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 A 
 
 GLOSSARY 
 
 OF 
 
 BortI) Countrj) Wiom, 
 
 IN USE. 
 
 FROM AN ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT, 
 
 IN THE LIBRARY OF 
 
 JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, ESQ., M.P. 
 
 WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS. 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN TROTTER BROCKETT, F. S. A. 
 
 LONDON AND NEWCASTLE. 
 
 $t in ere pitp tjbat ^vidj particwlariS gjioullf ht lo^t. 
 
 Mirror for ^fagisiraUs. 
 
 l^etDcasitle upon Cpne : 
 
 PRINTED BY T. AND J. HODGSON, FOR E. CHARNLEY. 
 
 M.DOCC.XXV. 
 
 4i 
 
 c^-
 
 Les mots sont le lien des societes, le v^hicule ties lumieres, la 
 base des sciences, les d^positaires des d^couvertesd'une Nation, de 
 son savoir, de sa politesse, de ses idees : la connoissance des mots 
 est done un moyen indispensable pour acque'rir celle des choses ; 
 de-1^ ces OuATages appelle's Dictionnaires, Vocabulaires ou Glos- 
 saires, qui ofFrent I'etendue des connoissances de chaque Peuple. 
 
 Gebelin.
 
 ^ 
 
 ^v^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, ESQ. M. P. 
 
 FOR THE COUNTY OF DURHAM, 
 IS INSCRIBED 
 
 AS A SINCERE TESTIMONY OF RESPECT FOR THE PUBLIC PRIN- 
 CIPLES AND PRIVATE VIRTUES FOR WHICH HIS CHARAC- 
 TER IS DISTINGUISHED AND REGARDED ; 
 AND IN 
 GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF MANY ACTS OF PERSONAL 
 KINDNESS, 
 BY HIS MUCH OBLIGED AND FAITHFUL SERVANT, 
 
 JOHN TROTTER BROCKETT. 
 
 Albion Place, '6lst. December, 1821. 
 
 
 «
 
 preface* 
 
 The eluciuation of language, and the improvement of lexico- 
 graphy, are investigations that have occupied t!ie attention, 
 and engaged the pens of many men distinguislietl for talents 
 and learning. 
 
 First impressions, and early associations, are difRcidt to re- 
 move. In our youth we are instructed to regard the Greeks 
 and the Romans as the greatest, the wisest, and the most 
 polished of Nations ; and to associate with the name of Goths 
 every thing that is ignorant, barbarous, and savage. To Gothic 
 ancestors, however, it should be remembered, we are indebted 
 for our existence, our language, and a i)art — perhaps the most 
 valuable — of our laws. We should also recollect that, when 
 these inunense hordes forsook their native forests, and settled 
 in the countries they subdued, the freedom of the individual 
 was resjiected and supported. The authority he acknow- 
 ledged, and the subordination he yielded, were not the will 
 of a tyrant, or the aggrandizement of a chief; bill the voice of 
 b
 
 ti PREFACE. 
 
 the nation at large, of which every member was a part : — a 
 system, though deficient in the elegancies of art, the researches 
 of science, or the ingenious labours of industry, was still 
 founded in friendship and benevolence, in protection and gra- 
 titude. That there is an extensive, and much more intimate 
 connexion than could have been imagined, between the lan- 
 guage of the Goths, and that which was first spoken by the 
 Greeks, and afterwards by the inhabitants of Italy, has been 
 satisfactorily proved in the Hermes Scythicus of the author's 
 friend Dr. Jamieson, a writer possessed of an accurate know- 
 ledge of the different Gothic dialects. 
 
 Amidst the contradiction, error, and conflision that prevail, 
 not only in regard to the peopling of Great Britain but of 
 Europe — involving early literary history in great obscurity — 
 it is difficult to draw any authentic conclusions, from which to 
 be enabled satisfactorily to trace the establishment of our pre- 
 sent mixed language, and the means and gradations through 
 or by which it was accomplished. The pure Saxon style 
 which at one period predominated, became greatly adulterated ; 
 partly by the barbarity and ignorance of the inhabitants, and 
 partly by the sanguinary conflicts with the Danes ; a people, 
 who, though of kindred origin, and using a dialect derived 
 from the same Northern source, were much inferior in civi- 
 lization to the Saxons. Harassed by these Danish incursions, 
 and often driven from their habitations, the people neglected 
 leui'ning, and a part of the language of their enemies gradually
 
 PREFACE. vii 
 
 became incorporated with their own. The courtiers of Ed- 
 ward the Confessor, priding themselves on the introduction 
 of a foreign idiom, prevented an}' attempt to restore the energy 
 of the original tongue ; and the system adopted after the 
 Norman conquest gave rise to those changes, which the acci- 
 dents of time, and the improvements of society, subsequently 
 effected in the literature of England. 
 
 To those acquainted with our literary history, it is evident 
 that we have to look for our old English, where it only exists 
 in its pure uncorrupted state, in the distant provinces of the 
 North ; however much the phraseology, in many respects, may 
 be disfigured by modern corruptions, cant terms, or puerilities. 
 The land of " Cockaigne," as some wits have lately called the 
 dwellers in the metropolis, has long lost its raciness of idiom ; 
 but among the lower classes tradition has been faithful to its 
 task ; and several of our vulgarisms are in fact the remains of 
 genuine English. Consequently, many aixhaisnjs occurring 
 in our numerous old Chronicles, and in Gower, Chaucer, 
 Skelton, Shakspeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, Ben Jonson, 
 and other early writers — now totally disused in other parts of 
 the kingdom — are still preserved in the remotest places of the 
 North. This may be easily accounted for. In these districts, 
 until of late years, the inhabitants had little or no intercourse 
 with the more Southern counties. They, therefore, retained 
 their ancient manners, customs, and language ; unchanged by 
 a mixture with those of their neighbours ; and freed from the
 
 viii PREFACE. 
 
 arbitrary caprice of fashion — as much an enemy to, and work- 
 ing as great an inroad on a living language as barbarism itself. 
 The distinctions of local dialects are now, however, becoming 
 less conspicuous. The artizan and petty trader, no longer 
 able to stem an overwhelming competition, are often compelled 
 to emigrate from their native villages to larger towns ; neces- 
 sarily leaving this decreasing population to be supplied from 
 distant places. An interchange of inhabitants so frequent, 
 must ultimately, however imperceptibly, destroy all provincial 
 peculiarities of speech. 
 
 Under these feelings, and with a vieyv of preserung many 
 ancient and emphatic tenns, that were in danger of being 
 totally lost, the author was induced to commence a collection 
 of Provincialisms. In his earlier years he had frequent com- 
 munications with different parts of the North, and accustomed 
 himself to note down from time to time, all such words as ap- 
 peared worth}' of preservation, or were likely to afford an expla- 
 nation of former manners or customs. His first effort was a 
 mere outline, sketched solely for his own amusement, and with- 
 out any intention of ever bestowing upon it the labour in which 
 it has since involved him. In that state the manuscript passed 
 into the library of Mr. Lambton, a gentleman who feels a deep 
 interest in the preservation of whatever is connected with the 
 Northern counties. By those to whose opinion and judgment 
 the author is bound to defer, such an accumulation of ancient 
 dialectical words (when properly described) was considered
 
 PREFACE. ix 
 
 too interesting an addition to the hir.tory of our literature and 
 of our language, and too valuable a portion of our local anti- 
 quities to be withheld from the public. 
 
 Mr. Lambton accordingly, with his accustomed liberality, 
 again confided the manuscript to the care and revision of the 
 original writer. One step brought on another, until the first 
 compilation became so overwhelmed with new matter, and so 
 altered by new iirrangement, that few traces of the original 
 ai'e now discernible. The preparing of it for the press, in this 
 enlarged form, has been the occupation of such short inter- 
 vals of leisiu'e as were not incompatible with, and could be 
 spared from the almost unceasing duties of a laborious pro- 
 fession, — and which the author found it a greater relaxation 
 to employ in this than in any other manner. 
 
 To diversify the work the author has not confined it to an 
 explanation of mere words. Under the heads which necessa- 
 rily refer to them, he has occasionally inserted elucidations of 
 the vulgar rites and popular opinions, which tradition has 
 faithfull)' transmitted through many generations. In some 
 instances, however, it has been found that these superstitions 
 are of such remote antiquity, as to have actually outlived the 
 knowledge of the very causes that gave them origin. " The 
 "generality of men," as remarked by Brand, " look back with 
 " superstitious veneration on the ages of their fore-fathcis ; 
 " and authorities that are grey with time seldom fail of com- 
 "manding those filial honours claimed even by the appearance 
 " of hoary old age."
 
 X PREFACE. 
 
 The reader will readily suppose that in compiling this Glos- 
 sary, the author was not unmindful of the labours of his pre- 
 decessors. Prior Dictionai'ies and Vocabularies have been 
 consulted to a great extent ; and references made to such of 
 them as aided his enquiries or illustrated his views. Ray ap- 
 pears to have been a man of learning, and a Saxon scholar — 
 Grose, a writer of a diiFerent description. Many of the words 
 contained in the work of the former are now out of use ; 
 while it is difficult to recognize several of those appropriated 
 to the North in that of the latter, from the distorted spelling 
 in which they are clothed — the compiler not having a sufficient 
 personal knowledge of the dialect he attempted to describe. 
 As to Pegge's Supplement, a number of his Provincialisms 
 are classical English, and very properly inserted in Mr. 
 Todd's elaborate edition of Dr. Johnson's work. The Doctor 
 himself was scarcely at all aware of the authenticity of ancient 
 dialectical words ; and having an unaccountable prejudice on 
 the subject, seldom gave them a place in his Dictionary. The 
 List of Ancient Words used in the mountainous parts of the 
 West Riding of Yorkshire, published in the Archseologia by 
 Dr. Willan, a native of that district, is a valuable contribution 
 to our philology. Most of these words being old acquaint- 
 ances, the work has been of great use to the author. There 
 does not appear to this intelligent writer, sufficient ground for 
 the idea entertained by Dr. Jamieson, and some others, who 
 maintain that the lowland Scotch and the English are difi'erent
 
 PREFACE. xi 
 
 languages. Any variations of accent, or in the mode of spel- 
 ling, he remarks, do not contribute to establish the point, 
 when we find on examination, that both the radicals and the 
 grammar are precisely the same. Hence, as he observes, a 
 person born in any of the Northern counties of England un- 
 derstands ancient and modern Scotch poetry, and enjoys it as 
 much as the Scots themselves. This is unquestionably true 
 to a great extent ; and it is equally certain that similarit} of 
 language is one of the most convincing documents of national 
 affinity. The reader, however, must decide for himself, after 
 he has perused and considered Dr. Jamieson's perspicuous 
 Dissertation on the Origin of the Scottish language. The 
 West Riding words are also preserved in a little work recently 
 published, under the title of Hores Momenta Cravence, or The 
 Craven Dialect Exemplified, in Two Dialogues, with a copious 
 Glossary ; a book that has not been overlooked. The only 
 other provincial Glossaries, from which the writer has derived 
 any material assistance, are those of, Cheshire Words by Roger 
 Wilbraham, Esq., 'and Suffolk Words by Major Moor; kindly 
 sent to him by the respective authors. Many of the terms in 
 both these publications, are radically the same as those col- 
 lected orally by the writer, though they appear to be different 
 from the dialectical variations which they have undergone. 
 
 The National work of Dr. Jamieson has been of use to the 
 author in almost every page. He is also materially indebted 
 to tliat learned writer for many etymologies that might other-
 
 xii PREFACE. 
 
 wise have escaped him. An enemy to all fanciful etymology, he 
 has endeavoured to guard against such fascination. Knowing 
 the extreme fallaciousness of the science when founded on a 
 mere simikunty of sound, however striking, he has abstained 
 from all attempts at derivation where the sources did not seem 
 clear and undeniable ; and he has, in particular, avoided any 
 display of dexterity, by refraining from a reference to languages 
 of which the people were entirely ignorant, or which bear no 
 affinity to their own. His chief researches have been among 
 the ancient Northern dialects ; where, if we are not always 
 able to trace the primary ancestor, we may discover a resem- 
 blance sufficient to satisfy us, that we are recurring to a very 
 remote primogenitor. It is much to be regretted that trans- 
 lators from, and interpreters of Saxon, should ever have pub- 
 lished their works in Latin ; there being no natural analoiry 
 between the two languages. An English version woidd not 
 only have preserved the original form, but have shewn the 
 propriety of the present speech. A contrary method has oc- 
 casioned many of our words to be consider'c d as barbarous and 
 obsolete, which, looking to the original tongue, are not only 
 genuine but significant. By those who are conversant with 
 the Saxon and Northern languages, the justice of this remark 
 will be readily appreciated — they who are ignorant of tiiese 
 philological treasures have slender pretensions to the name of 
 a grammarian or a critic, an antiquary or a historian. 
 
 In a few of his etymological speculations, and in some of
 
 PREFACE. xlii 
 
 his definitions, the author has been under the necessity of 
 differing in opinion from friends, whose learning he admires, 
 and for whom he entertains a personal esteem ; but tlieir com- 
 mon pm'suit being the same, he consoles himself with the 
 pleasing anticipation that his observations, offered with due 
 respect, will be taken in the light they are meant — an anxious 
 desii-e to be strictly accurate ; however seemingly unimportant 
 the subject. 
 
 Several of the words acbuittcd into this collection are, un- 
 doubtedly, mere vicious pronunciation.s ; but they are, in most 
 cases, so truly charactevistical of a local peculiarity beyond 
 the mere corruption, that the author could not reconcile him- 
 self entirely to omit tliem. The plirases within inverted com- 
 mas, at the end of several of the explanatioi»s, are all genuine 
 expressions; which have been either heard by himself, or 
 communicated to him b\' friends on whose accuracy and 
 fidelity he can implicitly rely : — and in order to relieve, in 
 some degree, the dryness of a mere explanation of a vocabu- 
 lary of words, he has occasionally inserted illustrations from 
 ancient, as well as from modern local writers. 
 
 Although the author is a native of, and has spent the 
 greater part of his life in this part of the kingdom, he feels it 
 right to acknowledge, that he has often met with words, even 
 in common use, the true meaning of which he has had the 
 greatest difficulty to ascertain. Some were interpreted to 
 him one way and some another, according to the peculiar ideas 
 c
 
 xiv PREFACE. 
 
 attached to them by different individuals ; and in consequence 
 of that indefinite character, which must always, more or less, 
 mark expressions merely oral. In terms thus doubtful, he 
 cannot presume that he has, in every instance, succeeded in 
 his explanations ; but whatever errors he may have com- 
 mitted, in this or in any other respect, he will, on their being 
 pointed out, be glad to rectify in another edition ; which has 
 become necessary in consequence of the demand for the pre- 
 sent far exceeding the number of copies printed. The author 
 takes this opportunity further to state, that he will be pecu- 
 liarly indebted to any of his readers, who may be kind enough 
 to transmit to him any authentic provincial words, which have 
 escaped his notice, or any particular local customs to which he 
 has omitted to allude, with the proper explanations. Such is 
 the copiousness of our Northern vernacular speech, that the 
 author is far from pretending that he has been able — even 
 aided as his own researches have been by the most liberal 
 communications both of friends and of strangers — to give by 
 any means a complete view of it. 
 
 It now remains to the author, and it is a pleasing part of 
 his duty, to testify his sense of obligation for the assistance 
 that has been afforded him ; and to return his acknowledg- 
 ments for the condescension and politeness he has received at 
 the hands of those — not less distinguished by their literary 
 acquirements than by their exalted rank — who have patronized 
 and encouraged the pubHcation, and favoiu-ed the author with 
 their advice and information on subjects connected therewith.
 
 PREFACE. xy 
 
 To one of the learned Judges, eminently versed in our lite- 
 rary history, whom the author had the honour of knowing 
 when at the Bm-, especial thanks are due for the partiality and 
 kindness that prompted him to direct the author's attention to 
 sources of infoniiation which were found highly advantage- 
 ous to consult ; and to a Right Reverend Prelate, a liberal 
 patron of literature, \\-ith whom the author had not the honour 
 of a previous acquaintance, he is under a particulai" obligation 
 for the imsolicited loan of a copy of Palsgrave, a work of ex- 
 cessive rarity, and a great typographical curiosity. 
 
 To the possessors of Collections of local words the author 
 stands indebted, with one single exception, for the confiden- 
 tial manner in which they intrusted to him their manuscripts ; 
 allowing him the unrestrained use of them. This liberal con- 
 duct, so gratif\'lng to the author's feelings, has not only, in 
 many instances, materially assisted him in the progi-ess of his 
 labours, but has enabled hiin to add several interesting paiti- 
 culars, which, without such unreserved communications, 
 would, in all probability, have escaped his observation. These 
 favours the author is desirous of acknowledging according to 
 the order in which they were conferred. 
 
 To the friendship of the Reverend John Hodgfion, Vicar of 
 Kirkwhelpington, and author of the History of Northumber- 
 land, now in a course of publication, the writer is indebtetl 
 for the use of a volume of memoranda connected with the 
 historian's own enquiries, but which proved highly useful on
 
 xvi PREFACE. 
 
 the present occasion. The author is much obliged to his 
 learned friend, James Losh, Esq. for the loan of an extensive 
 list of words still in use in the Northern parts of England, 
 more particularly in the county of Cumberland, several of 
 which are marked as occurring in Chaucer, Spenser, and other 
 old writers. To the kindness of the Reverend John Brewster, 
 Rector of Egglescliffe, the author owes the perusal of a large 
 catalogue of Northern words collected by that respectable 
 clergjinan. From a Glossary obligingly put into the author's 
 hands by his intelligent friend, George Taylor, Esq. many im- 
 portant gleanings have been gathered ; nor has the collection 
 of Mr. John Bell, a pains-taking antiquary, with which the 
 author was favoured, been without its use. To the attention 
 and friendship of the Reverend Anthony Hedley, author of 
 the interesting Essay towards ascertaining the Etymology of 
 the Names of Places in the County of Northumberland, pub- 
 lished in the Archseologia iEliana, the writer is indebted for a 
 curious collection of local words made by the late C. Machell, 
 Esq. for Mi". Richardson, of Cheadle ; and intended by that 
 gentleman for the great work of the late Reverend Jonathan 
 Boucher ; which has hitherto, unfortunately, been confined to 
 the first letter of the alphabet; but the remainder of which, 
 there is every reason to hope, will soon be given to the public. 
 Inmimerable obligations lU'c due to the Rev. Henry Cotes, 
 "Vicar of Bedlington, for repeated acts of attention, and for 
 manv communications, which his extensive personal acquaint-
 
 PREFACE. xvu 
 
 ance with the Northumbrian dialect rendered so acceptable. 
 For various other communications made to the author in the 
 course of the work, with great liberality and without solicita- 
 tion, he is largely indebted to a number of other friends ; par- 
 ticularly to Sir Cuthbert Sharp, Mr. Thomas Doubleday, Mr. 
 John Stanton, Mr. Edward Hemsley, and an amiable female, 
 whose retiring modesty leads her to derive most gratification 
 when in her power to confer a benefit unnoticed. Nor is the 
 author without obligation for some ingenious and sensible re- 
 marks, as well as for several words, which have been sent to 
 him without the writer's name. 
 
 To the uninterrupted friendship of his early preceptor, the 
 Reverend William Turner — a name with which every thing 
 benevolent is associated — the author owes the perusal of some 
 Danish books, which he could not obtain except through the 
 kind offices of that obliging individual ; to whom he is further 
 indebted for MS. notes on Verstegan's Restitution of De- 
 cayed Intelligence. The author's thanks are also due to his 
 friend, Mr. Murray, for the loan of an interleaved copy of 
 Grose's Provincial Glossary with MS. additions. And to the 
 liberality and friendship of his early associate, John Bowser, 
 Esq. the author owes the possession of some ciu"ious Dic- 
 tionaries, and several uncommon books connected with his 
 enquiries. 
 
 To Henry Ellis, Esq. of the British Museum, the author ten- 
 ders his thanks for pointing out to him. among the Lansdowne
 
 xviii PREFACE. 
 
 Manuscripts, the very curious and select Glossary compiled 
 by Bishop Kennett, accompanied by the most obliging offers 
 of assistance, which writers at a distance from the larger 
 fountains of research and intelligence know so well how to 
 appreciate. 
 
 The author regrets that he has not, in this first edition, 
 been able to benefit by the MS. Glossary just alluded to; or 
 to avail himself of an " Explanation of several Terms made 
 use of in the Lead Mines, &c. in Alston Moor," which he owes 
 to the politeness of Anthony Easterby, Esq. of Coxlodge. 
 These additions, however, shall appear in a future impression, 
 incorporated with a " Vocabulary of provincial phrases used 
 bv the Miners in Teesdale," with which the author has been 
 favoured by his friend, the Reverend George Newby. 
 
 It still remains to mention the acknowledgments that are 
 due to IMi'. William Garret, not only for indefatigable atten- 
 tion to the work through the press, which, from the author's 
 other avocations, was confided to his management ; but for 
 many local words which his unwearied zeal enabled him to 
 collect in situations beyond the reach of, and from sources 
 inaccessible to the author, in addition to several Newcastle 
 expressions of which he was himself the living depository. 
 
 The author has to regret that death should have deprived 
 hun of the pleasm-e of expressing his gratitude to his much 
 respected friend, Matthew Gregson, Esq. for the interest he 
 took in this publication ; and for various acts of attention
 
 PREFACE. xix 
 
 and civility experienced at his hands. Acknowledgments 
 would also have been due to the late Reverend J. J. Cony- 
 beare, for offers of assistance, and for the promise of informa- 
 tion ; but that eminent scholar has also sunk into the grave. 
 
 Having already said so much of the mode and execution of 
 the work, it is now left to its fate. The author has en- 
 deavoured, by the means within his power, to be faithful and 
 accurate ; but he has no wish, by any apology, to screen him- 
 self from candid and liberal criticism.
 
 AN 
 EXPLANATION ' 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PRINCIPAL CONTRACTIONS USED IN THIS 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS. 
 
 Br Ancient British language. 
 
 Celt Celtic language. 
 
 Cumb Cumberland dialect. 
 
 Dan Danish language. 
 
 Dur Durham dialect. 
 
 Dut Dutch language. 
 
 Fr French language. 
 
 Gael Gaelic language. 
 
 Germ GeriTian language. 
 
 Ir Irish language. 
 
 Isl Islandic (or Icelandic) language. 
 
 Ital Italian language. 
 
 Lane Lancashire dialect. 
 
 Lat Latin language. 
 
 Moe.-Got.— Moes.-Got. Moeso-Gothic language. 
 
 Newc Newcastle dialect. 
 
 North Northumberland dialect. 
 
 Sax Anglo-Saxon language. 
 
 Sc Scottish language. 
 
 Span Spanish language. 
 
 Su.-Got Suio-Gothic, or ancient language of Sweden. 
 
 Sw Modern Swedish language. 
 
 Teut Teutonic language. 
 
 West Westmorland dialect. 
 
 York Yorkshire dialect.
 
 CONTRACTIONS. 
 
 AUTHORS AND WORKS. 
 
 Boucii. — Boucher. Glossary of" Obsolete and Provincial Words, 
 4to. Lond. 1S07. 
 
 Crav. Gloss HorjB Momenta Cravenae, or the Craven Dia- 
 lect exemplified, ISmo. Lond. 1824. 
 
 Du Gauge Glossarium ad Scriptores Media? et Inflmss La- 
 
 tinitatis, 6 tom. fol. Paris, 1733. 
 
 Grose Provincial Glossary, with a Collection of" Local 
 
 Proverbs, Svo. Lond. 1787. 
 
 Grose Classical Dictionary of the vulgar Tongue, 
 
 Svo. Lond. 1783. 
 Ihre Glossarium Suio-Gothicum, 2 tom. fol. Upsal. 
 
 1769. 
 Jam Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Lan- 
 guage, 2 vols. 4to. Edinb. 1808. 
 Jan. — Junius Etymologicum Anglicanum, Edid. Lye, fol. 
 
 Oxon. 1743. 
 Kilian Etymologicon Teutonics Lingurc, 2 tom. 4to. 
 
 Traj. Bat. 1777. 
 Le Roux Dictionnaire comique, critique, burlesque, libre, 
 
 et proverbial, 2 tom. Svo. Lion. 1752. 
 Lye Dictionarium Saxonico et Gothico-Latinum. 
 
 Edid. iNIanning, 2 tom. fol. Lond. 1772. 
 Moor Suftblk Words and Phrases, by Edward Moor, 
 
 F.Pi.S.F.A.S,&c. 12mo. Woodbridge, 1823. 
 Kares.-Nares'Glo^s. A Glossary; or Collection of Words, Phrases, 
 
 Names, and Allusions to Customs, Proverbs, 
 
 &c. 4to. Lond. 1822. 
 d
 
 xxii CONTRACTIONS. 
 
 Palso-rave L'Esclaircissement de la Langue Francoise, 
 
 fol. Black Letter. The two first books 
 printed by Pynson, and the 3d (the most co- 
 pious part) by lohan Hawkins — the only 
 work he ever executed. 
 
 Ray Collection of English Words, l2mo. 2d edit. 
 
 Lond. 1691. 
 Roquefort Glossaire de la Langue Romane, 2 torn. 8vo. 
 
 Paris, 1808. 
 Skin. Skinner Etymologicon Linguae Anglicana?, fol. Lond. 
 
 1671. 
 Spelman Glossariuni Archaiologicum, folio, London, 
 
 1687. 
 Suff. Words Suffolk Words and Phrases, by Edward Moor, 
 
 F. R. S. F. A. S. 12mo. Woodbridge, 1823. 
 
 Tooke Diversions of Purley, 2 vols. 4to. Lond. 1798, 
 
 and 1805. 
 Wachter Glossarium Germanicum, 2 torn. fol. Lips. 
 
 1737. 
 Wilb An attempt at a Glossary of some words used 
 
 in Cheshire. From the Ai'chaologiae, Vol. 
 
 XIX. With considerable additions, 8vo. 
 
 Lond. 1820. Privately printed. 
 
 Willan A List of Ancient Words at present used in the 
 
 Mountainous Districts of the West Riding of 
 Yorkshire. Archaologia, Vol. XVII. 
 
 The reader can hare no difficulty in ascertaining the other books 
 referred to, by the manner in which they are quoted.
 
 APPROPRIATION OF COPIES. 
 
 SIX HUNDRED PRINTED. 
 (exclusive of thirty-two on large paper.) 
 
 His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, K. G. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Earl of Eldon, Lord High 
 
 Chancellor of Great Britain, F. R. & A. S. 
 
 His Grace the Archbishop of York. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Northumbeuland, K. G. F. S. A. 
 
 Her Grace the Duchess of Northumberland. 
 
 The Most Honourable the Marquess Cornwallis, late Lord 
 
 Bishop of Lichfield & Coventry, and Dean of Durham. 
 
 The Most Honourable the Marquess of Bute, 2 copies. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lady Charlotte Osborne. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Eari, of Tankerville. 
 
 Thf. Right Honourable Earl Spencer, K. G. F. R. & A. S. 
 
 The Right Honourable Earl Grosvenor. 
 
 The Right Honourable Earl Grey. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lord Henry Howard. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lord John Russell, M. P. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lady Louisa Lambton. 
 
 The Right Honourable and Right Reverend the Lord Bishop 
 
 OF IvONTiON, F. R. & A. S. Private and Episcopal Libraries. 
 
 The Honourable and Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of 
 
 Durhaji. 
 
 The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of St. Davids, F. R.& A.S. 
 
 The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Peterborough, 
 
 F. R. & A. S.
 
 XXIV APPROPRIATION OF COPIES. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lord Grantham, F. S. A. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lord Stowell, President and Judge of 
 
 the Right Court of Admiralty, F. R. & A. S. 3 copies. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lord Ravexsworth. 
 
 The Honourable Henrv Thomas Liddell. 
 
 The Honourable W. F. Grant, of Grant, M. P. 
 
 The Right Honourable Thomas Wallace, jM. P. Master of 
 
 the Mint. 
 
 The Right Honourable Sir Thomas Plujier, Knight, late 
 
 Master of the Rolls. 
 
 The Honourable Sir John Hullock, Knight, one of the Barons 
 
 of the Court of Exchequer. 
 
 The Honourable Sir Joseph Littledale, Knight, one of the 
 
 Justices of the Court of King's Bench. 
 
 The Honourable James Abercrojibie, M. P. 
 
 Lady Sjiyth. 
 
 Sir Hedvvorth Williamson, Bart., Whithurn Hall. 
 
 Sir Charles M. L. Monck, Bart. Bdsai/ Castle, 2 copies. 
 
 Sir Charles Loraine, Bart. Kirklun-le, 2 copies. 
 
 Sir Henry Lawson, Bart. Brough Hall, 2 copies. 
 
 Siii John Edward Swinburne, Bart. F. R. & A. S. Capheaton, 
 
 2 copies. 
 
 Sir IMatthew White Ridley, Bart. jM. P. Blugdon. 
 Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart. F. R. & A. S. Stourliead 
 
 Hon.se. 
 Sir James Grahaji, Bart. M. P., F. S. A. Edmund Castle, 
 
 3 copies. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Abhotsford, 3 co])ies. 
 
 Sir David William Smith, Bart. Alnwick, 
 
 Sir Robert Crawfurd Pollok, Bart. Upper Pollok. 
 
 Sir Ja3ies Mackintosh, Knight, M. P., LL. D., Lord Rector 
 
 of the University of Glasgow. 
 
 Sir Thomas E. Tojilins, Knight, one of the Benchers of the 
 
 Inner Temple. 
 
 Sir Cuthbert Sharp, Knight, F. S. A. Sunderland 
 
 Sir Thomas Burdon, Knight, IFcst Jesmond. 
 
 The Royal Library, Copenhagen.
 
 Al'PllOlJRIATlON OF COPIES. X: 
 
 The Corporation of Newcastle. 
 
 The Library of the Literary and Philosophical Society, 
 
 Newcastle. 
 
 The Library of the Antiquarian Society, Newcastle. 
 
 The Library of the London Institution. 
 
 The Library of the Society of Antiquaries, London. 
 
 The Metropolitan Literary Institution, London. 
 
 The York Subscription Library. 
 
 The Hull Subscription Library. 
 
 Sirs. Adams, Ridley Place. 
 
 John Adamson, Esq. F. 8. A. & F. L. S. Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Ainswortli, Manchester. 
 
 ]Mr. John Akenhead, Newcastle, 4. copies. 
 
 E. H. Alderson, Esq. Barrister at Law. 
 
 John Aldei'son, Jun. Esq. Hidl. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Allason, Vicar of Heddon-on-the- WulL 
 
 Mr. Frederick IVIartin Allerton, Liverpool. 
 
 ]\Ir. William Anderson, Westgate. 
 
 Mr. George Andrews, Durliam, 6 copies. 
 
 Mr. John Lindsay Angas, Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. George Angus, Newcastle. 
 
 ]\Ir. Henry Armstrong, Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. William Amistrong, Toions Chamber, Newcastle. 
 
 Nat. Ateheson, Esq. F. S. A. Duke Street, Westminster. 
 
 Robert Shank Ateheson, Esq. Dtike Street, Westminster. 
 
 Matthew Atkinson, Esq. Carrs Hill. 
 
 General Aylmer, Wahvorth Castle. 
 
 B. 
 
 Edward Backhouse, Esq. Sunderland. 
 
 .lohn W. Bacon, Est]. Styford. 
 
 George Bainbridge, Esq. Liverpool. 
 
 Joseph Bainbridge, Es(j. Newcastle. 
 
 John Baird, E^q. Newcastle. 
 
 Addison Jolm CVesswell Baker, E^q. Cresstvell.
 
 XXVI APPROI'RIATION OF f oriFS. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Baker, Whitburn Rectory. 
 
 John Barras, Esq. Kihhkswurth. 
 
 James Bateman, Esq. London, 
 
 WiUiam Batty, Esq. London. 
 
 Matthew Bell, Esq. Woohington. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Bell, Union Street, ICewcastle, 2 copies. 
 
 Mr. John Bell, Windmill Hills. 
 
 Mr. Edward Bell, Newcastle. 
 
 Rev. F. Benson, Chollerton, 2 copies. 
 
 William Bentham, Esq. F. S. A. London. 
 
 Calverley Bewicke Bewicke, Esq. Castle Eden, 
 
 Henry Bickersteth, Esq. Barrister at Law, Lincoln's Inn. 
 
 Charles William Bigge, Esq. Linden House. 
 
 Thomas Hanway Bigge, Esq. Little Benton. 
 
 Mrs. Bird, Chester-le-Street. 
 
 Rev. James Birkett, Ovingham. 
 
 John Blackburne, Esq. M. P. Hah Hall. 
 
 Mr. Bohn, Bookseller, London, 6 copies. 
 
 William Bolland, Esq. Barrister at Law, Adelphi Terrace. 
 
 Major Bower, Welham. 
 
 Richard Bowser, Esq. Bishop Auckland. 
 
 Vv'illiam Boyd, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 James Brancker, Esq. Bell Vice, Kirkdale House. 
 
 Charles John Brandling, Esq. M. P. Gosforth House, 
 
 Rev. Ralph H. Brandling, Shofton Hall. 
 
 Rev. John Brewster, Rector of Eggkscliffe. 
 
 John Britton, Esq. F. S. A. London, 4 copies. 
 
 John Broadley, Esq. F. S. A., F. L. S. Kirk Ella, Hull. 
 
 Henry Broadley, Esq. F. S. A. Ferriby, Hull. 
 
 Mr. John Brockett, Gateshead. 
 
 Mrs. John Trotter Brockett, Albion Place. 
 
 Mr. William Henry Brockett, Newcastle. 
 
 B. C. Brodie, Esq. London. 
 
 Rev. J. H. Bromley, M. A. Vicar of Hull. 
 
 Henry Brougham Esq. M. P. Brougham Hall. 
 
 Dixon Brown, Esq. Netvcastle. 
 
 John Brown, Esq. Newcastle.
 
 APPROPRIATION OF COPIES. 
 
 Mr. John Bruce, Newcastle, 
 Henry Brumell, Esq. Morpeth. 
 John Brumell, Esq. London. 
 John Buddie, Esq. Ifall's End. 
 John Bulman, Esq. ]\^eu'castle, 
 J. J. Burn, Esq. Gray's Inn. 
 Mr. George Burnett, Newcastle. 
 William Burrell, Esq. Broome Par/t. 
 Robert Burrell, Esq. Durham. 
 John Burrell, Esq. Durham. 
 
 J. C. Cankrien, Esq. Hull 
 
 Mrs. Carr, Dunston Hill. 
 
 John Carr, Jun. Esq. North Shields. 
 
 Rev. Charles Charlton, Vicar of Tynemnnth. 
 
 Charles Charlton, M. D. North Skidds. 
 
 Mr. Edward Charlton, Newcastle. 
 
 INIr. James Charlton, Gateshead. 
 
 JVIr. Thomas Charlton, Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. Emerson Charnley, Newcastle, 25 copies. 
 
 Rev. Robert Clarke, Walwick Hull, 3 copies. 
 
 Mr. William Clarke, Neiccastle. 
 
 Charles Clavering, Esq. Greencroft. 
 
 Nathaniel Clayton, Esq. N'ewcastle. 
 
 William Clayton, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 George Clementson, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 John Clutterbuck, Esq. Warhcortlt. 
 
 William Coates, Esq. Neivcastle. 
 
 Charles Cockerill, Esq. South Shields. 
 
 Jonathan Cockerill, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 Ebenezer John CoUett, Esq. M. P. Looker s House. 
 
 Rev. John CoUinson, M. A. Rector of Gateshead. 
 
 Archibald Constable, Esq. Edinhiirgh, 2 copies. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Cook, M. A. Newton Hall, 2 copies. 
 
 Isaac Cookson, Sen. Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 Christopher Cookson, Esq. Barrister at Law Newcastle.
 
 XXVin APPROPRIATION OF COPIES. 
 
 Colonel Cookson, Ayton House. 
 
 Rev. Henry Cotes, Vicar of Bedlington. 
 
 Lieut. Colonel Coulson, Blenhinsoirp Castle. 
 
 Charles Cradock, Esq. Lmidon. 
 
 Shaftoe Craster, Esq. Craster. 
 
 Edmund Craster, Esq. Preston. 
 
 C. Creswell, Esq. Barrister at Law. 
 
 Mr. Crosland, Huddersjield. 
 
 John Crosse, Esq. F. S. A. Hull. 
 
 Matthew Culley, Esq. Copcland Castle. 
 
 William Cuthbert, Esq. BenivelL 
 
 Mr. John Cuthell, Londmi, 4 copies. 
 
 D. 
 
 Heni-y Dale, Esq. North Shields. 
 
 Rev. James Dalton, Rector of Croft. 
 
 Robert Davidson, Esq. Sunderland. 
 
 Mr. Geoi-ge Davidson, Rock. 
 
 Thomas Davidson, Esq. Newcastk. 
 
 Miss Davidson, Westgate Street, Newcastle. 
 
 Alexander Davison, Esq. Swarland House, 'Z copies. 
 
 Thomas Davison, Esq. Whitefriars, London. 
 
 John Dent, Esq. M. P. 
 
 Mr. Francis Devereaux, London. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Frognall Dibdin, F. R. & A. S. 
 
 William Dickson, Esq. Alnwick. 
 
 J. D' Israeli, Esq. London. 
 
 John Dixon, Esq. Stockton. 
 
 Mr. Ralph Dodds, Newcastle. 
 
 Armorer Donkin, Esq. Newcastle, 
 
 Henry Donkin, Esq. Durham. 
 
 Mr. Thoinas Doiibleday, Newcastle. 
 
 Francis Douce, Esq. F. S. A. London. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Dove, Newcastle. 
 
 Alexander Dudgeon, Esq. Leith Jifount. 
 
 Michael Dunn, Esq. Sallwell Hall.
 
 ArPROPRIATION OF COPIES. 
 
 E. 
 
 Anthony Easterby, Esq. Coxhd<n: 
 
 Rev. James Edmondson, Vicar of" N'ewhurn. 
 
 Rev. Frederick Ekins, Rector of Morpeth. 
 
 Henry Ellis, Esq. F. R. S., Sec. A. S., London, 
 
 James Ellis, Esq. Otterboume. 
 
 Cuthbert Ellison, Esq. M. P. Hehbum Hall, 
 
 Nathaniel Ellison, Esq. LonJim. 
 
 Rev. Noel Ellison, A. INI. JIuntspUl. 
 
 Richard Ellison, Esq. Beverley. 
 
 Gregory Elsley, Esq. Celonel North York IMilitia. 
 
 I\ 
 Rev. George S. Faber, Rector of Long Newton. 
 Thomas Henry Faber, Esq. Bishop Auckland. 
 James Fairbank, Esq. Staple Inn. 
 William Falla, Esq. Gateshead. 
 Mr. Jacob Ralph Featherston, Kewcastle. 
 John Fenwick, Esq. Newcastle, 
 Mr. James Finlay, Newcastle. 
 Mr. William Fisher, Newcastle. 
 William B. Flexney, Esq. J, undent 
 Matthew Forster, Esq. Newcastle. 
 Mrs. Forster, Greenfield Pluce. 
 George Townshend Fox, Esq. Westoe, 
 Charles Frost, Esq. F. S. A. Hvll. 
 
 G. 
 
 iNIr. Joseph Garnett, Newcastle. 
 Mr. William Garret, Newcastle. 
 Mr. John Gibson, Newcastle. 
 Mr. George Gibsone, Newcastle. 
 Mr. Robert Gillespie, Femjhill. 
 James Gooden, Esq. London. 
 John Grace, Esq. CarviUe. 
 Nathaniel Grace, Esq. London. 
 Rev. Robert Gray, Sunderland.
 
 XXX APPROPRIATION OF COPIES. 
 
 E. M. Greenhow, M. D. North Shieldx. 
 
 Robinson Robert Greenwell, Esq. Nexccastle. 
 
 Anthony Gregson, Esq. LoivUn. 
 
 Tliomas Gregson, Esq. Essex Street, Strand, London. 
 
 Matthew Gregson, Esq. F. R. S. Ovestmi Manor, Cheshire. 
 
 John Grey, Esq. Mil/Jield Hill. 
 
 Rev. Henry Deer Griffith, M. A. Neiccastle. 
 
 H. 
 
 The Very Rev. Cliarles Henry Hall, D. D. Dean of Durham. 
 
 William Hamper, Esq. Deritend House. 
 
 Thomas Harrison, Esq. Stubb House. 
 
 IVIr. Cornelius Harrison, Stubb House. 
 
 Mr. Whytell Harrison, Stubb House. 
 
 ]Mr. John Harvey, Straivberrtj Place. 
 
 Thomas Emerson Headlani, M. D. Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. William Heaton, Newcastle. 
 
 Richard Heber, Esq. M. P. Hodnct Hall. 
 
 Rev. Anthony Hedley, Rector of IVhilJield. 
 
 IMr. Edward Hemsley, Newcastle. 
 
 ]Mr. Thomas Hepple, Benwell. 
 
 IMr. Ions Hcvvison, Newcastle. 
 
 Henry Hevvitson, Esq. Seaton Hum. 
 
 Middleton Hewitson, Esq. Newcctstle. 
 
 Rev. John Hodgs<jn, Vicar of Kirkwheliiinyton. 
 
 George Hodgson, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 B'lr. Thomas Hodgson, Newcastle. 
 
 Mr, John Hodgson, Fetersburglu 
 
 Mr. James Hodgson, Newcastle, 
 
 John Hudson, Esq. Manchester, 
 
 Charles Hunter, Esq. London. 
 
 I. 
 
 Sanderson Ilderton, Esq. Ilderton. 
 Mr. Henry Ingledew, Neivcastle. 
 
 J. 
 
 Edward John Jackson, Esq. Sheriff of NcwcasUc
 
 APPROPRIATION OF COPIES. XX> 
 
 William James, Esq. ]\I. P. Burrock Lodge. 
 
 Rev. John Jamieson, U. D. F. R. S. E. & F. S. A. S., EdUhirf/h. 
 
 J. C. Jobling, Esq. N^ctctoii Hull. 
 
 Mr. John Jobling, Newcastle, 
 
 Francis Johnson, Esq. Neu'castle, 
 
 iNIr. William Jolnison, Ti/ue Brewery. 
 
 T. Waterhouse Kaye, Esq. Barrister at Law, London. 
 Richard Keenlyside, M. D. Newcastle. 
 John Keenlyside, Esq. Newcastle. 
 Thomas W. Keenlyside, Esq. Newcastle. 
 Mr. William Kell, Gateshead. 
 
 L. 
 
 ]Mr, Mark Ijambert, Newcastle. 
 
 John George Lambton, Esq. M. P. Lamhton Hall, 5 copies. 
 
 William Lawes, Esq. Pntd/ioe Custle. 
 
 William Lawson, Esq. Longhirst. 
 
 Robert Lcadbitter, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 Rev. George Lee, Hull. 
 
 Rev. Henry George Liddell, Rector of Boldon. 
 
 Rev. John Lingai'd, D. D. Hornby. 
 
 William Linskill, Esq. Tynemouth Lodge. 
 
 Mr. John Little, Gateshead. 
 
 Edward Hawke Locker, Esq. F. R. & A. S. Greenwich Hospit(d. 
 
 Messrs. Longman, Hurst, & Co. London, 12 copies. 
 
 William Loraine, Esq. Lumley Park. 
 
 John Lambton Loraine, Esq. Newcastle, 2 copies. 
 
 James Losh, Esq. Barrister at Law, Jesmond. 
 
 M. 
 Robert Machell, Esq. Beverley. 
 Mr. Eneas Mackenzie, Newcastle. 
 Mr. John Major, London. 
 John Martindale, Esq. Chester-le- Street. 
 Mr. John Marshall Mather, Newcastle. 
 Francis Maude, Esq. Barrister at Law, Waktjield.
 
 XXXll APPROPRIATION OF COPIES. 
 
 Thomas Meggison, Esq. Whalton. 
 
 Holker Meggison, Esq. Barrister at La«', London. 
 
 John ]Middleton Meggison, Esq. London, 2 copies. 
 
 Rev. S. Meggison, Vicar of Bolam. 
 
 Francis Mewburn, Esq. Darlington. 
 
 Mr. George Milner, Newccuntle. 
 
 Major Edward Moor, F. R. & A. S. Woodbridge. 
 
 Robert Moore, Esq. Doncaster. 
 
 Richard Moorsoni, Jun. Esq. Whitby. 
 
 Mrs. Miinby, Croft. 
 
 Mr. John Murray, Newcastle. 
 
 N. . 
 The Venerable Archdeacon Nares, A. M. F. R. S. F. A. S. 
 Rev. George Newby, IVitton-le- Wear. 
 John Nichols, Esq. F. S. A. Lortd. Edin. & Perth. 
 John Bowyer Nichols, Esq. F. S. A. & F. L. S. 2 copies. 
 Robert Nichols, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 O. 
 
 Robert Ogle, Esq. Eglingham. 
 Mr. Robert Oliver, Neivcastle. 
 John Ord, Esq. Newcastle. 
 Mr. Thomas Ord, Coatham House. 
 William Orde, Esq. Nunnykirh. 
 A. C. Orme, Esq. Temple, London. 
 Robert Ormston, Jun. Esq. Newcastle, 
 Rev. Edward Otter, Rector of Bothul. 
 
 James Parke Esq. Barrister at Law, London 
 Samuel Walker Parker, Esq. Scots House. 
 William Peters, Esq. Newcastle. 
 Mr. Ralph Park Philipson, Newcastle. 
 Mr William Pickering, London, 4 copies. 
 Matthew Plummer, Esq. Newcastle. 
 George Woolley Poole, Esq. London, 
 Edward Potts, Esq. Morpeth.
 
 AI'PROI'KIATION OF COPIES. XXXIU 
 
 James Potts, Esq. Newcastle, 
 
 Mr. Brough Pow, Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. William Preston, Newcastle. 
 
 Mr, Richard Priestley, London, 12 copies. 
 
 Rev. James Pringle, Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. William Proctor, Dean Street, Newcastle. 
 
 John A. Pybus, Esq. Neivcastle. 
 
 R. 
 
 Fletcher Raincock, Esq. F. S. A. Liverpool. 
 
 Rev. James Raine, Vicar of Mddon, 2 copies. 
 
 James Ramsay, Esq. London. 
 
 Rev. William Rawes, Houghton-k- Spring. 
 
 Mr. Robert Reay, Tyne Brewery. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Reed, Newcastle. 
 
 Rev. William Reed, Warkworth. 
 
 Owen Rees, Esq. London. i 
 
 Mr. W. K. Reid, Carey Street, London. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Richardson, Jfitton Gilbert, 
 
 Mr. John Richardson, Neivcastle. 
 
 Mr. William Richardson, North Shields. 
 
 James Richardson, Esq. North Shields, 
 
 Mr. Moses Richardson, Newcastle. 
 
 Henry Richmond, Esq. Humshaugh. 
 
 Mr. Edward Riddle, Royal Naval Asylum, Greenwich. 
 
 Rev. Charles John Ridley. M.A. Professor of Anglo-Saxon, O:r/or<i 
 
 Messrs. Rivingtons & Cochran, London, 12 copies. 
 
 John Robson, Esq. Felling Hall. 
 
 Mr. H. Rodd, London, 2 copies. 
 
 Mr. I. Rodd, London, 2 copies. 
 
 William Roscoe, Esq. Liverpool. 
 
 John Russell Rowntree, Esq. Barrister at Law, Stockton. 
 
 John Ruddock, Esq. Hexham, 
 
 Mr. William Rymer, Darlington, 
 
 S. 
 William Thomas Salvin, Esq. Croxdale, 2 copies. 
 Mr. J. Sams, Darlington.
 
 XXXIV APPROPRIATION OF COPIES. 
 
 Mr. Jonathan Ward Sanders, Aytoii. 
 
 Thomas Saunders, Esq. London. 
 
 John Scafe, Esq. AhuL'ick. 
 
 James Scarlett, Esq. M. P. King's Coimsel. 
 
 The Venerable T. H. Scott, Archdeacon of New South Walex. 
 
 Walter Scott, M. D. Stumfordham. 
 
 Mr. Frederick Scroope, Darlington. 
 
 Prideaux John Selby, Esq. Twizell House, 
 
 Alexander Seton, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 Joseph Sewell, Esq. 5"^. Anthony^s. 
 
 George Dalston Shaftoe, Esq. Buvintjton. 
 
 John Sheepshanks, Esq. Leeds, 3 copies. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Shield, Newcastle. 
 
 George Skipsey, Esq. Birtleij Htdl. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Small, Newcastle. 
 
 John Smart, Esq. Treudtt House. 
 
 Edward Smiles, Esq. Neivcastle. 
 
 Matthew Smillie, Esq. Lcith, 5 copies. 
 
 Rev. John Smith, M. A. Vicar of Newcastle, 2 copies. 
 
 Rev. John Smith, Hull. 
 
 Thomas Smith, Esq. and Alderman, Newcastle. 
 
 William Smith, Jun. Esq. Haughton Castle. 
 
 Rev. J. Hall Smyth, B. D. Liverpool. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Snaith, Newcastle. 
 
 Charles Snart, Esq. Newark. 
 
 Benjamin Sorsbie, Esq. and Alderman, Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. S. Sotheby, Loiidon, 2 copies. 
 
 Robert Southey, Esq. LL. D. Poet Laureate. 
 
 Mr. C. F. Springmann, Newcastle. 
 
 George Waugh Stable, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 John Stanton, Esq. Benwell. 
 
 Mr. Philip Holmes Stanton, Newcastle. 
 
 John Steavenson, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. John Straker, North Shields. 
 
 Edward B. Sugden, Esq. King's Counsel, London. 
 
 W^illiam Surtees, Esq. Montagu-Square, London. 
 
 Aubone Surtees, Esq. and Alderman, Newcastle. 
 
 Anthony Surtees, Esq. Hamsterley Hall.
 
 APPROPRIATION OI' COPIES. XXXV 
 
 Robert Surtees, Esq. Muinsforth, 2 copies. 
 
 T. C. Swanstou, Esq. Barrister at Law, London. 
 
 Daniel Sykes, Esq. M. P. Itaj/icell. 
 
 Mr. Jolin Sykes, Newcastle, 3 copies. 
 
 T. 
 
 George Watson Taylor, Esq. M. P. Eaiistoke Park. 
 
 Hugh Taylor, Esq. Earsdon. 
 
 George Taylor, Esq. Wittou-le-lVear. 
 
 William Taylor, Esq. Hendoii Grange. 
 
 Edward Tewart, Esq. Southgate. 
 
 Benjamin Thompson, Esq. Atjton Cottage. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Thompson, Newcastle, 2 copies. 
 
 Mr. Robert Thompson, Newcastle. 
 
 Samuel Thompson, Esq. North Shields. 
 
 Rev. Charles Thorp, B. D. Rector of Ri/fon. 
 
 Robert Thorp, Esq. Clerk of the Peace, Northiwiherland, 2 copies. 
 
 Mr, Thomas Thorpe, London, 12 copies. 
 
 Rev. E. S. Thurlow, Rector of Houghton-le- Spring. 
 
 Mr. John Tliwaites, Durham. 
 
 Mr. Thomas H. Tilt, London. 
 
 N. C. Tindal, Esq. M. P. King's Counsel. 
 
 John Tinley, Esq. North Shields. 
 
 Rev. Henry J. Todd, M. A. F. S. A. Settrington. 
 
 Messrs. John and George Todd, York, 3 copies. 
 
 Ralegh Trevelyan, Esq. Nether Jt'itioii. 
 
 W^alter Calverley Trevelyan, Esq. Wullington. 
 
 Mr. Robert Triphook, London, 12 copies. 
 
 John Trotter, Esq. Hallgarth. 
 
 Rev. William Turner, Newcastle. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Turner, Blagdon. 
 
 Dawson Turner, Esq. F. R. A. h L. S. Yarmmith. 
 
 Sharon Turner, Esq. F. S. A. London. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Turner, London. 
 
 U. 
 
 William Upcott, Es(i. London.
 
 APPROPIATION OF COPIES, 
 
 W. 
 
 The Very Rev. R. D. Waddilove, D. D. F. S. A., Dean of Itipon. 
 
 Thomas Wailes, Esq. Newcastle, 2 copies. 
 
 John Waldie, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 John Walker, Esq. Benwell. 
 
 John Ward, Esq. Durham. 
 
 John Watson, Esq. Willi-nyton, 2 copies. 
 
 Mr. William Watson, Liverpool. 
 
 Mr. George Watson, Gateshead, 2 copies. 
 
 Charles N. Wawn, Esq. A^ewcastle. 
 
 Geoi'ge Weatherby, Esq. Tynemouth. 
 
 Mr. Charles Weatherley, Low Willington, 
 
 Roger Wilbraham, Esq. F. R. & A. S. I^ondon. 
 
 John Allan Wilkie, Esq. Lemington, 4 copies. 
 
 Thomas Wilkinson, Esq. Town Clerk, Durham. 
 
 J. J. Wilkinson, Esq. Temple, London. 
 
 John Williams, Esq. M. P. Barrister at Law. 
 
 Robert Hopper Williamson, Esq. Recorder of Newcastle, 2 copies. 
 
 Rev. William Wilson, Rector of Wolsingham. 
 
 Richard Wilson, Esq. V. P. Soc. Arts & F. S. A. London. 
 
 ]VIr. William Wilson, Newcastle. 
 
 Nathaniel John Winch, Esq. F. L. S. Newcastle, 
 
 Rev. Thomas Cave Winscom, Warkworth Rector;/. 
 
 John Wood, Esq. Beadnell. 
 
 Mr. Nicholas Wood, KUlingworth. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Woodman, Morpeth. 
 
 The Venerable Archdeacon Wrangham, M. A. F. R. S. 
 
 The Right Worshipful William Wright, Esq. Mayor of Newcastle, 
 
 James A. Wright, Esq. Grunge. 
 
 Stephen Wright, Esq. North Shields. 
 
 W. Wright, Esq. Stone Buildings, Lincoln s Inn. 
 
 Air. Mattliew Young, London.
 
 (glossary 
 
 NORTH COUNTRY WORDS 
 
 IN USE. 
 
 A. 
 
 A. It is a striking provincial peculiarity tenaciously to retain 
 this letter in most of the words in which modern English 
 substitutes o, as ain, own, bane, bone, &c. ; and in those 
 ending m 1 1, the two last letters are generally omitted as 
 a' for all, cd! for call, &c. 
 
 Aac, Aik, Yak, Yeck, the oak. Sax. ac, aec. Su.-Got. e/c 
 Germ, eicfie. Dut. and Isl. eik. 
 
 Aback, behind. Isl. a-ba/c, backward. 
 
 Ablins, perhaps, possibly. V. Tooke and Bouch. 
 
 Aboon, Abuin, above. V. Jun. and Bouch. 
 
 Abraid, or Brade, to rise on the stomach with a degree of 
 nausea ; applied to articles of diet, which prove disagreeable 
 to the taste, or difficult of digestion. 
 
 Abrede, in breadth. Sax. abred-an, to lengthen. 
 
 Abstract, to take away by stealth. — Borders. 
 
 Agkern, an acorn. Isl. a/cam. 
 
 B
 
 2 ACRE 
 
 AcKERSPRiT, the premature sprouting of a potatoe, the germi- 
 nation of grain. V. Skin, Jam. and Wilb. 
 
 Acre-dale Lands, common fields in which different proprie- 
 tors hold portions of greater or less quantities ; from acre, 
 a word common to almost every language, and Sax. dcBlan, 
 to divide. In ancient times an acre did not signify any de- 
 terminate quantity ; and when at length it came to mean a 
 specific part, the measure still varied, until it was fixed by 
 statute. 
 
 Adder-stones, perforated stones, imagined by the viilgar to be 
 made by the sting of an adder. They ai'e suspended in 
 stables as a charm. 
 
 Addiwissen, had I known it. An expression nearly obsolete, 
 though still retained by some old persons. It appears to 
 have been formed on that jjoor excuse, to which silly people 
 are apt to have recourse, when, for want of thought, they 
 have fallen into a difficulty : /lad I tvist, or f/ad I wissen 
 (and in the pronunciation it is as one word, addiwissen), I 
 would not have done so and so. The phrase is of consi- 
 derable antiquity, occurring in Gascoigne's Hermits Tale, in 
 Gower, and in Holinshed. 
 
 Addle, Eddle, v. to earn by labom\ — Addlings, s. labom*- 
 ers's wages. Sax. edlean, recompense, or requital. Dif- 
 ferent both in import and source from — Addled, a. de- 
 cayed, impaired, rotten ; as, " addle headed," " addled 
 eggs," Sax. adlean, to be sick or languid. 
 
 Adge, adz, an addice. 
 
 Ae, Ea, Yea, one, one of several, each. Aewaas, always. 
 Ac lad frae out below the ha' 
 Ees jMeggie wi' a glai«;e. — Rooi Fair. 
 
 AFEAR'i>, afraid. This word is repeatedly used by Shaka[)eare,
 
 AIRT 3 
 
 in several of his plays, and I don't renienil^er that afraid 
 
 occurs more than once. Pure Sax. 
 Aft, behind. The dictionaries call this a sea term, but it is in 
 
 common use on the banks of the Tyne, and occasionally in 
 
 other places, in the sense here given, without any relation 
 
 to nautical subjects. Pure Sax. 
 Ag, to cut with a stroke, adopted from Sc. hag, to hew, syno- 
 
 nimous with hack. 
 Agate. Dr. Johnson says, " on the way, agoing," but it also 
 
 means, as well a person recovered from a sick bed, as one 
 
 who is employed in doing any thing. 
 Age, v. to grow old, as he ages, he begins to age. Old. 
 Agean, against. Old English, agen, 
 Agee, Ajee, Agye, awry, uneven. " Let ne'er a new whim 
 
 ding thy fancy ajee." — A. Ramsay. Across, "it went 
 
 all agee." — Ajar, applied to a door a little open. Burns 
 
 uses agley, for vvrong. 
 
 The best laid schemes o'mice and men 
 Gang aft a-gky. 
 Agin, as if. 
 Agog, eager, desirous. " He's quite agog for it." Etymology 
 
 uncertain. 
 Ahint, behind. " To ride a hint." Sax. a-liindan. 
 Aigre, sour. Fr. aigre, hence Ale-aigre, Alegar, som- ale 
 
 used as vinegar. West, allekar, 
 AiRD. This word as applied to the name of a place means 
 
 high, as Airdley in Hexhamshire. Br. aird, height. Gael. 
 
 and Ir. ard, nn'ghty, great and noble. It is also used to 
 
 describe the quality of a place or field, in which sense it 
 
 means dry, parched, from Lat. aridus, hence arid. 
 Airth, Arf, fearful. " He was airth to do it" — " he's arfish," 
 
 i. e. afraid. " An airthful night" — a fearful night. Sax. 
 
 yrhth, fear.
 
 AITH 
 
 
 AiTH, an oath. Moes.-Got. and Sc. 
 
 Aits, Yaits, Yetts, oats. Sax. ata, ate. 
 
 AiXES, Axes, a fit or paroxysm of an ague. Used by several 
 
 old writers. Fr. accez, accez defievre. 
 Alantem, at a distance. Ital. da lontano. Fr. lointain. 
 Ale, a merry meeting, a rural feast. Bride-ale, and church- 
 
 ale are of frequent occurrence in old documents. 
 
 And their authorities at wakes and Ales, 
 
 With country precedents, and old wives' tales — Ben. Jan. 
 
 Algates, an old word synonimous with always, or all manner 
 of ways, and compounded of all and gates, which in the 
 North denote ways. Not obsolete as stated in Todd's 
 Johnson. 
 
 All-a-Bits, all in pieces, in rags. 
 
 All-along-of, All-along-on, sometunes pronounced Aw- 
 LUNG, entirely owing to. Used by Skelton, Ben. Jonson, 
 and others ; and may be referred to Sax. ge-langan. 
 
 Allar. See Eller. 
 
 Alley, the conclusion of a game at foot-ball, when the ball has 
 passed the boundary.— Z)«r. Fr. aller. Also a superior sort 
 of marble, made from alabaster. In later times the potteries 
 in the neighboiu-hood of Newcastle have made an imitation 
 from white clay, termed Pol-alleys, but which are not es- 
 teemed any way equal. 
 
 All-hallows, All Saint's day (1st Nov.). It is remarkable, 
 that, whilst the old Popish names, for the other fasts and 
 festivals, such as Christmas, Candlemas, &c. ai'C generally 
 retained throughout England, the northern counties alone 
 continue the use of the ancient name for the festival of All- 
 Saints. See Halle E'en. 
 
 Always, however, nevertheless. Its use in this sense is com- 
 mon in the North, and also in Scotland.
 
 
 ANEN 
 
 ALt-MPtHE-WELL, a juvenile game in Newcastle and the neigh- 
 bourhood. A circle is made about eight inches in diameter, 
 termed the well, in the centre of which is placed a wooden 
 peg, four inches long, with a button balanced on the top. 
 Those desirous of playing give buttons, marbles, or any 
 thing else according to agreement, for the privilege of 
 throwing a short stick, with which they are furnished, at the 
 peg. Should the button fly out of the ring, the player is 
 entitled to double the stipulated value of what he gives for 
 the stick. The game is also practised at the Newcastle 
 races and other places of amusement in the North, with 
 three pegs, which are put into three circular holes, made 
 in the ground, about two feet apai't, and forming a triangle. 
 In this case each hole contains a peg, about nine inches 
 long, upon which are deposited, either a small knife or 
 some copper. The person playing gives so much for each 
 stick, and gets all the articles that are thrown oflT so as to 
 fall on the outside of the holes. 
 
 A-MANY, a great number. 
 
 Ambry, or Aumry, a cupboard, pantry, or place where victuals 
 are kept. Old Fr. ainmdre. 
 
 Ameix, between or among. Sw. cmellan. Dan. hnellem. 
 
 Anan, Nan, Non, sir ! what ? what do you say ? Commonly 
 used as an answer to questions not understood, or distinct- 
 ly heard. Perhaps from a repetition of Fr, aim, noticed by 
 Le Roux as, " Sorte d'interjection interrogative, commune 
 aux petites gens, et fort incivile parmi des personnes 
 polies." 
 
 Anchor, the chape of a buckle, i. e. the part by which it is 
 fastened. Fr. ancre, Lat. anchora. 
 
 Anclet, Ancleth, Ancliff, the ankle. Sax. ancleow. 
 
 Anenst, against, towards, opposite. Used by Chaucer and 
 Ben. Jonson.
 
 # 
 
 6 ATsGN 
 
 Ang-nails, corns in the {eel.—Cuinb, 
 
 Angs, ft urns, the beard of barley or wheat. Su.-Got. agn.'tj^M^ 
 
 Anters, Aunters, needless scruples, mischances or misadveii^-l^ ^ 
 
 tnres. Anters, inanterx, ennanters, are also used for, in"' 
 
 case, lest, it may be. Dut. anders. 
 Antre, a cave or den. Lat. antrum. 
 
 Of antars vast, and desarts idle.— 5//(rA-. Othello. 
 
 Antrims, Tantrums, affected airs or whims, freaks, odd fan- 
 cies, maggots, 
 
 Arder, fallow quarter, similar to aither, a course of ploughing 
 in rotation. 
 
 Ark, a large chest. The original and etymological sense. 
 Same in Su.-Got. Dan. Gael, and Dut. 
 
 Arles, Earles, Arns, Alls, or Yearles, money given 
 in confirmation of a bargain, or by way of earnest for 
 service to be performed. jVIr. Boucher seems to consider 
 Aries to be the last and almost expiring remains, in our 
 language, ot a word of very remote antiquity, that was once 
 in general use, which the Romans abbreviated into arra, 
 and which the Latins in the middle ages changed into 
 arrha. It denoted an earnest or pledge in general, and 
 was often used to signify an espousal present or gift from 
 the man to the woman on their entering into an engage- 
 ment to marry. This, as we learn from Pliny, was a ring 
 of iron, the ancient Romans being long prohibited from 
 wearing rings of any other metal. The giving of arles for 
 confirming a bai'gain is still very common in all the north- 
 ern counties. It is an old custom, still kept up, for the 
 buyer and seller to drink together on these occasions, 
 without which the engagement would hardly be considered 
 valid. Gael, iarlics. Welsh, ernes.
 
 j/m ASS 7 
 
 Arnut, Awnut, Jurnut, Yernut, a pig-nut, or earth-chesnut. 
 Sax. eard-nuf. Dut. aarde-noot. 
 
 Arr, a mark or scar ; hence Pock-arrs, a common phrase for 
 those marks on the face left by the small-pox. Su.-Got. 
 aerr. Isl. aer. Dan. ar. 
 
 Arsie-varsie, Arsey-warsev, topsy-turvy. Etymology ob- 
 vious. 
 
 All things run arsie-varsie. — Bmt. Jon. 
 
 Art, quarter of the Heavens, a part of the country. Genu. 
 ort, a place — die vier orte, the four quarters. Gael, curd, a 
 cardinal point. 
 
 Arvel-supper, a funeral feast given to the friends of the de- 
 ceased, at which a particidar kind of loaf, called arvel-bread, 
 is sometimes distributed among the poor. The practice of 
 serving up collations at funerals appears to have been bor- 
 rowed from the ccena fcralis of the Romans, alluded to in 
 Juvenal (Sat. V.), and in the laws of the twelve tables. It 
 consisted of an offering of milk, honey, wine, &c. to the 
 ghost of the depai'ted. In the case of heroes and other 
 illustrious men the same custom seems to have prevailed 
 among the Greeks. With us, it was anciently a solenm 
 festival made at the time of publicly exposing the corpse, 
 to exculpate the heir, and those entitled to the effects, 
 from fines and mulcts, and from all accusations of having 
 used violence. Welsh, arwyl, funeral obsequies. 
 Ass, Esse, ashes. Sax. asce. Germ, aschc. Isl. aska. Dan. 
 aske. — Ass-HOLE, a place for receiving ashes. — Ass-manner, 
 manure of ashes. — Ass-midden, a heap of ashes. — Ass- 
 RiDDLiN, the riddling or sifting of the ashes on the hearth, 
 on the eve of St. Mark. The superstitious notion is, that, 
 should any of the family die within the year, tiie shoe will 
 he impressed on the ashes.
 
 8 ASSI 
 
 AssiL-TREE, axle-tree. So invariably pronounced. 
 Gael, aisil. Ital. assile. 
 
 AssiL, or Axle Tooth, a grinder — situated near the axis 
 the jaw. ls\. Jaxlar, dentes molares, maxillares. 
 
 Ask, Asker, Esk, a water newt, a kind of lizard, believed, 
 without foundation, to be venomous. Gael. asc. 
 
 AsTiTE, AsTY, rather, as soon as, sooner, literally as tide. 
 Sax. and Isl. tid. 
 
 Attercop, North, and Dur. ; Attercob, Cumb. a spider's 
 web. Sax. after, poison and coppe, a cup ; receiving its 
 denomination, according to Dr. Jamieson, partly from its 
 form and partly from its character — a cup of venom. The 
 word is occasionally used to denote the spider itself; and 
 a female of a virulent or malignant disposition is sometimes 
 degraded with the appellation of an attercap. 
 
 Audfarant, Audfashint, grave, sagacious, ingenious. Chil- 
 dren are said to be audfarant when they are wiser or more 
 witty than those of their age usually are. Dut. ervaren. 
 Dan. erfaren, experienced. 
 
 Auk, a stupid or clumsy person. From old Got. auk, a beast, 
 or it may be from the northern sea birds called auh, of 
 proverbial stupidity. 
 
 AuLD, AuD, old. Sax. eald. 
 
 Then take auld cloak about thee. — Shak. Othello. 
 
 AuLD-LANG-svNE, a favourite phrase in the North, by which old 
 persons express then* recollection of former kindnesses, 
 and juvenile enjoyments in times long since past ; rendered 
 immortal by the beautiful Scotch song. 
 
 Should auld acquaintance be forgot. 
 
 AuM, the elm. Old Fr. oulme. Allum is also, in some places, 
 pronounced aum. Br. a///?.
 
 ^^ AWN 9 
 
 Aun'd, ordained, fated. " I'm aun'd to this luck." 
 
 Aunts. " One of my aunts" is, in Newcastle, a designation 
 for a lady of more complaisance than virtue. Shakspeare 
 and other play writers use the tern). 
 
 Aup, a wayward child. Ape, 
 
 AuTER, altar. Many of our old authors write auter, or awter. 
 The high altar — a term still retained in Curnb. where it is 
 pronounced as one word heeautre — was so called to distin- 
 guish it from the Saint's altars, of which there were several 
 in most churches. Old Fr. auter. 
 
 AuwARDS. A beast is said to be auwards when it lies back- 
 ward or downhill, so as to be unable to rise. Sheep, heavy 
 in the wool, are often found so, in which case they soon 
 swell and die, if not extricated. Sax. cewerd, perversus, 
 aversus. 
 
 Aver, an old worn out cart horse. V. Spelman, (tffri, nffra, 
 and Du Cange, averia. Nearly obsolete. 
 
 AvERiSH, average, the stubble and grass left in corn fields after 
 harvest, winter eatage. Fr. hiver, and Eng. eatage. But 
 see Ray. 
 
 Aw, the pronunciation of I. Maw, my. Aws, I am. 
 
 Axv was up and down, seekin for tnaw hinny. 
 Aw was thro' the town, seekin for maw bairn. 
 
 Song, Maw Canny Ilhinij. 
 
 Fareweel, fareweel, www comely pet ! 
 
 Aw^s fourc'd three weeks to leave thee ; 
 Aw^s doon for parm'ent dut}" set, 
 
 O dinna let it grieve thee ! — Song, Bob Cranky s Atllen. 
 
 Aw-MACKS, all makes, all sorts. V. Bouch. 
 Awn, own, to visit. " You never awn us now," i. e. yon never 
 « visit, or call on us. 
 
 c
 
 10 AX 
 
 Ax, to ask. This, now vulgar, word is the original Saxon 
 form, and is used by Chaucer, Bale, Heywood, and Ben. 
 Jonson. 
 
 Aye, always, continually. An old word said in Todd's John, 
 to be now rarely used, and only in poetry. For colloquial 
 purposes, however, it is frequently made use of in many 
 parts of the North. 
 
 Ayont, beyond. " Ayont the hill." Sax. a-geont. 
 
 A vou A HiNNY, a northern nurse's lullaby. V, Brand's Pop. 
 Ant. 8vo. 1810, p. 204, and Bell's Northern Rhymes, p. 
 
 296. 
 
 There's Sandgate for aud rags, 
 
 A you, hlnny htrtl ; 
 N And Gallowgate for trolly bags, 
 
 A you a. 
 
 Song, A you a, hinny burd. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babblement, silly discourse. From Heb. Babel, confusion of 
 tongues. 
 
 Bachelor's button, a well known flower, resembling a but- 
 ton, and possessing a magical eflect on the fortunes of 
 rustic lovers. See Grey's Shak. v. l, p. 107. 
 
 Back-by, behind, a little way distant. 
 
 Back-end, the autumnal part, or latter end, of the year. Origin 
 obvious. 
 
 Backstone, a heated stone or iron for baking cakes. 
 
 Backy, tobacco. Backy-fob, a tobacco pouch. 
 
 Come, dinna, dinna whinge and whipe, 
 
 Like yammering Isbel Jlackey ; 
 Cheer vip, maw hinny ! leet thee pipe. 
 
 And tyek a blast o' lacky ! 
 
 Song, Bob Crunky''d Adku.
 
 BANG 1 1 
 
 Badger, a cadger or pedlar ; but originally a person who pur- 
 chased grain at one market and took it on horseback to 
 sell at another. Before the roads in the North were pass- 
 able for waggons and carts, this trade of badgering was 
 very extensive. 
 
 Bad, badly, sick, ill. Sadly badly, very much indisposed. — 
 Badling, a worthless person ; a bad one. Sax. bcedling, 
 homo delicatus. 
 
 Bag, udder. Isl. baggi, onus, sarcina. 
 
 Bail, bale, a beacon or signal, a bon-fire. — Bail or Bale- 
 hills, hillocks on the moors where fires have been. Isl. 
 bal, pyra. See Crav. Gloss. Baal-hills. 
 
 Bain, near, ready, easy. A bainer way, a neai'er way. Isl. 
 behin, rectus. 
 
 Bairns, chilch-en. Sax. beam. Moe.-Got. barn, a child. 
 Written by old English writers beam, beanie. " They say 
 beams are blessings." — S/iak. AlP.i Well; and in the Win- 
 ter's Tale, when the shepherd finds Perdita, he exclaims, 
 " mercy on's a beanie .' a very pretty beanie.^'' — Bairnish, 
 childish. — Bairn-teaji, lota of balms. Sax. beam-team, 
 liberorum sobolis procreatio. — Bairns' -play, the sport of 
 children, any sort of trifling. 
 
 Baist, or baste, to beat severely. Isl. bei/sti, a hard stroke. 
 
 Ballerag, bullerag, to banter, to rally in a contemptuous 
 way. The Crav. Gloss, has btdlokin, imperious. 
 
 Ba ! LOU ! a nurse's lullaby. Fr. bas. Id Ic loup, be still, the 
 wolf is coming. 
 
 Ban-fire, bon-fire, a fire kindled on the heights at appointed 
 places in times of rejoicing. Notwithstanding what Mr. 
 Todd has alleged as to the primitive meaning of the word, 
 I am of opinion that iowe-fire is a corruption. See Bail. 
 
 Bang, v. to thump, to handle roughly. " He bangs his wife."
 
 12 BANG 
 
 Isl, hanga. It also means to excel. " Wallington bangs 
 them a'." 
 
 Our parson says, " we bang'd them still, 
 
 " And hang them still, we mun man, 
 " For he desarves a coward's deeth, 
 
 " That frae them e'er wad run man." 
 
 Ciimh. Balhi(J. 
 AVor pockets lin'd wiv notes an' cash, 
 Amang the cheps we'll cut a dash : 
 
 For XYZ, that bonny steed, 
 
 lie Imiigs them a' for pith and speed. 
 
 He's sure to win the cup, man — Song, X. V. Z 
 
 Bang, .v. a leap, a severe blow. Bi a bang, suddenly. 
 
 Banging, large and jolly, as a banging wench ; or sijnply of 
 great size when compared with things of the same kind, as 
 a banging trout. Any thing large in proportion to the rest 
 of its species is also called a banger. 
 
 Bannock, a thick cake of oaten or barley meal kneaded \\ ith 
 water ; originally baked in the embers and toasted over 
 again on a girdle when used. Gael, bonnack, a cake ; or 
 it may be from Isl. baun, a bean, such cakes having for- 
 merly been made of bean meal. V. Ray. 
 
 Bargh, berg, a hill, or steep way. Su.-Got. berg, mons. V. 
 Ihre. 
 
 Bar-guest, a local spirit or demon, haunting populous places, 
 and accustomed to howl dreadfully at midnight, before any 
 dire calamity. Perhaps from Dut. berg, a hill, and geesf, 
 a ghost. Grose, however, describes it as " a ghost all in 
 white, with large saucer eyes, commonly appearing near 
 gates or stiles, there called bars. Yurksh. Derived from 
 bar and gheist." 
 
 Bark, a box for holding candle ends.
 
 BAUK 1:5 
 
 Barked, barkened, covered with dii-t like l)aik. Dirt, S:c. 
 
 hardened on the skin or hair. 
 Barkhaam, a horse's collai', formerly made of bark. See 
 
 Braftlini. 
 Barley, to bespeak or claun. " Bai'ley me that" — I bespeak 
 
 that — let me have that. Similar to Cheshire hallow. V. 
 
 Wilb. 
 Barrel-fever, an illness occasioned l)y intemperate drinking. 
 Bass, bast, matting. Isl. bast, philyra. Bass, is also the 
 
 name of a hassock to kneel upon at church. 
 Bat, a blow or stroke ; in some places a stick. Fr. battrc, 
 
 to beat. Last-batt, a play among children. 
 
 I'll try whether your costard or my hat be the harder. 
 
 Shell;. Liar. 
 
 Bat, also means state or condition ; " at the same bat," sig- 
 nifying in the same manner ; " at the old bat," as formerly. 
 Batten, to feed, to bring up, to thrive. 
 
 Could you on this fair mountain leave to feed, and 
 lattcH on this moor Shak. Hamlet. 
 
 " The wife a good church going and a battening to the 
 bairn" is a toast at christenings. 
 
 Battin, the straw of two sheaves folded together. 
 
 Battom, a board generally of narrow dunensions, but the full 
 breadth of the tree it is sawn from. 
 
 Batts, flat grounds adjoining islands in rivers, sometimes used 
 for the islands themselves. 
 
 Bauk, balk, a beam or dormant. Dut. balk. Welsh, bale. 
 Balked, disappointed or prevented, as if a beam were in the 
 way. " To be throivn our€ balk" is, in the west riding of 
 Yorkshire, to be published in the chiu-ch. " To hing ourt' 
 balk," is marriage deferred after publication. Before the
 
 14 BAUK 
 
 reformation the laity sat exclusively in the nave of the 
 church. The balk here appears to be the rood beam, which 
 sepai'ated the nave from the chancel. The expression 
 would therefore seem to mean, to be helped into the choir, 
 where the marriage ceremony was performed. V. Crav. 
 Gloss. 
 
 Bauks, the grass ridges dividing ploughed lands, properly 
 those in common fields. Also a place above a cow-house, 
 where the beams are covered with wattles and turf, and 
 not boarded. — A hen-roost or hay-loft ; supposed by Mi-. 
 WUbraham from its being divided into different compart- 
 ments by balks or beams ; bal/c in the northern languages 
 signifying a separation or division. 
 
 Bay, to bend. Sax. hygun. 
 
 Beaker, a tumbler. Germ, becher, a cup. It also means any 
 thing large. 
 
 Beakment or Beatmext, a measure of about a quarter of a 
 peck. Kewc. 
 
 Eeal, to roar or cry. Teut. bellen, to bellow. 
 
 Beastlings, the milk of the cow shortly after calving, and of a 
 peculiar nature fitted for the first food of the calf. Proba- 
 bly, therefore, the calf's, that is, the little beast's or beast- 
 ling's. — Dut. biest. 
 
 Beastling-pudding, a pudding made of this milk, and a favou- 
 rite dish with many people. 
 
 Beck, v. to nod the head ; properly to curtzy by a female, as 
 contradistinguished from bowing in the other sex. Isl. 
 beiga. Germ, beigen, to bow. A horse it said to bec^i, 
 when its legs are weak. 
 
 Beck, s. a mountain stream or small rivulet. Common to all 
 northern dialects. Sec Burn. 
 
 Beeas, Beess, cows, cattle. Beasts.
 
 BIGG 15 
 
 Bee-bike, a bee's nest or hive in a wild state. Tent, hie-hnck, 
 bie-buyek, apiarium. 
 
 Beeld, shelter; hence Beelding, a place of shelter for cattle, or 
 any covered habitation. Isl. boele^ domicilium. 
 
 Beet, to help or assist, to supply the gi'adual waste of any thing. 
 Isl. betra. Dut. boeten, to mend. To beet the fire, is 
 to feed it with fuel. The word in this latter sense is most 
 applicable to straw, heath, fern, fui-ze, and especially to the 
 husk of oats, when used for heating girdles on which oaten 
 cakes are baked. Teut. boeten het vier, struere igneni. 
 
 Beet-need, assistance in distress. Sax. betan, to restore. 
 
 Beezen, blind. Sec Todd's John, b'lsson. 
 
 Belive, anon, by and by, quickly. An old word used by 
 Chaucer, Spenser, and other early poets. Sax. belif-an. 
 
 Belk, to belch. The old mode of writing it. 
 
 BELLY-GO-LAKE-THEE,take your fill, satisfy your appetite. — York. 
 
 Belly-wark, the gripes or colick. Ache is pronounced wark, 
 as \ie?i&-ivark, tooXh-wark. 
 
 Bensel, to beat or bang. Teut. benghe/en. 
 
 Bext, a long kind of grass which grows in Northumberland, 
 near the sea, and is used for thatch. Dr. Willan has Bents, 
 high pastures or shelving commons, hence he says, bent- 
 grass, which from the soil is necessarily harsh and coarse. 
 
 Berry, to thrash corn. Berrier, a thrasher. 
 
 Be-twattled, confounded, stupiiied, infatuated. 
 
 Bevel, a violent push or stroke. 
 
 Bicker, v. to clatter, to quaiTcl. A very old word for skirmish. 
 
 Bicker, .1. a small wooden dish, made of staves and hoops like 
 a tub. 
 
 Big, to build. Isl. bi/ggi. 
 
 Bigg, a particular kind of barley, properly that variety which 
 has four rows of grain on each ear, sometimes called bcai-. 
 Isl. bt/gg, barley. Su.-Got. biug. Dan. byg.
 
 16 BIGG 
 
 BiGGEX, to recover after an accouchement. The gossips regu- 
 larly wish the lady a good fnggening. 
 
 Biggin, a building, properly a house larger than a cottage, but 
 now generally used for a hut covered with mud or turf. 
 
 BiLDER, a wooden mallet with a long handle, used in husban- 
 dry for breaking clods. Hence, observes the author of the 
 Craven Glossary, balderdash, may with propriety be called 
 dirt spread by the bilder, alias bUderdasJier. This etjTuon 
 is certainly as happy as that of Mr. Malone — the froth or 
 foam made by the barbers in dashing theii- halls backwards 
 and forwards in hot v/ater. See, however. Blather. 
 
 BiNK, a seat in the front of a house made of stones or sods. 
 Sax. bene. Dan. bcenk. 
 
 BiRK, the birch tree. Tent, berck. 
 
 Bishop's foot. When any thing has been burnt to the pan 
 in boiling, or is spoiled in cooking, it is common to say, " the 
 Bishop has set his foot in it." The author of the Crav. 
 Gloss, under bishnpped, says, " pottage burnt at the bottom 
 of the pan. ' Bishop's i' th' pot,' may it not be derived 
 from Bishop Burnet ?" That is impossible, the sajing 
 having been in use long before the Bishop was born ! It 
 occurs in Tusser's " Points of Husbandry," a well known 
 book ; and also in Tyndale's " Obedyence of a Chrysten 
 Man," printed in 1.5:28. The last writer, p. 10.9, says, 
 " when a thynge speadeth not well we borowe speach and 
 say the byshope hath blessed it, because that nothynge 
 speadeth well that they medyll withall. If the podech be 
 burned to, or the meate over rosted, we say the byshope has 
 put hisfote in the potte, or the byshope hath played the coke, 
 because the byshopes burn who they lust and whosoever 
 displeaseth them." I am well aware of what Dr. Jamieson, 
 Grose, and other writers have stated on the subject, but I 
 think this allusion to the episco])al disposition to burn here-
 
 BLAK 17 
 
 tics, in a certain reign, presents the most satisfactory expla- 
 nation that can be offered as to tiie origin of the phrase. 
 BiTTLE, a mallet to beat grain out of gleanings. From beetle. 
 BizoN, shame or scandal ; a shew or spectacle of disgrace. In 
 unguai'ded moments when the good women in certain districts 
 of Newcastle, give way to acts of termagancy more congenial 
 to Wapping or Billingsgate, it is common to fuhninate the 
 object of their resentment with a " Holy Bizon," obviously 
 in allusion to the penitential act of standing in a white 
 sheet, which scandalous delinquents are sometimes enjoined 
 to perform in the church before the whole congregation. 
 Wiv a' the stravaigin aw wanted a munch, 
 
 An' maw thropple was ready to gizen ; 
 So aw went tiv a yell-house, and there teuk a lunch. 
 But the reck'ning, me saul ! was a hizvn. 
 
 Song, Canny Nfuransd. 
 
 Black-a-viz'd, dark in complexion. A bhic/c-a-viz' d man or 
 
 woman. 
 Black-puddings. Puddings made of blood, suet, &c. stuffed 
 into the intestines of pigs or sheep, and a favourite dish 
 among the common people. " A nice het pudden, hinnie !" 
 " A nice fat pudden, ma hinnie !" — Neiucastle cries. 
 Through they were lin'd with many a piece 
 Of ammunition bread and cheese, 
 And fat Uack-pnddingis, proper food 
 For warriors that delight in blood — But. Hud'tb. 
 
 Blake, yellowish, or of a golden colour, spoken of butter, 
 cheese, &c. The yellow buntiiig (emberiza citrinella) is 
 also, in some places, called a blakeling. Isl. blar. Dut. 
 bleek, pale. 
 
 Blake autumn — Chaltcrton.
 
 18 BLAR 
 
 Blaring, crjing vehemently, roaring louJ, applied to peevish 
 children and vulgar drunken noise. Dut. blaren. 
 
 Slash, to throw dirt ; also to scatter, as the " water blashed all 
 over" Germ, platzen. 
 
 Blashment, weak and diluting liquor. 
 
 Blashy, tliin, poor, as blashy beer, &c. It also means wet and 
 dirty. Dr. Jam. has blush, a heavy fall of rain. 
 
 But aw fand maw sel blonk'd when to Lunnun aw gat, 
 
 The folks they a' luck'd wishy washy ; 
 For gowld ye may howk 'till ye're blind as a bat, 
 
 For their streets are like wors— brave and hlashy ! 
 
 Song, Canny Newcassel. 
 
 Blast, v. to blow up with gun-powder. Blast, s. an explo- 
 sion of foul air in a coal mine. 
 And oft a chilling damp or unctuous mist, 
 Loos'd from the crumbling caverns, issues forth, 
 Stopping the springs of life — Jago^s Edgchlll. 
 
 Blate, v. to bleat or bellow. Dryden uses blata)ii. 
 
 Blate, a. shy, bashful, timid. Su.-Got. Mode. " A toom 
 (empty) purse makes a blate merchant." — Scot. Prov. 
 
 Blather, to talk a great deal of nonsense. " He blathers and 
 talks," is a connnon phrase where much is said to little 
 pm'pose. A person of this kind is, by way of pre-eminence, 
 styled a blathering hash. One of my correspondents de- 
 rives the word from blatant, used by Spenser and others ; 
 another ingeniously suggests that it may be " from the 
 noise of an empty bladder ;" but it appears to me to be 
 either from Teut. blceteren, to talk foolishly, or Su.-Got. 
 bladdra, garru'e. Hence Blatheruash, Balderdash, the 
 discourse itself. See Bilder. 
 
 Blaze, to tiUie salmon by striking them with a tlu-ee pronged
 
 BLOW 19 
 
 and bai-bed dart, called a leister. I have often seen it prac- 
 tised in an evening, in the River Tees. In Craven, a torch 
 was made of the di-y bark of holly, besmeai-ed with pitch. 
 The water was so transparent that the smallest pebbles 
 were visible at the bottom. One man carried the torch 
 (when dark) either on foot or on horseback, while another, 
 advancing with him, struck the salmon on the red, the 
 place where the roe is deposited, with the leister. V. 
 Crav. Gloss, bloaz'mg. 
 
 Blea, a pale bluish colour, often applied to the discolouration 
 of the skin by a blow or contusion. It is also sometimes 
 used to denote a bad colour in linen, indicating the neces- 
 sity of bleaching. 
 
 Blea-berry, Blay-berry, the bilberry, or whortle berry. Isl. 
 blaber, vaccinium vulgare myrtillus. 
 
 Bleb, Blob, a drop of water or bubble ; a blister or rising of 
 the skin. 
 
 Blee, colour, complexion. An old word, not obsolete, as 
 stated in Todd's Johnson. 
 
 Bleed, to yield, applied to corn, which is said to " bleed well" 
 when on thrashing it happens to be very productive. 
 
 Blendings, peas and beans mixed together. 
 
 Blink, to smile, to look kindly, but with a modest eye, the 
 word being generally applied to females. Dan. blinke. 
 
 Blinkard, Blenkard, a person near sighted or almost blind. 
 A fighting cock with only one eye is termed a blenker. 
 
 Blirt, Blurt, to cry, to make a sudden indistinct or un- 
 pleasant noise. 
 
 Bloacher, any large animal. 
 
 Blousy, or Blowsy, wild, disordered, confused. Johnson has 
 blowzy, sun burnt, high coloured. 
 
 Blow, the blossom of fruit trees. Sax. blowan, to bloonL 
 The Crav. Gloss, has blume, blossom, from Germ, blunt.
 
 20 BLOW 
 
 Blown-milk, skimmed milk. I suppose from the custom of 
 
 blowing the cream off by the breath. 
 Blubber, " the part of a whale that contains the oil," Todd's 
 
 John. But it is the fat of whales. 
 Blue. To look blue, is to be disconcerted. 
 Bluffness, " surliness," Todd's John. Rather arrogance, or 
 
 a self-confident manner. 
 Blush, resemblance. He has a blush of his brother, i. e. he 
 
 bears a resemblance. 
 Blusteration, the noise of a braggart. Blustering. 
 Bob, to disappoint. Dry bob is an old word for a merry joke 
 
 or trick. 
 Boa, a bunch. Isl. bobbi, nodus. Fr. bube. 
 BoBBEROus, Bobbersome, elated, in high spirits. 
 BoBBV, smart, neat, tidy. 
 
 There was Sam, O zoons ! 
 AViv's pantaloons, 
 An' gravat up owre his gobby-o ; 
 An' Willy, thou, 
 AVi' the jacket blue. 
 Thou was the varry hobhy-o. 
 
 Song, Swalu-ell Hopping. 
 
 BoDVvoRD, an Ul-naturetl errand. An old word for an ominous 
 message. Su.-Got. and Isl. bodword, edictum, mandatiun. 
 
 Boggle, Boggle-bo, a spectre or ghost. Welsh, bugal, fear. 
 
 Boggle aiout the stacks, a favourite play among young people 
 in the villages, in which one hunts several others. For- 
 merly barley break. 
 
 She went abroad, thereby 
 A barley break her sweet, swift feet to try — Sidney, Arcadia. 
 
 Boiling. The whole boiling means the entire quantity or 
 whole party.
 
 BONN 2] 
 
 BoKE, Bt)UK, to nauseate so as to be ready to vomit, to belcli. 
 
 Perhaps from Sax. bealc-an. Jam. V. Ray. 
 Boll, Bole, the body or trunk of a tree. Su.-Got. bol. 
 Bo-RiAN, a hobgoblin or kidnapper, 
 
 I'll rather put on my flashing red nose, and my flam- 
 ing face, and come wrajiped in a calf's-skin, and 
 cry ho, bo ! — Robin Goodfcllow. 
 
 BoNDAGERs, cottagers obliged to work for farmers, when called 
 upon, at certain stipulated wages. 
 
 Bonny, beautiful, handsome, cheerful. Dr. Johnson derives 
 this word from Fr. ban, bonne, good ; but as it is so uni- 
 versally in use in the North, I have little doubt it came 
 originally from the Scotch. — Shakspeare appears to have 
 understood it in its different meanings. 
 
 We sav that Shore's wife hath a pj-etty foot, 
 
 A cherry lip, a honny eye, a passing pleasing tongue. 
 
 Match to match I have encountered him, 
 And made a prey for carrion kites and crows, 
 Kv'n of the loiniy beast he' lov'd so well. 
 
 'I'hen sigh not so but let them go, 
 
 And be you blithe and honiiy Sfiak.yiefirc. 
 
 () where is the boatman ? my bonny honey ! 
 
 O where is the boatman ? bring him to me — 
 To ferry me over the Tyne to my honey. 
 And I will remember the boatman and thee. 
 
 The Water of Tync. 
 Whe's like me Johnny 
 Sae leish, sae blythe, sae honny .' 
 He's foremost 'mang the mony 
 Keel lads o' coaly Tyne. 
 
 Song, The Krd How.
 
 22 BOOD 
 
 BooDiES or Babbv-boodies, broken pieces of earthen vv are or 
 glass, used by female children for decorating a play-house, 
 called a boody-house, made in imitation of an ornamented 
 cabinet. 
 
 Then on we went, as nice as owse, 
 Till nenst auM Lizzy Moody's ; 
 A whirlwind cam an' myed a' souse, 
 Like heaps o' babhy-boodies. 
 
 Song, Jemmy Jomson's Whurry. 
 
 Boon, a service or bonus, done by a tenant to his landlord, or 
 a sum of money as an equivalent. Boon-days are those 
 which the tenants are obliged to employ for the benefit of 
 their lord gratis. Vast quantities of land in the Northern 
 counties are held under lords of manors by customary 
 tenm-e, subject to the payment of fines and heriots, and the 
 performance of various duties and services on the boon 
 days. 
 
 Boor, Bour, the parlour, or inner room through the kitchen, 
 in which the head person of the family generally sleeps. 
 Isl. bouan, to dwell. Spenser uses bower, a lady's apart- 
 ment. Fair Rosamond's boiuer, at Woodstock, is familiar 
 to every reader. 
 
 BooRLY, boorish, rough, unpolished. Teut. boer, a boor. 
 
 Boose, Buess, Busk, an ox or cow stall ; properly the place 
 beside the stakes where the fodder lies. Sax. bosig. Isl. 
 bas. 
 
 Boot, something given to equalise an exchange. Old Fr. 
 bote. 
 
 Booted, or Bolted Bread, a loaf of sifted wheat meal, mixed 
 with rye ; better than the common household bread. V. 
 Skin. bolt. 
 
 Boother, Boulder, a hard flinty stone, rounded like a bowl.
 
 BOUK 23 
 
 BoRRowED-DAVS, the three last days of March. 
 March hnmnvit fra Averill 
 Three days and they were ill. 
 
 Gloss. Compl. Scotl. 
 These days being generally stormy, our forefathers, as 
 Dr. Jamieson remarks, have endeavoured to account for 
 this circumstance by pretending that March borrowed them 
 from April, that he might extend his power so much longer. 
 The superstitious will neither borrow nor lend on any of 
 these days, lest the articles should be employed for evil 
 purposes. 
 Botheration, plague, trouble, difficulty. From bother, to 
 
 perplex or puzzle. 
 BoTTOM-ROOM, a single seat in a pew. 
 Bought, a fold where ewes are put at milking time. Tent. 
 
 bocht. 
 Bouk, to wash linen, or rather to steep it or soak it in lye, 
 with a view of whitening and sweetening it. 
 
 Then the thread is sod and bleaked, and htitkcd and oft 
 layed to drieng, &c — Baithol. 302 h, I. 1 7, c. 97- 
 
 Buck is used by Shakspeare, as well for the liquor in 
 which clothes are washed as for the clothes themselves. 
 Every body remembers Falstaflf's ludicrous adventure in 
 the great buck-basket. The process of bonking Unen, 
 adopted by the older Northumbrian house-wives, woidd, 
 I fear, be considered too homely for their more Southern 
 neighbours to imitate, and therefore I refrain from particu- 
 larizing it. 
 BouK, Bowk, bulk, quantity, or size ; the body of a tree. Su.- 
 Got. bolk. Chaucer uses buuke, for the trunk of the hu- 
 man body, which Mr. Tyrwhitt sa}'s, is probably from Sax. 
 biice, venter.
 
 24 BOUN 
 
 BouN, to make ready, to prepare, to dress. Old Eng. boon, 
 
 boun, bowne. 
 BouRD, to jest. V. Todd's John. 
 
 Bout, a contest or struggle ; often applied to a jovial meeting 
 of the legitimate sons of Bacchus, where 
 The dry divan 
 Close in firm circle ; and set, ardent, in 
 For serious drinking Thomson. 
 
 BowDiKiTE, a contemptuous name for a mischievous child, an 
 insignificant or corpulent person. 
 
 Bowery, plump, buxom, and young ; applied to a female in 
 great health. 
 
 Box, a club or society instituted for benevolent or charitable 
 purposes. It is customary for the members to have an 
 annual dinner called the head-meeting day. The oldest 
 institution of this kind, I have been able to trace, is that of 
 the keelmen of Newcastle and the neighbourhood, who, on 
 this occasion, after assembling at their hospital, walk in 
 procession through the principal streets of the town, at- 
 tended by a band of nnisic, fiddles, &c. Much greater 
 interest was formerly taken in this business by the parties 
 concerned, who made it a point of honourable emulation to 
 rival each other in the grandeur of their apparel, especially 
 in the pea-jacket, the sky-blue stockings, the long-quartered 
 shoes, and large silver buckles. Cold was the heart of 
 that female, old or young, connected with the " Keel lads 
 o' coaly Tyne," who could look unmoved on such a spec- 
 tacle ; and if the fair ones did sometimes indulge in scenes 
 which I neither wish to describe nor see repeated, their 
 rencounters, generally commencing without any pre\'ious 
 malice, were rarely again remembered. 
 
 Box AND Dice. A game of hazard, formerly much practised
 
 BRAN 91 
 
 among the pitmen and keelmen at races, fairs, ami hop- 
 pings, but now very properly prohibited. The tri(c pro- 
 nunciation is box and dies. 
 
 Close by the stocks, his dice and ho.i, 
 
 He rattled away so rarely-o, 
 Both youth and age, did he engage. 
 Together they played so chearly-o. 
 
 Song, Wnthdon Hopphiv:. 
 
 Braad-ba\d, corn laid out in the field in band. 
 Brabblement, a quarrel or wrangling. Dut. brahhelen, to 
 mingle confusedly. 
 
 This petty hrahhlc will undo us all. — Shuk. Tit. Aiuh: 
 
 Brackens, or Breckens, fern. In Smoland, in Sweden, the 
 female fern is called braehen. Sw. Stotbraukin. In is a 
 termination in Gothic, denotmg the female gender. 
 
 Brade, to resemble. To brade of, from Su.-Got. braa, de- 
 notes a similarity characteristic of the same family. V. 
 Ihre. 
 
 Brae, Buoo, a bank or declivity, any broken sloping ground. 
 Gael, and Welsh, brc, a hill. 
 
 Braffam, Braugham, a collar for an husbandry horse, some- 
 times made of old stockings stuffed with straw. 
 
 Braid, Brade, to nauseate, to desire to vomit ; hence the 
 word iqjbraid. Braid is an old obsolete word for reproach. 
 
 Brake, a harrow for breaking large clods of earth. V. Nares' 
 Gloss, for other significations, &c. 
 
 Bran or Brand-new, quite new ; any thing fresh from the 
 makers hand. Often applied to clothes to denote the 
 shining glossy appearance given by passing a hot ii'on over 
 them. Dut. brand niexiw. Shak. uses "fire new arms," 
 and "fire new fortune."
 
 26 . BRAN 
 
 Branded, a mixtiue of red and black. Dut. branden. 
 
 Braxder, an iron over the fire. Dut. brander. 
 
 Brandling, a species of trout caught in the rivers in North- 
 umberland, where salmon is found, particularly in the Tyne. 
 Early in the year they are seen about thi'ee inches long, but 
 in the course of a few months increase to about six inches ; 
 after which, they are rarely found any larger. Like the 
 salmon-smelt and whitling, they have no spawn in them, 
 
 Brandreth, an iron tripod fixed over the fire, on which the 
 kettle, or any cooking utensils are placed. Sax. brandred, 
 a brand iron. 
 
 Brank, to hold up the head affectedly, to put a bridle or re- 
 straint on any thing. " A bridled ewe." This word gives 
 me an opportunity of mentioning another of kinch'ed im- 
 port, the Branks, an instrument kept in the Mayor's cham- 
 ber, of Newcastle, for the punishment of " chiding and 
 scolding women." It is made of ii'on, fastens round the 
 head like a muzzle, and has a spike to insert in the mouth 
 so as effectually to silence the offensive organ. Ungallant, 
 and unmercifully severe as this species of torture seems to 
 be. Dr. Plot much prefers it to the cucking stool, which, 
 he says, " not only endangers the health of the party, but 
 also gives the tongue liberty 'twixt every dipp." See an en- 
 engraving of Robert Shai'p, an officer of the Corporation, 
 leading Ann Bidlestone through the town, with a paii' of 
 branks on her head, in Gardiner's Englands Grievance dis- 
 covered, orig. edit. p. 110. 
 
 Brant, steep, difficult of ascent, as a brant brow, a steep hill. 
 It also means consequential, pompous in one's walk, as 
 " you seem very brant this morning," i. e. you put on all 
 your consequence. A game cock is said to be brant. Lof- 
 tiness appeal's to enter into all the meanings of the word. 
 Isl. brattr, acclivis, ai'duus, Sw. brant.
 
 BREM 27 
 
 Brash, or Water-brash, a sudden sickness, with acid rising 
 
 in the mouth, as in the heart-burn. V. Wachter, brasscn. 
 
 This word it also used in some places to denote twigs, and 
 
 as an adjective for impetuous, rash. 
 Brashy, delicate in constitution, subject to fi-equent bodily 
 
 indisposition. 
 Brass, money, riches, A wealthy person is said to have plenty 
 
 of brass. 
 
 The brass aw've getten at the race 
 
 Will buy a patch for Jacob's face — Song, X. Y. Z. 
 
 Brat, the film on the surface of some liquids, as on boiled milk 
 when cooled. Also a child's bib or coarse apron. Is it in 
 both these senses from Germ, breiten, to spread ? In the 
 latter it may come from Sax. bratt, which Johnson tran- 
 slates a blanket, when he notices it as a child in contempt. 
 
 Bratchet, a contemptuous epithet, generally applied to an ill 
 behaved child. Fr. Bratchet, a slow hound. 
 
 Brattle, to sound like thunder. — Brattle of " thunner" a 
 clap of thunder. 
 
 Braw, finely clothed, handsome, clever. Teut. braive, 
 adorned. 
 
 BRA^vLY, Bravely, very well, finely, in good health. Sw. 
 
 braf. 
 
 Brawm, a boar. 
 
 Her grace sits mumping 
 
 Like an old ape eating a brawm. 
 
 Beaum. ^ Flet. Mad Lover. 
 
 Bray, to crush or bruise, to pound in a mortar. Fr. braier. 
 
 Breeks, breeches. Sax. brccc. 
 
 Brede or Breed, breadth or extent. An old English word 
 
 from the Sax. See Abrede. 
 Breme, v. applied to a sow when maris appetens. Brim, a. ar« 
 
 dor, aestus. Sax. bryne.
 
 28 BRER 
 
 Brere, to sprout, to prick up as grain does when it first germi- 
 nates. Hence Breward, Bruarts, the tender blades of 
 springing corn. Sax, broi'd. 
 
 Brevvis, a large thick crust of bread put into the pot where salt 
 beef is boiling and netuly ready: it attracts a portion of the 
 fat, and when swelled out is no unpalatable dish to those 
 who (like some of our northern swains) rarely taste meat. 
 So says IVIrs. Bundle, who, I believe, was long a resident 
 in Northumberland. After this, I need hardly remark that 
 Mr. Wilbraham is mistaken in thinking it is used only in 
 Clieshire and Lancashu'e. The word occurs in Beamn. & 
 Flet. but in the sense of broth. 
 
 Brewster, a brewer. Hence, I conceive, the Brewster Ses- 
 sions, when publicans receive theii" licenses. 
 
 Brian. To brian an oven, is to keep fire at the mouth of it, 
 either to give light or to preserve the heat. 
 
 Bricks, bread something like French rolls. 
 
 Bride-ale. The day of marriage has always been a time of 
 festivity. Among the plebeians in Cumberland it glides 
 away amidst nuisic, dancing, and revelry. Early in the 
 morning, the bridegroom, attended by his friends on horse- 
 back, proceeds in a gallop to the house of the bride's father. 
 Having alighted he salutes her, and then the company 
 breakfast together. This repast concluded, the whole nup- 
 tial party depart in cavalcade order towai'ds the church, 
 accompanied by a fiddler, who plays a succession of tunes 
 appropriate to the occasion. Immediately after the per- 
 formance of the ceremony the company retire to some 
 neighbouring ale-homeland many a flowing bumper of home 
 brewed, is quaffed to the health of the happy pair. Ani- 
 mated with this earthly nectar, they set off full speed to- 
 wards the futiu-e residence of the bride, where a handker- 
 chief is presented to the first who arrives. In Craven,
 
 BRID 29 
 
 after the connubial knot is tieil, a ribbon is proposed as the 
 subject of contention either for a foot or a horse race. — 
 Should any of the doughty disputants, however, omit to 
 shake hands with the bride, he forfeits the prize, though 
 otherwise entitled to win. Whoever fii-st reaches the 
 bride's habitation, is ushered into the bridal chamber, and 
 after ha\'ing performed the ceremony of tiu-ning down the 
 bed clothes, he returns, cai-rying in his hand a tankard of 
 luarm ale, pre^dously prepared, to meet the bride, to whom 
 he triumphantly offers his humble beverage, and by whom, 
 in return, he is presented with the ribbon, as the honoiu*- 
 able reward of his victorj'. 
 
 Bride-cake. It is customary after the bridal party leave the 
 church to have a thin currant-cake, marked in squiu-es, 
 though not entirely cut through. A clean cloth being spread 
 over the head of the bride, the bride-groom stands behind 
 her, and breaks the cake. Thus hallowed, it is thrown up 
 and scrambled for by the attendants, to excite prophetic 
 dreams of love and marriage, and has much more viitue 
 than when it is merely put nine times through the ring. 
 
 Bride-wain, a custom in Cumberland where the friends of a 
 new married couple assemble together in consequence of a 
 pi'evious invitation (sometimes actually by public advertise- 
 ment) and are treated with cold pies, frumenty, and ale. — 
 The company afterwards join in all the various pastimes of 
 the country, and at the conclusion, the bride and bride- 
 groom are placed in two chairs, the former holding a pew- 
 ter dish on her knee, half covered with a napkin. Into 
 this dish every person present, how high or low soever, 
 , makes it a point to put something ; and these offerings 
 occasionally amoimt to a considerable sum. I suppose it 
 has olitained the name of umin, from a very ancient custom.
 
 30 BRIG 
 
 now obsolete in the north, of presenting a bride, who had 
 no great stock of her own, with a waggon load of furni- 
 ture or provisions. On this occasion the horses were de- 
 corated with ribbons. 
 
 " There let Hymen oft appear 
 " In saffron robe and taper clear, 
 " And pomp, and feast, and revelry, 
 " With mask and ancient pageantry." 
 
 Brigg, a bridge. Pure Saxon. 
 
 Brissle, to scorch or di'y very hard. Sax. bmstlian, to make 
 
 a crackling noise. Brussle has the same meaning ; as brus- 
 
 sled peas, peas scorched in the straw. 
 
 He routeth with a slepie noyse. 
 
 And Iromtkih as a monkes froyse. — Gow. Conf. Amau. 
 
 Break 'em more, they are but Imstled yet. 
 
 Bcainn. S^ Flet. Wife for a Mcmth. 
 
 Broach, a spire or steeple ; as Chester broach, Darlington 
 broach, the broaches of Durham Cathedral. An instru- 
 ment on which yarn is wound, is also called a broach. 
 
 Brock, a badger. Pure Sax. It is also a name given to a 
 cow, or husbandry horse. Brock-faced, a white longitu- 
 dinal mark down the face like a badger. Su.-Got. brokiig, 
 of more than one colour. 
 
 Broddle, to make holes. 
 
 Broke. Sheep are said to be so, when l^ing under a broken 
 bank. 
 
 Brotchet, Brotchert, or Bragwort, a thin liquor made 
 from the last squeezings of honey-comb. 
 
 Brott, shaken corn. Sax. gebrude, fragments. 
 
 Browden, to be anxious for, or warmly attached to any ob- 
 ject. To browden on a thing, is to be fond of it. Dut. hroe-^ 
 den, to brood.
 
 BULL ol 
 
 Browdin, or Browdaxt, vain, conceited. 
 
 As she delights into the low. 
 
 So was I hroxod'm of my bow Cherry and the She. 
 
 Brown-leemers, ripe brown nuts that easily separate from the 
 husks. Probably from brown, and Fr. les meurs, the ripe 
 ones. 
 Brulliment, broil. Fr. broidller. 
 
 Bubbly, snotty. " The baii'u has a bubbly nose." — Grose. 
 I thought to marry a sailor. 
 
 To bring me sugar and tea ; 
 But I have married a keelman. 
 
 And that he lets me see. 
 He's an ugly body, a buhblij body. 
 
 An iU-fard, ugly loon ; 
 And I have married a keelman. 
 And my good days are done. 
 
 Song, T/tc Sandgaie La.me''s Lamcntafiun. 
 
 BuBBLY-JOCK, a turkey cock. V. Jam. 
 Buckle, to marry. Significant enough. 
 Buckle-mouthed, a person with large straggling teeth. 
 What a fyace, begok ! 
 Had hitclle-moitthcd Jock, 
 AVhen he twined his jaws for the backey-o ! 
 
 Song, S'Milwell Hopji'tng. 
 Buck-stick. See Spell and Ore, and Trippit and Coit. 
 Budge, to bulge, to move off, generally unwillingly. Also to 
 
 abridge or lessen. " I wont budge a penny." 
 Buer, a gnat. 
 
 BuLE, or BooL, the bow of a pan or kettle. 
 Bull-fronts, tufts of coarse grass, Aira cccpitosa. 
 Bull-stang, a dragon fly. 
 
 Bulls and Cows, the flower of the Arum maculalum, also called 
 lords and ladies, and lam-lakens.
 
 32 BULL 
 
 Bull-trout, a large fine species peculiai* to Northumberland, 
 and much esteemed. The larger kind of salmon-trout 
 taken in the Coquet, are in the Newcastle mai'ket called 
 bull trouts ; but these fish are larger than salmon-trout in 
 the head, which is a part generally admired for its smallness. 
 
 Bully, the champion of a party, the eldest male person in a 
 family. Now generally used among keelmen and pitmen 
 to designate their brothers, as bitlly Jack, bully Bob, &c. 
 Probabl}' derivetl from the obsolete word boulie, beloved. 
 
 Bum, v. to strike, to beat, to spin a top. Dut. bommen, to re- 
 sound. 
 
 Bum, s. the follower or assistant of a bailiff. Johnson has 
 bum-bailiff, a well-known name for an unpopular officer of 
 the law, but the north country bum, is a distinct personage, 
 aiding and assisting the bailiff. It may be from bound, 
 though more likely from bum, the buttocks, a word which 
 Shakspeare never disdcuned to use, when he thought it 
 best to call a thing by its most expressive name. 
 
 Bumble, or Bummel-kites, bramble-berries.^Z)Mr. Black- 
 BowvvovvERS. — North. Black-berries. — Newc. 
 
 Bumbler, a large wild bee, called sometimes bumble-bee. Tent. 
 bommele, a drone. Bumbler-box, a small wooden toy used 
 by the bo3's to hold these insects. 
 
 Bump, a stroke, a blow received by running against any thing ; 
 often applied to the rising of the flesh occasioned by a 
 blow. Lsl. bomps. " Bump against Jarrow," is a common 
 expression among the keelmen when the\- run foul of any 
 thing. 
 
 The laddie ran sweateii, ran sweaten, 
 
 The laddie ran sweaten about ; 
 Till the keel went hu)/ij) (igahisi Jarrow, 
 And three o' the bullies lap out. 
 
 Song, The Little Pec Dec.
 
 BURT 33 
 
 Bumping, a peculiar sort of punishment amongst youngsters. 
 Too many boys have reason to remember the school dis- 
 cipline of bumping, admirably described by Major Moor. — 
 V. Suff. Words, p. 53. 
 
 BuxcH-BERRY, the fruit of the rubis saxatUis, of which country 
 people make tarts. 
 
 Bunch, Punch, to strike or kick. 
 
 Bunting, a large piece or balk of timber. — Newcastle. 
 
 Bur, any thing put under a wheel to stop its progress. 
 
 Burn, a brook. A b^ini winds slowlj' along meadows, and ori- 
 ginates from small springs ; while a beck is formed by wa- 
 ter collected on the sides of mountains, and proceeds with 
 a rapid stream, though never, I think, applied to rivers that 
 become estuaries. Pure Sax. 
 
 Burn-the-Biscuit. A youthful game. 
 
 Burnt-his-Fingers. When a person has failed in any object 
 or speculation, or has been over-reached in any endeavour 
 or undertaking, he is said to have burnt his fingers. 
 
 Burr, a peculiar whirring sound, made by the natives of New- 
 castle, in pronouncing, or rather in endeavouring to pro- 
 nounce the letter R, derived from theii- ancestors. — " He 
 has the Newcastle bm-r in his throat." — Prov. 
 
 Rcjiinngm language, improving m notes. 
 Letter R runs far smoother and glib through their tliroats ; 
 Their Andrews, these sirnames, bear better degrees, 
 Ralphs, Richardsons, Rogersons, uttered with ease. 
 
 Address of the Guildhall-Crows. 
 
 Bur-tree, the common elder. Perhaps bore-tree, from the 
 quantity or size of the pith, which renders it capable of be- 
 ing easily bored; though Dr. Willan says, it is so called 
 because the flowers grow in a cjine, close together, like 
 
 F
 
 34 BUSH 
 
 those of the bm\ — A branch of this tree is supposed to pos- 
 sess great viitue in guarding the wearer against the charm 
 of witchcraft. I remember, when a Httle boy, during a 
 school vacation in the country, carrying it in my own but- 
 ton hole, with doubled thumb, when under the necessity of 
 passing the residence of a poor decrepit old woman, sus- 
 pected of holding occasional converse with the spiiitual 
 enemy of mankind. 
 
 Bush of a Wheel, that which is employed to fill up the two 
 great vacancy either in the aperture of the nave or between 
 the nave and the /lurters, that is, knocking shoulder of the 
 axle, from Fr. hcurter, to knock. 
 
 BusKY, woody, bushy, Lat. boscus. Fr. bosquet, a thicket. 
 How bloodily the sun begins to peer 
 Above yon husky hill — Shak. \st. Hen. IV. 
 
 Blss, to cb'ess, to get ready. Germ, jndzen, to deck or adorn. 
 Sich aufa bcste 'putzen, to dress to the best advantage. The 
 Scotch have busk, to dress, and busks, dresses. 
 For Geordy aw'd dee, — for my loyalty's trig, 
 
 And aw own he's a gued leuken mannie ; 
 But if Avor Sir Matthew ye buss iv his wig. 
 By gocks ! he wad leuk just as canny. 
 
 Song, Canny Newcassel. 
 
 Bust, v. to put a tar mark upon sheep. Bust, s. the mark 
 itself. 
 
 But and ben, the outer and inner apartment where there are 
 only two rooms. Many houses on the borders, where the 
 expression is common, ai*e so constructed. V. Jam. ben. 
 
 Butter and Brede. While the Southerns say, bread and 
 butter, bread and cheese, bread and milk, the Northum- 
 brians place in the reai' that great article — the staff" of life.
 
 CADG 35 
 
 Butter-fingered, said of persons who are apt to let things 
 
 fall, or slip through theii* fingers. 
 BuzzoM, or BussoM, a besom or broom. 
 Buy broom hussoms. 
 
 Buy them when they're new, 
 Buy broom biisso?ns. 
 
 Better never grew Blind Willie''s Song. 
 
 Byar, Byer, a house in which cows are bound up — a cow- 
 house. " The mucking of Geordie's byre." V. Jam. 
 
 Bye-bootings, By-boltings, or Sharps, the finest kind of 
 bran ; the second in quality being called Treet, and the 
 worst Chizzel. 
 
 Byspelt, a strange, awkward figure, or a mischievous person, 
 always acting contrary to reason, or propriety, as if labour- 
 ing under the influence of a spell. 
 
 C. 
 
 CaCK, alvum exonerare. Lat. cacare. Teut. JcacJcen. — Cack, 
 Cackey, from the verb. 
 
 Cackle, to make a noise like a hen, to giggle. 
 
 Cadge, to carry. Cadger, to a mill. Teut. ketzen, discurrere. 
 It also means to stuff or fill the belly. Hence a person is 
 said to be cadgy, cheerful, merry, after good eating and 
 drinking. 
 
 Cadger, a packman or travelling* huckster. Before the for- 
 mation of regular turnpike roads from Scotland to North- 
 umberland, the chief part of the commercial intercourse 
 between the two kingdoms was carried on through the 
 medium of cadgers. Persons who bring fish from the sea 
 to the Newcastle market are still called cadgers. 
 Here cadgers of commerce, commodities cart. 
 With hucksters and hawkers, to Mayor Millar's mart. 
 Song, Framliiigton Fab:
 
 36 CAFF 
 
 Caff, chaff. Sax. ceaf. Germ, and Dut. kaf. 
 Caingy, peevish, ill-tempered, testy. 
 
 Cairn, a rude heap of stones found on the summit of hills and 
 in other remarkable situations. Gael. came. 
 On many a ca'irn''s gray pyramid. 
 Where urns of mighty chiefs lie hid. 
 
 ScoWs Lay ofiJie. last Minstrel. 
 
 Calf-lick, or Cow-lick, a tuft on the human forehead which 
 cannot be made to lie in the same direction with the rest 
 of the hair. This term nuist have been adopted from a 
 compai-ison with that pait of a calf's or cow's hide, where 
 the hairs, having different directions, meet and form a pro- 
 jecting ridge, supposed to be occasioned by the animals 
 licking themselves. 
 Calf-yard, a person's buth-place, a Newcastle-man's fireside. 
 Aw've leern'd to prefer me awn canny calf-yaird; 
 If ye catch me mair frae't ye'll be cunnun. 
 
 Song, Canny Newcassel. 
 
 Call, to abuse. They called one another ! 
 
 Call, to proclaim, or to give notice by the public crier. To 
 
 be called at church, to have the banns of marriage published. 
 
 The ceremony of proclaiming every fail- in Newcastle, 
 
 which is attended by the officers of the corporation, in 
 
 state, is denominated calling the fair. 
 Callant, a stripling ; a man clever or much esteemed. Q. Fr. 
 
 gallant ? 
 Caller, cool, fresh. " Caller herrings" — " caller cocks," or 
 
 " caller cockles" — " caller ripe grosers" — Newc. cries. Isl. 
 
 kalldiir, |ngidus. 
 Callet, to scold. — Calleting, saucy, gossiping. — A Callet- 
 I ING Housewife, a regular scold. 
 
 A callet of boundless tongue. — Shak. Winter^s Tale.
 
 CANT 37 
 
 Cam, a ridge, hedge, or old earthen mound. Sax. comb, 
 Cammerell, a large stretcher used by butchers. 
 Cample, to argue, to answer pertly and frowardly when re- 
 buked by a superior. Germ, kainpfen, to contend. 
 Caxdle-cap, an old hat without a bruii, with a candle in front, 
 
 used by butchers. 
 Canker, rust. — Cankered, cross, ill-conditioned. 
 Caxnv, a genuine Newcastle word, applied to any thing supe- 
 rior or of the best kind. It refers as well to the beauty of 
 form as of manners and morals ; but most particulai'ly is 
 used to describe those mild and affectionate dispositions 
 which render persons agreeable in the domestic state. 
 " Canny Newcassel," par excellence, is proverbial. — Canni- 
 NESS, caution, good conduct. 
 
 God bless the king and nation ! 
 Each bravely fills his station, 
 Our camiy corporation, 
 
 Lang may they sing, wi' me. 
 
 Song, The Keel Row. 
 Cant, to upset, to overturn. 
 
 Bob canted the form, with a kevel, 
 
 As he was exerting his strength ; 
 But he got on the lug such a nevel, 
 That down he came all his long length. 
 
 The Collkr''s Pay Week. 
 Cant-dog, an handspike with a hook, used for turning over 
 
 large pieces of timber. 
 Canting, a sale by auction, proclaimed publicly on the spot 
 
 where it is to take place. Ital. incanto. 
 Cantv, men-y, lively, cheerful. Su.-Got. ganta, ludificare. 
 " Some canny wee boddie may be me lot, 
 " And aw'll be canty wi' thinking o't." 
 
 L 4 <.nX /
 
 38 CAP 
 
 Cap, to overcome in argument, to excel in any feat of agility. 
 Tuet. kappe, the summit. — Capper, one who excels. 
 
 Capsize, to overturn. 
 
 Cab-handed, left handed. One of the ancient Kings of Scot- 
 land was called " Kinath-Kerr," or Kinath the left handed. 
 
 Carl, Karl, a country fellow, a gruiFold man. Sax. ceorl. 
 Isl. karl. Dut. kaerel. 
 
 Cablings, grey peas steeped all night in water, and fried the 
 next day with butter. They are sei-ved at table, on the 
 second Sunday before Easter, called Cabling Sunday, 
 formerly denominated Care Sunday, which is Passion Sun- 
 day, as Care Friday and Care Week, are Good Friday 
 and Holy Week — supposed to be so called from that being 
 a season of great religious care and anxiety. 
 
 Carr, flat marshy land ; a pool or lake. 
 
 Carrock, or CuRROCK, a heap of stones, used as a bounder 
 mark or as a guide for travellers. Also a mountain, ap- 
 pearing at a distance, by which, when the sun appears over 
 it, the country people compute the time of the day. 
 
 Carry-on-the-War, to keep up or continue fun or mischief 
 after it has once commenced. 
 
 Ah ! no ; in Heaton cellars they 
 
 Would rather chuse to be, 
 jVIost jovial, carrying-on-thc-war. 
 
 All under lock and key ! — Song, BlackcWs Field. 
 
 Casings, Cassons, Cow-blades, cow dung dried for fuel. 
 Cassen, cast off; as " cassen clothes." — Cassen-top, a top 
 
 thrown off with a string. 
 Cast, a twist or contortion. 
 Caster, or Castor, a little box ; as 2yepper caster. Wanting 
 
 in this sense in Todd's John. 
 Cast-up, to upbraid, to reproach.
 
 CHAN 39 
 
 Cat-haws, the fruit of the white thorn. The larger ones are 
 
 called 5z///-haws. 
 Cat's-foot, ground-ivy. 
 
 Catterwauling, wooing, courting ; or rather rambling or in- 
 triguing in the night. 
 Cat-with-two-tails, an earwig. 
 Caud, cold. Teut. kaud, frigidus. 
 Cave, or Kave, to separate, as corn from the straw or chaff. 
 
 Teut. kaven. 
 Cavel, or Kavel, a lot. Teut. kavel. To Cast Cavels, to 
 
 cast lots. Teut. kavelcn. 
 Cawkers, the hind parts of a horse's shoe sharpened, and 
 pointed downwards, to prevent the anunal from slipping. 
 Also the iron plates put upon clogs, which see. Lat. calx. 
 Certees, Sarties, certainly. A good old Spenserian word, 
 used also by Shakspeare and others. My certes ! maw 
 sn/iees, upon my faith ! in good truth. 
 " Blue stockings, white clocks, and reed garters, 
 " Yellow breeks, and my slioon, -vvi' lang quarters, 
 " Aw myed wor bairas cry, 
 " Eh ! sarties ! ni ! ni ! 
 " Sic verra fine things had Bob Cranky." 
 
 Chaffs, Chafts, jaws, jaw-bones, chops. 
 
 Chamberlye, Chemmerlev, fetid or stale urine. Omitted 
 by both Johnson and Todd, though found in a passage 
 cited from Shakspeare under the word jo7'den. 
 
 Changeling, a child of a peevish or malicious temper, or dif- 
 fering in looks from the rest of a family — supposed to have 
 been changed, when an infant, by the gipsies. The fairies 
 of old were famous for stealing the most beautiful and 
 witty children, and leaving in their places such as were 
 ugly and stupid.
 
 40 ' CHAP 
 
 Chap, to knock, as at the door. Scotch. 
 Chap, Chep, a customer. Also a general term for a man, used 
 either respectfully or contemptuously. 
 When aw was drest. 
 It was confest 
 We shem'd the chejps frae Newcassel-o. 
 
 Song, Swal-cedl Hopping. 
 
 Chare, a narrow lane or alley. Peculiar to Newcastle, where 
 there are several, particularly on the Quay-side. Sax. 
 cerre, diverticulum. Some, however, think from the word 
 ajar, partly open. 
 Chattered, bruised. Corruption of shattered. 
 Chatter-water, tea. I suppose from chattering or gossiping 
 over it. 
 
 Whyles, o'er the wee bit cup an' platie, 
 They sip the scandal potion pretty, 
 
 Burns, Twa Dogs. 
 
 Cheerer, a glass of spirit and warm water. Not a bad meta- 
 phor. 
 
 Cheg, or Cheggle, to gnaw or champ a resisting substance. 
 
 Chieve, to succeed, to accomplish any business. An old word 
 used by Chaucer. Fr. ckevir, to master, 
 
 Childer, children. The Saxon phu-al termination. 
 
 Childermass-day, the feast of the Holy Innocents, a festival 
 of great antiquity. An apprehension is entertained by the 
 superstitious that no undertaking can prosper which is begun 
 on that day of the week on which it last fell. Pure Sax. 
 
 Chimlay, chimney. 
 
 Chimlay-piece, mantel-piece. — Chimlay-neuk, chimney-cor- 
 ner. 
 
 Chip, to crack or partly break ; said of an egg when the young 
 bird cracks the shell. Dut. k'qipen, to hatch or disclose.
 
 CLAM 41 
 
 Chip-of-the-old-Block, a child who in person or sentiments 
 resembles its parents. — Brother-chip, a person of the 
 same trade. 
 
 Chopp'd, Chapp'd, or Hack'd-hands, frost-bitten hands, 
 
 Choppixg-boy, a stout bow Dr. John., dissatisfied with Skin- 
 ner's definition of lusty, says, " perhaps a greedy, hungry 
 child, likely to live," which is certainly erroneous, 
 
 Choul, or Jowl, the jaw. Sax. ceole. 
 
 Christian-horses, a nickname for sedan-chairmen. 
 
 Chuck, a shell. Chucks and Marvels, a game among chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Chucker, Double-chucker. Terms well known among 
 Northern topers. 
 
 Chuckle-headed, stupid, thick-headed. 
 
 Churn, or Kern-supper, harvest home. See Mell-supper. 
 
 Chuse-but, avoid. 
 
 Clack, excessive talking, clamour. Teut. Mack. 
 
 Clag, to stick or adhere. Dan. kl<pg. — Claggv, having the 
 property of sticking. 
 
 Clagham, Claggum, treacle made hard by boiling. — Newc. 
 Called in other places in the North, clag-candy, lady's taste, 
 slittery, torn trot, and treacle ball. 
 
 Cl.ui, to castrate a bull or ram. 
 
 Clam, to starve, to be parched with thirst. Dut. klemmen. 
 
 "When my entrails 
 
 Were clumm''d with keeping a perpetual fast. 
 
 Massinger, Rom. Actor. 
 
 Clammersome, greedy, rapacious, contentious. Dan. klammer- 
 
 VOVJl. 
 
 Clamp, to make a noise, to tread heavily in walking. Dut. 
 
 klompen. Sw. klanipig. 
 Clamps, pieces ol" iron at the ends of a fire-place. 
 
 G
 
 42 CLAN 
 
 Clanker, a beating, a chastisement. 
 
 That day aw Hawks's blacks may rue, — 
 They gat mony a very sair clanker, O ; 
 Can they de owse wi' Crowley's crew 
 Frev a needle tiv an anchor, O. 
 
 Song, Swalwcll Hopping. 
 
 Clap, to touch gently, to fondle, to pat. — Clap-benny, a re- 
 quest made to infants in the nurse's arms, to clap their 
 hands, as the only means they have of expressing theii* 
 prayers. Isl. klappa, to clap, and bteii, prayer. 
 
 Clapper, the tongue, especially when too voluble. 
 
 Clart, to daub, to bemii'e. — Clarts, plural of dkt or mu-e. 
 — Clarty, miiy, dirty, wet, slippery. 
 
 Clash, to gossip. Germ. Jdatschen, to prattle. Also to throw 
 any thing carelessly or violentlj'. 
 
 Claut, to scratch or claw, to scrape together. 
 
 Claver, Clavver, to climb up ; mostly applied to children. 
 It seems to be a coiTuption of cleavering, or adhering, mixed 
 with the idea of climbing. 
 
 Clay-uaubin, a custom in Cumberland, where the neighbours 
 and friends of a new married couple assemble and don't 
 separate until they have erected them a cottage. From 
 the number of hands employed it is generally completed in 
 a day. The company then rejoice and make merry. 
 
 Cleck, Clock, to hatch. Isl. kick. A hen sitting, or desirous 
 of sittmg on her eggs, is called a Clecker, or Clocker. 
 
 Cleck or Clock, Clecking or Clocking, the noise made by 
 a brooding hen, or when she is provoked. Isl. klak, clan- 
 gor avium. 
 
 Cleck, Cleckin, the entire brood of chickens. 
 
 Cleet, a stay or support in carpentry. 
 
 Cleets, pieces of u'on worn by countrymen on their shoes.
 
 COAL 43 
 
 Cleg, a fly, very troublesome in hot weather, pai'ticularly to 
 horses. Dan. klaeg. 
 
 Cleg, a clever person, an adept. 
 
 Clegning, Cleaning, the after birth of a cow. 
 
 Cleugh, CLorGH, a ravine, a valley, between two precipitous 
 banks, generally having a runner of water at the bottom. 
 Sax. dough. The admirers of old poetry are familiar \vith 
 CljTn of the Clough, a noted archer, and the companion of 
 our celebrated Northern outlaws, Adam Bell and William 
 of Cloudeslee. 
 
 Click, to snatch hastily, to seize. Germ, klickcn, to throw. 
 
 Clifty, well managing, actively industrious. 
 
 Clip, to shear sheep. Dut. kl'ippen. Clipping, a sheep- 
 shearing. 
 
 Clish-clash, Clish-ma-claver, idle discourse bandied about. 
 
 Cloffey, a slattern, a female dressed in a tawdry manner. 
 
 Clogs, a sort of shoes, the upper part of strong hide leather, 
 and the soles of wood, plated with iron, often termed caio- 
 kers. 
 
 Clointer, to make a noise with the feet. A person treading 
 heavily with shoes, shod with iron, is said to clointer. 
 
 Cloit, a clown or stupid fellow. Teut. kloete. 
 
 Clouterly, clumsy, awkward. Dut. kloekte. 
 
 Clubbey, a youthful game, something like doddart. 
 
 Clump, a heavy mass. Germ. Mump. 
 
 Clumpy, Clumpish, awkward, unwieldy. 
 
 Clung, closed up or stopped ; shrivelled or shrunk. 
 
 Cluthers, in heaps. • Welsh, cludcr, a pile. 
 
 Coals. To call over the coals, is to give a sevei'e reprimand. 
 Supposed to refer to the ordeal by fire. 
 
 Coaly, Coley, a cur dog. Gael, culie, a little dog. Also a 
 cant name among the boys for the lamp-lighter in Newcastle.
 
 44 COB 
 
 Cob, to pull the ear. A punishment among children. 
 Cobby, Coppy, stout, heai-t}', livelj- ; also tyrannical, head- 
 strong, or in too high spirits. 
 Coble, Coable, Cobble, a peculiai' kind of boat, very sharp 
 in the bow, and flat bottomed and square at the stern j na- 
 vigated with a lug sail. Used by the pilots and fishermen 
 on the North-east coast of England. 
 
 Cobble, a pebble or stone that may be easily thrown or cobbled; 
 in some places confined to a large round stone. 
 
 Cobkler's-Monday, every Monday throughout the year — a re- 
 gular holiday among the " gentle craft." I am told this 
 custom originated from the masters requiring the greater 
 part of the day to cut out the week's work. 
 
 Cock, a familiar salutation. — " How are you, mi/ cock ?" 
 
 Cocker, a man addicted to cock-fighting ; a diversion still very 
 prevalent among the lower ortlers, particularly the pitmen. 
 
 CocKET, or CoppET, pert, apish. 
 
 Cocks, a puerile game with the tough tufted stems of the rib- 
 wort plantain. V. Moor, SufF. Words. 
 
 CoDD, a pillow or cushion. Sax. codde, a bag. Isl. kodde, a 
 pillow. 
 
 Coddle, to indulge with warmth. Old Fr. cadeler, to bring 
 up tenderly. 
 
 Coo, a wooden dish, a milk pail. Welsh, caiug, a bowl. 
 
 She set the cog upon her head. 
 An' she's gane singing hame ! 
 
 Ball, of Cuwdcidiiwrcs. 
 
 Cockers, Coggers, or Hoggars, properly half-boots made of 
 stiff-leather, or strong cloth, and strapped under the shoe ; 
 but old stockings without feet, used as gaiters, are often 
 so called.
 
 COOL 45 
 
 CoGLY, unsteady, moving from side to side, easily overturned. 
 Coke, to cry jteccavi. Ruddiman says, it is the sound which 
 
 cocks utter, especially when they are beaten, from which 
 
 Skinner is of opinion they have the name o{ cock. Dr. 
 
 Jam, has to en/ cok, to acknowledge that one is vanquished, 
 
 which he derives from O. Celt, coc, mechant, vile. 
 Coil, a lump on the head from a blow ; also a great stir. In 
 
 the latter sense it is used by Shak. and Ben. Jon. 
 CoiT, to throw. May be referred to the rural game of coits or 
 
 quoits. 
 CoLD-FiRE, a fire made ready for lighting. 
 CoLLEV, butcher's meat. . 
 Colloguing, conversing secretly, plotting. Lat. colloqui. — 
 
 Old. 
 CoLLOP-MoNDAV, the day before Shrove Tuesday, on which 
 
 it is usual to have collops and eggs for dinner. 
 CoLT-ALE, an allowance of ale claimed as a perquisite by the 
 
 blacksmith on the fii'st shoeing of a horse. A customary 
 
 entertainment given by a person on first entering into a 
 
 new office, is called " Shoeing the colt.^' 
 Comb, Colm, a confined valley. Welsh, cwm. 
 CoME-THY-WAYS-HiNNiE, come forward ; generally spoken to a 
 
 person in kindness. 
 Comfortable, a covered passage boat on the river Tyne, so 
 
 called from its containing superior accommodations to 
 
 "Jemmy Joneson's Whurry ;" but little patronized since 
 
 the introduction of steam-packets. 
 Cook, to disappoint, to punish. " Aw'Il cook you." 
 CooM, the dust and scrapings of wood, j)roduced in sawing. 
 Compete, to rival, omitted by both John, and Todd. 
 Con, to fillip. 
 Corby, a raven. Fr. corbeau.
 
 46 CORF 
 
 Corf, a large basket made of strong hazle rods, called corf-rods, 
 in which the coals are drawn from the pits. Lat. corbis. — 
 Dut. korf. 
 CoRNEY, half tipsey. Allusion obvious enough. 
 Corn-crake, land-rail, or daker hen. 
 CosEY, snug, warm, comfortable. Fr. cozzi. V. Le Roux, 
 Cot, a small bed or cradle. Old Fr. coite. 
 CoTTED, Clotted, entangled, matted together. The word is 
 usually applied to haii' or wool, as hankled is to silk, thread, 
 worsted, &c. 
 CoTTERELS, cash. 
 
 The loss o' the cottcrch aw diiina regaird. 
 
 For aw've getten some white-heft o' Lunnun. 
 
 Song, Canny Newcasscl. 
 
 CoTTERiL, a small iron bolt for a window. 
 
 CouL, to scrape together dung, mud, dirt, &c. — Coul-Rake, 
 
 the instrument by which this is performed. 
 CouNGE, a large lump, as of bread or cheese. 
 Coup, to empty, to overturn. To coup a cart — to coup one's 
 
 crcils. Sw. gujipa, to tilt up. 
 Coup, Cowp, to barter or exchange. Su.-Got. kocpa. Horse- 
 COUPERS, horse dealers. 
 
 A bonny seet when Tyne we saw. 
 
 It set wor hearts a loupen. 
 Is there a stream that's here belaw, 
 That wiv it's fit for coupen. 
 
 Song, hy M. Y., one of the WuUmnan Club. 
 
 Coup-CART, a short team, closed with boards. Teut. kuype. 
 CouR, Cower, to stoop low, to crouch down by bending the 
 
 hams. Su.-Got. kure. " Cooring o'er the hearth stone." 
 CowE, Coo, to intimidate, to keep in subjection. Isl. kuga, 
 
 adigere. — Cowed, Cooed, daunted, dastardly, timid.
 
 CRAM 47 
 
 CowED-covv, CowEV, a cow without horns. 
 
 Cow-paw'd, left handed. 
 
 Cow-SHAREN, the leavings of the cow. Sax. scearn. Dung in 
 Teutonic, is sham, and in Suio-Gothic, skarn. We have 
 also Sfuu-bud, an old word for a beetle ; supposed to be so 
 called from its being continually found under horse or cow 
 dung. It will astonish some of my South country readers 
 when I inform them that fresh cow-sharen is occasionally 
 applied, as a cooling poultice, to the faces of young dam- 
 sels in Northumberland, if over flushed with any cutaneous 
 eruption. 
 
 CowsTROPPEL, a cowslip. — Northumberland. 
 
 Covv-WA, or How-WAY, come away ! 
 
 CoYSTRiL, a raw inexperienced lad ; a contemptible fellow. 
 He's a coward and a coysirU that will not drink to my niece. 
 
 Shuk. Twelfth Night. 
 
 Crack, i'. to brag or boast of any thing ; to praise it. Dut. 
 kraaken. 
 
 Ethiop's of their sweet complexion crack. 
 
 Sliak. Lo-e's Lah. Lost. 
 
 Crack, s. chat, conversation, news. " Wliat's your crack." 
 
 Cracker, a small baking dish. 
 
 Cracker, a small piece of glass shaped like a pear, and which, 
 
 when the small end is broken off, flies into a thousand 
 
 pieces ; Prince Rupert's drop. 
 Cracket, a low stool. 
 Cracks, an act of superiority. " I'll set you yoiu- cracks." — 
 
 In a crack, quickly, immediately. 
 Crag, a rough steep rock. Pure British. 
 Crajie, to mend by uniting, as joining broken china, or wooden 
 
 bowls. V. Ray, cleam. — Crasier, the operator, generally 
 
 a travellins; tinker.
 
 48 CRAM 
 
 Crammelly, weak ; generally ai)plied to walking. " The 
 
 horse goes rather crammelly this morning." 
 Cramp, to contract, to crumple or pucker. Teut. hrompen. 
 Cranch, to crush a hard substance between the teeth. Round 
 sand thrown upon the floor is said to cranch under the 
 feet. 
 Crankies, a cant name for pitmen. See Cranky. 
 The Crankies, farrer back nor I naw, 
 Hae gyen to Sizes to see trumpets blaw, 
 Wi' white sticks, an' Sheriff, 
 But warn't myed a sang of. 
 Nor laugh'd at, like clever Bob Cranky. 
 
 Song, Boh Crankifs Compluhit. 
 
 Crankxe, weak, shattered. Teut. krank. 
 
 Cranks, two or more rows of ii'on crooks in a frame, used as 
 a toaster. 
 
 Cranky. That man in the village, who is most conspicuous 
 for dress, or who excels the rest of the villagers in the 
 sports and pastimes held in estimation amongst them, is 
 called, by way of pre-eminence, the Cranky. — Dur. and 
 North. See Crankies. 
 
 Cranky, a. sprightly, exulting, jocose. It also means, ailing, 
 sickly. Dut. krank. 
 
 Crate, a sort of basket made rectangulai-ly of strong, upright 
 rods inserted into cross pieces, and forming an open work 
 side for packing glass and pottery ware. Lat. crates. 
 
 Cree, to seeth ; hence creed wheat or barley. 
 
 Creil, a kind of semi-circular basket of wicker work, in which 
 provender is carried to sheep in remote pastures, or on the 
 mountains, during the distress of a snow storm. Its sides 
 are stiff, and its bottom supple, serving for hinges. This is 
 called a sheep creil, and is strapped over a man's shoulde'**.
 
 CROS 49 
 
 Baskets for fish and efrgs, pens for poultry, and wicker uten- 
 sils for various other purposes, are also called crcils in 
 Newcastle and the neighbourhood. 
 
 Creiled, placed or packed in a creil, as poultry or eggs. 
 
 Crewel, fine worsted of various colours, now chiefly confined 
 to what is used by females in leaiming embroidery. Lexi- 
 cographers seem not to have imderstood the meaning of the 
 word. One of the commentators on Shakspeare, quite 
 ignorant of its sense, might have spared his remarks. 
 
 Crib, a child's bed. Not in Todd's John, in this sense. 
 
 Crimble-i'-th'-poke, to fly from an agreement, to act cow- 
 ardly. 
 
 Crine, to pine, to shrink. Germ, hriechen. 
 
 Crinkle, to wrinkle, to bend under a load. 
 
 Cris-cross, the mark or signature of those who cannot write. 
 The alphabet was formerly called the Christ-cross row, pro- 
 bably from a superstitious custom of writing it in the form 
 of a cross, by way of charm. 
 
 CuoAKUM-SHiRE, a caut name for Northumberland, in which 
 Newcastle may be included, from the peculiar croaking in 
 the pronunciation of the inhabitants. 
 
 Crock, a flake of soot in an open chimney ; also short nnder- 
 hair, in the neck ; and in some places an old ewe. 
 
 Crook, a disease in sheep, causing the neck to be crooked. 
 
 Croon, Crune, to bellow like a disquiet ox. Dut. kreuncn, to 
 groan. — Crooning, the cry of the beast. It is also fre- 
 quently applied to the cowardly and petted roai'ing of a 
 disappointed child. 
 
 She can o'er cast the night and cloud the moon, 
 And mak the deils obedient to her crunc. 
 
 Raimay, Gent. Shcphad. 
 
 Cross-grained, testy, ill-tempered. 
 
 H
 
 so CROS 
 
 CRoss-THE-srcKLE, Cross-ovvre-the-buckle, a peculiar and 
 difficult step in dancing. — Xcwr. To do it well, is con- 
 sidered a great accomplishment. 
 
 Bob hey. thee at loAvpin ami fliiigin, 
 At the bool, foot-ball, clubby, and swingin : 
 Can ye jump up and shuffle, 
 And C7-0SS mere the hucklc, 
 "W'lien ye dance ? like the clever Bob Cranky. 
 
 Song, Boh Cranlofs ^Sizc Si/nda;/. 
 
 Crowdy, a mess of oatmeal — a genuine Northumbrian dish; 
 especially when prepared and eaten, according to the ap- 
 2^roved receipt of the author of " Metres, addressed to the 
 Lovers of Truth," &c. See his admu'able directions j). 
 213, 2d Edit. 
 Crowdy-main, a riot, a mixture of high and low, any confu- 
 sion. 
 Crowlev's-crew, sons of Vulcan attached to the extensive 
 iron works, at Winlaton and Swalwell, in the neighbour- 
 hood of Newcastle, established by Sir Ambrose Crawley 
 about 1 30 years ago, and said to be governed by a peculiar 
 code of then* own. 
 Cruddle, to curdle. It also means, to crouch, to shrink. — 
 Ml'. Wilbraham has Crewdle or Croodle, -to crouch to- 
 gether like frightened chickens on the sight of a bird of 
 prey. 
 Cruick-yor-hough, crook-1/our-hough, sit down — a friendly 
 invitation. 
 A^'iv huz i' the North, when aAv'ni wairsli i' my way, 
 
 (But t' knaw wor warm hearts ye yor-sell come), 
 
 Aw lift the first latch, and baitli man and dame say, 
 
 Cruick yor hough, canny man, for ye're welcome. 
 
 Song, Canny Ncuxussd.
 
 CUND 51 
 
 Crump, hard, brittle, crumbling ; as bread or cake of that 
 
 quality. 
 Cruse, Croose, or Grouse, brisk, lively. " As crowse as a 
 
 new washen louse." — Old Prov. 
 Crut, a dwarf, or any thing curbed in its growth. 
 Cruttles, crumbs, broken pieces. 
 Cuckoo-spit, white frothy matter seen on certain plants in the 
 
 spring. 
 Cuddle, to embrace, to squeeze, to hug. Teut. kudden. 
 Now aw think it's liigh time to be steppin. 
 
 We've sitten tiv aw's about lyem ; 
 So then, wiv a kiss and a cuddle. 
 
 These lovers they bent their ways heym. 
 
 Song, The Pitmaii's Courtship. 
 
 CuDDV, or CuDDV-Ass, an ass. Teut. kudde, grex. — Cuddy's- 
 LEGS, a barbarous unmeaning name for large herrings, pecu- 
 liar to the Newcastle fish market. 
 
 Cull, s. a fool. Cull, a. silly, foolish. " Thou'rt a r?///," is 
 often used by a Northumbrian to cheat the devil of his 
 due, by avoiding the denunciation of calling his brother a 
 
 fool. 
 
 Some culls went hyeni, some crush'd to town. 
 Some gat aboot by Whickham-o. 
 
 Song, Swalwell Hojipiiig. 
 
 Our viewer sez, aw can't de better, 
 Than send him a story cull letter. 
 
 But writing a'U let rest ; 
 
 The pik fits maw hand best, 
 A pen's ower sma for Bob Cranky. 
 
 Song, Bob Cranhi/\ CumpMiU. 
 
 Cullv-shangev, a riot or uproar. 
 Cuxdy, Cunliff, a conduit.
 
 52 CUR 
 
 Cur, a term of reproach ; as " ketti^ cur," a vile person. 
 
 Curfew, the evening bell. Its origin and purpose are too 
 well known to need repetition here. I merely allude to it 
 for the purpose of stating that its name is still retained in 
 Newcastle, where it is rung at the original time — eight in 
 the evening. 
 
 CuRN-BERRiEs, currauts. Churry-ripe-curn-berries, New- 
 castle crj' for currants. 
 
 Cushat, the ring dove, or wild pigeon. Major Moor is dispos- 
 ed to derive this i^retti/ word from Coo-chat, that is cooing 
 and chattering ; but I have little doubt the true etymo- 
 logy is Sax. cusceate, from cusc, chaste, in allusion to the 
 conjugal fidelity of the bird. 
 
 CusHY-cow-LADY, a beautiful little scarlet beetle, with black 
 spots ; sometimes called Lady-bird. 
 
 Cut, a quantity of yarn, twelve of which make what is called 
 a hank, the same as skain in the South. 
 
 CuT-AXD-coME-AGAiN, a hearty welcome, plenty. 
 
 Cute, quick, intelligent, sly, cunning, clever. Mi". Wilbraham 
 thinks this word is probably an abbreviation of acute, but 
 is it not more likely direct from Sax. cuth, expertus ? 
 
 CuTEs, KuTEs, the feet. 
 
 Did ever mortal see sic brutes, 
 
 To order me to lift my cities. 
 
 Ad smash the fool, he stands and talks, 
 
 How can he learn me to walk. 
 
 That's walk'd this forty year, man ? 
 
 The Pitnwn^s Revenge againut Bonajjurte. 
 
 Cutter, to fondle, to make much of. 
 
 C UTTERING, the cooing of a pigeon. Also applied to private 
 
 or secret conversation. Dut. kouten. 
 CuTTv, short. Gael, cutach. — Cutty-gun, a short pipe.
 
 DARK 53 
 
 D. 
 
 Dad, to shake, to strike. " A dad on the head." — Dad-of- 
 
 Bread, a large piece of bread. 
 Daddle, to walk unsteadily, to saunter or trifle. — Dawdy, a 
 
 slattern. Isl. dauda dopjM. 
 Daddle, the hand. " Give w* a shake of your daddle." 
 Dadge, Dodge, to walk in a slow clumsy manner. 
 Daffle, to betray loss of memory and mental facultj'. Per- 
 sons growing old and in their dotage, are said to dajfle, and 
 
 to be dafflcrs. 
 Daft, simple, foolish, stupid. Su.-Got. doef, stupidus. Dajpe 
 
 occurs in Chaucer, Peirs Ploughman, &c. 
 Dag, v. to drizzle. — Dag, s. a drizzling rain. " Daggij day." 
 
 Isl. daugg. 
 Daggle, or Draggle, to bemire. — Daggled, Draggled, dir- 
 tied. "Draggle-tailed Dorothy-o !" According to Ray, 
 
 from dag, dew upon the grass. See Dag. 
 Dainty, pleasant, worthy, excellent. Isl. daindis. 
 Dairns, small, unmarketable fish. 
 Daker-hen, land rail, or corn-crake. 
 Dame, Deame, the mistress of the house. /'. Note in Cumb. 
 
 Ball. p. 65. 
 Dandy-candy, Dog's-t**d, candied sweetmeats. — Newc. 
 Dang, a foolish evasion of an oath. 
 Dannat or DoNNOT, a good for nothing, idle person ; generally 
 
 a female. Do-naught. The devil, in Cumberland. 
 Dapper-fellow, a pert, brisk, tidy little man. 
 Dark, Dart, v. to listen with an insidious attention. Allied 
 
 to the old verb, dark, used by Chaucer, Spenser, and 
 
 others. 
 Dark, a. blind. Almost Dark, neai'ly bhnd. Quite Dark, 
 
 stone blind.
 
 54 DARN 
 
 Darn, to mend stockings, &c. by chequering the threads. 
 Welsh, (lam, to patch. 
 
 Dash-my-buttons, a moderated imprecation. 
 
 Dauber, a plasterer. The ancient style of a branch of the 
 fraternit}' of bricklayers in Newcastle was Cutters and Dau- 
 bers. The cat was a piece of soft clay thrust in between 
 the laths, which were afterwards daubed. 
 
 Daver, to stun, to stupify. Davered, benumbed, stupified. 
 Teut. daveren, tremere. 
 
 Daw, to dawn. Sax. dagian, to grow light. 
 
 The other side from whence the morning daws. 
 
 Drayton, Polydlhion. 
 
 Daytiljian, Daytaleman, a day labourer, chiefly in husbandry. 
 One who tills by the day. 
 
 Daze, to dazzle, to stupify, to frighten. Teut. daesen, deli- 
 rare, insanii'c. 
 
 Dazed, blinded with splendour, astounded, benumbed with 
 frost. 
 
 Dazed-meat, meat ill roasted. — Dazed-bread, bread not well 
 baked. 
 
 Dead-house, a place in Newcastle for the reception of di-owned 
 persons. 
 
 Dead-nip, a blue mai-k on the body, ascribed by the vulgar to 
 necromancy. V. Kilian, dood-7iepe. 
 
 Deaf, rotten ; as a deaf nut. Teut. doove noot. — Barren or 
 blasted ; as deaf corn, which is pure Saxon. 
 
 Dean, Dene, properly a dell or deep wooded valley, with run- 
 ning water at the bottom, but applied to any hollow where 
 the ground slopes on both sides. Sax. den, a cave or lui-k- 
 ing place. 
 
 Deave, to deafen, to stupify with noise. Isl. deyfa.
 
 DILL 55 
 
 Debateable-iands, large tracts of wild country, on the con- 
 fines of Northumberland, which were a continued source 
 of feud and contention, until all disputes respecting them 
 were compromised, under an arbitration, between the 
 houses of Percy and Douglas. 
 
 Deeds, rubbish of quarries or drains. 
 
 Deet, or DifiHT, to dress or clean, to winnow corn. Sax. 
 dihtan, parare, disponere. See Keel-deeters. 
 
 Deft, pretty, neat, clever, handy. Stated in Todd's John, to 
 be obsolete, but not so in the North. Sax. darft, idoncus. 
 
 He said I were a deft lass — Brmuc's Nortlicrn Lass. 
 
 Deg, to moisten with water, to sprinkle. Sax. deagan, tingere. 
 This word, used by Shak. in the Tempest, is not in Todd's 
 John., nor in Nares. 
 
 Desse, v. to lay close together, to pile up in order. — Dess, s. 
 a truss of hay, Chaucer uses dels, for a seat, and Spenser 
 has desse, a desk or table, from old Fr. dais. 
 
 Deuce, the devil, or an evil spu-it. " Deuce take him." St. 
 Austin makes mention of some libidinous demons, or 
 spirits, that used to folate the chastity of women, which 
 spirits, he sa3's, the Gauls called duses fqiios diisios nuncii- 
 pant GciUi.) V. Aug. de Civit. Dei. 1. i. c. 23. 
 
 DiCKY-wiTii-HiM, all over with him. Said of a person when 
 ruined, or thwarted. 
 
 Didder, to shiver with cold. Germ, zittei-n, to tremble. V. 
 Skinner, 
 
 DiFFicuLTER, more difficult. A common comparative. 
 
 Dike, a ditch, hedge, or fence, Teut. dijck, agger. In a coal 
 mine, it means a large crack or breach of the solid strata, 
 A depot for coals at the staith is also called a di/ke. 
 
 Dill, to soothe pain. Isl. dilla, lallarc.
 
 56 DING 
 
 Ding, to dash with violence. Su.-Got. daeiign, tundere. — 
 Ding-down, ding-doon, to overthrow. Very common. 
 
 Ding, to push or drive. Sax. denegan, to beat. 
 
 DiNMAN, or DiNMONT, a female sheep after the first shearing. 
 
 DiNNEL, DiNNLE, or DiNDi.E, to be affected with a prickling or 
 shooting pain, as if of a tremulous short motion in the par- 
 ticles of one's flesh ; such as arises from a blow, or is felt 
 in the fingers when exjjosed to the fire after frost. Dut. 
 tintelen, to tingle. 
 
 DiRDOM, DuRDUM, a great noise, or uproar. Gael, diardmi, 
 anger. Welsh, dwrdd, a stir. 
 
 DiRL, to move quickly, to thirl, to whiz. Sax. tliirlian, per- 
 forare. 
 
 'Twas but yestreen, nae farther gaen, 
 
 I threw a noble throw at ane ; 
 
 Wi' less, I'm sure, I've hundreds slain ; 
 
 But deiJ- ma-care, 
 It just play'd dhi on the bane. 
 
 But did nae mair. 
 
 Burns, Death and Doctor Tlorrihoolx. 
 
 DiSGEST, digest. Used by Beaum. and Flet. and others. 
 
 Dish-faced, hollow faced. 
 
 DiSHER, a maker of wooden bowls or dishes. 
 
 DiPNESs, depth. Isl. diup. altum. 
 
 DizENED, Bedizened, dressed, decorated. 
 
 I put m}' clothes off, and I dizai'd him. 
 
 Bcaum. ^ Flet. Pilgfim. 
 
 DoBBiES, spirits or demons. They appear to be of different 
 kinds. Some — attached to particular houses or farms — are 
 of a good humom-ed chsposition, and though naturally lazy, 
 are said to make, in cases of trouble and difficulty, incre-
 
 DODD -y 
 
 dible exertions for the advantage of the family ; such as 
 stacking all the hay, or housing the whole crop of corn in 
 one night. Others — residing in low granges or barns, or 
 near antiquated towers or bridges — have a very different 
 character imputed to them. Among other pranks, they 
 will sometimes jump behind a horseman, and compress 
 him so tightly, that he either perishes before he can reach 
 his home, or falls into some lingering and dii-eful malady. 
 DocKON, the dock, rumex obtusifulius. A charm is connected 
 with the medicinal application of this plant. If a person 
 be severely stung with a nettle, it is customarj' to collect 
 a few dock leaves, to spit on them, and then to rub the 
 part affected, repeating the incantation, " In dockon, out 
 nettle," till the violent smarting and inflammation subside — 
 seldom exceeding ten minutes. These words are said to 
 have a siniilai- effect with those expressed in the old Monk- 
 ish adage, "Exeat ortica, tibi sit perisceiis arnica;" the 
 female garter bound about the part which has suffered, 
 being held a remedy equally efficacious. Mr. Wilbraham 
 remarks that," In dock, out nettle" is a kind of proverbial 
 sajing, expressive of inconstancy. This observation will 
 contribute to explain an obscure passage in Chaucer's 
 Troilus and Creseide, b. iv. st. 66. 
 
 " Thou biddest me I should love another 
 
 " All freshly new, and let Creseide go, 
 
 " It lithe nat in my power, leve brother, 
 
 " And though I might, 3'et wovdd I nat do so, 
 
 " But canst thou plaien raket to and fro, 
 
 •' Nettle in, dock out, now this, now that, Pandare ? 
 
 *' Now fbule fall her for thy wo that care." 
 
 DoDD, to cut wool from and near the tails of sheep. — Dod- 
 DINGS, the cuttings. Dod, to lop, as a tree, is an old word. 
 " Dodder'd oak." i
 
 58 DODD 
 
 DoDDART, a bent stick with which the game of doddart is play- 
 ed. Two captains choose their party by alternate votes, 
 when a piece of globulai' wood, called an orr or coit, is 
 thrown down in the middle of a field, and each side endea- 
 vom's to di'ive it to the allei/, hail, or goal. Same as 
 clubbey, hockey, shinney, shinneifhaw. 
 
 DoDDED, without horns, as dodded sheep. Perhaps an abbrc- 
 \dation of doe-headed. 
 
 Dodder, Dotiier, to shalie, to tremble ; to nod, as in the 
 palsy of decrepitude. — Dodder-grass, quaking grass, briza. 
 
 Dodge, to jog, to incite. 
 
 DoDY, a corruption of George, applied only to children, and 
 originating in a childish pronunciation of Georgee, by the 
 common inl'antile substitution of d for g, and the not un- 
 common omission of r, especially in Newcastle, when a 
 broad vowel precedes. 
 
 Doff, to undress, to put off. From do off. See Don. 
 
 Thou wear'st a lion's hide. 
 
 Doff it for shame. — Shak. King John. 
 
 Dog, a wooden utensil in form of a dog, with iron teeth, for 
 toasting bread. Also a piece of iron placed at each end of 
 a fire place to keep up the fii'e. 
 
 Dole, to set out or allot ; applied to land. Sax. dcelan to di- 
 vide. In Cumb. a narrow plot of ground in a common 
 field, set out by land-marks, is called a Deail. 
 
 Dole, grief, sorrow, lamentation. Old Fr. do/, dole. Mod. 
 Fr. deuil. By no means obsolete, as stated in Todd's 
 John. Alms distributed at funerals are still called doles. 
 
 Don, to dress, to put on. An old word from do on. Stated 
 in Todd's John, to be obsolete; but it common use 
 
 i« the North See DoFF
 
 DRAF 59 
 
 DoNCY, affectedly neat, accompanied with the idea of self-im- 
 portance. 
 
 DooK, or Duck, to bathe. Dut. duckcn. 
 
 DoosE, Douce, Douse, snug, comfortable, clean, neat, tidy, 
 sweet-looking — applied to a beautiful and attractive wo- 
 man. Lat. dulcis. Fr. doux, douce. 
 
 DoosE, Douce, a blow. " Doose-i'-the-chops," a blow on the 
 face. — DoosEY, or Doosey-cap, a punishment among boys. 
 
 Double, to clench. " He doubled his neif." 
 
 Doup, Dowp, clunes. Isl. Dl\f. " As fine as F**ty-Poke's 
 Wife, who dressed her doiijo with primroses." — A New- 
 castle comjjarison. 
 
 Doutsome, hesitating, uncertain as to the event. 
 
 Dow, Doo, a little cake. See Yule-dow. 
 
 DowLY, lonely, melancholy, sorrowfid. " A dowly place" — 
 "a dowly lot." 
 
 Down-come, a fall in the mai-ket, or indeed in any other sense. 
 
 DowN-DiNNER, tea, or any afternoon's repast. V. Bouch. 
 aandorn. 
 
 Down-house, the back kitchen. 
 
 Down-in-the-mouth, dispirited, dejected, disheartened. 
 
 DowN-i.YiNG, an accouchement. 
 
 Dowp, a carrion crow. 
 
 DowPY, the smallest and last-hatched of a breed of birds. 
 
 Doxy, a sweetheart ; but not in the equivocal sense used by 
 Shak. and other play writers. 
 
 Dozened, spiiitless, impotent, withered. 
 
 Drabbl'd, Drabble-tailed, dirtied. Draggled. 
 
 Draff, brewers' grains, with which cows and swine are fed. — 
 Teut. draf. Both Hanmer and Johnson have misinter- 
 preted this Shakspearian word, and Nares hath perpetuated 
 the error.
 
 60 DRAP 
 
 Drape, a cow whose milk is dried up. Sax. drepcn, to fail — 
 having failed to give milk. Drape sheep, oves rcjiculae, 
 credo ab A. S. drcepe, expulsio, drcBped, abactus. Skinner. 
 
 Draup, Dreap, to drawl, to speak slowly and monotonously. 
 
 Drawk, Drack, to saturate with water. Su,-Got. draenka, 
 aqua submergere. 
 
 Dreap, to drench. " Dreaping o' wet." 
 
 Dree, to suffer, to endm-e. Sax. dreogan, to undergo. 
 
 He did great pyne and meikle sorrow dree. — Ross, Helenore. 
 
 Dree, weary, long, tediously tiresome. Apparently a rapid 
 pronunciaticvii of Germ, durre, dry, both in a physical and 
 metaphorical sense; but see Dr. Jam. In Northumberland, 
 within the memory of old people, the farmers had a sort 
 of cart without wheels, drawn by one horse, called a dree. 
 
 Dresser, a long chest of drawers about three feet high, with 
 an opening in the centre for pots and pans, making a sort 
 of kitchen table. Tent, drcssoor. Fr. dres.iovr, a side-board. 
 
 Driblet, " a small sum ; odd money in a sum." — Dr. John. 
 It, however, means a small inconsiderable thing of any sort. 
 
 Drip, stalactites, or petrefactions. 
 
 Droning, a laz}- indolent mode of doing a thing. — Dronishis 
 a ver}' old word. 
 
 Drought, Draught, a team of horses in a cart or waggon, 
 both collectively taken. 
 
 Drumly, Drummely, muddy, confused. Misled by Hanmer 
 and Pegge, to drumblc is in Todd's John, misinterpreted 
 to drone, to be sluggish. The example from ShaJc. Merry 
 Wives of Windsor, " Look how you driunhle" unquestion- 
 ably means how confused you are. 
 
 Then bouses drumhj German water. 
 To mak himsel look fair and flitter. 
 
 Burns, Tzva Dogs.
 
 DUNG Gl 
 
 Drunkard' s-CLOAK, a great tub or barrel of a peculiar con- 
 struction, for the punishment of drunkards in Newcastle. 
 V. Gardiner's Englands Grievance, p. in., and Brand's 
 History of Newc. vol. ii, p. 192. 
 
 Druve, Druvy, dirty, muddy. Sax. ge-drefan, turbare. 
 
 Dub, a small pool of water ; a piece of deep and smooth wa- 
 ter in a rapid river. Moe.-Got. diep, deep. Celt, dub/i, a 
 canal. 
 
 DlJBLER, Doubler, a lai'ge dish of earthenware. Doheler is in 
 Peirs Plough.man. "Mugs and r/«^/e?-5, wives ! " — Newc. 
 Cnj. 
 
 DuB-SKELPER, bog-trottcr ; applied to the borderers. 
 
 Ducket, a dove-cot. 
 
 Ducks and Drakes, a pastime. Flat stones or slates arc 
 thrown upon the surface of a piece of water, so that they 
 may dip and emerge several tunes, without sinking. " Nei- 
 ther cross and pile, nor ducks and drakes, are quite so an- 
 cient as handy-dandy." — Arbuthnot and Pope, quoted in 
 Todd's John. I do not know the age of handy-dandy, but 
 the sport of ducks and drakes is of high antiquity, being ele- 
 gantly described by IMinutius Felix. 
 
 Dud, a rag. Gael. dud. — Duds, clothes of a dii-tj' or inferior 
 kind. V. Jam. — Dudman, a scare-crow. 
 
 DuLLBiRT, DuLBURT, DuLBARD, a stupid persou, a blockhead. 
 Q.Dullbirth? 
 
 Dull, hard of hearing. Same in Scotland. 
 
 DuMFouNDED, pcrplcxcd, confused. V. Jam. dumfounder. 
 
 Dumpy, sullen. — In the Dumps, a fit of sullenness. Dut. 
 dom, dull, stupid. 
 
 DuNGEONABLE, slu'cwd, or as the vulgar express it, devilish. — 
 As Tartarus, signifies hell and a dungeon ; so dungeon is 
 applied to both. — Rai/.
 
 G2 DUNS 
 
 DuNSH, DuNCH, to push or jog with the elbow. Teut. donsen. 
 
 DuNTER, a porpoise. 
 
 DusH, to push with violence. Teut. doesen, pulsare cum im- 
 
 petu. 
 Dust, tumult, uproar. " To kick up a dust." Su.-Got. di/st, 
 
 dust, tumultus, fragor. Also money. " Down with your 
 
 dust." 
 DwiNE, to pine, to be in a decline or consumption. Sax. dwi- 
 
 nan, tabescere. — Dwiny, ill thriven. — Dwain, a fainting 
 
 fit, or swoon. 
 And then hee sickened more and more, and dried and 
 izeincd avfay.^Hist. Prince Arthur, part 3, chap. 175. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eald, old age. Pure Saxon. Chaucer has elde, and Shak. 
 
 eld. 
 Eam, Eame, uncle. Sax. eame. 
 
 Henry Hotspur, and his came, 
 The Earl of Wor'ster — Drayton, Pohjolhioti. 
 
 The nephues straight depos'd were by the eame. 
 
 Mirror for Magistrates. 
 
 Ear, a kidney, as the ear of veal. It is supposed to be so 
 called from its resemblance to an ear, and being a name 
 more delicate than Iddney ; but it is probably a corruption 
 of Germ, mere, a kidney. The old name, presenting a less 
 familiar idea, might be retained from delicacy, as the old 
 French words mutton, veal, beef, and pork, are considered 
 less offensive than sheep, calf, ox, and pig, when these 
 animals are brought to table. 
 
 Earn, Yearn, to coagiUate milk. V. J\we, rccnna. 
 
 Earning, Yearning, rennet. Sax. gerunmng.
 
 EIGH 63 
 
 Easings, eaves of a house. Sax. efcse. Peii's Ploughman has 
 
 evesynges. 
 Eath, Eith, eas}'. Sax. eath. 
 
 Where ease abounds yt's eath to do amiss — Sjynscr, F. Q. 
 Eaver, Eever, a corner or quarter of the heavens, V. WiJb. 
 
 and see Art. 
 Edder, the long part of fence wood put upon the top of 
 
 fences. Dr. John, says, not in use ; but I have heai'd it 
 
 in most of the Northern counties. 
 
 Save edder and stake 
 
 Strong hedge to make. — Tusser, Huslandry. 
 
 Ee, singular of eye. Sax. eag. — Een, plural. Sax. eagan. 
 Chaucer uses eyen, for the eyes. 
 
 Ee, a spout ; as the mill-ee. 
 
 Eeleators, young eels from two to five inches long. Hordes 
 of little urchins wander about the shores of the Tyne, 
 at low water, in search of them under the stones. When 
 secured by the head, they use the following jargon, 
 " Eele ! Eeleaator ! cast yoiu* tail intiv a knot, and aw'l 
 thraw you into the waater." 
 
 Eem, leisure. Seldom, I think, used, except in Cumb. V. 
 Wilb. 
 
 Egg, Egg-on, to instigate, to incite. Sax. cggian. 
 
 Wherfore, they that cggeii or consenten to the sinne, 
 been partners of the sinne, and of the dampna- 
 tion of the sinner Chaucer, Persones Tale. 
 
 Eggler, a person who goes about the country collecting eggs 
 for sale. 
 
 EiGH, Eve, Aye, yes. The use of this adverb is perhaps more 
 characteristic of a Northern dialect than any other word 
 that could be named, as it is nearly universal and uniform ;
 
 64 EKEO 
 
 though it is probable it was at first merely a provincial 
 mode of pronouncing the old ya. So far as I remember, 
 it does not occur in Chaucer ; nor am I aware that it is to 
 be met with in any publication, older than the tune of 
 Shakspeare. 
 
 Eke-out, to use sparingly. Chaucer has eeke, to add to, to 
 increase. 
 
 Elbow-grease, hai'd rubbing, or any persevering exercise 
 with the arms. " Lucernum olere," old Prov. 
 
 Eldin, Elding, fuel, such as turf, peat, or wood. Sax. aelet. 
 Isl. elldr. Dan. ild. 
 
 Elf-locks, entangled or clotted haii-. It was supposed to be 
 a spiteful amusement of Queen Mab, and her subjects, to 
 twist the hair of human beings, or the manes and tails of 
 horses, into hard knots, which it was not fortunate to 
 
 loose. 
 
 This is that very Mab, 
 That plats the manes of horses in the night ; 
 And bakes the elf-locks in foul sluttish hairs, 
 Which, once untangled, much misfortune bodes. 
 
 Shuk. Rom. and Jul. 
 
 Elf-shots, the name vulgarly given to the flint arrow heads 
 of our ancestors, supposed to have been shot by fairies. 
 
 There every herd, by sad experience knows 
 How wing'd with fate, their elf-shot arrows fly. 
 
 When the sick ewe her summer food foregoes, 
 Or stretch'd on earth the heai-t-smit heifers lie. 
 
 Ode, Poj). Superst'd. Jligldands, p. 10. 
 
 Ell-dockjens, butter bur, great colts' -foot. Tusselago major, 
 
 — North. 
 Ellek, Eluck, Alexander. 
 Elleb, Aller, the alder. Sax. eelr. Germ, eller. This
 
 EVIL 65 
 
 tree abounds in the North more than in any other part of 
 the kingdom, and seems always to have been there hehl in 
 great respect and veneration. A contrary notion — coun- 
 tenanced by Shakspeai'e — has, liowever, prevailed, in con- 
 quence of Judas, as it is said, having been hanged on a 
 tree of this kind ; but for which I have in vain searched 
 for an ancient authority. 
 
 Ell-mother, step mother. 
 
 Else, already. Sax. elles. 
 
 Elsin, Elson, an awl. Tent, aehene, subula. " A cobbler's 
 elson." 
 
 Elspith, Elizabeth. 
 
 End-irons, two large moveable iron plates used to contract 
 the fire place. When a great fire is wanted they are placed 
 at a distance ; and nearer for a small one. V. Skinner, 
 and-iro7is. 
 
 Enoo, Exow, by and I)y. " Aw'l come enoo." 
 
 EsH, the ash tree. Teut. esc/i. 
 
 Etow, or Atoo, broken in two. 
 
 Ettle, to intend, to attempt, to take aim. V. Ihre. cptfa. 
 
 EvENDOON, even down, plain, honest, downright. " Even doon- 
 thump." 
 
 Evil-eye, an envious, malicious eye. 
 
 You shall not find me, daughter, 
 After the slander of most step-mothers. 
 Evil-eyed unto you. Shak. Cyniheline. 
 
 The superstitious supposed the first morning glance of a 
 person with an evil-eye to be certain destruction to man 
 or beast. Though the effect might not be instantaneous, 
 it was eventually sure. If he, who had this unfortunate 
 propensity, were well disposed, he cautiously glanced his 
 
 K
 
 66 EWEG 
 
 eye on some inanimate object, to prevent the direful con- 
 sequences. Connected with an evil-eye, is a common ex- 
 ]3ression in the North, " no one shall say black is your eye^^ 
 i. e. no body can justly speak ill of you. 
 
 Doll, in disdaine, doth from her heeles defie ; 
 The best that breathes shall tell her black^s tier eye : 
 And that it's true she speaks, who can say nay ? 
 When none that lookes on't but will sweare 'tis gray. 
 
 Old Epigram. 
 Tho' he no worth a plack is. 
 His awn coat on his back is. 
 And nane can say tfiat hlack is. 
 
 The white o' Johnny's ee. 
 
 Song, The Keel Row. 
 
 EwE-GovvAN, the common daisy. North Tindale. 
 Ewer, Ure, Yure, an udder. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fad, fashioned. " 111 fad." The Scotch have ill'faur'' d, ill 
 favoured, and weel-faur'd, well favom'ed. In Promptorium 
 Parvulorum sive Clericormn,we find, " com\y or ^weW far ynge 
 in shape ; elegans ;" and in Hormanni Vulgaria, we have, 
 " he looked unfaringly, aspectu fuit incomposito." See 
 Farand. 
 
 Fad, Faud, a bundle of straw, twelve of which make a thrave. 
 Sax. feald, plica. 
 
 Fadge, a bundle, as of sticks. Siv.fagga, onerai'e. 
 
 Fadge, a small flat loaf, or thick cake. Vwfouace. 
 
 Faggot, a contemptuous epithet for a female. " Faggot of 
 misery." " Idle Faggot." 
 
 Faikes ! Faix ! faith, upon my faith.
 
 FANT 67 
 
 Fain, glad. " Fair words make fools fain." — Prov. Sax. 
 fccgan. \A.fegmn. 
 
 Ah- York, no man alive so fain as I. 
 
 Shak. 2. Hen. VI. 
 
 Fair, Fairing, a present at or from a fair. " How are you 
 
 for ray fair ?" — " How are you for mine, aw spoke first." 
 Fair-fall-you, a blessing attend you. 
 
 Fairy-butter, a fungus excrescence, sometimes found about 
 the roots of old trees. After great rains, and in a certain 
 degree of putrefaction, it is reduced to a consistency, which, 
 together with its coloiu", makes it not unlike butter. 
 Fairv-rings, circles of dai'k green grass, frequently visible in 
 meadow fields; round which, according to Fairy mytho- 
 log}', these " pretty ladies" were accustomed to dance by 
 moonlight. 
 
 " Those rings and roundelayes 
 
 which yet remaine, 
 
 On many a grassy plaine." 
 
 Fairie''s Farewell. 
 
 They do request you now 
 To give them leave to dance a fairy-nng. 
 
 Randolph, Amyntat. 
 
 The footseps of fairy and fay 
 
 In the grassplot are plain to be seen, 
 
 Where at midnight, in dancing the hay, 
 They lighten the cares of their Queen. 
 
 Dcrvjcnt, an Ode, p. 1 2. 
 
 Familous, relating to a family. " 'Tis a familous complaint." 
 Fand, found. 
 
 Fantome-corn, lank, light corn. — Fantome-iiay, light, well 
 gotten hay. V. Ray.
 
 G8 FAR A 
 
 Faraxp, .?. state of preparation for a journey — fashion, man- 
 ner, custom. — Farand-man, a traveller or itinerant mer- 
 chant. — Farant, a. equipped for a journey — fashioned, 
 shaped ; as fight'ing-farant, in the fighting way or fashion ; 
 well or ill-farant, well or ill looking. See Aud-farant. — 
 Fauantly, adv. orderly, in regular or established modes. 
 — All these expressions may be traced to the old verb 
 fare, (from Sax. faran,) to be on a journey. We may, as 
 remarked by Dr. Willan, wonder at the ideas of foresight, 
 preparation, and formal st}'le, connected with a journey in 
 oiu" island ; but on reverting to the tune of the Heptarchy, 
 when no collateral facilities aided the traveller, we shall be 
 convinced that a journey of any considerable extent, must 
 have been an undertaking that would require much previous 
 calculation, and nice arrangement. Indeed, within the last 
 century, what we now call a trip from Newcastle to Lon- 
 don, was considered so perilous an enterprize, that the 
 traveller, as a necessary precaution, regularly made a will, 
 and arranged his most important affairs. 
 
 Fare, to near or approach. " The cow fares a-calving." 
 
 Farlies, trifles. " Spying farlies." — Farlies, or Ferlies, 
 strange things ; properly sudden, or unexpected. Sax. 
 ferlice. The word occurs in Peirs Ploughman, and in the 
 writings of Chaucer, Drayton, and others. 
 
 Farn, or Farex-tickled, freckled, sun burnt. — Farn-tickles, 
 freckles on the skin ; said to be from resembling the seeds 
 of the fern — -freckled with fern ; but perhaps, fair and 
 tickled, fair and freckled. 
 
 Fassens-een, Fasting^ s-eren. Shrove Tuesday evening. The 
 eve of the mass of the great feast, or feasting' s even. 
 
 Fash. v. to trouble, to teaze. " I cannot be fash'd." Fr. 
 facher. — Fash, s. trouble, care, anxiety. Fr. facherie. — 
 Fashious, a. troublesome. Fr. fachciur, facheuse.
 
 FECK 69 
 
 Fast and Loose, or Puick ix the Belt, a cheating game, still 
 occasionally practised by Jaws, and low sharpers at fairs. 
 r. Nares. 
 Fat-hen, nuick weed, or goose foot. Chenopodium album. 
 Fai D, Fad, fold yard. — Pin-f.U), pinfold. Sax. /aid, stabulum. 
 Faugh, fallow. Mr. Wilbraham says an abbreviation of the 
 word ; but is it not from Isl. faaga, polire, or Su.-Got. 
 feia velfceia, purgare ? 
 Favour, to resemble, to have a similai* countenance or appear- 
 ance. " He favours his father." Cheshire has no exclu- 
 sive claim to this word. V. Wilb. 
 Good Faith, me thinks that this young Lord Chamont 
 Favours my mother, sister, doth he not ? 
 
 Ben Jon. Case is Altered. 
 
 Faws, itinerant tinkers, or venders of pottery wai'e ; generally 
 accompanied by their wives and families. Like then* an- 
 cestors the gipsies, the female branches are still famous at 
 palmistry and fortune telling. In Lodge's Illustrations of 
 Brit. Hist. vol. i., p. 13.5, is a curious letter from the Jus- 
 tices of DiH-ham to the Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Presi- 
 dent of the Council in the North, dated 19th Jan. 1549, 
 concerning the gipsies and faws. — Faw-gang, a company 
 of riffraff. 
 
 Feal, to hide. " He that feals can find."— Prov. M.fel, 
 occultare. 
 
 Fearful, Fearfoo, very, exceeding. " Fearful sorry" — very 
 sorry. 
 
 Feat, neat, dextrous. Su.-Got. faff, apt, ready. — Featly, 
 dextrously. 
 
 She dances fcatli/ S7lal^:. Whiter^s Talc. 
 
 Feck, might, activity, abundance. Perhaps Sa\.faccl(, space. 
 In Scotland, Feck, is quantity ; mani/ feck, plenty ; lUtlc
 
 70 FECK 
 
 fech, scarcity. Germ, fach, a portion or compartment ; 
 einfach, single; tweyfach, double; mehrfach, many fold. 
 
 Feckful, strong, powerful, brawny. 
 
 Feckless, feeble, helpless, inefficient. 
 
 Fell, s. a rocky hill, a mountain or common scarcely admit- 
 ting of cultivation. Isl. fell, one mountain resting on 
 another. Su.-Got. fiacll, a ridge of mountains. Germ. 
 fels, a rock. 
 
 Fell, a. sharp, keen. Hence /e//, savage, cruel, &c. 
 
 Fellon, a disease in cows, occasioned by cold. Skinner de- 
 rives it from Sax. feUe, cruel, on account of the anguish 
 the complaint occasions ; and the autlior of the Crav. Gloss, 
 from Dut. felen or feylen, to fail ; because milch cows, 
 which are subject to it, fail of giving their milk ; or from 
 hellen, to bow or hang down, as the udders of cows are 
 frequently enlarged in this disease. A cutaneous eruption 
 in children is also called the fellon. 
 
 Feltered, entangled. 
 
 'Ri^.fdtred locks that on his bosom fell. — Fairfax. 
 
 Femmer, weak, slender. Isi.framur, mollis. 
 
 Fen, to appear to do any thing neatly, or adroitly, not to be 
 deterred by shame. — Fensome, neat, becoming, adroit. 
 " I cannot fen," signifies I am restrained by a sort of awe 
 arising from the presence of some person for whom I have 
 a respect or dread. 
 
 Fend, to make a shift, to be industrious, to struggle with diffi- 
 culties, to ward off. " He fends hard for a Hving." It is 
 also used in allusion to the state of health, as " \\ovi fends 
 it," i. e. how are you in health. — Fendy, good at making 
 a shift, warding off want. Fend, is an old word for sup- 
 port.
 
 FETT 71 
 
 Fend and Prove, to argue and defend. 
 
 Fere, Fibre, a brother, friend, or companion. Sax. gefcra, 
 socius. 
 
 And here's a hand, my trusty ^ere, 
 
 And gie's a hand o' thine : 
 And we'll tak a right gude willie-waught, 
 
 For auld lang syne. Btirns, Aiild Lang Sync. 
 
 The word is used by Spenser for a husbaml. 
 But faire Clarissa to a lovely fen; 
 Was lincked, and by him had many pledges dere. 
 
 SpenciT, Faerie Quecnc. 
 
 Fest, to bind or place out an apprentice under an indentm'e. 
 Su.-Got. faesfa, to fasten. — Festing-penny, money given 
 by way of earnest, to a servant, at a hii'ing. 
 Fest, or The Fest, a place at the Quay, Newcastle, where 
 keelmen generally receive their orders. 
 There pitmen, with baskets and gay i)oesy waistcoats. 
 
 Discourse about nought but whee puts and hews best ; 
 
 Thei'c keelmen, just landed, swear may they be stranded ; 
 
 If they're not shav'd first while their keel's at the_^i/. 
 
 Song, Quayside Sliaver. 
 
 Fettle, v. to put in order, to repau- or mend any thing that is 
 broken or defective. Dr. John, explains this word " to 
 do trifling business, to ply the hands without labom*," and 
 calls it a cant word from feel. Mr. Todd corrects this 
 mistake, and quoting Grose's definition which is different 
 from that here assigned to it, thinks it probably comes from 
 Su.-Got. f J/ fct, studium. The word has the same meaning 
 in Cheshire as that which I have given, and Mr. Wilbra- 
 ham says, " it appears to me to be derived with some de- 
 flection of the word, faire, to do, which itself comes from 
 the Latin facere. The nearest which occurs to me is the
 
 72 FETT 
 
 old French word fnifio-e, which has exactly the same mean- 
 ing as our substantive fettle, and is explained by Roque- 
 fort, in his Glossaire de la Langue Romaine, by Fafon, 
 mode, forme" S^c. 
 
 Fettle, s. order, good condition, proper repair. Used by 
 Roger Ascham, in his Toxophilus. 
 
 Few, is used not only for a small number, but also for a little 
 quantity ; as a " little y<?w broth." 
 
 Fiddlestick, an interjectional expression of disbelief or doubt, 
 usually bestowed on any absurd, nonsensical conversation. 
 
 FiDGiNG, uneasy, impatient. 
 
 Fig, to supply ginger to a horse, to excite him to carry a fine 
 tail. A common practice at fairs. 
 
 FiKE, V. to fidget, to be restless or busied about trifles. Su.- 
 Got. film, cursitare. — Fike, s. restlessness, trifling cares. — 
 FiKEY, a. fidgetty, minutely troublesome. 
 
 File, to soil, to foul, to defile. Sax. afylan, contaminare. 
 
 FiNMKiNG, FiNNiKY, trifling, scrupulously particular. Perhaps 
 variations oi finical. 
 
 FiPPLE, the under li[). " See how he hangs his fipple^ V. 
 i-eaw.faiple. 
 
 First-foot, the name given to the person w\io first enters a 
 house on New Year\<; Dai/ — regarded by the superstitious 
 and the credulous as influencing the fate of the family, espe- 
 cially the fair part of it, for the remainder of the year. To 
 exclude all suspected or unlucky persons, I find, it is cus- 
 tomary for one of the damsels to engage, before hand, some 
 favom'ed youth, who — elated with so signal a mark of female 
 distinction — gladly comes enrli/ in the morning, and never 
 empty handed. 
 
 FissLE, FisTLiNG, to make a rustling noise, to fidget. Teut, 
 futselen, agitare.
 
 FLEE 73 
 
 FiTT, to vend or load coals. — Fitter, the vender or loader. — 
 Running-fitter, his deputy. 
 
 Fix-fax, a sort of gristle, the tendon of the neck. Germ. 
 fiachse. 
 
 Fizz, to scorch, to fly off, to make a hissing noise, l^.fysa. 
 — Fiz-GiG, a comical person. — Fizzle, a jocular name for 
 a mistake of the most offensive kind. 
 
 FizzoG, Physiog, the face. Contraction of Physiognomy. 
 
 Flacker, to flutter, to vibrate like the wings of a bird under 
 alarm, to quiver, Su,-Got, fleckra. Germ, fiackern. — 
 Flicker is used by Chaucer and Shakspeare. 
 
 Flah, Flaw, a square piece of turf, dried and used as fuel. — 
 ^ax.flean, to flay off. 
 
 Flam, a fall — also flattery bordering on a lie. 
 
 Flapper-ghasted, frightened, as if by a ghost. Moor has 
 Jlabber-gasted, astonished, confused. 
 
 Flaut, Flought, a roll of wool carded ready for spinning. 
 
 Flay, to frighten. — Flay'd, affrighted, terrified, timorous. — 
 " Aw's flayed," I'm afraid. — Flaying, an apparition or hob- 
 goblin. — Flay-some, frightful. — Flay-cravv, a scare-crow. 
 
 Flea-bite, Flee-bite, a ludicrous designation for any trivial 
 pain or danger. 
 
 Flecked, spotted, streaked. \^\.flecka, discolor. 
 
 Fleech, to supplicate in a flattering manner, to wheedle. — 
 TevA.Jletsen. — Fleeching, flattering, supplicating. 
 
 Flee or Fly-by-t he-sky, a silly, flirting, absurdly dressed, gig- 
 gling gii-1. 
 
 Fleet, shallow ; as a fleet pan or vessel, fleet water. Sax. 
 fleding, fluxus. 
 
 Fleet-milk, milk without cream ; from the \exh fleet, to skim 
 off the suiface.
 
 74 FLEI 
 
 FhF.i^G-TZATnEV., flj/ing-adder,the pond or marsh fly. The vul- 
 gar are afraid of being stung by it. 
 Flick of bacon, a side or flitch of bacon. Sax. ^icce. 
 
 Another broughte a spycke 
 Of a hacon Jlicke Skelton. 
 
 JE^LIGGED, fledged. " Flig'd o'er the rfowp." Isl. fleigur ; 
 
 h&nce JliggerSy young birds that can fly. 
 Flinders, shreds, broken pieces, splinters. Dut. fientem. 
 Fling, to dance in a peculiar manner, as the Highland fling. 
 
 Also to kick. 
 
 The angry beast. 
 Began to kick antX Jling. 
 
 Butler, Hiidibras. 
 
 Flire, to laugh, or rather to have a countenance expressive of 
 laughter, without laughing out. \s\.flyra, subridere. 
 
 Flisk, to skip or bounce. " She's afiisky jade." Su.-Got. 
 flasa, lascivire, or Sv/.flasig, frolicksome. 
 
 Flirtigig, a wanton, giggling lass. 
 
 Flit, to remove from one habitation to another. Su.-Got. 
 flytta. — Flitting, the act of removing. — Moonlight-flit- 
 ting, going away in debt to the landlord. 
 
 Flite, to scold, to make a great noise. Sax.flitan, to brawl. 
 — Fliting, scolding, brawling. 
 
 Flity, giddy, light headed. " Aflity body." 
 
 Flow, Flough, cold, windy, boisterous, bleak. " Its flow 
 weather." " Here's a flow day." 
 
 Flowter, a fright. — Flowtered, affrighted. 
 
 Fluck, Flook, Flucker, Jenny-flucker, a flounder. Sax. 
 floe, a flat fish. 
 
 Flvm, flumviery, flattery. 
 
 Flung, deceived, beaten. " He was sadly flung."
 
 FOUM 75 
 
 Flusteration, hurry, confusion, sudden impulse. 
 Fly-by-night, a worthless person who gets into debt, and runs 
 
 off, leaving the house empty. 
 Fog, the grass grown in autumn alter the hay is mown. 
 
 One with another they would lie and play. 
 
 And in the deep fog batten all the day. — Drot/ton. 
 
 Foist, to smell nuisty. Not in Todd's John, as a verb. 
 Footing, an entertainment given on entering at a school, or on 
 
 any new place or office. 
 Fond, foolish. An old Northern word. — Fond-as-a-bissom, 
 
 remarkably silly, ridiculously good-natured. 
 Force, or Forse, a cascade or waterfall. Sii.-Got. fors, a 
 
 cataract. The High Force in Teesdale is an object of great 
 
 sublimity. 
 FoREBY, besides, over and above. Dan./o;/;/, by, past, over. 
 FoRE-ELDEB, an ancestor. Sax. forcaldian. 
 Fore-end, the beginning of a week, month, or year. 
 
 I have lired at honest freedom ; pay'd 
 More pious debts to heaven than in all 
 The forc-cnd of my time. 
 
 Shuk. Cymhclinc. 
 
 FoRE-HEET, forethought ; from Fore-heed, to pre-consider. — 
 Having-to-tiie-fore, having any thing ready or forth- 
 coming. 
 
 Forenenst, opposite to, over against, towards — as in part pay- 
 ment of a debt. 
 
 FoRKiN-ROBBiN, an ear wig ; so called from its forked tail. — 
 Ray. 
 
 Foumart, Foomart, a pole cat. Foulmarl. Old Eng. fnfi- 
 mart.
 
 76 FOZY 
 
 FozY, Fuzzy, light and spung}'. Sax. wosig, humidus. Teut. 
 voos, spongiosus. 
 
 FouT, FoAVT, an indulged or spoiled child ; any foolish person. 
 
 FouTER, a despicable low fellow. — Fouty, Footy, base, mean. 
 Old Vr.foutii, a scoundrel. 
 
 Frame, to attempt. " He frames well" — he appears to do it 
 well. " How does he frame" — how does he set about it. 
 Sax.fremman, efficere et formare. 
 
 Fratch, to scold, to quarrel. — Fratcher, a scold, or quarrel- 
 some person. 
 
 Fratished, perished, half frozen. 
 
 Freelage, the freedom, or privilege, of a burgess. — Xetvc. 
 Germ, frilatz, free. 
 
 Freet, Freit, a spectre or frightfvU object, a superstitious ob- 
 servance or charm, \si.frett, an oracle. 
 
 Frem'd, strange, foreign, not related to. — Frem'd-person, a 
 stranger. Sax. and Germ. //-fwV/. Dan. /rem /«e^. The 
 word is also used to denote any thing u^icommon. " It's 
 rzXhev frem\l to be ploughing with snow on the ground." 
 
 Fresh, the swelling of a river, a flood, a thaw. 
 
 The butter, the cheese, and the bannocks. 
 
 Dissolved like snow in a. fresh. 
 And still as they stuck in their stomachs. 
 
 With liquor they did them down wash. 
 
 The Mitfurd Galloway^s Ramhle. 
 
 Fresh, metaphorically, partly intoxicated. — Fou, quite tipsey. 
 — Drunk as Neivgate, Drunk as a lord, completely be- 
 sotted. 
 
 Fret, Freet, to lament, to grieve. " She freets dreadfully 
 after the bairns." 
 
 Fretten, spotted, marked ; as pock-fretten. Sax. frothian, 
 fricare.
 
 FUDG 77 
 
 FniDAY. This in the calendar of superstition is a clay of ill 
 omen, on which no new work or enterprize must be begun. 
 Marriages, I believe, seldom happen on it, from this cause. 
 Dr. Buchanan, in his interesting paper on the religion and 
 literature of the Burmas (Asiatic Reseai'ches, vol. 6. p. 172) 
 informs us, that with them " Friday is a most unlucky day 
 on which no business must be commenced," 
 
 " Friday's moon. 
 Come when it will, it comes too soon."— jProi'. 
 
 Frim, handsome, thriving, in good case. Sax. /r^orw, fortis. 
 
 Froating, anxious, unremitting industry. 
 
 Frough, loose, spungy, easily broken ; often applied to wood, 
 
 as brittle is to mineral substances. 
 Frow, Frowe, a slattern, a lusty female, Dut. vrow. Germ. 
 
 fmu. 
 
 Buxom as Bacchus' /ro«. 
 
 Bcaiim. ^ Flct. Wit at scv. Weapons. 
 
 Fruggan, the pole with which the ashes in an oven are stirred. 
 FuDDER, FooTHER, f other, as much as a two-horse cart will 
 
 contain. Sax.futher, a wain-load. 
 Fuddle, food nie, drinking to excess, so as to make ale the 
 chief food. 
 
 Oh ! the rare virtues of this barley broth ; 
 To rich and poor it's meat and drink and cloth. 
 
 Praise of Yorkshire Ate, p. 6. 
 
 " Merrily, merrily fitddle thy nose, 
 
 '« Until it right rosy shall be ; 
 " For a jolly red nose, I speak under the rose, 
 
 " Is a sign of good company." 
 
 Fuddle, to intoxicate fish. Unacknowledged by Waltonians. 
 Fudge, fabulous. ^a\. fccgnn, according to Skinner, a merry 
 story. — Fudgy, a little fat person. — Crai\ Gloss.
 
 78 FUFF 
 
 FijFF, to blow or pufF. Germ, pfnffen. — Fuffv, light and soft. 
 Fur, a furrow. Sax. fur. — Rig-and-fur, ridge and furrow. 
 
 " Rig and furr'd stockings." 
 FvSBA,fuzzball, a fungus found in fields, which, when ."pressed, 
 
 emits quantities of dust. 
 Fusome, handy, handsome, neat. 
 
 Fuss, to attempt to do any thing in a huiried or confused man- 
 ner. 
 
 G. 
 Gab, ?>. to prate, to tattle. An old word.-^GAB, Gabbing, GoisJ^ ' 
 
 s. idle talk, prating. 
 Gad, Gaed, a fishing rod. Sax. gad, stimulus. 
 Gadding, gossiping — going about from house to house. 
 Gageb, Gadger, an exciseman. From to gauge, a part of his 
 
 employment. 
 Gaily, pretty well ; a common answer to^rfie '^al\itation, " How 
 arc you?" — Gay, tolerable. " He's.a'§a^.sort of person." 
 Also considerable. " A gay while'.'Jjc.^ ' v' 
 Gain, aciuious Northumbrian expression, of doubtful etymo- 
 logy, and of various signification, generally attached to 
 other words to express a degree of ccfmparison ; as gain 
 quiet — pretty quiet ; gain brave — tolerably courageous ; 
 gain near — conveniently near or at hand. , 
 
 Gaitings, single sheaves of corn set up to dry. Isl. gat. for- 
 amen. 
 Gaee, Geyal, to ache with cold ; as the fingers do when frost 
 bitten ; or when very cold water is taken in the mouth. — 
 Also to fly open with heat or dryness, as is often the case 
 with particular kinds of wood, such as holly, box, &c. — 
 The first sense is perhaps from Lat. gelu, frost, cold ; or 
 from Germ, gellen, to tingle. 
 Galley-bauk, a balk in a chimney, with a crook, on which to 
 hang pots, &c.
 
 GAUV 70 
 
 Gam, to make game of, to quiz, 
 
 Gant, or Gaunt, to yawn. Sax. ganian. 
 
 Gan, Gang, to go. Sax. gan. — Gang, a row or set. — Gang- 
 way, a temporary passage or thoroughfare. Sw. gaang, a 
 passage. 
 
 Gantree, Gantry, a stand for ale or beer barrels. V. Jam. 
 
 Gar, to make, to force, to compel, " I'll gar you do it." — 
 Dan. giore. 
 
 Gars, Gurse, grass. Sax. gcsrs. — Gursing, a grazhig, a pas- 
 ture. 
 
 Garsil, small branches cut for the purpose of mending hedges. 
 Smiilar to rice. 
 
 Garth, a small inclosure adjoining to a house. Sax. geard, a 
 yard. The church-yard is called the kirk-garth. 
 
 Gate, Gait, a right of pasturage for cattle. Their straj- or 
 grazing for any specified time. 
 
 Gate, Gyet, a way, path, or street. In many of the Northern 
 towns the name^ of, streets which end with gate, as Bailiff- 
 gate, Narrow-gate, &c. have no allusion to gates having 
 ever been there. Isl. gata. 
 
 Gaum, to comprehend, to understand, to distinguish, to consi- 
 der. Moe.-Got. gaumgan. Teut. gauw. 
 
 GAUMLESis, silly, ignorant, vacant. 
 
 Gaup, to stare vacantly. " What are ye gauping at." Dut. 
 gaapen, to gape. 
 
 Gawky, s. a vacant, staring, idiotical person. Sw. gaek. Germ. 
 geek, a fool. 
 
 Gawky, a. awkward, stupid, foolish. See Gowk. 
 
 Gauve, to stare about in a clownish manner. Germ, gaffen, 
 adspectare. V. Wachter. 
 
 Gav£lock, a strong iron bar used as a lever. Sax. gaveloc, 
 catapulta. Su.-Got. gaffla/c, ]a,culi genus apud veteres Sui- 
 ogothos.
 
 80 GAVE 
 
 Gavy, an ungainly female, " of a strange gait, and of unco man- 
 ners." 
 
 Gawvison, a simpleton, a gaping silly fellow. 
 
 Gear, stock or wealth of any kind. " A vast o' gear." Sax. 
 geara. — Gears, draught horse trappings. 
 
 Geck, to toss the head scornfully. Tent, glecken, ludere. 
 
 Ged. In the Northern parts of Northumherland, anglers call 
 the pike a ged. 
 
 We'll crack how mony a creel we've fill'd, 
 
 How mony a line we've flung, 
 How mony a ged and sawmon kill'd, 
 
 In day's when we were young. 
 
 Fisher's Garland, 1824. 
 
 Gee, an affront, stubbornness. " Took the gee" a common 
 phrase. 
 
 Geld, to deprive any thmg female of the power of generation. 
 This is its old sense, and is so used by Shak. in the Win- 
 ter's Tale, when Antigonus threatens his three daughters. 
 Its other sense, I believe, is general. 
 
 Gentles, maggots or grubs, used as bait for fishing. 
 
 Gesling, a gosling. Su.-Got. gaasling, 
 
 Gew-gaw, a Jew's harp, the Scotch trump. 
 
 GiBB, a hook. — Gibbon, Gibby, Gibby-stick, a walking stick 
 with a hook, or the top bent down for a handle ; a nut 
 hook. 
 
 Gibby-stick, confectionary in that form. 
 
 Gib-fish, the milter of the salmon. See some very curious in- 
 formation concerning it, in the North Country Angler, p. 
 39 and seq. 
 
 Gibraltar-rock, veined sweetmeat — sold in lumps, resembling 
 a rock.
 
 GIRD 81 
 
 GiF, if. Pure Saxon. 
 
 GiFF-GAFF, unpremeditated discourse. " Giff-gnff makes good 
 
 fellowship." 
 Gifts, white specks on the finger nails, presages of felicity, 
 
 not always realized. V. Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 639. 
 GiGLOT, a giddy laughing girl. Shak. has it in a worse sense. 
 Gilder, Gildert, a snare, made of horse hair or small wire, for 
 
 catching birds. Sec Bewick's cut of the Tawny Bunting. 
 
 GUer, deceiver, occurs in Chaucer. 
 Gill, a narrow glen with steep and rocky banks on each side, 
 
 and with a runner of water between these banks. Lsl. gil^ 
 
 fissura montium. 
 GiLLABEU, to chatter nonsense. " What are you gillabering 
 
 about," a true old Northumberland expression. 
 GiMLiCK, a gimlet. — Gimlick»eye, a squint, vulgo, cock-eye, 
 GiMMER, a female sheep from one to two years old. — Gelt- 
 
 GiMMER, a barren ewe. — A Gimmer-lamb, a ewe lamb. — 
 
 The word gimmer is also used contemptuously among the 
 
 lower orders of women in Newcastle. Q. Dut. gemalen? 
 Gimp, or Jimp, spruce, nice in person or manner. 
 Gin, if. Oki. V. Ray. 
 
 Gin a body meet a body, 
 
 Coming through the rye ; 
 Gin a body kiss a body. 
 
 Need a body cry ? — Scottish Ballad. 
 
 Ginger-pated, Ginger-heckl'd, red haired. 
 Gin.vey-tiv-a-shilling, the confident wager of the Knights of 
 
 the Cleaver. 
 Gird, Gurd, a hoop. Sax. gyrdel, cingulum. 
 Girdle, a circular iron plate, with a bow handle, on which 
 
 cakes are baked. In more simple times a slate, called a 
 ji
 
 82 GIRN 
 
 backstone, was used for the purpose. Su.-Got, grissel. V. 
 Ihre. 
 
 GiRNEGAVv, the cavity of the mouth. From girn, the old word 
 for, and present northern pronunciation of, grin. 
 
 GisERS, GuisERs, persons who dance in masks. A custom of 
 great antiquity, not yet obsolete. Teut. guyse-setter, 
 sannio. 
 
 GiSTiNG, the feeding of cattle, which, in some places, are called 
 gisements ; the tythe due for the profit made by such gist- 
 ing, where neither the land nor the cattle otherwise pay ^ 
 any thing. Old Fr. giste, demeure, habitation, endroit ou 
 Ton couche. Roquefort. 
 
 Give, to menace or threaten. " I'll give it you." 
 
 GiZENED, opened, cracked, pined ; as an empty cask exposed 
 to the sun. Isl. gisinn, hiulcus . 
 
 GizzERN, the gizzard. Fr. gesier. Old mode of spelling. 
 
 Glaky, giddy, unsteady, playful. 
 
 Glare, Glaur, dirt, filth. 
 
 Glave, smooth. Hence, glaver'mg, flattering. 
 
 Glavering, Glaivering, talking foolishly or heedlessly. 
 Germ, klaffen. 
 
 Glazener, a glazier. Very common. 
 
 Glead, a kite. Sax. glida. Su.-Got. glada, mUvus. 
 
 Glee, Gley, Glead, to squint. V. Ray. 
 
 Gleek, to deceive or beguile. In this sense is to be reail the 
 expression from Shakspeare, " I can gleek upon occa- 
 sion," misinterpreted by Hanmer and Pope, to joke, or scoff; 
 and given as an example, in Todd's John, under " to sneer," 
 to gibe, to droll upon. Mi-. Lambe, on this passage, sen- 
 sibly remarks, that, " a fool may utter rustic jokes or 
 scoffs ; but it requires some small share of art or wisdom, 
 to beguile or deceive."
 
 GOKE 83 
 
 Gleg, v. to glance, to look sharp. — Gleg, a. slippery j smooth, 
 
 so as to be easily moved. Also clever, adroit. Isl. gldggr, 
 
 acutus, perspectus. 
 Glent, to peep, to glance. Isl. glenna, pandere. 
 Guff, a slight or transient view, a glimpse, a fright. " Eh ! 
 
 what a gliff I'd getten in the kirk garth, the neet now ! 
 
 He was sect a tenth in the clecvers that gard him rin se 
 
 fast." 
 Glime, to glance slyly, to look out at the comer of an eye. 
 Glintin, Glinting, glancing, shining. 
 
 The Shepherd he's wliistling o'er Barrahurn brae. 
 And the sun beams are glintin far over the sea. 
 
 Fisher''s Garland, 1823. 
 
 Gloppen, to' startle, to surprize. — Gloppened, astonished, 
 
 frightened. Q. Germ, glupen ? 
 Glower, v. to gaze or stare with dilated eyes. Teut. gluyeren, 
 
 to look asquint. — Glower, s. a broad impudent stare. 
 Glumps, sulkiness. Chaucer has glombe, and Skelton ghcm. 
 
 — Glumpy, sullen or sour looking. — To sit glouping, to 
 
 sit silent or stupid. 
 Gob, the mouth ; hence to goblile. " Mump your gob, " scum 
 
 your gob,"" — low expressions in Newcastle. — Gob-stick, 
 
 a spoon. V. Moor, p. 146-7. 
 Gob-and-guts like a young Craw, a burlesque expression, 
 
 dealt out to ignorant people, too fond of talking. Of the 
 
 same kind is, No Guts in your Brains — gross stupidity. 
 Gobbet, a lump of meat — that which is put into the gob or 
 
 mouth. — Raw-gobbit, or Goi.burt, an unfledged bird. 
 
 Figuratively, any imcultivated person. •» 
 
 GoKE, Gowk, the core of an apple, the yoke of an egg, the in- 
 ner part of any thing.
 
 84 GOLL 
 
 Collar, Goller, to shout, to speak in a boisterous or mena- 
 cing manner. 
 
 Goneill, Gonneril, a half-wit, a dunce. 
 
 Goodman, the husband or master of the house. — Goodwoman, 
 the wife or mistress. 
 
 Gob, Gore, dirt, any thing rotten or decayed. Pure Saxon. 
 Glaur, has the same meaning. 
 
 Gossamer, down of plants, cobwebs, vapour arising from 
 boggy or marshy ground, in warm weather. There is an 
 excellent article on this word in the Crav. Gloss. 
 
 Got, a word called into action on almost every occasion. Ex, 
 
 She got her bed, and soon got about again. 
 
 He got to Newcastle, and got back before night. 
 
 The ship had got on the rocks, and then she was got off, 
 
 and got into harbour. 
 He got bad, he got worse, Jje got better, and 'then he got 
 
 well. 
 He got awny at last. . 
 
 Gotham, a cant name for Newcastle. 
 
 Heav'n prosper thee, Gotham! thou famous old town. 
 Of the Tyne the chief glory and pride ; 
 
 May thy heroes acquire immortal renown. 
 
 In the dread field of INIars, when they're try'd. 
 
 Song, Kiver Axea'. 
 
 GowD, GowDV, a toy, or play-thing. V. Todd's Joim. iraud. 
 
 GowDER, an obscene term ; borrowed, I suppose, from the in- 
 tercourse of foxes. Hence the name of Gowdy-cluue, in 
 Newcastle. 
 
 Gowk, a fool or simpleton ; the cuckoo. Teut. gauch. — 
 Ai'RiL-GOWK, April fool.
 
 GREE 85 
 
 GovvpEN, GowpiNG, the hollow of both hands placed together. 
 
 Isl. gaiqm. Su.-Got. goepn, nianus concava. — Gowpen- 
 
 FULL, as much as both hands united can hold. " Gold in 
 
 Gowpens." 
 GowsTY, GowsTLY, ghastly, frightful. Also dismal or uncom- 
 fortable, as applied to a house without ceiling, &c. " What 
 
 a goiL'sty holcTie lives in." 
 Gradely, decently, orderly. Sax. grad, ordo. 
 Grains, branches ; as the grains of a tree, the grains of a fork. 
 
 Su.-Got. gren, ramus. 
 Gbaith, to clothe or fiu-nish with any thing suitable. Sax, 
 
 gereedian. 
 Gbaithixg, clothing. From the verb. 
 Grange, a barn, granary, or store-house. Originally that 
 
 belonging to the lord of a manor, or to a monastery. Fr. 
 
 grange. 
 Grape, to feel. Sax. grapian. See, a good article in Moor, 
 
 Grojje. 
 Grape, a dung fork with three or more prongs. Su.-Got. 
 
 grepe, tridens. 
 Gravelled, vexed, mortified, perplexed. 
 Grawsome, Growsome, ugly, frightful. Derived by Dr. Wil- 
 
 lan from groiuse, to be chill ; to shiver, or to tremble with 
 
 horror. 
 Gray-stones, coarse mill-stones. Fr. groz. rough. 
 Great, Greet, intimate, familiar. 
 Gree, to agree. Old Fr. greer. To " bear the gree^^ to be 
 
 victorious. 
 Greedy-gut, a voracious eater. — Greedy-hounds, hungry 
 
 persons. 
 Green-table, the large table in the Guildhall, of Newcastle.
 
 86 GREE 
 
 The jailor, for trial, had brought up a thief, 
 
 Whose looks seemed a passport for Botany Bay ; 
 The lawyers, some tvith and some wanting a brief. 
 Around the green table were seated so gay. 
 
 Song, My Lord 'Size. 
 
 Greeney, the green grosbeak. Le Verdicr, Buffon. 
 
 Greet, to cry, to weep. An old word. — Grat, wept. 
 
 Grey-hen, a large stone bottle. Often used on the borders 
 for holding smuggled whiskey. Fr. bouteille de gres, a 
 stone bottle. V. Moor, grey-beard. 
 
 Grey-hen, the female of the black-cock. 
 
 Grime, to mark or daub with soot. This is the only proper 
 meaning of this Shakspearian word. — Grimy, sooty. 
 
 Grip, to grasp fast by the hand. Sax. gripan, to gripe. 
 
 Grip, Gruap, Groop, the space where the dung lies in a cow 
 housg, having double rows of stalls ; that is, the opening 
 or hollow between them. Sax. grcBp, a trench or sink. 
 Hence the Javel Grooj}, in Newcastle. 
 
 Grippy, mean, avaricious, hardly honest. Sax. gripend, ra- 
 piens. 
 
 Groaning, an accouchement. Etymon plain. 
 
 Groaning-cake, the cake provided in expectation of the ac- 
 couchement. It seems from time immemorial to have been 
 an object of superstition, and persons have been known to 
 keep a piece for many years. 
 
 Groaning-chair, the chair in which the matron sits to receive 
 visits of congratulation. 
 
 Groaning-cheese, or the Sick Wife's Cheese, a large Che- 
 shire cheese provided on the same occasion as the cake. 
 I understand a slice of the first cut laid under the pillow, 
 enables young damsels to dream of their lovers, particularly
 
 GUMS 87 
 
 if previously tossed in a certain nameless part of the mid- 
 wife's apparel. In all cases it must be pierced with three 
 pins, taken from the child's pincushion. 
 
 Groats, oats with the hulls taken off, but unground. Sax. 
 grid, grout. Groats were formerly much used in the com- 
 position of black puddings, which see. Hence the northern 
 proverb, " blood without groats is nothing," meaning that 
 family without fortune is of no consequence. A street in 
 Newcastle is called the Groat-in&rket. 
 
 Grobble, to make lioles. 
 
 Groser, Grozkr, a gooseberry. Fr. groseille. Lat. grossula. 
 
 Groves, the refuse of tallow chandlers, made into thick cakes 
 as food for dogs. 
 
 Gruff, rough, savage, imperious. Su.-Got. grof, crassus. 
 
 Grumphev, a species of jostling among school boys, in en- 
 deavoiu-ing to hide any thing which one takes from another. 
 
 GuKST, a ghost. Sax. gast. The streets of Newcastle, it is 
 said, were haunted by a nightly guest, in the shape of a dog, 
 calf, or pig, to the no small terror of such as were afraid of 
 shadows. Their gambols were frequently performed in the 
 neighbourhood of the old " Dog-loup-stairs." 
 
 GuESTNiNG, an hospitable welcome — a warm reception. Isl. 
 gisting, hospitum. 
 
 GuiL, or GuiLE-FAT, or Vat, a wort-tub in which the liquor 
 ferments. Dut. gyl-ku'ip. 
 
 GuLLEY, a large knife used in fiu'm houses, principally to cut 
 bread, cheese, &c. for the family. Perhaps, originally a 
 butcher's, for the gvilet, 
 
 GuMSHON, Gumption, common sense, combined with energy ; 
 shrewd intelligence ; a superior understanding. An ex- 
 cellent word, of high antiquitj- — referred by Dr. Jamieson 
 to Moe.-Got. gaum-jan, percipere.
 
 HAAM 
 
 H. 
 
 Haams, HAiMES, Hame-sticks, two pieces of crooked wood 
 attached to a horse's collar. Isl. hals, collum. Teut. 
 hamme koe-hamme, nuniella. 
 
 Hack, a strong pick-axe or hoe used in agriculture. Dan. 
 hakke, a mattock. 
 
 Had aa\ ay ! Had away ! go away ; a term of encouragement, 
 I believe, peculiar to the north. 
 
 Haffle, to waver, to speak unintelligibly. Dut. hakkelen, to 
 falter or stammer. 
 
 Hag, a sink or mire in mosses, or any broken ground in a 
 bog ; a white mist, similar to dag ; a wood into which cat- 
 tle are admitted ; also a cutting of hanging wood. 
 
 Haggar-maker's Shop, a public house. 
 
 Haggis, Haggish, a dish; made sometimes of fruit, suet, and 
 minced entrails, and sometimes only of oatmeal, suet and 
 sugar — stuifed into a sheep's maw and boiled. It was till 
 lately a common custom in many country places, to have 
 this fare to breakfast every Christmas-day ; and some part 
 of the family sat up all night to have it ready at an eai'ly 
 hour. It is now used at dinner on the same day. Sold 
 in the Newcastle market. 
 
 Ye powers, wha mak mankind your care, 
 And dish them out their bill o' fare, 
 Auld Scotland wants nae skiiiking ware 
 
 That jaups in luggies ; 
 But, if ye wish her gratefu' prayer, 
 
 Gie her a Haggis ! — Burns. 
 
 Haggish, an opprobious epithet for a female — partaking, as it 
 were, of the nature of a hag.
 
 HALL 85) 
 
 Hagmexa, Hogmena, a name appropriated to December, and 
 to any gift during that month, especially on the last day. 
 The poor children in Newcastle, in expectation of their 
 hogmena, go about from house to house knocking at the 
 doors, singing their carols, and wishing a merry Christmas 
 and a liappy New Year. " Please will you give us wor 
 hogmena." The origin appears quite uncertain. Some 
 pretend to derive the term from the two Greek words, 
 uyiu firtvvi, holy moon, while others maintain that it is 
 only a corruption from the French, hommc est nc, in allu- 
 sion to the nativity. 
 
 Hag-worm, the common snake. Coluber natrlv. 
 
 Hain, to save, to preserve. Haining wood ; Raining land. 
 
 Hake, to loiter, to lounge, to sneak. 
 
 Halfers ! an exclamation entitling the person making it to 
 half, or half the value, of any thing found by his com- 
 panion. If the finder be quick he exclauns " no halfers — 
 findee keepee, lossee seekee," to destroy the right of claim. 
 
 And he who sees you stoop to th' ground, 
 Crils halves ! to ev'rv thing you've found. 
 
 Savage, Horace to Scteva imitated, 
 Hallabaloo, Hilleuai,oo, a noise, an uproar, a clamour. 
 
 " Kick up a h'dlehaloor " My eye, what a hUlebaloo /" 
 Halle e'en, Halloween, All Hallow Even, the vigil of All 
 Saints' Day, on which it is customary with young people 
 to dive for apples, or catch at them when stuck upon one 
 end of a kind of hanging beam, at the other extremity of 
 which is fixed a lighted candle, and that with their mouths 
 only, their hands being tied behind their backs. V. 
 Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. i. p. 300. 
 Hallen, the corner at the entry into the house by means of 
 the hecli-door — the partition between the door and the 
 
 N
 
 90 HALL 
 
 fire-place. Su-Got haell, the stone at the thresh-hold. — 
 V. Ihre. 
 
 Hallen-pin, a pin fixed upon the hallen for the purpose of 
 hanging up coats, hats, &c. 
 
 Hallen-post, the post at the extremity of the sconce. 
 
 Hallion, a term of reproach. " Ye lang hallion." 
 
 Haime, Haam, home. A pm-e old word. Sax. ham. 
 
 Hamshackle, to fasten the head of an animal to one of its 
 forelegs. Vicious cows and oxen are often so tied, espe- 
 cially when dinven to slaughter. 
 
 Han, plurad for have. This old contraction of haven is not 
 obsolete, as stated by Dr. Johnson. 
 
 Handy, a small wooden vessel with an upright handle. 
 
 Hang-gallows, a very worthless fellow — a prophetic allusion 
 to an ignominious end. 
 
 Hangment. To 'play the hangment, is to be much enraged — 
 to play the very deuce. 
 
 Hank, v. to fasten, to form into hanks or skains. — Hank, s. a 
 skain of thread, a rope or latch for fastening a gate. Isl. 
 hanlcy a collar or chain. To keep a good hank upon your 
 horse, is to have a good hold of the reins. To make a 
 ravelled hank, to put any thing into confusion. 
 
 Hank, a habit. From hankering, a strong desire. 
 
 Hajs'KLe, to twist, to entangle thread, silk, or worsted. 
 
 Hanniel, a loose, disorderly fellow — one not to be trusted. 
 
 Hansel, Handsel, the first money received for the sale of 
 goods. The fish women and hucksters in Newcastle re- 
 gularly spit upon what they fii'st receive in a morning to 
 render it propitious and lucky — that it may draw more 
 money to it. Su.-Got. handsoel, mercmionii divenditi 
 primitiae. V. Ihre. Hansel is also the first tcse of any 
 thing ; in which sense, however, I tun inclined to believe it 
 is "eneral.
 
 HARR 91 
 
 Haxsel-Monday, the first Monday in tlie New Year ; 
 when it is customary to make children and servants a pre- 
 sent. 
 
 Hantle, much, many. Sw. anted, number ; or perhaps a 
 handfid. 
 
 Hap, to cover up warmly, as in bed. Sax, heapean, to heap 
 upon. 
 
 Happen, perhaps, possibly. 
 
 Happenny, a half-penny. — Happerth, half-penny worth. 
 
 Happing, a coarse covering, a rug for a bed. Hap-harht, a 
 coverlet for a servant, is a very old word. 
 
 At the West-gate came Thornton in. 
 
 With a hap, and a half-penny, and a lamb skin. 
 
 This is an old saying in Newcastle, in allusion to the cele- 
 brated Roger Thornton — one of its most wealthy merchants 
 and greatest benefactors — who, it is said, came there with 
 only a half-penny in his pocket, and an old ]i(tp2nng on his 
 hack. 
 
 Hard-corn, wheat or maslin. Probably from being sown 
 before winter. 
 
 Hardleys, Hardlees, hai'dlj'. Universal among the vulgar. 
 
 Hare, Harl, a mist or fog. V. Skinner, a sea harr. 
 
 Harry, to rob, to plunder, to oppress. Sax. hergian. The 
 word, in this sense, is by no means confined to Scotland. 
 V. Todd's Johnson. It is common in Northumberland 
 and Durham, particularly as applied to a bu'd nest ; and 
 being used by Milton, ought to be considered as classical 
 English. 
 
 The Saxons with perpetual landings and invasions 
 hurried the South coast ^>^ Britain. 
 
 Hist. Enir. H. n.
 
 m HARR 
 
 IIarrygaud, Habrygad, a blackguard sort of person. Ray 
 says, a wild girl, but I think I never heard it applied to a 
 female. 
 
 Harstone, Harstane, the hearth stone. 
 
 Harumstarum, Harumscarum, wild, unsettled — running after, 
 you know not what. Germ. herum-Hchar, a wandering 
 troop ; plural, scharcn, vagabonds. 
 
 Hash, a sloven, one who does not know how to act or be- 
 have with propriety, a silly talkative person. It is also 
 used in a different sense, though perhaps not local : 
 
 Brave Prudhoe triumphant shall skim the wide maiii, 
 
 The hasli of the Yankees he'll settle. 
 And ages hereafler shall serve to proclaim, 
 
 A Xorthinuberland free o' Newcassel. 
 
 Song, Northnmberland!' s free of Ncuxasscl, 
 
 Hask, coarse, harsh, rough, parched. Q. Lat. Jmcere? A 
 linsk ivind is keen and parching. Hash-lips are j)archcd 
 lips. The word is also applied to the sense of feeling, 
 when any thing from its touch appears unpleasantly dry 
 or hard. Coarse worsted is hask to the feeling. 
 
 Hassock, a stool or cushion to kneel upon, formerly made of 
 rushes. Sw. hwass a rush, and saeck a sack. There is a 
 tract of laud adjoining the Tyne, near Dunston, called the 
 Hassocks, which, it is probable, was once covered witii 
 rushes of which hassocks were made. 
 
 Hatter, to shake. " I'm all battered to pieces." 
 
 Haugh, flat or mai'shy ground by the side of a river. Isl. hai^i, 
 ager pascuus. 
 
 Hauncu, Hainch, to throw ; as a stone from the hand, by 
 jerking it against the haunch. 
 
 Hause, the neck. A very old word. Sax. hals.
 
 HEAR 93 
 
 Haver, Haivlk, r. to talk foolishly, to speak without thought. 
 Isl. gifra, blaterare. 
 
 Haver, or Havver,5. oats. Dut. haver. — Haver, or Havvek- 
 MEAL, oatmeal. — Haver, or Hawer-bread, large, round, 
 thin oaten cakes, baked on a girdle. 
 
 Haveril, Hoveril, a fool, a half-wit. From haver, haiver, 
 which see. " Parfitly rediccloxis is that haveril thcre?^ 
 
 Hawk, to expectorate. Welsh, hocld, to throw up phlegm. 
 " Haiuking or spitting." Shak. 
 
 Haws. See Cat-haws. 
 
 Hav-makixg. When the grass is first cut, it is called a swede ; 
 when spread out, a terld or teed ; when dried read}' for 
 gathering, a whin-roiv or wind-row. It is ne!xt, particu- 
 larly if the rain threaten, put into a small quantity called 
 a cock ; afterwards into a ktjle, consisting, perhaps, of two 
 or three times as nuich as a cock ; and finally into a pike, 
 containing about half a ton ; in which state it remains 
 until taken from the field to stack. This practice may 
 vary a little in different districts. 
 
 Haze, to drizzle, to be foggy. V. Ray. 
 
 Haze-gaze, wonder, astonishment. 
 
 Heald, to incline, to bend laterally. 
 
 Heap, a wicker basket. Sax. hip, species. 
 
 Heap, a good many. " A heap of folks." 
 
 Hearn, Harn, the name of coarse linen cloth, about New- 
 castle. 
 
 Heerin, Herrin, Harrin, herring. " Fresh-heerin — fresh- 
 heerin : — four twopence caller herrin — four twopence 
 caller herrin : — here's yor cuddy's-Iegs — here's yor Dum- 
 bar wethers — here's yor Januwury harrin." Cry in the 
 Newcastle market. 
 
 Heart-scad, any thing disagreeable or contrary to your ex- 
 pectation or wishes ; grieved.
 
 94 HEAR 
 
 Heartsome, jnerry, cheerful, lively. 
 
 Heather, heath or ling. — " Heather buzzoms." 
 
 HEAVisojrE, dark, dull, drowsy. 
 
 Heck, a rack for cattle to feed in. Su.-Got. haeck. 
 
 Heck, a latch, the passage into a house. — Heck-door, the 
 inner door — the door from the mell-doors into the kit- 
 chen. — Half-heck, a half, or lower part of a door. 
 
 Heck-berry, the bird cherry. Prunus padus. Sw. haeggc- 
 haer. 
 
 Heck-board, a loose board at the back part of a cart. 
 
 Heckle, to dress tow or flax. — Heckler, a tow or flax-di'csscr. 
 Teut. hekelaer. 
 
 Heckle, Heckle-flee, an artificial fly for fishing. 
 
 Heft, a haunt. Su.-Got. haefda. 
 
 Heifer, a young cow until it has had a calf. 
 
 Helm-wind, a singular phenomenon so called. Besides other 
 places in Cumberland and Westmorland, it rushes from an 
 immense cloud that gathers round the summit of Cross- 
 Fell — a mountain encompassed with desolate and barren 
 heights — covering it like a helmet. 
 
 Helter-skelter, in great haste, disorderly. Skinner's deri- 
 vation from Sax. heolster sceado (unless we reject Dr. 
 Johnson's translation and adopt that of Dr. Jamieson), 
 seems to me far fetched ; and that given by Grose, though 
 thought by Mr. Todd a better, is, in my mind, equally 
 fanciful. A friend suggests it may be from hie et aliter. 
 The Crav. Gloss, refers to the Dutch. Well may etymo- 
 logy, in cases like this, be pronounced — eruditio ad libitum. 
 
 Hemmel, a shed or covering for cattle. Germ. heim. 
 
 Hempy, mischievous — having the qualities likely to suffer by 
 cat o'nine tails, or by the halter. Applied jocularly to 
 giddy young people of both sexes.
 
 HICK 95 
 
 Hen-pen, the clung of fowls. The country people sonietmies 
 
 use it in bouking linen. Sec Bouk. 
 Hen-scrattings, small ciiTuIai' white clouds — said to indicate 
 
 rain or wind. 
 Herd, a keeper of cattle. Sax. hj/rd. Isl. hirdingi. 
 Hekonsevv, Heronseugh, a heron. Not merely a young one 
 as stated by Mr. Tyrwhitt. V. Skinner, /icrnsAes. 
 I wol not tellen of hir strange sewes, 
 Ne of hir swamies, ne hir Ju-ronsewcs. 
 
 Chaucer, Sqiiwrcs Talc, 
 
 Hetter, eager, earnest, keen. Perhaps from /lut. 
 
 Heuck, hook, a crook or sickle. " The (/iioni (corn) is ready 
 
 for the heuck." Dut. hoek. 
 Heuck-fingered, thievish. Perhaps only cant. 
 Heudin, a piece of leather connecting the handstafl' of a flail 
 
 with the swingle. 
 Heugh, a dry dell, a ravine without water. 
 
 Word went east, and Avord went west. 
 
 And woi'd is gone over the sea. 
 That a Laidley worm in Spindleston-7/e«^'-Zs, 
 Would niui the North country. 
 
 The Laidley Worm, 
 
 Heuph, Hcph, a measure, something less than a peck. 
 Hiccup-snickup, the hiccough. SnecJcup is used by Shak. 
 and Beaum. and Flet. A repetition of the following in- 
 cantation is said to cure this disagreeable convulsion. 
 Hickup-snickup, stand up, straight up ; 
 One drop, two drops — good for the hiccup. 
 
 Major Moor gives a different version of these lines. 
 Hicklety-picklety, Higgledy-piggledy, intermixed, irregu- 
 lar, in the utmost confusion.
 
 96 HIDE 
 
 Hide, to beat. " I'll hide your jacket." 
 
 HiGHT, called. An old word, used by Chaucer, Spenser, and 
 others. 
 
 Hike, to swing, to put in motion. A nurse hikes her child 
 when she tosses it up and down in her arms. The hiking 
 of a boat. 
 
 HiKEY, a swing. — Hikey-board, better represented in Bew- 
 ick's tail piece of two monkeys engaged in the sj)ort, Qua- 
 drupeds, p. 484, ed. 1830, than I can pretend to describe it. 
 
 Hind, a servant or bailiff in husbandi'y. Sax. hineman. 
 
 Hind-berries, rasps. Sax. hindberian. Lye mis-translated 
 this into fragum ; and the suggestion in Todd's John, of 
 bramble-berries, is also erroneous. 
 
 Hinder-ends, refuse of corn — such as remains after it is win- 
 nowed. 
 
 Hinney, Hinny, a favourite term of endearment. Probably a 
 corruption of honey, or it may be from Sax. hina, domes- 
 ticus. " Hinney dear ! what were ye sajin ?" " Was te 
 speaking, hinney ?" " Hinney bairns, be quiet." 
 Where best thou been, maw canny Mnny ? 
 An' where best te been, maw bonny bairn ? 
 
 Song, Maw Canny Hinny. 
 
 Hinney how ! an interjectional exclamation of surprize, ac- 
 companied with gladness. 
 
 Hip, to hitch or hop on one foot. — Hip-step-and-jump, a 
 youthful gambol. — Hinchy-pinchy, something similar. 
 
 HiPE, to rip or gore with the horns of cattle. 
 
 Hippings, cloths for infants. To put the hips in. 
 
 Hiring, a fair or mai'ket at which country servants are hii-ed. 
 Those, who offer themselves, sjtand in a body in the market 
 place, with a piece of straw or a green branch in their 
 mouths to distinguish them. The engagement concluded.
 
 HOBT 97 
 
 the lasses begin to file off, and pace the streets in search 
 of admirers, while the lads, with equally innocent designs, 
 follow after. Having each picked up a sweetheai't, they 
 retire to different ale-houses, where they spend the re- 
 mainder of the day in a manner that appears highly indeli- 
 cate and unpleasant to a spectator, unaccustomed to these 
 nu'al amusements. 
 
 HiRPLE, HuRPLE, to halt, to walk lame, to creep. Su.-Got. 
 hwcrjla. 
 
 Hirst, Hurst, a woody bank, a place with trees. Sax. hurst. 
 V. Spelman, hursta, and Kilian, horscJd, horst. Hirst and 
 Long-hirst, in Northumberland. 
 
 Hitv-tity, Hoity-toity, haughty, flighty. Fr. haute tite. 
 
 Hives, water-blebs, an eruption in the skin. Su.-Got. haefwa, 
 to rise up. 
 
 Hizey Prize y, the court of Nisi Prius. 
 
 Hob, the side of a fire place. Also a clown ; contracted from 
 Robin. 
 
 Hob or Nob. Much has been written concerning this north- 
 ern expression. See Grose's Class. Diet.; Brand's Pop. 
 Ant. ; Todd's John. ; and Nares' Gloss. But is it any 
 more than a burlesque translation of tete a tete ? 
 Haiipt is the German word for the head, and knob the 
 ludicrous English word — from knob, a protuberance. 
 
 Hobble, a scrape, a state of perplexity. Teut. hobbelen. 
 
 Hobblety-hoy, an uncultivated stripling, " neither man nor 
 boy." Hoyden, with which this term is evidently con- 
 nected, was formerly applied to any mde ill-behaved per- 
 son of either sex. Children call a large unmanageable top, 
 a hobblety-hoy. 
 
 HoBBLY, rough, uneven. " A hobbly road." 
 
 HoBTHRUsT, a local spirit, famous for whimsical pranks. In 
 o
 
 98 HOCK 
 
 some farm-houses a cock and bacon ai'e boiled on Fassen^s- 
 eve (Shrove Tuesday); and if" any person neglect to eat 
 heartily of this food, Hobthrust is sure to amuse himself 
 at night with cramming him up to the mouth with higg- 
 chaff. According to Grose, he is supposed to haunt 
 woods only — Hob o t'hurst. 
 
 Hockey. Sec Doddart. 
 
 HoFF, hough, to throw any thing under the thigh. 
 
 Hog, a one year old sheep. " Wether-hog — ewe-hog." Nor- 
 man Fr. hogctz. 
 
 HoGGERS, upper stockings without feet, like gaiters. 
 
 HoGH. Both a hill and a hollow. V. Johnson. 
 
 Hole in the Coat, a blemish in character or conduct. " Aiv'l 
 get a hole in yor coat." 
 
 Holm, in Saxon generally signifies the sea or a deep water ; 
 but it is frequently used with an adjective to designate an 
 insular situation. Dry grounds nearly surroundetl by the 
 course of rivers, or situated in low places by their edge, 
 are often called Holms : — The holms on Ullswater and 
 Windermere. — Dunholm, a name of Durham. 
 
 Holt, a peaked hill covered with wood. Sax. holt, lucus. 
 
 HoLY-STONEs, holed-stones, are hung over the heads of horses 
 as a chai-m against diseases : — such as sweat in their stalls 
 are supposed to be cured by the application. I have also 
 seen them suspended from the tester of a bed as well as 
 placed behind the door of a dwelling-house, attached to a 
 key — to prevent injm'y from witches. The stone, in all 
 cases, must be found naturally holed — if it be made it has 
 no efficacy. See Adder-Stones. 
 
 Honour-bright! Bet Watt ! a protestation of honour among 
 the vulgar ; originating with, and still retained in com- 
 memoration of, a late well-known Newcastle worthy. 
 
 HooR, a whore. Sax. liure, meretrix.
 
 HOT 99 
 
 Hop, v. to dance. Sax. hojrpan. Teut. happen. This is the 
 original sense. Though unnoticed by the great Lexico- 
 grapher, it has not escaped his able editor, Mr. Todd. — 
 Hop, s. a dance. See Hoppen, Hopping. 
 Hope, a small brook, or the valley through which a brook may 
 
 run ; as Stanhope, Bollihope, &c. Durham. 
 Hoppen, Hopping, a country wake or rural fair ; several of 
 which are held in the immediate neighbourhood of New- 
 castle. 
 
 To horse-race, fair, or hopp'm go, 
 
 There play our casts among the whipsters, 
 
 Throw for the hammer, lowp for slippers. 
 
 And see the maids dance for the ring. 
 
 Or any other pleasant thing ; 
 
 F*** for the pigg, lye for the v.'hetstone. 
 
 Or chuse what side to lay our Letts on. 
 
 Joco-tcr'wus Discourse. Idwcen a NortlmmberJcind Gen- 
 tleman am] his Tenant, a Scotchman. 
 
 Hopple, or Hoffle, to tie the legs together. 
 
 Horney, Horxey-top, the end of a cow's horn made like a 
 top for boys to play with. 
 
 Horney, or Horney -way, an untruth, a hoax. " By the 
 hornet/ way." 
 
 Horse-coupek. See Coup, Cowp. 
 
 Horse-godmother, a large masculine wench. 
 
 Horse-shoes, the game of coits, or quoits. 
 
 Hot, a sort of square basket formerly used for taking manure 
 into fields of steep ascent. The bottom opened by two 
 wooden pins to let out the contents. I have heard old 
 people say, that between the confines of Yorkshire and 
 Westmorland, it was common for the men to occupy them- 
 selves in knitting, while the women were engaged in the 
 sei*vile employment of carrying these hots on their backs.
 
 loo HOTP 
 
 HoT-PoT, wanned ale with spirit in it. 
 
 HouGHER, the pubHc wliipper of criminals, tlie executioner of 
 felons, in Newcastle. lie is still a regular officer of the 
 town, with a yeai'ly salary ; and is said to have obtained 
 this name from a power he had formerly of cutting the 
 houghs, or rather the sinews of the houghs, of swine that 
 were found infesting the streets. In the Gloss, to Doug- 
 las's Virgil, to hoch, from Sax. hoh, is rendered " suffragines 
 succidere," to hamstring. 
 
 HoAVDON-PAN-CANT, an awkward fall, an overturn. — Howdon- 
 PAN-CANTER, a slow ungraccful canter. 
 
 Holt! Hout-away ! an exclamation of disbelief or disappro- 
 bation. Pshaw ! 
 
 HowDV, HovvDY-wiFE, a midwife. Brand sneers at the de- 
 rivation from " How d' ye — midwives being great goss- 
 ipers," but I think that which he supplies is far more ridi- 
 culous. I have not been fortunate enough to discover any 
 original to my own satisfaction, but I may perhaps be per- 
 mitted to observe, in defence of what has been so much 
 ridiculed, that " How d' ye," is a natural enough salutation 
 to a sick woman from the midwife ; who, by the way, is 
 called in German die wehmiitter, or the oh dear mother. 
 As it is with antiquaries, so I fear with etymologists — 
 ancient woman, " whether in or out of breeches," will 
 occasionally betray themselves. 
 
 HowK, to dig, to scoop. Su.-Got. holka, cavare. 
 
 Howl, a hollow or low place. " Wherever ther&'s a hill 
 there's sure to be a howl." Sax. hoi, latibulum. — Howl- 
 kite, a vulgar name for the belly. 
 
 HovvLET, Jenny-howlet, the common or tawny owl. Fr. 
 hulotte Also a term of reproach. 
 
 Adder's foi'k, and blind worm's sting, 
 Lizard's leg, and howlcfs wing. — Shuk. Macbeth.
 
 HUNK 101 
 
 HowsoMivvER, HowsoMNiv\ER, howevcr. 
 
 Hovv'wAY, come away ; a term of solicitation very common in 
 
 Newcastle. 
 Hoy, to heave or throw, as a stone. 
 HoYT, an awkward ill-bred youth. 
 
 Hubby-shew, Hubby-shoo, a disturbance, a noise, a state of 
 confusion. Teut. hobbelen, inglomerare ; schowe, specta- 
 culum. 
 Hud, the side of the fire place within the chimney. Pans not 
 
 in use are placed on the " hud stane." 
 HuDDiCK, HuDDOCK, the cabin of a keel or coal barge. Dut. 
 hut. 
 
 'Twas between Hebbron and Jarrow, 
 There cam on a varry Strang gale. 
 The skipper luick'd out o' th' hnddock. 
 Crying, 'smash, man, lower the sail ! 
 
 Song, The Little Pee. Dee. 
 
 Huddle, to gather together, to embrace. Germ, hudeln. 
 Huff, v. to offend. " She's easily huffed." — Huff, s. offence. 
 
 « He's in the huffl" 
 Hug, to carry, especially if difficult. " Had and hug^t away," 
 HuGGERMUGGERiNG, doing any thing in a confused, clandestine, 
 
 or unfair manner. V. Todd's John, and Nares' Gloss. 
 Hulk, a lazy, clumsy fellow. Shak. has " the hulk Sir John." 
 
 — " You idle lazy pay-wife hiUk." — Neivc. 
 Hull, a place in which fowls, &c. are confined for the purpose 
 
 of fattening. 
 Humble. To humble barley, to break off" the beard or awns. 
 
 Su.-Got. hamla, to mutilate. Allied to this, is a hummel- 
 
 led-coiv, a cow without horns. 
 Hunkered, elbowed, crooked. " This wheat is sadly hunker- 
 ed."
 
 103 HUNK 
 
 Hunkers, haunches. This word seems used by the Northum- 
 brian vulgar only in the sense of sitting on the hunjcersy 
 that is, with the hams resting on the back part of the an- 
 kles, the heels generally being raised from the ground. — 
 Such is the position of a woman milking a cow, which in 
 Durham is called hencoivr fashion, probably from hen and 
 cnuver, to sit on eggs — from the position of a brooding hen. 
 A friend of mine connected with a colliery, where a child 
 had been injured, enquii-ing of the father how the accident 
 happened, received the following answer, which I cm in- 
 duced to give as a specimen of Pit language : — " It was 
 sitten on its hunkers howking glinters fra mang the het ass, 
 when the lowe teuck its claes, and brant it to the van'y 
 a*se," i. e. it was sitting on its haunches digging vitrified 
 shining scoria from among the hot ashes, when the flame 
 took its clothes, and burnt it to the very buttocks. 
 
 HuNT-THE-HARE, a game among children — played on the ice 
 as well as in the fields. 
 
 HiRTER, the shoulder of the axle against which the nave of 
 the wheel knocks, Fr. heurter, to knock. 
 
 Hurtle, to contract the body into a round form, as through 
 pain, severe cold, &c. 
 
 HusE, Hauste, a short cough, a hoarseness. Sax. hwosta, 
 tussis. 
 
 Hutch, a chest. The Town's Hutch, in the Guildhall of 
 Newcastle, is a fine old chest, on which the chamberlains 
 transact their business. Fr. huche. 
 
 "Why dost thou converse with that trunk of humours, 
 that bolting-A«M of beasthness, that swollen 
 parcel of dropsies, that huge bombard of sack. 
 Shak. I. Hen. IV.
 
 INT A 103 
 
 HuTHERiKiN-LAD, ti ragged youth — u sort of Houjblety-hoy, 
 
 which see. 
 Huz, Uz, ive as well as us. Very common. 
 Hyel, Hale, whole. Isl. hcUl. Su.-Got. hel, totus. 
 
 I 
 
 ICE-SHOGGLE, ail icicle. Sax. ice-icel. Dut. yskegel. Mi'. 
 
 Todd has admitted icide, on the authority of Grose. 
 I'fakins, in faith — a frequent asseveration. Shak. uses i faith, 
 
 in the Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 Ill, v. to reproach, to speak ill. — Ill-willed, a. malevolent, 
 
 ill-natured. Isl. Ulvilie, malevolentia. 
 Inclixg, Inkling, a desire, an imperfect hint or intimation — 
 
 written by Mrs. Hutchinson (Memoirs, 4to. p. 357) inclin. 
 
 Etymologists have differed as to the derivation of this word. 
 
 It may be from Fr. un clin (d'oeil) a wink, if not from Su.- 
 
 Got. iJbincka, connivere. 
 Income, any swelling or other bodily infirmity, not apparently 
 
 proceeding from any external cause — or which has formed 
 
 unexpectedly. Ancome,'m the same sense, is an old word. 
 Indifferent, tolerably, in pretty good health. 
 Ing, a meadow. The word, however, seems to be chiefly ap- 
 plied to moist ground, or such as is subject to occasional 
 
 overflowings. It also often occurs in the names of places. 
 
 Common to the Sax. Dan. and other languages. 
 Ingle, a fire, or flame. Gael, aingeal. V. Todd's Jiohn. 
 Inkle, an inferior kind of tape. " Beggars inkle." 
 Insense, to understand ; to have sense infused into the mind. 
 
 V. Nares' Gloss. 
 Intack, an inclosure. A part taken in from a common.
 
 104 IS 
 
 Is, the third person singular of /o be, is ahnost constantly used 
 among the vulgar for the first and second persons. " /y 
 sui-e, thou is" — am sure, thou art. 
 
 IscA ! IsCA ! or Iska ! Iska ! a Northumbrian shepherd's 
 call to his dog. Sc. isk, iskie. Mr. Lambe, in his Notes 
 on Flodden Field, p. 66, fancifully observes, that this term 
 is evidently an abbreviation of Li/cisca, the name of the 
 Roman shepherd's dog. 
 
 multum latrante Lycisca — Virg. Ed. 3. 
 
 With greater verisunilitude it has been said, that it is from 
 Fr. icy, hither ; the word used in France for the same 
 pui'pose. Dr. Jamieson, however, remarks that Teut. aes, 
 aesken, and Germ, ess, signify a dog. 
 
 Iv, in. — Intiv, into. Very general. 
 
 IzzARD, the letter Z. 
 
 Jabber, gai-rulity. From the verb, which is very old. 
 
 Jack, a young male pike, under a foot in length. 
 
 Jackalegs, Jockelegs, a large clasped knife. Generally con- 
 sidered to have obtained this name from Jacques de Liege, 
 a famous Flemish cutler. 
 
 Jackey, English gin, of which some of the " good folks" in 
 Newcastle partake rather freely. 
 
 Jagger-galloway, a pony with a peculiar saddle for canying 
 lead, &c. Jag, is a Scotch word (or job j and Moor has 
 jag, a waggon load. 
 
 Jaistering, swaggering. It is common to call a person of an 
 airy manner, " a jaisteiing fellow" — " a jaistering jade." 
 
 Jam, v. to squeeze into ; to render firm by treading.
 
 JEWE 105 
 
 Jam, Jaum, s. jamb. 
 
 Jannock, leavened oat bread. See Bannock. 
 
 Jarble, to wet, to bedew ; as by walking in long grass after 
 dew or rain. 
 
 Jar-woman, an occasional assistant in the kitchen — a sort of 
 char-woman. Called also a Heigh-how, from a notorious 
 propensity to all kinds of low gossip. 
 
 Jasey, Jazey, a worsted wig. A very old-fashioned article, 
 still worn by some octogenarians. 
 
 Jaunis, Jaunus, the jaundice. Fr. jauiiisse. 
 
 Jaup, v. to move liquid irregularly. " The water v/ent jauping 
 in the skeel." Also to chip or break by a gentle, though 
 sudden blow. It is customary at Easter, when paste-eggs 
 ai'e in vogue, to jaup two of them, by hitting the ends to- 
 gether. " Aw II jaup oiiny body narrow enders." He whose 
 egg does not break is entitled to have the other. 
 
 Jaup, s. the sound of water agitated in a narrow or irregular 
 vessel. Isl. gialfur, a hissing or roaring wave. 
 
 Jaw, noisy speech, coarse raillery. " Had yor jaw" — hold 
 your tongue. 
 
 Jee, Jye, wry, crooked. " Jee-wye." Sw. gaa, to turn 
 round. 
 
 Jeeps, a severe beating — a sound thrashing. 
 
 Jenk, to jaunt, to ramble. Vrom junket, to feast secretl}'. 
 
 Jevvei,, an expression of affection — familiar regard. Fr. mon 
 joie, my darling, maiv jewel J 
 
 Ye jewels of our father, with wash'd eyes 
 Cordelia leaves you. — Shak. King Lear. 
 
 With am'rous looks, he calls her jewel. 
 And said, — How can you be so cruel ? 
 
 The Cullier's IFcddiuM:
 
 106 JIBL 
 
 JiBLETs, or Giblets, " the parts of a goose which are cut oft" 
 before it is roasted," Todd's John. But it is the inside as 
 well. Old. Fr. gibelez. In Newcastle they call Avhat is 
 taken from one goose, a ^)«j/- of jiblels. At Christmas, 
 hardly any person, however poor, is without &j'Metj)ie. 
 
 Jiffy. " Jv a jiffy" — in a moment, in an instant. 
 
 Jigger, an airy swaggering person. " A comical jigger." Per- 
 haps, originally, one disposed or suitable to a jig. 
 
 Jim, Jimmy, s. James. 
 
 Jim, JiMJfY, Jim I', a, slender, neat, elegant. Q. Su.-Got. 
 skampt ? 
 
 JiMMER, a small hinge for a closet door or desk. See an expla- 
 nation of jimvicrs, with which the gimmal ring is thought 
 to be connected, in Brand's Pop. Ant. vol, ii. p. 27. Also 
 Nares' Gloss, gimmal, and Moov,jimmers. 
 
 Jin, Jinny, Jinney, Jane. 
 
 JiNGLE-CAP, shake cap. Much practised among the young pit- 
 men and keehnen. 
 
 JiNKKRS, BY JiNKERS, a sort of tlcmi-oath. A vaiiation of 
 jingo. 
 
 JiNNY-spiNNER,or Long-legg'd-tyalyur, a vcry long slender- 
 legged spider or fly. 
 
 Jinny-spinner, a play-thing among children. See a long list 
 of juvenile games, many of which are common in the North, 
 in Suff. Words, move all. 
 
 Jobation, Juration, a lecture or reprimand. 
 
 Jock and Jock's-man, a juvenile si)ort, in which the follower 
 is to repeat all the pranks the leader can perform. 
 
 Joggle, to shake, to totter, to cause to totter. Teut. schocke- 
 len, vacillare. 
 
 Jog-trot, an inactive, or any peculiar line of conduct, pertina- 
 ciously adhered to. Perhaps adopted from the jog-trot pace 
 of the Northumbrian fai'mers.
 
 JUMP 107 
 
 JoixiFiCATioN, a scene of festivity, or merriment. " A regular 
 
 jollification." 
 Jolly, stout, large in person. " A jolly landlady." Also 
 
 hearty, jovial. " A jolly fellow." 
 JooKiNGS, corn beat out of the sheaf in throwing off the stack ; 
 
 often a perquisite to those who assist in carrying the 
 
 sheaves into the barn. 
 Jorum, a pot or jug. Chaucer has Jordane, and Shakspeare 
 
 Jorden. 
 
 The horrible crew. 
 
 That Hercules slew. 
 Were Poverty — Calumny — Trouble — and Fear : 
 
 Such a club would you borrow, 
 
 To drive away sorrow. 
 Apply for a jorum of Newcastle beer. 
 
 Song, Newcastle Berr. 
 
 Joseph, a riding coat or habit, with buttons in front ; worn by 
 ancient dames — not bluestockings. 
 
 JouKREY-PAUKEREY, any sort of underhand trick or dexterous 
 artifice ; legerdemain. 
 
 Jowl, v. to knock, or rather to give a signal by knocking. 
 
 Jowl, s. the head. " Cheek by jowl" — close together. 
 
 JoAVL OF Salmon, the head and shoulders. If split it is called a 
 single jowl. 
 
 JuJiBLEMENT, confusion. From the verb. 
 
 Jumps, a kind of easy stays. ¥r.juj)pe. 
 
 JuMP-wiTH, JuMP-iN-wiTH, to meet with accidentally, to coin- 
 cide. Jump occurs several times in Shakspeare ; mean- 
 ing in some places to agree with, in others to venture at, or 
 hazard. In one place it appears to be intended for just.
 
 108 K.\E 
 
 Kaf ! a common interjectional expression of disbelief, con- 
 tempt, or abhorrence. — Neuw. I can only refer to the lan- 
 guage oi jack-daws for its etymology. 
 
 Jack-daws, kaiv'mg and fluttering about the nests, set 
 all their young ones a-gaping ; but having no- 
 thing in their mouths but air, leave them as 
 hungry as before Locke. 
 
 Kail, Kale, cabbage, greens ; also broth or pottage. — North. 
 Isl. kal. Dan. kaal. Welsh, cawl. — Kail-pot, a large 
 metal pot for culinaiy purposes. " As black as a kail-pot." 
 Kairn, a heap of stones, a rude moniunent, — See Cairn. 
 We the adjacent mountains all discern, 
 "With each his head adorned with a kairn. 
 
 Cheviot, a Poem, p. b. 
 
 KjVSIstary, mad. Perhaps the same as Sc. camsterie, cams- 
 tairie, frowai'd, perverse, unmanageable ; ; which Dr. Jam. 
 derives from Germ, kamp, and starrig, stiff; or it may be 
 a sort of pleonasm, from cam, which in Gael, is applied to 
 any thing crooked or awry, and stary, staring, wild-looking. 
 Karl-cat, a male cat. Dut. kaerel, a fellow. 
 Kedge, to fill. Hence Kedge-belly, a large protuberant body, 
 
 a glutton. 
 Kee, Kee-side, empkaticalhf the Newcastle Quay, extending 
 from Tyne Bridge to the end of Sandgate. 
 Fareweel Tync Brig and cannie Kce, 
 
 Where aw've seen monny a shangey. 
 Blind Willey, Captain Starkey, tee — 
 Bold Archy and great Hangey. 
 
 Glkhrisl, Voyage toLunnhi.
 
 KEEL 109 
 
 Keek, to peep, to look with a prying eye, to view. Su.-Got. 
 
 heka. Dut. k\jhen. 
 Keel, to cool, to render cool. Sax. ccelan, algere. Sir Thos. 
 
 Hanmer — at best but a sorry expounder of our immortal 
 
 bard — in attempting an explanation of 
 
 While greasy Joan doth keel ttu; pot. 
 
 Shak. Love''s Lahour's Lout. 
 
 Strangely says, " to drink so deep, as to turn up the bot- 
 tom of the pot, like turning up the keel of a ship .'" Ma- 
 jor Moor is equally at fault : — he thinks " scouring the 
 pot with its bottom inclined conveniently for that opera- 
 tion ; or keeling it in the position of a ship rolling so as 
 to almost shoiv her keel out of the water." V. SuflT. Words, 
 killer or keeler. The expression " keel the pot," really 
 means neither more nor less than to render it cool ; that 
 is, to take out a small quantity of the broth, &c. and then 
 to fill up the pot with cold water ; a common practice in 
 Northumberland. The word, however, as shewn by the 
 examples from Gower and Chaucer, quoted by Mr. Todd, 
 is not confined to the kitchen. 
 
 Keel, Red-Keel, ruddle, decomposed iron used for mai'king 
 sheep, &c. Gad. oil. Fr. chaille. Jamieson. 
 
 Keels, the vessels or barges in which coals are carried from 
 the colliery-staiihs to the ships, in the Tyne and Wear. 
 Keel is a very ancient name of Saxon origin for a ship or 
 vessel — ceol, navis. On the first arrival of the Saxons 
 they came over in three large ships, styled by themselves, 
 as Verstegan informs us, keeles. In the Chartulary of 
 Tynemouth Monastery, the servants of the Prior who 
 wrought in the barges (1.378), are called kelcm, an appella- 
 tion plainly synonimous with the present keelmen.
 
 110 KEEL 
 
 Keel-Bullies, keehnen, the crew of the keel— the pai'tners 
 or brothers. See Bully. 
 
 Keel-Deeters, the wives and daughters of the keehnen, who 
 sweep the keels, having the sweepings of the small coals 
 for their pains. To deet, in northern language, means to 
 wipe or make clean. 
 
 Keelage, keel dues in port. This word is in Todd's John, 
 but in too limited a sense. 
 
 Keen. The hands are said to be keened with the frost, when 
 the skin is broken or cracked, and a sore induced. Ktbcy 
 explained by Johnson, " an ulcerated chilblain, a chap in 
 the heel caused by the cold," occurs several times in 
 Shakspeare. 
 
 Keep-the-pot-boiling, a common expression among j'oung 
 people, when they are anxious to carry on their gambols 
 vnth spirit. 
 
 Kelds, the still parts of a river which have an oily smooth- 
 ness while the rest of the water is ruffled. I have only 
 heard this word on the Tyne, and confined to the mean- 
 ing here given ; but I am informed that in Westmorland 
 and Cumberland old wells are also denominated kelds, 
 and that there is a place in the parish of Shap called Keld, 
 from a fine spring in it — also Gunnerkeld. Isl. kelda, palus. 
 Since this was written I find keld, a well, in Crav. Gloss. 
 
 Kelk, v. to beat heartily. — Kelk, Kelker, s. a severe blow. 
 
 Kelps, ii'on hooks from which boilers are hung. 
 
 Kelter, frame, order, condition. V. Todd's John. It also 
 means money, cash. Germ. geld. 
 
 Kemp, to strive against each other in reaping corn. Sax. 
 camp'mn, militare. Tent, kampen, dimicare. — Kempers, 
 the competitors. According to Verstegan, the word is of 
 noble descent. V. Rest. Decayed Intell. 8vo. p. 233.
 
 KERN 111 
 
 Kemps, hairs among wool, coarse fibres. 
 
 KjEn, to know, to be acquainted with. Su.-Got. kacnna. 
 
 Sax. cennan. Dut. kennen. " Aw kent him weel" — 1 
 
 knew him well. 
 
 'Tis he, I ken the manner of his gait. 
 
 Shak. Trailus and Cixssida. 
 
 Kennen, Kenning, a measure of two pecks. 
 
 Kenspecked,Kenspacked, Ken speckled, Kenspackled, con- 
 spicuous, marked so as to be easily recognized or kenned. 
 V. Skin, and Jam. 
 
 Rep, to catch, to receive any thing in the act of falling. Sax. 
 cepan. Teut. keppen, captai'e. 
 
 Keppy-Ball, hand-ball. In former times it was customarj', 
 every year at Easter and Whitsuntide, for the mayor, al- 
 dermen, and sheriff of Newcastle, attended by the bur- 
 gesses, to go in state to a place called the Forth — a sort 
 of mall — to countenance, if not to join in the play oikeppy- 
 ball, and other sports. The Esprit dc corjjs is gone, though 
 the diversion is still in part kept up by the young people 
 of the town ; but it would of course, in these altered times, 
 be considered highly indecorous to " unbend the brow of 
 authority" on such an occasion. Puerile, however, as it 
 may seem, there was a time — if we may credit Belithus, 
 an ancient ritualist — when the bishops, and even arch- 
 bishops, of some churches, used to play at hand-ball with 
 the inferior clergy. — Tempora mutantur, et nos mutanuir 
 in illis. 
 
 Kern, v, to chum. Sax. cernan. Teut. kernen. 
 
 Kern, s. a churn. Teut. kerne. Also a hand-mill for grind- 
 ing corn, from Teut. queme ; perhaps the right mode of 
 spelling the word in this sense.
 
 112 KERN 
 
 Kern-Baby, an image dressed up with corn at a harvest home. 
 Something similar to the maiden described by Jam. See 
 Mell-Doll. 
 Kern, Korn, or Kurn-Milk, butter-milk. Teut. kern-melch, 
 " Will you hev onny kern-milk," — Newcastle cry ; nearly 
 extinct. 
 Rersen, to christen. Dut. kerstenen. 
 
 Pish, one goodman Caesar, a pump maker, 
 KerserCd him — Beaum. ^ Fkt. Wit at sev. Weap. 
 
 Kersmas, Crissenmas, Christmas. 
 
 Kesh, Kex, the hollow stem of an umbelliferous plant. Kyx, 
 a hemlock, occurs in Peirs Ploughman. 
 
 Keslip, Reslop, the calPs stomach salted and dried for ren- 
 net. Sax. ceselib, coagulum. Germ, kaselab, rennet. 
 Kase is cheese, and laben is to help, strengthen or quicken. 
 See Yerning. " Kittle yor keslop" — a Newcastle trope 
 for a chastisement. " Warm yor kesloji^—a metaphor for 
 a hot-pot. 
 
 Ket, carrion, any sort of filth. Su.-Got. koett. — Kettv, 
 filthy, dirty, worthless. " A ketty fellow." 
 
 Kevel, a large hammer for quarrying stones. 
 
 Kick, the top of the fashion — quite the go. Q. Isl. k(Ekr, ges- 
 tus indecorus ? " Jack-thc-kick" — a fellow just the thing. 
 
 Kidney, disposition, principles, humour. 
 
 A man of my kidney. 
 
 Sliak. Mcr. Wives of Windsor. 
 
 Talk no more of brave Nelson, or gallant Sir Sidney, 
 'Tis granted they're tai's of a true British kidney. 
 
 Song, Newcastle Bellman. 
 
 Kidney-Tatie, a long kind of potatoe, much cultivated in the 
 neighbourhood of Newcastle.
 
 // ,1 
 
 KIRK 113 
 
 KiLLJCOup, a summerset. Probably from Fr. cul-a-cap, tail 
 to head — head over heels. " Eh ! what a killicoup the 
 preest has getten out o'is wee bit gig-thing there !" 
 
 Kill-priest, a jocular name for port wine — from which a 
 very irreverent inference is drawn. But, as Shakspeare 
 says. 
 
 Come, come, good wine is a good familiar creature, 
 if it be well used ; exclaim no more against it. 
 
 OthelU). 
 
 Kilt, to truss up the clothes — to make them lilie the Scotch 
 Idlt. Dan. kilte-op. 
 
 Kind, intimate — not kind, at enmity. See Thick. 
 
 King's-cushion, a sort of seat made by two persons crossing 
 their hands, on which to place a third. 
 
 Kink, v. to laugh immoderately, to labour for breath as in the 
 hooping cough. Teut. kichen, kincken, difiiculter spirare, 
 — Kink, s. a violent or convulsive fit of laughter or cough- 
 ing, especially when the breath is stopped. See Kin- 
 cough. 
 
 Kin-cough, Kink-cough, Ching-congh, or King-cough, thehoop- 
 ing-cough. Sax. cincung, cachinnatio. Teut. kinck-hoest, 
 asthma. The ignorant and the superstitious have va- 
 rious fooleries, for cm-ing or alleviating this epidemic dis- 
 order — such as eating a mouse-pie, or hanging a roasted 
 mouse round the neck — dipping the persons aiFected nine 
 times in an ope?! grave, or putting them nine times under 
 a pie-bald horse — bread baked on a Good Friday before 
 sun-rise — and perhaps others that may have escaped my 
 recollection. 
 
 Kirk, a church. An old Eng. word from Sax. c^rce, still re- 
 tained in Noithumberland. — Kirk-Garth, the church 
 Q
 
 114 KIST 
 
 yard. — Kirk-Master, a church warden. Teut. Icerk- 
 
 maester. — Kirk-folk, the congregation. 
 KiST, a chest. Common to Sax. Su.-Got. Germ. Dut. and 
 
 Welsh. 
 Kisses, small confections or sugar plums. Perhaps the same 
 
 as Shakspeare's kissing-comfits. See Merry Wives of 
 
 Windsor, Act 5, Sc. 5, 
 Kit, properly a covered milking pail with two handles, but 
 
 often applied to a small pail of any sort. Also a wooden 
 
 vessel in which pickled salmon are sent to London. Like- 
 wise the stool on which a cobbler works. 
 Kit, a set or company, generally in a contemptuous light. 
 
 " The whole kit." Applied sometimes to things as well 
 
 as to persons. 
 Kitchen Physic, substantial fare — good living — opprobrium 
 
 medicorum. 
 
 Throw physic to the dogs, I'll none of it. 
 
 Shak. jMacbeth. 
 
 In jest ; no offence in the world. 
 
 Shak. Hamlet. 
 
 Kite, the belly. Allied to Moe.-Got. quid, and Su.-Got. 
 qwed, venter. Bag-kite and j^od-kitc, ai'e ludicrously ap- 
 plied to persons with larger capacities than common. 
 " Running to kite" — becoming corpulent. 
 
 Kith, acquaintance. Sax. cytke. Not obsolete as stated 
 in Todd's John. Kith and kin, friends and relations. 
 
 Kittle, v. to tickle, to enliven. Sax. cilelaii, titillare. Dut. 
 kittelen. Teut. kitzelcn. 
 
 Kittle, v. to bring forth kittens. A very old word, written 
 in Palsgrave, kytielL V. L'eclaircissement de la Lang, 
 Fran9.
 
 KTZO 115 
 
 Kittle, a. ticklish, difRcult. " hiUle wark" 
 
 " O mony a time, my lord," he said, 
 I've stown a kiss f'rae a sleeping wench ; 
 
 But for you I'll do as Idtih: a deed. 
 
 For I'll steal an auld lurdane afF the bench. 
 
 Christie's Will. 
 In witty songs and verses kittle, 
 
 Who can compare with Thomas Whittle ? 
 
 Henry Rohson. 
 
 This word has other meanings ; as kittle iveather — change- 
 able weather ; a kittle question — such as it is inconvenient 
 or impolitic to answer ; a kittle horse — one unsafe or not 
 easily managed. 
 
 Kittling, a kitten. An ancient word. Palsgrave, kytlynge. 
 Prompt. Parv. Cler. kytUnge, catellus. Jidiana Barnes 
 has kendel of cats, a litter of cats. 
 
 KiTT, Kitty, a diminutive of Christopher, as well as of Ca- 
 therine. 
 
 Kitty, the house of con-ection. Neiucastle. Su.-Got. kcetta, 
 includere. Germ, ketten, to fetter. 
 
 Kitty-cat, a puerile game, described by Moor. V, Suftl 
 Words, kit-cat. Strutt mentions a game, which used to 
 be played in the North, called tip cat, or more properly cat. 
 V. Sports and Pastimes, p. 86. 
 
 Kittv-wren, or Jenny-wren, the Nvren — the reputed consort 
 of the robin-red breast. 
 
 " The robin and the wren 
 " Are God's cock and hen." 
 
 Kizoned, or KizzENED, parched or dried. Children are said 
 to be so, when, from a weakness or pampered appetite, 
 they loathe their food. " Kizen'd meat" — meat too much 
 roasted. Q. Isl. gisna, hiascere ?
 
 116 KLIC 
 
 Klick-Hooks, large hooks for catcliing salmon in the day 
 
 time. V. Crav. Gloss. 
 Knack, to speak affectedly, to ape a style beyond the speaker's 
 
 education. — Knackit, Nackit, one quick at repartee, a 
 
 clever child. 
 K\ACK-AND -RATTLE, a quick and noisy mode of dancing with 
 
 the heels. 
 
 He jumps, and his heels kuack mid rattle. 
 
 At turns of the music so sweet ; 
 He makes such a thundering brattle, 
 
 The floor seenis afraid of hi.-^ feet. 
 
 T/ir Corners' Pay Week. 
 
 Knack-knee'd, in-kneed — knees that knnck or strike ag;iinst 
 
 each other in walking. 
 Kn'auG"!, pointed rocks, or rugged tops of liills. V. Ihre, 
 
 hnagglig. 
 Knaggy, testy, ill-humoured, waspish. 
 Knaw, v. to know. " Aw knaw" — I know. Hee Know. 
 Kmfle, to steal, to pilfer. Q. Celt, cneijiu, to shear. 
 Knocking-trough, a conical trough in which the rind is beat 
 
 off barley with a mallet. 
 Knoll, Knowl, Knowe, the top of a hill, a bare rounded 
 
 hillock. Sax. cnolle. Teut. knolle. 
 Know. " You know, you knaw." — " D'ye ken — I'll tell you 
 
 now" — " what's my opinion to think — I cannot say — I 
 
 dinna ken." — " what does he say, good man f — where hez 
 
 he been, good man ?" — Here good man is not the case of 
 
 calling, but is put in opposition to he. This is a mode of 
 
 expression peculiar to the Nortli. 
 Knaki,. :i luiuch-backed or dwiirfisli man. Old F.ng. khiirif, 
 
 a knot.
 
 LAD 1 1 / 
 
 KuN, CuK. " T cun you no thanks" — I do not acknowledge 
 
 myself obliged to you, Dur. Is it from Gtrni. konueii, 
 
 to know, as savoir grc, in French ? 
 Kl"ss, to kiss. Welsh cusan. 
 Kye, plural of cows, kine. Sax. ci/, vacca. 
 Kyloe, a small Scotch breed of cattle, said to be fi-oni ht/le, a 
 
 Graelic word for a ferry — over which they ai'e transported. 
 
 But may it not be from Germ, kuk-klein, a small cow ? 
 
 L 
 
 Labbering, struggling in water, as a fish when caught. Jo- 
 cosely applied to a great legal luminarif, who unlbrtunately 
 slipped into the watery element a few yeai's ago. 
 " Aw was sctten the keel, wi' Dick Stavers an' IMat, 
 
 An' the Mansion-house Stairs we were just alangside. 
 When we aw three see'd sumthing, but didn't ken what. 
 
 That was splashing and lahbcring aboot ith the tide." 
 «' It's a flucker !" ki Dick ; " Xo," ki Mat, " its owre big. 
 It luick'd mair like a skyat when aw first see'd it rise :" 
 Kiv aw — for awd getten a gUff o' the -wig- 
 Odds mercy ! Wye, marrows, becrike it's Lord ^She. 
 
 Song, My Lord ^Size. 
 
 Lace, to beat or flog. " I'll lace your jacket." — Lacing, a 
 beating. " Aufl gie yc a good ladng'ya&t now." 
 
 Laced, mixed with spirits, as tea or coffee, to which some 
 " ancient dames" are partial. 
 
 Lackits, small sums of money — any odd things. 
 
 Lad, a boy ; originally a man, from Sax. leode, people. Lang- 
 land — the reputed author of the Visions of Peirs Plough- 
 man — one of our earliest writers, uses laddc, in its primi- 
 tive sense ; from which no doubt proceeded lasse, lass. — 
 In Scotland, I have heard a person 50 years old, called a 
 lad — but he was in a state of single blessedness.
 
 118 LAD 
 
 Lad, Laddie, a lover, a sweetheart. " That's maw lad, izint 
 he a bonny fellow." 
 
 May aw the press-gang perish. 
 Each lass her laddie cherish, 
 Lang may the Coal Trade flourish. 
 
 Upon the dingy Tyne. 
 
 Song, Tlie Keel Row. 
 
 Lafter, Lawter, as many eggs as a hen will lay before she 
 incubates. Teut. legh-tyd, tempus quo gallinae ova pariunt. 
 
 Laggins, staves. V. Ihre. lagg. 
 
 Laidly, Laidlev, uglj', loathsome, foul. Sax. laithlk. 
 " I will her liken to a laidley worm." 
 
 Lainch, a long stride. " What a lainch he has." 
 
 Lair, mire, dirt. To he laired, to stick in the mire. Isl. leir. 
 Su.-Got. ler. 
 
 Laird, " the lord of a manor in the Scottish dialect." — Dr. 
 John. This is its old meaning; but it is now a common 
 name in Northumberland and Cumberland for a proprietor 
 of land, without any relation to manorial rights. " He 
 rides like a Bambro'shii-e laird — one spur, and a stick in 
 his opposite hand." 
 
 Lake, v. to play. Sax. lacany ludere. Moe.-Got. laikan, exul- 
 tare. Peirs Ploughman, layke. — La king, s. a play-thing. 
 
 Lake-wake, Late-wake, the watching of a corpse previous to 
 interment. Sax. lie, a body, and wacian, to watch. V. 
 Jam. lyk-waik. 
 
 Lam, Lamb, to beat soundly. " Aw^l lamb yor hide" 
 
 " Lamb them, lads; lamb them !" — a cant phraseof the 
 time, derived from the fate of Dr. Lambe, an 
 astrologer and quack, who was knocked on the 
 head by the rabble in Charles the First's time. 
 PeverU of Hit Peak, voL iv. p. 152.
 
 LAST 119 
 
 The great known unknown tiipx a little here. The word 
 is used in two or three of the plays of Beaumont and Flet- 
 cher, ti'iitten before the conjuring Doctor's catastrophe, 
 which did not happen until 1628. Besides, the derivation 
 seems obviously from Isl. lem, verberare, or Teut. lompen, 
 infligere. 
 
 Lam-pay, to correct; principally applied to children. 
 
 La>i, or Lamb, and its diminutive Lammie, favourite terms of 
 endearment. " Maiv bonny Imn," " maw canny lammie." 
 
 Lameter, Lamiter, a cripple. " He'll be a lameter for life." 
 
 Lang, long. — Lang, Langsome, tedious, tiresome. Sax. lang- 
 sum. — Langsowness, tediousness. 
 
 Lang-length> the whole length. " He fell down aw his lang 
 length" 
 
 Lang-saddle, or Settle, a long wooden seat, with a back and 
 arms, usually placed in the chimney corner in country 
 houses. 
 
 Langsyne, long since. Sax. longc siththan, din exinde. See 
 Avld-lang-syne. 
 
 Lant, the game of loo. — Lantered, looed. — Lanters, the 
 players. 
 
 Lap, preterite of leap. See Loup. 
 
 Lap-up, to give up, to relinquish. 
 
 Lapstone, a cobl)ler's stone, on which he hammers his leather. 
 
 Lare, learning, scholarship. Pure Saxon. — Lare-father, 
 instructor. 
 
 Lasche, cold and moist — not actually rain. V. Moor, lash or 
 lasky. 
 
 Lashigillavery, Lusheygilavey, plenty of meat and drink; 
 a superfluity. Probably from lavish. 
 
 Last, a measure of corn — 80 bushels. Sax. hlcest. Su.-Got. 
 laest.
 
 120 LAST 
 
 Lastenest, most lasting. 
 
 Lat, a lath. Sax. latta. Dut. lat. Fr. laite. — Lat and 
 Plaster, an ironical phrase for a tall and slender person 
 — as thin as a lat. — Lat-hiver or Rive-er, a maker of 
 laths. 
 
 Latch, v. to catch, to lay hold of. Sax. tecca«, prehendere. 
 
 When that he Galathe besought 
 Of love, which he might not lacfie. 
 
 Gower, de Confess. Amavt. 
 
 ■ But I have words. 
 
 That would be howl'd out in the desert air, 
 "Where hearing should not latch them. — Sftak. Macbeth. 
 
 Latch, s. a fastening ; especially a wooden latch or snec/c — 
 sometimes lifted with a cord, at other times with the fin- 
 ger. Ital. laccio. 
 
 Love will none other birde catch, 
 Though he sette either nette or latch. 
 
 Chavcer, Romaunt of the Box. 
 
 Late, or Leat, to seek, to summon, to invite. Isl. lei/ta, qiias- 
 rere. — Lating, or Leating, a summons or invitation. Dr. 
 Willan mentions Leating, or Lating-row, a district from 
 which matrons are invited by special summons to be present 
 at a child-birth, or at the death of any of the inhabitants. 
 Should a matron within the limits have been, through in- 
 advertence or mistake, omitted on such an occasion, it is 
 an affront not to be forgiven. 
 
 Lathe, or Leathe, a place for storing hay and corn in winter 
 — a barn. Used by Chaucer. V. Skinner, lath. 
 
 Latherin, a drab, a trollop. " A lazy latherin." 
 
 Latten, Lattin, tin. Pistol's 
 
 Challenge of the latten bilbo. 
 
 Shak. Merry Wit'Ca of Windsor.
 
 LAVE 121 
 
 Has been " a stumbling block," not so much " to the gene- 
 rality of readers," as Hanmer would express it, but to the 
 commentators themselves. See the learned remarks of the 
 " collective \visdom," in the last Varior. Edit, of Shak. vol. 
 viii. p. 23-3 ; to which should be added Sir Thomas's own 
 idea — " a factitious metal." In Todd's John, the word is 
 defined to be, " a mixed kind of metal, made of copper 
 and calamine : said by some to be the old orichalc ;" 
 though the authority quoted from Gower proves that 
 " laton" and " bras" are two distinct things. In the Dic- 
 tionaries of Bailey, Dyche, and Ash, latten is explained to 
 be iron tinned over, which is in fact what is called tin : 
 Pegge also states latten to be tin ; but on turning to Nares' 
 Glossary, I find the worthy Aixhdeacon labouring hard at 
 its transmutation into brass. The days of alchymy, how- 
 ever, are past. In addition, it may be observed, that Eud- 
 diman — an authority entitled to consideration — interprets 
 lated, iron covered with fin. 
 
 Lave, v. to empty, to draw or take out water or other liquid. 
 Fr. lever. An old word used by Chaucer. 
 
 Lave, s. the residue — those who are left or omitted. A pure 
 Saxon word, occurring in Peirs Ploughman. It also 
 means a crowd. 
 
 Of prelates proud, a populous lave. 
 
 And abbots boldly there were known ; 
 With bishop of St. Andrew's brave, 
 Who was King James's bastard son. 
 
 Lanibe, Battle of Floddon. 
 
 In ancient times the dignitaries of the church, holding the 
 temporalities of their benefices of the King, as barons by 
 the tenure of military service, were bound by the feudal 
 law, to attend him in his wars. 
 
 R
 
 122 LAVE 
 
 Laverick, Laverock, Lavvorick, a lark. Sax. laferc, lawerc. 
 Flocks of turtles, and of laverockes. — Chaucer. 
 
 Here hear my Kenna sing a song, 
 There see a blackbird feed her young. 
 Or a leverock build her nest. 
 Here give my weary spirits rest. 
 
 Walton, Angkr''s Wish. 
 
 Law, Loe, Lowe, a hill or eminence wliether natural or arti- 
 ficial. Sax. hlcew, hlaiv, agger, acervus. McE.-Got. hlaiw, 
 monumeittum. The word is often found at the end of the 
 names of vills or hamlets. 
 
 Lawful me ! Law me ! a frequent colloquicil exclamation, 
 impljing either wonder or fear. 
 
 Lea, Lee, rich meadow or pasture. Sax. Icag. Used by 
 Spenser, and several times by Shakspeare. 
 
 Lead, Leead, to cwvy. " He's leading coals." 
 
 Leagh, a scythe. From leu, meadow, and ag, to cut. 
 
 Leaping-the-well, going through a deep and noisome pool 
 an Alnwick Moor, called the Freemen's well — a sine qua 
 non to the freedom of the borough. On Saint Mark's 
 day, the aspirants proceed in great state, and in equal 
 spirits, from the town to the moor, where they draw up 
 in a body, at some distance from the water, and on a signal 
 being given, they scramble through the mud with great labour 
 and difficulty. They may be said to come out in a con- 
 dition not much better than " the heroes of the Dwiciad 
 after diving in Fleet Ditch." Tradition says, this strange 
 and ridiculous custom — rendered more ludicrous by being 
 performed in white clothing — was imposed by King John, 
 who was bogged in this very pool. 1 witnessed the cere- 
 mony about four yeai*s ago.
 
 LETC 123 
 
 Learn, to teach. V. Todd's Jolin. This sense is not yet 
 obsolete in the North. 
 
 Leash, to ply the whip. To lash. 
 
 Leather, to beat soundly. Perhaps from the instrument 
 originally emplo3'ed — a strap. For a copious vocabulary 
 of a pugnacious import, see SufF. Words, ainf. 
 
 Leather-head, Leather-heed, a block-head, a thickscull. 
 Lanthorn Leatherhead, one of the characters in Ben Jon- 
 son's Bartholojiiew Fair, has been thought to have been 
 meant for Inigo Jones ; but Mr. GifFord doubts it. 
 
 Leck, to leak. Isl. lek, stillare. — Leck on and off, to poiu* 
 on, and drain off, gradually. 
 
 Lee, v. to lie, to tell a falsehood. Sax. leogan. — Lee, s. a lie. 
 This word, vulgar as it is, occurs in Chaucer. — Lee with 
 A LATCHET, 3 monstrous falsehood. V. Nares. — Leear, a 
 liar. 
 
 Leemers. See Brown-leemjers. 
 
 Leet, v. to meet with, to alight. — Leet, s, & a. light. " Wheij 
 thau heart's sad, can mine be leetf" 
 
 Leets, ligkis, lungs. Also windows. 
 
 Leetsobie, light, comfortable, cheerful. Lightsome. 
 
 Leish, Lish, nimble, strong and active. 
 
 Leister, a prong or trident. Su.-Got. Hustra, percutere. See 
 Blaze. 
 
 An awfu' scythe, out owre ae shouther, 
 
 Clear dangling hang, 
 A three-tae'd leister on the ither 
 Lay, large and lang. 
 
 Burns, Death a>id Doctor Honihook. 
 
 Lktch, a long narrow swamp in which water moves slowly 
 among rushes and grass.
 
 124 LENN 
 
 Lennert, ihe linnel. The Greij Lcnnert .— The Green hen- 
 
 nert. — The Brown Lennert. 
 Let-leet, to inform, to disclose. To let in light. 
 Let on, to mention. " He never let on" — he never told mc. 
 
 Isl. laela, ostenderc. 
 Let wit, to make known. Dut. laaten lueeten. 
 Leuf, Loof, the palm of the hand. A very ancient word. 
 
 V. Jam. Ouisi/le the leuf, back of the hand — equivalent to 
 
 rejection and repulse. 
 Lew, mild, calm. — Lew-warsi, hike-warm. Teut. lamven, 
 
 tepefacere. 
 Lib, to emasculate. Dut. luhben. Used by Massinger and 
 
 others. — Libber, Qui castrat. Lib is perhaps the same as 
 
 glib in Shakspeare. 
 
 They are coheirs, 
 And I had rather gl'ih m^'solf, than they 
 Should not produce fair issues. 
 
 The JVhitrr'.'; Tnle. 
 
 Lick, to beat, to chastise. Su.-Got. laegga, to strike, — 
 Licking, Licks, a beating, 
 
 LiCKLY, likely, probable. — Lickliest, the superlative. 
 
 Lief, willingly, rather, as soon. Sax. leof. — Liefer, or Le- 
 ver, more willingly, sooner. Sax. leofre. Both Gower 
 and Chaucer often use this comparative.^ — Lief is common 
 in Shakspeai'e. 
 
 Lift, assistance. To give a lift, to lend a helping hand. 
 
 LiG, to lie down. Common to Sax. and most Northern 
 languages. Both Chaucer and Spenser use it. — Lig-ma- 
 last, a loiterer, the last. — Lig-o-bed, one who lies long 
 in bed. 
 
 LiGGEE, a carved lignum vitse coit for playing at doddart.
 
 LIN 125 
 
 Like, to please, in he agrccahle to. Dr. John, i.s )ni!staken in 
 
 thinking it disused. 
 Liken'd. " I had likened" — I was in danger of. 
 Liking, delight, pleasure. Sax. licung. An old Scotch word, 
 
 occurring in that beautiful pasiiage from Bai'bour's Bruce, 
 
 quoted by Dr. Jamieson. 
 
 A ! freedome is a noble thing ! 
 Fredome mayss man to liaifF liking ! 
 Fredome all solace to man giffis ; 
 He levys at ess, that frel}' levys. 
 
 Lile, little. See Lite. 
 
 LiLL, to assuage pain. Lat. lallare, to lull. 
 
 LiLLY-wuNS ! LiLLY-vvTNTERs ! exclaiiiations of amazement. 
 
 Lilt, to sing, by not using words of meaning, but tuneful syl- 
 lables only. — North. Su.-Got. lulla, canere. 
 
 Limbo, gaol. " He's gettin into limbo, up the nineteen steps" 
 
 LiMMER, a female of loose manners, or easy virtue. 
 
 LiMMERS, a pair of shafts for a cart or carriage. Isl. limar, ra- 
 mi arbor um. 
 
 Lin, v. to cease, to stop. Lsl. Una, enervare, frangere. 
 
 Yet our northern prikkers, the borderers, notwith- 
 standing, with great enormitie, (as thought me) 
 and not unlyke (to be playn) unto a masterless 
 hounde hougling in a hie wey, when he hath lost 
 him he way ted upon, sum hoopyng, sum wliistel- 
 yng, and moste with crying a Berivyke ! a Ber- 
 •wyke ! a Fcnwyke ! a Fancy ke ! a Buhner ! a 
 Bulmcr ! or so ootherwise as theyr capteiiis 
 names wear, never linnde those troublous and 
 daungerous noyses all bhe night long. 
 
 Patten'' s Ex£cdici(m of the Duke of Somerset.
 
 126 LIN 
 
 Before whicli time the wars could never lin. 
 
 Mirror for Magistrates. 
 Set a beggar on horseback, he'll never Un till he be 
 a gallop. — Ben Jon. Staple of News. 
 
 Lm, s. linen. Also the lime tree. 
 
 Linn, a cascade, a precipice. Sax. hlynna, a torrent. Isl. 
 lindf a cascade. Welsh, Uyn, a lake. 
 
 The near'st to her of kin 
 Is Toothy, rushing down from Verwin's rushy lin. 
 
 Drayton, Polyolhion. 
 
 Ling, heath. Isl. ling, spec, erica. 
 
 LiNGV, active, strong, able to bear fatigue. 
 
 LiNiEL, shoe-maker's thread. Fr. ligneul. The same as lingel, 
 described in Nares' Gloss, as " a sort oftkotig used by shoe- 
 makers and cobblers ; from lingtda." 
 
 Links, sandy barren ground — sands on the sea shore. V. 
 Jam. 
 
 Lippen, to expect, to depend upon. " I lippened on you to 
 join me." Sax. leafeii, credere. 
 
 LisK,the groin. " A pain in the lisk." Dan. and Sw. Uuske. 
 
 Listen, selvage. Sax. list. Dan. liste. 
 
 Lite, to rely on, to trust to, to depend upon. 
 
 Lite, little. An old word used by Chaucer, both as a substan- 
 tive and an adjective. Lall and Lile, also mean little. — 
 I cannot pretend to reconcile these dialectical variations. 
 
 Lithe, to listen. " Lithe ye" — hark you. Lythe, Peirs 
 Ploughman. Su.TGot. lyda, audire, lyda till, aures adver- 
 tere. 
 
 Lithe, to thicken ; as to lithe the pot. — Lithings, thickenings 
 for the pot; such as oatmeal, flour, &c. V. Wilb. and 
 Jam.
 
 LOON 127 
 
 Littlest, least — the regular superlative of little. 
 
 Where love is great the littlest doubts are fear. 
 
 Sliali. Hamlet. 
 
 XoAK, OR LoKE, a small quantity ; as a loke of hay, a loke of 
 
 meal, a loke of sand. V. Jaiu. 
 LoAK ! LoAK-A-DAZiE ! LoAK-A-DAZiE-ME ! exclaiTiations of 
 
 siu^prize or pleasure, modidated to suit the occasion. 
 Loaning, Lonnin, a lane or bye-road ; a place near country 
 villages for milking cows. " Pelton lonnin." V. Jam. lomi. 
 I have heard of a lilting, at our ewes milking, 
 
 Lasses a lilting, before the break of day ; 
 But now there's a moaning, on ilka green loaning. 
 That our braw foiresters are a' wede away. 
 
 Old Scotch Song, Battle of Floddon. 
 
 LoB-cocK, a contemptuous epithet for a stupid or sluggish 
 person. 
 
 I now must leave you all alas, 
 And live with some old lohcock ass. 
 
 Breton, Works of a Young Wit. 
 
 LoLLOCK, a Imnp. " Lollock ivfat." 
 
 Lollop, to walk in an undulating manner — to move heavily. 
 Look, Louk, to weed, to clear. " Looking corn." V. Ray. 
 LooNjLouNjLowNE, an idle vagabond, a worthless fellow, a ras- 
 cal. The word is old ; but etymologists are not agreed in the 
 derivation. Shakspeare has evidently taken the stanzas 
 in Othello from the following ancient version of, Take thy 
 old Cloak about thee, published in Percy's Reliques, vol. i. 
 King Stephen was a worthy peere. 
 
 His breeclies cost him but a crowne, 
 He held them sixpence aU too deere ; 
 Therefore he call'd the tavlor f^owne.
 
 128 LOOS * 
 
 LoosE-i'-TiiE-iiEFT, a disordcHy person — a loose blade. 
 LoosiNG-LEATHER, an injury in a tender part, to which inexpe- 
 rienced riders are subject ; and which makes them, what is 
 elsewhere called, saddle sick. It is a rustic idea — counte- 
 nanced by some old authors — that a sprig of elder, in whicli 
 there is a joint, worn in one of the lower pockets, will 
 operate as a charm against this galling inconvenience ; but 
 whether 
 
 To harden breech, or soften horse, 
 I leave't to th' learned to discourse. 
 
 Flecknoe, Dionium. 
 
 Lop, LoppE, a flea. Pure Saxon. 
 
 LoppERED, coagulated. Loppered milk — milk that sours and 
 
 curdles without the application of an acid. Isl. hlaup, coa- 
 
 gulum. 
 LopsTROPOLOU^, mischievous, clamorous. Obstreperous. 
 
 We shouted some, and some dung doon — 
 Lohstrop''lus fellows, we kick'd them O. 
 
 Song, Sxvalwelt Hopping. 
 
 LouN, Lown'd, calm, sheltered from the wind. Isl. logn, aeris 
 tranquillitas. 
 
 LouNDER, to beat with severe strokes. V. Jam. 
 
 Loup, v. to leap. Su.-Got. loepa, currere. Also to cover; 
 from Teut. loojjen, catulii'e. 
 
 Loup, s. a leap or spring. — Loup-the-lang-lonnin, the game 
 of leap frog. 
 
 LouPY-DYKE, Imij} the di/ke, a term of contempt conjoining 
 the ideas of imprudence and waywardness. Sometimes ap- 
 plied to one of those expeditions that maidens sigh for, 
 but which prudent mati'ons deprecate as shameless and 
 untoward.
 
 LTJM 129 
 
 LoiiT, i\ to bow in the rustic fashion. Su.-Got. fitia, incli- 
 nare. This is an old word used b}^ Gower, Chaucer, and 
 other ancient English writers. 
 
 Lout, s. a stupid awkward person. Teut. loef-e, homo insul- 
 sus. In Shakspeare, loivL 
 
 LovESOME, lovely. Sax. lossum, delectabDis. In Peirs Plough- 
 man, Chaucer, &c. Indeed, in old Eng. some and ly are 
 used indiiferently as terminations of adjectives. 
 
 Low, Lowe, to make a bright flame, as well as the flame itself. 
 Su.-Got. loga, Isl. logi, flamma. — Lilly-lowe, a comfort- 
 able blaze. " Had aboot the low." 
 
 LowANCE, LooANCE, an allowance of drink to work people. 
 " Noo, maister, ye'U sartinlif give-us war looance." V. 
 Moor, lowans. 
 
 LowRY, Looking, overcast, threatening to be wet. Spoken 
 only, I think, of the weather. 
 
 Li'BBARD, Lubbart, an awkward, clownish fellow, a calf- 
 hearted person. Lubber may be found in Shakspeare and 
 other authors. " D'ye ken that lubbard there ? — hoo he 
 tummiPd his creils ! — he's all owre darts .'" 
 
 For h3'^em an' bairns an' maw wife Nan, 
 
 Aw yool'd oot like a liihbarf ; 
 An' when aw thowt we aw shud gan 
 
 To Davy Jones's cubbart. 
 
 Song, Jemmy Joiieson^s Whurry. 
 
 LvG, the ear. An old word both in England and in Scotland. 
 
 Su.-Got. lugga. Sax. ge-luggian, to pull — the ear being a 
 
 part easily pulled or lugged. " Aw'l dad yor lug" — " aw'l 
 
 skslp yor gob." 
 LuGGisH, an indolent, or idle fellow. — Luggish-heeded, heavy 
 
 headed, thick headed. 
 LuM, a deep pool of water, the still part of a river.
 
 130 LUM 
 
 Llm, the chimney of'a cottage. Welsli, lluinon. Lover is in 
 Lancashire, and also in some parts of Yorkshire, a chim- 
 ney — properly (like the lum) an aperture in the roof of old 
 houses, where the fire was in the centre of the room. Fr, 
 I'ouverte. I find love}- in Peirs Ploughman, and also in 
 the Faerie Queene. Sibbald, however, conjectures that 
 lum may be from Sax. leom, light — scarcely any other light 
 being admitted, except through this hole. Brand, on the 
 other hand, asks if it may not be derived from the lone or 
 clay wherewith the wattle work is daubed over inside and 
 out? 
 
 LuM-sooPERS, LuM-swEEPERS, chuuney-sweepers. North. <$• 
 Newc. 
 
 LuRDANE, a drone, a sluggard. Teut. herd. Old Ital. lordone. 
 Fr. lourdaud. Some old writers, however, pretend to de- 
 ri\'e this word from Lord Dane — a name given (more from 
 dread than dignity) to those Danes, who, when they were 
 masters of the island, were distributed in private houses ; 
 where they are said to have conducted themselves, or if 
 the expression be permitted — lorded over the inhabitants, 
 with outrageous insolence and pride. 
 
 In every liouse Lord Dane did then rule all ; 
 Wlience laysie lozels lurdancs now we call. 
 
 Mirror for Magistrates. 
 
 LuRDV, lazy, sluggish. Fr. lourd, dull, stupid. Ital. lordo, 
 
 dirty, filthj'. 
 LusTYisH, rather stout, inclining to be plimip. 
 Lyery, the lean or muscular flesli of animals. Sax. lira, 
 
 viscum. 
 Lyka ! listen — an exclamation of astonishment. Lijlca man ! 
 
 what do I hcai- jou say.
 
 MAIN 131 
 
 M. 
 
 Mab, v. to dress cai'elessly. — Mab, s. a slattern. Perhaps in 
 
 derision of Queen Mab. 
 Mack, to make. Preterite, vii/ed. Germ, machen. — Mack, 
 
 kind, sort, a match or equal. — Mackless, matchless. 
 Macks, snakes, sorts, fashions. 
 
 MacK'BOULD, to venture, or take the liberty. Make bold. 
 Mackshift, a substitute or expedient in a case of necessity or 
 
 difficulty. 
 Maddle, to wander, to talk inconsistently, to forget or con- 
 found objects, as if in a state bordering on delirium. 
 Madpash, a person disordered in the mind — a madbrain. — 
 
 From mad and pash, the head. 
 Maffle, to stammer, to be puzzled — to act by means inade- 
 quate to the attainment of the object or end proposed — 
 like one in dotage. Tent, maffelen, balbutire. — Maffling, 
 a state of perplexity. 
 Maggy, a magpie. Also called a Fyannet. 
 Mail, rent or money exacted by Freebooters on the borders. 
 
 Sax. mal, stipendium. 
 Mailin, or Maeylin, a sort of mop made of old rags, \vith a 
 long pole, for cleaning out an oven — metaphorically, a 
 dirty careless wench. V. Todd's John, malk'in and maukin. 
 Main, might, strength, exertion. Sax. mcegn. Shakspeare 
 endeavours to be superlatively witty on the wovd. 
 Sal. — Then let's make haste away, and look 
 Unto the main. 
 
 Wak — Unto the main ! O father, Maine is lost ; 
 That Maine which by main force Warwick did win, 
 And would have kept so long as breath did last : 
 jV/aJK chance, father, you meant; but I meant iV/ai«i-,- 
 Which I will win from France, or else be slain. 
 
 Second Part of King Henry VJ.
 
 132 MAIN 
 
 Main of rocks, a cock-fighting match. Anathematized by 
 Brand ; Pop. Antiq. vol. i. p. 480. 
 
 Mains, a farm, or certain fields, attached to a mansion house. 
 Old Fr. manse. 
 
 Mainswear, Manswear, to take a false oath. Sax. mansive- 
 rian. " He's a manswearing fellow." 
 
 Maist, Mayst, almost. — Maistly, Maystly, mostly. Sax. 
 viaest, most, greatest. 
 
 Maister, master. Sax. master. Used by Spenser. — Mais- 
 ter-man, a husbancL 
 
 Maistry, power, superiority, mastery. Fr. maistrie. 
 
 Make, a companion, or equal. An old word. Sax. maca. — 
 Makeless, matchless, without an equal. Su.-Got. maka- 
 locs. This latter word, in the gai'b of MAKE Ai22 — adopt- 
 ed by the learned Christina of Sweden, on one of her 
 numerous medals — sadly perplexed the antiquaries at 
 Rome. 
 
 Make-count, to calculate on, to mean or intend to do any 
 thing. 
 
 Male, or Mail, a travelling trunk. V. Nares' Gloss. 
 
 Mall, Maul, Mally, Mailly, Polly, Mary, 
 
 A bold virago stout and tall. 
 
 As Joan of France, or EngUsh Mall. 
 
 Butler, Hudilmts. 
 
 Mawmer, to hesitate, to be in doubt, to mutter. 
 
 I wonder in my soul 
 What you could ask me, that I should deny, 
 Or stand so mammcTwg on. SJiak, Oilwllo. 
 
 Hanmer most unfortunately refers to Fr. m\imour, which, 
 he says, " men were apt often to repeat when they were 
 not prepai'ed to give a direct answer !"
 
 MARR 133 
 
 Mammy, a childish name for mother. Teut. nmmme, 
 
 INIanadge, Manaudge, a box or ckib instituted by inferior shop- 
 keepers — generally linen-tlrapers — for supplying goods 
 to poor or improvident people, who agi'ee to pay for them 
 by instalments — ^a mode of dealing extremely lucrative to 
 one party, but sadly the contrary to the other. Of late, much 
 of this deservedly disreputable trade has been in the hands 
 of manadge-ivomen, who become responsible to the dra- 
 pers for what they impose on their deluded customers. 
 
 Mang, s. barley or oats ground with the husks ; given to 
 dogs and swine. Perhaps from Sax. mengean, to mingle. 
 
 Maxg, preposition, among, amongst. 
 
 Manner, manure, dung, or compost. " Aw've manner''d the 
 land." 
 
 Mannie, a man. " A tight little mannie but low." 
 
 Mappen, perhaps. It may happen. 
 
 Marches, the northern borders. Sax. inearc. Fr. marche. 
 They of those marches, gracious sovereign, 
 Shall be a wall sufficient to defend 
 Our inland from the pillering borderers. 
 
 Shal;. Hen. V. 
 
 Mare, more. Pure Saxon. Germ. mehr. 
 
 Margit, Meg, Meggy, Peg, Peggy, Margaret. 
 Marrow, Marra, v. to match, to equal. 
 
 'Bout Lunnun then divent ye myek sic a rout. 
 There's nowse there maw winkers to dazzle ; 
 For aw the fine things ye are gobbin about, 
 We can marra iv Canny Newcassel. 
 
 Song, Canny Newcassel, 
 Marrow, s. a fellow, companion, or associate; an equal, a 
 similar. 
 
 Yet chopping and changing T cannot commend 
 With thief or his marrow, tor fear of ill end Tiisscr.
 
 134 MARK 
 
 Marrows, fellows ; two alike, or corresponding to each 
 other ; as a paii' of gloves, a pair of stockings, a pair of shoes. 
 
 Marrow-bones, the knees. " I'll bring him down on his 
 marrow-bones" — I'll make him bend his knees as he does 
 to the Virgin Mary. Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. i. p. 43. 
 But see Grose's Class. Diet. 
 
 Marrowless, without a match, incomparable. 
 
 Marrv ! Marry -COME-OUT ! Marry -on-us ! common inter- 
 jections — purposed disguises in favour of pious ears. 
 Marn/-gip, goody she-justice, mistress French hood. 
 
 Ben Jon. 
 
 Marry and shall, that I will. Often used by old people. 
 
 Marsycree, to ill-treat, to butcher. Corruption of massacre. 
 
 Mart, Mayrt, a cow or ox slaughtered at Martinmas, and 
 salted for the winter. It is customary in Newcastle and 
 the neighbourhood, for a few families to join in the pur- 
 chase of a mart, which is obtained at the Stones fail', held 
 on old Martinmas day, and divided among them. 
 And MartUmass Berfc doth beare good tacke, 
 When countrey folke do dainties lacke. — Tusscr. 
 
 Mash, v. to bruise. " Mash'd up." — Mash, s. confusion. 
 
 Mask, to infuse. " Mask the tea." V. Jam. 
 
 Mason-due, the vulgar name for an ancient hospital, on the 
 Sandhill, Newcastle, lately taken down. Evidently a 
 corruption of Fr. maison Dieu. 
 
 Masselgem, a mixture of wheat and rye — maslin. Teut. mas- 
 teluyn, farrago. 
 
 Maten-corn, corn damped and beginning to germinate. — 
 North. V. Ihre, mall. 
 
 Matters. " Naa girt matters," nothing extraordinar}' or to 
 boast of. Crav. Gloss,
 
 MAY 135 
 
 Maugh, Meaugii, brother-in-law. V. Lye, maeg. 
 
 Maul, to beat soundl} , to hurt severely. Mce.-Got. maul-jan. 
 
 Upon the childe, but somewhat short did fall, 
 And lighting on his horse's head, him quite did nmU. 
 
 Sjieiiser, Faerie Quccne. 
 
 Maumy, mellow, soft. Su.-Got. mogna, to become mellow. 
 To maum a crust of bread, is to soften it in water. 
 
 Maunder, to wander about in a thoughtful manner ; to be 
 tedious in talking ; to say a great deal, but irregularly and 
 confusedly ; to lose the thread of a discourse. Q. Gael. 
 mandagh, a stutterer ? 
 
 Maunt, Mt'N'CLE, contractions of my aunt, my uncle. Bor- 
 ders of North. Nuncle and Naunt occur in Beaimi. & Flet. 
 
 Maw, v. to mow. Preterite, mew. Sax. mawan. Germ. 
 mahen. — Mawers, the mowers. 
 
 Maw, s. the human stomach, as well as that of an animal. 
 Sax. maga. V. Todd's John. 
 
 Maw, p)-onoun, my, mine, belonging to me. 
 
 Mawd, a plaid worn by the Cheviot shepherds. Su.-Got. 
 mudd, a garment made of rein-deer skins. 
 
 Maw'K, a maggot, a gentle. Su.-Got. 77iatk, madk. — Mawky, 
 IVIawkish, maggotty, whimsical, proud, capricious. 
 
 May, the sweet scented flower of the white thorn. See May- 
 Day Customs, Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. i. p. 179 & seq. 
 
 Itise up, maidens, fie for shame. 
 For I've been four lang miles from hame : 
 I've been gathering mj garlands gay ; 
 Rise up, fair maids, and take in your May. 
 
 Old Newcastle S&ng. 
 
 Moor gives an inaccurate version of this homely canticle. 
 V. Suff. Words, p. 225.
 
 136 MAZE 
 
 MazeDj astonished, amazed. Also stupified — rendered in- 
 sensible by a blow. " Aw stood qnite mazed." 
 
 Me, for I. A common grammatical error. Not without ex- 
 amples in our old language. 
 
 Meal, the appointed time when a cow is milked, as well as 
 the quantity of milk she gives at once. Sax. ma;l, portio, 
 spatium temporis. 
 
 Mealy-mouthed, " using soft words, concealing the real in- 
 tention; speaking hypocritically." Todd's John. I 
 should prefer Skinner's construction — mild-mouthed or 
 mellow-mouthed — but derive the word from Fr. miele, 
 honied, as we say honied words. 
 Clavton Avas false, mcaUc-moutWd, and poore spirited. 
 Life of Ant. a Wood, p. 165. 
 
 Meank, to complain, to lament. Sax. maenan, dolere. 
 And thus she means Sltak. Mid. NighCs Dream. 
 
 Meaning, shrinking or feeling sore, indicative of pain or lame- 
 ness. 
 
 Mebby, Mebbys, Ma bees, Maebbies, peihaps, probably. // 
 may be. 
 
 Meddle nor make. " He'll neither meddle nor make" — 
 he'll not interfere. 
 
 Meer, a mare. Also an abusive term among the lower order 
 oi ladies in Newcastle. " Aw me Peg, yah vieer.^'' 
 
 Meet, fit, proper. Stated in Todd's John, to be rarely used. 
 It is quite common in North, and Dur. 
 
 Meldek, a making of meal. In some places the farmers hire 
 the miller, and in turns have a winter stock of meal made. 
 The meldering day used to be, and perhaps still is, a kind 
 of feast among the yeomanr} . Fr. moudre, to grind ; or, 
 according to Dr. Jam. Isl. iiudldr, molitura, from mala, to 
 grind.
 
 MELL 137 
 
 Mell, v. to intermeddle, to engage in, to interfere with. Fr. 
 vieler. " I shall not mell with your affairs." The com- 
 mentators are not agreed on the expression, 
 
 Men are to mell with. 
 
 Shak. All's Well that Ends Well. 
 
 It means men are to meddle with ; without the least al- 
 lusion to the indecent idea surmised by Theobald. 
 
 Mell, v. to pound or bruise, to crush. 
 
 Mell, s, a wooden mallet, or hammer. Lat. malleus. 
 
 Mell-doll, an image of corn, dressed like a doll, carried in 
 triumph — amidst the most frantic screaming of the women 
 — on the last day of reaping. In some places they call it 
 a KERN (perhaps, properly, corn) baby. There is also oc- 
 casionally a harvest queen — thought to be a representation 
 of the Roman Ceres — apparelled in great finery, and 
 crowned with flowers ; with a scythe in one hand, and a 
 portion of corn in the other. 
 
 Mell-supper, a supper and merry-making on the evening of 
 the conclusive reaping day — harvest-home. Besides a 
 grand display of excellent old English cheer, with a mix- 
 tm'e of modern gout, to enlarge the sphere of epicurean 
 enjoyment, there is dancing, masking and disguising, and 
 every other sort of mirth to expand a rustic heart to gaiety. 
 According to Hutchinson,the Historian of Northumberland, 
 the name of this supper is derived from the rites of Ceres, 
 when an offering of the first fruits was made ; the word 
 melle being a provincial word, equivalent to mingle : imply- 
 ing that the cakes used at this festival are mingled or made 
 of new corn, and that it is the feast of the first mingling of 
 flour of the new reaped wheat. I am, however, strongly in- 
 clined to think, that we may safely refer to Teut. macl.
 
 138 MELL 
 
 convivium refectio, pastus. Various other etymologies 
 have been conjectured, which are noticed in Brand's Pop. 
 Ant. vol. i., Chap. Harvest- Home ; where much curious 
 matter relative to this subject is collected. 
 Mell-doors, the space between the heck and outward door — 
 
 the entry. 
 Mell-drop, the least offensive species of mucus from the nose. 
 
 " Mell-drop Tommy." 
 Mends, recompense, atonement. Amends. 
 
 If she be fair, 'tis the better for her ; an she be not, 
 she has the mends in her own hand. 
 
 Shak. Troilus and Cnssida. 
 
 Mennam, the minnow. Gael, meanan. 
 
 Mense, v. to grace, to ornament, to decorate. " The pictures 
 
 mense the room." 
 Mense, .?. decency, propriety of conduct, good manners, kind- 
 ness, hosjutality. Sax. menncsc, humanus. It also means 
 an ornament, or credit ; as he is " a mense to his family." 
 The last of a dish of meat untaken is said to be left for 
 mense's stdce, perhaps pro mensa. See Tailor's mense. 
 Menseful, decent, graceful, mannerly, hospitable, creditable. 
 Menseless, indccorus, graceless, inhospitable. 
 Mense-pennv, liberality conducted by prudence. 
 Would have their menseful penny spent 
 With gossips at a merriment. 
 
 The Collier's Wedding. 
 
 Mere, a lake. Pure Saxon. Buttermere, Windermere. 
 Merry-begotten, filius nuUius — rather waggishly alluded to 
 by old Brunne. 
 
 Knoute of his body gate sonnes thre, 
 Tuo bi tuo wifes, the thrid injolifte. 
 
 Langtoffs Chronicle.
 
 MIDD 139 
 
 Merry-dancers, the glancings of the Aurora BoreaUa, or 
 northern lights; when first seen, called burning spears, 
 and which to persons of a vivid imagination still seem to 
 represent the clashing of arms, in a military engage- 
 ment : — called also the Pyrrhj-duncers — a name that may 
 have been adopted from the Pyrrhica saltat'w, or military 
 dance of the ancients ; from which, no doubt, the sivord- 
 dance of the Northumbrian youths, in theii" white plow, at 
 Christmas, has had its origin. 
 Merry-nights, rustic balls — nights (generally about Christ- 
 mas) appropriated to mirth and festivity. These homely 
 pastimes, besides the eating and drinking, consist of danc- 
 ing, in all the lower modes of the art ; of masked inter- 
 ludes ; and occasionally of the ancient sword dance ; with 
 an indispensable admixture of kissing and romping, and 
 other " gallantry robust." 
 Messit, a little dog, a cur. V. Jam. viessan. 
 Meterly, Meeterly, tolerably well, moderately, within 
 
 bounds. 
 MiCKLE, MucKLE, much. Sax. micel, miclc. Isl. mikill. 
 
 An oath o^mickle might Shak. Hen. V. 
 
 O, mickle is the powerful grace that lies 
 
 In plants, herbs, stones, and their true qualities. 
 
 Shak. Rom. and Jitl. 
 He had in arms abroad won viuckd fame. 
 
 Sfcuscr, Pacric Qiieene. 
 
 Midden, Muck-midden, a dunghill. Sax. middlng, sterquili- 
 
 nium — Midden-stead, a place for dung. 
 Midden, a contemptuous term for a female — conjoining the 
 
 ideas of insipidity, inactivity, and dirt. 
 Middens, or Black-middens, dangerous rocks on the north 
 
 side of the entrance into Shields harbour.
 
 140 MIDG 
 
 Midge, a small gnat. Sax. micge. A diminutive mischiev- 
 ous boy is often called a midge. — Midge's-ee, any thing 
 very small. As a comparison — very common. 
 
 MiDLLV, MiDLiNG, tolerably well, indifferent. " Weel, Tom- 
 my y hoo are yah ? Midlin, thenk yah ! Hoo are ycc ? 
 Wey, gayly, Joan .'" 
 , Mighty, very. " Mighty great" — " mighty high" — " a m^hty 
 fine fellow." 
 
 Milker, a cow that gives milk ; not the person who milks. 
 " She's a top milker." 
 
 MiLKUS, MiLKHOUSE, a dairy. Sax. melce-hus. 
 
 Mind, to remember, to be steady and attentive. Dan. miiide, 
 to remind. 
 
 Mint, to aim at, to shew a mind to do something, to endea- 
 vour, to make a fei[;,ied attempt. Sax. ge-myndian, in- 
 tendere. 
 
 Minxy, a fondling term for mother. Sc. minnie. 
 
 Mire-druw, the Bittern or Bog-bumper. Ardea Stellaris, 
 Linnaeus. There is a beautiful figure of this stately bird 
 in Bewick's History. 
 
 Mirk, Mirky, dark. Sax. mirce. Isl. viyrkr, tenebrosus. 
 Old Eng. mirke. 
 
 Gane is the day, and mlrk^s the night, 
 
 But we'll ne'er stay for faute o' light. — Burns. 
 
 Mirth, Morth, or Murth, abundance ; as a murth of corn, 
 
 a murth of cold. 
 Miscall, to abuse, to call names to. " Yah cannot miscall me 
 
 past me nyem." 
 Mis-kex, tp be ignorant of, not to know. 
 Mislippen, to suspect, to neglect. 
 Misses, the matron or mistress of the house. " What will 
 
 me ynisses say?"
 
 MOOR 141 
 
 MiSTETCH, an ill habit, property or custom ; perhaps from viis- 
 teach. Chaucer uses tetch, for a spot or blemish. 
 
 Mitt AN, a glove ; generally made of thick leather or coarse 
 yarn. Fr. mitainc. 
 
 He that his hand wol put in his mitaiite 
 Heshal have multiplying of his graine. 
 
 Chaucer, Pardonercs Tale. 
 
 MiXTY-MAXTV, MixY-MAXY, any thing confusedly mixed, an ir- 
 regular medley. Su.-Got. m'lshnask. 
 Mizzle, small rain. The substantive is neither in Ash's Diet. 
 
 nor in Todd's John, though the verb is admitted in both. 
 MoiDER, to puzzle, to perplex. — Moidered, bewildered, con- 
 fused, distracted. 
 MoLTER, Mooter, Mouter, a portion of meal abstracted by 
 the miller as a compensation fo. grinding ; the toll, as it 
 were, of the mill. Fr. viouture. It is also used as a verb. 
 It is good to be merry and wise, 
 Quoth the miller, when he mouter\l twice. 
 
 Sc. Prov. 
 
 MojiE, soft, smooth, conjoining the idea of sweetness. Hence 
 the liquor mun — ale brewed with wheat. 
 
 MoNNY, many. — Monny a time axd oft, a common expres- 
 sion for frequently. 
 
 Moo, to low as a cow. Germ, mu, vox vaccae naturalis. — 
 Wachter. 
 
 MooN-LiGHT, MooN-sHiNE, a mere pretence, an illusive shadow. 
 Also smuggled whiskey. Thanks to the malt and other 
 taxes for this neologism. 
 
 Moor, a heath, a common or waste land. Sax. mor, ericetum. 
 Isl. vior, terra arida inculta et inutilis. Dr. Jamieson er- 
 roneously supposes that this word alwnyx implies the idea
 
 142 , MOOT 
 
 of water or marshiness. The same mistake occms in 
 Todd's Johnson. 
 
 Moot-hall, the ancient hall of the castle of Newcastle — the 
 place of holding the assizes for the county of Northumber- 
 land. Sax. moth-heal, conventus aula, comitium. 
 
 Mop, " to make wry mouths or grin in contempt." — Todd's 
 John. In the North it means to prim or look affectedly. 
 — Moppet, a child so acting. Also a term of endeannent. 
 Moppe, is an old word in the latter sense. 
 
 Moral, model. " The moral of a man." An archaism. 
 
 More, a hill. Sax. mor. mons. 
 
 Morn, morrow. — The morn, to-morrow. Sax. morghen, mor- 
 gen. 
 
 Mortal, very, exceeding, excessive, abounding. Perhaps from 
 mo7-t, a great quantity. 
 
 So is all nature in love, mortal in folly. 
 
 S/tak. As You Like It. 
 
 Moss-TROOPERS, banditti, who inhabited the marshy borders of 
 the two kingdoms, and subsisted chiefly by rapine. So 
 called from living in mosses, and riding in troops to- 
 gether. 
 
 Most. It is not unusual to prefix this superlative degree to 
 the regular superlative form of another word — as " the most 
 wickedest wretch that ever lived." " The most pleasantest 
 fellow I ever knew." There are examples for it in Shaks- 
 peare and some of his cotemporaries. 
 
 MoUDY-RAT, MouDY-WARp, MouLEY-RAT, a molc. Sax. mold, 
 mould, and weorpan, to cast up. Dan. mulvarp, a mole. 
 Spenser and other old writers use mouldwarp. Shakspeare 
 — in allusion to the old prophecy which is said to have in- 
 duced Owen Glendower to rebel against King Henry —
 
 MUCK 143 
 
 causes Hotspur, when taxed by Mortimer with crossing his 
 
 father, thus to exclaim — 
 
 I cannot choose : sometimes he angers me 
 With telling me of tlie moldwarp and the ant, &c. 
 First Part of King Henry IV. 
 
 MouDY-HiLL, MouLEY-RAT-HiLL, a mole-hiU. 
 MouNGE, to grumble lowly, to whine or complain. " What are 
 ye mounging about." 
 
 About him they aw throng'd, and ax'd what news trae 
 
 under ground, 
 Each tell'd about their blarin, when they ken'd that 
 
 he was drown'd. 
 Hoots !" Archy moung'd, " its nowt but lees — to the 
 
 Barley ]Mow let's e'en be joggin, 
 Awl tyek my oath it wassent me, because aw hear its 
 
 Archy Loggan," 
 
 Song, Bold Archy Droxvndcd. 
 
 Mount, a large stone hewn into the shape of steps — placed at 
 the doors of public houses, to assist persons in mounting 
 their horses. 
 
 Mow, to converse unlawfully. I believe an old word. See the 
 ancient ballad of Bonny Dundee. 
 
 Mow, a distorted mouth. Fr. moue, a wry face. 
 
 Mow, a stack. " The barley mow." Sax. mowe, acerviis. 
 
 Muck, dung for manure. Sax. meox, fimus — Muck-jiidden, a 
 heap of maniu'e, a dunghill. — Mucky, dirty, filthy. The 
 Crav. Gloss, has 7nuck cheap, cheap as dirt : muck-heap, a 
 very dirty person, " a girt muck heap :" muck-midden- 
 hreward, upstarts. — Muck, however offensive to those 
 whose affected gentility recoils at a vulgar phrase, is not 
 without example in several of our best and most accom- 
 plished writers.
 
 144 MUCK 
 
 MuCKiNGER, MucKiNDER, a pocket-handkerchicf. 
 Be of good comfort, take my muckiuder. 
 And dry thine eyes. — Ben Jon. 
 
 Muddle, to confuse, to perplex. V. SufF. Words, muddle and 
 vmddled. 
 
 Muds, small nails used by cobblers. 
 
 MuFFETTEE, a worsted covering or small muffiov the wrist. Ap- 
 parently a recent innovation. The Scotch have a kind of 
 gloves worn by old men, called muffities, from which the 
 term may have been borrowed. 
 
 Mug, a low word for the mouth. " Shut your ugly mug." 
 
 Mugger, a hawker of pots, a dealer in earthen ware. This 
 trade is carried on to a great extent among the gipsy tribes 
 in the Northern counties. 
 
 Muggy, the white-throat. Motacilla Sijlva. — Linnaeus. 
 
 Mull, dirt, rubbish, crumbs. Su.-Got. mull. Chaucer uses 
 mullok. The fragments and dust of a stack of peats are 
 called peat-?HM//, and oaten bread broken into a'umbs, is 
 called mulled bread. 
 
 Mulligrubs, bad temper, ill humour — an indescribable com- 
 plaint. 
 
 What's the matter ? 
 Whither go all these men-menders, these physicians ? 
 Whose dog lies sick o' th' mulUgrvhs. 
 
 Bcaum. and Flet. Monsmir Thomas. 
 
 Mummer, a person disguised under a mask, a sort of morris 
 dancer. Dut. wowjnew, to mask. Dan. 7«z«ra?«e,mum. See 
 as to the old custom of mumming, in Brand's Pop. Antiq. 
 vol. i. p. 354. 
 
 Mump, to hit or slap — ^to beat about the mouth. " I'll juump 
 yor gob." A very low word. 
 
 Mun, an expletive used on all occasions. Man.
 
 - NAG 145 
 
 MuN, MuNS, the mouth. Germ, viund. 
 
 MuN, Mown, must. " I mun gan." " You mun come." Isl. 
 
 vnm. Chaucer uses vioun and mowen. 
 MuNNiT, must not. — Mussent, the same. 
 MuRDERiNQ-PiE, the great ash-coloured shrike. Laniiis excu- 
 
 bitor. Linnaeus. 
 MuRL, to fall in pieces, to crumble. Welsh, imvrl, crumbling. 
 
 Dut. 7nullen, to crumble. 
 Musii, the dust, or dusty refuse of any dry substance, any thing 
 
 decay^ or soft, " Dried to mush." 
 Mutton, a term for a courtezan. 
 
 The duke, I say to thee again, would eat mutton on 
 
 Fridays. — Shak. Meas.for Meas. 
 Mutton's mutton now. — Welster"!! Appms (|- V\rg. 
 
 Muzzy, half stupified, bewildered— /a/fg«e^ with liquor, as I 
 
 once heard & friend express it. 
 Mv-EYE, a vulgar interjectional expression of exultation, in 
 
 frequent use. 
 Mysell, myself. An universal corruption among the vulgar. 
 
 N. 
 
 Na, no. — Nat, not. Both pure Saxon. Chaucer has given 
 his Northern Clerks a northern dialect. V. Tyrwhitt's 
 note on verse 4021. 
 
 Nab, Nabb, a protuberance, an elevated point, the rocky sum- 
 mit of a hill. A steep and high precipice at the confluence 
 of the Baulder and the Tees, is called the Nabb. Sax. 
 cncep^ vertex montis. Isl. gnup, prominentia. Su.-Got. 
 kncBpp, summitas montis. 
 
 Nag, to gnaw nt any thin^ hard.
 
 146 NAGG 
 
 Naggy, ii-ritable. See KInaggy. 
 
 Naky-bed, Nakit-bed, in puns naturalibus — stark-naked. — 
 
 Nares observes, that, down to a certain period, those who 
 
 were in bed were literally naked, no night linen being 
 
 worn. Many of the Scotch — thrifty souls — and some of 
 
 the English, still continue the custom. 
 Nanny-house, Nanny-shop, a brothel. Newcastle. 
 Napkin, a pocket handkercliief. Borders of North. Used 
 
 by Shakspeare in several of his plays ; and by other 
 
 writers. 
 Nappern, an apron. This pronunciation is conformable to 
 
 the old orthography. Fr. na2)eron, a large cloth. 
 Nappy, fine ale — a little intoxicated with it. Sax. naj)pe, 
 
 cyathus. Ital. nappo, a bowl. 
 
 Nappy ale, good and stale. 
 
 BaWad, Khig and Miller of 3 fimxjidd. ■ 
 
 Narrate, to relate, to tell. Not confined to Scotland as 
 
 stated by Dr. Johnson. 
 Nash, Nesh, tender, weak, fragile. Sax. nesc. 
 Nasty, ill-natured, impatient, saucy. Its other meaning is 
 
 universal. 
 Nation, very, exceedingly. " Nation great" — " naiion wise" 
 
 — " nation foolish." 
 Nattle, or Knattle, to hit one hard substance against another 
 
 gently and quick, to make a noise like that of a mouse 
 
 gnawing a board. 
 Nattry, ill natured, petulant. " Nattry faced." 
 Natty, neat, tidy. " How very iiatfij he is." 
 Naup, to beat, to strike. Isl. kncfu. See Nevel. 
 Nay-say, a refusal, a denial. Holinshed uses nay, v. to refuse. 
 Nay then ! an exclamation implying great doubt, or wonder.
 
 NEED 147 
 
 Ne, no. — Nebodv, nobody. " Whe was there ?" " Nebody P' 
 Neagre, a term of reproach, equivalent to a base wretch ; 
 though often confined to a mean, niggardly person. Pro- 
 bably from Fr. negre, a negro. 
 Near-sighted, short-sighted. Su.-Got. naarsynt. 
 Neb, a point, a beak — also the nose, the mouth. Sax. nebb. 
 Isl. nebbi, nef. 
 
 How she holds up the neh, the bill to him ! 
 
 Shak. Winter's Tale. 
 Give her a bus — see how she cods her neh — Newc. 
 
 Neck-about, a woman's neck-handkerchief. Neckatee. 
 Neck and Heels, topsy-turvy. Origin obvious. 
 Neck-verse, a cant term formerly used by marauders on the 
 borders — adopted from the verse (generally thought to be 
 the beginning of the 51st psalm) read by criminals claim- 
 ing the benefit of clergy, so as to save their lives. 
 Letter nor line know I never a one, 
 Wer't my neck-verse at Hairibee. 
 
 Scott, Lay of the Last Minstrel- 
 
 Ned, Neddv, Edward. " Neddy, maw dear." 
 
 Neddy, a certain place that will not bear a written explana- 
 tion ; but which is depicted to the life in the first edition 
 of Bewick's Land Birds, p. 285. This A>-oa(/ piece of na- 
 tive humour is somewhat refined in the subsequent im- 
 pressions. 
 
 Need-fire, an ignition produced by the friction of two pieces 
 of dried wood. The vidgar opinion is that an Angel 
 strikes a tree, and that the fire is thereby obtained. Need- 
 fire, I am told, is still employed in the case of cattle in- 
 fected with the murrain. They were formerly driven 
 through the smoke of a fire made of straw, &c. It was
 
 148 NEER 
 
 then thought wicked to neglect smoking them. Sax. nyd, 
 force, andifyr, fire ; that i?., forced fire. 
 
 Neer-dee-weel, a graceless person — one who seems never to 
 do luell. 
 
 Neese, Neeze, to sneese. Sax. ncsse, the nose. 
 
 Neest, Niest, Nest, next. 
 
 Neet, night. " Good met, hinny." 
 
 Neif, the fist. Isl. kneji. Su.-Got. kncefve. Dan. rucve. A 
 good old Shakspearian word. Nai'es' display of authorities 
 was unnecessary. The word is still in general use in all 
 the northern counties. — Double-neif, the clenched fist. 
 
 Neif-full, a handful. 
 
 Nclson's Bullets, small confections in the shape of balls. In 
 commemoration of the naval hero. 
 
 Nents, against, towards. 
 
 Nerled, ill-treated : often applied to the conduct of a step- 
 mother. 
 
 Nestling, the smallest bird in the nest, the weakest of the 
 brood. Sax. nestling. Something like the Dowpy. . 
 
 Nether-stocks, stockings. Used by Shak. in King Lear, 
 and in Henry IV. Nether is an old word for lower, from 
 Sax. neother. 
 
 Nether.lip, the under lip. 
 
 That thou art my son, I have partly thy mother's 
 word, partly m^' own opinion ; but chiefly a vil- 
 lainous trick of thine eye, and a foolish hanging 
 of the nether lij), that doth waiTant me. 
 
 Slutk. First Part of Henry IF. 
 
 Nettled, provoked, irritated — as if stung by a 7icitlc. To 
 water a nettle, in a certain way, has been said proverbially 
 to cause peevish and fretful, humour. See. the proverb in 
 Howell.
 
 NIFF 149 
 
 ^EUCK, NuiK, Nook, a corner. " The chimlay neucV — the 
 
 fire side. Gael. nine. 
 Nevel, to beat violently with the fists, or neives. See Nkii'. 
 
 She'l nawpe and nnd them M'ithout a cause, 
 She'l macke them late their teeth naunt in their hawse. 
 Yorkshire Dialogue, p. 08. 
 
 Ni ! Ni ! a common exclamation in Newcastle. 
 
 VVaes ! Archy lang was hale an' rank, the kiiig o' lad- 
 
 . dies braAv — 
 His wrist Avas like an anchor shank, his fist was like 
 
 the claw — 
 His yellow waistcoat flowered se fine, myed tailors 
 
 lang for cabbage cuttins — 
 It myed the bairns to glower amain, and cry, '■^ Ni ! 
 Ni ! what bonny buttons !" 
 
 Song, Bold Arch)/ Drownded. 
 
 Nice, good, pleasant, agreeable, handsome. " A nice man" — " a 
 very nice woman." — Nicely, in good health. 
 
 Nick, to delude by stratagem, to deceive. 
 
 Nick-stick, a tally, or notched stick, by which accounts are 
 kept. This simple mode of reckoning seems to have been 
 the only one known to the Northern nations. V. Jam. 
 When a woman, in a certain state, goes longer than her 
 calculation, she is said among the vulgar to have lost her 
 niclc-sticJc. 
 
 Nicker, to neigh, to laugh in a loud ridiculous manner. Sax. 
 gneegan. " What are you nickering at." 
 
 Nicker and Sneer, a loud vulgar laugh — apparently boi-i-ow- 
 ed from the neighing and snorting of a horse. 
 
 Niddered, starved with cold, hungered. V. Jam. 
 
 NiFF-NAFFS, trifles, things of little value. Fr. nippes.
 
 150 NIFF 
 
 NiFFV-NAFFY, 3 term for an insignificant or conceited person 
 — one whose attention is devoted to trifles. 
 
 NiFFLE, to steal, to plunder. Perhaps by a metathesis from 
 rijle. 
 
 Nigh, to approach, to touch. Sax. nehwan, appropinquare. 
 — Nigh-hand, hard by, — Nighest-about, the nearest 
 way. 
 
 Night-courtship, a Cumbrian mode of wooing; fully de- 
 scribed in note 3, Anderson's Ballads. 
 
 NiM, to walk with short quick steps, to take up hastily. 
 
 Nine-trades, nine trading companies in Newcastle — three 
 of wood — three of thread — and three of leather. " The 
 meeting of the nine trades." 
 
 Ninnyhammer, a fooHsh, stupid person. Shak. frequently 
 uses ninny. 
 
 Nip-cheese, a contemptuous designation for a parsimonious, 
 covetous person. 
 
 Nip-up, to wipe up, to move quickly, to pilfer. 
 
 Nipping, pinching ; as by frost or cold. 
 
 It is a nipping and an eager air. — SJiaJc. Hamlet. 
 
 Nithing, much valuing, sparing of; as nith'mg of his pmns : 
 i. e. sparing of his pains. Ray. 
 
 NiTTLE, handy, neat, handsome. Sax. nj/tlic, utilis. 
 
 NivvER, never. " To-morrow come nivver — when two Sun- 
 days meet together." 
 
 Nob, the head. Used ludicrously. 
 
 NoBBiT, Nobbut, only. No7ie but. " Who's that ?" — " Nob- 
 bit I." 
 
 Noddle, a burlesque name for the nose. 
 
 No-FAR, near. Not far, A common North country phrase. 
 
 Noodle, a fool. A term often used in Newcastle — sometimes 
 ungallantly.
 
 NOUS 151 
 
 NooLED, checked, curbed, broken spirited. 
 
 Nor, than. Very common among the vidgai" ; and occa- 
 sionally used by people in Newcastle, in a sphere beyond 
 the " mere ignoble." Gael. na. 
 
 Nose on the grindstone, asimile for the fate of an improvident 
 person. See an illustration in a tail piece to Bewick's 
 iEsop, p. 128. 
 
 Nose-wise, acute, quick of perception. Germ, nase-weis, self- 
 witted, presumptuous. 
 
 Note, to push or strike with the horns ; as a bull or nun. 
 Isl. hntota, ferire. 
 
 N0TT.AJMY, OTToaiy, a skeleton. — Nottamised, Ottomised, 
 dissected. 
 
 Nought, Nowt, nothing. " Cheese for half-nought, here !" 
 Newcastle cry. 
 
 NouT, OR Nolt, neat, or horned cattle of the ox species. 
 Isl. naut, bos. Old Eng. nowt. The nolt market, the 
 ancient name of a street in Newcastle — now the Bigg- 
 market. 
 
 NouT-GELD, Neat-geld, cornage rent, originally paid in cattle 
 — horn tax. Cornage seems to have been peculiar to the 
 border service against the Scots. The tenants holding 
 under it were bound to be ready to serve, on horseback 
 or on foot, at their own costs and charges ; and, being best 
 acquainted with the passes and defiles, had the honour of 
 marching in the vanguard, when the king's araiy passed 
 into Scotland. 
 
 NouTH, the north. — Noutherly, northerly. " Past two 
 o'clock, and a frosty mornin — winds noutherly." — Norrid, 
 northward. " Several Greenlandmen passed norrid" 
 
 NouTHER, Nowther, neither. Pure Saxon. 
 
 NoL'SE, judgment, understanding, sense. Lat. noscere.
 
 152 NOW'S 
 
 NowsE, notliing ; contrary to oiose. 
 
 Wi' huz, mun, three hundred ships sail iv a tide. 
 
 We think nowse on't aw'l myek accydavy ; 
 Ye're a gowk if ye din't knaw that the lads o' Tyne-side, 
 Are the Jacks that myek famish wor navy. 
 
 Song, Canny Newcasscl. 
 As to that pedant Mr. Hall, 
 By Jove — I'll give him noivse at all. 
 
 The Vicar's Will. 
 
 Nudge, to push, to jog. " What aie ye midging at." 
 NuM, Numb, clumsy, benumbed. Sax. benum, stupefactus. 
 NuT-CRACK-NiGHT, All Hallows Evc ; on which it is customary 
 to crack nuts in large quantities. They are also thrown 
 in pairs into the fire, as a love divination, by young people 
 in Northumberland, anxious to know their future lot in 
 the connubial state. If the nuts lie still and burn toge- 
 ther, it prognosticates a happy marriage, or at least a hope- 
 ful love ; if, on the contrary, they bounce and fly asunder, 
 the sign is unpropitious to matrimony. Bm'ning the nuts 
 is also a famous charm in Scotland. 
 
 The auld guidwife's weel hoordet nits 
 
 Are round an' round divided. 
 An' monie lads' and lasses' fates 
 
 Are there that night decided : 
 Some kindle couthie, side by side. 
 
 An' bum thegither trimly ; 
 Some start awa wi' saucy pride, 
 
 And jump out-owre the chimlie. 
 
 Burns, Halloween. 
 
 See some curious notes, explanatory of the charms and 
 sjjrfs of this evening, appended to the poem here quoted. 
 Nyem, name. " Aw diwent ken his nyeni." — Broad Neivcastle.
 
 OIL 
 
 O. 
 Oaf, a fool, a blockhead, an idiot. " Oh ! yah oaf, i/ah /" 
 
 V. Todd's John, and WUb, 
 Obstropolous, vociferous, turbulent, obstreperous. 
 Then rough-hewn tar, 
 Who sail'd had far, 
 " Cries out, my lads ! give o're ; 
 " Since, body of me ! 
 " You can't agree, 
 " Cease such obstroj/lous roar." 
 
 BenweU Village. 
 
 Oddments, Odds and Ends, scraps, tilings of little value, 
 
 odd trifles. 
 Odds-bobs, a vulgar exclamation of surprize. — Odd rot it, 
 
 tlie same. 
 Odds-deeth ! Odds-life ! Odds-heart ! Odds-heft ! Odds- 
 wowKs ! Odds-zooks ! frequent palliative adjm-ations. 
 As are also, Odds-dat-it, Odds-drab-it. 
 Oddsheft ! we all know Skipper Clark, 
 Has got a stomach like a shark. 
 And can — if he's a mind to try, 
 Devour a bullock in a pie. 
 
 Willy Wood, and Greedy Grizzle. 
 
 Odds-fish ! an interjection — a moderated diminutive of God's 
 flesh. 
 
 Oftens, Offens, the plural of often. Quite common. — 0ft- 
 iSH, Oftenish, very often. 
 
 OiL-oF-HAZEL, a souud di'ubbiug. A piece of waggery is some- 
 times practised by mischievous mxhins in Newcastle, on 
 raw inexperienced lads from the country — in sending them 
 
 X
 
 154 OLD 
 
 to a chymist's shop for a '■^ i^erCorth of oihof-hazeW An 
 eai'nest application of a good thick hazel stick is often the 
 result. Sending for pigeoi^s milk is a similar joke of old 
 standing. 
 
 Old, great ; such as was practised in the " olden time." — Oijj- 
 DOiNGS, great sport, great feasting — an uncommon displa3' 
 of hospitaHty. 
 
 Oldish, rather old. Very common. 
 
 Old-nick, one of the most common of all the ludicrous names 
 given to the devil ; or, as it is pronounced, the deevil. — 
 The Danes and Germans, according to the northern my- 
 thology of elder times, worshipped Kocka or Nicken, a 
 deity of the waters, represented a'^ of a hideous shape, and 
 of diabolical principles ; from which, no doubt, the popular 
 name oi old-nick has been derived. — Old-Harry, and Old- 
 scratch, are also designations appropriated to the same 
 evil being by the vulgar in the North. 
 
 Old-peg, Aud-peg, an inferior sort of cheese, made of skim- 
 med milk. It is also called, not inaptly, leather huvgry. 
 V. Moor, bang. 
 
 Old-shoe. The ancient custom of throwing an old shoe af- 
 ter a person for luck, is not yet disused in the North. In 
 the case of marriages, it is often practised ; even among 
 some of the great. See on this subject. Brand's Pop. 
 Antiq. vol. ii. p. 4S0 ; and Nares' Gloss. " As easy as an 
 old shoe" — a common comparison. 
 
 Omy, mellow ; spoken of land. V. Jam. oam. 
 
 One-day, a favourite retrospection. " I remember it well — 
 it happened one-day when from home." 
 
 Ongoings, conduct, doings, merriment. 
 
 Onset, a dwelling-house and out-buildings. Something ad- 
 ded or set on.
 
 OUT 155 
 
 Onsetten, dwarfish, curbed in growth. " An onsetten f/ihig" 
 — a common term of derision. 
 
 Onstead, Onstid, the buildings on a farm — a station or siai/ 
 near the house for cattle or stacks. Sax on, and sled, 
 locus. 
 
 Ony, Onny, any. — Oxny-bit-like, tolerable, decent, likely. 
 
 Oo, often pronounced ui ; as book, buik ; look, luik ; took, 
 tuik. 
 
 OoL, Owl, wool. Had the learned author of the Commen- 
 taries on the Laws of England known tliis, he need not 
 have gone so far to seek the meaning of what he calls 
 owl'mg. V. Blackstone, vol. iv. p. 154. 
 
 Oppen, to open. — Oppent, opened. 
 
 Orndorns, "afternoon's drinkings, corrupted from onederinsV 
 Ray, who gives it as a Cumb. word. Ownder is used in 
 some parts of the North, for the afternoon ; which may be 
 the same as Chaucer's undern; and in a list of words 
 communicated to me by a friend, a native of Cumberland, 
 I find orndinner, afternoon's luncheon — omsupper, after- 
 supper's refection. 
 
 OsKEN, an oxgang of land — varying in quantity. 
 
 Othergaits, Othergets, otherwise, different. 
 
 If Sir Toby had not been in di-ink, lie would have 
 tickled you othergates than he did. 
 
 SJwk. Tzctlfih NigJd. 
 
 Ousen, Owsen", oxen. Moe.-Got. mtlisne. 
 
 He has gowd in his coffers, he has oix'seti and kine. 
 And ae bonie lassie, his darling and mine. — Burns, 
 
 Olt-at-the-elbows, in declining circumstances. 
 Olt-by, a short way from home, not far distant. 
 Out-fall, a quarrel, a misunderstanding. 1o fall out. Sw. 
 id/all, a hostile excursion.
 
 156 OUTG 
 
 Outgoings, synonymous with Outlay, which see. 
 
 Outing, an airing, going from home. Sw. uttaeg, an expedi- 
 tion abroad. Also an entertainment or supper given by 
 an apprentice to his shopmates, on the expiration of his 
 servitude. 
 
 Outlay, expenditure. Dr. Jam. refers to Sw. tU/agga, to ex- 
 pend ; whence iitlaga, tax ; idlagor, expenditure. 
 
 Outoponner, or Oot-upon-her ! an interjectional term of 
 reproach, or abhorrence. 
 
 But Old upon this half-fac'd fellowship. 
 
 Shak. First Part of King. Henry IV. 
 
 Out o' the way, uncommon, exorbitant, wayward. 
 
 OuTRAKE, a free passage for sheep from inclosed pastures 
 into open grounds or common lands. Sax. ut-rcBcan, ex- 
 tendere. Dr. Willan, however, thinks that, in wrifijig the 
 word out-track, we should perhaps exhibit the right mode 
 of spelling, as well as the derivation of it. 
 
 OuTSHOTS, projections of the upper stories of old houses, in 
 Newcastle ; of which there used to be several. A few 
 still remain. # . 
 
 Oft in a house decay'd with age, 
 ^Aliich scarce will bear the winter's rage ; 
 AVhose crazy outshots threat'ning hing 
 About their ears, a peal to ring. 
 
 Description of Sand gate. 
 
 Outwale, refuse. See Wale. 
 
 Over it, to recover from an illness. " I'm sadly afraid she'll 
 
 never over it." 
 OvERGET, to overtake — ower-take. " He is but a little before, 
 
 you will soon over-get him." 
 Otermickle, OwERMiCKLE, overmuch. Sax. ofer-micel.
 
 . PACK 1-57 
 
 Owe, to belong to. An old sense of the word. 
 
 Thou dost here usurp 
 The name thou ow'st not. 
 
 SM^. Tempest. 
 OwER, over. — Out-ower, across. — Ower-by, over the way. 
 OwsE, any thing ; contrary to nowse. 
 OwT, Ought, any thing. Sax. ow/iit. 
 OwTHER, OwETHER, Oatiier, either. An old word. " Oiu- 
 
 ther on us" — either of us. 
 Ox-eye, the greater titmouse. Parus majo7-, Linnaeus, 
 OxLiP, the greater cowslip. Sax. oxan-sHppa. 
 
 I know a bank Avhere the wild thyme blows, 
 Where oxlips and the nodding violets grows. 
 
 Shak. Mid. Nighfs Dream. 
 OxTAR, Oxter, the aim pit. Sax. oxtan. Pegge, however, 
 thinks it should perhaps be written Hockster, quasi the 
 hock of the arm, or the lesser hock. 
 Oye, a grandchild. V. Jamieson, oe. 
 
 Oysters. Ee-shee-ke-le-kaul-er-Oysteers, the famous cry 
 of the elder oyster-wenches, in Newcastle ; but now rarely 
 carried to this musical extent. Bewick has figured two 
 of these dames in a tail piece to his Land Birds, edit. 1821, 
 p. 20. 
 
 P. 
 
 Pack, the warehouse of a pedlar. " Perish the Pack" was a 
 
 well known character in Newcastle, a few years ago. Sec 
 
 Packman, and Pedder. 
 Packing-penny-day, the last day of the fair ; when all the 
 
 cheap bargauis are to be had. Newc. 
 Pac kman, a pedlar — a man who carries a pack on his back. 
 
 — Many persons in Newcastle, now enjoying otmm cum
 
 158 PADD 
 
 dignitate, ai"e lineally descended from pack men — through no 
 very remote genealogy. 
 
 Honour and shame from no condition rise ; 
 
 Act well your part — there all the honour lies Pope. 
 
 Paddick, or Paddock, a frog. Sax. pad, pada. Never a 
 toad. 
 
 Paddockes, todes, and water-snakes. 
 
 CJiapynan, Ccesar and Pompey. 
 
 Paddock calls — Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 Paddle, an iron instrument for clearing away diit, a scraper. 
 
 Paddock, a small field or park adjoining to, or surrounding a 
 house. Sax. pearroc, parruc. In Westmorland, parruck, 
 evidently the proper word, is a common name for an in- 
 closure near a farm house. 
 
 Paddock-stool, or stuvl, a fungus often mistaken for a 
 mushroom. Teut. padden-stocl. 
 
 P.VD-THE-H00F5 to walk. " As aw cuddent get a ride, aw was 
 'bliged to pad the hoof.'" 
 
 Paffling, silly, trifling. " A paffing fellow." 
 
 Paik, to beat, to chastise. Germ, pauken. — Paiks, Paikes, a 
 beating, a drubbing. V. Jam. 
 
 Painches, tripe. From paunch. — Painch-wives, Paincher- 
 AVIVES, tripe women. Ncwc. 
 
 Palaver, v. to use a great many unnecessary words. — Pala- 
 ver, s. needless talk. Span, palabra, a word ; palabrern, 
 talkative, full of prate, loquacious. 
 
 Palterley, Palterev, paltry. 
 
 Pax, to match, to agree, to assimilate. Dr. Willan seems to 
 think this must be borrowed from cookeri/ : — the author of 
 the Crav. Gloss, from Sax. jmn, a piece of cloth inserted 
 or agreeing with another. But see Ray.
 
 PARR lo9 
 
 Pancake-Tuesday, Shrove Tuesday ; on v.'hich it is a general 
 custom in the North to have pancalvcs. Formerly, in 
 Newcastle, the great bell of St. Nicholas was tolled at 
 twelve o'clock at noon ; when the shops and offices were 
 immediately closed, and a little carnival ensued for the 
 remainder of the day. It is still a sort of half holiday. 
 Pang, to fill, to stuff. — Pang-full, crammed with food. Teut. 
 banghen, premere. 
 
 Next, to the tents we hied, te get 
 Sum stuffin for wor bags, man ; 
 Wi' flesh we gaily pang'd wor hides— 
 Smok'd anowse but patten shag, man. 
 
 Song, X. V. Z. 
 
 Pant, a pubKc fountain. In Newcastle they are of a particu- 
 lar construction, having a reservoir before them for retain- 
 ing the water. According to Skinner, pond was anciently 
 pronounced pand, which may be derived from Sax. pyndan, 
 to inclose or shut up, and which might easily get changed 
 to pant. See a representation of a North country pant, 
 in Bewick's ^sop, p. 334. 
 
 Parcy-and, the sign or contraction 4-. 
 
 Parfit, perfect, entire. Fr. parfait. Used by Chaucer. 
 
 Parget, to plaster chimnies with a mixture of cow dung, &c ; 
 formerly the common term for plastering the roofs of rooms. 
 V. Nares. 
 
 Parlous, perilous, dangerous, wonderful — also acute, clever, 
 shrewd. An old word. — Parlish, a variation in dialect. 
 
 A parhus boy ! — go to, you are too shrewd. 
 
 Sliuk. King Richard III. 
 
 Parrished, perished, starved, much affected by cold. — Par- 
 RiSHMEXT, a state of starvation. " He's gettin a jjarrish- 
 ment a' caud.^'
 
 160 PASE 
 
 Pase, v. to raise, to lift up, to open ^vith violence. Fr. peser, 
 to weigh. — Pase, s. a lever. 
 
 Pash, v. to bruise, to crush, to dash in pieces. — Pash, ,s-. any 
 thing decayed. " As rotten as pasK'' — " As soft as pash." 
 
 Pash, a fall of rain or snow. Dut. plus. 
 
 Paste-eggs, eggs boiled hard, and dyed or stained various 
 colours — given to children to amuse themselves with about 
 the time of Easter. The custom of presenting eggs at this 
 season of the year is of great antiquity, and pervaded va- 
 rious nations. Su.- Got. pask-egg. V. Ihre. vol. i. p. 390. 
 Dan. paaske-cEg, coloured eggs. See nuich cm'ious matter 
 relative to this subject, in Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. i. easier 
 
 eggs- 
 
 Pate, a brock or badger. V. Ray. 
 
 Pauky, saucy, squeamish, scrupulously nice — also proud, in- 
 solent, artful. Q. Sax. pcecan, mentiri ? 
 
 Paul, to puzzle. Poze is used in the same sense. 
 
 Paut, v. to paw, to walk heavily or awkwardly, to kick. — 
 Paut, s. a stroke on the ground with the foot. Teut. 
 pad, planta pedis. 
 
 Pawp, the foot — particulai-ly a clumsy one. — Pal pin, Pavp- 
 iNG, walking awkwardly. 
 
 Paws, the hands. " Keep yor paws off." 
 
 Pay, to beat, to drub. " The rascal pays his wife." — Pays, 
 a beating, a drubbing. Welsh, pwyaw, to beat, to batter. 
 
 Two, I am sure, I have paid. 
 
 Sliak. First Part of King Henrij IV. 
 
 Pea, or Pee-jacket, a loose rough jacket or short covering ; 
 much used in severe weather by mariners, and by watermen 
 on the Tyne. It was formerly the ludlckni outer-dress of 
 the keelmen.
 
 PEEN ini 
 
 Peas-straw, a rustic love charm. A Cumbrian girl, when 
 her lover proves unfaithful to her, is by way of consola- 
 tion, rubbed with pefn-xt)-aw b}' the neighbouring lads; 
 and when a Cumbrian youth loses his sweetheart, by her 
 marriiige with a rival, the same sort of comfort is adminis- 
 tered to him by the lasses of the village. — Kote, in Andcr- 
 soiis Ballads. 
 Pea-swad, or Swad, the husk that contains peas. 
 PunDER, Petuer, or Pethir, a pedlar — a travelling merchant. 
 Pee, to squint, to spy with one eye — to look through con- 
 tracted eye-lids. — Peed, blind of an eye. 
 Pee-dee, a young lad in a keel, who has charge of the rudder. 
 In other respects, something similar to the cabin-boy of a 
 ship. Often called by a name too coarse for insertion. 
 Peel, a place of strengtli — a fortified building. Sax. pil, 
 moles. 
 
 Within my own recollection almost every old house 
 in the dales of Rede and Tyne was what is called 
 a Peel house, built for securing its inhabitants 
 and theii- cattle in the moss-trooping times. 
 Iledlcij, Archoeologia jElkiria, vol. I. p. 243. 
 
 The Northumberland Peel houses were of two stories — 
 the first arched over, into which the cattle were driven ; 
 but a Feel, according to the proper sense of the term, sig- 
 nifies a Gothic strong-hold, the defences of which are of 
 earth mixed with timber, strengthened with j)iles or 'pali- 
 sades, such as was connnon on the Continent at a very 
 early period. 
 Peelings, parings. " Apple peelings" — " Potatoe peelings." 
 Peenging, Pinging, uttering feeble, frequent, and somewhat 
 peevish complaints. " A peenging bairn" — a whining 
 child. Teut. jji/iiig/icn, affligere.
 
 162 PEEZ 
 
 Peez-weep, Pee-wit, the lapwing, or bastard plover. Tihign 
 vanellns, Lin, V. Wilb. appendix. 
 
 Peg, v. to beat with sharp knuckles. Isl, piaha, tundere.— 
 Peg, s. a blow or thump. 
 
 Pelch, faint, indisposed, exhausted. 
 
 Pell-mell, quick. See its other meanings in Todd's John, 
 
 Pet, a domesticated lamb — a spoiled, pampered child — a fond- 
 ling designation for a female favourite. Old play writers 
 use j)eat, in the latter sense. 
 
 Petted, fondled, indulged. " What a petted child." 
 
 Pick, to pitch, to throw. Su.-Got. jncka, minutis ictibus 
 
 tundere. 
 
 I'd make a quarry 
 
 "With thousands of these quarter'd slaves, as higii 
 
 As I could picli my lance — Shak. Corlolaniis. 
 
 Pick-fork, a hay fork, a sort of grape. See Grape, 
 Pick-night, dismal, dark as pitch. Shakspeare and later 
 writers use pitchy, in the same sense. 
 Then aw met yor Ben, an' we were like to fight; 
 An' when we cam to Sandgate it was pick-nig/it. 
 
 Song, Matv Canny Hinny. 
 
 Pickle, a small quantity, a little. 
 
 PiCKLET, or Pikelet, a small round light cake — a sort of 
 muffin. 
 
 Picks, the suit of diamonds at cards. Grose erroneously says 
 spades. Brand pretends to seek a derivation in the re- 
 semblance which the diamond bears to a mill-picJi, as 
 fusils are sometimes called in Heraldry. 
 
 Picktree, Pigcree, or Pigery, a pig-sty. 
 
 Piece, a little while. " Stay a piece and then aw will." 
 
 Pifle, to filch, to steal. From pilfer. 
 
 Pike, v. to pick, to select, to chuse. Dut. picken.
 
 PIPE 163 
 
 Pike, or IIay-pike, s. See IIav-imaking. 
 
 PiN-( ODD, or Prin-codd, a pin-cushion. See Codd. 
 
 Pinch-gut, a penurious person — a covetous, miserable 
 wretch. 
 
 Pink, small. " Aw never saw sic a Pink-eed bod}." 
 
 PiNKEY, very sjnall. Dut. pinkje. — Pinkey-wixkey, the 
 smallest imaginable. 
 
 Pm-PAXNiEBLY-FELLow, a miserable, covetous, suspicious fel- 
 low, one who pins up or fastens his paniers and baskets. 
 — Grose. 
 
 Piper, a minstrel. Northumberland. Sax. pipere. The 
 noble house of Percy still retain pipers in their service. 
 They wear, on the right arm, a silver crescent, granted as 
 a badge to the family, for ha^ang taken the Turkish stand- 
 ard, in an expedition against the Saracens, in the Holy 
 Land : — attend the couits-leet and fairs held for the Lord : 
 — and pay suit and service at Alnwick castle. Their in- 
 strument is the ancient Northumbrian bag-pipe, different 
 in form and execution from the Scotch ; it being much 
 smaller, and blown, not with the breath, but by a pair of 
 bellows fixed under the left arm, 
 
 "With wassail, mirth, and revelry 
 
 The castle rung around : 
 Lord Percy call'd for song and harp, 
 And pipes of martial sound. 
 
 The minstrels of thy noble house, 
 
 All clad in robes of blue, 
 With silver crescents on their arms, 
 
 Attend in order due. 
 
 Tfte Tfrr?uit of Warkworth. 
 
 PiP^STOPPEL, a fragment of the shank of a tobacco-pipe.
 
 164 PIPI 
 
 Piping-hot, extremely hot. " Pie;<, piping-hot. 
 The honour thou hast got 
 To spick and span nQ\\\ pipiug-hot. 
 
 Butler, Hudibras. 
 
 Pipkin, or Pidkin, a small earthen vessel with a handle from 
 one side. 
 
 P*****G ON A Grave. Women transported with rage and 
 wickedness sometimes threaten their deadly enemies in tliis 
 manner. A clergyman, in Northumherland, informed me 
 that he had heard of a person who was actually guilty of 
 such a revenge. Many old customs are harmless ; but this 
 is composed of nothing but horrible materials. 
 
 PiTaiAN, a collier — a man who works in a coal ^>j7. 
 
 Pitter-patter, to beat incessantly, like rain. 
 
 PiTTV-PATTY, palpitation, a quick movement of the heart. 
 Pitapat is classical. 
 
 Plash, v. to splash. Su.-Got. jL»/rt.?/i(7. — Plash, s. a small pool 
 of water. — Plash of raits, a heavy fall or severe shower. 
 Dut. plasregen. 
 
 Pleach, to bind a hedge. V. SufF. Words, plash. 
 
 Plean, to complain. An old word. 
 
 Pleak, or Pleany-pye, a tell-tale, or prating gossip. Pleig- 
 nen occurs in Gower. 
 
 Plenish, or PleiNnish, to furnish a house. 
 , Plenishing, or Plennishing, household furniture. Q. Lat. 
 pk'Jius ? 
 
 Plodge, to wade through water, to plunge. 
 
 Plooky, Plooky-faced, pimpled. Gael./j/z^caw, a pimple. 
 
 Plooky, plookij, are jour cheeks, 
 And plooky is 3'our chin. 
 
 Ballad, Sir Hugli, le Blond.
 
 POOM 1()5 
 
 Plote, to pluck, to chide vehemently. " Sec how she ploles 
 
 him." 
 Plouter, Plowteu, to winle through water or mire, to be 
 engaged in any dirty work. Teut. plotsen. Germ, ^j/a- 
 dern. 
 Plowding, wading through thick and thin. Dut. j^^ucgen. — 
 
 See Pi-ouTER. 
 Ploy, a harmless frolic in which a party is engaged ; a merry 
 meeting. Dr. Jam. is inclined to view this word as formed 
 from Sax. jjlegan, to play. 
 Pluff, Pleugh, a plough. Su.-Got. plog. Germ, pflug. — 
 This gives me an opportunity of presenting to the reader 
 a genuine Norihumbrian specimen of an agricidtural re- 
 proof; comnmnicated to me by a friend. 
 
 " Ye ill t'ar'd i)i)ily ye ! ye pretend to guide the phiffl 
 to leeve a saet a baaks in aa the faf quarter. I'll 
 ha ne mair o' thee ! Se ye may gang at the Fair, 
 honest man ! Thou mun de't better nor that, 
 else thou may gang heame." 
 
 PocK-ARREU, OR PocK-ARRD, pitted with the small-pox. It 
 might be thought puckered, but the a is distinctly pro- 
 nounced and accented. Germ, pockentiarbig. See Arr. 
 
 PoCK-FRETTEN, marked with the small-pox. 
 
 Po-HEAD, Po-HEED, Pow-HEAD, a tad-polc, or young toad. 
 
 Poke, to stoop. "To poke the head." 
 
 Poke, a bag, a sack. " A pig in a poke" — an old Northern 
 idiom. Sax. pocca, a pouch. Isl. ^joA-j, saccus. Teut. 
 poke. 
 
 Poked, offended, piqued. " Aiu've poked him, sareJ" 
 
 Poker and Tongs, when a horse strikes the hind against the 
 fore shoe. 
 
 PooMER, any thing very large. " Ee ! what a jmomer."
 
 166 POOR 
 
 Poor Body ! poor creature. A common colloquial expres- 
 sion of sympathy. 
 
 Poorly, indifferent in health, — Very poorly, very unwell. 
 
 PoR, Pore, a poker for stiiTing the fire. Teut. jyorren, ur- 
 gere, compellere. 
 
 PoRRAGE, Porridge, hasty-pudding — oatmeal mLxed in boil- 
 ing water, and stirred on the fire till it be considerably 
 
 thickened. 
 
 Porridge after meat ! 
 
 Shak. Troilus and Crcssida. 
 
 PoRTMANTLE, a portmanteau. Originally a bag for a cloak or 
 
 juantle. 
 PosEV, PosiE, a bunch of flowers, a nosegay. A genuine 
 
 North country word. 
 
 Now all prepared and ready stand, 
 AVith fans and posies in their hand. 
 
 The Collier'' s Wedding. 
 
 Poss, to dash violently in the water. " To poss clothes" — 
 
 " A poss tub." " Aw passed him ower heed." 
 PoT-CLEPs, pot-hooks. Ray says, from clip or clap, because 
 
 they clap or catch hold of the pot. 
 PoTTiCAR, PoTECARY, PoTiiECARY, an apothecary. In the 
 ancient mode of writing this word, the A was omitted. See 
 Bewick's iEsop. p. 36. 
 Pottinger, a coarse earthen-ware pot, with a handle. Por- 
 ringer. 
 Pou, Poo, PoOGH, to pull. " Poo away vie lads." 
 PouK, to strike ; or rather to push. 
 
 He's grown sae weel acquaint wi' Buchan, 
 
 An' ither chaps, 
 The weans baud out their fingers laughiu, 
 And pouk my hips. 
 Burns, Death and Doctor Iloruhook.
 
 PUCK 167 
 
 Pow, the pate, the head. " Aw^l rattle yor pow." 
 
 Albeit my pow was bald and bare Rawscnj, 
 
 PowsoDDY, suet pudding placed under a roast. 
 
 Prentice, an apprentice. An ancient mode of contracting the 
 word. Ileywood's play of the Four Prentices of London. 
 
 Prickle, a basket or measure of wicker work among fruiterers. 
 Formerly made of briers ; hence, perhaps, the name. 
 
 Prickt, decayed ; said of wine having a tendency to soiu'. 
 
 Prig, to plead hard in a bargain, to higgle in price. Dut. 
 prachen, to beg. 
 
 Priggish, vain, conceited, affected, coxcomical. 
 
 Prime, a little intoxicated, ready for action or business. Both 
 in a metaphorical sense. 
 
 Prin, a pin. Isl. prion, acus capitata. Dan. preen. Dr. 
 Jam. has satisfactorily proved that this is no corruption. 
 
 Princox, a pert or forward fellow. V. Todd's John, 
 
 Prith Enow ! a frequent supplication. Pray thee noiu. 
 Away ! I prilhcc, leave me — Ro-u-e, Jane Shore. 
 
 Prod, a prick, a skewer. Su.-Got. brodd, aculeus. 
 
 Prog, Proggle, v. to prick, to prickle. Isl. brydda, pungere. 
 
 Prog, s. a prick. — Progly, a. prickly. 
 
 pROss, talk, conversation — rather of the gossiping kind. " Let 
 us have a bit oipross." 
 
 Proud, luxuriant. " Corn's varra proud." Crav. Gloss. 
 
 P's AND Q's, a nicety of beha\aour ; an observance of all due 
 formalities. Perhaps from a French injunction to make 
 proper obeisances, " Soyez attentifs a vos pies et vos cues ; 
 in other words, mind your P's and Q's." 
 
 PuBBLE, full, plump ; usually spoken of corn or fruit in oppo- 
 sition to fantome — any thing fat, or distended. 
 
 Pucker, flutter, agitation, " What a pucker he's in." A fi- 
 gurative application of the word.
 
 1G8 PUGG 
 
 PuGGY, moist; arising from gentle perspiration. " ^^ Itugc^y 
 
 hand." 
 PuLK, a hole of standing water — a puddle. 
 PuLLEN, poultry. An old word. V. Todd's John. The Piil- 
 
 len market in Newcastle. 
 PiTMMEL, OR PoMsiEL, to beat Severely, to chastise with the fist. 
 
 For your pate I would pummel. 
 
 Bcaiim. (|- Flci. Four Plays in One. 
 
 Punch, to strike with the feet. " Don't jnmch so." 
 PuND, a pound. Welsh, punt. " One pund two." 
 PuN-FAUD, or PiN-FAUD, a pinfold. Sax. pi/ndan, to inclose. 
 Puny, small, weak, sickly. " A jmny hmi'w." Vr. puisne; 
 
 hence V^g. puisne, inferior, lower in rank. 
 PuoY, PuY, or PouiE, a long pole, with an iron spike, or spikes, 
 at the end, used in propelling keeln in shallow water, or 
 when it is inconvenient to use sails or oars. Span, apoyo. 
 PuRDY, a little thick-set fellow. I owe this word to the com- 
 munication of a friend in the County of Durham, who first 
 heard it at Barnard-Castle. On ascertaining the meaning 
 the following dialogue took place. 
 
 Q. What does purdij mean ? 
 
 A. A little thrusimi up thing like a Jack at Warts. 
 
 Q. What's that ? 
 
 A. Something like a lime hiiritrr. 
 
 Q. What is a lime burner ? 
 
 A. Oh nobbit a Kendal sto'-lccncr. 
 
 Q. ^Vhat is that ? 
 
 A. A Utile thkk-sct fclluxo. 
 
 Moor has purdy, proud, ostentatious ; and I have been 
 told, since this article was written, that powsey is used in 
 near!}' the same sense as purdy. 
 PuRET.y, quite well. " How is lah .^" — Purely, tlienk yc."
 
 QUER 1(!9 
 
 PuRLicuE, a flourish in writing. " A spang and purlicue." 
 
 Fr. pour le queue. V. Jam. 
 Puss, PussEY, PtissEY-CAT, a cat, a hare. " Poor little piissei/." 
 Put, to push, to propel. Welsh, pwtiaw. " He puts weeW 
 PuzzEN, poison. " That rum's sartinly puzzen." 
 Pyannet, Pynet, a magpie. Welsh, pioden. See Maggy. 
 Pyrrhy-dancers. See Merry-dancers. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quail, to fail, to fall sick, to faint. Teut. quelen, to languish. 
 V. Nares, for examples of its ancient use. 
 
 Quandary, a dilemma, an unpleasant predicament, a state of 
 perplexity. Skinner's derivation from Fr. qu'en diraije, 
 is adopted in Todd's John. But the pronoun (nominative) 
 was often left out by old French writers, which would here 
 make the derivation more accurate — qu'en dirai ? 
 
 Quean, a term of abuse to a female — sometimes unplying the 
 most disgraceful name that can be applied to the sex. 
 Moe.-Got. queins, quens. Sax. civen, a wench — though 
 not primarily used in a reproachful sense. 
 
 A witch, a quran, an old cozening quean. 
 
 Shak. Mer. Wives of Windsor. 
 
 Queer, a quire of paper. Old Eng. quaire. Old Fr. quayer. 
 Quern, a hand mill. One of our oldest words. Su.-Got. 
 quern. Teut. querne. See Kern. 
 
 Wlieras they made him at the querne grind. 
 
 Cltauccr, Monkes Tale. 
 
 Skim milk ; and sometimes labour in the quern. 
 And bootless make the breathless housewife chum. 
 Shak. Mid. Nlghfs Dream. 
 
 Capell ridiculously supposed that quern here meant churn.
 
 170 QUIS 
 
 QuisEY, confounded, dejected. 
 
 QuORN, QuoAPV, corn. " The quorn's now getiin up, — varry 
 fast" 
 
 R. 
 
 Rabble, to speak in a confused manner. Teut. rabbelen, 
 
 blaterai'e. 
 Rabblement, a crowd, the mob. A very old word. 
 Rack, v. to care. " Never rack" — never care. V. Ray. 
 
 Cornish, rach, care. 
 Rack, s. a trace. Our great di-amatic poet, in a well-known 
 passage in the Tempest, says, " leave not a rach behind" ; 
 that is, not a trace — whatever the commentators may be 
 pleased to say to the contrary. 
 Rack, s. the clouds ; or rather the track in which they move. 
 Sax. rec, vapour. Archdeacon Nares is mistaken in think- 
 ing the word not now in use. 
 
 But, as we often see, against some storm, 
 A silence in the heavens, the rack stand still. 
 The bold winds speechless, and the orb below 
 As hush as death. Shak. Hamlet. 
 
 Rackless, thoughtless, cai'eless, improvident. Old Eng. 
 retchless, reckeless. Sax, recce-leas. 
 
 Raff, a low fellow. — Riff-raff, an alliterate term of reproach 
 — the rabble. Dan ripsraps, the dregs of the people. 
 
 Raff-merchant, a timber-merchant. i?a//-merchant. 
 
 Raffling, idle, worthless. " A raffling chap." 
 
 Rag, to rate, to reproach. Isl. raega, to accuse. — Bully- 
 Rag, the same. 
 
 Ragabash, low, idle people — such as are generally in rags. 
 Rubbish is used in the same sense. B»th may be said to 
 be synonjinous with ragamuffins.
 
 RAPE 171 
 
 Rageous, in a rage, in excessive pain, violent. 
 
 Rake, to cover, to gather together. To rake the Jin _ is to 
 
 supply it with coals, or to put it in such a condition that 
 
 it may continue burning all night, so as to be ready in the 
 
 morning — a common practice in many kitchens in the 
 
 North, where coals are plentiful. Shakspeare uses the 
 
 word in this sense, when, in King Lear, he makes Edgar 
 
 say. 
 
 Here, in the sands 
 
 Thee I'll rake up Act. IV. Sc. 6. 
 
 Ram, foetid, acrid, pungent. Isl. rammr, amarus. " A ram 
 smell" — " A ram taste." 
 
 Rame, to cry, to ask over and over again in a teazing man- 
 ner. Sax. hream, clamor. Su.-Got. raama, clamare. — 
 Raming, crjing ; especially as denoting reiteration of the 
 same sound." " What arc yah raming at yah little dirty 
 baggage ?" 
 
 Rame, or Rawm, to reach any thing awkwardly or greedilj', to 
 stretch after. Teut. racmcn, extendere, distendere. 
 
 Ramlin-lad, a tall fast growing youth, a hobhlety-hoy . 
 
 Rampadge, to prance about furiously, to make a great noise 
 or disturbance. 
 
 Ramshackle, Ramsheckle, to search narrowly, to ransack. — 
 Ranshackle is an old word for plunder. 
 
 Randy, s. a vulgar, brawling woman, a termagant. 
 
 Randy, a. boisterous, obstreperous, disorderly. 
 
 Rank, thick, or many things or people together. Sax. ranc. 
 
 Rannel-balk, a beam or bar across a chimney on which 
 boilers are hung. 
 
 Ranty, riotous, in high spirits, disorderly. — Rantv-tantv, 
 in gi'eat wrath, in a violent passion. 
 
 Rape, a rope. Moe.-Got. ra'ip. Sax. rnp.
 
 172 RAPI 
 
 Rapier-dance, nearly the same as the sword-dance of the 
 ancient Scandinavians, or as that described by Tacitus 
 among the Germans. See a full account of it, in Archaeo- 
 logia, vol. xvii. p. 1.55. 
 
 Rash, dry ; as rash-corn — corn so dr}' in the straw that it falls 
 out without handling. 
 
 Rasher, a rush. Sax. resce. — A rasher-caj), a rasher-ducket, 
 a rasher-ivhip ; articles made of rushes. 
 
 Rasps, both the bush and the fruit. 
 
 Ratch, a straight line of a navigable river ; as the Long Ratch, 
 in the Tyne. This word is politely, but impurely, pro- 
 nounced Reach, The keelmen generally say Rack. It is, 
 perhaps, properly Rack. 
 
 Rather To have rather is a conunon North coiuitry expres- 
 sion, when a preference is desired. See Dr. Johnson's 6th 
 sense of rather. The corruption may be thus traced. It 
 is customary to contract both / would and / had into Vd, 
 I had rather was probably first used as a false translation 
 for Fd rather, written for I would rather ; and when I had 
 rather was once received, to have rather followed of course. 
 
 Ratler, a great lie, an abominable falsehood. " That's a 
 7'atlcr." 
 
 Ratten, Ratton, a rat. Span, raton. 
 
 Rattle, to strike or chastise. " Aw'll rattle yor cannister." 
 Mere cant. 
 
 Rattlepate, Rattlescap, Rattlescaup, a giddy, thought- 
 less, volatile person. 
 
 Rauk, to mark with lines, to scratch. " Dont rank the table?" 
 I am told ratch is also used in the same sense. Q. Isl. 
 raska, frangere ? 
 
 Raav, a row of buildings, a sort of street. " Fether-Raw" — 
 " Shiney-Raw.^'' Sax. rcewa. Old Eng. rew.
 
 REEK I7:i 
 
 Rax, to stretch out, to enlarge, to reach. To rax oneself, is 
 to extend the limbs, after sleep or long sitting. Sax. 
 r<Bcean, porrigere. As applied to the weather, to rax out, 
 means to clear up. 
 Read, Rede, counsel, advice. Sax. reed. 
 Reap, a bundle of corn, parcels of which are laid by the rea- 
 pers to be gathered into sheaves, by the binders in harvest 
 time. Sax. ripa, ripe. 
 Reast, restiveness. — Reasty, restive, stubborn. Old Eng. 
 
 restie. " A reasty horse." 
 Reasty, rancid. Sax. rustian, to contract rust. 
 And then came haltyng Jone, 
 And brought a ganibone 
 Of bakon that was reasty. — Skdtou. 
 
 Reave, to take away, to bereave. Sax. renfian, to rob. 
 
 Reavel, or Raffle, to entangle, to knot confusedly together, 
 to ravel. " A reaveled hank" — a twisted skain. 
 
 Reckning, the score at a pubhc house. Reckoning. 
 
 Reckon, to suppose, to conjecture, to conclude. " I reckon 
 he'll come" — " I reckon I shall." 
 
 Red, to put in order, to clear, to disentangle. " To red up 
 the house." Su.-Got. reda, explicare. 
 
 Redding-comb, a comb for the haii\ 
 
 Reade, a calf's stomach, used for rennet. Teut. roode. 
 
 Reed, a. red. Sax. read. Reeder, redder. 
 
 Reek, v. to smoke. Sax. recan. — Reek, s. smoke. Sax. 
 rec. — Reek-penny, a modus paid to the clergy in many 
 parts of Northumberland and Durham for fire wood. Cal- 
 led also smoke-penny, and hearth-penny. See Tomlins' 
 Law Diet, smoke-silver. Reek is also a term for money. 
 
 Reeking-crook, a sort of crane or crook over the fire to sup- 
 port boilers exposed to the smoke.
 
 174 REET 
 
 Reet, right. Both as substantive and adjective. 
 
 Reet, s. a Wright, or carpenter. " A cart-reet" — " a mill-reet" 
 
 Sax. wryhta. 
 Reet, sane in mind. Ris,ht. — Not reet, not in the exercise 
 
 of sound reason. Not right. Germ, nickt reckt. 
 Reins, balks or portions of grass land in arable fields. 
 Rench, to rinse. Isl. hreinsa, to make clean. 
 Render, to separate, to melt down, to dissolve any thing fat 
 
 by the heat of the fire. V. Jam. rind ; and Wilb. render. 
 Renegate, a reprobate, a runagate ; applied to any unsteady 
 
 character. The old way of writing renegado. 
 
 A false knight, and a renegate. 
 
 Gower, de Confess. Amant. 
 
 Renty, well shaped ; spoken of horses or horned cattle. 
 
 Respectively, for respectfully. I had a correspondent — by 
 no means deficient in learning — who invariably subscribed 
 himself " yours respectively." He, perhaps, relied on the 
 authority of Shak. and Beaum. and Flet. 
 
 Rheumatiz, the rheumatism. Moor has rimmittis. 
 
 Rice, brushwood for the purpose of hedging. Isl. hrys. Su.- 
 Got. ris. Germ, reis, a twig. — Stake and rice, a sort of 
 wattled fence. " Eh ! what a dike ! what a stake and 
 rice he loupt." 
 
 Riddle, a coarse sieve with large interstices; much used 
 about farm-houses. Sax. hriddel. Welsh rhidyll. The 
 vulgar, in many parts, have an abominable practice of 
 using a riddle and a pair of shears m ^iviwAt\on. If they 
 have had any thing stolen from them, the riddle and shears 
 are sure to be resorted to. A similar mode of discovering 
 thieves, or others suspected of any crime, prevailed among 
 the Greeks. V. Potter, Gr. Antiq. vol. i. p. 352.
 
 RIM 175 
 
 Rife, abounding, common, prevalent. Sax. ryf. Dr. John- 
 son is mistaken in confining the use of this word to epi- 
 demical distempers ; and Archdeacon Nares (who points 
 out Ml-. Dibdin's very erroneous explanation) is equally in 
 error in thinking it obsolete. 
 
 There is a brief, how many sports are r\fe. 
 
 S/wk. Mid. Nigfifs Dream. 
 
 This reading occurs in most of the old editions — I be- 
 lieve in all but one. The modern editors, however, 
 without any sufficient reason, read ripe. 
 
 Rift, v. to belch. Dan. raever. — Rift, s. an eructation. 
 Dan. raeven. 
 
 Rift, v. to plough out grass land. Su.-Got. rifwa. 
 
 Rig, a wanton. — To run the big, to teize, to banter, to ridi- 
 cule. 
 
 Rig, a ridge, an eminence. Sax. hricg. Isl. hriggr. Su.- 
 Got. ri/gg. 
 
 Rig and Fur, ribbed ; as rig and fur'' d stockings. Ridge and 
 furrow. 
 
 RiGGELT, RiGGOT, an imperfect ram, or any other animal half 
 castrated. " A riggot-ram" — " a riggot-horse" — " a riggot- 
 bull." 
 
 RiGGiN, the ridge of a house. Sax. firicg, fastigium. — Rig- 
 GiN-TKEE, the beam along the roof. " See, he^s gettin Aim- 
 sel seated across the riggin tree^ 
 
 Rile, to render turbid, to vex, to disturb. 
 
 Rim, Belly-rim, the membrane inclosing the intestines. 
 " Mind dinna brmt yor belly-rim" — a caution among the 
 vulgar in Northumberland. 
 
 For I will fetch thy rim out at thy throat. 
 
 In drops of crimson blood. Shak. Hen. V.
 
 176 RINE 
 
 The original reading, says Nares, is tymme, which Capell, 
 judging from the main object of the speaker, boldly pro- 
 nounced to signify money ; others have wished to read 
 ri/no, but that term is probably not of such antiquity : and 
 the conjecture supposes the original word to be printed 
 ryni, which it is not. Pistol, with a very vague notion of 
 the anatomical meaning of rt/mme, seems to use it in a 
 general way for any part of the intestines ; his object be- 
 ing to terrify his prisoner. 
 
 RiNE, Frost-rixe, frozen dew, hoar frost. Sax. ren, rain. 
 
 Rip, a profligate — any thing base or worthless. " A riji of 
 a fellow" — " A rip of a horse." 
 
 Ripe, to search, to steal privately, to plunder. " She liped 
 my pockets" — " He riped the nest." Sax, hrypan, dis- 
 suere. 
 
 Ripple, to clean ; applied to flax. Su.-Got. repa lin, linuui 
 vellere. Teut. repen, stringere semen lini. 
 
 Rive, v. to devour. " What are you riving and eating in that 
 manner for?" 
 
 Rive, s. a rent or tear. Isl. ryf. The verb rive, to split, has 
 long been used in our language. 
 
 Robin, the popular name of the ruddock or red-breast. The 
 innocence, tameness, and its approach in a season when 
 its sustenance is precarious, may be the reason that this 
 bird is so much pitied and respected. The author of the 
 old ballad of The Children in the Wood, selected the red 
 breast as an object of sympathy, no doubt for the causes 
 here cited ; but I am informed that about Heworth, near 
 Newcastle, it is considered as a bii'd of bad omen. 
 
 RoGGLE, to shake, to jumble. 
 
 Roister, to behave turbulently, to make a great toise, to in- 
 dulge in jollity.
 
 ROUN 177 
 
 Roisterer, a turbulent, swaggering, and uncontroulable per- 
 son. Junius refers to Isl. hrisfer, a violent man ; but 
 I am inclined, with Dr. Jamieson, to look to Barb. Lat. 
 Rustarii, the same with Rutarii (old Fr. Routiers) — free- 
 booters who committed great devastation in France, in the 
 eleventh century. This name was given to the stipendi- 
 ary troops (perhaps some of the same sort of brigands) 
 employed by King John in his exterminating expedition 
 into the North — where the castles, towns, and villages 
 were given to the flames by that wicked and pusillanunous 
 monarch, and the miserable inhabitants abandoned to the 
 murderous cruelty of his rapacious followers, without re- 
 spect of age or sex, rank or profession. 
 
 Rook, Rouk, a mist, or fog. Teut. roock, vapor. — Rooky, 
 misty, damp. 
 
 Roop, or Roup, a hoarseness. Isl. hroop, vociferatio. Roopy, 
 hoarse. 
 
 Rooty, Rowty, coarse, or over rank ; said of grass or corn 
 when in that state. Old. Eng. rot/tlsh, wild, irregular. 
 
 RosEL, to heat, to roast, to bask over a fire. " To rosel 
 one's shins." " To i-osel the nose." — Roselled, decayed ; 
 as a roselled apple. 
 
 RossEL, rosin. " Rosxel and Pick." 
 
 Roux-TREE, or Rowan-tree, the mountain ash, or ivitch-ivood 
 — a tree of high consideration in the North, and considered 
 by the superstitious peasantry of wonderful efficacy in de- 
 priving witches of their infernal power. This notion has 
 been handed down from early antiquity — perhaps from the 
 Druids. Skinner is uncertain whether the tree may not 
 have received its name from the colour called roan ; but, 
 as observed by Dr. Jamieson, the term is Gothic — Su.- 
 Got. ronii, runn, sorbus aucuparia. Dan. ronne. Ihrc
 
 178 ROUT 
 
 conjectui-es, with great probability, that the etymon may 
 be from rima, incantation, because of the use made of it 
 in magical arts. 
 
 In my plinne is seen the holly green. 
 
 With the leaves of rowan tree. 
 And my casque of sand, by a mermaid's hand. 
 
 Was formed beneath the sea — The Court of Kecldar. 
 
 Rout, or Rowt, to make a bellowing noise. Isl. rauta. — 
 Routing, or Rowting, the bellowing of an ox. V. Wilb. 
 Tute. 
 
 RowLEY-PowLEY, a game at fairs and races. 
 
 RoYAL-OAK-DAY (the 2t)th of May), the restoration of King 
 Charles II. ; in coannemoration of which it is customary for 
 the common people, in many parts of the North, to wear oak 
 leaves in theh hats, and to place them on their horses' 
 heads. Formerly, in Newcastle, 
 
 When civil dudgeon first grew high. 
 
 And men fell out they knew not why — Hudihras. 
 
 the boys had a taunting rhyme, with which they used to 
 insult such persons as were not decorated with this remem- 
 brance of the facetious monarch ; 
 
 " Royal oak, 
 
 " The whigs to provoke." 
 It was not, however, to be expected that this sarcastic 
 ebullition of party-spu'it should escape the retort courteous. 
 The contemptuous reply was, 
 
 " Plane-tree leaves ; 
 
 " The church-tblk are thieves." 
 
 Ruck, a fold, or crease in cloth. V. Tooke, 
 
 RuD, ruddle for marking sheep. Sax. rudu, rubor. Set Keel. 
 
 RuDDiLY, readily. " He cam varry ruddilyP
 
 RUTT 179 
 
 Ri'E, or Rew, to repent. Sax. fireowian. — Rve-bargain, a 
 bargain repented of, something given to be off an agree- 
 ment. 
 
 Rug, to pull ronghly. Tent, rnckcn, dctrahere. — Rugging and 
 Riving, pulling and tearing. 
 
 Rum, a common North country word for any thing odd or 
 queer — a comical person, for instance, being called a mm 
 stick. May not Dr. Johnson's ruvi jyarsonhe what is called 
 a hackney parson, and come from Germ, rum, which is 
 from herum, about, as herum laiifer is a vagabond ? Henim 
 parson or rum parson may, therefore, be a vagabond parson. 
 
 Rum-gumptious, forward and pompous. T. Crav. Gloss. 
 
 RuMBUSTiCAL, fudc, noisy, overbearing. 
 
 Ruinated, reduced to ruin, ruinous. Pegge erroneously con- 
 sidered this word as peculiar to Londoners. 
 
 RuLE-o'-THUMB, no rulc at all — guess work. 
 
 Rung, a spoke, the step or round of a ladder. Moe.-Got, 
 hrung, virga. It is also a name for a cudgel. 
 
 Runnel, pollard wood. Perhaps from running up apace. 
 
 Runt, a Scotcli ox — also a jocular designation for a person of 
 a strong though low stature. " A runt of a fellow." — 
 Germ, rind, an ox or cow ; hut fgurativcli/, a dull-pated, 
 stupid fellow. 
 
 Rush-bearing, a riu'al feast or wake, now become nearly ob- 
 solete. Sec Crav. Gloss, and Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. i. 
 p. 436. 
 
 Ruttling, a noise occasioned by a difficulty in breathing. — 
 Teat, rotelen, murmm-are. The dead rutllc, a particular 
 kind of noise made in respiring by a person in the extre- 
 mity of sickness, is still considered in the North as an omen 
 of death. Levinus Lemnius (Occult Miracles of Nature, 
 lib. ii. ch. 15.) is ver}- learned on this subject.
 
 180 RUZE 
 
 RuzE, to extol, to boast, to magnify in niirration. Isl. rmisa, 
 multa efFutire. Cornish, ros, bragging. Hence, perhaps, 
 roozcr a great untruth. 
 
 S 
 
 Sackless, simple, weak, helpless, innocent. Dr. Willan con- 
 siders that this epithet must have originated after the in- 
 troduction of the favourite beverage, sack and sugar ; but 
 the word may evidently be traced to Sax. saclcas, quietus. 
 Isl. saklaus, innocens. 
 
 Sad, heavy ; particularly applied to bread when the yeast has 
 had no effect. 
 
 Safe, a. sure, certain. " He's safe to be hanged." 
 
 Safe, s. a place of security. " An iron safe." 
 
 Saim, Same, hog's-fat, goose-grease. Welsh, suim, grease. — 
 Fr. sa'm-doiuv, lard. Shakspeare and other writers use 
 scnm. 
 
 Saint Cuthbert's Duck, the eider duck ; or great black 
 and white duck. Anas mollusima. — Linnaeus. These birds 
 are found on the largest of the Fern Islands on the 
 Northumberland coast, which is the only place in Eng- 
 land where they are known to breed. The feathers are 
 remarkably soft and of great value. The popular name is 
 obviously connected with the celebrated Saint Cuthbert j 
 who, regardless of all earthly pomp and vanity, resigned 
 an episcopal, for an hermitical life — retiring to this desert 
 isle, where he died. 
 
 Saint Swithin's Day (the 15th of July). The old superstition 
 that if it rain on this day, not one of the next forty 
 will be wholly without, is not yet eradicated. V. Brand's 
 Pop. Antiq. vol. i. p. 2/1, and Nares' Gloss. 
 
 Sairv, poor, pitiable, helpless. Sax. sari, sarig.
 
 SAUC 181 
 
 Sally, to move or run from side to side ; as is customary with 
 
 the persons on board of a ship after she is launched. 
 Samcast, two ridges ploughed together. Diu: Referrible 
 
 to Germ, sammeln, to gather, ziisammcn, together. 
 Sabipleth, a sampler. V. Suff. Words. The author is mis- 
 taken in thinking them not still worked. 
 Saxdgate-City, a burlesque name for Sandgate, Newcastle ; 
 a place of great antiquity, but described by a local poet as 
 
 The devil's besom sure, 
 
 "With which ofl times he sweeps the floor ; 
 The air's with glass-house smoke infected, 
 Coniusion of all kinds collected. 
 
 Sandgate-rattle, a peculiar step in vulgar dancing, consist- 
 ing of a violent and very quick beating of the toes on the 
 floor. 
 
 Sandgate-ring, a particular mode of lighting a tobacco pipe. 
 
 Sang, a song. Pure Saxon. 
 
 Sang ! My Sangs ! frequent exclamations, sometimes equiva- 
 lent to indeed, but generally implying a threat. " My 
 sa7igs I but aw tvill gee i/ it." 
 
 Sapscull, a foolish fellow, a blockhead. 
 
 Sare, sore, painful. Sax. sar. Su.-Got. saar. 
 
 Sare, very much, greatly. Germ. sehr. " It's sare worn." 
 " He's sare afflicted." 
 
 Sark, a shirt. Sax. syrc. Su.-Got. stsi-k. V. Jam. 
 
 Sarjient, a sermon. " We^d a good sarment the day" 
 
 Sartin, sure, positive. — Sartinly, certainly. 
 
 Sattle, to settle. This vulgar pronunciation is conformable 
 to the Saxon origin of the word. Peirs Ploughman uses 
 sahtle. 
 
 Sauce, insolence of speech, impertinence. Sauciness. " Don't 
 set up yor sauce to me "
 
 182 SALC 
 
 Saucer-eyed, having a large, full eye. 
 
 Saugh, Saff, the sallow ; a species of" willow. Fr. saule. 
 
 Saul, the soul. Pure Saxon ; and the ancient mode of writ- 
 ing the word. 
 
 Saul, the solid substance in the inside of a covered button. 
 Fr. saoul, soiil,a filhng. 
 
 Saut, Sote, salt. Sax. sentt. In the pronunciation of many 
 of the provincial dialects of the North, the sound of the I 
 is omitted. 
 
 Savelick, an excrescence from the brier, placed by boys in 
 their coat cuffs, as a charm, to prevent a flogging. 
 
 Saw, to sow. Moe.-Got. saian. Sax. saivan. Su.-Got. saa. 
 Germ, s'deii. 
 
 Say, authority, influence, sway. " She has all the 5m/." 
 
 ScABY, ScAiJiE, shabb}', mean. " A scahy fellow." 
 
 Scad, to scald. — Scadding of Peas, a custom in the North 
 of boiling the common grey peas in the pods, in a green 
 state, and eating them with butter and salt. The company 
 often pelt each other with the siuads. It is sometimes 
 called, in consequence, peas and sport. 
 
 Scale, to spread, to disperse. V. Jam. skaU. 
 
 I shall tell you 
 
 A pretty tale ; it may be, you have heard it ; 
 
 But, since it serves my purpose, I will venture 
 
 To scaled a little more. 
 
 Shale. Coriolanus. 
 
 Nearly all the commentators have mistaken the meaning 
 of to icalet. I am quite satisfied that it was the author's 
 intention to have the tale spread or diffused a little more, 
 though some of the hearers might have heard it. If Arch- 
 deacon Nares will " weigh as in scales, to estimate aright," 
 Ml-. Lambe's observations on this passage, and on the
 
 scow 183 
 
 means of acquiring a competent knowledge of tlie old En- 
 glish tongue (Notes on the Battle of Floddon), I enter- 
 tain a hope that the learned author of the elaborate and 
 valuable Glossary may not be indisposed to alter, in more 
 respects than one, the article To Scale, in a future 
 edition. 
 
 Scale-land, to lircak up clots of manure, and to spread them 
 and other loose materials about the field. 
 
 Scale-dish, a thin dish for skunming milk. 
 
 ScALLioNS, a punishment among boys. To catch the scallion 
 tails, is to get a good drubbing. 
 
 ScAMr, a mean rascal, a fellow devoid of honour or principle. 
 
 Scamper, to run off. Fr. cscanijjcr, Ital. scamjyare. Teut. 
 schampen, to slip aside. 
 
 ScANTisH, scarce. — Scan tly, scarcely. 
 
 Scape-grace, a term of reproach — a graceless fellow. 
 
 Scar, a bare and broken place on the side of a mountain, or 
 in the high bank of a river. Su.-Got. skcer, rupes. 
 
 ScARN, Sharn, cow-dung. See Cow-sharen. 
 
 Scathe, loss, spoil, damage. Pure Saxon. Used by Chau- 
 cer, Spenser, and Shakspeare. 
 
 Scatter-brained, light-headed. " A Scatter-brain^ d body" 
 
 Sconce, a seat at one side of the fire-place in the old large 
 open chunney — a short partition near the fire upon which 
 all the bright utensils in a cottage are suspended. 
 
 Sconce, a beating about the head — sometimes the head itself. 
 
 Scooter, a sj'ringe. See Swirt. 
 
 Scotch Mist, a small soaking rain — such, however, as wUl 
 wet an Englishvian to the skin. 
 
 Scout, a high rock. V. Todd's John. 
 
 ScowDER, to mismanage any thing in cooking, to scorch it. 
 Grose has scourder^d, overheated with working ; perhaps 
 only a figurative sense of the word. V. Jam.
 
 184 SCRA 
 
 ScRAB, a crab apple, — Scrab-tree, the crab-tree. 
 ScRAFFLE, V. to scramble, to climb up. — Scraffle, .?. a 
 scramble. 
 Wey hinny, says aw, weVs a Shot-Tower see hee, 
 
 That biv it ye might scraffle to Heaven ; 
 And if on Saint Nicholas ye once cus an ee, 
 Ye'd crack on't as lang as ye're livin. 
 
 Song, Canny Newcasscl. 
 
 Scraffle, to be industrious, to struggle. — Scraffling, work- 
 ing hard to obtain a livelihood. 
 
 ScRANCH, to grind any hard or crackling substance between 
 the teeth. Dr. John, says, the Scotch retain it ; so do 
 the people in the north of England. 
 
 ScRANCHUM, thin squares of brittle spice, or gingerbread. 
 
 ScRAT, ScRAUT, V. to scratch. An old word. — Scrat, s. the 
 itch. 
 
 Scrat, an hermapin-odite. V. Todd's John. 
 
 Scribe, to write. Lat. sciibere. — Scribe of a pen, a line by 
 way of letter. 
 
 Scrimp, v. to spare, to scant. Teut. kiimjicn, contrahere.— 
 Scrimp, a. short, scanty, little. 
 
 ScROG, a stunted bush or shrub. Sax. scrob, frutex. — Scrog- 
 GY, full of stunted bushes, thorns, &c. 
 
 Scrudge, v. to crowd thickly together, to squeeze. — Scrudge, 
 s. a crowd, a squeeze. On the laying of the foundation- 
 stone of the new library of the Literary and Philosophical 
 Society, by the Duke of Sussex, in 1822, there was the 
 greatest scrudge ever remembered in Newcastle. 
 
 ScRUNTy, short, meagre, stunted. Su.-Got. skriu, dried. 
 Dan. skranten, infirm. 
 
 ScL'DDiCK, the lowest measure oi" value. " Not wortli a scud- 
 d'lcky Probably from scudo.
 
 SEGG 18a 
 
 Scuff, OR Cuff, the hinder part of the neck. F. Wilb. Al- 
 so a thump. " A cuffo' the neck." 
 ScuMFisH, to smother, to suffocate. Wood embers, the snuf- 
 fing of a candle, sulphur, &c. have scumjishing effluvia in 
 close rooms. Ital. sconfiggere, to discomfit. 
 Sear, s. autumn — the tune of the drying and withering of 
 leaves. Sax. searian, to nip, or dry. — Sear, a. dry ; op- 
 posed to green. 
 
 I have liv'd long enough : ray -,vaij of life 
 Is fall'n into the sear, the yellow leaf. 
 
 Shalt. Macbeth. 
 
 Dr. Johnson and some other of the commentators on 
 Shakspeare object to way of life, and wish to substitue 
 May ; but I must confess that I am not convinced by 
 their arguments. 
 
 Seaves, rushes. — Seavy-ground, such as is overgrown with 
 rushes. 
 
 Seck, a sack. " A seek of flour." " A seek of saw-dust." 
 
 Secket, a term of contempt to a child. 
 
 See-saw, the same as hikey-hoard. See Hjicey. 
 
 Seea, so. — Seeabetide, if so be. 
 
 Seed, saw. Universal among the vulgai*. " Aiv seed it." 
 
 Seeing-glass, a mirror, a /oo/tiHg-glass. 
 
 Seek, Seak, sick. Sax. seoc. Chaucer uses seke. 
 
 Seer, several, divers. Su.-Got. saer, an adverb denoting se- 
 paration. 
 
 Seer, sure. " Aw seer aw was smart." 
 
 Seestah, Sisto, seest thou. " Seestah what thoiCs diiin." 
 
 Segg, a bull castrated when full grown. 
 
 Segging, the heavy laborious walking of a corpulent man. 
 " Wliat a segging gait he has." 
 a a
 
 186 SELL 
 
 Sell, self, in compounds of wysell, hksell^yo^irseU. Plural 
 sells, selves. 
 
 They dig out fro' the dells, 
 For their bairn's bread, wives, and sells. 
 
 *' Ben. Jan. 
 
 Semant, Semmant, slender, weak. 
 
 Semple, a person of low birth ; opposed to gentle. " Both 
 gentle and semple were there." 
 
 Sen, Syne, since. — Sen-sYxVe, since then. " Its lang st/nr, 
 sen he left us." , 
 
 Seng, shelter. " Under the seng of a hedge," 
 
 Sess-pool, an excavation in the ground for receiving foul 
 water. — Diir. I do not find this word in any Dictionary. 
 Sus~pool is used in this sense, by Forster on Atmospheric 
 Phcenomena. Perhaps from sous-pool, or pool below the 
 smface. 
 
 Set, to propel, to push forward ; as setting a keel. 
 
 Set, to accompany. Used in a common expression — " Set 
 me a bit on the road." Bit, however, is not more misap- 
 plied in the North than it is in some parts of the South. 
 
 Set-too, an argument, a contest, a warm debate. " A fair 
 set-too." 
 
 Setten-on, short in growth, ill thriven ; also applied to 
 milk burnt in the pan. 
 
 Seugh, a wet ditch ; such as that out of which the contents 
 of a sod dike have been cut — any watery or boggy place. 
 V. Jam. seuch. 
 
 SiiAB-OFF, Shab-away, to sueak away. Dur. Germ, schaben, 
 to scrape oiF; and by some gradations of meaning used 
 with the preposition and in the imperative mood, schab ab, 
 sneak awaj'.
 
 SHAP 187 
 
 Shab-rag, a mean person. — Shag-rag, is the same. 
 
 Shack, to shake out or shedj as corn at harvest. — Shak- 
 
 FORF, a hay fork. 
 Shackle, an iron loop moving on a bolt. Teut. schacchel. 
 Shackle, the wrist. Sc. shacJcle-ViWE, 
 
 Shaffle, to move with an awkward or irregular gait ; to hob- 
 ble. " A shnffling body." 
 Shag-hat, a hat made very long in the down ; nmch worn by 
 pitmen and keelmen. 
 
 JVIaw good shag hat ne mairawl wave his canny 
 feyce to see. 
 
 Song, Lament, on the Death of Capt. Starklq. 
 
 Shale, alum ore — any other black slaty substance. 
 Shally-wally, a sign of contempt. 
 
 Sham-a-sterxe, a vulgar phrase, equivalent to not one. This 
 may serve to explain an obsciu-e passage in the fine old 
 heroic ballad of Chevy Chase, Fit. 2. - ' 
 
 Thorowe ryche male, and myne-ye-ple 
 Maliy stcrnc the stroke down streght. 
 
 Which may be read — they struck down straight many a one, 
 
 through rich coat of mail, and many folds. 
 Shandy, wild, frolicksome. V. Suff. Words, .s^«wrt?/. 
 Shangie, or Culley-Shangy, a row, a tumult, a riot. 
 Shank, the projecting point of a hill. 
 Shanks, the legs. — Shankey's Naegie, on foot. 
 
 And ay until the day he died, 
 
 * He rade on good shanks vagij. 
 
 * Jtitson, ScotcJi Songs. 
 
 Shanty, gay, showy. Perhaps, as suggested by Oil'. Todd, a 
 
 corruption oijanty. 
 Shap, Shape, to begin, to set about any thing. V. Wilis. 
 
 " He shaps well."
 
 188 SHAR 
 
 Shard, a broken piece of any brittle or fragile substance. 
 Sax. sceard, fragmen. Within my recollection, many of 
 the common people, in the lower parts of Newcastle, used 
 to resort to the Quayside and other places, where they 
 gathered up coals with the half of a wooden dish, called a 
 shard, I have been told that it was not unusual for two 
 of them to purchase a new dish, and split it for the pur- 
 pose of making these shards. Shard is also a North 
 country word for the shell or hard outward covering of 
 the tribe of insects denominated Coleoptera. 
 
 Oflen, to our comfort, shall we find 
 The sharded beetle in a safer hold 
 Than is the fuU-wing'd eagle. 
 
 Shak. Cynibcline. 
 
 Ere, to black Hecate's summons, 
 The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, 
 Hath rung night's yawning peal, there shall be done 
 A deed of dreadful note. Shak. Macbeth. 
 
 These expressions of our dramatist — sharded beetle, and 
 shard-borne beetle — are as correct as they are poetical. 
 Dr. Johnson's ignorance of the latter meaning of the word 
 completely misled him in his interpretation. His error, 
 however, is not overlooked by the learned and indefati- 
 gable Mr. Todd. 
 
 Sharp, quick, active, " Be sharp" — make all haste. 
 
 Sharps, coarse ground flour with a portion of bran. 
 
 Shaw, a small shady wood in a vallej'. Sax. scua. Teut. 
 schawe, umbra. Used by Gower and Chaucer ; and still 
 common in many parts of England. 
 
 Shay, or Po-shay, a post chaise. — Shay-drivers, the post 
 boys.
 
 SHIN 189 
 
 Shear, to reap, or cut corn with tlie sickle. Su.-Got. skaera. 
 Shear is not, provincially, applied to sheep. A sheep 
 shearing is a clipping. — Shearers, the harvest reapers. 
 
 Shed, to put aside, to disperse, to make way. 
 
 Sheeley, Sheel-apple, or Shell-apple, the chaffinch. — 
 FringiUa ccelebs. Linnaeus. 
 
 Sheeting, applied to the slope or waterfall of a mill-dani. 
 
 Sheld, party coloured, flecked or speckled. 
 
 Shem, shame. — Shem-fu, shameful. " Its a shem, and a holy 
 bizon." See BizoN. 
 
 Sheth, a portion of a field, which is generally divided so as 
 to di-ain oft" the water by the direction of the ploughings, 
 called sheths. 
 
 Shiel, Shieling, originally a temporary hut or cabin for 
 those who had the care of sheep on the moors, in which 
 they resided diuing the summer months ; but afterwards 
 applied to fixed habitations. Isl. skiul. Su.-Got. skale. 
 
 No more shall ruthless flames devour 
 The trembling shepherd's lowly skid. 
 
 Nor fiei"ce moss-ti-oopers burst the door 
 That strongly bars the shelt'ring peel. 
 
 Roxhy, Rcedu-ater Mhistrel. 
 
 Shift, to remove from one dwelling to another. — Shifting, 
 the removal of the furniture. 
 
 Shill, to separate, to shell. " Shilling oats or barleij" — tak- 
 ing oft' the hulls. " Shilling jieas'^ — cleaning them of their 
 swads. 
 
 Shilly-shally, hesitating, irresolute. Probably a corrupt 
 reduplication of shall I. 
 
 SniMWER or Skimmer, to shine, to glitter. Germ, schimmer, a 
 dim or faint glare. 
 
 Shine, a row, a disturbance, mischief. " To Idck up a shine."
 
 190 SHIN 
 
 SiiiNNEY, a stick crooked or rounded at the end, with which 
 to strike a small wooden ball or coit, in the game called 
 Shbiney, or Shinney-haw, played in the Northern counties. 
 
 See DODDART. 
 
 Shippen, a cow-house ; originally, perhaps, a sheep-pen. Sax. 
 scypcn, stabulum. 
 
 Shirl, Snum-, to slide ; as on the ice. 
 
 Shittletidee, a vulgar expression of disbelief or disapproba- 
 tion. 
 
 Shive, a slice ; as of bread or cheese. Old Eng. sheeve. — 
 Dut. schi/f. 
 
 SiiOE-THE-cOBBLER, a qiiick and peculiar movement with the 
 fore foot when sliding on the ice. 
 
 SiiOGGLE, to shake, to joggle. Shog is an old word. 
 
 Shoo, Shue, to scare birds, to drive away fowls. Germ. 
 scheiichen, to frighten. 
 
 Shoox, Shun, the plural of shoe. Sax. sceon. Teut. schoen. 
 
 Spare none but such as go in clouted sJwon, 
 
 For they are thrifty honest men — Sliak. Hen. VI. 
 
 Shot, the score or reckoning at a public-house. V. Nares' 
 Gloss, shot-clog. 
 
 Shot-of, freed from. To get shot of a person — to get rid of 
 him. 
 
 Shrew, a field mouse. A vulgar superstition once prevailed 
 that this poor creature was of so baneful and venomous a 
 nature that whenever it crept over a horse, cow, or sheep, 
 the animal so touched became afflicted with cruel anguish, 
 and threatened with the loss of the use of its limbs. To 
 repel this imaginary evil, it was customary to close up the 
 shrew alive in a hole bored in an ash tree. Since this 
 was written, an intelligent friend has reminded me of an
 
 SIKE 191 
 
 old notion, that the supposed malignity of this mouse is 
 the origin o? shrew, a vixen; in regard to which much dif- 
 ference of opinion exists among etymologists. But whether 
 it be so or not, I feel myself incompetent to decide ; 
 though, from what is stated in Todd's Johnson, I strongl} 
 incline to the opinion entertained by the learned editor. — 
 The matter, however, is becoming less important ; as, to 
 the honoui" of the females of the present day, we seldom 
 encounter " a peevish, malignant, clamorous, spiteful, 
 vexatious, turbulent woman," the characteristicks of a 
 shrew. 
 
 Shuffle and Cut, a superior step in vulgar dancing. 
 
 Shuggy-shew, a swing — a long rope fastened at each end, 
 and thrown over a beam ; on which young persons seat 
 themselves, and are swung backwards and forwards in the 
 manner of a pendulum. See Bewick's ^sop, p. 4. where 
 his Satanic Majesty is amusing himself in this manner. 
 
 Shull, or Shuil, a spade or shovel. Dut. school. V. SufF. 
 Words, shawl. 
 
 Shull-bone, the shovdder bone. 
 
 Side, to decide, to settle ; as well as to coincide, to agree. 
 
 SiDJE, a. long, wide, large. Pure Saxon. 
 
 Cloth of gold, and cuts, and laced with silver ; set 
 with pearls, down sleeves, «if?t' sleeves, and skirts 
 ' round. ShaJi-. Much Ado about Nothing. 
 
 Side-up, to put in order. " Side up the house." 
 
 Sidle, to saunter, to take an oblique direction. 
 
 SiK, SiKE, such. — SiK-LiKE, SiKE-LiKE, such like. Spenser 
 
 uses sike. 
 SiKERLY, or SiCKERLY, surely. Sicker \s used by Chaucer and 
 
 Spenser.
 
 192 SIKE 
 
 SiKE, Syke, a streamlet of water, the smallest kind of natural 
 
 runner. Sux. sic, lacuna. 
 Su.E, V. to stiain, to purify milk through a straining dish. — 
 
 Su.-Got. sila, colare. — Silf, .v. a fine sieve or milk strainer. 
 
 Su.-Got. id, colum. 
 Sills, strata of minerals. It also means, in some places, the 
 
 shafts of a waggon ; the same as thills. 
 SiND, to wash out, to rince — also to dilute ; io sind it down, 
 
 being to take a drink after meat. 
 Sine, to percolate. Dur. Fr. saigner, to bleed, to drain or 
 
 let out water. 
 SiNGiN, or SiNGiNG-HiNNY, a kneaded spice cake, baked on the 
 
 girdle ; indispensable in a pitman's family. 
 
 Ah hinnies ! about us the lasses did lowp, 
 Thick as cur'ns in a spice shigiu hhtnle. 
 
 Song, Cavny Newcnssel. 
 
 Crosshi the road, aw met wi' Bobby Swinney. — 
 Hing on the girdle, let's hev a slnghi hinny. 
 
 Song, Man; Canny Hhwy. 
 
 j\Iy Grandy lik'd spice siiigln himiks. 
 Maw comely : aw like thou as week 
 
 Song, The Pitmati's Courtship. 
 
 SiNGLiN, a handful of gleaned corn — a single gleaning. This 
 word is doubtless the same as the Cheshire songoiv, songal, 
 so ably illustrated by Mr. Wilbraham in his Glossary. In 
 a MS. addition to a copy of that interesting work, presented 
 to me by the author, reference is made to Hyde, dc Reli- 
 gionc Persarum, for the ancient use of songall. 
 
 SiPF, to leak, to ooze or drain out slowly through a small cre- 
 vice. Teut. sijpeti. — Sipinus, oozingsi, the diaiuings of a 
 vessel.
 
 SKIP 193 
 
 SiRPLE, to sip often ; nearly allied to tippling. Sw. sorpla. 
 Site, Seet, a great deal, many. V. Suft". Words, sight. 
 SiXES-AND-SEVENS, in a state of confusion, in disorder. V. 
 
 Todd's John, and Nares' Gloss, six and seven. 
 Skeel, a cylindrical wooden vessel for carrying milk or water, 
 
 with an upright handle in place of a bow. Isl. skiola, a 
 
 milk-pail. 
 Skelly, v. to squint. Isl. skaela. Germ, schielen. — Skelly, 
 
 s. a squinting look. Sax. sceoleage. 
 Skelp, v. to slap or beat with the open hand ; particularly on 
 
 the breech or the cheek. Isl. skelfa, to strike. Skelp 
 
 also means to move rapidly. 
 Skelp, Skelper, s. a smart blow, or stroke. — Skelping, a 
 
 hearty beating. 
 Skelper, any thing very large. Poomer is the same. 
 Skep, a basket made of rushes. A bee-skcp, a bee-hive of 
 
 straw. Gael, sgeip. 
 Sker, to slide swiftly, to skate. Su.-Got. skiuta. 
 Skew, to go aside, to walk obliquely — to throw violently — 
 
 to squint. 
 Skew-the-dew, Shaw-the-dew, a splayfooted person. 
 Skill, to know. Isl. skilia, intelligere. Not obsolete as 
 
 stated in Todd's John. 
 Skime, to look asquint. Sken has the same meaning. See 
 
 Skelly. 
 Skin-flint, a niggardly close-fisted person — one so parsimo- 
 niously mean that he would perform that operation, were 
 
 it possible. 
 Skip-jack, the merry-thought bone of a goose. V. Suff. 
 
 Words. 
 Skipper, the captain of a keel or coal barge. Sax. sciper, nau- 
 
 ta. Dut. schippcr, a shipmaster. 
 Bb
 
 194 SKIR 
 
 Skirl, to cry excessively, to pierce tiie aii- with a shrill voice. 
 Isl. skralla. — Skirl, a loud and incessant shriek — a con- 
 tinuation of childish rage and grief. Isl. skrall. Dan. 
 skraal, an outcry. 
 
 Skit, to throw reflections on, to banter. Sax. scitan, to cast 
 forth. 
 
 Skitter, liquidum excrementum jaculare. Hence this vulgar 
 name for a dituThoea. Isl. skvctta. 
 
 Skogger, the leg of an old stocking, applied to keep snow 
 out of shoes. See Hoggers. 
 
 Skreenge, or Skringe, to squeeze violently. 
 
 Skrike, to shriek. Dan, skrige. Su.-Got. skrika, vociferari. 
 
 Skug, v. to hide, to screen. Su.-Got. skyggn, obumbrare. — 
 Skug, s. a sheltered place. Isl. skuggi, umbra. 
 
 Skurrv, haste, impetuosity. " What a hiirry-skurry." Fr. 
 escurer, to scom\ 
 
 Slab, or Slap-dash, a cheap mode of colouring rooms, in 
 imitation of paper. 
 
 Slabby, diity and damp. Teut. slabberen, to slabber. 
 
 Slack, an opening between two hills, a valley or small shallow 
 dell. Su.-Got. slak. 
 
 Slack, a long pool in a streamy river. 
 
 Slade, a breadth of green sward in ploughed land, or in plan- 
 tations. 
 
 Sladdery, wet and diity. " Sladdery walking." Isl. sladda, 
 squalide grassai'i. 
 
 Slain, blighted ; as slain corn. 
 
 Slaistering, doing any thing in an awkward, untidy manner. 
 V. Hire, slask. 
 
 Slake, v. to smeai', to wet, to bedaub. Isl. sloka, delutare. 
 
 Slake, s. an accumulation of mud or slime in a river. Jarroiv 
 Slake, on the Tyne. Su.-Got. slak, laxus ; as being soft 
 and flaccid ; or Teut. dijck, coenimi, lutum.
 
 SLEU 195 
 
 Slam, to beat, to cufF, to push violently. 
 
 Slants, slj- jokes, or petty lies. " He slants a good deal" — 
 he is given to lying. V. Nares' Gloss, slent. 
 
 Slape, slippery, smooth. 
 
 Slasiiy, wet and dirty. Sw. slask, wet. 
 
 Slatter, to pour awkwardly, to slop, to spill. Hence slattern. 
 
 Sla\t:ring, Slavvering, foaming, talking fast, or unintel- 
 ligibly. 
 
 Sleck, to cool in water. Hence sleek-trough, the trough 
 containing the water in which smiths cool their iron and 
 temper steel. 
 
 Sleck, or Slocken, to quench thu-st. Isl. slaecla. 
 
 Slee, sly, cunning. Chaucer uses slie, sUgh. 
 
 Sleeveless, unsuccessful, unprofitable. See Dr. Johnson's 
 2d sense. It is often pronounced in Northumberland 
 Threeveless, probably from f/irivcless or thriftless. 
 
 Sleuth, or Sleuth-hound, the northern name for the blood- 
 hound. These animals were held in great estimation by 
 oiu- ancestors ; pai'ticulai'ly on the borders, where a tax 
 was levied for maintaining them. Their scent was so re- 
 markably fine, that they could follow, with great certainty, 
 the human footsteps to a considerable distance. Many 
 of them were, in consequence, kept in certain districts for 
 the purpose of tracing thieves and murderers through their 
 
 secret recesses. 
 
 Upon the banks 
 
 Of Tweed, slow winding through the vale, the seat 
 Of war and rapine once, ere Britons knew 
 
 The sweets of peace 
 
 s » • » » « 
 
 There dwelt a pilfering race; well train'd and skill'd 
 In all the mysteries of theft, the spoil 
 Their only substance, feuds and war their sport. 
 
 SomcrvUc, Chasr, Book I.
 
 196 SLID 
 
 The poet afterwards beautifully describes the mode of [lur- 
 suing these arch felons by this sagacious dog; but the 
 passage is too long for quotation here, and ought not to be 
 abridged. See more, relative to the blood-hound, in Scot/, 
 Lai/ of the Last Minstrel, note 1 6, Canto L 
 
 Sliddering, sliding, slipping. — Sliddery, slippery. 
 
 SuNGE, to go creepingly away as if ashamed, to sneak. Sax. 
 slincan, to creep. Hence slink, a sneak — applied to any 
 disreputable person. 
 
 Slip, a child's ^ji««/b/c — also a quantity of yarn. 
 
 Slippy, slippery. Not an abbreviation, as Mr. WUbraham 
 supposes, but a pure Saxon word ; and, as shewn by Mr, 
 Todd, of old English usage ; notwithstanding which the 
 great lexicographer chai'acterized it as a barbarous jnovin- 
 cial term, from sli}} ! 
 
 Slir, Sllr, to slip, to slide. Slither is also to slide. Chau- 
 cer uses slider. 
 
 Sliver, v. to cut off a slice, to tear away a part. 
 
 She that herself will stiver and disbranch. 
 
 Shalv. King Lear. 
 
 Pope altered this to shiver, for which the Monthly Re- 
 viewers wished to substitute sever. 
 Sliver, s. a slice. The word, in the sense of a branch torn 
 
 off, occurs in Hamlet. 
 Slocken, to slake, to quench. Su.-Got. slaclcna, extinguere. 
 Slogan, the war cry or gathering word of a border clan. Still, 
 traditionally, remembered in Northumberland, 
 
 But ah, the slogaii's fatal bray. 
 
 The plundering raid, the war's alarms, 
 
 Compell'd him fi'om his love away. 
 And tore him from his Mary's arms. 
 
 Roxhy, Rcedieatcr Minstrel.
 
 SMAS 197 
 
 Sloggering, loose, untidy. " His stockings are shsgei^hig 
 
 down." 
 Sloppy, loose, wide. Sax. slopcn, laxus. 
 Slorp, to make a noise when supping with a spoon, to swal- 
 low ungracefully. Teut. s/ot-jje, a glutton. 
 Slot, v. to fasten by a bolt. " Slni the door." 
 Slot, s. a small bolt or sliding bar. Teut. slot, sera. 
 Sludderment, or Sli therment, wet, dirt, mire. 
 Slump, to slip or fall into a wet or dirty place. 
 Slush, any thing plashy ; but most commonly applied to snow 
 in a state of liquefaction. Su.-Got. slask, humor quicun- 
 que sordidus. 
 Slush, a reproachful term for a du"ty person. 
 Smack, v. to kiss with a noise. — Smack, *. a loud kiss. 
 
 He took 
 The bride about the neck, and kiss'd her lips 
 With such a clamorous smack, that at the parting 
 All the church echo'd — Shak. Taming of the Shrcxv. 
 
 Smally, little, puny. " A smally bairn." 
 
 Smartle, to waste or melt away. Su.-Got. smaelta, to melt. 
 
 Smash, v. to break in pieces, to shiver. — Smash, s. a crush, 
 the state of being shivered, atoms. Gael, smuais, broken 
 in shivers. 
 
 Smash, a kind of oath among the pitmen near Newcastle. — 
 Nothing energetic can be said without it. " Smash, mar- 
 row, luhere are yah gaiin tee." — " Smash maw pit sark,but 
 I ken ivhat aid' I dee .'" — " Smash yor brains, lohat hae yah 
 won noiv?" — " Smash, Geordy man,hoiv is't! Eh ! but aw 
 is pleased to see thee J Moo's Kan ?" 
 
 Smasher, a small standing pie, or raised tartlet ; generally 
 made of gooseberries. — Xewcastle. This word also means 
 any thing larger than another of the same sort. It is like-
 
 198 SMEL 
 
 wise a cant name for a pitman ; in vvliich I am told by an 
 
 ingenious friend, we are to seek for the etymology of the 
 
 word ; a smasher being originally such a tart as a pitman 
 
 could smash or eat up at a mouthful ! 
 Smelts, the fry of the salmon; generall}' called salmon-smelts 
 
 — different from Sparlings. 
 Smiddy, a blacksmitii's shop. Sax. smiththa, fabri officina. 
 
 Sw. smedia. 
 Smirk, to smile pleasantly, to laugh in the sleeve or secretly, 
 
 but not satyrically. Sax. smcrcian, subridere. 
 SwiTTLE, V. to infect. Sax. smittan. — Smittle, s. infection. 
 
 — Smittle, Smittlish, a. infectious, contagious. 
 Smock, the under linen of a female. Sax. smoc. There used 
 
 to be frequently, in my recollection, smock trices among the 
 
 young country wenches in the North. The prize, a fine 
 
 Holland chemise, was usually decorated with ribbons. The 
 
 sport is still continued at Newburn, near Newcastle, on 
 
 Ascension Day. 
 Smoke-the-Cobbler, a mischievous pastime among children. 
 Smoor, to smother, to suffocate. Sax. smoran. Teut. 
 
 smooreii. 
 Smouch, to salute. An old word. 
 Smudge, v. to laugh in a concealed manner. Germ, schmun- 
 
 zeln, to laugh in one's sleeve. 
 Smudge, v. to burn without a flame, or any appearance of fire, 
 
 except smoke. Smudge, or Smush, s. a sulphureous smell 
 
 occasioned by smoke and dust, close suffocating air. — 
 
 Germ, schmutz, smut, dirt. 
 Snag, to hew or cut roughly with an axe. V. Todd's John. 
 Snail's-gallop, a very slow pace; resembling the motion of 
 
 a snail. 
 Snap, a small round cake of gingerbread. " Nice brandy snaps, 
 
 sixteen a penny."
 
 SNOT 199 
 
 Snap, or Sxack-aim'Le, a kiiitl of play. iSce Halle E'en. 
 Snathe, to prune, to lop. Sax. snithaiiy to cut. 
 Snaw, snow. Pure Saxon. — Snaw-broth, melted snow. 
 Sneck. s. the latch or fastening of a door or gate. It is also 
 
 used as a verb — to sneck the door, being to fit it by a latch. 
 
 Tent, snacken, captare. 
 Snock-snurled, entangled, much twisteii, curled up like hard 
 
 twined worsted. Snarl is an old word for entangle. 
 Sneck-drawn, narrow minded, covetous, niggardly. V. Jam. 
 
 sneck-draiver. 
 Sned, the long shank or handle of a scythe. Sax. snced. 
 Snell, sharp, keen, piercing ; as a snell air. Sax. snithan, 
 
 secare ; or Teut. snel, acer. 
 Snew, snowed. The old preterite ; used by Chaucer and 
 
 others. 
 Sneeze -HORN, or Sneesh-horn, a comUiOn sort of snuff-box 
 
 made of a cow's horn. In Scotland this term is apphed to 
 
 any snuff-box. 
 Snifter, to snuff up the nose, to sniff. Su.-Got. snyfsta. 
 Snippy, covetous. Teut. snipjje^i, resecai-e. 
 Snivel, Sneavel, to speak through the nose, to sniff. Su.- 
 Got. snyfsta. 
 Snob, a common name for a cobbler. 
 Snod, smooth, neat, even, trimmed. Sax. snidan, to cut. — 
 
 Applied to persons, it means sly, cunning, demure. 
 Snoke, to smell, to pry about cm-iously, to look closely at any 
 
 thing. 
 Snort, to laugh outright. — Snorting, laughing out. 
 Snot, a contemptuous epithet for a useless, insignificant fel- 
 low. 
 Snotter, v. to snivel, to sob or cry. Sax. snytan. — Snot, 
 
 Snotter, s. mucus nasi. Sax. snole.
 
 200 SNUB 
 
 Snub, to check, to rebuke. Sw. snvbba. 
 SoA ! be quiet ! 
 
 SoBELE, to thrash, to beat. A very common word among the 
 pitmen. 
 
 Sae, Geordy, od smash my pit sarik ! 
 Thou'd best hand thee whisht about warik. 
 Or aw'll sohUc thee body, 
 And myek thee nose bloody, 
 If thou sets up thee gob to Bob Cranky. 
 
 Song, Boh Cranky'' s ^Si:ie Sunday 
 
 Sock, a plough-share. Fr. soc. 
 
 SoDDY, SoDDENT, heavy, sad. Perhaps from sod, a turf. 
 
 Soft, silly, simple, foolish. 
 
 He made soft fellows, stark noddies. 
 
 Burton, Aiiat. of Melancholy. 
 
 SoNCY, or SoNSY, pleasant, agreeable, engaging ; as applied to 
 a person's looks. Is it a corruption of Fr. sans souci, free 
 from care ? 
 
 Sonsy, plump, fat, thriving — also lucky. 
 
 Sooty-dog, an opprobrious epithet for a dirty fellow. 
 
 Sop, a piece of bread soaked in dripping under the roast. 
 
 SoKT, a lot, a parcel, a number. Nares is mistaken in think- 
 ing the word out of use. 
 
 But like a sort of sheep dispersed farre. 
 
 Spenser, Faerie Queene. 
 
 They can see a sort of traitors here. 
 
 S/iak, King Richard II. 
 
 Soss, V. to lap like a dog. — Soss, s. a call of dogs to their 
 
 meat. 
 Soss, s. a heavy, clumsy fall ; the sound caused by the act of 
 
 falling. Perhaps a variation of souse.
 
 SPAN 201 
 
 Soss, s puddle, any thing foul or muddy. " The beer's as 
 thick as soss.'^ 
 
 SoTTER, to boil slowly. Sax. seothan, to seeth. 
 
 SouR-DocKEN, sorrel. Rumex acetosa. 
 
 Sour-milk, butter milk. Sw. sur mioelk. 
 
 Souse, v. to fall upon, to fall with violence. This common 
 North country word is, in Todd's Johnson, derived from 
 Fr. sous, or dessous, upon. With deference, I submit that 
 it comes from sus, the old French word for, above or upon, 
 for which they now use siu; though still retained in 
 some phrases ; as coitrir sus a quel qtCun, to fall upon one. 
 The modern preposition dessus, upon or above, is only a 
 compound of de and the old sus. — Souse, s. a great thump, 
 a severe fall, a bloM-. 
 
 Sow, an inelegant female, a duty wench. I forbear to quote 
 any illustration. 
 
 Sowings, oatmeal flummery. Sc. sowens. 
 
 Spancel, a rope to tie a cow's hinder legs. A cow-tie. 
 
 Spang, a measure by the hand extended. Spa)i. 
 
 Spanghew, or Spangwhew, to throw with violence. The 
 word is sometimes used to express a barbarous operation 
 on the toad, to w hich rustics have a great antipathy. In 
 performing it they rest one-half of a long wooden bar on a 
 large stepping stone or over a cart, placing the toad at Its 
 extremity. An athletic youth, with a Ktrong club, then 
 strikes the unsupported end with all his force. The poor 
 animal, in consequence, is driven into the air to an im- 
 mense height ; and, falling to the gi'ound with accumu- 
 lated velocity, is bruised to a jelly. Toads, as observed 
 by Dr. Willan, may perhaps do some slight injury in fields 
 or gardens, but the above cruel practice is directed not so 
 much against tlie animal as against its supposed inmate ;
 
 202 SPAI 
 
 for the clowns imagine, that by the process they shall give 
 
 a couji de grace to a witch. 
 Spait, or Spyet, a great fall of rain, a torrent. Gael, sjie'ul, 
 
 a great river flood. 
 Spales, Spails, Spyels, chippings of wood. Perhaps Fr. 
 
 spolla, shavings. Spall is a very old word in our language 
 
 for a chip. 
 Spane, Spean, to wean a child, to deprive a creature of its 
 
 mother's milk. Germ, spenen. An old word. 
 Spang, to leap with elastic force, to spring. Germ, spannoi, 
 
 to extend. 
 Spang and Purley Qub, a mode resorted to by boys, of 
 
 measuring distances, particularly at marbles. 
 Spanker, one who walks with quickness and elasticity, a tall 
 
 and active joung person. 
 Spar, to dispute angrily. Germ, sperren, to resist. 
 Spar, Spare, to shut, to close. A common word in North. 
 
 Sax. sparran. 
 
 Whan the stede is stolen, sjmrre the stable dur. 
 
 Skelt07i. 
 
 Sparling, the smelt of the Thames, but not so of the Tyne ; 
 
 occasionally caught in the latter river. Pennant derives 
 
 it from Fr, eperlan ; but which is not satisfactory to Dr. 
 
 Jamieson. 
 Spave, Speave, to castrate, to spay. Lat. spadare. 
 Speel, Speil, to climb. Sc. s})elf. 
 Speer, or Speir, to ask, to enquue. Sax. Spyrian, investi- 
 
 gare. " Speer it out if you can." 
 Speeder, to spell. A mere corruption. 
 Spelk, Spell, a small splinter. Sax. spelc. 
 Spell and Ore, a game. Dur. Teut. spcl, a play or sport.
 
 SPRE 203 
 
 and Germ, knorr, a knot of wood or ore. The recreation 
 is also called bucksticJc spell and ore ; the buck stick (with 
 which the ore is struck) being broad at an end like the but 
 of a gun, and probably derived from Germ, buchse, a firelock, 
 
 Spence, an inner apartment, a country parlour. Meaning a 
 larder, or store-room, this is a very old word, from Fr. 
 despence. 
 
 Spice, gingerbread. Perhaps from the spice used in season- 
 ing. 
 
 Spice-cake, a cake full of currants ; generally baked on a 
 girdle. See Singin, or Singing-hinny. 
 
 Spiddick and Fawcet, a wooden instrument used as a sub- 
 stitute for a cock to let out liquors. Spigot andfaivcet. 
 
 Spile, a peg in a cask of liquor. — Spile-hole, the receptacle 
 for the same. 
 
 Spilling the Salt, an ominous accident said to presage some 
 future calamity, particularly, I believe, a domestic feud, if it 
 fall towards a person; but which may be averted by 
 throwing a little of the fallen article over the shoulder, 
 into the fire. Major Moor asks, if the Latin or Greek 
 classical authors make any mention of it ? Unquestion- 
 ably. From Festus, we learn that to spill the salt at table 
 was esteemed ominous ; and for the great care with 
 which, on that account, a family salt-cellar was always 
 kept, we have the authority of Horace. 
 
 Spinny-wve, or Spinnv-whi, a game among young persons in 
 Newcastle. V. Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. ii p. 305. 
 
 Splirt, Splurt, to spit out. 
 
 Spueckled, speckled. Su.-Got. sj}recklot. 
 
 Spree, sport, merriment, a frolic. Fr. esprit, spirit, vivacity. 
 
 Sprent, bespattered, splashed with dirt. Sax. sprcngan, 
 spargere. Chaucer uses .ijn-eint.
 
 204 SPUN 
 
 Spunk, a spark, a small fire. 
 
 Spunk, mettle, spirit, vivacity ; wseA figuratively for, life. In 
 the North, this is considered a good and very expressive 
 word, though abused in Todd's John. 
 
 Spunky, sparkling, fresh, spirited. 
 
 Spurling, the deep track of a coach or cart wheel. Germ. 
 spiw, a rut ; plural spuren — wagenspur, a cai't rut. 
 
 Stacker, to stagger. Sw. stagra. Chaucer uses stalccr. 
 
 Staddle, the bottom of a corn or hay stack, a mark left in 
 the grass by the long continuance of the hay in bad wea- 
 ther. Sax. stadel, a foundation. Welsh, ysladledd, con- 
 tinuous state. 
 
 St A HAN, St A AN, a stone. Sax. stan. 
 
 Staid, steady, sedate, advanced in years. 
 
 Staidlin, a part of a corn stack left standing. 
 
 Staith, Steeth, a place to lay up and to load coals at, a sort 
 of wharf. Sax. statli, ripa, littus, static navium. 
 
 Stall, Staul, to surfeit. See Staud. 
 
 Stalwart, stout, strong, hale. 
 
 A stalwart tinkler wight was he. 
 
 And wee'l cou'd mend a pot or pan, 
 
 An* deftly JVidl cou'd ihrnw a Jlee, 
 An neatly weave the willow wan'. 
 
 Roxhy, Reedwater Mindrd. 
 
 Stammer, to stagger. Isl. stamra, collabi. 
 
 Stanciiil, or Stannel-haw k, the Kestrjl or Windhover ; 
 
 inhabiting rocks and old buildings. Falco Tinnunculus. 
 
 Lin. Shakspeare, in the Twelfth Night, calls it stani/el. 
 Stand-still, a stoppage, a cessation. Etymology plain. 
 Stang, v. to shoot with pain; as in the tooth-ache. — Stang, 
 
 s. an acute pain, the sting of a bee. Isl. sLanga, pungere.
 
 STAN 20") 
 
 Stang, s, a long bar, a vvooilen pole — any piece of timber 
 adapted for the shaft of -a cart or carriage ; or lor railing ; 
 or for any other purpose requiring strength ; such as the 
 circular piece of wood used by butchers, on which they 
 hang the carcass of a bullock. Sax. .ifoi", vectis. iJut. 
 stang, a pole. — Riding the stang, a punishment among 
 the vulgar ; inflicted upon fornicators, adulterers, severe 
 husbands, and such persons as Ibllow their occupations 
 during particular festivals or holidays, or at prohibited 
 times, when there is a stand or combination among work- 
 men. Offenders of this description are mounted astraddle 
 on a long pole, or s(ang, supported upon the shoulders 
 of their companions. On this painful and fickle seat, they 
 are borne about the neighbom-hood, attended by a swarm 
 of children, huzzaing and throwing all manner of filth. 
 When they cannot lay hold of the culprit himself, a boy 
 mounts the stang ; but he is unmolested, though attended 
 with the same tumultuous cries, if not with increased 
 shouts of acclamation. The proxy proclaims, that it is 
 not on his own account that he is thus treated, but on 
 that of another person whose crime he names. I have 
 been witness to processions of this kind myself. School 
 boys are stanged by the other scholars, for breaking, what 
 they call, the rules or orders of the school. The cere- 
 mony is also resorted to, when a woman has gained an 
 improper ascendancy over her husband, so as to make him 
 bear every species of indignity. In this case, it is called 
 " Riding the stang for a neighbour's wife." A man is 
 placed in the same uneasy situation as before described, 
 so that he may be supposed to represent, or to sympa- 
 thize with his henpecked friend, whose misery he some- 
 times laments in doggrel rhime, applicable to the occasion.
 
 206 ' STAN 
 
 He is carried through the whole hamlet, with a view of 
 exposing or shaming the viraginous lady, and of thus pre- 
 venting further outrages on the person of her pitiable 
 partner. This mark of disgrace may be traced to very re- 
 mote times. The Goths were wont to erect, what they 
 called Nicl.sfacng, or the pole of infamy, with the most dire 
 imprecations against the person who was thought to de- 
 serve the punishment. He, who was subjected to this 
 dishonour, was called Nidmg, or the infamous ; being 
 disqualified from ever giving evidence in any juridical mat- 
 ter. Eric, King of Norway, was compelled to fly from 
 his dominions, so great was the hatred against him, for 
 having been the means of inflicting this tremendous stigma 
 on Egill Skallagrim, a celebrated Islandic bard. 
 
 Stangey, a common North country name for a tailor. Ob- 
 viously from the power of the needle. 
 
 Stank, to sigh, to moan, to gasp for breath. Isl. and Su.- 
 Got. stanka. 
 
 8tap, the stave of a tub. Su.-Got. staaf. 
 
 Start, the tail, or handle of any thing. Sax. steort. 
 
 Statesman, a person possessing an estate — whether versed 
 in the arts of government or not. See Laird, with which 
 it is synonymous. 
 
 Staud, cloyed, satiu-ated, fatigued. 
 
 Stavelling, or Stavering, wandering about in an unsteady 
 or uncertain manner ; as in the dark — stumbling. 
 
 Stead, Sted, Stid, a place, a farm house and offices. Sax. 
 sted. Su.-Got. stad, locus, situs. See Onstead. 
 
 Steai.y-clothes, or Watch-webs, a game. The players 
 divide into two parties, and draw a line as the boundary 
 of their respective territories. At an equal distance from 
 this line, each player deposits his hat or some other article
 
 STID 207 
 
 of his dress. Tlie object of the game is to seize and convey 
 these singly to jour own store from that of the enemy ; 
 but, if you are unfortunately caught in the attempt, you 
 not only restore the plunder, but become a prisoner your- 
 self. This evidently takes its origin from the inroads of 
 the English and Scotch : indeed, it is plainly proved by 
 the language used on the occasion, which consists, in a 
 great measure, of the terms of reproach still connnon among 
 the borderers. 
 
 Stee, or Stev, a hulder. Sax. stceger, gradus. Su.-Got. 
 stege, scalas. Chaucer uses steye, to ascend, and stcyers, 
 for stairs. 
 
 Steek, or Steik, to shut, to close. Teut. sleeken. " Steek 
 the heck"^ — shut the door. 
 
 Steepin, very wet. " A stcephi fall of rain." 
 
 Steer, a three years old ox. Sax. dyre. 
 
 Steg, a gander. Isl. steggr, mas pliu-ium ferai'um. Applied 
 ironically to a person ; as a stupid xteg. 
 
 Stell, a large open ch'ain in a marsh. 
 
 Steng. The pole of the old Northumbrian drees was called a 
 steng. The post on which Winter was gibbeted, on Whis- 
 kershields common — Winter's Steng; and before that the 
 place was called Steng Cross, from a cross with a tall shaft. 
 Steng is a pure Saxon word. 
 
 Stew. In a sad steiv, in a state of great perplexity. 
 
 Stick, or Strike, a stand or combination among workmen ; 
 generally in regard to wages. 
 
 Stickle, a hurry, a bustle. 
 
 Sticky-stack, a game among young people in running up the 
 face, or cut part, of a hay-stack. 
 
 Stiddy, Stithy, an anvil — used sometimes, but I think im- 
 properly, for the smith's shop. Isl. stcdi, incus. Stithe,
 
 208 STIL 
 
 is old English. Shakspeare employs the word stithy, in 
 both senses ; and he also uses the verb to stithy, to employ 
 an anvil. Ray has, among his Northern words, stith, strong, 
 hard, which is pure Saxon ; but it is not now in use, that 
 I am aware of, except in Scotland. 
 
 Stilt, the handle of a plough. 
 
 Stime, Styme, the most indistinct, or the faintest form of any 
 object — a glimpse, a whit. " I cannot see a stime." Welsh, 
 ystum, figure, shape. Grose has sthney, dim-sighted. 
 
 Stint, v. to stop, to cease, to desist. 
 
 The pretty wench left crying, and said, Ay ; — 
 And pretty fool, it stinted and said. Ay. 
 
 Shak. Rom. and Jul. 
 
 Stint, s. grass for a season, a right of pasturage. From stint, 
 
 to limit or restrain. 
 Stirk, Sturk, a young heifer, or bullock. Sax. slyrc, juven- 
 
 cus. 
 Stob, a stump, a stake, a post. Teut. stobbe, truncus. Stob, 
 
 is also used metaphorically, for an ignorant stupid fellow. 
 Stob-feathers, the short unfledged feathers that remain on a 
 
 fowl after it has been plucked. 
 Stook, Stouk, a shock of corn, consisting of twelve sheaves. 
 
 Ten of them are set up to dry, and the other two, which 
 
 are called hoods, are placed on the top. Teut. stock, meta, 
 
 a heap. Jam. 
 Stoop, Stowp, a post fastened in the earth. Su.-Got. stolpe, 
 
 fulcrum. 
 Stoor, dust in motion. — Stoorv, dusty. Sax. sty ran, tur- 
 
 bare movere. Dut. stooren, to disturb. Stoor also means 
 
 a bustle ; as all in a stoor, all in a hiuTy. 
 Stoorey, a mixtiu-e of wai'in beer and oatmeal with sugar.
 
 STRI 209 
 
 Store, estimation, regard, esteem. 
 
 Storken, to cool, to stiffen. Germ. sLarken, to strengthen. 
 Storm-staid, delayed on a journey by reason of a storm. 
 Stot, to rebound from the ground, to strike any elastic body 
 
 so as to cause it to rebound. Dut. atidtcn, to bounce, to 
 
 rebound. — Stotting-ball, a rebounding ball. 
 Stot, a young ox. Su.-Got. stut, juvencus. Dan. stud, an 
 
 ox. 
 Stound, v. to ache, to smart, to be in pain. Isl. styn, inge- 
 
 mescere. — Stound, s. the sensation or first impression of 
 
 sudden pain, arising from a knock or blow. 
 Stowek, or Dyke-stower, a hedge stake. Su.-Got. stoer, 
 
 palus. 
 Stramp, to tread upon, to trample. Germ, stvampfen. " He 
 
 stramjjed upon my foot." 
 Strandy, restive, passionate. 
 Strang, strong. Pure Saxon. 
 Strapping, tall. — Strapper, a large man or woman. 
 Stravaiging, strolling about; generally in a bad sense. Ital. 
 
 sfravagare. 
 Streamers, the Northern lights. See Merry-dancers. 
 Stree, Strey, straw. Sc. strae. V. Wilb. streea. 
 
 Ne Ignr the fire was couched first with stre. 
 And then vv^itli dry stickens clovin athre. 
 
 Chancer, Knights Tale. 
 
 Stbeek,' to stretch or expand, to lay out a corpse. Sax. 
 streccan, extendere. — Streeking-board, a boai'd on which 
 the limbs of the deceased are stretched out and composed. 
 
 Stretcher, an untruth ; a softer term for a falsehood. 
 
 Strickle, an instrument used in whetting scythes. 
 
 Striddle, to straddle. — Striddle-legs, astride. 
 
 Dd
 
 210 STRI 
 
 Strip, to draw the after milking of a cow. — Strippings, the 
 last part of the milking. The same as strokings or after- 
 ings. 
 
 Stroke, used in the sense of considerable. " A good stroke 
 of business." Meaning sway or influence, it is an old 
 word. 
 
 Strunt, a sullen fit. — Strunty, offended. V. Jam. 
 
 Strunt, the tail or rump. — Struntv, any thing short or con- 
 tracted. Fr. eslrehit, shrunk up. 
 
 Stub, to grub up. — Stubbed, grubbed up ; metaphorically, 
 ruined. 
 
 Studdy, a smith's anvil. See Stiddy. 
 
 Fling off their black duddies, 
 Leave hammers and studdies. 
 
 Song, Bonny Geatddcrs. 
 
 Stummer, Stammer, to stumble. Isl. stumra. 
 
 Stump, a heavy, thick-headed fellow. — Stumps, legs. " Stir 
 
 your stumjis." 
 Stump and Rump, entirely. 
 Stunsail, a steering or studding sail. 
 Sturdy, a disease in the head of cattle. Old Fr. cstourdi, 
 
 dizzy-headed. 
 Stut, to stutter. An old word, still in gene^ use. 
 
 She spake somewhat thicke, 
 
 Her fellowe did stummer and stut, 
 
 But she was a foule slut ! — Skdton. 
 
 Sty, a troublesome and painful swelling on the eye-lid. — 
 Great relief, if not a perfect cm'e, is supposed to be effected 
 by the application of a wedding ring, nine times repeated. 
 The idea is ancient, however questionable the benefit.
 
 SWAM 21 1 
 
 Stvth, foul air ; a black suffocating damp in a colliery. 
 
 To cure this ill 
 
 A philosophic art is us'd to drain 
 
 The foul imprison'd air, and in its place 
 
 Purer convey. — Jagd's Edgehill. 
 
 SuBTEnRANEOus PASSAGES. Near every ancient castle, cathe- 
 dral, abbey, or hall, the common people have tales of under- 
 ground (vaulted) roads, sometimes to great distances ; such 
 as from Tynemouth to Carlisle, from Newcastle to Tyne- 
 mouth, from Hexham to Alnwick Castle, from Durham 
 Abbej' to various places. 
 
 SuCKEN, an exclusive privilege of grinding, or other juris- 
 diction attached to a mill ; the dues paid to the miller. — 
 Sax. 5oc«e. Sii.-Got. .vo/iH. This ancient word is still used 
 in leases from the Bishop of Durham. See thirlage, a ser- 
 vitude or tenure in Scotland, something similar, in Tom- 
 lins' Law Diet. 
 
 SuMMAT, SuMMET, somcwhat, something. 
 
 SuiMMER-GoosE, the vulgar name for Gossamer ; which see. 
 
 Sump, Sumph, a bog, a swamp, a miry pool. Dan. sump. — 
 SuMPY, mu\y, dirty. Dan. sjivipig. — Sumph, an epithet for 
 a dirty person. 
 
 Sun-dance. It was formerly a custom to rise early on Easter 
 Sunday, and to go into the fields to see the sun dance, 
 which, according to ancient tradition, it always does on 
 this day. The practice, I have some reason to believe, is 
 not yet entirely laid aside. 
 
 SuRE-A3-A-GUN, absolutely certain — a common colloquial com- 
 parison. 
 
 SwAD, a peasecod, the husk of any kind of pulse. /'. Skin- 
 ner. 
 
 SwAiiisn, SwEAMisn, shy, bashful, s(|ucann'sh.
 
 212 SWAN 
 
 SwAXKV, a strappiiifr young country-man. 
 
 Swap, to exchange, to barter. IsKs/rz/j/ft, nuitare. J'. Jam. 
 
 SwAPE, a long oar used in working a coal keel on the Tyne ; 
 
 that at the stern acting as a rudder. Swappe, to strike 
 
 or throw down with violence, similar to the action of using 
 
 the sivape, occurs in Chaucer. Sax. swapan, to sweep. 
 
 Isl. siveipn, percutere. 
 Swarm, to climb a tree by the muscular action of the arms, 
 
 thighs, and legs. 
 SwARN, to warrant. " Swam ye, he'll come." 
 SwARTH, Swath, the ghost or apparition of a person, about to 
 
 die. Derived by Ray from Sax. siueart, black, dark, pale, 
 
 wan. See Waff. 
 Swatch, v. to swathe, to swaddle. Sax, swedan, to bind. 
 Swatch, s. a pattern, a sample. V. Ray, swache. 
 SwATTLE, to consume, to waste ; generally fluids. 
 Su'Eal, v. to melt, to waste or blaze, to burn away rapidly; as 
 
 a candle when exposed to the wind. Sax. swelan, to burn. 
 
 An old English word. — Sweal, s. a blaze, an enlarged 
 
 flame. 
 SwEARLE, or SwEKVEL-EYE, EH eye with a particular cast. 
 
 SWEDDLE, to swell. SwEDDLED, puffed OUt. 
 
 SvvEEL, a sudden swell or burst of laughter. 
 
 Sweeties, sweetmeats or confections for children. 
 
 SwELT, or Swelter, to broil, to swoon, to faint. — Swelted, 
 or Sweltered, overcome with heat and perspiration. 
 Sax. swcltan, to die. 
 
 SwERLB, to roll from side to side in walking. It is also ap- 
 plied to express the gliding of a stream of water. A small 
 runner in Sandgate, Newcastle, was anciently called the 
 Swede ; now corrupted into the Squirrel. 
 
 SwEV, to poise, to swing. Isl. siveigia, inclinare. See Hikey 
 and Shuggey-shew.
 
 SYLE 213 
 
 Swill, a round basket of wicker work ; generally carried on 
 the head. Hence its name Kcyside iimhrdla, when re- 
 versed in wet weather. 
 
 SwiLLiNGS, washings of vessels — hog-wash. Sax. swilgctn, to 
 drink largely, to swUl. 
 
 Swinge, to chastise, to beat soundly. Sax. swingan, flagel- 
 lare, castigare. 
 
 Swingle-tree, a moveable piece of wood to which the traces 
 of husbandry horses are fastened. Teut. sivinghe/en, vi- 
 brare. 
 
 SwiNKED, oppresed, vexed, fatigued. Sax. swincan, labrare, 
 fatigari. 
 
 Swipe, to drink off to the very bottom. 
 
 SwiPPER, nimble, quick. Sax. swipan, cito agere. 
 
 SvviRT, a syringe. From squirt. See Scooter. 
 
 SwiRTLE, to proceed with a moving motion like an eel. Su. 
 Got. swarf wa, circumagere. 
 
 Switch, to walk with a light quick step, to go with a sort of 
 jerk. Su.-Got. swiga, loco cedere. 
 
 Sword-dance, an ancient Christmas custom ; still continued 
 in many parts of the North. It is fully described in 
 Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. i. p. 396 & seq. Connected 
 with this subject, see Mr. Donee's interesting dissertation 
 on the ancient English Morris Dance, in the 2d vol. of 
 his Illustrations of Shakspeare. 
 
 SwuppLE, SooPLE, or SouPEL, the upper joint of a flail. Fr. 
 souple ; or Isl. siueipa, to strike. 
 
 Syles, the principal rafters of a house.
 
 214 TAAD 
 
 T. 
 
 Taad, Tved, a toad. Sax. tade. — Tved-hed, the seed, 
 or spawn of toads ; generally seen in a mass lilce a bunch of 
 grapes. V. Bewick's ^Esop, p. 290. 
 
 Tack, or Tyak, to take. — Tyak-efter, to imitate or resemble. 
 " The bairns tyak efter their dad." — Tyak-up, to reform. 
 " He'll tyak up" said of an extravagant, thoughtless per- 
 son likely to reform. 
 
 Taffy, a sort of candy made of treacle ; often by a company 
 of young people in an evening by way of amusement — 
 called joining for taffy. V. Wilb. 
 
 Tailor's Mense, a small portion left by way of good manners. 
 In some parts of the North it is the custom for the village 
 tailor to work at his customer's house, and to partake of 
 the hospitality of the family board. On these occasions 
 the best fare is invariably provided ; at least such was the 
 case when I was a boy ; and the tailor to shew that he 
 has had enongh, generally leaves a little on his plate, which 
 is called tailor\s mense. This term is also given to cut- 
 tings sent home by such of this unfortunate fraternity, 
 against whom the old imputation of loving too much cab- 
 bage does not apply. 
 
 Taistrel, Testkil, a mischievous, ill behaved boy — when ap- 
 plied to an adult, an expression of great contempt, equi- 
 valent to scoundrel. 
 
 Take-off, to banter, to jeer. 
 
 Tan, to beat. " I'll tan yor hide." 
 
 Tane, T'ax, the one. " G'C me fan or tofher." 
 
 Tank, a piece of deep water, natural as' well as artificial. 
 
 Tantrums, high airs, a display of ill humour. " She's in her 
 tajitnims."
 
 TEEM 215 
 
 Tapfv-lappy, as hard as you can ; applied to running. 
 
 Tarn, a pool ou a mountain. Isl. I'mdi, stagnuui. 
 
 Tatee, a potatoe. V. Sulf. Words, taters ; and Nares' Gloss. 
 potatoes. — Tatee-bogle, a scarecrow. — Tatee-beatment, 
 a measure. Kewc. 
 
 Tatee and Point, a piece of fat meat said to be suspended 
 over the family board — nobody knows why, and equiva- 
 lent to, nobody knows what. 
 
 Tathy-grass, short grass that has no seed, refuse grass, old 
 and new mixed, the produce under trees or in old pastures 
 not eaten by cattle. Perhaps, tufty grass. 
 
 Tatter-wallops, ragged clothes fluttering in the wind. 
 
 Taving, irregular motion ; picking the bed-clothes in febrile 
 delirium. Will an. 
 
 Tawm, Tam, a fishing line. " A lang twine tarn." 
 
 Taws, a pair of taws, a leather strap used by schoolmasters 
 for chastising children. Isl. taug, lorum. 
 
 Taylior, Teaylear, a tailor. Old Eng. talyoivre. See Tai- 
 lor's MENSE. 
 
 Teangs, Tyengs, a pair of tongs. Sax. tangan, forcipes. 
 " Tyeng leg'd Dickr 
 
 Tearan, tearing. A tearan felloiv is a rough, hot headed 
 person, who drives every thing before him, regardless of 
 danger or of consequences. 
 
 Tedding, applied to the dressing of hair and flax, as well as 
 to the spreading of hay. 
 
 Tee, or Tie, a hau'-rope with which to shackle cows in milk- 
 ing. Cow-tie, 
 
 Teem, to pour out of one vessel into another. Isl. taenia, to 
 empty. " Teem out the tea hinnyr 
 
 Teeming-woman, one who is more prolific than every loving 
 lord considers indispensably necessary to his happiness. 
 Sax. team-full, prole planus, foecundus.
 
 216 TEEN 
 
 Teen, s. sorrow, injury. An old word, used by Spenser and 
 Shakspeare. — Teen. a. angry. V. Lye, teon. 
 
 Teethy, cross, fretful, peevish ; generally spoken of children. 
 V. Todd's John, tec/ii/. 
 
 Tell, to count, to reckon. Sax. telan. Moor observes, that 
 the Tellers of the Exchequer retain the name ; though 
 not, perhaps, the fact or practice. " He cannot tell to 
 twenty." 
 
 Tell'd, told. A common corruption. " Aw ^e>//'(f him on't." 
 
 Temse, v. and s. See Timse. 
 
 Th, frequently changed into D ; as father, fade?- ; mother, 
 vwder ; Rothbur}', Rodbiiry. 
 
 Thack, Theak, thatch ; both as veii) and substantive. Sax. 
 thaccan, to cover ; thac, theec, thatch. Chaucer uses 
 thaclic. 
 
 Thatadonnet, a good for nought, the devil. Is it, that 
 " adonnc" (Fr.) abandoned one ? 
 
 Thauf, Thauf-cake, a cake without yeast or any other fer- 
 menting substance. Probably as conjectured by an inge- 
 nious friend, from Sax. thearfan, opus habere, necesse ha- 
 bere — necessity cake, or cake made in urgent haste, as 
 what used to be called soldier's bread at the time when sol- 
 diers were quartered, during marches, on private families. 
 But see Todd's John, therf-bread. 
 
 Thick, intimate. " They are very thick just now," i. e. they 
 are very familiar. " We are not thic/c at all at present" — 
 equivalent to not being on friendly terms. 
 
 Thief and Reever-bell, the name given to the tolling of the 
 great bell of Saint Nicholas, Newcastle, which is rung at 
 8 o'clock of the evening preceding every fair — as a sort of 
 invitation to all rogues and thieves so enter that good town. 
 Kcever, means robber ; from Sax. reafcre.
 
 THIR 217 
 
 Thingembobs, nameless trifles. Thingembob, is also a vulgar 
 substitution of a person's name when it is not immediately 
 recollected. 
 
 TiHNK-SHAME, to feel abashed, to have a sense of shame. 
 
 Thirl, to pierce, to perforate. Sax. thirlian. A word used by 
 Chaucer. 
 
 This-en, and That-en, in this manner and in that. 
 
 Thivel, a smooth stick, used for various purposes of domes- 
 tic economy. Sax. thvfel, a stem or stalk. " He's a qtieer 
 stick to make a thivel of" — said of an unsteady, wayward 
 person. 
 
 Thole, to wait awhile. Su.-Got. tola, expectare. 
 
 Thorough-go-mmble, a diarrhoea; the same as Teezev- 
 Weezy. This loose sort of jargon abounds in the North. 
 
 Thou's like, you must. " ThoiCs like to come." 
 
 Thraxg, v. to press, to thrust, to squeeze. Sax. thringan. — 
 Chaucer uses thring, a pronunciation still retained in some 
 parts of Yorkshire. 
 
 Thrang, s. a crowd, a throng. Pure Saxon. 
 
 Thrang, a. much engaged, busily employed. 
 
 Thrave, Threave, a certain number of sheaves of corn ; ge- 
 nerally, I believe, twenty four — a quantity of straw. Sax. 
 threaf. 
 
 Threap, to persist vehemently, to aver pertinaciously in reply 
 to denial. Sax threapian, redarguere. 
 
 Itt's not for a man with a woman to thrcajpe. 
 Unless he first give o'er the plea. 
 
 Ancient Version of, Take thy old Cloak 
 
 ahoiit tlicc. 
 
 Thrif or Thrift-box, an earthen pot or box in which money 
 is kept by young persons, 
 
 E e
 
 218 THRO 
 
 Throuden, fat, well grown, in good case. 
 
 Thropple, the windpipe, the throat. " A bull's Ihrofplcr 
 
 Throwing-the-Stocking, an odd sort of love divination, on 
 the first evening of a wedding. After the bride has retired, 
 and while she is undressing, she delivers one of her stock- 
 ings to a female attendant, who throws it at random among 
 the company assembled on this festive occasion. The per- 
 son on whom it happens to alight will, it is supposed, be the 
 next to enter into the happy state. Another, and more 
 curious, though perhaps now obsolete mode, was for the 
 guests invited to repair to the bridal chamber, where it was 
 customary for the happy pair to sit up in bed, in full dress, 
 exclusive of their shoes and stockings. One of the bride's 
 maids then took the bridegroom's stocking ; and, standing 
 at the bottom of the bed with her back towards it, threw 
 the stocking with the left hand over the right shoulder, 
 aiming at the face of the bridegroom. Tins was done by all 
 the females in rotation. When any of them were so fortu- 
 nate as to hit the object, it was a sign that they were soon 
 to be married. The bride's stocking was thrown by tlie 
 young men at the bride in like manner; from which a simi- 
 lar prognostic was taken. 
 
 Thruff-stone, a tomb stone. Sax. thruh. V. Lye. 
 
 Thrusty, thii-sty. A word used by Chaucer. 
 
 Thud, the noise of a fall, a stroke causing a blunt and hollow 
 sound. Sax. thoden, turbo. 
 
 Thumping, great, huge ; as a thumping bairn — also notorious ; 
 as a thumjxing lie. 
 
 Thunner, thunder. Wilb. has thunna, s. and v. 
 
 Thur, these. Isl. theyr, illi ; thaer, illas. 
 
 Thwaite, a level pasture field. V. Todd's John. 
 
 TiCE, to cnlicc. Old English, tijce.
 
 TINK 319 
 
 TiD, Mid, Mizzerav, Carling, Palm, Paste-egg-day, the 
 last six Sundays in Lent. The first has no name. 
 
 Tie-pot, or Tve-top, a garland. 
 
 TiFFV-TAFFV, a difficult piece of work. 
 
 TiFLE, Tyfell, to entangle, to mix and knot threads together, 
 to ruffle. V. Jam. tuffle. 
 
 Tift, a fit of anger, or rather the act of quarrelling. — Tifty, ill 
 natured, petulant. 
 
 Tig, a slight touch ; as a mode of salutation — a play among 
 children, on separating for the night, in which every one 
 endeavours to get the last touch ; called also, last bat. 
 
 Tike or Tyke, a person of bad character, a blunt or vulgar 
 fellow. Also a name for a dog. 
 If you can like, 
 A Yorkshire tike Carey, Wonder, ^c. 
 
 Till, to. Mr. Todd has shewn it to be old. 
 
 Tiller, to send out shoots, as wheat. — Dur. Germ, theilen, 
 
 to separate into parts. 
 TiMERSOME, TiMMERsoME, feai'ful. Timorous. 
 Timwer, timber, Sw. timmer. " A ship load of timmer." 
 TiMSE, V. to sift. — TiMSE, s. a sieve. Dut. teems, Fr. tamis. 
 Tine, to shut, to inclose. Sax. tynan, claudere. 
 TiNG-TOiVG, the little bell of a church. Fr. tintouin, a tingling ; 
 
 or Teut. tinghe-tanghen, tintinare. 
 Tinkler, a tinker. The celebrateil Wull Allen was for many 
 
 years the king of the tinklers in the North. He had a son, 
 
 not less celebrated — Jamie Allen, the Northumberland 
 
 piper. 
 
 Nae mair he'll scan wi' anxious eye 
 
 The sandy shores of winding Reed, 
 
 Nae mair he'll tempt the finny fry, 
 
 The King o' Tinklers, Allen's dead ! 
 
 Roxhij, Rccdwatcr Minstrel.
 
 220 TIPP 
 
 Tippy, smart, fine. " Tippy Boh."" 
 
 TiRL, to make a slight scratching noise ; to turn over the 
 
 leaves of a book quickly. 
 TiTE, soon, easily, well. — Titter, sooner, rather. See As- 
 
 TITE. 
 
 TiTLiKG, a small bird attendant on the cuckoo. 
 
 Tiv, to. — Tiv-a-Tee, just the thing. 
 
 Toad-bit, a disease among cattle, absurdly imputed to the 
 poison of toads ; and against which hisf ration by need-fire 
 is employed. Dr. Willan mentions a recent instance of 
 the practice, as occurring near Sedbergh. 
 
 ToAD-UNDER-A-HARROw, the Comparative situation of a poor 
 fellow, whose wife, not satisfied with the mere hen-peck- 
 ing of her helpmate, takes care that all the world shall wit- 
 ness the indignities she puts upon him. The expression 
 is also applied to any other similar, if such there be, state 
 of misery. 
 
 ToDLE or Toddle, to walk, to saunter about, " Toiling 
 hame" Germ. ti-oUeln, to trundle along. 
 
 Tommy, a little loaf. " A soldier s tommy." 
 
 Too, shut, close. " Put the door too?"—" It is too." Dut. 
 toe. Is de deur toe ? 
 
 TooFALL, TwoFALL, or Teefall, a small building adjoining 
 to, and with the roof resting on the wall of a larger one. — 
 This name is also given to a small shed at the end of a 
 farm house, in which are usually placed implements of agri- 
 culture. In the latter sense, however, it is often pro- 
 nounced Touffa. Teut. toe-vallen, adjungere se. 
 
 TooM, or TuAM. Dan. tomme, to empty. " A loom purse." — 
 " A tuam cart." 
 
 ToozLE, to pull about ; especially applied to any rough dal- 
 liance with a female.
 
 TRAS 221 
 
 Top, good, excellent. — Topper, any thing superior — a clever, 
 or extraordinary person ; but generally in an ironical 
 sense. 
 
 TopsMAN, the head man or manager, the chief hind or bailiftl 
 
 ToRious, notorious. " A ^iorious liar that." 
 
 ToRsiiT, TuRMiT, a turnip. 
 
 Tosh, a projecting or unseemly tooth — a tusk. 
 
 TossiCATED, perplexed ; as if intoxicated. 
 
 Tote, the whole. " The ivhole tolc." A common pleonasm. 
 Lat. totus. 
 
 ToTEY, bad tempered. " A totey body." 
 
 ToTHER, TuTHER, the Other. See Tane. 
 
 Tough, Teugh, tedious, difficult. " A tough journey." — 
 " Teugh ivarJi." Apparently, the original sense of the 
 word. 
 
 TowGHER, a portion or dowry, dower. Cumh. Toher, in 
 other places, means the same. V. Jam. tocher. 
 
 TowLiNG, a mischievous amusement among the boys in New- 
 castle, during the evenings of the horse-fairs. It consists 
 of whipping up and down the different " choice tit bits" 
 shewn on those occasions. From the enquiries I have 
 made, I find it has been practised from time immemorial. 
 
 Tram, a small sledge. 
 
 Tramp, a mechanic travelling from place to place in search of 
 work. 
 
 Trampers, beggars, who traverse extensive tracts of country, 
 soliciting from door to door. 
 
 Translators, cobblers who buy old boots and shoes and make 
 them up anew for sale. The Castle Garth, in Newcastle, 
 is the Grand Emporium of this learned and gentle craft. 
 
 Transmogrified, transformed, metamorphosed. 
 
 Trash, " to trample on in a careless manner," Todd's John. 
 It is rather, to tramp about with fatigue.
 
 223 TRIG 
 
 Tricky, artful, cunning. Fvll of tricks. 
 
 Trig, v. to fill, to stuff. — Trig, a. full. 
 
 Trig, neat, trim ; or rather tricked out, or what is called^we. 
 
 Trim, to chastise, to beat soundl}'. " I'll trim your jacket." 
 
 Trippit and Coit, a game similar to spell and ore. Newc. 
 Called Trippit and Rack in parts of North. The trippit 
 is a small piece of wood obtusely pointed. See Spell 
 AND Ore. 
 
 Trist, Tryst, a fair for black cattle, horses, sheep, &c. Long 
 Framlington trist, Felton tryst. North. Sc. tryst, an 
 appointment to meet. V. Jam. 
 
 Trod, a foot path through a field. Isl. trod. 
 
 Trollibags, tripe. V. Suft". Words, trullibzibs. 
 
 Trones, a steel yard. Isl. trana, grus. 
 
 Trumph, a trump at cards. Common among the v'ulgar. 
 
 TuBBER, a cooper. A maker of tubs. 
 
 Ti E, to labour long and patientl)', to fatigue by repeated or 
 continued exertion. Fr. titer, se tner, originally to kill ; 
 but used also for, to fatigue or weary. // se tue, he wea- 
 ries himself; or, in North country language, he tiies him- 
 self. " Tuing on" — toiling away. " A tuing life" — a la- 
 borious life. " A tiling soul" — a hard working person. 
 " Sare tues" — great difficulty in accomplishing any thing. 
 
 TuEL, a species of bantering ; or rather a tendency to squab- 
 ble accompanied with it — any troublesome intermeddling. 
 " Dinna haud me sic a tuel." 
 
 Tug, to rob, to destroy. " To tug a nest." 
 
 Ti'iFFiT, or Tewfet, the lapwing. See Peez-weep. 
 
 TuM, to separate or card wool. 
 
 Tup, s. a ram. — Tup, v. to give the ram. Shakspeare, in 
 Othello, uses the verb in a more extended sense ; but the 
 passage cannot well be quoted.
 
 UNCA 223 
 
 TussKL, or Tussle, a struggle, a contest. 
 
 Twang, a quick pull, a tweak — also pain. V. Moor. 
 
 TwATTLE, to pat, to make much of, to fondle. See Br- 
 
 TWATTLED. 
 TWEA, TWEE, two. SaX. twO. TwEASOME, TwosoME, two in 
 
 company. 
 TwEA-FACED, deccitful. Sax. twe-feald, duplex. 
 Twill, a quill ; either for a pen, or on which to wind yarn. — 
 
 V. Ray. 
 Twilt, a quilt or bed cover. V. Todd's John, to twill. 
 Twine, to cry. — Twiny, fretful, uneasy. 
 TwiNTER, a beast of two winters old. Sax. twy-winter, duos 
 
 annos natus. 
 TwiTCH-BELL, the earwig. 
 Twitter, to tremble, to be in a state of uneasiness. Germ. 
 
 zittern, to shiver or quake. 
 
 U. 
 
 Ug, to feel abhorrence at. — UcsoaiE, disgusting, exciting r.b- 
 hoiTence. — Xorth. 
 
 U'fli — H'm, or Umhim, an indifferent careless manner of as- 
 senting to what is said ; pronounced with the mouth shut, 
 the last syllable short : very common in Newcastle. A 
 literary friend suggests a derivation from umpli, ascribed 
 satirically to the Society of Friends. 
 
 Un, one — referring to an individual. " Hes a bad un.'^ 
 
 Unaccountable, s. a strange character ; an unpromising per- 
 son. 
 
 Uncannv, giddy, careless, imprudent. It is also applied by 
 the superstitious to one supposed to possess supernatural 
 influence. Sc. no canny, — Uncannily, unthinkingly, 
 thoughtlesslv.
 
 224 > UNDE 
 
 Undercumstand, to understand. A mere vulgar change. 
 
 Undight, undressed, undecked. V. Todd's John. 
 
 Unfrem'd, unkind. See Frem'd. 
 
 Ungear, to unharness. '* Ungear the yohey 
 
 Unhonest, dishonourable, dishonest. Stated in Todd's John, 
 to be obsolete ; but it is not so in the North. 
 
 Unket, Unkid, strange, unusual. Sax. imcuth, alienus. — Un- 
 KETS, Unkids, news. 
 
 Unlicked-cub, an ignorant, unpolished youth. 
 
 U^'MACKLY, ill-shapen, of a clumsy appearance. 
 
 Unpossible, for impossible. Not in Johnson but admitted by 
 Mr Todd ; and well authorized. The word is frequent 
 with the vulgar in the North. 
 
 Unrid, to rid. Here the particle is of no force. — Unrip, a 
 common word in the North — authorized by some of our 
 best writers — is similarly circumstanced. 
 
 Unsneck, to lift a latch ; as of a door. 
 
 Unsoncy, Unsonsy, careless, luckless, unpleasant, disagree- 
 able. See SoNCY. 
 
 Upbraid, to rise on the stomach, as well as to reproach. 
 
 Upcast, v. to upbraid. — Upcast, s. a taunt, reproach. 
 
 Upcasting, a rising of the clouds above the horizon, especi- 
 ally as threatening rain. 
 
 Uphad, Uphaud, to warrant against defects. Uphohl. 
 
 Upinsii, a sort of cant word for understanding. 
 
 Upsides, quits. To be upsides with any one, is to threaten 
 vengeance for an injury or affront. Upwith, equal. 
 
 Urchin, a hedge-hog. Chaucer uses urchon. V. Nares' 
 Gloss.
 
 WABB 
 
 V. 
 
 Vamper, to vapour or swagger, to make an ostentatious ap- 
 pearance. Welsh, gwemp, splendid. 
 
 Vardie, opinion, judgment. Perhaps a corruption of verdict. 
 
 Varment, Verjient, vermin — also a term of reproach, par- 
 ticularly to a child. 
 
 Varra, Varry, Vurry, very. 
 
 Vennel, a sewer. Probably from kennel, an open water course. 
 
 Ventersome, Venturesome, rash, adventurous. 
 
 Verter, a common corruption of virtue. 
 
 Vievvlv, pleasant to the sight, striking to the eye, handsome. 
 
 Vine-pencil, a black lead pencil. 
 
 Virgin's Garland. Many country churches in the North 
 are adorned with these garlands ; in token, says Bourne, of 
 esteem and love, and as an emblem of reward in the hea- 
 venly Church. They are made of variegated colom'ed 
 paper, representing flowers, fastened to small sticks cros- 
 sing each other at the top, and fixed at the bottom by a 
 circular hoop. From the centre is suspended the form of 
 a woman's glove cut in white paper, on which the name 
 and age of the deceased ai"e sometunes written. 
 To her sweet mem'ry flow'ry Garlands strung, 
 On her now empty seat aloft were hung. — Gay. 
 
 VoKY, VoKEY, moist, juicy. WoMe occui's in Peirs Plough- 
 man. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wabble, to move easily, to reel, to wave ; as growing corn 
 on a windy day. Sec Waffle. 
 
 Ff
 
 me WAD 
 
 Wad, black lead. — Cumb. Ptu'e Saxon. " A wad jiencil." 
 
 Wad, woad used by dyers. Sax. ivad. " As blue as ivadJ'' 
 
 Wad, would. " He wad, at wad he" — he would, that lie 
 would. 
 
 Waden, Wauden, young and active — vigorous in limb. " A 
 ■waden lad." 
 
 Wadler-wife, the keeper of a register office for servants.-^ 
 Newcastle. 
 
 Wae me ! or Wae's me ! an exclamation of sorrow, equiva- 
 lent to woe is me. Sax. wa is me. 
 
 Waff, Waith, Wraith, an apparition in the exact resem- 
 blance of a person, supposed to be seen just before or soon 
 after death. It may be from the airy form of the object ; 
 a waft or transient view being called a waff; but see Jam. 
 wraith. I have conversed with persons who have gravely 
 and unequivocally asserted that they have seen these spec- 
 tral appearances of their deceased friends and relations. 
 
 Waffle, to wave, to fluctuate. Sax. ivafian, vacillare. 
 
 Wag, to beckon with the hand. " Le€s wag on him." 
 
 Wag-at-the-Waw, Wagger, a cheap wooden German clock. 
 Perhaps from the pendulum being exposed ; or, provinci- 
 ally, seen luagging against the wall. 
 
 Wage, pay for service. Both Johnson and Nares say, used 
 only in the plural. In the North, however, the singular 
 is in common use. " JVhafs your wagef'' 
 
 Waifinger, an estray. Law Lat. waivium. 
 
 Wairsh, Wearsh, thin, watery, weak, insipid. It is also used 
 to express a griping in the bowels, V. Todd's John. 
 ■iveerish. 
 
 Wait, wot. Sax. wat, from wilan. 
 
 Waiter, Waater, water. Sax. wceter. 
 
 Waiter, or Water-brash, a disease in the stomach. Per- 
 haps from the bursting or discharge of aqueous himiour.
 
 WALL 227 
 
 Waits, musicians who play by night in the streets about the 
 time of Ciiristmas and the new year ; originally a town- 
 band of musicians. One of the old towers, in Newcastle, 
 was formerly called the waits' tower, and was the place of 
 their meeting. Their playing to Oliver Cromwell, while 
 that extraordinary character was entertained at dinner, on 
 his route to or from Scotland, is traditionally remembered. 
 The term is apparently from Mce.-Got. luahts, vigilia, ex- 
 cubiae ; these waits being anciently viewed as a sort of 
 watchmen. 
 
 Wake, v. to watch by a corpse, to sit up with a person all 
 night. See Lake-wake. 
 
 Wake, s. a country feast, a rural fair. V. Hutchinson's His- 
 tory of North, vol. ii. p. 26 ; and Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. 
 i. p. 432. 
 
 Tarts and custards, ci'eams and cakes, 
 Are the junketts still at Wakes — Her rick. 
 
 Wake, a. weak. Sax. tvcpc. " A tvahely body." 
 
 Wale, Weahl, ik to select, to choose, to sort. Su.-Got. 
 ivaelia, eligere. Germ, wahlen, to pick out. — Wale, s. 
 choice. 
 
 Walk-mill, a fulling-mill. Germ, tvalkmiiMe. Before tfte 
 introduction of machinery it was customary to use the 
 feet in fulling cloth. 
 
 Wall, Walle, to boil. Su.-Gor. tuacUa, testuare, fervere. — 
 Walm, a slight boiling. 
 
 Wall-eyed. In those parts of the North, with which I am 
 best acquainted, persons are said to be wuil-eycd, when the 
 white of the e3e is very large, and to one side. On the 
 borders, " sic folks'''' are considered unlucky. The term 
 is also applied to horses with similar eyes. The author
 
 228 WALL 
 
 of the Crav. Gloss, explains wnll-een, to mean white or 
 green eyes ; and does not consider the etymology very 
 satisfactory, either in Nares or Todd. Their ideas cer- 
 tainly are at variance with the Northern signification of 
 the word. Grose defines it, " an eye with little or no 
 sight, all white like a plaistered wall." 
 
 Wallop, to move quickly and with much agitation of the body 
 or clothes. Tent, waf-oppe. — Walloping, a slatternly 
 manner. 
 
 Wallow, insipid. See Welsh. 
 
 Wallup, v. to beat. " Aui'liuallup i/nhy — Wallup, s. a blow. 
 
 W^AME, Weam, Weirie, the stomach, the belly. Mce.-Got. 
 ivamha, uterus. Sax. wamh, venter. 
 
 Wan, a corruption of wand. " A yard-wan." — " A ini/l-zvan.'" 
 
 Wandy, long and flexible ; like a tvand. 
 
 Wang-tooth, dens molaris. Pure Sax. Before the use of 
 seals in England, according to Verstegan, persons passing 
 deeds bit the wax with the ii<ang-tooth. 
 
 Wankle, Wankelly, uncertain ; as ivankle or luankelh/ wea- 
 ther. Sax. wanel, instabilis, vacillans. Germ, ivankcn, to 
 change. It also means, weak, loose. 
 
 War, worse. Sax. wcerra. A Spenserian word. " War 
 and war" — worse and worse. 
 
 Warble, a sort of worm in cattle. 1\ Jam. 
 
 War-day, every day in the week except Sunday. Wor/ci7ig- 
 day. " Sunday and war-day" 
 
 War, beware. " War below." Sax. warian, cavere. 
 
 Ware, v. to expend or lay out money ; originally, perhaps, on 
 wai'es. 
 
 Ware, 5. sea-weed. Sax. war, alga marina. 
 
 Ware, s. delf. " White ware." — " Brown ware." 
 
 Wark, v. to ache. " Maw heed luarks." — Wark, s. a pain or 
 ache. " The belly warh." Sax. ivarc, dolor.
 
 WAX 229 
 
 Wark, v. to work. " He can neither «y//7. nor want." — 
 Wark-folks, labourers. 
 
 Warm, to beat. " Aw^/ warm yor liidc^ 
 
 Warn, Warnd, to warrant. " Aws warnd him." 
 
 Warp, to open. A hen is said to warp when she lajs. Sax. 
 awarpan, ejicere. 
 
 Warse, worse. " Warse and tvarse." Moe.-Got. toairs. 
 Chaucer uses werse. — Warst, the worst. 
 
 Warsen, to grow worse. " He warsen^d sadly." 
 
 Waisting, a consumption, a decline. 
 
 Wa't, indeed. " Wdt is't" — indeed it is. 
 
 Watching on St. Mark's Eve. Young rustics will sometimes 
 watch, or at least pretend to watch, through the night in 
 the church porch, with a view of seeing the ghosts of all 
 those who are to die the next year, pass by them ; which 
 they are said to do in their usual dress. The persons 
 making, or supjiosed to have made, this vigil, ai'e a terror 
 to the neighbourhood. On the least offence they are apt, 
 by significant looks or hints, to insinuate to the credulous 
 the speedy death of some valued friend or relative. — 
 Some of the young girls too follow the ancient method of 
 sowing hemp-seed; while others prepare the dintib cake 
 with ingredients traditionally suggested in witching dog- 
 grel. 
 
 Wath, Warth, a water-ford. Sax. ivadaii, vadere. 
 
 Wattles, teat like excrescences that hang from the cheeks of 
 some swine, as well as the meanings assigned in Todd's 
 John. 
 
 Waw, Wo, a wall. — iVo/-///. — Wo(iH, Lane, an^l York. Sax. 
 wak. 
 
 Wax, to grow. In general use. — Waxen, growing. Dut. 
 wassing. "Hoot vinn! He's just a half-wax d lad .' It's 
 sartin hc\s geften the waxen chnrncls."
 
 230 WAX 
 
 Wax-end, the waxed thread used by cordwainers, 
 
 Wea, Weha, oppressed with woe, sorrowful. Sax. wa, afflic- 
 tus. " I am weha for you" — 1 pity you. " I am weha for 
 your loss" — I am distressed at your loss. 
 
 Weaky, juicy, moist, watery. V. Jam. tvak. 
 
 Weary, vexatious, troublesome. " A tueary fellow." — " A 
 weary bairn." — " Oh J she's a iveary body." Sax. iveerig, 
 infestus. 
 
 Weather-gall, a phenomenon something like a second rain- 
 bow — said to indicate bad weather. Germ, luasssergalle. 
 V. Nares' Gloss. Water-gall. 
 
 Weather-gleam, clear sky near the horizon — spoken of ob- 
 jects seen on the ridge of a lofty hill, so as to appear as if 
 in the sky. In this situation, as Dr. Willan observes, a 
 man looks gigantic ; he seems to tread on air, and to be 
 clad with radiance, like one of Ossian's departed heroes. 
 Sax. waeder, coelum, and gleam, splendor. 
 
 Webster, or Wabster, a weaver. Sax. luebhestre, textrix, a 
 female weaver. The use of this term, as remarked by Dr. 
 Jam. indicates that, among our forefathers, the work of 
 weaving was appropriated to women. This, it is well 
 known, was the case among the Greeks and other ancient 
 nations, who considered it an employment unworthy of 
 the dignity of man. 
 
 Wee, little, small. " A ivcc bit."—" A little wee thing." V. 
 Jam. 
 
 A little xvcc face with a little yellow beard. 
 
 Stialc. Merry Wives of Wiiidwr. 
 
 Weens, children. Little ones. " How are the weens?" 
 Weel, well. — Weel-te-dee, well to do — living comfort- 
 ably.
 
 WERR 231 
 
 Weei^sum-oa ! interjec. a blessing on j'ou. 
 
 Weel's-mon-thee ! God bless you. 
 
 Weet, v. to rain, to wet. — Weet, s. slight rain. Sax. ivceta, 
 humiditas. Chaucer uses wete, v. and a. 
 
 Weeze, a circular roll of straw, wool, or other soft substance, 
 for protecting the head under the pressure of a load or 
 burthen. Probably from Teut. wane, csespes; or it may 
 be from case. Brand thinks it a corruption of ivisj), 
 
 Welk, to dry, to wither. V. Todd's John. 
 
 Well, to weld. Sw. tvella. Sax. wellen, to be very hot. . 
 
 Welly, ver^' near — a contraction of well nigh. 
 
 Welsh, insipid. Teut. gaelsch. Welsh and wallow are sy- 
 nonyma. Broth and water, and pottage without salt, are 
 luallow or welsh. A person whose face has a raw, pale, 
 and unhealthy look — whom a keen frosty morning pinches, 
 and to whom it gives an appearance of misery and poverty 
 — has a welsh and walloiv face. A welsh day, is the same 
 as a sleety day, when it is neither thaw nor frost : but a 
 wallow day is when a cold, strong and hollow wind pre- 
 vails. Wallow, applied to the state of the weather, is per- 
 haps only applicable in a rugged and mountainous country. 
 
 Welter, to reel or stagger. Teut. wcltcren, volutare. 
 
 Wend, to go. Sax. ivendan. Not obsolete, as stated by Di*. 
 Johnson. 
 
 Went, for gone. Frequent in the North, as well as among 
 the Cockneys. V. Pegge's Anecd. Eng. Lang. p. 233. 
 
 Went, Wented, applied to milk when it has been kept till it 
 be approaching to soiu-ness. 
 
 Werrit, to teaze. If a person, extremely ill, were impor- 
 tuned to any measure to which lie felt reluctant or con- 
 trary to his inclination, he would request not to be wer- 
 lited so much about it.
 
 232 ' WESH 
 
 Wesh, v. to wash. — Wesh, s. stale urine, sometimes used in 
 washing. Teut. ivasch, lotura. 
 
 Wet-hand, a drunken person ; very properly termed by 
 Bewick (Fables of Jisop, p. 138), " an old filtering stone." 
 
 Whack, v. to strike, to beat. A variation of thwack. 
 
 Whack;, s. appetite. " What a whack he's got." 
 
 Whacker, v. to tremble, to quake. — Whackering, trembling. 
 
 Whacker, s. a lie. — Whapper, the same. Both in a meta- 
 phorical sense. 
 
 Whang, v. to flog, or chastise with a thong. — Whang, 
 Whyeng, s a leather-thong. 
 
 Whang, a thick or large piece of any thing eatable ; especially 
 bread or cheese. 
 
 Whanging^fellow, a stout lusty person. 
 
 Whap, v. to beat soundly. — Whap, s. a knock-down blow. 
 
 Whapper, any thing uncommonly large. In many instances, 
 as remarked by Dr. Willan, our forefathers seem to have 
 estimated weights and magnitudes by the force of their 
 blows. Thus, they employed in gradation the terms slap- 
 per, smacker, banger, thumper, thwacker, swinger, and 
 rattler. The word bumper, concerning which so much has 
 been said and surmised, the Doctor thinks is not of a more 
 exalted origin than what is here stated. 
 
 Whatsomivver, however, whatever. ' 
 
 Whatten, what kind of, what. " Whatten o'clock is^t ?" 
 
 Whaup, a curlew. Scohpax arquata. — Linnaeus. 
 
 Wh.\zle, Wheezle, v. to draw the breath with difficulty. 
 Su.-Got. hwaesa. — Whazle, s. an indication of asthma. 
 
 Whe, who. " Whe's there." " Whe was we yah." 
 
 Wheam, smooth, sheltered, impervious to the wind. Perhaps, 
 as suggested to uie by a skilful etymologist, a coriTuption 
 of Holm.
 
 WHIL 233 
 
 Whean, to coax, to flatter. " What a wheanhig way she hez." 
 
 Whklk, a thump or blow, the noise made by the falling of any 
 thing heavy. 
 
 Whemmkl, or WiiAMMEL, to turn upside down, to tumble over. 
 Tent, wemelcn, frequenter et leviter movere. 
 
 WriET, WniT, WniTK, to cut with a knife. " Whiting sticlcs." 
 Whittle-te-whet, to sharpen, to set an edge on. 
 
 Whetstone, a prize for lying. V. Brand's Pop. Antiq. vol. i. 
 p. 4'29, & seq. and Nares' Gloss. In the former work 
 is mentioned a custom, now I think obsolete, among the 
 colliers at Newcastle, of giving a jtin to a person in com- 
 pany by way of hinting to him that he is Jibbing. If ano- 
 ther pitman outlie him, he in turn delivers the pin to him. 
 No duels ever ensued on the occasion. 
 
 Whewt, to whistle. — Whew, or Wm k, a whistle. 
 
 Whick, quick, alive. " Whick and a live" a common expres- 
 sion in Newcastle, among certain ladies, who neither sell 
 the liest n.sh, nor speak the'' plainest English. 
 
 Vv'niCKS, plants or slips of the white thorn. " A ivhicJc-\\eAge" 
 — .a quickset-hedge. 
 
 Whickens, couch grass, a general name for creeping weeds. — 
 WhickeninG, plucking them up. 
 
 Whidder, Whither, to shake, to quake, to shiver ; hence a 
 whither oi cold, a shivering cold. " All in a whither" — all 
 in a tremble. 
 
 Whiew, to fly hastily, to make great speed. 
 
 Whiff, a transient view. In a ivhiff, in a short time. 
 
 AVhig, sour whey. Sax. hivceg, serum. — Whiggenn'd-whev, 
 a pleasant liquor made 1)}' infusing various aromatic herbs 
 in whey, and suffering it to undergo a fermentation. 
 
 While, until. " Stay 7i'hi/e t come back." Nares quotes 
 several examples for this misuse of the word. 
 
 G G
 
 234 WHIL 
 
 Whilk, which. Sax. Inuilc. Dan. InnUce. Chancer uses 
 whilke. 
 
 Whilt, an indolent person. " An idle whilt." 
 
 Whingeing, whining, sobbing or crj'iug peevishly. Sn.-Got. 
 wenga, plorare. 
 
 Whinnerneb, a meagre, thin faced person, with a sharp nose. 
 Grose, following Ray, says, perhaps from some bird that 
 feeds, or is bred among whiiia ; but I think it is more likely 
 from Welsh, wtjneb, a face, a visage. 
 
 Whins, gorse or furze. An old word. 
 
 Whipper and Hougher, an officer of the Corporation, New- 
 castle. See Hougher. 
 
 Whipper-snapper, a diminutive, insignificant person. 
 
 Whisht ! hush ! |ip silent. " Whisht ! dinna mack sic a 
 noise." This vulgaiism, if such it be, is not without an- 
 cient authority, being used by Latimer and others. 
 
 Whisket, or WisKiT, a sort of basket. V. Nares' Gloss. 
 
 Whissontide, Whitsuntide. — Whisson-Sund ay, Whitsunday. 
 
 Whistle, " the mouth ; the organ of whistling," says John- 
 son ; quoting Walton's Angler. 
 
 Let's drink the other cup to wet our xvh'istles, and so 
 sing away all sad thoughts. 
 
 Here whistle sm-ely means the throat. In the North, to 
 wet one''s ivhisile is a common phrase for, to take a good 
 drink ; and, without charging the amiable old Izaac with 
 tippling, that, in all probability, was his meaning. Indeed, 
 its use in this sense is very ancient. 
 
 I victe my whystcll as good drinkers do. — Palsgrave. 
 
 White, to requite. " God while you 1" V. Ray. 
 Whiteheft, flattery. " Whitchcft o" Limmm"
 
 WHIT 235 
 
 White-herring, a pickled, and 7iot a fresh herring — with all 
 due deference to Archdeacon Nares. See his Glossai-y, 
 where it is stated, in regard to Stevens's explanation (simi- 
 lar to my own) and his reference to the Korthumhcrland 
 Household Book, that " there tltree are ordered for a young 
 lord or lady's breakfast, and/oi(?- for my lord's, which no 
 lord or lady could jwssibly cat." This may be quite true ; 
 but what does it prove ? From Bishop Percy's preface to 
 the North. Household Book, it appears that the Earl was a 
 nobleman of great magnificence and taste ; and consider- 
 ing the splendid establishment detailed in that curious me- 
 morial of the olden time, more white herrings might be pro- 
 vided " for a young lord or lady's breakfast," as well as 
 " for my lord's," than they actually did, or cotdd possibly 
 eat" 
 
 White-nee'd-craw, a rook ; the carrion crow being called the 
 black neUd craw. 
 
 Whitling, a species of trout, the history of which is very lit- 
 tle known. They are frequently taken in the river T3'ne ; 
 but like the brandling and the salmon-smell, always with- 
 out spawn. In some parts they are called whitings, and 
 are generally supposed at last to become salmon. Sw. 
 hwitling, a whiting. 
 
 Whittee-whatteeing, speaking low and privately — whisper- 
 ing between two persons, to the exclusion of a third — also 
 indecision, or procrastination, on frivolous pretences. 
 
 Whittle, a knife; generally a clasj)-kinfe. Sax. u'hytel. 
 " An harden sark, a guse grassing, and a ivhittle gait" 
 were all the salary of a clergyman, not many years ago, in 
 Cumberland ; in other words, his entke stipend consisted 
 of a shirt of coarse linen, the right of commoning geese, 
 and the privilege of using a knife and fork at the table of 
 his parishioners.
 
 236 WHIZ 
 
 Whiz, to hiss like hot iron in water. See Fizz. 
 
 Whizzer, a falsehood. More wind than truth. 
 
 Whussel, a corruption of whistle. — Whusskl-wood, the 
 
 alder and plane-tree ; used by boys in making whistles. 
 Whctherin, Whuthering, a throbbing or palpitation at the 
 heart. " De'il swell tha ! ThoiC & maed me heaurt aa tohu- 
 ther agen .'" 
 
 Why, or Quey, the same as Heifer ; which see. Dan. quie. 
 — Why, or Quey-calf, a cow-calf. 
 
 Whyllymer, a species of cheese remarkable for its poverty. 
 In a note to Anderson's Ballads, its surface is said to be 
 so hard, that it frequently bids defiance to the keenest 
 edge of a Cumbrian gully, and its interior substance so very 
 tough, that it affords rather occupation to the teeth of a 
 rustic than nourishment to his body, making his hour of 
 repast the severest part of his day's labour. 
 
 Widdersful, laboriously endeavouring, actively striving. 
 
 WiDDEY, a tough band made of oziers, partially dried in the 
 fire ; used for many agricultm'al purposes. The iron ring, 
 uniting the band of a cow and the post to which she is 
 tied, is, in some places, still called a widdey, from its having 
 been made of oziers before the common use of iron. " As 
 tough as a widdey." The word seems evidently related to 
 willow. Old Eng. withey. Sax, withig. 
 
 WiDDLE, to fret. V. Jam. ividdill. 
 
 Wide-coat, an upper or great coat. 
 
 Wife, a woman, whether married or not, " An apple wife." 
 — " A fish wifer — " A tripe wife." Sax, wif mulier, foe- 
 niina. 
 
 Wig, a cake or bun. " A plain wig." — " A spice ivig." Teut. 
 wegghe, panis triticeus. 
 
 Wiggle-waggle, a tremulous undulating motiotu See 
 Wabble,
 
 WIND 237 
 
 WinHTY, strong and active. V. Totld's John, mig/ii. 
 
 WiKE, Wkker, a mark used in setting out tithes ; generally 
 a small branch of a tree. 
 
 WiKs, Wicks, corners ; as the wih of the mouth. Su.-Got. 
 u'i/c, angulus. 
 
 Will, for shall; and Would, for should ; passim " The North 
 CouNTREYE." The Northumbrian gentry disrelish any 
 admonition of these inveterate errors in language. Such 
 mistakes, however, are incorrigible, both in them and in 
 their neighbours, the Scots. Even such writers as Blair 
 and Robertson are not always exempt from this disfigure- 
 ment. 
 
 Willey-Wand, a stem of the willow. Sax. wellg, and wand. 
 " A mere wille^-wand" — often applied to a tall, thin 
 person. 
 
 Win, to dry hay by exposing it to the air, to get in harvest 
 generally. Sax. ivindivian, ventilare. Teut. winnen, col- 
 ligere fructus terrae. " Well won hay." 
 
 Yt felle abowght the Lamasse t^'de, 
 
 'VA''han husbonds •uynn ther have. 
 The dowghtve Dowglasse bowynd livm to ryde, 
 In Ynglond to take a praye. 
 
 Battle of Ottcrhournc. 
 Win, to raise, to get ; as coals from a mine, or stones from a 
 quarry. Sax. winnan ; Su.-Got. iviniui, laborare, labore 
 acquu'ere. 
 Winder, v. to winnow. — Winder, s. a window. V. Crav. 
 
 Gloss. 
 Windle, or Winnel-stree, a long kind of bent grass. Sax. 
 
 windel-strcowe. 
 Windy, noisy, verbose, marvellous in narration. " A ivmdi/ 
 hash." — " Chow, Low, and Windy Jncli.'"
 
 238 WINK 
 
 Winkers, the eyes. " Maw ivinkers to dazzled 
 
 WiNNA, WiNNOT, will not. " He lu'mna did" — " He ivinnot 
 come." 
 
 Winsome, Wunsome, livel}-, cheerful, gay. Sax. tvinsuvi. 
 
 Winter, an instrument of iron hung against the bars of a fire 
 place, used to heat smoothing irons upon. 
 
 WiRDLE, to perform any thing laboriously and slowly. 
 
 Wise, to shew or direct. — North. Sax. wisian, monstrare. 
 " Wise him in," — " Wise him out." — " Wise the door open." 
 It also means, to insinuate, to work into ; as to wise into 
 company or into favour; that is, to do it cunningly. 
 
 W^isE, to let go. " Wise off that i-ope there." 
 
 Wise-like, possessing the appearance of wisdom or propriety. 
 Sax. wis-lic, sapiens, prudens. 
 
 Wise-man, a periphrasis for a conjurer, or wizard. Wretches 
 of this description ai'e still, I fear, occasionally consulted. 
 
 WisHY-wAsiiv, poor looking, weak, not to the point. 
 
 Wit, Wite, Wyte, v. to know. jMce.-Got. and Sax. ititayi. 
 Su.-Got. weta, scire. " Wyte onH" — sure of it. " Fll 
 ne'er let wit" — I'll not inform, or I'll keep it secret. 
 
 Wit, s. intelligence, information. Pure Saxon. " He got 
 mt" — he obtained intelligence. " Don't let wit" — don't 
 give any information. 
 
 Wite, blame, imputation. A Chaucerian word, used by 
 Spenser. Sax. ivitan, imputare. Su.-Got. tvite, poena. 
 
 Wttte-w ITTE-WAY, a game among boys — which I do not re- 
 member in the South. 
 
 Wiv, with. — North, and Dur. Wi,' — Vor/c. 
 
 WizzEXED, WizzENT, dry, parched, withered, wrinkled, shri- 
 velled. Sax. u'isnian, arescere. 
 
 WoAD, mad, furious. Sax. wod, inianus, fuiiosus. Wotle oc- 
 curs se\ eral times in Chaucer.
 
 WORM 239 
 
 WoMSlEL, or WuMBi.E, an auger. From wimble. 
 
 Wo\, WuN, to dwell, to haunt or frequent. Not obsolete, as 
 stated by Ash ; being common in Cumb. and Lane. Sax. 
 wonian, wunian. Teut. woonen, habitare. Cornish, won- 
 nen, to stay, to tarry. 
 
 Woo, wool. A common pronunciation in many places. 
 
 WoR, our. — WoRSELLs, ourselvcs. 
 
 Word. To take one's word again, to retract, to change one's 
 mind. 
 
 WoUiM, a serpent of great magnitude, a hideous monster in 
 the shape of a worm or dragon. Popular tradition has 
 handed down to us, through successive generations, with 
 very little variation, the most romantic details of the ra- 
 vages committed by these all devouring worms, and of the 
 valour and chivalry displayed by their destroyers. With- 
 out attempting to account for the origin of such tales, or 
 pretending in any manner, to vouch for the matters of fact 
 contained in them, it cannot be disguised, that many of the 
 inhabitants of the County of Durham in particular, still 
 implicitly believe In these ancient superstitions. The JVvdh 
 of Lambton is a family legend, the authenticity of which 
 they will not allow to be questioned. Various adventures 
 and supernatural incidents have been transmitted from 
 father to son, illustrating the devastation occasioned, and 
 the miseries inflicted by the monster — and marking the 
 self-devotion of the Knight of the Lambton family, through 
 whose intrepidity the worm was eventually destroyed. — 
 But the lapse of centuries has so completely enveloped in 
 obscm'ity the particular details, that it is impossible to give 
 a narration which could in any degree be considered as 
 complete. The story related in the recent, splendid, 
 and elaborate History of Durham is incorrect in many
 
 240 WORM 
 
 particulars. Those parts which alhide to the profane fishing 
 on a Sunday, and the consequences resulting from it, are 
 mere modern disfigurements of the original tradition, ut- 
 terly at variance with the state of the times — amusements 
 on the Sabbath, in those days, when Catholicism prevailed, 
 not being regarded as an act of profaneness. A conical 
 hill is still shewn on the banks of the Wear, about two 
 miles from Lambton, which from time immemorial has 
 been called the Worm Hill, and round which the serpent 
 is said to have coiled itself. 
 
 WoRMiT, worm-wood. The tvormit-Mll, in High Friar Chare, 
 Newcastle ; now removed. 
 
 WoKRV, to eat voraciously, to choak, to suffocate. V. Ray. 
 
 Wou, the worst kind of sunpes. " ThaVs sorri/ won — real rot 
 gut" The word is also applied to weak tea, or any very 
 worthless liquor. " Farthing wou." 
 
 WaAf'K, or Wrackrider, another name for the same species 
 of trout as the brandling, which see. It is faintly barred 
 or branded down the sides. 
 
 Wrang, wrong. Piu-e Saxon. — Wrangsly, falsely. 
 
 Wrat, Wratten, a wart. Dut. and Sc. wrat. 
 
 WRECKLiN(i, an unhealthy feeble child — the youngest or weak- 
 est of the breed among animals — the smallest bird in the 
 nest — any ill-grown creature. See Dowpy. 
 
 Wridden, or Wreeden, cross, ill-natured ; applied in particu- 
 lar to children. 
 
 Wrout, to bore, to dig up like a hog. Sax. wrolan, subigere. 
 Chaucer has wrote. 
 
 WuD, with, — Climb. " God be umdher" — God rest her suul. 
 
 Wye, well, yes. — Wve — Wye, very well ; yes, yes, A com- 
 mon expression of assent. Fr. oui. 
 
 Wylecoat, an under-vest ; generylly of flannel.
 
 YAUP 241 
 
 Wyllebient, or Wullement, a pale, sickly looking person. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yad, Yawd, a worn out cart horse — an old mare. Jade. 
 Yaitings, Yeatings, single sheaves of corn ; especially of 
 
 oats. 
 Yaits, Yets, oats. " A poke o' yets." See the last article. 
 Yammer, to complain, to whine. Germ, jammern. — Yam- 
 mering, making a continual noise ; such as proceeds from 
 contentious women, or from fretful and peevish children. 
 The word, indeed, stands for a very complex idea, into 
 which enters a combination of habitual fretfulness, discon- 
 tent, brawling, and anger. 
 
 Come, dinna, dinna whinge an' whipe. 
 Like yawmerwff Isbel Macky. 
 
 Song, Boh Crankij^s Adieu. 
 
 Yan, Yen, one. — Yan^ce, Yence, once. 
 
 Yansell, Yensell, one's self. 
 
 Yap, apt, quick. Sax. gep, astutus. In Peirs Ploughman I 
 find yep, which Dr. Whitaker considers of the same origin, 
 and explains in the sense of alert and vigorous. 
 
 Yap, Yep, an opprobrious epithet. " A twea-faccd yep." — 
 " Had yor tongne yah yep." 
 
 Yark, or Yerk, to wrench or twist forcibly. 
 
 Yark, to beat soundly. Isl. hreckia, pulsare. A favourite 
 word among the vulgar. " AwU yark yak, yah dirty bas- 
 tard yah; aw've had mairfash wahyee nor a' the bairns aw 
 ever had, in aw me life; there's ne sic thing as leeving 
 for yah .'" 
 
 Yauping, crying, lamenting. Teut. galpen, gannire instar 
 vulpis. Kilian. 
 
 H h
 
 242 YE AT 
 
 Yeather, a flexible twig used for binding hedges. 
 Yebble, able. " As long as u^ar ycbble." 
 Yeblins, Yeablesea, Yebblesee, perhaps. See Ablins, 
 Yell, ale. Sax. ecde. — Yell-house, an ale-house. — Yell- 
 wife, the lady of " mine host," a hostess in her own 
 
 right. 
 Yellow-yowley, Yold-ring, the yellow bunting. Emberiza 
 
 citrinella. — Linnasus. A vulgar prejudice exists in Scotland 
 
 against this bird. V. Jam. yeldring. 
 Yelp, to cry out in a loud manner; as it were like a dog. — 
 
 Yelping, shouting. 
 Yearth, Yeorth, a common pronunciation of earth. 
 Yerning, rennet. Germ, gerinnen, to coagulate. A plant 
 
 used in North Tindale to curdle milk for cheese is called 
 
 yerning grass. See Keslip. 
 Yet, Yete, Yat, a gate. Both Chaucer and Spenser use 
 
 yate. — Yet-stoop, a gate post. 
 Yetling, a small pan or boiler. So called, I suppose, from 
 
 being made of cast metal. V. Jam. yetland. 
 Yeuk, v. to itch. Tiut. jeuken. — Yeuk, s. a cutaneous disease 
 
 — jocosely denominated the plague of Scotland. 
 YissERDAY, yesterday. — Yisserneet, yesternight. 
 Yor, your. — Yor-sell, yourself. 
 You, YowE, a ewe. Sex. eoive, ovis fcemina. 
 YouL, Yowl, to cry, to howl. Isl. gola, ululare. 
 Youngster, a novitiate in any thing. 
 
 Youth, in the sense of vigorous age. " He's a fine old youth." 
 Yure, the udder of a cow. Dut. uijer. 
 Yule, Yull, the festival of Christmas — the winter solstice of 
 
 the Northern nations. V. Ihre, jul. — Jam. ytde — and 
 
 Brand's Pop. Antiq, vol. i. p. 364.
 
 YULE 243 
 
 Yule-clog, or Yull-cloo, a large Mock or log of wood laid 
 on the fire on Christmas Eve ; and, if possible, kept 
 burning all the following day, or longer, A portion of the 
 old clog of the preceding year is somethnes saved to light 
 up the new block at the next Christmas, and to preserve 
 the family from harm in the mean time. Many, otherwise 
 sensible, persons, though ashamed to admit their belief in 
 these ridiculous notions, would be uncomfortable, did they 
 entirely neglect them. 
 
 Come bring, with a noise, 
 My merrie, merrie boys, 
 
 The Christmas Log to the firing ; 
 While my good Dame she 
 Bids ye all be free, 
 
 And di-ink to your heart's desiring. 
 
 Herrkk, Ceremonies for Christmasse. 
 
 Part must be kept wherewith to teend, 
 
 The Christmas Log next yeare ; 
 And where 'tis safely kept, the Fiend 
 
 Can do no mischiefe (there). 
 
 Herrick, Ceremonies for Candlemasse Day. 
 
 Yule-dough, or Yull-doo, a little image of paste, studded 
 with currants ; baked for children at Christmas ; intended 
 originally, perhaps, for a figure of the Child Jesus, with the 
 Virgin Mary. V. Ihre, Julbrod — and Brand's Pop, Antiq. 
 vol, i. p, 410.
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 P. il, line b from bottom, for adlean read adlian. 
 
 P. 8, line 2 from bottom, for Allum read Alum. 
 
 P. 34, line 9, for two read too. 
 
 P. 64, bottom line, for eelr read air. 
 
 P. 67, line 9 from bottom, for footseps read footsteps. 
 
 P. 71, line 11, for Spencer read Spenser. 
 
 P. 88, line 2 from bottom, for opprobious read opprobrious. 
 
 P. 100, line 10 from bottom, for woman read women. 
 
 P. 159, line 12, for anowse read 7iowse, 
 
 P. 170, line 9 from bottom, for alliterate read alliterative. 
 
 P. 175, line 14, for iejzeread ieaze. 
 
 P. 176, line 2 from bottom, for toise read wos'se. 
 
 P. 185, line 13, for substitue read substittite. 
 
 P. 220, line 4 from bottom, after tuam insert empty. 
 
 Newcastle : Printed by 
 T. & J. Hodgson, Union- Street.
 
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