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English Classics, 
 
 KOH 
 
 Classes /;; English Literature, Reading, Grammar, etc 
 
 Par 
 
 Essay c 
 Clitics 
 94 page 
 
 The 
 
 Shakes 
 John— 
 VI— K; 
 Cflcsar- 
 Gramm 
 16mo, < 
 
 The 
 
 TheTe 
 Introdt 
 Index ( 
 112 pp. 
 
 An 
 
 Gramir 
 
 Sha 
 
 ICE, JC 
 
 Notes, 
 
 BUAINI 
 
 Literati 
 author 
 ature," 
 in Engl 
 The. 
 mixed 
 offensi^ 
 meots ( 
 Englisl 
 ediiion^ 
 
 EDUCATION DEPT. 
 
 on's Life — 
 esuKnown 
 h, flexible. 
 
 le Plays of 
 3 It— King 
 Ling Henry 
 da — Julius 
 and Notes, 
 . 160 pp., 
 
 r Chaucer, 
 he Author. 
 Notes, and 
 
 £BY, M. D. 
 
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 CST. With 
 cted). By 
 linage and 
 litule, and 
 glish Litcr- 
 ed Lessons 
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 mine these 
 Doth of the 
 
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 largo type, bound in a very attractive cloth bindimr. and sold at nearly 
 one-half the price of other School Eilitions of Shakespeare. 
 
 CLARK a MAYNARD, PUBLISHERS, 
 
 734 Broadway, New Tork. 
 
 ItVtll UVCkCl 
 
 , , - , , ntinpieu to tiu; wanis. 
 
 teacher and student, than any other editions published. 
 
• -^ i njj: 
 
 English Classics, 
 
 ron 
 
 Classes in English Literature, Reading, Grammar, etc. 
 
 EDITED BY EMINENT ENGIilSH AND AJflERICAN SCHOLARS. I 
 
 Each Volume contains a Sketch of the Author's Life, Prefatory and 
 C'/.-' .' > Explanatory Notes, etc., etc. 
 
 These Volumes are thoroiig-hly adapted for Schools in which English Lit- 
 erature forms a branch of study, or where a carefully-selected portion of some 
 Engrlish Classic is selected for minute examination, or for supplementary read- 
 ing matter. The notes are unusually full and exhaustive, occupying in many 
 volumes nearly half the book. Etjnnolog-y Is attended to through out. the 
 derivations of all the more difficult words being given. In short they supply 
 the student with all the information necessary to a perfect understanding . 
 and just appreciation of the text, and incidentally communicate much useful 
 
 ?ihilological and general knowledge. They are all well printed, on fine paper, 
 rom large type, and are attractively bound with paper covers. 
 1 ByTon'a Prophecy of Dante . (Cantos I. and II.) 
 9 Miltoii'8 L'Alle^ro an<l II Pcnseroso. 
 S Iiortl Hncou's Esgays, Civil and Moral. (S«]ected.) 
 At Byron's Prisoner of Cliillon. 
 
 5 Moore's Fire-Worshippers. (Lalla Rookh. Selected from Parrs X and K.) 
 
 6 Goldsmith's Deserted Villase. 
 
 7 Scott's Marmion. (Selections from Canto VI.) 
 
 8 Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel. (Introduction and Canto I 
 
 9 Burns' Cotter's Saturday Night, and Other Poems. 
 
 10 Crabbe's The Village. 
 
 11 Campbell's Pleasures of Hope. (Ahridjrment of Part I.) 
 la Macaulny's Essay on Buiiyan's Pilgrim's Progress. 
 13 Macaulay's Armada, and Other Poems. 
 
 14: Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice. (Seleetions from Acts I. .III. andlV.) 
 
 15 Goldsmith's Traveller. 
 
 16 Hogg's Q,iieen'a Walce. 
 
 17 Coleridge's Ancient Mariner. "' 
 
 18 Addison's Sir Roger I>e Coverley. ' 
 
 19 Gray's Elegy in a Country Cliurchyard. 
 
 30 Scott's Lady of the Lake. (Canto I.) 
 
 31 Shakespeare's As You Like It, etc. (St'lections.) 
 
 33 Shakespeare's King John and King Richard II. (Selection?.) 
 33 Sliakespeare's King Henry IV., King Henry V., King Henry 
 
 Vi. (Selections.) 
 34: Shakespeare's Henry VIII., and JTulius Ciesar. (Selection*.) 
 
 35 Wordsworth's Excursion. (Book 1.) 
 86 Pope's Essay on Criticism. 
 
 »7 Spenser's Faerie Q,ueeMe. (Cantos I. and U.) 
 
 38 Cowper'a Task. (Book I.) 
 
 39 Milton's Comns. 
 
 30 Tennyson's Enoch Arden. 
 
 3 1 Irving's Sketch Book. vSelection?.) 
 
 33 Dickens' Christmas Carol. (Condensed.) 
 
 33 Carlyle's Hero as a Phrophet. 
 
 34: Macaulay's Warren Hastings. (Condensed.) 
 
 3 5 Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield. (Condensed.) 
 
 36 Tennyson's The Two Voices and A Dream of Fair Women. 
 
 37 Memory Q,uotations. 
 3 8 Cavalier Poets. 
 
 39 Dryden's Alexander's Feast and McFlecknoe. 
 
 40 Keats' The Eve of St. Agnes. 
 
 From 32 to 48 Pages each, 18mo. Othex^ in Preparation. 
 
 * PUBLISHED Br * 
 
 CLARK k MAYNARD, 734 Broadway, New York. 
 
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Word Lesson>s. 
 
 A COMPLETE SPELLER 
 
 ADAPTED FOR USE IN 
 
 The Higher Primary, Intermediate, and 
 Grammar Grades. 
 
 Designed to teach the correct Spelling, Pronunciation, and 
 Use of such words only as are most common in current 
 literature, and as are most likely to be Misspelled, 
 Mispronounced, or Misused, and to awaken 
 new interest in the study of Syn- 
 onyms and of Word- Analysis. 
 
 By ALONZO KEED, A.M., 
 
 JOINT AUTHOR OF "GRADED LESSONS IN ENGLISH" AND 
 '•HIGHER LESSONS IN ENGLISH." 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 Clark & Maynard, Publishers, 
 
 734 Broadway. 
 
 1884. 
 
EDUCATION DEPT. ^Kl^'^'^ 
 
 Langx^age Lessons: Grammar— Compositioni\^ ^ 
 
 A COM;PLEXE, COURSE IN TWO BOOKS ONLY. ^ \j^ 
 
 ■ ;> ' { 
 
 The Best and the Cheapest. 
 
 I. Graded Lessons in English.— An Elementaky English 
 (jriiAMMAK, Consisting of One Hundred Practical Lessons, care- 
 fully graded and adapted to the class-room. 164 pages, 16mo. 
 Bound in linen. 
 
 II. Higher Lessons in English. — A Work ON English Gram- 
 mar AND Composition, in wliicli the science of the Language 
 is made tributary to the art of expression. A course of Practical 
 Lessons, carefully graded, and adapted to every-day use in the 
 school-room. 282 pages, 16mo. Bound in cloth. 
 
 ALONZO REED, A.M., & BRAINERD KELLOGG, A.M., 
 
 Instructor in English Grammar in the Professor of English Language and Literature 
 
 Brooklyn CoUe</iatc and Poly- in the Brooklyn Collegiate and Poly- 
 
 technic Institute. technic Institute. 
 
 The two books completely cover the ground of Grammar and Composition, 
 from the time tiie scholar usually begins the study until it is linished in the 
 High School or Academy. 
 
 A Text-Book on Rhetoric. — Supplementing the development of 
 the Science with exhaustive practice in Composition. A course 
 of Practical Lessons adapted for use in High Schools and Acade- 
 mies, and in the I^wer Classes of Colleges. By Brainekd 
 Kellogg, A.M., Professor of the English Language and Litera- 
 ture in the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute, and 
 one of the authors of Reed & Kellogg's "Graded Lessons in 
 English" and " Higher Lessons in English." 270 pages, 12mo. 
 
 A Text-Book on English Literature. — With copious Extracts 
 from the leading authors, English and American. With full 
 instructions as to the method in which these are to be studied. 
 Adapted for use in Colleges, High Schools, Academies, etc. By 
 BuAiNERD Kellogg, A.M., Professor of the English Language 
 and Literature in the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic. Insti- 
 tute, author of "A Text-IJook on Rhetoric," and one of the 
 authors of Reed & Kellogg's "Graded Lessons in English" and 
 " Higher I^essons in English." Handsomely printed, 12mo, 
 484 pages. 
 
 Copyright, 1884, by Alomzo Rexd. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 "Words give wings to thought." 
 
 Is the spelling-book losing ground? — it is said that nineteen- 
 twentieths of those examined for the Public Service under the compet- 
 itive system in England fail in spelling. Those placed by government 
 in control of educational affairs report, "Spelling is not. what it ought 
 to be. Text-books should be used for this subject."'^ *' What we want 
 is to teach spelling and not merely to practice spelling. " A spelling- 
 book revival in England seems to be the result. 
 
 In the foremost educational center of our own country, the experi- 
 ment of teaching spelling without the aid of a special text-book has 
 been tried with results so far from satisfactory that the spelling-book has 
 been restored. Wherever the subject of spelling has been most seriously 
 considered, a strong reaction in favor of a suitable text-book is evident. 
 
 Is there a substitute for the spelling-book ?— In the lower pri- 
 mary grades, the work of copying words and sentences from the black- 
 board and of writing exercises in connection with '* oral language-les- 
 sons" is undoubtedly far more profitable than conning the ^'primary 
 speller " as now constructed. 
 
 For the more advanced grades, copying from the reading-book, writ- 
 ing compositions, and making abstracts of daily lessons in geography, 
 history, etc., afford good practice in spelling ; but will and can the 
 average teacher, without sacrifice of the time belonging to the subject 
 matter of the ''lessons in geography, history, etc.," exercise that unre- 
 mitting vigilance in criticism, correction, and recorrection which is 
 necessary to make these "abstracts" in any measure a substitute for 
 daily exercises in the spelling, pronunciation, and use of short lists of 
 judiciously selected words ? 
 
 There are certain difficulties in spelling which are well known to be 
 common and almost universal. So far as these are found in words that 
 are, or should be, in the pupil's vocabulary, is it not more economic to 
 meet them directly and persistently than to wait for them to occur in- 
 cidentally at long intervals in the work of copying or of general compo- 
 
 M118318 
 
4 Preface. 
 
 This book was made with the conviction : — 
 
 1, That the faults of the average spelling-book could be avoided, 
 and that a book of word4es8on8 could be made so interesting and sug- 
 gestive as to become an indispensable aid in the all-important work of 
 learning to express thought correctly. 
 
 2. That the pronunciation and use of words should be taught in con- 
 nection with their spelling. 
 
 8. That, after excluding the unusual words of the " old-time speller," 
 more than one-half of the modem spelling-book words should be 
 dropped as not likely to be misspelled by the average learner. 
 
 4. That all exercises should be graded with reference to the natural 
 growth of the child's vocabulary. 
 
 5. That there should be variety in the character of the lessons and in 
 the methods of classification. 
 
 6. That the principles of association, or of comparison and contrast, 
 should be regarded in meeting such diflBculties as arise from the use of 
 different symbols for the same or similar sounds. 
 
 7. That the "homonyms" are among the most useful and most 
 troublesome words in the language.* 
 
 8. That, as the child is likely to carry through life what is copied or 
 repeated from school books, illustrative sentences should, as far as pos- 
 sible, present the richest thoughts and the choicest gems of expression 
 that can be gathered from literature. 
 
 0. That pupils in the common school should be so introduced to the 
 study of word-analysis that they will be encouraged to consult the dic- 
 tionary for the derivation of words, and to trace the links connecting 
 the original with the current meaning. f 
 
 10. That there is no more valuable intellectual discipline than the 
 study of syoonyms, and that a series of lessons may be so presented as 
 to lead the pupil almost unconsciously into the habit of weighing 
 words and making nice, yet sound, distinctions.^ 
 
 • See pp. 15, 18, etc. (For the genet al plan of these cDlptlcal exercises we are in- 
 debtod to tbo " Koyal School Seriee.") t See pp. 1(53, 104, etc. t See pp. 158, 167, etc 
 
Methods of TEACHma Spelling. 
 
 Spelling is chiefly a habit of the eye, and is of practical use only in 
 "writing. The pupil should therefore be trained to see word-forms 
 correctly and to reproduce them on the slate or on paper till correct 
 writing becomes easy and natural. The large, clear type, the open 
 page, and the variety of exercises in this book are designed to this 
 end. 
 
 For the lower grades, copying the choice selections found in the fol- 
 lowing pages will afford excellent practice in spelling, and in the use of 
 capital letters and punctuation marks; but such exercises should be sub- 
 jected to rigid examination, and no careless work should be accepted. 
 
 In assigning a lesson the teacher should see that the pupUs are able 
 to pronounce all the words correctly, and that they know something of 
 the use of each word. The following lessons are so arranged as to pre- 
 sent a thorough and carefully graded course in the principles of pro- 
 nunciation without defacing the page or confusing the eye to any con- 
 siderable extent with diacritical marks. The spelling, pronunciation, 
 and use of words are so associated that they can better be taught to- 
 gether than separately. Pupils should be required to illustrate the use 
 of all words except names* grouped topically. 
 
 The usual method of dictating written exercises in spelling is a good 
 one. The teacher pronounces the words, which the pupils write on their 
 slates or in their blank-books. Slates are then exchanged, and the 
 teacher or one of the pupils gives the correct spelling of each word, 
 while every pupil checks the mistakes found on the slate which he 
 holds. The slates are then returned, the number of errors reported, and 
 corrections made by rewriting the words in a separate column. 
 
 It is customary for the teacher to give the illustrative sentences when 
 dictating the words ; but the suggestions given in connection with the 
 following lessons will enable the pupils to give the illustrations, which 
 is far better. If the illustrations are given orally, it would be well to 
 have several pupils at the blackboard to write such of the sentences as 
 
Methods of Teaching Spelling. 
 
 have particular merit, or Fuoh as the teacher raay wish to present foi 
 criticism. 
 
 It is hoped that the character of the illustrative phrases and sentences 
 in this book will aid the teacher in resisting the tendency of pupils to 
 put meaningless, trashy stuff into their exercises. Such examples as 
 the following are too generally encouraged in the text-books : "The 
 bad boy hit the good girl in the eye; " ** Pour water on the fire, that 
 Albert may not see to jwre over that foolish picture illustrating the 
 'pores of the skin; " " The hear tore his hare leg in such a manner that 
 I could not hear to look at it."* 
 
 Pupils should be required to keep a list of the words which they mis- 
 spell, and to rewrite them frequently, in sentences and separately. 
 
 Written and oral spelling should be combined. The best results are 
 obtained by addressing both eye and ear. 
 
 Oral s})elling should be made an aid to correct pronunciation. Pupils 
 should be required to pronounce and spell each word in a clear, natural 
 tone of voice, making a slight pause between the syllables. This is bet 
 ter than the following tedious, confusing process : i-n in c-o-m com in- 
 com p-r-e pre incompre h-e-n hen incomprehen s-i si incomprehensi b-l-c 
 ble incomprehensible. 
 
 In oral spelling, the teacher may stimulate the interest of the pupils 
 by allowing them to ** go up," or to win rank by correcting misspelled 
 words, and an occasional old-fashioned spelling-match will add fresh zeal 
 to the work. 
 
 It is believed that the "directions" given in connection with the 
 different lessons throughout this book will aid both teacher and pupil. 
 
 In most of the lessons on synonyms the teacher will notice that each 
 group of synonymous words has a certain relation to the following group. 
 This will enable the pupil, in writing illustrative paragraphs, to i>a.«?8, by 
 an easy transition, from one group to another, weaving the whole into 
 one connected composition. The importance of this work in synonyms 
 can hardly bo overestimated. 
 
 For suggestions concerning the teaching of word-anal\ sis sn p. 163. 
 
 • The kwt two illustrattonM lire typical Mntences from a popular English word 
 book— one from whirh American compllerii bRvc drawn most largely. 
 
PART I. 
 
 a, long, in hate. 
 
 To the pupil. — Look at each word till you can turn away and see a 
 perfect picture of it in your mind. Study down the columns, then 
 from left to right. 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 ai 
 
 ay 
 
 trace 
 
 case 
 
 aid 
 
 lay 
 
 chase 
 
 place 
 
 aim 
 
 fray 
 
 vase 
 
 scale 
 
 praise 
 
 gray 
 
 space 
 
 skate 
 
 claim 
 
 spray 
 
 grace 
 
 haze 
 
 faint 
 
 sway 
 
 ache 
 
 bathe 
 
 jail 
 
 stray 
 
 Direction. - 
 
 — Copy the following 
 
 sentences. 
 
 Note carefully the 
 
 capital letters and the punctuation. 
 
 -^ti^ -c^-m^d -tz 
 
 
 iZ^<n/ _M^€>d -^ ■^^^. 
 
 ^-^i^tzde -a-u^^ 
 
 ^i^ -/'/^• 
 
 / €M^^i2^€-4^ 4n^^a44^ A^^g24^e €^li^e. 
 
 ^^^ ^^-€^€4- dj^^^tz€^ ^l^^-i^i ^a^^^ e^n^/ / 
 CyAe 'Cod^cu ^i24^i€-d e4^e4^ d'j 
 
 To tlie Teacher. — Let the pupils give short seuteuces orally for the 
 words of the lesson not found in the script exercises. Drill in the pronun- 
 ciation and the use of the words in the next lesson. 
 
s 
 
 : • ff^o'r'd Lessons, 
 
 
 
 a, shorty in Mt. 
 
 
 To tlie Teacher.— Call attention to the silent letters. 
 
 a 
 
 a a 
 
 a 
 
 badge 
 
 spasm shrank 
 
 track 
 
 crash 
 
 match snatcli 
 
 twang 
 
 chasm 
 
 scalp sprang 
 
 lack 
 
 gnash 
 
 scamp thrash 
 
 catch 
 
 add 
 
 scrap thatch 
 
 patch 
 
 knack 
 
 scratch batch 
 
 quack 
 
 Direction.— Copy the following sentences with cai-e. Remember 
 that the punctuation is a part of the written sentence. 
 
 Cy^€c/^t>n ^li^ 4^^pr^ <{^/A d'H€i'W: 
 
 To the Teacher.— Call attention to the punctuation, capiUls, rhyme, etc 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 IiEgpejvi 5. 
 
 e, long, in me. 
 
 To the pupil. — Look at each word till you can turn away and see a 
 perfect picture of it in your mind. Study down the columns, then 
 from left to right. 
 
 e 
 
 ea 
 
 ea 
 
 86 
 
 eve 
 
 bleak 
 
 near 
 
 kneel 
 
 mere 
 
 preach 
 
 means 
 
 cheer 
 
 scene 
 
 cheat 
 
 peak 
 
 fleece 
 
 scheme 
 
 heave 
 
 please 
 
 screen 
 
 sphere 
 
 least 
 
 sheaf 
 
 freeze 
 
 theme 
 
 leave 
 
 streak 
 
 queer 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following sentences. 
 
 .^^^tzd/^ d^fz^ -^ (U^r^-n^ed/ 4n^-^^u/^€i. 
 
 ^^^^. 
 
 ^' 
 
 ^ ^ -^^^^t^^ 
 
 4n^. 
 
 
 S2^J^i 
 
 ■^ d^faee€ -tz^ 
 
 d d^^-md / 
 
 J2^^ Zrc^ 
 
 To the Teaclier. — Call attention to the silent letters in the next lesson. 
 
lO Word Lessons, 
 
 IlEggeN 4. 
 
 e, short, in met. 
 Direction. — Study down the columns, then from left to right. 
 
 e e ea ea 
 
 debt fence breadth health 
 
 dense hedge death meant 
 
 tempt jest cleanse stealth 
 
 edge knell deaf sweat 
 
 pledge ledge dread tlireat 
 
 quench wedge dreamt wealth 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following sentences. 
 
 cMfi^y^ 'W^i^^Ud ofz^n^'i^ ^yU/:4^^on ^un^. 
 
 cd </£^nd^' -^^z^ deiyt>^€i -ad <i j/^4^€^d.. 
 S2^id /44^€i/ Ui^id ^^m€i^/ 'Od €i^^d/. 
 
 To the Teacher.— Help the pupiU to f^ranp the thoughts contained in 
 these cxerci»e8, and encourage them to put meaning into their original 
 Rentcnces. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 II 
 
 liEggeN ^. 
 
 i, long, in prime. 
 
 i i, y 
 
 i, short, in pin. 
 
 blithe 
 
 knife 
 
 quite 
 
 sigh 
 
 high 
 
 prize 
 
 twice 
 
 gripe 
 
 rhyme 
 
 type 
 
 scythe 
 
 bridge 
 
 glimpse 
 
 niche 
 
 prism 
 
 quit 
 
 rinse 
 
 1 
 script 
 shrink 
 stitch 
 switch 
 width 
 zinc 
 
 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following sentences. 
 
 -c-A -^^ 'l^^'n^. diZy?j^(^ -^^i^^m. 
 ^yu^ii^ ^n^uru^ -a^n^.An €i 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 ^^n^tH^ -^^^^^^ ^ut-fz^ ^e. 
 
 y S€4m^ 
 
 S. 
 
 W ^ d-^^ -2^: 
 
 / 
 
 U<n^€^ 4 
 
 .—Tb€. 
 
 To the Teacher. — Call attention to the silent letters in the next lesson, 
 
12 Word Lessons, 
 
 IlEggejsi 6. 
 
 5, long, in note. 6, shorty in ndt. 
 
 Direction. — Study down the columns, then from left to right. 
 
 o 
 
 oa 
 
 ou, ow 
 
 o 
 
 yolk 
 
 loan 
 
 mom*n 
 
 knob 
 
 folks 
 
 hoax 
 
 source 
 
 copse 
 
 comb 
 
 loam 
 
 though 
 
 lodge 
 
 gross 
 
 roam 
 
 owe 
 
 notch 
 
 gho^ 
 
 loathe 
 
 known 
 
 dodge 
 
 rogue 
 
 hoarse 
 
 growth 
 
 knock 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following sentences. 
 
 'l^' du^^ 'Id 'lAe. d^^tt'K:^ -^ ^ct^^^^. 
 
 tad ^<? ^fn€iyn 
 
 4€^Ud <i€ni^€i 'i^n^ /Ae^ -c^^ndd-. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 13 
 
 
 l£ 
 
 EJSgajI 7, 
 
 
 *ii, long. 
 
 in tube. 
 
 U, sliort, 
 
 in tub. 
 
 dupe 
 
 cue 
 
 buzz 
 
 much 
 
 fuse 
 
 glue 
 
 crumb 
 
 numb 
 
 lure 
 
 sue 
 
 crutch 
 
 scud 
 
 cube 
 
 stew 
 
 dumb 
 
 shrub 
 
 plume 
 
 news 
 
 skulk 
 
 snuff 
 
 use 
 
 slew 
 
 judge 
 
 such 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following sentences. 
 ^r^^^^M 4^yt^^^ ^Uld/. 
 
 <^up-i j.u^-^^^. 
 
 
 
 G^^ d<^^. 
 
 To tlie Teacher. — Drill the pupils on giviu^ the Jong and the short 
 sound of each vowel. 
 
 See Less. 34. 
 
14 Word Lessons, 
 
 LEJSJSeN S. 
 Review. 
 
 Direction. — Copy and study the following words. 
 
 ^ ^i-cni^ ^^14^2^ <um4^c^- 
 
 U^€l^:^€- d^Jl^^^^^ 'fZ^€^/ -C^m 
 
 Direction.— Copy the following stanza, and pick out the words con- 
 taining the sounds which you have learned. 
 
 'Q^TLiy&'c/ ^t^^€^ -^^^%^ ^tn^c^d t?:?'?^ ^t^y^ / 
 
 ^^-o- d'Ctrut', -fi^T^f^ d-o- j^fv^ ^-e'A.i^'yi^, 
 
 To Ok0 Teacher.— Talk with the pupils about the punctuation, the 
 peculiar use and arrungement of words, ttie rhyftie, poetic fancy, etc 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 15 
 
 Words alike in sound (homonyms). 
 
 To the Teaclier.— We would not advise the memorizing of these par- 
 tial definitions. 
 
 The elliptical expressions will suggest a variety of interesting exercises. 
 They may be filled out and copied, they may be used for oral recitation, or 
 they may be written in class from dictation and corrected by exchange of 
 slates. 
 
 a, e, 1, 0, u, 
 
 y- 
 
 a, e, 1, 0, u, y. 
 
 pain, ache, 
 pane,— of glass. 
 
 
 r> bad, not good. 
 ^ bade, told. 
 
 be, to exist. 
 bee, an insect. 
 
 
 -; bell, — for ringing. 
 belle, a fine, gay lady. 
 
 o stile, steps over a fence. 
 style, fashion, manner. 
 
 . hole, an opening. 
 whole, all. 
 
 K blew, did blow. 
 blue, a color. 
 
 cs him, that man or boy. 
 hymn, a sacred song. 
 
 knot, a tie ; a hard place 
 9 in wood. 
 
 not, a word of denial. 
 
 -J ^ but, a connecting word, 
 butt, larger end ; to strike 
 with the head. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 The (5) sky bends over all. — Cdendge. 'Tis (9) tlie (4) of 
 life to live. — Montgomery. Sweet is pleasure after (1). — Dr?/- 
 (kn. So sweetly she (6) me adieu. — Sfiejistom. Tims (G) 
 begins and worse remains behind. — Shakesjjcare. By turns a 
 slattern or a {'ll).—Goidsmith. How soft the music of those 
 village (7)s \—Cowper. A (2)-hive's hum shall soothe my 
 ear. — Shakesjmre. The foxes have (4)s. — Bible. Greeh. vales 
 and icy cliffy, all join my (8). — Coleridge. 
 
 j(10) he lay like a warrior taking his rest, 
 /With his martial cloak around (8). — Wolfe. 
 " The face against the (1)." '' I am sitting on the (3), 
 Mnry.''—^id So7fg. The (10) of the whip. The beast (10)s 
 me away.— Shakespeare. ^*It (5) a gale." (3) of dress. Untie 
 the (9). (9)ty timber. (2) just and fear (9). — shakei^peare. 
 
i6 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Words alike in sound (homonyms). 
 
 To the pupil. — Which of the short sounds is missing here ? 
 
 a, e, 1, o, u. 
 
 made, did make. 
 maid, a young woman. 
 
 hear, to listen. 
 here, in this place. 
 
 time, days, years, etc. 
 thyme, an herb. 
 
 wrote, did write, 
 rote, mere repetition. 
 
 knew, did know. 
 new, not old. 
 
 a, e, 1, u. 
 
 r, rap, to strike. 
 wrap, to infold. 
 
 cent, a coin. 
 7 scent, an odor, 
 sent, did send. 
 
 c| in, inside. 
 inn, a publif^ house. 
 
 Q plum, a fruit. 
 
 plumb, perpendicular. 
 
 Direction.— Pm< tlie right word in the rigid place. 
 
 No blush of (1) is sweeter. — Jean Jngeiow. (2) rests his head 
 upon the lap of earth. — Gray. Then waste nt)t (3), for (3; 
 is the stuff that life is (1) of. — FrankUn. I (2), yet say 
 not mucli. — Shakupeare. Wisdom is not learned by (4). He 
 builded better than he (5). — Emerson. Wise poets that (6) 
 tnith in tales. — Carew- I (7) the moniing air. — Shake^speare. 
 Shall I not take mine ease (8) mine (8)? — Shakespeare. Prunes 
 are dried (9)s. The wall is (9). The Greeks burned the 
 fragrant (3) as an offering to the gods. The baby, (5) to 
 earth and sky. — Holland. There came a tapping as of some 
 one gently (G)ping. — Ikx. Jonah was (7) to Nineveh. Take 
 <•■'•" -f tlio (7)s. The angel (4) and vanished. — LdghHunt. 
 
 To the Teacher.— The time of ono reclUition could be very profitably 
 spent 111 aiding the pupils to develop the thoughts contained in nome of the 
 quotatioiib. The quotations might be copied for another exercise. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 17 
 
 
 ii 
 
 EggeN )J. 
 
 
 
 a, 
 
 Italian^ 
 
 , in far. 
 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 a 
 
 au 
 
 calf 
 
 ah 
 
 
 czar 
 
 jaunt 
 
 half 
 
 jar 
 
 
 arch 
 
 laugh 
 
 alms 
 
 scar 
 
 
 gape 
 
 daunt 
 
 calm 
 
 bath 
 
 
 parch 
 
 gaunt 
 
 salve 
 
 farce 
 
 
 wrath 
 
 haunt 
 
 psalm 
 
 barge 
 
 
 starve 
 
 craunch 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 0/ d^?^ €M^^Ua^4^ /^^^^ 
 
 d 
 
 -11^4^0^, 
 
 ^ ^€i€^md. 
 
 <^n^^ ^€^ u^e€-A. 
 
 
 O^ /A^^^/ dA^^ ^€Z^^/ ud. 
 
 e<t^u<^^ ^ 4^^ 
 
 r 
 
 ^^^7^^^. 
 
 To the Teacher. — Call attention to the silent Ts in the first column, the 
 silent j9 and I in psalm, and the silent c in czar. 
 
1 8 Word Lessons. 
 
 a, droad, in all. 
 Direction. — Study down the columns, then from left to right. 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 au 
 
 aw 
 
 taik 
 
 false 
 
 vault 
 
 fawn 
 
 balk 
 
 waltz 
 
 sauce 
 
 dawn 
 
 walk 
 
 dwarf 
 
 faults 
 
 gnaw 
 
 stalk 
 
 sward 
 
 gauze 
 
 yawn 
 
 scald 
 
 squall 
 
 caught 
 
 crawl 
 
 chalk 
 
 thwart 
 
 naught 
 
 scrawl 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 O^in^^A/ ^ d^^4^ -^/^ '^ne ^€iu^ €m 
 
 To the Teacher.— Let the pupils seo that a mid xc in the pocond cohimn 
 fitand for the consonant sound of tr, and that in the third and fourth col- 
 umns M and w unite with a to cqiuil a. 
 
 Drill on the prouuuclutiou of the next lemsou. See note, next page. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 19 
 
 * a, intermediate (between a and a), in 
 t S., long before r, in care. 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a, ai, ea 
 
 last 
 
 lance 
 
 vast 
 
 scare 
 
 bask 
 
 dance 
 
 task 
 
 scarce 
 
 class 
 
 glance 
 
 staff 
 
 lair 
 
 grass 
 
 prance 
 
 quaflf 
 
 chair 
 
 glass 
 
 chance 
 
 grasp 
 
 wear 
 
 clasp 
 
 branch 
 
 stanch 
 
 swear 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 ■i24^t€^ 'eM'i 
 
 i^^ni 
 
 U€-^ 4-€lt<^t U^^g^dd 
 
 ■fZ-fZ^ d /od'^ ^ ^^ 
 
 '<^^ U^^ 
 
 iZ4^e <^^d^ e^U64. 
 
 'l^ 'tZiZ'^^^ / 
 
 iS^^-^^^^^^^^^^^-^fe^-^^/^i^ 
 
 ^uuid 
 
 
 * a. represents one of the finest sounds of our language, and, when correctly given, 
 adds much to the beauty of oral discourse. Avoid the extremes a and a. 
 
 t a represents the first, or "radical," part of a, touched lightly, without the 
 ** vanish," or e sound, a is nearly equivalent to e prolonged before r~t e r. 
 
20 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 p, in dp (like Wi in moon). 
 
 To the pupiL — Be careful not to give the u and ew, m this lesson, 
 the sound of u. Study down the columns, then from left to right. 
 
 p 
 
 oo = p 
 
 ^ = 9, 
 
 pu, ew = c 
 
 *lose 
 
 woo 
 
 ruse 
 
 group 
 
 tomb 
 
 ooze 
 
 sure 
 
 wound 
 
 move 
 
 loose 
 
 truce 
 
 through 
 
 prove 
 
 noose 
 
 brute 
 
 grew 
 
 whom 
 
 soothe 
 
 crude 
 
 strew 
 
 whose 
 
 smooth 
 
 spruce 
 
 shrewd 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 g4uiA^ -n^ /ui^^ ^uu^ eM^H. 
 
 G^^ d/^n^n^^ d^e^z^n -^^^^^ /it^ntAi, 
 
 * Bo careful to distingalsb, In pronunciation, lose and loa^t. In the former « 
 the sound of «, in the latter its nalpral or sharp sound. 
 
A Complete Speller, 21 
 
 11 in pull (like 00 in wool). 
 
 *ii (ii before r) in fur (like in work, e in her, i in sir), 
 Direction. — Study down the columns, then from left to right. 
 
 u = oo 
 
 u,o 
 
 e 
 
 1 
 
 full 
 
 purr 
 
 err 
 
 stir 
 
 soot 
 
 durst 
 
 fern 
 
 dirge 
 
 bush 
 
 purse 
 
 pert 
 
 whirl 
 
 push 
 
 word 
 
 herb 
 
 mirth 
 
 nook 
 
 worm 
 
 stern 
 
 thirst 
 
 shook 
 
 worst 
 
 verse 
 
 squirm 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 Cy^'lyn d^e^ -^^^pa ^tP~M //i^ ^^i 
 
 ^{Al-lled €1 ^n^tT-u^- 4A^^^^ iz^mz 
 
 ^^1!^ €^niZ€ d€^ 
 
 * Between u and e. Some careful speakers discriminate between u (= o) a)id 
 e (= 1), malting the former a modification of ii, and the latter of e. 
 
22 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 lLiEf;seN )6. 
 
 *oi in oil. *OU in out. 
 
 Direction.— Study down the columns, then from left to right. 
 
 oi, oy 
 
 ou 
 
 ou 
 
 ow = ou 
 
 hoist 
 
 cloud 
 
 scout 
 
 scowl 
 
 voice 
 
 doubt 
 
 scour 
 
 frown 
 
 quoit 
 
 hound 
 
 ounce 
 
 crowd 
 
 moist 
 
 flounce 
 
 slouch 
 
 crown 
 
 choice 
 
 bounce 
 
 shroud 
 
 drowse 
 
 cloy 
 
 drought 
 
 pounce 
 
 browse 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 C^ -a^cr^nt ^^t€i4^t^ ^€^^(Zd ^^ <!PC€^i^t4/n-fZ, 
 
 ol = al, and ou = aip (uot &o). 
 
A Complete Speller, 23 
 
 Review. 
 
 Direction.— Copy aii' study the following words. 
 
 d€l^^^ i^^n^^^ 'UTT^^ 'tl 
 
 Ad'tz^y^n^ ^c^^^{^ d^^e^uu^ d^yU^'m 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following stanza, and note the letters standing 
 for the sounds you have learned. 
 
 
 
 
 ''The Culprit Fay.''— Drake, 
 
24 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Words alike in sound (homonyms). 
 
 a, a, a, a, a. 
 
 ate, did eafc. 
 eight, a number. 
 
 jam, preserved fruit ; to 
 
 squeeze. 
 jamb, side-piece of a door 
 
 or a fire-place. 
 
 hart, a male deer. 
 heart, the seat of life. 
 
 all, the whole of. 
 awl, a pointed tool. 
 
 draft, an order for money ; 
 
 a selection of men. 
 draught, act of drawing ; a 
 
 drink ; a current of 
 
 air. 
 
 a, e, e, i, i. 
 
 n stare, to gaze, 
 stair, a step. 
 
 -, read a book. 
 reed, a slender stalk. 
 
 ^ r6ad, did read. 
 red, a color. 
 
 Q die, to expire ; a stamp. 
 dye, a color. 
 
 knit, — with needles ; to 
 10 unite. 
 
 nit, the ^gg of an insect. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 They never fail who (9) in a great cause. — Byron. (7)ing 
 maketh a full man. — Bacon. Not (4) that glitters is gold. — 
 rr<mrb. To thcC tho (7) is as the oak. — Shakesjxare. And (4) the 
 
 world would (C). — Covrper. A beautiful (8) (9) is made from 
 the bodies of insects. As the (3) panteth after the water 
 brooks. — Mbie. To sit in a (5) of air and drink (5)s of cold 
 water. (10) stockings. Broken bones will (10). A flight 
 of (6)8. We (1) breakfast at (1) o'clock. The (10) contains 
 the germ of life. A shoemalcer's (4). To (2) the finger. 
 Tho (2) of the door. You should have (8) the (5) before 
 cashing it. Look, then, into thy (3), and write. — LongfeUoir. 
 
 To Ihe Teacher.— Tlic copying of these clHpUcnl exercises and the de- 
 velopmcut of the tliouphts Miggctited might profitably be given for Bcparnte 
 lessons. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 25 
 
 Words alike in sound (homonyms). 
 
 To the pupil. — Are all the sounds of and u found here ? 
 
 o, o, u. 
 
 -J fore, in front, 
 four, a number. 
 
 2 forth, forward. 
 fourth, last of four. 
 
 to ; as in " to write to me.'' 
 q too; as in ^Hoo much for 
 me /oo." 
 two, a number. 
 
 . threw (ew = o), did throw, 
 through ; as, '* through a 
 board or a gate. " 
 
 ^ hew, to cut. 
 hue, color. 
 
 ii, u, u (5, e, i). 
 
 n sun, the source of light, 
 son, a male child. 
 
 wood, — from trees ; a 
 7 forest. 
 would; as, ^^He would 
 not." 
 
 j;^ fir, a tree. 
 fur, fine, soft hair. 
 
 (. earn, to gain, 
 urn, a yase or yessel. 
 
 ^^ whirl, to turn rapidly, 
 whorl, a circle of leaves. - 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 (9) rest from labor. — Miitm. A wise (6) maketh a glad 
 father. — Bibu. Let not the (6) go down upon your wrath. — 
 BiMe. There is a pleasure in the pathless (7)s. — Byron. Go 
 
 (2) under the open sky. — Bi-yant. (3) proud (3) learn. — 
 Cowley. As brown in (5) as hazel nuts. — Shakef^i^eare. (5) thee 
 
 (3) tables of stone. — Bible. I (7) not live alway. — Bible. Passed 
 like a shadow (4) the field. — Tenmjson. "The glorious (2)." 
 The (3) (1) feet and the (3) hind feet make (1) feet. The 
 pine and the (8) give us timber, pitch, tar, etc. The sailors 
 
 (4) Jonah into the sea. The (8) trade of Alaska. The loud 
 hissing (9) throws up a steamy column. — Con^per. The leaves 
 grow in (10)s around the stem. Gray, iron skies and (10)s 
 of March dust. — CaHuie. 
 
26 Word Lessons, 
 
 ♦Signs used for a. 
 
 a = ai, ay, ei, ey, ea, au. 
 
 Direction. — Study down the columns, then from left to right. 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 brace 
 
 quaint 
 
 bray 
 
 they 
 
 glaze 
 
 frail 
 
 tray 
 
 whey 
 
 craze 
 
 maim 
 
 dray 
 
 eyry 
 
 plague 
 
 strain 
 
 ray 
 
 break 
 
 vague 
 
 train 
 
 skein 
 
 great 
 
 graze chaise freight gauge 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 OW^ ^^<n^ ^^-^-^^ ^ /^€i^^. 
 
 C74€i4^ d^^dd^^ oa44/u >u^^ juei^i^H-/. 
 
 * The long Bound of a nlngle vowol followod by a consonant is often inciu ;u<ii uy a 
 final c, and the Hhort by Hie absence of the e ; as, r(7/>« , «f/), Mte^ hdt, hdpe, hdju etc.; 
 but bdi/r jind hdrr {ax or axr, OiifW ttdzt) arc oxc<'ption8. 
 
 li usually has no Hubtttitules, pidid and gvirunly being exceptionaL 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 27 
 
 Signs used for a, a, and k. 
 
 
 a — iiu, 
 
 ea. 
 
 ua. 
 
 
 
 a = aw. 
 
 au. 
 
 , 6u, 6, eo, oa. 
 
 
 
 k = ai, 
 
 ed, 
 
 ei, e. 
 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 a 
 
 k 
 
 flaunt 
 
 drawl 
 
 
 thought 
 
 flare 
 
 launch 
 
 law^n 
 
 
 wrought 
 
 lair 
 
 taunt 
 
 squaw 
 
 
 gorge 
 
 tear 
 
 heart 
 
 sprawl 
 
 
 thorn 
 
 hen* 
 
 hearth 
 
 daub 
 
 
 broad 
 
 where 
 
 guard 
 
 fraud 
 
 
 George 
 
 ere 
 
 D.irection. — Copy the following. Note the sounds of a in the last 
 two lines. 
 
 §M^4^/A 
 
 / 
 
 ^^^ d iZ ^t^ 
 
 
 Cy/2^1^4^ ^^ndu^t^^ ^ /^^^/. 
 
 
 -Hood. 
 
28 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Lejs]s©jm 2^. 
 
 Signs used for e and e. 
 
 e = ea, ee, ie, ei, 'i, ey, uay, eo. 
 e = ^a, ai, ^o, a, gi", uS, iS, ay, u. 
 
 e 
 
 e 
 
 e 
 
 e 
 
 leaf 
 
 fierce 
 
 death 
 
 many 
 
 plea 
 
 ~ seize 
 
 breath 
 
 heif er 
 
 cease 
 
 va lise' 
 
 said 
 
 guess 
 
 squeak 
 
 key 
 
 a gain 
 
 friend 
 
 steer 
 
 quay 
 
 leop'ard 
 
 says 
 
 sneeze 
 
 people 
 
 a ny 
 
 bur'y 
 
 Direction — Copy the following. 
 
 Cy^t A^ ^"l^i^u^ 'i€i^^^^ 4n€f'^y^ €Z '^^^. 
 
A Complete Speller, 29 
 
 Signs used for i and i. 
 
 i = y, ie, ui, ei, ye, uy, ai, eye. 
 
 i = y, ui, ee, e, u, ie, 0. 
 
 flight 
 
 guide 
 
 prince 
 
 been 
 
 writhe 
 
 height 
 
 since 
 
 pretty 
 
 lyre 
 
 rye 
 
 lynx 
 
 En glish 
 
 style 
 
 buy 
 
 myth 
 
 busy 
 
 tie 
 
 aisle 
 
 build 
 
 sieve 
 
 pie 
 
 eye 
 
 guilt 
 
 women 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following, 
 
 Cy-A^ ^ud^ A^MA^- ^n€> ^^^^^ 
 
 C/^/ ^W^ 4-^^^m^ /iud/ ^<n /i^^i/n<:€.d. 
 
 %^^^ pyie//^ -C^^l^M^^^^ ^^^^. 
 
 
30 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 
 
 IiEgsejv ^4. 
 
 
 
 Signs used 
 
 for 5, 6, p. 
 
 
 
 O = oa, ow, OU; 
 
 , oe, 00, ew, eau. 
 
 
 
 6 = a, dw. 
 
 
 
 
 O = Ob, 11, ou, ( 
 
 Bw, iii, ue, oe. 
 
 
 6 
 
 * 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 
 brogue 
 
 -gourd 
 
 prompt 
 
 scoop 
 
 sword 
 
 foe 
 
 chaps 
 
 prune 
 
 shoal 
 
 woe 
 
 swamp 
 
 tour 
 
 goal 
 
 floor 
 
 swap 
 
 screw 
 
 sown 
 
 door 
 
 watch 
 
 bruise 
 
 bowl 
 
 sew 
 
 wand 
 
 true 
 
 court 
 
 beau 
 
 knowledge 
 
 5 shoe 
 
 (l^*^ ^^ 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 -ez'i 
 
 e ^^^fz^/ / 
 
 C^^ip-UJt^c^^ oc^-medy ^{AMiZ'tnn ^^i4a^^^4d. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 31 
 
 Signs used for u, u, u, u. 
 
 U = ew, ue, eu, tii, ieti, iew, eau. 
 
 ii = 6, ou, 60, 6e. 
 
 U = 00, o, ou. 
 
 ■3. = 6, i, o, ea, ou, y. — see note p. 21. 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 clew 
 
 once 
 
 pull 
 
 verge 
 
 deuce 
 
 sponge 
 
 crook 
 
 twirl 
 
 sub due' 
 
 front 
 
 wool 
 
 world 
 
 juice 
 
 touch 
 
 bosom 
 
 earth 
 
 a dieu 
 
 young 
 
 worn an 
 
 hearse 
 
 view 
 
 blood 
 
 could 
 
 scourge 
 
 beauty 
 
 does 
 
 should 
 
 myrtle 
 
 Direction.— Copy the following. 
 
 J^'^r^^^u^ ^-€^-1^ ^m^tn^ / 
 
 
 
 CyA-c e-iZ'lM^i^ ^i<i ji^t^ -t^ ^e^^i^u>. 
 
32 Word Lessofis, 
 
 Review. 
 
 IMrection. — Copy the following words. 
 
 ^ud^i ^m€i^^ ^uur/^'ie^ ^^i7t{^^^ 
 
 'r 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following, and note the letters standing for 
 sounds you have learned. 
 
 'ryiyfi^yv. 
 
 Phoebe Cary. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 ZZ 
 
 IlEJSg 
 Words pronounced 
 
 a. 
 
 ^ gait, manner of walking. 
 gate, a kind of door. 
 
 grate, to rub roughly ; — for 
 2 afire, 
 
 great, large, noble. 
 
 o hail, frozen rain ; to salute. 
 hale, sound, healthy. 
 
 . lain, reclined. 
 lane, a narrow road. 
 
 mail, a bag of letters ; 
 5 armor, 
 
 male, a lie-animal. 
 
 alike (homonyms). 
 
 a. 
 
 P bare, naked, 
 bear, an animal ; to suffer. 
 
 fair, beautiful ; just ; a 
 7 market. 
 fare, food ; cost of passage. 
 
 ^ hair, — of the head, 
 hare, an animal. 
 
 pair, a couple. 
 
 9 pare, to cut off. 
 
 pear, a fruit. 
 
 w ^ their, belonging to them, 
 there, in that place. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 Hark ! the lark at heaven's (1) sings. — Shahef^xire. (3), 
 holy light ! — MUtmi. To (6) is to conquer our fate. — CampbeU. 
 None but the brave deserve the (7). — Bnjden. The very (8)s 
 of your head are all numbered. —Bible. It is a long (4) that 
 has no turning. — Pt-overb. The (2) fishes eat up the little 
 ones. — Shakespeare. The (5) bird wears the finest clothes. We 
 thouglit him strong and (3). — Swift. Does he not strut in 
 his (1) ? — Shakespeare. The grizzly (6) of the Rocky Mount- 
 ains. A bright fire in the (2). (2) the teeth. Send by 
 (5). We paid (10) (7). He has (4) down. The trees arc 
 (6). Coat of (5). Coarse but healthful (7). (9) the apple. 
 Ay, (10) is the rub. — Shakespeare. An old (9) tree. Like a 
 (9) of loving turtle doves. — Shakespewe. They have the voice 
 
 of lions and the act of (8)S. — Shakenj^are. 
 
 To the Teacher. — Explain the more difficult expressions, 
 of these quotations might be given for a separate lesson. 
 3 
 
 The copying 
 
34 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Words pronounced alike (homonyms). 
 
 ^ ale, a kind of beer, 
 ail, to be ill. 
 
 base, very mean ; f ounda- 
 
 2 tion. 
 
 baas, a part in music. 
 
 brake, for stopping wheels ; 
 
 3 a fern ; a thicket, 
 break, to part by force. 
 
 . frays, quarrels ; rubs, 
 phrase, related words. ^ 
 
 g main, chief. 
 mane, long hair on an ani- 
 mal's neck. 
 
 9 ^* 
 
 tare, a weed ; weight al 
 6 lowed, 
 tear, to pull apart. 
 
 -^ ware, goods. 
 wear, to have on. 
 
 g^ ball, a round body. 
 bawl, to shout. 
 
 hall, a passage way ; i 
 9 large room, 
 haul, to drag or draw. 
 
 ^ ^ pause, a stop. 
 
 paws, feet of a beast. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 All creatures look to the (5) chance. — VEdramje. This rock 
 shall fly from its firm (2) as soon as I. — Scon. Like a dew- 
 drop from the lion's (5). — Shakeiipeare. The (3)ing waves 
 dashei^ high. — Hemana. We (7) a face of joy. — Wordsioorth. The 
 deer has sought the (3). — Scoit. The parable of the (6)s of 
 the field.— iJiWf. I (10) for a reply. — Shakespeare. Bloody (4). 
 Faneuil (9), Boston. What can (1) him ! A good (2) 
 voice. The cloth (4) badly. Do not (6) away thyself from 
 me. — sitakespeare. Brew (1) from barley and hops. Apply 
 the (3), and stop the car. A neat (4), full of meaning. 
 "Tin (7) to mend." Pitch the (8). The bear strikes 
 heavy blows with his (10). Galling his kingly hands (9)ing 
 ropes. — Shakexjxare. A little cliild was (B)in^. and a worniin 
 chiding it. — LTMrange. 
 
 To Ihe Teaeher.— These exercises might be copied for a separate lesson. 
 With Kome help the pupils couM prolHubly chaiij^c Home of th" '••;->».>(;, ...o 
 luto their own language. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 35 
 
 Words pronounced 
 
 a. 
 
 . nay, no. 
 neigh, the cry of a horse. 
 
 ^ pail, — for water, etc. 
 pale, white. 
 
 o plait, to fold ; a fold. 
 plate, a dish. 
 
 sail, — of a ship ; to move 
 4 througli the water. 
 
 sale, a selling. 
 
 ^ slay, to kill, 
 sleigh, — for trayelling on 
 snow. 
 
 0N 29. 
 
 alike (homonyms). 
 
 Ci^ Oi^ a. 
 
 air, what we hreathe. 
 n. e'er, ever, 
 ere, before, 
 heir, one who inherits. 
 
 ^ quarts, more than one qnart. 
 quartz, a kind of rock. 
 
 Q aught, anything. 
 
 ought, is bound by duty. 
 
 Q arc, a part of a circle, 
 ark, a vessel. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right ivord in the right place. 
 
 A dewy freshness fills tlie silent (6). — Southey. The (2), 
 high-foaming with a milky flood.— Jbpe. Let (2)-faced fear 
 keep with the mean-born man. — suakeni^are. Make us (6)s of. 
 all eternity. — Shakespeare. (7) scratches glass easily. — Dana. 
 Though he (5) me, yet will I trust him. — BiUe. Come down 
 (6) my child die. — Bible. The earth being round, a ship must 
 (4) over an (9). The (])s on which we fed. — Dryden. A 
 ready (4) for them. — Simi^r. The soldiers (3)ed a crown of 
 thorns. — Bible. The (5) of the Esquimau is drawn by dogs. 
 I tell you (1). — Bihie. Eight persons were saved in the (9)o 
 The horses (1). Four (7) make a gallon. The question, 
 wrangle (6) so long, is only this. —Thi^. These things (8) 
 not so to be. But go, my son, and see if (8) be wanting. — 
 
 Addition. 
 
 To file Teaclier. — Lead the pupils to put into tlieir own lan^age the 
 best thoughts here suggested. A lesson in copying might be added. 
 
36 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 *A Review of Marked Letters. 
 
 Direction. — Pronounce 
 marked letter. Be able to 
 same way. 
 
 1. a, long, in hate. 
 
 2. a, short, in Mt. 
 
 3. a, Italian, in far. 
 
 4. a, hroad, in all. 
 
 5. a, intermediate, in 
 
 6. a, Zow^ ^e/bre r, in 
 
 1. e, long, in me. 
 
 2. e, short, in mSt. 
 
 1. i, long, in pine. 
 
 2. i, s/ior^, in pin. 
 
 the word, and then give the sound of its 
 give other words that would be marked in the 
 
 ask. 
 care. 
 
 1. 5, long, in note. 
 
 2. 6, short, in n6t. 
 
 3. o (like long oo) in dp. 
 
 1. li, lo7ig, in tube. 
 
 2. ii, short, in tub. 
 
 3. u. (like short oo) in pnll. 
 
 4. u (before r) in fur. 
 
 oi and oy (unmarked = a!), 
 
 in oil, toy. 
 ou and o^w (unmarked = 
 
 iiob), in out, now. 
 
 One letter used for another. 
 
 a = 6, as in what. 
 6 = a, as in wh§re, h§ir. 
 e = a, as in eight, 
 f e = u (nearly), as in her. 
 1 = e, as in police. 
 i = u (nearly), as in sir. 
 6 = "Ci, as in done. 
 O = u, as in wplf. 
 
 O = a, as in fSrm. 
 O = U, as in worm. 
 oo = p, as in moon. 
 06 = 11, as in wool 
 U r= p, as in rude, 
 y = i, as in fly. 
 y = i, as in mjth. 
 
 •To the Tenclier.— The ni,'c and ability of the juipfl mnst determine how 
 mucli of Ihix work Khnuld be att«'mpted here! 
 
 The iiinrkH here uiven are thowe used in Webster's dictionary, except A and ft. 
 For the former Webster haw n, and for i\\i\ latter he hiis no mark. 
 
 When one vowel of a diphthong Is marked, the other ia silent. 
 
 t ik'c note, p. 21. 
 
A Complete Speller, 2>7 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 To tlie Teacher. — Children learn to pronounce by imitation. Much 
 will depend on your own practice. 
 
 One may be aided in getting an intermediate sound by first giving the 
 two extremes ; as, a, a, a. 
 
 These lessons in pronunciation should be frequently repeated, and cor- 
 rect pronunciation should be insisted on in the pupil's reading, recitation, 
 and conversation. 
 
 Direction — Practice on the following words till the correct pronun- 
 ciation becomes the natural one. 
 
 aunt, an, ant, path, pat, pass, 
 bath, bask, balm, brass, calf, cask, 
 ciilm, cast, gape, grasp, lath, last, 
 palm, pant, psiilm, past, wrath, waft, 
 alms, half, siilve, daunt, haunt, jiiunt, 
 liiugh, launch, taunt, jiiun'dice, saun'ter, 
 ^al'mond, so pra'no, advance', aft'er, alas', 
 bas'ket, blanch, blast, branch, cast, 
 chaff, chance, chant, clasp, class, craft, 
 con trast', dance, draft, fast, flask, 
 gasp, ghastly, glance, glass, grant, 
 grass, lass, mask, mass, mast, 
 pas'tor, plas'ter, prance, past'ure, quaff, 
 raft, raft'er, rasp, shaft, slant, 
 staff, task, trance, vast, mas'ter. 
 
 Prouuiiciatlon.— 1 a'munil. 
 
38 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 
 
 IlEJSSej\[ 5^. 
 
 
 
 Marked Letters. 
 
 
 Direction 
 
 .. — Study the spelling, the pronunciation, 
 
 and the marks. 
 
 blaze 
 
 blanch 
 
 mince 
 
 choose 
 
 trait 
 
 trance 
 
 nymph 
 
 suit 
 
 lapse 
 
 spare 
 
 forge 
 
 fetid 
 
 have 
 
 speech 
 
 flown 
 
 nudge 
 
 cliarge 
 
 guest 
 
 bronze 
 
 scrub 
 
 vaunt 
 
 blight 
 
 botch 
 
 bull 
 
 bald 
 
 lithe 
 
 soup 
 
 urge 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 
A Complete Speller. 39 
 
 Marked Letters. 
 
 One letter used for another. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to spell and to use these words, and find what 
 sound each marked letter represents. 
 
 squad 
 
 jerk 
 
 tongue 
 
 worth 
 
 squash 
 
 germ 
 
 shove 
 
 brook 
 
 their 
 
 ~po lice' 
 
 scorn 
 
 rude 
 
 ne'er 
 
 ra vine 
 
 cork 
 
 fruit 
 
 deign 
 
 dirt 
 
 wolf 
 
 g^iy 
 
 bey' 
 
 shirk 
 
 worse 
 
 —rhythm 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following. 
 
 /^ / '/•/// '/' 
 
 
 ^^^^^^ 4^^l^/m^€^ -n^H ^^^'Mt4^ ^^yU- 
 
 
40 Word Lessons, 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Caution.— The sound of o in tliese words is betvreen 6 in not and 
 a in nil. Avoid th.e two extreuies ; tlie former is considered pedan- 
 tic, and tlie latter vuigar. 
 
 Direction. — Practice on these words till the correct pronunciation 
 becomes the natural one. 
 
 off, scoff, coffee, coffin, office, offer, 
 broth, froth, cloth, soft, loft, lost, 
 cost, frost, oft'en, cross, loss, moss, 
 toss, gloss, dross, gone, long, prong, 
 song, strong, throng, wrong, mock. 
 
 Caution. K = yob. After d, t, I, n, ami s, it is not easy to give tikc 
 j^ sound ofu,ao careless speakers say dobty and toon for duty and 
 tune; but souie, who are over-nice or aifected, say dyobty and 
 iyobn, inalcin^ the y too distinct. Avoifl hoth extremes. Good 
 spealcers touch the y very lightly, or, rather, let it sink into a very 
 brief e. 
 
 Direction.— In the first six words that follow make the y sound of u 
 distinct ; in the others touch the y (or the e) very lightly. 
 
 u'nit, cube, pu'ny, pure, mule, mute, 
 duke, du'ty, ad duce', flute, lu'cid, lure, 
 nude, nui'sance, sue, su'et, suit, 
 tune, tu'tor, Tues'day. 
 
 Direction.— In the following words drop the y sound cntirolv. nnd 
 pronounce u and ew like 6b (u after r, sh, eh). 
 
 nulc, rule, ru'in, ru'by, ru'ral, ru'mor, 
 true, truce, truant, ]>rute, sure, iis sure', 
 isVii'V 'In>\v. ch<'\v, i2fn'W, hiMiisr, fruit. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 41 
 
 Words pronounced alike (homonyms). 
 
 -J stake, a post ; a sum risked, 
 -^--'i, a slice of meat. 
 
 rt wade, to walk in water. 
 weighed, did weigh. 
 
 o wait, to stay. 
 weight, heaviness. 
 
 , waist, part of the body. 
 waste, to destroy. 
 
 ^ waive, to put off. 
 wave, — of the sea ; — 
 wave the hand, etc. 
 
 to 
 
 10 
 
 a and a. 
 
 lade, to load. 
 laid, placed. 
 
 rain, water from the 
 
 clouds, 
 reign, to rule, 
 rein, for a horse. 
 
 vale, a valley. 
 
 veil (or vail), a covering. 
 
 dam, to confine water, 
 damn, to condemn. 
 
 tacks, small nails. 
 
 tax, a government charge. 
 
 Direction. — Put the rigid word in the right place. 
 
 Learn to labor and to (3). — Longfellow. Down the lovely 
 (8) of leisure. — Jean ingeiow. The thirsty earth soaks up the 
 (7). — Cowley. Thou art (2) in the balances. — Bihk. Birds 
 that (2) have long legs and long necks. Haste makes (4). 
 — Frmerh. The (8) of the temple was rent. — Bible. (9). no 
 man without a hearing. England may as well (9) up the 
 waters of the Nile with bulrushes. — Mm. ChM. (10) for the 
 carpet. A (1) for dinner. A (1) for the vine. A belt for 
 the (4). Colts and cliildren need a steady (7). In the (7) 
 of George III. a (10) was (6) on tea. Bend under any (3). 
 — -ShAke/ipeare. TVc will (5) our claim. Do not (6) the memory 
 with worthless freight. "A life on the ocean (5)." And 
 the star-spangled banner, long may it (5) ! — F. S. Key. 
 
 To tlie Teacher. — For auf^tjierr exercise, the pupils inij^ht eo]»y the 
 quotations above. Help them to study tlie;tliouglit and the language. 
 
42 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Words pronounced alike (homonyms). 
 
 e. 
 
 beach, shore, 
 beech, a tree. 
 
 beat, to strike. 
 beet, a vegetable. 
 
 beer, a drink. 
 
 bier, a frame for carrying 
 the dead. 
 
 creak, to make a liarsh 
 
 sound, 
 creek, a small stream or bay. 
 
 dear, costly ; beloved. 
 deer, an animal. 
 
 e. 
 
 P feat, an exploit, 
 feet, more than one foot. 
 
 ^ flea, an insect. 
 flee, to run away. 
 
 o heal, to cure, 
 heel, a part of the foot. 
 
 (. key, — for a lock, 
 quay (or key), a wharf. 
 
 ^^ knead, to work dough, 
 need, to want. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 With stories told of many a (6). — MUton. At the foot of 
 yonder nodding (1). — (-imy. Be ye followers of God, as (5) 
 children. — liibU. The timbers (4) and the roaring waves (^) 
 upon the (1). Sugar is sometimes made from the wliite (2). 
 (3) is made from malt and hops. The boat left the (9) and 
 dropped down the (4). On the (3) we are all equal. (10) 
 bread with the hands before baking. ** A (7) in tlie ear." 
 (G) was I to the lame. — Bme. "VVe may (7) some evils ; some 
 we must crush under the (8). The male (5) has branching 
 horns. The (9)8 of the kingdom of heaven. — mbic. Physi- 
 cian, (8) thyself. — Av'./... TT'' <lv«t ^ dnun (10) fear no 
 
 fall. — Buuyan. 
 
 To lh« Teaclirr.— These elliptic 
 •ous in copying and in compoMtion 
 
 II rurni^h 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 43 
 
 Words pronounced alike (homonyms). 
 
 e 
 
 ^ leaf, — of a tree, book, etc. 
 lief, willingly. 
 
 a leak, to trickle in or out. 
 leek, a plant. 
 
 meat, animal food ; food. 
 3 meet, to come together ; 
 suitable. 
 mete, to measure. 
 
 . peace, quiet. 
 piece, a part ; a composi- 
 tion. 
 
 ^ peal, a loud noise. [bark, 
 peel, to strip off the skin or 
 
 e 
 
 n bread, food. 
 bred, brought up. 
 
 „ cell, a small close room, 
 sell, to give for money. 
 
 o lead, a metal, 
 led, did lead. 
 
 ^ rest, quiet ; remainder, 
 wrest, to pull away by 
 twisting. 
 
 -J ^ berry, a small fruit. 
 
 bury, to put underground. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word iii the right place. 
 
 Men are (8) by trifles. — Napdeon. (6) is the staff of life. 
 — Swiji. Flights of angels sing thee to thy (9) ! — Shakeqxare. 
 I (10) all unkindness. — SMkeqieare. I will make him an help 
 (3) for him. — Bible. Extremes (3). — Proverb. The (1) feeds 
 from the earth and the air. The (2) is the emblem of 
 Wales. A gentleman well (6). — Shakespeare. With what 
 measure ye (3). — Bible. W^e pare apples and (5) oranges. 
 To (7) one's life dearly. The guilty secret Avill (2) out. 
 The secret (9)ed from me. — miton. The hermit's (7). Break 
 into (4)s. The (4) of nature is broken by a (5) of thunder. 
 His (3) was locusts and wild honey. — Bible. The roasted (10) 
 of the coffee tree. I have a soul of (8). — siiake>^are. I had 
 as (1) be a Scotchman. — Junius. 
 
 To tlie Teacher.— Help tlie pupils to grasp the thoughts found here. 
 An additional lesson in copying might be given. 
 
44 Word Lessons, 
 
 Some of the Distinguished Literary Men of 
 America. 
 
 \/M^iyU€l''^n ^^^{^^^ ((^^U^'^/. 
 
 J/iZ^mdd UwdAe^ ,^Jy€n{/^^. 
 
 
 
 I joiiyjt'ilow. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 45 
 
 Words pronounced alike (homonyms). 
 
 w one, a number. 
 won, gained. 
 
 Q beau, a gay, foppish man. 
 bow, something curved. 
 
 o boar, a male swine. 
 bore, to make a hole. 
 
 , been, existed. 
 bin, a box. 
 
 g rye, a grain. 
 wry, twisted. 
 
 n, choose, to select. 
 chews, does chew. 
 
 berth, sleeping place in a 
 7 ship. 
 birth, coming into life. 
 
 n choir, a band of singers. 
 quire, twenty-four sheets 
 of paper. 
 
 f. bough, a branch. 
 bow, to bend ; a bending ; 
 front part of a ship. 
 
 1^ coarse, rough, 
 course, way, career. 
 
 IDirection. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 Best things are hardest (1). (1) touch of nature makes 
 the whole world kin. — Shakc!<peare. The Saxong hunted the 
 wild (3). The (2) advanced with a graceful (9). I do set 
 my (2) in the cloud. — Bible. A (5) face. A (4) of (5). Men 
 (3) into the ground for oil. We have (4) learners from our 
 (7). . We (6), but God directs our (10). My (7) was near 
 the (9) of the vessel. Twenty (8)s make a ream. A rumi- 
 nant animal (G) the cud. The song birds ai*e nature's (8). 
 To copy, in my (10) English, his beautiful expressions. — 
 Dryden. Superfluous branches we lop away, that bearing (9)s 
 
 may live. — Shakespeare. 
 
 To the Teacher. — The elliptical expressions may profitably be copied 
 for a separate lesson. Let the pupils talk about the thoughts suggested. 
 
46 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 IlEggSN 48. 
 
 Words pronounced alike (homonyms). 
 
 J dew, moisture from the air 
 due, owing ; j^roper. 
 
 2 doe, a female deer, 
 dough, paste for baking. 
 
 ewe, ji female slieep. 
 
 3 you, person spoken to. 
 yew, a kind of tree. 
 
 ^ flew, did fly. 
 
 flue, a passage for smoke. 
 
 K flour, ground grain. 
 flower, a blossom. 
 
 P foul, dirtj ; unfair, 
 fowl, a bird. 
 
 *, gilt, gold leaf, 
 guilt, sin, crime. 
 
 ^ groan, a deep moan, 
 grown, increased. 
 
 f. heard, did hear. 
 ' herd of cattle. 
 
 iQ pray* to entreat. 
 prey, plunder. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 On hanging cobwebs shone the (1). — Jean Lujeiow. Behold 
 the (6)s of the air. — Bible. (6) deeds will rise. — Shakesiieare. 
 When spring unlocks the (5)s to paint the laughing soil. — 
 H^)er. The Lord will not hold him (7)less that taketh his 
 name in vain. — Bible. Politeness is the (7) of conduct. The 
 (3) is common in English churchyards. Do (3) (10) to be (9) 
 only by men ? Respect is (1) to tlie aged. A word spoken 
 in (1) season.— i?i6/e. A (9) of (3)s and (3)8. We (8) under 
 our load of (7). A swallow's nest in the (4). Large wars 
 have (8) out of petty quarrels. Bolting separates the bran 
 from the (5). The word (4) from mouth to mouth. My 
 cake is (2). — Sfiakeximre. Fox ill stealth, wolf in greediness, 
 dog in madness, lion in (10). — shaki-K/xfare. 
 
 To the Teacher. — Theso olllptfcal ox«;rciscs will ftiniiah nmlftT for 
 a«l<litl()mil luHsons. The pupils may write or talk alxmt the tboughts here 
 BugKosted. 
 
A Cotnplete Speller, 
 
 A7 
 
 Le^5®N 4]. 
 
 Words pronounced alike (homonyms). 
 
 holy, sacred. 
 wholly, entirely. 
 
 kill, to take life. 
 kiln, a large oven. 
 
 knight, a title of honor, 
 night, time of darkness. 
 
 know, to understand. 
 no, a word of denial. 
 
 lie, to rest ; to deceive, 
 lye, from ashes. 
 
 n links, — of a chain, 
 lynx, an animal. 
 
 ^ sea, ocean, 
 see, — with the eyes. 
 
 r, some, a part ; a few. 
 sum, amount. 
 
 f^ weak, feeble. 
 week, seven days. 
 
 I^ yoke, — for oxen, 
 yolk,— of an Qgg. 
 
 Direction — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 Heaven (5)s about us in our infancy. — Wonimm-th. I alone 
 of all the Greeks (4) that I (4) nothing. — Socrates. (4) man 
 is (1) bad. Love is (1). — Shakespeare. You Cannot (2) the 
 truth. Thine own true (3), by day or (3). — Sfmkefipeare. The 
 (9)s are (6) in the chain of the year. Character is the (8) 
 of conduct. Bricks are baked in a (2). (5) unites with fat 
 to form soap. We (7) our own faults with a bat's eyes, our 
 neighbor's with the eyes of a (6). As brooks make rivers, 
 rivers run to (7)s.—B,'yden.. Strengthen ye the (9) hands.— 
 Bible. (10) is the same as yelk. Who best bear his mild 
 (10), they serve him hest.—MiUon. (8) said, *^ John, print 
 
 it ; " others said, " Not so." — John Bunyan. 
 
 To tlie Tenctter. — Additional lessons based on these elliptical exercises 
 are suggested here, as before. 
 
Word Lesson 
 
 s. 
 
 Review. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right word. 
 
 1. One man's pleasure is another's (pane, pain). 
 
 2. (Stile, style) in dress should be governed hj good 
 
 (scents, sense, cents). 
 
 3. ''(Their, there) graves are green, they may be seen," 
 
 the little (maid, made) replied. — Wordmorth. 
 
 4. All (grate, great) men are in (some, sum) degree in- 
 
 spired. — Cicero. 
 
 5. Then might'st tliou (tare, tear) thy (liair, hare). — 
 
 HhaheiqKftre. 
 
 6. Many sounds are so shrill that we do (not, knot) (hear, 
 
 here) them. 
 
 7. A bruised (read, reed) shall he not (brake, break). — 
 
 Bme. 
 
 8. Nearly (all, awl) the men able to (bare, bear) arms had 
 
 (bin, been) (draft, draught)ed into service. 
 
 9. The human (hart, heart) is a complete force-pump. 
 
 10. When heroes (die, dye), the people mourn. 
 
 11. Hurrah ! for the (read, red), white, and (blue, blew) ! 
 
 12. There are 295 (stairs, stares) in the Bunker Hill monu- 
 
 ment. 
 
 13. (Four, fore) pecks make (one, won) bushel. 
 
 14. (Threw, through)the clouds of to-day shines the bright- 
 
 ness of the morrow. 
 
 15. Priu]cnt living loads to (hail, hale) old age. 
 IG. A (bass, base) iiaturo desj)ises beauty. 
 
 17. The liones* has no (mane, main). 
 
 18. It is bettor (two, too, to) (wear, ware) out than to rust 
 
 out. 
 
 19. Some English mansions arc called (hauls, ImllsV 
 
 20. The gift without tlic giver is (bare, bear). 
 
A Complete Speller, 49 
 
 Review. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right word. 
 
 1. They also serve who only stand and (wait, weight). — 
 
 Milton. 
 
 2. The Lord shall (rein, rain, reign) forever. — BiUe. 
 
 3. Beneath my (feet, feat) the (whirl, whorl)ing billows 
 
 fly. — Bype. 
 
 4. He (pray, proy)eth best who loveth best. — Coleridge. 
 
 5. The (pail, pale) light of the moon is reflected from the 
 
 (sun, son). 
 
 6. The (waist, waste)ful man shall live to want. 
 
 7. A (vale, vail, ,veil) of mist enveloped the mountain. 
 
 8. A willing (heart, hart) adds feather to the (heel, heal). 
 
 — Joanna Bailli/6. 
 
 9. The (leaf, lief) supplies food for the (bury, berry). 
 
 10. (Lead, led) is (won, one) of the (base, bass^) metals. 
 
 11. The (meet, meat) of (fouls, fowls) is delicate. 
 
 12. Genoa was the (birth, berth)place of Columbus. 
 
 13. His (bare, bear)d (bows, boughs) were (beet, beat)en 
 
 with storms, — Spemer. 
 
 14. The heaviest (dues, dews) fall on clear (nights, knights). 
 
 15. Take my (yolk, yoke) upon you. — Bible. 
 
 16. The (grown, groan)ing ship (flew, flue) over the (sea, 
 
 see). 
 
 17. We are never (two, too, to) old (too, to, two) learn. 
 
 18. Eaten (bread, bred) is soon forgotten. — Prwa-h. 
 
 19. (Their, there), at the foot of yonder nodding (beach, 
 
 beech). — Gray. 
 
 20. Lovely (flowers, flours) are the smiles of God's good- 
 
 ness. — WUberforce. 
 
so Word Lessons. 
 
 
 IlEgJSeN 44. 
 
 
 
 Birds. 
 
 
 To the pupil 
 
 L — Find out what you can about each of these birds. 
 
 owl 
 
 quail pig'eon 
 
 o'ri ole 
 
 crow 
 
 stork par rot 
 
 par tridge 
 
 wren 
 
 grouse spar row 
 
 blue-jay 
 
 gull 
 
 thrush swal low 
 
 bob link 
 
 dove 
 
 ea'gle cuck oo - 
 
 - chick a dee 
 
 swan 
 
 rob in os trich 
 
 — night in gale 
 
 liawk 
 
 tur key ca na'ry 
 IlEggaN 4^. 
 
 —whip-poor-will 
 
 
 What birds do and have. 
 
 coo 
 
 war'ble whir 
 
 claw 
 
 caw 
 
 twit ter poise 
 
 beak 
 
 chirp 
 
 whis tie perch 
 
 plu'mage 
 
 cheep 
 
 hov er tal'on 
 
 feath ers 
 
 carol 
 
 mi grate pin ion 
 
 giz zard 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following, and study the spelling. 
 
 (^ . . y. / -^ y . // ^ / 
 
 ^' The Oefiturtf''* 
 
 To the Tencher.— These lists contain only those familiar terms which 
 the pupil is liable to niistspell ; they are not iuteudcd to be <>vh ii,<!iv<. it 
 may be of interest and prolit to let the i)upils add to them. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 51 
 
 
 IlEggajM 46. 
 
 
 
 Parts of the Body. 
 
 eye 
 
 head 
 
 knee thumb 
 — wiist throat 
 
 -lar'ynx 
 knuck le 
 
 nail 
 
 pulse breast 
 
 stom ach 
 
 tooth 
 cheek ' 
 
 palm tongue 
 • thigh nerves 
 
 ^fore'head 
 shoul der 
 
 brain 
 
 scalp an'kle 
 
 skel e ton 
 
 beard 
 
 skuU pal ate 
 
 IiEggeN 47. 
 
 mus tache' 
 
 
 What we Wear, 
 
 
 coat 
 
 skirt a'pron 
 
 rib 'bon 
 
 shoe 
 
 shawl bon net 
 
 pet ti coat 
 
 hose 
 glove 
 
 basque —pin a fore 
 jack'et col lar 
 
 o'ver alls 
 ^hand ker chief 
 
 shirt 
 
 mit ten trou sers 
 
 pan ta loons' 
 
 cloak 
 
 gai ter era vat' 
 
 ^po lo naise 
 
 
 Direction.— Copy the following. 
 
 
 
 ■^ /^ 
 
 ^yi^ 
 
 ^^ y^^^^:^, -/Z'-z7-2^ --^/z^-^-e^ -a^i^'Cru/- / -^ 
 W^ -T^-lyfyty^/l^e^^ t^-G- ^t^C-^^^ d^^Z^'?^. —Bible. 
 
 Pronunciation.— I for'ed. ^ hang'ker chlf. 3 po lo naz'. 
 
52 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 
 
 IlEg50]\[ 4S. 
 
 
 
 What we Eat. 
 
 
 Meat, „^^^i8h. 
 
 * 
 
 chop 
 
 mut'ton eel 
 
 sar'dine 
 
 lamb 
 
 -sir loin smelt 
 
 stur geon 
 
 loin 
 
 sau sage perch 
 
 mack er el 
 
 beef 
 
 kid ney 'salm'on 
 
 shrimp 
 
 veal 
 
 ven i son -hal i but 
 
 oys'ter 
 
 steak 
 
 poult ry Jier ring 
 IlESSejM 49. 
 
 Yegetahles. 
 
 mus sel 
 
 kale 
 
 tur'nip ^sj^in'ach 
 
 cress 'es 
 
 on 'ion 
 
 cab bage eel er y 
 
 sal si fy 
 
 gar lie 
 
 pars nip mus tard 
 
 ar ti choke 
 
 . car rot 
 
 pars ley chic o ry 
 
 pump kin 
 
 » rad isb 
 
 ^gher kin po ta'toes 
 
 can li flow er 
 
 let tuce 
 
 cu cum ber to ma toes 
 
 IiEjsgejv S0. 
 
 -^s par 'a gus 
 
 
 Truits, 
 
 NuU, 
 
 quince 
 
 ba na'na blue'ber ry 
 
 ~ pe can' 
 
 lime 
 
 cit'ron ^Vhort le ber ry fil'bert 
 
 lem'on 
 
 rai sin (orshuck le ber ry 
 
 pea nut 
 
 mel on 
 
 a pri cot ^goose ber ry 
 
 wal nut 
 
 or ange 
 
 cur rant Vas]) ber ry 
 
 ^al mond 
 
 ber ry 
 
 nee tar ine pome grftn 'ate Vhest nut 
 
 Pronnnrladon.— ^pjtm'un. » ICt'tis. •giir'kin. < Bpln'ej. ' hwurt'l. •gooz. 
 'nU. "il'mund. 'chCs'nut. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 53 
 
 Review. 
 
 dA^<n€i€^ 
 
 ^dA^ad^^-u^d 
 
 
 4U 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 Ai^i^i9-n- 
 
 €1-14^ 
 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 toast 
 cheese 
 gru'el 
 cook y 
 waf ile 
 
 Various Articles of Food. 
 
 sal'ad 
 
 lion ey 
 bis cuit 
 
 om'e let 
 muf iin 
 cus tard 
 chow der 
 
 suc'co tash 
 sand wich 
 dough nut 
 mar ma lade 
 
 catch up (o?) dump ling sour-crout w) 
 
 eriil ler cat sup por ridge sour-krout 
 
54 1 
 
 WS^d Lessons. 
 
 
 
 IlE5g0]\I 53. 
 
 
 
 Relating to Food and Drink. 
 
 mace 
 
 so'da 
 
 mo las'ses 
 
 coffee 
 
 gin'ger --. sal e ra'tus 
 
 all 'spice 
 
 ^co coa 
 
 su gar 
 
 vin'e gar 
 
 cin na mon 
 
 choc o late 
 
 sir up 
 
 horn i ny 
 
 chow chow 
 
 break fast 
 
 su et 
 
 tap i o'ca 
 
 mac a ro'ni 
 
 Vict uals 
 
 yeast — 
 
 -gelatine 
 
 ver mi eel li 
 
 lunch eon 
 
 
 IiEgges 54. 
 
 
 
 The 
 
 Horse, etc. 
 
 
 balk 
 
 race 
 
 ^coup6 
 
 girth 
 
 rear 
 
 champ 
 
 chaise 
 
 crup'per 
 
 snort 
 
 neigh 
 
 bug'gy 
 
 - stir rup 
 
 pace 
 
 can'ter 
 
 car riage 
 
 pom mel 
 
 plunge 
 
 ^^whin ny 
 
 pha e ton 
 
 *breech ing 
 
 am'ble 
 
 gal lop 
 
 sulk y 
 
 -sur cin gle 
 
 
 IlEggON 55. 
 
 
 Relatives. 
 
 The Wind. 
 
 fa'tlier 
 
 niece 
 
 breeze 
 
 cy 'clone 
 
 moth er 
 
 neph'ew 
 
 squall 
 
 si moon' 
 
 pa pa' 
 
 cons in 
 
 gale 
 
 ty phoon 
 
 niani niii 
 
 (laugh ter 
 
 zephyr 
 
 tor na do 
 
 uncle 
 
 broth er 
 
 tern pest 
 
 whirl'wind 
 
 aunt 
 
 kin dred 
 
 hur ri cane 
 
 *bliz zard 
 
 Prouuiiclatlou.— 1 kD'ko. ' vU'l^ » koo p;T. « brlch'lnjj. 
 ♦ A "tKid'-v w.wm- -'<•>••••« .,.-.,.....».... I. w! hy H hiirricnnc rM"! «>vtr<.nic cold. 
 
A Complete Spellei\ 
 
 55 
 
 liE^geM ^6. 
 
 curb 
 gut'ter 
 al ley 
 sew er 
 a i*e a 
 
 may 'or 
 av e nue 
 rail ing 
 hy drant 
 hos pi tal 
 
 The City, 
 sa loon' 
 ten'e ment 
 pave ment 
 
 ca the' dral 
 me trop o lis 
 em po ri um 
 
 lamp-post — res'tau rant 
 mu §e'um ^aq ue duct 
 
 awn ing pre cinct om'ni bus ^reservoir 
 
 The House— without and within, 
 
 at 'tic beartb clos'et 
 
 gar ret cor 'nice li bra ry 
 
 kitch en ceil ing bal us ter 
 
 par lor man tel bal us trade 
 
 eel lar ^cup board chim ney 
 
 fur nace laun dry par ti'tion 
 
 eaves 
 porch 
 pi az'za 
 ve ran da 
 bal'co ny 
 wain scot 
 
 um 
 chi'na 
 cast er 
 cru et 
 ba sin 
 tu reen' 
 
 Things in the House. 
 
 ket'tle pitch 'er bu'reau 
 
 can is ter sau cer scis sors 
 
 crock er y scut tie mir ror 
 
 dredg er 'bel lows cur tain 
 
 giid i ron bed stead mat tress 
 
 col an der cov er let ot to man 
 
 Pronunciation.— ' itk'wc dQkt. ' rex er vwOr'. 3 kub'iird. ■'bSl'Ias. 
 
56 Word Lessons. 
 
 Home. 
 
 Direction. — Co[)y and study. 
 ^2^'M^C''tye' 'It-'/^ 'A^try^T^-e'. —J. Howard Payne. 
 
 t''yt'^-^2ytr^i-'0€' ^crA ^'A^ -tZ^^^^C^t?-?^ . —Wasihingtini Irviiuj. 
 -t^yi^ Al't^d' Al^-O-T^yi^. —Goethe. 
 
 iJ '/l^l^l^'f^^r^ui^. —Hare. 
 
 'Ci' xyAi^^^ 't^yi- *^ -i^f^^^W^ "t^iyt^ "iz-'&r^'id 'C^e/, 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 IiEgS0N 68. 
 
 
 
 
 Review. 
 
 
 diZ^PO^ 
 
 
 4/^i:/^€?>U 
 
 d/M4u^ 
 
 
 ■y 
 
 
 
 
 -^^^^^^/^^ 
 
 4^^d^4-4A^iU4 
 
 
 /u4^€^^ 
 
 
 
 
 0^^^f4^ 
 
 
 du4i:4yn^^^ 
 
 LEggeN 6j. 
 
 d^OUdtHd 
 
 Building. 
 
 Material. Tools. 
 
 lath§ screw adz or adze trow'el 
 H'ron knob plane hatch et 
 
 mor tar 
 cem ent 
 bat tens 
 shin gle 
 
 joist 
 gird', 
 scani 
 ^clap 
 
 square 
 er lathe 
 : ling bev'el 
 board mal let 
 
 chis el 
 gim let 
 au ger 
 com pass es 
 
 Pronunciation.—^ T'um. 2 klab'burd. 
 
58 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 ot'ter 
 rab bit 
 wea sel 
 hy e'na 
 gi raff e 
 ga zelle 
 
 Wild Animals. 
 
 ^cliam'ois er'mine -^ j^ck'al 
 
 monk ey leop ard — • rhi noc'e ros 
 
 rein deer squir rel --^ich neu mon 
 
 an te lope el e pliant ea mel o pard 
 
 ^bab oon' rac coon' o pos sum 
 
 go ril la kan ga roo' -o rang'-ou tang' 
 
 
 llEggeN 6aJ. 
 
 
 
 
 Trees. 
 
 
 elm 
 
 palm 
 
 pop'lar 
 
 ma hog'a ny 
 
 birch 
 
 cy 'press 
 
 hick o ry 
 
 pal met to 
 
 spruce 
 
 eb ny 
 
 hem lock 
 
 ai Ian tus 
 
 ol'ive 
 
 holly 
 
 plant ain 
 
 syc'a more 
 
 CO coa 
 
 ban yan 
 
 al der 
 
 ar'bor-vi'ta^ 
 
 ce dar 
 
 ^chest nut ca tal'pa 
 IlEggON 64. 
 
 lig'num-vi'tfB 
 
 
 
 Water. 
 
 
 Namet. 
 
 Actions. 
 
 QnaliHea. 
 
 creek 
 
 purl 
 
 seethe 
 
 pure 
 
 rap 'ids 
 
 surge 
 
 gur'gle 
 
 clear 
 
 riv u let 
 
 spirt 
 
 bub ble 
 
 tur'bid 
 
 cat a ract 
 
 spout 
 
 spark le 
 
 lim pid 
 
 fount ain 
 
 foam 
 
 rip pie 
 
 crys tal 
 
 cas cad^' 
 
 ed'dy 
 
 trick le 
 
 trans par'ent 
 
 Pronnnclatlon.— ) sMtn'my. 'Ikntl'mon. "chPp. 
 
A Complete Speller, 59 
 
 Earth, Sea, and Sky. 
 
 Direction. — Copy and study tlie following. 
 
 -^^^ d'fl'&'th'/i^^tyc^ 'Cn^tyf ^-t^Jy^t^^t^-e^ ^-t^^yy?., t^-y-^iyr/ '^^^^ 
 
 •2^-^%^-^/ ^l^ft^-e/iy^ "UJ-^^-^A^-e- d-^-r^ -nyrz^'t^ d-^^ ^yj^e-^ / 
 
 yt^'J^l^ 'OlT^tyld / €^^ ^lA/-l?-t7-r^ £2>z^^^^^/ ^t^lyyiyC^ '/l^d 
 ^-e^e^'l^ dtz^^^^-^ -^^. (i:^;^^^ ^yi.'C^^t^l^' ^i^t^d 
 
 ^n^ ^"l-e-t^-t^ 'yi^-v^t^ ■C'-yi-uA^-c-'yi^ , -t^yz- -z^j-^t^-c-yi- 'ti-'e'-e^d 
 
 J/ ^ // ^ 
 
 1A 
 
 Hanf, Christian Andersen. 
 
 To the Teaclier.— Help the pupil to see the picture which Andersen 
 here draws. 
 
6o 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 
 
 liEgSGJM 66. 
 
 
 
 The 
 
 Country. 
 
 
 field 
 
 knoll 
 
 verd'ure 
 
 cot'tage 
 
 stream 
 
 plain 
 
 ter race 
 
 buck et 
 
 shmbs 
 
 bri'ers 
 
 mead ow 
 
 or chard 
 
 swamp 
 
 gar den 
 
 past ure 
 
 hill ock 
 
 ridge 
 
 for est 
 
 quar ry 
 
 mount ain 
 
 woods 
 
 val ley 
 
 prec i pice 
 
 pig-sty 
 
 
 • IlEggejSI 67. 
 
 
 
 The Farm. 
 
 
 hoe 
 
 scythe 
 
 siek'le 
 
 drain 
 
 spade 
 
 mow'er 
 
 wag on 
 
 ditch 
 
 flaii 
 
 era die 
 
 bar row 
 
 fur'row 
 
 plow (0^) 
 
 reap er 
 
 crow-bar 
 
 dai ry 
 
 plough 
 
 thrash er 
 
 ox en 
 
 man ger 
 
 trough 
 
 har row 
 
 eat tie 
 
 gran a ry 
 
 
 IlESSON 6S. 
 
 
 
 The 
 
 J Farm. 
 
 
 Kinds of land. 
 
 Fertilizers. 
 
 Things produced. 
 
 ar'a ble 
 
 ster'ile 
 
 ^gua'no 
 
 swath 
 
 fer tile 
 
 bar ren 
 
 muck 
 
 Vind'row 
 
 till a ble 
 
 boggy 
 
 ma nure' 
 
 *row en 
 
 fruit ful 
 
 sand y 
 
 com 'post 
 
 fod der 
 
 loam y 
 
 elay ey 
 
 gyp sum 
 
 pr5d uce 
 
 marsh y 
 
 fa low 
 
 phos phate 
 
 *aft er math 
 
 Pronunciation.— > gwU'nO. « wln'rO. ♦ Second growth of grass In a season. 
 
A Complete Speller. 6i 
 
 ItE^gejSI 69. 
 
 Direction. — Copy and study the following. 
 
 Q^7-7^i^ /A-€^ (3^^t?-C4yyiy^t^M^ 
 
 
 
 't?-My -t^^iy-e- ^7-^2ytrt d^'O' d-TMy-g^^ -Z^^^ 
 
 "^Emerson. 
 
62 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 
 
 l£EgJ5G]\[ 70. 
 
 
 
 Review. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <pu.CiZ'm.€^i^ 
 
 
 A^^^j^^i^ce 
 
 Pertaining to Numbers 
 
 >. 
 
 Direction. — Study the spelling ; copy the line in script. 
 
 first trip'le fifth 
 sin'gle tliir teen fifteenth 
 sec ond thir ti eth eighth 
 doub le four teen eight 'eenth 
 three for ty eight i eth 
 tliird for ti eth nine ty 
 
 nine'ti eth 
 twelve 
 twelfth 
 hun'dred 
 thou sand 
 mill ion 
 
 y/d/^ J$.^^ 
 
 J^ ^^ ^00' 
 
 ^ y/Oy/d/, 
 
 * No jieriofl 1m pluri;d uftur thcso cxpressionH— they aro not trcatt'il na nblirevi- 
 
 atinii-. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 63 
 
 Abbreviations * — States. 
 
 Direction. — Study the spelling of the words, and copy the abbrevia- 
 tions. Notice the period after each abbreviation. 
 
 Al a ba'ma, QJ^^-tz. 
 
 ^Ar kan'sas, G^^. 
 
 Cal i f or'ni a, ^^iz/^ 
 
 Col o ra'do, /^^^. 
 Con nect'i cut, ^^^z^^. 
 
 Del'a ware, <^^^i 
 Flor'i da, 
 Geor'gi a, 
 II li nois', 
 
 '■tz. 
 
 Indi 
 
 ana. 
 
 I'o wa, 
 
 Kansas, 
 
 Ken tuck'y, ^2^^. 
 
 ^2€tz-^td. 
 
 ci. 
 
 Lou i §i a'na, 
 
 Maine, 
 
 Ma'ry land, 
 
 Mas sa chu'setts, 
 
 Mi^li'i gan, 
 
 Min ne so'ta, 
 
 Mis sis sip pi, 
 
 Mis sou'ri, 
 
 Ne bras'ka, 
 
 Ne va'da, 
 
 NewHamp'sMre, 
 
 New Jersey, Cyf. 
 
 jSew York, 
 
 -ezdd. 
 
 
 
 *In this and the next lesson we give the abbreviations of the States and Territories, 
 as now regulated by the "U. S. Official Postal Guide." 
 
 The similarity, when rapidly written of the abbreviations Cal.^ Col.; la., lo.; Nd).^ 
 Nev., etc., has been the occasion of much confusion. 
 
 ^ or Ar'kan saw. The State Legislature has made this the legal pronunciation. 
 
64 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Abbreviations— States and Territories. 
 
 Direction. — Study the spelling of the words, and copy the abbrevia 
 tions. Notice the period after each abbreviation. 
 
 Noi-tli . . 
 
 CaroH'na, c/f. ^, 
 
 Ohio, 
 
 Or'e gon, €y^e 
 
 Penn syl va'- L/ii. 
 
 Khode Isl'and 
 
 ,Q.c^. 
 
 South ^ y; 
 
 Car o li'na, 0. ^. 
 
 Ten nes see', G^^^. 
 
 Tex 'as, O^^. 
 
 Vermont', Q^/. 
 
 Virgin'ia, 6^. 
 
 Virgin'! a, Qf. Oil. 
 
 Wis con 'sin. 
 United States, Ql. ^. 
 
 ^d. 
 
 A las'ka, (Oi^d^-tz 
 
 Ar i zo'na, Q^-^. 
 
 Dako'ta, ^€i^. 
 
 I 'da ho, o/'Ci'tzAo 
 
 In'dian, Cy'n^/.c/. 
 
 Mon ta'na, o4u€^-n/. 
 
 New y yy 
 
 Mex'ico, C>r.cJU^. 
 
 U'tah, 
 
 Wash'- 
 ing ton, 
 
 (^ 
 
 ^/^ 
 
 District of Columbia, 
 
 Wyo'ming, 6v^<^. 
 
 I A 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 65 
 
 IiEjsgeN 74. 
 
 Abbreviations— Months and Days. 
 
 Direction. — Study the spelling of the words, and copy the abbrevla 
 
 tions. 
 
 January, 
 
 Feb'ru a ry, 
 
 March, 
 
 April, 
 
 May, 
 
 June, 
 
 July, 
 
 August, 
 
 September, 
 
 October, 
 
 November, 
 
 December, 
 
 5 
 
 /' 
 
 €1^. 
 
 ^W^ 
 
 ^^. 
 
 
 u 
 
 €0/. 
 
 
 Sunday, 
 
 Monday, 
 
 Tuesday, 
 
 Wednesday, 
 
 Thursday, 
 
 Friday, 
 
 Saturday, 
 
 i3^^. 
 
 
 
 
 (instant) the pres-^^^ 
 ent month, 
 
 (ultimo) the last ^ 
 month. 
 
 (proximo) the 
 next month. 
 
 €^. 
 
66 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 IlESJSejVI 75. 
 
 Abbreviations— Names and Titles. 
 
 Direction. — Study the spelling of the words, and copy the abbrevia- 
 tions. 
 
 <t. 
 
 
 Alexander, 
 
 Benjamin, 
 
 Charles, 
 
 Daniel, ^^-tz 
 
 Frederic ((^rck), <0/i€4Z. 
 
 George, 
 
 James, 
 
 Joseph, 
 
 Robert, 
 
 Samuel, 
 
 Theodore, 
 
 Thomas, 
 
 
 
 et?. 
 
 Captain, yZ^^A/. 
 
 ^Colonel, ^€^/. 
 
 Doctor, ^"l. 
 
 General, J^^. 
 
 Honorable, J^^^. 
 Major, 
 Mister, 
 
 Mistress, 
 (Missis) 
 
 Professor, 
 
 Reverend, 
 
 
 
 Doctor of 
 Divinity, 
 
 Doctor of Medicine, CM.i 
 
 Pronunciation.— > kur'uel. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 67 
 
 Abbreviations — Business. 
 
 Direction. — Study the spelling of the words, and copy the abbrevia- 
 tions. 
 
 at, @ 
 
 account, ^ or ^-dyl. 
 
 barrel, 
 
 bustel, 
 
 cent, ^ or iyt. 
 
 Credit, , ^^. 
 
 Collect on /^ 
 delivery, 
 
 same (ditto), ^ 
 
 dozen, 
 
 Debtor, 
 
 gallon, 
 
 handkerchief, 
 
 merchandise, 4n^e 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 {Messieurs) 
 
 Number, 
 
 ounce, 
 
 payment, 
 
 per cent., 
 
 Post-Office, 
 
 pound, 
 
 quart, 
 
 Received, 
 
 yard, 
 
 dollar, 
 
 and Company, 
 
 (Hd, 
 
 tP. 
 
 "7- 
 
 ■€^ 
 
 J. 
 
 y^. 
 
 €?<. 
 
 (For other abbreviations eee p. 116.) 
 
68 
 
 Word Lesson:;, 
 
 
 
 Miscellaneous Test Words 
 
 ;. 
 
 Direction.- 
 
 -IlJustratc the use 
 
 of each word. The words are arranged 
 
 aiphabctically 
 
 to aid iu consulting the dictionary. 
 
 
 77. 
 
 78^. 
 
 79. 
 
 SO. 
 
 ab'sence 
 
 ex eel' 
 
 mag a zine' 
 
 ra'zor 
 
 atom 
 
 fa'tal 
 
 med'i cine 
 
 rum mage 
 
 axle 
 
 fir kin 
 
 mes sage 
 
 ^scal lop 
 
 bag gage 
 
 fuzz 
 
 monk 
 
 schol ar 
 
 bar gain 
 
 glut 'ton 
 
 mul'isli 
 
 skir mish 
 
 blu ing 
 
 gnarled 
 
 mur mur 
 
 sol emn 
 
 blur 
 
 gos'sip 
 
 mys ter y 
 
 sor rel 
 
 but 'ton 
 
 gouge 
 
 notck 
 
 spe cie 
 
 eat kin 
 
 griz'zly 
 
 o'val 
 
 spe cies 
 
 cbalk y 
 
 liag gard 
 
 pal ace 
 
 spiral 
 
 cher ub 
 
 liar ass 
 
 pal lid 
 
 stam mer 
 
 ci der 
 
 hoi i day 
 
 par a sol 
 
 stub born 
 
 cir cus 
 
 tumor 
 
 par eel 
 
 syr inge 
 
 cleat 
 
 in no cent 
 
 pi e ty 
 
 tas sel 
 
 con trol' 
 
 i vo ly 
 
 pil grim 
 
 tor rent 
 
 crev'ice 
 
 ivy 
 
 pi ous 
 
 trel lis 
 
 cush ion 
 
 jeal ous 
 
 pi ra cy 
 
 tru ant 
 
 dirk 
 
 jock ey 
 
 pit i f ul 
 
 tus sle 
 
 diz'zy 
 
 £er sene 
 
 piv ot 
 
 weap on 
 
 driz zly 
 
 laggard 
 
 plu mage 
 
 wheeze 
 
 ear ly 
 
 lapel' 
 
 polar 
 
 wince 
 
 e clipse' 
 
 lim'it 
 
 'por poise 
 
 wiz'ard 
 
 en cir cle 
 
 loi ter 
 
 pshaw 
 
 wool ly 
 
 er'rand 
 
 loz enge 
 
 pud 'ding 
 
 wriggle 
 
 Pronunciation*— > pOr^puc. * tkOl lap. 
 
PART IL 
 
 liEggON SJ. 
 
 Capital Letters— Rules. 
 
 Begin with a capital letter — The first word of (1) a 
 sentence, (2) a line of jDoetrj, (3) a direct quotation making 
 complete sense. 
 
 Begin with capital letters — (4) Proper names, titles 
 used with them, and words formed from them, (5) names 
 of things personified, (6) names of the months of the year 
 and the days of the week, (7) names of the Deity, (8) prin- 
 cipal words in the titles of books, essays, etc. 
 
 Write in capital letters — (9) The words / and 0, and 
 (10) numbers in the Eoman notation. 
 
 Examples. — (1, 2) The Lord iny pasture shall prepare. 
 
 And feed me with a shepherd's care. — Addison. 
 (3) Solomon says, "How forcible are right words !" (4) Dr. 0. W. 
 Holmes, Boston, Mass. American, English, (o) Jocund Day stands 
 tip-toe on the misty mountain top. (6) Monday, January. (7) Most 
 High, Creator. (8) Prescott's History of the Conquest of Mexico, My 
 Walk to School. (9) Then I cried, " father ! " (10) Henry VIII., 
 Louis XVI. 
 
 To the Teacher. — Select exercises and require the pupils to give reasons 
 for the use of capitals. Let them write original sentences illustrating the 
 rules above. 
 
 Punctuation. 
 
 To the Teacher. — By the copying required in Part L, the pupil has be- 
 come familiar with the more common marks of punctuation. We should 
 give but few formal rules until some progress has been made in the analysis 
 of sentences. Let the pupil give general reasons for the use of marks met 
 with in copying and for those used in his original sentences. 
 
70 Word Lessons, 
 
 Definitions. 
 
 A Vowel is a letter that stands for a iVee^ open sound of the 
 voice. 
 
 The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, w, and y ; w and y are consonants at 
 the beginning of a word or a syllable ; as in wet, yet j they are 
 vowels in new, cow, dying, duty. 
 
 A Consonant is a letter that stands for a soand made by the 
 obstructed voice or the obstructed breath.* 
 
 A Diphthong is a union of two vowels in the same syllable, as 
 in bread, 
 
 A Triphthong is a union of three vowels in the same syllable^ 
 ns in heau, 
 
 A Syllable is one or more letters pronounced by a single effort 
 of the voice. 
 
 Accent is stress of voice on a particular syllable of a word. 
 
 Examples. — Com pel' has two syllables, and un nec'es sa ry has 
 five. The little mark placed after pel' and nee' indicates accent. 
 
 A Monosyllable is a word of one syllable. 
 
 A Dissyllable is a word of two sylhibles. 
 
 A Trisyllable is a word of tliree syllables. 
 
 A I'olysyllable is a word of more than three syllables. 
 
 A Prefix is au addition to the bet^inningr of a word. 
 
 A Suffix is an addition to the end of a word. 
 
 A Primitive word is one not derived from anotlier word in the 
 same language. 
 
 A Derivative word is one derived from another word; as, 
 ?inman///, man boinff the primitive, or root, word. 
 
 A Compound word is one composed of two or more simple 
 words. 
 
 * A, which represeutB a mere forcible breathing, it an exception. 
 
A Complete Speller. 71 
 
 JLiEgf;e]\i g5. 
 
 Classes of Consonants. 
 
 Explanation,— The two classes of consonants are here arranged In separate 
 columns. Those in Col. " 1 " are called vocal consonants {voice cori£onant8), and those 
 in Col. " 2 " are called aspirates {breath consonants). 
 
 The letters with dots between them form pairs. Give the sound of the first letter 
 of any pair, and you will find that, as the voice stops, the vanishing sound will be the 
 sound of the other letter. The tongue, teeth, lips, and palate are in the same posi- 
 tion for both, the only difference being that in one there is voice, and in the other 
 only a whisper. 
 
 Direction. — Practice on these sounds, giving them first in words and 
 then separately. Do not confuse the name of a letter with its sound. 
 
 1 2 1 2 
 
 Vocal Consonants. Aspirates. Vocal Consonants. A.8pirates. 
 
 b p r 
 
 d t til (in thine). . . th (in thin) 
 
 g k V f 
 
 h w 
 
 J ch y 
 
 1 z (in zone) s 
 
 111 *z (in azure) sh 
 
 n. 
 
 To the pupil. — c, q, and x are not found in the columns above, 
 c = k or s ; q = k ; x = ks or gz. 
 
 ItEJSgejM S4. 
 Marked Letters — Consonants. 
 
 Direction. — Learn what the following marks mean, and practice on 
 the different sounds, first in the word and then separately. Give other 
 words containing these sounds. 
 
 ^ soft {= s), in 9ent. s, sharp (unmarked), in same. 
 
 -e, hard (= k), in call. g, soft {= z), in ha§. 
 
 ch (unmarked) in child. th, sharp (unmarked) in thin. 
 
 9h, soft (= sh), in 9haise. 4fr, soft or vocal, in ^is. 
 
 ■eh, hard (= k), in €horus. n (= ng), in ink. 
 
 g:, hard, in get. ? (= gz), in e^ist. 
 
 ^,soft (= j), in gem. 
 
 * See note p. 73. 
 
^2 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 liE53©N Si. 
 
 To tlie Teaclier.— Explain the meaning of any words with which the 
 pupils may not be familiar, then require oral sentences to illustrate all the 
 words. 
 
 ♦9«2^ = 
 
 : 8 %harp. 
 
 -e hard and -eh hard = k. 
 
 ^en'tral 
 
 ser'mon 
 
 -eow'ard 
 
 -^ho'rus 
 
 a§id 
 
 sad die 
 
 -€or al 
 
 -ehro mo 
 
 gis tern 
 
 safe ty 
 
 -eack le 
 
 -ehron ic 
 
 gi gar' 
 
 sen ate 
 
 -€ul prit 
 
 -Ghris tian 
 
 ^yl'm der 
 
 sen ti nel 
 
 •€ur ry 
 
 -Ghrist mas 
 
 IlEJSgeN S6. 
 
 ell (unmarked). 
 
 tch = eh. 
 
 9I1 so/f - 
 
 = 8h. 
 
 lurcli 
 
 sketch 
 
 ^ha rade' 
 
 shud'der 
 
 clench 
 
 stretch 
 
 §ham pagne 
 
 shad ow 
 
 torch 
 
 hatch 
 
 ghe mi§e 
 
 shal low 
 
 scorch 
 
 blotch 
 
 ma gh'ine 
 
 shin y 
 
 char'i ty 
 
 satch'el 
 
 ghiv'al ry 
 
 shag ^ 
 
 IlEggON S7. 
 
 tl = 8ll 
 
 el = 8h 
 
 8l = all 
 
 ■ = 8h 
 
 cau'tious 
 
 so'cial 
 
 man'sion 
 
 sng'ar 
 
 mip tial 
 
 de fi'cient 
 
 pen sion 
 
 cen sure 
 
 pe ti'tion 
 
 fe ro cious 
 
 ^mis sion 
 
 press are 
 
 va ca tion 
 
 es pe cial 
 
 di ver'sion 
 
 as sure' 
 
 es sen tial 
 
 ma gi cian 
 
 ^con fes sion 
 
 nau'se ate 
 
 * c is foft before 0, i, and y. 
 
 * Pronounced mksh'un and confish'un (one k id silent). 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 73 
 
 
 IiEssejvE ss. 
 
 
 To the Teacher.— Explain words not familiar to the 
 
 pupils, and require 
 
 illustrations. 
 
 
 
 
 ^hard. 
 
 g«Qr^=j. 
 
 ds=j. 
 
 s soft = z. 
 
 ghastly 
 
 gym'nast 
 
 budge 
 
 go§'ling 
 
 i^uggy 
 
 gyp«7 
 
 trudge 
 
 noi§ y 
 
 gos pel 
 
 en gme 
 
 grudge 
 
 dis ea§e' 
 
 gib bous 
 
 mar gin 
 
 dredore 
 
 di§ §olve 
 
 gos sip 
 
 herb age 
 
 drudge 
 
 di§ as trous 
 
 
 IlESSejVI S9. 
 
 
 n(=ng) 
 
 and ng. 
 
 ♦?.-xgZ. 
 
 X (unmarked) = ks 
 
 Yan'kee 
 
 eon'gress 
 
 e:§: haust' 
 
 ex 'lie 
 
 wrink le 
 
 an guish 
 
 e? empt 
 
 ex it 
 
 hun ger 
 
 sprink le 
 
 e^ ert 
 
 ex tra. 
 
 trink at 
 
 bang ing 
 
 e:^ am ine 
 
 ex treme' 
 
 Ian guage 
 
 swing ing 
 
 e:?: hib it 
 
 expel 
 
 IlEggeN 90. 
 
 t z (zh) = zi, si, s. wh = hiv, qu = lew. ph, gh = /. 
 
 az'ure 
 
 gla zier 
 con fu'sion 
 ex plo sion 
 pleas 'ure 
 
 wharf 
 whoa 
 wheeze 
 whit'tle 
 whirl i gig 
 
 quote 
 quell 
 quo 'rum 
 quarry 
 que ry 
 
 ci'pher 
 or phan 
 al pha bet 
 e nough' 
 laugh 'ter 
 
 * X usually has this sound when Tollowed by an accented vowel. 
 
 t This vocal consonant is the result of an attempt to sound z and y together (zi 
 and si = zy) (sv. = zyod), and is simply .>-^ made vocal. It is indicated in works on 
 pronunciation by zh, but z and h never come together in the spelling of an English 
 word. 
 
Word Lessons. 
 
 LEggejsi 9}. 
 
 shouldn't 
 
 two 
 
 kicked 
 
 fair 
 
 kisses 
 
 perhaps 
 
 waves 
 
 screamed 
 
 good-by 
 
 dozens 
 
 much 
 
 could 
 
 dear 
 
 meant 
 
 blew 
 
 ocean 
 
 sea 
 
 afraid 
 
 least 
 
 breeze 
 
 Direction. — Fill the following "blanks with words from the list above. 
 
 My dear May, — How do you like the ? Not ; it's 
 
 so big. But you like a nice little that you put into a 
 
 pan ? 
 
 Have the ever run over you yet, and turned your little 
 
 shoes into pumps full of water ? Have you been bathed yet in the sea, 
 
 and were you ? I was, the fii'st time ; and me, how I 
 
 and ! or at to scream ; but the sea, ships and all, began 
 
 to run into my mouth, and so I shut it up. 
 
 And now, . The last I of for you, but 
 
 the wind changed, and I am afraid took them all to Miss H., or some- 
 body that it shouldn't. — ffood. 
 
 Direction. — Copy ihs following^ and study the italicized loords. 
 
 She was dead. No sleep so beautiful and calm, so free from trace of 
 pain, so fair to look upon. She seemed a creature fresh from the hand 
 of God, and waiting for the breath of life ; not one who had lived, and 
 suffered death. Her couch was dressed with here and there some winter- 
 berrics and green leaves, gathered in a spot she had been used to favor. 
 ** When I die, put near me something that has loved the light, and had 
 the sky above it always. " These were her words. 
 
 She was dead. Dear, gentle, patient, noble Nell was dead. Her little 
 bird — a poor, slight thing, the pressure of a finger would have crushed 
 — ^was stirring nimbly in its cage ; and the strong heart of its child- 
 miatress was mute and motionless forever. — Dickers. — Death of Little 
 Kelt 
 
A Complete Speller. 75 
 
 
 IlEpgejVI 95. 
 
 
 
 Measures of Time. 
 
 
 hour 
 
 sec'ond dec'ade 
 
 fort 'night 
 
 montli 
 
 min ute ^p ocli 
 
 sea son 
 
 year 
 
 fore noon cen tu ry 
 
 au tumn 
 
 Direction. — Copy and study the following. 
 
 We live in deeds, not years ; in thoughts, not breaths ; 
 
 In feelings, not in figures on a dial. 
 
 We should count time by heart-throbs. He most lives 
 
 Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best. — P. J. Bailey c 
 
 IlEggSN 94. 
 
 I>irection Copy the following^ and study the italicized words. 
 
 I steal by lawns and grassy plots, 
 
 I slide by hazel covers ; 
 I move the sweet forget-me-nois 
 
 That grow for happy lovers. 
 
 I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glanee, 
 
 Among my skimming swallows; 
 I make the netted sunbeam dance 
 
 Against my sandy shallows. 
 
 I murmur under moon and stars 
 
 In hrambly imlderncsses ; 
 I linger by my shingly bars ; 
 
 I loiter round my cresses ; 
 
 And out again I curve and flow 
 
 To join the "brimming river ; — 
 For men may come, and men may go, 
 
 But I go on forever. — Tennyson. — TheBrooJc, 
 
76 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 IlEggeN 9^- 
 
 Some Useful Prefixes. 
 
 un and dis mean not or the opposite act ; as, wwsafe, not safe ; 
 wwtie, tlie opposite of tie, to loose ; (Zishonest, not 
 honest ; (^/sagree, the opposite of agree, to differ. 
 
 mis means wrong or wrongly ; as, w^isconduct, wrong con- 
 duct ; Twisjudge, to judge wrongly. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to spell the following words, and define them as 
 in the examples above. 
 
 Caution.— Do not double the s In dis and miSf and do not drop the 
 8 when the root-word heg^ins with 8. 
 
 un lock' 
 
 di§ hon'or 
 
 mis guide' 
 
 un fair 
 
 dis bey' 
 
 mis spell 
 
 un load 
 
 dis loy'al 
 
 mis lead 
 
 un true 
 
 dis sim i lar 
 
 mis print 
 
 un veil 
 
 dis sat is fy 
 IlE33eM 96. 
 
 mis spend 
 
 Direction. — Study and define as 
 
 before. 
 
 un ea'sy 
 
 dis cour'age 
 
 mis man'age 
 
 un health y 
 
 dis heart en 
 
 mis deed 
 
 un nerve 
 
 dis ap pear' 
 
 mis car ry 
 
 un clean 
 
 dis please' 
 
 mis state 
 
 un lace 
 
 dis a gree' 
 
 mis di reef 
 
 un hitch 
 
 dLs com 'fort 
 
 mis judge' 
 
 un stead y 
 
 dis ad van'tage 
 
 mis step 
 
 un a ware' 
 
 dis ap prove 
 
 mis quote 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 77 
 
 IlEJS58N 97. 
 Some Useful Suffixes. 
 
 ed means did ; as, walke^Z, did walk. 
 
 cr, in adjectives, means more ; as, wiser, more wise. 
 
 er, in nouns, means one who or that which ; as, teacher, one 
 
 who teaches ; heater, that which heats. 
 e§t means most ; aS; wisest, most wise. 
 iiig means continuing ; as, walk^7^^, continuing to walk. 
 i§li means lihe or somewhat ; as, child^'^A, like a child ; 
 
 sweetis/i, someiohat sweet. 
 able and ibie mean alle, fit to he, or causi?ig ; as, eatable, 
 
 fit to be eaten ; dhiaible, able to be diyided. 
 ful mesiRsfuU of; as, joyful, full of joy. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to spell the following words, and define them as 
 in the examples above. 
 
 pitch 'ing 
 touch ing 
 fetched 
 
 weak'er 
 weak est 
 build er 
 
 hea'then ish 
 green ish 
 bear a ble 
 
 ter'ri ble 
 beau ti ful 
 peace ful 
 
 Direction.— Spell and define as above. 
 
 hor'ri ble cheap'er grat'er pain 'ful 
 
 per ish a ble droll est elf isli faith ful 
 
 scour ing wait er pa gan ish grate ful 
 
 i ron ing strain er girl ish doubt ful 
 
 vis it ed great est sour ish hon or a ble 
 
 screeched. great er wasp ish tax a ble 
 
78 
 
 Word LessoTis. 
 
 IlESSeN 99. 
 Suffixes — Continued. 
 
 \y means like or manner ; as, manZ?/, like a man ; brave?^, 
 
 in a brave manner, 
 ne§8 means state of hemg ; as, iWnesSy state of being ill. 
 Ie§§ means witliout ; as, homeless, ivitliout a home. 
 en, in adjectives, means made of] in verbs, to make; as, 
 
 woode^i, made o/wood; shorten, to rnake short. 
 ons means /wZZ o/; as, ]ojous, full of jo j. 
 § or es, added to nouns, means more than one ; as, boy^, 
 
 churches. 
 '§ means belonging to or possession ; as, man's, belonging to 
 
 man. 
 
 Direction.— Learn to spell the following words, and define them as 
 in the examples above. 
 
 calmly 
 
 firm'ness 
 
 bircli'en 
 
 at'las es 
 
 court ly 
 
 deaf ness 
 
 length en 
 
 cam el's 
 
 worth less 
 
 lead en 
 
 dan ger ous 
 
 cam els 
 
 Direction. — Spell and define as above. 
 
 shrewdly mis'chiev ous guiltless 
 
 chief ly wretch ed ness aim less 
 
 dear ly prompt ness heart less 
 
 meek ly fierce ness match less 
 
 proud ly smooth ness moist en 
 
 coarse ly griev ous isth mus es 
 
 mor tal ly won drous vil lag es 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 79 
 
 
 liEggeN )0j. 
 
 
 
 Kinds of Cloth. 
 
 
 jean 
 
 al pac'a 
 
 vel' vet 
 
 cash 'mere 
 
 baize 
 
 de laine 
 
 dam ask 
 
 cas si mere 
 
 chintz 
 
 me rino 
 
 mo hair 
 
 buck ram 
 
 cal'i CO 
 
 sat 'in 
 
 ker sey 
 
 cor du roy 
 
 cot ton 
 
 si le'si a 
 
 cam brie 
 
 vel vet een' 
 
 chev i ot 
 
 flan'nel 
 
 ging ham 
 
 huck'a back 
 
 
 IiEssej^ Wi, 
 
 
 
 On the Writing-desk. 
 
 
 quill 
 
 e ras'er 
 
 po'et ry 
 
 di'a ry 
 
 quire 
 
 mn'ci lage 
 
 po em 
 
 dra ma 
 
 ream 
 
 en vel ope 
 
 stan za 
 
 com e dy 
 
 wa'fer 
 
 fools cap 
 
 coup let 
 
 trag e dy 
 
 cray on 
 
 port fol'io 
 
 son net 
 
 par dy 
 
 pen cil 
 
 pa'per- weight bal lad 
 
 liEJS^ejy J05. 
 Qualities known by 
 
 crit i cism 
 
 feeling. 
 
 signt. 
 
 smell. 
 
 taste. 
 
 sleek 
 
 squal'id 
 
 fra'grant 
 
 ra'cy 
 
 smooth 
 
 un couth' 
 
 dor ous 
 
 lus cious 
 
 coarse 
 
 pleas'ing 
 
 balm y 
 
 de li'cious 
 
 un e'ven 
 
 ra di ant 
 
 ar mafic 
 
 pun 'gent 
 
 tep'id 
 
 beau ti ful 
 
 sweet-scent'ed 
 
 sa vo ry 
 
 chill y 
 
 col ored 
 
 ran'cid 
 
 in sip 'id 
 
8o Word Lessons, 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Direction. — Practice on the following words till you can pronounce 
 them rapidly in succession without error. 
 
 Caution.— Final a unaccented lias a brief sound of a in far. 
 Avoid a or I. 
 
 A mer'i ca, al'ge bra, al pac'a, Chi'na, com'ma. 
 Em'ma, ex'tra, mica, so'fa, um brel'la. 
 
 Caution.— Avoid adding tlie sound of r to words like tlie toWow- 
 ing ; as, aawr *er for saw her. 
 
 awe, claw, draw, gnaw, law, saw, 
 com'ma, Em'ma, i de'a, po ta'to, so'da. 
 
 Caution.— Do not give ow and ou (= aob) tlie drawling sound aoo, 
 and do not sound ow (= 5) like ur. 
 
 brow, cow, drown, how, now, town, 
 bound, found, house, pound, round, sound, 
 borrow, fel'low, hollow, mel'low, nai-'row, 
 pil'low, shal'low, swal'low, to-morrow, wid'ow. 
 
 Caution.— Do not sound ing like in. 
 
 see'ing, hear'ing, readying, writ'ing, com'ing, 
 talk'iug, walking, run'ning, go'ing, even ing. 
 
 Caution.— In the endings ent, ant, and ance, do not make tke e 
 and a prominent, and do not change them to u. 
 
 gov em meut, mon'u ment, mo'ment, si'lent, 
 ig'no rant, ig'no ranee, fra 'grant, fra'grancc. 
 
 To the Teacher.— It would be i)rofltable to take this lesson up occasiou- 
 ally in review. See remark to teacher, Less. 31. 
 
A Complete Speller, 8i 
 
 To the pupiL — The name of the type is printed in the type named. 
 Direction. — Spell the words. Copy the punctuation marks. 
 
 Type. 
 
 Punctuation. 
 
 di'amond. 
 
 pearl. 
 
 ag'ate. 
 
 com'ma 
 sem'i CO Ion 
 
 > 
 1 
 
 non pa rgil'. 
 
 colon 
 
 I 
 
 min'ion. 
 
 pe'ri od 
 
 , 
 
 bre vier'. 
 
 in ter ro ga'tion 
 
 p 
 
 * hour geois. 
 
 ex cla TYia'tion 
 
 T 
 
 long primer. 
 
 dash 
 
 — 
 
 small pi ca. 
 pi ca 
 
 pa ren 'the sis 
 quo ta'tioii 
 brack ets 
 
 ( ) 
 [ ] 
 
 'English. 
 
 hy'phen 
 
 
 great prim er. 
 
 caret 
 
 a pos'tro phe 
 
 A 
 
 > 
 
 llEgg@J\[ j06. 
 
 To the pupil. — Contractions Hke these are allowable in poetry of in 
 familiar speech, but not in formal prose composition. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to write these in sentences 
 
 ar'n't 
 
 e'er 
 
 I'd 
 
 ne'er 
 
 can't 
 
 hadn't 
 
 I'll 
 
 o'er 
 
 couldn't 
 
 hasn't 
 
 I'm 
 
 sha'n't 
 
 didn't 
 
 he'd 
 
 IVe 
 
 'tis 
 
 doesn't 
 
 he'll 
 
 isn't 
 
 'twiU 
 
 don't 
 
 he's 
 
 ma'am 
 
 won't 
 
 
 Pronunciation.— 
 
 G 
 
 ■> bur jois'. 2 ing'gHfih. 
 
 
82 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 IlEJSJS0]\I }07. 
 
 Adding Suffixes— Useful Rule. 
 
 RULE 1,— Final e is dropped before a vowel. 
 
 Direction. — Drop the final e from the root- word, and add the suf- 
 fixes, defining each new derivative as in the model. 
 
 ilfo<feI.— admired) did admire; admiring, continuing to admire f 
 ad'uii rable, fit to he admired ; admirer, one tcJio admires, 
 
 (Tlie ^^ model '' must 1>e varied to flt tlie different 'words and tlie 
 different meanings of the suffixes.) 
 
 ad mire' + ed, ing, able, er 
 ad vige + ed, ing, able, er 
 a dore + ed, ing, able, er 
 de sire + ed, ing, able 
 ex cuge + ed, ing, able 
 
 blame -\- ed, ing, able 
 move + ed, ing, able 
 note + ed, ing, able 
 
 val'ue + 
 
 "^g, 
 
 able 
 
 cen sure -|- ed, ing, able 
 
 (Why is tlie e not dropped in the follo^ving words 1) 
 
 blame/ess, jnoyement, hateful 
 
 To the Teacher. — Let the pupils construct short oral sentences ccn- 
 taining these derivatives. 
 
 IlE33®N IBS. 
 
 Direction. — Drop the final e and add the sufiixes. Define the last 
 
 six. 
 
 plague 4- ed, ing 
 guide + ed, ing 
 grieve + ed, ing 
 judge + ed, ing 
 () blige' -f ed, ing 
 e rase -|- ed, ing 
 
 man 'age + ed, ing rogue + ish 
 
 fence -j- ed, ing blue + ish 
 
 scare -j- ed, ing style -f ish 
 
 cease -f- ed, ing virtue -f- ous 
 
 a chieve' -f- ed, ing sale -\- able 
 
 re ceive -j- ed, ing cure -f able 
 
A Co7nplete Speller, 83 
 
 IiE]SJSeN j09. 
 
 Adding Suffixes— Useful Rule. 
 
 RULE 11.— In monosyllables and words accented on the last 
 syllable^ a final consonant after a single vowel doubles before a 
 suffix beginning with a vowel {dc, k, and v are never doubled). 
 
 Direction. — Add the suffixes as in preceding lessons. Be sure to 
 double the final consonant of the root-word. Define all derivatives as 
 in preceding " models," except those in cd and lag. 
 
 (IVliy is llie fiual consonant liere douT)Ied?) 
 
 fat + 6r, est, en spin + ing, er 
 
 mad + er, est, en SYv^im -)- ing, er 
 
 red + er, est, en shop -\- ing, er 
 
 thin -|- er, est, ish rob -\ ing, ed, er 
 
 glad -|- er, est, en drum -f ing, ed, er 
 
 hot 4- er, est plot + ing, ed, er 
 
 CWliy are I, r, and t not doubled in llie following -words ?) 
 
 con cealed', vig'or ous, ben'e fit ed, par'al leled 
 
 Direction. — Form derivatives according to the rule. Use the words. 
 
 (l¥hat pat t of tlic rule applies in this lesson tliat did not in the 
 preceding lesson ?) 
 
 *quit + ing, ed oc cur' + ing, ed fop + ish 
 
 squat -f er, ed re gret + ing, ed clan + ish 
 
 e quip' + ing, ed ad mit + ing, ed rag + ed 
 
 ac quit + ing? ed be gin + i^g? er for got' + en 
 
 un fit + ing, ed stir + ing, ed al lot + ed 
 
 re fer -f- ing, ed pin + ing, ed star + J 
 
 * These first four words come under the rule, for vi and xia are not diphthongs ; u 
 after $• is a consonant = w. 
 
84 Word Lessons, 
 
 Adding Suffixes— Useful Rule. 
 
 RULE III.— y after a consonant becomes i before a suffix not 
 be^inuiu^ with i. 
 
 Direction.— Join the suffixes and define as in the "model." Be 
 sure to change y to i. 
 
 Jfodel.— tardier, more tardy ; tardiest, tnoat tardy ; tardily* in a 
 tardy manner; taLrAine%»^ stcnte of heiny tardy. 
 
 lieart'y + er, est, ly, ness bus'y + er, est, ly, ness 
 
 stead y + er, est, ly, ness la zy + er, est, ly, ness 
 
 read y + er, est, ly, ness wor thy + er, est, ly, ness 
 
 hap py + er, est, ly, ness sau cy -j- er, est, ly, ness 
 
 dain ty -|- er, est, ly, ness ti dy + er, est, ly, ness 
 
 heav y + er, est, ly, ness greed y + er, est, ly, ness 
 
 LEggeN ))% 
 
 Direction. — Join the suffixes and define as above. Be sure to change 
 y to i. 
 
 mel'o dy + es, ous mod'i fy + ed, er, cs* 
 
 fu ry + es, ous en vy -f ed, ous, able, es 
 
 vie to ry + es, ous pit y + f ul, less, able, es 
 
 lux u ry + es, ous fan cy + ful, ed, er, es 
 
 cer e mo ny + es, ous glo ry -\- ed, ous, es 
 
 stud y -f es, ous cop y -f- ed, es 
 
 (Why la y not changed in the following w^ords 1) 
 
 mod'i fy ing, en joys', ba'by ish, copy ist 
 
 To the Teacher. — Let the pupils learn to use the^e words. 
 
 * Instead of dcflning, put Ke ot U before the verb when et \» added ; as, U 
 
 mod\fie». 
 
A Complete Speller. 85 
 
 IiEjsjsej^i jii. 
 
 Review Exercises on Rules I., II., III. 
 
 Direction. — Tell why the rule applies or does not apply. 
 
 toil'er pen'nies try'ing blot'ter 
 
 flee Qj bra cing nois i est re fus'al 
 
 breez y du ti ful hiir ried *wooreu 
 
 mer it ed for ci ble drop ping *bi ased 
 
 per form'er sense less hur ry ing *kid naped 
 
 com pelled sen si ble for get 'ting Vor ship er 
 
 tOne I or two. 
 
 Direction. — Add ing and ed to the following words. Add er to 
 jewel and travel, and or, to counsel. Double the final letter, or not, 
 as your teacher may direct. 
 
 bar'rel e'qual mar'shal rav'el 
 
 can eel grav el mar vel rev el 
 
 ear ol jew el mod el ri val 
 
 chis el la bel pen cil shov el 
 
 conn sel lev el per il trav el 
 
 cud gel li bel quar rel tun nel 
 
 * Worcester gives loodlen. Massed, kidnapped, worshipper. 
 
 t Worcester doubles the I in the derivatives of these words (except perilous^, but 
 Webster favors one I. Webster's spelling accords with tlie analogy of the language, 
 and is, we believe, steadily gaining favor in the United States. 
 
86 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 e qua'tor 
 me rid i ans 
 par'al lels 
 hem i sphere 
 lat i tude 
 Ion gi tude 
 
 Geography. 
 
 tor'rid 
 frig id 
 isl and 
 
 po lar 
 arc tic 
 
 ^sth'mus 
 moun tain 
 prai rie 
 "pla teau' 
 o'cean 
 
 gey'sers 
 pen in'su la 
 mon'arch y 
 ar is toc'ra cy 
 de moc'ra cy 
 
 trop ics com merce ar-chi pel'a go 
 
 I(E]SS6]y 116. 
 Geography.— Cities — U. S. 
 
 Brooklyn 
 Ht. Lou'is 
 (J)hi ca'go 
 Bal'ti more 
 Lou is ville 
 Al ex an'dri a 
 
 San Fran cis'co 
 Clil li coth'e 
 Phil a del phi a 
 ^Baton liouge 
 New Or'le ans 
 Cin cin na'ti 
 
 Cleveland 
 Co hoes' 
 'Des Moines 
 ^Du buque' 
 Han'ni bal 
 Chel sea 
 
 Ith'a ca* 
 Ke o kuk 
 Mil wau'kee 
 Min ne ap'o lis 
 Nash'u a 
 Natch ez 
 
 IlEggON 117. 
 Geography. — Cities— U. S. 
 
 O'ma ha Sa van'nah 
 
 Tough keep'sie Sijhe nee ta dy 
 
 Ra'leigh Syr'a cuse 
 
 Rich mond ^TeiTC Haute 
 
 Sac ra men 'to Wilkes 'bar re 
 
 Sau'ger ties* Worcester 
 
 Pronnnelatlon.—i Ts'mns. "piatO'. « bat'un rooah. *demoln'. » da buk' 
 ' po kip'fl. 1 tor'reh bote. » wWe'ter. * VUlage. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 87 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following, and study the italicized words. 
 
 The snow had begun in the gloaming, 
 And busily, all the night, 
 Had been heaping field and highway 
 With a silence, deep and white. 
 
 Every pine and^r and hemlock 
 Wore ermine, too dear for an earl; 
 And the poorest twig on the elm tree 
 Was ridged inch-deep \fiih. pearl. — Lowell. 
 
 Bouglis are daily rifled 
 By the gusty thieves, 
 And the book of Nature 
 Getteth short of leaves. — Hood. 
 
 IiEggeN ]i)9. 
 
 goal> 
 
 especially 
 
 approacliing 
 
 surely 
 
 delayed 
 
 clouds 
 
 foretells 
 
 almost 
 
 race 
 
 perseverance 
 
 coppery 
 
 swallows 
 
 tortoise ^ 
 
 prize X 
 
 •weather 
 
 halo 
 
 hare v 
 
 won 
 
 purple 
 
 certain 
 
 Direction. — Fill the blanks from the words above. 
 
 Tile Hare and the Tortoise. — A and a engaged to run a 
 
 ; but the hare, depending on the swiftness of his foot, so 
 
 long in starting that the tortoise reached the , and the 
 
 through its , though slow in its motions. — Fable. 
 
 Signs of Weatiier. — Red in the west at sunset, when 
 
 they have a tint of , portend fine . A or yellow sunset 
 
 generally rain. But as an indication of wet weather , nothing 
 
 is more than the round the moon. When the fly high, 
 
 fine weather is to be expected or continued ; but, when they fly close to 
 the ground, rain is approaching. — Chambers. 
 
88 Word Lessons. 
 
 Exceptions to Rule I. 
 
 To the Teactier. — The value of the Rules of Spelling, previously given, 
 will depend much upon the pupil's familiarity with the exceptions. These 
 exceptions are really few when compared with the large number of words 
 controlled by the Rules. 
 
 This grouping of words under Rules and Exceptions, if not carried too 
 far, must, on the principles of association, or of comparison and contrast, 
 be a great aid to the memory. 
 
 Words ending In ee and ge retain e before nhle and ous to keep e 
 and g soft.. Words in oe and ee rctaiik the e, unless tlie suflix begins 
 i;vith e. Some ivords retain e to preserve their Identity. 
 
 change'a ble 
 
 ser'vice a ble 
 
 hoe'ing 
 
 see'ing 
 
 charge a ble 
 
 trace a ble 
 
 shoe ing 
 
 a gree'a ble 
 
 man age a ble 
 
 ad van ta'geous 
 
 toe ing 
 
 dye'ing 
 
 mar riage a ble 
 
 cou ra'geous 
 
 a gree'ing 
 
 (coloring) 
 
 no tice a ble 
 
 out ra geous 
 
 flee'ing 
 
 singe 'ing 
 
 peace a ble 
 
 um bra geous 
 
 free ing 
 
 tinge'ing 
 
 Exceptions to Rule I. — Continued. 
 
 To the pupiL — It is inferred from Rule I. that final e is not dropped 
 before a consonant, but the following are exceptions. 
 
 awful 
 wo ful 
 du ty 
 
 duly wis d 
 tru ly ar gu 
 whol ly judg 
 
 om 
 ment 
 ment 
 
 lodg'ment 
 
 a bridg'ment 
 
 ac knowl edg ment 
 
 The following words In !« are contracted thus t ab{le)ly = ably. 
 
 a'bly i'dly 
 fee bly sim ply 
 hum bly am ply 
 
 gen'tly 
 doub ly 
 grist ly 
 
 peace'a bly 
 peb bly 
 pos si bly 
 
A Complete Speller 
 
 89 
 
 Exceptions to Rule II. 
 
 Tl»e final consonant is not doubled when, in the derivative, the 
 accent is thrown from the last syllable of the primitive; as, refer' , 
 reference. But ive have excel', ex'cel lent, ex'eel lence. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to spell and use the following words. 
 
 refer ence 
 
 defer ence 
 
 trans fer'a ble 
 
 pref er ence 
 
 in fer ence 
 
 ref er ee' 
 
 con fer ence 
 
 pref er a ble 
 
 other exceptions. 
 
 
 gas'es 
 
 hum 'bugged 
 
 crys'tal lize 
 
 gag e ons 
 
 hum bug ging 
 
 can eel la'tion 
 
 Use. — Without reference to truth ; preference for city life ; a con- 
 ference of wise men ; a deference to rank ; an unfair inference ; 
 transferable rights ; decision of an impartial referee ; gaseous vapors ; 
 crystallize in cubes. What is preferable to wisdom ? 
 
 Exceptions to Rule III. 
 
 p does not change before 's. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to spell and use the following words, 
 la'dy's, en'e my's, ba'by's, coun' try's. 
 
 Other exceptions.— Tlie last five change y to e. 
 
 staid (or ptayed ) slain sly'ness pit'e ous 
 
 paid dai'ly shy ly du te ous 
 
 laid dry ly shy ness plen te ous 
 
 said dry ness la dy ship beau te ous 
 
 saith sly ly ba'by hood boun te ous 
 
 Use.— A story dryly told ; slyness of a cat ; a maiden's sh3rnes.T ; 
 with a piteous look ; bounteous Giver of all good. 
 
90 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 The Plural of Nouns in y. 
 
 Nouns in y after a consonant add e«, and change ytoi according 
 to Rule III. 
 
 Direction. — Change the following singular nouns to the plural form. 
 
 lily fam'i ly sto'ry gro'cer y 
 
 mis er y cher rj dai ry *col lo quy 
 ber ry dai sy di a ry so lH'o qny 
 
 Nouns in y after a vowel simply add «. 
 
 at tor'ney kid'ney tur key don'key 
 
 chim'ney mon key val ley mon ey 
 jour ney pul ley vol ley es say 
 
 Plural of Nouns in o. 
 
 Some nouns in o after a consonant add e» and some add «. 
 
 Direction. — Add es to the following. 
 
 buf 'fa lo 
 
 em bar'go mot'to 
 
 por 
 
 'ti CO 
 
 cal i CO 
 
 grot'to mos qui 'to 
 
 po 
 
 ta'to 
 
 car go 
 
 he ro mu lat to 
 
 tor 
 
 na do 
 
 ech 
 
 in nu en'do ne'gro 
 Direction.— Add S to the following. 
 
 vol 
 
 ca no 
 
 can 'to 
 
 jun'to pi' a'no 
 
 
 solo 
 
 dom i no 
 
 (or es) las so pro vi so 
 
 two 
 
 du dec'i 
 
 mo me men'to quarto 
 
 
 ty'ro 
 
 ha'lo 
 
 oc ta vo sal vo 
 
 Nonns in o after a vowel add «; ms* 
 
 cameos, cuckoos, folios, trios. 
 
 
 ze ro 
 
 * t/ after q\AVk consonant. 
 
A Complete Speller. 91 
 
 Plural of Nouns in / and fe. 
 
 (Cliange /or fe luto ve«.) 
 
 beef half life slieaf wharf (or s) 
 calf knife loaf shelf wife 
 elf leaf self thief wolf 
 
 (Add s.) 
 
 belief dwarf gulf reef scarf 
 
 brief fife hoof roof strife 
 
 chief gi'ief proof safe waif 
 
 IlEgg6]5 )^7. 
 Possessive Form of Nouns. 
 
 In tlie singular add the apostrophe and s C's) to denote posses- 
 sion ; in the plural, the apostrophe only ; hut if the plural does 
 not end in Sf add 's. 
 
 Direction.— Copy the following. 
 
 (Possessive singular.) 
 
 Fanny's doll. 
 The girl's bonnet. 
 A dollar's worth. 
 
 Burns's Poems. 
 Brown & Co.'s business. 
 A day's work. 
 
 (Possessive plui-al.) 
 
 Those girls' dresses. 
 Men's clothing. 
 Ladies' calls. 
 
 Children's toys. 
 Three years' interest. 
 Five dollars'- wcffth. 
 
 Direction. — Write the possessive of each of the following words, and 
 place after it the name of the thing possessed. 
 
 Woman, women ; mouse, mice ; buffalo, buffaloes ; fairy, 
 fairies ; hero, heroes ; baby, babies ; calf, calves. 
 
92 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 IlES^eN )2S. 
 
 Compound Words. 
 
 Without hyphen. 
 
 numskull wherever 
 
 With hyphen. 
 
 daybreak 
 
 brakeman 
 
 eyesight 
 
 iceberg 
 
 threadbare 
 
 greensward 
 
 whereabouts 
 
 elsewhere 
 
 anybody 
 
 everything 
 
 railway 
 
 nowadays 
 
 heart's-ease 
 
 two-wheeled 
 
 long-legged 
 
 emerald-green 
 
 vice-president 
 
 postal-card 
 
 bird's-eye 
 
 forty-two 
 
 gray-haired 
 
 half-past 
 
 thorough-bred 
 
 major-general 
 
 post-office 
 
 hair-breadth 
 
 To the pupil. — There is lack of uniformity in the use of the hyphen. 
 When the simple words of the compound seem to lose their individual 
 force and fuse into one general term, the hyphen is dropped. 
 
 In the dictionaries the hyphens between the parts of compound 
 words are distinguished from those that separate syllables by Ijeing 
 made heavier or longer, thus : half-pen-ny, or h(df-pcn-ny, 
 
 spelling and Pronunciation. 
 
 th and tit. 
 Direction. — Learn to spell, pronounce, aud use these words. 
 
 bath . . . baths . . . bathe, cldth . . . cl6ths . . . clothe, 
 mouth . . . mouths. . . mouih, wreath . . . wreaihs . . . wreathe, 
 liith . , . laths, oath . . . oaths, piith . . . pilths, mi5th. .. m6te, 
 breath . . . breaths . . . breathe, sheath . . . sheaths . . . sheathe, 
 hearth. . . hearths, growth. . .growths, breadth. . .breadths, 
 loath. . .loathe, soothe, *smooth, bequeath, beneath. 
 
 To the pupil. — The first eight nouns in this lesson are the only 
 words, according to Webster, in which the aspirate ih in the singuhir 
 is changed to i\\Q vocal -ift in theplnnl ; ])nt there is very ijo<xl iisjige 
 for tjniihs and ahcaiha 
 
 * Adjective or verb. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 93 
 
 IlE^SeN 1^0. 
 
 Insects. 
 
 Reptiles. 
 
 gnat 
 bee 'tie 
 a pMs 
 'aph i de§ 
 crick et 
 wee vil 
 
 {Undeveloped.) 
 
 larVa 
 "^lar vae 
 mag got 
 
 newt 
 liz'ard 
 tur tie 
 bo a 
 
 cat er pil lar ad der 
 clirys a lis Hor toise 
 
 mos qui 'to *cliry sal'i de§ ter ra pin 
 
 drag'on 
 ba§ i lisk 
 croc o dile 
 al li ga tor 
 an a con 'da 
 -eha me'le on 
 sal'a man d3r 
 
 IiEgjsepi )i). 
 
 everything- 
 
 perceive 
 
 creatures 
 
 merry 
 
 wonderful 
 
 ditch 
 
 dwelling' 
 
 mercy 
 
 microscope 
 
 through 
 
 thousand 
 
 ferocious 
 
 know- 
 
 really 
 
 imagine 
 
 crowding" 
 
 surely 
 
 appear 
 
 plateful 
 
 shrimps 
 
 Direction. — Fill the following blanks with words from the list above. 
 
 you what a is, that glass that makes 
 
 a hundred times larger than it is. If you look a microscope 
 
 at a single drop of water, you will more than a strange- 
 shaped , such as you could never , in the water. It looks 
 
 not unlike a of , all jumping and upon each other, and 
 
 so are these little creatures that they will tear off each other's 
 
 arms and legs without ; and yet they are happy and after 
 
 their fashion. — Hans Christian Andersen. 
 
 Pronunciation. — ' tOr'tis. 
 * aphides, plural of aphis, t larvce, plural of larva, t chrysalides, plural of chrysalis. 
 
94 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 sci'ence u'ni form ze'ro 
 
 num ber in te ger ci plier 
 
 in te gral va ry ing ad di'tion 
 
 con Crete no ta'tion nu mer a'tion 
 
 dec i mal fig'ures^ sub trac'tion 
 
 di vis 'ion 
 dig'its 
 e qual'i ty 
 e qua tion 
 col'umn 
 Ar a bic naught mul ti pli ca'tion min u end 
 
 IiEjsgej^ )5.5. 
 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 sub'tra hend fac'tor mul'ti pie al'i quot 
 
 dif fer ence div i dend frac tions ac count' 
 
 re main'der di vi'sor nu mer a tor ledg'er 
 
 mul ti pli cand' di vis i ble cur ren cy bal ance 
 
 mul'ti pli er quo'tient prod uct debt or 
 
 de nom'i na tor com pos'ite e quiv'alent cred it or 
 
 Occupations. 
 
 min'er jew 'el er pi 'lot phy si'cian 
 
 tai lor ped dier at tor'ney pol i ti'cian 
 
 brew er ca ter er so lie it or sur'geon 
 
 sad dler huck ster coun'sel or mer chant 
 
 hos tier butch er ma chin'ist a poth'e ca ry 
 
 jan i tor mil li ner nui si cian pho tog ra pher 
 
A Complete Speller, 95 
 
 IlEjs^aN Jig. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Direction. — Practice on these words till you can pronounce them 
 rapidly in succession without error. 
 
 * Caution.— Do not sound the c in tlie unaccented syllables of the 
 foIloivin§: words. Often — of* n^ heaven = heaven, etc. 
 
 oft'en, heay'en, e'ven, sev'en, gold'en, 
 o'pen, sliort'en, wood'eii, froz'en, fallen, 
 ea'gel, grov'el, ha'zel, man'tel, shov'el. 
 
 Caution.— Sound the e in the folio-wing -%vords. 
 
 chick'en, hy'phen, kitcli'en, lin'en, woolen, 
 bar'rel, lev'el, quar'rel, trav'el, ves'sel. 
 
 Caution.— Do not give sh before r the sound of s. 
 
 shroud, shrunk, shrub, shrewd, shrug, slirill. 
 
 Caution.— Do not drop d after n or in Ids. 
 
 bands, friends, stand, grand'father, 
 builds, child's, fields, folds, holds, scalds. 
 
 Caution. — Do not omit t after-« hard or in sts, 
 
 facts, tracts, in structs', di rect'ly, per'f ect ly, 
 boasts, coasts, fists, ghosts, posts, in sists'. 
 
 Caution.- Sound the vo^vels in the unaccented syllables of the 
 folio -wing -words. 
 
 ev'ery, his'tory, belief, fam'ily, 
 
 li'bra ry, mem'o ry, sev'er al, nom'i na tive. 
 
 To the Teacher. — The lessons in pronunciation should be frequently 
 taken up in review. 
 
 '^ Most words in c-n drop the e in proaunciation ; mo.it word.- in el retain the e. 
 
96 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 IlESseN 156. 
 
 stupendous 
 
 views 
 
 sculptTired 
 
 existence 
 
 feathered 
 
 guide 
 
 image 
 
 regrion 
 
 chrysalis 
 
 heathens 
 
 later 
 
 forth 
 
 torpid 
 
 ancient 
 
 experience 
 
 intimation 
 
 caterpillar 
 
 remarkable 
 
 hoped 
 
 soul 
 
 animal 
 
 wonder 
 
 foretelling 
 
 representation 
 
 Directionr— ^*7Z the blanks from the words above. 
 Transformation of Insects.— The same crawls in its 
 
 shape, sleeps in its — , and afterwards springs forth into the 
 
 air on the wings of the butterfly. What a is this 
 
 transformation ! 
 
 It is very that the , though they had not the gospel to 
 
 their , seem to have regarded these insect changes as 
 
 that which they themselves to . We are told that, on some 
 
 of their gravestones which have been dug up in years, the 
 
 of the butterfly is found as a fit of the , and as an 
 
 that it would one day come again under a new form, and in a 
 
 new — — of — — . — Turner. 
 
 Direction.— Copy the following^ and study the italicized words. 
 
 Cleaniinefis. — The skin is one means of getting rid of impure, ref- 
 use matter from the blood. For this purpose it is supplied with two or 
 three millions of small tubes, called pores, through which it sweats out 
 the superfluous moisture. These pores also regidate the temperature 
 of the body. When the body becomes overheated from molcnt exercise 
 or exposure to fire, it is flooded with perspiration, and so is cooled down. 
 
 Now, if the pores become blocked up with dirt, they cannot perform 
 thciT functions. In that case, either the skin itself will become diseased, 
 or the blood will be injured by being forced to retain its impurities. 
 Washing the skin is therefore indispensable to health. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 97 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 ^ load, a burden, 
 lode, a yeiu of ore. 
 
 right, correct. 
 iy rite, a ceremony. 
 Wright, a workman, 
 write, to form letters. 
 
 o retch, to try to vomit. 
 wretch, a miserable person. 
 
 ^ rough, uneven, 
 ruff, — for the neck. 
 
 P- seam, — of a garment. 
 seem, to appear. 
 
 roe, a female deer ; the 
 
 6 eggs of a lish. 
 
 row, a line ; to impel with 
 oars. 
 
 rowed, did row. 
 
 7 road, a way. 
 rode, did ride. 
 
 j> root, — of a plant, 
 route, way. 
 
 Q soar, to fly aloft, 
 sore, a hurt ; tender. 
 
 ^^ straight, direct, 
 strait, narrow. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 I would rather be (2) than be president. — Giay. 
 
 life ! thou art a galling (1), 
 Along a (4), a weary (7), 
 
 To (3)es such as I ! — Bums. 
 
 Things are not what they (5). — Loiigfeliow. Valor (9)s 
 above misfortune. — AddiMn. Strive to enter in at the (10) 
 gate. — Bible. Make (10) paths for your feet— Bible. The 
 
 coat was without (5). — Bible. Devise, wit ! (2), pen ! — Shake- 
 speare. The (4) was formerly worn by both sexes. With 
 solemn sacrificial (2). We (7) across the bay. My wander- 
 ing ship I (6). — Sijenser. Exhausted with (3)ing. A skillful 
 wheel (2). A new (8) for tourists. A rich (1) of silver. 
 Be thou like a (6) or a young hart. — Bible. Festering (9). 
 Bnjficu. He (7) a bay horse. The ax is laid to the (8). 
 
 — Bible. 
 
 7 
 
98 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 ^ moan, a low sound of grief. 
 mown, cut down. 
 
 q none, no one. 
 
 nun, a woman living in a 
 nunnery. 
 
 oar, — to row with. 
 3 ore, metal with some other 
 substance. 
 o'er, over. 
 
 . ode, a poem. 
 owed, did owe. 
 
 ~ peak, the top. 
 pique, ill-will. 
 
 purl, a gentle murmur, as 
 
 6 of a brook. 
 
 pearl, a precious substance. 
 
 plain, clear ; simple ; level 
 
 7 ground. 
 
 plane, a tool; level surface. 
 
 pore, an opening ; to study 
 
 8 closely. 
 
 pour, to empty out. 
 
 raise, to lift up. 
 
 9 rays, — of light, 
 raze, to pull down. 
 
 -.^ rice, a grain. 
 
 rise (noun), an ascent. 
 
 Direction. — Put tJie right loord in the right place. 
 The holy time is quiet as a (2) 
 Breathless with adoration. — WardfswKyrth. 
 
 From (5) to (5), the rattling crags among. 
 
 Leaps the live thunder. — Byron. 
 He who would search for (6)s must dive below. — Dryden, 
 Express thyself in (7), not doubtful, words. — Drydou Kip- 
 pling waters made a pleasant (1). — Byron. Louder and 
 louder (6) the falling rills. — Bipe. Ye shall flee when (2) 
 pursueth. — Bible. All wickedness taketh its (10) from the 
 heart. — Nelson. It never rains but it (8)s. — Old Saying. (3) 
 the blue billows we glide. A petty (5) against his neighbor. 
 The (8)s of the skin. A rich vein of (3). (4)s of Horace, 
 A smootliing (7). The Chinese live chiefly on (10). The 
 Lord shall (9) him up. — BUAc. A galley is propelled by (3)s. 
 He (4) a debt of gratitude. New-(l) hay. Ye little stars, 
 hide your diminished (9). — l\>pe. Cities (9)d and warriors 
 slain. — Ibpe. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 99 
 
 IlEggejvi )4e. 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 scene, a view. 
 
 1 seen, beheld. 
 
 seine, a, large net for fish. 
 
 scull, — with an oar over the 
 
 2 stern. 
 
 skull, bone of the head. 
 
 o slight, small ; to neglect. 
 sleight, a trick. 
 
 sole, only ; bottom of the 
 4 foot. 
 
 soul, spirit. 
 
 ^ staid, sober. 
 staid or stayed, did stay. 
 
 sew, — with a needle. 
 6 so, in this way. 
 sow, to scatter. 
 
 „ steal, to take without right. 
 steel, hardened iron. 
 
 r, toe, part of the foot. 
 tow, to pull ; coarse flax. 
 
 ^ told, did tell. 
 '^ tolled, did toll. 
 
 ^^ ton, a weight. 
 tun, a large cask. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 He (6)ed with stars the heaven. — MUton. that men 
 should put an enemy into their mouths, to (7) away their 
 brains ! — Shakespeare. A charming (1) of nature is displayed. 
 — Di-yden. (5) Wisdom's hue. — Milton. If they transgi'ess and 
 (3) that (4) command. — 2{moH. We have (1) better days. — 
 
 Shakespeare. My heart is true as (7). — Shakespeare. I can sing, 
 
 weave, (6), and dance. — Shakespeare. They went and (9) the 
 sexton, and the sexton (9) the bell. — Hood. But the dove 
 found no rest for the (4) of her foot.— Bible. His own figure 
 was formerly (6) {^).— Scott. Trip it as you go, on the light 
 fantastic {%)—mit(m. (3) of hand. Fishermen drawing a 
 (1). (8) the disabled vessel into port. He (2)s across the 
 ferry. The (10) of 2,000 lbs. The vision (5) but for a 
 moment. (2)s that will not \e?iru.—Co^pper. Draw (10)s of 
 blood out of thy country's breast. — Shakespeare. It is a fear- 
 ful thing to see the human (4) take w'mg.— Byron. 
 
lOO 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 
 IlESgeN 14}. 
 
 
 
 Troublesome 
 
 Words— ? or 
 
 11. 
 
 
 Direction.— Learn to spell and to use. 
 
 un til' 
 
 al might y 
 
 in telli gent 
 
 al to geth er 
 
 till 
 
 me tal lie 
 
 par'al lei 
 
 al read'y 
 
 always 
 
 ex'cel lence 
 
 ex eel lent 
 
 wel'come 
 
 also 
 
 mill ion 
 
 mil i ta ry 
 
 bel fry 
 
 al most 
 
 rail ler y 
 
 chil blain 
 
 wel fare 
 
 col lege 
 
 ar til'ler y 
 
 dil i gent 
 
 bul rush 
 
 TJse. — Almighty power ; metallic sound ; highest degree of excel- 
 lence ; not derision, but good-humored raillery ; chilblains on the 
 feet ; diligent in business ; altogether lovely ; the nation's welfare. 
 
 IiEjsiseN 14^. 
 
 ough. 
 
 ou = iioo, 0, Q, a, u, 6. gh =: /, h, 2h or is silent. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to spell and to use. 
 
 {gh is silent except -wliere tlie sound is Indicated.) 
 
 aoo 
 
 bough 
 dough 'ty 
 drought 
 *plougli 
 slough 
 
 O 
 
 dough 
 bor'ough 
 fur lough 
 thor ough 
 though 
 
 p 
 
 through 
 
 a 
 
 bought 
 brought 
 cough (/) 
 fought 
 fnouglit 
 ought 
 sought 
 thought 
 trough (/) 
 wrought 
 
 e nough' (/) 
 hie 'cough (p) 
 rough (/) 
 slough (/) 
 sough (/) 
 tough (/) 
 
 6 
 
 hough (k) 
 Jlough (h) 
 
 * or ploMT. 
 
 •f more projK'rly uaufu^liti 
 
 % or loch. 
 
A Complete SjfdliK^\ 
 
 
 
 IiEjs^eM us. 
 
 ie and ei. 
 
 RULE.— i before e 
 
 Except after c. 
 
 Or when sounded as a. 
 
 As in neighbor and weigh.— Dr. Brewer. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to spell and to use these words. 
 
 
 ie = € 
 
 ^ 
 
 a chieve' 
 
 bre vier' 
 
 front'ier 
 
 ag grieyc 
 
 chief 
 
 grief 
 
 be lief 
 
 field 
 
 grieve 
 
 be lieve 
 
 fiend 
 
 lief 
 
 bier 
 
 fierce 
 
 liege 
 
 brief 
 
 frieze 
 
 li'en 
 
 mien 
 
 niece 
 
 pier 
 
 pierce 
 
 piece 
 
 priest 
 
 TJse, — Achieve success ; aggrieved by oppression ; mourners fol- 
 lowed the bier ; brevier type ; the arch fiend, Satan ; the frieze of the 
 Parthenon ; frontier towns ; as lief go as not ; a liege lord ; a lien 
 upon property ; with lordly mien. 
 
 IlEg^eN 144. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to spell and to use these words. 
 
 re lief 
 
 -le = e — 
 
 shield 
 
 thieve 
 
 le = 1 
 
 die 
 
 le = 1 
 
 ker'chief 
 
 le = e 
 
 friend 
 
 re lieve 
 
 shriek 
 
 tierce 
 
 lie 
 
 mis chief 
 
 
 re prieve 
 
 siege 
 
 tier 
 
 l^ie 
 
 sieve 
 
 
 re trieve 
 
 sor'tie 
 
 wield 
 
 tie 
 
 
 
 se'ries 
 
 thief 
 
 yield 
 
 vie 
 
 
 
 Use.— To reprieve a criminal ; to retrieve one's character ; a series 
 of triumphs ; a sortie from a fortress ; a tierce of wine ; to wield 
 great power ; to vie with the best. 
 
'JD2 
 
 A Complete Speller. 
 
 LEgS0]\I )4i. 
 
 ei = a or a. 
 
 
 Direction.- 
 
 -Spell and use. 
 
 
 deign 
 
 hei'nous 
 
 bei'sance 
 
 sleigh 
 
 eight 
 
 heir 
 
 reign 
 
 their 
 
 feign 
 
 in vefgh' 
 
 rein 
 
 veil 
 
 feint 
 
 neigh 
 
 rein'deer 
 
 vein 
 
 freight 
 
 neigh'bor 
 
 skein 
 
 weigh 
 
 Use, — To deign a smile ; to feign sickness ; deceived by a feint ; a 
 heinous crime ; heir to the throne ; to inveigh against rulers ; made 
 a low obeisance. 
 
 liESSeN 146. 
 
 Direction. — Spell and use. 
 
 ei after c. 
 
 , Except 
 
 ions to "i before e." n 
 
 con ceit' 
 
 ei = e 
 
 ei = e 
 
 ei = i 
 
 con ceive 
 
 ei'ther 
 
 heifer 
 
 coun'ter felt 
 
 ceil 
 
 nei ther 
 
 non pa reil' 
 
 for feit 
 
 ceil'ing 
 
 lei sure 
 
 
 sur feit 
 
 de ceit' 
 
 in vei'gle 
 
 ei = 1 
 
 for eign 
 
 dc ceive 
 
 seine 
 
 sleight 
 
 sov er eign 
 
 per ceive 
 
 seize 
 
 height 
 
 mul lein 
 
 re ceipt 
 
 weird 
 
 ka lei 'do scope 
 
 re ceive 
 
 
 
 
 Exception to ei after c. — fin an cier' 
 
 Use— Wise in his own conceit ; to conceive an idea ; leisure hours ; 
 inveigled by artifice ; weird ghosts ; nonpareil type ; sleight of hand ; 
 lo surfeit with sweets ; a skillful financier for treasurer. 
 
 To tlie Teacher.— Let the pupil learn the simple, rhyming rule in 
 Less. 143, witli the exceptions given in lesson 146, and he ** holds the key to 
 the situation." 
 
 The ie in whieli i is a consonant, as in ancient, and the ie resulting from 
 changing y to i, as in faiicien, need hardly be noted as exceptions. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 103 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 aisle, a passage in a church. 
 
 1 isle, an island. 
 I'll, I will. 
 
 2 bale, a bundle. 
 
 bail, surety; handle of a 
 kettle. 
 
 o breach, a gap, a break, 
 breech, part of a gun. 
 
 . broach, to make public. 
 brooch, a bosom pin. 
 
 ^ clause, part of a sentence. 
 claws, nails of animals. 
 
 r. core, the heart of anything. 
 corps, a body of soldiers. 
 
 w crews, ships' companies, 
 cruise, to go back and forth 
 on the ocean. 
 
 dun, a color ; to ask for 
 8 debt. 
 done, performed. 
 
 Q hoard, a secret store. 
 horde, a tribe. 
 
 -.^ loan, something lent. 
 lone, having no company ; 
 not inhabited. 
 
 11 
 
 mews, cries as a cat. 
 muse, to think. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 Summer's (8) cloud comes thundering up. — nerpont. 'Mid 
 storms to (7) for pleasure. — To^i^ig. What's (8) is (8). — 
 Shakespeare. For (10) oft loses both itself and friend. — SMke- 
 speare. (11) on nature with a poet's eye. — Campbea. The (l)s 
 of Greece ! — Bynm. Leave you in (10) woods. — Bype. Once 
 more unto the (3), dear friends ! — Shakespeare. The squirrel's 
 (9). — Shakespeare. Excessive (2) ought not to be required. — 
 Biackstone. (1) do your bidding. Down the long (1). A (2) 
 of cotton. A (3)-loading gun. A (5) of doubtful meaning. 
 Pierced to the very (6). Those very opinions themselves 
 had (4:)Qdi.— Swift. A barbarian (9). When the cat (11), 
 and the owl hoots. The (5) of beasts and birds. A (6) 
 of infantry. Great ships with gallant (7). Honor's a good 
 (4) to wear. — B. Jottsmi. 
 
I04 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 cite, to call up. 
 
 1 sight, a yiew. 
 site, a situation. 
 
 2 climb, to ^o up. 
 clime, region, climate. 
 
 o cord, a string. 
 chord, — in music. 
 
 . faint, to swoon ; weak. 
 feint, a pretense. 
 
 ^ fate, destiny, 
 fete, a festival. 
 
 n cast, to throw. 
 caste, a class of society. 
 
 Y cede, to yield. 
 -"^ what is sown. 
 
 Q chased, did chase, 
 chaste, pure. 
 
 ^ dire, dreadful, 
 dyer, one wlio colors. 
 
 fain, gladly. 
 10 fane, a temple, 
 feign, to pretend. 
 
 Direction. — Bid the right word in the right place. 
 
 Father of all I in every (2f) adored. — ihi^e. The devil can 
 
 /s(l) Scripture for his purpose. — Shakesj)eare. (4) heart ne'er 
 
 won fair lady. — Fi-overb. Sucl^l)s as youthful poets dream. 
 
 — MiUan. LovG took up the harp of Life, and smote on all 
 
 the (3)s with might. — Tenuymi. To bear is to conquer our 
 
 n/ (5). — Campbell. In the morning sow thy (7). — Bible. Mine 
 
 enemies (8) me sore, like a bird. — Bible. John was (G) into 
 
 prison. — Bible. She let them down by a (3) through the 
 
 window. — Bible. ^10) thyself to be a mom'ncY.—Bibie.y^{9) 
 
 was the noise of conflict.— J/t;/o«. v^(lO) would I (2) but that 
 
 I fear to fall. — Raleigh. /^8) as morning dew. — Ymmj. A 
 
 ^ sacred (10) in Egypt's fruitful land. — TkMi In India, each 
 
 (6) has a distinct occupation. Tlie general made a (4), to 
 
 draw out the enemy. Preparing for the grand (5). To (7) 
 
 territory.^ A (9) of wool. ^fA stone marks the (1) of the 
 
 house. — Jfviug. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 05 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 -. fort, a fortified place, 
 forte, what one can do best. 
 
 ^ freeze, to harden with cold. 
 
 '*' Meze, a part of a building ; 
 
 a kind of cloth. 
 
 o knave, a rogue. 
 nave, middle of a church ; 
 center of a wheeh 
 
 . maize, Indian corn, 
 maze, confusion of paths. 
 
 f. mite, anything very small. 
 might, power ; imst of may, 
 
 mean, low ; to intend ; mid- 
 6 die point. 
 
 mien, manner, appearance. 
 
 peer, an equal ; a noble- 
 
 7 man. 
 
 pier, stone-work for sup- 
 port. 
 
 pole, a long stick ; end of 
 
 8 the earth's axis. 
 
 poll, the head ; place for 
 voting. 
 
 Q reck, to care (poetical), 
 wreck, ruin. 
 
 ^ ^ reek, to steam, to smoke, 
 wreak, to execute with 
 anger. 
 
 ring, a circle ; to sound a 
 11 bell. 
 
 wring, to ^twist. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right ivord in the right place. 
 
 In song he never had his (7). — Bryden. Spread the truth 
 
 from (8) to (8). — Acldixmi. (11) out, wild bells ! — TennysM}. 
 
 She threw in two (5)s. — Bible. How are the (5)y fallen !— 
 Bible. Make a (11) about the corpse of Caesar. — stiakespeare. 
 And let me (11) your hearts. — Shakespeare. A (9) past hope 
 he was. — Shakespeare. On me let death (10) all his rage. — 
 Milton. The sun on the (lO)-ing moisture fed. — Milton. In 
 wandering (4)s lost. — uYiitmi. What majestic (6) ! — ihpe. 
 "Hold the (1)." The (3), or hub. (4) is a native of 
 America. Two (7)s support the bridge. The (8)s close at 
 sundown. Music is not his (1). The (2) is below the 
 cornice. More (3) than fool. — Mariom. Little he'll (9). — 
 Wotfe. The golden (6) between two extremes. Water (2)s 
 at 32° above zero. 
 
o6 Word Lessons. 
 
 Review. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right w*ord. 
 
 1. (Rite, right) is more than (mite, might), and justice 
 
 more than (mail, male) . — Whutiei: 
 
 2. The crooked shall be (made, maid) (strait, straight) and 
 
 the (ruff, rough) places (plane, plain). — Bible. 
 
 3. The (retch, wretch)ed have no friends. — Dnjden. 
 
 4. Men should be what they (seem, seam). — Shakespeare. 
 
 5. His (style, stile) in (right, rite, wright, write)ing was 
 
 (chased, chaste) and pure. — Addison. 
 
 6. He had kept the whiteness of his (sole, soul) and thus 
 
 men (o'er, oar) him wept. — Byron. 
 
 7. In the morning (scav, sow, so) thy (seed, cede).- — Bible. 
 
 8. (Rise, rice) is (razed, raised) upon lowlands. 
 
 9. Years (steel, steal) fire from the mind. — Byron. 
 
 10. The (nave, knave) of a cathedral is the part between 
 
 the (aisles, isles). 
 
 11. Strung together like a (roe, row) of (pearls, purls). — 
 
 Byron. 
 
 12. (Feint, faint) (heart, hart) ne'er (one, won) (fair, fare) 
 
 lady. — Proverb. 
 
 13. The women are weeping and (wringing, ringing) 1( their, 
 
 th ere ) h ands. — Kinydey. 
 
 14. The (scull, skull) protects the organs of (site, sight). 
 
 15. Members of the cat tribe (clime, climb) by means of 
 
 their (clause, claws). 
 
 16. (Fate, fete) (steals, steels) along with silent tread.— 
 
 Cowper. 
 
 17. He shall come down like (rain, reign) upon the (moan, 
 
 mown) grass. — Bible. 
 
 18. A (horde, hoard) of savages rushed through the (breech, 
 
 breach) into the (forte, fort). 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 107 
 
 IlESSeN 1^1. 
 
 au and a"w = a. 
 
 gaudy 
 au burn 
 auc tion 
 plau dit 
 pau per 
 cau cus 
 maud lin 
 
 awk'ward 
 taw dry 
 saw yer 
 awn ing 
 taw ny 
 law suit 
 haw thorn 
 
 ou and ow 
 
 noun 
 cloud 'y 
 floun der 
 ca rouse' 
 es pouse 
 a rouse 
 de vour 
 
 ou in house 
 cow'er 
 dow ry 
 pow der 
 drow sy 
 bow er 
 prowl er 
 vow el 
 
 er, re. ic, ick. 
 
 To the pupil. — The following words are written by some with the 
 termination er, and by others with re. 
 
 cen'ter mea'ger sa'ber som'ber 
 
 fi ber me ter seep ter spec ter 
 
 lus ter mi ter sep ul cher the a ter 
 
 (111 the folio-wing r precedes e to gire c tlie hard sound.) 
 
 a'cre lu'cre mas'sa ere me'di o ere 
 
 To the pupil. — The following words, formerly ending in ck, bring 
 back the ic to keep c hard, when a suffix beginning with e, i, or y is 
 added. Add k to the following primitives and join the suffixes. 
 
 froric + ed, ing 
 mim ic -f ed, ing, er 
 col ic + y 
 
 phys'ic + ed, ing 
 
 traf fie + ed, ing, er 
 
 phthis ic (tizO -{- y 
 
io8 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 IlEjsgeN jss. 
 
 penetrate 
 
 pierced 
 
 hastening: 
 
 juice 
 
 scarcely 
 
 dried 
 
 abundant 
 
 drain 
 
 woody- 
 
 foliage 
 
 fountain 
 
 surface 
 
 leathery 
 
 moistens 
 
 vegetable 
 
 receive 
 
 barren 
 
 . several 
 
 nourishing" 
 
 bowls 
 
 Direction. — Fill the Hanks from the words above. 
 
 The Cow-tree of Soutli A merica.— On the flank of a rock 
 
 grows a tree with dry and le-aves ; its large roots can 
 
 into the stony soil. For months in the year not a single 
 
 shower its . Its branches appear dead and ; yet, as soon 
 
 as the trunk is , there flows from it a sweet and milk. It is 
 
 at sunrise that this is most . The natives are then to 
 
 be seen from all quarters, furnished with large to the 
 
 milk, which grows yellow and thickens at the . Some their 
 
 bowls under the tree, while others carry home the ~ to their children 
 — Hurnboldt, 
 
 IlEggeN 1^4. 
 
 Direction. — Copy the following, and study the italicized words. 
 
 Jerrold had afavoiite dog, that followed him everywhere. One day, 
 in the country, a lady who was passing turned round and said audibly, 
 " What an ugly little brute! " whereupon, Jerrold, addressing the lady, 
 replied, " Oh, madam! I wonder what he thinks about us at this mo- 
 ment 1 " 
 
 He was so benevolent, so merciful a man that, in his mistaken com- 
 passion, ho would have held an umbrella over a duck in a shower of 
 rain. — Douglas Jerrold. 
 
 Some people are as careful of thoir religion as of their best service of 
 china, using it only on holy occasions.— Douglas Jerrold, 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 109 
 
 IlE3156]\[ )^§. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to spell and to use these words. Study down the 
 columns, then from left to right. 
 
 per or pur. 
 per 'jure pur'cLase 
 
 de or di. 
 de scend' di gest' 
 
 per sist' 
 per spire 
 per suade 
 per verse 
 per vade 
 per se vere' 
 
 pur port 
 pur pose 
 pur loin' 
 pur sue 
 pur suit 
 pur su ance 
 
 de scribe 
 de spair 
 de spise 
 de spite 
 
 di rect 
 dis patch 
 dis sect 
 di verge 
 
 de spond dis pense 
 de stroy di vide 
 
 XJse. — To perjure one's self ; to persist in evil doing ; perverse 
 disposition ; to pervade the universe ; the purport of his words ; to 
 purloin an umbrella ; in pursuance of truth ; despite his prejudices ; 
 telegraphic dispatches ; to dissect a body ; diverging paths ; to dis- 
 pense rations ; to dispense with formality. 
 
 l£ES5©]VI :i^6. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 — (See Key, pp. 
 
 36 and 71.) 
 
 again 
 
 bellows 
 
 di'a mond 
 
 
 ep'oeh 
 
 (agSnO 
 
 (bgrius) 
 
 T • / 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 a'ged 
 al ly' 
 
 be nea^fe- 
 
 di§ arm 
 
 
 ere 
 
 bi'cy cle 
 
 dig as'ter 
 
 
 ev'er y 
 
 (three syl.) 
 
 (noun and verb) 
 
 c^s'si mere 
 
 discern 
 
 (diz zeni') 
 
 
 extraor'dinary 
 
 almond 
 
 (il'mund) 
 
 cem'e ter y 
 9ha grin' 
 
 di§ dain' 
 dishonest 
 
 
 fau cet 
 Feb'rii a ry 
 
 al p^c'a 
 
 column 
 
 (diz On'est) 
 
 
 fig'ure 
 
 anxiety 
 
 (ang zl'e ty) 
 
 (kOl'um) 
 
 cu'cum ber 
 
 dis own' 
 d(3m'i nie 
 
 
 flo'rist 
 for bMe' 
 
 anxious 
 
 cu'po la 
 
 
 forehead 
 
 (angk'shus) 
 
 d^c'ade 
 
 drom'e da 
 
 ry 
 
 (fOr'ed) 
 
 auxiliary 
 
 de sist' 
 
 elm 
 
 
 gallows 
 ©ii'ius) 
 
 (awg zil'ya ry) 
 
 {not zist) 
 
 (one syl.) 
 
 
no 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 
 
 LEggoN :i^7- 
 
 
 
 Belonging to War. 
 
 
 ^colonel 
 
 pa trol' reg'i ment 
 
 rais'sile 
 
 chap 'lain 
 
 re cruit bat tal'ion 
 
 tom a hawk 
 
 ma jor 
 
 arm or' cav'al ry 
 
 ar til'ler y 
 
 ad ju tant 
 
 bar'rack mi li'tia 
 
 ammuni'tion 
 
 lieu ten 'ant 
 
 ^biv ouac ep'au let 
 
 ar'se nal 
 
 ^ser'geant 
 
 re doubt' cam ])aign' 
 
 knap sack 
 
 cor po ral 
 
 'corps cais'son 
 
 ma neu'ver 
 
 Change of Accent. 
 
 To the pupil. — The accent is on the first syllable of the following 
 words when they are used as nouns or adjectives, and on the second 
 when used as verbs. 
 
 Direction. — Study the spelling, pronunciation, and use. 
 NounHor^Ldj. Verbs. Nouns or Adj. Verbs. 
 
 ab'stract 
 
 ab s tract' 
 
 per'fume 
 
 per fume' 
 
 ac'cent 
 
 ac cent' 
 
 per'mit 
 
 per mit' 
 
 com 'pound 
 
 com pound' 
 
 pre 'fix 
 
 pre iix' 
 
 con 'cert 
 
 con cert' 
 
 prem'ise 
 
 pre mT§e' 
 
 con'trast 
 
 con trast' 
 
 pres'ent 
 
 pre sent' 
 
 con 'verse 
 
 con verse' 
 
 prod'uce 
 
 pro duce' 
 
 es'cort 
 
 es cort' 
 
 proj'ect 
 
 pro ject' 
 
 ex'poii; 
 
 ex port' 
 
 rec'ord 
 
 re cord' 
 
 fer'ment 
 
 fer ment' 
 
 re 'tail 
 
 re tail' 
 
 fre'quent 
 
 fre quent' 
 
 sur'vey 
 
 sur vey' 
 
 Pronunciation.— > kur'nel. •sAr'jent. •blv'wak. «knr. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 III 
 
 Miscellaneous Test Words. 
 
 Illustrate the use of each word. The words t.re arranged 
 
 Direction^ 
 
 alphabetically to aid in consulting the dictionary 
 
 }^9. 
 
 J60. 
 
 J6} 
 
 16^. 
 
 *dy'ing 
 
 can'ni bal 
 
 di rect'o ry 
 
 fer'rule 
 
 lying 
 
 can py 
 
 dis'ci pline 
 
 flip pant 
 
 tying 
 
 car a mel 
 
 dis course' 
 
 florid 
 
 ac id 
 
 cat a logue 
 
 dis'si pate 
 
 fos sil 
 
 ag i tate 
 
 chal lenge 
 
 dis suade' 
 
 fren zy 
 
 aloe 
 
 cig ar ette' 
 
 di vorce 
 
 fric as see' 
 
 ambulance 
 
 cit'i zen 
 
 doily 
 
 friy'o lous 
 
 an gel'ic 
 
 "clique 
 
 duch ess 
 
 gal ax y 
 
 an'o dyne 
 
 CO erce' 
 
 dun geon 
 
 gos sa mer 
 
 ^an ten'na co er cion 
 
 ^an ten nae col lapse 
 
 a pel o gy college 
 
 ap pall CO logne' 
 
 ap par el con'di ment 
 
 ap'pe tize con science 
 
 ar id con test 'ant 
 
 ar mo ry cri'sis 
 
 as sess'or 'cri ses 
 
 ath'lete ^cro chef 
 
 av a langhe' ^cro quet 
 
 bal'lot deb'it 
 
 ben e fit de ci'sive 
 
 bot a nize de co rous 
 
 cal ci mine dem'a gogue 
 
 e con'o my guid ance 
 e laj^se guin ea 
 
 el'e meht gut tur al 
 em bar'rass by brid 
 em bel lisb ice-floe 
 em'er y id i o cy 
 
 em pba size im be cile 
 en deav'or im per'il 
 en durance in 'fa mous 
 e vap o rate in form 'ant 
 •ex ag ger ate in stall 
 ''ex bale in'ter val 
 
 ''ex bil a rate ir ri gate 
 ''ex hort i sin glass 
 
 fan'ci ful lac quer 
 
 Pronunciation.— ' -na. 2 -se = 6. 3 kl5k. *-8ez. ^krogim/ skrOka'. '-egz 
 * In adding ing to d\e, lie, and (ie, the e is dropped, according to Rule I., and then 
 the i is changed to y to prevent two i's from coming together. 
 
TI2 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Miscellaneous Test Words. 
 
 Direction. — Illustrate the use of each word. The words arc arranged 
 alphabetically to aid in consulting the dictionary. 
 
 )65. 
 
 164. 
 
 16^. 
 
 166. 
 
 lax 'a tive 
 
 nas tur'tium 
 
 L port'able 
 
 strat'agem 
 
 lax i ty 
 
 nu'cle us 
 
 pre vent'ive 
 
 strat e gy 
 
 league 
 
 ob e lisk 
 
 prim'i tive 
 
 strat i fy 
 
 lev'i ty 
 
 ob scene ' 
 
 prog e ny 
 
 tel e gram 
 
 lex i con 
 
 op'er a 
 
 pro pel' 
 
 ten ta cle 
 
 li cense 
 
 ^or ches tra 
 
 prot'est ant 
 
 ter ma gant 
 
 lit i gate 
 
 or i gin 
 
 prov ince 
 
 terse 
 
 lit a ny 
 
 or tho dox 
 
 pur ga tive 
 
 tim'o rous 
 
 lit ur gy 
 
 ox y gen 
 
 pu tre fy 
 
 'tra che a 
 
 lu cid 
 
 par a ble 
 
 qua drille' 
 
 ^tro che 
 
 lug gage 
 
 ^ar a chute 
 
 quad'ru ped 
 
 tu i'tion 
 
 mal ice 
 
 par k dise 
 
 ^qualm 
 
 tyr'an ny 
 
 ma lign' 
 
 ped ant 
 
 rai'ment 
 
 u §urp' 
 
 mam 'moth 
 
 pen nant 
 
 ran cor 
 
 u'til ize 
 
 mar riage 
 
 per fi dy 
 
 ratcli et 
 
 ve neer' 
 
 mar tyr 
 
 per me ate 
 
 rav age 
 
 ven'om 
 
 mas to don 
 
 pes ti lence 
 
 rec i pe 
 
 ven ti late 
 
 med ley 
 
 pet ri fy 
 
 sil hou ette 
 
 ver dant 
 
 me lo'de on 
 
 pis ton 
 
 sparse 
 
 ver mil'ion 
 
 moc'ca sin 
 
 plac id 
 
 sphinx 
 
 ver'rain 
 
 mon gram *pom ace 
 
 spu'ri ous 
 
 vol a tile 
 
 motor 
 
 *pum ice 
 
 sten cil 
 
 wily 
 
 mu ti late 
 
 pomp ous 
 
 stim u lant 
 
 wit ti cism 
 
 myr i ad 
 
 por ous 
 
 suav i ty 
 
 wres tie 
 
 Pronunciation.—* firlces tra. ' -Bhoot. « kwim. * trfl'ke k. • trO'kfi. 
 ♦pomace (pQm'as), substance of crushed apples, etc.; pfimice, a volcanic eub- 
 Btance. 
 
PART III 
 
 IiE^jsejvi J67i 
 
 Misused Words. 
 
 Direction. — Compare the words of each group ; study the meaning 
 and use of each word. 
 
 -, love 
 
 ^' like 
 
 2 atv fully 
 
 ' veiy 
 
 o lear?i 
 
 ' teach 
 
 A 
 
 elegant 
 
 7. 
 
 stop 
 
 rr» 
 
 delightful 
 
 stay 
 
 
 lovely 
 
 Q 
 
 splendid 
 
 5. 
 
 pretty 
 pleasant 
 
 o. 
 
 excellent 
 
 
 
 9. 
 
 can 
 
 R 
 
 funny 
 
 may 
 
 u« 
 
 strange 
 
 
 
 Direction. — Correct the following errors. The proper wor:ls will be 
 found above. 
 
 Do you love green peas ? 
 
 We had an awfully good time. 
 
 These people are awfully jolly. 
 
 He learnt me to swim. 
 
 What an elegant time we did have ! 
 
 Don't you think that hat is lovely f 
 
 It is a lovely day. 
 
 It is funny that I cannot recollect it. 
 
 My friend is stopping at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. 
 
 This roast beef is splendid. 
 
 Can I see you a moment ? 
 
 To the Teacher.— Let the pupils give examples of the correct use of the 
 italicized words. 
 8 
 
114 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 IlEggGN J6S. 
 Misused Words. 
 
 Direction. — Compare the words of each group ; study the meaning 
 and use of each word. 
 
 -. expect 
 ' suppose 
 
 n locate 
 ^' settle 
 
 calculate 
 o believe 
 '^' likely 
 
 intend 
 
 . reckon 
 ' believe 
 
 ladies 
 ^ women 
 * *(jentlemen 
 men 
 
 n perpetually 
 ' continually 
 
 n anticipate 
 expect 
 
 ^* think 
 
 9. 
 
 halance 
 remainder 
 
 Direction. — Correct the following errors. The proper words will be 
 found above. 
 
 1 expect that you were disappointed. 
 
 I intend to locate in the West. 
 
 Tliey could not have found a better man, I calculate. 
 
 His intentions are good, bat his acts are calculated to do 
 
 much harm. 
 I calculate to go West in the spring. 
 They will not try that again, I reckon. 
 Gentlemen have as much curiosity as ladies. 
 They made excellent sales-/«c?iV«?. 
 The Irish aro perpetually using "shall " for "will." 
 Her deatb is hourly anticipated. 
 I guess that you are getting tired. 
 The balance of the day was spent with his books. 
 
 To the Tenclier.— Let the pupils give cvMmi'lc-^ (if tlu; correct use of tHo 
 italicized words. 
 
 * goU» \9 vulgar. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 115 
 
 Misused Words. 
 
 Direction. — Compare the words of each group ; study the meaning 
 and use of each word. 
 
 residence 
 -. house 
 ' reside 
 live 
 
 section 
 jighborhood 
 
 9 sec 
 
 ^' nei 
 
 o propose 
 
 ' purpose 
 
 A recommend 
 
 ' advise 
 
 K predicate 
 
 ' found 
 
 P contemptible 
 
 ' contemptuous 
 
 ^ dangerous 
 
 * '-^ danger 
 
 in 
 
 g universal 
 
 * general 
 
 g transpire 
 
 * Dass 
 
 -.^ posted 
 ' informed 
 
 1 1 most 
 almost 
 
 Direction. — Correct the following errors. The proper words will be 
 found above. 
 
 We shall not reside in our new residence this year. 
 
 The people are very sociable in our section. 
 
 I propose to write a true history. 
 
 You are recommended to try the opposite course. 
 
 My statement was predicated on reliable information. 
 
 I have a contemptible opinion of such performances. 
 
 This opinion is daily becoming more universal. 
 
 Several weeks have transpired, and nothing has been done. 
 
 This man keeps himself well posted. 
 
 The child is quite ill, but not dangerous, 
 
 I have spent most all my money. 
 
 I am most through. 
 
 To <lie Teacher.— Let the pupils give examples of the correct use of the 
 italicized words. 
 
Ii6 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 LEsseNJs 170, m, n% 
 
 Abbreviations. 
 
 Direction. — Copy and learn the abbreviations. Study the spelling of 
 
 the words. 
 
 170. 
 
 of 
 
 A. B., Bachelor 
 Arts. 
 
 A.D. (Anno Domini), 
 in the Year of Our 
 Lord. 
 
 set. (astatis), aged. 
 
 A.M., Before noon ; 
 Master of Arts. 
 
 Anon., Anonymous 
 
 Ans., Answer. 
 
 Av. or Ave., Avenue. 
 
 Atty., Attorney. 
 
 B.C., Before Christ. 
 
 cf. (confer), compare. 
 
 Co., Company ; Coun- 
 ty. 
 
 Coll., College ; Collect- 
 or. 
 
 cwt., hundred-weight. 
 
 E., East. 
 
 e. g. (exempli gratia), 
 for example. 
 
 Bng., England ; Eng- 
 lish. 
 
 Esq., Esquire. 
 
 etc. (et coetera) or &c., 
 and others, and so 
 forth. 
 
 Ex., Example. 
 
 ft., foot ; feet. 
 
 Gov., Governor. 
 hhd., hogshead. 
 id. (idem), the same. 
 i. e. (id est), that is. 
 Jr., Junior. 
 1., line. 
 11., lines. 
 
 Lieut., Lieutenant. 
 LL.D.,Doctorof Laws. 
 M., Meridian, or noon. 
 M. O., Member of Con- 
 
 min., minutes. 
 Mile., Mademoiselle. 
 Mme., Madame, 
 mo., month. 
 MS., Manuscript. 
 MSS., Manuscripts. 
 Mt., Mountain. 
 N., North. 
 
 N.B.'Nota bene). Note 
 well. 
 
 p., page. 
 
 pp., pages. 
 
 Ph. D., Doctor of Phi- 
 losophy. 
 
 P.M., Postmaster ; af- 
 ternoon. 
 
 Pres., President. 
 
 pro tern., for the time 
 being. 
 
 P.S., Postscript. 
 
 pwt., pennyweight. 
 
 R.R., Railroad. 
 
 S., South. 
 
 Sec, Secretary. 
 
 sq. ft., square feet. 
 
 St., Street ; Sainf. 
 
 Supt., Superintendent 
 
 tr., transpose. 
 
 U.S.A., United States 
 of America. 
 
 viz. (videlicet), name- 
 ly, to wit. 
 
 vol., volume. 
 
 vs. (versus), against. 
 
 W., We«t. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 117 
 
 
 llEgS0N )7i. 
 
 
 
 Parts of a Ship. 
 
 
 prow 
 
 shroud till'er 
 
 star'board 
 
 stern 
 
 hatch ca boose' 
 
 lar board 
 
 keel 
 
 berth bin'na cle 
 
 bow sprit 
 
 hull 
 
 tack'le fore cas tie 
 
 fore-mast 
 
 helm 
 
 rig ging cap stan 
 
 main -mast 
 
 rud'der 
 
 hal yards wind lass 
 
 IlEggej^ 174. 
 Pertaining to Sailing. 
 
 miz zen-mast 
 
 'yacht 
 
 ca noe' na'vy 
 
 har'bor 
 
 yawl 
 
 galley flo tilla 
 
 ham mock 
 
 launch 
 
 gon do la com 'pass 
 
 \ ad mi ral 
 
 do'ry 
 
 schoon er bal last 
 
 com mo dore 
 
 frig ate 
 
 pri va teer' ^buoy 
 
 cap tain 
 
 cat a ma ran' mon'i tor anchor 
 
 ma rine' 
 
 
 IiESSe]V[ 175. 
 
 
 
 Precious Stones. 
 
 
 pearl 
 
 quartz cam'e 
 
 di'a mond 
 
 ru'by 
 
 to'paz em er aid 
 
 am e thyst 
 
 pal 
 
 jas per brill iant 
 
 mal a -ehite 
 
 ag ate 
 
 gar net car bun cle 
 
 ^tur quois' 
 
 onyx 
 
 ber yl car nel'ian 
 
 ^sap'phire 
 
 ProHunciatiou.— 1 yot. "^ bwQy or bwS^. ^ tur koiz' (or keez). * sSf Ir (or ur). 
 
1 1 8 Word Lessons. 
 
 IlESgeN 176. 
 
 Herbs- Flowering Shrubs. 
 
 balm cat 'nip ' lau'rel deut'zi a 
 
 tan'sy gin seng ja§ mine sy rin'ga 
 
 hys sop car a way spi rae'a a bu ti Ion 
 
 mul lein lav en der a za le a eg'lan tine 
 
 an ise mar jo ram priv'et hy dran'ge a 
 
 lo be'li a ber ga mot wei ge'la cal y can 'thus 
 
 The Plant World. 
 
 Direction. — C(^ the follomng, and study the italicized words. 
 
 The earth is a machine which yields almost gratuitous service to 
 every application of intellect. Every plant is a manufacturer of soil. 
 In the stomach of the plant development begins. The tree can draw on 
 the whole air, the wJiole earth, on all the roiling main. The plant is 
 all suction pipe,— imbibing from the ground by its roots, from the air 
 by its leaves, with all its might.— Emerson. 
 
 To cultivate a garden is to walk with God, to go hand in hand with 
 Nature in some of her most beautiful processes, to learn something of 
 her choicest secrets, and to have a more intelligent interest awakened in 
 the beautiful order of her works elsewhere. — Bovee. 
 
 Stately Spring 1 whose robe-folds are valleys, whose breast-bouquet is 
 gardens, and whose blush is a vernal evening. — Richter. 
 
 The vegetable cohorts march glowing out of the year in flaming 
 dresses, as if to leave this earth were a triumph. — Beecher. 
 
A Complete Speller, 119 
 
 
 Leps©]vi m- 
 
 
 
 Flowers. 
 
 
 m'y 
 
 pan'sy dahl'ia 
 
 vi'o let 
 
 li lac 
 
 pe tu'ni a zin ni a 
 
 a nem'o ne 
 
 tu lip 
 
 bal'sam bou var'di a 
 
 ge ra'ni um 
 
 pUox 
 
 cro cus mar'i gold 
 
 hol'ly hock 
 
 pe'o ny 
 
 ver be'na be go ni a 
 
 hy a cintli 
 
 'f ucli si a 
 
 dai'sy he'li trope 
 
 ^mificn on ette' 
 
 Flowers— Parts. 
 
 CO rol'la ca'lyx sta'men pis'til 
 
 pet'al se pal pol len stig ma 
 
 Direction. — Co'py tlie following, and study the italicized words. 
 
 Flowers should deck the brow of the youthful bride, for they are in 
 themselves a lovely type of marriage. They should twine round the 
 tomb, for their perpetually renewed beauty is a symbol of the resurrec- 
 tion. They should festoon the altar, for their fragrance and their 
 heautj ascend in perpetual worship before the Most High. — Mrs. Child. 
 
 ** If flowers have souls,^^ said Undine, *' the bees, whose nurses they 
 are, must seem to them darling children at the breast. I once fancied 
 a paradise for the spirits of departed flowers. They go," answered I, 
 *' not into paradise, but into a middle state ; the souls of lilies enter 
 into maidens^ foreheads, those of hyacinths and forget-me-nots dwell 
 in their eyes, and those of roses in their lips." — Richter. 
 
 Pronunciation.— 1 ffl'shl a. ' mln yon St'. 
 
I20 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 
 
 LEggejM 180. 
 
 
 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 
 cir cum'fer ence 
 
 meas'Ure 
 
 scru'ple 
 
 ster'ling 
 
 de nom i nate 
 
 stand ard 
 
 di am'e ter 
 
 are a 
 
 a poth e ca ries' 
 
 lin e ar 
 
 rect'an gle 
 
 a ere 
 
 weight 
 
 fath om 
 
 cir cu lar 
 
 cir cle 
 
 av oir du pois' 
 
 square 
 
 vol ume 
 
 an gle 
 
 dii dec'i mal 
 
 liq'uid 
 
 pereli 
 
 sol id 
 
 
 IiEsjses 1^1. 
 
 
 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 
 cou pon 
 cap i tal 
 par tial 
 an nu al 
 pay ee' 
 dis'count 
 
 phrase 
 
 clause 
 
 sub'ject 
 
 noun 
 
 verb 
 
 ad Verb 
 
 certificate prin'ciples (o/) bro'kerage 
 
 con sign ee' per cent 'age guar an ty 
 
 di men'sion prin'ci pal(a«rf) con sign 'or 
 
 com mis si on in ter est j^re'mi urn 
 
 ne go ti a ble in dorse 'ment for mu la 
 
 in stall ment prom 'is so ry pro ceeds 
 
 IiEjsjseN is^. 
 
 Grammar. 
 
 di'agram col lect'ive prep o si'tion 
 
 j)ro noun ad'jec tive interjecticm 
 
 com mon per son al in ter rog a tive 
 
 prop er rel a tive ex plan 'a to ry 
 
 mod i ii er pred i cate prop o si'tion 
 
 sentence conjunc'tion com 'pie ment 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 121 
 
 
 llEJSJSejVI )g3. 
 
 
 
 The Church. 
 
 
 bist'op 
 
 chor'is ter chan'cel 
 
 lit 'a ny 
 
 priest 
 
 dis ci'ple bap tism 
 
 tes ta ment 
 
 cler 'gy 
 
 col'port eur s^c ra ment 
 
 ser vice 
 
 pas tor 
 
 pres by ter res ur rec'tion 
 
 sane ti ty 
 
 dea con 
 
 tab er na cle cer'e mo ny 
 
 pen i tence 
 
 lai ty 
 
 syn a gogue right eous ness 
 
 sac ri lege 
 
 Relating to Law. 
 
 no'tary af ii daVit de fend'ant con vey'an cer 
 
 reg is ter re prieve' '^mort'gage mag'is trate 
 
 sher iff ^eq'ui ty con sta ble 'pet it Ju ry 
 
 ver diet jus tice ^sub pce'na pros e cu'tion 
 
 po lice' ev i dence sum'mons ex e cu tion 
 
 plaint 'iff de fense' ac qnit'tal tes'ti mo ny 
 
 
 IlEggeN )s^. 
 
 
 
 Crimes and Offenders. 
 
 
 ar'son 
 
 big'a my 
 
 thief 
 
 ^ruffian 
 
 as sault' 
 
 su i cide 
 
 li'ar 
 
 vil lain 
 
 mur'der 
 
 may hem 
 
 trai tor 
 
 ras cal 
 
 horn i cide 
 
 trea son 
 
 per jur er 
 
 im pos'tor 
 
 burg la ry 
 
 f el ny 
 
 crim i nal 
 
 scoun'drel 
 
 lar ce ny 
 
 brib er y 
 
 vag a bond 
 
 pris on er 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 .— 1 ek'wl ty. 2 mor'gej. ^ sub, not sup. ■» 
 
 pet'y. 5 ruf yan. 
 
122 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 IlEJSjSejM )S6. 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 ^ rood, fourth, of an acre. 
 rude, rough. 
 
 sear, to burn. 
 2 sear or sere, dry, faded, 
 seer, a prophet. 
 
 o shear, to clip, 
 sheer, pure ; to turn aside. 
 
 . serf, a Russian slave, 
 surf, breaking waves. 
 
 K serge, a kind of cloth. 
 surge, to rise, as waves ; a 
 wave. 
 
 suite (or suit), attendants ; 
 6 a set of rooms, 
 sweet, like sugar ; pleas- 
 ing. 
 
 w team, — of horses, etc. 
 teem, to be full of. 
 
 £, tear, water from the eye. 
 tier, a row. 
 
 ^ throe, agony. 
 throw, to cast. 
 
 -jQ thrown, cast. 
 
 throne, a royal seat. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 Light as the foaming (4). — Cmcper. (5) above (5) buret 
 with tremendous roar. — Thompwn. (6) is the breatli of morn. 
 — j\Faton. (9) physic to the dogs. — Shakaqjcare. (1) am I in 
 
 my speech. — Shakespeare. The (2), the yellow leaf. — Sfioke-tpeatr. 
 
 He who is unmoved by a (8) has no licart. — NaiioUwi. His 
 mind (7)ing with schemes of deceit. — Scou. Wrong forever 
 on the (10). — Lomii. Laban went to (3) his sheep. — BMe. 
 Go preach to the coward, thou deatli telling (2). — Campbell. 
 Every (1) of ground maintained its man. — GoUinmUh. " (3) 
 nonsense." Russia freed her (4)s. (5) is commonly of 
 wool. The (6) of an ambassador. The plowman shouts at 
 his (7). (8)s of seats rose, one above another. Care is not 
 easily (10) off. A horse or a ship may (3) from its course. 
 My (9)s came quicker, and my cries increased. — Dryden. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 123 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 tale, a story ; a number 
 1 counted off, 
 
 tail, the end. 
 
 o tract, a legion ; small book. 
 tracked, did track. 
 
 o troop, a collection of people, 
 troupe, — of players. 
 
 vain, fruitless ; fond of 
 . praise. 
 
 vane, a weather-cock. 
 vein, a blood-vessel. 
 
 K vial, a small bottle, a phial, 
 viol, a musical instrument. 
 
 al'tar, a place of sacrifice. 
 " al ter, to change. 
 
 K, au'ger, a tool for boring. 
 au gur, to predict by signs. 
 
 Q^ as cent', a rising, 
 assent, agreement. 
 
 (. bor'ough, a corporate town, 
 burrow, a hole in the 
 ground made by ani- 
 mals. 
 
 1^ can'non, a large gun. 
 canon, a rule of the 
 church. 
 
 Direction. — Pat the right word in the right place. 
 
 We spend our years as a (1) [number] that is told [counted 
 off]. — Bible. All the wealth I had ran in my (4)s. — Sfiakesq^^xire. 
 His (3)s moved to victory. — Macauiay. As tedious as a twice- 
 told (1). — Shakespeare. Holds the eel of sciencc by the (1). — • 
 Ihpe. (4) is the help of man. — BiUe. I found an (6) with 
 this inscription : To the unknown God. — Bible. Seeking the 
 bubble reputation even in the (lO)'s mouth. — Shakespeare. Hid 
 in an (7)-hole. — Shakespeare. The (9) is the simplest form of 
 a house. From your sacred (5)s pour your graces. — S7iak£- 
 speare. Softer strings of lute or (5). — Milton. The law which 
 (6)eth not. — Bible. It received the (8) of the prmce. — B-escott. 
 The Holy Scriptures are the sacred (10) . A narrow (2) of 
 earth. — Addison. The (8) of vapors from the earth. — ^'ebster. 
 In Conn, and Pa., an incorporated village is called a (9). 
 (2) by a bloodhound. "It (7)s ill." The (4) shows the 
 direction of the wind. A theatrical (3). 
 
124 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 liEggeN jss. 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 1 can vas, coarse linen cloth. 
 can vass, to examine. 
 
 cap'i tal, chief ; chief town ; 
 
 2 stock in trade. 
 capitol, a house for legis- 
 lative bodies. 
 
 o cession, the act of ceding. 
 session, the sitting of any 
 assembly. 
 
 . ceiling, — of a room, 
 seal ing, — ^with a seal. 
 
 f. ce re al, relating to grain, 
 se ri al, relating to a series. 
 
 n. cru el, inhuman. 
 crewel, worsted. 
 
 cellar, a room under- 
 7 ground, 
 
 sell er, one who sells. 
 
 Q collar, — ^for the neck, 
 choler, anger. 
 
 Q kernel, — of a nut; of corn, 
 colonel, an officer. 
 
 com' pie ment, that which 
 10 completes. 
 
 com pli ment, praise. 
 
 ^ 1 coun'cil, assembly of men. 
 coun sel, advice. 
 
 indict', to accuse in due 
 12 form. 
 
 in dite, to compose. 
 
 Direction. — But the right word in the right place. 
 
 And now the thickened sky like a dark (4) stood. — MUton. 
 Jealousy is (6) as the grave.— ^&fe. (4) the stone and set- 
 ting a watch. — BiUe. Thy (11), lad, smells of no cowardice. 
 
 — Shakefq)eare. What! drunk with (8)? — Shakespeare. Who (12)d 
 
 this letter ? — Shakespeare. Draw your neck out of the (8). — 
 Shakespeare. So many hollow (10)s. — Milton. A Solemn (11) 
 forthwith to be held. — MUtm. A busy splendid (2). — Macaiaay. 
 To suit his (I) to the roughness of the sea. — GoUismUh. (5) 
 food. Worked with (6). A (7) for storing wines or roots. 
 The (9) commands a regiment. The grand jury may (12). 
 A (5) story. The (9) of the whole matter. A (3) of Con- 
 gress. A visit to the (2) at Washington. We will (1) the 
 matter thoroughly. Some verbs require a (10). Buyers and 
 (7)s. A (3) of the island of New Orleans. — Bano-qft. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 125 
 
 IiEggejvi }S9. 
 
 Homonyms. 
 
 ^ lessen, to make less. 
 les son, what is learned. 
 
 *lev'ee, a bank to prevent 
 2 overflow ; an assembly 
 
 of visitors. 
 lev y, to raise or collect. 
 
 o sail' or, a man who sails. 
 sail er, a thing that sails. 
 
 . suc'cor, help. 
 suck er, that which sucks ; 
 a fish. 
 
 P weath er, state of the air. 
 '^ weth er, a sheep. 
 
 8 
 
 marshal, an officer ; to ar- 
 range. 
 mar tial, relating to war. 
 
 metal, iron, gold, etc. 
 mettle, spirit, courage. 
 
 miner, a worker in mines, 
 mi nor, one under age. 
 
 ^ mus'cle, — of the body, 
 mussel or muscle, a shell- 
 fish. 
 
 mus'tard, a plant and its 
 10 seed. 
 
 mus tered, gathered. * 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 The brisk (8) pants for twenty-one. — Pope. He is able to 
 (4) them that are temj^ted. — BiUe. Lives like a drunken (3) 
 on a mast. — Shakespeare. Pain is (l)ed by another's anguish. 
 — Shakespeare. It is foul (5) in US all, good sir, when you are 
 cloudy. — simkespeare. The rascal hath good (7) in him. — 
 
 Shakespeare. The effect of this gOOd (1) keep. — Shakespeare. I 
 
 am a tainted (5) of the flock. — Shakespeare. Order the trial, 
 (6), and begin. — Shakespeare. Ncw Orleans is protected from 
 inundation by a (2). The shoot on the stem is a (4). The 
 vessel is a fast (3). Some (9)s obey the will. (10) has a 
 pungent taste. Armies have sappers and (8)s.^-We6s?er. To 
 (2) taxes. The (9) is a bivalve. Troops were (10). So- 
 norous (7) blowing (6) sounds. — Milton. 
 
 * In the second sense, usually pronounced levee', in the United States. 
 
126 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Lesson 190. 
 
 Words very nearly alike in sound. 
 
 brid'al, marriage. 
 bri die, — for a horse. 
 
 car'at, a weight. 
 
 car rot, a garden root. 
 
 gam'ble, to play for money, 
 gam bol, to frolic. 
 
 cym'bal, a musical instru- 
 ment. 
 symbol, sign. 
 
 i'dle, doing nothing. 
 i dol, an image for worship. 
 idyl (or id), a descriptive 
 poem. 
 
 li'ar, one who tells lies. 
 lyre, a musical instrument. 
 
 r^ prin'cipal, chief, 
 prill ci pie, rule of action. 
 
 8 
 
 bar'ren, unfruitful. 
 bar on, a noble. 
 
 g currant, fruit. 
 current, stream. 
 
 ex'er else, to set in action ; 
 
 10 action. 
 
 ex or else, to drive out evil 
 spirits. 
 
 pen'dant (noun), a hanging 
 
 11 ornament. 
 pendent (adj.), hanging. 
 
 -.^ pis'tol, fire-arm. 
 pis til, — of a flower. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 Words are the (4)s of things. — Smun. Wisdom is the (7) 
 thing. — Bible. The (1) of the earth and sky. — Herhcrt. In (5) 
 wishes fools supinely stay. — Crahbe. God and good men hate 
 so foul a (Q),—Shah:q)€are. (3) ou thc "grccu." A Continual 
 (1) on the tongue. — Watts. The wise for cure on (10) de- 
 pend. — Drydm. Sounding brass and tinkling (4). — BMe, 
 Tennyson's *' (5)s of the King." Pure gold is twenty-four 
 (2)s fine. The (9) grows on a shrub. The (6) was the 
 instrument of Apollo. Words (8) of ideas. A (9) of elec- 
 tricity. The (12) is the seed-bearing organ. My (5) was 
 shattered. To (10) a demon. Men (3) away home and 
 happiness. A (11) rock. (2)s are reddish-yellow. (8) 
 Humboldt. A jeweled (11) at the car. (12)sfrom Pistoja, 
 Italy. Sound (7)s. 
 
A Complete Speller, 127 
 
 Review. 
 
 1. (Throw, tliroe) physic to the dogs ; (isle. Til, aisle) 
 
 (none, nun) of it. — Sltakespeare. 
 
 2. (Idyl, idol, idle) (tiers, tears), I know not wliat they 
 
 (mien, mean). — Tennyson. 
 
 3. (Sweet, suite) is pleasure after (pain, pane). — Dnjden. 
 
 4. Who o'er the (heard, herd) (wood, would) wish to (rain, 
 
 reign) ? — Scott. 
 
 5. Loud (surges, serges) lash the sounding shore. — B:)pe. 
 
 6. The golden (altar, alter) which was before the (thrown, 
 
 throne). — Bible, 
 
 7. The (assent, ascent) of the Matterhom tests both (mus- 
 
 sel, muscle) and (metal, mettle). 
 
 8. (Vein, vain) as the (lief, leaf) upon the stream. — fkou. 
 
 9. He who (would, wood) rule others must (bridal, bridle) 
 
 self. 
 
 10. A (barren, baron) (tracked, tract) of land is called a 
 
 desert. 
 
 11. The (marshal, martial) proceeded to (levy, levee) 
 
 (troupes, troops). 
 
 12. Ships are but boards, (sailors, sailers) but m.en.—Shak. 
 
 13. The Senate holds its (cessions, sessions) in the north 
 
 wing of the (Capitol, capital). 
 
 14. The crack of the (pistil, pistol) was the signal for the 
 
 booming of the (canon, cannon). 
 
 15. From a circle around the moon farmers (augur, auger) 
 
 (fowl, foul) (wether, weather). 
 
 16. The (carrot, carat) is used in weighing precious metals. 
 
 17. Would that our (principal, principle) men were all men 
 
 of (principal, principle) ! 
 
 18. Millions for defense (butt, but) (not, knot) (won, one) 
 
 (scent, cent, sent) for tribute. — Bnckmy. 
 
128 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Diseases. 
 
 choler a jaun'dice in saii'i ty rheu'ma tism 
 
 mea sles verti go di ar rhe'a in flam ma'tion 
 
 scur vy scr5f u la lu'na cy dys pep'si a 
 
 'nau se a de lir'i um chil blain er y sip'e las 
 
 drop sy hys ter ics neu ral'gi a dys'en ter y 
 
 IlE^SeN )95. 
 Diseases. 
 
 a'gue asth'ma 
 
 pal sy croup 
 
 pa ral'y sis ca tarrh' 
 
 ep'i lep sy pleu'ri sy 
 
 ap o plex y ^phthis ic 
 
 mara§'miis ^phthisis 
 
 bron-ehi'tis 
 diph tlie ri a 
 pneu mo ni a 
 in flu en'za 
 tu'mor 
 ul cer 
 
 ty'plius 
 ab scess 
 can cer 
 gan grene 
 scar la t'i'na 
 va'ri o loid 
 
 liEJSgejSI J94. 
 Medicines. 
 
 phys'ic ca thar'tic lau'da num al'co hoi 
 
 rhu barb mor'plilne par e gor'ic glyc er ine 
 
 ip e cac >gen tian sar sa pa ril'la va le'ri an 
 
 qui nine' lie o rice clilo'ro form ^mag ne si a 
 
 ar'se nic *quas si a strych nine am nio ni a 
 
 cam plior snl phur o po del'doc sas'sa fras 
 
 PronuncUtioai.-i naw'she &. "tla'ik. •thl'sis. «kwd8h1&. •nC'shla. 
 
A Comi)lete Si)eller, 
 
 129 
 
 
 LEJSJSe]\[ )9i. 
 
 
 Troublesome Terminations— a r, er, 
 
 or (= uv). 
 
 act 'or 
 
 bear'er 
 
 chan'cel lor 
 
 debt 'or • 
 
 dip per 
 
 beggar 
 
 sec u lar 
 
 doc tor 
 
 an ces tor 
 
 be liev'er 
 
 clam or 
 
 dol lar 
 
 ar bor 
 
 lodger 
 
 cor ner 
 
 do nor 
 
 ar dor 
 
 burg lar 
 
 ju ror 
 
 ed it or 
 
 ail di tor 
 
 cal en dar 
 
 con duct 'or 
 
 fla vor 
 
 au thor 
 
 cap tor 
 
 cred'it or 
 
 bach e lor 
 
 XJ»e, — Descending from noble ancestors ; pursuing with ardor ; an 
 attentive auditor ; the calendar of the year ; the captor showing mercy 
 to the captive ; the chancellor of a university ; both sacred and secu- 
 lar music ; the loud clamor of battle ; a generous donor ; a delicious 
 flavor. 
 
 IlESSeN )96. 
 
 ar, er^ or (— iir). 
 
 glob'u lar 
 gov ern or 
 gram mar 
 gro cer 
 har bor 
 in struct 'or 
 in vent or 
 
 joc'u lar 
 jun ior 
 4an guor 
 ledg er 
 lu nar 
 me te or 
 
 mor tar 
 mourn er 
 mus cu lar 
 nee tar 
 oc u lar 
 o dor 
 
 op press or 
 or 'a tor 
 rig or 
 preach er 
 con quer or 
 pos sess'or 
 
 sue ces 'so r pro f ess 'or pre cep tor 
 
 tTse.— Globular shape of the earth ; a droll, jocular mood ; lan- 
 guor induced by exhaustion ; a lunar eclipse ; meteors flaming through 
 the sky ; successor of the deceased king ; to drink the nectar of the 
 gods ; ocular proof ; stern winter's rigor ; preceptor in Latin. 
 
 Pronunciation.— i lang'gwar. 
 
 9 
 
I30 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 IlEgJSe]? J97. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 ac cli'mate 
 ad dr^ss' 
 
 {noun and verb) 
 
 al'ge bra {not bra) 
 al 16p'a thy 
 al lo p3;th'ic 
 ho me 5p'a thy 
 ho me 5p'a thist 
 ho me o pS-th'ic 
 hy drop'a thy 
 3,1 ter ca'tion 
 al ter'nate 
 
 (noun and adj.) 
 
 2,rternate or 
 3,1 ter'nate 
 
 (verb) 
 
 amateur 
 
 /am a t^r' or\ 
 Vam a ttlr' / 
 
 (See Key, pp. 36 and 71.) 
 
 de ca'dence 
 
 am a ttlr 
 
 apotheosis cognac 
 
 (kon'yak) 
 
 ca nine 
 
 €3,tch (/io< ketch) 
 
 Qere'ments 
 
 ehir^g'raphy disfranchise 
 
 de fai'cate 
 dmcit 
 
 aroma 
 ath e ne'um 
 badinage 
 
 (bJtd e nSzh') 
 
 bl^s'phe my 
 bo re a'lis 
 bron ehi'tis 
 
 c6m'pa ra ble 
 c5m'rade 
 CO qu^t'ry 
 cpu'ri er 
 covetous 
 
 (kjiv'et us) 
 
 dis'pu tant 
 d5c'ile 
 duc'at 
 e ner'vate 
 ex'qui §ite 
 ex tem'po re 
 ex t51' 
 flae'gid 
 
 Troublesome Terminations — ar, er, or (= ur). 
 
 ru'mor 
 
 splen'dor 
 
 tor'por 
 
 vie'tor 
 
 sen a tor 
 
 stag ger 
 
 trai tor 
 
 vigor 
 
 sen ior 
 
 strag gler 
 
 tre mor 
 
 vis it or 
 
 sim i lar 
 
 suit or 
 
 tu bu lar 
 
 vul gar 
 
 liq uor 
 
 tenor 
 
 tutor 
 
 wearer 
 
 solar 
 
 survey 'or 
 
 valor 
 
 tab u lar 
 
 spec ta'tor 
 
 com pet i tor 
 
 vapor 
 
 con quer or 
 
 Use, — Wars and rumors of wars ; solar rays ; a persistent suitor ; 
 the even tenor of our way ; competitors in love ; the torpor of death ; 
 a tremor of fear ; a tubular bridge ; the valor of Hercules ; the vigor 
 of youth ; tabular statistics. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 ^31 
 
 liEggeN j99. 
 
 Troublesome Terminations — cal, cle. 
 
 cu'bic al 
 chem ic al 
 clas sic al 
 cler ic al 
 com ic al 
 
 cu'ti cle 
 cyn ic al 
 fin i cal 
 mir a cle 
 mus cle 
 
 mag'ic al hys ter'ic al 
 
 i ci cle fa nat ic al 
 
 log ic al i den tic al 
 
 man a cle gram mat ic al 
 
 med ic al math e mafic al 
 
 crit ic al mu sic al met ric al met a plior ic al 
 
 Use. — Classical literature ; clerical garb ; clerical errors ; exam- 
 ined with critical care ; the cuticle covering the body ; cynical as 
 Diogenes ; finical taste ; logical course of reasoning ; manacles on the 
 wrists ; metrical cadence of poetry ; outburst of hysterical laughter ; 
 fanatical reformers ; identical person ; a metaphorical use of words. 
 
 IlEggeN ^06. 
 
 cal, cle, 
 
 ob'sta cle pin'na cle spher'ic al 
 
 op tic al prac ti cal sur gic al 
 
 or a cle rad i cal tecli nic al 
 
 par ti cle skep tic al top ic al 
 
 po et'ic al spec ta cle trag ic al 
 
 phys'ic al ve lii cle typ ic al 
 
 whim 'si cal 
 sym met 'ric al 
 re cep ta cle 
 an a lyt'ic al 
 statis'tic al 
 met a phys'ic al 
 
 Use.— An optical illusion; predictions of an oracle; physical force; 
 a pinnacle of the temple ; for all practical purposes ; a radical 
 change ; a skeptical mind ; a hideous spectacle ; language, the vehi- 
 cle of thought ; technical terms of science ; the cornucopia, typical 
 of abundance ; whimsical humor ; symmetrical in outline ; analyt- 
 ical reasoning ; statistical tables ; metaphysical speculations. 
 
1^2 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 IiEggeji ^6). 
 
 Pronunciation.— (See Key, pp. 36 and 71.) 
 
 fi nance' 
 fi nan'ce§ 
 fin an cier' 
 forge 
 f or'ger y 
 fort'night 
 fr3;ii'chi§e 
 ful'some 
 gape 
 gdn'do la 
 googe'ber ry 
 
 gov'ern mcnt 
 gr^n'a ry 
 gra'tis 
 grease {noun) 
 grea§e ^verb) 
 greag'y 
 gri mace' 
 guii'no 
 gum-ar'a bic 
 hal'i but 
 
 kandkercliief 
 
 (hungk'er chlf) 
 
 hearth 
 hdr'o ine 
 hSr'o ism 
 his'to ry 
 
 (three syl.) 
 
 h^l'o caust 
 hound 
 
 (sound d) 
 
 ho ri'zon 
 hy'gi ene 
 
 hy gi ^n'ic 
 hy men e'al 
 im'pi ous 
 in cdm'pa ra ble 
 in dis'pu ta ble 
 in'dustry 
 in Sx'o ra blp 
 in qulr'y 
 in'te gral 
 in ter 15c'u tor 
 
 IiEggajvi ^0^. 
 
 Troublesome Terminations — cy^ sy. 
 
 ac cu ra cy 
 in tri ca cy 
 brill iau cy 
 discrep'aucy 
 clem 'en cy 
 con spir'a cy 
 con'tro ver sy 
 
 'court 'e sy 
 de cen cy 
 del i ca cy 
 ec sta ay 
 em has sy 
 spi cy 
 tipsy 
 
 fal'la cy 
 flee cy 
 her e sy 
 jui cy 
 leg a cy 
 pol i cy 
 se ere cy 
 
 pn va cy 
 tend en cy 
 va can cy 
 e mer'gen cy 
 ^hy poc ri sy 
 de moc ra cy 
 ce lib a cy 
 
 Use, — Mathematical accuracy ; a discrepancy between two state- 
 ments ; treating the prisoner with clemency ; in an ecstasy of delight ; 
 an embassy from France ; fallacy in reasoning ; religious heresy ; 
 England's foreign policy ; a downward tendency ; reiidy for any 
 emergency ; Pharisaic hypocrisy ; the celibacy of the clergy. 
 
 Pronunciation.— 1 kurt'e Hy. ' hf {not by). 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 l?> 
 
 Troublesome Terminations— i^sc, ize» 
 
 ag'o nize cat'e cliise e con'o mize ag'gran dize 
 
 bap tize' crit i cise en'ter prise com pro mise 
 
 cap size le gal ize col o nize char ac ter ize 
 
 chas tise mas: net ize fer ti lize fa mil'iar ize 
 
 civ'il ize e qual ize gal va nize a pol o gize 
 
 i dol ize au thor ize har mo nize ad ver tise' 
 
 TJse. — To civilize the savages ; to catechise children on matters of 
 theology ; war, or legalized murder ; to magnetize a needle ; to 
 equalize accounts ; authorized by usage ; to economize time ; a 
 business enterprise ; to colonize new territories ; colors or tones that 
 heirmonize ; schemes for aggrandizing self ; no compromise with evil ; 
 the firmness which characterized Cromwell ; to familiarize one's self 
 with the Bible. 
 
 liEggOM ^04. 
 
 tssy !%€, y^e. 
 
 mor al ize 
 neu tral ize 
 
 rec og nize 
 
 mer'clian dise 
 sym pa tbize 
 
 mem'o rize pat'ron ize scru'ti nize 
 
 sol em nize 
 
 stig ma tize scan dal ize 
 
 su per vise' mo nop'o lize 
 
 sym ' bol ize sy s 'tem a tize 
 
 tan ta lize tyr an nize 
 
 sat ir ize 
 or gan ize the o rize 
 pul ver ize an a lyze 
 re al ize par a lyze 
 
 Use.— To moralize on all subjects ; to neutralize opposition ; to 
 offensively patronize an inferior ; to satirize folly ; to theorize on 
 the future life ; to paralyze one's energies ; to scrutinize a man's 
 motives ; to solemnize marriage ; to stigmatize one's character ; a 
 circle to symbolize eternity ; to tantalize with false hopes ; to scanda- 
 lize virtuous men ; to monopolize the India trade ; to systematize 
 one's work ; to tyrannize over the weak. 
 
134 Word Lessons. 
 
 Pronunciation.— (See Key, pp. 36 and 71.) 
 
 iron laun'dry ma'tron mis c5n'strue 
 
 ir re me'di a ble ^^\ ^"^^^ '^^^^\ ^]^ ^^^ ^^^I'e cule 
 
 ir rSp'a ra ble ^^ ^^ ®^^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^^'® mdn o ma 'ni ac 
 
 irrevocable li'lac memoir m6r'phine 
 
 IS late (or i§) li thdg ra pher ^^<^^^ ^j^^ mu ge'um 
 
 ju'gular lyce'um nie§'mer ize nape 
 
 ju ye mle j^ain'te nance ^j ^^'ma nausea 
 
 fv , . n ^^ ^^'^^ ^ mi cro scop'ic ("awshe a) 
 
 lamentable ^^^ ^•.< v ,. ,. x^^.'^^\ 
 
 mam ma mm i a ture ^*^ 5^^ 
 
 languor ... . , i v vm- i 
 
 (lang'gwur) papa mischievous national 
 
 Troublesome Terminations— a&?e, ihle* 
 
 not'a ble de plor'a ble ])er ceiv'a ble 
 
 pal pa ble re vers i ble per cep ti ble 
 
 pit i a ble os ten si ble per mis si ble 
 
 pos si ble re ceiv a ble re spect a ble 
 
 rul a ble plau'si ble re spon si ble 
 
 sal a ble suit a ble sus cep ti ble 
 
 ten a ble tam a ble war'rant a ble 
 
 vis i ble tau gi ble ap pli ca ble 
 
 XJae* — A notable event ; palpable errors ; a position not tenable ; 
 reduced to a deplorable condition ; a reversible sentence ; ostensible 
 motives ; a plausible story ; tangible objects ; no perceptible differ- 
 ence ; permissible indulgence ; the susceptible young mind ; a severity 
 not warrantable ; a remark applicable to tlie case. 
 
A Complete Speller. 135 
 
 Troublesome Terminations — able, ible. 
 
 accept'a ble au'di ble des'pi ca ble 
 
 ac ces si ble blam a ble con tempt 'i ble 
 
 ad vis a ble du ra ble at trib u ta ble 
 
 a me na ble di gest'i ble cor rupt i ble 
 
 as sail a ble dis cern i ble in flam ma ble 
 
 a vail a ble con ceiv a ble com bus ti ble 
 
 di vis i ble credit a ble ad mis si ble 
 
 cul'pa ble cred i ble at tain a ble 
 
 TJse, — Accessible mountains ; amenable to the divine law ; in an 
 assailable position ; available funds; culpable negligence ; audible 
 whisper ; infinity not being conceivable ; creditable witnesses ; cred, 
 ible statements ; despicable meanness ; faults, not attributable to the 
 author ; admissible arguments ; perfection not attainable. 
 
 IiEjs^es ^Qs. 
 
 dble^ ihle, 
 
 eat'a ble in sep'a ra ble in com 'pa ra ble 
 
 ed i ble in tel li gi ble in cor ri gi ble 
 
 el i gi ble im mov a ble in di gest'i ble 
 
 equable excusable indispensable 
 
 fal li ble flex'i ble in e^ haust i ble 
 
 fea si ble in del'i ble ir re sist i ble 
 
 laud a ble i ras ci ble ir rep a ra ble 
 
 leg i ble ir'ri ta ble in im i ta ble 
 
 JJse.—'Bdlhle roots ; eligible to office ; equable motion ; all men 
 being fallible ; a feasible plan ; legible writing ; an intelligible ac- 
 count ; the flexible willow ; indelible impressions ; irascible temper ; 
 Shakespeare's incomparable genius; an incorrigible drunkard ; indis- 
 pensable to success ; irreparable loss ; inimitable wit. 
 
136 Word Lessons. 
 
 Pronunciation. — (See Key, pp. so and 71.) 
 
 re c6n'nois sance pa'tri ot p6r'ce lain qnan''da rv 
 
 nom'i na tive pa'tron p6st'hu mous qui nine' or 
 
 o'ase§ pat'ronize pretty quinine 
 
 oleomar'garine r)e'o nv ^^"'"^^ , ^"^^'^ 
 
 (g' hard before a) ^ ^ pretense rdd'ish 
 
 6n'er ous p^r'emp to ry pj.^ ^gnt'ive rail'ler j 
 
 onyx pi a'no-for'te pr5b'ity rapine 
 
 rang'-pu tS,ng' pla card' pronunciation raspberry 
 
 6r'tho e py ^i, be'ian ^'' "^" f ff "^ ^'^'^'' '''^ 
 
 o'vert plebeian pyr^ni'idal ri'tional 
 
 . ,., Po'em pyri'te§ re'al ly 
 
 partiality , .. , . ,. /,, .. 
 
 Opar 8hi ai'i ty) po lo nai§e qu^g gy neu raigi a 
 
 Troublesome Terminations — eous^ ious. 
 
 a'queous right 'ecus am phib'i ous 
 
 CO pi ous gor geous cer e mo'ni ous 
 
 du bi ous nau seous del e te ri ous 
 
 ga§ e ous sac ri le'gious in stan ta ne ous 
 
 hid e ous er ro'ne ous mis eel la ne ous 
 
 im pi ous punc til ious si mul ta ne ous 
 
 de lir'i ous out ra geous su per cil i ous 
 
 court 'e ous im per vi ous spon ta'ne ous 
 
 Use, — Aqueous solutions ; copious draughts ; dubious questions 
 and issues ; a courteous gentleman ; profaned by sacrilegious hands ; 
 punctilious observance of forms ; cloth made impervious to water ; 
 frogs being amphibious ; deleterious drags ; simultaueous events ; 
 supercilious scorn ; spontaneous bursts of applause. 
 
A Complete Spellei\ 137 
 
 Troublesome Terminations— an ^, ent. 
 
 a bun'dant com'bat ant cor'pu lent 
 
 ac count ant com pe tent de fend 'ant 
 
 ar'ro gant rec re ant de pend ent 
 
 as sail' ant con sist'ent *descendant 
 
 assistant con'so nant despondent 
 
 at tend ant con va les'cent dis cord ant 
 
 bel lig er ent conVer sant el'e gant 
 
 clMr voy ant cor re spond 'ent e?: or'bi tant 
 
 TJse» — An accurate accountant ; purse-proud and arrogant ; bel- 
 ligerent armies ; a fortune-telling clairvoyant ; vanquished com- 
 batant ; competent judges ; a dastardly recreant ; consistent line 
 of conduct ; a convalescent patient ; conversant with history ; de- 
 spondent prisoner ; harsh, discordant cries ; exorbitant prices. 
 
 liEggGN ^1^- 
 ant^ ent* 
 
 ex pe'di ent in depend 'ent re cip'i ent 
 
 im per ti nen t In ?: u 'ri ant re luc tant 
 
 im por tant ma lig nant stag'nant 
 
 in ces sant pet'u lant pro fi 'cient 
 
 in clem ent pleas ant tri umpli ant 
 
 in solv ent poign ant va'grant 
 
 in ter mit'tent prev a lent vig i lant 
 
 ir rel'e vant su per in tend 'ent war rant 
 
 TJse. — An expedient course ; impertinent question ; incessant hum 
 of insects ; inclement weather ; insolvent debtor ; intermittent ebb 
 and flow ; irrelevant remarks ; luxuriant tropical forests ; malignant 
 fevers ; a, hasty, petulant reply ; poignant grief ; prevalent opinion ; 
 recipient of many favors ; reluctant to obey ; proficient in music. 
 
 * descendant {noun), descendent (ndj). 
 
138 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 Pronunciation. — (See Key, pp 
 
 r^f er a ble 
 rSp'a ra ble 
 re search' 
 re source' 
 rSv'o ca ble 
 ro m&nce' 
 sac'ra ment 
 sacrifice 
 
 (sSc'rl fiz) 
 
 salmon 
 
 (sam'un) 
 
 sar sa pa ril'la 
 
 sa ti'e ty 
 
 sSck'el 
 
 81 mul ta'ne ous 
 
 si'ne cure 
 
 sine di'e 
 
 sleek 
 
 squa,'16r 
 
 stalwart 
 
 (or'stftl) 
 
 stra'ta 
 
 and 
 sub pce'na 
 
 {not sup) 
 
 sub sid'ence 
 
 suffice 
 
 (suf nz') 
 
 te ISg'ra phy 
 
 tSnet 
 
 ^ere'fore 
 
 tferi^er 
 
 ticklish 
 
 tiny 
 
 ti rude' 
 
 71.) 
 
 tortoise 
 
 (t6r't!8) 
 
 toward 
 
 (to'ard) 
 
 trib'une 
 tri chi'nae 
 va€'9ine 
 ya ga'ry 
 va'ri o loid 
 ye'he ment 
 zo Sl'o gy 
 
 {not zoo) 
 
 IiEggeja 214. 
 
 Troublesome Terminations— ciote«, tious. 
 
 te na'cious 
 vex a tious 
 osten ta'tious 
 
 'av a ri 'cious pro pi 'tious 
 ca pri 'cious su per sti 'tious 
 ex pe di 'tious sus pi 'cious 
 
 fie ti 'tious 
 ju di cious 
 ma li cious 
 liu tri tious 
 per ni cious 
 
 VI cious 
 cap tious 
 con scious 
 fa ce 'tious 
 in fee tious 
 
 con ten 'tious 
 pre CO cious 
 sen ten tious 
 sa ga cious 
 con sci en'tious 
 
 XJse. — Capricious fancies ; expeditious messenger ; pernicious 
 practices ; the fates being propitious ; superstitious fears ; a captious 
 {fault-finding) disposition ; a facetious i*cinark ; infectious diseases ; 
 ostentatious display of wealth ; an angry, contentious mood ; pre- 
 cocious child ; a vigorous, sententious style. 
 
 *ln the first twelve words the souiid of cl and ti (= eh) Is thrown back with the 
 preceding short vowel. 
 
A Complete Speller. 139 
 
 Troublesome Words— e or i. 
 
 cel'e brate im'ple ment rar'e fy tel'e scope 
 
 dep re cate liq ue fy rar i ty ten e ment 
 
 des e crate mal le a ble rec re ate ter ri f y 
 
 ex e crate pe tro'le um se ren'i ty trag e dy 
 
 ex pi ate prom e nade' skel'e ton veg e tate 
 
 im ped'i ment priv'i lege stu pe fy ver i fy 
 
 sup 'pie ment prod i gy stu pid'i ty gay e ty 
 
 TJse, — To deprecate such cruelty ; desecrate an altar ; execrate a 
 traitor ; expiate a crime ; marched on without impediment ; imple- 
 ments of war ; liquefy ice ; malleable metals ; prodigy of learning ; 
 rarefy air ; serenity amid troubles ; stupefy with drugs ; a valuable 
 supplement to the book ; a shocking tragedy ; verify the report. 
 
 IiEggajvi ^)6. 
 
 Troublesome Words — a, e, or i. 
 
 a cad'e my dil'a to ry pr5p'a gate sec 're ta ry 
 
 al'ma nac ed i fice rem e dy nu tri ment 
 
 ap a thy ep i taph ren e gade sep a rate 
 
 av a rice mal a dy ret i nue ser e nade' 
 
 cat a ract or na ment rev e nue spec'i men 
 
 lin e al or i fice sac ri lege ves tige 
 
 cit a del pal a ta ble sal a ry lin e age 
 
 JJse* — Calm endurance, but not apathy ; a miser's avarice ; lineal 
 descent ; surrender of the citadel ; a dilatory messenger ; marble edi- 
 fices ; fatal maladies ; orifice of the wound ; propagate plants ; a 
 renegade from his faith ; the prince's numerous retinue ; revenue tax ; 
 impious sacrilege ; no vesUge remaining ; of noble lineage. 
 
140 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Troublesome Terminations — ance^ ence. 
 
 ab'sti nence 
 e:^ ist'ence 
 an noy ance 
 cog'ni zance 
 in no cence 
 venge ance 
 com pli'ance 
 con vey ance 
 
 ig no ranee 
 dif f i dence 
 dil i gence 
 griev ance 
 fra grance 
 es sence 
 pit tance 
 al li'ance 
 
 de fi'ance 
 el'e gance 
 in de pend'ence 
 ac quaint 'ance 
 de liv er ance 
 ap pear ance 
 con cord ance 
 coun'te nance 
 
 Use, — Abstinence from alcoholic liquors ; within the cognizance of 
 the law ; execute fierce vengeance ; in compliance with a request ; 
 means of conveyance ; redress a public grievance ; receiving a mere 
 pittance ; alliance between France and England ; a spirit of defiance ; 
 Bible concordance. 
 
 ance, enee. 
 
 com'pe tence 
 in di gence 
 neg li gence 
 sus te nance 
 o be'di ence 
 oc cur rence 
 prev'a lence 
 re mit 'tance 
 
 con niv ance 
 rev'er ence 
 ve he mence 
 re sist'ance 
 nui'sance 
 res i dence 
 ut ter ance 
 va ri ance 
 
 vig'i lance 
 vi o lence 
 main te nance 
 rem i nis'cence 
 for bear' ance 
 in tel li gence 
 tem'per ance 
 re pent 'ance 
 
 Use. — Reduced from competence to indigence ; sustenance of the 
 body ; the prevalence of vice ; remittance by draft ; connivance at 
 what is wrong ; reverence for God ; the vehemence of passion ; a 
 summer residence ; fit variance with his ncit^hbor ; vigilance of a 
 watch-dog ; maintenance of a principle ; reminiscences of childhood. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 141 
 
 Troublesome Words — c, s, or sc» 
 
 ac qui esce 
 as cer tain 
 CO in'ci dence 
 con de scend' 
 cres'cont 
 di ver'si ty 
 ef fer vesce' 
 ex cres'cence 
 
 lat'tice 
 ne ces'si ty 
 os'cil late 
 pan ci ty 
 poul tice 
 prej u dice 
 pro bos'cis 
 pro pen si ty 
 
 re scind' 
 ret'i cence 
 seen er y 
 scin til late 
 sol ace 
 te nac'i ty 
 tran scend 
 vac'il late 
 
 TJse, — To acquiesce in an opinion ; an exact coincidence ; to con- 
 descend to folly ; the crescent moon ; to effervesce with merriment ; 
 an excrescence on the body ; oscillate like the pendulum ; paucity 
 of ideas ; a propensity to evil ; to rescind a resolution ; unsocial ret- 
 icence ; scintillating stars ; tenacity of purpose ; transcend all 
 limits ; vacillate between two opinions. 
 
 IiESjsejM ^^0. 
 
 Pronunciation. — (See Key, pp. 36 and 71.) 
 
 Ar'ab 
 Ar'u bic 
 Ar €hi me'deg 
 Asia 
 
 (a'shl a) 
 
 Beaconsfield 
 
 (bok'unz feld) 
 
 Disraeli 
 
 (diz ra'el e) 
 
 BGr'lin 
 Bismarck 
 
 inol biz') 
 
 Cai'ro (r..^.) 
 
 Cai'ro {Egypt) 
 
 Car tha gin'i an rl'on 
 
 Dan'ish Pal'es tine 
 
 A V , . Persia 
 
 y^^^^^ (per'shla) 
 
 To wa Yo s^m'i te 
 
 Italian Zeus 
 
 (1 tal'yan— 7W< I) (zus) 
 
 Caution.— "Wlien the follo'tvlug Ualiclzed words are used as ad- 
 jectives, the termination ed forms a separate syllable. 
 
 Ble8i<ed hope ; helov'ed son ; cursed day ; dog'ged resist- 
 ance ; learn' ed men ; wing'ed insects. 
 
142 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 IiEggef[ ^^j. 
 
 Verbal Distinctions. 
 
 Direction. — Mark the difference in 8i)elling, pronunciation, and use. 
 
 . ac cede', to agree to. 
 ex ceed, to go beyond. 
 
 2 ac cept', to take- 
 ex cept, to leave out. 
 
 ad lier'ence, attachment. 
 
 3 adherents, followers, par- 
 
 tisans. 
 
 . advige', counsel. 
 ad vi§e, to give counsel. 
 
 affect', to act upon. 
 
 5 effect, to produce ; conse- 
 
 quence. 
 
 ally', one in league vrith 
 
 6 another ; to connect. 
 al'ley, a narrow way. 
 
 al lu'sion, indirect refer- 
 ence. 
 11 lu sion, an unreal image. 
 
 as say', to test metals, 
 es say, to attempt, 
 es'say, an attempt ; a com- 
 position. 
 
 assist'ance, help, 
 as sist ants, helpers. 
 
 at tend'ance, service. 
 10 at tend ants, persons 
 attend. 
 
 y. cel'ery, a plant, 
 salary, wages. 
 
 who 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 "We can give (4), but we cannot give conduct. — Franidin. 
 Fame, glory, wealth, honor, have in the prospect pleasing 
 (7)s. — Steele. Find out the cause of this (5). — Shakc'^peare. I thus 
 
 (8) to sing. — Byrrni. There is my pledge, (2) it. — Shakespeare. 
 
 His deeds (1) all speech. — Shakespeare. The firm (3) of the Jews 
 to their religion. — Addison. I shall no more (4) thee. — MUUm. 
 The (2)ed tree. — MUtwi. Yonder (6)s green. — MUtm. Dark 
 weather (5)s the spirits. An (7) to the past. Gold is 
 often (8)ed with nitric acid and salt. The ladies in (10) 
 upon the queen. The principal and two of his (9). Sub- 
 jects and (3) of the king. To (1) to a request. — Worc&^ter. A 
 faithful (6). (11) grows in trenches. The President's (11) 
 is $50,000 a year. Without the (0) of a mortal hand.— 
 
 Sfiakespeare. A train of (10). — JIallam. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 143 
 
 Verbal Distinctions. 
 
 Direction. — Mark the difference in spelling, pronmiciation, and use. 
 
 com pla'cent, displaying sat- 
 isfaction. 
 
 com'plai §ant', desirous 
 please, courteous. 
 
 to 
 
 con'fi dent, sure ; trustful. 
 con'fi dant', (mas. ) ) 
 con'fi dante', (fern.) j ^ 
 fidential friend. 
 
 con- 
 
 cor re spond'ence, letter writ- 
 o ing ; agreement. 
 
 cor re spond ents, those who 
 write letters. 
 
 £ critic, a judge of literature. 
 critique', a criticism. 
 
 - defer ence, respect. 
 difference, disagreement. 
 
 decease', death. 
 ^ di§ea§e', illness. 
 
 -, de scent', a going down. 
 dissent, to disagree. 
 
 de §ert', to run away from. 
 de§ert, what is deserved. 
 8 d^'ert, a barren region. 
 de§ §ert', fruit, pastry, etc.^ 
 after dinner. 
 
 Q de vi§e', to invent. 
 device, a design. 
 
 -J ^ e lic'it, to draw out. 
 illicit, unlawful. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 The remedy is worse than the (6). — Bax:mi. Like roses that 
 in (8)s bloom and die. — Bype. And be each (4) the good- 
 natured man. — Goidrniith- Enjoy the kingdom after my (6). 
 — Shakespeare. He disappointeth the (9)s of the crafty. — Bible. 
 To become my (2). — Dry den. His reputation falls far below 
 his (8). — HamUtm.. To (9) curious works. — BihU. To (8) 
 one's post. A blind (5) to authority. — Middieton. An (10) 
 trade. — Webster. To (7) from a proposition. (5)s and resem- 
 blances. The published (3) of Carlyle and Emerson. (1) 
 pride in self. An ably written (4). A (8) of berries and 
 cream. Several enterprising newspaper (3). To (10) truth 
 by discussion. — Webster. A (1) courtier. The (7) from the 
 cross. The fool rageth and is (2). — MUe. 
 
144 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 Verbal Distinctions. 
 
 Direction. — Mark the difEerence in spelling^ pronunciation, and 
 
 ^ for'mer ly, in time past.' 
 form, al ly, in due form. 
 
 2 e merge', to rise out of. 
 im merge, to plunge into. 
 
 q e rup'tion, a breaking out. 
 ir rup tion, a breaking into. 
 
 . ex'tant, now existing. 
 extent', space, size, 
 
 f. fa cil'i ty, ease in doing. 
 fe lie 1 ty, happiness. 
 
 r, fish'er, one who fishes, 
 fis sure, a cleft or crack. 
 
 emigrate, to leave one's 
 7 country. 
 im mi grate, to remove into 
 a country. 
 
 g gallant, brave, noble, 
 gal l^nt', polite to ladies. 
 
 gen'ius, a clever person. 
 9 ge ni us, a spirit. 
 genus, race, kind. 
 
 go ril la, a savage animal. 
 10 guer ril la, an irregular 
 soldier. 
 
 . . in cite', to stir up. 
 insight, deep view. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right ptace. 
 
 Our own (5) we make or find. — Oddamith. Life in its large 
 (4) is scarce a span. — Cotum. Shakespeare was a rare (9). 
 — Webster. Forced to (7) in a body to America. — Macauiay. 
 The unseen (9) of the wood. — Milton. Three (6)s went sail- 
 ing out into the west. — Khigsiey. Those who have (2)d from 
 very low. classes of society. — Burke. Diseased nature often- 
 times breaks forth in strange (3)s. — Shakespeare. A (8) officer. 
 — Wtbater. Thesc perpendicular (6)8 in the earth. — Goldsmith. 
 Only twenty of the many plays of Plautus are (4). The (3) 
 of the Goths into Italy. (2)ed in a sea of troubles. Shall 
 the Chinese (7) to our shores ? The (10) is found in Africa. 
 Small-pox was (1) much more fatal. Practice gives (5). An 
 (11) into human nature. Brave in war and (8) in love. 
 (10) warfare. A (9) is composed of species. They were (1) 
 introduced. Pontiac (ll)d the Indians to revolt. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 145 
 
 Verbal Distinctions. 
 
 Direction. — Mark tlie difference in spelling, pronunciation, and use. 
 
 ingenious, haying ingenu- 
 ity. 
 
 ingenuous, free from de- 
 ception. 
 
 intents', desipis. 
 intense, strained. 
 
 lean, thin ; to incline, 
 li'en, a legal claim. 
 
 lightening, making light- 
 er ; flashing. 
 
 lightning, a flash of elec- 
 tric light. 
 
 or'di nance, a law. 
 Old nance, great guns. 
 
 med'al, a stamped piece of 
 
 6 metal for reward. 
 med die, to interfere. 
 
 lin'e a ment, outline, f ea- 
 
 7 ture. 
 
 lin i ment, liquid ointment. 
 
 pa'tients, sick persons. 
 
 8 patience, calmness under 
 
 trials. 
 
 Q pillar, a column, 
 pil low, a cushion. 
 
 -J ^ plaintiff, the complainant, 
 plaintive, mournful. 
 
 Direction. — Put the, right word in the right place. 
 
 (8) is sorrow's salve. — ChurcMi. An (1) detestation of 
 falsehood. — Locke. Man he seems in all his (7). — MUton. 
 Thou'lt die by God's just (b) .—Shakespeare. A pitiful and 
 (10) look.— ]>ickem. Be thy (2) wicked or charitable. — Shake- 
 speare. As (3) was his horse as a rake. — simkespeare. All the 
 battlements their (5) ^re.— Shakespeare. As (4) does the will 
 of Heaven.— J^rpor?/. The (9)s of church and state.— Webster. 
 A (6) bestowed for brave deeds. An (2) hatred of evil. A 
 (3) upon an estate. There is no (7) for a broken heart. (6) 
 not with the affairs of others. Incurable (8). The (10) in 
 a lawsuit. An (1) piece of mechanism. — Worcester. (4) the 
 burdens of mankind is a divine mission. Sloth finds the 
 
 down (9) hard. — Shakespeare. 
 10 
 
146 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Verbal Distinctions. 
 
 Direction. — Mark the difference in spelling, pronunciation, and use. 
 
 poplar, a tree. 
 
 1 popular, liked by the peo- 
 
 ple. 
 
 2 pop'ulace, the people, 
 pop u lous, full of people. 
 
 o pre cede', to go before. 
 pro ceed, to go forward. 
 
 pre ced'ent, going before. 
 ^ prgc'edent, what has gone 
 before as an authorita- 
 tive example. 
 
 pre cgd'ence, a going before. 
 5 prgc'e dents, plural of pr^c'e- 
 dent. 
 
 n presence, being present, 
 presents, gifts. 
 
 ^ proph'e sy, to predict, 
 proph e cy, a prediction. 
 
 g profit, gain. 
 proph et, one who foretells. 
 
 Q rad'ish, a root, 
 red dish, somewhat red. 
 
 relic, what remains, 
 rel ict, a widow. 
 
 satire, keen and severe 
 
 composition, 
 sa tjrr, a sylvan deity. 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Direction Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 Certain signs (3) certain events. — Ckcw. The best (8) of 
 the future is the past. — Byrwi. Fair Greece I sad (10) of de- 
 parted worth. — Byron. Now swarms the (2), a countless 
 throng. — ihpe. Tall (1) trees their shadows throw. — Lomjfciimo. 
 He doth not (7) good concerning me. — Bihk. 'Twill be re- 
 corded for a (4). — Shakexpeare. Dedisions that became (5) in 
 law. The lightning is (4) to the thunder. The (5) among 
 poets is granted to Shakespeare. An unfulfilled (7). Let 
 the army (3). A (3) country. Christmas (6). (11) should 
 have a kindly purpose. The (9) came from Asia. The 
 (10) of a clergyman. Clouds of (9) tinge. If you mean 
 to (8), learn to please. — Churchm. Whatever is (1) deserves 
 attention. —Mackintosh. Her absence made the night, her (6) 
 brought the day. — Prior. Rough (11)8 danced. — MUton. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 147 
 
 Verbal Distinctions. 
 
 Direction.— Mark the difference in sj 
 
 6 
 
 sculp 'tor, a carver in stone, 
 ^ etc. 
 
 sculpt ure, work of a sculp- 
 tor. 
 
 rt sub'tile, fine, delicate, 
 subt le (sut'i), sly, cunning. 
 
 sta'tionary, fixed, perma- 
 3 nent. 
 
 sta'tioner y, paper, pens, etc. 
 
 stat'ue, a carved or solid 
 ^ image. 
 
 Stat ute, a positive law. 
 Stat ure, height of a person. 
 
 sur'plice, a white robe worn 
 5 by clergymen. 
 
 sur plus, more than enough. 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 spelling, pronunciaHon, and U8e. 
 
 tow'er, a high building, 
 tour, a journey. 
 
 trea'ties, agreements, 
 trea tise, a formal essay. 
 
 ve rac'i ty, truthfulness. 
 vo rac'i ty, greediness of 
 appetite. 
 
 virt'tie, moral excellence ; 
 
 active power, 
 virtu', objects of art or 
 
 antiquity. 
 
 which, a pronoun. 
 witch, sorceress. 
 
 with:, a preposition, 
 withe, a band of twisted 
 
 twigs. 
 
 Direction. — Put the right word in the right place. 
 
 The name of the Lord is a strong (6). — BibU. More (2) 
 web Arachne cannot spin. — Spenser. (9) is her own reward. 
 — Drydm. Foreign men of mighty (4) came. — ih-yden. There 
 was a (4) against vagabonds. — Bacon. A fortune-telling (10) 
 (11) evil eye. A passion for collecting articles of (9). A 
 man of unquestioned (8). Broken (7) lead to war. The 
 earth appears (3). Athens' great (1), Phidias. A (4) of a 
 goddess. The (5) is made of linen. A wedding (6). A (7) 
 on logic. A fine stock of (3). A piece of marble (1). A 
 (5) in the treasury. A bundle of willow (ll)s. That (8) 
 (10) leads fish to devour their young. The serpent, (2)st 
 beast of all the field. — ^futo)l. 
 
HS Word Lessons, 
 
 Review. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right word. 
 
 1. In (sculptor, sculpture) (exercised, exorcised) his happy 
 
 skill. — Bnjdm. 
 
 2. Vines clustered around the lofty (pillows, pillars). — 
 
 Hans Christian AiidevHen. 
 
 3. The three weird (profits, prophets) on the heath. — iniug. 
 
 4. (Great, grate) character is as rare a thing as (great, 
 
 grate) (genus, genius). — ixmeil. 
 
 5. A wise ruler (exceeds, accedes) to the demands of the 
 
 (populous, populace). 
 
 6. The Zuyder Zee was formed by an (irruption, eruption) 
 
 of the ocean. 
 
 7. The cause invariably (precedes, proceeds) the (affect, 
 
 effect). 
 
 8. (Virtue, virtu) demands strict (adherents, adherence) to 
 
 duty. 
 
 9. A wise man (excepts, accepts) good (advise, advice). 
 
 10. The writings of (genius, genus) (elicit, illicit) numer- 
 
 ous (critics, critiques). 
 
 11. Eank should not take (precedents, precedence) of worth. 
 
 12. We know in part, and we (prophecy, prophesy) in part. 
 
 — Bible. 
 
 13. (Satire, satyr) is a weapon (witch, which) should be used 
 
 with care. 
 
 14. (Formally, formerly) the wearing of the (surplus, sur- 
 
 plice) was ordered by (stature, statue, statute). 
 
 16. Solomon (accepted, excepted) rich (presence, presents) 
 from the Queen of Sheba. 
 
 16. The (medal, meddle) bore an (ingenuous, ingenious) (de- 
 vice, devise). 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 149 
 
 mas'cu line 
 ob ject'ive 
 de fin i tive 
 tran'si tive 
 par ti ci pie 
 in fin'i tive 
 de scrip tive 
 CO or di nate 
 
 Grammar. 
 
 de clen'sion 
 cop'u la tive 
 al ter'na tive 
 pos sess ive 
 mod i fi ca'tion 
 nom'i na tive 
 ex clam'a to ry 
 ad ver sa tive 
 
 de clar'a tive 
 sub or di nate 
 com par i son 
 com par a tive 
 su per la tive 
 con ju ga'tion 
 sub jane 'tive 
 et y mol'o ^ 
 
 IlESSejSL %%% 
 
 Grammar. 
 
 sin'gu lar au? il'ia ry pos'i tive 
 
 neu ter po ten tial syn op 'sis 
 
 pas sive par'a digm neg'a tive 
 
 plu ral syn the sis a nal'y sis ap po si'tion 
 
 fern i nine met a phor ar'ti cle re dun'dant 
 
 el lip 'sis pie o nasm sim i le 
 
 ItEjsgeN ^^e. 
 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 rad'i cal in sur'ance ex tremes' 
 
 spe cif 'ic ar bi tra'tion re sourc es 
 
 tar'iff an te ced ent li a bil 'i ties 
 
 t4re con'se quent al li ga tion pro gres'sion 
 
 pol'i cy re cip'ro cal me'di al ad va lo'rem 
 
 ra ti o ex po nent al ter'nate as sess'ment 
 
 in die 'a tive 
 im per a tive 
 me ton y my 
 
 par*a graph 
 
 as 'sets 
 
 in vo lu'tion 
 
 ev o lu tion 
 
I50 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 par'al lei 
 ver tic al 
 f rus turn 
 sea lene' 
 a cute 
 ob tuse 
 trap'e zoid 
 tra pe'zi um 
 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 plane figures 
 pe rim'e ter 
 i s5s ce le§ 
 hor i zon'tal 
 di ag o nal 
 rhom'boid 
 polygon 
 al ti tude 
 
 rhom'bus 
 pyr a mid 
 ge o met'ric al 
 men su ra tion 
 per pen die u lar 
 par al lei o gram 
 hy poth'e nuse 
 e qui lat'er al 
 
 Pronunciation.— (See Key, pp. 36 and 71.) 
 (yfords from the French.) 
 
 d propos 
 
 debut 
 
 messieurs 
 
 rendezvous 
 
 (a pro pO') 
 
 attache 
 
 (da bo') 
 ^clat 
 
 /mas'yfir' or\ 
 Vraesh'yerz } 
 
 /r(Sng'da'v<1b' or \ 
 Vrgn'de voo / 
 
 (a ta 8ha') 
 
 (a kiji') 
 
 mirage 
 
 resume 
 
 bouquet 
 
 (bob ka') 
 
 cortege 
 
 (kOr'tazh) 
 
 elite 
 
 (a let') 
 
 (mu riizli') 
 
 mo rale' 
 naive 
 
 (ra'zfl'nia') 
 
 roue 
 
 ennui 
 
 (na'Gv) 
 
 (rdb'ft') 
 
 CO te rie' 
 
 (an wG') 
 
 naivete 
 
 sobriquet 
 
 coupe 
 
 (koo pa') 
 
 mademoiselle 
 
 (na'Gv ta') 
 
 (80'brO ka') 
 
 (mid mwa zgl') 
 
 neg li gee' (zha') 
 
 Roi r^p 
 
 cuisine 
 
 (kvvC zCn') 
 
 mesdames 
 
 (ma dam') 
 
 qui vive 
 
 (kG vSv) 
 
 (8wa ra') 
 
 debris 
 
 monsieur 
 
 regime 
 
 trousseau 
 
 (da brg') 
 
 (mQB'yur') 
 
 (ra'zhGin') 
 
 (trSo'BO') 
 
 Caution. —In pronouncing the following nnd similar words, 
 avoid lay In;;: too ni licit streHM on i\\v syllable next to the last. 
 Touch the unaccented syllables diwlinctly but lightly. 
 
 in'ter est iug, ])cr'cmp to ry, pri'ma ry, dic'tion a ry, 
 ter'ri to ry, '*cer'e mo ny, a potli'e ca ry, mat'ri mo ny. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 151 
 
 Miscellaneous Test Words. 
 
 Direction. — Illustrate the use of each word. The words arc arranged 
 alphabetically to aid in consulting the dictionary. 
 
 ac'me 
 se oli an 
 a'er o naut 
 ses tliet'ic 
 a lac ri ty 
 al'ka li 
 al le go ry 
 a marga mate 
 an 8es tliet'ic 
 a nal'o gy 
 a nat o my 
 an'gli cize 
 an ni ver'sa ry 
 a nom'a ly 
 a non y mous 
 ap pa ra'tus 
 ap pren'tice 
 as sim i late 
 as sur ance 
 a troc i ty 
 au'spi ces 
 *bar y tone 
 ^Brit ain 
 ■^Brit on 
 cen ten'ni al 
 
 ^34. 
 CO a lesce' 
 con fec'tion er y 
 con fed er a cy 
 con 'sum mate 
 con tin'u ance 
 cor rob o rate 
 CO te rie' 
 cyn'o sure 
 
 em'a nate 
 en am 'or 
 eu'lo gize 
 eu pho ny 
 e van gel'ic 
 ex'ca vate 
 gen e sis 
 ex o dus 
 
 d a guerre 'o type ex plic 'it 
 de lln e ate fac-sim'i le 
 
 de o dor ize 
 de plete 
 de roff a to rv 
 des'ic cate 
 det ri ment 
 deu ter on'o my 
 di'o cese 
 di plo'ma cy 
 dis par i ty 
 dis syl la ble 
 ddl'or ous 
 ef f em'i na cy 
 ef fi cien cy 
 e'go tism 
 el lipse' 
 
 fir'ma ment 
 fise al 
 fla grant 
 fu ne're al 
 hel'le bore 
 hem or rliage 
 hi lar'i ty 
 hon'or a ry 
 im plic 'it 
 in cen tive 
 in ci sive 
 in de cen cy 
 in dig e nous 
 in oc u late 
 vac'ci nate 
 
 *(??• bar'i tone. 
 
 t Briton, a native of lirUain. 
 
152 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 Miscellaneous Test Words. 
 
 Direction.— Illustrate the use of each word. The words are arranged 
 alphabetically to aid in consulting the dictiohary. 
 
 in flex'i ble 
 
 in sen si ble *op ti mist 
 
 om'i nous 
 
 in ter sperse' 
 in'ter stice 
 in tol'er ant 
 in vin ci ble 
 in vis i ble 
 i tal i cize 
 lab'o ra to ly 
 lab y rinth 
 mar i time 
 ^men ag'e rie 
 mer'ce na ry 
 mis ere ant 
 mis de mean 'or 
 mne mon'ics 
 mol'li fy 
 men e ta ry 
 mon o syl la ble 
 mo not'o ny 
 nec'es sa ly 
 ni hil ism 
 nul li fy 
 ob serv'ance 
 
 *pe8 si mist 
 OS tra cize 
 ^ag eant ry 
 pan a ce'a 
 par'ox ysm 
 pen ta tench 
 per ens 'si on 
 phos'pbor us 
 ^piqu an cy 
 pla gi a rize 
 *ple ia des 
 pneu mafic 
 po lyg a my 
 prep a ra'tion 
 pre ten'tious 
 pri or i ty 
 prom 'on to ry 
 pro pri'e tor 
 ra pac i ty 
 re cur rence 
 red'o lent 
 rel e gate 
 
 ^5g. 
 
 rep a ra'tion 
 rep ar tee 
 re pug'pant 
 req'ui site 
 res o nant 
 re sus'ci tate 
 rev e la'tion 
 rhet'o ric 
 rum mage 
 sa gac'i ty 
 ^san'a tory 
 ^san i ta ry 
 san i ty 
 sat el lite 
 scur ril ous 
 sol e cism 
 ste re o type 
 sup pli ant 
 sup pu rate 
 te mer'i ty 
 trench 'ant 
 tri syl 'la ble 
 va'ri e gate 
 zeal ous 
 
 Prounnciation.— > men flzh'e ry. « prtj ant ry. » pTk'-. < plC'ya de>!. 
 * 'V\\f^ oplimUt )io1<1h that all events tire ordered for the l»eHt-the f>fsKimiitf takes the 
 opposite view, t Sanatory, tending to promolo health; mnitai-y, pertaining to health. 
 
PART IV. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Definition. — Synonyms are words of like significance in the main, 
 but with a certain unlikeness as well. — Trench. 
 
 ^ Mng, motion toward the speaker. 
 
 7 fetch, motion, first from, then toward, the speaker (go 
 
 I and bring). 
 
 haste denotes quickness of action and a strong desire for 
 
 getting on. 
 
 hur'ry is a confused or rash haste. 
 2 
 
 speed denotes the actual progress made. 
 
 dis patch' denotes the promptitude and rapidity with which 
 things are done. 
 
 i'dle, unemployed ; averse to doing anything useful. 
 3 in'do lent denotes a love of ease, or an aversion to effort. 
 
 la'zy, averse to bodily effort — more contemptuous than in- 
 dolent. 
 
 in'dus try implies habitual devotion to labor. 
 
 dil'i geiice denotes earnest application to some specific ob- 
 ject or pursuit, {industrious, adj. ; diligent, adj. ) 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right word, and give your reason. 
 
 1 And as she was going to it, he called to her and said, me, 
 
 I pray thee, a morsel of bread. — Bible. 
 
 2 A man may properly be in , but never in a . usually 
 
 secures . 
 
 3 Why stand ye here all the day "i— Bible. An mind is not 
 
 capable of true enjoyment. Shall we stretch our bodies on our 
 
 beds while the world is hard at work ? 
 
 4 A man is who is actually employed, and if disposed 
 
 always to be employed. 
 
154 Word Lessom 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 The con niv'ance (winking) of public men at what is wrong 
 is often the result of the basest col lu'sion (playing into each 
 other's hands). 
 
 A few persons form a ca bal or junto and intrigtie secretly 
 for power ; a fac'tion works more openly. 
 
 Con ceal' facts or crimes ; dis guise' sentiments ; dis sem'ble 
 feelings ; secrete' goods. 
 
 Con sign' goods to an agent ; in trust' money or goods to a 
 servant. 
 
 A con tempt'u ous opinion expresses contempt ; a con tempt'- 
 i ble opinion ^eserv^s contempt. Egotism is contemptible; 
 treachery is des'pi cable (stronger term). Pit'iful excuse, pre- 
 tense, or weakness ; pal'try trifle, evasion, or subterfuge. 
 
 He is con tent' who holds enough ; he is sat'is fled who gets 
 enough. 
 
 IiE^gajsi ^41. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 Clum'sy (lumpish, heavy) person, shape, or expression ; 
 awk'ward (ungraceful) movements or manners ; un couth' 
 (untrained) manners or language. 
 
 Droll fellow ; comic al adventure ; laugh'a bio incident ; 
 lu'di crous scene or situation ; fa ce'tlous person or reply. 
 
 An er'ror may be corrected ; a mis take' may be rectified or 
 overlooked ; a blun'der is blamable or laughable. 
 
 I thought the attempt foolish at first, now I think it 
 ab surd' and even pre pos'ter ous. 
 
 Youth'fiil employments or aspirations ; ju've nlle perform- 
 ances or tricks ; pu'er Ue (usually in a bad sense) objections. 
 
A Complete Speller, 155 
 
 English Prefixes. 
 
 a — at, in, on. 
 
 out - beyond. 
 
 be = to make, by. 
 
 over = above. 
 
 en (em) = in, on, to make. 
 
 to = the, this. 
 
 for = not, from. 
 
 un = not, opposite act. 
 
 fore = before. 
 
 under = beneath. 
 
 mis = wrong, wrongly. 
 
 with = against, from. 
 
 Direction. — Define and use the following derivatives. 
 Model.— A-srounii, on the (/round, ' i.e., stranded or stopped. The vessel 
 rail aground. 
 
 A-head, a-blaze, a-shorc, be-numb, be-side, be-eause, en-circle, em- 
 bark, em-power, for-bid, for-bear, fore-sight, fore-shadow, mis-rule, 
 mis-apply, out-break, out-weigh, over-rule, over-shadow, to-night, un- 
 able, un-skilled, un-deceive, under-mine, under-rate, with-stand, with- 
 hold 
 
 II 
 
 Latin Prefixes, 
 ab (abs) = from. de = down, from. 
 
 *ad (a, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, dis (di, dif) = apart, not, opposite 
 
 as, at) = to. act. 
 
 ante = before. ex (e, ec, ef) = out of, from. 
 
 bi (bis) = two, twice. extra = beyond. 
 
 circum (circu) = around. in (il, im, ir) = in, on (in verbs 
 
 con (co, col, com, cor) = with, and nouns); not (in adj. and 
 
 together. nouns). 
 
 contra (counter) = against. inter = between. 
 
 Direction. — Define and use the following derivatives. 
 
 Model. — ^c-centrlc, out of the center ; hence, irregular, odd. JScrentrie 
 conduct. 
 
 Ab-normal (L. norma, rule), abs-tain (L. tenere, to hold), ad-minis- 
 ter, a-scend, ac-custom, af-flx, an-nex, ap-portion, at-tain, ante-date, 
 bi-ped (L. pes, foot), circum-navigate, con-dole (L. dolere, to grieve), 
 co-equal, com-press, cor-respond, contra-distinction, counter-balance, 
 de-merit, dis-inter, dis-seminate (L. seminare, to sow), dif-fldent, ex- 
 port (L. poriare, to carry), e-ject, ec-centric, extra-vagant, im-porl, 
 il-legitimate, ir-reverent, inter-mission. 
 
 * For tlie sake of euplioiiy the last letter of the prefix is often changed to the first 
 letter of the root, or is dropped. 
 
156 Word Lessons, 
 
 Latin Prefixes — Continued. 
 
 non = not. retro = backward. 
 
 ob (oc, of, op) = in front, in the se = aside, 
 
 way, against. semi = half. 
 
 *per = through, thoroughly. sub (sue, suf , sug, sup, sus) = under. 
 
 post — after. super ( French, sur) = above, over. 
 
 pre = before. trans (tra) = over, beyond. 
 
 pro — for, forth. ultra = beyond. 
 
 re = back or again. vice = instead of. 
 
 Direction. — Define and use the following derivatives. 
 Model.— rer-y&iU'^ to go through, to affect entirely. This w^\r\t pervades 
 all his ^Tords and actious. 
 
 Non-essential, ob-ject (L. jacere, to throw), pro-ject, re-ject, sub- 
 ject, op-press, per-manent, per-vade, post-meridian, pre-fix, pre-ma- 
 ture, pro-noun, re-lapse, retro-spect, se-lect, semi-circle, sub-jugate (L. 
 jugum, a yoke), suc-cumb (L. cumbere, to lie down), sup-press, super- 
 natural, sur-pass, trans-port, tra-verse, ultra-marine, vice-roy, (Fr. roi^ 
 king). 
 
 IiEJS]S0]\I ^4^. 
 Greek Prefixes. 
 
 a (an) = without, not. en (em) = in, on. 
 
 amphi = both, around. epi (ep) = upon. 
 
 ana = up, back, through. hyper = over. 
 
 anti (ant) = against, opposite. hypo = under. 
 
 apo (ap) = from. meta (met) = beyond, change. 
 
 cala (cat) — down. syn (sy, syl, sym) = with, together. 
 
 dia = through. 
 
 Direction. — Define and use the following derivatives. 
 Model.— Ana-}ysls a loosening up thoroughly, a separation into parts. 
 Analysis orseiitenc<>H; chemietil analysis. 
 
 A-theist (Gr. theos. God), an-archy, amphi-theater, ana-lysis (Gr. 
 luein, to loosen), anti-pathy (Gr. pathos, feeling), a-pathy, sym-pathy, 
 ant-arctic, apo-stle (Gr. stellein, to send), ap-helion (Gr. helios, the sun), 
 cata-ract, dia-meter (Gr. metron, a measure), em-phasis. epi-demic (Gr. 
 demos, the people), hyper-critical, hypo-crite, meta-physics, syn-the- 
 sis {thesis, a placing), anti-thesis. 
 
 ♦ Per, Btandliig alone, means by ; as, per centum, by the hundred. 
 
1 
 
 A Complete Speller. 157 
 
 IlEJSg6]V[ ^46. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 discoT'er. We discover what existed before. 
 in vent'. We invent what did not exist before. 
 
 Q ca pac'i ty, power of receiving. 
 ability, power to do ; abilities denotes all our powers. 
 
 genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature ; extraor- 
 3 dinary power of originating ; as, gen'nis for poetry. 
 
 talent implies natural strength of intellect ; power to ex- 
 ecute ; as, talent for business or oratory. 
 
 courage, that firmness of spirit that meets danger without 
 
 fear. 
 brav'ery, that courage which shows itself in outward acts. 
 gallantry, adventurous courage. 
 intrepidity, firm courage. 
 
 for'ti tude, passive courage, bearing up nobly under trial. 
 her'o ism calls into existence all the modifications of cour- 
 
 age, and comes from a noble devotion to some great 
 
 cause. 
 
 "DirecMon.— Choose the right word, and give your reason. 
 
 1 Watt the steam-engine. Harvey the circulation of the 
 
 blood. of art ; of science. 
 
 2 Although the youth had only ordinary , by application he be- 
 came a man of marked . 
 
 3 reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power ; depends 
 
 more on high mental training. xjreates ; learns and executes. 
 
 needs opportunities ; makes them for itself. 
 
 4 is useful in the hour of attack ; — is of service at all times. 
 
 The history of the American Revolution furnishes many instances of 
 
 true . Washington and his troops at Valley Forge gave the 
 
 world an example of . The of the general ia resisting the at- 
 tack of a superior force, and the of his dashing officers were prop- 
 erly commended. 
 
158 Word Lessons. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give original illustrations, 
 
 Cheer'ful ness is a habit of the mind. Gay'ety is an occa- 
 sional excitement of animal spirits. Mirth or mer'ri ment is 
 noisy gayety. 
 
 Vexa'tion springs from a sense of loss, disappointment, 
 etc. ; morti flea' (ion, from wounded pride; chagrin', from 
 either, being usually not so lasting. 
 
 Substantial com'fort at home ; con so la'tion when we are 
 in sorrow ; solace ourselves with books, society, etc. 
 
 A man may be silent from circumstances ; he is tac'i turn 
 from disposition. 
 
 Talkative child ; loquacious woman ; garrulous old man. 
 
 A cir cum stan'tial account embraces all the leading events ; 
 a par lie' ular account goes further; a minute' account goes 
 further still. 
 
 liEJS^eN ^4S. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 IXrection. — Learri to discriminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 ''The whole is greater than a part^^^ is an axiom (self- 
 evident truth). ** Honesty is the best policy,'*^ is a max'im 
 (guiding principle). '^ Light gains make heavy purses ^'^^ is 
 a proverb (common, pithy saying). " Wliat hurts us in- 
 structs uSy^^ is a Greek ad'age (very old proverb). 
 
 Cloister, a place of seclusion ; nion'astery, a place of soli- 
 tude, usually for men called monks ; nun'nery, — always for 
 women called nuns ; con'vent, a community of recluses ; 
 ab'bey or pri'ory, — named from the head, an abbot or a prior. 
 
 Joyous or solemn feasts ; a splendid ban'quet ; celebrate 
 with a joyful fes'ti val ; a drunken earous'nl. 
 
 Iti'ased by self-interest : pre pos sessi^r in lior favor ; preju- 
 diced against me. 
 
A Complete Speller, 159 
 
 IiE550N ^49. 
 Suffixes Classified. 
 
 Noun Suffixes. 
 
 One who does {agent),— a-n^ ant, ent, ar, er, or, ard, ary, eer, 
 ier, ist, ive, ster. 
 
 One who iSy one to whom. — ate, ee, ite, ive. 
 Place where, — ary, ery, ory. 
 
 Direction. — Define the following derivatives. Give others. 
 
 Models, 
 lapid-fflr?/, one who ads precious stones. ejungel-ist, one who brings good news. 
 \esAt-ee, one to whom propeiiy is left. deleg-afe, one who is sent by others. 
 
 wm\n-ary, apktce where seed is sown, a dormlt-orj/, a place where people sleep, 
 sclwol. 
 
 ^n^e-dilmi-an (L. diluvium, flood), mendlc-ant, adher-ent, schol-ar, 
 biograph-er, cotnpetit-or, wiz-ard, incendi-ary, auction-eer, cash-ier, 
 monopol-ist, operat-ive, pun-ster, associ-ate, assign-ee, mortgag-ee, 
 favor-ite, capt-ive, api-ary (L. a'pis, a bee), henu-ery, observat-ory. 
 
 Noun Suffixes — Continued. 
 
 State, quality, act.— acy, age, al, ance, ancy, dom, ence, ency, 
 hood, ing, ion, ism, ment, mony, ness, ry, ship, th, tude, ty or ity, 
 ure, y. 
 
 Diminutives, — cle, cule, ie or y, kin, en, let, ling, ock, ule, ette. 
 
 Direction. — Define the following derivatives. Give others. 
 Models. 
 Bch-latn, state of being divided. frlct- ion, the act of rubbing. 
 
 eaphon-}^, quality of sounding well. mani-fciw, a little man. 
 
 Suprem-acy, pilgrim-age, recit-al, forbear-ance, expect-ancy, raar- 
 tyr-dom, abhorr-ence, transpar-ency, likeli-hood, rehears-ing, rebell- 
 ion, barbar-ism, atone-ment (at-one-ment), matri-mony, holi-ness, 
 pleasant-ry, apprentice-ship, dep-th, soli-tude, brev-ity, rapt-ure, 
 bigara-y, parti-cle, aniinai-cule, Torara-y, Will-ie, lamb-kin, kitt-en, 
 rivu-let, found-ling, hill-ock, glob-iile, ros-ette, cigar-ette. 
 
i6o Word Lessons, 
 
 Adjective Suffixes. 
 
 JPei'taining f o.— al, an, ar, ary, ic or ical, id, ile, ine, ory, 
 Full of or having. — ate, ful, ose, ous, some, y. 
 That may or can 6e.— able, ble, ible, ile. 
 ' Having power,— We. Like,— iah, like, ly. 
 Without,— leaa. Being or ing,—ant, ent. Made of. 
 
 Direction. — Define and use the following derivatives. 
 
 Models.— \qu\l-ine, pertaining to an eagle, hooked. AqnIIine nose. 
 Verd-onf, being green. Verdiiiit fields. 
 
 Celesti-al, suburb-an, ocul-ar (L. oculus, the eye), planet-ary. ocean- 
 ic, astronom-ical, torr-id, puer ile, (L. puer, a child, a boy), saechar-ine 
 (L. saccharum, sugar), declamat-ory, intric-ate, grate-ful, joc-ose, tim- 
 or-ous, frolic- some, flower-y, habit-able, naviga-ble, convert-ible, frag- 
 ile, correct-ive. knavish, matronly, fruit-less, err-ant, malevol-ent, 
 (L. male, ill, velle, to wish), braz-en. 
 
 IiEggajvi ^^'2. 
 
 Verb Suffixes. 
 To mahe,—a.te, en, fy, ish, ise or ize. 
 
 Adverb Suffixes. 
 Manner,— lYi wise. Direction,— em^ ward. 
 
 Direction.— Z)e;?we and use the follouing derivatives. 
 
 Jj»-simil-ate, straight-en, ampli-fy, embell-ish, tranquil-ize, critic-ise, 
 oandid-ly, like-wise, south-ern, lee-ward. 
 
 Review. 
 
 Ac-celer-ate (L. celerare, to hasten), a-melior-ate (L. melior, better), 
 e-radic-ate (L. radix, a root), re-act-ion, inter-nation-al, con-sign-ment, 
 op-press-ive-ly, ir-re-press-ible, pre-occupat-ion, de-gener-ate (L. genus, 
 race, kind), com-petit-ive (L. peters, to seek). 
 
 To <he Teacher.— These exeroises nmy very profitably be continued by 
 selecting derivatives for the pupils to analyze. 
 
A Complete Speller, i6i 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 . ab'sli nence, the act of refraining altogether. 
 tem'per ancc, the act of using or enjoying with moderation. 
 {abstain, vb. ; abstinent, adj.; temperate, adj.) 
 
 distinguished, standing apart from others in the public 
 yiew, — as for learning or public services. 
 
 eminent, standing out above the rest, — as for learning, 
 skill, or piety. 
 
 cel'e bra ted, widely spoken of with honor, — as for benevo- 
 lent deeds, or discoveries. 
 
 re nowned, named again and again with honor for some 
 2 signal deed ; as, a renowned warrior or statesman. 
 
 fa'iiious, widely spoken of as extraordinary, — as for talents 
 or eccentricities. 
 
 il lus'tri ous, possessing a splendor which confers the high- 
 est dignity, — as for virtues or noble deeds. 
 
 not'ed, well known by reputation, — as for talents or ab- 
 surdities. 
 
 noto'rions, widely known, usually to disadvantage. 
 
 dis sem'blers conceal what they are. 
 hyp'o crites feign to be what they are not. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right word, and give your reason. 
 
 1 We are in what is good ; we from what is not good. Be 
 
 in youth, or you will have to be in old age. 
 
 2 Sir William Hamilton was a metaphysician. The physician 
 
 soon became in his profession. There are authors whom to 
 
 censure would endanger one's reputation. Napoleon was ; Alex- 
 ander was — — ; Washington was . characters excite many 
 
 remarks from friends and enemies ; characters are generally 
 
 shunned. 
 
 3 Andre, passing within the American lines in a citizen's dress, was 
 a ; Arnold, whom he went to visit, had long been a . 
 
 11 
 
1 62 Word Lessons, 
 
 IiESJS0]\[^i4. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 Fright' inl dream or shriek ; tre men'doas shock or storm ; 
 terrible catastrophe, hurricane, or roar; horrible deeds, 
 sights, or stories ; fearful contest or wave ; the last, dreadful 
 day ; dreadful gloom ; awful solitude ; shocking exhibition 
 of wickedness ; shocking news. 
 
 To murder is to kill with malicious forethought ; to as sas'- 
 siiiate is to murder suddenly and by stealth. 
 
 Massacre refers to the promiscuous slaughter of many 
 human beings ; butcher y, to cold-blooded cruelty in slaugh- 
 tering ; car'nage, to the heaped-up bodies. 
 
 Fero'cious in temper ; fierce in actions; bar'barons in the 
 manner of carrying out one's pui-poses ; sav'age in the spirit 
 and feelings expressed in one's words or deeds. 
 
 A tro'cious crime ; flagrant act of injustice ; hei'nous sin. 
 
 Less 
 
 6fl 2S^. 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction.— /;ert?m to discriminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 Out of the abundance (overflow) of the heart the mouth 
 speaketh. Ex u'ber ance (bursting forth) of animal spirits or 
 vegetation. 
 
 Extravagant in the use of money or in praise ; lavish of 
 one's means or compliments ; profuse' in bounties or thanks ; 
 prod'l gal of one's time, treasure, or strengtli. 
 
 Pov'erty, deficiency in the means of living. Indigence, 
 absence of the necessaries of life. 
 
 Uncertain weather; preca'rious means of living. 
 
 Stocks fluct'u ate ; a man fluct'u ates between conflicting in- 
 fluences. A man vacillates in his opinions and purposes, 
 and wa'vers when the hour for action comes. 
 
A Complete Speller, 163 
 
 Word-Analysis and Word-Building. 
 
 To the pupil. — A change in the application of the words of our lan- 
 guage is constantly going on, and in this the metaphor plays an impor- 
 tant part. . 
 
 From some real or fancied likeness of two things, a term belonging to 
 the one is carried over to the other, and this metaphorical use often 
 comes to be the common use of the word. 
 
 You can now see how the word polite, which originally rnQOxii polished, 
 came to have its present use. We should not now think of speaking 
 of polite metal, but we may use polished literally, and say polished 
 metal, or metaphorically, and say polished manners. 
 
 Many interesting facts will come to light in following up the line 
 which connects the present, or current, meaning of a word with the 
 original, and those fond of exploration and discovery will find these 
 exercises a diversion rather than a task. 
 
 IlEggejSI ^^6. 
 
 Direction. — The prefixes and suflSxes below are printed in Italic and 
 the roots in black letters. Search these parts out from the Reference 
 Lists in the back part of the book, combine them, give the literal mean- 
 ing of each word, and trace its relation to the current meaning as here 
 illustrated. Give and explain as many other uses as possible. Two 
 roots will sometimes be found in one derivative. You are not to look 
 up the letters inclosed within marks of parenthesis. 
 
 Model.— Capital from caput, the heid, and nl, perlaininar to, means \\\er- 
 ^\\y l^ertnining to Hie head. The head being ihe chief or uppermost part of the 
 body and the source of intellectual power, we say " capital city," " capital speech," 
 *' capital letter," " political capital," " capital in trade," etc. 
 
 Capit + fi^/ city; to pre + d\}it + ate (to throw head-first, to 
 hasten) the conflict ;pre + cipit + ant (headlong) flight ; steep, 
 but not pre + cipit + ous. To make the main points clearer I 
 will re + capit + w/(= tile) -\- ate. The enemy offered to capit + 
 ul{=ule) + ate (to draw up little heads, to surrender on terms). 
 re-\-iimm + ate disheartened troops; spoke with anim + «^( = 
 ate) + 1071', The true animus of this affair; to whose contin- 
 ued bene + flc f ence\ the bene + flc + ent fruits of Christianity ; 
 a well-directed bene + fact + ^o?^ ; cas(u) +aZ remark ; an un- 
 
164 Word Lessons. 
 
 happy cas(u) + al-\- ti/ ; to obscurity and de + cad -f e7ice ; ac + 
 cid + e7it + al meeting ; in + cid -j-^nt + al remark ; de + cid(u) + 
 ous trees (leaves falling in autumn) ; the remarkable co + 
 in -{- cid -{- ence of the death of both Adams and Jefferson on 
 the 4th of July, 1826. Party-spirit engenders *anim-f os(=; 
 ose)-\-ity. The assembly was un(unus, one) + aiiim + 0^6*. 
 Secure un(unus) + anim + ity. 
 
 Direction.— Combine the parts, give the literal meaning, and find 
 your own illustrations. 
 
 c?e -h capit + a^e, auim + «^e, in + mnm-^ate, aiiim + «^(= ate) 
 + edf bene + fact + or, bene + fle(i) + al, bene + diet + ion, f cad -t- 
 ence, oc+cs^-\-ion, in-\-c\d-\-ent, co + /w + cide. 
 
 llEjSjS6]\[ ^i?. 
 
 See '* Direction," p. 163. 
 Enforcing justice and equ + i7^ ; an equ(it)+a&Ze distribu- 
 tion ; no ad f equ + ate champion ; the in + ad-\- equ 4- acy of 
 the alleged causes ; his ag + He heels ; the ag + il( = He) + ity of 
 a monkey ; e?z + act wise laws ; legislative en ->r act + ment + s ; 
 good counter -\-2iQi-^ing ill ; to alien + 05^6 from ; alien + «/( = 
 ate) + ion of the affections ; /;i + alien + aile rights ; *' Ann + 
 al + 8 of 2i Quiet Neighborhood " ; a life annu + ity ; co/i + clas 
 + ive evidence ; ex + cliis + ive privilege ; from the third to 
 the ninth in + clus + ive ; pre + elude all possibility. The peony 
 is ajoer + enn(i)+a?. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 in -\-ad + equ 4- ate, in + iqu + ity, in + iqH(it) + ous, ag + ent, 
 in + act ■i-iv(= ive) 4- ity, trans + act, trans 4- act 4- ion, alien, 
 annu4-«?, 5i+enn(i)4-«?, sem/4-aiinu 4-«/, con + chide, con -h 
 clus -^ ion, ea; 4- elude, ex -\- clus + ion, m 4- elude, se-h clus -^ ion, 
 8e + clud-{-ed. 
 
 * Literally sfafe qf being fM of life or npirlt ; but this word has been restricted to a 
 special application, and now denotes violent hatred. 
 
 t Cadence, like animosity, has been restricted in application, and now means a fait- 
 ing qf the voice. 
 
A Complete Speller, 165 
 
 IlEJSJSON ^^S. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 calamity, any cause of great misery or extensive evil, 
 (lis as'ter, a sudden and distressing event. 
 mis fortune, ill fortune ; evil accident. 
 mis chance' <w mis hap', a trivial misfortune, 
 
 aban'don, to give up wholly, — as vice, a ship. 
 de serf, to run away from ; to part from, — as a post of 
 duty, a friend. 
 
 2 for sake', to draw away from, — as bad habits, companions. 
 relin'qnish, to give up or let go under pressure, — as tlxe 
 
 grasp, a claim, purposes. ^ 
 
 sur ren'der, to give over {usually under a necessity), — as a 
 fort, one's will. 
 
 ac count', statement of a single event, or a series of events 
 taken as a whole, — as a shipwreck, a battle. 
 
 3 nar'rative, a story of connected incidents, — as the events 
 
 of a siege, one's life. 
 de scrip'tion, a sketch or picture in words, — as of a person, 
 a sunrise. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right tvord, and give your reason. 
 
 1 A seldom arises from the direct agency of man. gener- 
 ally arise from the carelessness of persons or the unfitness of things for 
 
 their use. often come without any specific cause. A slight 
 
 detained him. 
 
 2 We have all and followed thee.— Bible. We our hopes. 
 
 The soldiers of Hannibal themselves to pleasure at Capua. He 
 
 foolishly himself to the tempter. He will not the cause. 
 
 3 Readers are charmed with Milton's of paradise. of the 
 
 accident were received from different sources. The of his advent- 
 ures in Africa was given to the public. 
 
1 66 Word Lessons. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give original ittusiraiions. 
 
 One is always surrounded by dan'ger. One's life is some- 
 times in per 11. Hazard life and property in a bold venture ; 
 a life in jeop ard y (extreme danger). 
 
 In im'mi nent danger of one's life ; ini pend'ing evils of war ; 
 threat'cn inj? indications for the future. 
 
 Con cern', not indifference ; so lic'i tude and even anx i'e ty 
 regarding your future. 
 
 Cau'tioiis at all times against evil ; wa'ry of hostile designs ^ 
 cir'cuni spect (looking around) in matters of peculiar deli- 
 cacy and difficulty. 
 
 Habitual hostility marks the ad'versary; oppo'nents are 
 pitted against each other ; an tag'o nists struggle in the contest. 
 
 A fortress is de fend ed by its guns and pro tect'ed by its 
 walls. 
 
 IlEgge]^ ^66. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 A storm or a fever abates' ; a tumult or a passion subsides'. 
 
 Alleviate (lighten) cares or distresses; niil'i grate (make 
 mild) punishment, one's anguish, or the fierceness of pas- 
 sion ; assuage' (sweeten = soften) sorrow or angry feelings; 
 aliay' (quiet) grief or wounded sensibility. 
 
 A general or a local physical debility; infirmity of the 
 eyes, etc.; inflrm'ities of age ; ini beciiity of body or mind. 
 
 Corpo'real substance or frame; corporal (not corporeal) 
 punishment. 
 
 Nox'ious weeds or food ; noisome vapors or pestilence. 
 
 I labor for the recov'ery of my property, but am indebted 
 to another for its restora'tion. 
 
A Complete Speller. 167 
 
 IlEJSJSON t^V 
 
 Word-Analysis and Word-Building. 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 
 Cap + able engineer ; capt -\-iv(= ive) ■\-at{= ate) 4- ing love- 
 liness ; capt(i) -\-ous disposition ; co/i + ceive the idea ; finds no 
 rtC + cept + «/ice ; the common «c + cept + (at)iO?2 of the term ; 
 form a con + cept + ion of the Deity ; un + ex-h cepl + ion + able 
 language ; opposed it from its very in -\-ce^i + ion; children 
 are more sus + cept + ibie ; anti(= ante) + cip + ate pleasures ; 
 e 4- man + cip + «^e a slave ; emancipate one from error ; in-\- 
 e\^{\)-\-ent stage of the disease ; the re + cip(i) ^-ent of many 
 favors ; choice and felic(it) -\-ous English. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 in + csLi^-\-able, capt + or, capt+tV{=iVtj) + iYy, capt+«^r^, 
 Je -l-ceive, per + ceive, re + ceive, ac + cept, ac + cept + able, pre 
 + cept, ^re + cept + or, re + cept + io/i, parti-f-cip(le), parti + 
 cip + ate, parti + cip + ant, felic + ity, in + felic + ity, parti + cle, 
 parti + al. 
 
 LEgg0fI ^6^ 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 
 To ac + cede to a request ; inquire into his a^ite + ced 4- 
 ent + 5 ; to cede territory ; con + cede the point in question ; 
 no pre-\-cQ^ + ent (pr^c'e dent) for such a ruling; an iin-\- 
 pre + ced 4- ent 4- ed (un prec'e dent ed) • course ; will claim 
 jore 4- ced 4- e7^ce (pre ced'ence) ; the cess4-?*o^ of territory ; a 
 cess 4- (at) /o/i of hostilities; easy of ac4-cess; «c + cess 4- ? 0/2 
 of wealth ; de 4- feet 4- ion from a cause or a party ; possible, 
 but not teas 4- ible ; dis -f af+ feet 4- ion among the soldiers ; 
 pro-\-^G(\)-{-ent in mathematics. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 jpre4-cede, re 4- cede, se4-cede, i;i^er 4- cede, e.r4-ceed, pro-\- 
 ceed, sue A ceed, a^s-i-cess, eu;4-cess, err 4- cess 4- iVe, .se 4- cess 4- 
 ion, fact 4- or, fact 4- ory, de 4- feet 4- ive, per 4- feet. 
 
1 68 Word Lessons, 
 
 IlEg]56]« S65. 
 
 Word-Analysis and Word-Building. 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 Rightful claim + 6?w^ to the estate; crowds rtc4-claini him 
 king ; re + claim a vicious child ; voted by cc + clamat + tow ; 
 the Apostles' Cre(e)d ; to produce his cve^-\-ent{\) \ al-\-s ; to 
 take advantage of his cred(ul) + % ; to 6?/5 + credit the re- 
 port ; a dis + credit + able performance ; an in + cred + ible 
 story; the ground of cred-fewce; to dict + «^e a letter; in- 
 vested with the authority of a diet -i- at{= ate) + or ; a diet + at 
 ( = ate) + or(\) + al tone ; faultless diet + ion ; ad + diet + ed to 
 
 vice. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 de + claim^ dis -{; claim, ex + claim, pro + claim, ir + re + claim 
 
 + able, de + clamat + ion, ex 4- clamat + ion, pro + clamat + ion, 
 
 cred + ible, credit, credit -\- able, contra -\- did, pre -{-diet, pre-\- 
 
 dict + ion, vale(f arewell) + diet + or^. 
 
 LeSSSN ^64. 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 A cnrr +ent report ; a specie ciirr + ency ; a cnrs + ory view 
 of the subject ; a co?i j- cnrr -\-e nee of opinions ; in + ciir dis- 
 pleasure ; the in + curs + ion + 5 of the Goths ; pj-e + curs + or 
 of a storm ; becoming justly in-{-d\gn + a7it (angry at what 
 is unworthy); to suffer i7i -[- dlgn -h ity ; con-\- dlgn punish- 
 ment; to a6?+duce facts and arguments ; con -\-dnce to the 
 general good ; con-\-dnc-\-ive to health ; e + dnce good from 
 evil ; to 56 + dace the young from duty ; secretly 6f5 + dnct-*- 
 ed the child ; from these particulars we come, by i?i4-diict + 
 ion, to the general law ; tw+duct+tve reasoning. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 ex -^enr» + ion, re + cnr, dign + (i)///, dlgn-^iti/, diirii(it)-f 
 ary, e -\- due -^ ate, iw + diice, in-\-diice+j)ie7it, m/ro + duet + 
 ion, i?itro + duct -\- or y, pro -\-dnce, pro + dnci-^ive. 
 
A Complete Speller. 169 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 speech, a form of words bearing on some topic of common 
 
 interest to speaker and hearer. 
 ad dress', a form of words directed to some person or body 
 
 of persons. 
 
 ra'tioii, an elaborate speech for a special occasion. 
 ha rangue', a noisy, vehement appeal to the passions. 
 declama'tion, delivery of a memorized speech or exercise, 
 
 as in schools ; loud or empty speaking in public. 
 
 dic'tiou refers to the choice and construction of words 
 where clearness and accuracy are at stake. 
 
 style applies both to language and thought, and refers to 
 the artistic character of the composition ; as, a 
 graceful, polished, poetic, or forcible style, 
 
 phra se ol'ogy, particular or distinctive form of words. 
 
 dis cern'ment, keenness and accuracy of mental vision. 
 
 pen e tra'tion, power of seeing deeply into things. 
 
 dis criiii i na'tion, capacity of tracing out minute distinctions 
 
 and nice shades of thought. 
 judgment, the faculty of comparing and weighing things 
 
 and deciding aright in reference to them. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right icord, and give your reason. 
 
 1 The mayor delivered an — — of welcome. The senator made a 
 
 strong in support of the bill. The general made a to his 
 
 troops on the eve of battle. Webster delivered the at the laying 
 
 of the corner-stone. The audience pronounced it mere . 
 
 2 The of Burke was enriched with all the higher graces of com- 
 position ; his was pure and clear ; his was, at times, cumber- 
 some. 
 
 3 serves to remove all obscurity and confusion. pierces 
 
 every veil which falsehood draws before truth. detects the slight- 
 est differences. When called upon to take any step or act any part, we 
 must employ . 
 
JO Word Lesso7is. 
 
 IlEJSSeS ^66. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Lear a to discnminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 Difference lies in^the thing, distinction in the act of tho 
 person. To make a distinction without a difference. 
 
 In a definition we fix the bounds or limits of a thing ; in 
 an explanation we make plain or remove some misunder- 
 standing. A precise definition ; a general explanation. 
 
 Sure that the sun is in the sky to-day, certain that it will 
 rise to-morrow ; sure remedy or guide ; certain of the cor- 
 rectness of the theory. 
 
 Ac'cu rate account, statement, or calculation ; ex act' date, 
 amount, or likeness ; pre cise' moment or meaning ; pre cise' 
 in dress or language. 
 
 A captious person catches at the slightest-faults ; one who 
 is caviling makes frivolous objections. 
 
 Final adjustment or determination ; ul'tl mate success or 
 object ; con clu'sive argument or arrangement. 
 
 IlEJSiSejV ^67. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; gim original illustrations. 
 
 A sped men represents a class of things ; a sam'ple is a 
 part of the thing, showing the quality of the whole. 
 
 In f?en'ious mechanic ; sliill'ful physician ; ex pert' bowman ; 
 dex'ter ous fencer ; a droit' pick-pocket ; clev'er speech or trick. 
 
 Cunning or crafty device' ; useful con triv'ance. 
 
 U tU'i ty of an invention ; useful ness of the thing invented. 
 
 Du'ra ble material or fabrics ; last'ing remembrance or 
 effect ; per'manent situation or monument. 
 
 Wer'can tile house or business ; com mer'cial education, peo- 
 ple, or town. 
 
 We remove obstructions and surmount obstacles. 
 
A Complete Speller, 171 
 
 Word-Analysis and Word-Building. 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 
 To meet for friendly con + fer-\-e7ice; a natural m + fer4- 
 ence from the preceding statement ; by suf-{-(er-{-ance rather 
 than by permission; to pro{t)-\- fer services; trans -{-fer-\- 
 able rights ; e-\-\at-\-ed by victory ; the cor + re + lat + ive 
 terms, father and son ; flu -\-ent speaker ; living in a/+flu + 
 ence ; m + flux of wealth ; the speaker's M-^ency ; the con-{- 
 flu + ence of two rivers ; the flu + id + ity of water or gas ; in + 
 fTung + ible atoms ; m + fring(e) upon his rights ; re + fract + 
 ion of a ray of light ; re + fract + ory child. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 fer(t) +i7e, fer{t) + il(= ile) + ize, circum-\-fer-\-ence, dif-\- 
 fer + ence, 2)re + fer-^ence, re + fer-{- ence, re-{-fer + ee, di-h 
 lat(e), di + lat + ory, siq^er + lat + ive, trans + lat(e), fract + ioiu 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 Re + fund the money ; fus + ion of metals ; language too 
 fZiZ+fuse; dif+fns + ion of knowledge; dif+ fus -hive per- 
 fume ; ef+fuH-^ion of blood; in -\-fnfi+ ion of good princi- 
 ples; 7?ro + fuse in expenditures; eyes stif+fvi^-hed with 
 tears; ^ra^s + fuse a spirit of patriotism; the insolent ag-\- 
 gress -{-or ; ag-\- gress + ive measures ; a di + gress + ion from 
 my main purpose ; to shut off all e + gross ; retro + grade 
 motion; not joro + gress, but re^ro 4- gress + ?*ow ; an ad-{- 
 he.T-\-ent to a party ; a rambling, iri -V co + \i^T + ent style. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 con-]-{vL^-\-ion, grad(at)+tow, ^e + grade, tZe + grad(at)-|' 
 ion, ag + gresH-[-io?i, C07i -\- gress, di + gress, joro + gress + iVe, 
 grad(u)4-«^e, tra}is -{- gress -\- ioti, co + lier + ence, «<Z+hes + 
 ion, hes(it)-h a ncy. 
 
172 Word Lessons, 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — L^arn to discriminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 That which charms, en chants', or en raptures (these words 
 rise in their sense) affords pleasure for tlie time ; that which 
 fascinates or cap'tivates rivets the mind to the ohject. 
 
 Af fa ble (ready to speak or to be spoken to) even to the 
 meanest of his subjects ; courteous (suitable to a court) bear- 
 ing or language ; polite' (polished) behavior, address, or 
 manners ; civil (belonging to a citizen, not rude) person or 
 reply ; condescending: to his inferiors ; com'plai sant' (desiring 
 to please) gentlemen. He smiled with much com'plai sance 
 at all their pretty fancies. 
 
 El'e gance comes from training or art ; ^ace may be a 
 natural gift. 
 
 The decorum of a public assembly; the dig'nity of the men 
 who compose it. 
 
 The Pharisees were scru'pu lous without being con sci ea'tlous. 
 
 IlEggejvi :?7). 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 Des'ultory (leaping) talk or remarks ; eur'sory (running) 
 view or glance. 
 
 Ap pro ba'tion of equals or superiors ; com men da'tion of su- 
 periors. * 
 
 Benev'olent (well-wishing) disposition or act; beneficent 
 (well-doing) acts or intentions. 
 
 Deference to authority, to rank, or to the opinions of 
 others ; respect' for superiors or for virtues ; esteem' for vir- 
 tues or for real worth ; rev'erence for persons or things ex- 
 alted, noble, or sacred ; venera'tion for age and wisdom. 
 
 It is wrong to dlspar'age another's motives or efforts. 
 De pre'c! ate values or merits. 
 
A Complete Speller, 173 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 beau'ti ful, having that assemblage of graces or properties 
 which pleases the senses (especially the sight) or the 
 mind ; as, heautiful scenery, woman, or thought. 
 
 pretty, pleasing by delicacy or grace, — applying to things 
 1 comparatively small ; as, pretty face, flower, or cot- 
 
 tage. 
 
 haud'some, agreeable to the eye or to correct taste ; suit- 
 able ; as, handsome face, house, apology, or for- 
 tune. 
 
 gleam, to begin to give a faint but distinct light. 
 glimmer, to give an indistinct, unsteady light. 
 "Z glitter, to give a bright but broken and varied light. 
 glis'ten, to shine with a soft, fitful light. 
 sparli'le, to send off particles of light. 
 
 har'mo ny, adaptation of parts to each other ; union of two 
 3 or more sounds heard at the same instant. 
 
 melody, a pleasing succession of single s^nds. 
 
 char'ac ter is the sum of a man's qualities. 
 repu ta'tion is what others think of a man. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right word, and give your reason. 
 
 1 We should not say that a man is or , but he may be . 
 
 sunset ; tale ; horse. 
 
 2 The morning light upon the earth. A distant taper 
 
 through the mist. A dew-drop in the sun. The ladies' eyes 
 
 with pleasure. The child's eyes with delight. 
 
 3 In a united family we see domestic . There may be perfect 
 
 in a concert of voices and instruments. There may be in 
 
 language or in the song of a bird. 
 
 4 It is possible for a man to have a fair who has not in reality a* 
 
 good ; but men of really good are not likely to have a bad . 
 
I 74 Word Lessons, 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 pill rail ty of Yotes, more votes than those given for any 
 ^ other candidate. 
 
 ma jor'lty of votes, more than half the votes given for all 
 the candidates. 
 
 in snr rec'tion, a rising up in arms against the authority of 
 
 the government. 
 re volt', a violent attempt to throw off one forrn of gov- 
 
 2 ernment for another. 
 
 re beirion, an extended insurrection and revolt. 
 rev lu'tlou, a radical change ; revolt successfully accom- 
 plished. 
 
 abet'tor. An abettor incites, proposes, encourages. 
 
 3 ac ces'so ry. An accessory aids, helps forward, conceals. 
 ae com'plice. An accomplice takes part, carries into effect, 
 
 com'mon, often met with. 
 
 4 gen'er al, pertaining to the majority. 
 u ni vers'al, pertaining to all. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right word, and give your reason. 
 
 1 There being several competing candidates, no one obtained a . 
 
 He was elected by a of votes, but did not represent a majority of 
 
 the people. 
 
 2 The American began in 1775. The government was weakened 
 
 by frequent , incited by mep ambitious to rule. These severe 
 
 measures led to an , which was soon put down without bloodshed. 
 
 This dissatisfaction soon grew into open . 
 
 3 The may escape the penalty of the law when he is morally 
 
 more guilty than the or even the . 
 
 4 To be able to read is so an attainment in tliis coimtry that we 
 
 may pronounce it , though by no means . 
 
A Complete Speller. 175 
 
 IlEggGN ^74. 
 Word- Analysis and Word- Building. 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 
 Con -\-iorm. to good customs ; trans -\- form -\-ed into a but- 
 terfly ; bring ourselves into co7i + iorm + ity -, in + \i+{\)ate 
 into the mysteries ; circu + it + ous route ; ex-\-it and en- 
 trance ; se(d)-\-\i-\-ion leading to open rebellion ; the trans 
 + it of goods ; trans + it-\-io7i-\-al state ; this trans -{-it -\- or y 
 life ; trans + it + ive verb ; liter 4- al meaning ; liter + ary man ; 
 il + \\ieT -\- ate man ; easy, co/ + Ioqii(i) +«Z style ; to substitute 
 circiim-\-\oQVLi-{-ion for direct terms ; exposed to o^ + loqu + i/ 
 and censure. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 form + al, form -\-al-\- ity, de + form, per + form + ance, re + 
 form(at) + ion, vim(unus, one) + form, in + form + al, in + trans 
 + it + ive, loqii (ac) 4- ity, e + loqii + ence, magn + anim + ous, 
 ma^ + anim + ity, magn + ate, magn + {i)fy, magn(i) + tude. 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 
 Smaller factions merg + ed into one powerful party ; e + 
 merg(e) from obscurity; ready for any e + merg 4- ewe?/ ; migrat 
 + ory birds ; the migrat + ion of birds ; e + migrat(e) to Aus- 
 tralia ; to check the im + m\grsLi-\-ion of Chinese into Califor- 
 nia ; refer the matter to a com-\-m\i(t) -[-ee ; e + mit steam ; 
 inter 4- niit(t) 4- ent springs ; trans 4- mit messages ; throw a 
 miss4-?7e; a supposition hardly ad -\- miHs -\- ible ; the king's 
 e-\-mm-\-ury ; received the mh»-\-tve ; to re4-mit the punish- 
 ment ; to remit by draft ; received the re -^mit{t)-\- ance ; sed 
 -\- ent -h ary employment ; Hed(i)-i-ment of impure water ; to 
 swjt?er4-sed(e) an officer. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 manu 4- al, manu 4- fact + ory, e 4- man 4- cip 4- nt( = ate) 4- ion, 
 w/4-niers(e), .<f?/J4-merg(e), migrat(e), ad -\-m\i{t)-\- ance, 
 sub -\-m\i, miss 4- ?ow 4- ary. 
 
1 76 Word Lessofts, 
 
 IIE8JS6N ^76. 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction.— Z/ear/i to discriminate ; give original illuatrationa. 
 
 We solicit aid or favor ; entreat' with strong arguments ,• 
 beseech' with strong feeling; implore' aid in extreme dis- 
 tress ; humbly siip'pli cate mercy. (These words increase in 
 strength in the order in which they are here given.) 
 
 Allured' to evil by promised good ; enticed' into it througli 
 our passions ; seduced', or drawn away, from the path of 
 rectitude. 
 
 As sent' to a statement (act of the understanding) ; con sent 
 to a proposal (act of the will). 
 
 Ad dieted to vice ; de voted to literature ; ded'i cat ed to re- 
 ligious uses. 
 
 We ad mou'ish with a view to one's improvement ; we 
 rep'ri mand by way of punishment. 
 
 Pun'ish to uphold law ; chastise' to reform the offender. 
 
 IlESS©N ^77. 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give original illnstrations. 
 
 Plau'sible arguments and spe'cious appearances often de- 
 ceive. His ostensible motive may, or may not, be his real 
 motive. 
 
 Equivocate by using language with two meanings; pre- 
 var'i cate by " dodging " the truth. 
 
 Delu'sions of stock-jobbing ; illu'sions of youth. . Soph'lstry 
 is false reasoning of so subtle a kind as to render it difficult 
 to expose its fallacy. 
 
 Life is tran'sient (short at the best) ; its joys are transitory 
 (liable to pass away) ; its hours are fleet ing (in the act of 
 taking flight). 
 
 We should (obligation of propriety) be neat in our person. 
 We ouj?ht (obligation of duty) to speak truth. 
 
A Complete Speller, 177 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 hab'il, a law which grows up within an individual, leading 
 
 1 him to do easily and naturally what he does often. 
 cus'tom is a frequent repetition of the same act by an in- 
 dividual or a community. 
 
 mem'ory, that faculty of the mind by which it retains the 
 knowledge of past impressions or thoughts. 
 
 2 remembrance, thie bringing of past impressions again to 
 
 mind without conscious effort. 
 recollection implies a conscious effort to collect again im- 
 pressions which have once been in the mind. 
 
 3 
 
 understand' (or apprehend), to receive into the mind, 
 comprehend', to embrace or understand a thing in all its 
 
 extent. 
 
 in con sist'ent, not fit to be placed together. 
 4 in con'gru ous, not suited ; not in harmony. 
 in com pat'i ble, incapable of existing together. 
 
 Direction. — Choose the right word, cmd give your reason. 
 
 1 Man is a bundle of . A more honored in the breach than 
 
 the observance. 
 
 2 enables us to treasure up and preserve for future use the 
 
 knowledge we acquire. I the meeting, but I find it impossible to 
 
 all that occurred. 
 
 3 It is easy to that there is a God, but impossible to the 
 
 vastness of his existence, wisdom, and power. 
 
 4 Habitual levity of mind is with the profession of a clergyman ; 
 
 it is with his ordination vows ; it is with his permanent use- 
 fulness. 
 
 13 
 
178 Word Lessons, 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give original illustrations. 
 
 Tautology is a needless repeti'tlon of the same meaning in 
 different words. 
 
 He was not satisfied with re peat'ing his declaration, but 
 went on to re it'er ate it in yarious forms. 
 
 Prompt decision, steadfast determination, and inflexible 
 resolution. 
 
 Pertinacity of opinion ; obstinacy of will. 
 
 What er'i dence have you to offer in proof of the tnith of 
 your statement ? 
 
 This served only to ag'gra vate the offense. It was said 
 merely to irritate {not aggravate) him. 
 
 We may felicitate a successful rival (wish him joy), but 
 can hardly congratulate him (unite our joy with his). 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Lea/rn to discrimirmte ; give original illnstrations. 
 
 Ednca'tion trains the mind ; instruction fills it with infor- 
 mation. 
 
 One may be illiterate (not acquainted with letters) and 
 yet not ig'no rant. 
 
 The idioms (peculiar forms) of a language ; the dialects of 
 different localities. 
 
 In capable of learning or of a mean action ; in com 'patent to 
 a certain task ; in com'pe tent judge. 
 
 Difficult problem (requiring more or less exertion) ; ard'u- 
 0U8 undertaking (requiring strenuous, persevering exertion). 
 
 Believe a doctrine ; obey a precept* 
 
 It may be right to a venge' injuries, but never to indulge 
 revenge'. 
 
A Complete Speller. i 79 
 
 Word-Analysis and Word-Building. 
 (See Direction^ p. 163. ) 
 The com^-'^wy-\-ent parts; an «jt?4-posit(e) remark; nouns 
 in the same case by «j9 + posit + io?i ; ^e + cow + posit + to ?i of 
 rocks; his ex + posit + i'o/i of the text ; co?i + ^/e + sceiid to be- 
 come the friend of the lowly ; self-sacrifice and noble con + 
 r/e + scens + io/i ; ^r«/j + scend all limits; to ^f + scribe honor 
 to the upright; to ci>cz^m + scribe royal power; to i^-l- 
 scribe a line on stone ; lyre + scrib + ed course of study ; to 
 pro + scribe offensive doctrines ; to supper + scribe a letter ; to 
 ^r«?i + scribe (copy) ^a letter; an ?"?i + script + zo?i on a monu- 
 ment. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 o/?-l-poii + e?<^, ;-'Oi-^ + pon(e), posit + to ?^, posit + ?Ve, com-\- 
 posit(e) number, co??z+ posit + to ?i, t/e + posit, c/e + posit + ory, 
 /m + posit + /ow, j-zre -I- posit + zo?t, f/e + scend + a/i^ + 5, de^ 
 scribe, 5wJ + scribe, manu + script, ^os^ + script. 
 
 liEJSgON %^% / 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 Sect + ion + al feelings and interests ; inter -\- sect + ion of 
 the roads; a potent argument ; princes and potent + ^j^^e + 5 ; 
 *' potent + (i)a? mode " ; ^e + spic + «^?e company ; to be wise 
 and ciVc?^wi + spect ; the art of j9er -i- spect + f ye drawing ; j)ro 
 4- spect + ive benefit ; a retro 4- spect + ive view ; a successful 
 « + spir + a7?^ ; con-^^\\x-^acy against the government; noble 
 a + spirat + ion 4- 8 ; poetic in + spirat + ion ; ex + pirat( = spirat) 
 ■\-ion of the time; the m -I- spirat 4-/0?^ an.d ea;4-pirat( = 
 spiral) 4- io/i of air, /.e., breathing, or re4-spirat + {o?2. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 M 4- sect, dis 4- sect, con 4- spic(u) 4- ous, sus 4- pic( = spic) (i) 4- 
 ous, i?j + spect, re-{-s])eci-\-aMe, « + spire, <?07^^- spire, ex-{- 
 pire(= spire), {?j 4- spire, j9er + spire, tempor + w^:, tempor4-ar!/, 
 
i8o Word Lessons, 
 
 Lesion ^S5. 
 
 Word-Analysis and Word-Building. 
 
 (See Direction^ p. 163.) 
 Tend to ruin; every fiber t€ns(e) ; tens + /o?i of the mus- 
 cles ; a con + tent + {^)ous disposition ; dis + t«nd + ed nostrils ; 
 in + tent on mischief ; in + tens(e) application; in + tens + (i)/y 
 the alarm ; the o.s'( = ol)) + tens + ihU reason ; tend(er) a pay- 
 ment ; ten(ac)4-i^«/ of purpose; \A\\-\-aciou8 of his rights; 
 an un^r\^\v-\-able position ; temperate, but not ahs-\-\x\v-\-ent ; 
 «/? +^e/' + tain + e;i^ to this life ; a remark not ^^er + tin + c^i/ 
 here ; a^ + tribut(e) it to other causes ; just re + tribut + io;t ; 
 /•e + tribut + iVe justice; verb4.i5Z critic, verb + aZ (not oral) 
 message. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 tend(on), tend + ency, at 4- tent + ive, ex + tens + ion, os{ — oh) 
 + tent (at) + io)i, ten + able, re -f tent + ive, ad + verb. 
 
 ItBgge]^ ^84. 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 Tr'fect + ahle child ; an ahs + tract of the discourse ; de + 
 tract from his merits ; 7-e + tract the false charge ; ?'e + tract + 
 ion of an opinion ; trouble arising from an /Vi + «a? + vert + 
 ent remark; to anim + «r/ + vert frequently upon the im- 
 propriety; to «(= «J) + vert his wrath; strong mutual 
 «(= «<{») + vers + low ; some contra -\-y^ri-\-ed points; ;>er + 
 vert the meaning;, re + vert to the original owner; con + 
 vers-f-aw^ with literature; a man of vers(at)+?/e talents; 
 another vers -I- io;i of the text; to choose his vocat + t'ow ; a 
 co/i + vocat + ioM of bishops and clergy; to avoid truth by 
 eqn(i)+vocat + ?"7i/7 ; in + yocai-^-ion of the Deity. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate, 
 fl/ 4- tract 4- ?'ve, cow 4- tract -for, ^//.9 + tract, cr-f tract, pro-\- 
 tract, row, 4- tract + 10??, rZ/4-vert, r/r/ 4- vers(e), ro7?/7*o 4- vers -f-y, 
 di + vers + (})fy, per 4- vers -f ity, re + vers(e), pro + vocat + ion. 
 
A Complete Speller. i8i 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 com pe ti'tion, strife for the same object. 
 1 em 11 la'tion, desire to equal or excel others. 
 rivalry, a personal, selfish contest — usually unfriendly, 
 
 flrm'ness belongs to the will. 
 
 constancy belongs to the affections and principles. 
 
 repent'ance, sorrow for past acts, with a change of con- 
 duct. 
 
 penitence, sorrow for sin. 
 3 com punc'tion, a prickin'g of conscience. 
 
 re morse', a gnawing of conscience. 
 
 contri'lion (a bruising), a continuous state of grief and self- 
 condemnation. 
 
 e ter'nal, having neither beginning nor end. 
 ev er lasting, without end. 
 
 economy avoids waste, and uses money to the best advan- 
 tage. 
 5 fru gall ty cuts off indulgences, and saves systematically 
 
 and rigidly. 
 par's! mo ny carries frugality to an extreme, involving mean- 
 ness. 
 
 Direction.— CAoo.^e the right word, and give your reason. 
 
 1 Honorable in business. seeks to merit success ; is 
 
 contented with obtaining it, 
 
 2 Without a man has no character ; without - — there is 
 
 neither love nor virtue. 
 
 3 All men are subject to of conscience. Heaven can judge if 
 
 be true. Seeing his reformation, we know his to be true. 
 
 The of the prodigal son ; David's for the murder of Uriah. 
 
 4 existence ; punishment. 
 
 5 is a virtue, is a vice ; may lean to one or the other 
 
 according to the motive from which it springs. 
 
i82 Word Lessons, 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction. — Learn to discriminate ; give origirud illustrations. 
 
 All then'tic (not false) history ; gen'ii ice (not spurious) 
 manuscript. 
 
 At'ti tilde of wonder ; reclining posture. 
 
 A thing is an'cient or antique' when not modern ; it is 
 an'tiquated or obsolete when it is out of fashion or use. 
 An'cient republics or temples ; built in the antique' style ; 
 an'tiquated customs ; obsolete words. 
 
 An a bridg'ment contains the more important parts of the 
 larger work, A compendium or an epitome is a condensed 
 abridgment. An abstract or a sum'mary is a brief statement 
 of a thing in its main points. A syn op'sis is a bird's-eye view 
 of a subject or work in its several parts. 
 
 An ex ample represents a class of objects ; an in'stance may 
 be a single and solitary case. 
 
 Synonyms Discriminated. 
 
 Direction Learn to discriminate ; give onginal illustrations. 
 
 Com'mon friend {7iot " mutual friend"), country, or enemy 
 (belonging alike to all) ; miit'u al benefit, services, or friend- 
 ship (interchange in the same act) ; recip'ro cal kindness or 
 reproaches (acting in response to another act). 
 
 Fields are adja'cent when tliey lie near to each other. 
 Ad join'ing farms meet or join at some point. Con tig'u oiis 
 implies touching or joining closely. 
 
 Ample room or resources ; spa'cioiis hall, house, or garden ; 
 ca pa'cious vessel or mind. 
 
 The taste and feelings of a fastidious person are easily 
 offended ; a squeam'ish person is over-scrupulous and easily 
 disgusted. 
 
 Grandeur of the ocean ; sub lim'i ty of the heavens. 
 
A Complete Speller. 183 
 
 Word- Analysis and Word- Building. 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 
 Felic(it)+«#« ourselves on having escaped the danger; 
 fl^+cess + i^Ze from all sides; to make mutual co/j + cess + 
 ion-\-s ; not a natural, but a fact(iti) -hous, excitement ; e + 
 diet of the emperor; to inter ■{• diet all further intercourse; 
 con -{-cur in this judgment ; con-\-curr + ent testimony ; col-\- 
 lat(e) it, word by word, with the original ; sat down to a 
 cold col-{-liii-{-ion ; in -{- her -\-ent right to liberty. Solids 
 and fluids differ in the degree of co+hes + ?ow. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 de-\-ce^t-hion, de-{-ceyt+ive, ex-{-ce^t + io7i, i7iter-\-cept, 
 inter -h cess -{-ion, i7iter + cess + or, pre + de-\-cess-\-ory cred 
 (ul) -I- ous, in + cred(ul) + ity, ac + eredit, diet + at{=ate) + ion, 
 se-{-dnct-\-ive, a(iue{aqua, water) 4- duet, ^n-\-id, super -^tiu-\- 
 ous, fivLci{u)-\-ate, in + frmg{e)+ment, 
 
 IlES3®N ^S9. 
 
 (See Direction, p. 163.) 
 
 A loqu(aci) + ous woman ; as + sid(u) + ous labor ; to labor 
 with «s + sid(Ti) -^ity; reconciled by the i7iter-^ posit -{-io7i of a 
 common friend ; to be in the a -\-sceni\.-\- ant ; to gain undis- 
 puted a-\-scend-{-e7icy ; i??2+ potent in body and mind; the 
 omn\(omnis, all)+poteiit Creator; per-\-sim{n)-hous in 
 thought and language ; j!?er + spic(u) + ?'^?/ of his statements ; 
 Socrates and his con -{-tem\^or -\- ary, Plato ; break the co}i-\- 
 Un(\i)-\-ity of the thought j per-{-tln-{-acious in opinion; 
 tract + ion of a muscle or a rope. 
 
 Direction. — Combine, define, and illustrate. 
 
 mn\ti(muUus, many) + form, in -{-it + {i)al, air cu -hit, sub 
 + miss + ion, trans + miss + ion, pre + sid(e), pro + posit + ion, 
 trans -{- posit -\- ion, ea; + tenipor + ^2;e, sus -{-ten -{-ance, tribut-l' 
 ary, verb + ose, verb + os{ = ose) + ity. 
 
1 84 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Prefixes. 
 
 Alphabetical T^ist— For Reference 
 e = English, I = Latin, g = Greek. 
 «a = at, in, on, or adds force. 
 
 'a. See ah or ad. 
 
 ffa, 
 
 an 
 
 vyithouL not. 
 
 Hih 
 
 h 
 
 from. 
 
 ^to. 
 
 abs 
 a 
 
 'ad* 
 a 
 ac 
 af 
 as 
 al 
 an 
 ap 
 ar 
 as 
 at . 
 
 ^mbi ) 
 
 anib > = around. 
 am ) 
 
 fi'amphi ~ both, around. 
 ^ana = up, back, through. 
 'fante = before. 
 ^" antl ~ against, opposite. 
 
 «be = by, about, over, to make, or 
 adds force. 
 
 y^^A = two, tvdce. 
 
 ^cata 
 cat 
 
 'circum 
 
 circii 
 ^con* (cum) ~ 
 
 CO 
 
 col 
 
 com 
 
 cor 
 
 'contra 
 
 = down. 
 
 I = around. 
 
 ^ = with, together, 
 wholly. 
 
 contro [• = against. 
 counter ) 
 
 'de = doum, from, or adds force. 
 
 ^'dla = through. 
 
 'dis* ) 
 
 di )• = apart, not, opposite act. 
 
 ait) 
 
 ,, ^ = twice, two. 
 
 fl'dys = bad, ill. 
 e, ec, ef. See ex. 
 
 '^rnf = '■».- 
 
 fi'epi ) ^ 
 epf 
 
 ey 
 
 upon, 
 i = welly good. 
 
 e^ I = out of from. 
 ef 
 
 ♦ The last letter of the prellx Is oftcu moUifled by the flret letter of the root. This 
 Ifl for the sake of euphony. 
 t In anticipate, anti = ante. 
 
A Complete Speller. 
 
 185 
 
 Prefixes — Continued. 
 
 ^xtra = leyond. 
 *for = not, from. 
 ^fore = iefore. 
 chyper = over, beyond. 
 fi'hypo = under. 
 
 nn* 
 
 ji I — m, on. 
 not. 
 
 im \ 
 ir J 
 
 Qnter = between. 
 ^intro = mthin. 
 fi'meta 
 
 . j- = beyond, change. 
 
 *mis = wrong, um 
 ^mono = alone. 
 
 'ob* 
 
 oc 
 of 
 op J 
 
 «off = from 
 
 «out = 
 
 = in front, in the way, 
 against. 
 
 *^over = above. 
 
 ^*^^«o^ f — ^*^^ ^y **^^' unlike. 
 par ) 
 
 'f per = through^ tlioroughly. 
 
 fl'poly = many. 
 
 ^post = a/fer. 
 
 'pre = before. 
 
 ^pro 
 
 /or, /or//A. 
 
 pur 
 
 fl^pro = before. 
 
 ^re = back or again. 
 
 ^retro = backward, 
 
 'se = «si<?e. 
 
 ^semi = AaZ/. 
 
 'sine = without. 
 
 'sub* 
 sue 
 suf 
 su^ I 
 sup 
 sus J 
 
 'subter 
 
 'super 
 
 sur 
 
 fi'syn 
 
 := under. 
 
 under. 
 
 above, over. 
 
 together. 
 
 syni J 
 «to = the, this. 
 irans^^^ ( —o'^^er, bey and, through 
 
 ^9tri = three, thrice. 
 
 'ultra — beyond. 
 
 *un — not (in adj. and nouns). 
 
 ^un = opposite act (in verbs). 
 
 ^uiider = beneath. 
 
 'yice = instead of. 
 
 *with = against, from. 
 
 ♦ See note, p. 184. 
 
 Per, standing alone, means by. 
 
1 86 
 
 Word Lessons. 
 
 Suffixes. 
 
 Alphabetic List— For Reference. 
 
 The part of speech formed by the aid of the suflBx is indicated by the 
 letter placed before it. — n = noun, v = verb, a = adjective, ad — ad- 
 verb. 
 
 The language from which the suflBlx comes is indicated by the letter 
 placed after it. — e = English, I — Latin, g — Greek, / = French. 
 
 ''aWe ) (;) ^ „j^, ^, ^^^ ^^ i^ j,^ «ee (/) = one to whom. 
 
 «ible 
 
 "Me ) 
 
 causing. 
 
 "ac {g) — 'pertaining to. 
 
 «aceous (I) \ = having the quality 
 «acious [l) S of, full of. 
 
 «acy (0 = state or quality of being. 
 
 «age(/) = 
 
 state ofbeing. 
 act of. 
 that which, 
 a collection of. 
 
 ° "al (0 — pertaining to ; the act of. 
 <* "an {I) = pertaining to ; one who. 
 
 «SScy [ ^^ =■ ^^""^^ ^^ ^^*''^' ""'^ ''•^• 
 
 ant (f). See ent. 
 
 «ar (0 = pertaining to. 
 
 »*ar. See "er. 
 
 "ard (e) = one who. 
 
 belonging to. 
 
 one who, place where. 
 
 havi\ 
 ^"''ate ij)= \ one wt 
 
 ««ary(0 = 
 
 Lha 
 
 1= \ on 
 
 (to 
 
 make. 
 
 We. See able. 
 
 ^de 
 
 j- (?) = little (diminutives). 
 
 »»cule 
 
 "dom (e) = state of being, domain 
 
 of 
 fed (c) = past tense and past par. 
 
 «ier 
 
 (.(/) = one who. 
 
 {made of. 
 to make, past par. 
 little (diminutive). 
 
 I (l) = state of being. 
 
 "ence 
 "ency 
 
 «a^„4 ,7V _ j one who or that which. 
 eni{i)- •j^g.j-^^or ing. 
 
 »er (e) = one who or that which. 
 
 «er (e) = more (comparative de- 
 gree). 
 
 {place where, 
 state of being, 
 collection, 
 art of. 
 
 "escence (1) — state of becoming. 
 
 ''escent (0 = becoming. 
 
 «ess (/) = female. 
 
 «est (e) = most (superlative degree). 
 
 "ette (/) = little (diminutive). 
 
 ''fill {e) = full of, causing. 
 
 pfy (?) ::= to mo,ke. 
 
 "hood (e) = state or quality of 
 
 being. 
 ible. See able. 
 
 «»ic ) 
 «»ical t 
 
 {pertaining to. 
 made of 
 one who. 
 
 science of. 
 
A Complete Speller, 
 
 187 
 
 Suffixes — Continued. 
 
 ^'id (0 = quality, 'pertaining to. 
 
 «ie) 
 
 {e) = little (diminutive). 
 
 ier. See eer. 
 
 ^ile {I) — able to he, relating to. 
 
 «me {]>) = belonging to. 
 
 nraing (e) — the act ; continuing. 
 
 Hon {I) = act of, state of being. 
 
 ^is6 ) 
 
 »ize \ ^^ ~ ^^ ^<^^^^ t^ 9^'^^' 
 
 a»ish (e) = S^omewhat, like. 
 ^^ (to make. 
 
 Hsm (g) = state of being, doctrine. 
 Hst ig) r= one who. 
 ^ ^ite {1} = one who is ; being. 
 Hy f (^ ~ *^^^^ ^ quality of being. 
 
 "'^ive (I) — one who, that ivhich ; 
 having power or quality. 
 
 «ix (0 = female. 
 
 ize. See ise. 
 
 "kin (e) — little (diminutive). 
 
 "less (e) = without. 
 
 «let (e) = little (diminutive). 
 
 Ming (e) = little (diminutive). 
 
 aad\j (g) — liJce, manner. 
 
 "ment {h = state of being, act of, 
 that which. 
 
 "mony (?) — state of being, that 
 which. 
 
 "ness (e) = state or quality of being. 
 "ock (e) = little (diminutive). 
 «or (0 = one who, that which. 
 
 <*ose 
 «ous 
 
 =1: 
 
 {([)= full of, having. 
 
 relating to. 
 ""•ory (Z)= ^ place where, 
 thing which. 
 
 «l)le {I) = fold. 
 
 ry. See ery. 
 
 ^^a or es (e) = plu. of nouns; M 
 per. sing, of verbs. 
 
 ^^Hor^= possessive case. 
 
 ^ship (e) = state of, office of. 
 
 sion. See ion. 
 
 "some (e) = full of, causing. 
 
 "ster (e) — one who. 
 
 "til (e) = state of being. 
 
 tion. See ion. 
 
 «tude (l) = state of being. 
 
 ty. See ity. 
 
 "ule (?) = little (diminutive). 
 
 "iilent (t) = full of 
 
 **ure {l\ =■ state or act of, that 
 which. 
 
 «^wards \ ^^^ ^ direction of. 
 
 "^wise (e) — manner. 
 
 ^y (e). See ie. 
 
 «y (e) = f^dl of, hamng. 
 
 "y (0 {9) = •s'^^e 0/ being. 
 
1 88 
 
 Word Lessons, 
 
 Latin Roots— For Reference. 
 
 To the pupil — The different forms which the Latin roots assume in 
 English derivatives will be found in bold-face type, within marks of pa- 
 renthesis. 
 
 Remember that in pronouncing Latin words there must be as many 
 syllables as there are vowels or diphthongs, thus : be'ne, i're, ag'e-re (not 
 ag'ere). 
 
 (act). See agere. 
 
 se'quus (equ, equal, iqu), equal, just. 
 
 agr'ere (act, agr), to do, to drive. 
 
 alie'nus (alien), another, stranger. 
 
 an'iraa (anim), life. 
 
 an'imus (anim), mind. 
 
 an'nus (ann, annu, enn), a year. 
 
 be'ne, well. 
 
 cad'ere (cad, cas, cid, cide), to fall. 
 
 cap'ere (cap, capt, ceive, cept, cip), 
 
 to take. 
 ca'put (capit, cipit), the head. 
 (cas). See cadere. 
 ced'ere vced, cede, ceed, cess), to go, 
 
 to yield. 
 (ceive, cept). See capere. 
 (cid). See cadei'e. 
 (cip). See capere. 
 (cipit). See caput. 
 clama're (claim, clamat), to cry out, to 
 
 call. 
 clau'dere (clud, elude, clus), to shut. 
 cred'ere (cred, credit), to believe. 
 cur'rere (cur, curr, curs), to mn. 
 dic'ere (diet), to say. 
 digr'nus (dig-n), ivorthy. 
 du'cere (due, duce, duct), to lead. 
 (enn). See anmis. 
 (equ). See o'qum. 
 fa'cere(fac, fact, feas, feet, flc), to do, 
 
 to make. 
 fe'lix (fellc), hajipy- 
 fer're (fer, lat), to bear, to carry. 
 (flc). Seefacere. 
 
 flu'ere (flu, fluct, flux), to flow. 
 for'ma (form), a shajK, a form. 
 fl-an'^ere (frangr, fract, fring:), to 
 
 break. 
 fon'dere (fund, fus, fusa), to pour. 
 
 gra'di (grrad, grade, grress), to stePt to 
 
 walk. 
 haere're (her, hes), to stick. 
 (iqu). See cequns. 
 i're (it), to go. 
 (lat). See/(S?re. 
 lit'era (liter), a letter. 
 lo'qui (loqu, locut), to speak. 
 magr'nus (magrn), g?-eat. 
 ma'niis (man, manu), the hand. 
 mer'grere (mergr, mers), to dtp, to 
 
 lounge. 
 migrra're (migr, migrrat), to 
 
 to remove. 
 mit'tere (mit, miss\ to send. 
 pars (part, parti), a part. 
 pon'ere (pon, posit), to place. 
 I)o'tens (potent), ix)werfd. 
 scan'dere (scend, scens), to climb. 
 scrib'ere (scrib, scribe, script), 
 
 w}-i/e. 
 seca're (sect), to cut. 
 sede're (sed, sess, sid), to sit. 
 
 spec ere | ^gp^^^ spic), to look, to see. 
 
 o?' spic'ere i » *- » 
 
 spira're (spir, spire, spir at), to br^eathe. 
 
 to bloiv. 
 (tain). See tenere. 
 tem'pus (temper), time. 
 ten'dere (tend, tens, tent), to sfrettA 
 tene're (tain, ten, tent, tin), to hold. 
 (tent). See tendere and tenere. 
 (tin). See tenere. 
 traOiere (tract), to draw. 
 tribu'era (tribut), to allot, to giv€ 
 ver'bum (verb), a word. 
 ver'tere (vert, vers), to turn. 
 vooa're (voo, vocat), to call. 
 
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