^fe 1 .OCSB LIBRARY GEORGE the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain^ France, znd Irelatidy Defender of the -Faithj ^c. To all to whom thefe Prefents {hail come ; Greeting : IHuai Daniel Penning, Gentleman, I;.a.b', by i^ijj 5?erittan, i^um- tj(vi tcprtienteD untj Uit, Ciiat \\i i)ati] alveaQn torittcn, anD publlltjeil, feV) era ('^00 Ills ,- viz. A Treadfeof Arithmetic ; One upon Geography ; anb another, intitleti. The Univerfal Spelling Book ; alt tohicl) Ijalie bun licrv mucfj npp20i!eD of: €i)at Ije Ija,^ note, toitl) great ^^flboiir anD <j2rpenr£, iron>:ten anD cam;it[Ei*! a iDodt, intitUti, The Royal IDiaionary : Or, A Treafury of the Engliih Language; in taj^IC!^ t)e Ijas fjaD t\]t Ifuiiaucc auD '^vpmbation cf fcii^ral Icarncti a3ent(cmcn, in order ta render ttje lame a;:; perfect and complete a^ potTibie ; anu Ijatlj tljeccfore moll Ijumblu befonaljt i!.^ to grant him <^nt llonaf licence f02 rlje folc ©rintmtt, ^ubii{I)ing, and J^ending tlje faid IDorli, fo; tfje €erm of l^our* teen r^earii : iBe, being toilling ro gitie all due Encouragement to flDocli^ cf ti'ft' ii^'ature.aregranouflrt pieafcdto condefcend to 10 l^equefi ; and iDe Votljerefcre, ^i tijefe g^refentj^ (fo far a^ man be agreeable to ti)e Statute in tljat ^elialf made and probtded) grant unto fjim, tlje faid Da- niel Penning, ^i^ <Ef ecut02:S, •^dmini?lrat02.-s, and ^ffigni?, >©ur Sonal %U fence for the fole JD2!nting and f»ubUfljing tlje faid iDorft, tntitled. The Royal Englilh Diftionary : Or, A Treafury of the Engliih Language, a^ 5f^clumc 02 Ji^olume.^ taljatfoevier ; o: to import, 2?uit, j^^nd, Utter, 02 ^ip tribute, anl? Copied tijcrcof i^e-pcmted bejiond tlje .^cap, during tfje afore- faid Serm of ^rourtecn ?3car.i?, toitljout tlje €onfcnt and 'Approbation of <!l?-ur ^Jluftoni!^, and tl)c .itiatter, iDarden.i?, and ^ompann of ^tationerjiJ, are to tahe i)otice, tijat due v3bedience be rendered to <8ur J©ili Ijcreiii fjcciared. Given at Our Court at 5/. Juaies's, the Third Day of Julj, 1761, in the Firll Year of Our Reign. By his Majcfty's Command, BUTE. k THE Royal Englilh Didionary; o R, A TREASURY OF T IT F ENGLISH LANGUAGE. CONTAININ G, I. A Full Explanation of all the TERMS made Us e of I N GUKNERY, Heraldry, Hieroglyphics, History, Husbandry, Hydraulics, Hydrostatics, Law, Logic, Mathematics, Mechanics, M1LITAR.Y Art, Music, II. Tracing the Words from their original Fountains. ill. Explaining the various Senses in which they are ufed, fupported by Authorities from the befl: Englijh Writers. IV. Accents are properly placed, to facilitate the true Pronunciation. V. Each Word is followed by an initial Letter, to denote the Part' of Speech to which it belongs. VI. A Geograohical Account of the principal Kingdoms, Cities, &c. of the World. Vn. A Defcription of the Cities and Counties of ^w^/aW and Wales. VIII. The Lives of the moft eminent Poets arid other ingenious and illuftrious Men, who have flourilhed in thefe Kingdoms. The Whole on fo E X T E N S I V E a P L A N, as to unite the different Excellencies of all other Englijh Dictionaries. To which is prefixed, A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF THE ENGLISH TONGUE. ' By D. PENNING, AUTHOR of the Universal Spelling Book; A Treatife of Arithmetic i The Young Algebraist's Companion ; The Use of the G lobes ; &c. The Fourth Edition Improved; to which aie added, the Lives of feveral eminent modern Writers. Algebra, An tomy, Architecture, Arithmetic, Astronomy, Botany, Chemistry, Dialling, Divinity, Gardening, Geography, Geometry, Grammar, Natural History., Navigation, Optics, Painting, Perspective, Philosophy, Pneumatics, Poetry, Printing, Rhetoric, Sculpture, ^ Surgery, Surveying, &c. LONDON: Printed for L. Havves, and Co. T. Caslon. S. Crowder, Robinson and Roberts, B. Collins, and A. Ham ilton, jun. mdcclxxi. [PRICE BOUND SIX SHILLINGS.] TO THE I MAY IT PLEASE YOUR MAJESTY, TH E author of the following work has prefumed to infcribe it to your Majefly, as the moft proper Patron for a fubjed: of this nature. Born an EngHfliman, and glory- ing in the place of your nativity, it is not ima- gined but your Majefty will have fome regard for the purity of your native language. Your fpeeches already delivered in the Senate, are ftrong arguments that your Majefty is no ftranger to its elegance and its ftreno-th. Could the author be indulged one wifh, your Majefty's court would admit no other language within its verge, and foreigners would be obliged to make themfelves mafters of it to render them fuccefsful in their applications, and acceptable in their ad- dreffes. It was fuch a ftep as this that contri- buted to make the Roman language the moft extenfive, and the moft elegant of any in the univerfe. The French, though now fpoken in all the courts of Europe, cannot lay claim either to the concifenefs, purity, or ftrength of a 3 expreflion VI DEDICATION. expreffion to be found in the Englifli ; its fbft- nefs may fuit the difpofition of thofe who are born flaves, but is neither fuitable to the free and manly fentiments of Englifli Kings, or Englifli Subjeds. Proud of the honour of being an Englifliman, and governed by a Prince born in England, the author begs leave to fubfcribe himfelf, Your Majesty's moft loyal^. And mofl: obedient Subjed and Servant, Royal Exchange, July ^, 1761. DANIEL PENNING P R E F A C 1 ■^HE ftudy of languages has, in all ages, been recom- mended by the example of the greatefl; fchoiars and ftatefmen j but the knowledge ot our own language fhould be the firft objed of our thoughts, and the chier em- ployment of pur kifure hours. By thefe means, we ihall be enabled not only to free it from the ruft of barbarity, which cleaves, in fom.e meafure, to all languages, but {hall likewife acquire tafte fufficient to form a proper judgment of the ftile and elegance of our native authors. Jf we take into our confi- deration the variety of acceptations in which the fame word is ufed by different writers, nay, even by the fame author, we lliall find a fbrong obligation to make the language of our country the fubjedt of our meditations, Without this applica- tion, we mufl: be ftrangers to propriety, and blind to the beau- ties, which the pages of our learned countrymen difplay to our minds. The only books which could fuinifh us with any afiif- tance in this literary purfuit, muft be the works of fuch au- thors, who have applied themfelves to compile the various fcnfes, in which the words of our language are ufed. But thefe compilations are not confined to the ufe of the natives ; the inhabitants of all the globe are compelled to avail themfelves of their help, and are obliged to make ufe of them as keys to unlock the treafure of our language. The import- ance of Z)/^/c?j,3nVj being fo great, the public, inftead ot won- dering at their variety, fhould rather wonder that their variety is not greater. As moft lexicographers have had a difierent point in view, their labours have all proved, in fome d-jgree, of general uie ; and none, unlefs the mere copier of a prece- dent work, can be faid to have been ufelefs. Yet, while the different branches of lexicography were kept diilinui:, the public feemed to have been defrauded of the profit that might have been acquired from their cultivation. Neither time, nor curiofity, nor v/ealth, have put it in the power of every one to be mafter of the various Diolionaries which have been pub- lifhed in the different branches of fclence. To unite thef<s; fcattered rays, as it were, into one focus, has been the inten- tion of the author of this work; who is fo far from depre- ciating the labours of his predeceffors, as to own, that, were it not owing to them, this work would have been v/aating in a 4 many Vltl PREFACE; many of Its perfedions. To unite profit with amufement, im- provement with delight, and worth with frugahty, has been his chief aim •, and if the reader attends to the articles which are contained in the fubfequent pages, he doubts not but he will congratulate himfelf in having met with a Didlionary on a more extenfive plan than any that have already been publifhed. Every word made ufe of in the common occurrences of life, cr in the feveral arts and fciences neceflary for the fubfiftence or improvement of our being, are explained, fo as to convey a precife and determined idea of their meaning. The various fountains, from which they are derived, are pointed out in fuch a manner, as renders them intelligible to the moft illite- rate, and the meaneft capacity. The different fenfes affixed to the fame word, are fupported with authorities from the moft celebrated writers. The accents are placed over the proper fyllables, to prevent a vicious pronunciation. And, in order to inform thofe, who are not acquainted with grammar, of the part of fpeech to which each word belongs, the initial let- ter is placed immediately after the word, to fhew whether it be a verb, lubftantive, adjeftive, &c. The principal king- doms and ciaes of the world are delcribed with a comprehen- five brevity, which conveys to the mind an idea of their im- portance, as well as their fituation. As this work, may prob a- bly be more ufed by natives than foreigners, a defcription is criven, under their proper articles, of all the counties and re- markable curiofities that are contained in this ifland. For the amufement of the curious, the lives of the moft emi- nent poets and other illuftrious men, who have flourifhed in thefe kingdoms, are delivered in a fuccind manner. And that the fair fex, as well as foreigners, might not lament the want of a Grammar, adapted to the genius of our language, and fuited to the meaneft underflanding, we have prefixed a ma; Grammar^ which, we may venture to fay, is plainer (if not more comprehenfive) thap any that have yet appeared. A CONCISE AND COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR I O F T H E ENGLISH TONGUE. GRAMMAR is the art of fpeaking and writing any language properl'/* As language is compofed of words, a word of fyllables, and a fylla- ble ct letters. Grammar is properly divided into four parts ; lit, That which treats of letters, or the moft convenient and proper marks or founds for exprefTing words, called orthography, when confined to writing •- and ortheapyt when applied to fpeech. zdly, 1 hat part which relates to fyllables, and treats of their true pronunciation with refpeft to accent and time, is called profody. 3dly, That part which relates to words, and treats of their kinds, their derivations, their endings, their changes, their analogy or likenefs to each other, is called etymology : and 4thly. That part which treats of the right placing or joining of words together in a fentence, is called ^«/^x. To begin with the firlt partof thefe branches, taat is to fay, with orthogra- phy, or the art of writing words with their true and proper letters. This word is derived from e^Gu;, orthos, Gr. right, and y^^ap/,, graphe. Gr. writing. The firft ftep to orthography mud be to know the true found of the letters-, which in the Englifli alphcibet are twenty fix, as Rom: n. Italic. Old Englifh. Their powers. A a A a n a ai B b B b 3 b be C c C € € t fee. D d D d © D dee E e E e € t e F f F f ^ f cir G g G g 03 8 jee H h H h t ij auch I i I I % i i J J 7 j % j i confonant, jay, or jod K k K k li ft kai L 1 L I % I el M m M m 9^ m em N n N n d n en O <JB> a o P P P P # 9 pee Q. q ^ i ^ q cue R r k r a t I ar S f s S fs ^ f 5S efs T t T t € t tee U u U u U u u V V V <v © tJ u confonant, va, e, oret: w w W nv !© Di doable u X X X X •^ >• ex Y y r y i P wy ( commonly izznrd or u Z z z z ^ 5 zed 1 zard, that is/ hard. From the foregoing alphabet it appears, that among the fmall letw.rsf has two forms, the long/ being uCed in the beginning and iniudic ol vvo;di, and thefhcxt /at the end. 2 "i'he- z A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF The letters are divided into vowels, femivowels, confonants and diphtliODes. A vowel is a letter that makes a full and perfeft found by itfelf. A femivovvel is a letter which makes an imperfed found by itfelf; fuch are r, which is founded by twirling the tongue, and / by hiding. A confonant is a letter that cannot be founded without a vowel. A diphthong is a found compounded of the found of two vowels, fo as both of them may be heard. A triphthong is a found compofed of three vowels, as in lieu, C H A P. I. Of the Vowels. THE vowels are fix, njix, «, e, i, o, «, y, A, has three founds ; flender, open, and broad. ^Jlendery is found in moft words, particularly in thofe which end with an t final, as mfacey grace, lane; and in thofe which end in iion, as creation, aba- mination, hejitation, jlalion. A optn, is the a oi the Italians, or nearly refemblcs it, and is ufed in man, tan, father, glafs. A broad, refembles the a of the Germans, and is pronounced as if followed by an u or ay, as in all, fall, call', this pronunciation feems to be borrowed from the Saxons, many of thefe words being foimerly written with an u after them, which is now dropped. The a Ihort approaches to the a open, as in lafs. The rt long, if followed by an ^ final, is always flender, z.%cam,came,fam,fame. The a forms a diphthong only with ; or y, and u or ou, as in gam, plain^ day, may, wherein it is pronounced like the « flender, as in plane. Ju or a-M has the found of the German a, as in cla'w, haughty. E. This vewel occurs more frequently in the Englifh language than anjr other, and varies perhaps more than any other in its ufe and founds. Before a double confonant it is always fhort, us \n fell, dzvell, cellar ,fer pent. At the end of words, it is generally mute, or not founded, unlefs in mono- fyllables that have no ether vowel, as //c, me', or in proper names, as in Penelope, Dcrbe ; or when ufed to foften the foregoing confonant, as in fme, judge, ficge ', or when it ferves to lengthen the preceding vowel, as cauy lengthened into cane ; n.van, lengthened into ivane. But it mufi be obfcrved, that it does not always lengthen the preceding vowel, efpecially in fuch words as were written with zr\f in old Englidi, as gif, now written gi-ve; lof, now written loue : its being added to fuch words was perhaps owing to the change of ^ into i;, which being formerly written liu, with an u vowel, required fome other letter to be added, in order to fhew, that the u was to be pronounced like the 'v confonant, not like the « vowel. In the participles of verbs this e is dropped, as in loving, not loveing ; and nvri/ing, not tvriieing. When the e comes before an v, or after an r or /, it has an obfcure found, which i.s'fcarcely perceptible ; as in hearkin, audible, maffacre. It forms a triphthong with a, as in near ; with /, as in <vie^ ; and with «, as in litu. Befoe a it is generally founded like e long, or double f^, as mdean, or fear i but in great it is dropped, :;nd gives the a the fame found as in grate. Ei ;s founded like ce, as in decei've, feize. Eu i.s founded like « long and foft, as in Eudofa. E, a, u, are combined and founded like u long in beauty, and its derivatives. £,: is founded like e long in people ; like ^ fhort in leopard', and like o fliort, \nyecmcu. /, ii founded long before a confonant followed by an e final, as in fne ; but is ihort in/«. Before THE ENGL. ISHTONGUE. g Before ror « it is generally fhort, as in dirt: it forms a diphthong only with e, as mftld or beUe've, vviiere it is founded like double e ; but infytcua', the i is dropped, and the found ihort. in the triphthongs iuu, adieu, -vie-zv, it is founded like u open. O, is long in words ending with an e mute, as in hone, corrcde ; and this is ftill obferved in compound words where the ^ is omitted, as in corrodin?. It forms a diphthong with «, and has the found of o long, as in moan ; as ic likewife does- with /, which is the only proper diphthong in the Englifh lan- guage, ^% in foil, toil; but in fome words it is mute, and fsrves only to lengthen the found of the /', as in fpoil^ pronouncedy//7t^; bjcil, pronounced' brile. Joined to another o, it forms a dipthong, and is founded like the Ita- lian «, as in boot. It forms a diphthong likewife with u or iw, as in hour, poixier ; but in fome words has only the found of o long ; as jn foul, groiv > inyiw, the verb, fignifying to fcatter feed, to diftinguifli it tromfon.v, the (he of a boar ; in boiu, an iuftrument ufcd in ihooting, todiftinguiih i: from /oa',?, a declining of the head ; in boivl, a round or fpherical body, to diuinguilTi it fjom bo^'l, a wooden veffcl or difh. Ou is likewife fomeu'incs pronounced like foft, as in court, and in cough ; like u clofe, as in could ; and like u open as in rough, tough. It frequently flisuld, confident with analogy, be ufed ia the lad fyllables of words, which are derived to us by the medium of the French from Latin words, ending in or ; thus we Ihculd fpell authour, errcur honour., labour; but not as inno'vators, who for want <• attending to the eenius of cmr language, and from an utter ignorance of our ancient writers, general- ly write author, error, honor, labor; for indeed the laft fyl! L'e of thefe words is neither pronounced as if written or, or ur, but as if compounded of both thofe founds. Mr. Samuel Johnfon, whofe works have rendered him juftly efteemed, for their elegant corrednefs and fublime fentiments, has endeavoured to reftore this fpelling, and it were to be wifhed, that if the analogy of our language will not ftrengthen bis reafons, yet fafliion will give force to his e;i- ample. O, in the plural oi nxoman, is pronounced like an /iJiort, ivomen being pro- nounced <vL'imen; the reafon of which feems to be, that this word was originally derived from the Sa.xon %vifman, or ^viman, which makes the plural ivitncn. O fhort is founded like u, in fen, come, which alludes to the (-iothicoripinals funnam-,cuman, from whence thefe words are derived ; nvcnder'i^ foundedTn the fame manner, becaufe at firil written uunder, from tL-undcr, Sax. but after- wards, when the iu was ufed, o was added to fupply the want of a vowel. U, is long in the laft fyllable of words ending with an e mute, as in ufe, and it retains that found even in words wherein the e mute is fuppreifed, ?s \Xi profufion \ otherwife it is Ihort, as in hut, cut, turf. It is joined with a, e, i, 0, but in fuch combinations has the force of -v or 'zt', aj. in qucTf, rerucft, acquit, requite, anguifi). Sometimes in ui the i lofes its found, as injuia, truije :. it is mute fometimes before «, e, i, and >•, ns in buy, guard, guef, guil'e ; in the laft it feems to be inferted purely to fiievv that the g is to be founded hard. This vowel ends no Englilh words except thou and j«?a, and in other words its found is expreiTed by ue or fw, as in 'virtue, true, argue, nephew. In words that terminate with ue, the u is mute, in imitation of the french, as in pro- rogue, plague, fynagogue, n.'ague. T, This vowel is borrowed from the Greek, and its name from the Saxons. As no Englilh words end in /', wlien / would occur at the end of a word, it is ufcd to fupply its place, as in thy ; it is likewife ufcd before an /, z% dying. It forms a diphthong with a, e, o, and «, as in may, they, defroy, buy ; and is re- tained in fuch derivative words a? contain thefe diphthongs, as defroy, dtfrcyer, . betray, betrayer, pray, prayer, fay., faying. Befides thefe particular obfervations refpefting the found of the vowels, we muft add the following general rules. ' jj^^ 4 A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF ift. A vovvel is commonly {hort in the beginning, or in the middle Syllable of a word, when followed by two confonants, as in opportunity. 2d, A fingle vowel, coming before a Tingle confonant in words of one fyl- lable, is fhort, as in bag, dog. CHAP, II. Of the C K 3 N A N T s. A Confonant is a letter that cannot be founded without adding a vowel be- fore or after it, as m, which is founded im by prefixing a vowel before it; and/ founded pe, by fubjoining a vovvel after it. The confonants are fubdivic'ed into mutes, and femivowels. A mute is a letter which makes no found without a vowel, fuch are h, c, g( «, a, t, z ; all the other confonants are called femivowels. A femivowel is a letter that makes an imperfedl found without the addition of a vowel ; fuch are/", b, /, w, «, r, s, x \ four of thefe are called liquids. A liquid is a letter which lofcs part of its found in another confonant joined with it ; fuch are /, m, w, r. 5, has one unvaried found, is ufed before all the vowels, and before the confonants / and r, as in blame, break- In the following words it is mute, 12V/'/, debtor, fuhtle, doubt, lamb, limb, dumb, thumb, climb, comb, nvomb. C, is founded like/ before e, i, andy, or before an apoflrophe, denoting the abfence of ^, asin ccr-cut, city, cjpLr, grac'd (or graced ; but before a, 0, u, I, or r, and at the ends of words, it is founded hard like k, as in can, coft, cub, clafs, crufi, p: hlic. It (hould be obferved, it has been the cufto.m to add. 2i k io c zi the ends of words ; but as this deltroys their analogy, and renders their etymology uncertain, the moderns have juftly omitted the k. Joined to h, it has a like found 2ii/h, as in church, crutch ; but in words derived from the Greek, it is founded like k, as in che}nifi,fcheme, archatigel; but when arch is compounded with a word beginning with a confonant, it has the found of the Englifh ch in church, as in arch-bifrop. In words derived from the French^ it is founded like/, as in machine, chaije. D, has but one uniform found, and is ufed before all the vowels^ and the confonants r and --uj, as draiv, dwell. F, is pronounced before a liquid, as in ^ame, fright, ana has one unvariable found, excepting that of is fometimes pronouncea like cv. G, has two founds, that before a, 0, u, being hard, as in game, gone, gun j but foft before ^, i,y, or before an apoflrophe, when it denotes the abfencc of ^, as m gender, ginger, gypfy, and Judged i^or J udired. At the end of a word it is always hard, as in deg, bring. Its found before e and i is fometimes hard, efpecially in words not derived from the Latin or French, as in give, get, geldj bepin, and all their derivatives. For this reafon it is foft in giu:.t, gigantic, gibbet, giblet,giles, gill, gilUflo-jjer , gin, ginger, gjngle. In words ending with er it is hard, as in anger, Jinger. When it is followed by u, or an h, at the be- pinnino- of a word, its found is hard, as in guide, guilt, ghofi ; but when g is followed by h in the middle^ and fometimes at the end of words, it is filent ; thus though is pronounced tho' ; right is pronounced rite, and fought is pro- nounced yij'w;/^. Otherwife, at the end of words, it has the found off, as in ecugh, enough ; but the laft word is fometimes founded, according to the pre- ceding rule, eno-rv. H, is a note of afp^ration, and (hews, that the vowel following it mud be pronounced with a ftrong emiifion of brtath, as in hat, horn, ftgenerally is; pronounced in this manner at the beginning of words, excepting in. heir, hirbi hoftler, honour, humble, hor.ejl, humour, and their derivatives. J, This confonant is founded like a fott g, and might very properly be fubllituted inftead of the g, when founded foft, to prevent roiftakes in fb- reigners ; as in jejh THEENGLIStI TONGUE. 5 K, has the found of f hard, and where, according to the analogy of our language, the c would be foft ; as in kept, Jkirt, kmg ; Jkeptic fhould likevvife in Englifh be written with a k, not a c, as/ceptic. This letter is never doubled, but has c often before it, to fhorten the preceding vowel, as in cock. L. The found of this Jetter is the fame in Englifh as in othtr languages. At the end of monofyllables it is doubled, as in kill, fall ; becaufe thefe vi^urds were originally written kille, falle ; but in compound words one of the V% is fupprefled, as mjkil/ul. In fome words it is mute, as in calf, half, could, rwould,talk,fal>n.on, falcon ; could and nvould are however feldom pronounced co^^d, nvoit'd, but by Londoners ; and falmon, falcorf, drop the found of /, in allufion to the French pronunciation of taein, from whence they are derived. M, has always the fame found. A^, has always the fame invariable found, and after an m at the end of a word is mute ; as in condemn, hymn. P, has always the fame found ; when followed by s, and between m and e, it is mute ; as in damn, condemn, tempt, pronounced dam, condemn, temt. When joined with h, in words derived from the Greek, it has the found of /, as \n philofophy, Philip, p v ono a n ccd flof op hy, Filip. ^ In Englilh, as well as in other languages, is always followed by u, and has then the fame found as our Saxon anceftors exprefled by oiv ; as in quai.-cr, quein, quire. But in words derived from the Fiench, it retains the French found, and is pronuonced like k, as in conquer, liquor, rifque, chequer. R, has the fame rough fnarling found as in other languages. In words derived from the Greek, it is joined with h, efpecially in fuch as had the r afpirated, as in m)rrh, catarrh, or rheum. Re at the end of words derived from the Greek or French, is pronounced like^r, weak, as in theatre, metre, tnaffacre, fepulchre. S, has naturally a fharp hifling found, as inffer ; when it ends a word, it is founded like 2; ; zs in hees, pies ; an]s(s in this, thus, us,yes ; in thofe words which are derived from the Latin, asfurplus, rebus, and in adjsflives which end in us, and are derived from the French, as in gracious, religious ; where we fhould remark that the u fiient, thofe words being founded as if written gracius, religius. S has likevvife the found of z before ion, if a vowel goes be- fore it, as in iifufeon ; but that ofyfliarp, if it follow a confonant ; as in rever- fion. Before If mute it hss the found of s;, as in advife ; befcre_>' at the end of words, as inrojy, and in bofom, defire, prifon, and its derivative?, prefent, dam- Jel, cafement. It is mute or not pronounced in ifle, ifland, njifcount, demefne. A iingle/feldom ends any word, except the third perfon of verbs, the ge- nitive cafe, ar.d the plurals of noun?, the pronouns this, his, ours, yours, us, the adverb thus, and words derived from the Latin. Where it would ciofe a word, we generally add an e final j as in houfe, or elfe ufe a y}, as in grafs, formerly written graffe. T, is founded hard before a, e, 0, u, and /, provided a vowel does not fol- low /, in which cafe it has the found ci f, as in falvation ; btjt when /goes before it, it retains its hard found, as in qusftiou; as it docs likevvife in de- rivatives from words ending in y, as mighty, mightier. When joined with h, it has two founds, the one foft, as in all the pronouns, relative words and con- jundions, in all words between two vowels, efpecially fuch as end in ther, as father, and between r and a vowel, as in burthen, in other words, if is founded hard, as in the prepoficions nvith, ivithout, through : and in the words think, thrive, thigh, thro fig, death, faith, &c. and in the adjedives thick, thin. Where it is foftened at the end of a word, an e final fliould be added j as in breadth, th is founded hard, but in breathe, foft. y, has a found much refembling an / foft ; as in 'vain, it being in the lllandilh or Runic alphabet diilinguilhed from/ only by a diacritical point. € A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF J'f'''. It will not be amifs to cbferve, that this letter is borrowed from the Gothic or Saxon, and receives its name, though improperly, from its fhapc, not from its found;, had we retained ive-i, the antient Saxon name for it, it \vou!d have facilitated the underllanding its power. The Latins, Greeks, and ieveral modern languages, have no letter tbac anfwers it. At the beginning of a fyllable, it fomewhat refembles a 'v, as in tvater, but founded rather broader. It is ufed before all the vowels except u, this exception feems to have been introduced when the Gallic uu were introduced, inflead of the Saxon 10, for it feems odd to have three to's together. In the Saxon, u follows the ou, as oficn as any other vowel, as in nvuce, vjund. As we write xu as one letter and not as ////, we might have u after nv, as well as fo.merly ; but being too ilrid imitators of Gallic nicety, and at the fame time forgeiiing the fources of our language, the «, which follows the ^v in the original words, has been changed into 0, 00, ou, and we have d-sme all we can to render the derivation of our words impracticable. At firlt indeed writers and printers were content ivith uu in fuch words, writing nunder, from the Saxon ivundor ; but afterwards thinking a vowel was Itill wanting, even when the -uu were printed clofe as iy, they thou£;ht itncceflary to add another vowel to fupply the feeming omiffion, and produced the word ^vender . Vi'Haen nv is ufcd before the letter ky it is really founded after it, as in ivhen, ivhich, nvbut ; which our Saxon anceftors even fpelt Ih this manner, writing hxven, hivicb, hwal. In ivbore, and 'whoU- Jamr, which are pronounced bore, holcfome, the to is filent. X, begins no Englifli word ; but when ufed, has the found oi ks. 7', is ufed as a confonant before a vowel or diphthong. Z, begins no Engliili word ; when ufed it has the foand of y" hard, as its name exprelTes. CHAP. III. Of Etymology. ETYMOLOGY teaches the derivation ef one word from another, and the various modifications by which each word is diverfified. Words are either primitive or derivative. A primitive word is that which is derived from no other word in our language, as 6a!/. A derivative word is that w hich comes from fome other word incur language, as nji/her, from_y^'^. Words are again divided into eight forts, as Noun Adverb Pronoun Conjunflion Verb Prepofition Participle interjedion. The firft four, njiz. noun, pronoun, verb, and participle, are declined ; but the lall four, adverb, conjunction, prepofition, and interjeiflion, are not declined. Declerifion means the altering of the Jail fyllable of a word. A noun is a general word made ufe of to convey the idea of any thing, or the quality belonging to it ; and is therefcne fubdivided into (ubftantive and adjedive. A noun fubftantive is the name of the thing itfelf, as a mau. A noun adjedlive is a word that exprelTes only the qualities or propetties of a thing, as gooJ, had, ivife. To diftinguiili a fubllantive from an adjeftive, join a verb to it, and if it makes fenfe, it is a fubilantive, but on the contrary, an adjcAive. Thus, if J join the verbye^ to a man, it makes this fcntence, I fee a man, which is fenfe, and (lie word man is ccnfequentlv a fubllantive ; but if we join fee to nxife, we form this fentcnce, I fee a avlf, which being nonfenfe, the word lAjife is confcquently an adjedive. Subllantive- are fubdivided into proper, or common. A noun fubllantive common, or appellaiive, n a word which {lands for an univerfal. THEENGLISH TONGUE. 7 unWerfal, or a whole rank of beings of the fame kind, as man^ hlrti^ rhver, troulf eel, A noun fubftantive proper, is a word that belongs to feme individual, and diftinguifhes it from others of the fame kind ; as Jnne, is a name which be- longs to a particular woman, and is ufed to diftinguifh her from others of the fame fex or family. Number. Subftantives may likewife be confidered as applied to one or more, which is called number, and diftinguifhed into fingular or plural. The fingular number is ufed when we fpeak but of one perfon or thing, as /, thou, he, zjlick. The plural number is ufed when we fpeak of more than one perfon or thincr, as 'we,ye, tkey, boys,Jl:cks. The plural number in Englifh is generally made by adding an / to the fingu- lar of the fub!lanti\'e, as Jfick makes Jlicks, and boy makes hoxs, in the plural. The plural number therefore has no more fyllables than the fingular ; thus boy has but one fyiiable, anH <^»y/ has but one likewife. In the fingular yiz/A^r is a diflyllable, and the plarj] fathe/s is a diflyllable likewife. But when the finguiir ends in ve^ zs, ce, or ge, the plural has a fyllable more than the frigular ; thus cage makes cages, maze makes mazes, face makes faces, and hor/e makes horfes. When the fingular ends in ch, Jh, Jf, or x, an e is put before the j in the plural, thus. Church *1 j- Churches B!u(h / , \ Blufhes Witncfs f "^^'"" 1 WitnefTes Box J L Boxes Words that end in / orfe, make the plural by changing/andy> into 'vcs, thus, Singular Plural - Smgiilar Plural ' Sheaves Shelves Selves . . _ - - , . Thieves Loaf J (.Loaves Calf "7 r Calves Half / \ Halves Knife N makes < Knives Leaf I / Leaves makes Wives , Wolves But the following words hoof, roof, grief d'v.mrf chief handkerchief, relief, fcarf vjharf reproof Jirife, feoff, fluff, and, generally fpeaking, words ending- inj^, make the plural according to the general rule, i. e. by the addition of j**; thus w///makes muffs, and ho^vnzkt^ hoofs ; \iwXfaffm^ks%Pa=ves. Nouns ending in y make their plural in ies, becaufe they were formerly written with ie in the lingular, as appears from Chaucer's prologue of the Teftament of Love, " The names of 'hem in the boke of perpetual memorit " in virtue and pece are written." According to this rule, glory aizk^s gloriss, znA frailty, frailties, in the plural. The following words form their plurals irregularly ; Singular Plural Singular Plural Die ~ Moufe Loufe Gojfe and its compoundi * This plural feems rather owing fo falfefpelHng than a departure from analogy, fqrJhft plural, according to the general rule isdles, which is pronounced much the fameas'</;<,-r?^id the fpelling it in the prefent manner might be in order to diflinguidi it from dies, the third perfon lingular of the verb die. t Feet is borrowed (romfet, the irregular plural of/jc, Saxon. P.-tice\s a contrartion from tenny, plural pennies, pomes, pens, orj>me. A'Ln is borrowed from n:a.i, Saxon, whofe plural ?5 irregular, and makes men. Cbu'd }r Dice* Foot -j r Feetf makes )^^*^^ J°°^h Uakes ) T"''''' 1 Lice Penny I ) Pence LGeefe Man 3 L Men 8 A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF Child tnAke% children, which is an imitation of the Dutch plural. Brother makes hrcthnn, and brothers, which is borrowed from brother, plural oi brother in Jjaxon. At prefent brethren is feldom ufed but by divines. Ox makes cxen, from the Saxon words in a making an in the plural : thus ex/i Saxon, makes cxan in the plural. The following words are ufed in both numbers. Sheep, hcfe, prn, deer, fwine. Deer retainj ^ts form according to the Saxon Jeer, which being of the fourth declenfion, has the nominatives fmgular and plural the fame. S^.uine is a con'raftion ot /oiven ; yet it muft be obrerved, that wheny^-u.' is ufed of the female onl\ , we jTc /oivs ; but when it is a fpeci- fic same, we ufe only/it'/w. Chicken, is ufed lilcewife in both numbers, and formed aftcj- the Dutch manner, chick, plural chicken ; though Greenwood is of opinion that ckickenM fmgular, and chicken; the plural ; yet this feems a miftake, founded on the errors of the vulgar. We likewife izy Ji'veyear, but then ufe it as a compound word borrowed from the S&xon ff gear ; and ten pound from iyniund SRxon, fund in Saxon being of the fourth declenfion, and the fame in the nominative fmgular and plural ; yet it /hould be obferved, that ten pounds znc\ Jiw years is better Engliih on the modern analogy. The following words have no fmgular. , As apes, bellows, bonuels, breeches, entrails, lungs, fcijfars, Jhears, /nuffert, toti^s, thanks, and i<jages. Thefe wordi have no plural number. ift. The proper names of «Vw, countries, rivers, mountains', the names of i-irtitei and -vices ; fpeciric names merely fuch : thofe of-gold, filver, or copper } the names of herbs, excepting nettle, poppy, lily, cole-wort, cabbage, iffc. zdly. The names of Uv^inl kinds of corn and pulfe, as nvheat, rye, barley, darnel, ^c. except btan, which makes beans^ znd pea, peas. Bread, "zvine, beer, ale^ honey , cil, milk, butter want the plural ; but when fome of thefe ftand for individuals, cr feveralforts, they then admit of a plural, as ii-ines, oils. A fpecific name is that which fignifies a whole fpecies or kind, and may be diftinguifhed, in our language, both from its having no plural, and likewife from its never being ufed in the fmgular with a before it ; for we never fay a jiejh, a gold, h\it Jlejh, or gold ; and when a word is ufed both for an individual and a fpecific name, we leave out the article a, when we ufe it fpecifically ; thus we fay a man tvas killed, when we ufe the word man of an individual ; bat man is mortal, or man fell, when we ufe it fpecifically. CHAP. IV. The Englifh Nouns, with refpea to Cafes. IN order to denote the different relations in which one word flands to another, the learned languages have made a change in their laft fyllables ; but as we find no other charge in Engiiih nouns, excepting in the genitive, we may fay >vc have no otlier cafe ; for excepting in the genitive, the refpeft which things bear to one another, is in our language exprefTed by means of certain word« called prepofitions; fuch are cf, to, for, from, nvith, by. Jn Englifh the genitive is exprefled by adding an 'j to the nominative, ac- cording as the pronunciation requires; as the j(y»^'j prerogative; Charleses wain. This cafe is generally dilHnguilhed by prefixing an apoftrophe before cr over the s. The aLlative is exprefTed in Englifh by the pTepoCitiOn with, /rom, or by ^ ifffk.^^ He cut him nvtth a knife." '• Engraved by Strange." *' He rofe *♦ from the dead." C H A P. Male FemalS Kino- Queen Lad Lafs Lord Lady Mafter Miftrefg Miker Spawner Nephew Niece, is't. THE ENGLISH TONGUE, j; C H A P. V. Of G E N D E R. THE want of that variety ofcafestobe found in other languages is an advantage, by which our language is freed from perplexity: but ic boafts Hill of another, in which no other language, but thd Chinefe, can rival It; I mean, that the Englifh nouns admit of no difference of gender. Gender is the diftinclion of fex. Sex is either male or female; inanimate things are neither^ and there* ©re faid to be of the neuter gender. TheEnglifli have four ways of diftinguiCiing the ftx. I. By different words, Male Female Bachelor Maid, or Virgin Boar Sow Boy Girl Brother Sifter Buck Doe Bull Cow tL When both fexes are comprehended Under one word, we add an ad- jeftive to the word to diftinguifli the fex. Thus the word c/ji/d, being ap- plied to both fexes, we add the words male or female; as a fiiale ch.Idj ^ female child. III. Sometimes we add another fiibflantive to the word, as a mari-fr-vani for the male fx, TLmai J -fcrvant for ihc female. THefe words being generally ufed to diftingiiifh the fex of nouns, are applied only to rational ci'eatures. To dlftinguifh the fex of birds, we add the words cock, or hen, as a cock- fparrovj, z. hcn-fparto-Jj . But the common words we make ufe of to diftinguifh the fex are he and ^f ; When we fpeak of the tnclcfx, we ufe the word /y, as a he hear', whea we fpeak of the female fex, V/e ufe the word fpe, as a./ibe Sear; but when we fpeak of a thing that is neither male or female, we ufe //; forexample, fpeaking ot'fno-w, we do not fay, he ct Jhe melts, but it melts ; and when we ufe a word v/hich leaves the fex undetermined, we add // iTkewife. *' Do not wske the child, tt is alleep." Some words, which exprefs inanimate things, and therefore fhould befol-t lowed by it^ a»-e ufed figuratively, and ferving formerly for hieroglyphics ta fignify perfons, are therefore fpokcn of as being of fome fex: thus of the fun, we fay, •' //i.j going forth is from the end of the iieaven." Of the moon, " In borrowed majtlly Jke walks abroad;" — and of ^^t churchy ♦' Sh&^^h. nouriftrtd her children." IV;.' Welikewifedillinguifh the female fex in fome nounSx*^y adding^/} to the male, orchanging the termination into ef ; and this method of diliindioa wehave borrowed from the Normans, ■ei5\n al/bidij/i:; though we might trace it Hill higher, eilhertotheLatintermination/^, ortheGieeki?? z^> '5"^»> {^'v as 7rfo(pr:Ti<;,p>ophetTS, Greek, prophenffe, ^rcn^h, prof Iff e. Old Englifh ; and at prcitnt ft pphttifs. Thus lik^wifc ^urO.^v^, bcfileus, Greek, forking, from (Sx^tMf, bafilis, or ^xffthtaau., baftliffat for the female, which is a queen. Mnle FemaVe Male Female Abbot Abbefs Jew Jcwcfs A£lor ■ Artrefs Lion Lionefs Adulterer Aduheicfs Prince Priacefs, tV. B C M A P; i8 A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF CHAP. VI. Of the Adjective. THE Englifliadjeftiveis entirely undecllned, having neither cafe, gen- der, or number, but being added to the fubftantives in all relations without any change : thus we fay, a goc^ hther , a gocJ moihsr, gsodiihtrf gjod men. The Comparifon of Adjeftives. Comparifon is the adl offetting twoormore things together in themind, inorderto find out their agreement or difagreement; but by grammatical comparifon, we mean comparing two or more qualities, whereby we are able to affirm, that the one is more or lefs, or poflefTed of any quality in thehigh- eft degree ; fo of three foft things, we, by comparing them together, find three degrees of foftnefs, the one hc'mgj/ter than the firfl, and the third th.e J'oftejt of the three. Hence we have three degrees of comparifon, 'viz. t\iC poji live, iht comparative, and x\\z. fuperlaii-ue. Tht pojiti-ve exprefTes the quality of a thing fimply, without any com- parifon included, as Jc/t. Th'ic-Kiparati've heightens Or lefTens thefenfeof thepofitive, anddenotes that the thing compared enjoys any quality in a greater or lefs degree than the thing itis compared with; as this wooVn/ofier, orfheis z fairer womap. The/uptrlati'vc heightens thefenfeof the pofitive inthehigheft, ordimi- nilhes it to the lowed degree ; or elfeflievvs thataperfon or thing poffelTes any quality tofuch a degree, as nothing can go beyond, or equal them ; as ihtnui/ejl ma:), /. f. one who has not his equal, or cannot be furpafled in wifdom. 'Thz comparaU've degxcth formed or made by adding^;- to the pofitive j thus, to form the comparative ci fair we add er, which makesyiz/rfr. But if the pofitive ends with an e final, wc add only r; thus, to form the com- parative oiivife, we add only r, which makes nvfer. This method offorra- ing the comparative we borrowed from the Saxons. T\vef..perLui'i;e is formed by adding ef to the pofitive ; thus, to form the fuperlative of fair, vveadd^y/; which v.\cikcsfaire/}; but, in cafe the pofitive ends with an ^mute, we then only add /r, as weob/erved in the comparative; lor if the pofitive be 'wif , we only add}?, which forms the fuperlative 'it^//'y?. But fuch adjeftives as are borrowed from the Latin, and fuch as end in ain cal OUS ant ive en ent ible ly lefs id fome ry al able in* iiTi ed providing they be words of more than one fyllable, form their comparative by putting mare before the pofitive, and their fuperlative by prefixing //vo//; thus the comparative of certain^ is more cer'ai/i, and the fuperlative moji tcrtain. AhleznA ha^iHfofi:; arc exceptions to this rule, making abler, hand- fomer, in the comparative, and abUjl, handfmeji, in the fuperlative. Some adjedives likewife are compared by ufing better to exprefs thecom- parative, and btft to denote the fuperlative; thus learned, in the compara- tive, jnakes bett.r learned, and in the fuperlative b ft learned. Jjig^ Int, andft, double the lafl confonant in their comparative and fu- perlative degrees, in order to retain the (hort found of the pofitive; thus, ^/^ makes birder, biggejl-, hot, hotter , ho;teJi; and^/ iiiakes_/5"//£r andftteji. The THE ENGI^ISH TONGUE. u^ The comparifon of the following adjeftives are irregular. Pofitivs Comparative Superlative Good Better Bell Bad 1 Evil J. Worfe Worft 111 i Little Lefs Leaft-. This irregularity Gr^^axioodTuppofes owing to borrowing words from other languages; butfurely that learned man could not be igi-iorant that this irregularity is to to be found even in the languages from. 'whence they are borrowed. Thus gccJ, god, or bet', in Saxon, makes b-ettera in the compara- tive, and bcijiin the foperlative. Goo/i, inandic, makes betre in the compa- rati\'e, and bej^e in thefuperlative. ///, the feminine of lUur, Ifl. makes ^.rra in the comparative, and ^jejl in the fuperlative. Little is likewife irrep-ular in the Saxon, as /y.'f/makes l,es in the comparati\e, and li^ft'in the fuperlative. The following words have not the comparative degree ; tniddU^ middle-^ incjl ; 'very, 'veriejl, ■ . . . ; . Some adjc(5lives make their fuperlative by adding ;««/?; thusyQjr^, fron^ the Saxon far o; forma, vmkss/ornier and forems/h From neatb, obfoicte, comes neaiher^ and neathermoft ; but bind has two fuperlatiyes, as hind, hin-^ der, kindenn-J}, and hindmoft ; yet it mull be remembered, that hmdmoji ia not fo proper as hindermoji. Late has two comparatives as well a§ two fn-« perlatives, for from late comes later and latte>' ; la eji or lajl, Moji is fometimes added to a fubftantive, when it implies cojnparifpHj as topmojl, Jouthmoji. CHAP Vir. Of the Pronouns. AS too frequent repetition of the fame words is both difagreeable and inconvenient, we make ufe of feveral words to fupply the place of fuch v/ords, which are therefore called pronouns. A pronoun is a word that may be ufed inftead of a noun fubftantive j thus, inflead of my own name, I fay / ; inftead of your name, I {d.y,yau 3 and inftead of another man, or woman's name, I fay, he, or (Is:, As all difcour/e may be confined to thefe three heads ; ifl;, in fpeaking of ourfelves: ?dly, in fpeaking to another; and ^dly, fpealcing a/'anptherj thefe three heads are therefore called by the name c^ p,rjcns. For, ift, When I fpeak of myfelf, I ufe the word /; and when feveral fpeak of themfelves, they ufe the word ov^ • which words, / and wf, are of the firll perfon. zdiy, When we fpeak to another, we ufe the v/crd thou ox you ; but wheq we fpeak to^morcthan one, we ufe the word ye ovyou : arjd the vvords, tbotf or ye, ape of the fccond perfon. 3dly, In fppking of another of the male fex, we fay be; but of the fe, male fex, we {^y /6e; and {hou\d we fpeak of any thing that is neither x!j. le X\ox female, we fay /^ ; and if we fpeak of more things than one, Jet them ba of the male or female fex, or even of no fex, we always ufe they. The v/or(4s i!efiei.it,2,nAthc^, are of the third perfon. Hence th? Singular Plural 111 Perfon, I V/e ^d I'crfcn, Thcu, or you You, or ye 3d Perfon, He, ilie, it They. All other noans, when fpoken ■;/, are of the third perfon 5 Angular whc-n one only is meant, ai?d plural, when we fpeak of jpore than on?. 5 ^ Ir.4cB4 20 A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF Indeed, though we fpeak only afingle perfon, we aCeyou, which is plural; but never ye. So likewife, out of complifance, we frequently ufe y cur for riiy, andycurs for thhie. We likewife akyou inllead of re, feldom placjagye before the verb, though it be the nominative, or foregoing Itate, unl^s by way ofdiuindioii, familiarity, orconteinpt ; as, ♦' T^ are the men " Again, which is likewife againlt the rules of grammar, we commonly ufe ye after the verb, or a prepofition 3 as, " i will glveje a f|)ecimen ;" or, " I will ** take it away from ye." When pronouns are declined, they are faid to have a foregoing {late and a following ilate. 'Ths/orei^cia^JIati', is that in which a word is ufed before a verb; and the following itate that in which it is, ufed after the verb. From thefe pronouns are derived others, called pronouns pofTeffive, fo called becaufe they denote pofleflion ; from me comes z^ and mifie ; from i6ei:, ;hy and thne; from us, our and ours ; and from you, your andyours. Thefe pronouns are fometimes ufed to exprefs the caufe or author of a thing; as, '* This isj'-ywr doing ;" i.e. you are the caufe of this. Again, " This is my book ;" that is, I am the owner of this book. Thefe pof- feflive pronouns have no cafes. In order to render the declenfion of pronouns, and the proper ufe of them more plain, we have fujoined, from Dr. Wallis, A TABLE of all the Pronouns in the feveral States. fSing. I Perfon \ [Plur. 2 Perfon s [Sing, [Plur. ta £^2 ^ ^ (Z) M H bSi o *J Me We Us Thou or youl Thee 5 Perfons Sing. f. Male. Fern. Prur. Neut. Ye or you You He Him His TheirPofTefiives to be ufed f\ My Our Thy Your She Her It It They Her Thine Yours His Hers Its Their The Intcr- rof^ative Of Perfons Of Things L Who Whom Whofc Its Theirs Whofe rogative 1 of Things 1^ What | Whereof Pronouns are likewife divided into fubltantivcs and adjeAives. The pro-. jiouns fubftantive are,/, thou, he,Qxfi>e,\n both numbers, together with Jf/'/w- ftif. The a," ■^''ves are, hsyjhe^ it, minet iby, thirnt her» I4^hs THE ENGLISH TONGUE. 21 Who Is an interrogjitive, (0 calle<l from ita being ufed in alklrg a quef- tlon ; and is ufed only when we fpeak of perfons. Thii, that, and ivhich, are adjedives, though commonly reckoned to be pronouns, for they arc not put to fupply the place of fubllantives, but are joined with them; as, ** This man ;" " That book." And if they occur at any time without fubitantives, their fubllantives are then underftood. This and thcit are called dtmonjfratives^ becaufc they fhew what particular pcrfon or thing you naean. This makes thfe, iu the plural, and that makes thofe. Which is called an interrogative, when ufed in afliing a qucllion, and a rela- tive, when it has relation to f.ine fubftantive exprefied or unuerflood j as, " Here is the book, 'whi^b (book} you loft." It is the fame in both num- bers, and is ufed only when we fpcak of things. CHAP. VJII. Of V E R B s. A Verb is a word that fignifies being, aflion, or fufferlng ; thus, to I'le, fignifies being in fome pof'ure : tof.ght, fignifies aStion; and to be he- loved, fignifies the pafiion of a pcrfon. Such verbs as fignify merely being, are ejje7ttial verbs ; tliofe that fignify doing or aclion, are acli-^)e verbs ; and thofe that fignify fufFering, are called verbs pajjive. Verbs tb?: fignify con- dition or habit, are called muter. In EngliOi we have, ftriflly fpeaking, no pafiive verbs, butexprcfs fuch verbs by means of auxiliary words. As aftions may be confidered as being paft, or prefent, Verbs have tenfes, by which ihefe fenfes are exprefied. TheEnglifn indeed have but two tenfes or times, •viz. the prefent and the preter time; the verb having different endings only 10 exprefs them. The prejlnt tenj'e, or time which now is, is expreflied by the verb itfelf, as, 1 1 urn. The preterienfe, ortime, called the preterite, is commonly madeby add- ing ^rt' to the prefent tenfe, as burn-ed : but if the prefent tenfc ends in <?, it is made by adding ^only, as lo've., loved. Some verbs, whole prefent tenfe ends in d or f, have their preter and pre- fent the fame, as read, had ; but it is to be obferved, that in pronu.i' iation we make a diftiniftion, the prefent being pronounced long, and the prettr fhort ; on which account feveral authors of note have chofen, fordiftini-.don's fake, to write the preter as pronounced; amongft whom is Bolingoroke, who writes the preters oi lead, and rend, Id and r d. As adions are to be affirmed of ourfelves, to others, or of others, verbs are faid to have perfcns, which are diltinguifhed by prefixing the pronoun* pfirfonal to them in Englifli, as Sin;;ular Pluial I 1 burn We burn z Thou burned Ye burn 3 He or ihe burns They burn In other languages, either of the p<?rfons are exprefied by an alteration made i') the end of the verb; but in Englifli this takes place only in the An- gular number of the prefent and preter tenfes, accordingtothefubfequent icheme, wherein the endings of each perfon arc exprefied. Prefent tenft fingulnr Pvctcr tcnfc fingular Perfons i. The verb (d {^ 1 2, fjl edjl or < dji S- after f final. 2, eth or s ed (_d ^ As the Engliih differs from other languages, with refpefl to its tenfc?, fo it does likevvif*; with vefpect to th*" moodtt B 5 " C H A Pi H A c6MPR£HE!4$IV^ bRA'lV^lMi^k- ®P CHAP. IX. Of M o o D s. AMcodh a method made ufe of to exprefs the manner, pcflibilityi 6f- necefiltyofan aftion, together with the inclination of the agent. In the learned languages, thefe different circumftances are exprefled by the altera-, tions madeintheendingsof their verbs; batastheEnglifli does not admit of fuch a changCj it is evident that it has no moods. The manner in which we exprefs theie circumllancesof aftion, is by means cf auxiliary words, and by the place of the nominative. To exprefs the pcJphiUty of a thing, we ufe can{ to' convey the idea ol r.ecejp.ty, we ufe muft, or ought; to exprefs the lihtrty of thefpeaker, we ufe»;flv ; todenote the indinction, we ufe-u;///, or^ouLi; and to fi^nify eommand, perm'ffion^ entreaty, ov exhort ction ox douht, we place the itubilantive alier the verb : as " f.ght the French ; do / underftand V* CHAP. X. Of P A R T I C I P L E S. As participles are joined to auxiliary or helping verbs, it will be prnpei* (o premife fomething concerning them, that the auxiliary verbs themfelves may be better undcrftood. A participle is derived from a verb, and receives its name ^rom partaking both of the natureof a verb and of an adjedive : it partakes of the nature of a verb, becaufe it fignifies being, doing, and fuffering, as a verb does; and partakes of the nature of an adjective, becaufe it v/ill not make fenfe of itfelf : it fignifies barely a quality, and is joined to a fubftantive as an adjec- tive is : thus, in the fentence, " a loHjhig child," the word Ic-jtng is a parti- ciplCj andfignities aftion, a: the verb /o'z;^ itfelf does : it partakes likewifeof the nature cf an adjeflivc, becaufe v/hen the word louing llands by itfelf, it requires fome other word to determine its fenfe, and when joined to the fub- iianti.ve thilt;!, makes a complete fentence. There are two participles; one of which is acii^oe, and theother/<5^'Z.'(?. The active participle is made by adding 77?^ to the verbj as bur^if turu-ing \ fcut if the verb ends in ^-mute, the e is omitted, as in lurite, nx}riting\ this is called the aftive participle, becaufe it fignifies aftion. The paflive participl;; is made by adding cr/, /, 01 en, to the verb ; as burn^ hurned; Ur.d, lent', heat, beaten. This is called the paflive participle, becaufe when ji,ioed with the verb to be, it makes up the whole paffive voice. The auxiliary verbs are either perfeft or defedive. CHAP. XI. Of the defective auxiliary Verbs. Defeflivc aujjiliary verb is that which is not ufed but in its own, orthe prcrer tenfc;, has no participles, and admits of no helping verbs to be- put before it: of this kind arc d:, tvill, Jhall, may, can, with their pretei* tenfes did, luoul I, Jhould^ might, cculd, or /;,«/?. When do is ufed as an auxiliary verb, it emphatically denotes Caepre/eni time; and did\.\\t jireter. Thus, I burn, or I burr.d, is more emphatical oi firong when weTay / do hunt, or / did burn. Do and did are formed thus j Singular Plural' r I 1 do We do Perfofts -j 2 Thou dofl, or you do Ye do, cr you do [3 He doth, cr does They do j I I did We did Perfons ^ 2 Thou didil, or you did Ye did, or you did l;3Hedld They did ^hall or Will, i Jha'l, thou JJ;ah,c:ycuJhc.ll, heJhalU Piural-, V/e Jlsall, y: Jhalli oryeit /Wj they lha.i. ■ 6 ■ ' 'iitiilh T H E E N G L I S H T O N G U E ij I •uill, thou at'///, OTyou 'will, he iviU. Plural, /?> ivill, ye or jou nvil!, they w 11. To diftinguiihy^^/Zfrom nvill, though they are both ufed toexp-refs fome- thing future, it will be necefiary to obferve, that in the firll per fon /;>«// ex- prefTes a future a£lion ; buc it'/V/promifis or threatens ; thus 1 fljall proceed^ or ixjt Jhall proceed, implies, that our procef;ding is fomething future : but when we fay, /w;"// beat you, or I <wdl pay you, 1 promife or threaten beat- ing, or payment. Again, in the fecond or third perfons,^^i7//comtr,a!^ds, promifes, and threatens ; but 'will barely foretels ; thus when we fay, you Jhall go, we command a perfon to go ; when we fay, you /-«// have your money, we promife to pay a perfon ; and when we fay, he/'^//be hanged, we threaten : but when we fay, he iviU be beaten, they awJrun away, we only foretel fomething that may happen. Shall, from the cid vtxhjhalk, cv ftsaldan, Saxon, mAzn's Jhould, which is thus formed, 1 Jkould, thou Jhouldfi , or youjhould, he JhoulJ. Plural, PJ''s Jhoidd, ye or you Jhould, th'^y Jhould. Wtlly in the preter tenfe, makes nx.ould, from the old Saxon verb <u'pUe or ijoold, and is declined thus, / ivou'd, thou 'wouldj}, or you 'would, he ivould. f lural. We "jjmdd, ye ox you 'would, the]/ <v.'Ould. In order to prevent impropriety, it fliould be obferved, that though both ivould ax\dpoul{zTe ufed to denote what was, or had been to come, yet fwould is only ufed to intimate. the will or intention of the doer ; as, Invould write, i. e. I am willing to write; h\it I Jhould, denotes the bare futurity, or that the thing will be, and the propriety of doing it ; as, I Jhouldwiie, i. e. it is proper for me to write. May is declined thus, I might, fhouird^htejl, or you might, he might. Plaral. We might, ox you wight, they might. May comes from the Saxon migan, to be able, and rrdght, its preter, from might, the preter in the Saxon, / ma^, thou mayd, or you may, he may. We may, ye or you may, they may. Ca:i forms could, in the preter, and is thus declined ; / car., thou canjl or you can, he can. Plural, PFe can, ye or you can, they can. I could, thou couldjl, &c. like Jhould. Though both can and could intimate the power of doir.g a thing, yet they differ in this, that 7nay and might implies the right, lawfulnefs, or poflibility of a thing; as I ?>iight write, implies it right, lawful, or poilible for me to write. But can or could are ufed only to imply fafHciency of power or ftrength fordoing a thing; as, I can write, or, 1 could wrhe ; i. e. 1 had pov\tr lufficient, or was able to write. Muji, which comes from the Saxon moi9, and ought, are thus declined. I tnuj}, thou muJl, i^c. without any variation in the perfons. I ought, thou ought eji or you ought, he ought, <jfc. both thefe words imply necellity or duty. Miijl is ufed with relation both to the future and prefent time ; but cughi to the prefent time only; but ifhav:' follows either v;«y? or ought, they tlien relate to the time paft; as, I ouoht to have done it, /. e. it is fit I fhould ha've done it at fome time pali. Of the perfeft helping or auxiliary Verbs. THE perfedt helping verbs are have, am, or he : they called perfedl verbs, becaufe they may be joined with other auxiliary verbs, and are ufed in mo.'l of the tsnfes. Thefe verbs we have borrowed from the Saxon and Gochic languages. When have is uiti. as an auxiliary, it de- notes the time in which any pafl aflion was done, and is thus declined ; I have, xhonhajl, he htiih. Plural, We ha^-j:, ye hc'ue, they have. Its per- it-^'^kad, ami \z declined after the following manner > I hjtd, thou hadjl, B 4. or f I A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR O F, S:c. or you had, he hati. Plural, We had, ifc. When had\s prefixed to another verb, it denotes that the a*flion is juft part ; as, •' I bj've dined," /. e. the adlion of dining is juil pall, /^a^/denote^, that an adlion was pad before another which was pafl lik.ewife; as, " When Peterc ame to my houfe, 1 had dined;*' ?. c. the aftion of dini g was pafl, before that of Peter's arrival, though paft likewife, Had is likiewife ufed to lignify the time pafl: of an a(5tion not done, bac intt.;.ded to be done ; as, " I had gont thither, but Peter prevented me ;" /. t. the adion of going thither was intended, and would have beep part, had it not been for Peter's prevention. In this fenfe the fecond part of the fentence begins with but, as in the example pro- duced. YVhan Jha' I or -u/'/ is added to have, it denotes the time that is not, but will be pail ; as, " I Jhall have burned it," I w/// ha^fje tranfcribed it an hour hence. As the Englifn, properly fpeaking, have no verbs pafiive, this defefl is fupplied by adding am or he, to the participle paffive : thus in lo-ve, the participle paffive becomes a kind of verb pafiive, when joined with am, as / am In-vid, Yet as am is a very irrreguiar verb, it v/ill no: be unnecefi'ary to add the manner in which it is declined in the prefent and preter tenfes. In the prefent tenfe it is declined thus; Angular, / «.•«, thou art, or yon are, he is : plural, t: e are, &c. or, / he, thou b^'Ji, he be : plural, lue be, ye be, &c. In the preter, we decline thus, 1 'was, thou nxjaft, or you luere^ he nxias ; plural, ive nvere, ye 'txere, or you niuere. See. or I •uuere, thou ~u;^rt, he 'Were > plural, v.'c ivere, ye tvere, they 'vjcre. This verb makes to be in the infinitive ; the aflive participle is being ; and the paflive participle been ie, be'' jl and iicsre iu rt, are generally ule^ after the conju nations if, that, although, &:c. as, if I be then at home ; although J fi-'uU be at hiine ; admi ting that 1 nxiere your trcihcr. Et is ufed after let ; as Lt him he qitiei. The irregular vprbs are fo numerous, that a particular detail of them would take up too much room in this treatife ; but as this ominion is already fupplied in the fubfequcnt fheets, we may be excu!cd for not producing them here. The reader, whether a native or a foieigncr, whether male or female, whether learned or unlearned, may eafily compre- hend what has b'jen delivered in the foregoing pages, a.id be abandriutly guarded by thcrr., either from a vitious pronunciation, or an impropriety of ^1^^' ' ' ' TH E THE Royal Engliih D16lionary. A The firfl letter of the alphabet in ' all known languages, excepting the ^thiopic, in which it is • the thirteenth. It is the firft and eafieft pronounced by children in their in fancy, one of the five vowels in the Englifli language, and has three different founds, viz. thtjlemhr, open, and broad. A (lender, pe- culiar to the Englifh, re'.embles the French e ina.'c"'lne, <jr 'heir a in ^a\s\ as alfo in the Engiiili words, plocs, face, and in all thole wh'ch terminate in at'ion, as nation. A open, like the a of the Italians, .s founded in fci- ther, .Abroad, is ibuniied in talk and ivalk, Jike the au in j aitfe. A is fhort in gla(s i^ni fancf ^nd ir ger.erat'y m-!delon£ by an e final, as plane, or by the addiiior. of an /, z% plain. When placed before nouns of the fmgular number^ i'. Jc-nf-es one, as a To:t\, i. e. one man 5 or fignifies fnmeti-ing indefinite, as, a vmn m.!y pafs this w ly, that is, any man. Belore a word bejj'nning with a vowel, we write an, as an ox, and likrwiie Het'ore an h filent, a? an he-b ; b«r wKfn the h is founded, we thr;, wr.ie .z, a-^ n h "'-:, Before a par- ticiple it denotes fome action ni ; yc ;" ii(h -H, as, lam a walking. Formerly it was a con traflion nf at, as Thomas a Bectcet, f;ir at Eecket. Sometinics it fij;nihes to, as, " a hun'.ing Chloe went," in Prior It his like- wife a peculiar fignification implying Mr'', lis, he gains a hundred pounds a year. In abb-e- viations, with a ftroke over it thus, [ A ] it flood for 5000 among the Romans. With logicians, it denotes an univerfal affirmative propofnion. On the infcriptions of marbles it ftands for Aagujius, ager, aiunt ; when double, Auguft't; when triple, auro, ar^enfo, isre, i.e. gold, filver, brafs. On the reverfe of ancient medals, it fignifies that they we'e ftriick at Argos, or Athens; on modern'', at Paris. Among meiciiani!!, if fet alooe after a ABA bill of exchange, it fi^n'xiits accepted, and is ufed by thern to diftinguiih their lets of ac- compts imiead o( a figure : thus, A, B, C, are inftead of i, 2, 3. a, or aa, is ulcd by phy- ficians inflead of ana, and fignifies that the proportions of the ingredients, to which it refers, are to be equal. In abbreviations it ftands likewife for Artium, or Ar:s, as A- B. artium bacalaureus, or bachelor of arts j when applied to time, for anno, A M. anno mundi, the year of the world, A. D. anno domini, the year of our Lord. A in Mufic, is that note which lies between the 2d and 3d line in the Treble; or upon the top, or 5th line in the Bais. A'AM, S. a ipejfure madeufeofin the Low Countries; which, when filled with common v/ater, weighs 28S pounds, and makes 14S ^. Paris pints ; in Englifh it makes the fame number of pints as it weighs pounds. A'ARON, S. [Heb. a mountaineer, or teaclier] the brother of Mofes, the firil high- prieft o; the Jews, in whofe family that dig- niy W..S hereditary. Al.', ut the beginning of Engliih Saxon names, is 'eneraliy a contradlion oi abhct, or abhan, and fhews that they eitiicr ha-! an ab- bey, or belonged to om;, as Abingdon. AB, S. [Heb. fa iher I thu eleventh month of the civil, and the fifth of the ecclefi- jftical year of the Jews. It anfweis to our July. On the fnft they faft, in commemora- tion of Aaron's dea h ; ontlieninh, for the burning of the temp'-, cf Solomon by the Chaldeans j ana likewife o;, .iLcmmtof Adri- ^n's edifb, by which they w.-:v iv^nirtnid from Jeiufdlcm; andon the eight<.,;nili,becaure the lamp in the fanftuary was thai night extin- guilhed, in the reign of Aii.iz. AI>A'CA, S. [Ferf J an Indian plant in the Philippines, fawn every year, and when gather' ABA gathered Aeeped in water, an<i beaten like hemp. The white makes very fine linen, but the grey is ufed only in cordage. '^«'^',S^' ^ Adv. backwards. Obfolete. A'BACOT, S. a cap of ftate, in form of a double crown, worn by ancient Engliiii kings . ABA'CTED, Part, [yiltaflus, Lat. driven away] Law term, driven away by Health, or violence. ABA'CTOR, S. [AbaBor, Lat.] in Law, one who drives away cattle in herds, either by ftealth or violence, in oppofition to thofe who fleal onlv a fheep or two. ABA'CUS, [Phonic. Habak, dufl] among Mathematicians, a table covered with duft, on which the ancients ufed to draw their fchenies, or write their figures ; hence. A'BACUS Pytki:gorkus, or Pythagorean abacus, fignined a table of numbers ufed for the more eafily conveying tlie fi:!! elements of arithmetic, and derived its name from Pytha- goras the inventor, ABA'CUS, S. in Architefture, the upper- moft member of the capital of a pillar, ori- ginally intended to rcprcfent a fqiure tile laid over a bafket. Its form varies in the dift'ereni ordeis. In the Tufcan, Doric, and ancient Ionic, it refembles the tile its original. In the richeroiders, fuch as the Corinthian and Com- pofite, its fouriidea are arched, or cut inwards v.'ith fome ornament, as a rofe, or a fifli's tail, in the middle of each arch. ABA'DDON, S. [H-b. a deftroycr] the name given in the Revelations to the king of locufts, an infernal angel ; and one of the names of Satan. ABA'FT, Adv. {/Ihaftan, Ss\-. behind] that [virt of a fliip which Is towards the hinder part or flern, including all the fo.ae from thence to the fore-maii, ufualiy allotte.l to the roafler and captain. Sttittly fpciking, the ftern is only the ou;fide, but abaft includes both inf.de and outfide. ABAl'SANCt', S. [Aha^jer, Fr. to deprefs or bring dov^u j an acf of refpe£t paid to a per- fon by a bow, &c. now wrote o/^fi/awce, though cortiiptly, according to Skinner. To ABA'LIENATE, V. Acl. [.t'-aticro, Lat. J in Civil law, to make that another's which was our own before; to tiansfer pro- perty from one ucrfon to another. ABALIEN.VTION, S. [AlaVtenat]o,Lii.] the att of transferring one's ri^ht to another. In the Roman law, the things ^transferred were (liled res mar.apU, the pcrfons capable of f-iirchafin^ were Roman citizens, or foreigners by particular indulgence ; the manner in which it was performeil, was either by weights, ready money, or furrender before a m.i(»i(>r«ic. To AB'ANU, V. Aft. [con'trafted from abandon, now obfolete] to forfake. '• And Vor- " tigern enfo'Ccd the kingdom to ahar.d." Taery S<ueen. To ABA'NDON, V. Aa. \ahandonncr, ABA Fr. from abardonnare. It. to forfake ona's colours, bandum in Italian fignifying an enfign \ or rather from the Saxon ia/ia, deflruftion oi" a curfej to give up, refign, or quit, followed by the paiticle to ax aver, before i fubftantive j to forfake or cafl oft'. ABA'NDONED, Part. Adj. [ftom aban- dcn] given up, forfaken, deferted. ABA'NDONER, S. [from abandon] the perfon guilty of forfaking or deferting. ABA'NDONING, S. [ttom abundo's] the aft of deferting or forfaking. ABA'NDONMENF, S. [abandinr.emenf, Fr.J the aft of forfaking. ABA'NDUxM, S. [/»-;'.'^, Sax.] in Law, any thing fequeftered, confifcated, or denounced to be forfeited, ABA'NET, S. [Heb.] a kind of girdle worn by the Jewifti priefts. ABANNI'TION, S. [abannlm, cor. Lat.] a banifiiment for one or two years, on account of man-llaufhter. ABAPTI'STON, S. [AQaitmrm, from * not, and (Jiir":-.;, Gr. to fink under] in Surgery, the perforating past of an inftrument cil.'ed a trepan, which derives its name from its bting contrived io, as to hi kept from finking into the brain, when the (kull is cut through. To AB'ARN.'VRE, V. Aft. [Sax.] in Lasr, to inform ; to difcover a fecret crime to a magiflrate. ABARTICULA'TION. [from ab from> vinA arf.cutusy Lat. a joint] an apt ronftruc- tion of the bones, by wi)ich they can readily perform their tunftions, and move itrongly and eafily, as in the thighs, arms. Sec. AB'AS, S. [Perf.] a wtight ufed in Perfia tor weighing pearls, being an eighth part iighrer 'han the European carat. ToABA'SE, V. Aft. [al'H'JI'tyyVr.from. f>as, low, or / tjjtty Lat. a foundation] lo hum- ble ; to bring down j to deprefs ; to lower. At fe.i, it denotes to (Irike, take in, or lower a flag, in token of fubmiflion. ABA'SED, Adj. [from abafe] brought down; humbled. In Heraldry, it denotes the top of the wings of any bird to look down- wards towards the point of the fhield, or ell's to be fiiur, A chevron, pale, or bend are a- bafedy wiien their poi'its terminate in or be- low the center of the fliield. ABA'SEMENT, S. [.i'^aiJJhr.ent,Ti-.] the aft of bringing, or ftate of being brought low j deprefTion. ABA'^SI, S. [Perf.] afilvercoinlnPerfia, which takes its name from Sbab Abbas II. tlie inventor. To ABA'SH, V. Aft. [■verhaef/en, Dutch, to aftor.ifhj to affeft with fudncn (hame, or confufion ; to d.>ftl. '* They heard and were a'a/hed." Mn'ion, The paffive is followed by the pariicies at or cf. To ABA'TE, V. Aft. {ahattn, Fr. to beU down] to lefTen or diminifh ; to dejeft, ,or dcpTcls rbe ir.ind. Ja Commerc-s, to lower or ABB W fclien the price of goods either in buying or felling. To ABA'TE, V.N, togrowlefs: fome- limes ufed with the particles/" before the thing leflem-d. " Abated o^ their virulence." Dryd. To ABA'TE, V. in common law, ufed both aflivcly andneuterly; aftively, it implies to beat, or pull down; todtftroy; to defeat, or overthrow a Writ on account of fome errors, or to ftep into the polTefiion of land b:tvveen the former poflelfor, and ins next fiiiviving heir. In the neuter fignification, it denotes, to be J'ruftr-ted, overthrown, or difabJed. To ABA'TE, V. A. in Horfemanfhip, is spplied to the curvets of a horfe, which is faid to abate his curvet?, when he puts his two hind legs upon the ground both at once, ob- ferving the fame exaSneft always. AxBA'TELEM, S. [Fr.] the ccnful's pro- hibition of trading, ilfued againfl: al! French merchants in the Levant, who do not difcharge their debts, or ftand to their bargain, ABA' TEMEN'T, 5. [from abate] the aft of remitting or abating ; the (fate of a perfon who is deprived of a poft ; the caufe of abat- ing ; extenuation. In Law, the aft of the abator. In Heraldiy, fomething added to a "Coat of arms, to diminilh its dignity, and is either by diminution, or reverfion. In Com- merce, ai-aterr.eni denotes the al'owance given any trader in the price of goods, for prumpt payment, when he might have inhfted on cre- dit. At the cuftom houfe, the word is ufed for an allowance made for the damage re- ceived by the goods delivered in. ABa'TER, S. [Lat.j one who abates or allows of an abatemeht. ABA'TOR, S. [Lat.] in Law, one who enters on a lioiife or land, void by the death nf the laft poficffor, before the heir takes pofTcflion. AB A'TUDE, S. [in old records] any thing "dimini/hed. ABATURES, S. [from abate] in Hunt- ing, the fprigs of grals beat down by a ftag in his paflage. To ABA'Y, or ABE'Y, [from J?//y, the letter a beirg added, according to Skinner] in Law, to fuffer a great penalty j to purchafc, or pay dear for. " You Ihall fore al>ay it," Ci^auc. ABB, S the yarn of a weaver's warp. ABB-'vVOOL, S. a compound word ufed in the fame fenfe as the former. ABB'A, S [Syr. a Scripture word, fignify- ing father] " The Spirit, whereby wecry yfi- ij, Father," Rom. viii. 15. At firft a teirn of affe£tion both in the Hebrew and Chaldaic, but at length became a title of digniiy, very much atiedtd by the Jew:lh doflors, as is evident from Thrift's forbidding his difciples to call any man tht'u father upon e^rth. ABBa'CY, or ABBA'THEY, S. [yJlba- :':a, Lat.] the lights, privHege";, crjurifdiiiion «f an abboii ABB AB8 A'TIS, S. in old records, the Rcmti of the ftables or groom. A'BBER, S. [Brit.] the mouth or fall of a river, prefixed to the names cf towns fituated in fuch circumftances. A'SBESS, S. [ahutejfa, Lat. from whence ahiideJJ'a, S^x. and thence by contradion ab- bejfe, Fr.] the fupcrior or governefs of a nun- nery r>f women. A'EBEY, S. {Abhat\a, Lat. ahaie, Fr.] a religious houfe governed by an abbefs whea appropriated to the fair fex, and by an abboc v.'hen inhabited by men. The privileges of thefe places were formerly fo great, that thef were exempted from the viutation of the bi- /hop, and were a faniluary for any malefaftor after the commifiion of the moft atrocioa* crimes. Prior to the Reformation, one third of the benefices of England were appropriated tCrthem ; and at the difiblution of them by Hen. VIII, there were 190 of them, whofe re- venues were between 2Co/. and 35000/. pet annum (according to biihop Burnet) which, at a medium, amounted to 2,8 <; 3 000/. yearly. A'BBEY- LUBBER, S. [compounded of abbey and luhbed, Dan. fat.] a (Jothful loiterer in a religious hou!e, under pretence of fan'Siity and auftetity, •< No huge over-grown ahbej^ lubber." Span- Fryar. ABBO'T, S. \a'iud Qt ebbod, Sax from ah^ Heb. father, abbots being fliled patres, or fathers ; and abbefles, matres, or iriothers] the chief or fuperiorof an abbey inhabited by the male fex. They were at firft laymen, fubje£L to the bifl;op, and had no fhare in ecclefia.lical altair', were men of great plainnefs and fimpli- city, and were contented with the government or their own monafteriesv At length they were allowed a priefl: nut of their own body, and fome of them having rendered themfelvescon- fpicuous for their learning, they were called from their obfcurity, and affe£ted indepen^'. dcncy, which was at laft granted them, after great oppofition. Hence arofe the new diftinc- tion of abbots mitred or not mitred, croziercd or not croziered. The mitred abbots were exempt from the jurifdi(ftion of the diocefan, and inverted with epifcopal authority withia their fevcral precindts, and in England were lords of parliament, of which Camden reckons twenty-five, ss may be feen in Gibfnn's edi- tion, p. 242, The unmitred abbots were fubjeft to the vifitation of the diocefan. Crox'crcd a'ibcts are thofe who bore the crozier or paftoral ftaf^', and uricrocered thofe who did nor. It is likev/ife an honorary title borne by magiftrates, which was anciently af- fumed by perfons who had net the lead con- cern with a monallic life. Thus Philip I. Louis VI. and the dukes of Orleans, were called abbots of St. Agnan, To ABBPvE'VIATE, V. A. [abbrn>;are, Lat. to Ihorten] to /horten by omiflion of the lefs important parts; to abridge; to fhor- ^(.n b^ coatiadlion. Figuratively, to cut fhort. " Our A B D ** Our livei ?rc abbreviated into hundreds and {Cfflf,''^ Br-1U>^^i Vulg. Err. ABBREV iH'riON, S. [!"rcm abbreviau] the z€t ot fhorttii.ng, by dropping fome lei ters ot a word, or iubftituring marks in thei- ftead. Phyficiansxrijke ufe of them both tor fpeed and ivivftery. Aq. mcnth. I'or Aqua ihenihse, mipt w^ter. AEBREVJA'TOR, S. \M>e-viatiur,Yr.] one who (oort. ns or abridges. ABBREVIA'TURE, S. \ahbre^..i2te] » mark ultd for the lake of fliorteiiiMp, as D f(.r five hundred. Figurolivelj', a compeofiiurr,, or abrideeiT.e^it. " An excellent ujhri-uiatuie of the whole duty." Tii^hr'^ Guide. But this is 2 lenfe in wh'ch it is feldom ufed at prefent. ABBREUVOIR, S. [Frfnch, from hrou- neen, Dut. o; Li .. jk, Six. to hoilj a waCeririj: place, now oblclctc. Cut in iVIafonry ftill uleii lor ;he place wheie two flones join, which is filled up with mort.ir oi cement, ABBRO'CH, V. a. \obb,ocher,Tt.Uom cb, from, anJ b'ocLe, a ipit, i. e. to fnatcb oft the fpitj in Law, to biiy up, or engiol's any corr.inodities, in order to fell ihtm again, be- tore they hive bren brought to or expo fed in a market. M ^'. 'Tefb. Ediv HI. ABERf/CHMi NT, S. [abhr^c3ttttr.:un!, Lai. fee To ABBRO'CHj the ad of fore- fl.vllir.e. ABBUTTA'LS, S. [abbuio, c( r. Lat. <ji- ttit^r, Fr. to bound, from ^t^;, f r. a b und or end] in Law, the buttinps or bourdir.gs o! Ian.!?, (hewing on what other lands they are bounded The fides a^e laid to lay bordering, but the ends are faid, picperly, abutting, or abuu'.cing. Cjmd. A'EDA, S [Heb. a ferv^ntj a fcriptuie appellative, or proper name. " Adoiliram Ion of j^hda." I K:r:fs iv. 6. ABDA'LS, S."rFerf.J a kind of furiou? entniifirffts m Afia, who frequently lun about the ftreeif, killing all tliey met. AF.DELA'VJ, S. in Botany, the Egyptian melon. ABrERl'TE, S. [I'rom y^bdera, the name of a fcd-town in Thace] an inhabitant of Abdcra, ajiplied by way ol emphafis, to fignify Democritus, who wss bom there. AbDERl.AN, A.j. ftrom ,4bdea] Abde- r':a:: h-jgi.'.cr, by medicr-l wriicrs, ufed to de rote iiictllant laughter, in allufion to that of Dcmocritus of .'\!>t!cra, who always laughed at the tollies ot mankini. ABPE'liT, S. fArjS.J a kind of ablution, or wafliing, ufed by the Mrh::mmedans, Kefo'e prayer, at -.ntcring their molqucs, or reading the Koran. Ar-DE'VEXIIAM, S. a term ufed in Af- tror.oniv for the V.cri uf ihc twelfth houfe. A'JjDL S. filsb. my fcrvant j tlie fa- ther of Cis, the Lcvite, mentioned zli<tf;/. sxix. 12. To A'DDICATE, V. A. [abduo, Lat.J to ADD renounce, rsf-gn, withdraw from, or volun- tarily to forfake an office. ABDICA'TION, S. [abdUatlo, Lat.] the & whereby a perfon in office renounces the lame, before the legal time of fervite is expired. Ic differs trom refignation, becaufe that implies he quitting the olTite in favour of another, but ihis does not. Thus James IL is faid to h^ve rd'duJ'ed \\\<t crown 5 but Philip IV. of Spain tu have ref.gr.ed it, becaufe he did it in lavour of his fucctflbr, ABDI'EL, S. [Heb. the fervant of God] the proper name of a perfon mentioned 1 ChroH, V. 15. ♦' Ahi, fon of Abdiel, chief of the houfe." ABDITO'PvlUM, S. [Lat.] in old records, a place in which goods or money were preferv- ed in thurclies, or a cheft wherein reliques were depofited. Mon. ying. 173. ABDOTvlEN, S. {abdo,!:en, Lat. froip abdo, to hide, or from ahdo, and omentum, Lat. the caulj The cavity called the lower i/tlly, which contains the ftomach, £uts, fpleen, bladder, and in'eflines. It is divided ir.to three lefs cavities or regions, termed the epigafliium ; the umbilicus, or regio umbilicalis ; and the hypogjftrium. It is lined on the infide with a t.hin, fnft membrane, called the peritonsum, which keeps the vifcera in their places. On the ouifide it is dct'ended by five pair of mul- cles, which nut only preserve the vifcera from cafualtie.-, bu: likewife by their alternate re- laxations and coniraiftionf, prumote digeftion, and evacuate the fceces. ABDO'MINAL, ? Adj. [abdomen] feated ABDO'MiNOUS, ^ in or oeionging to the abdomen. Pauncli-^ellied; unwielay, but now feldom ufed by any but medical au- thors. To AB'DUCE, V. Aa. [ahducp, Lat. to draw fromj to craw away, or move from one place or pofi! ion to another. " ]( weabducexne e-,e upon eilher corner." Brozvn's Vulg. Err, This word ftarcrly ever occurf, unlefs in me- dical or fcientific authors. ABDU'CF.NT, Part. [iTon\ ahduce] indued with a power of drawing, or pulling back. The abducent mujdcs .ire thole which pull back the parts to which they are joined ; when applied to the hand, they are thofe mnicles which are made uie of to open it, when fhut. ABDU'CllON.S. [J'dua:o, Lit. airavr. ing, deducing fromj in logic, is an argument, wherein the major is evident, but the minor i'.ands in need of further proof. Thus in this lyllogilm: "All, whom God abfolves, are need from fm : (which is the major) but Godabfolvtsallsvhoare inChrift (theminor); therefore, all, who are in Chrift, are freed from fin (the concluficn)." The major, that, all ivbom Cod ahjolves are f>etd from Jin, is evident j but the minor, that, God abjoh'es all ivbo a>e in C/jriH, is not, aid therefore ftands in need ot the following piopofjtion to prove it, name- « ly. ABE ly, that God received (zthfa&ion for f n by the fufierings of Chrift, In furgery, it figni- iies a fradure, uherein the ends of the bones recede from each other. ABDU'CTOR, S, [Lat.] in •Anatomy, ap- plied to thofe i-nuicles which draw back the parts to which they are joined. j^hduBor au- rlcularis, or the abduEior of the Ji'ttle finger, is the mulcle which is inferted in the firft bone, and ferves to draw it from the reft, and bend it a Hitle. Jlbdufior Ind'uis, or the mufcle which draws baclt tlie lore-finger, is infertrd ill the fiiit Pone of that finger, and draws it towards the thumb. AbduFtor minimi digiti manus^ or tee drawer-oack of the little finger j already described, wnder the terms a^duBo' tturicularis. The ahduBor mirdm digiti pedi:, er the little toe, is irferted in its fcccnd bone, and pulis it trom the reft. The Abduclor oculi, or abduclor of the eye, is one of the four muf- cles, which rifcs from the bottom of the orbit, and draws the eye towards the outward can- thus or corner. The AbduBor fjollicis, or of the thumb, ftiled likewiie thenar, makes the flefliy body, called by anatomifts, mons LunJe, or mountain of the moon, and drav.s the thumb from the fingers. The AbduB.r />cllici: fedis, or mufcie which draws the great toe, is that which draws it from the reft. ABECEDA'RIAN, S. [abecedarius, Lat.] one who teaches the alphabet or firft' rudiments of learning. " Firnaby was reduced, by his misfortunes, to follow the trade of ^n A!>c:eda- rian.'"'' li'^ocd. Ath. Ox'jn, Now out of ul'e. ABECE'DARY, Adj. belonging to, or in- fcrlbed with, the letters of the alphabet. *•' Jn the Center of two abecedary ciicics, or rings of letters." Biown^ l-'ulg. Err. Scaice ever ufed by any authors at prefent. ABE'D, Adj. [from a contraflcd from at and bed.] In bed. See A. ABhDNE'GO, S. [Heb. a fervant of light] the name given byNebuihadntzzar C;) Azarias, whom he likewife made his minifter, and afterwards ordered to be thrown into the fiery furnace. " He gave to Azari.is the name of Abfdnego.^' Dan i. 7. A'BEL, S. [Heb. frail, mortal, unftablc] the fecond fon of Adam, mentioned Gi.«. iv. 2. a fhepherd of unblemilhed integrity, and approved by the Deity, but w.s through envy iiain by nis brother Cain. ABELi'TlON, S. the licence given to a criminal to defift trom profecutlon. Harris. ABENA'QJJIES, S. the French name for the Owenagungas, North- England, or eaftern Indians in America. ABENAQUi'SE, S. an Indian tribe on the back parts 01 Nova Scotia. A'Bi:.R, or A'BBER, S. [Brit.] the fall, or emptying a ietfcr water into a greater, as of a hrook into a rivr, ti e mouth of a rivar ; hence feveral towns fituated on or near the mouih of riveis generally derive the firft ABE part of their names, as Aber comeay, Sec, A'BER-RROTH, S. f from ^/w, Brit, the mouth, broth, or brofhock] a royal hu'gh, ia the fhire of Angus in Scotland, famous for its mineral waters. I. at. 56. ceg. 36. min, Long, 25. deg. 2 min, W. ABERDE'EN, or ABERDO'N, S, [from Aber, Brit, a mou'h, and Dm or Don, the names of two rivers] the nam? of tv,o places in the counties of Aberdeen or Mar ; the one feated on the river Den, th-:- other Dse, vmd ftiled 0!d jna Ntta. Old Aberdeen is enno- bled by being a bifhop's lee, which wis tranf- lattrd from IVlurflake by K. D.ivid 1. Jn I ico*. The King's colh-ge here, fo called from James IV. is a very neat, if not ftately edifice. The river Don, on which this city is fituated, is remarkable for i's abounaicg in falmon and peJch. A mile fouthward from hence lies New Aberdeen, on the tiver Dee, as it- name imports ; both thefe towns, taken together, form one city, whith furpafTrs all in the north lor largenefs and beauty. It Itands in i fine air 5 its inhabitants are well-bred, and the houfes well-built, moll ly of ftone, and four llories high. The greateft ornament to this city is the Marefcha! college, or academy, ori- ginally a Francifcan friery, built by George Keith, earl-mavfhal in 1693, but enlarged and hesutified fince bythecity. This is the capital of the /heriftdom, a royal burgh, and gives the title of earl to an ancient branch of the family of Gordons. It has a gTcat revenue from its falmon filliery, produces excellent linen, and has a good manufa£luie for thread and worfted ftcckings. It has a great exportation for pick- led pork, which isrepiittd the bed cored, for long voyages, of any in Europe ; and on that account vidtiiah moft of the Dutch Eaftlndia fhips. In the middle of the city is a fpring, called the Aberdonian fpaw, from its being fimilar to that in the bifhepric of Liege, both in tafte and quality. ABERDE'EN-SHIRF., S. [from Aberdetf!, 3-n d fey r, or fcyre, Sax. a portion or province, from fcyriin Sdx, to divide into portion?, or parts] a county in the middle dlvifion of Scotland, bounded on the (wv.ih with part of Angus and Merns, or rather with the river Dte and the Grandbains; on the N. W. by part of B.inift" {hire ; on the N. by part of Murray j on the E. by the German ocean j and on the W. hy the river Spey, and part of Badenoch ; being in length, according to Templeman, 73 rr.iles, but 46 only accord* ing to Gibfon's Camden; in breadth it is zZ, and in area 1 179 fquare miles. The foil pro- duces corn, particularly barley, rye, and oat3, in great plenty. The hilly parts abound in eagles, and are covered with firs and oaks. It ha-: quarries ofviriegated marble, lime-flone and ftjte. Its livers yield muHVIs, containing large pearls of a tolerable g.od colour ; the winters are more gen'le than could be e«- ABE A B I ftliei ; and It has fprings of alum-wafer, sndfare mafters of all its b?.ys and ports. eins of flonc, from whence alum boils ABERFRA'VV, S. [Abcr. Brit, a mouth, and Fraw, the river's name] a fmall village in Anglefea, N. Wales; formerly the royal feat of the kings of Guynedh, or N. Wales, thence ftilcd kings oi Aberfranu, The refloiy is in the gift of the prince of Wales. ABE'RRANCE, or ABE'RRANCY, S [Aberro, Lat. to wander from the right wayj a deviation from the truth, an error, miflake, or falfe opinion. " Alter the crafis o'i his nnderftanding, and render it as obnoxious to oberrances, as now." Ghniilk^t Seep, Sclent. This term is not ufed at prefent, ABE'RR ANT, Part. [Aberram, Lat. wan- dering, from aberro\ deviating from the right, or common way. ABERRA'TION, S. [ahmauo, Lat. a going out of the way] the aft of departing from the common track. " There is no hsrefy in fach an aberral'ion.^' Glani'ilU Sett. Scisrt, This word is ufed by prefent writers but very feldom. In Aftronomy, it implies a fmall ap- parent motion of the fixed ftars, difcovered by Dr. Bradley, owing to the prr^grefiive motion of light, and the fenfible proportion which the velocity thereof bears to the velocity of the annual motion of the earth. Thefe fmall ecliptic motions of the ftars occafon their de- cb'nations and diftances from the poles of the world to vary jo min. and a half on one fidt cr the other. ABE'STA, S. fArab. J in Perfan antiqtli^y, ene of the facred books of the Magi, afcribed to Zoroafler their founder. To ABETT, V. Aft. f^^Vr, Sax. Bo teren, Tent, or Boten, old Eng. to kindle or blow In the fame manner as a fire] to fupport,' encocrage, or help. " It is well known, they fibettciihoih parties In the civil war." Aiid'f. Freehold. No. aS. To ABE'TT, V. Aft. In Law, to aid, in- cite, advife, encourage, or fet another on. ABE'TTMENT, S. the aft of fitting an- other on, or encouraging him to the commif- £on of a crime, ABE'TTER, or ABE'TTOR, S. ^Uom *hett\ the perfon who encourages, fupports, or fiirs up, " Whild this fin of calumny has two fuch potent ^if'rari." dyienim. ifthi Tcr.^ue. In Law, oncwhoimligates, encouiaees, or fets another on to the commiflion of fomething criminal, or affids in the performance of it. There are abettors in felony, but none in trea- fon, becaufc the law deems all concerned in treafons to be principals. ABEYA'NCE, S. [/■"«)'«'', Fr. to gape after, to expe£l, or long for] in Law, a thinp not in pofFeffion, but in reverfion or expcftation, A'BEX, or HABE'SH, S. [Arab,] a nar- jfw traft or flip of land, on the weftern or African fhore: of the Red-fea, formerly a part »! Upper Ethiopia, and fubjcft to its emperor; j hope, deprived of coififoi l»t iiijie conijucred bjf the Turks, who nvce To ABHO'R, V. Aft. {abb^rreo, Lat. te deteft] to rejeft with a ftrong and violent aver- fion ; to detefl with great loathine. ABHO'RRENCE, ABHO'RRENCY, S. fthe firft ufed by the beft Englifh writers, from abh-,r\ a paflion of the mind, arifing on the contemplation of any thing entirely difagree- aLle, viricus, and worthy of its hatred. ABHORRENT, Part, and Adj. [from abhor] exerting the pafjlon of a ftrong averfion, or abhorrence ; ufed with the particles to and iiiiih ; and when joined with the former, im- plies fomething contrary to, incompatible, or inconfiftent with. *' Abhorretit toy out func- tion." Dryd. Don. Sebaft. A'BIB, S. [Hcb. green fruits, or ripe ears of corn] the firft month of the Jews eccle- fiaftical year, anfwering to part of our Mjrch and April, and derives its name from the ma- turity of corn, which afed to be on that month in Judea ; at firfl it was named Nifan, and be- fore the Jews left Egypt, was reckoned tha (eventh ; but afterwards by the command of tha Deity, in the ecclefiaf^ical accognt, reckoned the firft. In this month, the patfovsr was celebrated by the Jews in commemoration of their leaving Egypt. " Ye came out in the month .'\bib." Exod. xiii, 4. To ABI'DE, V. N. [ahidan, Sax. to ftay, preter. abode and abid; particfp. prtf. abidirg^ To ftay or remain in a place j to continue in the fame ftate without alteration; to diflika being with, or to have an averfion to, Figu- ratively, to endure, or fupport, ufed with the particle w'i'fj, before a perfon, . and at or in, before the name of a place. " The ark of God (hall not abidi with us," 1 Sam. v. j. " Abide at the door of the tabernacle," Le-v. viii. 35. " If ye o^jVf m this land," j'fr. xliii. 10. When followed with bj, it fignifies to fupport, ftand by, confide in, or rely upon : and in common converfjtion, to fecond or fup- port a pprfon. But this is a fenfe fomewhat low. By Chaucer and Pope, it is ufed for re- frain, oruifTer. '' Calamitous relhzint abides." Pope^ Odsjf. Aftively, it denotes to wait for, to expeft, or await, " Bonds and affliftious abide me," Acii xx, 23. ABI'DING, S. [from ah]dt\ a permanent ftate, or continuance. " Our da. s are as (ha- dowf , .'-nd there is no absdirg," iChron. \7.ix. I ?. ABIDING, Part. pref. [from abide] fixed, fettled, permanent, " No abiding; place. Ap- plied to Qoftrine, it denotes its leaving ftrong and lafting imprcrTions on the undcrft.anding, " His word abidir-g in you." ABjE'CT, Adj. [Abjeaas, Lat. Part of a'^'/icio, to throw away, as of no value] When applied to perfons, mean, low, or bafe ; whea fpoken cf things and aftions, contemptible, worclilefs and defpicable; when ufed of con- dition, miferable, forlorn, wretched, void ©f Alii abandoned to ABJPCT, AB J ABJE'CT, S. [from ahjeaus, Lat.] a per- fon in the extremities ot poveriiy ; in the greateft infamy 5 in the loweft abyfs of bafe- nefs, and void both of confcious integrity, or icputed honefty. To ABJE'CT, V. Aa. {abjic'io, Lat. to cafl away] to reject with difdain, fcorn, or contempt ; to throw away as of no worth. A word feldom ufed, and void of any good au- thority among modern writers. ABJE'CTEDNESS, S. [compound o^ ah- jeiled and ticfs, from the Goth.' N. S, which implies abflradionj the ftate or condition of sn abjeft perfun. ABJE'CTION, ABJE'CTNESS, S. [ab- jeSi'w, Lat.] a bafe, fervile, mean difuofi- tlon. ABJE'CTLY, Adv. [fiom abjeE}} in a mean, bafe, fervile, contemplibie, or defpica- ble manner. ABIE'NA, S. [aheo, Lat. to go out] fpelt Jikewife yibeona ; a goduefs, fuppofed, by the Romans, to pioteft adult perfons in their go- ing out of doors, and render their departure from home, either profpcrous or unfuccefs- ful. AEIGA'IL, S. [Heb, Father of joy, or the father's joy] a woman of great per- fonal charms, who by her eloquence and •beauty, diverted David's aneer from her firft hufljand Nabal, and fo captivated him, that when Nabal died he married her, i Sam. XXV, 3 XXX. 5. ABIGE'AT, S. [from ah'igo> to expel by force] ufed, by medical authors, for an abor- tion procured oy art, now obfeiete. ABI'LITY, S. [of habiUte, Fr. of ahaJ, Sax power] In the fingular, power fufficient fur the performance of any thing, whether it require wealth, underftanding, or ftrength. In the plural, abilities, peculiarly the powers or faculties of the mind. " We find our abi iities too weak for the performance." Rogers'' Serin. ABi'MELECH, S. [Heb. my father the king, or the greateft king] a king oi Cerar in Philiflia, about the year of the world 1086, famous for his detention of Abraham's wife. ABINTE'STATE, Adj. [ofaiand inyf- tatiu, Lat. one who leaves no will behind him] in Civil Law, one who inherits the eftate of another, who died without a will. ABI'SHERING or ABISHE'RSING, S. [hfjhatextn, Teut. to fine] in ancient records, a liberty, or free.iom from ameiciaments; and alfo to have thofe of others within one's fee. ^ ABJURA'TION, S. [ahjurath, Lat.] in a generul fenfe, the aft of renouncing or de- nying with an oaih j among the Romans, the denying of a debt or depofite by a falfe oath. In a more reflrained and modern fenfc, a fo- lemn recantation, . or rmuflciatioa ot fom<- f erfon, doftrine, or thing. . A B L Oath 0/ ABJURA'TION, is that which i» taken by all perfons matriculated in upiverfi- ties, by thofe admitted to fcholarfhips, fellow- Ihips, headlhips, holy orders, or ports in ths government : it confifts ii renouncing upoa oath every title or claim of the pretender and his heirs to this crown. In Law, it fignifies a fworn banifliment for life ; for if a man com- mitted felony, and fled to fome church-yard, on confefiion of his crime to the coroner, he was admitted to his oath of abjuring the king- dom, and freed from further profecution. But by the fiatute 21 "Jac. I. all ufeof fandtuaries being taken away, this kind of abjuration ceafed. To ABJURE, V. Aft. [abjurer, F. of abjurare, hat.] in a fecondary fenfe, to quit or abandon, in allufion to the neteffity of their quitting the realm, who had taken this oath ; to call ofF, and hav- no conneftion with. " Abjure for ever the fociety of men." Shakef. To retraft, renounce, or recant an opinioa upon oath. 1 ABLA'DIUM, S. [obfolete] corn mowed and reaped. To ABLA'CTATE, V. Aft. [abla^fo, Lat. of ab, negative, and lac, Lat. milk] To wearj from the bread : in a fecondary ie.n(t to leave off a thing which is become habitual j a word feldom ufed, ARLACTA'TION, S. [AblaBatio, Lat.] the aft of weaning a child ; metaphorically, the quitting an inveterate habit. Seldom ufed by modern writers. In gardening, a method of grafting, wherein the cy»n of one tree is united to another by degree?, and then cut off or weaned from its mother flock. In modern gardening it is called inarching, or grafting by approach, and is prafticable only when two trees are fo near, that the cyon of one may be applied, without cutting off, to the ftock of another. ABLA'QUE, S. \Ablaque, or la foy ablaque, Fr.] the Ardalfine filk, which comes lron> Perfia by way ol Smyrna : though very fine and little inferior to the Sourbaftis, it is feldom ufed in the filk manufjftures at Lyons and Tours, tecaufc it will not bear hot water in the winding. ABLAQUEA'TION, S. [Abhqucatio, Lit. of ab, from, and hiqutus, a dirchj in Garden- ing, the digging away the mould from the roots of treer, that the fun, air and rain may operate upon them, and recover their loft, or improve their prcfent fecundity. AE'LATIVE, Adj. [ablativus, Lat. tak- ing .Tway] in Latin Grammar the fixth cafe: it is peculiar to that Lingt^^ge, and therefore ftiled by fome the Latin cafe. This is oppofcd to the d.itive, becaufe that implies the aft of giving, but the ablative that of taking. In Englifh we ufe the term only in allufion to itj force in the Latin, our nouns having properly fpcakins no fuch cafe. Thus in this fentence, " Of A B L ABO ** 0/ rr'.?n's firfl cifobedience and the fruit — j mote thedlgeftlon of thehoft. And islikewjfj Of thst forbidden tree." I'ar.l.oft. ©/"^jn'si made ufe of to fignify what the prieft wafhes jirji difohedience is ternned ibe ablative, and Of that Jorbiiiaei tree the genitive, becaufe they would be rendered by thofe cai'es in Latin. A'BLE, Adj. [abal, Sax. ftrength, power, or fortitude] endued with, or having power fufficient j metaphorically, great powers arifing from knowledge or wealth, " He was ferved by the aW^ tnen." Bacon s Hen. VIU. When joined witbybr, it implies qualified. " Able for utterance." Wilkin^, Matbtvi. Mafic. ABLE-BODIED, Adj. [compounded of able and bciiy\ (frong in body. ABLE'CTI, S. [of fl^,Lat. from, and leBus, LsT. chofen] in Roman antiquities, a felefl body of foldiers chofen out of the Extraordi- narii. To AB'LEGATE, V. Ad. [ahkgo, Lat.] to fend abroad upon an emb^fTy, or other public emplov ; figuratively, to lend a perfon, one is tired of, out of the way. This word is not fqpported by the ufe of any good modern writer. ABLEGA'TION, S. [from ablegate,^ the aft of fending, or the ftate of a perfon fent a- broad, or out of the way. A word which wants authority. ABLE'GMINA. S. [of a^, from and lego, Lat. to cliufej in Roman sntiqultieF, choice parts of the entrails of viflims. A'BLENESS, S. [fiom able] fufficient power, or capacity to do a thing; ability of mind or body. " Both for comelinefs and sbu'refs," Sidney, Inftead ot the word modern writers ufe ability. A'BLEPSY, .S. [aCXE^.a, Or. not feeing] want of fight 5 figuratively, inadvertence, unadvifednefs, or ralhnefs. To A'BLOCATE, V. Acl. {abkco, Lat.] to let out to hire ; fpoken properly of one, who is hired himfclf. Cahins Lix. "Jud. Seldom ufed. ARLU'ENT, A.ij. \abluo, Lat. to waft ofF or away] that which ws/hes clean, or cleanfes, y!?Wafnr medicines are fuch as d'lute, diiTolve, and carry off the acrimonious falts lodged in any psrts of the body, ftilcd mere properly detergents : which fee. ABLU'TION, S. \ablutio, Lat.] The aft of cleanfing, or walhing clean, in i;s primary feme. In its fecondary, what is left after the aft of wafhing. Ablution was a religious cere- mony praftifed by the ancient Romans before they began to facrifice, which they probably borrowed from the Jews ; for whom Solomon made a great laver, or brafs fea, wherein the priefts ufed to wafli themfelves before tliey of- fered facrifice, having firll fanftified the water by throwing in the aflies of a viftim that had been flain for the facrifice. The Mohamme- dans retain this ceremony with religious fcru- puloufnefs. In the Roman church the word is ufed for a fup of wine and water not confecrat- ^; given by the ptiefl to walh dov/a, and pw- his hands with. In pharmacy, ablution de- notes the preparations which divers medicines undergo, to dsanf's them from their impuritief . In phyfic, the wafliing the external parts of (he body by baths, or the internal, by thin diluting fluids. In chemilVy, the wafhing or infufing certain mtdicines in water, to frefhen them and diiTolve their falts. See DULCI* FYING. ABLY'ING, Part, [abal, Sax. power] communicating fufficient power for the per- formance of any particular aftion. Bailey hom Chaucer : A word now obfolete. To ABNEGA'TE, V. Aft. [abnego, Lat.] to deny. , ABNEGA'TION, S. [Abregatio, Lat.] a poliiive and abfolute negation, or denial of a thing. With divines, the renouncing our pa£- fions, interells, and lufls j being fynonimous to filf-denial. A'BNER, S. [Heb, the father's candle] the fon ot Ner, and general of Saul's forces, to whom he introduced David after his llaying Goliath the g^ant. His fidelity to Saul's houfe is reprefented in ftrong terms by the facred pages : but meeting at length with abufe inftead of gratitude from IHibo- fheth, he quitted his party ; and as he was re- turning from making fome overtures to David, was treacheroufly killed by Joab, David's ge- neral, in rever.ge for the de<ith of Afahel his brother, i Sam. xvii. 57. xxvi. 15. 2 Sam, ii, and iii. To A'BNODATE, V. Aft. [o( ab nega- tive and nodus, a knot] to cut off the knots of trees, ABVODA'TION, S. {abnodatio, Lat.] in gardening, the pruning away knots, knobs, or other excrefcences from trees. ABXO'RMITY, S. [abnormitai, Lat.] ugiinefj, deformity. A word of no ufe, or authority, perhaps coined by Bailey. ABNO'RMOUS, Adj. {a'-nomiii, Lat.] irregular, in fhape deformed. Seldom occurs in good authors. ABO'ARD, Adv. [from a implying on or in, and bcrd. Sax. a houfe. A fhip being by the Saxons termed a vvater-houfe] a fea-term, in a fhip. " Called to them that were ^^o/i;-^.'* Faer'^' ^ In gaming, it is ufed to imply that the fide which at nrit was lefs, is equal to the other. AEO'DE, V. Neut. [the preter. o( abide] remained, continued fome time, ABO'DE, S. [dom abide] theaftofftay- ing any time, or continuing in any place, when joined to the word maie. Figuratively, the place wherein a perfon flays, continues, or wells. " I know thy abode" z Kings xix. To ABO'DE, V. Aft, [bod^ian. Sax. to foretel] to prefage, fhew, or threaten a thlnj; before it happens 3 to foretel. It is uf«d both ABO in a good of bad fsnCc. " This tempen: ahodcd a fuddtn b'-eich." Shakefp. Hen. VI If, ABO'DEMENT, S. '[uoni a'odi] a fairret irnpreflion of the mind, anticipation, or p:e- fage of fomethin^ future. " y^bodemems inu{k not fright us." lie/:, VIII. ABO'GEN, Part, [a.''o^e, Sax. from /rhoo- Fijn, Sax. to benti] bowed ; :'n obfolete word. To ABO'Ll^H, V, Aa. [abolir, Fr. from ttbolco, Lat. to blot out] to deftroy. pigiirativs- ly, to annihilate. " Wih tliou xiiyi^li abolifi thy creation ?" Par, L'fl. j ABp'lJSHAELE, V. Aft. {irom abci;fl:\ and ah'.i. Sax. powtrj that which may or can bt: aboii/hed. ABO'LISHEK., S. [from abcUJJil the thing or perfon which abolfhss. AEO'LISniNG, Part, [from uboUfi] that which annuls, repeals, or defiroys. " The (tbci'ijhing c\iu(c of an att." ABO'LISHMENT, S. [(torn abi'lfi'] the aft or daufe oi'abolifhlng. This term is now changed for the word ABOLITION, S. [ahoH.io, Lit. nowufed inftead o^ aboliJhmcnt\ the afl of deftroying. ]n common law, the repealing any law or flatute; in civil law, the leave given to defift from luthcr profecuiion 5 in met3,^hyfics, aa abfulate dtllruftioii. ABOMa'SUS, ABOM A'SUiVr, S. [Lat.] the maw, or lad of the four rtomnchs, in ru minating animals, wherein the chyle is form- ed ; and in calves, wheiethe reaneL is found, which is made ufe of to curdle milk. ABO'MINABLE, Adj. [from Mnlnabl- lis, Lit. J thit excites horror, joined with averfion and detefiation. In converfation,^ this term is ufed to convey an idea of fome- thing fuperlativc. ^' Ahominabk unclean," is fomething fuperlatively fo. ABO'MINABLENESS, S. [from abovd- rabilii, Lat.] the quality wliicii renders any ihinc odious ABO'MINABLY, Adj. [UomahpKimHi] extremely, fuperlatively, in an illfenfej and a word of low lant^uage. '' Cheat you inoit dbcminably.'''' Jlift. c-fji'. Bull, To ABOTvIlNATE, V. Aft. [^/-r;/?.-/, Lat.] to abhor, deteft, or h 've any ctreme averfion to. " Abominate and deipife all my- ftery." GiiUiv, ABOMINATION, S, [from abonrnath, Lat. or ab'j7K!natc\ an objeft cauiing extreme aveifion. W.hen ufed with the .uxiliary verb to hai'.\ followed by the particle in, to reckon, or. look upon as an objeit of deteflaiion. As idolatry and idols are objefts of the divine avetfion, they are therefore figuratively ex- frefl'cd by this word in fcripturc ; " Aftitorejh, the tit!)j3.'V.V!C,'5/;*of the. Set.'" z Kings xxxW. 15. ABORi'GlNES, S. [of ab negative, rai crigo, Lat. a fourc?, or bep,".ning] the . ncient innabitants 01 a Country, whole or gin is un- knov.n. ABORTIO>L S. [ubirtio, Lat.] a ir.if- A B earring?, or ths exclulion of a child from th» womb before the due time of delivery : in ir- rational :^nimals, it is termed flinking or ceil- ing their young. Abortion is produced by c.iufes immediately affefting the child or the mother ; v/ith refpeft to the child, whatever occafions its death caufes abortion ; with re- fpeft to the mother, immoderate evacuations, fudden paflions, frights, dillemperj, either acute or chronical, lifting too great a weight, flraining in order to fpe.'k loud, a difagreeable fmell, the heavinefs andlargenefs of the foetus, irritation of tlie womb, relaxation of the pU« centa, weaknefs and want of notirilhment ia the fcetus, excefs of eating, fafting, or w.itch* ing, the ufe of bufrcs, and every thing which tends to promote th; menfes. Abortion is dan- gerous, when the time of pregnancy is far ad- vanced ; where the caufe is violent, the patient convulfed, large haemorrhages precede, or the fcetus is putreiied. By the figure metonymia> wherein tiie caufe is made ufe offer the etiectj this term is ufed for the fostus thus expelled ; " The abortion proved only a female fcetus." In gardening, the wordfignifies fuch fruits a8 are produced too cjrly. ABO'RTIVE, Adj. [abcrtivus, Lat.] that which ic brought forth before its time ; figu- ratively, any thing or defign which mifcarries, is fruftrated, or comes to nothing, ABO'RTIVE, Adj. [from ab, a negntiv?, and ort;is, a rifing] that which one cannot rifa iVorn. '•' Plunged in that ab:rti-vc gulph." Par. L'jjl. B. ii. 451. This is an unufual ac- ceptation, and, as far as we knov/, to be meC with only iii the author jufl produced. -■' ABO'RTIVE VELLUM, S. [compound word] vellum made with the /kin of aa abor» tive calf, ABO'RTIVELY, Adv. of quality, or the manner, [(rovci ahorti'-je zni Ij ; thofeacj;c- tives which end in this fyll :ble,which anfwers to tlie Sax. lie, or lia, denote the fame qua- lity or manner, as the adjeftives from whence thev are derived] born b£.''ore the due time. ABO'RTIVENESS, S. [from abortit'sj the ll^ate of abortion ; fig\na.iiyi\y , want ot' fuccefs, difjppointment, ABOO'T, Part, [a corruption o? abazL-:d\ caft down, dcjefted, daunted. " She was abafhed, and ahoot," Cr^auc, fol. 340. p. !• C, i. n<nv obfolete. ABO'VE, Prep. \B:ip^n, Sax ] higher in plice, or pofition ; before nouns of time, it denotes more, or longer thin ; figuratively, il fignifies fupericriiy, or higher in rank, power, or excellence ; 1 kev/ife beyond, or more than. " We are prelfed out of meafurc, abovs flrength." 2 Cr. i. S. When joined with th^ word rt\:fo;:, it denot::s a difproportion between the objeft and oui' intelleftual faculties, and its not being difcoverable by the esercife of them. Whea ufed compartivcly, it implies^ prefer3''.le'trt, ABO'VE. Adv. [this is'diflinsuiflisd ffons ABO the prep, by ihs manner in which it is ufed, becaufe that is folIowe>^ by nouns, but this is not ; and has a relation not to the words which precede, but thofe which follow it] a higher place ; and, figuratively, the heavens. In allufion to the method ot writing antiently on Icrolls, it denotes before. ABO'VE-ALL, [compounded of aio-J'eand a'/j chiefly, efpeciallyj after a deduction of feveral particulars, it fignifies a preference given to that which follows. ABO'VE BOARD, [compound word,bor rowed from gamefters, who generally put their hands under a table in order to changf their cards] in open fight, plainly, honeftly, with- out art fice, deceit, or diffimulation. ABO'VE-CITED, Part, fcompoi'nd word, for the origin of this exprellion, lee aboze^ quoted, or cited before. ABO'VE- GROUND, [compound word, alluding to a perfon's being put under-ground at his burial] alive; to be met with, or found. *' I'll find him if he be above-g'cund.'" A low and familiar expreflion. To ABOUND, V. Neut. [ahndo, Lat. ahonder.. Fr.] when ufed with the particles in, or iviih, to have an exceflive great number, .or quantity of any thing ; when ufed without the particles, to increafe prodigioufly, to be in great number, plenty, or txcefs. ABOU'T, Prep, ^aluton, Sax. encircling] "when appl'ed to time or place, it denotes near or within compafs of; and when ufed beforf words implying meafure. " About night." " About Cheapfide." Its moft fimple accepta- tion is that of round, furiounding; or encir- cling, according to the Saxon, from whence it is derived. " About the keel." Waller. Figuratively, annexed, or appendant to a perfo 1, as cloaths, Sec, concerning, of, relat- ing! tv. ABOU'T, Adv. in circumference, or com- p3f;. " Twoyirds about." Me'ry W. oflVindj'. Figurit.'vely, the lonteft way, in oppofition to the ihorieft, alluding to the difference be- tween the circutnference and diameter of a circle. When joined with gOy it fignifies from pbce to place, or every where: "He ncert tlout doing good." A^'s. When prefixed to other verSs, it implies thit the action or thing affirmc'd will loon happen; as, ''about to fight." When following the verb to be, it det.otes being engaged, or employed in : ** What are you about r " ABOU'T, Arij. [a bo:'t, to an end, Fr.] a certain point, period, or ft.ite : " He has bro'.ight about his purpofe; ;" i. e. he has tc- coniplifhed them. When joined with ccmi,. it implies the thing arrived at a certain ftate or point: •' When the time was zome about." i Sam, i. 20. When joined with go, it implies preparation or deiign : " Why go ye about to kill me?" ^cZ.n viii. ig. In familiar dif- coutfe, we f,;y, " to con:e about a man," i. e, t* circumvent him. A B R ABP. an Abbreviation for Archblfliop,' A'BRA, S. a filver coin in Poland, worth 24 or 25 French fols, current in all the do- minions of the grand feignior. ABRACADA'BRA, S. [Abracax, the name of an Affyrian Idol] a charm invented by the elder Serenus Samonius, to cure agues. It was to be Wrote as many times as it con- tains letters, omitting a letter each line; fo that it formed an inverted cone, having this property, that which way foever the letters be taken, they form the fame word as the firft line. ABRACA'LAN, S. a word ufed by the Jews, for the fame purpofe as the former. To ABRA'DE, V. Aft. [abrado, Lat. to fhave off] to rub off, or wafle by degrees. A'BRAHAM, S. [Heb. 'the father ; or the purifier of many nations] the foa of Thare, both the firft and moft eminent of all the patriarchs. He was born A. M. 1948, about 58 years before the deatii of Noah, and was at firft named Abram, the high father. In his 75th year he left his own country, by the command of God, and dwelt in Canaan, where, in his 99th year, he was circumcifed, and God chang- ed his name from Abram to Abraham. He died in his 175th year, and wis buried by his fons Ifhmael and Ifaac in a cave at Macli- pel'.h. Gen. xi. A'BRAHAM's BOSOM, a fcripture term to denote a place or ftation of the higheft de- gree of felicity and eminence in heaven. "Car- ried by the angels to Abraham's bofom." Luke xvi. 22. A'BRAHAM's, BALM, S. [compound word] in botany, the hemp- tree, a fpecies of the willow. ABRA'SION, S. [fee abrade'] The aft of wearing away by rubbing. In medicine, the wearing away the natural mucus, which co- vers the membranes of the ir.teftines, by cor- rofive medicines. Figuratively, ihefubftance worn off by the rubbing of bodies againft each other. ABRE'AST, Adv. [breaft, Sax.] fide by fide ; in fuch a pofition that the breaft may bear againft the fame line. Ships are faid to (dU a-breaft, when two or more bear down by the fi'^e of each other in the fame line. ABRENUNCIA'TION, S. [abrenundarle, Lat.] a renouncing or forlaking a thing en- tirely ; leldom ufed, even by lawyei^s, though a law ter.n, and ftands in need of authori- To ABRI'DGE, V, Aa. [abreger, Fr.] to fborten in words, fo as to retain the fub- ftjnce ; to exurefs a thing in fewer words : '' We will eliay to abridge in one volume." 2 Maccab. ii. 23. Figuratively, to diminifh, leiTsn, or cut ihort. " Such dctcrminatioa iji'iV^fi not that powe/." Lo:ke. Followed by the particlesyrcw or of, to deprive : " To be abridged from fuch a noble rale." Mercb. of 3 Vcnic'e. A B R Pewir*. In common law, to make a de- claration Shorter, by taking away ibme of the fubftance of it : " Tho' the demandant has a/'r((/p-f^ his plaint." Brs. Abridg. ABRl'DGER, S, [from Abridge, and er, derived from the Sax. Wa:r, a manj a fliort- ener, a writer of abridgements, ABRI'DGEMENT, S, [abregement, Fr.] the contradtion of a larger work into fewer •words, and lefs compafs j a leflening, or di- minution, in a fecondary fenfe : " An abridg- ment of liberty." Locke. ABRO'ACH, Adv. [fee BROACH] run- ning out, in allufion to liquor which is broach- ed or tapped ; to be in fuch a pofition that the liquor may eafily run out : figuratively to \\n- dertake with a fure profpedl of fuccefs. *' What mifchiefs might be fet abroach ?" Shakefp. Hen. IV. ABRO'AD, Adv. {a, and brad, Sax.] with- out confinement, at large, out of the houfe, in a foreign country; in alldiredlions j from without, in oppofition to within : " Through difeafes bred ivitbin themfelves, than through violence from abroad,'''' Hioker, ABRO'CHMENT,S.fa/'ro<rfl»;M?K«,Lat.] in law, foreftalling. See ABBROCH- MENT. To A'BROG ATE, V. Aft. [abrogo, Lat.] to deprive a law of its force ; to annul. ABROGA'TION, S. [from abrogatio, Lat. fee A'BROG ATE] the aft of repealing, or the repeal of a law, ufed in oppofition to rogation-, d\&\(ig\i\(htA{Tom derogation, which implies the annulling only pan of a law j (xovn fubrogat'.on, which denotes the adding a claufe; from adrogation, which implies the limiting or reftraining it ; from d'ifpenjaiion, which fets it afide, only in a particular in- ftance; and from antiquation, which is the letufing to pafs a law. To ABROO'K, V. Aft. [from a, fuper- fluous, and to brook, now obfolete j from Brit- can. Sax. to enjoy, or digeft] to bear, or en- dure. *' III can thy noble mind abrook.^' Shakefp. Hen, VI. an obfulete word. ABROHA'Nl, or MALMO'LLE, S. £Ind.] the name of a muflin or fine cloth, brought from Bengal. ABRU'PT, Part, or Adj. [abri-ptus, Lat. broken oft" J craggy, broken; fudden, unex- pe£ted, without the cuftomary preparations ; unconnefted, when applied to compofitions : *' The abrupt ftile." Ben. John. D'lfco-v. Ufed fubftantively, a great cleft, or cavity. '' Over the vaft abrupt,''' Par. Loft, B. ii. 40a. ABRU'PTION, S. [abruptlo, Lat.] bxeak- ing off, feparation: "Marks oi 'its abruption.'" IVoodivard's Nat. H'ft, ABRU'PTLY, Adv. [from abrupt] in a hafty, unexpected, rude manner ; without the previous ceremonies required. ABRUPTNESS, S. [from abrupt'] an faafly, un^fs(ft|d, vncsrsuienms in?.nner; A B S fudclennefs, theftate of unconne(^pJKers, rii%* gednefj, cragginefs : " Which alrupfr.sji is caufed Ivirs being broken off." JVoodiv, A'BRWS, S. in Exctic Botany, a k'nH of red phaltilus, or kidney-bean, growing in Egypt and theTndies. A'BSALOM, S. [H-b, the father of peace, or the father's pea-c ;J the fon of David by Maacha, who, together with his fifter, were remarkable for their perfonal charms. After his return from exile, for the murther of Ammon his brother, he con- fpired againft his father, and drove him out of his kingdom ; but was flain by Joab, as he hung by his hair on a tree, z Sam. chap, xlii. to xviii. A'BSCESS, S. {abfceffus, Lat.] a critical difcharge of humours, which collefts itfelf fa as to form a tumour, or fwelling, and break or corrode the veffels, if not difcufTed ; the matter thus colledted is fometimes included in a cyftis or bag, and appears curd)', and is then termed an encyfted tumour. Hippocrates and Galen ufe this word, a'fcefs, for the change of one fpecies of fever into 'nother; as aninter- mittent into a continual ; and fometimes they fubftitute it for anv critical evaluation. To ABSCI'ND; V. Aft. [abjci,!do, Lat.] to cut off. Not oiten n/ed. ABSCI'SSA, or ABiCi'SSE, S. [ahfciffus, Lat.] in Conies, that part of the nxis in a curve-lined figure, that is cut off by an ordi- nate, and contained between the vertex and the ordinate : hence there may be an infinite number o( abfnj/a in the fame curves, as well as ordinates. ABSCI'SSION, S. [ahfcljfto, L:it.] the a£t of cutting off; the ftate of being cut off. " This intercifion, not abj'cijjion, or total de- ftruflion." Broivnt.'l^ulg. Err. To aBSCO'ND, V. N. [abfion'io, Lat. to hide] to keep one's fi;lf from the view or ' knowledge of the public ; to hide : applied to thofe who fly from the commerce of man- kind, to efcape the law, whether on account of debt or criminal adtioni. ABSCO'NDER,S.[from ahfcond, znAivair, Goth, ivar, Sax. a man.] the pefibn who quits his dwelling on account of debts and crimes, to orevent his being d fcovered. ABSCO'NDING, Pa,c''Pref. [from ah- fcond] the att of avoiding the fight of man- kind, or leaving one's veiiience with that view ; in law, it is generally aliowen a circumftantial proof of the guilt of a cri- minal. A'BSENCE, S. {abjence, Fr. abfirtia, Lat.] d'.ftance, which renders a perfon incapable ot fei'ing and converfing witli another ; ufed in onpofition to prefence ; fij^uratively, inatten- tion to the prefent objeft ; becaufe a perfon in that ftate refembles one who is diftant. It is ufed with the particle from which limits it» Cgnificawn, " His auicnct from his iBOth?r." A B S Vryih In law, it is diftinguifhec^, t. into neceirary anJ involuntary, which is that of ba- niHied perfons ; z. neceliary and voluntary, or the»: which is in the fervice of the church or ftate ; 3. probable, which is that of a ftuilent, on acc'iunt of ftudy ; 4- entirely voluntary, whicii is that of a perfon on account of trade, and the like ; and, 5. an abjence cum dob et culpa (with deceit and blame) being thatwhich js committed by a perfon on his rot appearing on a citation, through contumacy. A'BSENT, Part. [aKens, Lat.J at a dif- tance from, out of the fight and hearing of a perfon ; figuratively, inattentive to, or regard- lefs of fomeihing prefent; ufed fometimes with the particle from : " abfir.tfrcm London." To ABSE'NT, V. A^. [horn abf.nt] to wltlidraw, or decline the prefence of a perfon, •r thing. ABSENTA'NEOUS, Adj. [abfentanem, Lat.] done in, or relating to abfence j feldom, if ever, nfed by modern authors. ABSENTEE', S. [See A'BSENT] inlaw, he that is abfent from his ilation, or country ; moft generally applied to the Iri/h refugees : "A great part of eftates in Ireland is owned fcy abfcntees." Child on Trade. ABSE'NTER, S. [from ahfent and ivair, Goth, or tear, Sax. a man] one who does not attend : " An abfenter from church." " An ebjcnter trom parlinment." ABSl'NTHIATED, Part, [from a'fm- ihhiw, Lat. wormwood] in medicine, impreg- nated with wormwood. ABSI'NTHIUM, S. [wormwood, a|iv- 6i:y, Gr. apfwth'ior, unpleafant, from a nega- tive, implying 1/0/t/, and 4'*^'?? pf'nthos, ac- cording to Hcfychius, delii'ht] There are 33 fpecies of this plant ; but that ufed in phyfic is the abfinihium vulgare majus of Bauhine, or common wormwood : the leaves and flowers have a very bitter tafte, and a very (Irong fmell. The virtues of this herb, sccording to Boer- hiave, are immortal J as curing all dropfies not attended with a rapture of the vifceraj a «onferve m 'de of the tender tops oi the leaves is of great fervire to perfons labouring under a languor; and an infufion of ihem in wine is very good for the worms : it grows on roads and dunghills, and is very common in Eng- laed • flowers in July, may be propagated from flips in Match or Oftober, and is by Linna"us ftiled, " Artemefu folio compofitis miiltifid!?, floribus fub-globufis pendulis, re- ceptaciiio globofo." i. e. Muawort, with multifidous compound leave";, hanging hulf- globular flowers, and a hairy receptacle. AB'SIS. See APSrS. ABSO'LVATORY, Adj. [alfolutalre,Yr. from alj'jlutcriui, Lat.J that has relation to pardon, or abfolution. To ABSO'LVE, V. A. [abfolvo, Lat.] to clear, or acquit ofa crime 5 to free from an en- gagement, or promife ; to pardon, i.ialhifion to the jbjolu.'an of aprieft j tofeiiect, accom- A B S plifli, or complete, applied to time: " ^hfoK I'tdin the fpace of twenty-four hours," Hales Orig. A'BSOLUTE, Adj. [ahfolutut, Lat.] per- feft, without defeft, complete, without con- ditions : " Though it lunsin forms ahJoluteJ'^ South. Independent, without relation : " ylb- folute fpace." Without rcftraint, or limita- tion : " My crown is ahfo'ute.^'' Dryd, Pofi- tive : " Tm abjolute it was." Shakcfp. This latter fenfe feems now quite obfolete. A'BSOLUTE NUMBER, in Algebraic Equations, the known quantity which pol- fefleth one lide of the equation, being the rec- tangle, or folid whofe root or value is to be found : thus in this equation, a aX 16 ZT 56; the abfolute number is 36, which is equal to a <2 multiplied by itfcif added to 16 times a. Ahjolute ejlatey in Law, is one free from in- cumbrances, j^'i'ati've absolute, ingratnmar, is a phrafe which has no dependance on any other in the period of which it makes a part. AB'SOLUTELY, Adv. [from a>'folute, and the termination /y, from the Sax. Ic, which implies manner] in an entire, compleat, per- fect manner ; without any check, reftraint or limits : pofitively, " Command me ahfo- lute'-f not to go." Far. Lcf:. A'ESOLUTENESS, S. [from ahjolute and NS, Goth.] compleatnefs 5 freedom trom re- ftfidlion : when applied to the exercife of re- gal power, arbitrarinefs, defpoticirm. ABSOLUTION, S. [ai^joli-tio, Lat.] in Common Liw, a ful> acquittal of a perfon, by fome final fcntence ; a temporal difcharge from farther attendance upon a mefne pro- cefs : in ecclefiaftical law, a juridical aft, whereby a prieft pronounces a pardon for fins tofuch as, upon confeflion, feem to have the neceliary qualifications. Abfolutions from Rome are high treafon, by AVa.'. 23 Elia, AB'SOLUTORY, A>:j. [abjolutorius, Lat,] that which imports pardon, forgivenefs, or abfolution. AB'SONANT, Part, [ahfonans, Lat.] founding harfhly ; figuratively, contrary to teafon, abfurd, foreign to the purpofe. AB'SONOUS, Adj. [ahjonus, Lat. ill- loundingj not agreeable to, in allufion to the concords of mufic: " ylbfonoui to reafon." Glan'vUle. This word is, at prefent, very feldom ufed. To ABSO'RB, V. Aft. [preter. a^Jorhed^ part, preter. a''^j':rbed or abfoipt, from abforbeo, Lat. to fup upj to fuck up. ABSO'RBENT, [abj.riem, Lat.] in Phy- fic, medicines which dry up rtdundant hu- mours, whether applied internally or exter- nally ; likewife the lafteals, which alforb the chyle; the cutaneous velTels, whiih admit the water in baths or frmentations ; or thofe vellcls which open into the c.ivities of the body, and imbibing the extravidated juices, convt-y tl.fim to the circulating Klood. AB'SORPT, Part. pret. [See ABSORB] A B S fwallowed up, whether ufed in its primitive fenl'e of things, or in its fecondary fenfc of perfons; ABSO'RPTION, S. [from atfori] the aa of fwallowing, or fucking up : " The caufe? of this difruption, or this abforpthn,''^ Burr.et. AB'SQUE HOC, [Lat. without this] in Law, words of CKCeption ufed in a traverfe : " The defendant pleads, fuch a thing v.'as done at B a'^fque hoc, i. e. unlefs it was done at C." M'.d. Cafes, 103- To ABSTA'IN, V, Neut. {abfnneo, Lat.] to forbear, to refrain from, or decline any gra- tifttation : it is ufed with the particle //^jot ; " j^i^j/'jyVo;?; all appearance of evil." i TheJ'. V. 22. and with great elegance applied to in- animate thines : " The doubtful billows fcarce obflain from the tofs'd vefTel," Dryd. Virgil. ABSTE'MIOUS, Adj. {alfiemiui, Lat. temperate in the enjoyment of fenfual gratifi- cations: figuratively, the cjufe of temper- ance: " Such is the virtue of the abjiemioin well." Dryi. Fab. Sometimes ufed fub- flantively, for thofe who praftife the virtue of temperance : *' Chiefly among the abjia;.i- eaj." Arbutknot on Aliment. ABSTE'MIOUSLY, Adv: [from abp- ir.'icuz and ly, from the Sax. Ik or lice, which denotes manner] in a fober, temperate man- ner. AESTE'MIOUSNESS, S. [from ahfe- mo'js, and NS. Goth.] the quality of beiRg temperate, or declining the gratifying of cui fenfual aprerites. ABSTE'NSION or AB.STE'NTION, S. [abjiineo, Lat.] the aft of holding oft", or re- ftraininp : in Common Law, the with-hold- ing or hindering an heir from taking pofTef- fion of his right. To ABSTE'RGE, V. Aft. [abprgo, Lat. to wipe off] to wipe clean, to cleanle : ufed moftly by medical writers. ADSTE'RGENT, I'art. pref. [abfiergens, Lat. J endued with a clcanfing quality: ufen fubftantively in medicine, it fignifies medi- cines which abrade and wipe away fuch mu- cous particles as they meet with : their moft ufual nanfe is that of detergents. To ABSTE'RSE, V. Ad. [ahfiergo, Lat.] to cle^nfe, or purify: a word feldoin ufed. Not fo analieical as abjlerge, ABSTE'RSIVE, Adj. {objl.rfivus, Lat. from al>fiergo\ endued with the quality of clean fine. ABSTINE'NCE, S. [abjlwerua, Lat.] in a general fenfe, the refraining from any thing to which we have a propenfity : ufed with the particle yVc/?;. In a more limited fenfe, fac- ing, or the forbearance of necefljry food: riiftinguifhed from temperance, as that im- plies a moderate ufi- of Idod, but this a total avoiding cf it, for a time. It is a virtue o*" great terviceto perfons of a fedentary life, aiiu numerous in.1.>iices could be produced of its eSicaty in the cure of chfonicjl difcifes, and, A B S in lengthening out the fliort fpan of humaij exiflence. A'BSTINENCY, S. ^ahfir.evtw, L.t.] the fame as ahfi'in^nce : " Wr-re our rewaids tor the ahjhnencies," &c. Ham. Fund^m. A'BSTINENT, P^.t. pref. [^hjii„ers, Lat.) temperate, moJeft, whether applied to perfons or things. ABSTO'RTED, Part, [abjlcrtus, Lat.] torn, or forced from another, by violence. To AESTR A'CT, V. Aft. [abftmho, Laf. to draw from] to ta.ke one thing from ano- ther : figuratively, to feparate, followed by the particle frcm: ufed abfolijtely, the exer- cife of the faculty of the mind, named ab- fl ration ; or feparating ideas from one ano- ther. When applied to writings, to reduce their fubftance to lefs compafs. ABSTRA'CT, Part. [ahilraHus, Lat. fee To ABSTRA'CT] feparated from fomething elie 5 generally applied to the operations of the mind. AbHratl terms, are thofe which fignify the mode or quality of a being with- out any regard to the fubje£l in which it in- heres : it is ufed with the particle /row Ab- fii-afl mathematics, thofe br.inches which con- fidcr the quantity, without reflriftion to any particular fpecies of it. AijiraSi rwr.bcrs are afiismblages of units, ccnfwlered in themfelves, without being applied to any fubjeft. ABSTRA'CT, S. [from toabjlraa] a com- pendious view of a treatife, more fuperficial than an abridgement: figuratively, npp'ied to perfons, thofe who comprehend all the quali- ties, good or bad, to be found in the fpecies: " A msn who is the ahJlraH of all faults, all men follow." Shakcfp. Anton, and Chop. An abpraB ftate, in allufion to the faculty of abJiraB'ion: "If they be confidered in the abjlraci.'''' Wotton. In a particular fenfe, an idea formed in the mind, on conf.dering a mode, or quality, feparate from all the parti- cular fubjefts in which it inheres : thus mjg- nitude \%&n. abftraEi, when confidered Without being attached to anv panicolar bo.^. ABSTRA'CTED, Part, [from abflraB^ feparated, refined, or abllrufe: a difpofition of mind, whereby a perfon is inattentive tj external obje£ls, though prefent : " An ab- JiroEled fcholar." ABSTRACTEDLY, Adv. [from chjiraa and ly, of lie or /;«, Sax. implying manncrj in an abflraft manner, diftinft or feparate from contingent circumftaiices. ABSTRA'CTION, S. [ahftraBlo, Lar.] an opeiation or faculty of the mind, whereby we feparate things naturally exifting togsther, form and confider ideas thus feparaied. This is performed, ift, by confidarmg one part of a thing, in fome refpedts diftindl from the whole: zdly, by cor.f' 'ering a mode diflindt from the fubjeft in which it inheres: or fe« ver.'.l modes which exift together : as gconic- iricians, when they confider a line, omitting the idea of Icneth and breadth : 3o}y, when C 3 the ABU the tnin^ forms general and univerfal ideas by ' leaving out thofe icieas in which they differ, retaining thofe only in which tliey agree, and connefling then^ together into one complex idea, by giving therr- one name. Ahjirail'iort IS fometimes u'ed for the exercife of this fa- culty- The ftate of being inattentive to ex- ternal objects, or abfence of mind. In Phar- tnacy, the drawing ofFjOr exhaling a menftruum from the fub;eft it w.s intended to refolve. ABSTRACTI'TIOUS, Adj. [from ab- Jii-aB]in Pharmacy, the native fpirit of ve- getables, in centtadifiinftion to that which is procund by fermentation. ABSTRa'CTIVE, Adj. [from a^ftraa] endugd vith the power of abilrafting, ADSTPs-U'SE, Adj. {'■■bffruje, Fr. ahfinijo, It. ahjliufo, Sy-n. oi ah/iiufus, Lat.] obfcure, dark, note^fy to be underftoodj deep, hid- den, or far remoTed from the common appre- henfions or w.iys of conceiving. ABSTRU'SENESS, or ABSTRU'SITY, S. difficulty, darknefs, obfciirity, hard to be onJeiftood, or comprehended. ABSTRU'SELY, Adv. obfcurely, unin- telligibly. AESU'RD, Adj. [o(abfardus, Lat.] jft, not agreeable to reifcn or common fenfe, or that thvvartjjcr goes contrary to, tl.e common notions and apprehsnfions of n\cn. 2d!y, In- confiftent, contrary to reafon. ABSU'RDNEGS, or ACSU'RDITY, S. i of abfurditai, Liit.] a contradiftion to com- mon fenfe ; an inconfiftence with reafon. ABSU'RDLY, Adv. impertinently, fool- ilhly. ABUNDA'KCE, S. [o( abundantia, Lat.] J. great plenty, a. a great many, vaft num- bers : as a^'undanci of people. 3. a great qusntitv. 4. more than fufficient. ABUNDAINT, Adj. ^oi abundans, Lat.] plentiful, exuberant, numerous, well ftored with, leplete, or abounding. ABUNDA'NT NUMBERS [with /lAth- Tr.tUc'iar.'^ fuch numbers, whofe aliquot parts, added together, make more than the whole jinmlx;r of which they are pares; as 20, whole aliquot parts are 10, 5, 4, 2, I, v.hich jnake 12. ABUNDA'NTIA, as an allegorical deity, was reprefentid by ;he ancients as a beautiful woman, crowned with flowers, having on a green garment bordered with gold : in her right hand was a horn fiUed with fruits^ and in her left, ears of corn, f^anjing in the midft of all forts oi temporal WlefTin^s. ABUNDA!NTLY, Adv. plentifully, in great numbers, amply. To ABUSE, V. A,&. [abutor, LtH.'] i To mace a bad ufe of. 2. To impol'e upon, er deceive. 3. To aftVont or treat rudely. ABC'SE, S. [from cbuje] ift, the ill or improper ufe of a thing. 2. A vicious prailice pr bad cuftoTi. 3. Unjuft cenfure. 4. Carnal Unowledoe^ either with or v/ithout viclenct. A C A SELF-ABU'SE, S. the crime called other- wife felf-polhition. ABU'SER. S. [from alufe'] the perfoq wha makes an ill ufe of any thing. An im- poftor, feducer, ravifher ; one who makes uf? of reproachful language, or is guilty of rude- nefs towards another. ABU'SCO, S. [in iJierar/c] a figure, the fame as catachrefis, by which a word is not ufed in its {}ri£l and moft proper fenfe, but with fome confiderable reduftions and abate- ments, as W5r/;/), though, ftriclly fpe^king, appropri?.ted to God, by a catachrefis, may be applied to magiftrates and women. The Scriptures ufes it in thefe (o widely different fenfcs in one and the fame fentence : " They tuorpipped God and the king." ABU'SIVE, Adj. [ahufivui, Lat.] info- lent, offenfive, injurious, ABU'SI VEL Y, Adv.improperly, ofFenfiv^- Iv, rudelv, reproachfully. ■ ABU'SIVENESS, S. [from abufe'] the ufe of reproachful language ; or the exercife of rude and unmerited incivility. To ABU'TjOrABU'TT, V.N. [of abutir, Fr.] to terminate, bound, or border upon an- other place or thing. ABU'TMENT, S. that which abuts or borders upon another. ABU'TILON, S, [in Botany] the yellow marfli mallows. ABY{SM, S. [abifmc, old Fr. now wrote abin:(} a deep place that has no bottom, whe- ther by land or water. ABY'SMAL, A. pertaining to an abyfs. ABY'SS, S. fof ASj^isf^, Gr. of a pri- vative, and Buj-j-©^, a bottom] i. A bottom- lefs pit or gulf, or any prodigious deep where no bottom can be found, or is fuppofed to have no bottom ; a vaft unfathomable depth of wa- ters. 2. In a figurative fenfe, that in which any thing is loft. 3. The vaft colleftion of waters, fuppofed to be inclofed in the bowels of the earth. 4. Among Divines, it is ofter> ufed to fignify hell. A. C. an abbreviation for Ante Chriftum ; or. before Chrift. AC, AK, or AKE, at the beginning or end of a name of a town or place is the Saxon v/ord [flfj which fignlfies an oak, as A£ton is as m ch as to fay osk-town, and Auftiij's ac, Auflin's oak ; and as for the names of pcr- fons of the fame form, they are for the moft part derived from the places of their birth, or f'jme atchievement there, ACA'CIA, [in Botany] Egyptian thorn, or binding bean-tree. This Acacia ftiled Vei.', i. e. true, is the tree from whofe branches ex- udes the Gum Arabic, and from whence the Succus Acacia?, or juice pf Acacia, is drawn and ftiled. ACA'CIA-VERA.S.istheinfcirTated juice of the above, which is brought from the Le- vant in round balls of difTvirent fizes, wrapt in very thin (jladdcrso ACA'CIA, r A C A ACA'CIA, S, [with Medalifts] a kind of Toll, refembling a bag, feen on medals, in the hands of fcveral of the confute and emperors after Ana'afius. ACA'CIA GERMANICA, S, 5. e. the German Acacia, which is made of the in- fpiflated juice of unripe floes, and put up in bladders in the fame manner as that of Egypt, yet it is eafily diftingui/hed by its colour; which is as black as that of Spanifh liquorice. ACA'COS, Adj. [of a private and KflKoj, Gr, bad] a term applied, by medical writers, to dirtempers which are not dangerous. ACADE'MICAL, Adj. [from Acadenucus, Lat. of Ana^nfjunoi;, Or.] belonging or relat- ing to an academy, ACADE'MIC, or ACADE'MICK, Adj. ffrom Academicus, Lat.J belonging to the academy. ACADF-'MICS, S. [AxaS^.uoiof, Gr.] the difciples of Plato, who were fo named, be caufe they ftudied in the public fchool, calle) ^cadem'ta, a famous fchool not far irom A- thens, built and planter! with trees, as fome fay, by Cadmus the Phoe.nician, > thers by ^cademicus, whofe great dogma was, unum fcio quod nihil jcio, i. e. I know this one thing, that 1 know nothing; A feci of fceptical phi- lofophers, who taught, that all things were uncertain, and that men ought lo doubt oi all tfainps, and believe nothing. ACADE'MlCIAN.orACA'DEMlAN.S. a name ufed for me»T.l)ers of modern Academies, •r inftituted focieties of learned men, ACADE'MIC, ACADE'MICK, S. in a large fenfe, fignifies a member of an univerfity at fchool, where languages and other branches of polite education are taught. ACA'DEMY, S. [otAcademla, Lit.'] It was originally a public place planted with trees at Athens, fo called from one Academus, who prefented it. A place where learned rru'n met to confer upon the difcoveiies already made in the fciences, or to try experiments for their further improvement. It is fometimes ufed for a college, or univerfity; a place where per- fons are taught the liberal arts and fciences, &c. It is alfo ufed for a particular f< ciety of ingenious perfons, rflablilhed for the improve- ment of learning;, &c. and lor a fort of col- legiate fchool, or feminary, where young per- fonr are inftru£let1, in a private way, in the liberal arts and fciences. ACA'DEMY, or ACA'DEMY FIGURE [with Painters] is a drawing or defign, done after a model with crayon or pencil. ACA'DtMY, S. [of Horfemanftiip] is alfo ufed to f)j;nify a ridire fchool, a place where perfons arc taught to ride the great horfe, and other exercites, as fencing, &c. ACA.'DIA, S. or New Scoi'artd, one of the Britiili colonies in North- Amcrca, fituated between 41 and 51 degrees of North latitude, and between 63 and 70 Jeg:ees of Welf ionpi - tu^e. It is bounded i^y the river St. Lawrence AC A and the Atlantic Ocean on the eaft, and by the bay of Fundy, and the feas of Acadia on ' the fouth, and by Canada and New England on the weft. The chief town is Annapolis, ACA'ID, S. [with Chemifts] vinegar. ACA'JOU, S. [the cofl'u-nut] the fruit of a tree growing in the Antilles, and in many places of the continent of America. ACALY'PHE, [AxaXufr,, Gr.] the fea- nettle or great ftinging nettle ; likewife a fi/h of eafy digeftion; a fea-fowl, jnd a fea-animal. ACALY'PHE, [in Botany] three- feeded mercury. There are three fpecies of it; pro- pagated from feed, which (hey fcatter them- felves, better than if fown by the hand. ACANACE'OUS, [of Ax^^a, to fh..rpen, or rather Axa 9st, a thornj ptickly ; applied toalJ plants of ihethiftle k:nd, and fometimes alfo to the promin-nt parts of animals. ACANTA'BOLUS, S. [Axav1a|3sx©-, of AKav9a, a thorn, and BaXXo;, to caft out, Gr.J a iurgeon's inftrument, defcribed by Paulus .^gineta, refembling tweezers, ufei in ex trac- ing a cariated piece of a bone, th-it is loofe, or thorns, or any thing extriineous In a wound, as' a tent, &c. Alfo, in pulling aw sy hairs, &c, ACAN'THA, S. [AKayBa, Or.] a thorn, brier, or brjmble, Lat, ACA'NTHA, S. [with Anatomifts] the moft ^'ickward protuberance of the vertebrae of the back, otherwife called Spina Dorfi. ACA'NTHICE, S. [Axa-Ay.n, Gr.] 3 fweef and plealant juice, contained in the top of pejletorv. L^t. ACA'NTHUS, S. [Axavfi©-, Gr.J the herb bear's-brrech, or bear's-.'OiJt, or brank- urfine. ACA'NTHUS, S. [in Archlteaure] the reprtfentation of the precedent pl.tnt on the capitals of pillars. The Greek archite£ts made ule ot the I'mooth fort in the Corin'hian and Compofite orders ; and the Goihic, the wild, not only in their capitals, but in other orna- ment"! likewife. ACA'NTHUS, S. [in Mythology] a youth chjneed info the flower or his n^me. ACA'NZII, S. T.irkifh light horfe; the advanced guard of the Grand Seipnior's forces. A- APA'LTI, S. a plant of New Spain or Mexico, which produces long pepper, ACAPU'LCO, [P. N.J ^ port- town of North America, fiiuated in 'he province of Mexico, on a fine bay ot tlie South Se , from whence a rich <hip fails annually to M.)nila, in the Philippine illes, near the coall 01 China Ti Alia, and another returns annu.illy Ironi thence to Acapulco, laden with all the trcafures of the Eaft-Jndies. ACA'RNAR, or ACHF.RNER, S. fin Aftronoinyl a bright rixed ftar of the firll magnitude in Eridanus. A' •A'RON, [Ax.^ov, Gr.] the plant wild myrtle, or gow ; alfo butcher's broom. ACA'RUS, [Axa.^©-, Gr.J in Natural Hiftory, almall wor.n brccQing in wax ; ai.''c» C 4 a kind A C C ikind of vermin which lodge themfelvcs lin- ger the cuticula, by fome ftiled hand worms. ACA'STUS, the fon of I'eiias, king of TbefTdly, famous for his fportmanfhip. ACA'TALECTOS^orACA'TALECTIC Verfe, ["AxaTaXtjxltx©', Gr.] a verle exaftly perfefl, in which there is not one fyllable too much or too little. ACA'TALEPSIS,S. [ofAK.n:tx4ia,Gr.] incomprehenfiblenefs, or the impofTibiliiy of comprehending or conceiving a thing. ACA'TALEPTIC, Aaj. [AxaTaXi"®', Gr.J inconiDrehenfible, ACA'TALIS, S. ['AHclaMi, Or.] the lef- {et kind of juniper. ACATERA, S. ['Ayalr.^a, Gr.] the great juniper tree. ACATE'RY, S. in the king's hoiifliold] a fort of check between the clerks of the king's kitchin and furveyor. ACATHA'RSIA, S. ['AxaS^^s-ia, Or. of <6 negative, and Kx.6xt^v, to puree or cieanfej that filth or irr^purity in a cifeafed body, which IS not yet purged oft'. In Surgery, ic fignifies the forde? or impurities of wounds. ACATIA, or ACA'CIA, S. a little thorn growing in Egypt, out of the leaves and fruit cf which is prcircd a bldck juice, which being dried, is called by the Ume name, and h^s a *ery aftritlive qasl ty. ACA^TIUM, S. [from Akk, a point. Or.] a kind of boat or pinnace, u'.'ed by tiie ancients in military afljirs ; of the fptcits of the naves adhuaiia?. or veiTeis wrought by oars. ACAU-'LiS, or ACaI'LOS, S. [from a reg. and Caul:!, a ftalk] in Botany, applied to plants, wh'ife fiower rcfts on ihe gtojnd, with- out any vifible lialk. A'CCA, S. bifhop of Hogulftjrft, or Hen- bam in Northumberland, in which fee he fucceeded Wilfrid, anno 709. ACCAPI'TIUM, S. [from cJ and caput the head] in law-boo.ks, the fum of money paid by a vafi'ai to his lord, upon his admilTjon to a feu. Likewifereiiefdue to the chief lord. ACCE-'DAS AD cu.-iiAM, S. a writ di- ^edled to the flierifT, rtrquiring him to go to the court of fome lord or fr.inchife, where any falle judgment is fuppofed to have been made an any fuit in a court of record, that a record may be mr.de of ihe fame fuii there, and cer- tified in the king's court. ACCE'DAS An vicecomitek, V. [in tawj is a writ diiedled to a coroner, com- jnanding him to deliver a writ to the fiieriff, who fuppclTes a />£)/;i- delivered. ToACCt'DE, V.N [.icce,-lo, Lu. cf ^^ lo, and c:Jo, to yield] to come Ut, to draw ^lear to, to enter into, or to add one's felf t.- fcmethmg .already fuppofed to take place; as 1" iuch a fiate acceded to a war ov treaty ;' i, e. ihe joined the other powers, and became jQ psrtv if, it. " To'aCCE'LF.RATE, V. A. [acakro, Lit. ti ad and c(ti.r, fwittj to Iiaften, to cjuickcji,, A C C to fpur on with fuperaddcd motion and esp^» dition. ACCE'LERATED MOT.ION,S. [in Me- chanics] a motion which receives continual increments or acceflions of velocity. ACCE'LERATION, S. [of acceUmio, Lat.J J haftening, &c. ACCE'LERATION, S, [with Philofo- plursj a continual encreafe of velocity in any heavy bodies, tending towards the center of the earth by the force of gravity. ACCE'LERATION. S. [with the antient Aftronomers] a term ufed in refpeifl to the fixed rtars, which fignified the difference be- tween the revolution of the primum mobile and the folar revolution ; it was computed at 3 minutes and 56 fcconds. ACCE'LERATORES, S, [in An.^tomyJ certain mufcles fo called c,^ accelero, to hailcn. ACCE'LERATORES URIN^^.S. [with Anatomifts] a pair of muicles belon«;ing to the penis; the ule of which is to expedite the. palTage of the urine, and the feed. To ACCEIsD, V. A. [aucr.d;, Lat. oi ad to, and candeo, to glowj to fet on fire. ACCE'NSION; S. [in Philbfophy] the kindlinj or fttting any natural body on fire. ACCE'Nil, S. [Lat. of ac and c<n/ro, t.o reckon] a kind of fupen.umcrjry foldiers a- mcng the Romans, fubiV.iutcd in the place of thcfe who were killed, or rendered incapable by their wounds. ACCE'NSI, S. [Lat. from acc'ieo, to fend lor] a kind of ofiicers among the antient Ro- mans, rel'embling our uihers, (erjeants, or tip- ftavcs, which eenjrally attencied the magif- trates. They were chofen out of the libeiti or eiiJrancliifed, and the oftice was elleemed rather laboricus than honourable. A'CCENT, S. [of Acfcnttis, Lat. of ad. to» ?.nd car.Oy to fi.Tg] the rifing or falling of the voice, a tone and manner of pronunciation, contracT>;d from thecouBtry in which a pcrfon was bred, or refided a confiderable time. A''CCENT, S. [viith Rhetoricians] a tone or mod'jl.tiion of the voice, ufed foinetimes to denote the intention of ihs fpealter witii re- gard to energy or force, and exprelTive of the fcnijments and pafllons. Grave A'CCENT, S, is this mirk (') over a vowel, to /hew that the voice is to be deprefTcd. Acute A'CCENT, S. is this mnrk (') over a vowel, to Ihevv that the voice is to be raifed. Circumflex A'CCENT, S. is this n';ark(") over a vowel in Greek, and poiius oiit a kinJ of undulation in the vtice. The Long A'CCENT [in Grammar] {liews that the voice is lo dwell upon the vowel, and is cxpreffed ihus ( - ). The Short A'CCENT [\:\ Grammar] fhews that the time of pronouncing ought to be rtiart, and is marked thus ( " ). A'CCENT, S. [in MulicJ a certain undu- l.ition \ AC C tation or warbling of the voice, to exprefs the paiFions either naiuially or artificially. To A'CCENT, V. A. [accent us, Lat. of acano] I. To mark with an atYf«r. z. To pronounce with regard to the accents, ACCE'NTOR, S. [of accino, Lat. to fing jn concertj one who fings the tieble or highcil pait in a choir. To ACCENTUA'TE, V. A. [accentuer, Ft.] to place the proper accents in reading, fpeaking, or writing, on the vowels or fyJla- bles *f any word. ACCENTUA'TION, S. a pronouncing or marking a word, fo as to lay a ftrefs of the voice upon the right vowel or fyllable. ToACCE'PT, V, A. [of accipio, Lat.] to receive favourably or kindly, to take with particular approbation, either with or without the particle of. " He will accej>i money," or of money. ACCEPTABLE, Adj. [of accepiabUis, low Lat.] that may be favourably or kindly re- ceived, agreeable. ACCETTABLY, Adv. Agreeably. ACCEI-'TABi'LlTY, S. [of acaptalle] the qualification of being received with liking and approbation, ACCE'PTABLENESS, S. [{torn accept- able] the quality wliich renders a thing worthy of a reception, joined with approbation. ACCE'PTAN'CE, S. [of acceptans] an ac- cepting or receiving favourably or kindly 5 fometimes the meaning or manner of taking a word, with the accent promikuoufly on the firif or fecond fyllable. ACCE/PTANCE or ACCEPT A'TION, S. [in Law] is the tacit agreement to fome att done by another bernre, which might have been avoided, if fuch agreement or acceptance had not been made. ACCE'PTANCE, S. [in Commerce] is the fubfcriliing or figning an inland bill of ex- change, which makei the perfon debtor for the fum of its contents, and obliges him to difcharge it at the time which it mentions. ACCEPTA'TION, S. [acceptatwr., Fr.] 1. The received meaning 01 a v^ord, or the fenfe jn which it is uiually taken. 2. Reception of any perfon or thing, cither agreeably or not. 3. Particular regard as to acceptabienefs and manner of reception ACCL'PTLR, S. [from accrft] he who accepts, ACCE'PTER, S. [in Commerce] the per- fon who accepts a bill oy figning it, and there- by obliges himfclf to pay the contents when due. ACCEPTILA'TION, S, [in Civil Law] an acquittance given by a creditor to a debtor, without receiving any part of the debt. A'CCESS, S, [oi accefus, Lat.J i. Ad- mittance, approach or psliate to a place or per- fon. 2. Licence or means to approach any thinj, 3. [of ac'rjTio, LiK.} acccfiion to any tjiing, additicnil increafe. A C C A'CCESS, S. [acrs, Fr.] return, or fit oF an ague or other dil^emper. A'CCESSARINESS, S. [accifary, corrupt- ed for acc:£oiy, which fee] the quaHty otftate of being acce[fory. ACCE'SSIB'LE, Adj. [oi accejibilh, Lat.] that may be approached, reached, or come to. It is ufed with the particle fa before theobjedV. ACCE'SSIBLE HEIGHT, is either that which may be mealured mechanically, by ap- plying a raeafure to it; or elfe it is a height whofe bafe can be apj-roached to, and from thence a length meafurcd on the grotind. ACCE'SSION, S. [acceffio. Lit.] i. Ad- dition or incrcafe J the adl whereby a thing is Superadded to another; joining one's felf to any thing elfe. 2. Coming to, as thecotning of a king to the crown. ACCE'SSION, S. [in Phyfic] the begin- ning of a paroxyfm. ACCE'SSOR, S, [accede, Lat,] a comer to ; one who joins himfclf to any party, ACCE'SSORILY, Adv, [from accefory'^ in the manner or form of a partaker, aider, abettor, or accefl'ory, ACCESSO'RIUS WILLISII [witli Ana- tom.ifts] a nerve fo termed from Dr. Willis, who firft difcovered it, ACCESSO'RY, Adj. [acc^orius, Lat.] ad- ditional, fuperadded, an accomplice. ACCESSARY or ACCESSA'RY, S. [in Civil Lasv] any thing that of right belongs or depends on another, although it be feparated from it ; as it tiles be taken from an houfe to be laid on again ; they are an accejfary, if the houfe be to be fold. ACCESSO'RY, S, [by Statute] a perfon who commands, advifes, or conceals anoffen- dsr, guilty of felony by itatute, ACCESSO'RY or ACCESSA'RY, S, pa Common Law] a perfon guilty of felony, though not principally, as by advice, com- mand, concealment; and this may be eitiier before or after the fatl, A'CCIDENCE, S, [r.ccldentia, Lat,J a lit- tle book, containing the firft principles of the Latin tongje. Per A'CCIDENS [withPhilofophers] that which does not follow from the nature of th^ thing, but *rom fome accidental quality of it. A'CCIDENT, S, [ofacc'iderz, Lat.J a ca- faalty or chance; a contingent efte£^, or fome- thing produced cafually, or without any fore- knowledge or dcrtination of it in the agent that produced it, or to whom it happens, A thing is alfo frequently ftiled an accidcKt in reference to its caufc, or at leaft to our knowledge of it, and by this an effert either cafnally pro- duced, or which appears to have been fo to us, is commonly underftood. In Grammar, the property of words, fuch as their d.vifion into fubftantives and adjeflives, their dcclen- Ifions, cafes, numbers, and genders of nouns J their conjugations, moods, Kinfc^, nuntiers, perfons^^iS'f, pf verbs. In phyfic, it is an tfW^ which A C C •which IS not produced imrredistely from tlie firft caulc, dul by fcm<; other iiitervenirg in- cidents, and is analogous to tlie word Synip tool. Among the Logicians, whatever dues hot belong to the being or eliVncc of a tr<'nu, as a man's cloaths, money, &c. are called ac- eidintt; alfo (u h qu.iiiiies as are changeable, as red in cloth, btcauie that, purely -^s cloth; it might have been, and may fli 1, be brown, bkck, tff. In Heraldry, accidctits are the principal points in the efcutchron; and witn the Aiiroiogcrs, the moft extraordinarv cir cumfhnces thai have occurred in the coutieof a perfon's life. Abrolute A'CCIDENT [with Roman C^ tholicsj is an accuknt which -tees or mn- po/Tibly fubfill at lead miraculoufly, o^ by 'omc iupernatural power, without a fuhjf<f>. ACCiDi:'NTAL, Adj. {accukntal.s., Lat.J pertaining to accidents, happening by ch mce j Ibmetimes it dcBotes any thing adventitious. This lad is uniifual. ACCIDE'NTAL POINT, S. [in Per- fpeftivej a point in the horizontal line, wherr. lines parallel among theml'elves meet, though not perpendicular to the figure. ACCIDEN'TALLY, Adv. in a manner not eiFei ti.il or neceffary ; by mere chance , vithout previous defien or inteniion.' ACCIDEN'T ALNESS, S. \o\ accUentalii, Lat j I. The happening by chance, z- Qua- lity of being accidental, ACCi'DjOUS,Adi.[afir;W;w,Lat.]nothful. ACCi'Dny, S. [acciduat, Lat.J floth- fulnefs. ACCI^NCT, Adj. [accir.liusyhzu] girded, prepared, read v. ACCl'PIENT, Part, [accifiem, Lat.] J. Receiv.ng, 2. A receiver. ACOPITRI'NIA, S. [in Botany] the herb h^wkweed. A'CCIUS, [Ltic'.us] a celebrated traeii writer among the Romans : He was the fun of a freedaian. and, according to St. Jerom, was born in the confulfliip of y^«/i/j Hoftihui Man- c'.iius, and AtlUiui Serxanui, about 170 years before Chrift. ACCLA'IM, S. acclamation, Mlhov. ACCLAMA'TION.S. fof<7a/tfw;ar;o,Lat.] a fhouting for joy ; exprelTing applaule, e! teem, or approbation. ACCLI'VIS, S. [in Anatomy] a mufde called A^o oldi'^uui ajcendcm. ACCUVITV, S. [accli-vl-at, Lat.] the afcent of a liill j and among Oeometcrs, the Copeof a lineor plane incliai.g to thehonzon upwards. ACCLKVOUS, Adj.[«c.'//w, Lut.] rifinn upwards with a flope. To ACCL'OY, V. A. I. To trowd, or ovctf.ll. 2. To furfeit or fatialp. ACCLO'VD, Pait. [with Farriers] de- note? a horlc's bein;; pricked in Ihoeitig. Jo ACCO'lL, V. N. to bunie, ciuwd, or be in a hutiy. bee Co it. A C C A'CCOLADE, S. an embracing about the neck ; a ceremony anciently ufed in conferring of knighthood. A'CCOLEN T, S. [sccokns, Lat.] he who inhabits near, or a bor<lerer on any place. ACCOLLE', Part, [in Heraldry] collared or wearing a colbr. Fr. ACCOMMOD A'BLE, Adj. [cc:ommodabi- I.s, Lat.] that which may be firteo to another tnu g, in it: orimaiy lignificatioo ; in its fe- oniary, thai which miy be reconciled to, is ^o ififlent With, or may be applied to. To AvCO'M.V.ODATE, V. A, to pro- vide or furnifh with conveniences ; to agree, compofc, make up, or adjuft a matter in dif- pute; to adapt, fit, or app.y one matter or 'hing to ano'her. To ACCO'iMMODATE, V. A. [with Oeoirjetririans] to adapt or fit a line or figure ij.to a circle, &€. according as the conditions of the propofilioii or problem require. ACCO'MMODATE, Adj. [o( a$:o>rmoda- iu!y La'.J when ufed wih the particle_/b^, it oenotes convenient or proper J with the particle to, it implies fuital le. ACCO'MMODATELY, Adv. in a con- venient, fuiiabi'e, or fit manner. ACCOMMODA'TION, S. [accommodatio, Lnt.] I. An adapting, fitting, adjufting, &'c, 2. The compofin^ or putting an end to a dif- ference, q\i 'rrel, Gfc. 5, Convenience. ACCO'MPANIMENT,, S. the adding of one thing to another by way of ornamervt. In Heraldry, the m.mtlings, fupporter , &c. In iVlufie, the inffrumentsl part playing or mov- ing, while the voice is llnging. To ACCCMPANY, V. A. [acccmpagnen, Fr] I. To go or come with, to wait on, to keep company with. a. To join or unite with. To ACCO'MPANY a Voice, /. e. to play to it with proper inftrnments. ACCO'MPLICE, S. [accomplice, Fr.] one who has a hand in a matter, or who is privy to the fame crime or dcfign with another. To ACCOMPLISH, V. A.[<«aow/>/;V,Fr.] I. To perform, fini/h, or fulfil. 2. To exe- cute or bring a matter or thing to perteftion. 3. To complete a p^iiod of time. 4. To obtain or acquire. A pcrfon well accomphjhed, one who has extraordinary parts, and has acquired great acromnlifhments in learniug. ACCO'MPLlSHMENT,S. the perfefling, ending, fulfilling, or atchieving of any mat- ter or thing entirely or completely. Alfo an acquirement in learning, arts, Iciences, or gcod behaviour. ACCO'MPT, [accompie,Yi.'] all computa- tio;is made arithmetically. In Commerce, jll thofe bcoks in which merchants and olher frjders regirtcr their tranl'a£\ions. Merchants acronpts aie thole which are kept by double cntiy. ACCO'MPT in Company, is between two merch.= n s or tracers, wherein the tranlaftiona lelat.ve 10 their partncrlhip are r.-^jriOered, ACCO'MPT, A C C ACCO'MPT in Bank, is a funci depofite either at fome banker's or the bank, by tra- ders, as running calh, to be emploj';'d in pay- ment of bills. ACCO'MPT of Sales, is an information given by one merchant to another, or by a faftor to his principal, of the difpofal, ret proceeds, &c. of goods fent for the proper account of the fender or fenders who confign- ed the fame. ACCO'MPTANT, S. [aaomf^fant. Fr,] one who is not only well Skilled in carting up accompts, but in book-keeping. ACCO'IVIPTANTSHIP, S. [from aaomp- tant] the qualifications neceflary for an ac- comptant. ACCO'RD, S. [Fr.] i. Agreement or compaft. 2. Agreement of mind. 3. Mutual harmony or fymmetry. 4. Self-motion j as, *' It opened of its own accord.''^ ACCO'RD, S. [in Common Law] agree- jnent between feveral perfons or parties, to make fatisfadlion for an affront or trefpafs (Committed one againft another. ACCO'RD, S.[in MuficJ is the proJuaion, mixture, and relation of two founds, of which the one is grave, and the other acute. To ACCO'RD, V. N. [i'aucrJer, Fr.] to agree, to hang together. To ACCO'RD, V. A. t. To tune two or more inftruments, fo as they fi»ll found the fame note when touched by the hand or bow Z. To harmonize. ACCO'RDING, or ACCO'RDING TO. I. Agreeable to, in proportion. 2. With re- gard to. ACCO'RDANCE, S. friendlhip, confor- mity, confiftence, or agreement with. ACCO'RDINGLY, Adv. [from accorj] conformable or confiftent with. In the be- ginning of a fentence it refers to what went before, and implies a dedu(ftion from it, ACCORPORA'TED, 'Parr, [accorporatus, Lat.j joii'ied or put to, embodied. To ACCO'ST, V. A. [accojler, Fr.] to piakeorcomeup to a petron,and fpe<ik to him. ACCO'UNT, S. [conte, Fr.] i. A com- putation of the number of certain things j a reckoning. 2. The total or tefult of computa- tion. 3. Eftimation or value. 4. Rank, dignity, or diftinftion. 5. Regard, confideration, for the fake ot : as, " Sempronius gives no thanks on this flfcouw/." 6. Reafon or caufe. 7. Narra- tive or relation. 8. Opinion or belief. 9. Review cr examination. 10. Explanation, or aflign- ment of caules. 1 1. The reafons of any thing collefted. 12. Profit, gain, or advantage. ACCOU'NT, S. [in a Law fenfej a par- ticular detail or enumeration delivered to a court or juHge, &'c. of what a man has re- ceived or expended for another, in the manage- ment oi his affairs. AKo, ACCOU'NT.or ACCOMPT, S. [in Com- pipn Law] a v/rit or atlion that lies againft A C C a man, who by his office is obliged to give ai* account to another (as a bailiff to his mafter,) and refufes to do it. Upon no ACCOU'NT, or by no means. Upon a!l ACCOU'NTS. i. By all means. 2. In every refoect. To ACCOU'NT, V. to compute ; in the paflive voice, to be reckoned, or efteemed. With the partideyor, it denotes to explain, by afligning the caufes and reafons. With the particle ro, it implies to be charged, applied, appropriated, or affigned to. With the par- ticle of, to eftimate, or to be valued. Laftly, to be imputed. ACCOUNTABLE, Adj. [from accouvtj liable to give an account, anfwerable. ACCOU'NTANT, S. [in Law] a perfon who is obliged to render an account to another. ACCOU'NTANT GENERAL, an officer belon-ging to the court of chancery, appointed by parliament to receive all money lodged in court, and convey it to the bank of England. -To ACCO'UPLE, V. A. [aaoufler, Fr.] to link or join together. To ACCOU'TRE, V. A. [accoutrtr, Fr.) to drefs, attire, trim, efpecially with warlike> accoutrements, ACCOU'TREMENT, S. i. Drefs, 2. Equipage, furniture, or habiliments of war. 3. Ornaments. ACCRE'TION, S. [of cd and crefco'] growing to another, fo as to augment it. ACCRE'TION, S. [with Naturalifts] an addition of matter to any body externally ; but it is frequently applied to the increafe of fuch bodies es are without life ; and it is alfo called appofition, or juxta-appofition. ^ ACCRE'TION, or ACCREMENT, S. [with Civilians] a vacant portion, joined with grounds poffeffed by another. ACCRE'TIVE, S. [from accreth, Lat.] that by which growth is increafed; that by which vegetation is augmented. To ACCRO'ACH, V. [accrocher, Fr.] a law term, to inctcach to drav? away anothet's property. ACCRO'ACHMENT, S. the aft of in- croaching on the property of another. ACCRO'CHE, Part, [in Heraldry] is when one thing hooks into another. To ACCRU'E, V. N. [o(accrefco, Lat. or accro'itre, Fr.] i. To Le encreafcd or added to. 2. In a commercial lenfe, to arife or pro- ceed from. To ACCU^MULATE, V. A. [accumulo, Lat.] to heap up, or pile one thing upon an» other; to gaiiier or amafs together in great quantities. ACCUMULATION, S. \accumulatlo, Lat. J rejieated acquilitions and additions J an .imaffing ; the ftate of a thing amalicd. ACCU'MULATIVE, Adj. [from accu- mulute] that which iiicreafes, or that which is .tdded 103 addrcionaL A C C ACCUMULA'TOR, S. one who repeats any a£>ion. A'CCURACY, S. [accuratio, Lat.J exaft- jiefs j juftnefs or nicety. A'CCURATE, Adj. [accuraiiis, Lat.] done with care, exaft either as to perfons or things. A'CCURATELY, Adv. [from accurate} with nicety, not negligently. A'CCURATENESS, S. [from ai'curatej exaft, nicely, not carelefTnefs. To A'CCURSE, V. A. to blaft or load with a curfe ; to doom to delhuftioa j to im- precate curfes upon. ACCU'RSED, Part, [from accurfe] i. Lying under a curfe, or excommunicated, z. Ixecrable, that which dcferves execration, ACCU'RSIUS, S. a Florentine, profeffor of the civil law in the 13th century. ACCU'SABLE, Part. [flccufaiUis, Lat.J that which is liable to be found fault with, cenfured, or blamed. ACCU'S.'\T10N, S. the charging with fome defcfl or crime. In Law, the preferring a criminal a£lion aeainft any one before a judge. ACCU'SATIVE CASE;[flfa;/a/r-/</s,Lat.J in Grammar the 4th cafe of nouns. It de- notes the relation of the noun, on which the aftion of the verb termip.atcs. ACCU'SATORYjAdj. [a rn^falorl us, Lzt.] ©f or belonging to accufation. To ACCU'SE, V. A. laccufo, Lat.] to charge with a crime, to inform againft, in- dift, or impeach ; to cenfure. It has the par- ticle cf, and fometimes/irj before the matter of ceni'ure or accufation. ACCU'SER, S. [from accuje] the perfon who accufes. ACCU'SERS, S. [according to Corre'ius /lgii(ipa\ the eighth order of the devils, whofe prince is called Afteroth, t. e. fpy. To ACCU'STOM, V. A.' [accoutumer, I'r.] to inure or ufe one's felf to any thing. 3t hath the particle to before the thii.^ accuf- tomed to. ACCU'STOMABLE, Part, that which a perfon has praflifed or been ufed to for a con tinuance. ii.CCU'STOMABLY, 7 Adv. arcordinj. ACCU'STOM ARILY, ^ to ufeor cuftom. ACCU'STO MAR.Y, Adj. commonly prac- tifeo, cufiomaty, ulually done. ACE, S. [frcm ax, Fr. as, Span, ei;, Cr. an unit or oncj a fingle point or fptck on cards cr dice. Figuiatively, the kaft fjuantity, or the fmalleft diftante, i. e. within an ace of it. A'CES, S. [a fea-term] hooks for the chains. ACE-POINT, S. the fquare of a die have ing a fingle point. ACL'LDAMA, S. pronounced Meldama, [Htb. the field, inheritance, or poitioii of blood] the name of the field bouelit by the Jewifli priefis with thi- thiity pieces of filver jivcn Judas Ifcarloi, to betrjy our Lord Jefus ACE Chrift. It was likewife called the Potter's field, ylSs i. 19. ACE'TIAM [Lat. and likewife] in Law, a cliufe of a writ, where the aftion require* fpccial bail, founded on the fiaiute, 13 Car. II. ch. II. ACE'PHALI, [ax6*aXo(, of a priv. and jui^clK^, an head, Gr. i e. having no head] certain ecclefiafrics fo called, who, making prufeliion of extreme pov-.Tty, would not ac- knowledge anyct'ief, whether laym.m orec- defiadic. Alfo certain Icvelleis mentioned in the laws of I-Ienryl.v.ho;ickno\\ledo»d no head. ACE'PHALl VERSUS,, S. [Poesry, Gr. and Lat. Jverles ha- bep.in with a Ihort fyllable, and end v iili a loi-g one. ACE'PH ALOUS, Adj. fomething without a head. Naturilifts apply this term to worms, which have, been fuppofed formerly to have no head. Figuratively, thoi'e who have no fupe- rior, chief, cr leader. ACERE'NZA, S. [anciently Achcrontia^ a fmall town in the kingdom of Naples. AC'ERNO, or ACE'RNUM; S. a fmall epifcopal fee, under that of the Picentini, at the foot of the Appenines. ACE'RB, Adj. \acei-hus, Lat] that which hath a cotr.pauiid taftc between four and bit- ter, fijc'ii ;^s moil unripe fru'ts have. ACE'RBITDDE, or ACL'RBITY, S. 1. The rough lour tafle of unripe fruit. 2. Se- verity of tempe'-, roughnefs of manners. ACE'ROSE, Adj. [acc'.Jas, Lat.] chaffy, full of, or mixed with (haff'. ACE'RRA, S. a fmall town in the king- dom of N.!ples, on the river Patria. ACE'RVAL, A. [acervalh, Lat.] belong- ing to a heap. To ACE'RVATE, V. A. [acer-vo, Lat.] to raife up in heaps, ACERVA'TION, S, heaping up, Lat. ACE'SCENT, Adj. [acejcens, Lat.] tending to fournefs. ACE'SIS, S. [ay.ic-n;, Gr.] in medicine, a r; medy or cure. ACETA^BULA, S [in Anatomy] certain glandules in the chorion, one of the fkins which cover a child in "the womb. ACETA'BULUM. S. [with Botanifts] the herb navelwort. ACE TA'BUl.UM, S, [with An^tomifls] a large cavity in a bone, Khich receives an- other convex bone, for the convenience of a ciicular motion of the joint thus articulated. In AntiCjuiticS, it is ufed tor a mealure equal to one eighth part of our pint. ACE^yTA, S. [fiom Ak:9,'.'.^», Gr. to cure] in Medicinf, riidempers that are curable. ACE'S rORIS,S.rAK£r;ei;>Gr.] a female, ufed by ancicnimedicil waters, and fometimes applied to a midvi'ite. aCETARS, S. [acetaria, Lat,] fallads and vinegar. ACE'TIAM BILL, S. the words of a writ, where the action requires good bail. A'vPTOSA, A C H ACETO'SA, [with Botanif!?] forrel. ACETO'SE, Adj. [acet-fus, Lat.] eager, four, full of fournefs. ACETO'SELLA, S. [with BntaniftsJ WOod-forrel. ACETO'SILY, Adv. foiirnefs, fliarpnefs, tar'nefs. ACETOUS, Adj. [tf«/o/"^i, Lat.] having the nature of v negar, or being fomewhat like vinegar in quaiiiv. ACE'TUM. S. vin?gar in general; any fharp liquor, as fpirit of fait, nitre, vitriol, &c. j ACE/fUM DISTILL ATUM, S. [Lat.] in Chemlftry, diftiiled vinegar, chieflv ufed in! pieparations for preciDltation and diflotation. ACE'TI SPiRITUS, S. [Lat.] fpirit of vinegar, or diftilled vineg?r reflified. * ACE'TUM ROSARUM, [Lat.] vinegar of rofef. ACE'TUM ALCALISATUP4, S. [in Chemiftry] vinegar diftilled, in which fome akalifed fait is infufed. ACE'TUM PKILOSOPHORUM, S. [in Chemifiry] a four liquor, made by diffolving the butter or icv oil of antimonv in water. ACE'TUM 'RADICATUM, S. [with Chemiftsj the fliarpt-ft part of vinegar, having its phlegm drawn off. A'CHA, S. one of the four diftrids of Tefit, in Africa. ACHA'JA, now LIVADIA, a province of Turkey in Eurrpe, containing the famous cities of Athen'5, Delphi, Pythia ; the mounts Parnaffu?, Helicon, and other pUces cele- brated in ancient writers. A'CHAM, S. a country in the Eaft-Indies, bordering upon Bengal. ACH/ATES. S. [«X°^^?. Gr.] an agate, fo called from a river in Sicily where it was firft found. ACHA'MECH, S. [in Chemiftry] the drofs of filver. A'CHAT, S, [of achat, Fr.] a purchaf- ing or buying. A'CHAT, S. [in Common Law] a con- tracl or bargain. A'Cf4E, S. [of ace, Sax. pain, or a;^<2^, Gr. pain] a continued p:.in or fmart in any pait of the body. ACHE, S. [with Farriers] a difeafe in horfes, caufing a numbnefs in the joints. To ACHE, V. N. to be aflefted with pain. A'CHEM, S. the capital of the ifland of Sumatra in the Eaft Indies. ACHE'RNER, S. [in Aftronomy] a bright fixed ftar of the firft magnitude in Eridanus, whofe longitude is lO. 31. of Pifcet, and la- titude 59, iS. A'CHERON, .S. [Apcfp*v of «;/©-, for- row, and fsa; to flow ! or of a priv. yatp;-,', Cr. to rejoice, i. e. a river of forrow] a rivr.r ot Epirus, over which the poets ffigned de- parted fouls were ferried. Alfu a ftinking fen or Ir.ke in the Terra di L:uoraof Naples, be- tween Cuma ami Mifeno, naineJ Tenebtofa A C H Palus by Virgil, on account of the hhckn?fif of its waters. Figuratively, it is ufed for the ftate of departed fouls, or the grave. ACHERONTIC, Adj. of or pertaining to Acheron. A'CHIA, S. a fpecles of cane growing in the Eaft Indies, which is pickled green there, with ftrong vinegar, pepper, and other fpices. A'CHIAR, S. [a Malayan word, fignify- ing all forts of fruits and roots pickled with vin'-gar and fpices] pickles. To ACHIE'VE, V. A. [acheverVt.'] i. To fnifh, to accomplifh, to perform fome notable exploit with fuccefs. z. To gain or procure. ACHIE'VEMENT, S. i. Achh'vement, the finiftiing of a notable adlion. 2. The enfigns armorial of a family. ACHIE'VER, S. he who acquires, or ob- tains, or performs fome great exploit. A'CHILLEA, S. an iliand of the Euxine Sea, called the ifland of Heroes, the ifland Ma- caron, or the ifland of the BlelTed, Leuce, &c. A'CHILLEA, [Ax^XKisi., Gr.] fo called of Achilles, who is faid to have cured Jofephus of a dangerous ulcer with it, the herb miUfoil or yarrow. It is a good vulnerary, is cooling, drying and aftringent, of fervice in all kinds of hemorrhages, whether fpitting or vomiting of blood, and of fome efficacy in gonorrhaeas, ACHI'LLES, S, [A;5^(XX„;,Gr.froma;c®', grief, and Xwiv, to diftblve or mitigate] the name oi divers illuftrious perfons among the Greeks ; but more particularly the fon of Pe- leus and Thetis, ACHI'LLES, S. [with Anatomifts] a ten- don formed by the tails of feveral mufcles, and tied to the os calcis. It derives its name from the wound given Achilles, which is fup- poied to have been in this part. A'CHI'LLESjS. a name which the School- men give to the principal argument, alledged by each (e€t in their behalf. ACHI'SH,S,thenameofthekingofGath, to whom David fled, when perfecuted by Saul, ACHLYS, S. [ay\u<;, Gr. darknefsj ia Phyfic, a diforderof the eyes, occafioningdim- m^"^. Condenfed air in the uterus. According to Galen, a fmall mark or fear on the cornea, caufed by a fuperfirial extilceration ; or, accord- ing to Aetius, th'-' exukeration itfelf, almoft covering the pupil, of a verv light blue colour. ACHN'.', S. [avv6, Gr.] froth, chat^', fmoak, or any light fubftance, ufed by Galen, ifl'. For a foft vvh'te mucilage fwimming in the eye, very common in fevers. 2. A frothy m;itter with which the fauces are fometin»os filled in an ejtuiccrition of the lung'., ACHO'R, S. [Achor, Lat. oi^X''?' <^"''] 1 fpecies of the herpes. ACHO'RES. [of « negat. and x'"p;, (pace, Gr. becaufe thefe eruptions have out i linall ven', as Galen fu-ppofes J the plural of Advjr ; ulcers in the heads of infants, which perforate the fkia with many fm.)ll 6 hoks5 A C I koles, through which a thin glutinous mat- ter oozes. A'CHOR, S, avaireyinthefribeof Judah, fouth of Jericho, not far from Gilgal. Like- wife the name of a deity, called the god of flies, to whom the Greeks and Cyrenians fa- crificed, when troubled with them. ACHORISTOS, Adj. [«;!^:p<,-^. Or. of a priv. and X^P-?' f«paratej infeparable ; in Medicine, applied to thofe accidents, fignsand fymptoms, which always accompany each other. A'CHROI, S. {a-xf'^i Gr. of a. priv. and j(/>oa, colourj pale, according to Galen, through a deficiency of blood. Applied by old medical writers to thofe perfons who have loft their natural colour. ACHRO'NICAL, Adj. [ayjoviy-o-, Gr. rut of rime] a term in aftronomy. It figni- fies therifing of a ftar when the fun fets, or the fettting of a ftar when the fun rlies t in which cafes the ilat is faid to rife or fet acbro- mcaJly. ACHTE'LING, S. [gum] a liquid mea- fure in Germar;y. ACHTENUE'LEN, or ACHTELING, S. a dry meafure in Holland, ACl'CULA, S. [with Eotanifts] the herb Shepherd's net-die, or wild cherfil. Lot. A'CID, Adj. [of ari<i«j, Lat] four, fliarp. A'CJDS, S. all things that afteft the organs of tnfte with a pungent fournefs. But thc/Che- mifts call all fubftances acids, that make an efFervefcence with analcali. This, however, does not feem to be a true chara^leriftic of acUs, becaufe fome acids will make an efFer- vefcence uponbeingmixsd withaciVi of another kind, and alfo with natural bodies. Another mark of acids is, that they change the colour of the juices of the reliflropium, rofes and violets, red, whereas a/calies, efpecially thofe extrafted from animals, turn it green. Natural A'CIDS, S. [with Phyficians] are fuch as have a proper fliarpnefs of their own, as iuiceof lemons, &c. Artificial A'CIDS, S.fwiihChemifts] are fuch as are prepared by the fire in che mical operafions. Manifest A'CIDS, S. are fuch as affed the tongue with afenfe of Iharpnels and four- nefs. Dubious A'CIDS, S. are fuch things as have not enough of the acid nat\ .e, to give ienfible marks to the tafte ; but yet agree with the manifeft acids in other properties. A'CIDITY, or ACI'DNESS, S. [^cidi- tas, Lat.] kee efs, fharpnefs, that tafte which scid OT fharp bodies leave in the mouth. A'CIDITY, S. [with Chemifts] the ^ci- di:y or keenefs of any liquor that confifts in fharp particles of filts diflolved, and put in- to a violent motion by the means of fire. A'CIDULA, S. [in Botany] an herb, a kind of forrel. To A'CIDULATE, V. A. [addultr, Ft} A C O to impregnate with, or turn four by the Iflfu- fion of acids. ACI'NE, S. [with Botanifts] are taken for thofe grains that grow thick, or fmall grains growing in bunches after the manner of grape- ftones, of which the fruits of the elder-tree, powel, and other plants of the like kind are compo.'ed ; alfo, the protuberances in the mulberry, ftrawberry, (sfc, ACINE'SIA, S. [axmra, Gr.] the im- moveablenefs of the whole body, or any pare of it, as in an apoplexy, paify, &c. ACI'NI, S. [with PhyficiansJ the feed within a fruit. ACl'NIFORMES TU'NICA, S. [with Anatomifts] a coat of the eye, called alfo Uvea tunica. ACl'NOS, S. the herb wild bafil. ACl'NUS, S. [itKC.^, Gr.] a grape or raifin ftone. ACKMASTI'CA, S. [ox^arii"', Gr.] a fpecies of ihs fynochus or fever, which, during its continuance, has no remiflion or abate- ment of the fever. A'CME, S. [with Phyficians] is ufed to denote the third degree or height of diftem- pers, of which many have four periods, i. The arche, or beginning. 2, Anabalis, or growth. 3. The ^cme, when the diftemper is at the height. 4. The paracme, or declen- fion of the difeafe. ToACKNO'WLEDGE, V.A. i.Tocon- fefs or own. 2. To be grateful or thankful for any benefit. 3. To own or profefs a former acquaintance with a perfon. 4. To approve. ACKNO'WLEDGMENT, S. i. Concef- lion of any thing. 2. Thankfulnefs, grati- tude. 3. Confeflion of a fault. 4. Belief, attended with open orotefTion. ACKNO'WLEDGMENT MONEY, S. money which was paid in ancient times by fome tenants upon the death of their landlord, as an acknowledgment of the new one. ACO'LOTHJST, S. [axo^ovBica, Gr. to follow] one of the lowefl order in the Roman church, whofe office is to prepare the ele- ments, to light the ch«rch, te'c. ACOE'METES, S. [Ax:i^a7oi, Gr.] cer- tain monks in the ancient church, fo called, becaufe divine fervice was performed in their churches continually,and without interruption. ACO'MAC, S. a county of Virginia, in America, being a peninfula, bounded on the north by Maryland, on the eaft and fouth by the Atlantic ocean, and on the weft by the bay of Chefepeak. ACONI'TE, or ACONI'TUM, S. [aceni- turti, Lm.] I. Properly the herb woltsbane. 2. With poets, poifon in general. There are feveral fpecies of it, and moft of them are deadly poifon. AC0'NTI.4.S, S. a comet or meteor with an oblong head, and a tail, refemblinga dart or arrow. ACOTIS, S, [axsttis, Gr. of « Jieg. aad ACQ^ ktn^, wearlnefs, becaufe the oil wherein it is boiled is fuppofed to be a remedy for wea- rinefsj a precious ftone refembling glals, marked with fpots of gold. AGO PICA, S. [Axwjxa, Gr.] irxgredi- ents in medicines to relieve wearinefs. ACO'PUM, S. [Akottov, Gr.] a fomenta- tion made of ingredients tliat are foft anu warm. A'COR, S. [in Medicine] a fournefs at the ftomach, whence flatulencies and four belches proceed. A'CORN, S. the fruit or feed of the oak. A'CORNED, Part, [in Heraldry] bearing acorns. A'CORNA, S. [A)to§v<t, Gr.] the thkftle called And'-ofaemon, or man's blood. APO'RUS, S. [Ax:{(^, Gr.] Calamus aromaticus, the fweet rulh. ACO'SMIA, S. ['Axos-.uia, Gr. of a. priv. and n'.a-fAog, adorned] an ill ftate of health, with the lofs of the natural colour in the face. ACOU'STICS, S. aKticlina., of a.x.a-j}, Gr. to hear] i. Tlie doftrine of founds. 2. Ei- ther inftruments or medicines that help the fenfe of hearing ACOU'STIC, Adj. that which belongs to theorgan of hearing, ^coufiic nerve, in Ana tomy, the fame as auditory nerve. To ACQUAI'NT, V. A. i. To inform. 2. To be accuftomed or habituared to. 3. To know perfe£lly. 4. To make one's felf agree able to, to infinuate one's felf in'o the favour of. 5. To acquire a perfect and intimate knowledge of. ACQUAl'NTANCE, S. {accointance, Fr.] applied both to perfons and tilings, and fol- lowed by the particle wi//j. i. 'Application pro- duftive of knowledge. 2. Pcrlonal knowledge arifing from familiarity. 3. An intimate friendlhip and alliance. 4. A familiar and conftant companion. 5. Without the prepo- fition, I'omeihing to which one has been ac cuftomed, wlien applied to things 5 applied to perfons, a llightor luperficial knowledge. ACQyAl'NTED, Part, ["from acquMr.t'\ 1. Informed. 2. Accuflomed, or habuuated. 3. Familiar or haviiig perfedl knowledge of; and when followed by the panicle nv'ttb, fig- nifies perfeft knovwledge by application. ACQUi'ST, S. [from acquerir, Fr.] add! A C K confent or agreement a perfon makes to fol- low the determin?tion of" an arbitrator. ACQUIETA'NDIS PLEGIIS [in Law] a writ which lies for a furety againft a creditor, who refufes to acquit one after payment of a debt. ACQUIETA'NTIA de fkhh fef hundreds, Lat. [in Law] a freedom from fuits and ler- vices in fhires and hundreds. A'CQUIETARE, V. A. [Law word] to pay the debts of a deceafed perion, as an heir does the debts of his father, ACQUl'RABLE, Part, that may be ac- quired. To ACQyi'RE, V. A. [of ar/ww, Lat.] to attain, to puichafe by one's bbour. ACQUIREMENT, S. [iiQm'acquire]^\iit is gained, or acquired. ACQUI'RER. S. he who acquires or gains by labour or induftry. ACQaiSl' riON, S. [acquifim, Lat.] aa obtaining, the thing obtained. ACQni'SITlVE, Adj. that which is ac- quired. ACQUrSTS, S. \acju:fita, Lat. acqueftif Fr.] procurements, purchales, things acquired. To ACQUI/T, V. A. [of acquitter, Fr.] I. To difcharge or free from. 2. To clear from guilt, not to condemn, with cf, or from, before the crims. 3. To difcharge from any obligation. ACQUI'TMENT or ACQTrTTAL, S. [in Law] a fetting free from the fu^picion of guilt, or an ofience j alfo a tenant's difcharge from or by a mefne landlord, from doing ler- vice to, or being difturbetf in his pofTefhon by, any fuperior lorJ, or paramount. ACQUITTAL, S. [in Law] is when two perfons are indifted, the one as principal, and the other as accelTory ; the principal being difcharced, the acceflory of confequence is acqu tted. ACQUI'TTAL, S. [in Faft] is when a perfon is found not guilty of the offence he was charged with, either by verdi<fl of a ju- ry, or by overcoming his adverlaiy in the an- cient wav of trill bv combat. ACQUI'TTANCE, S. [of acquit] I. A dilchargc or releafe given in writing for a lum of money, of oth^r duty paid or done. 2. The writing itfelf. A'CRA or A'CRE, S. the moft fouthern city on the Phoenician coaft in Al'-atic Tur- tional increafe, fomething acquired or gained, I liey, alfo a town of Africa, on the cjaft of acquifition. In Law, goods not held by de fcent or inheritance, but obtained by purchafe. In Politics, fomething gained by conqueft, A'CQUI, S. [aqua, Lat. water] a fortified town in tne dutchy of Montferrat in Italy. To ACQiriE'SCE, V. N. [of acquit/are Lit.] to yield to, to comply with, to reft fa- tisfied with, ufed with the particle irt. ACQUIE'SCENCE, S. 1. A tacit confent, fubmiirion, or yielding to. 2. Approbation Guinev. ACRA'PULA, S. [ax^xiwaXn, Gr.] a re- medy by way of prevention of' drunkennels and furfeitini. Lat, ACRA'SIA, S. [a'xjac-ia, Gr. of a priv. and xEpavviz/yCi, mijceo, becaule the ancients uied always to mix their wine with water] in Medi- cine,intemperaiiceor excelslji eating, drinking, fleeping, or venery, or debility, impottncv, from relaxation or loft tone of the pait . Alfo excluding all repining. In Commwce, the thepredominanry ofcnequaiityajxvcaiiuthe A en either in mixtures, or the conftituiion of a human body. A'CRE, S. [of ager, Lat. or ayp^, Cr. a fielrf] a meafure of land containing forty per- ches in length and four in breadth. A'CRE, S.a word uTed in the Moguls do- minions, inftead of lack, to fignify ico,ooo rupees. Likewife a weight v.fed in the Le- vant, named more generally a rotte. A'CRE-TAX, S. a tax'laid on land, at fo much per acre, called in fome places acrc-fi>ot. A'CRID, Adj. [j«r, Lar. fharp] taking hot and bitter, leaving a painful heat on the tongue and palate. ACRlDO'PHAGI,S.[ofc;<;ihdocuiTs,and *aj/£iv. Gr. to eatj a people ot Ethiopia, that led principally on iocufts, which they took and failed in the fpring of the year, for their ftanding food the reft of it. ACRIFO'LIUM, S. [of acer fnarp, and folium a leaf] in Botanv, a prickly leaf. ACRIMO'NIOUS, Adj. [tiom aclmony'] abounding with (harp or corrofive p<)r!;cles, ■when applied to things. Figur.Uivoiy, Iharp and auftere, applied to behaviour. A'CRIMONY, S. [acriniowa, Lat.] I. Sharpncfs, tartnefs, corrofive quality, 2. Se- verity of difpofuion ; fliarpnefs of temper. A'CRITUDE, S. [acritiido, Lat.] a quality In a body, which affeifts the tafte with a fen- fation of rough, pungent, and hottifh four, ACRlVrOLA, S. [of aar /harp, and 'vi- §Ij a violet] in Botany, Indian crefs, of which there are five fpecies. ACROAMA'TICAL, Adj. [tn^oofjuai, Gr. to hear] of or pertaining to deep learn- ing, ufed in oppofjtion to fxoterical. ACRO A'TiCS, S. a term applied to fome leftures of Ariftotle on the more abftrufe parts of philofophy, to which only his moll inti- mate friends wer; admitted, ACROCHO'RDON, S, [of axj©- ex- treme, and X'^i^"} ^'■- 3 ft'i"g] ^ fort of large wart, having a fmall root like a firing, ACRO'DRIA, S, [u>is-.l:vs of axj'^, extreme, and J^y?, Gr, an oak] all forts of fruits having hard rinds or /hells, asacarns, almonds, nuts, &c, A'CROE, S, [in Botany] the narrie g'vcn ACT ACR'ONYCHALLY, Adv. [from acre r.ychal] ia an acrnnvchal manner. A'CROSFiRE,' S. a /lioot or fptout from the end of feeds before thev are fown. ACRO'SS, Adv. [vide Cross] crofs-wife, thwart- wift:, ACRO'STIC, S, [from dn^o^ zni ^uQh, Gr. a verfe] a pnetical composition, the ini- tial letters of which, when added together, form a pariicuhr name. ACRQ/STIC, Adj. that v/hich has the property of an aaofi^c. ACRO'TERS.or ACRO'TERIA, S. [in Architedure] I. Little peoeftilr, commonly without bafes, placed at the middle and both extremes of frontifpieces or pedime:''-ts, which ferve to fupport flatues. 2. Thofe /harp pin- cacles, or fpiry battlements, /landing in ranks about /iat buildings, with rails and bal- lufters. 3, The /ignres, whether of ftone or metal, which are placed as ornaments, or crownings, on the tops of temples and other edifices. To ACT, V, A, [from ago, Lat.] i. To be aclive, to exert one's adhve powers. 2. To exercife its aftive powers, to perform its pro- per funflions. 3. To perform the funflions of life, to be excited to aiSioa. 4. To per- form, in allufion to the theatre. 5, To coun- terfeit, in allufion to the ofHce of a player, 6. To be impelled, forced, or incited to or by aflion. 7. To exert sdlion, or produce efFefls upon a fubjeft. 8. To aftuate, cr be incited to aclicn. 9. To perform a charafter in a play. ACT, S. [of ai!7aw, Lit.] i. A deed, a performance. 2. A parr in a play. 3. The power of producing an effedt. 4. A deed, or decreeof parliament, or other court of judi- cature, 5. Ln Phyfics, an efTeilive applica- tion of fome power, or faculty, 6. With Me- taphyficians, that by which a being is in real aftion. 7, In Law, an inrtrument, or other matter in writing, to dec!:,re or juftity the truth of a thing. L". which fenfe records, de- crees, fentences, reports, certificates, &^c. are called aJ?:, 8. Matters of faft, tranfmitted to pofterity in certain authentic books and memoirs. 9. At the univerfity of Oxford, the by the natives of Guinea to a kind of /hrub, time when degrees are taken which they ufc in wine as a re/iorative and anti-epileptic, ACRO'MION, S. of axj^(^ and <w^©-, Cr. a /houlder] the upper part of the fcapula or fnoulder blade, which receives the clavicula. ACRO'MPHALUM, S. [a^-^^ and c/.t^'flX©', Gr. the navel] the top or middle of the navel. A'CRON, S. [a/;cv, Gr. the top or ex- tremity] in Botany, applied to the topcrca- fiiulum of flower plants of the thi/Ue kind. ACR'ONYCHAL, Adj. [from axfcv and K^ night] in .^ftronomy, the rifing ot a liar ACT of F.AJTH, S. [in the Inqnifiiion} a folemn day held by the inquifitors, for the punifhment of fuch ss they declare heretics, and the abfolution of the innocent accufed, called by them auto dafe. ACTS, [in Poetry] the divifioii: or princi- pal parts of a play, ACTIAN, Adj. belonging to ASi'mm. A^i^n ^ivncs, games inftifuted, according to fome, by Auguflus, in memory of the vi£lory obtained over Antony, I'e.ir the promontory and city of Aiftium ; though others f-y, that Ausuflu? only rcftored them. Aclian yeais. ■when the f\in fcts, or' the letting 0/ ? /f^r or Afriac jcra, in Chronology, a ferii-s of wl.e'i the fun rifef. 'years, beginning from the conqueft of Egypt by ACT fc'y Oclavlus, called alfo the aera of Auguftus. A'CTION, S. [aaio, Lat.] j . The exerting or employing any adtive powcis in oppofition to reft. 2. Something done, or performed, a deed, 3. Power, influence, agency, or ope- ration. 4. In Metaphyfits, the exercife of an ability, which a being has to begin or de- termine a particular train of thought, or motion. U\ Ethics, the voluntary motion of a reafonablc creature. In Painting, or Sculp- ture, he pofture, attitude, exprcflive of the pafiion the painter or carver would convey to the mind of a fpeiflator. In Horfemanfhip, the adion of the mouth, the motion of the tongue and champing on the bit, which is difcovered by an abundance of white foam, and is a token of mettle. With Orators, Ac- tors, &c. it is the accommodating theperfon, voice, and gefture to the fubjedt. In Poetry, an event or feries of occurrences, mutually coiinedted and depending on each other, ei' her re.il or imaginary, which makes the fubjeft of a dramatic or epic poem. In Law, a legal demand of, or the form of, a fuit given by law, for recovery of a perfon's righr. Aliicns are either criminal or civil. Criminal are fuch as have judgment of death. Umler this head arc included, ift, /]flhn% penal, which lie for fome penalty, corporal or pecuniary. 2. AB.oni upon the ftatute, brought on breach of any flatute, and which did not lie before, as an oc- cafion of perjury. 3. AtTiom popular, given on breach of fome penal ftatute, for which any perfon has a tight to fuet Anions civil are divided into real, perfonal, or mixt. The ASi'ion real, is where a perfon claims lands, &c. in fee, or lor life. AEiion perfonal, is that which is brought to recover what is due to us. Anion mixt, is that which lies both tor the thing demanded, and the perfon that has it. In the plural number, Amo/,s, in Commerce, imply the moveable eftedls : thus, a merchant's creditors have feized upon all his Anions, i. e. they have feized upon all the debts owing to him. Applied to public com- panies, an equal part of the (lock, which forms the capital of any trading company; the iame in France, as fhares, flocks, or fub- fcriptions in England, &c. alfo the obligation, inftrument, or bill which thedireiftors of fuch companies deliver to thofe who pay money into thtir ftock. Anion upon the cafe, in t.aw, a general anion given for redrefs of wrongs done without violence, and not pro- vided againft by a law. Anion on the cafe of ACT it IS pleaded that the plaintiff has rtb Caiife t* have it brought, though he may have anoihet for the fame. A'CTIONABLE, [from anion and wW, Sax. power or pofiioili'.y] in a Law Senle, that which will fiibjeft a perfon to an action j punifhable, blameable, or culpable. A'CTIONARY or A'CTIONIST, S. a proprietor of ftock in a public company. A'CTIVE, Adj. [a^iwj, Lat.] that which has the power vf aifling, as oppofed to palfive j bufy in aiftinp, as oppofed to idle ; praftical, not merely fpeculativej or in theory j nimblcj quick, apt, 01 forward to aft. A'CTIVE Principles, [in Chemlftryf are fpirit, oil, and fait, fo named, becaufe when their parts are brilkly in motion, they caufe atlion in other bodies. A'CTIVE, [in Grammar] applied to verbs that afKrm ftition of the word going before them. A'CTIVE, Adj. [in Medicine] fuch a dofe as operates quick and with fome force, aS emetics, cathartics, and cordials. A'CTIVELY, Adv. [from aniw and ly^ of lie. Sax. denoting manner] in a biifti, nimble, or induftrious, or bufy manner. In an aftive fenfe, in Grammar, ACTI-'VITY, S. propenfity, readinefs, n'mblenefs to do a thing. Applied both to perfons and things, a power of afting, opera- tion, influence, continual exert'on of our ac- tive powers, in oppofition to indolence. A'CTIUM, now called Figilo, in Epirus, a pr.jvince of Turkey, in Europe, famous (or a naval vificry gained by Auguffus over iVIa'lc Antony and Cleopatra, in the 723d year from the building ol Rome. A'CTIUS \NiEviui] a celeb'ated augur, in the time of Tarquinius Prifcus. A'CTON [from ac S x. an oak, and dun, Sax. a town] the name of two villages, called E, and U^. Anon, fix miles ftOm London, which derive their names from the oaks that grew there formerly. A'CTON BURNEL,aplaceinShror/!iire, which takes its narre from the B> rneis» who had a caftle here. In Law, it fitnifiej the ftatute merchant for the recovery of debts, fo called from this place, where u was held. A'CTOR, S. [anoi-, Lit.l he that does any thing •. he that praftifes, in oppofition to theory. A player. A'CTRESS, S. [aBrict, Fr.] a womaa words, is where a perfon is injured in his re- who psrUiiutes a part on the Itage. A fe putalion by words malicioufiy fpoktn. Anion prejudicial, in Law, called likewiie prepara- tory, or principal, is what ariirs from fume doubt in the principal j thus, v\hcn a younger brother is fned for lands from the father, and male who performs any thing- A'CTUAL, Adj. that which include* or implii-s adlion. That which is real, or has an ,riftence in nature. ACTUA'LITY, 3. [from onu;l\ i. The bafiaidy is obiefled to him, the point of | pow-r of exertir.^ aftion or ojecj.ing, adlivity, baftatdy is to be tried before the caufe can j 2. Real tv, or certainty, proceed. A'CTUaLLY. Adv. really, in h(X. A'CTION tf a Writ, [in Law] i» wheal A'CTU ALNESS, S. a qualUy whch dc- O notc» ADA notes 'h.c real'Hij' of the operation, exiftence, •r truth of » thing. A'CTUARY, S. [a3uanis,Lv.'] in Law, the reg.ifter or Cicrk who co.Tpiles the mi- nutes of the proceedings of acourtjparticuhr- Ty the cletk that regifters the afts and pro- ceerfings of the convocjtion. To A'CTUATE, V, A. [from ago, Lat.] to eX'ite to aflinn, to move, to quicken. ACU'LCATE, Adj. \aculcatus, Lat.] in Potanv, that which ends in a fliarp point, or is prick Iv. ACU'MEN, S. [Lat, of ^ac] fliarpnefs ; applied either to material objects, or ihe fa- cuitifs of the mind. ACU'MINATED, Part, [from acumen, Ljt.J fharp-pointed. ACU'TE, Adj. [of acutus, Lat.] fliarp- pointed, fliarp-v-itteJ, fubtl-', ingenious, vi- gorous in operation, or eftect. Acute, in Geo nieiry, that which terminates in a Iharp point; acute angle, that which is lefs than ninety de- grees. Acute-angled triangle, is that whofe three angles are all iif?^r«. Acute-angular fec- tions of a cone, the fame as an ellipfis, Acuti. in Mufic, ihtill, /harp, or high in refpeft of fome other note, oppoled to grave. Acute, in Grammar, an accent which teaches to raife, or fli.irpen the voice. In Phyfic, applied to difeafes, are thofe that are very violent, and termiiiared in a few d^ys. ACUTELY, Adv. in a fharp manner, with accuracy, fagacity, and precifion. ACU'TENESS, S. [from acute} Iharpnef?, applied to matter. Sigacity, or quicknefs of difccrnment. Capacity of dillinguilhing, or receiving imprefiions. Vehement, productive of a fpeedy crlfjs in a difeafe. Shrillnefs, ap- plied to found. AD, at the beginning of Englifli proper names, fignifies the fame with ad or apud amongft the Latins. So Addon fignifies at or near fome ftone; Adhill, at or near foma hill. A'DAGE, S. [aJagiWf, Lat.] a maxim or principle received as felf- evident. A prover- bial faying. ADA'GIO, S. [ItaL] flow, grave, folemn. In Mufic, a flow movement, ortinae: when it is repeated twice, as adagic, adtigio, it im- plies a very flow motion or movement. ADA'LIDES, S. [Spanifo] a kind of offi- cers in Spain, reprefented m the kw of Al- phonfus, as occupied in guiding and directing the march of forces in the time of war, and by Lopez, as taking cognizance of the dif- ferences from excurfions, tke dirifion of plunder. A'DAM, [Heb. a man, earthy, or red] the firft of the human race, and from whom all ,thc reft are defcenderi. A'DAMANT, S. [adamat, Lat.] a ftone, imagined of impenetrable hardnefs. Thedia- oiond, the lojdftune. Figuratively, fomething that has any i^rornr attiaitipn ADAMA'NTINE, Adj. from j.^'-^wan/] ' ufed in a bad fenfe. ADD I. Made of adamant. 2. Endued with the properties of adamant, not to be broken. A'DAM'S- APPLE, [Adami fon:um, Lat.] in Anatomy, a prominence in the throat, ia the middle of the cart'dago fcutiformis. ADAMl'TES, [from Adam\ a fed of he- retics, who imitated the nakednefs of Adam during his refidence in Paradife, and contemn- ed marriage, becaiife he is not faid to have known Eve before the fall. To ADA'FT, V, A. [adapto, Lat.] I. To fit one thing to another, to proportion. 2. To make one thingcorrefpond with another, to fuit. ADAPTATION, S. [from flj'j;>f] the art of fitting one thing to another, or the fitnefs, fuitablenefs, or correfpondence of one thing with another. ADA'PTION, S, [from adapt] the aft of fitting, or fuitablenefs. A'DAR, [Heb. mighty] >he twelfth month of the Jewifn ecclefialticaJ, and the fixth of their civil year, containing twenty-nine days, anfwering fometimes to our February, and fometimes entering into March. A'DARME, S. a fmall weight in Spain,, the fixteenth part of an ounce ; called the demi-gros, or h.^lf drjchm, at Paris. ADATA'iS, or ADA'TIS, S. amuflinor cotton cloth, the fineft of which comes fioin Bengal in the Eafi-Indiea. To AD'CORPOR ATE, or A'CCORPO- RATE. v. a. to joia.«ne body to another, to mix together. To ADD, V. A. \addo, Lat.] to encreafe by joining fomething new; to enlarge; to aggrandize. To perform the operation of joining one number to another. A'DDABLE, or A'DDIBLE, Part, [from add] that may be added. A'DDER, S. [Sax.] a kind of ferpent, whofe poifon is fo quick and fatal, that few remedies are ftr^ng enough to overcome it. A'DDER'SGRASS, S. Skinner imaginei this herb to be fo called Irom ferpents lurking about it. A'DDER-STUNG, a term ufed of cows, horfes, and other cattle, that have been bit by any venomous reptiles, or adders; a hedge- hog, or ftirew, &c. A'DDER S-TONGUE, S. an herb which has one fir.gle leaf, in the middle of which is a fmall ftalk, like the tongue of an adder. A'DDER 'S-WORT, S. an herb fo cvlle^ on account of its virtue againft the bite of ferpents, and, as Skinner fuppofe;, from its refembling the orbs of a ferpent in its growth, ADDiBl'LlTY, S. [from add] the poffi- bility of being added. A'DDICE, or A'DZE, S. [from adeza. Sax- an ax] a cooper's inltrument to chop, or cut with. To AT)DJCT, V. A. [from addlco, Lat.] to give up one's felf wholly to a thing, to ap- ply one'f mind v»holiy to it. it is moftly ADDV / A D E ADDI'CTEDNESS, S. propenfity, affidu- ity, a ftate devoted to a particular employ, ADDI'CTIO, S. [from aJdico'\ a transfer- ring goods to another by au£lion. Add'.Blo in diem, the adjudging a thing to another for a certain price, unlefs the owner, or another perfon, bid more for it within a certain day. A'DDISON {'Jofepb] thefonof Launcelot, dean of Coventry, born at Milfton in Wilts, on May 14th, 1672, and baptized the fame day, being not expefted to live. He was brought up at the Charterhoufe-fchooi, and was entered at Magdalen college in Oxford when but fixteen. ADDITA'MENT, S. [addit amentum, Lat.j a thing added, or addition. ADDJTl'ON, S. [from addo, Lat.j the adl of adding or joining one thing to another, in order to increafe it? quantity or dimenfions. 2. The thing which is added, increafe. 3. Interpolation, or the corrupting of writings or tenets, by tnferting fomething new,orfpu'ious. In Aiichmetic, one of the five principal rules. In Law, a title given to a man, bef:des his chriftian, or furname, implying his eftjte, degree, occupation, age, or pLce of r fidence. ADDI'TIONAL, Adj. th.t which isadded; th'it which incieafes. Wiih 'ifpeft to argu- ments, a great num 'cr, or more forcible ones. ADDi'TIOR Y, Adj. that which is added ; or has the power ot increafiiig. A'DDLE, Adj. [of adl, or add, Sax. a dif- ealej empty, rot' en ; commonly nid of eggs thjt produce no chicks, though J^id un 'cr the hen : and hence it is applied to a brain chat produces nothinsj. A'DDLE- PATED, Adj. empty. fcuUed, filly, ftupid, giddv he.ided, &c. To A'DDRESS, V. A. \ oi' addrejir, Ft.] I. To prepare for ufe. 2. To make ready, to prepare one's felf for any adlion. 3. Tu prefent a petition to. 4. To make app ita- lion to a perfon. 5, To direft one's l^>eech to a particular perfon, or body of men. A'DDRESS, S. [addtejji. Ft.] i. An ap- plication in order to peiAiide. 2. Tile fuit or application of a lover. 3. Behaviour, or gen teel carriage. 4. Quicknefs of underftancfint, preftnce o! mii;d 5. An application (rom an irj^ferior to a/uperior. 6. The direction ot a letter, or the method in which a petfon is direfled o. A'DDRESSER, S. [from addrefs] the per- fon who carries the petition and delivers the adrirels. ADDU'CENT. Part, [ar'ducens, Lat.j that which diaws to, or clofe. In Anatomy, ap plied to thole mufcl s that brine forward, clofe, ordaw together, the parts of the body to v/iiich they are fixed. ADF.'LARD, S a Aord of honour among the Sax )ns ap ropria'ea to the roval blood. ADcNOGRA'PHY, S. [of aS^v, a gl.md, £nd y^a^-i), a writing or defcriptionj a treatife, «r dsicfiption of the gland*. A D J A'DEPT, S, [of adipifcor, adepm, Lat] one that underftands all ihe fecrets of his art, originally appropriated to chemifts, but novy applied to perfons ot any pr<-ftfiion. A'DEPT, Part, ihorou-hly fkilled in any thing, well verfed in any matter. A'DEQUATE, Adj. \adcquani!, Lat.] t. Equal or proportionate to. 2. Full, pe.feft, proper, fole, and entire. Adec^uau ideas are thofe which more perfedlly reprefent than archetypes. A'DEQUATELY, Adv. fully, completely, in exa£l croportion, juftly. A'DEQUATENESS, S. equ.llty,- perfeft refemblance; juftnefs of correfpondence, ex- aftr.cfs of proportion, ADE'SSHNARII, S. [of adejfe Lat. to be prcient] thofe who hold the corporal pre- fence of Chrift at the faciament, but in a mannfr different from the Papifts. ADFE'CTED, Adj. [adfUius, Lat.] com- pounded, or confviling of known ,.nd unknovsn parts. .^.//"iifTcii cqudiions, |n Algebra, com- pcunJed eciuttions. To ADHE'RE, V. A. [of adhero, Lat.] to ftick to, like any glutinous muUcr; firti- rativeiy, to hold together, join, or unite with. To perfift in, or remain firm to a party, per- fon. or opinion. ADHERENCE, or ADHE/RENCY, S. \trcim adhere,] the quality of fii'-king jto 5 ftrong artacnments, fteady of peifever^nce. ADHE'RENT, Part, or Adj. clinging or (licking to. in Logic, fomethng added or not rflential to a thing, ADHl.'RENT, S. one who is, firmly at- tached to any perfon, parly, or opinion. ADHE'RER S. one who is tenacious of any te.'iet, or iharply attached to any perloit, parly, or proteffion. ADHE'SiON, S. the a£l of cleaving, or flicking to. Adhejion to a n.tural body is u!ed and adherence to a par-.y; but lometimes promifc- ouflv. ADHE'Sl'VE, Adj. remaining cl fe at- tachni, ft. I king, or keepinj; to, without any deviation ADJA'CENCY, S. i. State of lying near to. 2. The w ing itfelf fo lying. ADfA'CENT, Part. or'Adj. lying near, or bordering upon, contiouous, or touching each other. ADJA'CENT, S. the context, or words irr.mecutcly foHowing, or going before. ADIA'PHORISTS, S. [Irom a?;a^!!poc, Gr. indifferent] a na.me given to the rrKxierate Lutherans in the fixteenth centurv. whoad- liered to the fentiments of Mebnifhon. Af- terwards to thofe who fubfcribed the Interim of Charles ihe fiUh. ADIA'PHOROUS, Adj. [of a priv. aal ^(a<|>0|Ptj, different] indiiierfot (ir neutr'' ; '\r\. v.. nc oii^jy, applied to lutli falls, as are neither acid or alkaline. APJE'CriVE, 6, UdjeHivum, of adjiciot D a " L-t. j A D J Lat.] i word which denotes the qualities of a fubjeft, as a ^reat miniftiir ; the word great is an adjfdlive, as denoting only the qualities ot the n-.inifter. It derives its name from its being joined or added to another word, either exprelTed, or underftood, in order to limit the fenfe. ADJE'CTIVELY, Adv. in an adjeftue fenfe, in the manner of an adjedlive. ADIEU', Adv. [a ditu, Fr.'j farewel, God be with you. To ADJO'IN, V, A. [of aJjungo, Lat.] to join, to unite to, to add to ; alfo, to be contiguous to, to lie fo near as to touch or join to. To ADJO'URN, V. A. [of a.^joumer, Fr. compofed of aJ ana jour, a day] to appoint a day, to put olf to another time ; ufed chiefly et juridical proceedings, and the meeting ot parliament. ADJO'URNMENT, S. the deferring or putting off to another day ; delay, or procra- Aination. ADIPO'SA MEMBRANA, S. [with Anatomifts] a membrane which inclofei the c^llulas adipofas ; or a number of holes or cells full of fat ; but more particularly that in which the kidneys are wrapt up. ADIPO'SA VEN A, S. [with Anatomifts] a vein which arifes from the defcending trunk of the cava, and fpreads itfelf on the coat and fat, covering th? kidneys. ADIFO'SI DUCTUS, S. [with Anato- mirtsj certain veilels of an animal body, which convey the adepsor far, into the inter- llices of the mufclcs or parts that are between the flelh and the (\i\n. ADIPOUS, Aoj. [aciipojus, Laf.] full of adeps, .:deps-hearted or fat ; t;reaf) . A'DITS, S. [aditus ftoin adto, Lat. to go to] a palTage, or entry, the /hafl or entrance into a mine. A'DITION, S. [of aditum, Sup. of adeo, Lat. J a going or coming nigh to. To ADJU'DGE, V. A. [of adjuduo, Lat.] I. To give judgment or fentence in a cou.'t of jultice, with to before the perfon. 2. To award, to fentence. 3. Simply to deter- mine or judge. ADJU'DICATION, S. [adjudlcatlo, Lat.] the ad of judging, or giving to a perfon by a ju'licij) fentence. To ADJU'DICATE, V. A. to determine any claim at law; to give or affign the right of fomething controverted to one of the clai- mants. ADJU'NCT, Part. {adjurHum, Lat. of ad- jungo, to join to] I. Something united, but not efTential. 2. One joined to another as a companion, or afiiilant. In Philofophy, fomething added to a thing not efTentially be- longing to it ; a mode that may be feparat- ed from its fubjeft. yldjunBs are either abfolute or limited \ the former relate to the whole of their fubjeif^, the latter only ADM to a part of it. AdjunBs, In Grammar and Rhetoric, are adjeftives or epithets add- ed to enlarge or augment the energy of a vlifcourfe. ADJU'NCTION, S. [adjunffio, Lat.] the a£l of joining things together; or ftale of a thing joined. AD JU'R A REGIS, S. [Lat. to the king's right] a writ that lies for a clerk, prefented to a living by the king, againft thofe who en- deavour to eiett him. ADJU'RATION, S. [adjuratto, Lat.] the form of an oath taken by any perfon ; or an oath idminiftered to any perfon, whereby lie is under a necsflity of fpeaking the truth without difguife. To ADjU'RE, V. A. [odjuro,^ Lat.] to bind a perfon to do or not do any thing, under the penalty of a dreadful curfe. To entreat earneftly by the moft pathetic topics. To fwear by. To oblige a perfon to declare the truth upon oath; a form made ufe of among the Jews, which laid the malefaftor under.a necefiky of fpeaking the truth without dif- guife. " I adjure thu by the living God." Matih. xxvi. 23. To ADJU'ST, V.A. \adjufier, Fr. from ad to, inA jujium, Lat. right] tomakeconfiftent, to regulate. To fettle, to reduce to a ftandard, or criterion. To reconcile. ADJU'STMENT, S. [from adjuft'] a juft defcription, an explication and obviation of difficulties in a fubjeft. A juft difpofition of parts, wherein they confpire to promote and aflift: each other's motion. A'DJUTANT, S. [adjutars, Lat, of ad- juto] in the Military art, an helper, or aflift- ant. More particularly an officer in the army, v/ho affifts a fuperior, particularly the m?jor, in diftributing the pay, and overfeeing the punifhment of the inferior men. ADJUTANT GE'NERAL, is one who attends jhe general, affifts in council, and car- ries the orders from one part of the army to another. ADJUTOR, S. [udjutor, Lat.] a helper; one who gives affiUance. ADJU TO'RIUM, S. [Lat. fromadjuvo, to help] in Anatomy, the humerus, or (houlder- bone. ADJUrrORY, Adj. [adjuisrius, Lat.] that which gives, or can give sfTiftance. Adjutory bones, in Anatomy, are two bones which reach from the fhouUers to the elbows. ADJU'TRIX, S. [Lat.] a female helper, or a woman whoaffifts. AD LlBl'TUM, [Lat.] as you pleafe ; a phrafe ulcd by medical and mufical writers. ADME A'SUREMENT.S. the meafuring, or finding the dimenfiens r.ad quantity of a thing by the application of a ftandard or rule : III Law, a writ brought sgainft fuch as ufurp more than their due. ADMENSURA'TION,S. [of adto, and men/ura, Lat. a laeafurej the a^ of determin- ing ADM ftration.with the will annexed to it, Is grant* cd to the next of kin. ADMINlSTRA'TlVE.Adj. [fromadtnt- nijlrate] that which aids, fiipports, or aflifts. ADMINISTRA'TOR, S. {adminiftratort Lat.] the perfon who officiates as a minifter or prieft in a church. He that has the chief ma- nagement of national afF.iirs. In Law, he who has the goods of a man dying without will committed to his charge, and is accountable for them, when required by the ordinary. The office of adminiftrator is the fame as that of executors with regard to the burial, dif- charging funeral expences, and payment of the debts, &c. of the deceafed ; but as this power is communicated by adminiftration, he can do nothing before that is granted. ADMINISTRATORSHIP, S. [from ad' minijlrator and /hip] the otfice of an adminii ftrdtor. ADMINISTRA'TRIX,S. [Lat.] a female who has the goods and chattels of a perfon dying inteftate, committed to her charge, A'DMIRABLE, Adj. [admWabiUs, Lat. from admiro, to admire] worthy of admiration, A'DMIR ABLENESS, S.the quality which is capable of exciting won<ier, admiration, and including the idea of worth, excellence, and unexpefted perfeftion. ADMIRABi'LITY, S. [admtrabilh, Lat. the quality or ftdte which caufes admiration, A'DMIRABLY, Adv. [from admWMe, and /y] in a manner which excites an idea of contrivance, perfeftion, and worth, fo as to produce- admiration, A'DMIR AL, S. formerly fpelt ammtral, from amm'iral, Tevit, atr.nr.rael, Dut. and ad- mirai, Fr.] an officer, who has the chief command of a fleet. According to Dii Cange, tJe Sicilians were the firft, and the Ccrijefe the next, who gave this name to the comman- der of their naval affairs ; an^ it is fuppofed that Philip of France introduced the name into Europe in 1214; and the firft mention of this name among us was in the reign of Ed- v/atd 1. Lord high admiral, one inverted with power to determine by himfelf, or deputies, all crimes committed on the fea and its coafts, James, duke of York, and afterwards king, bore this office; but at prefent it is divided among fevcral pcrfons, who arc ftiled lords commiffioners of the admiralty. Under the a'fmirdl is a rear-admiral, who commnds a third fqiiadron of men of war, and carries hii (lag, with ihe arms of his couniry, in the mizxen-top of his ftiip ; and a vice-admiraj, who commands the fecond fquadron, and carries his flag on the fhip's fore top. A'DMIR ALSHIP, S. [of admiral and Jhif>\ the office of an adm ral. A'DMIRALTY, S. [ammirawte, Fr.] the office or power of the lord high- admiral, or lords commiffioners. k confilh at prefent of a firft commiflioncr, wlio prelides at the board, to prove a will, and, on that account, admini- 'and fix others, which take place in the order D 3 Xheir ADM ing or finding out the length and other dimen- fions by a ftandard, rule, or meafure. To ADMINISTER, [adminiftro, Lat.] to afford, including the idea of help or fervice ; to |;ive. In Politics, to manage, or conduft the aflPairs ef government, including the idea of fubordination. In judicial courts, to render, or apply to a perfon to take his oath. " To adminifier an oath." In Church govern- ment, to perforin the office of a minifter, or prieft, in giving the elements of bread and wine, (^c. in the facrament. " To adminijier the facrament." In Phyfic, to difpenfe me dicines, prefcribe and apply remedies. " yid minijlering phyfic." To be fubfervient to \ to contribute to ; with the particle to. " jid- minifieri to the pleafure." Spell. No. 477. In Law, to take pofTeffion of the goods and chattels ofa perfon dying without a will, to give in an inventory thereof on oath at the Com- mons, and oblige one's felf to be accountable for them. To ADMI'NISTRATE, V. A. [admini- Jiro, Lat.] to apply, or make ufe of. " In wardly adminijirated,''' A term peculiar to phyfic, but feldom ufed by rnndern writers, ADMI/NISTRATION, S. [admirifraiio, Lat,] the aft of enforcing, or applying, or giving fentence according to the (enie of a law, " In the adminijiration of his law.*' Shakefp. Hen. iV. The difcharge of one of the chief offices of flate, which refpefls the direftlon of public affairs. The a£live or executive pajt of government. Thofe who are entrufted'with the care of public affairs. •' The prefent ad- miniflration has retrieved the character of our nation, and made England as illuftrious as Rome or Greece are fuppofed to have been in the height of their glory." The due dif- charge of an office. The performitncc of the neceffary rites, the aft of diftribuling bread and wine, &ff, in the eucharift. In Law, the aft or ftate of a perfon, who takes charge of the effefts of one dying inteftate, and is ac- countable for them, when thereto required. The bifhop of the diocefe, where the party dies, is to grant adminiftratinn ; but if the deceafed has goods in feveral diocefes, termed in law bona notahilia, it muft then be granted by the archbiflinp in the pi erogati ve court : The per- fons, to whom adminiftration may be granted, are, lil, to the huft)and, of his wife's goods and chattels : 2d, to the wife, of the huftiand's, but in default of cither of thefe, 3d'y, to the children, of either lex: In cafe there be none, 4thly, to the father and mother ; after them, 5thly, to a brother or fifter of the whole or half blood ; in default of thefe, 6thly, to the next of kin, as uncle, aunt, or coufln ; and tor vrant of all thefe, ythly, to any other perfon, at the difcretion of the ordinary, (sfc. ADMINISTRA'TION,cuM tf.stamen- TO ANNExo, [Lat, with a teftament or will annexed] in Law, is where an executor refufes ADM iheir rsmes are fct down in the coTnm'(T\on. They have their chief direflion in the affairs of the navy; their jurifliftion is over Great- Britain, Ireland; Wale«,and the dominions and jf]es thereto belonging. All warrants for buiU'ing, and previewing /hips with warlike Acres, are flgncd by them. ADMIRATION, S. [tft/«;r^?70, Lzt.] a pafiion excited, when we difcover a great ex- rellence in an dbieft:. In fuch a manner as to excite wonder. " Reafoning to admiration.'' Surprize, including the fecondary idea of f')mething culpable. " Vour bol'lnefs I with " admiration fee." Dryri, In Grammar, a poi nt or ftop, which denotes, tba' the fentence before it implies wonder or allonifhment ; marked thuf (!) To ADMi'RE, V, A. [^.-/wrVo, Lat.] to Inok upon with wnder, inclu.iing efteem ; and arifing fiom the difcovery of unexpefted and 5ne::hsiifted excellence. Sometimes, but fel- jJon), ufcd in a bad fenfe, to imply the paffion of wonder arifing fror;i fomehing which is cxtrav-igan'ly vicious, and diforderly. ADMl'R-ED, Part, [of admire] that which CCcaGons E'^eat furprize and aflonifliment. ADMI'RFR, S. [from admire and er] a pcrfon wh'> fee's thtfp.'fiion oi admiration ri- fing at the f'tiht, or cdniemplation, of any thing furpiifingty excellent. He who won- der", orrcg-irds with admiration. ADMl'RJNGLY, Adv. [from admiring and ly\ as touched with adiniratinn,. " Admi- rir.ply and mnnrn'iiliy." ^bahefp. ADWl'SSIBLF., Adj. [ad>>}iiti, Lat.] that wliich msy te granted or admitted. ADxMI^^SrON, S. [<j<^»/.J//7p, Lat.] liberty pr perminioii of entering. Accefs or liberty ot approaching. A power of entering. The granting a propcfitinn not fully proved. In Law, is when a biihop, after examination. ;i!low'S a prieft to enter into a benefice ti v.ihich he is pre'ented, faying, admitto te ka- iifem. " I admit you as a perfon properly qua- Jified." To ADMIT, V. A. [admiito, Lat.] to , grant accefs to. To permit or fuffer a perfon to enisr upi-n an office. To grant, in a gene- ral f;nfc ; to allow. ADIWPTTABLE, Adj. [from admit, and a'~a!, Sax.] that which may be admitted, ap- plied Ix^'h to pcrfons and things. ADMITTANCE, S. [from admit^ a per- inifi'on of a perfon to take and txeicife the tunctioKs of any office. A.ccefs, paflage, or foweroi entering. A prerogstive, or right of finding a ready accefs lo the great. The ac- ledingto, granting, or conceilion of, any po fiiion. To ADMl'X, V. A. [jdmifce-i, Lat.] to join to^ 0' mingle vtiih fomething elff. ADMl'XION, S. [from admtx] the join ing, bleruhnc, or incorporating one body or fiuid with niiiher bv mixing. " By admixion ol idit, iuiph r, &f." Bacsn. ADO . ADMIO^TURE, S. [from admU'] the blending or rrinelmg rne body with another. To ADMO'NISfi, V, A. [admomi, Lat.] to exhort, or give advice, with the prepofition aga\nji. " Adtnnmjhed him againfl that un- skilful piece of ingenuity." Dei ay of Piety. To reprove. " AdmorAp him as a brother." 2. Thejjal. iii. 15, To give a perfon a hint, to warn- " A? Mo!c5 was odmon'ifoed of God." lleh. viii 5. To "ut in mind of a fault. ADMO'NISHER, S. 'from adirjifr, and er] the perfon who reminds another of his t'utv, ar.J reproves him fcr his faults. ADMONL'SHMENT, S. [from adnwmfa] a hint by \s hich a perfon is reproved for his laults, o' rem'nded of his duty. ADMONI'TION, S. [adnonltioy Lat.] a hint of duty. A reminding a perfon of his duty, or reproof foi the negleiSt of it. A ftate ot reverentis} awe and obedience to the warn- ings that are given. " Bring them up in the admonition oi' the Lord." Ef-bef. vi. 4. ADMONI'TIONER, S. [fiom admomtion, and er] a perfon fond of giving advice. Ufe4 lometimes in a ludicrous fenfe. ADMO'NITORY, Adj. [admonitoriut, Lat. j that whith gives and excites us to the perttxmance of a duty. ^' Adnior.itory, open- ins, what is convenient .for us to do." Hooker, To ADMO'VE, V A. [admoieo, Lat.] to move towards, to approach, or bring neater to. " If unto the powder of loadflone, or iron, we adriafi the north pole of the loadftone." Broivn. ADNA'TA, Part, [from ctdnajccr'] in Ana- tomy, applied to a coat of the eye, called /«- fica adnata; and likcvife conjuvltifa or albu- genea It is that which is called the white of I he eye, and is formed by the tendons of the mufcli-s which move it j likewife, thofe things, ■Ahich grow upon animal or vegetable bodies, luch as wool, hair, horns on the former ; and tupi',', miPeto, or other excrefcsTces on the latter. — in Gardening, thofe itts produced from bulbous rooted plants, clofely connefted with the parent plant, as in the narciffus, ama- ryllis, (^c. which in a year or two grow to the fize of the original roots. Ai.O'". S. [from a expletive and do, in the fame manner as the French a in affaire, of a and fain Xo do] difficulty, ,whtn foilowing much; "With much ado he partly kept a-? wake.'' Dryd. With the prepofi;iun about, buftle, noife, or tumult. " All this ado about Adam's faiherhood," Locke. With the words great, or more, it fignifies a greater appe^.rance or fhow of bufinefs than what is real, and is taken in a ludicrous fenfe. " I made no more ado, but took all." tihaiefp. Hen. IV. AD O'CTO, [Lat. to the eighth] a ternf ufed by fome philofophers,to denote the higheft or fuperlative degree, becaufe, in diflinguifhing qualities, they never went beyond the eighth, ADOLE'SCENCE, S. [adoleUer.tia, Lat.] '■ the ftale of a eroyving youth, commencing frotn ADO ftom his infancy,and ending at his full growth; «nd lafling at long as the fibres continue to in- creafe in dimenfion or firmnels ; commonly computed to between fifteen and twenty-five, Lf not thirty years of age. The Romans com- puted it from twelve to twenty five in males, and to twenty-one in femalas. '* A tedious time of childhood and adchfcencey Bentkf. ADO'NIC, Adj. [from Adorns] in Poetry, a Ihort ver!e confifting ©nly of a daftyl and fpon- dee J and derives its name 'from its being ufed in the dirges made to lament the lofs of Adonis. ADO'NIS, S. [Heb. pleafure] in Mytho- logy, the fon of Cynaras, king of Cyprus, by inceft J a favourite of the goddefs Venus ; he was fo beautiful, that ftie carried him away by violence ; and torfook the celeftial abodes for the fake of his company. But he being at laft (lain by an Erymanthian bojr, the goddefs wis inconfolable for his lofs; which wasiikewife celebrated by an annual mourning ; and the Kver Byblib's becoming red was generally ef- teemed as a proper time to begin the ceremony. Mon'ia Jacra, were the folemn ceremonies hnted at above, which v/ere celebrated at Byblis, in the temple of Venus, in honourof Venus, and in memory of Adonis. Adonidh bci-u, or the gardens of Adonis, were pots of fiowers carried in the procefiion ; they became proverbial, to fignify tranlient pleafure ; and are, by modern botanifts, applied to thofe jslants and flowers which grow in pots, and are fet on the outf:deo of windows, balconies, £^c. To ADO'PT, V. A. \cdopto, Lac.J tofub ftitute another perfon's fon inflead of one's own, and make him capable of inheriting, as if Jo by nature. " Yet I could fome adopted heir provide." Dryd. To acquire, in oppofition to what is inherent by nature. To rely or confide in, and make ufe of as if our own. ADO'PTION, S. [adopth, Lat ] The ad by which a perfon takes the child of another fur his own fon. ADO'PTIVE, Adj. [adoptlvus, Lat.] that ■which is adopted, in oppofition to a fon by procreation. ADO'RABLE, Adj. [adorable, Yt.] that which is worthy of, and ought to receive di- vine honour. ADO'RABLENESS, S. [of adorable, and N^ Goth.] the quality which renders a being worthy of divine honours. ADO'RABLY, Adv. [fxom adcabk and /y of the Sax. lic\ in a manner worthy of divine worihip. ADORATION, S. [a^orariff, Lat.] the aft of worfh'pping, including in it reverence, efieem, and love. The external atl of homage paid to God, d.fbini^uifhed from mental wor- ship. " By way of externa; adoration.'" Ha- mage paid to perfons in^high poils, or in gccat efteem. " What is thy toll, O adoration f' Sboktff. HtK.V. To ADO'RE, V. A, [adcro, Lat.] to reve- jenie, to honour with divine woifhip. To pay ADR a high degree of regard, reverence, efte«m, and homage. A,DO'RER, S. [from af/orf and fr] one who pays divine honours to the Deitv. One who ' has a gre.it and reverential reg.ird. " Hr; was fo fevere an adorer of tru h.' Clarend. In. common converfuion, a lover who almoft idolizes the objeil of his afieftion. To ADO'RN, V. A. [adorr.o, Lat.] to fet 'off with drefs. " As a bride aJorneih for her' hufband." Rev. xxi. 2. To deck wirji orna- ments. To convey fplendor, or pomp. To be embeUiflied, or graced with oratory, and elegance of lahguage. ADO'RNMENT, S. [from adorn] the ad- vartage of "rnament, applied both to drefs and the faculties of the mind. ADO'WN, Prep, towards the ground, downwards, or down. " Adoivn her ihoul- ders fell her length of hair." Diyd. ADRA'GAN TH, S. [.n-MedicineJ Gum Dragon ; it diftils by inclfion from the trunk or great roots of a plant, which is fmall and thorny, with thin Jiender leaves, and grows in feveral parts in the Levant. The gum is of difierent colours, as white, red, and black. It mufl: be chofen clear, fmooth, and twifling. It is of great ufe in medicine. Skinnersand cur- riers ufe great quantities of it in preparing their leather, and prefer the red and black, though all others ufe the'white or grey. A'DRIAN, IV. pope of Rome, born at Langlcy near St.Alban's in Hertfordfhire : Hi-s origHal name being Nich.'Brekefpere. V/hcn he applied to be admitted into the abbey at St. Alban's, he was rejected by abbot Richard, which fet him upon trying his fotlune ahroad. By his merits and integrity, he acquired the puntifical dignity in 1 154, and aflun-jed the name of Adrian. On the news nf his promo- tion, Henry IL fent Robert, abbot of St. Al- ban's, in company with three bifhops, tc com- pliment him, who offering him fome valuable, prefents, he refufed them, faying, with great good nature, " I will not accept your gifts, becaufe, when 1 defired to take the habit in your monaflery, you rejected me." *' Sir," anfk'.'ered the abbot, " V/e could bynomeatis receive you, it being repugnant to the vi ill of God, whole providence reiervedyou for greater things." Tiie pope replied, " I tharji you for this polite a.'".d obhging anfwer; ' and added, " D-areft abbot, abk boldly, whatever you defire, I (hall be always ready-to f.Tve St. Albaii, as I am inyfeU hisdlfciph." He ab- folved Henry from his oath, not to fet a(ide his father's will.; had his ftirrup held by Fre- derick, king of the Romans, as he mounted his horfe, and is reported to have died in 1 1 59, by poifun. or f hoaked by a fly as he was drinlcing, A-DiRl'FT, Adv. [drcif. 111. to be toffed a- bout, dt:fji! or adrifan, Sax.] driven at the plealure of a torrent. In a figurative fenfe, at random, without jcfiraint, wr following the firfl i.mpwlfe. 1) 4 ADRO'IT, A D V ADHO'lT, Ad]. [Fr. from adroit, icxte- xou] one wlio is very aftive; dexterous, cunniii , n"" Ciaity. ADRO'lTNESS, S. [from aJret't, anA J^S Goth.] dexterity; readiaefs, aiHivity ; afli duiiy. " Keither this nor the prccc^iri<j word fecm to be p:rteftly naturalized. ' Jih^fon. ADR'Y, AJj. [trom a and^'_y] in wane ot d:ink ; (hirfty. ADS JITl'TIOUS, Adj. [aJfcifir.-u^, Lar.] faken in to fupply or cotnplcie, added unnecel- fariiy. Spurious; inierpalited, and not ge- nuine; biirrowfd, o' counterfeit. AD,STR1'CT10N,S- [adjlrUHo, Lit.] the aft of binding together; conuading into a Iril'cr cirnpafs ; applied to medicines which have the power of contratling thole parte. To APVA'NCE, V. A. [a-L-aw; Fr.J to bring foi ward, with relation to place. To raile tc a higher poll; to prefer. To exalr, by im- provement. To adorn, heighten, to comnriuni cate hoficur. To haften the jirowth, applied to vegetables. To propofe ; to ofrer to the public ; to produce. In a mercantile fenfe, to pay the char^;es of an undertaking before the time of rcirnburffemeiit arrives. To give or lend a per- I'cn money or commoditie?, be lore he begins th" bufine*"' •• hich ii to reimburfe it. To ADVA'NCE, V. N. to come forward. To make a progrefs. ADVA'NCE, S. [from advc^nce] the aft of coming fcrivards, to approach. Gradation, or gradual intreafe. Raifing to a higher degree of dignity or perfeftion. ADVA'NCE FO'SSE, or DITCH, in For- tification, a ditch, dravMi round the efplanade or glacis of a place, as far as the counterfcarpc-, to prtv'-nt a furprize from the bedcger.'. [See FOSSEj AdvaiKeGua!:d,\_a'uar.t guarde,Yr.^ is tlie fitft line of aa army in battle array next to the enemy. ADVA'NCEMENT, S. [from advance] the aft of gaining ground, progrefs. " It makes da ly advancements,^' Sivift. Promotion to a highar ftation ; preferment. Raifing to a greater r'fch o{ perfeftioii, imnrovement. ADVA'NCER, S. he that promotes or forw-iids, ADVA'N TAGE, S. \ai-antagt, Fr.] ufed viih of or o-ver before the perfon, the better of a jjerfon, or fuperiority. Ufcd with make, taie, or get, it implies fuperiority aicjuired by Uratagem, or cunning. " Defigning to take ad^i-cntage, and profecute him." tiicift. A favcutable opportunity. In Mercantile afl'jirs, a premium, or profit prealer than what can be c!ain;td by law ; " You neuher lend nor borrow uro'i advantage' Mercb. cf Ven, To ADVA'NTAGE, V, .\.'\awntage, Fr.J 10 bc'.nttic. To improve, promoie, or for- ward. To acquire profit ; to pr.ilit. ADV.V'NTAGED.Part [from adiianta^e} fclTfiied of advantages; refined by fuperior aitjinmeni'. ADVANTA'GEOUS, Adj. [from advan- A D V tage, avantageux, Fr.] that which conduces to profit. Ut'eful or ferviceable. ADVANTA'GEOUSLY, Adv. [froma^- vanfiigeoui and ly] in a manner conducing to convenience, or profit. ADVANTA'GEOUSNESS, S. fervice or convenience. To ADVE'ME, V. A. [advinio, Lit.] to becoirc a part of a thing, including his idea of fomethine fuperadded, and not efTential. ADV£^\IENT, Parr, [ad-veniens, part, pref. o( adicnio, Lat. to come to] that which is fuperadded ; additional, incidental. " Ex- triniically ad'venient.'" Glan-u. " Yet further removed by advenknt deception." Broivn ADVE'NT, S. [adventus, Lat, a coming, an approach] the fpace of four wee.ks fet apart by the church, as a pieparation for the ap- proaching feftival of Chrrtmas. ADVE'NTINE, Adj. [adventlmn, Lat. of advenio] that which is actjuired, in oppofition to that which is natural. ADVENTI'TIOUS,Adj.[<zrfwsMm«,L3t.l that which is fuperadded, or aujuired, in oppo- fition to natural. That which is not of the fame nature. Addi-ional, or increafeJ. " Ad- ■ventitioui fires r.aifed by high mtats.'' D'yd. ADVE'NTURE, S. [avanture. Fr.J an incident, which is not under our dircftion ; a haz.ird. Hazarding a!! dangers. " Rtfolved to take Qi^ebec at all Ad-netitures.^^ Wolf, An attempt in which fome rifque is run. " Or, tailing in the adventure, die," D^yd. An incident, or occurrence. In Commerce, a parcel of goods, fent b\ fea, at a peifon's own rifque, to foieign parts. To ADVENTURE, V. N. to fland the chance, to run the rifque. " I have ad-ven- turcdx.ouy,'" Shalcfp, In an aclive fenfe, to endanaer. " Ad-L-imuied \\\%\\ic." Judg \x.i-j, ADVE'NTURER, S. {avantuner, Fr.J one who feeks occafjons of hazard; one who expofes himfelf to danger; a knight errant. ADVE'NTUROUS,Adj.[fl'ytfnCKr£ax,Fr.] that is ready to expofe himfelf to the greatcft dangers, ADVE'NTUROUSLY, Adv. [from ad- ■venturous, and ly] in a hazardous, daring, and bold manner. ADVE'NTURESOME,Adj.[from citw- ture, and fome, of lum, Sax. Thefe words were formerly wrote like the Saxon, from whence tht;y derive their termination, as tei'fum] in a manner fubjeft to hazard. A'DVERB, S. [adverbiun:,^^ Stom adxo, and vcrhum a verb] in Grammar, a word joined to a verb, adjeftive, or participle, to fhew their manner, degree, or quantity. Thus, he runs fwftly ; the word Jtoftly is an adverb joined to the verb runs, to Ihow the manner in which the aftion of running is performed ; and as this term is moft commonly joined with verbs, it derivesits name from thence, ADVE'RBIAL, Adj. [ad-verbialis] that which is uicd in the fenfe of an adverb. ADVER- A D V ADVE'RBIALLY, Adv. illce, or in the manner of, an acverb. AI)VERSA'R.IA, S. [Lat.] a common- place book. A'D VERSARY, S. [aJveifaln, Fr. adver- yiiriui, L^t.] one who fcis himielf in oppofition to another. An enemy, or one who feeks to do another an injury f ADVE'RSATIVE, Adj. {adverfaiivas, Lat.] in Grammar, a word which implies op- pofition, or contraft ; as in this Tentence, " This diamond is orienial, />ut it is rough." But is zn adi^erj:itii!e conjuniftion. A'D VERSE, Adj. ladi'erfus, Lat. in profe It is now accentedon the firft lyliable 5 in verfe, OB the firft by Shakefpeare and Rofcommon ; on the laft by Dryden ; and on either, indiffe- rently, by Milton J contrary. " Tvvice by ad i;erfc winds from Engl.ind's bank Drove back." Sbakefp. Ilsnry VL A£^ing in oppo- Cte direftions. Figuratively, contiary to the wifli or defjre. Applied to condition, unfuc cefsfiilj calamitous, in oppofition to profper- ous. ADVE'RSITY, S. [ad'verfuai, Lat.] a ftate which is oppofite to our wiihes, and the caufe of forrow. A'DVERSELY, or A'DVERSLY, Adj. in an adverl'e, or unhappy manner 5 difagree- ably. To ADVF'RT, V. N. ladwno, Lat. oi ad to, and •veno to surnj to take notice of; to re- gard, oHferve, or attend to: with the particle to before the obje<ft. " Not capable at once to advert to more than rns thing." Rayon Great. _ ADVE'RTENCLjS [from ad'vert} atten- tion to; -reeard ro; rondderstion of. _ ADVE'RTENCY.S [Uomad-vert] atten- tion; repatfi ; coiifideration ; hredfulnefs. To ADVERTJ'SE, V A. [c.dr:ert!r,0\i Fr. now accented on the )aft, but by Shake- fpeare on the fecond fyllablej to dccrmine a thing in fufpence. To give a perfon notice or information. To publi/li j thing loft, found, or wanted in thenews-papers, or by h,>nd bills, ■with a df Icription of its peculiarities ; now praflifed inftesd of crying it. _ ADVE'RTISEMENT,S. [accented fome- tinies on the third fyllilile, from advert ■fement, Fr.] admonition ; inftruftion ; advice. Pub- lication, a notice of a thing in a news- paper; or an article, containing the defcripticn of a thing loft, fcff. and a reward for bringing it to a piacs named. ADVERTI'SER. S. [from aduertifewA er\ he that brines, or eives intelligence, or information. The paper which contains ad- veitifcments. ADVERTI'SING, Part, aaivc in giving intelligence, advice, or admonition. ADVJ'CE, S. [advis or a-vh, Fr,] opinion or counlel ; inftrudtion; the refult of judi- cious reflection ; prudence, or difcretion. Fol- lowed by the particle ivith, confultation, or deliberation. Ufcd with the word reaeh-t A D U or kave, information, news, or intelJigence. Alivj/CE^QAT, S. [compound word] a veffel ufed by the ftate to bring or carry intel- ligence. ADVl'SEABLE, Adj. [from aJwfe and alal. Sax.] that which may, or is fit to be advifed ; prudent. ADVI'SEABLENESS, S. the quality which renders a thing proper to be advifed: firnel's, propriety. To ADVI/SE, V, A. [^tj/cr, Fr.] to re- commend a thing as ufeful. To give a perfon an idea or hint of; to remind. To inform, or give intelliiience of an aition tranfaded at 4 diftance. To ADVI'SE, V. N. ufed with the particle iv'th before the perfon, to confult. *' He ad- ■vijed '-.mth his companions." Jahnjon. To confider ; to examine ; to give one's opinion. AD VI'SED, Part, [from «ir,/^] deliberate; guided by prudence after a due examination of the nature and confequences. Done on pur- pofe. ADVrSEDLY, Adv. in a deliberate man- ner ; with due confideration ; prudently. With any peculiar defign ; on purpofe. ADVI/SEDNESS, S. a ftate wherein a , perfon h»s taken the advice and counfel of olhe-s; d'-liber.Ttion ; caution. ADVl'SEMENT, S. [avifemer.t, Fr.J ad- vice, or counftl. Prurience and circumfpection, ADVi'SER, S. [from ed-vije and er] he that gives advice or counfel; an advifer, or counfellor. ADULA'TION, S. \adulatio, Lat.] the a£l of brftowing more praife on a perfon than his due : including in it too high a commenda- tion of his virtues and excellencies, and an en- tire negleG of his defeffs. '■ With titles blown from adulation," Skakej'p. Hen. V. ADU'LA'TOR, S. [from adulor, Lat. to flatter] a fiatterer ; one who p^ys a higher compiment to anoiher than he deferves. ADULA'TORY, Adj. {adu'atorius, Lat.] in a fl.itKring or complimt;n;al manner. ADU'LT, Part, [of adi^ltus, Part, of ado~ kjco, to gtow ftrong, GfcJ grown up; arrive^ to the a^e of difcretion. ADU'LT, S. [fee ADU'LT, Part.] one who is arrived at the intermediate age between inf.Tncv and manhood. ADU'LTER ANT, Part, [aduherar.s, Lat. J the perfon who is guilty of adultery; or thing which de^afes bv admixture. To ADU'LTERATE, V, A. {ad-uh{iverj Fr. adu'teio, Lat.] to violate the bed of a married perfon by unlawful knowledge. To corrupt or debafe by fome foreign mixture, " To adulterate them with folt-petre." Boyle. To fpoil, by incorporating foreign words, " The prefent war has fo adulterated our tongue." SfjffJator. ADU'LTERATED, [fee to ADULTE- R ATEJ flowing from, or owing to the crime of adulietv. i, Ccunteilcit, though refeni- bling A D V feTrr.g in appearance, yet inferior in value. 3. Debafed by mixture. ADU'LTERATENF.SS, S. tlie quality, or ftate ot hcir)s; ailiilterate, couniertcit. ADUL'i'ERA'TlON, S. [ndulieram Lit.] the a£l of cofiupting by a toreiga mixture; or ernlf avouriiig to mak-e things pals for mere thsn thciT intiinfic vjlue, by its relemblance to fomcthing better. A thing which is de- bafcd, cr in a debafed ftate. " Such tranfla- tions are like the adulteration of the noblcft ivines." Filtons ClaJ]'. ADU'LTERER, S. [aduher, Lat.] the perfon guilty of lying with his neighbour's *vife. ADU'LTERESS, S. a woman guilty of the crime of violating her hufband's bed, by lying witli another nun. ADL'/LTERJNE, Adj. [adulterine, Fr. of aduhcrwu!, Lat. J Jn Common Law, a child got in adulttry. ADU^LTEROUS, Adj. [from advlter, and the Latin termination ejus, which fignifies a vitious qualilyj giiilty of adultery. Bafe and rckitupted ; idolatrous; the Jews being in Scripture language underftood to be under a contrait with the Deiiy, not unlike that of niatrimony. '• An adultcroui generation leek- cth a fiftn." Mntt. xii. 39. ADU'LTERY, S. [^dtihcVium, Lat.] in jts primary fi;jnification, the crime of being falfe to the marriage bed. Figuratively, idolatry. To ADU'MBRATE, V, A. [sduwhro, of ad and vndira, Lat. a fhsdow] to fhadow ; to give a fl:ght refemtlance, or faint likeneis, alluding to that of fiiadow^, with ie!'pe£t to tht. bodies by which ihfy are formed. ADUMBR A'TION, S. [rrom adumbrate] the &€i of giving a flight rei;refentation, 01 elluflration, " To make fume aditmLretion •«f that we mean." Bac. N'li. Hijl. An im- perfeit refemblance, like that of a (hadow. A faint glimmering, a diftant and confufed likenefs. In KeraLiry, when any figure in a coat is fo obfcured, that notliing but the bare profile, or outline, is vifible. ADn'OCATE. S. [adf'.ciius, Lat.] in the general import of the word, one who has the plcjdiog or managere.ent of the caufe ; in a mor«: confined fcnfe the patron of it. One who vindicates, or anfwers objed^iofiS made sgaini^ any tenet, or aiSlion. This term is in Scr'pt\ire, tpplied in both the fiifV fenfes to Chrift. *' We have an ad-vccate with the father." i John, ii. i. Ufed with the pjr- t'cleyijr, befi)ie the perfon or thir.g, for which the pica is ufd. " j^Id-vccatcs fcr folly." Pefe, I.crd /idvccatc, one of the officers of ftate in Scotland, who gives his advice in all cafes about makin- or executing lawF, defends tiie king's rights in all public meetinus, pro- fccufes all capital crimes before the jud.ciary ; concurs in all purfuitf, wherein the king has ifitereAj aj:;d is at liberty 10 pkasi Ail caufe*j ^ D I unlefs wTien jrfling as an ordinary lord of fef- I'lons, in vs'h;ch cafe he can plead only the king's, ADVOCA'TION, S, ffrom advocate'] the ofSce of an advocate. " JAy ad'z>«(:a(faa is not now in tune." O't'cf' ADVOUTRY, S. [a-joiitr!e, Fr.J aduU tery. ADVOWE', S. [adTCKc', or a-joue', Fr. from avoue'r, Fr. to confefsj he that has the right of advowfon. ADVCWSON, or ADVO'WSEN, S. a right to prefent to a benefice, in the Common Law, becaufe thofe who had obtained the right of prefenting to a living, were generally great benefaftors to it. Cowell. To ADU'RE, V. N. \aduro, Lat.] to confume by fire, to burn up. " Such a degree of hejt, which doth mellov/ and not adure.^ Bac. Njt. HiJ}. ADU'ST, Part, [adujiui, Lat. from aduro] burnt up, ftorched, and thereby rendered brittle. " Such a heat as will not render the body ad:Jl, or fragile." Bac. Able to burn, fcorching hot. In Medicine and Philofophy, thofe humours and that habit of body which arife from a fermentation of choler and bile» and betokens warmth of temper, choleric. ADU'STED, Part, [from adufi] burnt, or fet on fire. Warm, v/ith refpedt to the hu- mours of the body, or temper. ADU'STABLE, Adj. [from aduj}] that which may be burnt or fcorched up. APU'5TI0N, S. [from aduji] the afl of burning up, or drying. Applied to the blood, is the evaporating its mofl fubtile particles by heat, and leaving the grofTer, as half-parched. In Phyfic, an inflammation ab< ut the brain and its membranes, attended with a hoUow- nffs in the eyes, a pale colour, and a drynefs of the body. JE,, a diphthong, wherein the found of the A is very obfcure, ufed by the Romans and Saxons, butfeems now quite out of ufc among modern writers, being changed for the fimple e, as in equator, cquinoBial, and even in Eneas. MAfQA, S. [from Macus] a folenan ft- O, celebrated at ./Egina, in honour of .^acus, their king; who, on account of his impartial diftribution of juftice to his fub- jevits, is fuppofed, by the ancients, to be conftituted one of the judges in the world of fpirits. .i^'DES, S. [Lat.] in Rrmsn antiquity, a chapel diftinguifhed from a temple, on account of its not being confecrated. ^'DILE, S. [of ades, Lat. a temple] a Roman magifliate, deriving their name from their being furveyors of the buildings, both public and private; fuch as baths, aquaedufts, bridges, an^roads ; they infpccled the weights ar.d meafures; took cognizance of diforderly houfes ; revifed all plays be- fore ibtir being exhibited j had the care of th£ JET K ■ taxed the world] in Chronology, a fixed po'nt of time, from which any computation com- mencrs or begins, ^RA^RIUM, S. [Lat. from as copper, wh'ch was the only money in gfe till the 48vh vear of RoBiej the pui'lic treafury o£ tnt Roman ftate, like our bank, or exchequer; it w £ erefted unoer -lugaf^us, and maintained- by yearly voluntary coninbutions,.and guarded by three of the emperor's life guards, ftiled ■preefeEti israrVi, AE'RIAL, Adj. {ac'rlus, Lat.] conliftins of air. Produced by the air. Inhabiting the air. Placed in the air; lofty; high. AE'RIAL PERSPECTIVE, the art of giving a proper diminution to the fhades and buckler of Jupuer, or Pallas. It denves its ! light of colours, and fize of o.jeils, in pro- name from Jupiter's covering his fhield with | portion to the fuppol'ed diftance of the objeft the fliln of 'he goat Amalthea, which he is j from the eye. reported to hve fucked. This buckler he alter- i AE'RIANS, S. [tenant from y4<fr.-«s] a re- wards gave to Minerva, whofe Ihield is called' ligious fed in the fourth century, who derived by this name. [their name from Aerlus their founder. ^'GLOGUE, S. [from aij/of, Or. agoaf,j A'ERJE, S. [aine, Fr.] a neft approp/I- and Xcyo;, Gr. a difcourfe] a fpecies of pneiry, [ ated to hawks, and other birds of prey, wherein ruftics are introduced as the adVors, j AERO'LOGY, S. [aap, Gr. air, and ^ R A the afts of the fenate, and the examination of all books, which were intended for publi- cation. yi^'GILOPS, S. f«i>iXfti4-, Gr.] in Me- dicine, a tumour or ukcr in the great angle or corner of the eye, either with, or' without an jnfl:^mm.itioR. ^/GIPAN, S. [from aiyos, Gr. a goat, and Pan] a term applied to Pan and other faryrs, who are fuppofed not to have a hu- man face, like the fylvans, but that of a goat; the upper part of their body refem blina that animal, and the lower painted with a fifh's tail. JE'GIS, S. [from ctiyof, Gr. a goat] in Mythology, the name given to the Ihield or In its primary fignification, it fignified a dia- logue in verfe, between goaiherds, from Theo- critus, the author of this fpecies of poetry,- having introduced thofe charafters therein; but now it j^oes by the denomination of a paf- toral, or poera wherein the peifons are (hep- herds : from the Lat. paflor, a fhepherd. iENPGMA, S. [antyiji.ci., from a(Voj, Gr. an obfcure fpeech j a propofition put in obfr ure, Xcj/©-, Gr. a diitourfe] a nfcourfe on the natuit; an ' properties ot the air. A'EROMANCy, S. [frdm «^», Gr. air, and jWciVTSW, divination] the art of divining or foietel'ing hy the air. A'LROMETRV, S. fa«j, Gr. and fxiT^iCii, Gr. to meal'ure] the art of meafuring the air, comprehending the laws of motion, gravitation, preflion, eiaiicity, rarefaftion. and often contradictory terms, in oiocr to . condenfation, £f(r. See Pneumatics. exercife 'he fag.i>y of a penon ; oranob-j AERO'SCOPY, S. \art^, Gr. air, and fcure dcfcription of a thinj:, delivered in fuch ' «-xo7r£^, to look into] the oblervation of the terms, as render the explication diflicult, and '. air. the meaning not intelligible at firft fight. JE^OLIJS, S. [trom ^V-'w, in Mythology, the god of wind] th'j name of a ventilator, or inachine ufed to extract foul air out of rooms, called Tiod's .^^o'us, from the inventor. yE'OLlPlLE, S, [Aio'oj 7ru\ru, /Eolus's gates, from AioXoj, yEolus, the god of winds, and irv'Kai, gjtes] an hydraulic inftrument, confifting of a hollow copper ball, with a flender neck and pipe, having a fmall ori- fi<e i which being filled with water, and very much heated by fire, will afford a vapour, which ifTues out with a prodigious violence and noife. The ftronger the fire, the more /ERU'G INDUS, Adj. [from aru^o,Lat.] refcmbling or belonging lo the ruft of copper. Applied to colour, it is by foms defcribed as a green, and by others as a brown. ^RU'GOS, S. [Lat.] ruft, particularly that ofcopp r; veroigreafe. .^SU'STUM, [Lat. burnt or ca!cineJ copp r] in Cherriftry, made of thin plaes of copper pur into a crucible, with alternate layers of fulphur and fait, and continued oa a hot charcoal fire, till the fulphur is con- fumed. /ESCHYNO''MENOUS,Pait,[««-;(^-jvoy.£. V®', afhamed ; this plant fhrinking as if violent will be the force of the neam, till the i afteded with that pafiion at the approach] water is entirely evaporated. It is filled by in Botany, applied to thofe plants called Sea^ heating it red hot, and holding the pipe under fitive. water, which will afcend by the preffure of the atmol'phere. /E'KA, S. [Lat. of uncertain etymology. Sepulveda fuppofes it to be coinpofed of the ab- breviature, A. ER. A. annus aiat Augufti : pccafinned by the Spaniards beginnini; their computation from the time they were fubjeft to Auguftus. Voflius is of the fime opinion. IfiJore derives it from ara, the plural of <fi, fft the uibtJte money with which Auguftys i^'STUARY, S. [aparium, Lit.] ia Geography, an arm of the ca, running a good way into the land. In Pharmacy, a vnpour bath. y^'THER , S.[a(5Da,Gr from a;8£(y,to burn ot* flame, Anaxigoras fuppofing it to be of (he nature of firtj in Phyfics, a thin fubtile mat- ter, finer and rarer than air, commencing from the limits of our atmolphere, and expanded through all the regions of fpace. ^THE'^ AFE ' /ETHE'RIAL, Adj. [atlenus, Lat.] fi>!i:ething which belongs to, or partakes of the nature of aeiher. JEti.eri/:l fpace, or re- gion, is that (pace in the heavens, where the pure unmixed athcr is fuppoTed to be fouoc: ; and figuralivtly, is ufed for heivcnly- JEihi- rialoW, inChemiftry, named likewife eflen- tjai, is a fine, fiibtile, eflential oil, approach ing nearly to the nature of a fpirit. The pure liquor, which rifes next after the fpirit, in diftiiiing turpentine, is termed the atber'ial oil o\ turpentine. ^THIO'PS MINERAL, [compound word; it derives its name from its colour, vhich is black, and fuppofed to refemhle the complexion of the i^thiopiansj in Pharma- cy, a preparation of equal quantities of quick- filver and flour of brimftone, ground in a ftone or iron mortar, till they become black, and no particles of quickfilver remain vifible, It is preferibed as an ointment in the itch, and other cutaneous eruptions. ^.TIO'LOGY, S. faHioXo)-.*, Gr. from ojTja, Gr. a caufe, and Xcfof, Gr, a dif- courfe] in Medicine, a difcourl'e explaining the caufes of a difeafe. /E'TNA, S. [from ai9», of aiSsiv, Gr. to burn, Heb. a furnace] a burning mouniain, thehigheft of any in Sicily. The inhabitants call it Monte Gibello, or by contraftion, Mon G'thello, i. e. the mount of mounts ; for the Saracens, when mafters of Sicily, called it Cihel ; pronounced by the Germans G^kel, or C'fjel, thefummitofa hill; fothat the name Monte, Italian for a mount, feems, when joined to the Saracen, to deno'e bo'h the great impreflion its ravage? made on their mmds, and likewife to Hiew, that, in making a com- pound of two words in different languages, which im['ly the fame thing, they were not ▼ery nice in their obfervatlon of analogy. Its afcent from Catanea is 50,000 paces, but on the fide next Randazzo, only 20,000; its cir- cumference, at the bottom, is about 100,000 ; it is of a circular form, and terminates in a peak, refembling a fugar loaf. The bottom is pl.inted with corn and fugar-canes, the middle with woods, olive-trees, and vines, and the top is covered with fnow all the year. The prodigious quantity of burning matter ejeftcd, and the earthquakes attending its eruptions, have occafioned terrible devaftaiions and calamities. During thst eruption of 1693, fifteen or f xteen towns, eighteen cftates, with men and cattle, befides villages, and 93,000 fouls, were deftroyed. AFA'R, Adv. [of <j expletive, and far of /for, or fei>'ran, SixJ\ at a dift.vnce. Figu- ratively, foreign or ftrange. Diftant, in op- puficion te intimate friendftiip. AFE'ARED, Part, [from/wr] to be ftruck with apprehenfions at the ptofpeft of fome approaching evil, or fome mifchievous or ca- • Tii'ous obje£l; to be frighted; or afraid. I Hal, -Kit thou not horribly aftar'd?'" A FF Slakefp. Her. IV. This word ts nowobfoletff, Sedley being perhaps the laft author in which it occurs. JoLnJcn. AFFABI'LITY, S. [affabiUte', Fr. affa- iilitat, Lat.] a quality which renders a peifon ealy to be fpoke to; including modefty, good- nature and condefcenfion j generally applieil to hiper.orc. A^f FABLE, verbal Adj. [afaile, Fr. «/- fjhi/is, Lat.] eafily to be fpoken to, on ac- cour.t of complaifance, good-nature, and con- delcenfion. AVFABLENESS, S. courteoufnefs; ci- vil and complaifant behaviour. See AFFA- BILITY. Adv. in an affable, courteous, and compLifant manner. AFFA'iR, S. [affaire, Fr.] fomething done, or to be done. Employment. The con- cerns and tranfa£tions or a nation. Circum- fiances or the condition of a perfon. Bufinefs.In a ludicrous fenfe, joined with/i/r/c, an intrigue* " He had a little affair with mifs Fiftier." To AFFE'CT, V. A. [aff^Her, Fr. of affeflum, fupine of affcio, Lat. J to produce an eft'ed, to caufe, ufed with the particle loitb, Toaftupon. To influence. To excite, ftir up, or work upon the paflions. To aim at, to en- deavour after, applied to perfons. To have a tendency; to affume; k) tend to. To be fond of, or long for. To affume a charafter not real, or natural -. and to fupport it in an auk- ward manner. AFFECTA'TION, S. [affeHatlo, Lat.] an artful, or hypocritical afTuming of a charafter, or appearance, which is not our own, and to which we have no claim, AFFE'CTED, Part. [affeSu!, fee AF- FECTJ having the affeftions excited. To be peculiaily fond of, Difpofed, with the word ill. " No marvel then if he we-^e ill affeSedS'' Peifondted, or appeiring unnatural. *' Thefe antic, iifping, and affcEied phantafies." Rom. and Juliet. AFFE'CTEDLY, Adv. in a manner which has more of appearance than reality. AFFE'CTEDNESS, S. the quality of af- fumingan unnatural or falle appearance. Dif- tinguifhed from hypocrify by its objeft, that being religion, and this politenefs, grandeur, learning, &€. AFFt'CTlON, S. [affeaion, Fft affenlo, Lat.] ftte of being affe£led, or wrought upon by any caufe. Paflions in general. Love, fondnefs, regard, or good-will. Zeal ; a de- fire of obtaining. " Set your eff(£Iions on things above." Col. iii. 2. In Logic, an at- tribute peculiar to fome fubjefV, and arifing from the very idea or effence of it ; ftiled by the fth ol men, /To^ritr; quarto modo. Affec- tions of the body, in Phyfics, are cctain mo- difications, occafioned by motion. InMedicine, it implies a morbid, or preternatural flate of the boJy, or fome of its parts. " An hypo- chondria' al affefiion.'' Ct^amh. , AFF'tCTiONATE, Adj. [affcahni, Fr.J zealous. A F F zealous, or a ftrong and longing defire ; warm. Strongly inclined, or difpofed to. Fond, ter.der, with all the glowings of paternal love. AFFE'C710NATELY.A<ij.inanaffeaio- nate, fond, endearing, and benevolent manner. AFFE'C TIONATENESS, S. the equality or ftate of exercifing the I'ociai, bcnevoknt, kind, and endearing pafHons. AFFE'CTIONED, Adj. fullof afteaation, conceited, affedled. " An aj/>if?(cntft/afs that cons (late withaut book." ^bw^efp Twelfth Night. Exercifing the paffionj in a general fenl'e, " Be kindly afftEihmdo^t lo another." Rom. xii. lo. AFFECTIVE, Adj. [from affeal that •which afts upon, or excites a difagreeaMe or painful fenfation. " Ungrateful or affdTt-ve fentiments." Rogers. AFFE'RORS, or AFFEE'RORS, [affi- rour, Fr.] in Law, perfons appointed to t^x, aiFefs, and confirm fuch fines as are fet in inferior courts ; in court htts, to fettle the fines of thofe that are guilty of fault?, which have no exprefs penalty affigned by the ftstute ; in courts baron, to moderate amerciaments they are to affirm on oath what penalty they think ought to be infli£ted upon offenders. 25 Edw. III. c. 7. 9 H. III. c. 14. AFFi'ANCE, S. [affiance, Fr. from after] to confirm one's own by plighting of faith ; betrothing. Figuratively, truft or confider.cp, the efTeft of the mutual vows perfons make each other. '* Ah! what's more dangerous than this fond affiance.'' Sbakejp. Hen, VI. a firm truft, and unfhaken reliance. To AFFl'ANCE, V, A. [affiar.cer, Fr.] to bind one's felf to marry. Figuratively, con- fident, or fecure. AFFIDA'TO DOMINORUM, [Lat. the oath of the lords] in Law, an oath taken by the lords in parliament. AFFIDA'VIT, S. [Lat. he hath made oath] an oath in writing, fworn before an authorifed perfon ; which contains the lime, refidence, and addition o£ the perfon who makes it. AFFKED, Part, [from affier, Fr. or affido, Lat.] joined by contraft, affianced ; betrotbed. " Eaweaffied." Shakcfp. AFFlLlA'TiON, S. [from <j<f to, and/- I'lus, Lat. a fonj adoption, or the making a fen. AFFI'NED, Part, [affinis, Lat.] joined by affinity, or marriage to another j related to. •' If partially affined." Shakeff. Othello. AFFI'NITY, S. [affinite, Fr. from affinh, Lat.] relation by marriage : in oppofition to thaS which is by blood. Connexion; refem- blance to, applied to things. To AFFI'RM, V. N. [affirmo, Lat.] to confirm a thing as truth ; to declare ; to alTert ; t» tell confidently. AFFI'RM ABLE, Adj. [from affirm and ahal, Sax.J that wbich may be afJiimcd, or afferteB. AFF AFFI'RMANCE, S. [in Law] confirma- tion ; oppofed to repeal. AFFI'RMANT, S. [affirmam, Lat.] the perfon who affirms, or makes a pofitive decla- ration. AFFIRMATION, S. [affirmath, Lat.] the aft of rtrengthening or fupporting any opinion; confirmation. AfTertion ; or tena- cioufnefs of any thing or pofition atrtrted. Confirmation, in oppofition to repeal. la Grammar, what is otherwife called a verb, becaufe it exprelTes what we afKrm or aiTert of any fubjeft. Thus "'P\ttendear:th.''\ Endear- etb is an aff.rmation, becaufe it alFerts, or afHimj the quality oi endearing to be in Pitt. In a le- gal fenfe, the method silowed by law to the Qn^aker! as a pledge of their truth in judicial courts, inrtea..J of an oath, which they hold to be inconfiftunt with Chrift's command j " S-'Vear not at all." If they make a falf« affirmation, they are fubjedt to the penaltieB of perjury ; but this is only with regard to oaths of allegiance, and on public occafiona j for in criminal cafes their affirmation is noC taken in evidence. AFFI'RMATIVE, Adj. [rrom^,^^^] that which pofiiively affirms or alTerts a thinj. Applied to perfons, pofuive ; obftinate in opinion; dogmatical; or one that v/oull affirm any thing. Affirmative, in Algebra, applied to quantities, are thofe which exprefs a real magnitude, in oppofition to thofe which are negative, or lefs than nothing. Affirmative fign, in Algebra, is that which fhews that the quantity it is prefixed to, is affirmative, and is marked thus -\-. . AFFl'RMATIVELY, Adv. in an affir- mative or pofuive manner, in oppofition to negative. "Concluding not only affirmatively, but negati'uely.''' Brown, AFF'IRMER, S. that perfon who aiTerts a thing to be tiue; he that affirms; he who takes the affirmative fide of a queftion in a difpute. To AFFI'X, V. A. [affixum, fupinc of a/- jjgo, Lat.J to be fixed or united to. " Deter- mined ideas, with names affixed to them.'* Locke. To connefl with, to fubjoia, to eftablifti. AFFIX, S. [affixum, Lat.] in Grammar, fome letter or fenience joined to a word. " Ira the Hebrew language the noun has its affix." C'arie. AFFI'XION, S. [from affix] the art of affixing, or ftdteof a noun that has an affiic. AFFLATUS, S. [Lat.] divine infpiration. In phyfic, a vapour, or biaft, which is preju- dicial to the he.ilth. To AFFLICT, V. A. [affiiHuw, fuplne of affligo, Lat.] to ufe with fuch barbarity as may occafion a deep forrow. To mortify, or praftife all the duties of fincere repentance. To punifh. To be in adverfity, or involved in I temporal unhappinefs, AFfLl'CTION, S. [affliaie, Lat.] that 4 which A FF which canfes a fenfation of pin ; a very dlf- agreca'le c'rcumftance ; calamity. " All af- " Jhiicn if nanirallv grievous." Hooker. AFFLKCTIVE A.ij. [( ^ om offlia] that- vhich occafori', torment, mifs>y, or a fenfi- tion of pain on aicoufU of its d.fd|:reeablenefs j that w-h ch roncerns ; forrovv. A'FFLUENCE, S. [affluence, Fr. n^uenda. Lit. from ad, to, 3nA Jiuo, to flow] in its pri- mary fenfe, the fl wing to any place; re'ort, or concourfe. It is al Ti.ft always ufed figura- tively. AbiinHance of wealth ; plenty. A'FFLUENT, Part, [affluent, Fr. affluem, Lat.] in its primary fenU-, flowing to any part. " The affluent blooJ." Harvey In its fccon- dary, almndsnt in wealth ; plentiful; exube- lant ; wealthy. " Loaded and bleft wi'.h all the affl:.ent ftore." Prior. A'FFLLTENTNESS, S. the quality of being wealthy, or abounding with all theconvenicn- cies of life. A'FFLUX, S. [affluxus, Lat.] the a£t of flowing, or thing which flows. " It muft be by new affluxes to London." Graunt. To AFFO'RD, V. A. [from ferdsrn, or fcrdern, Teut. or vorderen, Belg. to promote, or afllftj to yield or produce. " The i'oil af- fortii grain." To fupply, caufe, or grant. To be able to fe!', without lofing. To AFFO'REST, V. A. [afforeftare, bw Lat.] to turn ground into a foreft. " He af- forefled many woods and waftes." Dai'te. To AFFRANCHl'SE, V. A. [offrancber, Fr.] to make free. AFFRA'ID, Part, [hnm affrayer, Fr] to be timorous; to be aftefted with fear, either by a prefent obje£l which may endanger our fafety, or by the ptofpett of a diftant, or future evil. It is generally fpelt with a finglc^, but this is more confiftent with analogy. To AFFRA'Y, V. A. [effayer, Fr. from a fro d cold, or chilly, the blood of people thus afi'edted being fuppoled to be chilled] to ftrike with terror or fear; to fright. AFFR.Vy,or AFFRA'YMENT, S. [fee To AFFRAY] in Law, formerly an aft'right caufed to one or more, by perfons appearing in tinufual armour, 2 Ed. lU, c. 3. At prefent, a fkirmi(h or fighting, wherein fome blow is given, or fome weapoii<Jrown. It diflVrs from an alfault, as this is a public, but that a per- fonal wrong. AFFRFI'GHTMENT, S. [from fret, Fr.] in Law, the freight of a fhip. See FREIGHT. AFFRi'CTION, S. [affriah, Lat, from td, to, and frico, to rnbj the ■a& of rubbing two bodies together, or one thing on another Fri£iion is the word now in ufe. To AFFRI'GHT. V. A. [from a exple- tive, 3nd freight of frlhlar, Sax. to fear] to aftcdl with fear, including in it the idea of fomething dangerous and mifchievou?, fomt- ihing that can deprive us of pleafure, or iffcQ. A F 9 UJ with pain ; and that the Imprfffion of this paffion is fudden. To intimidair, dif- heartcn, and be depiived of every fpaik «f courage. AFFRIGHT, S. terror, fear, denoting a fu.iden imprcffion, in oppofUion to fear, which imolies a long continuance. " In fear and fad "ff'tg^'t" Fairy ^ The obje£l which ex- cittrs, or caufes the paflion of fear. AF FRl'GHTFUL, Adv. abounding in fuch qu.ilides as may caufe fear. to AFFRO'Nr, V. A. [the is pro- nounce-d like an u fhort, as aflrunt, from af- fronter, Fr. of ad to, and frontem, Lat. th« forehe^id or face] In its primary fignification, to meet face to face, to confront. Figurative- ly, to injure a perfon before his face, including in it the fecondary ideas of contempt, difdain, and entire negleft of decorum, AFFRO'NT, S. [affrcni, Fr. affronto, Ital. fee the verb] an infult, or injury offered to 'he !ace; including the ideas of contempt and ludenefs. Indecent beh.iviour, outrage. AFFRONTER, S. the perfon who ofFers the affront. AFFRO'NTIKG, Aa.Part,[from affront'\ l\w wh ch ocraflons or caufes an affront. AFF'RONTIVE, Adj. [from a//c7:rj that which m v g've offence. AFFRO'NTIVENESS, S. a quality of giving, or ofifing aflfronts. AFFU'SION, S. [affufis, Lat.] the aft of pouring one thing upon another. AFIE'LD, Adv. [from a to, z.M f.dd, of fe'-d. Sax. and Teut, or ftu'.d, Hung.J to the field. AFLOA'T, Adv. [from a T^w^fnt, from fr.i'.er, Fr. to fwim on the furface of the wa- ter] borne up by the wa'er; floating, " On fuch a full fea are we now afoat.''' Shakefp, Ji'L Caj. Figuratively, fluduating. AFO'OT, Adv. [from « and foj'] walk- ing, in opfolition to riding. " Co -e cfoct thither," Hamlet. Figuratively, in agUalion ; commenced, " When thou feed: thit acl a- foot."'' Idem. AF'ORE, Prep, [from a and fore, offorar:, Sax. J S« BEFORE. AFO'RE, A. IV. [from a zndfore, Sax. for, Dan. -vor, Belg.] afiplied to timf, that which is paft; prior or antecedent to a thii;g men- tioned. AFO'REGO'ING, Part, [compounded of afcre an(] gcirtg] tha. which precedes any thing in order, or n otion. AFO'RE-NAME^, Part, [compounded of <i/crf and natr.ed] that whch has be<n men- tioned It a tormer part o' a v ork. AFO'RE-SAID, P.rt. [trom afore and faid\ th.it which has been (aid or mentioned prior to the time and place in which it is re- ferred tn. Al O'RE-TIME, Adv. [fmm afore and time\ in tines part, or ihbfe which have pre- ceded that la which they are reftrring to " What- AFT *' Whatfoever was written afore-tme^'' Bern. XV. 4. AFRA'ID, Part, [from affrayer, Ft. and fiiould therefore be written with a doubley, as obferved in affra'id] See AFFRAID. AFRESH, Adv. [from a and frejh, of ferjcb, Sax. fi'jcb, Belg. whence f}a:s, Fr. flewj a-new j again ; a fecond time. " They crucify the fon of God afrep.''^ Htb. \\. 6. AFRO'NT, Adv, {afr'.nt, Fr. to the face] in the front. See AFFRONT. A'FRICA, S. [At^-iKfl, Gr. from a, Gr. negative, and •^^iy-i^, Gr. cold J one of the four principal parts of the world j buuiided on the N. by the Mediterranean, and on the E. by the Red Sea, and on the S. and W. by the main ocean. It extends from the 35th degree S. to the 37th N. latitude ; being from N. 10 S. 72. degrees, or about 4320 miles 5 from E. to W. it reaches from 17 W. to 63 E. or 77 degrees of longitude, :'. e, 460 miles. Its fituation for commerce is preferable to either of the other quarters of the world j as it llands in the center, and has a nearer communication with Europe, Afia, and America, than any other quarter with refpefl to the others. It is fur nilhed with the greatcft and moft convenient navigable rivers j is populous beyond credibi- lity; its foil is fruitful, and produces corn in abundance. Gums, ivory, wax, civet, and oftrith feathers are in fuch quantities, that they never can be exhaufted by the har>d of profufion. They have very rich mines of cop- per j and as for gold and filver, there is no country in the world that can produce more. A'FTER, Prep. ]Jxorn^aJtei, Sax. af,ir or afaruh, Goth, tbre, Arm. abar, Perf.J it is applied both to time and pl.ce. Applied to time, it denotes that fomething had been done before. Joined with verbs, it ha a reference to time, with fucceeding or following. " On the fecond fabbath flfter the firft." Luke vi. I. Applied to place, behind, or following. •' That he might hear it after Jefus," Luke xxiii. 26. Concerning. *' Thou enquired a/"- /«r my iniquity," Job, x, 6. According to; agreeaiile to, in imitation of. " ylfier the oriental manner.'' Pope. A'FTER, Adv. [it is diftingui/hed from the prepofition, becaufe it has a relation to that which goes before it; but not to the fentence which follows it] fucceeding or following in time. "The law which was 430 years fl/i.;/-." CaL iii. 17. Second or foUov/ing in place, in oppofirion to before. " Let him draw thee after. ^'' Shake fp. Lear. A'FTER- ACES, S. [from after and ages] ages which are to come, or future. A'fTER-ALL, taking evety thing into confideration ; in fine ; notwitnftanding all that has been faid ; at lalh " yifterall, it they have any merit." Pope. A'FTER-B1RTH,S. {Uomaferznibhth] 5n Midwifry, the coat, membrane, or cafe wkereJH the fcetw, or cbi;*^, is inrloferf iu the AFT womb, called the fecundine, and derrv'ng* 'iT* name fi>om its coming away after the birth of the child. A'FTER-CLAP, S. [from after and da^, of clap, Brit, a ftrokej fome unexpefled inci- dent alter an affair is fuppofed to be ended, " For fear of after-claps.'''' Spencer, It is ufsi in an ill Icnfe, but leems a low exprelTion. A'FTER-COST, S, [u'-im after snA cofy] expences which arc incurred after the original bargain or plan is finifned. A'FTER-CROP, S. [itomaficmrA crop'] the fecond crop or produce of a grounJ in one year. To A-'FTER-EYE, V, A. [from afnrini eye] to purfue with one's eye ; to keeo Jil vie.v. " L»fr to after eye him." bhakffp. To A'fTER-GAME, S. [from after and game] an expedient after the original plan of firft attempt has mifcarrjed. — " Stil) there re- mains an after-irame to play." AiUif. Cato. A'FTER-HOURS, S.'[feldom ufed in ths fingular, from after and 'e-mn] the hours which fucteed or follow any acfioa. A'FTER-NOON, S, [(rom after inincov] that fpace, or interval, which is from twelve it noon to the evefiing. " On dice and drink, and drabs, they fpend the afierr-oon.'" Dr;d. Figuratively, in the decline. *• Even in th<: afternoon of her beft days." Skakefp. R'lcb. lil. An- TER. PAINS, S. [never 'ufed in ths fmgular, from after and pains] In Midwifry, thofe pains which are felt in the loins, groin, &c. after delivery, proceeding from a diftenfion of the ligaments of t.he uterus. A'FTER- PART, S. [fuim after 3-\i part} the decline or latter part. " In tiie after-pan reafon and forefight begin a littk to take place." Locke. A'FTER- PROOF,S. [from fl/r«rand/)r»r/j evidence, following that which has been pro- duced. " Under the expectation of his after- proof. ''^ U'otton. A'FTER-TASTE, S. [from after and tajle] that tafie which is perceived by the or- gans of fenfation after, which was not fen- fible during the aft of drinking. A'FTE'R-THOUGHT,S. [ from c/w and thought] an expedient formed too la",e ; reflec- tion, or thought arifing after the finilhing of a thing : Repentance. " Expeiice, and after- thought, and idle care." Dryd. ATT£R-TIMES,S.[fromfl/}rt-ani/;««. Seldom uled in the fingularj futire agss ; in lime to come. " In after-t'ima fhall not hold the world in awe." Dryd. A'FTERWARD, or A'FTER WARDS, Adv. I from (ftir and iccard, Sax. of ivairth, or tvairthi, Goth. J in fucceeding, or future time, referring to famething which preceded, and which it is fuppofed to tollow. " Prepare thy v.'ork, and afterward build thy houle," I'lov. xxiv."27. A'FTtR-WIT, S. {(rom after and wif] an unfcafonable cxpedieiit, or a contrivance S ^ whifth A G A vphich is too late. " Ajttr-iuit comes too j late." VEfirar.ge. A'FTER-WRATH, S, [from afttr and 'Kraib\ anger, when the provocation feems p^ft. " T'cxcufe their afur-iuratb.^^ A'GA, S. [Ardb. krj] a litle ufed among the Mogols and Turks, for a commander. AGA'IN, Ariv. [a^ert, Sax. 'gien, Din. of tff, Sax. one more, and are, Sax one, accord- ing to Skinner] a fecon-i time, implying the repetition of the fime aftion. " 1 will not tfffffn curie, nor ag^m im\ie." C««. viii. zi. At the beginning ot a lenience, it imports an addition to what has been laid before. " j^gair. I will be to him a father." lle^>, i. 5. On the other hand, denoting a cotrefponaence or reciprocation of ad^ion. " His fortune worked upon his nature, and his nature again upon his fortune." J-hnj. DiR. Alter fljk, a return of a thing given. " I did never ask ii you again," i>/jakefp. Return by way of recompence ; or reimburfement. " Th.it he hath given, he win pay again." Proi. xix 27. After much, cr words implving dimenlion, a repetition of the fame quantity which preceded, " As large and as deep again as ours." Dryd. " Want as TTUcb again to manage it.'' P'pe. When doubled, it implies frequent repetition. "It Itiuft be repeated again and azoin" AG A'JNST, Prep, [agcn, ongean. Sax. ge- gcn, Teut.J ul'ed of perfons in oppofuion, al- luding to the pofition of two armies ready to attack each other. " He that is not with me, is agaifft me." Matth. xx. 30. After fpeak, to be rerrefented in a bad light. " This ki\ is every where I'poken agnirji." Ails xxviii. 2a. Applied to motion, contrary direflion ; or that in which one bodv meets with another. "Troutsand falmons fwimi?o'j;>/?the|ftream." Bac. Clofe to, joining, or contiguous, *' The pi(Sure hangs agairji the wall." Immediately preceding ; previous to, or near. " jigainj} that feal'on comes." ^hakefp. AGA'LLOCHUM, S. a fpecies of aloes- wood, in the Eaft-Indies. AGATE, S. [from aj/c-n, Gr, love] lovs-feafts, exercifed by the primitive Chri- flians; originally cf fuch fervicc, that they caufed the admiration of the Heathens ; but feeing attended with fome incidents which are better guefTed at, than mentioned, the whole was at length difufed, AGA'PE, Aiv. [from a and gape, from gape, Ifl. ghpar.. Sax, gaeptn, Bclg. to fet any thine, and particularly the mouth, wide open] a (tupid kind of admiration ; wondering, as expreffed by the ignorant, with open mouths. " The whole croud flood agape." SpeEi, No. 572. A'GARIC, S, [agar'icus, Lat ] in Botany, an excrefcence growing in the Hiape of a mufh- room, upon the trunk and great branches of the oak and other trees, but the larch-tree efpe- cially. Mineral Agaric, is a kind of (lone found in the clefts of rocks in Germany. AGE AGA'ST, Adv. [from a and i-^j/?, a fpec- trt, /, e. terrified as if one had Icen a fpectre or ghoft, according to Skinner : but is it not mote natural to derive it from aya^o^uaj, Gr. to Icok upon with amaze] with all the figns of a perlon who is terrifi d at the fight of feme dreadful objeft. " With ftiudd'ring horror pale, and tyci agaj}," Par, LoJ), A'GATE, S. [agate, Fr, agat, Belg. of ax^-r^.', Gr.J a precious ftone of the flmt kind, much harder than jafper, and receives a better poli/h. Its colours are various, and in foine of them, reprefcnt fuch f cures Ai are very furprifing, jigat:, likewife, among the gold wire-drawers, is the inihument they make ufe of in burnifhing, and deiives its name from the agate-ftone, which is in the middle, and forms the moft confiderable part of it. A'GATY, Adj, [from agatti pertaking of the natnrs of Agate. AGA'VE, S. [Lat.] in Botany, the com- mon American aloe. AGA'ZED, Fart, [from agaxe,"] ftruck with a fudden terror ; terrified to ftupidity. '* All the whole army flood agazcJ at him." Sl'akefp. Hen. VI. AGE, S. [from age, Tt. atta, Say:, or a. Run. and Dan. always] any limited part of duration, or time, applied both to peifons and ttiin^j'. " His life being feven aga." ^kakefp. The number of years of which a perfon's life conlifts ; the period of his exiftence. " The whole age of Jacob was 147 years." Gen. xlvii. 28. The advanced part of a long lit'ej that ftats of life wherein a perfon has feen a great number of years, in oppofition to youth. The fpace of 100 years. In aftronomy, ap- plied to the moon, it is the number of days elapfed fince the lallconjunftion, or full moon, ililed her quarter. In Chronolo^-y, a certain period of ycarspaiTsd llnce the creation. This by fome is rediic-.-d to three portions, viz. the age of the law of nature, from Adam to Mo- fes ; the age of the Jewifh law, from Mofes to Chrift ; and the age of grace, from thence to the prefent year 1770. Others divide this grand period into fix ages ; the ift, t'rorr. the creation to the deluge, contain; 165G years. 2d, From thence to Abraham's enter-' ing the promifed land, 426 years. 3d, To the deliverance from Egypt, 430. 4th, To the foundation of Solomon's temple, 467. 5ih, To the foundation of the temple in the Bjby- lonilh captivity, 424. And the 6th, From the Babylonifh captivity to the birth ot Chrifl, in- cluding 484 years. The poets divide the world into four ages ; called the Goken, Silver, Brazen, and Irofi age. Age in Law, is that time of life at which a perfon is qualified to af- fume and exercife certain offices of fociety, which before he WiS, for want of years, inca- pable of. The age of twenty- one is the full age, when a m^nor woman may contraft, and ma- nage for themf«lv«3 with rcfpetl tfi their eflates, A'GED, A G G A'GED, Adj. [from age] that which has lived a kngcourfe, or lenes of years, genenlly applied ;o animals. Fituraiivt-iy, lliatvhich has flood lor many years j decayed fcy length of tinie, apolied to iii?nimate thinRS. A'GEDLy, Adv. [troni aged, and !y] after iiXion. A G G cation, thofe fu"bftanccs which i;ave a (jualiry of ^lev.ini;, or ftick'uii any bodies to{;ethcr. In phyfic, flrengtheniiig medl'tincs, which ad- hering to the folirls in the humjn body, re- cruit and fupply what is wafted in the animal 4he manner of a peilon advanced in years, or in the decline of life. A'GEN, Ad. [^gen, Sax.] a repetition of the fame deed 5 fomething by way of reply to what had been faid. " Thus her fon reply'd irp-fn." Dryd. This is the true fpeiiing, thi u^;h now ufed only by pocta for the \a^& of riivme. See AGAIN. A'GENCY, S. [from agcnt^ the quality of afting; a£tion J the date of bting in, or ex- erting aiSiion. " The fuperintendence and ttgency of Providence." IVocd-zv. i\GENH]'NE, S. [from agen, Sax. eygcn, Teut. one's own, and hire, a fervantj in L'.w, a gueil at an inn, who alter three nights con- tinuance therein, is deemed one of the fa- mily. A'GENT, Part, [from agcns, Lat. part, of oge, to aftj that which afts, or is a£tive, in oppofition to patient, or paffive. " The force of imajiination upon the bocj agent,'''' Bac. Nat. WJl. A'GENT, S, \agen'., Lat.] a being endued with the power oi .iC\ion. " A miracle is a work exceeding the power of any created agent." Hcutij. In [hyfic, that which is en- dued wizh pov;cr to a£t on another, and to produce a change or alteration by fuch aition. ' The fchools divide .igents into natural, ot free. Nitural, are thofe which are determined by the great author rM' nature to one fort of eftVdi, vith an incapacity to perform any oiiitr, as fire \o heit only, not to cool. A free agent is that which iray do or not do any action, and has the confcicus perception tiiat his aiiions are cauied by his own will, without any ex- ternal neceflity, or dcterniin uion whatever. h\ Commerce, an agfni is a perfon entrufted with tranfacling bufiuefs for another ;t a dj:- tancc, or the ncgociat.on of the aHairs ot a fttte Of corporation. A'GENT and PA'Tl^Ltl'T, [in Law] is a pet fon who does o.- j, ves fomtthin^ to himiclf, htiig b'jt!) the docr of a thinjj and the party to whom it IS < one. I'lUi", a creditor, being Irf: eyectitor, lie may r';:a;n fo much ol tlie eilate of the dec^jied, is will pny his debt and by that mean^ become b^th agent .■nUy'-rt- f'e>!t, i. e. the party to whom the ocjt is dUv, and the perfon wh 1 ;-ays ir. To AGGLO'iV^LK AT2, V. A. [a^rgjomc to, Lat.j to gather up ir. a ball j to jiather to gather. To AGGLO'MERATE, V. N. to cludti together, apphed to the .''u'arniing ol bets, Fi- guratively, 10 iiick together fo a> 10 compoft one rPifi-. AGGLU'TIN ANTS, S. [rgg'::n':ar.i Uov. *d to, and glutin, gluej ia its primary fi^nili- To AGGLU'TINATE, V A, [fee AG- GLUTINANTS] ta unite one part to ano- ther, as it were with glue ; to make one part flick to another. *"' yjyglut'inat'ing to ihuls parts." Hari/eV' Ufed with the particle ra. AGGLUl'lN.'v'TlON, S. [from agg^itti- nate] in its piimary fignilication, to join two bodies faft ro ethef. AGGLU'TIN ATIVE, Adj. [fromagg/u- tinale] in Medicine, that whicJi has the power ot thickening the animal juces, fo as to ren- der them tit for nourifliing. To A'GGRANDIZE, V. A. [agg>a>!dlfer, Fr. j to exalt, prefer, or make conliccrable by the addition of pofls and penfionf. To enlarge, exalt, or ennoble, avplied to the fatuities anj lenlinients ot the mind. AGGRA'NDIZEMENT, S. [from ag- grandixe] the aft of promotinj; to a higli place in a flate ; or the act of conferring power, ho- nour, atid wealth, on a perfon. A'GGRANUIZER, S. [rem aggrand.'xi: and er, implving ag<-ncv, from iraiVj Goth. and ivar, S.iX.J the perfon v.ho conteVs ho- nour and riches on another, or one who makes great. To AGGRA'TE, V, A. [^r aggraiare, hil. gi-iitus, Lat.] to ingratiate One's I'clfj to gain the eftecni of a icrfon ; applied to the addiefles of a fu<tor to the obieft of his love. To A'GGRAVATE, \agr,(}vi!t„nij fitpine of aggra-vo, Lat. from ad, to, and gravis, heavy] to lucreafc the weitht of a thing ; in is primary fenfe. Li its fecondary or figura- tive lenfej to add to the enormity applied to crimes. AGGRAVATION, S. [from aggravate} the aift of makinjT wcrfe, applied to the dcmer'.c of aftions. Some circumfl.ince which heigli- tens the guilt of any crime, &c. A'GGRlGATE, Attj. [aggregattn, Lat.] an alTfirvblage, or collechon of ibc pntticlcs into one mafs. " Aggugate forms of particular thin;;." 'Ray. A'G GREG ATE, S. [aggngatm, Lat.] an ad'cnbl^ge formed of leveral particnlass. /Jhe f;.m tut-1, or rcfult of fevcral things added to- gether. To A'aGRECATE, V. A. [aggr/goj.^t.'] to coUeft together feveri.l particuiais ifito one lum, or feveral parcel? or particles into one mafs. " The agtrrrgjted fol." Par. Lojl. AGGREGA'riON, S. [i'rom aggre^atlc, Lat.j a whole made up at feveral parts added together. In Arithmetic, the fom total, formi- •;'1 by the addition of feveral units together. In ;hyfics, an afiVmblage of feveral things, whicii havf no natural conneiflion with ea.'h othsv. To AGGRE'SS,. V. A. [from aggre/nx, E luj'. n: A G 1 fupine of agfrrtdior, Lat, to attack, to (^t upon] to coiTifnit the firft a£l of hoftili;y; to make the tirfl attack; to occafion or beg'n a quar- rel. AGGRE'SSION, S. {aggyffi", Lat.] the sf> of beginning a qujrrel, or being guihy of the firft attack. AGGRE'SSOR, S. [See AGGRESS] the per on who commits the firft aft ofhofiiiity or injury. " We are in danger already ot appear- ing the firft aggrejjirs." Sivift. With due de- ference to fo great a genius, let it be obferved, that the woriji^ji is iiied very improperly in this fcntence, it being included in the word Oggrfjfor itfelf. AGGRIE'VANCE.S. [fee AGGRIEVE] an aftion which caules pain, or uneafinefs in the perfon to whom it is done, and includes in it the fecondary idea of injury, or fomething undefervec". To AGGRIE'VE, V. [f:om a^, for ad, to, and p-'if^f, formerly wrote grel-ve itom gre%'er. Fr. to vex, of gratih, Lat. grievous] to do or fay fomething which fhall make a pcrlon \in eafy. " Which yet aggrieves my heart.' Spencer. To offer an injury, which fhall occa- fion vexation. A'. B. In all thefe fenfes, the idea of grief is includcJ, as flawing fiom their difagreeablenefsjor the inconvenience to which they fubjeft the perfon who endures ihem. AGHA'ST, Adv. [from a>'«(v^a(, Gr. to be aftoniflied; but, according to Skinner, from a and gl-^ajl, Sax. and Goih. a fpeftre, or apparitif^n, or ghoft j bec.iufe thty vvho fee thofe fights are afiscled with thi-i pafTion] all the figns of a perfon terrified by an apjjaiition, like one who had feen a ghoft. " With dreary drooping eyne locked up like one agbaj},^' Sirircer, Elegantly applied to inaiii mate things, as in the following fentence to the earth at the refurreftion. " The aged «a;th agbaft — Shall from the furface to the center quake " R!il. CLr Njt. A'GILD, Part. [i:gi!d, Sax. from a nega- tive, and gilJ, Sax. a fine, or a price fet on a perfo.a's life, from gUdan, Sax. to pay] free from penalty, of not Aibjtfl: to the ctifti)mafy fines and taxes. Skinner fays it is applied to outlaws, for whofe death no compenfation need be made, A'GILE, Adj. [of agik, Fr. of ogUh, Lat.] aftive; afting with great fpeed and leadinefs; nimble. " Forewarned ftruck his irg//; heels." Sla'e'p, Hen. IV. Applied to the mind, alert, vigosou?, in oppofition te flow, and ftupi'. A'GILENESS, S. [from agile and rejs] the quality of performing with fpeed, quick- Befs, or nimblenefs. AGI-'LITY, S. [dguhe, Fr, from agilh, Lat. nimble] a capacity of moving wuiiouc pain, cr any oiher i.mpediment. A'GINCOURT, or A'ZINCOURT, S a village of Poniheu in Picardy, memorable ler the glorious vid;ry whicii the Enjlilh, A G L under the command of Henry V. gained ovtr the French, the 25th of October, 1415, lof- ing only 1600 .-nen, and killing 6000 of the ;nemy. Lat. 50 deg. 39 min. N. Long. 7, deg. 10 min. E. A'GIO, S. [Venet. ajd or affiftance] in Commerce, the exchange or difference be- tween bank and current money, or cafli. Thus if a bargain be made to pay either 100 ivres bank, or 105 cafh, the ag:o is faid to be 5 per cent. The agio varies almoft every where; at Amfterdam it is ufually from 3 to 5 per cent, at Rome rear 25 per 1500; at Venice 10 per cent, fixed ; and at Genoa from 15 to 16. It likewife fignifies the pro- fit which arifes from money advanced, and is the fame as premium. To A'GIS T, V, N. [according to Skin- ner, from gijle, Fr. a bed, or place to lie down in ; but Kennet conjeftures from ager, Lat. a field] in Common Law, to take in the cattle of ftrangers into the king's forefts, and colleifl the money due for it. Chart, de F»-efi, 9 Hen HI. c. 9 AGl'STAGE, S, See AGI'STMENT. AGI'STER, S. [from agijl and cr] in Common Law. officers appointed by paten*, to take in and feed the cattle of ftrangers, and colleft the money arifing from thence, ot which they are four in every fcreft, where the king hath any pawnage= Maniv. Forefi Laivu, 80. AGI'STMENT, S. [Uom agif.o] in Com- mon Law, the feed of other people's cattle, ken into any ground, at a certain rate per eek. In a large izn(t, it extends to all manner of common cr herbage, or the profits arifmg from thence. 2 Inft. 643. A'GITABLE, Adj. [d^;Vd/iiM, Lat.] that which mav be put in motion. To A'GITATE. V, A. lagila, Lat.] to move by repeated aiflions. " The furf?ce of the water is agitated by the winds." To ac- tu;ite, ^£i upon, or give motion to. To difturb, or oiforder by the diflra£lions of dif- ferent motive'. To tofs from one to an- other, to difcufs, or controvert with grtat warmth, AGITA'TION, S. [from agiietio, Lat.] the aft of fh^king or putting the pariicles of a body into motion. " Difturbed by any agitation.^' Bac. D:forder of the mind, a- rifing from the violence of diflere.^t paflions. Ccnfideration, or deliberation of feveral per- fons. " The projcft now in agitation tor re- pealing the teft," Sivift. AG'.TA'TOR, S. [irom agitate'] the per- fon who projefts any Tcheme, occafions ary dif.urbance, or caufes any motion. He who manages and condufts th/* affairs of another. A'GLETS, S. laigyiUete, Fr.] a fharp point, a tag, formed 10 refemble forae anim.<l, but efpecially a man. " His ga.vn addrelEed with fl^/cfi." Haswo'jd. In Botany, the pendants hinging on the tips, or apices, of the chives. AGO chives, and ftamina of flowers j as in the tu- lips, rofes, tS'c. AGNA'T'l, S. [from ad to, and vifcor to be born] in the Roman Law, the male de- fcendan's fronn 'he fame father, diliin^uifliel from cognati, which includes the female de- fcendjnts. AGNATION, S. [fee AGNATl] in the Civil Law, the relation between the de • fcendants from the fame father, including only males. AGNI'NA MEMBRANA, or PELLI- CUDA, S. [in Anatomy] the memnrane in- cluding the fcBius, fo named by Aetius, called likewile amnios. AGNI'TION, S. [_cign:lum, Lat.] an ac- knowledging. ^ To AGNI'ZE, V. A. [from agmfco, Lat.] to own; to avow ; to acknowledge. " I do agnize a natural and prompt alacrity — I find in boldnefs." OtheUo. Obfolete. AGNO'MEN, S. [Lat. from ag for ad to, and nomen, a name] an addition oi name add- ed to the furname of a perfon on account of fome peculiar aftion or circumftance ; as the addition of Africanus to the name of Scipio, on account of his exploits in Africa 5 and of Cicero to that of Tully, on account of a pro- tuberance on his nofe, like a vetch, whicii Cicero fignifies. AGNOMINATION, S. [agnomiratio, Lat.] the refemblance or allufion of on- word (o another, both in found and Unfc *' Pleafantly running upon egnominatiors,'" Camden. AGNOET./^, S. [aj/voETai, Gr. from i/yvoioo, Gr. to be ignorarjt of] in Kiftory, a feet of heretics, who held that Chrift, \vi:h rerpe<£l to his human nature, was ignorant of fome things, andefpecially the day of judgment. A'GNUS CASTUS, S. [from agnw, a lamb, and cjiui, chade] in Botany, called I ikewife •£/;?«; it is reputed a cooler and pie- fe'ver of chadity, on which account the A thenian hdies u(ed to lay on beds of it during the feaft of Ceres ; but modern praiflice feems to have entirely dilchinied the ufe of it, A'GNUS DEI, S. [L-t. the Lamb of God] in the Romin church, a flu piece of white wax of an oval form, flampt with the figure of the lamb, and confeciated by the pope. They are now prohibited to be brought into England, by 13 Eliz. c. z, AGO', Adv. [from agan, S.ix. paft : whence fome counties Itili pronounce it ag'Me \ pift. " Some time ago''' Addtj. When we retkon paft time, toivards, or ending with the prefent, we nfejf;.'ff; a% " It is a year Jince it happened." But when we rcckon/;t» the prefent, and end with the paft, we ufe *gi-, as, " It happened three nijihls ago." This is a nicety, which foreigners ought pe- culiarly to attend tc. AGO'G, Adv. agogo, Fr. as r/s fi-venr A G R th^'ir wifTies] eager for the pofTcfTion of fome- thingj lon<;inp. To fet one's fancy or af- feftiuns on. " On which the faints are all agog." Hudi'-ras. AGO'NE, Adv. {agan,- Sax. pafl-. See AGO] paft, with refpedl: to time; formerly. " As you fpeak him iongagone."' B'^nJ^hnfon. A'GONIST, S. [fee AGONl'STES] a champion or contender for a prz". AGONI'STES, S. [Ay=v,r.., Gr.] one who ufed to exhibit at the public games of Greece and Rome ; being a candidate for the prizes awarded (or .uperiority of ftrength, &c. m allufion to this, Milton has (filed his trage- dy Gampfnn Agor.iftes. AGONi/STICI, S. [Lat. from ayo^y. Gr. a combat] the name given by Donatus to thofe ot his feet-, whom Jie fent into the fairs and markets to propagate his doOrines, being, as the name imports, theological knights-errant. ToAGONl'ZE, Ugo,:iJer, Fr. from ^^0- n^c,}, Gr. of a.yom, Gr. ur an agony] to be aff-edled with acute and exct/Tive pain. A'GONY, S. [from a;/i;v, a fharp conteff, or ftruiglej exceflive pain, wherein all the powers of nature are convulfed, and fhe ftrug- gles, as it.were, with death for the maftery. AGO'NYCLITES, S. [from aneg. yovv, a knee, ar,d JtXivu, Gr, to bend] a left in the feventeenth century, who derived their name from their diftrnguiming principle, never to kneel, but to f,iy all their prayers ftanding. A'GRA, S. [Perf.j the principal kingdom of the empire of the Mol-uI. It has Bando on the W. Dely on the North, Sambal oa the E. Gualcar and part of Narvar on the S, Its quota of forces to the Mogul's army, is 15,000 horfe, and 30,000 foot; and its re>- venue is computed at near three millions fter- ling. Agra, its capital, founded in 1566, by Eckbar, or Eckbarat, is a place of gr.:at traf- fic, having merchants from China, Perfia, »11 parts of Indii, and from England and Holland. Its indigo is reckoned the verv beft in the world; befides which, they export a great many fluffs and linens, tilfues, lace, rice, and cotton. The number of its me- dians, or public bazars, covered bazans, or quarters for merchants, fome of which are a quarter of a league long, together with lis caravanferahs, which are about eighty, are luflicient to convince us both of the prodigi- ous extent, and of the immenfe trade which is carrird on in this city. Ldt. i6 deg. 29 min. N. Long. 79 deg. 12 min E. AGRA/RIAN, A^'j. [agranus, Lat. of ^gcr, a field] in the Rom:ui Law, a term ap- plied to fuchlaws, as relate to the divifion and diftribution of lands. To AGRE'E, V. A. I'agr/e, from gr?, lilcing, confent, ap^robation, or g.ood-v.'ill'j to be friends, or in concord, i. e. a flate where;n the fcniiments of one perfon arefimi- larto, or the fame as ihofe of another, " The #»oo^t-, tiiey live as they ^.leafc; or according to inoie jou agne together, the kfs hurt can £ a you A G R Jrour enem'es do you." Pope. To confent to do a thing upon certain conditions ; to bar- gain. To rei'cinble; to be like. To match, applied to colour. To tally with ; to be con- fiftent with. AGREE'ABLE, Adj. \_agrea' U, Fr.] fuit- able ; conformable to, or confident with. Pleadrg; grateful; as fuitable to our inclina- tions, or faculties. AGREE'ABLENESS, S. [hom agrceaih and nejs, of A'.S', Goth.] the quality which renders a thing grateful to the talle. The qua- lity which rendfrs a thing pleafing, below rapture, and lefs than admiration. Likenefs; affinity; refemblance. AGKEE'Al^LY, Adv. [(torn aj^reiakle, and /y, of lie, SiX.] in a manner confiftent with, or conformablt to. In a manner which afiords a pleafing fatisfaiTlioa. AGREE'!), Part, [from agne] fettled by mutual ccnfenr. AGREE'MENT, S. {agr^-inent, Fr, in law Latin agreammtum, w'nich Coke would will- ingly ftretch into aggyegntio nunlum, an aggre- gr.tion of mind?] frieniUhip ; alliance; con- cord. A contract, bargain, or compact, Re- femblance. AGRE'SSES, S. {ergr:[Jcs, Fr. bullets, from c^a. Sax. terrorj in Heraldry, the fame as prl'ets. AGR'ESTIC, or ACRE'STICAL, Adj. [agrejiis, Lat.] favoring of, or belonging to the country ; clowoifti ; rude. Seldom ufed. AGRE'STJS.Adi. fLat.] wild. In Botany, applied to thofe plants which grow in the fields, \d oppofition to thrf; that are cultivated. A'GRICULTURE, S. [from ogri the gen. • f .iq-t-r. Lit. a field, and cultu^n, Lat. tillage, from colo, Lar. to tilij the art of tilling and manuring theground, fo as to make it fruitful and bear plants ; confifting in manuring, fal- Jov.inj:, fowing, harrowing, reaping, mowing, i^c. the management of the produftions of •JifTerent foils, and planting ; together with the cnltureofforefts, timber, Sfr. The high eft ei-.comitim that could be given a rran in Rome, was, that he cultivated his own fpot of ground well; the moftilhiftriousfenators applied ihem- lelves to it, and their didtators were taken from the plough. Agriculture, or hufbandry, is the original fourceof molf ot curtreafures.and the great fountain of all materials for commerce. AGRIFO'LIUM, S.[Lat,from ay^is<;. Gr. rough, and <^v>Xc'j, a leaf j in Botany, the holly tree. Miller reckons thirty-three fpecies of it. AGROU'ND, Adj. [from a and ground, implying on ground] a marine term, llrand- ed ; ftuck fa/f upon ihore, fo as rot to be got rfij and purfue a voyage; hindered bv the ground from psfling further. Figuratively, Uieeting with fome impediment or obfticle, which renders it impcfiible to advance in, or ^u on with an affair. A'GL'K, S, [trom a:gu, Fr. acute, on ?c- ccL-ntot ibc acuteuefs ajid violence ei (he pain AID It occafions duiing the fit] a periodical fpecies of fever, beginning with a cold fnivering, which is Uiccetded by heat, and terminates in a fwcat. When the cold fit is fcarcely percep- tible, and there is a return of the hot one only, it is called an intermitting fever. According to the returns of the fit, it is differently deno- minated. If it returns every day, it is then called a quotidian j if every third day, a terti- an; and it every fourth dayj a quartan. ARGUED, Part, [from ague] ftruck, or af- fefled with an ague ; figuratively, cold ; (liivering, trembling, in allufion to the ef^'edls of this diforder. A'GUE-FIT, S. [from ^^j/<r and//] the cold, ihiyering, trertibling fit, which atiefts people in the ague. To AGUI'SE, V. A. [ftomguije, Fr.gulfa, Ital. guijc, Bclg. a form, fjfhion, or particular cut ot a-gjrment] to drefs, adorn, cmbellifh, or fet oft with external ornamentf . " Soroetimes her head fhe fondly would ngu'ife.'''' Faery S^.^ A'GaiSn, Adj. [from ^af and i/h,oi IJc, Sax. iyfts or ijk, Goth, which, being added to a fubftantive, imports likenefsj like, or having the properties of an ague. A'GUISHNESS, S. [from agu:^ and w/j] the quality which refembles an ague. AH! aninterje<S. [acA, Teut.] a word made ufe of to denote fume fudden difiike, and oc» caf:oned by the apprchenfion of evil confe- quences. " Ah ! finful nation." Jfj. i. 4. Sometimes giief, and an appeal to the paffion of pity Jnd cornpbfiion. *' ^h tr.e !" AHA', an interjedlion denoting the trl- umjih ofconterr.pt ; intended to expiefs joy at the calamities of others, and to increafe the uneafinsfs which tlicy themfelves experience. " They faid, a/ja ! our eye hath feen it." PfaL XXXV. 21. With contempt. A/HEAD,Adv, \trom a znd hiJd of kKJ,lf]. height] a fea term ; beyond ; implyinga greater degree of Iwittneff. " And now the fpeedy dol- phin gets a-bead.'" Dryd. Applied to perfons, to coniraft an inveterate habit, which is not to be eafily furmounte<» by advice, or inftiudlion. " They fcffer them at firfl to run a-bead; and v/heiiperverfe inclinations are advanced into ha- bitSjthere is no dealingwith ihem.^'L^IIJirange. AHEI'GHT, Adv. [from a and i>:ight] on high ; a great di<Tance above us. " Look up ahright." Sha'^efp. K. Lear. A'JALON, S. [Heb. an oak; ftrength,or a flag, from aiel, Heb.] the name oi a valley, f.imous for a battle ot the Ifraelites with the allied nations, alter the taking of Jericho, during which, the fun is, by the facied writer, afierted to have flood ftiU in, or over, this valley, by Jofhua's command. To Alb, V. A. [from aider, Fr.] to giva afliftance or fuccour to; to deliver a perfon in danger, or diltrefs, out of it, by giving him all ihe bfiiflance, help, or fuccour in one's power. To fuf port, wht-n applied to the means ufed to free a ptrfon from want. AID, A I M AID, S. [from aid;, Fr. aha or a'uite, Iti!. ' <if ijdjuto, Lat. to hclpj that which contributes to render a thing mare eaCy. Aflillince. Sup- port given to a peri'on. An affiUant, or perfon, who, by co-operating with another, either by advice, or exertion of bodily ftrength, renders difficulties furmountable, diftrefs more toler- able, and ptofperity more tranfporting. In Po- litics, a fubfidy, or money given to fupport the neceffities of the ftate. AIDDE-CA'MF, S. in the army, an of- ficer, who receives and carries the orders of a general officer to the relt of the army, y^id- Major, or adjutant; one who affifts the major when prefent, and performs his office when he is abfent, Al'DER, S. [fronri aid] one who affifts, or helps ; one who takes parr with a perfon, and endeavours to promote his uTciertalcing. " The adherents and aiders of the late rebellion." Bac. Hen. VII. AI'DLESS, Adj. [of aid and /i/s, a negative ending, from leafe or leas, Sax. ians, Goth, denoting a privation, lofs, or denial of the ienfe of the fubftantive to vvhich it is fub- joined] deprived, or in want of help or affift- ance to render an undertaking fuccefsful, or a misfortune fupportable. Without aid, or affift- ance from another. AI'GUILLON, S, a fmall townofGui- enne inFrance,famous for the moft remarkable liege that ever was recorded. In the year 1346, being then in the poflijffion of the Engli/h, the duke of Normandy fat down before it with on« hundred thoufand men ; yet, though bat- tered with eight of the greateft engines that France could produce, and attacked by the be- fiegers three times every day, it fuftained a fiege of fourteen months, which was raifed by the battle of Credy. AI'GULET.S, S. [aig'det, Fr.] tags; or gold tags at the end of tnngf s. To AIL, V. A. [from egle, Sax. to grieve, or be uneafy] to difturb ; to afti^dt with a dif- agreeable lenfatioa ; to make uneafy ; bea\iti- fully applied to inanimate things. " What ailed thtOy O fea, ihat thou fleodeft ?" PJj!. cxiv. 5. AIL, S. [from aiJ, the verb] a didemper. AI'LING, Part, [from ci/ \ one of a weak conftitution, fubie£l todifordrrs ; valetudinary. Ai'LMENT,'S. [from «/7J indifpolition j diforder ; diminution of health. To AIM, V. A. to put a weapon in fuch a direftion or pofuion, as to hit any objeft j to throw a thing at an objcdf, in fuch a manner, as to render the ftriking of it poffible. " ^ims his airy fpear." Dryd. To endeavour to ftrike. Figuratively, to direft the edge of f.ityr againfl: a particular perfon. " At hiin, or him, 1 take no aim.'" Gay, AIM, S. the pofition or direction of a wea- pon, in order to ftrike ari objedt. The point which is Intended to be hit ; or the objedl de- figned 10 be ftiuck. Figuratively, an endea- A I R vour to obtain any thing j intention ; purpofe ; or defign. AIR, S. [from air, Fr. aer, Lat. ar.p, Or.] that thin fluid body wiiich furrounds ourglobe, forms the atmofpht-re, and is the caufe of breathing. A portion of the element which encompalfes u?, confidered as put into motion. In aiigurative fenfe, a difcovcry made of a thing not known before. *' Still you lov'd ; you gave it air before me." Dryd. Pofture, attitu ie, mien, manner ot behaviour. " Her graceful innocence, her every air,'' Par. hcji. " He gave liimfelf air;." An affected, or laboured, and aukward manner of addre(s or behaviour, la Philofophy, that thin dilat- able and compreflible fiuid, in wliich we breathe, and which furrounds the globe to a great height, though fcarcely perceptible to our lenle5, yet of lo great necefiity to our exiftence, that the lamp of life would be extinguiflied, were we deprived of its benefit. If we exa- mine the volume of creation, we fh.:ll find it the grand inftrument of the Deity in mcft of his operations, and th.it it is united or includ- ed in almoft all the fubftanccs which fall within our notice. It is this vvhich puts every thing into motion, it lends aftivity to fire, growth to vegetables, improvement to chemif- try, fluidity to water, health to animals; in d word, there is fcarce any operation in na- ture, which h.\npens without its zfliftance ; there is no produOiHon of art, which can dif- claim its necelfannefs. Air, in Mufic, a com- pofuion, v/hich is played alone, without either bais or any other part to accompany it ; or the melody and inflexion of aTnuficalcjmpofition. Thus we fay Handel's airs, &c. Airs iij horfemanfhip, the artificial, or pradlifed mo- tions of a man.iged horfe, inch as the dcnii air, demi volt, curvet, &<% To A!R, V. A. [fee AiR, S.] to expofe to the air. To enjoy the benefit from the air^ To expofe to the fire, in order to free from the inconveniences of damp and ftagnating air. Al'R -BLADDER, S".[from air and i>/adder] a bladder found among ths entrails of filh, which Serves, by its contraiflion or dilatation, to enable them to rife, or dive in the water. A1'R-BU!LT, Adj. [from air and i'w'A] built in the air; chimerical, without any fo- lid foundation. Al'R-DR AWNjAdj [from air snddraivn] formed by a condeufaiion of the air, that whicli has no exillence in nature ; chimeri- cal ; imaginary. AI'RER, S. [from air and er, implying an agent, from tvair, Goth, and luaer, Sax. a man I he that expofes a thing to the air, Al'R-GUN, S. [from air and gun\ an in- firument invented to flioot with, purely by mci-.s of coniprelicd air. Al'RING, S, [from <7iV] a fhort walk or ri.^e abroad ; fo called, becaufe we then enjoy the frefh and open air. ArR-HOLE, S. a hole made to admit, E 3 or A IC E er let out, the air; a vent; or Vent-hole. AI'RINESS, S. [from airy ^nii nefs} ap- plied to fituation, expof'J to a I'ree current of air, in oppofition to confined; opennef? : Fi- guratively, applied to a perfon's manner, or bcliaviour; levity, gaiety. AIR'LESS, AJj. [of a'lr and kfs] that which has not a freecunent of air ; that virhich has no comrnunication with the ex ernal ^ir. Al'RLING, S [from dir, fignifvin^' ra/^/y, and iiiig, a diminutive termination among the Saxuns ) a youthful, light, gay, and thought- !els perlon. Al'R-PUMP, S. [Crom air and /-wm/-, of pump:, Dan. pompe, B-^k. fiom fovipen, Belg. to draw water] in Philojophy, an inflrumcnt or machine ufed for exrrading air, coniifting of a receiver made of f-'-fs, wnerein the ohjedfs ate placed , two brafs cylinders or piifons to extract the air with; a gage to determine the rareta£lionof the air during any experiment j a tube called thi: Swan's Neck, communicating V itli the receiver and the piftons ; and a wincli that gives motion to the whole. A'lR-SHAi'T, S. [from a<r and foafi, of Jchaft ot fckach: B -Ig. a branch, ramification, Or cavity, from jchfiffin, Belg. to work, or p-itBTrto, Gr. lO dig I ■n Mining, a palTige made for the air hy dij-gii5g. A'lRlE, S. [of aiVjuj, Lat. in allufion to the loftine's of its fitu .tion, or aire, Fr. trjm {y, Tf uf. and Bdg. an egcj fee AIRV. A'IRY, Adj. [from avr:us, Lat.] the fub- tile parts of bodies. On hi^h, or in that fpace cf the fvftem above the eanh, aiTi^ned to the air. " Wondering at ', iieir height throuu.h iiirj cliannels flow," ^-Idd'ij'an . Figuratively, chime- rical, wanting lolidity, or foui dation. " I holo ambition of io aiV)-, and light a qualiiy, that it is but a fiiadow's fhadow." Shaieff. Uamkt i\pplied to drefs, that which cxpofes to the weather, in oppofition to war.Ti, clo'e, cr con- lined. Applied to temjier, or behaviour, gay, jpr'ghtly, full of vivacity. ^-5?/;j triplicity, in Aftioir.gy, ire the thiee f.gns, Gemini, Libra, and Aiitiiti'is. Al'SLE, S. [pronounced if,c, from di.'e, Fr. 2 wing, o' o!j, Lat.j the fiOc-walks or paths • >f a church, r.mning parallel to the greater in the center, called the rief\ reprefe'itiiig, in that refpeifV, the wijigs of a builajng eiccced on each fice the center. " The <.hurch is one huge rrf^ with u double aijle to it." Ad Jifon, AISTKILTE'RIUW, S. [ats-:-.:"--:;!:-/. G'. from ai-rBavofxai, Gr. to perceive] in Fhilolo- f hy, the fenfoi iuni, or the place wherein ihe loiil is imagined to rcluie, and receive the no- i ticcs of external objefls by means of the or- gans of fciifation. A'JUT.'i.GE, S [ajutey, Fr. to help] in Hydraulics, the fpout fitted to an drtificial tount.iin, tluou^h which the water afcends. To AKE V . N. [from ace, Sjx. of a'^_®-, Cr, painj to feel a dull and zonlinual pajn. ALA in oppofition to fmart, which Is ari acute oris# and of a fhort comiuuance, AKI'N, Adv. [from a and kin, of kyn, Id. cyr.ne, Sax. kun, Goth, relation, or likenefsj rtlatid by blood or defccnt. Figuratively, re- fembling ; having the la.-ne properties ) having a near relation to. A'LA, S. [Lat. a wing] in Botany, the hollow ofaftalk, which the leaf, orits pedicle^ makes with the flalk or branches j or (hit hol- low between the branch and leaf, from whence new {hoots arife. ALABA'STER, S. [from aXaSarfsv, Gr.] a kind of fione, folter than marble, but haroer than plaifter of Paris. It is of different colours : the fhining or white is the moft common ; the horny and tranfparent is not much valued; and that of the colour of honey, fpotted with points or veins, which is the muft Vdlued. ALABA'STER, Adj. [See ALABA'S- TER, S. I Ibmsthing made of alabaffer. ALA'CK, Interj. [were it not that moft ot the in'.rrjedions are the genuine efforts of nature on fome fudden iffcftion, this might be derived frotn ael, and dee. Sax i. e, perfe£l pain, or grief, aei, in conipofiiioii, fignifying fuilnefs] it implies furrow, or fomething vvhich caufes it. " Nay, what's incredible, ahck ! I fcarcc can hear a woman's clack." Sivi/t. AL.VCK-.^ Day, Interj. [from a/ack and a day See ALACK] a fudden cry on feeling prelent, or ieeing appro.iching calamity; and li^nifies that the pcrlon labours under the bur- 'hcn of miferv. ALA'CRlbuSLYjAdv. [Lat.] with great chearfuinels. ALA'CRITY, S. [a/^oi!as, Lat.j aihear- ful aftivenefs. A-LA-MO'DE, Adv. [according to the fafliion] a French phrafe, ufed to imply, that a thine is the reigning tarte, or fafhion, A LA-MO'DE, S. [Fr.J a thin, light, gloffy, black filk. ALA'ND, Adv [from a and /aMif] on land, on fliore ; on dry gicund, in oppofition to the waters of the river, or fei, ALA'RIS, or ALlfO'RMlS, S. [Lat. in the fhape cf a wine, fiom a/j, a wing, and JlrK.'j, Lat. a fhape] in Anatomy, the inner- moft of the th:ee veins oppc.fite ihe elbow. ALA'RM, S. [from :J!, Lai. to, and arme, Iial. arms] a milit.ry fignal, either by beat of drum or found of trumpet, by which men are now called lo arms, but before the inven- tion of thofe iiiftrumei.ts, it was done by a loud Cry or iiiout. It generally includes in it an idea of appioachiiig or fudden rfanger. " When you go to war, then ye fiiall blow an alarm.'''' Kunib. x. 9. Figuratively, the no- tice fignifying the approach of any fudden danger. Tumult, or difmrbajice, caufing tear, iir apprehenfion ot danger. To ALA'RM, V, A. [See ALARM, S.] to give an urmy the fignal of arming, or pre- ALB preparing themfelves to encounter any fudilen danger. In a fecondiry fcnfe, to caufe fe\r, or apprehenfion of feme approaching mifchitf. ALA'RMING, Part, [from a/am] that whica cccafions terror, fear, or apprehenTion from the iJea of approaching Hanger. ALA'RM-POST, S. [from a/arm and fo/}\ the place appointed for the feveral com- panies of an army to repair to, in cafe of any iudden and unfotefeen dangers, which occa- fions an alarm to be beat or founded. ALA'RUiM, S. [a corruption of a/arn] This feems to have been the genera! method of Ipelling in forr.er times. " Our ftern alanims chang'd fo merry-meetings." Sbakefp. Rich, III. Likewife a doclc, calculated to give no- tice to a perfon of any particular t me it is fet to, by the running down of its weight, which is attended in its defcent by a continual ilrik- ing of its hammer on the bell. To ALA'RUM, S. [fee ALARUM] to give notice of an approaching enen.y. ALA'S! In'erject. [he/as, Fr. ey/aa, Belg. ehilajfo, lal.j when ufed of ourfilves, it im- plies lamentation, occafioned by the idea of fome calamity, f j^lasl how little r'rom the grave we claim." Pope. When applied to others, it implies pitv, caufed irom an idea or their diiirefs. ^^ Alas ! poor Protheus !" Shakejp. ALA'TE, Aav. [from a and laie] a fpace of time not \on% pa(t ; lately. ALATE'RNUS, S. [called t^aioTrjiv^, Gr» from £Xai2>', Gr. an olive, anj tt^iv'^, Gr. an ilex or oak] in Botany, the cv^r gieen privet. ALATERNOE'IDES, S. [from alatermts and EiJ^, Gr. a fhapcj in Botany, a plant refembiiug the aldiernus. A.LA'T1-PR0CE'S.SUS, S. [Lat. winged proniineiiccs nr protuberancrsj in Anatomy, the procellcs of the os ffheiioida. ALA'Y, S. [in Hunting] the adding frefli dogs into the cry. ALR, S. [from alburn, Lat. white] a veft or gar.Tient of white linen, reaching down to the feet ; worn by priefts ; lurplice. A'LBE, S. a fmall piece of money in Ger- many, worth eight fenins, or two creukers of that country; or one fol feven deniers French. ALBE'lT, Adv. [from al and though, it and be\ ufed to infer fomething, though we fhould admit of the pofition of an adverfary j although; notwiilitlanding ; granting. ALBE'RNUS, S. a kuid of cambler, or barraccan, which comes from the Levant. ALBUGI'NEA, S. [Lat. from albus, white] in Anatomy, the outcrmoft coat of the eye, which compofes the white, called adnata and conjunctiva. Liltewife, the membrane immediately covering the tefticles. ALBUG'INEOUS, Adj. [albugo, Lat. the white of an egg] fomething belonging to that part of an egg svhich is called its wiiite ; oi iomething which refembles ir, " Eggs will freeze in the albugineQus p»rt." Broivn, A L C ALBIT'GO, S. [Lat. from alhus, white] in Anatomy, the white of the eye. Likewife, a dilotder of the eye, whereby the horny tunic loles its rr ■afpirency, and becomes opake. A'LBUM-GR/E'CUM, [in Pharmacy] dog's white dung; ufed with honfry as a plainer, to deterge and cleanfe inflammations in the throat, ALBU'MENOVI, S. [Lat.] the white of an egg, ufed in meiicine on account of its glutinous or binding nature, mixed with bole armpniac. A'LBUS, S, a fma!l coin, current in Co- logne, tff. four of which make one blafFart. ALCAHE'ST, S. [Arab.] in Chymiftry, an univerfal di'Tolvent ; a m:nftruum capable of dilTolvinj any body put into it, ALCA'IC, Adj. [from Alcaut, the Inven- tor] in ancient Poetry, a name appropriated to feveral forts of verfes, the fitft confiiling ot five feet, of which the firft i; either a Ipondee, or iambic ; the fecond, an iambic j the third a long fyllable ; the fourth a dadyl ; and the fitth a daflyl or amphimacer; at omnei ecdtm cogimur omnium. The fecond fpe- cies confifls of two dadyls and two trochees ; as exuli impofitura cymhie. Examples of each of thefe forts may be met with in Hor ce, who not only introduced this fpecies of poetry into Rome, but transfufcd the fpirit of Alcseus likewife into all his imitations. ALCA'ID, S. the governor of a city or caOle in BarHary, who has a fovereign jurif- Jiction in 'ivil and criminal caufcs. ALCA'LDE, S. [lee ALC.VID, from whence it is borrowed] a judge, or minifter of jultice, refembling a provoft among the French. A'LCALLor A'LCALY. SeeALKALY, ALCALiZA'TION, S. See ALKALI- Z'ATION. ALCA-'NNA, S, [Arab-.] a drug ufed in dying, which comes from the Levant. In powder it is green, but the tinfture it makes dilTeis according to the difference of the liquor in which it is IteepeJ ; when foaked in water, it is yellow; but when in vinegar, citron- juice, or allum-water, it is red. ALCA'NALA, S, [Span.] a cuftom- houfe duty of five per cent, paid on the im- port of merchandizes in Spain and Spanilh America, A'LCHYMICAL, Adj. [from akhymy'\ according to the procefs, or method made ufe of by alchymifts. A'LCHYMl-ST, S.[fromfl/fAymj] one who protelfes or p-uifues the fcicnce of alchymy, A'LCHVMY, S. [offl/ and /t^.'j/ia, Egypt, of p^>),ui*, Gr.] apart of chcmiftry employed m curious and myfterious refearchcs ; its chief olijeits have been, firtl, The making of gold. Secoadly, An univerfal medicine, or one to cure all dife.'fes. ThirJiy, An univerf.l dif- fjlveut. And, fourthly, A.n univerfdl fer- ment j or a fubftance, which being applied to £ 4 any A L D any feed will incrcafe its Vecunaity to infinity. ALCMA'NIAN, Adj. [trom /j/f,-?M«J h kin.i of lyiic veile, fo called from the inven- tor ; tonfiiting of two da£lyls and tvM; troches. A'LCOHOL, S. ("Arab, to attenu:Ve or fu^^tlllze] in Cheminiy, ihe pureft fpirit ot wine, rectified, by frequent difiilialions, to its lamoft fubtillty. Likewife, a very fine imp.;!p:ble powdrr. ALCCHOLIZA'TION, S. [from alcchl] the acl of retlifyine fpiiiis ; or ot reducing bodies to an impalpable powder. To ALCOHOLi'ZE, V. A. [from ahohol] to make an alcohol ; or to rectify fpirits by frequent diftillatio.'S, fo that, when tec on (Ire, they ftiall conlume away, without leav, n^ aiiy moi/iure or drefis behind them. . A'LCORAN, S. [Arab, to colieft, or read] the book, of the Mohammedan law, rompofed by Mahomet, with the aJ]i:!arcc ot Batiras, a J.icobin, S^rgiu?, a Ntfiorian monk, and fome Jews : it is divided into foui parts, c Ilcd by the name of fome aniniil, as the Cow, the Emmer, the Spider, and the Fly. Though wrote by a ptrfon of no learn- ing, it is by tiie M< h-mmedans extolled for tiie elegance oi its (liic, and, on that accou.'-.t, u'i'ged to have been a divine compofition. It abounds not only in ubfcrdit es but contra- 6i(fiioiis, wl Ich hii thfy vindicate, by fying, that it w;.5 three and twenty years in coinpo- fing; and thit tne cirt;umi'*ancps of things al- tering in that interval, the Deity hirrfelf le- peaKd and altered fcveral precepts, to fuit them wilh the nature of things. It was originally in li'ofc fleets,' whici> T^l^homet repoited he received fi'^fly fiom God. This took is held in fuch veneration by its profetTor<;, that it is death for a Chriftizn or a Jew to t-i'ith it j and trciially fatal to a MufTulman himfelf, if he handles it wiih unwiifhed hands. ALCOA'E, S. [aL-cf>at, Span, oi tha-^f, Arab, a cj^inet, or flecping place; or eicohut, Arab, atenlj a rece's, or part of a thamhet fc^arated by an eHrade, or paniticn oi columnii in which is placed a bed of fiate, or feats to entert;<in comp. nv. A'LCVON. See H A/r,CYON. A/LDl:BARAN,S.[Perf.lin Agronomy, a ftar of the lirft magnitude in she eye of tiie conftellation Taurus, or the Bull, and from thence named the Bull's Eye. Long. 50 deg. 49 min. 50 fee. of Gemini. L?t, 5 deg. 27 min. 30 fee. S. according to Fiamftead. A/JuDER. S. [f om aJdi-, Sax. bcft or chietj a tree with leaves refcmbling tbofe of the hazsl. The trees are prodoced eithci by Ijyeis or truncheons, about- three feet in lengiti, in February or Ma;cii. ALUERLI'EVEST, Adj. Super!, [from ee'd, Sax. pofnive or compar. and Ikieji, ,fu- peJaiive, moftdc^r, or b.;lovedJ moft beloved; that which is preferred to .-.nother, or has held the Itngeft pofit/Tion of the heart. '• With ALE you mine aJdeiUeviJl fovereign." Shaltfp, Henry VI. A'LDKRMAN, S. [Uom alderman, Si^. o( aluer, comparative ot tfld, Sax. and n:an] in its original fignification it implied aperfon, who, on account of his years and experience, was proper to prrfide over the affairs of a nation, and to afiift a prince with his counfel ; in this r.-fj-efl it lignified the fame as a privy- cou/ilcllor, or parliament-man. But this will appear more plain, if v. e recolleifl, that the three flaies of ihe kingdom were divided inio Atheltrg, which included the nobility; j^lder- mari, the fecond rank ; and Thane, the laft : ti;l Athe ftan's li'tic, th.- term wis iifed for an Cir! or count, which after hi? reign were fub- (iicuted iijftejd of it. In the time of Edgar it iiriplied a judge or juftice. But the term is njw appropriate.) to the twenty-fix perfonS who pttfiJe over ihe twenty-fx wards, into which the city of London is divided ; out of which the lord-mayor i< generally chofen by rotation. They are all qualified to aft as juliices of the pesce at prefent, though for- ivierly, only fuch aldermen as had been lord- mayors, and the three eldeO, or next to the chair, were inverted with that honour. But ihey have not only the management of the ctv;l, butl kewifc the military government of the c;ty, are officers in its militia, and mem- bers ot the artiller>-comp>.ny. Aldermen prefiJe in other cities befides London. A'LE, S. [m/j, eaie, or eahth, Sax. eala. Run. Dan. ail, Ifi. eVi, Brit, oil] a liquor the common drink of the Englift; made of an intufioii ot malt and hops in boiling xvaterj aiterv.ard.'! fermented with yeall or b.»rm ; it is di.linguifliable fiom beer in refpe<a of its iirength and a-e ; ow^ng to its having a lefs quantify of hops and malt than beer has, in proportion to the lame quanti:v of water. A'LE, (GILL) S. [from gdl. Sax. ground- ivy, and aie\ a liquor made of ground-ivy leaves, iieeped in ale. AL'E-CONNHR, S. [fro.m <i/s and ccn, of connan, Sax. to know, or kiinden, Teut. to ihow] an officer of the city of London, whofe buf;ncfs is to infpect the meafu.'es of the pub- lic-houfes. A'LEGAR, S. [from o/«and carer of ager. Run. and Dan. or ef^r, Brit. ai':^re, Fr. fourj ihroughoiiC all tlic county of Lincoln the term given Ux four a)c ; by Londoners ftiled, with ^reat iinproprieiv, a!e -vir.egar. A'LEHdOF,' S. [fiom a/f and iij/, Sax. ground ivyj in Botany, the groiind-ivv, \o called by i.'ie Saxoi s, becaufe a chief ingre- dient in their r.iali liquors, in'iead of hnps. A'LE-HOUSE, S. [ea:iu[e, Sax.^frcm ea'e Sax. ale and huj'e, a houfej a houfe where ale is fold. Dirtinguifhed from a tavern^ becaufe that is aopropriated to wine. A-'Le'H0U3E-KEEP£R, S. [from aU- houfe and keepf, called ealajccp, Sjx. from eala, Sax. ale, and jlr/i^J a perfon v«ho keeps ALE a houfe where beer is to be folJ ; a pnblican ; in oppofition to a vintner, who only It-Ils wine. ALE'MBIC, S. [ixom ahmbic, Arab, the upper part ot a diftilling ve'lelj in Di'^illery, originally the upper part or hcjd ot a i\\\\ ijito which the vapours afcend ; and, being there condenfed by the external air, flow out ih drops, or ftream like a thread, through an aperture, vith a long neck. A'LENGTH, Adj. [from a and length} at foil length ; along ; ftretched upon the ground, ALE'PPO, S. tailed by the natives HM, the metropolis of Svri^ ; for bu'ldings fecond to none in the TurkilTi empire : it is fituated on an eminence, and together with the fub- uibs, occupies eight fmall hills. Over the doors and uindowF, within the houfes inha- bited by the Tories, are written pafi'aaes cf the Koran ; but, in thofe of the Chriflians, texts of Scripture. The mofques are very numerous, fome of which are very mag- nificent ; bL'fore each is a fquare area, in the center of which is a .♦'ouctain, intended tor the ablutions before prayers. The number of in- habitants in the city and fuburbs is com- puted at about 235,000, of which 200,000 are Turks, 30,000 Chriflians, and 5000 Jews j the majority of the Chriftians are Greeks or Armenians ; befides which they are divided into Maronites and Syri.-.ns. The language generally fpoken is vulvar Arabic. TheTurks of diftinction uCe the Turkifli ; moft of the Armenians, the Armenian ; fome of the Syrians underfrand Syriac ; many of the Jews, the Hebrew ; but fcarce one of the Greeks, a word of Greek, wheih.:r it be ancient or modern. Lat. near 36 deg. 12 min. N. Long. 37 deg. 40. min. E. Old Aleppo, called by the Arabians Kennaf-jrin, is about twelve miles from the modern, and has nothing to rccommefid it to notice, unlefs the leffon its ruins give us of the inftability of earthly things. Lat. 36 deg. 8 min. N. Long. 37 deg. 30 min. E. A'LtRT, Adj. [alert, Fr.] watchful, ac- tive, diligent ; ready on any emergence : brilk, pert, flurp. ALE'RTNESS, S. [from alert and nefs, of NS, a Goth: termination] the qu..lity of being aleit, fjisi^htly, pert, aftive, or vigi- lant- A'LESBURV, AY'l.ESEURV.orAI'LS- BURY, S. [ecgl-jbuiirh, from eagln, Sax. an eagle, rind burgh or huritr, Sax. a town] the largeft and belt borou^ti town in Bucking- hamrtiire, as early as the times of tiic S.ixons, \A'ho took.it by force in 571. It was chiefly famous for St. .^'Edith, a native of it, who is rcp)t:od to h.'va performed fcvi^rjl miracles. In the lime of William the Coiiqireror it was a royal manor ; wlio i;uve feverai \ard land?, on conlition th.": the owner fliouli finJ litter nr Jlrti"v, f.r iii'; I'lJ, whenever be came th-t way. Let the foiis of volup- ALE tuoufnefs attend to this circumffance; and admire the fimplicity of former times ! Wil- liam of Ailefbury held it by this charter, with this addition, that he fnould Irkewife ftraw the king's chamber, and provide him three eels, if he came in the winter ; but if in fummer, befides ftraw for the bed» he was to provide two green geefe. 1 his he was to repeat three times a year, if the king csme thither fo often. It has given the title of carl to the noble family of the Bruces ; Charles II. having conferred that title in 1664 on Robert Bruce, earl of Elgin in Scotland, defcended from the kings of that countrv, to which their mono, far mm, " we h3ve been," feeins rtiongly to allude. It was mide a town incorporate by Q;_ Mary, m I5:;3; conjlfting of a bailiff, ten ?lderme_n, and twelve capital burgelfes ; at prefent, its chief officer is termed a conftable. Its fairs are on the Saturday before Palm Sunday, the 14th of June, and on the 25th of September, for cattle ; it fends two members to parliament, and is thirty-toiir computeil, or forty-lour meafured miles, N. VV. of London. A'LESHAM, S. [^gfejvoim, Sax. from rf-^/ti, an eagie, haem, ham, Sax. hym- Teut. a dwell;ng-houfe, or fmali village] a market- town in Norfolk, very much peopled by knitters of ftockings ; its market is on Satur- day ; and its fairs for lean cattle, ordinary horfes, and chapmen or pedlars wares, on the 23d of March. It lies 119 miles, N, of London. A'LE-TASTER, S. [from ak and tajierl an officer fworn in every court-leet, to exa- mine into the goodnefs and meafures of ale and beer, within the jurifdiftion of the leet or lordihip. A'LE-VAT, S. [from ale and -vat, from luJt, ^it\%. fat, fata, fat, Sa;-. a velfel] the veffel in which ale is termented or worked. A'LE -WASHED, Part, [from ah and ivafil fteeped or foaked in ale. Applied to immoderate drinkers of ale. ALEXA'NDERS, S. [from Aky^^rJria, where it grows in gre.'sr abundance, Skinner \ in Bntnny, the Smyrnium. ALEXA'NDER's-FOOT, S. [In Botany] an herb To called, from its roots refcmblinga foot. ALEXA'NDRINE, S. [f'om Alexander Paris the inventor of this metre] a kind of verfe borrowed from the French, confilling among them of twelve or thirteen fyllables ia alternate couplets, and among us of tvelve. They -a ere formerly pretty much ufed by cur poets to clench iheir verfes, and generally were tne lail of three ending in the fame rhyrne ; but are now difcarded On account ot their want of harmony, 2nd their fufpending the mind too much by their extraordinary length. But both tiicfe defecls cmnol be better con- ceived, I ban tiy Mr. Pope's ofiaiuii of them 'in\i'i Alt cfCiiliciJm. A L G " A needlefs AlexarJrire ends the fone, That, like a wounded fnake, drago its flou length along." ALEXIFHA'RMIC, Adj. faXiv>,.fjua- Kov, Gr. troni aXi^cjo, Gr. to diive oiu or re- pel, and <f!tpy.aKyy, Gr. p( ifonj in its prim'- live fenfe, I'onicthing which nas the virtus ot expelling poifons taiitn internally, and i^ the fame as an antidote. UfeJ fu'ulldiuivelv, 1-y inoderii praclitioners, it means remedies a •jjpied, or proper to expel that malignancy with which the animal Ipirits are aittdled in acute diftempers, ihrough the poies oi' the fein, in the form ot a Iweat. ALEXITE'RIAL, Adj. [from cXe^o., Gr. to r..pelj that which drives away poilun, or expels the malignant humours aciendin^^ acute difeafes. ALEXITc'RIAL, ALEXITE'RICAL.'- ALEXITE'RIC, Adj. [r'rom aAs^si-, Cr. -o diive av/ayj thJt whiih repels poUon, or the malignant humours ot fevers. ALFANDl'GA, S, [Port.] the name of the cuftom-houfe at Lilbon where the duiiej of export and impoiC ate paid. A'LGETRANE, S. a kind of pitch, oi bituminous matter foiind in the b^y irrmed iiy the rape of St. Hekna, on th:ifle La Plata, which iiiuesout at a hule three or lour paces Jrom the high water mark. A'LGEBRA, S. [from alandgdtr, Arab. ifae reduction of broken numbers to wholej a branch of Arithmetic, which takes the quan- tity fought, as if granted ; and, by means of cne or more qu^intities given, proceeds by confequence till the quantity at firft only fup- pof^a to be ];nown, or fome power of it, is found ti) be equal to fome quantity or quanti- ties known, and, confequenily, itfelf known iik«wife. The origin ol this art is very much controverted, though, iridee.!, its invention is univcrfally atrrlbuted to Diophantus. A'LGEERAIC, or ALGEBR A'ICAL, Adj. [frcm algeira] fomeihing relative, of bfloncmg to algebra. ALGkBRA'iCAL Curvf, is that where in the relation of the abfciili to the fcmi^rd - jiau'5 m.iy be determined by an algebraic cqna- iiijn y and is contradiuiaviuilhed to a mechani- <a! and tianfcendental one. ALG-ijRA'iST, S. [from a/^f^ra] aper- I'on acquainted wi;h, or converfant in, th;: operations of algebra. A'LGENEL, S. [in Afticnomy] a fixed liar of the lecond magnitude, on the left fide ci thu conlieilacion named Pcrfeus. Long. 27 deg. 46 min. 4 fee. of Taurus; and Lit. 30 deg. 5 inin. 20 fee. N. according to f !am- iiead. A'LGIDITV, A'LGIDNESS, S. [from rf'£r</J that quality wliicii makes a thin^cold. ALGIE'RS, or ARGlE'R, S. a ki gdom of Africa, bounded on the E. by Tunis ; on the W. by the kingdom of Fez; on the N. by the MeJlUrranean, and on the S> by A L I Mount Atlas. Fom N. to S. it is 450 m5ley» where broadcft ; hut, in other pices, only 180. It is fuppoied to have been the Mauri- tania Cie''aricr.l)S of the Romans, and is con- firmed to havi been Co from the city of Cael'a- re?, which vv.«3 built by Jubi, in honour of Auguftus. After its corqueft by the Arabs, 't W3S failed the kirgdon:i ot '1 rerrecen. Its climate is fo temp erue, that it enjoys a con- ilant verdure rll the year round. Algier, the capital of this kingdom, is fo very populous, that the foreign merchants amoun: at lead U) three thoufand f'amilifS; and the Jews tJ no Id's tjjjn eight thou'"and : almoft the whole trade palTes through their hands. The gre.iteft rommerce of thi Algerines confills in 'he goods th'.y obtain by the pyratical plunder of all Chriltiar.s they meet wtth in the Medi- terranean, and that pait of the ocean near them. Their marine is fo ftrong, that they can ..t ou'. tweUy-n-o or twenty three vel- icls annually, with three cr four hundred men each. There s i.ot one p^yfici^n in Algiers, IK r throughout the «hole kingdom ; for they l:'ck upon the taki.ig 01 medicines as nothing lefs than tem^rting God. ALGI'FIC, Adj. [from algtdui, Lat. cold, and ;;V;, Lat. to makej that which caufes or ptocuces cold. A'LCO'., S. [in AOronomy] Medufa's head, a fixed ftar of the third magnitude, in Perleu'. Long. 21 degr. 50 min 42 (tc^i Taurur. Lat. 22 deg. 23 min. 47 fee'. N, according to Flimdead. A'LIAS, Adv. [Ltt.J otherwife; ufed in law to fpecity the diiferent names by which the criminal has gone: as " Storke, alias Yo'.mg, a/i.Ji G.iffi;h:," /. f. " Storke, oiher- wife Young, olherwile Griffiths." ALIBA'NICS, S. cotton clotli, imported into HoU.ind from the Ea't- indies. A'LICHONS, S. the w.ngs, o» ladles of a wheel. ALrcONDE, S. [..^thlop.] a tree which grows in Lower i^ihiopis, whofe Iruu re- lembles the cocoa, but is not fie to eat. A'LIHL'-, Adj. [aitiilii, Lat. from aleo, to nourifhj that which nourilhcs ; or thoC wh'ch may be nouiifiied. A'LIEN, Adj. [uiicnus, Lat.] not of the fame kind. Inconfiftent witn j eflranged ir^m ; at enmi-y w-tii. A'LIEN, S. [alicKus, Lat.] fomething nd- verle to, or atciimtty v. ith. " An j/.t;i toilni hearts of all the cour;." Sl>jiJf. Hamkt. A foreigner, or one of another countiy. Not of the fame prot'ciri.n, paity, or left. To A'LIEN, V. A. [alienor, Fr. al.^M, Lat. J to transfcrr our own property to another. To grow avi;rle ^o ; to d (like. A'LIENABLE, Ad. [{tarn alien and aral. Sax. power or poiribilityj that which may be transferred 10, and become the property of another. To A'LIEyATE, \^ A- [from alienatuK, lupine A L I fopInC of fl.'///;a, Lat.] to transfer property to another. To grow averfe to, by transferring our arTe£lions ti> fome other perfon or thing. A'XIEN ATE, Adj. [<i/ie»afw,Lat.j;averfe, or enemies to. ALIEN A'TION, S. [alknatia, Lat.] the aft of transferring property to another. Change of ..fi'-ft-on fiom approb.uion to diHike. ALI'CEHOUS, Adj. [Sliger, Lat. of ala, Lat. a wing, and gero, to bearj that which has wings. To ALI'GHT, V. N. [from alihtan, Sax. or allchtan, Dutch] to delcend from a higher liruation to a lower. To defcer.d from, or get cfFan horfe. To tall upon from a higher place. ALI'KE, Adv. [from a and like] equally, or in the fame manner. Both 5 without dif- ference, or diftinftion. Refembling. A'LIMENT, S. \_aliinentum, Lat. from ale'o, to nourifhj food, or that which nourifhes, or fatisfies the calls of hunger. ALIME'NTAL, Adj. [fiom aliment] that which can increafe the dimenfions of plants or animals, by being txken in food. ALIME'NTARINESS, S. [horn anmen- tary and ne/i] the quality which renders a thing capable of affording nouri/hment. ALIME'NTARY, Adj. [trom aliment'] that wliich hath relation, or belongs to ali- ment J that which nourilhes, or is eaten for diet. ALIMENTATION, S. [from aliment] the quality, a£lion, or power of affording nourifh- ment j or the increafing of the dimenfions of a body, by converting food into its own fub- ftance. " They have an accretion, but no alimentation." Bac. Nat. L''ji. ALIMO'NIOUS, Adj. [from aHmonia, Lat.] that which nouriihes. A word feldom ufed. A'LIMONY, S. [from aliminia, Lat.] in Its primary {tnh, nouriflimenr ; but nov/ ap- propriated to the law, v, herein it implies that allowance wAich a married woman fues for, and is entitled to, u;;on any occafional fepara- tion, provided it be not for elopement or adul- tery. A'LIPOW-MONTIS CETI, S. [in Bota- ny] a kiad of white turbeth, a very ftrong purgative. A'LIQUANT, Adj. {al.quaniumy Lat.] in Arithmeiic, is that part 01 a number wh ch will not meafure 01 divide it, without having a remainder. Or that which, being taken any number of times, will always be greater or lefs, than the number or quantity of which It is an aliquant part. Thus 2 is the aliquant part of 7 J becaufe twice 2 wants 3 of 7, and 4 times 2 exceeds 7 by i. And 7 isanali^uiirt part of 30, becaufe it will not divide cxadlly, or without leaving a for a remainder. A'LIQyOT, Adj. [of aliquot, Lat.] in Arithmetic or Geometry, fuch a part of any quantity or number, as will exaftly meafure ALL or divide It, without any thing remaining over. Thus 4 is the alic^wit pdit of 8 j 5 of 10 J and 6 of 13. To timi l\ie.' aliquot parts of any number, divide the j.iven nuT-ber oy its Icaft divilor, and the, quotient by its laft divllor, till you find a quotient no longer di- vifible. A'LISH, A.fj. [from ale and ifi, of the Saxon termination ifc, or ijk, Goth.] that which is like, or refemble? ale in Tome of its qualities. " The iv/tet alijh tifte." Mortim. ALi'VE, Adj. [from a and ti-ve, ot liiaa, or leoban, Saic. lehen, Teut. or kven, Dutch] enjoying all the powers of adion belonging to a living an'mal J a ftate wherein the fouTrc- mains united to the body. Chearful, fprght- ]y, gay, sod full of fpirits. Figuratively, without diminution, or lefTening. ALKALE'SCENT, Tart, [from alkali] that which refembles the qualities of an alka- li. " All animal diet is ali:akfcent, or an an- tiacid." /Jrhuth. A'LKALI, S. [from kali, Arab. glj/Tgvorr, which having been burnt toaflies, they boilej in water; and after evaporating, called the white fait remaining/a/ ^tf//, or alkali] in Me- dicine, by fome \vritcrs defined to be that which will caufe an effetvefcence when mingled with an acid j but Boerhaave explodss; this definition as defeftive, and fbewS, that too great a dependence on it may beproduftivc of dangerous confequences. ALKALl'NE, Adj. [from alkali] that which has the qualities of alkali. To ALKA'LIZATE, V. A. [itomalhalil to make bodies alkaline by chemical proccfi j or to draw out the latent alkaline virtues of a body, by reducing it to a di-^erent form. ALKA'LIZATE, Adj. [itom alkali] that which has the powers and qualities of a body which is termed an ali^ali by medial writers. ALKALIS.VTION, S. [horn aikahz.!] m Chemiftry, the aft of impregnating, or ming- ling, a fluid with an alkaline fait, cither to make it a better diifolvent, or to lo.id the phlegm fo that it may not arife in d'iliilation. A'LKANET, S. [_Uom altanneinA (Ikanne, Arab, alcana, corrupt, Lat.J in Botany, the anchufa, a plant of the buglofs kind, with a red root, brought from the fouth of France. ALKEKE'NGE, S. [in Medicine] a fruit or berry, produced from .i tree of the fame name, the leaves of which are acid and bitter. ALKLE'RMES, S. [Arab.] in Medicine, a term borrowed from tlie Arabs, denoting a rich cardiac eleftuary, coiififtint* of feveral warm and aromatic ingredients, of which kermes is the bafis. ALL, Adv. [fee ALL, Adj.] enttrely, " yill amaz'd the pried let fall the book." Sbakefp. Exclufive of any other. •' To love my father all.''' Shaktfp, Lear. ALL, Adj. [a/, aal, ea'le, all. Sax. ell, Brit, all, alls, Goth, alle. Run. and Dutch, alle, Teut. and e^®-, Gr.j applied to number, i' ALL 'f fometimes is iifed colleftively for the whole or every one of the parts without exception. We are all one man's fons." Gen. xlii. 2. Applied to quantity, every parcel, or eveiy particle. Applied to time, the whole fpace lent The major part, or gre.ateft ALL, S. the whole, oppofeJ to a part, or nothing. " She cart in a'l, even all that fhe had." MJrk xii. 44. This ivord is much ufea i/rcomDofition. ■ ALL-BEA'RING, Pait. [from a'!, figni- (ying r^'eclion, and fuUnefs, in allufion to that of the Sax. a:l. in comporuion, and bear- ing] that which is fully, entirely, and perfeifi:- I7 iiuitful; that which pr(^dt;ccs all thinps. ALL-CHE'£R1NG, Part, [from tf/, Six. and cheering'] that which imparts comfort and cheerfulnefs to ail ; that which perfe(Jtly pof- fefles the power of communicating gaitty, or fitisfaftion, to every one. ALL-COMP4A'NDlNG, Part, [from all of a!, entirely, and commandirf] that which over-rules all ; that which governs with un- controulabje fway. ALL-COMPO'SING, Part, [from all, of eel. Sax. and coinfofirg] that v. hich is endued With a power of compofinn or ending any an- xiety, or difturbance. " The bands of all- compcf.rg reft." rope. ALLANTO'IS,or ALLANTOEI'nES,S. ffrom «X>.a;, Gr. a gut, and siJt^, Gr, a re- femblancej a thin fmooth membrane inverting the fcetus ; whofe reality, though long con- troverted, has been cftablifhed by Dr. Hals ■and M. Littre. To ALLA'V, V. A. [from alloytr, Fr,] to mix one metal with another, to render it fit or proper for coinage. In this fenfe fome fpel! it alhy, in order to keep more tlofcly to the French, from whence it is borrowed. To ibare, or lelTen any (quality. " No friendly offices fhall alter or allay that rjncrur." Scab. To quiet, pacify, or reduce a boifteroiis tern peft into a calm. " If by your art you have put the wild waters in this tos,T,aliay them." ^hahjp ALL ALLA'Ynfr.NT, S. [from aVay] a dlral- n',/hir>g, or lf(Tc-nin '. applied to the pafli'inf. ALL-CONQUERING, P^srt. [from all oi the S-Jx. al, and conjueritig] that which fub- Jues every thing. or interval. Applied to place, its whole ex- ALL CONSU'MING, Part, [of a.V, from <?/, Sax. and co'ifumitig] th.t which perfcftly confumes J that whicii deftroys everything in Us tiower. ALL-DEVOU'RING, Part, that which perfeflly devoiirs j that which eats up every- thing. ALLEGA'TION, S. [from allego, Lat.] an affirmation, decl.iration ; inciud ng the fe- condaryidea of fomeihin J ciilpaole, or criminal. To ALLE'GE, V. a'. [a%<7, Lat.] to de- clar*?, or affirm; to pl;;d as-^an excufe; to produce in defence. ALLEGE/ABLE, Adj. [from alkge and nl'al, S x. implying pofiibility, or powerj any thing that maybe charged; anyNhing that mav be p'ejj.'d in excufe. ALLE'GER, S. [from allege] he that af- ferf or declares ^ny thing. ALLB'GI-^NCE, S. [allegiance, Fr.] in Law, tlV.Tt natural, fworn, or legal obedience every fobjeft owes to his prince, and is an in- ci.ient inlep.irible, or that wl'iich follows a pctfnn, whercfoevur he goes. Oath of allegiance is that, v.rhifh is taken tei the king in quality of a fcmooral piince, and is diftingui/hed from ihit of fuprcmicy, which is take*n to him in quality of fupreme head of the church. ALLEGO'RIC, Adj. [Uom al'cgory, wrote formerly all£c,o''ick] fomething wlmh muft be underftood figuratively, in oppofition to literal. ALLEGO'RICAL, aA. [from all(go<y] that which cnnfirts of expu fTijns purely figu- rative, whete fomething elie is meant than what is CTpiefTed ; opuofi-d to literal; mvftical. aLLEGO'RICALLY, Adv. [ixom al!eg»- ric-il and ly\ figurativjly, in oppofition 10 lite- ral h''. ALLEGCi'RIC ALNESS, S.the quality of being figurative. ALLEGO'RY, S. \eiKKr,yma., from aXXoc, I Gr. ailother, and tiyi^ivi, Gr. u> Ipcak J a figu- ALLA'Y, or ALLO'Y, S. {alky, F.] injrarive fpeecii, i,i whuh fomething clfe is con- its primary fenfi., a mixture of divers metakj-i^fHiiied th^n what the literal meininj convey or of divers pirccls of the famemcial of diffe- rent finenefs. Minters never ftrike Tny gold or filver without allay; brafs coin is made of an .illy of copper: )ewelltrs, Wire-rirav/er«, and Gold-beaters, are obliged to ufe an allay in the gold" they work 5 the Rfai's-founders haveiheir allay of copper. AUay is uled in a fecnndary fenfe for fomo'hing wliich leiTens, cr diminifties the properties of the thing with Tfchich it is mix.'d. That whleh depieciates, or renders bafe, by diminut on or lelTeoing. ALLA'YER, S. [from alhiy and er, imply 5ng nnagsnt, of wj r, Goth, or loaer^ S :x. a manj the perfon or th np wni .h is endued with a power ot allaying, Icfi'-j.i.ig, licoafing, eor- upung, or ditn'.ni.'b'rij. Thus the Roman commonwealth isaddrefl'ed ky Horiice under the pi(fture of a (hip. The Fables of ^f .p, the llia« and O.iyfTey af Ho- ir.cr, aif.d the /En;is of Virgil, may be includ- ed under this fpecies of writing. ALLE'-GRO, S. [Itil. gay^or fprightiy] In Mufic, one of the fix diflin<ftions of time, ex- prefiing the quickeft motion, excepting prefto, as "■Allegro ma r,ijn prejlo," quick, but not fo faft as pre!lo. If it be preceded by poco, it mufi be played in a fiower or graver'manner than w'nen allegro ftands alone; if hy piu, it miift then be talleft of all. It will not be im- proper to 4dd, that the fix divifions of time jie ^s folinw: gravc^ Oiliigio, largo, vivace, allegro, prefio. ALLE, ALL AI.LELU'j AH, S. fa corrupt fpell'ng, in- fteavi of hallehijah,'] a word of fpiritu?! lap- ti're, whirh, cii account ofits peculiar energy, is generally untranilated ; but fignifies, Praife ye the Lord. ALLEMA'NDA, or ALLEMA'ND, S. fital.j in mufic, a grave air, compofed in cor.imon time, ccnfilHng of two pans, or itrains. ALLE'RIONS,S.[Fr.] in hcr?.Kiiy,easlets, reprelentcd (preaii, and wuiiout beaks or feet ; and dittVr fro;n the martlet, liecaule that has a beak, and has its wings ihut. To ALLE'VIATE, V. A. {alh-iw, Lat.] Figuratively, to lighten, to make lighter or lels, in ailufion to the diminifning the preflure of a he^ivy load. To lellen, mitigate, or di- minlih the enormity ot a fault. ALLEY, S. [aiUe, Fr.] in gsrdtning, a ftrsit walk, bounded on each fide with trees or Ihrubs. Alleys are diftmguifted I'rom paths, as being broad enough for t/-o people to walk abreafi. The word is in towns applied to nar- row paflages, to diftinguiJh them from firects, which are wider. Alley in f>si fpeni-ve, is that which is larger at the entiance than ?t the Oppofite extremity, in order to make it ftem long. ALL-FOU'ilS, S. [from ali and fcur] in gaming, a particular play, wherein the whole fum a perfon gains each deal is limited to four, which are tiie hijheft, loweft, and the knave of trumps, and the game, or the greaieft num- ber to be made from tens and court cards ; the latter of which are reckoned four for an ace, three lor a king, two for a queen, and one for the knave; and he who has all thele particu- lar?, is faiU to be all-fours, ALL-HA'IL, Intc'j. [from a// of <r//, Sak'. in compofition, iT.plying perfeft, and h/'U, fignifying health] a fslutation or invocation inadeuleofin acknowledgment of heneriLS, or in tcHimony of jiratitu tL-y a'ld good will, ALL-H.VLLOWN, S. ftrom' ^2// snd Lai- low, of halgean, Sax. to con'ecrate] the fiifon, or fpacd oj time near All- Saint's dav. ALL-H A'LLOW-TIDE, S. | comFounded of a//, halloiv, and lUc, from tid, S.x. ttid, Teut. taydan, Dalm. ttUUn, Sclav. i.nd Boh. te%!n, a week; hence ivh'tfo-.'-tide, o' whit- Ion- weekj that fpace ef time v.huh is near Al!-Sair.i's day, (•!■ :he 2l o. N verriber. ALL-HL'AL, S. (ti^m all, of aell, Sax. in compofition, f.gnilying pjif-dlion, and heal, of talen, Sax. lieler:, Bclg. heykn. Tout, to curej in Botany, a fpecies of iron wort, a vulnerary, deriving its name from its gr^at efficacy. ALLl'ANCE, S. \al\aTice, Fr. from aU-.er, of lur, to bind, or of ad to, and ligo, Lat. to t'.ndj.the union or connexion of two pett'ons or two families by mariiape. In a polit cal fenfe, the leagues or treaties between different ftates for their munia! f>ate of defence. ALU'CIENCY, S. [from alliao, Lat. to ALL entice, or alli:re] the quality of attrafting, or drawing to ; attrai^inn. ALLIGA'TION, S. [from alllo-ate] the a£l of uniting, or the ftatc of things united, linked or joined together. In Arithmetic, the rule, wherein queOions are refolved relating to the mixtures of different ccmmodities, vvith their value, eftefls. Sec, when lo compounded A<.L.JU'DGING, Part, ftrom all and judge] that which exercifss juugmcnc without controvil, or partiality. ALL-KNO'WING, Part, ffrom alUni ^Mcwjthatwhichisintimately acquainted wicli every thing that is the obj.-iT: of knowledge j or whole knowledge is perfedt without defeat. " An all wife, all-kmiuwg Being lowers down, every day, his henchts, on the un- thankfti! and undefcrving." Alterbury. A'LLIO TK, S. in Aftronomy, a ^ir, ia the tail of the great bear, of great ufe in ob- fervations at Tea. ALLOCA'nOM,S.ffroma//5«,Lat.]the aft of putting one thing to another. In com- merce, the admifii-^n or allowance of an ar- ticle to an acro'snt, ard the ptfii.ng it as fuch. In the Exchequer it is an allowance made up- on account. ALLO/DFAL, Adj. [from allcdwrn, Lat.] in Law, rhat of which a perl'on has an abfolute proper:y,v,i;hout paying any acknowledgment or fc'vice, and is oppofed to feudal. ALLO'DIUM, S. ffrom all, and lojxt, "Pfeut. frecj a poffefllon v.-hich a man holds in his owji rigin without any dependence, charge, •Vrvice, or homage to be paid to a fuperior lord, ALLO'NGE, S. \allor.ger, Fr.] in Fencing, a pals, or pufh, which derives its name from the lengthening of the arm in link- ing it. i o ALLOC, or HALLOO', V. A. fpro- no.mced balko, oi halUr, Fr. t ) make a noife] t') tet a dog on ; or excite his courage, fo as to I'^i-^e one of Jiia own or any other fpecies. To ALLO'T, V. A. [from a and lot, of lot,?t. hkt, S.^x.] iodiftribute by lot ; to »f- fign a (hare ; to grant. ALLO'TTING, S, [from allot'] in Com- merce, is when a ftiip's goods are divided into different parcels, to be purchafed by petfons whofe names are wrote on pieces of paper, which are indifferently affixed to each of fuck lots, and the goods thus divided without any partiality. ALLO' TMENT, S [from allot} the parcel, (hare, lot, office, or coiiditi')n afligned to any on". ALLO'TERY, S. [from odd] that whi::!! is grained, or ^ffxiuvA "> u.iy j^crJon Oil a divi- lion, diilrthu'ion, or lot To ALLOW, V. N. {a'lo::"r, Fr.] tocon- fefs, to yield, auinit, grai.t, ^acknowledge, or jflcnt to J principle, in oppofirion to contra- ^idion. " The pow'r of ii-ulcallour hearts ALL slfoiu.'^ Pope. To yield, or permit. To confer an honour on a perfon. To approve as jufl, or confirtent with one's duty. To give, tobeftow, to pay as a debt. " If we no tears allcnu — To him." iValkr, To grant without any obligati- on to do It. To make a conceflion, abatement. ALLO'WABLE, Adj. [from allmv and chal. Sax. implying power, or pofTibilityJ that which may be granted, or permitted. Thu which does not imply an error, or contrsrtic tion. That which may be fuffered, as repug- nant or inconfiftent with no laws, ALLO'WABLENESS, S. [horn aUo-wnh!r ar,d n?/jj the quality of a thirip, which f^erotpf it to be lawful, proper to be granted or per- mitted, and no ways inconfiftent wi;h the rules of reafon, the ctiOoms of a place, the written ftatutesof a country, or the rules o! fcrjpture. ALLOWANCE, S. [from alhiv'] the granting, conceflion, or yiel.-iing affent to ?ny <lo£lrine, opinion, or piinciplc. Permiflion, licence, or confent, appi-ed to fuperior:. Li- berty, tteedom from reflraint, uled with the word give, " GHe alloiviirce to their imlin,'- tions.' Lockt. Conceflion. " Parents nsver give allivar.ct (or zn innocent jiaflion,'' Snvift. In Commerce, thofe deduftions granted at the cuftom-houfe for goods rated by weight, and by dry or liquid meafure. ALLO'WED, Part, [from a.'.W] univer- fally acknowledged ; eftabl Ihed with refpefl to chara£ler. " There is no fl^nder in an al- IcnvediooX." Sbakajp, Tivelfib Nigkt. In Com- merce, it is written in the m.irgin of an ac count of expences, oppofite to fuch articles, a; are granted. ALLO'V, S. [See ALLAY] bafer metal mlxc with that of greaicr value; made ufe of in coinage to give the metal it is mixed wiih a greater hardnefs, by which it might be kept Irom wearing; or to increale its dim&nfions. ALL-POWERFUL, .'Vdj. [from all, o( aell, Sax. or al! Goth, md poueiful\ a power capable of operating without dete£l, or con- troul, and of producing every thing that is con- fident with infinite wifdom. " O a// po-werf„i Being, the leaft motion of whofe will can ere ate or deftroy a world." Sivift. ALL-SA'INTS DAY, S. [from alljjir.ts, and t^ay] the day fet apart by the chuich u> commemorate the exemplary lives and noble fortitude of all the faints and martyrs ; added as a fupplementary day to the reft of the felii- vaU, that thofe who were worthy of remem- brance, might not be paffed over without no tice, and that the human mind might be more ftrongly excited lo exemplary piety, or pious martyrdom; by confideringlhenumberof ihofc v;hich have preceded in thofe fhining paths. ALL-SEE'R, S. [(torn all and/f<J he that is prefeiit tveiy where; he that fees all things. " That high ai!-[ar which dallied with." Shakcjp. Rich. 111. ALL-SEE'ING, Part, [from c// and /«] ALL endued with the power of feeing every thing; ■ mnifcient. '• That all-feeing and all-making mind." Drfd. ALL-SOU'LS DAY, S. [from all, foul, and day^ a feftival obferved by the church of Rome, on the zd of November, with a par- ticular fervice relating to the louls, fuppofed to i'e in purgatory. ALL-SUFFi'CIENT, Part, [from a// and f'fficienr] capable of procuring every thing which is the objeft of power or wildom ; ab- folutely perfeft in himfelf. " He is every way perfeft, and aV-fujfider,t ." Noriis. Perfeflly adapted to; applied to evidence, capable of producing all that confirmation, or convidlion, (or which it is intended. To ALLU'DE, V. A. [alludo, Lat.] to have a diftant refpeft to a thing, without men- tioning it exprefly ; to hint at. " True it is, that many things of this nature be alluded un- tc.'^ Hooker. A'LLUM, S. [alurm, Lat. ahm, Teut.] foflil fair, or white mineral, feparated from the earth by walhing it with water, which be- ing impregnated with its falls, is after boiled and evaporated. Italy produces the greateft quantity, and the beft allum of any country. That of P.ome or Civita Vecchia is reddifh, bccaufe the earth from whence it is taken, is ot that colour. The allum of England is in great pieces or lumps, clear and tranfparent like chryftal ; and is more or lefs fine, accord- ing as it is well or ill purified. It ismade of a ftone of a blueilh colour found in Yorkfiiire, ur'ne, i-nd fea-weed. The allum of Liege, or M-cziers, is of the f'me nature as the Engli/h, excepting that it is lomewhat fatter. Allum ol the Levant differs but little from thofe al- ready mentioned. The large is the beft, and the mine lies about three or four days journey from Smyrna. There is another fort brought from Conftantinople, which is reckoned pre- terable to it. ALLU'MINOUS,Adj. [from alumer., Lat,] that which has the properties of allum ; or that which is mixed with allum. Waters of this kind are prepared by dyers, to make their rtuffs take their colours the better; and thofe which are to be crimfon, muft be fteeped in water made very ftrong wiih this ingredient. To ALLU'MINATE, [allumer, Fr. of a- luir.en, Lat.] to embellilh. In Painting, to waili prints with al.'um water, to keep the colours from finking or running. To ALLU'RE, {leurer, Fr. km:, or leuren, Belg. leuder, Teut, ludro, Ital. or bilanvan. Sax.] to entice, or attraft, either in a good or bad fenfe ; to perfuade or draw, by the ad- dition ol fomething befides the intrinfic value and advantages of the objctt. " In laws it has always feemed neeot'ul to addre.^ards, which may more altwt unto good." Hooker, To charm or affeft the mind with a fenCarion of pleafuic. " Each fiatt'iLog hope, and each : alluring joy." Lytlle'on. ■ ALLU'RE, A L M ALLU'RE, S. [her, -v^'ghel, Teut. hder, Belg. a betrayerj originally fomeartificial bird, made life of by bird-catchers, to entice birds into their traps. Figuratively, any dilng that entices, or driv.s a perfon into the power of another. " The rather to train them to his oUure,^'' Ifjyiv. ALLU'REMENT, S. [frGm alhre] that which has the power cf cniicing by its charm': ; temptation ; enticement. ALLU'RER, S. [from aL'u-e and f,] the perfon who tempts, or fcduces by fair fpeeches ; entices or invfiiles. ALLU'RlNGLY,AJv, [from a//«rjV^, and />•] in .1 manner proper to entice, tempt, in- veigle, or fed lice. ALLU'RINGNESS, S. [horn al/uihg and refs] a quality, whofe charms have fuch efieft upon the mind, as to prevail on it to eng,»ge in any aftion, either good or bad. ALLU'SION, S. [from aJ to, and Iiidt-rt, to pljyj lomethifjg fpoken, with reference to a thing already known, and on that account not cxpreff'd A reference; hint, or impl. cation. ALLU'SIVE, Adj. [from a.'/ufuir, fupin.- of al!u!'.'j\ that whicii does not mention a tbiap exprefly, but comprehends it by implication ; that which hints at fometiiing not fuily ex- prefTed; figuratively, in oppoiition to plain, or exprefs. ALLU'SIVELY, My. [from aUuJlre and ly, of/jf,Sjx.J in a manner wherein a reference ismade to fomethinp not cxprefTedjbut implied. ALLU'SIVEKESS, S. the quality of ex- prefiing a thing bv implication, or by reference, oppofed to exprefly, direttly, or pbinly. ALLU'VION, S. [allwuio, Lat. from ad, to, and U'vo, to wafhj in its primary fenfe, a flowing, or fwelling of waters near any land. ALLU'ViOUS, Adj. [from ai:ui'ium,\.3.u\ that which is wafhed away from one place, and carried to another. ALL-WrSE, Adj. [from a!', of <r//, Sax. and w;/r] that which is endued w;th abf lute, perfedt, or infinite wifdom. " There is an in- finite, etern.il, aU-ivifc mind governing the aflair' of the world.'* South. To ALL'Y, V, A. [from allicr, Fr. oUJ, and //^;J to join toe^•th^r,, or unite by kind- red, friendfhip, c r in etell. To refitr.ble, or be like, in the pafuve. ALL'V, S. [in the plural all. a, from aUit, Fr.] one who is joined to, or has connexions with another, owing to fome contrafV, whether that of marriigeor treaty ; and is applied both to perfons an.i kins;j(,ms. One who is united to another by hi-^ndfhip. ALMACA/NTAR, [from almocarttar, a! mucantar, ox a'mjcantharat, Arab.) in Aftro- nomy, a circle drawn parallel to the horizon. It is generally ufed in the plural, and fifnihes a feries of parallel circles drawn thrc,uj;h the feveral degrees of the meridian. ./^lmacLintai''s fi^ff, a mathematical iniuument, made of pear- tt«c oi bo.x-wood, with aii arch cor.uLniiiic 15 A L M -leg. formerly ufed to find the altitude of the fun at its rifing, in order to difcover its ampli- tude, and the variation of the compafs. ALMAGE'ST, S. [of alrr.agife, Arab, which they fubftitutedin th;-ir tranflation for Its title j-i;/Ta|iV ju^^iri, Or.] the name of a ce'cbiated work of Ptolemi?, containing a col- leftion of geometri:al problems, and aftrono- mical obfervalions madr by the ancients, A'LIvTANAC,or AL'MAN ACK, .S.[frotn alm&r.ack, Fr. of cl, Arab, and tnanah, F-ieb. but mod probably from al, maen, and acbtt, Tcut.j a cable or calendar wherei > the days of the weeks, fHfts,feftivals, changes of the moon, variation of time between clocks and the fun, scliplcs, t:meof hij.h water at London Bridge, begin lines and endings of terms, Sfc. are noted for the enfuing year. The modern almanack refembles the fafti of the ancient Romans. As the almanac-makers were formerly great ef- poufers of judicial aftrology, or pretended to predid future events by the Itars, Hen. 111. of France, made an edlfl in i579> " That none of that tribe fliould for the future prefume to publi/h pred'flions relating to the afl'airs of the ftate, or of private perfons, in terms either txprefs or covert." ALMA'NDIN, or ALMA'NDINE, S. [alrr.and.r.e, Ital.J a precicu'; .lone, fomewhit like tha ruby, but fouler and lighter than the oriental, and rather refemblirig the granate in celour. ALMIG'HTINESS, S. \(rama'mlghtyini «c/i] that attribute of the Deity, wherein he is confidered as able to perform everything that is the objedt of abfokite, perfcfl, uncontroul- able, and infinite power; Omnipotence. AL.Ml'GHTY, Adj. [formerly fpelt (J.'.'- Kiighiy, from admigltig. Sax. from ad', Sax, or liu, Goth, and niightyl that which is pof- feffed of perfect, abfolu'.e, uncontroulable, or unlimited power; that which can do every thing that infinite wifdom can dictate, or in- finite pov.cr can execute. "Lord almigh'y,')nik and true nre thy ways." Re-v. xv. 3. and xvi.7. A'LMOND, S. lamande, Fr. amanddj, Ital. j a fruit containe'l in a ftone full of little cellf, which is ir.clofidin a tough fkin. They are divided into fweet and bitt;r, on account of their difTcrcnt taftes. The French lapida- ries give this name. Almonds, or .Amande?, to tiiole pieces of rock cryftal which are cut with'a whsel, into forms refembling this fruif, and are ufcd to adorn chindeliersof glafs, and other pieces of furniture made of glafs, or chryllal. A'LMOND.TREE, S. [from fl/W«</ and tret] the tr.'e which beart almond?. A'LMONDSoF theThroat, or TON- SILS, improperly ililed Almonds of the eats. See T0>;:,1LS. A'LMONER, or A'LMNER, S. [amm. Ker, fr. oi e'.eemojynarius, Lat. J a per Ion em- ployed by a prince to diilribute his alms to ihi puur, A'LMO- A LO A'LMONRY, S, [from almoner, the place vherein the almoner keeps his office, or dif- tributes the alms to the poor. ALMO'ST, Adv. [al-n.eejl, Belg.] applied to aflion, near performing it. " They be a!- wo/2 ready to ftone me." Exod. xyn.^. Ap- plied to number or mii!titi;de, a confiderabij majority, liitle lefs than the whole. " Came alu'oji the whole city together." u^B^y-va. 44. Applied to tiine, very near ihe period men- tioned. "When fevendays werea/w^/Zended." A8s xxi. 27. Applied to the efteft of an argu- ment, not far from perfuading, or convi£lion. " ^-.ir.cj} thou perfuadeft me to be a Chrifti- an." y:lBi xxvi. 28. ALMOUCHI'QUOIS, S. a favage nation,, near the river Chovocovet, and the illand Bac- chus in Canada, North America, who (have ihftir foreheads to the crown, wear long leeks «n the hind part of their heads, tied in knots, and adorned with feathers ; their faces are painted red and black; they plant tobacco, iiave great plenty of wines, and do not quit their fettlements, like the other favages. ALMS, S. [never ufed but in the plura', of 'tbntiy or dmejj'e, Sax. from Ef^eny-oTWi, Irom EXiii?, Cr.j money, or other necefiaries given to relieve the necelTities of the poor and dif- trefled, including in it a tender fympathy in their afflirtions, and a pious readinefs to re- lieve thsm. " Do not your a/nu before men." Mett. vi. I. A'LME-EASKCT, S. [from a/ywand bjf- ket] a bafketcanied about, in t'oreign coun'rics, to collect provifions, and other aim.-, i.jr the benefit of a convent, or religiiius hoLfe. A'LMS-DEED, S. [from alms and deed] an a(f> of charity ; or fomething done out of com- p.'Hii-n, 10 relieve the diltrelles and wants of others. A'LFv'tS-GlVER, S. [from alin% and give] one who IS charitable ; or is fond of relieving \hi necelfities of the poor, A'LMS-HOUSE, S. [from alms and houje] a houfe endowed by legacies, or other dona- tions, for the indging and fupport of the de- cayed, and poor. A'LMS-lV'ftK, S. [from alms and man] a man wh"^ is lupporied by charity or alms ; one who belongs to an alms-houfe, a.Td wea:s the gown apprciprla'ed to it. " My gay apparel for an alw.i-mahz gown." iihakefp. Pich. II, A'i.KAGER, A'LNEGER,or AU'LNE GER, S. [from aulnage or aunage, Fr.] in its primary fignification, a meafurer by the ell ; applied to an officer who is to Inlpedl the fize cf woollen cloth throughout the land, with refpeft to the length, breadth, fabric, and the feals ordain. d for that purpofe. But the ainager, at trefcnt, feems to be only the colltdlorot the duty granted to the kin^ for that com- modity ; and the other branches of his office are fupplied by two oher per.ons, nan)fly a feaichev and mt^aUjrer. A'LOES, i.[acbalQS, Ksb. *>m, Or. alee. A L O Lat-] this word is applied to a tree^ a plan*, and a medicinal juice extrafted from the plant. The wood grows in China, in the kingdom 0/ Lao, and in Cochin China. It is a large tree, or at leaf! about the fize of the olive, refembles it likewife in its leaves, and its fruit is red, like a cherry. The wood of the trunk is of three colours j under the bark it is black and heavy ; the next wood is of a tanned colour, lieh', an J refembles rotten wood ; but the heart is tiiB tambac, or calembac, which is dearer in the Indies than gold itfelf, and was reckoned by the Siamc'e the moft valuable prefcnt they could make to Louis XIV. Tavernier fays, he faw at Ifaphan, a log of this wood, about fix feet Ion J, and two in compafs, which coft 40,000 pardoes, or 5.1,000 French livres. ALOE'TIC, Adj. [from^tej that which confids of aloes. ALGE'TICAL, Adj. [from akei] medi- cines compofed of aloes. ALO'FT, Adv. [lofier, Dan.] in the air, in Cfpofition to the ground ; on high ; above. " Love ha? wings, and foars akft,^^ AL'ON.E, Adv, [from al-ecr, oxalUen, Belg. alleln, Teut. or all and ain, Goth,] without a companion, " It is not good for man to be alove.'" Gen. ii. 18, V/ithout any afTif^ance. Ejcclufively of all others ; folely. AL'ONG, Adv. [au Icngiis, Tr. al lungt, Ital.J at fi4l length ; pruftrate on the ground. Motion or p rogr er/. on, meafuied lengthwife. Ufed with .a//, for a ro!itiriu,ince, or during a whole fpace of time. Througliout, or from ons end to the other, applied to writings. After cowe, it implies attendsiice, and encou- ragement to proceed. A.LO'OF, Adv. [from all of the Sax. aeU, Goih. or all a.nd (ff,] ufed w'th the particle from, zx. a diftaiicc which is within fight. When applied to perfons, ic implies a diflance occafioncd by cution and circumfpeflion. At a djftance, fo as not to :\; pear as a principal, or party in any defign. Not connefted with 5 having no relation to. Among failors, the fame as keep your luff; a word which implies, that the perlon at the helm, is to keep the fhip near the wind, when failing on a quart,;r wind, ALOPE'CIA, S. [from aX^Tr-i?, a fox, be- caufe that animal is fnppofed to be very much ;.;bjt<rt to this diilempei j adiftemfr, whereirJ ali, or a great part of the hair fills off'. ALO'iE, S. a fi(h, refembling ihe fardine^ which grows to the fize of a filrnon, called a Fifh of Paffjge, or, of a feafon, becaufe it never appears in rivers, but in the fpring. ALO'L'D, his. [from a and bud,] with art increafcd flicngth of voice, fo as to affe£l the ear more ftrongly, or to be heard at a great dif- tance. With a great noife. " Strangled he lies, yet fcems to cry aloud.'''' Waller. ALO'W, Adv. [from a and kiu, by poe- tical liberty inftcad of helow] in a low pldce j near the ground, in oppofition tu aloft, or 2 above< ALP isVove. " And now alow and now aJoft they fly." Dryd. ' ALPA'GNA, S. an animal refsmbling fb-^ ib'mns and v.gognaB, which the Peruvians ufe as a bead of butthen, anJ make it carry lOO v.t. Ot' its wool they make itufi's, ropes, and basis; of its bone, tools for v'L"aversj and of ALP The Chinefe were formerly fiippofeJ to have no alphabet, property fpeakinf, as having only hierogiyphicj, which flood for whole words, and amounted to i^o.ooo ; but an in- genious profellbr of the French academy ha* lately demonftrated the Chinefe themfeives ta have been a colony of the Egyptians, that thejr its excrements, fires, bo:h for their chambers i derived their language from that fertile fource and kitchens A'LPHA, S. [derived from the aleph, Heb. to learn, wh-.rce it was ufed to fignify ihe leader, or fiift of a company; in whicii fenfe the Jews called the firil letter of their Alphabet, aUph ; the Syrians, olal^h; the Arabians, elifjb ; and the Greeks alpha] the firfi: letter of (he Greek al^h.ibet, which like- wife ftanding for one among their numerals, is ufed figurativelyto (ignily the firftin order of t.rne, &c. as owfja, tne lafl letter in their al- phjber, fignifiis ihe laft j in al'ufion to this, Chrilt fays, in Rev. vii. S, II. xxi. 6. and jcxii, 13. " I am A'pha and Omega.'''' In com- pofition it fignifits negJi'on, or denying the len!e which the word wuuld bear without it. Truij B-'.T^y Gr. is fnmething acreffible ; but wiien the a is prefixed to it, as inaSal©', Gr. it fignifies a dental <.-f what is fi^nified before ; and implies that the tnin^ is not acceffible, or is inaccefTible. A'LFHABET, S. [from alpha and beta, the two firft letters of the Greek, of aiepb, arid beth, the two firft of the Hebrews a table of all the letters which compofe the fyilables in any lanou.ige, and are marks to convey the fimple founds made ufe of in forming words. Moderns have found great fault with thofe that are now in ufe, charg- ing them v^ith being inaccurate, precarious, arid ccnfufed ; redundant in allotting difFereru Jetters to the fame found, and deficient in of knowledge, which watered the whole world, and that their fuppofed charadlers are not liierogiyphics, but combinations of letters, vvhich he has refolved into their primitive element'^, and fhewn tc* be the ancient letters of the Egyptians, thought very much altered by time, corrupted by ignorance; and oblite- rated for wanr of tracing them fOoner to their origin. Alphabet, in Commerce,. is an inde< ufed by merchants and traders, having the twenty-four letters, in their natural order, affi.ved to different leases, in which they feC down the fyrnames and chriftiart names of thofe with whom they open accounts, with references to the folio, in which fuch accounts are opened. To A'LFHABET, V, A. [from alphabet the fubft.J to range in the order of the aU ohahet. A'LPHABETIC, or'ALPH ABE'TICAL, Adj. [from alphabet] placed in thefameordet as in the alphabet. ALPHABETICALLY, Adv. [from al- phabet'ical and ly\ in the fame order as in the alphabet. " A di£lionary, alphabetically containing the words of the language." HoUer. A'LPH^NIX, S. [of al and phcenix^ i e. the phcenixj a name given to white oarley fugar, in order to enhance its fuppofed alue, ALPHE'TA,S. in Agronomy. SeeLAU- n'ol having letter^ enough to exprefs all the 5 DA COflONA. varieties of found, which arife from the dif- } ALPHO'NSINE, S; [from A'phonfus Fere- ferent combinations wf vo'ivels and confonants. I /r/tfj, its inventor] in Surgery, an inurumenC To obviate thefe defefts, fom3 very ingenious 1 made ufe &f to e>;tra£l bullets, confiding of perfons liave undertaken the coaflruition of new alphabets j but as they have appeared rather fpecious than uferul, they have never had the luck to recommend themfeives to pradicp, or to mike their way into the world further than in a volume by which they were communicated. The number of letters in the alphabet ditlers in mod of the languages we know ofj the Englifh have taenty-fix ; the French tvveniy-three ; the Ilebrc'.v, Syriac, ChalJjir, and Samari'an, twenty-two eich ; the Arabic twenty- ;ight ; , the Perfiari thirty-oiie ; the Turkifti thirty- three; the Georgian tliirty-fix J the Coptic thirty-two; the Mufcovi^ns forty-three ; the Greek twenty-four; the Latin twenty-two; the S^lavoni- twe.nty-feven ; the Saxon t'Venry-tour 5 the Goihic twenty-five ; the IfiandiC twenty. two; the Dutch twenty- fi:c ; the Spanifli twenty-feven ; the Italian ffwerjty j ;he /liihiofic two hundred and two. three branches, which are clofed together bv a ring that Aides Ofer them. -B'lb, Anatom. Med, t- '■ S'7- •■ • . ALFHO'NTSO, Adj. [!^rom A'phonfo] ini Aftionomy, applied to the tables of Ptolsmy's Alma,iell:, corrected by Alphonfo XII. king ofCallile. ALPHO'S, or ALPHU'S, S. [from aXfai- ?■/.', Gr. from, its changing the colour ot the ilvinj in Medicine, a diftemper, in which the n<in becomes rou^h, and variegated with white foot«. A'LPINE, Adj. [alpinu!, Lat.] that whicH may be met with on the Alps. ALPl'STLE, or ALPIA, S. a kind of feed of an oval figure? of a pale yellow, in- clining to a fable colour; bright and gloiTy ) made ufe of to feed birds wiihj when intc.id- ed for breeding. ALPS, 3. {Alpcs, Lit. it has c.-> fmgu- lar] a long chain of mountains, beeiniiing t at ALT at the mouth of the Varo in Piedmont, «ni^ terminating at the Gulph of Carnaro, which is part of the Gulph of Venice. Thele mountains divide Italy from France, Switzer- land, and Germany 5 have but few pafTcs, of very difficult accels, if not imprafticable, and are on that account a great fecurity to Piedmont from France. Hannibal the fa- mous Carthaginian, loft moft of his elephants in attempting the paffage ; and is leported to have made his way through fome part of them, by making a road with boiling vinegar. A'LQUIR, S. called alfoCANTAn, a li- quid meafure, ufed in Portugal for oil, con- taining fix canadars or cavadas, Lilcewife- a dry meafure for grain at Lifbon, two and an half of which is an Engliih bufiiel. ALRE'ADV, Adj. pronounced as if the a was dropped, [alree^, Belg. from al! of the Saxon ac//and all, Goth, and ready] the time prefent j even now. " Methinks already I your tears furvey." Pope. Before the prefent time; 3n a time part. *' V/hich hath already been anfvvered." Hooker. A'LSH AM, A'Y LSH AM,or A'LESH AM, S. [ai alyfjan, Sax. to redeem, and ham, Sax. a fuffrage] a market town in Norfolk on the river Yare, noted for knitters. The manor of Sextons is held from hence by the will of the lord. Its fairs for lean cattle, ordinary horfes, &c. are on March 23, and the laft Tuefday in September. It lies 117 miles from London. A'LSO, Conjun£t. [aljii-a. Sax. al'-fco, Belg. j it is ufed to fhew, that what had been affirmed of one fentenceor perfon, holds good of the fucceedir.g part of the period, and of another perfon, " Surely thon alfo was one of them." Matt. xxvi. 33. In the fame manner; likewife. When at the end of a fentence or ?• period, it implies befides. " Suc- courer of many and of myfclf a^f'i." Rom, xvi. 7. A'LTAR, S. [ahare, Lat, as Junius ob- ferves, adopted into all languages, on the eftabllfhment of Chriftianity, and varied according to the difi't-rent dialefls cf the country] a kind of t.'ble, or raifed place ; ■whereon the ancient f.crifices v. ere ofTcred. " There Abraham built an a/.'d/- to the Lord." Since the eftablifhment of Chiiltl<.nity, that place of the Aurch, where the coinmuniyn is received, or the table on which the vafes and the elements of bread and wine are placed; figuratively, Chrift himfelf, to whom •we bring all cur offerings and fervices. Among the ancient Remans the altar wai a kind of pedeftal, either fquare, round, or triangular, adorned with fculptures and infciiption*. In Aftronomy, a conftellation cf the fouthern hemifplisre, confifting of fcven ftars. A'LTAR-CLOTH, S. [from fi!tar and t^otb] the cloth v.hich immediately covers tiic communion Ubie. ALT To A'LTER, V. A. [allerer, Fr. from aiter, L^t, another] to change ; to make a hing different from what it is j ufed both ot a part and the whole of a thing, and ap- plied both in a good and bad fenfe. " He (hall not a/ter it a good for a bad." Lev. xxvii. 10. To vary, or differ in fenfe ; to cor- rupt the fenfe of an author or period, by crazing fome of his words, or adding and changing them for others. Ufed neuterly, to change; to become different from what it has been s "The wcilhti alters," " His countenance altered.'''' A'LTERABLE, Adj. [from alter and ahl. Sax. implying poflibility, or power, alterable, Fr.] that which may be changed, or be itiadc to appear different from what it is. AL'TERABLENESS, S. [from alterable, and nefs, Goth.] the quality of being changed ; or liable to have its prefent proper- ties and appearancec hanged by external or in- ternal caufes. AL'TERABLY, Adv. [from alterable, and ly of lie, Sax,] in a manner that will admit of changes. A'LTER ANT, Adj. or Part, [alterant, Fr.] that which has the power of producing changes in a body, ALTERA'TION, S. [alteyathr., Fr.] the aft of changing the form, or purport of a writing; the fhape and other qualities of a body; the properties and faculties of the mind, and making them different from what they vfere. The change itfelf, or the ftate of a thing changed. AL'TERATIVE, Adj [from ^/r«r] that which has the power of making changes. In Medicine, fuch remedies as produce a change in the humours of the body, without any ap- parent operation. I To A'LTERCATE, V. N. {altercor, Lat.] to wrangle, or contend with another ; to clifpute. ALTERCA'TION, S. [altercatlo, Lat. altercation, Fr.] a debate or difpute, on any fiibjeft, between friends, incluoing a warm efpoufal or defence of the contraiy fide of a queftion, but liot fo great as what is involved in the idea of a quarrel. " Little elfe than a perpetual wrangling and altercat'ion.'"'' Haks- luell en Pi crc. . ALTE'RN. Adj. {altemus, Lat.] in Trigo- nometry, the bafe, fo called, is either the fum., or oifFcrence of the fidt-a of an oblique triaogle; if the true bafe is the fiim, the alcern bafe ii. the difference; but if the true bafe be the diiT.-rance, the altern bafe is the fum of th-i fiJes,. ALTE'RN, S. \_al3rnui, Lat.] that which fucceeds anotliec by turns; fuscefiive, or al- icrnatelv; that which loHows by fucceffion. ALTE'RNACY, S. [from a:terr.cte\ the fuctciiion or following of o:-e afiion alter ano- ihc! in its turn, ALTE'RN.'^TE, Adj. laltor.xn, Lat.J things ALT things which fucceed or follow one another bv turns ; fucceflive. i" Bid aberrate pafliojis fd|} and rife." Pope. In llotany, applied to the pofition of the leaves of a plant, it implies that the leaves on e^ch (ide of the flalk, or branch, do not ftand diredlly onpofire, but be- tween, OT a little higher, than each other. In Geometry, applied to angles, it figiiifies the internal ones, and is mude by a line cut- ting two parallels, and lying on oppofice fidts of it. Alternate, in Heraldry, is applied to the (ituation of the qu-irters of a coat ; thus, in quarterly, ecarteW, the firft and fourth are alternate, and of the fame nature. ALTE'RNATE, S. laltenu^, Lat.J that which follows another in fucceiTion, or by turns; viciliitude, ALTE'RNATELY, Adv. {homahermte, and ly of lie, Sax.j in fuch a manner that the thing which precedes ftiall follow that which comes after it. Thu', when we fay, that darknefs follows light, and light darknefs, they are faid to follow esch other alternately. ALTE'RNATENESS, S. ffrom alternate, and nefs, of nes, tiejje, nyj/e, Sax. or A'S, Goth.j the quality whereby things mutually precede and lucceed each oiher 5 or fometimes go be- fore, and lometimes follow each o'her. ALTERNATION, S. ffrom alt^r.^atel a fucceflion, wherein that which preceded re- turns again, after fame period or vicifRtude. *' The defeft of aitemation would utterly im- pugn the generation of all things." Browni Vul.Err. In Arithmetic, the different changes, alterations of place, or combinatioris, that any propofcd numbers are capable of; which is found by a continual multiplication of ail the numbers beginning at unity, and ending with the laft number of the things to be varied. ALTE'RNATIVE, S. [from alternate, of ohernut, Lat.J a choice of two things, where- by, if one be rejected, the other muft be ac- cepted. ALTE'RNATIVELY, Adv. [from aher- nati-ve and /y] in fuch a manner, that the thing or perfon which goes before, fliall re- turn again in fuccefiion, or io as to follow that which it preceded } by turns j mututilly ; reciprocally. ALTE/RNITY, S, [from ahem] a ftate wherein there is a continual/ucceflion,chan£e, or viciffitude. ALTH^'A, S, [fronfi cXflaia, Cr. of aX- fiaivai, to healj in Botany, the marlh-m.illow. ALTHO'UGH, Adv. [pronounced as it written alt ho" from all and though, of theah. Sax. doch, Belg. and Tcut.] ufed to imply that a thing or conciufion may be allowed and maintained, notwithftandii,g fomelhing (cem- ingly inconfiftent had been allowed, admitted, or granted : Notwithftanding. ALTIME'TRY, S. [aX-rifAir^M, Or. from ahus, Lat. high, and /xn iai, Gr. to meafuicj the art of taking, ormeafuring heightSj whe- ther accefiibic or injcccifibls. ALTITUDE, S. [ahltudo, Lat.] helrbf, or ihe dift.mce of any thing from the ground meai'ured upwards. " Ten malls attached, make not the ahituJe." Hhakefp. Lear. Su- peiiority of dignity ; or height of preferment. Applied to virtue, the highert: pitch of per- Icdlion. " Even to the altitude of his virtue." •^lakcjp. Cor'iol. In Geometry, the height of a body above the ground, or the horizon. Al- thucie uf the eye, in Pcrfpeftive, a right line, let f^ll perpendictiLr to thegeometrical plane. Altuude of a figure, is the length of a per- . pendkular line let fill from the vertex to the bafe, i. e, from the top to the bottom. A-t't^ tilde of things on the furface of the earth is divided into acceJfthU and inaccejjlhle. AcceJJlbU _ s that whofe bafe )ou can approach, fo as to meaiure your diftance between your ftation and the ofejea on the ground. Inr.acccJfiLh al'.itudi is that whofe foot or bottom cannot be ap-, proached, on account of fomething interven- ing. Altitude, in Aftronomy, or the height ot atiy object above the horizon, is divided into real or apparent. Aiparent altitude is tha arch of a vertical cir;le, intercepted betweea the fenfible horizon and the center of the ob- je£t. Real o\ true althude, is the arch of a vertical circle, intercepted between the center ot anobjeft and the rational horizon. . Mtri- dian altitude of the fun, &c. is an arch of the meridian, iniercepted between the horizon and the center of an objeft. Altitude cf tht pale, is the height of the pole above the ho- rizon, or an arch oi the meridian, intercepted between the pole and the horizon. Altitude of the equinoSiial, is its elevation above the horizon, and is always equal to the comple- ment of the altitude of the pole. Altitude of the nonagefimal degne, is its hr^ight, counted from the place where it rifes. Parallax of altitude, is an arch of a vertical circle, inter- cepted between the true and obferved place of a ftar, or other objea. Altitude of motion, according to Dr. Wailis, is the meafure of any motion, computed accoi ding to the line of direflion of the moving force. A'LTO-RELIEVO, S. See RELIEVO. ALTOGE'THER., Adv. [aHis, Giuh. mid ealle, cetgcederc, all and togagedere. Sax. alkga- der, B'.lg, of aell, and gader, Belg. to join] entirely, without any excsption, applied to number and quality. " Man, at his beft ef- tate is altogether vanity." Plalm xxxix. 5. in alliefpettsj perfc^ijy. In company; with- out fcpa'-aing; in a body. A'LUDEL, S. [tiom a privative, and lu' turn, luting, i. e. without luting j in Cho- miftry, a range of earthen pots without bot- toms, fitted into t-ach lothflr without luting. ALVJ: A/RIUM, S. [Lat. from al'vcus^ a channel, and auri%, the ear] in .'VnatoiEy, that cavity of the outer ear ia which the wax is lodged. ALVE'OLI, S, [Lat. a diminutive of a> vius, Lilt, a cavity or channvij ia Anatomy, A U A the foctetsin the jaw-bone which eontain the taeth, and a'e lined with a nervot.s mtm- brane, v^rappint; itfelf about the ends of the lAeth, of exqiiifi'tt fenfs, and the feat of pain in the tooth- Ache. A'LUM, S. [a?umfn, Lat.] a kind of nni reral fjlt, of an acid tjfte. See ALLUM. ALU'jMINOUS, Adj. [from ^/.vmM, Lat.] that which refembles alium in its properties^ or conftfts of aihi^Ti. ALU'M-.'iTONE, S. [from ^r/^w 3ndy?5fff] a flone or calx, of a cormfu'e natnrt;, iifed to confiime the fungous excrefcences, or proud fyefh of wounds. ALWAYS, Ad». [ahvo'ga, Sax. akvrg, Celg.] applied to action, without ceafing or intermiffion j cotitinually. A. M. an abbieviation, before the date of the year, for anno ir.i/iyii, or the year ot the \*orirl J and, alter the name of a pcrfon, for (trt'ium ma^jjhr, or niafter of arts. AM, V. Sub. [of en, eatr, and am, Sax. the firft perfon of /•«:«, Sjx. to be, or exiftj ■wlieti ufed fingly, it implies exigence : fol- lowing ivhat, it implies nature : " Knowing tvhat I cm.'" Prior. Applie;! to plr.ce, it fg- iiifie"; prefence: "Where /aw, there fhall my fervants be," J-bti x\\. zj- Applied 'o truths, it implies affirmation: " Jelus laid, } am the bread of Jife." John vi. 35. When repeated, it 'implies felt ai'd indcpendant ex- jficnce, or a being which is the uncreated iouTce of the exift-nre of ali other beings. AMADO^W, S. [Tei'.t.j a kind of black inatcli, tinder, or touchwood, which comes from Germany, m.'de of a fpongy excrei- cence growing on old trees, fuch as oak and AMA'IN, Adv. [from a and wjrf'ff'^n. Sax. with 3I! one's ftrength] with all one's torce, or ftrengrh, applied to a£\ion: " We fied a- r^ain." M'Jron. Applied to the voice, ex- tremely loud, or as loud as pofilble. AMA'LGAM, or AMA'LGAMA, S. from a[ji.a, Gr. and ysjCtEfV, Gr, to marry] in chemiftry, a fubftance produced by incorpo- rating quickfilver wit'n a metal j which is ex prefTed by thechefnifts thus A. A. A. To AMA'LGAMATE, V. [See AMA'L- GAMj to incorporate metah with quick- filver. AiMA'LGAMATlOy, S. [from amal- gamate] the mixing or incorporating quick /dver with othtfr metals. AMANUE'NSIS, S. [Lat. from a, rr.ar.us, J,at. a hand, and erfa, Lat. a fword, or in- ftrument] a perfon who writes down wh-it is di£>atcd by another j likewife a perlon who copies wiifing«, or writes extrjfts from books, AMARA'NTH, S. [avaravtbus, fiom « Gr. ncgaiivr, and /^-'fx;>a', Gr, to wither, be- cauie the flowers when cropped donot wither, but retain their colour for fome time after] in potany, amaranth, or fiowe'-centle. It has Wale ami ;'ejBtle ficvjtj in ike f^me pljwt. A LI A There are four'??n fpecies. In Poetry, it Is u'ed for an imaginary flower, which never (iic^. " Immortal amaranth." Par, Loji. in Dying, a colcur which inclines io purple, a fpecies of red, fu called, becaufc it refemhleJ hat ot the flower iufr mentioned. AMARA'NTHINE, Adj, [Worn amaranth, ani err, S<x.J compo eJ of amaranth. To AMA'SS, V. A. {amaf(r, Fr.] to ga- ther together, fo as to fo'm a mafs or heap, " To anujfs riches." /htub. Figuratively, to •lay up; or (lore in the memory, wi'h great alrduity, and litle difcretion. To colle£l to- gether m great quantities. AMA'SSMENT, S. [from aws/j] a ccl- leflion of thines heaped together, AMA'TORY, S, \amator\us, Lat. frooi aim, to lovcj in Anatomy, a tcm applied rr; the obliqui loperinr and inferior, from their drawing the eye hde-wsys, and alTifting in that particular look termed ogling. AMOURO'SIS, S. [ay.2t;;.v5-;c, Gr. from af/.avpi)j Gr. to darken] in Medicine, a dim- nefs of f'ghr, wherein the eye, to external ap- pearance, feems to be unaff-dled. To AMA'ZE, V, A. [from mifen, Belg. to wander, or mafe, Sax. a whirlpool] to flrike with allonifhment. To beconfnfed, or thrown into perplexity, by fome fudden change of addrcfs. AMA'ZE, S. [S-e AMAZE, the verb] af^onifhment, or perplexity, caufed by an un- expected objeft, whether good or bad ; in the tormer cafe it is mixed with admiration, in the latter with fear. AMA'ZEDLY, Adv. [from amazed and /y] in a manner exprefTive of furprize or afto- nifhment on the appearance of fomething un- expedled. AMA'ZEDNESS, S. \fTom amaxed and nefs] the Hats of a perfon'smind when afFeft- ed with furprize, aftonifhment, confufion, or perptrxitv. AMA'ZEMENT, S. [from amaze] con- fufion ; perplexity ; adiniration ; furprize. AM ADZING, Part, [from an-azc] that which caufes furprize, aftonifiiment, oradmi- rjtion. AMA'ZINGLY, Adv. [from amazing and /y] in a manner capable of exciting dfto- nifhment, wonder, or admiiation j prodi- gioully; furprizingly. A'M.ASON, S. [from a, Gr. negstivr^ and fACL^o-, a breafi:]' one of tbofe women, who compoicd lire nation fo called, who are fiippofed to have dw^-Jt near the river Ther- modoon, on the BUck Sea. They are re- ported to have compofed a nation of them- frlves, exclufive of male?, and to have de- rived their name from cutting oti one of their brcalls, that it mi^ht not hinder the citercife of their arm?, and Ikswife that it might add, according to HiDpocnte', ftrength to that fide v.'hich fofTired the arnputation. Flowevar, it I niull l>c faid, thi-; the reality of fuwh a .•iati<yt\ krs A J.I B ll-asbeen v"r3' warmly difputed both by ancients and moderns. This term is I'i.ewire given to a celebrated river, called likewile the Marag- Bon, in America. It received its firft name, i. e. the river of the Amazons, tVom the ufual ciiftom of the women aitcndiny iheir iiuiliands to wur, either to animate them by tlielr words, or affift them by their prefcnce ; a^; was cnm- mon in the early ages, n-^t 0):ly amoiiR the Gauls, but hkewite among ourfelves in England. AMBVGES, S. [Lat. from a;u-;<.', Gr. A LI B the rpirlts, and accelerate their motions. A'iVBER SEED, S. called likewile mufk, Ofed, is i)roduced from a plant, both in th« Antilles and in E^ypt. In a good foil it fMov.? fix or feven feet high, if it be near fome t-ee to fupport it. The feed rcfembles millet, is cordial, and gives the breath an ayreeabie fcent after eating. A'M[JER-TREE, S. [from ^«*^rand fw] by Bijl«n\i\s, ftiled fruto: yjfriccimts ambiam ri>lravs, rr tlie Afiic^in fhrub, exhaling an odour icfi:mbli/i^ amber. Its chief beauty 'm about, and a70, Lat. to lead] a round about its Ini ill over-;ireen leaves, which, when rua- way of exprcffion j a method of relating any bed between the hands, emit a fragrance i«- fuhjecl, wherein the nair itive is not conduft- 1 fembi ng arr.her. ' ed directly to the point. Circumlocutions. AM iSlDE'XTEIv, S. [Lat. from amhsf AMBASSA'DE, S. [ambt'Jfade, Fr.j the both, snd dexter, Lat. the right handj a per- cffice of a pcrfon who is commifTioned to| f<>n who can ufe both hands equally. " J'o negotiate the affairs of a f.ate in foreijin par^s. I give a realon of amhldixters and left-handed AMBA'SSADOR, S, [an:b,:Jhdeur, Fr. im-n." Br'.ivnWwg Err. One who would dwj^iirrti^r, Span.] a perfon fciit by a prince occafiorjally engage in parties diametrically or ftate into that of a foreign one, as (heir | oppofite. reprefcntative, to traufafl: fuch aft'iirs ao con- j AMBlDE'XTERITy, S. [from aml'tdex- cern the public. Their perfons hive always umVjj, Lat. the power of being able to uf? been efteemed i.nvii.lable : and, by the civil bo'.h hands equally. Double-dealing. law, their moveables, efpeciaily fuch as are AT-.IBIDE'XTROUS, Adj [from amhi- deemed an acceiiion to their perfon, cannot I (/i.',rffrj he who can maice ufe of either hand be feized on, either as a pledge or payment of inniiierently. Adopting the fentiments of a debt, by order of execution or judgment, or i contrary parties. by leave of the ftate wherein they refide. In a fecondary fenle, it implies any p-^rfon fent on a mefFage, even by a private perfon ; a mei- fenger. AMB A'SSADRESS, S, {arnk-,pdrke, Fr.] in its primitive fenfe, the wife, or lady of an amVialTador : in a fecondary one, a woman fent on a mel'age. AMBa'SSAGE, S. [amiqfjge, Fr.] the employ or office of a perlon acting as an arn baiTador. A'MBE, S. [Gr. a commander] in Sur- gery, the /wime of an in'irument made ufe of AMBIDE'XTROUSNESS, S. [from £;»:. l.Jextrcus and nefs, of r.es, re!Je, riy£'e, or A^V, Goih. j the quality of beinc ub!e lo ufe either hand v.'iih equal eafe, or the engaging with dif- ferent parties withour fcrunle; double-dealins;. A'MBIENT, Part, [from anMens, l\-.rt. cf imt'io, La', to lurroimdj that which covers every psrt, that whicli tncompalies or fuf- rounds. AMBI'GENAL, A.'j. [from awii, of e/.i- 'N, Gr. about, and y:\:a-j.a.i, Gr. to bej in L'thematics, a name applied by Sir Il'iac I Newton, to one of tiie triuli hyperholas of fpr reducing Jjflocdtt^d bones, ih't is, fuch as i the i'ccond order : one of the infinite k-gi; of are out III joint. A'MBEk, S. \amhrt, Fr. amhra, It.] a kind ot gum, or rofin, found iti the Balic, an llie coall of Pru/Tia. The piiyfical quali- ties of this fubft-ance have recommended it in funuijation to remove dtfluxii^n?, and in pow- i.KX as an al'erative, ahtorocnt, fwceteJier, aftrinaent, liiiiontripic, diuretic, &:c. ATvIBER, Adj. th^t which is made of amber. " Atnber bracelets, beads, and all bis knavery." Shakcfp. That which is of a y-ilow crilov.'r, and tranfpsrent, refembling ainuer \n thole refpt-iJts. *' All your clear tLHiLe'- drink is flat." Mac, A'MDERGRIS, S. [from amber zni grh, grey, amhra g^ng'ia, Ital J a fragrant diug of a luety fubftance, not ponderous, of an a(h co- lour, varegated like marble, fometinies mark- ed with white foecks, and melts like wax. It IS ufed by confectioners and perfumers, in ofder to fcent their commodities, and is re- co;nmcnded by phyficians, as picper ta tnk which falls with an angle foim'd by the aiymptotes, and the r)ther without it. AMBICU', S. [Fr. f,om ambiguus, L-t ] . an entertainment, wherein the diihfS .re (at on tabic in a promifcu.ius manner, wiihi.ut any ree.ard to ot1cr, (o as to pcrul-x theuuflls. AMBlGU'lTY, S. [fro-n d'/;;%«;«-,' Lar.] the quility of a word, or exprcfiino, received in difi'crcnt fenfcs; words whofe fignificati-.njs are dou'itful or uu<.ert<iri. AMBl'GUOUS, Adj. [arnblgiius, Lot.] npplied to exprellions, having rrvire ienfes than one, which are not ej'iiv dc'cniined. AMBlGU'OUSL'i', Adj. {iramambig;iofS, and /yj uf.ered in equ vocal lerins, ( r words huvii'^ iwii fenfef. AMIGU'DUSNESS, S. [from anbifrucvs and !/ /j] he quality which rcndeis tne hjjiil- ficali.in of a word un. ertain. A'MBIT, S. [an:i''itus, Lat.] the circurn- ference, circuit, ov meafurc of the outfide of any ihin^. 1- 3 AMBI'TIONi, A M B A M E t'c.cctf.rf th; sS of wii!c nf. ' More cT;nr.vf hfli-. tenrr than tudtj than from »2R£i-^;::«." Brcvm" i Vulgsr AdeSrecf mare Err en .-p;Ki a<ie£re ot cf F ^-' — :. £e:' : r iftcr, ici indoftrioos to ob- nveiit ic hsn-ur. or a more exieiibve t^omi- liioa. P- pUii to A\!BULA'TORY,Aij. [from fl«EA«Zafi.jB, laf ia£ cf aadisJa, to wzlJc] that wbkb exer- ciics iHc facal'y or power of waikicg; or ihac whkb moves by wailclivg. A'MSURy, S. [f'om ami:, or eeih, Sai. faxfut, and £»««, a h'J!, or ^*-, an eminence ca ths earth] a blooiy wart on a borfe's becy. AMBU'SCA'DE, S. [e«-i/lfl<a:, Fr. em- "^':ais, Sp-a. imktjcata, Itil. from ^ii, Fr. fc^cTs, Irai. and enjjue, Spa. a woodj a plsce wbercaa rocn are bit: in order co farphfe an eoemy. " Roiis'a li.e Grecians from their i:-;r g^e5ter iiini-j, pcwer, ricissSjOO- 1 *«ii«/£Ai."' D'yd. Applied witb great ele- "■ ::arious fcozi, which teem with :%. "Irini;3>eraD;e«iidemper» lie --i among the diies." Sfi8. Ne, JSLy, AiT. [froai etrJ^rt-'cas, ! ciaaner ».h.ch ietrs a dciire tr I H.;.': ■'•n, or ^teicrsr.t:.^. AM3:''r;0'JSN"£;S,' S. [nom axiirina: znc T^'i] -.h^ q.iil;;y cf being cefiroos of i great r Cijrteof hcaciir, r ches, orpowsr. A'MSLE, V. N. [<ow:ap-, Fr. ^ntiUge, Iia!- fr'ai ae^ulo, Lat. to wallcj to ixu»c up- on £n sm'slej to move with a gea'leiz-tion ; tc — -T- w-th a." astSei rronnata'a! asoticrn- .-. MLLE, S. {f.:^ A'MELE, Vex.j in I-: - - --■--. 2 ptc- wfitreixi the two fettof a i ilx.e £i« EOTC atihe ttiDi Aj-ioLcA, S, rfrcrarjr.;] 2 horfe that hiS Le:rj titbit to amble: .<.~.-~s.iSS\ci caJ=J i Ca££T. AMELIGCVNIUM, S. TLaf. ftooj o^- f- "^ '■ •'■■ - -" >--■ - - '. tii - • ^ - - ' . A'MriLI"*TGLy. A-?-. ffMr^ tf-^'-'T ajjrt Ir ^'r aj «o p«r- -ea-ble- ■ !.-i;, Cr. from .Vieckioe, a mif. AMrii.v'OPV, s. r ia J.icxi.c^nt, tr.it cirfljfi I G AMBL'SCAIK), S. [emhifca^. Span.] a prirs'e place vtoerein mca are hid to furprize an enemT. A'MBUSH, S. [fas^if.'iie, Fr. of embucher, Fr. to place in a wood, from ^u, a wood ; or huiJ'.K, a baij a place wherdn fol<tiers are hi-!, ia ordir to lurprize aa enemy. " Bold in cbii amiaJJb, bafe in open fieW." Drjd, A iaare laid by a pnTate pirfoe to af&ffinate. ** Ones cid I iav an ambujb tor your life." i,k}'efp. Fub. lii. A'MfilrSHED, Ac], [of amiujb] Uy'uig ia ■-:.'- — -n orr.er to (mfrizt. ■HMENT, S. [fr-im amlr.fo^ a -r, in o^er to furprize. A .^VixiL'STlON, S. \jvibujiic, Lat. from Axiaai fc/-;, to onrn\ in Me4 c>i>', the effe^ ■which fiie, cr - 2ve on the £eih : whco ca-:: fly, term- ed a bnrr j wher. ,.,...,., j/;, a fcila. A'.VIEL, S. ftTtfr.'/if, Fr. from Jctat'r.tz.inf jcimtltzen. Teat, t-r iKutti:, B?lj. to melt. ;om niiA'-v^siA, Or. 'crfuCeJ ihe iiquia matter which bodies are av 3r:d fc-^., Gr. theeyej fered wi'-b by tbeenamelter. See ENAMEL. ■ -crarei, to fi^niry AMEN, Adv. fHeo. rrutb, oi ayiar, Heb. mon to trie ai,ea ; to te trjej whci placed at tbe er.d of a fen- •■: '^'.rer:i. tervce, it implies either an sfSrm-t;&n, or a r -. G'. cf *, w-fh. Aoc'ic4 to ChriA. it impLts the truth, ■ mcrfalj the 'c he *iu> hiJ accomplifhed znd ve-itiea not ir . 1 oi the hea:heaIonly alj that the prcpnets naTe foretold coo- c .. ^m im r.orL.1. Fi!cern;ng him, but liltewi^e zii init be hat c. . ..ti to ar.y celiriio'i trait, by ■ himfeli prefttSed. When repeite-; at theend V :e, afld £jn f"ri:3f. that i: waif of a fenserce, it implits a very fti&ng affir- f •- cr diit It wotw cozununi- mation, atcording to the Hcb-e«, uhich ex- preilea tbe fuptriaiive detre.- i.T this mariner. ALjAdj. ["from^sijrc^f •, La'.j " Woman fhail fay ^t^s and svr.^n." AWE'NAtLE, S. [fln!«!<2«:*, Fr. from an:erer juflijuun} in l^w, rjfpor.fiele, or fab- ject 'o enquiry and examination. Likewifie ] a t.'^.rtw on dice, in wteicft t*t. aces j caciabJe or eaf.iv governed. g:: -v bid chance. ** 1 j To AME'ND, V. [</nnd«r, Fr. amenJaf l^ -:, ihaa throw o^i j La:,] to a'tcrJome-'bing fiuity for the better. ^. .. . I Applied to writinz", to correct- To reform, A.MfcU i-ATiC'S, S Cfr4m <7«rAj?ijrH, of ! applied to ma--ir.er» or behariour. " jimaid fRt-tlaam, Leiac o' am^uky Lat, u> walkj • jvn *aj» and your deists.'' JJ'»-flK. xx»i 13. T« A :, or iam€'hia% beyond the 0: rr.-^rrijs. -.*C£; S. fawfoj «) span, ^rriis A M E To grow from a more infirm ftate to a better; to recover. AME'NDABLE, Adi. [from CKenJ] the pDiribi'ity of an error's b»ing corre;led. AME'ND, S. [Ft. from amviicr, to finej a fine bv which a conipenfition is made for a fault committed. We generally fubftitute a- mendi in the plural for this word. Arr.cn.ie konourahle, is an infamous kind of punifliment in France, infli<f^ed on traitors, parricides, and other capital offenders, ronfifting in ftripping the m::!ef.'Clor to his fhirr, and leading him with a rope round his neck into court, to beg pardon of his king, court, and country 5 fomctimesdeath or the galleys are annexed to it. AME'NDF.R, S. [from <2mend and *rj the petfon who mikes the changes or alterations in a thing for the better. AME'NDMF.NT, S. [aneidtment, Fc] an alteration wliich makes it better; a cor- reft'on. A change from vice to virtue. It fignines a change from ficlcnefs t«wards health ; a recovery. AME'NDMENT, S. [^mtnd.Jth, L»t.] in Law, the corre^ion of an error committed in a procelf. AME'NDS, S. {jintndt, Fr] fomething paid to make good a damage done. Atone- ment, or fariffadlion. AME'NITY, S [o^Jrht, Fr. am«n:tas, Lat.J a fituition orprofpeft, which aftedsthe mind with plesfure or delight. To AME'RCE, V. A. \[amcrner. Norm, to fine] in Law. toinflirt a pecuniary pnniA- ment, or fine a perfoa a fum of money for an offence. AME'RCER, S. [from amcut tni er] the perfon wko fe;s the fine upon an oflfendrr ; or fettles the value of the fa:ista£lion or fine which is to be paid. AME'RCEMENT, or AME'RCIA- MENT, S. [from ^jmfr.v] in Law, the fine inipofed on an offender againft the king, or other lord, who is convirted, and therefore ilands at the metcy ot either. AME'RICA, S. [from Amiruvs Vcfp^fii, a Spaniard, fcnt, in 1497, to improve the difcoveties made by Columbus] one of the four quatters of the world, by far the largefl, the \iA fliicovered, and the rlcheft. Its extent is fo vaft, that notwithftanding the centuries which have eUpfcd fince its tirft diicovcry, its bounoaiies have nrvcr been properly de- tetmincJ j >vh.it has hiihcao heen difcovered reaches from Lat. 7S deg. N. to lat. 56 deg. S. ;. r. 134 drg. which taken in a tiraight line amounts to above ^040 miles in length ; with regard to its breadth it s veiy inti:iibr, bring iniome places ^690 miles, and in others, not above 60 or 70 utiles ovci : this vafi country was boried from all the rcrt of thr world, till 149a, when the entciprifing jc nius of a Columbus drew afide the v;i! of ic norancr, and ihewed it to the furptiltd inlia- iitan'.t oi th« (.Id wciKl Th« honour ol riii' A MI crest difcorery ha? been claimed by almoU *I1 the maritime nations in Europe; ti>e Spa- niards tell us, that Columbus received his lights from the papers of captain Aidres, their coiii-itryman, who had been raft on ihecoafl^s; and the French ag^in, that he bad tncm from Betincouit, who fir;^ di.'covered the AzMesj not to deternriine a conteft, which would ra- ther occafion laugKrer than knowle-ge, we muft add, that our claim to the difcovery of this new world is prior to that of the Spa- niards, whofe pretenfions feem to be the be4 grounded ; no one can difpute the authen- ticity of thole vouchers, wherek.y it appears that John Cabot, a Venetian, a man no ie/s enterprifing or lefs fliilled in navigation, thaa Columbus himfelf, was fent by Hen. V^ll. in 1469, a year before the di"*covfry of Co- lumbus, who firft d.fcowred Newfoundland, and failing along tht- coatt went as far a« Flo- ri.-:a. We muft not omit that the Welch ciaim a more ancient difcovery than any vet produced j allerting that prince Ma- Joc. fon c-( Owen Gwincth, was call on the lOait of Florida, as earlv as 1 170, or XI90. Though indeed fome look on this relation as fabulous, yet it has a great manv conoSoratinjj circumilanccs, that make it appear not at all improbable. For Mcrc.^iih ap Rheife, who gives us the account, was prior to Columbus, and died in the year 1477, which is fifteen yes-rs before Columbus began his cxpedirion. To ei5umerare all the produAs of ;hi$gre.:6 conrinrnt, would fwtll this volame far bevond irs prefcribcd limits. Let it fuffice to hint, that moti nations, who have any conceins in this part of the globe, aie taught by experience, that they, who pro.mote tne trade of their plantations, in due fubfervicncy to the intertft of I heir mother- country, are likely to have the greateft ihare of mercantile (hipping, can boafc the be't nurfery for icamen, enjoy an inex- hauftible fund of riches, ind wUl always bs able to msint.ajn the fovereignrv of the feas. A'MErHVST, S. [from A.ardi..-®". Gr. ofaGr. negative, and )»tSy«, Gr, to get drunk ; becaufc it was fuppoled, when put into any liquor, to prevent the drinkers rrom intoxicating thcmfclvesj ia Natural Hiftort-, a precious itoneof a violet colour, approaching tomewhat towards purple ; it is (omc'.imc* found without .iny colour, and is fcarce to be dirtifigui/hed from a diamond, except by iti weight, and degree of hardnefs. AMETHySTlNE, Adj. [from «wtri,./?J of a fine violet purple colour, rclcmbliug tiiat of an amethj'ff. AMl'ARLE, S. {"from «m,aJ^, Fr. of /inahtls, Lat.J that which is An oKjert of li*ve. ** "Twould make htr etrnthk.'''' ShMejf, OihrVo. That which is able to atrratt th« *ffj-i^ion of love or delight, ./imijahie, or <.'»;»- ,/>h'f numbers, in Aiiti.i-.i^tic, areihofe, which aic equal to the iaott Ot" ««<h other's aliquot p,ru. F + AMI. A M M AMIAB'LENESS, S. [fiom amiahlf atiH | jrir/jj the quality which renders a perlon or thing an obJLdt of delight, pleafure, or Jove. *' As foon as the natural gaiety and amuible- rejs of the young man weais oft." Guard, A'MIABLY, Adv. [from annable and ly] \n fuch a mnnrer ss to gain love. AMLVNTHUS, or AMIA'NTUS, 'or ASBESTOSES. fay.iavT*^, Gr. from a. Gr. Negative, and fxtaiiai, Gr. to pcUute] in Na- tural Hiftory, a fiifni ftcne, or mineral fub- ftance, of a wh)tii(h colour, and woolly tex- ture, confifting of fmall filaments, which refifts, and is not confumed by the moft iii- tenfe fire ; it is fouod in India, T^rtary, Siberia, Egypt, the ille of An^j^kley in Wales, Scorland, and other parts. AMICA'BLE, Adj. [of amJcahiUs, from «ir'.cut, Lat. a friend] ejidowed with all tlic qualities, kindnefs, and focial bt;nevoknce, which can knit the tie of friendniip. AMICA'BLENESS, S. [from amUnbUzrA fiefs j that quality which is excrtco in perform- ing ads ot kindnefs, and in exercising th- offices of friendfhip. ^ AMIC A'BLY, Adv. [from aw/M^.V and !y] in luch a manner as is cor.fjftent with the "warmeft atTed^ion. A'MlCEj S. [of aKiflus, Lat. cmic'?, Fr.] the firft or undermoft of the fix garments worn by priefts, and next to the .Tlbe. AMl'D, or AMI'DSr, Adv. [from a and inid. Sax, and Belg.] in the middie,with refped tofitiiationj applied to things, placed in a flrait,ht line, between or in the center. Sur- rounded by objefts. " jdiKtd my flock i^ith \voe my voice I tear." Sidney. Within the comnafs; or aniongfl-. A'MISS, Adv. [from a and mis, Sax. Ifl. and Cimb, or mi/Ja, Goth, which implies er- ror,defe£t, corruption, ordilTimilitudej wrong, or contrary to any law, divine, or moral. Im- proper, blameable, ^or inconfiftent with the (Jiftates of reafon. Contrary lo a perfon's ^janing. A'MITY, S. [jK:it!/, Fr. from amiaiia, Lat. J a itate wherein thcie is the grcitcti con- *ord harmony, or a mutu.il intercourfe be- t ween two or more perfons. A pplied to nations, p«9ce, wherein dates are employed in pro- aaoting the good cf each other, oppofed to war, A'MMI, S. [Ay.fAi, Gr.J in Eotany, bi- ftop's-weed, an umbelliferous plant. The flowers have each five petals, ftaped like a hc^rtj and five flender ftamini crowned with louiidifti fummits. A'MMON, [Gr. from Ay/A^, Gr. fand, •r omMtt, Egypt, a ramj one of the titles oi Juriier, an ong the Scythinns ; by mylhul'.)- |ifls imagined to be the hieroglyphic of the $un, and that the horns which he i'' repre- lenfed with, are its beams : what corroborates ilieir conjfcfture i<), that Jupiter Ammon ^.as ufua'ly reprefented in thengure of a ram; nut ^ut it muft be conitffed, ihat on feme mc- A ISI O dais he is f!'gured in a human fliipe, with tvr# rjnis horns growing out of his head, near his cars. AMMO'NIAC, S {ammcr.iocum, Lat. f^ called from its growing near the temple of Juoiter Ammon, in LybiaJ a medicinal gura which difiils in white drops ftoir. a feruUce- oiis plant, on the fandy plains of Lybia. AMMO'NIAC, [SAL]S a volatile fait, of whith th-^re are two forts, the natural and ar- tificial. The natural vv.is tound near the fame place as the plant, and derives iis name from the lame fojrce. Ths artificial fal ammoniac is brought from Egypt, and is made from the foot ot tufts, ordu.-igof animals fed with firaw, lublimed in pjafs botil;s ibaped like bombs. AMMONl'ACAL, Adj. \Uoxn a,hmo,uac\ that which has the projcrties of ammoniac^ as above defcribed. " Dili illation deftroys the ammoniacal quality of animal lalts." AMMUT^I'TION, S. [from m:.m:io, Lat. of tnumo, Lat, J fuch arms, inftruments, an4 (lores, as are neceffary to carry on a war j militsry flores. AMAlUhfl'TICN-EREAD, S. [from am- r/:;.ni:;or. and iicad\ bread provided for an aimy or gjrrifon. A'MNLSTV, S. [A/uKg-ia, Gr. not to re- memberj an ail wherein a prince promifes psrdon to criminals for cficnces pafi; j an a£l of oblivion. A'MNION. or A'WNIOS, S. [from a/^vcg, Gr. a lainb, the whole being put for a part, i.e. the fkin, by a figure of rhetoric, called lynecdochej in Anatomy, a v.hite tranfpa- rent, thin, fott membra.".c, cf an uneven fur- f 'Ce on the outfide, but fm.ooth on the in!:dc, immetiiatelv covering the 'a'tus. AMO'NG, or AMO'NGST, Prep. [on. rriatig, geiiiang, Sa,^. from gitvangan, Sax. or )r,ci!^en, Teut. to mix or minglcj prcfent, or icfiding with. " Thoii, Lord, ait awjsw^ them." A'm«^. xiv. 14. Misgled witi;. A'MORIST, S. [from amor. Lat. love] one who is captivated with the charms of a leinale; one who is in love; a lover. A'MOROUS, Adj. \amoureux, Fr. amoroft), Jtal.J fond. Smitten with love at the fighi of an amiable object. " The ainious mafler own'c her po'cnt eysf." I'ricr. Figuratively, that which isthecaufeot love; or that Vk'hich is ufed by lovers. A'MOROUSLY, Adv. [from ^v/o-e.vj and /y] with great appearance of aftettion or love J in a fond or loving manner. AMO'RT, Adv. [amor'.ir, Fr, or a la mort, Fr. at death's doorj iminerfed fo deeply in the thought of fome prcfeiit calamity, as to appear quite ftu;iified, fpiritlefs. " How fjres ir^ Klale r What! ('tiK.tUne., amort !." Sbakcfp. AMORTJZA'TION, AJVIO'RTISE- MENT, S. [aiKortsJatient, aiioitifj'abk, from amcrtir, Fr. to extinguiflij in Law. a tranf- ferring of lands to a corporatiun, &c. to remait) in, A M P in fbeir poffeflion tor ever; called an aHena lion of lands or tenements in mort-main. To AlviO'R TIZE, V, A. {amcn.r, Fr.j to alien or transfer iinds to any corporation, guild, or frater lity for ever. To A'MOVE, V. A. {amofeo. La:.] in Law, to remove a perfon from his poli, o: ildtion. To AMOU'NT, V. N. [jr,y.r,(er, Fr.] ap plied to arirhmetical procefs, to make up, to fo r,e to, when all the feparate parts, <>r figures are added togerher. To compofe, when unit- ed. " How much this will amount to.*' Burn. Theory, To ar.fe, or flow from, as a c-onftquence. AMOU'MT, S. [from amount, the verb] in Arithmetic, the fum produced by the addinon of feveral numbers or quantities ; the produdl of fever; 1 quantities iudcd togetjier. The confequence, refult ; or value. AMO'UR, S. fficm amciir,TT.'] a iove intrigue : including the fecondary ideaof fome- thing vicious, AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, S. ffrom a,Mti, pr. lioth, and ac^sxa-:;, Gr. j ining, or ar- ticulj'iion] in Aur-Womy, a dubiour, or neu- tral articulation, or joining, diitinginfted from the diarihrofiS from its having no conlpicuoiis rnotio.T ; and from tiie fynarthrohs from its not beir-.g without kniibl- motion. AMVHl'BIOUS, Adj. [Gr. from aa^i, Gr, both, double, or on both fides, and, /S;^, Gr. lie, as living both kinds of life] that which can live both upon the earth, and in the water, as if either element was natural to jt. " j4>y'l>h'b'cus animals partake fomewhat of the nature of tilhes." Arhuth. The beaver, frog, otter, torioife, fea-calf, crocodile, ^c. ^re of' this fp-cies, AMPHIBLESTROI'DES.S. [Gr. from f/yt^fiS^Dri'v, Gr, a net, and ido^, Gr. a form, or ihapej in Anatomy, a coat of the eve. AMPHIBO'LOGy, S. [from a/x-jxeoX©-, Gr. and \'j-/'^, fpeech or a woidj in Rheto- ric, an abule ot langu.igc, wherein words are fo placed in a fent'^'iice, that they will admit of a diiYerenC fenfe, accordmg to the difierent manner of combining them, as in the follaw- in}j fentence. Noll re^em occidcre t'lmeie bonum eji. V/hich may either be rendered, " Dn riot fear to kill the kin;; ; ir is a good a£lion , or do not kill the king j for it is good to fear, or decline it." AMPHI'DRACHYS. S. [Gr, from a^<f:i, Gr. on botii fn'.es, and B^-^^v;, Gr. /liortj the nai:ie of a toot in Latin atid Greek poetry, Vonfifting of three fy'lables, the firil- and laft of which are (ho: t, and the middle lonjr, as in amo't, the n and e are fhort, and wo the middle TyllabJe, is long, AMFHl'.\lACER, S, [Lat, from a^^.,, on each fide, ,uiix;.?, Gr. lofifij a foot inGrer.k Latin poeiiy, tcnt;rting of three fylLiblcs, AMP AMPIIISC/E/NA, S, [Gr, nfx<pi:,<:azyn\ a ferpent, fuppoied lo have tvvo heads. " Scorpion and afp, and awphllbama dire.'* Par. Loii. AMPHI'SMILA, S, [Or. from «f>.<{.i, on both fides, and <r,aj?,n, Gr, a knifejadif- fefling knife, fo called from its having an edge on both fides, AMPH1THE'ATRE,S [a^-^.asarjM, Or. of ^/<ti, Gr. about, and Cia-.fxai, Gr. to fee} an a.-iCient building of an oval form, with fea's rifing above each other in theinfide, for ipectators to fee the combats of gUdiaiors, wild brafis, Sfc. A'JViPLE, .4dj. {arrpiui, Lat.] applied to extent, wide, or fpacious, " On nature** ampU lap." Thomf. Applied to bulk, large, great or big. " And now and then an amplt tear irill'd down. Shakefp. Lear. Applied to permilfion, or liberties granted, full ; without reftraint. " Land where, and when you pleafc, with avipk leave." Dryd. Applied to gifts, large, liberal. "Theearl made jm/;.'epromife." Clayfnd. Applied to writings, full, niiiiute, containing all the circuniftances. To A'MPLL^TE, V. \a,r.pno, Lst.] t» enlarc-e, extend, to make addilions to. A'MPLIATION, S. [from a w/,/;^//^, Lat. ampbat'iort, Fr.j applied to rumors, increating their lenfe by aiditionjl circumflances ; an exaggeration, or enjjigement. Enlargement, or riweUine ]..ng upon a funjeft. To AMPLIFICA'TE, V, A. [ani^!ifc}, Lat. J to enlarge, toowvll long upon a fubjccl. i^MPLIFlCA'TION, S. [ampUf cation, t'r. amp'ificatii, Lat.] enlargemenr, or incrcafe of dimenfions applied to a body ; but gen-.rally fpeaking, it is ufed fwr a figure of rhetoric, v.hicli confifts in a heightening of a defcrip- tion, commendation, definition, or the blame ot a th;ng by fuch an enumsration of particu- lars, as mod forcibly affedt the pafiii-ns. Hy- perbolical expreffion. " Is the poet juftifi- aole tor relating fuch incredible a^Wiyjt-a/i'jw.'.'* F'P.', 0,/v//; AMPLll-I'ER, S. [from amp':ify and fr] one who enlarge:. ToA'iMPLIFY, V, A. [amplifier, Fr. fiom amph.is, Lat. large or ample, and Jio, Lat. to be made] to imreife the dimo.Tfio;is, <)r number of partr, applied to inatter or body. Toincre'fe or heighten .-spplied to quality. " Amplify the found." Bac. A'.ir Uijl, To exicnd, or enlarge, applied to power or domi- nion, " r\ dcfirc- of orr.p'ifying their power.** To render connpleat, orincre.lc by addition'!, applied to writings. " My health is infuiltiient to inc.eafe and amj'lify thefe remarks." ly'^ttsl To cxp.itiale, to treat fully, to enlarge upon. To rcprefent in a pompous, heiglit! nel, and hyperbolical manner. " Homer amptif.es, not invents." Pepe. A'lVlPLlTUDE, S. [amplitude,YT. ampFt- the firrt and lall ot wnicJi are long, and the | .■:.;/'j, Lat. J conp.ifsor extent. GreirneJi, ot middle Ihujt. jiargcncfs. " To enlirge their minds to the arttphtude ANA mi^flUtiJ; of the world." Eicon. Caparity, indued with powers fufficienr. Amplitude, ill Aftronomy, is an arch of the horizon, iii- lercepted between the eaft and weft part there- of, and the center of the fun, ftar, or planet at i's rifingor fetiing; at the riling it is called ortive, and at the fctting occafive. To A'MPUTATE, V. A. ymputo, Lat.] in S'jrperyj to cut ofi" a limb. AMPUTATION, S. [amputath, Lat] in Surgery, the cutting oflF a limb, or other part of the bodv. AMSTERDA'M, S. [Amlldodamum, Lat. from Amfiely the name of a river, and dam, Belg. a dyke] the capital of the United Pro- vinces, fituated ill North Holland, one of the moft beautiful and richeft cities in Europe for its fize. It is fituated in lat. 52 deg. 20 min. N. long. 4 deg. 30 min. E. To AMU'SE, V. A. {am-Jer, Fr. muyfen, Belg.] to employ a perfon's tlioughts on fome Object, that may engage them from wandering to any other, including the idea of iomething trifling. " He amukd his followers with idle ^lomifes." To entertain with fomething a- gieeable, which has not force enough to di- vert ; and wants importance to pleafe. " I cannot think it natural for a man, v/ho is much in love, to amii^e himfelf with wifhes." Walfn. AMU'SEMENT, S. [from amu^c^ an em- ployment, in order to avoid the tedioufnefs of inaftion. " His arr.ufement was to give poi- fon to dogs and cats." Pope. Any thing which engages the mind, or is the objedt of the fenies ; an entertainment. AMU'SER, S. [from amufe and er'\ one who deludes J or engages the attention of an- other, bv fpecious or falfe promifes. AMU'SIVE, Adj. [from afnuje] that which engages the attention to fomething trifling, fpecious, anddelufive. A'MY, S. [ami, Fr. from a».vV«s, ' Lat. 'a friend] in Law, fliled \\\i.tw'i\e. ptcchein arry, the neateft friend, the nearell relation to an iiitant or orphan, and on that account to be eiitrufted for him. AN, Article, [ar.e. Sax. a'tn, Goth, ear., Belg. a'ut, Teut, v,, Gr. j an indefinite arti- cle put before nouns of the lingular number, which begin with a vowel, or an h, when not founded or alpirated, as an eye, an hour ; but if afpirated, the iithen is k'oked on as havinj; the power of another confonant, and a is ulcd, as a hand, (2 hare. Applied tonumler, ic fig rifles one, in a loofe and undetermined fenle. " Theie will be many <2;! hour." Locke. Ap- plied lo a fingle thing, as rcprefentir;g the fpc- cic?, it fignifies any, or fome. " /In elephant mii!ht fvvim in this water." A'NA, Adv. [flva. Or.] a word ufed in ph)fical prefcriptions, to figr.ify that the in- gre'ieiiis which immediately precede, are to be in ei;Uil Quantities. ANABA'P TISTS, S. [from ava, Gr. a- i> ANA gain, and S^ifiic, Gr. to baptize, from tJieit- baptising thofe a fecond time, who had re- ceived that facrament in their infancy] a re- ligious fedl, whole dirtinjiuilhed tenet is, that perfons are not to be baptized before they come to years of difcreiion, and are able t» give an account of the principles of their proieflion. The firft founders of this feft were originally difciples of Martin Luther, whofe names were Nicholas Storcb, Mark Stubner, and Thomas Munzer ; they firft broached their principles in 1521. ANACA'SIS, S. fava^as-i?, Gr. from a. vcc/Saiva, Gr. to afcendj in Phyfic, the aug- mentation, or ftate of a difeafe, fever, or fit, in its grov.'th. ANABIBA'CON, S. [Arab.] in Aftro- nomy, the node of the moon, where fhe pafles the ecliptic from N. to S. called the Dragon^s Tad. ANACA'MPTIC, Adj. [from avxya-xn- T»-, Cr, to fend back] that which is returned ; beat back again; reflected. In the plural, Anacamptics, is a term applied to that part of philolophy which treats of the refleftion of the rays of light, called likewife Catoptrics. ANACATHA'RTIC, Adj. [from ava>, Gr. upwards, and KaBai^'ji, Gr. to cleanfe or purge] in Medicine, that which purges up» wardf, as a von-it. ANACHRO NISM, S. [ava, Gr. and Xi'^'»®^> time] in Chronology, the mifplacing an a(ftion with refpe>tl to the time in which it was performed ; a miftake in computing the time when an event happened. ANA'CREON, S. [Gr. from aia, and «^£i), Gr. to reign] a Greek poet, "born at Teios, a town of Ionia, who flourifhed when Polycrates reigned at Samos, and Hypparciius at Athens. As a wriier, he was a perfon of an elegant tafte ; his poems have a gaiety that charms, and an eafinefs which fteals away our praife; though his fubjefts are trifling, they would extort a fmile from the fulle.i cheek of aufterity, and make the eye of gaiety fparkle with joy. His death is very remarkable, fup- pofjd to have been owing to a grape- (tone, whicli ftuck in his throat, and choaked him, in the 85th yejr of his aue. ANACREON riC, Adj. [from Anacrecn] that which is written in the tafte of Anacreon. ANADIPLO'SIS, S. [Gr. avaJnrXiw^i,', Gr. of ava. Gr. again, and JcsrXoiv, Gr. to double] in Rhetoric, a figure, wherein the word, whidi ends one fentence or verfe, be- gins another. ANAGO'GICAL, AJj. [from avu, up- wards, Gr. aud ayca, Gr. to lead] applied to Scripture, thofe pans which relate to eternity, or the life to come. A'NAGRAM, S. [of ava, Gr. and y^afx- /j-a, Cr. a letter, or writing, Irom yja^pai, Gr. ;o write] the trjn''pof:ng of the letters of a name fo as to compofe fome aew word or fcn- unce from thcsi, ANA- ANA ANAGRA'MMATISM, S. [from ana- frsm] the aft of tranfpofing letters fo as to form an anagram. " The only quinteffence that hitherto the alchemy of wit could draw out of names, is ana^rammatifm." Camden, ANAGRA'MMATIST, S. [from ana- gram] one who makes anagrams, ANALE'CTA, S. [Gr, plural, from am, Or. and ^Eyiw, Gr. to colleftj a colleftion of fmall and detached pieces ; a mil'cellany. ANALE'MMA, S. [Gr. ava\>i|U,aa, from evttXa/wCava), Gr. to refumej an orthographic projeftion of the fphere on the plane of the meridian, by flrait lines and cllipfcs ; wherein the eye is fuppofed to be at an infinite diftance, and in the E. or W. points of the horizon. Likewife a mathematici.! inftrument, with the fphere projected on it, and a moveable horizon and index, by which fevera! problems relating to the fphere may be folved, without the trou- ble of a calculation. ANALE'PTIC, Adj. [cvaX^-srloc©', Gr. from avaXa^vtSavu, Gr, to reftorej in Phyfic, medicines proper to reftore the body when emaciated, either by the long continuance of a diforder, or want of food. " Analeptic me- dicines cherifli the nerves," ^i/icy. ANALO'GICAL, S. [from ana/ogy] ap- plied to words, a term, which fignifies any particular idea as attributed to feveral others, not by way of refemblance, but on account of fome evident reference to the original idea. ANALO'CICALLY, Adv. [from analo- gical and /)'J in a manner wherein there is fome refemblance to the thing compared, though it may not hold good with refpcft to all its properties ; defined by Johnfon in an analdguel manner. ANA/LOGISM, S. [avaXsj/ijr/^©-, of am, Cr. and Xoy©', Gr. reafcnj in Logic, an ar- gument drawn from the caufe to the eftedt, and importing an unanfwerable necefTity. To ANALO'GIZE, V. A. [from analo- gy] to turn into an analogy ; to form a re- femblance, or run a parallel between things which differ ; to interpret a thing as if it had a reference or refemblance to fomething elfe. ANA'LOGOUS, Adj. [from analogy] that which bears a refemblance to a thing, in fome particulars, but not in a!i. ANA'LOGy, S. [from a»aXoyia, Or.] a refemblance which one thing bears to another, in fome of its properties or qualities, though not in ail ; wlien we fpe .k of the Divine Be- ing, we are obliged to h..ve recourfe to this method of expreffing ourfelves, becaufe divine matters are not the objeft of our fenfes, and cannot be conceived any other ways than by their fimilitude, proportion, or connedlion with fenfible things; fo that analogy mear.s a refemblance in kind or fort, but a difference with refpeft to manner. ANA'LYSIS, S, [av«Xua-(?, Gr. from ava., Gr. and Xvca, Gr. to difToivejOr break in piecesj a leparation or folution of a compou.id body ANA into the parts of which it confifts. '^ The iJ««/>;^i of the dew of any place." Arhulhn. In Philofophy, the confideiing the diftereut p^rts of a thing feparately, and drawing conclufions from the experiments made on them in that flate. " Ana'.yfa confirts in making txperi- ments and obfervatlons." Neivt. Opt. The refolving of a thing into its conflituent parts, as of a fentence into fingle words 5 of words into fyllables; of fyllables into letters ; of a tune into its fingle notes ; of an argument into its feveral propofitions ; and of a book into the feveral heads, or topics, of which it treats. In Mathematics, it implies the difcovering of the truth or falfhood of a propofition. ANALYTIC, Adj. [amXvTiM-,, Gr.] the refolving a thing into its primary, elemental or conftituent parts ; the reducing a book into the feveral topics which it treats of; the argu- ing on the principles or conceflions of an op- ponent, till he is reduced to a dilemma. ANALY'TICAL, Adj. [from analyfnl that which pretends to refolve things into their firft principles. AN ALY'TIC ALLY , Adv. [from analytical and ly] in fuch a manner as to feparate a thing into the parts of which it is compofed, to re- folve a fubjeft into its firft principles. To ANALY'ZE, V, A, [«vaXu<w, Gr.J in Chemiftry, to refolve a compound into its firft principles. " To analyse them, and take afunder their heterogeneous parts." Boyle. To inveftigate, or trace a thing to its firft princi- ples or motives. ANALY'ZER, S. [from aWjze and «r, implying an agent, from war, Sax. or ivair, Goth, a man] that which can reduce a tiling into its fi;(l: principles. ANAMORPHO'SIS, S, [from ava., Gr. and jUo^<fa!i-i?, a configuration, of (Ao^fu, Gr. a fliapej in Pcrfpeftivf, thedefcribing a figure, which in one point of view /hall appear to be deformed, and monftroufly mifliapen, but in another regular, and in due proportion; or a delineation of an objeft which fhall appear monflrous to the naked eye, but when viewed in a cylindrical mirnr, fliail appear regular ar.d harmonious : there are feveral pieces of this kind in the Aflimoleaii Mufeum at Oxford. ANA'NAS, S.'f in Botany] tke pine-apple, fo called from its refemblance to the cones of pines. ANATHORA, S. [Gr. etvufo.;a., a repe- tition] a figure in Rhstoric, wherein feveral fentL-nces bejin with the fame word ; of which the following; Pfulm aftords a beautiful and noble exampl-. " The 'voice of the Lord i« powerlul; the "Voice of the Lord is full of majefty; rht: -t'oice of the Lord breaketh the cedars of Lebanon," (2?c. PJal. xxix. 3. ANAPLERO'TIC, S. [am-rrXn^om, Gr, to fill up] in Medicine, that which incarns, or fills up any wound with fle/h. A'NARCH, S. [fiom « Gr. negstlve, and ANA tfy^o?, Gr. a ruler] one who js the aathor or prumoJcr of ccntufiun, or ledition j a rebel. ANA'RCHiCAL, Adj. ffrom anarchy] tb.it w hich is not fubjeft to rule, laws, or go- vernment; rebellious J or feditious. A'NARCHY, S. [ayap;yja., Gr. anarchia. Lit. j a ftate wherein there is not, or no one will 3cknowled|e a fupreme magiftrate ; a ftae wherein people are without the enforcement of laws, and will not fubmit to them j rebellion ; fiedition ; and confufion. ANASA'RCA, S. ffrom ava.Cr. and s-n-^f, flefh] in Phyfic, a kind of univerfal droply, wherein the fkin appears bloated, and yicios to ths imprcfiion like dou^h. ANASTOMO'SIS, S. fGr. from ava, through, and r'/"") Gr, a mouth] in Ana- tomy, the indfculations, or opening of two vefl'els into each other. ANA'STROPHE, S. [from ava, and f.^ii^'o, Gr. to turn] in Rhetoric, difpofition, or placing of words, wherein they do not fol- low the grammatici! tonflruftion, an3 ih(if<- which fliould follow are placed fiift ; as LaLam (or.tra, for centra Italiaiv, in Virgil. Notes an- srelical, for yir.gcltcal ):o:is, in Mikon. ANA'THEMA, S. [from avi, andnV' Gr. to place, or feparate] among the Jews it- fignificd 5 Firft, Soinetliing dedicated to the lervice of the Dsity ; Secondly, Something de- voted to defliui3ion,;it ihe cty of Jericho war, Jojh. vi. 17. Thiidiv, A perfon who was the objedl of univerfal aveifioii j and Four'hly,One V hoj III account of lome c4lence, was denied the privileges ot locie'.y, and baniflicd from tlie iynagogue. The term im(.rK-5 not only the curfe, or aift of excommunication, but the perfon exccn^munica'td or curfcd likewife. ANATHI/MATICALLY, Adv. [from a^:a:ltn;r.t\( a! ■ivi'^ ly\ in the manner of an ana- thema, or feritencc of rxcnmmunication. To ANATHE'MATIZE, V. A. [from iir.a'haKa\ to pronounce the fentence of ex- Cf.nimunication againft any perfon. ANATO'MICAL, Adj. [from anatoviy] that whicti is ufed in anatomy to fep.^rate the parts of an animal, or Uibft?nce to be diffedled. That v\hich is difcovered by anatomy, f>r in the diilciflion of a body. That which is fepa- r-ted, applied to the fmall and ccnllitueni jjart-des of a body. ANA'TOMIST, S. {anatuwjle, Fr.] one who dill'efts the body of hum<.n creature brute?, or plants ; dividing every one of the parts from each other j enquiring into their fe vcral ufec and properties; their various afl'ec- tioPS; tlie wonder of ih;ir ftriifture, &€. To ANA'TOMI/LE, V. A. [from ai.-t, Cr, and tevvh, Gr. to cut] to dillect, or fe- parate, by means of inftruments, every part of ihe body ; to difcover all the properties of a truth or thing; to lay open the fecret motive?, afleflions or difpofitions of a per- fon's mind. AN ATO'MY,S.[a»aT«//i*,Gr.See ANA- A N C TOMIZE] the dilfedling, or feparating the p<<rt3 of a human, or vegetable body, in order to difcover its ilru£lure, and the djilerent ufcS ot its feveral parts. Applied in a humorous manner to a perfon who has little fiefli on hi» bones; one who Is emaciated by difeafe or la- bour, fo as to rcfemble a fkeleton. A'NATORON, S. a kind of native fait extrafted from the waters of the Nile, bv eva- pofaiion and cryltaiizauon, and is fuppuied t« be the nitre of the antients. A'NX'ESTOR, S. \ar.cefire, Fr. oi antncjj'or^ Lar. one who goes before] the perf> n from whom one is defcended by birth. It is difiin- guilhed Irom frtiUcsfJ'or, becaufe that is ufed to fianily thofe whum we fucceed in dignity or office, but anceftor thofe whom we follow by natural defctnt, and as men, whether by fa;h^--r or mother's fide. A'NC!;.STRAL, Adj. ffrom anceftor'] in Law, that whicti may be claimed in right of our ancetttr:, or that whicli has been done l»y them. AN'CESTRY, S. [from ar.uf.or'] fuck perfons of a f.;mily from whom a peifon is de- fccnoed ; tamily, lineage; progenitors j pedi- gree, dtken!: or birth. AN'CHOR, S. [anchcra, Lat. from ay- yvpx, Gr. wherein ihe g is always pronounced like I! before k, as it is in the Gothic like- wiiej an inltrument formed of an heavy Hiuiig piece of iron, with a double hook or two barbs at one end, and a ring to hold a cable with in the other, uled to keep fiiips or other vefTcls from driving with the wind, tide, or currents. It is ufed with the followiiij verbf, to drop, or cajl, which imply the letting down ; and to weigh, which fignifies the pul- ling up the anchor. Figuratively, it denotes any thing which keeps from molion or fluiTiu- ation, inclu^'ing the fecondary ioea of ftcu- rity, " Which hope we have as an anchor of the foul." Hch. vi. 10. To AN'CHOR, V N. [from ar.ch^r the fubflantive] to be fecured from danger; or flopped ; to Le kept from driving by me^ns of an anchor. Figuiatively, to taften ; to ftop. " My intention aruhois on Ilabci." Skakefp, " My nails were avchortd in thine eyei." ^hakifp. Rub. 111. Ancbor-hsUi, the fallnefe procured by an anchor. A'NCHORAGE, S. [from arcbor] the efFe£l which an anchor has, fo as to hold or keep a fliip from driving ; the anchors thcm- felves, or tlie dutv pjid tor anchoiing in a port. A'NCHORET, or A'NCHORITH, S. [a contiaftion oi anachorei] one who goes into ceferts and unfrequented places , in order to pradtife the great^ft aufterities, and put hini- felfoutof the teach of temptation. ANCI-IO'VY, S. [ancbois, Fr. aKcho-i.-a, Span, ancio-ve, Ital.] a Imall fifh, much ufed for fauce, hflied for on the coal^ of Proven.e, generally in the nieiii- tiniCj with a light a? the ftcrn of the vefi'el. A'NCIEN'T, A N F A N G A'NCIENT, Adj. [anclen, Fr.] tliatj ANFR ACTUO'SITY,or ANFRA'CHT. which has endured for fome time ; that which OUSNESS, S. [i'lom anfracluous, and nefi] has been form'rrly, or foms tune ago; opithe quality of turning and winding like a pofej to t;iodern ; but not to veiv, ApnlieJ to maze, or labyrinth, Se! iom ufed. life, or the duration of thing?. " With the A'NGEL, S. [aiicrelusy Lat. ayyi\^, ancient \% \w\{Acirr\.''^ 'Job ■xw. 12. When ap- Gr. two eamrras coming together, being in plied to the revivj] ot a thing, it lignifies pafl that language pronounctd like r^, a meiren- or former, " Thoifgh the ancknti th'js their ger, or petfon which is Tent] a rclaiivs erm. rules invade." Pope. A'NCIENTLY, Adv. [from anaent, and /y] in former times, in times li)ng paft, or be- lore th? prefent indant. A'NCIENTRY, S. [from ardertl a pedi- gree which can be irsced a great m.iny years backwards ; or a f.imily which has been noted for a long coiirfe of years. AND, Coniunrt. [from and, Sax. ende, Belg. itnd, Teut. cmie, Fr. Th.j a particle, by which fentcnces are joined together, figni- fying that what was affirmed or denied of the fentence before it, holds good, or may be afHrmed likewifeof that which comes after it. *' He honoured his father and his mother." Likewife; *' To make difccveric-s in human life, and to fettle the proper diiliniftions." 1'atlcr. ANDI'RONS, S. irons placed at each end •f a grate, in which a fpit turns ; or irons on ■which wood is laid to burn inflead of a grate. ANECDOTE, S. [a.ExJorcv, Gr.J an article relating to a fecret tranfa6tion of a per- fon's life, whether it be that 0/ a prince or a private perfon 5 a piece of fecret hiflory. " Som? modern ancc.iotei aver." Frier. ANEMO'GR.'^PHY, fS. [from avE^©-, Cr. the wind, and yjafw, Gr, to defcribej a defcription of the winds. ANEMO'METER. S. [from avs^t/.'^-, Gr. and ^xstjov, Gr. a meafurej a machine, or inftrument, to meafure the force of the wind, ANE'MONE, S, [from avEy.a-v», Gr.J m Botany, the wind flower; there are two fpecies, one planted in gardens, and the other wild, ANEMO'.SCOPE, S, [from a-.E^w^, Gr. and c-xoTT'©', Gr. an examination) an inflru- nient or machine, which foretelfi the changes •f the wind. ANEU'RISM, S. [from viBv^vrji, Gr. to dilate] in Surgery, a tumour or fwelling caufed by tlie weaknefs of an .irtery ; or by blood extravafa'ed and fpread under the flefti fey a wound, or a rupture of an ar ery. A'NEW, Adv. [of a and n-iv, from n't- ewiu or ne-zv, Btlg. neiv, Teut, ny, Dan, and fiie-ue, or reo-we. Sax. J again; over again; once more; a fecond time, whrther in ihe fam", or a riifTcrKnt form, " Be freed, or arrrt'H iint'io.'" D>jd, ANFRAC'TUO.SE, or ANFRA'CTU- OUS, Aoj. [from arfrafi''!, L'.\.} that which is full of v.iir)ding pali.'.ge'; cr caviies, lefembling a maz*- or l.ibyrinih. " Several Vaults and atfraSu-if: cavities in the ear bonc.V implying a perfon who is fent, or commiflion- cd by another; in its primitive fenle, being a denom.ination of office. A fpecies of incor- poreal beings fuperior to mankind, relident ei- ther in heaven or hell, and of different degrees of dignity, power and perfeftion. And a gold coin, fo called from its having the figure of an angel upon it, which weighed 4 dwts, and was valued at 6s. 4d. in i Hen. VJll. and los. in 38 Eiiz. Figuratively, a perfon of exquifite beauty, and fuperior to the common run of mortals. " Sir, as I have a foul, fhe is <\nan- ^c7." Sbakcjp. Uied as an a(;)jeftive, it im- plies fomething more than human, or fuper- latively perfedl ; one of the order of angels. " In c/iiTr/ -.vhitenefs." Shakcfp. ANGE'LIC, Adj. [ffom angel and //V] fomething refembling, belonging to, or par- taking of, the nature of angels, ANGE'LICA, S, [Lat. io called from its fuppofed efHcacy again't poifonj in Botany, the greatert: of the umbelliferous plants. ANGF.'LICaL, Adj. [from iingel] that which refembles angels; "Angelical fwilt- nefs." Rah'.gh, That which belongs to, or partakes of the properties or nature of angels, A'NGELOT, S. a fort of fmall cheeje ge- nerally made in the form of a heart, at the county of Boay, in Normandy ; it is very fat, and of an exquifite tafte. Likewife a mufical inftrument refembling a lute. AN'GER, S. [from ange, Sax. vexed, awf/. Belg. to repent; or ongo, Lat.j a defire of thwarting the happinels of another, on ac- count ot an injury received. To AN'GER, V. A. [See ANGER the nounj to injure or oflend a perfon, lo a? to provoke him to refentment, or to defire to thwart one's happinefs. " Who would an^fr the meaneft artifan ?" Hooker, A'NGERLY, Adv. {i^oni anger ^r\A ly^'^i the manner of, or like, a perfon who refcnts an injury, ANGiO'GRAPHY, S. [from a-/y!i:v, Gr. and y^'x^-j}, Gr. to defcribej a defcription of the veliVls or tubes of fhe human body. ANGiO'LOGY, S. [from a^y-Mi, Gr. and Xoj'oj, Gr. ] a treatife or difcouile of the veflVIs of tlie human body, A'NGLE, S. [angulus, Lat, ang'e, Fr.J in Gcom-try, the meeting of two lines which incline to each other, and meet in a aoint. A'NGLE, S. [from arff/, Sax. Belg. and Teut, J an inftrument to catch fifti with,c-Ort- fifting of a line, hook, and rod. To A'NGLE, V, N. [trom angle the nmm] tQ fiH) with a kook, line, and rod. " ^■■'glin£ A N G in the cryflal lake." Waller. Figuratively, to entice by fome allurements, or artifice. A'NGLE-ROD, S. [argel-r'jede,^t\g. ar.gzl, Port, anxueli, Span.] the rod to which the line and hook are faftened in angling. A'NGLER, S [from argk and er^ he that fiflies with a rod, hook, and line. A'NGLES, S. ihe nation from whence our jfiand and people are named, who are luppofed to have come from a city formerly named Angd, in the kingdom of Denmark ; in Latin they were called Gem Ar.ghrum, the nation ot the angels j and in their own language, Eng!a. Thetd. A'NGLESEA, [formerly called Mcna by the Romans, Mok, or Tir-Mon, i. e. the hnii of Mona, and lays diiiylb, cr the Shady Ifland, hy the Welch, and Evglsfaz, or .■^rglefty, i. e. the Englifh Ifland, by the SaxonsJ an ifland over againft Caernarvonfiiire, in the Irifh fea, about twenty miles long, and feventeen b'«ad. It was formerly the fe^t of the Driiidf, and fo fertile, ss to be named Men Mam Gyrr.ty by the Welch, i. e. Mona the nurfery ot Wales : it has two market towns, and fends one mem- ber to parliament. A'NGLICISM,S. [from Jrglkus, Lat.] a method ofexpreflion peculiar to the Englifh language. A'NGLING, Verbal Noun, [fiom angle] the diverfion of fiihing by a rod, line, and hook, armed with a bait. A'NGRED, Part, [from anger provoked to a defire of revenge by fome injury. ANGRILY, Adv. [from argry and /y] a manner which befpeaks refentment, on ac- count of fome injurv. A'NGRY, Adj. [Ucmargfr'] dcfirous of revenge, on account of fome aftiont j highly difplea'ed. A/NGUISH, S. [angdfe, Fr. argofda, Ital. '"'iJh Teut. anghjl. Belt;.] exceflive pain, ap- plied to the body. " Death's of fuch incre diblc anfwfh.^^ South.' Immo^ierate, or the highcft riei,ree of forrow, anxiety and torture, applied to the mind. A'NGUISHI.D, Adj. [from argutjh] to be alTefled with the profoundefl anxie'y, tor- ture, and lorrow, on account ot fome cala- mity. A'NGULAR, Adj. [from angulus, Lat.] that which has corners cr angles. Angular moi'ion, in Aftror.omy, is the increafe ot the diftance, or angle, between any two planets moving round any body, as the common cen- ter of their motions. A'NGULARITY, S. [from arguljr] the quility of hjving angles or corners. A'N'GULARLY, Aqv. f fiOOT argular and ly] with angles and corners, like an angle, A'NCULATtD, Arj.[fromflr^i/.Vj,Lat.] that which has angles or corners. •' Snot in-* to arrulaini figures." W'.'J.i-j. A'NGULOUS, Adj. [trom ar.guht, Lat.] that which ba$ cornsr; or angle:. " Hda A N i togetlier by hooks and angulous Involutions.'* Giar'^: ANHE'LITUS, S. [from arhelo, Lat. to pant, or breathe with difficulty] a fhortnefs of breath, or quicknels of breathing, occa- fioned by running, or going up any high and fteep place. ANI'GHTS, Adv. [from a for at, and rightl'in \hi night- time, or every night. " Yoii muftcome in earlier a nights J''' Shdkefp, ANI'LITY, S. [anduai, Lat,] "eld age, confidered as it refpe£ts a woman ; figurative- ly, applied either as a term of honour or re- proach, A'NIMA Mo-N-Di, S. [Lat. the foul of the world] a pure aeiherial fubftance or fpirit, ac- cording to Plato, and other ancient philofo- phers, diffuled through the m^fs of the world, informing, adluating, and uniting its feverat parts into one treat body or animal. ANIMADVE'RSION, S. [animad'verfi», Lat.] a taking notice of a fault with fome de- gree of anger, feverity, or difpatch. " Dif-' mified with fevere and (harp anlmadferfior.s" Clarend. Punifhment, cenfure, or the execu- tion of the laws ; confirieration, refle£lioii, ANIMADVE'RSiVE, S. [from ar,msd' I'erfum, fupine of oumad'virto, Lat.j that which has power to make the mind attend to, or confider any particular objedl j that which has the power of judging. " The foul, the only ammadi'erfi've principle." Glant>. to ANLMADVE'RT, V. N. [ar.imad^-er. to, Lat.] to cenfure, to blame, including the feccndary idea of defeft in the perfon animad- verted on, together with authority, difpleafure,^ and feverity in the animadverter. ANIMADVE'RTER, S. [from arimad- ■vert, and er, a conttaftion of ivcer, Sax. or ivair, Goth.] he who infli£Vs punifhrncnt, or paffes cenfure on crimes. " A tevere animad-' ■verier upon fuch." South A'NJMAL, S. lan'imal, Lat,] a being, confifting of a body and a foul; diftinguiflied from pure fpirit, with rel'pc<ft to its corporeal part, and from mfre matter, by its fpiritual. An:rr:al, ufed as an adjefiive, implies fome- thir.j which relates to animal^, or beings pof- ftfled of a foul. Animal fecreliony is the a&y whereby the juices q( the body are feparated and fecr«ted from the common mafs of the blood, by means of the glands. Aiimal fpi- rits, are a fine fubtilc juice, fuppcfed to be the great inftrument of mufcular motion and fen- fation. ANLMA'LCULE, S. [or.ln:akulum, Lat. a diminutive of ar.ii>:al] a very fmall animal, generally applied to fuch as are nut vifible to the n.~.ked eye. ANIM.VLITY, S. [oTiimal, Lat.] that property which determines a being to be an .■\nimal j that which h^-s ihe properties of an nnimal. " The word animal here only fig- nifies human ar.'imaVtty,^'' JVatts, Tg A'NI.MaTE, V, A. {ammo, Lit.] to give ANN f.ive life to; to quicken ; to join, or unite, a foul to a body j figuratively, applied to mu- ficalinftruments, to enliven, to make vocal, to infpire with the power of harmony ; to communicate boldnefs toj to encourage, or excite. A'NIMATE, Adj. [ammam, Lat.] that which is endued with a foul ; that which has liii;,, or the properties of an animal. " The ad- miralil'; ftruftnre oi animate bodies." Ber.tlty. A'NIMATED, Part, [from animate] th'at which has a great deal of life ; vigorous ; fpi- rited. ANIMATION, S. [from animate] the a£t*of bringing intoexiftence, or enduing with life, both vegetable and animal. The ftate wherein the foul and body are united j the en- joyment of life. A'NllVIATLVE, Adj. [from animate] that which has. the power of communicating a loul or principle of life ; that which has the power of enlivening, encouraging, or making vigorous. ANIMA'TOR, S. [from animatum, fopine of animo, Lat.] that which enlivens, or con- fers the principle of life. ANIMO'SE, Adj. [from arimfus, Lat.] full of fpirit ; violent ; courageous ; vehement. ANIMO'SITY, S. [animrjiias, Lat.] a difpofition of mind wherein a perfon is in- clined to hinder the Aiccefs, thwart the hap- pinefs, or difturb the tranquility of another; it includes in it a degree of enmity, and is oppofiteto friendfhip ot benevolence. " Thole heats and anin^ofuies among the fair fe.x." Htvift. A'NKLE, S. [anchv.', Sax. ankle, Dan.] the joint which unites the leg to the foot. Ai.kle-bone, enclrl been, Belg. the protuberant bone at the ankle. A'NNALIST, S. \\xQm annali] one who writes or cotrpoles annals. A'NNAI.S, S. fit has no Angular; from annales, Lat.] a narrative wherein the tranf- actions are dijiefted into periods, confifling each of one year ; or relations whicli contain the public ocnirrences of a finale year. A'NNATES, or A'NNAfS, S. [Lat. if has no finguiarj in Law, the firft fruits, fo cill^d, becaufe they are paid after one year's profits. To ANNE'AL, V. A. [from onahn, Sjx. to fee fire to ; tu burn] to heat glals fo as ro make it retain 'Jie colours laiii on it. " A pifturc fhone in glafs annsakd.''^ Dryd. To lieat glafs after it is blown, to prevent its , breaking ; to heat any thing fo as to give it its temper. To ANNF.'X, V. A. [anr.sxum, fupine of enr.cSio, Lat. an/:ex!r, Fr.J to join, or fur- join as a fupplemcnt ; to conneft ; to unite With. '/ Annex happinefs always to the oc- ercile." Roge.ri. To belong to ; tojoinasa property, tlftd as a fuaflantive, propertits, «r attributes, ANN ANNE'XION, S. [from annex] the adding of fomething ns an enforcement, fupplement, ' or aid ; addition. " To engage the fear of men, by the annexion of fuch penalties as," i^c. Rogers. ANNE'XMENT, S. [from annex] fome- thing which is joined to another. " E,)ch fmall aiwixmcnr, petty confequence." Hamlet. To ANNI'HILATE. V. A. [annibila, Lat. from aJ to, and nihilum nothing] to re- duce to nothing; to deprive of exiilence. " It is impoffiSle tor any- body to be utterly anni- hilated.^' Bacon. To put an end to j to ex- tinguifh; to deftroy utterly. ANNIHILA'TiON, S. [from annihilatel the aft by which the very exiftence of a thing is entirely deftroyed. " Their utter anmhila' cion could not chufe but follow." Hooper, ANNIVE-'RS AR Y, S. [anniwrj'arius, Lat. from annus, a year, and "vcrto to turn] the re- turn of any remarkable day in the calendar. Some public rejoicing performed in honour of the anniverfary day. " In his admirable an- nii/rrfaries," Dryd, ANNIVE'RSARYv, Adj. [anr.iverfarius, { at,] that which falls out once in the regular courle of every year ; annual, or yearly, " Keeping their anniverfary day." StiUing. ANNO Domini, [Lat.] 'eKpreflcd by abbreviature, -A. D. 1762, /. e. in the year of our Lord one thouf.nd I'eveii hundred and fixty two. ANNOTATION, S. [anrntatic, Lat.] ex- planations of the difficult pallages of an au- thor, written by way of notes. ANNOTATOR, S. [Lat.] a perfon who- explains the difficult p^fl'^gcs of an author j, a commentator. To ANNOU'NCE, V. A. [annoncer, Fr. Uom anauncio, Lat.] to proclaim; to reveal' publicly. " Announced by Gabriel." Par^ Reg, To pronounce; to fentcnce. Inajudi- cial fenfe, to condemn to. " Ann.unce — or life or death." I'rior. To ANNO'Y, V, A. {annoy tr, Fr.] to difturb ; to vex; to m.>,ke a perfon uneaiy. ANNO'Y, S. [from the verb] an attack.. " Ci-od angels gu.ud thee from thi; boar's nn- nsy,''' Shakc'ip. Trouble, misfortune, or any ftate which is prodrii^tive of anxiety. ANNO'YANCE, S. [from «««»y] that which ocofions any trouble, inconvenience, diflike, injury, or hurt; the rtate wherein a> perfon is aO't^'iled with the fi°ht, hearing, (ic-^ ing, £ff. of a difjgreeable objeit. " The further annnyarue and terror of any befieged place." fVilkins. ANNO'YER, S. [from annoy and er] the perfon who caiifes any annoyance, diflike, tronl^le, or loathing. A'NNUAL, Adj. lanin'c!, Fr. frorn annus, Lat. a year] every year, or vorly. " Annual for me, the grape, the rofe renew." Gfc. Pope. For the whole duration of a year ; that which endures only one ■^txx, A'NNU- A N O A N S A'NNUAI.LY, Adv. [from annua! anJ k] \ nuKaLuJIy proceeded from Adam." Smvni tvery year, yearlv ANNU'lTANT, S. [from armut, Lat.] lie that potTed' s ot receives an annuity. ANNU'ITV, S, [annuiic, Fr.J a yearly revenue, paid every year during a perfon's life, on Certain term of years j a yearly al- lowance. To ANNU'L, V. A. [from nuUus, Lat.] rone] applied to hws, to deprive them of their force j to abrogate; to abolifli. " Who- ever deftroys this authority, Hoes, in ePiVft, *«n;(.' the Uw." Rogers. Made impercept.b'e, or, as it deprived of their exiftence, and an- nihila'td. A'NNULAR, Adj. [from dr«^/aj, Lat. a ling] refembling, or in the form of a ring. A'NNULAR V, Aoj. [from J.'wa/aj, Lat. a ringj in the form of rings, " The wind- pipe is made with annulary cartilages," Ray, A'NNULET, S. [a diminutive from an- Tuius, Lat. a ring] a fmall ring. In Heral- dry, uTed for a mark that the perfon is the fifth brother. Sometimes indeed a part of the coat of levcral families, reputed a maik of dignity. In Architeflure, the fmaij fquare member in the Doric capital under the quarter round. Likewife a flat moulding coTimon to the other parts of the column which derives its name from its furrounding the column. ANNU'LLING, Part. Noun, [irom an- »!&/] the revoking, aboLfhing, or repeating of an aft, (Sc. ANNUNCIA'TION-DAY, S. [from <in- Tundate] the day celebrated in comfnemora- tion of the antj;e!'s vifitation of the DieiTetl Virgin on the a5th of March, A'NODYNE, S, [from a, neijative, and eJwn, Gr. pain] a remedy which abates the force of pain, <md renders it more tolerable. *' Anodynes, or abateis ot pain, ol the aliment kind." /.rhuth. To ANOl'NT, V. A. [from oint, enoir.t, Fr. the fupine=. ot cindrc, or enlnJrc, Fr.] to rub with lome fat, or greafy preparation, " Thou fiialt not anoint thyfelf with oil." Deut. xxviii. ANOI'NTER, S. [from aw/Vr and er] the perfon who anoin'.s. ANOMAl.l'STICAL, Adj \{fom ancmaly] irregular, yi'ioirahjiicul yea: , in Aftronomy, the (pace of time wherein the earth pailes thro' her orbit, and differing !rom the com- mon year, on account of the prcceflion of the equinoxes, ANO'MALOUS,, Adj. [avs.ua?,^;, Gr. of •c negative, and c//.aXof, Gr. plaiiij in Gram- mar, fuch words as are not confirtent with the rules of declining, CTf. In Altiononw, thii which feemingly deviates from its regul.ir motion. ANO'MALOUSLY, Adv. [from anor?,a- kus and ly] in a manner not condfteni with eftafclifhcd hws or rules; in an irregular, un- •onuBon, or cxtraordtnary niann«r. " £v« c- l^ulg. Ert ANO'MALY, S. ^anomaVe, Fr. anonialiai Lat. See ANO'M.^'.LUUSJ a derivation from the eftabljfhed rules and laws, whether thote of nature, focieties, or particular branches of fcience. '* A pecu'iar /Jrowrt/y and bafenefs of nature." ^^outh. In .■^ilronomy, applied to a planet, is that whereby it differs from the aphelion or apogee. ANO'N, Adv. [from a and tiubn, Belg. nus Sax. ayrtii, Spin, now] foon after any time expreiled ; quickly. ** Not without de- (ign at that prtfent, as fha'l be made out a- nun,''^ Ciarend. When applied to viciflitude, revolution, or change of adion, it fignifies, then, afterwarrfs, or lometimes. " On bill fome'imes, atiin in (hady vale." Par. Reg. ANO'NYMOU'S, Adj. from *, Gr. pri- vat!ve, and viofj-a, Gr. a name] tiist which haj not yet received a name. " Another a- nor:\mous jnfeft of the waters." Ray. Ap- plied to books or puDl'cations, that which is without a name, or that which has not the au'hor's name, " The author's being 0no-> nyntjus.^^ Dunc'icd- ANO'NYMOUSLY, Adv. [from ar.ony. ntius and /y] in luch a manner as to be with- out a nan.e. ANOTHER, Pronoun, [from an, Sax. one, and oiber, Sax. more, or befides] applied to things, Ibmething not like that which is mentioned; different. " Becaufe he had an- alher fpirit." A'umb. xix. 24. Applied to number, or fuccefiion, one more; an addi- tion; befides. Applied to identity, not the fame. Joined with on, it implies a thing mutually performed ; fomething reciprocal. " If we love one amtier, God dwelleth in us." I Jibr iv. 12. A'NS/E, S. [Lat. the plural of anfa, Lat.] a handle] in Aftronomy, thoie pans of the ring of Saturn, which appear at a diftance from its body, and reiemble a couple of handles. ANSATED, Parr, [anfatus, Lat.] that which has hanoles. Ui'ed only by fcieniific writers. To A'NSWER, V. A. [arfn-cnan, Sax.] to give that information which is required by a quefiion. " They could not anjiver him." Lukeyixs. 6. To reply to an objetlion ; to obviate or give a foluiion ; to afTign realons ; to be accountable tor; or latisfy any claim or debt 5 to pay ; to bear a proportion ; to be proportio- nate to. To vindicate ; or be reteived as * witnefs, tefiimony, or voucher in a perfon's behalf. " So ihall my rigbteoufncfs anjiver lor me." 6't'n. XXX, •53. A'NSWER, S, [an '~xare. Sax, urt'ivcorjt, Belg. Seethe verb, to ANSWER] an Ini'or- mution, or reply to a quefiion ; a joiution of jny dirficultv, or objection. A'NSWER ABLE, Anj. [from^r 'ti-', ani tk'e\ i.hjt whlclft will *daut »f a rep'v, A'>Ni.\V£ft%. ANT A'KSWERABLY, Adv. [from an}wer. ahk, and /)'] in proportion j in a manner which correfponds with, or is (^uitable to. A'NSWERER, S. [from anjiuer znA er] One who gives fuch information as a queftion requires, he that folves, obviates, or clears up the obie£lions of an adverfafy. He who writes againft another in any controverfy, " It gives his anftvtrer double work.' Sivft, ANT, S. [from amt, a contraftion of temttr, Stx, and was afterwards foftened into ant^ fmall infeOs, remarkable for their in- duftrv, tendernefs, and pconomy. "ANTy^'Cl, S. [has no Angular, from «!VTJ, Gr. and cixSi), Gr. to dwelij in Geo- graphy, thofe who live under the fame femi- cirde of the meridian, but in dift'erent paral- lels, the one being as far diftant from the equator S. as the others are N. Their longitude is the fame, as are likewie their noon, mid night, and all their days : but their feafons are contrary, it being autumn with the one, when it is fpring with the other, &c, Th inhabuants of Peioponnefus are the Antaeci to thofe o: the Cape of Good-Hope. ANTA'GONIST, S, [from avrt, Gr. againft, and afni^ai, to contend] applied to ptrfons as fuch, one wlio contends with another. " None daring to appear antagon'ijl,''^ Milt. Sampjon. Applied to writers, he who oppofes the opinion or fentiments of another j an oppofite. To ANTAGONI'ZE> V. A. of avrj, Gr. and aywi^'ji, Gr.j toftrive, or contend againft another. ANTANACLA'SIS, S. [of avraxXacrif, Gr. from a'/ravaxAaa;. Gr. to drive back, or ftrike back againj in Rhetoric, a figure where- in a word is repeated in a different fenfe ; it is likewife the refuming of the fame fentsnce, after the intervention of I'everal others. ANTANA''GOGE, S.[from ai-Ti, Gr. and avafa), to drive, or take away] in Rhetoric, a figure, wherein, being unable to deny the crimes with which we are charg'jd by an ad- verfary, we endeavour to load him with the fame, or others, ANTAFODO'SIS, S. [from am, Gr. •ndi^, genitive of wovf, Gr. a foot, and J«s-if, Gr. of JiJoj^j, Gr.J a retreat, or re- turning. In Rhetoric, a figure, containing the counter-part of a fimile. ANTA'RES, S. in Afironomy, a ftar of the firft magnitude in the conftellation Scor pio. Long, J. deg. 20 min. 4 fee. according to Flamftead. ANTA'RCTIC, Adj. [from avT<, Gr. contrary, or oppofite to, and apKT(^, Gr. the bear] that which is oppofite to the urfiic, ap- plied in Aftronomy, to the fouihern pole and circle. The ar,tail}ic poli, in Al'ronomy, is the fouth pole, or that part of the heavens to which the fouih end of the eartli s axis points. The (intarBic circli, is one of the ItiTer circles »t the fphere, par^li?! 19 tji? tquatgr, and ANT 43 deg. 30 min. diftant from the fouth poll* The antarEIicpole, in Geography, is th2 fouth- ern extremity of th* earth's axis. A'NTE, [Lat,] a particle, fignifyingA(/«rf, and frequently ufed in compofitionj as anle^ dilwvian, that which exifted before the tiond } ante chamber, a room which muft be paffed through before you can enter into a chamber j or a room which leads to a chamber. ToANTECEOE, V. A. [from a;;^« be- fore, and cedo, I<at. to go] to have a prior exiftenre j to precede, or 9,0 before. ANTECE'DENCE, ^".[uamantcctdt^ pri- ority of exiftencej exiftence before Ibrr.e period or being. ANTECE'DENT, Adj. \ar,teciie„i, Lat.] prior J before; or exifting before. " Withr uut any ar.Vff,/».'C fins." South. Ufed fubftan- tively, it implies the thing which is prior ia time, or which muft have gone before. " It i^ indeed the necefTary anucediftl.'^ South. In. Grammar, the noun, which, in the order of conftrudlion, goes before a lelative, as " Chriji who redeemed us." The word Chriji is th« antecedent which goes before the relative, w£»«. In Logic, the firft part, or propofition, of aa enthymcme, or fyUogifm, confifting of two propofitions only ; as, " Chriji is rijen from the dead; therefore we are redeemed ;" the words in italic are the antecedent, ANTECE'SSOR, S. [Lat. from ar.tecedo, Lat. to go before] one who precedes, oris be- fore another in the order of time. ANTECHA'MBliR, S. [See ANTE. Written generally, but improperly, antichant' her\ a chamber which leads to a ftate room, or chief apartment. To A'NTEDATE, V. A. [from ante be- fore, and datum, fupine of do, Lat. to givej to' place too early, or before its real period. By reading, a man does, as it were, ar.tS' date hij life." CoHicr. To enjoy a thing ia imaginaiion before it exifts. ANTEDILU/VIAN, Adj. [from antc\>z- fore, and dilui'-um, Lat. a fiood, or delugej that which exitred, or had a being before the flood. Ufed fuhftintively for the perfons whd lived before the flood. A'NTELOPE, S. [from avti, Gr. con- srary, and >,ef^, Gr. a horn, becjufe its horns are inverted] in Natural Hiftory, a kind of goat with curled or wreathed horns. ANTEMERI'DIAN, Adj. [from ar:tc be- fore, and meridiem, Lit. noon) before noon. ANTEMU'NDANE, Adj. [from rw« be- fore, and murdanuSf of mundus, Lat, the world] that wliicii was before the creation ot the world. ANTEPENU'LT, or ANTEPENU'LTI- MA, S. [L?t, from ante, before, pcr.c, al- moft, and '.tlttr::r, hift] in Gramm.r, the laft I'yllable but two of a word ; as the fyllable nut in the woril artejcnult'wia. ANTEPRE'DICAMENT, S. \antcpradi- ,«tn7(nta, iiQin anti before, ^nd p'adiiumenlum, Q Lat,' AN T Lat. predicament, (o called from AnftotJe's treating of them hifors the predicaments] in Logic, fomething requifite to be known, in order to render the knowledge ot the predica- ments more eafy. ANTE'RIOR, Adj. or ANTE'RIOUR, [Lat.] that which is before another with re- gard to time or place. " The anterior, or upper pair." Broti.-r.^s Vu'g. Err. ANTERI'ORITYjS. [from anterhr, Lat.] the fiate of being before another, with refpeft to time or place. ANTHE'LIX, S. [fromavTi, Gr. oppofite, and eX'l, Gr.] the inward piotuberance of the external ear, oppofite tolhe outward, call- ed helix. ANTHELMI'NTHIC, Adj. [from cyr:, againfl, and iX^uivSoj, Gr. a worm] in Medi- cine, that which kills worms ; a vermifuge. A'NTHEM, S. lar.tlen.a, Ital. ai9t;,«V5,-, fiom tt'/T!, Gr. oppofite or reciprocal, and viJi-viq, Gr. a hymn orfong] a hymn performed in two parts, by the oppofite members of a choir. Socr.iics fays, Ignaiius w..s the in- ventor of it among the Greeks, and St. Am- brofe among the Latins. ANTHO'LOGY, S. [from av5oj, Gr. a flower, and >.o^5;, a difcourfe] a treaiife of flowers ; a collection of the moft beautiful .paflages of one or more authors; whence the colledlion of Greek epigrams, is filled Antho- logia. ANTHROPO'LOGY, S. [from avSj..-- ^c;, Gr. a man, and Xcyoj, Gr. a difcourfe] a difcourfe or treatife upon man, or human niture, confidered as in a ftaie ot health, in- cluding the confideration both of the body and fcul, with the laws of their motion. ANTHROPO'PHAGJ, S. [never ufed in the lingular, from ay&ouiTtoi;, Gr. a man, and ^■^yv, Gr.toeatj favages, who eat human tiefh. ANTHROPOPHAGI'NE AN, Adj. [from jinlhropofkagi^ like one of tiie Anthropopha- gi ; in a terrifying, terrible, or lavage manner. " He'll fpeak like an Antbropophaginean .^' Skulefp. ANTHRO'POMANCY, S. [from a:5fu>- TTif, Gr. a man, and !j.ci.;tu%, Gr. divination] a fpecies of divination, Irom infpecling the entrails or vifcera of a human bodv. ANTHYPO'PHORA, S. | Gr'.J in Rhe- toric, a figure, whereby the objections an ad- verfary may be fuppoicd to make, are obviated, and anfwercd. A'NTI, [Gr.] a particle, which in com- pofitions, f'^nifies contrary or oppofite ; and in works of literature, is prefixed to tlie anfwers wrote in oppofuion to an author ; as Antl' C.i'or.es, the name of the anfwers Julius Cx- ijT wrote to the ohjeflions made againff him by C>to. A'NTIACID, Adj. [from a«f/, contrary to, at'.d aciJ] that which is of < n.iiure coatrary to acid, an alkalii ANT ANTIARTHRl'TICS, S. [Gr.] remedies againit the gout. ANTIBA'CCHIUS, S. [from anti, oppo- fitp or contrary, and Eacetiui] in ancient Poetry, a foot confifting of three fyllables, the two firft of which are long, and the third flio'-t, as in i/i'/Vfi/ir; the fyllables fir and /«, are long, and te is ftiort. A'MTIC, S. [a Pantique. Fr. after the manner of the ancients, from amlquus, Lat.J one who plays tricks, and makes ufc of odd and uncommon geftures j a M^rry Andrew j a buffoon. ANTICHA'MBER, S. See ANTE- CHAMBER. ANTI'CHRIST, S. [from ««/■;, oppofite, or contrary, and Chnjl] in its primary fenfe, one who oppofes the dodlrine and miflion of Chrift. ANTICHRPSTIAN, Adj. [from Anti- ehrij}] contrary, or oppofite to Chriftianity. ANTICHRI'STIANISM, S. [from Anti- chrij}] any do£liine, or opinion, oppofite or contrary to Chriftianity. ANTICHRO'NISM, S. [from avri, Gr. and ;v*5vi?, Gr. time] contrary to the right order of time. To ANTi'CIPATE, V, A. [from ante, before, and caph, Lat. to take] to be before- hand with another in taking, fo as to difap- point him that comes after. To do or enjoy a thing before its fixed period. ANTICIPATION, S, [from anticipate] the dating a thing earlier than its due period. Tlie enjoyment of a thing in imagination, be- fore its real exigence j a fsretaftc. ANTICLI'MAX, S. [from £:vt;, and x>i- /^a*, Gr. a ladder] in Rhetoric, a vicious figure, wherein the laft fentence or member is weaker in its fignification, inllead of being ftronger, or higher than the firft. See CLI- MAX. ATSTTICLY, Adv. [from antic, and ly of /ic. Sax. implying manner] in the manner of an antic or buffoon j with odd gefticulitions and grimaces. ANTICONVU'LSIVE, Adj. [from ar.:i, jgainft, and coni/ui/he} in Phyfic, medicines againft convulfions. ANTICOU'RTIER, S. [from a!:tl, op- pofite, and courtie--] one who oppofes the mca- lurcs of the court. ANTIDO'TAL, Adj. [from artidue] that which has the quality of preventing the effcSs of anv contagion, or poilon. A'NTIDOTE, S. [anrido.-us. Lat. of av-i, Gr. oppofition, and ^otrig, of h^x/jii, Gr. to give] a medicine given to expel poifon, or prevent its effe^s, and to guard from conta- gion. ANTIEPILE'PTIC, Adj. [from av-ri, Gr. againft, and ETriXtj^i:, Gr. a convulfion fitj ill Medicine, temedies again.f convulfions. ANTi'LLES, S. [properly Ar.tijles, from , ii.cir I'mallnefsJ a fmall tlufier of iflanda ia the ANT ANT the Weft Indies, extending from 1 3 to 24 ds- lor thafe wha live fo diametrically oppoHte to grees N. Lit. anJ are diding'jifhed into Wind- ! s^ch oxher, that if a right line were continived gre ward and L'jevvnrd lilands. j ANTILO'GARITHJVI, S. ffrom anti and lo^.irhbuil the complement of a logarithm, or its diftcrence from one of 90 degrees. ANTl'LOGY, S. [ofavr; and Xovo,-, Gr.] contradiftion in its primary fenl'e, applied to thofe patTdges of an author, wherein there feens to be, or really is, a manitell contra- didlion. ANriMOMA'RCHICAL, Adj. [from avTi, again'i, and [y.oy^t^^^Xs,, Gr, monarchy] that which is contrary to monarchy, or that fpecies of government wherein the ciiief rule is inverted in a fingle perfon. ANTIiVIO'NiAL, Adj. [from ant'imory'l that which confifts of, or has the qualities of antimony. A'NTIMONY, S. [the piBlum of the an- cients, and rv-^,'-*' of the Greeks] it is a mi- neral fubftance, poflefling all the properties of a metal, excepting malleability and dudlility ; is found in moft mines, but eipecially thofe of filver and lead, and is diftinguifhed into two forts, ciuJe and prepared, ANTINQ/MIANS, S. [from ctvn and va- (A,'^, Gr.] a fe£t who look upon the perfor- mance of moral duties as infignifican'-, and prefer the articles of faith to thofe which en- join praftical holinefs. A'NTINGMY, S. [from mti, Gr, a- gainil, and vo'-i'^, Gr. a law] a contradidion between two laws, or the different parts of the fame law. ANTJPARALY'TIC, Adj. [from =vti, Gr. aaaiiifl, and nra^aKua-ii;, Gr. the palfyj in Medicine, remedies for the palfy. ANTi'PATHY, S. [from ^rtifiathie, Fr. from avTj, Gr. againft, and Traj^;, Gr. an af- fefti )n] a natural averfion to any particular obje" ; which operates fo ftrongly, as neither to be controuled by the will, nor reafon. ANTIPERISTA'SIS, S. ffrom avri and jii^:^a.y.at, Gr.J in Philofophy, the adion ot two contrary qualities, whereby the force of the one is incejfed by the oppofition of the other. This doftrine was efpoufed by the Peripatetics ; but is exploded by Mr. Boyle, in bis hiilory of cold. ANTl'PHRASIS, S. [from avri, Gr.and <ff5r;c, Gr. a form of fpeech] in Rhetoric, a figure, wherein a word is ufcd in a fenfe quite diiferent to i's original meaning. ANTPPODAL, Adj. [from anupoths] thofe who are antipodes wiih refpedt to their fuu:\tion. " /tntipodal to the Indians." Bro'T'jn'! Vul^. Err. ANTPPODHS, S. [by fome accented on the laft fyllible but one, and vitioufly pro- nounced as if a word of ihree fyllables, from f, t;, over- againft, or oppnfitc, and TrsJe,-, the plural of "^i's-C; Gr, a font] in Geography, thofe who live on the contrary fide of th-.- gbbej with their feet direiUy oppofite to aurii through the earth, e^ich of its ex'remities would touch the feet of one of the parties, ANTIPTO'SIS, S. [from a.\r,, Gr. and WTMo-;?, a cafe] in Grammar, a figure wherein one cafe is ufed inftsad of another. A'NTIQUARY, S. [antiquar]us, Lat,] one who applies himfelf to the iludy of anti- quities ; whether they be mottos, infcription':, or ancient manufcripts ; and makes coilciSlions for that purpofe. To A'NTIQir ATE, V. A. [ar.t-quo, Lat.] to render ufelefs ; in the paffive, 10 be growa out of ufe. A'NTIQUATEDNESS, S. [from antijuat~ ed and r^efi] theftate of being out of vog'je or ufe; the being obfulete. ANTl'QUE, Adj. [amiqtie, Fr. from an- tiqu'js, Lat. formerly accented on the firft fyU labie, but now marked and pronounced like the French] that which was in vogue in for- mer or ancient times, in oppofition to modern, " The old and antique fong." Shakefp. That which is really odd ; Vt'hofe antiquity is ge- nuine and indifputable. " Being true an' tique.''\ Prior. Old-falhioned ; out of the talhion ; uncouth, and ridiculous for its anti- quity. Ufed fubdantiv^ly, for a genuine piecq of antiquity, or a relic of the ancients. " Both very choice antiques.'''' Swfc^s Will. ANTPQUlTY, S. [from antiqu't'ai, Ln.] that time or period which has long precedec} the prefent. " The moft confummUc ftatef- iryn of all ar,t'\qwty.''^ Freehold, No. 51. An- cj^nt writers ; thofe who lived in former titles J the hiflories wrote at a great diftance before tiie prefent period. '' All antiquity has avowed." Rale'igh. Long life ; or old age. " Every part about you bUfled with antiquity.'''' Sha'^efb. lieu. IV. AN riSCORBU-'TiCAL, Adj. [from anti, Lat. againft, and [coibutum, Lar. the fcurvyj in Medicine, remedie<i againft the fcurvy. ANTISPA'STUS, S. a poetical foot, of four fyllables, the firft and laft of which ara Ihort, and the fecond and third long. ANTlSPLENt'TlC, Ad;, [from artl^ Lat. againft, and fplemtic] i.T Medicine, re- medies agiinft the fiiieen. ANTi'STROPHE, S. [from avri, G'. contrary, and rTjc^";, Gr. a fjrning] a dance of the ancients. In CJ-rammar, it is ufed for a figure, wherein two t-.;rms that depend on each other are mutually converted, i%thskiKgt miniftcr, or the m r.ijiei- of the kin^. ANTISTRUMA'TIC, A^. [from arti, agiinft, and JJruma, a fcrophuiaus humour] in Medicine, remedies againft 3 fcrophul'.iu-8 humour, or the king's evil. " DiftiUeJ mills v\ith ur.ti/lruKar'us." IVil'e.Tt. ANTPTHESIS, S,' [Gr. in the plural anti'.hejei, from tf.Ti, Gr. oppof.te or cootra-» ry, and Ti3ii/.t(, Gr. to place] in Rhetoric, a figure v/hsrein opofi:; qualities arc' placed in ANY Cftntraft, or compared with each other, In or- der to illufirate, amplify, and anorn the fpeech of an orator, or piece of any author : a beau- tiful inftance of this is in the following verfe of Denham — " Tho' Jeep, yet clear, tho' gentle, yet not dull," tfir. A'NTITYPE, S. [from ariti and type] in Divinity, that which is formed according to a model, or pattern ; a general fimilitude, or refcmblance of circumftanccs. ANTITY'J'ICAL, Adj. [from antitype] that which anfwetE (o fome type. ANTIVENE'REAL, Adj. [from anti and venereal] in Medicine, remedies againft ve- nereal complainis. A'NTLER?., S. \andouilUr, Fr.] among Hunters, the fiifl pearls which grow about the tur of a deer's horns : fomttimes ufcd in a more general fio^e for any of the branches. ANTOXOMA'SIA, S. [from avTi, Gr. and o'U|Ua, Gr. a name] in Rhetoric, a fi- gure, \,\ herein the name of fome dignity, of- fice, profpfTion, fcicnce.or trade, or fome figni- ficant epiihet, is put for a per ion's proper rame. As 'he Philofcpher, for Newton ; the Poet, for Pope i the Admiial, for Hawke; the Orator, or the Mn ifter, for Pitt. A-'NVIL, S. [arfu, arjit, 01 anfiltf, Spx. from a>i fur on, and fealian, Sax. to fall, from <the hammer's falling upon it j or of amhol:, Dan. aedLud, Bck. from aed, to, and bUd, Teut. a iorm or fhape, from bih'er, to foim, Ihape, or forgej in its primary fignification, a l.irge mafs of iron, on which handicrafts lay thtir work to fcrj;e, or beat it iiuo its defign- ed fl-.ape. In a fecondjiy fenfe it implies any thing wiiich is fubjudt to blows •' The .»;- i-:l of my fword." i'hahjp. Figurativcty, ufed with the particle :pon, it implies, that a thing is in agitation, is in readinefs, or under conf: deration. " Knov.'ing what was vpcn the ar.vil.''^ Sicift. A'NUS, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the ori- fice of the inteiiiner, thro' which the excre- ments are difcharged by ftool ; likewife a fmall hole in the third ventricle of the brain. In Botany, the pofterior, or back opening of a monopetalous flower, or that which has bui one petal. ANXI'ETY, S. [anxietas, Lat.] an un- tafinefs of the mind, cauled by its apprehcn- iion of the confcfjuence ot fome luture event. A'NXIOUS, Adj. [froma«.rii/j, Lat. J un eafy on account of the uncertainty of fome event. Very folicitous about any future e- vent ; dilturhed, or not bearing, wiih an equal temper of mind, the imprtfllon of any prefent evil. A'NY, Adj. [of antg, enig. Sax. the ^ be- ing pronounced like y at the end of woids; thigh, Belg. einer, Teut, ene, enai, and eroc, "RxiiX. eniz. Arm.] applied to time, it denotes either of the pans of which it is compofed. •* ^ny time thcfc four hours." Shakefp. Ap- plied to fpace, cilher of iis parts without i'e« APE rtriftion. " Motion begun any where below," Locke, One, in oppofition to none. "Nei- ther is there any that can deliver." Deut, xxxii. 30. A'ORLST, S. [aoj;c©', Gr. from a, ne- gative, and ofa^w, Gr. to limit] in the Greek grammar, a tenfe wliofe fignification is not limited of deierminate, but is applied either to tiir.e prefrnt, paft, or future. A'ORTA, S. [acfT«, Gr. a vefTel, bag, or cheft I the great artery rifing immediately out of the left ventricle of the heart j the trunk out of which all the other arteries f(.ring, and a great canal from whence the blood is conveyed to every part of the human body. APA'CE, Adj. [from « and /><»«} applied to things in motion, fwiftly ; applied to lime, quickly, or fpeedily ; and applied to the tran- fii ion from one ftate to another, in hafte, with ipeed. APAGQ/GICAL, Adj. [of a-ro, Gr. from, and ttfaj, Gr. to lead, or draw] ihe eOablifli- iag an opinion by {hewing the abfurdities, which would follow from its denial j called likewife a reduclii ad abfurdam. APA'RT, Adv. [a/ar?, Fi.] feparate, or at a diftance. Afidc, or tor a particular ufe. APA'RTMENT, S. [afartement, Fr.] a part of a houft: ; a room. A'PATHY, S. [from «, Gr. seg. and OTttCS^, Gr. a pafTioii or feeling] a freedom from all paflion ; a ftate of inlcnfibilify. APE, S. [ape. 111. aep, Bel-, appa, Brit. apa, Sax. abc, Dan.] an animal refembling the human form ; of which there are a va- tiety of fpecics \ the tees of their f;et are as long as thtir fingers ; they have pockets on each fide of their jaws, which ferve them as (tore-places. The females have but a fingle young one, which they carry on their back, and, when they fuckte it, take it in their arms, and give it the breaft, in ^he fame man- ner as a woman does to her child : they are very rem.irkable for their mimicking the ac- tions of human creatures ; hence the word is ufed in a fecondary fenfe, tor one who un- couthlv, or afftr<f\edly, imitates another. To APE, V. A. [Sec APE, S.J to mimic or imitate. APL'AK, Adj. [from a and pique] in s pofture to pierce ; a-tiit. A'PER, S. [from ape and er] one who mimics Or imiiates the aftions of another* An iiritator ; a mimic. APE'RIENT, Part, [aperient, from ape- rio, Lat. to open] in Medicine, that whicli has the quality of opening 5 applied to gentle purges. APE'RTION, S. [aperiio, Lat.] an open- ing ; a pafi'age ; a gap ; an aperture; or the a£lion of making an opening, or paflaj;e, APE'RTURE, S. [apertus, Lat.] the aft of opening j an open place, or opening; a pafi'agct APE'. A P O APE'TALOUS, Adj. [from «, Gr. pri- vative, and viraXov, Gr. a leaf] in Botiny, without petals, or flower-leaves. A'PEX, S. fLat.] the top point, or fum- mit of any thing. In Geometry, the angular point of a cone, or any like figure. APH^RE'SIS, S. fafaipEa;, G. to take awayj in Rhetoric, a figure, wherein a word or fyllable is taken away from the beginning of a word, as in the ingenious motto of Sir John Phillips. Arr.ort, more, on, re. APH'ELION, S. [of tx'Tto, Gr. from, and nXi^, thefun] in Adionomy, that point of the earth, or a planet's orbit, !n whicn it is at its greateft diftance from ihe fun. APHILA'NTHROPY, S. [from a, ne- gative, and 4>iXttvfljwwttt, the love of man- kind] the Want of iove towards human kind : want of benevolence ; inhumanirv. A'PHORISM, S. [fr..m a<pcap'tl^io, Gr. to feparate] a maxim, or princ pie, in any fci- encej a fentence conprehendir.g all the pro- perties of a fling in a concife manner. APHORI'STICAL, Adj. [from aphorifm] that which is compofed in the manner of a- phorifms, or maxims. APHORl'STICALLY, Adv. [from apho- rijli cal ind ly] in (he manner of an aphnrilm. ATHR0N1TRE,S. [fromaf^, Gr. and ViTpov, nitre] in Natural Hiftory, a kind of natural falt-petre, gathering like froih on old walls, now tailed falt-petre of the reck. A'PIARY, S. [afiarium, Lat. from apis, a bee] ihe place where bees are kept ; which ftiould be ftieltered from h'gh winds, and de- fended from poultiy, whofe dung is very of- fenfive to this animal. A-l'IECE, Adv. from a, each, and piecf] each; or feparateiy taken. " A farthing a- ^w<." Swift, ATIS, S. an ox, or bull, worlhipped by the Egyptians under that name; which was cohfecrated to the moon, and fed at Memphis. Its whole body was to be black, except a white fquare fpot on its fsjrehead, feff. When a calf was found with thefe marks, it was carried t . the temple of Ofiris, where it was kepr, and wor/hipped, as the reprefcntitive of that dei- ty, while living ; and lamented a.md buried, with great folemnity, when dead. A'PISH, Adj. [from ape and ijl\ from ij?. Goth, and Dan. implying nature.] This word has various fignificaiions, on account of its be- ing applied to the ditfereut qualities of an ape ; thus it fijinifies mimicking, or imitative. " u^pijh nation.'" Sbakefp. Rich. III. Affeded or foppifli. " French nods and api/fj courie- fy." Shdhfp. Rich. III. Silly, inhgnificant, empty, fpecious. A'PISHLY, Adv. [from apijh and ly] full of wantonnefs, miroickry, uncouth and afFefted imitation. Al'OCALY'PSE, S. [from diroxaXuTn^), Gr. to reveal] in i*s primary fignification, a Revelation or the difcov«ry of fgmcthing by A P O the Deity, before unknown to mankind. Ap« piled peculiarly to fignify the book of Revrja- tion, which appears to be written by St. John, from feveral paff.iges and peculiar expreiJions to be found in it ; and the tcfiimony of Ire« nsEus, Juflrin Martyr, Clemens Alexandrinus, Origcn, and Tertulli.in. aPOCALY'PTICAL, Adj. [from apnea- lypfs] that which contains the revelation of any thing myflerir.us. APO'COPE, S. [from a.'rto, Gr. from, and «j^7ij Gr. ro cut] in Grammar, a figure wherein the laft letter or fyllable of a word is cut off, as thro' lor through ; byp. for hypo* cho'idriac. APO'CRYPHA, S. [from aire, Gr. and xfvTiTui, Gr. to hide] in its primary fignifica- tion, fomething which is not known. Ap- plied to books, it denotes that their authors are not certainly known ; and confequently their authority and genuinenefs uncer.ain. APO'CRYPHAL, Adj. [from apocryph^ of doubtful and uncertain authority ; not in- ferted in the canon of Scripture. APO'CRYPHALLY, Adv. [from apoay. phal and ly] in a manner which will not c.ir- ry conviftion with it ; in a manner which is in want of authority, or the marks of au- thenticity. APODIC'TICAL, Adj. [from airo^u^i^, Gr. a demonftration] demonftrative, or fo plain and convincing, that no perfon can rC' fufe his aifent to it. Applied in logic to a lyllogifm. APO'LLO, S. [Lat.] in Mythology, the fon of ]upiter and Latona ; hern at Dclos ; one of the heathen deities, to whom thi-y attribut- ed the art of divination, anJ the patronage of phyfic, and is the fun. Said to have killed the ferpent Pytho, becaufe its heat rxhales pedilcntial vapours ; reprefented wiih long hair, in allufion to the fun-beams. The fa- ble reported of his feeding Admetuss Ihcep, denotes that all creatures are fuftained by his genial warmth ; and his killing the Cyclops for forging Jupiter's tliunderbolts, his dif- perfing thofe peltilential vapouta which ara fatal to mankind. He is called the Sun in heaven, Bacchus on earth, and Apollo in the infernal regions, atiu repretented wi'.h an harp, to fliew the harmoiiy of our fyllem ; with a buckler, to denote his defending the earth j and with arrows, to figuify his power of life and dejth. APOLOGETIC AL, Adj. [from a7ro>a. ysci', Gr. to de'end from any obiection, or charge] th^it which is faid, or written in de- fence of any perloo, or opinion, APOLOGETICALLY. Adv. [from apa. logetical iwA ly] in the manner of an anUver, defence, or apology. APOLO'GIST, S. [from afologtxe] the perfon who writes or fpeaks in vinrtication of the fcntiments of another; one who endea- vours to extenuate the fsuUs of another. ' G3 To A P O To APO'LOGIZE, V. A. [from apck^y'] to plead in favour of a peifon or thing; to de- fend, or excute, a pcrfor, or thing. L'fed with the partidt y^jr, before the fubjefl^. "I fcught to ajiclogix^e for my inuilcreiion.' Wake. APO'LOGUE, S. [from airo and Xo;c;, Gr.l a ftory, or ficlion, which is foimed ic convey feme mor 1 and intcftfting tru'h to the mind, under the images of beafts, aiid other iriatior.al animals; a fable. APO'LOGY, S. [from a7roX;j-i2, Or;] in its primary fenfe, implying a dilcourfe msde by a defendant, to clear himfelf from a charge of guilt brought agairft him; thus the difcourfc Socrates made for hin-.lelf, when ac- tufcd, is ftiled his ap',h^y. Hence the de- fence or vindication of an opinion from the objeflions it is charged wi^h, is called by the fame name. Jn this fenfe bifliop Jewell tails his defence of the church of Eiiglind an apology ; and Robert Barclay, his vindication of Qu^akerilm, an apclc^y for the principks of the Qi2,akers. At piefentthe term is ufsd to imply rather an excufe than a vindication ; and an extenuation of a fault, rather iha.n a proof of innocence. APOMECC'METRY, S. [of arto, Gr. from, fj-iv.^, Gr. a diftarice, and fj-ir^m, Gr. to meafurej the art of meafuring things at a diftance, to know how far they are frcm us. APO'PHASIS, S. [frcrs awo*a<r(?, Gr. a denyingj in Rhetoric, a figure in v^hiiL the orator feems to wave what he iionicall) jT.entions;; as, " Neither will 1 mention your cowardice; though, ifl fliould, you coula Jioi deny it." APOFHLEGMA'TIZANT, S. a remedy which evacuates fetcus or phlegmatic humours bv the ncftrils. ' APO'PKTHECM, S. [from a.noi$iy;:Le., Cr.] a fententious or ihcrt exprcfiion utieiec! without deliberaiion ; or s fentence containint: fome important truvh, moral or divine, which burfis, un-xpefled, from the fpe^ker. APOPLECTIC, or APOPLE'CTJCAL, Adj. [from ep:p'ex\ that which is of the na- ture of an apo'.'Icxy. APOPLE'XED, Adj. [from apoplcx] af- fefted or fcized with an aDonJexv. A'POPLEXY, S. r.-.7;-c7r/iJij, Gr. from tfrriTrhri^cii, Gr. to flrike on a luddenj in Phyfic, a difcafethat luddenly deprivesa perfon of his fenfes, and ail fciifinie motions of the body, fxcep'.irg thofe of the heart and lungs, attended with a fufpenfon of the pr'ncipal faculties of the f ul. C»ufed generally by repletion ; the head's being naturally large, ana the neck Jl.oit; the pe:fons being corpu- lent, and fat, or o: a ple'horic habit ol body, and redundant in pituitous humours, APO'ZIA, S. [from cTTOfia, Gr.] ii; Pbeoiic, a f'^.ure where the ipeaker fhews himfcIf in acubt where to begin, on ac- 6 A P O count of the ccpioufnefs of the fubie<£V, the ambiguity of the thing, and includes a kind of a foliloquy, or deliberation of the Ipeaker. APO'STACY, S. [from «7rora<ri«l, of a.<pt^afxai, Gr. to depart] tlie abandoning and renouncing a religion one has before ptofelTed j ufed always in a bad fenfe. APO'STATE, S. i^from af^o/lata, Lat. aTrcroTijf, Gr.j one who has forlaken or re- nounced the religion or principl s he formerly profeiisd. To APO'STATIZE,V. A. [from apcjlan} fo abandon or renounce one's religion ; uled alwavs in a tad fenfe. To APO'STEMATE, V. A. [from apo- /lc;::e] to turn to an apofteme ; to form an ablcefs; to coUedl and fwell with corrupt matter. APOSTEMA'TION, S. [from apc/fe,naie] in Surgery, the forming an abfcefs. APO'STEME, or AP0'STUME,S.ra,r5- rv-ta, Gr. from ci^iiray.at, Gr. to depart] a hoilow fwelling filled with purulent or corrupt matter ; an abfcefs. A PO'STERIORI, a kind of demonftra- tion. See DEMONSTRATION, APO'STLE, S. [apcjiolus, of a<!ro7o\o<; . Gr. Irom an-t^zhX-j), Gr. to fend] in its moft limited fenle, one who was an attendant and dilciple of Chrift on earth, and ccmmifTioned by h m, after his refurreftion, to preach the gofpei to the world. In allufion to the cuf- tcm of the Jews, one who is fent to cclleft alms and contiibutions, " Epaphtoditus, your meficnger, or apcjilt" air or '>>■■;, Gr. Philip. i\. z^. APO'STLESHIP, S. [from aponU and" [cyp or Jcype, Sax.] the dignity or ojiice of an fl/;t^'?/ejV.hxhcoiifii'led in preaching the to-'p'^'> baptizing, woiking miraclss, and otdaini.ng minifters, APOSTO'LIC, or APOSTG/LICAL, Adj. [from apcJlUj that which was taught or autho- rized by the apofiles. APOSTO'LIC ALLY, Adv.Tfrom apcpli- :al iT\i />;] after the manner of an aptftie. APO'-STRCPHE, S. [of a7r;i, Gr. from, and t^giiju, Gr. to turn] in Rheroric, a break- ing off from the thread of one's difcourfe to addrefs foine other perfon or thing. In Gram- mar, the cont.'ii^ion or fhortening of a votd by the placing a comma over that part which is dropped, as in the word y^cr^KiV??-. To APOSTROPHIZE, V. A. [from a/'o/- tropht\ to interrupt the thread of difcourfe, in orcer to introduce fome foreign fubieft. APO'THECA.RY, S. [from a7rcS);x»), Gr. a fhop] one who pr^tlifes phsrmacy, or pre- pares medicines according to the prefcriptions o. the college, and occalion:lly vifr.s patients; a praflice which is an encroachment on the province cf phyficians, and did no: originally oelong to the trade. APO'TOME, S, [of ttTTo, Gr. ahd vf/uv*, Gr. t A P P ■Gr. to cut] in Mathematics, the difierence between a rational line and one only commea- furable in power to the whole line. In Mufic, the remaining part of an entire tone, after a greater femitone has been taken from it. Jts proportion in numbers is that of 204S to 218^7. A'POZEM, S. [from aTTo^ioi, Gr. to boil] in Pharmacy, a medicine made by boiling roots, plants, i^c. in vvater, called likewife a iiecodlion. ' To APPA'L, V. A. [appSlie, Fff.] to ftrike with terror or fear^ to aifright ; to damp a perfon's. courage ; to diihearten, including in its fecondary ide^, the fudden appearance of fome terrible obje£l. APPA'LMENT, S. [from appaUn^ ment'] fudden aftright, which robs a perfon of his ■courage, and renders him inadlive. APPARA'TUS, S, [Lat.] a colleaion of inftruntients, neceffary to acc-omplifh any de- lign, and applied to the tools of a trade ; the inftruments ufed in philofophical experiments; the bandages, .&c. of a furgeon; the furniture of a houfe ; tiie ammunition for war. APPA'REL, S. [It has no plural, fro.-n appareil, Fr.] the cloathing worn for orni ment or decency ; drefs. Figuratively, appear- ance, or ornament. To APPA'REL, V, A. to death; to drefs ; to adorn ; lo fet out or embellifli. APPA'RENT, Part, [apparent, Fr. from apparens. Lit.] applied to truth, plain and indubitable. Applied to fhape or form, feem- ing, in oppofition to real. Applied to adlions; or qualities, vifible ; manifeft or known, op- pofed to fecret. And applied to the fucceflbr to the crown, certain, oppofed to prefumptive. y^ppattnt diameter in Aftronomy, is the angle under which we fee the fun, moon and liars apparent rr.agnitiide, is that which appears to the eye, and is meafured by the quantity o! the optic angle. APP A'K ENTLY, Ad v. [from apparent and /y] plainlj' ; evidently ; manifeftly. " Vices apparently tend to the impairing of mens healths." Tilktfos. APPA'RITJON, S. [from appareo, Lat.] the appearance of a thing, fo as to become vi- fible to the eyes, or fenfible to the mind j a vifible objedl; a fpeflre ; a ghoft, which is the moft ecmmon acceptance at piefent. In Aftronomy a flat's becoming vifhle, which before was below the horicon j oppofed to occultation. APPA'RITORS, S. [from apparto, Lat.] perfons who are at hand to execute the orders of the magiftrate in any rourt of judicature; the beadle who carries the mace before the maflers, &c. in our uiiivf rfities. APPEA'CHMENT, S. [from afpearb] an information made againfl a perfon ; an accu- fjtion. To APPEAL, V.A.[^/>^£.Vo,Lat.]to trans- fer a caufe, or difpute from one to .inotlier ; APP to apply one's felfto others for their opinion?; or to cite as witneffes. APPEA'L, S. fSe-To APPEAL] in Law, the removal of a caufe from an inferior judge to a fupcrior. APPEA'LER, S. [from a/>/>fa/ and er, of ivifr, Sax.] one who makes an appeal. To APPEA'R, V. Neut. [from app.ino, Lat.] t-o become an objeft of fight, or vi'ible to the eye ; to make its appearance, like a fpi- rit or ghofl; to be in the prcfence of another, fo as to be feen by him ; to anfwer a fum- mons, by attending a court of juftice; to feerh to refemble, in oppdfjtion to reality. APPEA'RANCE, S. [from appeay~\ the a£l ot becoming an objp£l of fight ; the thing leen, or obje£l of fight ; a phainomenon, or the vifible qualities of an object ; femblance, or fhow, in oppofition to reality ; that which flrikes the eye ; the culfide ; the coming into a place ; perfonal attendance or prcfence at a court of juftice ; probability; refemblance. To APPE'ASE, V. A. [appafir, Fr.] to bring a perfon that is angry to a calm and even temper; to pacify; to ailay the ravings of a difordered mind. Figuratively, to quiet any noife, outrage, or violence ; beautifully applied to inanimate things. " A.s by his counfel he appeajetb the deep." I Mac. xiii. 42. APPE'ASABLE, Adj. [from appeafe and abal, Sax. power, or pofTibility] that v^hich may have the violence of pafTion lelTened, or loftened ; that which is reconcileable. APPE'ASEMENT, S. [from appeafe] a flate of reconciliation, a ftaicof peace and calmnefs. APPE'ASER, S. [See APPEASE] one who prevails on another to flifie his anger; or brings about a reconciliation between parties* APPEL'LANT, S. [from appellans, part, of appello, Lat.] in Law, the party who brings an appeal againft another ; one who appeals from a lower to a higher court. APPELLA'TION, S.[appellarlo, Lst. from appello, to call or name] the name, dignity, or title, by which one man is diftinguilhed rrom another. A.PPEL/LATIVE, S. [appellatk'tir,:, Lat.] in Gr;unmar, words which itand f ( r univerfal ideas, or a whole rank of beings, whether ge- neral or fpecial ; as f/:', or eel, which agree to many individuals, and the former to many fpecies. APPELLA'TIVELY, Adv. [from appet- Jati-Je, and /y] after the manner of nouns ap- pellative. APPE'LLATORY, Adj. that which con- tains an appeal. APPELLE'E, S. [from nppeal] the perfon againfV whom an appeal is brou;iht. To APPE'ND, V. A. [from rr,/, to, and pendeoy to hang] to hang on another ; to join icmething as an additional, not as a principal part. APPEN'DAGE, S. [of a/i/.M</er<',Lat.]ahy C 4 thin 2 A P P thing that being confidered aslefs principal, is annexed or added to the principal. APPEN'DANT, Af^j. [Fr ] hanging on fomething elfe ; belonging or annexed to; ac- companying. Thus an hofpiial may be a{>- fetidant to a manor; a common of fiihing to a freehold, Ufod likewife fubftantively for fomething which belongs :o another, not as a necefiary, but a cafiial and adventitious part. ** A word, 3 look, a tr?ad, are appendants to external beauty." Crew's Cojwol. APPENDiCA'TiON, S. any thing whiih is added as anoynament or ccnveniency, not as necelTary to another. APPEN^DIX, S. [Lat. its plural appen- dices^ fomething added or appended to another, not as conftitutlng a ne-efJ>.ry part of it, but only as an emiitlhfhment or convenience- Applied to aiSio.'a, concuirer.t circutr.flances. Applied to book?, a kind of fupplemenr, or an addition, in order to fnpply fome omiflions, and render "hnn complete. To APPERTAI'N, V. N. [appartenlr, Fr.] t-i belong to as a right, by nature, or appointment ; to relate, or be confined t " Things appertair.'n? to this life." Ho:iker. APPER'TAINMENT, S [from uppe^ ta'iii\ that which relates, belongs to, or is a property of, any rank or dignity. APPER'TENANCIES, S. [apfarUnance, Fr.3 that which belongs or rcUtes to a thing ; the qualities, or prvpeitics of a body. APPER'TiNENT, Adj. [from aW to, and fert'wc>:s, Lat. belonging] that which is re- tiuifite, or has a relation to. ' APPETICI'LlTYj S. [from opteublc] the qualitywhichrendersathjne theobjtCfofdefirc. ■ AP/PETITE, S. [from appetite, Fr, of oppetuus, Lat. J a defue of enjoying fomething under the appearance of fenfible good ; a pro penfity to an objed on account of tiie good it is imagined to polVefs; a violent longing after any thing. " Immoderate appetite of power." Clarer.d. In Medicine, a natural periodical call, or defire to eat or drink, in order to re- pair the waftes occafioned by the excretions of the body. APPETI'TIVE, Adj. [from appetite] that which defires; that which has the power of defiring. To APPLAUD, V. A, \app!audo, Lat.] to teflify one's approbation by clapping of hands ; to |)raifc, or fliew efteem for a perfon'4 nrierits. APPL.AUD'ER, S. [from applaud and er,] one who piillicly ihews his .ip^jrobation ; or highly commends or praifcs the merits of an- other. APPLAUSE, S. [from applau^ut, Lat.] approbation exprclTed witli all the trilimonies of turbulent juy ; praife beftowed on merit by public an<l privjte teftimonies of approbation and ranturc. AP'PLE, S. [apl, apple, e!p, Sax. aptl, Belg. nfpfel, Teut. i^fa!, Brit, eble, Dan. A P P jahilko, Pol.] any kind of large fruit of a round form, but appropriated at prefent to that of the apple-tree, jppleof theeye. See PUPIL. A'PPLE-TART, S. [apple and, rjrr] in PaOry, a fmall pye, having apples within the pafte. A'PPLE-TREE, S. [apl-tree, or apl treow. Sax. afallen, afallenrren, Biit, jabldrt, Ruff. Sclav. Bohem.J in Gardening, a tree, whofc fruit is round, generally hollowed about the foot-ftalk, with cells including the feed, fepa- ratcd by cartilaginous partitions. Its juice i« fomewhat acid, the tree large and fpreading, and its fl-owers confift of five leaves, expanding in the, form of a rofe. Its fruit has various names, and are diftinguifhed generally into thofe that are fit for the defert, the kitchen, and the cyder-prefs. APPLl'ANCE, S. [from apply] the a£V whereby one thing is applied to another ; or the thing applied. AppUcai'tw is the word now ufed. APPLICABPLITY, S, [from applicable] the placing or applying one thing to another ; the quality which renders a. thing fit to be ap.. plied. AP'PLICABLE, Adj. [from applico, Lat.] that which is agreeable, fuits, or may be af- finned of a thing. APP'LICABLY, Adv. [from applicable ani /y,] in fuch a manner as to fuit, a-ree with, or be conformable to, and confequfrntly may be affidnned of, or applied ro, any thing. AP'PLICATE, A.ij. [hom apply] in Ma- themstics. See ORDINATE. APPLICA'TION, S. [applicatin, Lat.] the aft of applying one thing to another, either by malcingthem touch, or bringing them near- er to each other. Intenfenefs of thought or (fudy. The employment of a means to pro- duce a particular end, the addrefs, fuir, or re- queft of a perfon. The adjufting, or dravving inferences from the comparifon of one thing to another. " The application of a fable." AP'PLICATIVE, A6y [from applicate'] that which applies or makes the application. AP'PLiCATORY, Adj. [from applicate] that which exerts the art of applying; Ufed alfo fubftantively. " Faith is the inward ap- plicatory.'" Bramhall. To APPLY', V. A. [applico, Lat.] to put one thing to another ; to lay remedies or emplafters on a wound ; to ufe as relating or conformable to any perfon or thing; to em- ploy ; to put to a certain ufe ; to ufe as a means to fome end ; to fix the mind or aiten- lion upon any particular objefl ; t.i ilu-iy ; to have recourfe to ; to work upon; to addrefl as a petitioner. In Mathematics, to transfer a given line into any figure, pirticularly a cir- cle ; to fit quantities, whofe areas are eqnal, but figures different. To APPO'INT, V, A, [app-.in'er, Fr.] to fettle or fix the time of fomctliing future j to e/labli/h by decrte. APrOI'N'TEX, A P P APPCI'NTER, S. [from appe'int and er\ of "Kar, Sjx. a man] lis who retcles or fixes any time, thinf!, or place. APfOPNTMENT, S. [nfpointmert,YT.'] a thing fettled between two or more ; an agree- ment to perform fomething future. To ATPO'SE, V. A. [for cppofe] ufed by Chaijcer to imply an examination of a fc'hol<r, by embatafliag or puzrling him with quefti- nns. For this We now ufe the word {ofe, which is a coniraflini) o'' this word, APPO'SITE, Adj. ftrom appSfius, L^r..'\ proper, fit, I'uitable, well adapted to the pur- pofe for which it wa? intended. Applied to time, feafonable, or conrormable. Applied to opinions Cr fentiments, proper, reafonable, or agreeable to the fiibje£l which they tri-at of. AP'FOSITELY, Adv. [*"rom dpp'Jiie,, and y\ fiilv, fu'tablv, conforrhablv, properly. APPOSi'TiON, S. [fro^i. 'app'f.m, Lit.] the addition of fomething new, which is unit- ed to that which was before, In Grarhrnar, the putting of two fubftantive?, which fignifv the fame thing, in the fame cafe ; as Chrljtus Sahetor, Lat. " Chrift the Saviour," arid "the River Thame?," in Enc^lifh. To APPRAPSE, V. A/[<7/./.rwV, Fr.] to rate, value, or fet a price on goods intended for fale. APPRAI'SER, S. [from appraife ^nd er} one who fets a value upon goods, who is fworn to do juftice between party and party, from v.hence he is termed a fworn appra.fer, and is obliged to take the goods at ths price which he appraif's them at, providing no other will purchafe them at that rats. To APPRE'MEND, V. A. [from appre- lendo, Lat.] to lay hold on j to fcize a perfun as a malefiftor, in order lo brinij him to juf- tice; to think on with f .medei;ree of anxiety or terror. Applied to the operations of the mind, to conceive fuperficially ; to have an imperfefl or i/iadequ.:te idea of a thinj?. APPRE'HENDER,S [UomappreherjAni «r,] one who conceives a tiling imperfeiEtly ; one who feiz s a malefaflor in order to bri''g hiif) to iurtice ; aconc»iver; a thinker. APPREHE'NSIBLE, Adj. [from fl/./,rf;f.«»- fihilh, Lat.l that which may be apprehended •r conceived, though not comprehended. APPREHE'NSION, S. [apprehenfo, Lat.] >mong Logicians, the me.-e contemplation of things, without aff.r.Tiing or denying any thing concerning them ; the faculty by whi.h we perceive thofe ideas whic,'^. arc prtfent to the tnind ; fear or anxiety ; fu'piricn of fomething future. In Liw, the ''cizing of a malefadlor, •r taking him into cuftoiy, in order to bring Jiim to iuftire. APPREHENSIVE, Adj. .[from aptre- he^d'} that which is quick to ujideiftand, or Conceive; fearful ; or fufpicious. APPREHE'NSIVLY, Adv. [from ap- prcbenftve, and /y] after the manner in which the apprehenJJoa excrcifei itl'clf, with refp^d A P P 'o its id -as ; in an inadequate, fuperficlal man* ner, in oppOiicion to comprthenfively. APPRE'N'TICE, S. [appnnti, Fr. from appnrdrc, to learn] a youth boun.i for a cer- tain number of years to a perfon, in order t» learn his trade or profeHioa To APPRE'NTICE, V, A. [fro-n the noun] to bind a perfon .'or a certain number of years to one who is to teach him his trade, (Sc. APPREN'TlCFSHiP, S. [uom appnntict 3nd Jhip, {Tor{\ fcyp, or fcype, S:xx.^ the time for which .1 perion is bound to continue to another, in order to lern and pradife his trade ; or the office of an aparentice. To Ai^PR'lCE, V. A. [apri:, perfeft par- ticle oi apprendre, Fr.] to give a perfun notice of what he is a flranger to. To APPRO'ACH, V. N. \approch'.r, Fr.] api-lied to motion, to fhorten the diltance be- •wecn objects ; to draw nearer, or go towards. Applied to tirne, to be nearer its completion; to bcne->rer or at hand. Figuratively, to come near ; to refemble ; to bring nearer to j to lef- (tn the dif^ance between objetTts. APi^RO'ACH, S. [from the verb] the aft of coming nearer to any objeifl ; accefs ; means ufed to come nearer to a diftant: objeiV. In Fortification, ufed in the plural, woiks thrown up by the beiiegers, in order to adv^inct- nearer to the place beCeged. Lin s of approach, are Frenches cut in the ground, the earth of whick is thrown up in the form of a parapet, on the iide tov.ards the enemy, in oider to approach the ccvert way, without being expofed 10 the cannon of the befieged. In Ma'hematic, the curve of Ci^uahle approach, is that wherein a body defcending by the fole power of gravity, .liall approach the earth equ jUy in equal times; this problem of Leibnitz hjs been found by Mjupertuis, to be the fccond cubical para-, bola, placed fo, as its cubical progreflion is uppermoft. APPRO'ACHER, S. [from approach tmi fr] the perfjn who come, nearer to another, or advances towards a difiant objeft. APPRO A'CHMENT, S. (horn approach] the ::ft whereby the objcdt draws nearer to anoilier. APPROBATION, S. {approbaiio, Ln."] 'he acknowledging a thing to be worhy of client, and of el^eem, eithei by a tacit conienr, iir public confc/Tion; tho adl of spprovirjf, liking, or efiec ning any thing; the confirma- tion or fuppori of a thing. " Diop ihcir blood in approtalhit of what, £ff." Sh.tkcl'p. To APi'ROPERATE, V. A.\appr(,pero, Lat, J to quicken a thing, with refpeit to mo- tion ; to haflen action, applied to the lim; in which it i<i cxL)e(ffed. To APPROPrNQUE, V. N. lo fhorten, applied to time ; to oiaw neater to. " My days atipropirijuc to an end." Hud b. A; PRQ'PRIADLE, Adj. [from apprO' pr'iaic] that which may be confined or re- i fliained to fomc'.hing particular. APS To APPRO/PRIATE, V. A. [afprofrkr, Fr. fiom propr'ium, Lat.] to dedicate, or con- fine to a pirticular ufe; to claim an eXilufive »if ht to. In Law, to annex as a property. APPROn^RIATE, Adj. [from the verb] peculiar; confined, reftrained, or limited to lome peculiar (enfe, or ufe, APPROPRIA'TION, S. [from abp>opn- ate] applied to things, the appLcaiion of them to fome peculiar ufe. Applied to qua- litiet, the cbiming as belonging to one's felf, in an extraordinary, if not exckifive manner. Applied to words, the itftraining them to a particular fcnfe, or confining them to fignity a particular idea. In Law, the annexing a beaefice to the proper arid perpetual ufe of lome relieioiis houie. APPR'OPRIA'TOR, S. [from apprcpn- ute] one who is pofieifed of an appropriated benefice. APPROVANCE, S, [from atpro-ve] a word feldom uled. " The leaft afprctance to bcftow." 1 bcmfcni Sprhig. To APPROVE, V. A. [apprcfcr, Fr. from approto, Lat.] to be pleafed with ; to be delighted with from a conviftion of merit; to make worthy of approbation. " 'i'o tippro-ve himfelf to God by righteoufnefs." Rogers. APPRO'VEABLE, Adj. [from iippro-vc and able^ that which, on account of its merits, appears worthy of approbation. " APPRC'VEMENT, S. [from appro-ve] confent, including liking, or approbation. APPRO'VER, S. [trom approve and er, of 'zuar, Sax, a man J one who approves j one who puts to the proof, or mrlccs trial of. APPRO'XIMATE, Adj. [from ad, to, and proxhhui, Lat. near] that which approach- es near to. APPROXIMATION, S. [from approxi- rr.a:e\ the comijig, or apprtaching nearer to anything. In Arithmetic, a continual ap- proach to a root or quantity fought, without being able ever to arrive at it exa£\!v, A'PRIL, S, [/JprUls, Lat.] the fourth calendar month in the year ; rtprefented by ancient painters, as a young mm in green, whh a garland of myrtle and hawthorn buds; in one hand, primrofes and violets; and in the other the tign Taums. A'PRON, S. [from afcrar. for foran, Sax. before; fupp6fcd by Minfhew to be a contrac tion oi apJic-rine] a pate of drcfs cc^fiiling of cloth, (fc. which hanjs from the middle oownW.iri^E, worn by the ladies for ornomcnt, by aitificsrs to keep their cloaths clean. In a goofe it flei^ifi^s the fat frcin which covers the belly. Jn Gunnery, a piece of lead which co- vers thp tf>\ich-hole of n great gun. A'PRON-MAN, S. [horn apron and »;an] a man who %vears an apron; amethanic; a word of rtproich. "'You and y<iui apron- men." Shxiifp. A'PSi\S,ii.[a-U?,C,r. an arch or. vnult] in Aftronomy, the hlgheft or lowtft point of a planet's orbit, i. e. either in Its apogee, or perigee. APT,' Adj. [from aptus, lat.] fit ; a relative term, implying the fuitaliienefs of a thing to procure fome end ; that which has a tendency to. Ready or quick, applied to the mind A/pTITUDE, S. [Fr.] fitnefs to bring about the defued end ; tendency; propenfity, ATTLY, Adv. [from apt and /j»] with great propriety ; jafliy, or pertinently ; readily or quicklv, "He learnt his bufinel's aptly." A'PTNESS, S. [from apt and nejs'] a relative term, implying the fuiiableiiefs of any means to procure its ^nd. Applied to bodies, tendency; to minds, di pofition, or inclina- tion; to the undeirtanding, quicknefs, facility, or eafe in conceiving. A'PTOTE, S. "[from a, Gr. negative, ■rrlaxrig, a cafij an in' eclinable noun, or fuch ashab no variation of cafes. A'PUS, S. [Lat.] in Aftronomy, the bird of paradife, a conftellaiion in theS.hen-iifphere. A'PYREXY, S. [from a, negative, and TTDjE^ia, Gr. a fever] in Phyfic, the interval between the fits of an intermittent, or the entire ctfidtion of a continual fever. A'QUA, S. [Lat.] water, y^ qua forth, or ftrong wafef, a corrofive liqxior, made by diflilling purified nitre with calcined vitriol, or redlified oil of vitriol, in a ftrong heat. ylqua n:ariiia, aqua tnarim, in natural Kiftory, a precious ftone, which takes its name from its fea-green colour. Aqua mlrabilh, or the wonderful water, is diftilled from fpices, infufe in fpirits of wine, and is a very good cordial. Aqua reg'ia, the royal water, a ftrong corrofive fpirit, v.'hich difiolves fold, and is compoftd of fpiiii of nitre and fpirit of fea fait. Aqua -vifa, or water of life, in a general fenfe, brandy or fpirit of wine ; but in a more confined fenfe, reftrained to that fpirit which is drawn from malt; the other term l/ranJy being appropriated to that which is dr.iwn from wine only. AQUALl'CULUS, S. [a diminutive from aqua, Lat. water] in Anatomy, that part of the belly wiiich leaches from the navel to the pubes. Likewife applied to the flomach, or interna! tube. AQUa'RIUS, S. [ftomaqua, Lat. water] in Aftroncmy, one of the twelve figns in the ecliptic, which the f'jn enters in the beginning of January, and deiivcs its name Iro.m the fup- pofed quantity of ran which falls while the fun is in it. In allufion to which, it is de- fcribed in the Zndlac on globes, in the form of a man inclining on «n um flawing with water. AQUA'TIC,or AQyA'TICK,Adj.[fl^^>2. t'lctii, Lat. horn aqua, water] applied to ani- mals, that which lives in the water. Ap- plied to vegetables, that which grows in the water. A'QUEDUCT, or A'QU/EDUCT, S. [j^r/aj Lat. water, and duBut, Lat. a conduitj a chan- A R A a channel formed of ftone, brick?, or timber, to convey water from one place to another. In Anatomy, this term is applied to a long canal in the os fetiofum. AQUE'OUS, Adj. [from aqua, Lat. waterj watery particles. Jlquecitn humour. See EYE. A/QUILTNE, Adj. [from aquUa, of aqu'i- Irins, Lat, an eagle] refembling an e.gle. Applied to tlie nofe, hooked, or like aa eagle's beak. A'QUOSE, Adj. [from a^j/5/i/j,L3t.]wateryj abounding with particles of water. AQUOSI'TY, S. [from aquofe] waterifh- jiefs ; or the quality fo named from its abound- ing with particles of water. A. R. an abbreviature for Anna rcg'wa, Q^ Anne, or anno regm, in the year of the reign. A'RABIC, S. the tongue of the Arabians, a branch of the Hebrew. Arabic is likewiie applied to a gum, which diftils from a thorny plant in Arabia. A'RABIC, Adj. that which belongs to, or is ufed in Arabia. Arabic cbaracicrs, are the figures which we make ufe of at prefent in arithmetic. A'RABISM, S. {arabifmus, Lat.] a me- thod of expreflion, or idiom peculiar to the Arabs. ARA'BLE, Adj. [from an,, Lat. to plow] that which is fit for plowing, and to produce corn. A'RAC, or ARRAC, S. [pronounced rtick,\ni, implying ftrons waters, or fpirituous liquors] an excellent fpirituous liquor, made by the Chinefe from cocoa, rice, or fugar ; the former of which is the beft: there are two forts imported into England, I'ia. the Goa and Batavia. ARACHNOI'DES, S. [from afaxm, Gr. a fpider, and ei!©^, a form or fiiape] in Anatomy, a fine flcnder tunic, encompafling the cryftalline humour of the eye, which de- rives its name from its refembiing a cobweb. AR.ffiO'METER, S. [from a^at®-, Gr. thin, and fxn^iji, to meafure] in Hydroftatics, an inftrument ufed to difcover the weight or gravity of fluids. AR.^O'STYLE, S. [from ajai©-, Gr. thin, and rf^"^, a column] in Archittdlure, the greateft interval or diftance whicii can be between pillars; which is eight modules, or four diameters, AR.(EO'TICS, S. [from a^Mv, Gr. to rarify] in Pharmacy, medicines which rarify or thin the blood. ARAI'GNEE, [Fr. a fpider] in Fortifi- cation, a branch, return, or gallery of a mine. ARA'NEA TUNICA, S. See ARACH- NOIDES, ARA'NEOUS, Adj. [from aranea, Lat. a cobweb] that which refembles a cobweb. "The avaneoui membrane of the eye." Derham, A R B ARA'NEA, S. [from aranea, Lst. a cobweli] a filver ore found in the mine of Ca- tamito in Potofi, which refembles a cobweb, beinff compofed of threads of pure filver. A'RATORY, Adj. [from aro, Lat. to plow] that which relues to plowing. A'RBITER, S. [Lat.] a perfon chofen by mutual confent between two or more parties, to decide the fiibjedt of their difagret-meiit ; one who is in veiled with a power to decide any difference. " Sole arbiter of the affairs of Chriftendom." "Temple. A'RBITRABLE, Adj. [arbitrcr, Lat.] arbitrary, voluntary j determined purely by the v.'ill, v/ithout regard to any other motives. ARBl'TRAMENT,S,[trom<3;/';.';-jr,Lat.j choice; or the exercife of the will in choofip.g or affenting to any thing, " In thine arbi~ trament it (lands," Par, Lofl, ARBITRA'RILY, Adv. [from arbitrary and /y] in fuch a manner as implies a bare exertion of the will, without any regard to motives or confequences; inaiefpotic, tyran- nical, or abfolute manner. ARBITRA'RIOUS, Adj. [from arbUra- rius, Lat. J depending entirely on the will ; precarious, " No precarious exifience, or arbitrarious dependence on any will." Norris, ARBITRA'RIOUSLY, Adv. [from ar~ bitiarious and /y] arbitrarily; according to the mere and obftinate determination of the will. A'RBITRARY, Adj. {arhltrarlus, Lat.J not reltrained or determined by any law, or reafons ; capricious, poficive, defpotic, and dogmatic. To A'RBITRATE, V.A. [artoror, Lat.] to decide or determine a difference; to judge of. Uled r.euterly, to give judgment, or pro- nounce fentence. ARBITRATION, S. [from arbitror, Lat.J the determination of a caulc by a judge mutually chofen by the parties at difference. ARBITRA'TOR, S. [from arbitratus, Lat.J a perfon chofen by contending parties lo determine a difference between them j a deter- miner. ARBl'TREMENT, S.[from arbii.ror,Ut.] dccifion, or determination pronounced by an umpire ; a compromife. A'RBOR, [Lat.J in Botany, a tree. Ja Mechanics, that part of a machine which fupports the rtfl-; likcv;ife the fpindle or asis on w}:f h a machine turns. A'RBOR PHILOSO'PHICA, S. or the philojOphicat tree, in Chemiftry, that which is formed for metalline cryftallizations, which refemble a tree : of this fort is the Arbor Di- 'inte, formed from 4 precipitation of filver with mercury. Arbor Martis, or ihe /la!- tree, that whith is formtrd from a diflbiution of iron filings in fpirits of nitre. A-bor Porpbyriana, or Porphyry''! tree. In Logic, it it a fcale ot beings, cotififtin:^; of three rows. A'RBOR YITJE, S. or the tiuofllfe, in fiocany. ARC Botany, fo called from its perpetual verdure. Its branches are flattiih, bearing leaves fome- what like the cyprefs, and having white cones at the extremity of the branches. ARBO^REOUS, AJj. [arhoreus, Lat.] belonging to trees. In Botany, a fungus or mofs, whiah grows on trees. ARBO'RIST, S. [arionjfe, Fr. from ar- ior, Lat. a treej a naturalift, who applies himfelf peculiarly to ftudy the nature and cul- tivation of trees, ARBO'ROUS, Adj. [from arior, Lat.] that which is formed of, or be!onf;s to, irees. *' Under a fliady arborous roof." Var. Loft. A'RBOUR, S. [of arbore, Lat. heiberga, Sax. herberghe, Belg. ha berg, Teut. a houl'e. Spelt berber by ChaucerJ a kind of fhady bower, or cabin, formed of the branches of trees, and contrived fo as to admit the air^ and keep off the fuA and rain. ARC, S. [flrcMi, Lat.] a fegment, or part of a circle, not exceeding a lemi-circlej an arch. ARCA'DE, S. [Fr.] a continued arch, or walk, confifting of feveral arches united toge- ther. ARCA/NUM, S. [Lot. in the plural ace- ra] a fecret ; generally applied ;o the noftrum of a quack. ARCH, S. [arcu!, Lat.] the fky. " See this vaulted arch." Shakefp. In Mathematics, part of any curve 'ine, whether it be ellipfis, circle, &c. Aich, in Arrhi'edlure, is a vault, or concave building, bent in the form of an arch of a curve, and is divided into circular, elliptical, and itraight. Circular arches Art cither fuch as are an exa£l lemi-cirtle, or vhoi'e center is in the middle ol a line drawn from one foot to the other, which are called femi-circular a/i'Z>«. E'li}>f'eal arches are thofe vhlch confift of a fcmi ellipfis, and were lor- merly uled inftead of mantle-trees iri chlmiiies. Sira^ght arches have flraight edges, boUi upper a.'nd under parallel; but both tlieir enas and joints pointing towards a certain center, j^rch of a budge is the vaulted Interval between its piers. A tr\ar>:pkal arch\s i gite built with ftone, &c, "aud richly ornamtnced with tro- phies, t3^f To ARCH, V. A. [ercuo, Lat.] to b.iild, or form into arches ; to cover with arches. ARCH, Adj. [from afX'^c, Gr. chief] ufed in ccmpofition, to exprcfs fometj^ing ot the fitft rank, or order, apjlied to digni.y, as arcb^'ijljop : but fomeihing fupeilative, applies to quaniity, as an arihherei'ie, and is pro- Jiouriced A>ft before a confnnant, like ch in choice, but hard before a vowel, like the Greek jj, or as if ihe h was dropped. It fometimes implies a perfon endued wi h a great deal ot low cunning, or tnflingly mifchitvous, *' He had the reputation of an arch lad at fihool." S-w'ff. ARCHIAIO'LOCy, S. [from efX'"'«.Gr. aiuiuit, and X'^^o;, a difcuurfcj a ailcourfe on ARC antiquity; or a treatlfe on the opinion, ^f. of the ancients. ARCH-A'NGEL, S. [from li^x^' ^r. chief, and afyty^, an angel] one of the fu- perior order ot angels. Likewife the name of a plant, named alfo Dead Nettle. ARCH-BE'ACON, S. [from arch and ieacon\ the chief fignal, or place of profpeft. " The Cornifh arch bcaccn.^^ Carezv. ARCHBI'SHOP, S. [arcehifcope, Sax^ of apxj^, Or. chief, and EWtyxow^, an over- fcer, or bifhopj a chief bilhop, or metropo- 1 tan prelate, having under him feveral fuftra- gan bi/liops. ARCHBl'SHOPRIC, S. [from archbljhofi and rifj the dignity, lltte, juriCdidlion, f.r province belonging to an archbilhop. There are two in England, namely, York, and Can- terbury, the prehtes whereof are called pri- mates, and alter fome altercation for fuperio- .y'J'; that of Canterbury was called priinate of •at! England, and that of York, only primate f England. ARCHDE'ACON, S. [archidiaconus, Lat. arcbidiacom, or arcediacone, .Sax.] a prieft, vefted with su'horiry or jurifdiflion over the clergy and laity, next to the bifhop, either through the whole diocefe, or only a part of it. There are fixty in England, who vifit every two years ia three, wherein they en- quire into the reparatisrs 2nd moveables be- or ging to churches, reform abufes, fufpend, excommunicate, in fome places prove wills, and induft ail clerks i: to benefices within their relpp£^ive iurifJif.ion?. AR'.HDEA'CONRY, S. \irom archdea- con and ric, b.ix.] the jurifdi£lion, office, or urovince of an archdeacon. ARCHDEA'CONSHIP.S. [^rom arebde^i- cvn ind J}jip} the office or dignity of an arch- deacon. ARCHDU'CKESS, S. [from arch and duchejje, Fr.] the title of the fifter or daughter ot an archduke. ARCHDUKE, S. [archidux, Lat.] a duke veiled with lome greater privilege, or autho- rity, than others. A'RCHE, S. [from ajx"- ^^i"- *^^ bfg'i- ningj in Medicine, the beginning, fitft period, orfirfl attack, of a difeafe. AR'CHED, Part, [from to arch'] crooked, or bent in the form of an arch. A'RCHER, S. [archer, Fr.] one who fliooin with a bow ; or one who ufcs a bow in battle. A'RCHERY, S. [from archer'^ the art or exercife ot Ihooting with a bow. AR'CHES-COURT, S, [fo called from Bow Church, in London, where it was kept) which likewife received its j>3me from its top being raifed on pillar';, built bo-xv or arch- wilej the chief and moft ancient conflfiory or court of the archbifhop of Canterbury, for debating fpiritual caufes. The judge of the coutt is called I'm dean of the arclus, I ARCIIE. ARC ARCHETY'FE, S, [archety^um, Lat.J the original model, or pattern of any thing. " A man, a tree, arc the outward archetypes, or patterns of our ideas." JVutti's Log. ARCHETY'PAL, Adj. {'iiom archetype] original ; that which has fomething which may fervc as a pattern to copy from. ARCH.ffi'US, S. [from a^^i,, Gr, a prin- ciple] a word ufed by Paracelfus and other chetnifts, to exprefs a principle of motion, the caufe of all the vifible changes and operations ef bodies. ARCHIA'TER, S. [from afX^, Gr, chief, and jarftoj, a phyfician] the chief phy- fician of a prince, or crowned head. ARCHiDIA'CONAL, Adj. [from archi- diaconus, Lat,] that which belongs, or relates to, an archde<icon. ARCHIEPIS'COPAL, Adj. [from archi- epijcjpus, an archbifhop] that which belongs to, oris exercifed by, an archbifliop. ARCHTiMEDES, a Greek, famous for his knowledge of mechanics, and inventor of feve- ral inftruments and machines, which are the wonder even of th s enlightened age. ARCHIPE'LAGO, S. [irom a^x^' ^^^ chief, and WEAan^, a fea] a fea inierrupted with a clufter of iflands ; the .^gean fea is moft commonly meant by this word, though it is a general term ; that of the Caribbees has ia,oco iflands, and that of the Philip- pines, 1 1,000 A'RCHITECT, S, [anhiteausy from aj- J^©-, Gr, chief, and tatlxy, a workman] a perfon fkilled in building ; who draws pbns and rtefigns, conducts the work, and direfts the artificers employed in carrying it on. fi- guratively, any one who is au;hot of any grand undertaking, or contriver of any defign. ARCHITE'CTIVE, Adj. [irom architeB] that which relates to building or architeftnre. ARCHITECTO'NIC, Adj. [from ajp(;'^, Gr. chief, and tek av, an artificer] that wiiich has the power and fkill of an architeft. ARCHIT'ECTURE,S.[arc/f-i/fj?ard,Lat.] the art of building : divided into three bran- €he<;, civil, military, or naval. The civil confifts in cre<^Hnij habitations for men, or temples for worfljip. The military confifts in flrengthening and fortifying places, named fortification. Naval architeBm c, i^^ that which teaches the conllruftion of fhips, or vefTe's floating on the water, anJ is named fliip- building. A'RCHITRAVE, S. [from aj^^ Gr. chief, and trabi, Lat. 3 beam] in rtichitcc- ture, the lowed member oi the cntabl.iture, which lies immediately upon thecjpital. In Timber-building, it is ftiled tiie leifon-piece, or mafl-er beam. In chimnle^, the mantle- piece ; and over jambs of dxnf, or windows, hyperthyron. ARCHIVAU'LT, . - chhoUe, ! r. from srcus, Lat. an arch, and iwluius, volute] in Architefturc, ths inward wntour of an arch j ARE or a band adorned with mouldings running over the faces of the arch ftones, and bearing on the impofts. ARCHIVES, S. [it has no fingular, from anhi-ja, Lat. oi area, a cheflj the places wherein records, or ancient manufcripta are preferved. Figuratively, the records and ma- .^ufcripts themfelve?. A'RCHON, S. [aix,<^y,GT.'] m Antiquity, the chief magiftrate at Athens. ARCH-TREA'SURER, S. [from avcb and treaft/rer] the great treafuret of the Ger- man empire. A'RCHWISE, Adv. [from arch and "ujlfe, from ghUje, Teut, a fhape] in the ihape or form of ?n a'-ch. ARCILB'UTO, S, [Ital.] In Mufic, a long and large lute, with brafs firings, like a theorbo, having each row double, with an oftave or unifon, ufed by Italians for a tho- rough baf?. A'RCTIC, Adj [from a^xl^^ Gr. a kear, ihe name of the northern conftslhuionj nor- thern; Lying under, or near the north ftar, c-^lled ^r^os. Ar£itc circle, a lefl'er circle of the fphere, parallel to the equinoitial, and 66 deg. 30 min. diftant from it towards the north pole. ARCTU'RUS, S. [from ajXTsj, Gr. a bear, and am^, a tail, becaufe fituated near the tail of the Great Bear] a fi,>ced (lar oi the firft magnitude in the conftellation Bootes. Lat. 30 deg. 57 min. N. Long. 19 deg, 55 min, 52 fee. of Libra, according to Flacn- ftead. A'RCUATE, Adj. [from arcuatus, Lat.] bent in the form of an arch. ARCUA'TION, S. [from arcuo, Lat. to bend] the a£l of bending any thing; the ftate of being bent. In Surgery, a bending of the bones, which appears in the cafe of the rick- e s; the protuberance of the fore parts of the body, with the bending of the bones of tiie ftcrnum. In Gardening, the method of raifing tree? by layers. A'RDENCY, S. [from ardent] applied to ;he affcftions, warmth; applied to ftudy, ac- tivity. A'RDENT, Adj. [arderts, Part. Lat. from ardf), to Djrnj applied to the qualities of boJy, hot, burning, infl<iming ; applied to thofe of the mind, fierce, vehement, violentjpaflionate, infl .med. A'RDEMTLY, Adv, [from ardent and lyl wariTily. eagerly, paffionately. A'RDOR, S. [Lat. wrote ardour fomc- timcs, as derived from ardcur, Fr.] heat ap- plied to the quality o: body ; warnoth, violence ot affi'f^ion, applied to the mind. A'RDUOaS, Adj. [arduus, Lat] a thing which is both lofty and difficult to afcend. Figuratively, fomething vvhich is both im))or- tant, fublimc, and difficult to compr.hend. ARE, the third perfon plural of the verb api, ufed when we f^ea}; of two or more per- f«ns A tl G fons, and feems to be derived from ihe'r, eru, the third perfon pluial of eg, er, Icel. En/, is likewife the third perfon pluril, Runic, ^re is likewife in Miific, applied by GuidoRheni to the loweft note in his fcale or gamiir. A'REA, S. [Lat.J the furface contained between any lines or limits. Any fuif^ce, fuch as the floor of a room, the vacant part or ftage of an amphitheatre. In Geometry, the fpace contained vifithin the lines bounding it, reckoned in tlie fquare part of any niea- fure. In Phvfic, it is afpecics of the Alepecia. AREFA'CTION, S. [from arefacic, Lat.] the aft of making tliy, or the fiate of drying. ARENA'CEOUS, Adj.' [horn arena, Lat. fand] compofed of fand ; fandy. ARENA'TION, b. [from arena, Lat ] in Medicine, a dry bath, wherein the patient fits with his feet upon hot fand, and has it caft upon different parts of his body, ARENO'SE, Adj. [from' areni, Lat.] fandy, or abounding with fand. AREOSrULOUS, Adj. [a diminutive from arena, Lat,] confifting of Imall fand. ARCO'LA, S. [Lac] in Anatomy, the coloured circle furronnding the nipple. AREO'PAGUS, S. [from A,:'^, Gr. for Mars, and •jiay'^, a hill or plain, an emi- nence] a tribunal belonging to Athens, re- markable for the integrity of iheir decifions who fat in the oppn air in the night time. ARE0T0'L0GY,S. [iron ajsru, Gr. vir- tue, and \oy@^, a difcourle] a treatife on vir- tue i called likewife Ethics, or Moral Philo- fophv. A'RGAL, or AR.GOL, S. the hard lees flicking to the lides of wine velTels, called Taitar. A'RGENT, Adj. [from argentum, Lat. lilver] that which refembles filver ; filvered. In Heraldry, the white colour in the arms of gentry ; exprefTed by engravers by a total omil- fion of lines in a fhield. ARGENTA'TION, S. [from arg^ntwn, Lat.j ,the overlaying a thing with fiiver; or the covering any body with a thin or tliick plate of filver; filvering. A'RGIL, S. \argiUa, Lat.] potter's clay. ARGILLA'CEOUS, Adj. [of argVla, Lat.] of the nature of potter's clay. ARGI'LLOUS, Adj [from argU] confift- ing of clay; of the nature of clay. " Sand and arg'illoui eaith." Brci.un'i V'ulg. Err. A'RGO, S. [Gr.] in Antiquity, the fhip wherein the Argonauts performed their famous expedition. In Aflronomy, a fouthern con- ftellation of fixed ftars. AR'GONAUTS, S. a company of liluf- trious Greeks who attended Jafon in hi: expedition to fetch the golden fleece from Colchis. To ARGUE, V. N. \argito, Lat,] to evince the truth or faifiiood of any thing by proofs. Fi'^uratively, to perfuade ; to bring leafons for or agavf, \ to plead; or handle; A R I to debate. " To argue a caufe." To infef^ i.T allufion to the deduftions of reafon. " So many laws argue fo many fins." Par. hoft. To charge, or prove by rational confequence. A'RGUER, S. [irom argus\ one who akes ufe of realons in order to evince any truth, or rails conviftion in the mind of an- other ; a reafoner ; a difputer. A'RGUMENT, S. [from argumentum, Lat.] a reafon brought to prove, or difprove any tl;ing ; the fubjeft of any difcourfe or writing; a concife view of the heads of any difcoaife. In Law, a caufe, debate, or fuit ; a controverfy. In Rhetoric, a prob^ible rea- fon aUedged to gain belief. In Allronomy, an arch, by which we feek another propor- tional to thefirft. ARGUME'NTAL, Adj. [from argtment'] that '.vhich is formed upon the deduftions of realon ; belonging to argument; reafoning. ARGUMENTA'TION', S. [from argu- ;«e;;f] the evincing the truth or falftiood of any propofiton by reafoning ; the aft or efteft of reafoning. ARGUMENT A'TIVE, Adj. [from argu- ment'] confifting of argument, or the deduc- tions of reafon; containing reafons. A'RIA, S, [Ital,] in Mufic, an air, a fong, a tune or a lelTon. A'RIAN, Adj. [from Arius, the founder] belonging to, or maintained by Arius. Ufed fubftantively for one of the feft of Arius, a prefbyter in 320, who held, that Chrift, though the Word, was inferior to the Father, with refpeft to his Deity, feff. A'RiANiSM, S. [from Ariari] the prin- ciples maintained by the Arians. ARI'DITY, S. [ariditas, L.t.] a want of mnifture, or drynefs. In Divinity, a ftate of infenlibility, or want of ardency in devo- tion. " The greatefl aridities and dejec- tions." Norrii. A'RIES, S, [Lat.] in Aftronomy, a con- ftellation of fixed ftars, the firft of the twelve f.^ns in the zodiac which the fun enters ; hie- ro3lyphically reprefcnted by the ram, becaufe it is tiien the teeming time for that kind of animal. To A'RIETATE, V. N. [arleto, Lat.] to butt, or to attack with the head, like 3 ram. ARIETA'TION, S. [from arieio, Lat.] the aft of butting like a ram ; the attacking with a battering ram; the collifion of pir- ticles with each other. " Tumultuary mo- tions and arieialions of other particles." GlanvH. ARI'GHT, Adv. [from a expletive, and rigbi', of yi/;t, Sax.] truly, judly, or confiftent with law ; properly, or in fu^h a manner as to atta n the delired end. " Direft my dart aright,'''' Dryd. To ARI'SE, V. N. [its Pret. arofe, Part. arijen\ from ar'ijan. Sax. ri'ifen, Belg. re'iffr, D,in.] to afte.adj n^ove uf wards from the earth % ARM earth ; to get up as from fleep ; to change the pofture from fitting or ftanding; to come in view; to become vifible ; to ccme out of the grave ; to flow or proceed from. ARISTOCRACY, S. [from a^ir^, Gr. the beft, or greaie'V, applied to dignity, and upcLTiaj, Gr. to govern, or ru!ej in Politics, a forno of government ^^'her^in the lupreme power is loifged in the nobility. ARISTOCRA'TICAL, Adj. [from an^^o- crijcy] that which partakes of ariftocracy, or includes a government adm'nillered only by nobles. ARISTOCRATIC A'LNESS, S. [from artflecratical Ani nf/i]thatquality which makes a government refemble an ariftocracy. ARISTOLO'CHIA, S. [Lat. from ap(r2>', Cr. and ^ox"*> if* Botany, binhwortj of which there are three fpecies. ARISTO'TLE, S. the fon of Nicoma- chus, born at Stagyra, in tlie 348th year be- fore Chiin, a difciple of Plato, whofs tenets he afterwards oppofed, and founded another fe£l:, called the Peripatetic, from his prac- tice of philofophizing walking; his know- ledge was univerfai, but his opinions errone- ous ; however, they were reckoned for ages the ftandard of truth, till our great country- man. Sir Ifaac Newton, deftroyed his phy- fics, and Mr. Locke exploded his metaphvfics. ARISTOTE'LIAN, Adj. [from Arijiotli} agreeable to the doftrine of Ariftotle. ARFTHJVIETIC, S. [from ap.Sy.o?, Gr. number] in Mathematics, the art of number- ing, calculating, or computing with exaft- nefs and eafe ; or the method of finding, from certain numbers given, others, whofe relation with the given numbers is. known. ARITHMETICAL, Adj. [from arithme- tic^ that which is performed by numbers, or agreeable to fome rule in arithmetic. ARITHMET'ICALLY,Adv. [from ariih- TKetlca! and Ij^ that which is performed ac- cording to fome rule of arithmetic, and con- fjfts of figures. ARK, S. [from area, Lat. a cheft] a cheft, or coffer, applied in Scripture, to the vehicle in which iVIoiVs was expofed in the Nile j the cheft whersin the two tabhs of the covenant, the pot of manna, and Aaron's rod, were kept. But more particularly the veflel built by Noah, to preferve himfelf, family, and the whole race of terteftrial and aerial ani- mals, from the flood, ARM, S. [earm, eorm. Sax. arm, Dan. Belg. and Teut.J the member, or limb, which reaches from the fhoulder to the hand; but more properly, according to anatomifls, begin- ning at the flioulder, and en.^ing iit the elbow. Figuratively, the branch of -a tree. In Statics, that part of a bc.im which reaches from the center, or point, where it is hung, to the end. In Geography, a branch of the fca, which runs Into the land. •A R M To ARM, V. A. [armo, Lat.j to fur- nifh with weapons ; to cap, cafe, or cover with metal, applied to the load ftone, or the (hoes of a horfe. To ARM, V. N. to. take arms; to be provided apair.ft any attack, either of an ene- my Or cafualty. ARMA'DA, S. [Span.] a fleet of men of war, applied by way of eminence tn that great one fitted cut by the Spaniards, with an inten- tion to conquer this iflan(J, in 1588. ARMAD'ILLO, S. [Span.] a four-footed animal of the Brazils. A/RMaMENT, S. {a-manc:ituin, Lat.] any place wherein ar.Tis are placed; great pro- vifions of military ftores. Figu'-ativcly, an army, but moft commonly applied to a fleet of men of war. A RMAN, S. among Farriers, a fonfec- tion for reftoring a loft appetite. A'R MATURE, S. [annMura, Lat.] a m:litary drefs to defend the body from the attack of an enemy in bat;le ; any thing to defend the body from external in- juries. A'R MED, Adj. [from ann] in Heraldry, ppplied to beafts and birds of prey, when their teeth, horns, feet, beak, talons, or tuiks iSfc. are of a different colour.; as, " A falcon armed". Armed chair, an elbow chair, or one which has refts for the arms, or elbows. A'RMAGAUNT, Adj. [from arm and gaunt, ior geiv ant, of ge^uanuiar., Sax. to con- lume, or grow Jefs] flcoder or ftarved. " An arma'Taiint ftfed." 6hakefp, ' ARMI'GER, S. [Lat.] an efquire ; one '.hat bears arms. AR'MILLARY, Adj. [from armVla, Lat.] fomething that is circular, in allufion to the furrounding of a bracelet, Arm'dlary j'bhere, is compofed ot fever^l brafs circle?, which re- prefent thofe of the horizon, meiidian, eclip- tic, Gff. drawn on the globe. A'RMINGS, S. [plural] in a flilp, are white, or red cloths hung fore and aft on the outfide of a Aip ; thofe on the tops are named to-p arntings. ARMl'NIANS, S. [from Aminlusl the followers of Arminius, a famous minifter at Amfterdam; who, in the j6th century, fepa- rated from the Calvinifts, holding, that prcdef- tination was not abfolute, but conditional j that Chrift h.ith not only redeemed all, but that there is an univerfal grace given to all mankind; that grace is not an irrefiftible principle ; that man is a free agent, always at liberty to obey all the motions of the Holy Ghoft, or refift them ; that with refpeil to perfeverance, a man may, afier juftification, fall into ntw crimes. ARMI'POTENCE, S. [from arma, Lat. arms, and potentla, Lat. power] power, or powerfulnefs in war. ARMKPOTEN'T, Adj. {arm'>i>cten,, Lat.] powrrftil. A R P fewerful, or ftrong in the field, in arms, or at war AR'MISTICE, S. {armifihtum, Lat. of ar- rua, Lat, arms, ix\6JiJio, to ftopj a fhort trnce OT a ceffation from arms for a fhort time. A'RMLET, S. [diminutive from arm] a fmall arm of the fea. Figuratively, a brace- let, or fome ornament worn on the arm. *' What rings and armkti flie can find." J)cnr.(. ARMO'RIAL, Adj. [from tfr/nor, Lat.] that which belongs to the coat or efcuichion ofatamily. " Enfigns rtrn.orLt/." AR'MOUR, S. [aryy.ure, Fr.] a cover for the body, to defend it from the inftruments of war ; w;irli!fe harnef'. ARMO'URER, S. rarw5r;V,Fr.] one wlio makes, forges, or fells armour j one who drefl'es anothrr in armour. AR'MOURY, .S. [a'-molr:, Fr.] a place where arms are kejt. Figuratively, arms *' CeUftial armoury." Par. Lofl. An enfign, efcutcheon, <'r f.imilv coat. ARMOUR^BEA'RER, S. [from arm and hecr'\ he that cauies the arms of another. In Romances, a knijhi's efquire. ARMS, S. [not ufed in tlie fingular, arK:a, Lat. J all kinds of weapons, whether often five or det'enfive. Figuratively, a ftate o\ h f- tility between two nations; war, " 'To arms, to arms, to arrrs.'''' Jn Heraldry, the bridges of diftin£\ion, efcutcheons, or other marks ot honour, given by iovereigns, and borne on banner;, Oiields, or coats. ATIMY, S. [armee, Fr.] a colleftion of jmen arnae.H, commanded by their proper ot- ficeis. Figuratively, a g'eat number. " An <fr;jni of good words." ^hakfjfi. AROMA'TIC, 7.ndj. picey; fragrant; AROMATIC AL, 3 ftrong-fcenied, or Imcl- ling like fpices, AROMA'TICS, S. [not ufed in the fingu- lar] I'pires, or any ftrong- fcented, fragrant, or high-ta(fcd body A'RQUEBUSE, S, a hand gun, carabine^ fufce, or calivcr. A'RQUEBUSIER, S. [from arijuehufe at\\ f/-] one wh.o carries, or makes ufc of, an ar- quebufe. A'RRACK, S. SeeARAc. To ARRAIGN, V. A, [arranger, Fr.J in Law, to ft a ihing in order, or fit it for a trial. Applied to writings, to inciclj to ac- cufe; to charge with crimes, " Arraign you for want of knowleine " Dryil. ARRAI'GNMENT, S. [from arrairg] the aft of trying a perfon upon a.T indi£\ment, accufation, or charge. To ARRA'NGE, V, A. [an anger, Yt.?^ to difpofe, or put in order, including the fe- condary idea of art, or skill. ARRA'NGEMENT, S, [from arrange'] the aft of putting or placing thingc into order, including the idea of fkill, art, or ipdgment. A'RR.4.NT, Adj, [from «rJ-<j^/, Fr.J n3- toriouf, infamous. A'RRANTLY, A^-v. [from arrant and y>] in a notorious, infamous, or ihameful man- ner. ARR A'Y, S. [See the verb] the order in whirh an army is drawn up to give battle; drefs, or external ornaments. In Law, ihe ranking or placing a jury in proper order. To ARRA'Y, V. A. [from array, Fr. of array, raye, Teuf, order] in Military aflairs, to place an army in proper order to engage. To deck, embellifh, or .idorn with drefs, ARRA'YER, S. [from arr^y and er] of- fice's that had the care of foldiers, and faiY that they were properly accoutred. ARRE'AR, S. [from arrkre, Fr. behind] that which remains unpaid. Applied to rent, it fign fies that which has beendue/ome time, and is not difcharged. ARREST, S. [from arref.er, Fr, to ftop] in Lnw, the leizinj^, or apprehending a man, thereby depriving him of hif liberty by legal procefs, either for debt, or ariy ofience againll To AROM.VTISE, V. A, [from aroma, i the law ; a flopping or reflraint trom proceed- Lat.] to mix or fcent with fpices. Figura tively, to make any thing agreeable, which in i'.s own nature would be loathfome, " As though aromatized by their converfion.'" Brcwr:, AROU'ND, Adv. [a la ronde, Fr. rur.dt. Dan. in a circle ; in a circular manner ; on all fides. Ufed as a prepofition, enciicling ; encompaffing ; round about. *^ Aro:-nd his brows." Dryd. To A'ROUSE, V. A. [from a and roufe, of arcyier, Dan. ox arljen. Sax.] to wake from fleep ; or excite an iniolent perfon to a£lion j to rajfe up ; to (limulare. ARPE'GGIO, S. [Ital.] in Mnfic, the jnaking the notes of a chord to be heard di- f inftly one after another, by a purling or rolling of the hand on flringed inftnuneirs, beginning at the lovrcft note, and tifing gra- dually upwards. ing in an undertaking. To ARRE'ST, V. A. [frcm arrejler, Fr.] to apprchena by virtue of a writ from a court ofjuftice; tofeizeany thing by law ; to feize upon; to flop, with-hold, or bindj to flop a body in motion. __ ARRE'T, S. [arret, Fr.] the decifion of a fovereign court, or court of judicatuie ; refem- blinjr out afts of parliament. ARRETED, Adj. [from arre^cUus, "Livr Lat.] in Law, imputed or l.iid to, applied to one that is biought, and charged with a crime, before a judge. ARRIE'RE-FIEF, S [Fr.] a fief depen- dent on another. Arritre vajjal is the vafl'al of avaffal. ARRI'VAL, S. [from arrii'e'] the coming to any place, either by lea or land, Figuta- tivelv, the attainment cf :ny defjgn. ARRl'VAKCE, S. [from anl-ve} com- ART par.y expefled to come. " ExpeSancy of more' arrivance." Shaftefp, To ARRI'VE, V, A. [from aniver, Fr. to come to Aore] to come to any place by water or land. Figuratively, to attain, or come to. AR'ROGANCE, or ARROGANCY, S. l^from arr'-gantla, Lat.] the alluming or claim- ing to one's fell more honour or merit, than IS properly our due. AR'ROG ANT, Part, [from arrogar.s,P3it. of arrogo, Lat.J felf-conceited ; haughty. AR'ROGANTLY, Adj. [(rom arrogant, and /y] in an arrogant, felf-conceiced, or haughty manner. To AR'ROGATE, V. A. [from arroga- tum, fupine of arrogo, Lat.] to lay claim to a thing or quality which does not belong to us. " Arrogated to herlelf." Til.'ot. "Arrogated unto themfdves.^' Raleigh. ARRO'NDIE, Adv. [of arrondir, Fr.] in Heraldry, according to Diederot, the making things appear in relief hy proper fhades. AR'ROW, S. [arzc, Sax. jam, Span.] a (lender piece of round wood pointed, barbed, and fliot out of a bow ; diftinguiflied from a flart, becaufe that wasvthrown by the hand. Arroiv-head, is a Iharp point of an arrow, which was ufually armed with fteel. AR'ROWY, Adj. [from arroiu] confifting of arrows. " Sharp fleet oi arrowy ffaow'r.' Par. Loft. Seldom ufed. ARSE, S. [ean, Sax. aers, eers, Beig. arfx, Teut.] the pofteriors. Figuratively, the hind part of any thing ; as, " The cart's arfe,^' To hitng an arje, a low phrafe, to loiier or ftay behind ; to bs fluggi/h or tardy. " The other would not hang an arfc.'" Hud. ARSE-SMART, S. [fo called from its aflefting the pofteriors with exquifite p-^in when applied to them] in Botany, the fnji- caria. AR'SENAL, S. [arfcnal, Fr. arfenrJe, Ital.] a royal or public magazine j or place wherein all warlike ilores are kept, or forged. ARSE'NIC, S, [cxjcTEv.xcv, Gr. f,om a^^rv, or a^j-r,Vj a man or male, and rixxa:, to Cv.n- quer or kill ) in Natural Kiilory, a ponde- rous, volatile, uninflammable, minsral fub- ftar.ce which gives whittnefs to metals by infufion, but dedroys their malleability, is extremely torrofive, cauftic, and a ftjong poifon. ARSE'NICAL, Adj. [frr.m arfcnic] con- flfling, or having the properties of arfenic. ART, S. [art, Fr. of ars, Lat.] an ab- flraft or mctJphyTic-l term, implying a col- Icftion of certain rules from obfeivation and experience, by which any thing may be per- foimed, or any end obtained ; aifiinguifhed from fcience by its object. If the obj.-ft be attended by the application of rules, or re- quire practice, then it is an <irf j bu: if con- templated only with refpefl to its difierent »i)i>e4raiKes, the colkdUon of obfcivationsre- ART latlve thereto is a fdc.cs. But thefe terms being ufed promifcuoufjy by authors, for want of affixing certain ideas to their words,the word art is fometimes ufed for fomething acquired, in oppofition to that which is implanted by nature. A trade ; ctmning ; artfulnefs ; fpe- culation. We have like wife the divificn of srts into liberal and mechanic. The. liberal arts, are thofe which confift in the at)plication, or exercifeof the mind ; the n.-fi&ijn/f, thofe which confift in the exercife of the body, or h.ind, and make ufe of machines to .ittain their ends. ARTE'RIAL, Adj. [from artery^ that which belongs to, or is contained in, an artery. ARTERIO'TOMY, S. ajTujioTo.uia, Gr. from ajTC/fitt, and T£/.tvi), to cut] in Surgery, the opening an artery with a lancet, in order to draw blood from thence. A'RTERY, S. [arteria, Lat. of asj, Gr. and To^Sii, to keep] in Anatomy, a membrana- ceous, elaftic, conical tube, internally fmooth, without valves, which dccreafes in its dimen- fion, in proportion to the number of its bran- ches, deftined to receive the blood frooi the heart, and to diftrlbute it to the lungs, and other parts of the body; tiiat which has its origin from the right ventricle of the heart, is caJled the pulmonary artery, and that whicli rifes from the left, the aorta. A'RTFUL, Adj. [from art and full] per- formed according to the rules of ait, including the idea of skill, judgment, or wifdom. ARTFULLY, Adv. [from artful and /v] In fuch a manner as ihews a deal of cunning or skill. A'RTFULNESS, S. {ftomartfuUnA nefs] the quality of performing any thing with skill, or the attaining an end by running. ARTHRI'TIC,orARTHRITJCAL,Adj; [from aS^iTij, Gr.] gouty; or occafioned by the gout ; that which has fomething like Joints, " They have artbritical analogies." Broiun''s Vu!g. Err, ARTHRI'TIS, S. [from a^9av, Gr. a joint] in Phyfic, a difeafe which aft'ctls the joints; the gout. A^'RTICHOKE, S. {a'tickaut, Fr, arti- choca, Span, arrifchcck, Teut.] in Botany, ihe cincra. Linnaus ranges it in tbeivi* fe£l. of his 19th clais. There are three fpecies. The truit is like the cone of a piuc~ tree. A'RTICLE, S. [o( articulus, Lat, a joint] in Grammar, a word fet belore a fubllantive, to diftinguifti and limit its fignification. la Englifh, we ufe two forts, the definite, and indefinite, /I is the inJcfinite, and rU defi- nite. We ufe them betore a fubftantive, a» a man, but not before a.'ieflives, udIcIs whea they are folluwed by a fubft.intive, as a ivift minifter. Bui when juii, -.vha!, as, ami Jo, come before a fubftantive, the atticie is placed between them ; a, Ju(h a man ; ivhat a fool ; fo li'tle a coal ; as greit a comman- der as Wcli'e. They are not fet b«fore prc- H nouns. ART jiouni, unlefs they include a fubftantive in them. They are not put before nouns ufed in a general fenfe, particular names ot virtues, metals, or proper names, unkfs they are ufed as appellatives, or feme fubrtantive is underftood ; as 'The Norwich, i. t, the JJy.p Norwich. Ihe Thames, the word ri-ver being underftood. The word urtkfe llkewife implies the heads of a difcourfe, or the different fubje£\5 it treats of. In Commerce, a lingle tranfaftion, thing, or parcel in an ac- count. To A'RTICLE, V. N. [See ARTICLE the noun] to make conditions, or terms ; to ftipulate; to bind or oblige a perfon to ferve another under certain conditions. " He ar- ticled him for three yea.s." " rie was an ar- ticled cleric." ARTl'CULAR, Adj. [Uom artkulus^.it.] a joint] in Phyfic, a difeale which afFeCb the i'linff. ARTI'CULATE, Adj. [from anlculus, Lar.] in its primary fenfe, applied to bodies which are joined together, and may be bent without being pulled afunder. Applied to the voice, it implies, that its founds are iJiftinft and varied, but connefted together, io as to form words. To ARTl'CULATE, V. A. {artkuhr, Fr,] to pronounce fyllables, or words, in a diftmft manner. ARTl'CULATELY, A.^v. [from artku- late and /)•] in fuch a manner as to pronounce the fyllables of words diftii'.ftly. ARTICULATION, S. [from artkula'.e] in Anatomy, the jimtture of two bones in furh a manner, that tliey may be bent without being pulled afunder. Applied to the voice, the modulations and vatimons of the voice, vbich are fo conne£led as to form fylhblcs or words, A'RTIFICE, S. [arnfce, Fr. artifcium, Lat. an indirect method of attaining one's end ; a pretence, ftratagem, fraud, or contri- vance. ARTIFI'CIAL, Adj. {art\fckl, Fr.] fomething made by art, in oppolition to the produflions of nature; fomething counterfeit. Artificial lint!, are thofe which are drawn upon a fciftor, or fcale, to reprefent fines and tangents. ARTIFI'CIALLY, Aiv. [from artifdal, and ly] in an artful, cunning, crafty, or ikilful manner. ARTI'LLERV, S. [a plural noun, arril- itrie, Fr. from artiiUr , Fr. to furnilb with arms] the heavy engines of war, fuch as cannon, bombs. &fc- In a general fenfe, any weapons ufed in battle. A'RTISAN, S. [Fr.] prop»rly .ipplied to thofe profefliirs of tiadef, which rcijuire the leaft exercife of the underflanding j alow mechanic, manvifa^ute', or tradefman, A'RTIST, S. [.i'/i,'?f, Fr. J one who excels to thofe arts which rc^uue good naiutal parts \ A S C or one who underftands both the theory and pra(flice of the art which he profefTet. A'RTLESS, Adj. [from art and /f/i] without art, defign, craft, or cunning. A'RTLESSLY, Adv. [from artkfi and ly'] in'a fimple, innocent, and undefigning manner. AS, Conjunft, [ah. Teut.] referring to an aflion, or time pad, in the fame manner ; when it anfwers fo, or fuch, it is ufed for that. " So uncertain, as they require a great deal of examination," Bac. In a particular refpefl: j as far as a particular relation extends j like, or of the fame kind. By an ellipfis, for ai if. Referring to the prefent time, it implies lomething done, during that particular aftion, at the fame time. " Whittled as he went." Dryd. According to, or in what manner. " Ai they pleafe." BoyU. Anfwer- ing to, like, or fame, it is ufed as -a relative, and implies which. " The fame crime, as he committed." When at the beginning of two (entences immediately following each other, it denotes a likenefs or comparifon between them. Anfwering fo, it implies condition, or the fame manner. " Some peculiarity as ivell as his face," Locke. A'SAPH. St, S, the name of a city in Flintfhire, in North Wales, on the conflu- ence of the rivers Cluyd and Elwy, thence called in Welch Lhan Elwy ; but it takes its name from St. Afaph, who was governor of a monaftery in this place. It has a fmall market on Saturday, and is 159 computed, or 212 meafured miles from London. Lat. 53 deg. 18 min. N, Long. 3 deg, 30 min, W. ASBE'STINE, Adj. [from cl^t'ito:, Or.] fomething which cannot be dcftroved bv fire, t ASCA'RIDES, S, [from ae-na'cy^x, 'Ct. to leap] fmall, white, round, and fhort worms. To ASCE'NU, V. N. [afcend'', Lat.) to rife upwards from the earth- figuratively, to advance fiom any degree of knowledge to another. In Gsnealogy, to trace a pedigree backwards towards its firfl founders. ASCE'NDABLE, Adj. [from afcer-I a^r.i able; of deal. Sax. poflibility, or power] that which mav be afcended. ASCE'NDANT, S. [from afcir.Jant, Fr.] in Morality, fuperiority or influence, whereby one man or thing unreafonably blaffes or tyrannizes over another. In Aftrology, the horofcope, or degree of the ecliptic, which rifes above the horizon at a perfon's birth. Figurativi'ly, the greateft height cr perfeftion. In Genealogy, anceftors, or thofe neared the root of a pedigree. Ufed adjffctively, for fomething fuperior to, or intiuencing another. ASCE'NDENCY, S. [from afcerdanr] a bias; an undue influence, or fuperiority, ASCE'NDENS, Part, [from ufcerdo,] in Anatomy, thofe parts which carry the blood or fluids upwards, or towards the head. Sec ASCi,NDJNG. ASCE'ND- A S C" ASCZ'NDING, Parr, [from afccndens, Lat,] going upwards from the earth. Jn Aftronotny, thofe degrees, or ftars, which are above the horizon. The ajcendlng node of a planet, is that point of its orbit, wherein it is found in its motion towards the north. ASCE'NSiON, S. [from afanjio, Lat.] a motion upwards. In Divinity, the miraculous afcent oi our Saviour, wlien he went to heaven in the figiit oi his apoftles. /ijcenf.on, in ."Vftionomy, is eiiher right or oblique. The difference between n^ht and o''li:jue afcenfijn, js what the aflronomers mean by ajccnjional diffiienci. This name is hkewife given to an illand in the Atlantic, lat, 7 deg. 5 min. S. and long. 17 deg. 20 min. W. from its being difcovered on jifcenfior. day. ASCE'NSIVE, Adj. [tro-n ajcenfus, Lat.] that which is in motion upwards ; that which is in a rlfjne ftare. ASCE'NT, S. [from afcenfus, Lat.] tnotion Upwards; (he plate by wJiicli an eminence may be climbed. Figuratively, a high place or em.nence. In Piiyfics, the afrent of fluids is their rifing above the level of their own furfaces, £fc. In Logic, a kind of argu- ment, wherein we rife from particulars to uni- verf.ils. To ASCERTA'iN, V. A. laartener, Ft.] to determine the fignification ot any word ; to take away all oonbt. ASCERTA'iNER, S. [from afceria!>! and <r] one who limits or determines ths fignifica- tion of a do btful exprefiion. ASCERTA'INMENT, S. [from a/certain] the determining the fignification of a doubtful Cxpreflion ; a fettleJ rule or flandard. ASCE'TIC, Adj. [acriin1a'S>^, Gr.] em- ployed only in cxercifcs of devotion and mortification. ASCETIC, S. [from aanBv, Gr. to la hour or exercifej |one who praftifes a greater degree of auilcrny and mortification than others. ASCII, S. [from a negative, and s-nia, Gr, a ihadowj in Geography, thole inhabi- tants of the torri--zone, who have no (hadow at lertain times of the year, beeaufe the fun is then vertical, or ihines perpendicularly en their heads. ASCl'TES. 3. [from a^Ko?, Gr. a bottle] in Medicine, a kind of dropfy, which princi- pally affects the abdomen, or lower belly, and is remedifd by lapping. ASCITIC, A.ij. [from afciiei] caufed by i'n afcites ; dropfica!, or refembling an aicites. ASCITI'TIOUS, Adj. [from afcititius, Lat. J that which is counterfeit or fpurious. ASCLE'FIAD, S- V^^o^ Ajdepim, its invciitorj a fpecics of Greek and Latin poe- try, confilting of four tset, the lirlf of which is a fponfier, the fc;:ond and third a chon- ambus, and the lourth a pyirichius ; or the firit a fponoee, ths lecoiia d d^ityl, ;iie thltd A S I 3 creftira, cr long fyllable, and the fcntth aSd fifth a da£lvl. Such" is the ift ode of lib. i» of H.r. To ASCRIBE, V. A.. [from afc/ibo, Lat.] to deduce from as a caufe j to attribute to } to impure. ASW, S. [from afce, ^fc. S.i>:. c/, Dan. efi-h, Belg.] in Bota')y, the frdxinus. It hag pcnnated leaves ending in a lobe. Its male rtoweis have no petals; and the permen has one feed like a bird's tongue, yjjh-cokured'n that which is between brown and grey, like the bark of the ajh. ASHA'MED, Adj. [from a zni Jhame] to bcconfcious of having done fomething which a perfon may find fault with. A'SHEN, Acij. [from apj and en, fignl- fying the materials of v/hich any thing is made, from en, Sax.] made of aOi, or afti- wooJ. A'SHES, S. [has no fingulsr. Afa, abfe, ahfan, or afca, Sax. afgo, Goth, ajka, Ifl, ajche, Belg J that fubltjnce which bodies are reduced to by burning. The corpfe or remains of a d-aJ perfon, in allufion to the ancient cuftom cf burning the dead. Afh^ Wednesday, the firft day of Lent, fo called 'rem the cuRom of the ancient Chriftians ■prinklinp afoti on their heads. A'SHLAR, S. in Mafonry, free-ftones, ps they come out of the quarry, of different lengths, breadths, and thicknefs. A'SKLERING, S. [from ajhlar\ in Build- ing, quartering to, tacked to, in ganets, about two feet and a quarter or three feet high frooi the floor, and reaching to the rafters. ASHO'RE, Adj. [from a ^nAp'.ie] to the (Tiore, on land, or to the land. A'SHV, Adj. [from aJh] refenlbliiig the ifii in colour, or of a whitilh grey; A'SIA, S. (Lit. J one of tiie tour general quarters into which the terrjqucoiis globe is connmonly divided ; and it is in all relpe6ts al- lowc'd to be by far the muft cotiTider^ble parC of the whole worl ! : for here God pluited the garden of EJen, in which he placed the firft man and woman, Adam and Eve, from whorn the I ell of mankind were to fpring. Attet the deffrudion of the world by the flood, Afia became tne nurlery from which Nnati's dclcen* dant's difleminated various colon'es into all the other parts of the globe. In Afia was the del.j^htlul Canaan, wlu-re God planted his lavourite nation th^- Hebrtws. Hr:re it WiS that the iUipcn.lous work of our redemption was acconiplilhed by his aivine Son Jel'us Chrift : hence the benign light ot the go'pei was cariifd hy his difciples and tollowers into all nations, ditl'ufiog itfclf into the remoteft parts J here the foundation c«f the firll Chrift- lan churches vvas hid, the firlt rouncih held, the firll biflioptics trefleJ, and the Chriliiaa faith n-.irjculoully fimnded and promulgated, being alio ftdined with the bl lod of numerous inartyrs. who gate a nobis icJtimony to it. H 7, Irom A 5 I From hence, by an early comtiunication with Egypt bv philofcphers, now reputed the mo- ther of learning, all arts and I'ciences were fecondarily derived. In Afia, it was that not only the firft edifices and cities were railed, but likewife wheie the firft kingdoms and monar- chies were tounded. For here, in particular, after the deluge, the empire of the Aflyrians was begun by Belus or Ninus, and continued to Sardanap3l-.i5 ; then it palled to the Medes by Arbacis to Aftysges ; next to the Peifians under Cyrus, till Darius ; and after him it came to the Greeks and Macedonians by Alexander the Great : when after his death it was fplit into numberlefs fovereignties among his captains ; and thefe in a little time were dcftroyed by the Romans. In Afra, the Parthians alfo eftaLlifhed a very powerful em- pire, which ended under the emperor Alexan- der Severus ; and it paiied again to the Perfians, till it was dcftroyed by the Turks and Saracens. But about the year 1515 it flouriihed again uii- der Ifmael. Thus Alia was the ieat ot tiou- rifhing kingdoms, whilft the other parts of the world were inhabited, if at all, fo far as ■we know, only by wild beafts. Befides thefe advantages above mentioned, this part of the world exceeds the other three (namely, Europe, Africa, and America), if not in the largenefs of its territories, particularly vith regard to the laft oi thefe; yet in the richnefs of its foil, ferenity of its air, falubrity of it drugs, delicioufnefs of itsfruits,!: agrancy and bilfamic quality of its plants, fpices, and gums ; in the quantity, variety, beauty, and value of its precious ftones 5 the fineneis of its filks and cottons ; the richnefs of it% metals and minerals, with many more advantages of the like nature. It muft indeed be owntd that fince the Turks, thofe e:;emies to learning, politenefs and liberty, have become maP.eis of Jo large a parr of Aha, its. ancient fplendor has been quite eclipfed, and the mofl fruitful fpot in all Afia become an cneuliivate.l defert ; and fince that sera it has been only conlideriible for the rich commodities it yields, and on ac- count of which it is ftill reforted to by mer- chants of other nations. Gut fuch parts as hjve efcaped tl.e Turkifh borbaiity, are Rill in a tiourifhing cumiiiion ; and that, in a great rneai'ure. mi..re from the natural fertility of the toil, than the indufiry of the inhabitants, wiio are defervediy blamed for their indolence, luxury, and elfeminacy. Thefe bad qualities are pVincipally to be afcribed to the warmth ot tlicT Climate j though psihaps not a little heightened by cuflom and education, ?ndcon- I'eijuently are more or lefs prevalent, according ro the nearer farther di.'lance •"rom the North; for it is plain that the foiithern climates do not produce ptrfonsof fuch robuft conftitutions 83 the northern. Yet hence we may infer, that thofe Afiitics, who Jive under the fame Jjtiiude with uf, cannot be much inferior to ca :n this reffed : at UaA fcveral among '.hem, A S K particularly the Turks and Tartars, are men of as much ftrength a'-d courage as any are. With regard to the more fouthern inhabitants of Afia, what they want in robuftnefs of body is in a great meafure corapenfated by the vivacity of their mind, and in their ingenuity in feveral kinds of workmanfhip, which our ableft mechanics have in vain attempted to imitate. All the Afiatic nations having been always kept in abjeiSl flavery by their princes, have never had an opportunity of difplaying their love of liberty, which, no doubt, is as natural to them as to the reft of mankind. And hence they have no idea of any other form of government than a defpotic monarchy, which is the only one that reigns through all the parts of that vait country. In religion they are no lefs ilupid and ignorant, a great part of Afia being over-run with Mahome- tanifni, as Turkey, Arabia, part of Tartary, and India. In Perfia, and the Great Mogul's country, they profel's the fame religion ; but are of the fe£l of Hali, who differ in fomc points from the Turks ; though both acknow- ledge Mahomet as their prophet, and the Alcoran as the divine rule of faith and life : v/hich diverfity arifes from the various inter- pretations given by their commentators to the' tenets in the laft mentioned book. Afia is feparated from Europe, by the Archipelago, the ftreights of C.itTa, the lake Mosotis, the river Don in Ruffia, and a line drawn from th.it to the river Obi. It is divided from Africa by the Red fea, and bounded on the VV. by the Black and Mediterranean feas j on' the S. and E. by the Arabic, Perfian, Indian, and Chinefe feas; and on the N. by '.he Frozen ocean, or White fea. And thus it is every where enco.Tipaffed by the fea, the limits northv.-ard not having been dit'covered till the reign of the hteCzar Peter the Great, by whofe orders a furvey was made; from vvhich a map of Ruffia was afterwards printed at Amfterdam : according to which, thisnorth- ern ocean begins a little beyond lit. 17. ex- tending eaflwarJ trom Greenland along the coafts of Mufcovy, Siberia, &c. till it joins with the Oriental or Japan fea. But how far it reaches northward is not yet known. The extent of Ali<) frcim the Helicfpont to the city of Mil^cca, the fartheft part of India, in the Levant fea, is cornputed to be about 400& miles, nearly from caft to weft, that is, from the Archipelago to the Chinefe ocean, up- wards of 5-^ao; and from N. to S. /. e, from Malacca to the Tartarian ocean, about 4600. Moll fays upwards of 6coo. ASl'DE, Adv. [from a ar?d /c/^] applied to fituatio.n, that which is not ftraijht. Op- pofed to perpendicular, out of, or deviating from, its true direftion ; not direftly towards 5 or from the company. A'SINl-NF, Adj. [from. -Sr.us, Lat. an afs] partaking of the nature of an als. To ASK, V. A. [.«/f;-.T, or-ic/iJ.", Sax. ASP to defire a thing; to demand; to put a quef- tion ; Co enquire ; to require. ASKA'NCE, ASKAU'NCE, or AS- KA'UNT, Adv. [from a an6 Jknunt, of canton, Fr. a corner] a look, wherein the pupils of each eye are turned to the corners of the eye- lid; obliquely, er with a leer, and is expref- five of fiynefs or difdain. A'SKER, S. [from afi and er] the perfon who makes a requeft, or enquiry. ASKE'W, Adv. [from a and Jkiw, from ebef, Belg. oblique ; fcheiv, fearful] afide, wherein the pupils are drawn to one corner of the eye, and generally befpeaks contempt or difdain. ASLA'NT, Adv. [from a anijlant, from f,angh, Belg.] on one fide ; obliquely. ASLE'EP, Adv. [from a and Jletp] in that ftate wherein all the fenfes are in a manner' clofed, the eyes fhuC, and a perfon enjoys that reft from animal labour called ileep. ASLO'PE, Adv. [from aandjlope; of flap, Belg.] declining; obliquely. ASP, or A'SPIC, S. [afph, Lat.] a kind «f ferpent, whofe poifon kills in three hours after the bite, without remedy. ASPA'RAGUS, S. [Lat. afperge, Fr.] in Botany, the plant fperage. It is aperient^ diuretic, good in the gravel and flangury, and makes the urine very fetid. A'SPECT, S. [afpeBus, from sfpkio, Lat. to behold or look at] the face ; a peculiar caft of the countenance ; look or appearance ; the front fituation of a building, or diredtiop towards any point. In Aftroiogy, the fitua- tion of flars or planets with refpeft to each other. To ASPE'CT, V. A. \afpicio, Lat.] to iook upon ; to behold. *' The northern pole .fifpe^is."' Temple. A'SPEN, or ASP, S. [aps, or cpfe, Sax, afp, Dan. efp, Belg.] a kind of poplar, whofe leaves are fuppofed to be alv.'ays trembling : ufed adje£lively for things made out of its wood, or thofe which refemble it, with rcfpeft <o the trembling of its leaves. A^SPER, Adj. [Lat.] rough or rugged. Spiritus afper, in Grammar, an accent in this form ['] placed over the <J> X and © in Greek, which fhews, that the letter under it is to be pronouncrd ftroug, and the breath to fupply che place of an h. A'SPERA ARTERIA, in Anatomy, the trachea, or windpipe, fituated in the fore and lower part of the neck, and ending in the thorax. To A'SPERATE, V. A. [afpero, Lat.J to roughen, or make rough. ASPERIFO'LIOUS, Adj. [from afper, Lat. rough, and folium, a leaf] in Botany, applied to fuch plants whole leaves are rough, ^nd plJced alternately, without any certain order, on their ftalks. ASPE'RITY, S. [ofperUas, Lat.] un- ASS evennefs, or roughnc-T--, applied to the furfare of bodies and pronunciation. Molofenefs, or roughnefs, applied to the behaviour or temper. To ASPE'RSE, V. A. [afpergo, Lat. to fprinkle] to fay any thing injurious to tl-u: charafVer of another; to flander; to ca- lumRiate. ASPE'RSION, S. [dfperfio, Lat.] the a£lion of cafting wafer about, fo as it m^y fall in fmall drops not in full llreams. Sp/ink- ling, applied in Divinity, to the mode of baptifm corrvTionly praftifed, oppofed toim- merfioa. Figuratively, an unmerited calumny, or tlander. _ ASPHA'LTIC, Adj. [from .::r<f.aXTjj,Gr,] bituminous, or pitchy. ASPHO'DEL, S. [nUio-afpkodeJus, Lat.] in Botany, the Day Lily. There are fix fpecies; and were by the ancients planted near burying-places to fupply the manes of the deceafed with nurture. Hence we may learn the bsauties of Pope's lines— " By thofe happy fouls who dwell " In yellov/ meads of afpbodel.^'' To A'iPIRATE, V. A. [^fpiro, Lat.] to lay a great ftrefs of voice upon any fyllable or letter. When ufed neuterly, to be pronounced with ftrefi and vehemence, or a full breath. A'SPIRATE, Adj. [from afphatus, Lat.j pronounced with feme degree of roughnefs, ftrefs, or vehemence of voice, or a full breath, ASFIRA'TION, S. [fxom afphatio, Lat.j a fighing for, or longing after ; an ardent de- fire, generally ufed in a fpiritual fenfe. In Grammar, the a<£t of proiiouncing any word ttrongly, vehemently, or in full breath. 'fo ASPFRE, v. N. [from afpiro, Lat.] to endeavour to attain fomething above our prefent circumftances, rank, or power. Ufed with the particles to and after. ASQUI'NT, Adv. [from a and /yat'^r, from fcer.dan. Sax. jcb^nden, Teut. to difgrace] a pofition of the eyes, wherein th"y do not both feem to look the fame way ; obliquely. ASS, S. [from ex. Arm. efol, Teut. ajiie, 111. afiniis, Lat.] in Natural Hiftnry, a do- meftic animal, remarkable for its fluggiftinefs, hardi.-.efs, patience in ldb,/ur, cnarfeneCs of diet, and long life. Figuratively, the word implies, a peifon of mean abje£l fpirit; bafe- ly patient under provocations ; defpicable, and dull. ASS.'V, S. [in Pharmicy, divided into ajfa duk'is, %x benzoin, and afja fcetida'\ a gum or rcfin, of a brownilh colour, iharp tafte, and a very fttong ofFcnfu'3 fmell ; from whence it receives both the name above mentioned, and likewifethat of deviPs duri;:;. To ASSa'IL, V. A. '[from affhUer. Fr. ajju'ire, Ital.] to attack, or fall upon, in order to fubdue, as an enemy. Figutaiivel/, to at* tack with arguments. ASSAl'LABLE, Adj. [from .i/di/ and a^.'s] that which may be attacked, H 3 ASSAI- ASS ■ ASSAI'LANT, S. {affaVdant, Fr.] he vv^o intkes an attack, oppofed to ope who dif.r.d,. ASSAI'LANT, A»)j. bfing afts of vio- lence againft another ) attacking. ASSA'SSIN, or ASS ASSINA'TOR, S. fFrom afs, Arab, one wljo lays in wait for another] one'who murders another, either fcr hire, or bv treachery. To ASSASSINATE, V. A.[frcrTi tf/T^^c] to murder another treacheroufly, revengttul- ]y, or for hire. ASSASSINA'TION, S. [^"^"1 afifrate] theaf> of murdering by treacliery, or for hire. ASSAU'LT, S. [;7/'j.7/,', Fr.'j in War, a general and furious attack ot a c«mp, or fcr tified plJce, with an intention to cany, or be- come ma'iter of it. Tliis lias Leen Utt)y ftiled a enup dc main, or a ftrong ani vigorous im- prtfl'ion. In Law, a violent iniiry offered to a man'sperfon, which may berommiited by ofrering a blow, or a terrifying fpeecb. Lov.h. ]ren. b. i. c. 3. 25th Edw, III. c 24. ;i2. Lib. Aflif. pi. dc. To ASSAU'LT, V. A. [See the poun] jn War, to make a general and furioijs aitack, without ary cover, 0.1 a camp, or fortified place, in order to carry, or become mailers of jt ; to f ffer violence to ; to attack, or invade. ASSAU'LTER, S. [from flJJ'ai. It and erj one who u''es violence' againft another. ASSA'Y, S.[from f^ije.Fr.] examination, trial, or attempt; attack. In Law, uj/hy of weights and m.eafuies, is the examination of them bv the clerks of maikets. To ASSA'V, V. A. Ihomafc-yer, Fr.] to put to the trial ; to try. ASSA'YER, S. ("from ojfay and a] an of- ficer of the mint, who tries metah, in o'der to de-ermine their finenef--, and how much they are above c. below ftandard. ASSA'yiNC, S. [from c//.;y] ths art cf feparating me'ah, fulphurs, miiK-ral falts, and pther bodies, from each other. ASSECU'TION, S. [ajecutic. Lit. from ej/cjfor] in Canon Law, acquirement *' Thus a firft tenefice is faid to be void by the ajjicu- t'lo't of a fecond." ASSE'MEL AGE, S. [Fr.] the colkaing a number of individuals together, fo as to form a whole ; it differs from affcmhly, becjufe that »s ufed of perfons. and this of things. To ASSE'MBLE, V.A. \o^aJfn:b!er, Fr.] to unite feveral things together, fo as to form a whole ; to bring feveral things together in •ne pl.ice. Ufed with the piepofition tagetbfr. ASSE'MBLY, S. {anemhl/e,?x.] In Hifto- ry, or Jurifprudence, the union of feveral per- fons in the lame place, with the fame delign. In a more large fen'e, a coll'-dlion or Com- pany of feveral perfons of each fex. ASSENT, S. I from ajfenjus, Lat.] that i€t of the mind whereby it takes, or ack nowledgf s, any piopofr.ion to be true or falie. In a more Ipofe fenfe, agreement, or ccnfent. ASS To ASSE'NT, V. N. [from afflnhre.Ut.l to receive a thing as true. To ASSE'RT, V. A. [from aftro. Lit.] to affirm a thing as true j to claim a thing as one's ^\^t•y to defend both bv words and sf^ions. ASSER'TION, S.[lr(mi aferQ the affirm- ing a thing as true ; a propofition conceived or delivered in pofitive terms, _ ASSE'RTIVE, Adj. [from a/Jirl] pofi- tive; obftinate; dogmatical, ASSE'RTOR, S. [from ayT^rr] he who affirms any propofition as true ; the author, or fuppotter of anv opinion. To ASSE'SS, V. A [of ajijjare, lul tn lay a fine upon a perfon, irom aljcjji, It^'- a fine, tribute-, or cuftom] to ratg, or tax ; to fine a perfon. ASSE'SSMENT, S. [from aJfiJ!.] the fum, fine, or cuftom, levied upon any p-rfon, cr commodity ; the ad of levying a fine. ASSES'SOR, S. [from tf//i,'i] in Law, one who firs on the bench with a judge, in order to affifl: him with advice; one who is next or equal to another in rank and dignity. " His (on — \h' aff'rjjcr of his throne." Par. Lojl. One who letties a fine. A'SSETS, S. [ufed only in the plural, from cjfix, Fr. enough] the goods of a ptrfon deceafen, which arc appropriated to the pay^ ment of his debts. To ASSE'VER, or ASSE'VERATE [af- fct'fro, Lat. J to affirm or deny a thing, not only with an oath, but Jikewife with impre- cations, execration?, or curfes. ASSE'VERA'TION, S [afe^.era!h.L>'.] the aft of affirming a thing with great folem- nity, by an oa h cr imprecation. ASSIDU'ITY, S. [ajftdini/, Fr. affjuitas, Lat.] a conffant attention or application to bufinefs ; unwearied diligence. ASSI'DUOUS, Arij. [aj[iduus,'LiX..'\ \\n- weJried; incefl'ant; continual and unremitted. ASSI'pUOUSLY, Adv. [frcm t^jjlducui and /y] in fuch a manner as to exercii'e dili- gence without wearinefs, ai;d application without intermiffion. ASSIE'NTO, S. [Ital. a farm, contra ft, or bargain] a contratt m^rie between this na- tion and Spa'n, ior fupplying their planta- tions with negroes. To ASSl'GN, V. A. [from <j/%«o, Lat.] to diflribute; to allot ; t'j appoint. In Law, to tran^fe' property to anotl:er. ASSrONABLE, Adj. [from affigt and ahle-y oi abalj^iX. poffibility] that which may be detercnined, fettled, fixed or marke.i out. ASSIGNA'TION, S. [Fr.j the ad of transferring properly to another. Commonly ufed in amours, for an appointment m^de for meetini; by the two p irties. ASSIGNE'p, S. [from ojfigne, Fr.] oqc appointed by another to do an acf, or perform any bufinefs in his {lead. Commonly ^ppli^-d to thofe perfons who are ent:uftr.d with the eftdjle ot a bankrupt, and are by law enij-u'vereJ to.. ASS te collect h's debts, and make a dividend of his efi'efls to his feveral creditors, ASSl'GNER, S. [from ajfign and tr\ he who fets out, determines, or appoints. _ ASS1'GNMENT,S. [from afjign'] the fet- ting a thing aptrt for any particular ufe 3 an appropriation; an alienation. ASSl'MILABLE, Adj. [from aJ;ni!o,LAt.] that which may be converted into the fame nature, or be made like another. To ASSFMILATE, V. A. [ajfimlo, Lat. of ad to, and Jim'iUs, like] to convert to the fame nature 5 to bring to a refemblance. ASSIMILA'TION, S. [from affxmdatil the a£lion by which things are rendered like each other. To ASSI'MPLATE, V. A. [alfimuh, Lat.] to put on a counterfeit appearance ,- to feign. ASSIMULA'TION, S. faffimuratio, Lat.] a counterfeit, or fpeciout refemblance. To ASSFST, V, A. [aJJi/ier, Fr. from ad znAJiftc, Lar.] to relieve; to help. ASSISTANCE, S, [ajfipnce, Fr.] the aft of helping ; help. ASSI'STANT, Adj. [from ajfijl] that which fupplies the defe£ls of another; that which helps. ASSI'STANT, S. [from aJPft} one who helpi another. ASSrZE, S. {affe, Fr. a fitting] in Law, a place, court, or time, wherein a judge and jury are adembled for the trial of caufes. The term is likewife applied to fignify the whole ptocefs of a writ ; a jury ; a ftatute for regulat- ing the weight of bread ; and the bread itfelf, as prefcribed by the ftatute. To ASSl'ZE, V. A. [from the noun] to fix the price, weight, or fize, of a commodity. ASSrZER, or ASSI'SER, S. [from ajfixc and ^rj an officer who has the infpeftion into the weights and meafures of commodities. ASSO'CIABLE, Adj. [from ajociabilh, Lat.] that which may be joined or united to fomething elfe. To ASSOCIATE, V. A. [alfoder, Fr. of affoao, Lat. from ad, to, and focius, Lat. a com- panion] to join as a companion ; to make one of a company. To join infeparably, applied to ideas. ASSO'CIATE, Adj. [from afociatus, of aJJ'ocio, Lat.] confederated ; joined as accom- plices ; making part of a fociety, or company. ASSO'CI.ATE, S. [See the verb] one who it joined to another as afliilant, companion, partner, confederate, or accomplice. ASSOCIA'TION, S. [from ajfociate'] the aft of uniting; union; fociety; a contrad or treaty, by which two or more are united together for their mutual afliftance, for the better carrying on any defign. In Pbyficj, combination, or union. To AS'SOIL, [from ajoudre, Fr. to ab- folve, or from a negative, and JoH of foui'/cr, fx.Je(iiare,hi\. to dirtj in Law, todtliver ASS or difcl argc a perfon from eTcomtnunJcation*" A'SSONANCE, S. .[afonance, Fr.] m. Rhetoric and Poetry, is where the words of a fentence or verfe have tha fame found, but aie not properly a rhime. In verfe, the aflb- nant rhime is common among the Spaniards, a5 ligera, cabkita, as well as the French ; but is intolerable in the Englifh. AS'SONANT, Part, [from affor,tr, Fr.] to range things in clafTes, according to their refsmblante wiih each other. AS'SORTMENT, S. lajfortment, Fr.] la Trade, a ftock ot poods, confiding of VJrioui pieces of different forts. In Painting, the pro- porrion and harmony between the feveral parts. To AS'SUaGE, V. A. [fuavis, adfuadere, Lat. or ajfua-viare, Ital.] to cool, orleifen, ap- plied to heat ; to calm, applied to the wind ; to pacify, or appeafe, applied to paflion or rage j to eafe, applied to pain. In iis general fenfe, it implies the lefTening the violence of fome- thing furious. Neuterly, to abate, or grovir lefs. " The waters ajjuaged.''^ Gen. viii. i. ASSUA'GEMENT, S [from affuage] that which leflens the violence of any thing. ASSUA'GER, [from ajfuage z.nA er'\ ons who pacifies rage, appeafes anger, or leiTens pain. ASSUA'SIVE, Adj. [from affuadeo, Lat.j that which has a great influence ; that which affuages, mitigates, or pacifies. ASSU'ETUDE, S. [from afuttudo, Lat.] the being accuftomed to a thing; cuftom. To ASSU'ME, V. A. [from ajfumo, Lat.] to take ; to reprefeBt a charaiter ; to take upon one's felf ; to arrogate, or claim whut is not one's due. ASSU/MER, S. [from ajumt and cr] one who claims or arrogates more than ii his due ; an arrogant perfon. ASSU'MPTION, S. [from ajfumptio, Lat.J the aft of taking, or appropriating any thing to one's felf; the fuppofing a thing true, or granted, without any formal proof. Thea/"» /tt»/)/;on of the Virgin Mny is celebrated oft the 15th of Auguft. In Logic, the minor, or fecond propofition in a categorical fyllogilm ; lometimes the confequence drawn from the major and minor. ASSU'MPTIVE, Adj. [from afumptivui, Lat.J that which a perfon may take, or ap> propriate to himltlf. In Heraldry, a£iin;i?u-J4 arwi are thofe which a perfon may ufe as hit own. ASSU^RANCE, S. [^/7a'-.J'?«, Fr.] a cer- tain expeftation of fomething future; confi- dence; truft ; conviftion. In Commerce, » contraft by which a perfon fubjefts himfelf to make good the damages to be fu(>ained by »n- Otherinavoyage,or by fire. SeelNSURANCE. To ASSU'RE, V. A. [affurer, Fr.] to perfuade a perfon of the certainty of a thing; to make a perfon confident, by removing the CJufes of doubt or fear ; to be bethrollied, " I was d/Tarfito her." Sbakifp, H 4 ASSU- AST .ASSU'REDLY, Adv. [from e[ft:red and /)■] in fuch a manner as betrays no doubt j certainly ; undoobtcdly. ASSU'REDNESS, S. [from ajjurcd and re/jj the ftate of a psrfon who is cetiainj oi entirely free fronn doubt, ASSU'RER, S. [^£ureur, Fr,] one who removes the doubts of another. In Commerce, one who indemnifies another againft hazards at fea. ASTERISK, S. [from aCE^ic-Kc?, Gr. refembling a ftarj a charafter uicd to renaei any particular paffage in an author confpicuouf, or to refer to feme no'e in the margin, or at the bottom of the page, marked thus [*J ; when two or three are placed together in a line, they denote that feme word is to be fupplieJ, or is wanting * * *. ASTE'RN, [from a wA fiern'] a fea term, in the hinder part of a iTiip ; or any thing fitu- aied behind the fhip. AS'THMA, S. [Gr. from an, Gr. to breathe] in Medicine, a difficulty of breathing arifing from a diforder in the lurgs, at'ended with a great uneafinefs in the diaphragm, or praecordia. The gentral indication of core is bleeding, difperfing the colledled matter, and keeping up a confiant perfpiration. ASTHMA'TIC, or AS THMA'TICAL, Adj. [from ajlkma\ affected or troubled wiih an aflhma. ASTO'NIED, Part, a contraftion of the vord aftoniflied. To AST'ONISH, V. A. {ejlorrtir, Fr. at- toniie. Ital. >rom a'.tor.itui, Lat.J to occjfjon furprize by the immenfity and novelty of an cbjedt ; to amaze. AST'ONISHMENT, S. [fr«m etomement, Fr.] a furprize, cccafioned by an immenk and new onje£l, diftinguifhed trom admiration, both by the decree, and the nature of the objeit. To ASTOU'ND, V. A. [from «<;««.>. Fr.] to aftonifh ; to confound with wonder. " May llartle well, b'lt not aiicund." Par. Ljji. ASTRAD'DLE, Aay. [from a andjirad- dlc} to fit on a thing, I'o that one of our kgs fhould be on each lide of it. See AS IRIDE. A'STRAGAL, S. [arjxyaXoc, Gr.] in Anatomy, a bone of the tarlus, with a con- vex eminence, articulated with the tibia by a ginglymus, commonly called the ancle bone. In Architefture, a litde round nrember, in th; form of a ring or bracelet, fetving as an orna- ment to the tops and bottoms of columns. In Gunnery, the little moulding on a piece of ordnance, of which there are generally three on each piece, AST'RAL, Adj. [from aflrunt, Lat. a ftar] tliat which belongs lo, or depends on the ftars. jifiral year, is the time wliich the earth takes lo make its revolution round the fun. See YEAR. AS'TRAY, Adv. [from a and j^ray] wan- dering from the right or direcl path, f igura lively, wrong, or in an error. AST To ASTRI'CT, V. A. [of afhllfutff, fa- pine of a,'lrlrigo, Lat.] to lefien the diftjnce be- tween two objedls ; to malce the parts of a thing come nearer to each other, oppoled to relax. Corifiringe is moft Commonly uled. ASTR'iCTION, S. [fiom ajln'aio, Lat] I he aft or power of making the parts oi a bo- ly approach to esch o:her. ASTRl'CTIVE, Adj. [from ajfria] that which his a ftypic, or binding qua! ty. ASTRI'CTORY, Adj. [from ajl'iaorius, Lat, J that which has an aftringenl or binding quality. ASTRI'DE, Adj. [from a and /?ri,/?] a pof- •ure wherein the legs are placed i:t a diftance from each other. Open or wide, applied to ihe legs, oppofed to c'oj'e, or together, ASTRl'FEROUS, Adj. [from ajlnfer, Lat.] bearing or having flars. To ASTRI'NGE, V. A, [afirhgo, Lat.] to prefs or clofe together 5 to force the parts clofer to each other. ASTRI'NGENT, Part. \aj}r'wgetis, Lat.] in Medicine, that which contraiSfs the dimen- fion of the vefTels by its roughnefs snd afpC'^ rity, and thickens the fluids ; when ufed in- ternally, oppofed to laxative ; when externally, opppfed to flyptic. ASTROITES, S. [Gr.] in Natural Hif- tory, a kind of figured flone found at Shuck-* burgh in Warwick/hire, nearBelvoir caftl-e in Lincoliifliire, and at Touque in Normandy, ASTROLA'BE, S. [from ar^cv, Gr, a ftar, an<l Xi/x^av;», to take] in Aftronomy, a fyftem or afTemblage of the different circles of the fphere, refembling anarmillary fphere, invented by Kippjrchus ; but being afterwards .iltered by Ptoleiny to a pl.<ne furt,.ce, called a planifphere, the word is at prefent applied to a planifphere or ftereographic proieftion of the fphere upon the plane of one of the great circles. A5TR0'L0GER,S, [from aJ}rohgus,Lzt.'} one who pretends to predidl: future events from the fujpofed influences of the ftars. ASTROLO'GIC, orASTROLO'GIC AL, Adj. [from ajircicgy] relating, or agreeable to the princioles of aftrology, ASTROLO'GIC ALLY, Adv. [from fl/?ro- hghal and ly] According to the principles of iiirologv, or after the manner of an aflrologer. ASTRO'LOGY, S. [aJhoISgia, Lat. from srjsv, Gr. a ftar, and Aofia, the anfwer of an oracle or predi£lionJ the art of foretelling future events from the afpeiffs, pofuions, and influences of the ftars. ASTRO'NOMER, S. [from arjcv, a ftar, and vcu^, Gr. a rule] a perfon who applies himfelf to the ftudv of aftror.omv. ASTRO'NOMIC,orASTRONOMICAL, Adj. [from ajironowy] that which is founded upon the principl'is of aftronomy, j^jlroncmkal place of a ftar, in its longitude, or place in the ecliptic reckoned from the beginning of Aries, i according to the natural order of the funs. ASTRO- A T ASTRO'NOMYj S. [a/lroncnuf, Fr. aJ!ro- ncima, Lat. See ASTRONOMER] a branch of mixt mathematics, whereby we are ac- quainted with thecekftial bodies, their mag- riitudes, motions, rrvolutions, ecliufes, &c. ASTRO-THEO'LOGY, [trom afirum, Lit. a ftar, and thtologm, Lat. divinity] the proof; of a Deity drawn from an aftronomical view of the heavens. ASU'NDER, Adv. [from afundran, or cfundron, S3X. of nJjyi'Jtan, to feparste j fonder, or fondtren, Teat, to diftinguilh ; fonder, by itfelfj at a dillance from each other j apart j or feparate ; difiblution of the union of two or more bodies. ASY'LUM, S. [Lat. from a neg. and wTk-xx, Gr. to pillage, or take out of a place] a landfuary. or place of refuge, which fhelter- ed a criminal, and fecured him from falling into the hands of any officer of juftice. ASY'MMETRY, S. [from a priv. and <ry,vc,u£T^(a, Gr. lymmetry] a defeft of propor- tion, harmony, cr cotrefpondence between the parts of a thing. In Mathematics, the inco.Timenlurability of two quantities, when they have no common meafure. ASY'MPTOTE.S. [that whichnever meets or coincides, from a neg. cruv, with, and 'snriPi'ji, Gr. to fall] a right line, which being continued indefinitely, continually approaches to a curve, or a portion of a curve continued indefinitely Jikewifo, fo as its dif^ance from thence will never beiome an abfolute negative or cypher, but will always be found lefs than the leaft afTignabk quantity. ASYMPTO'TICAL, Adj. [from afymp- tole\ b-longing to, or partaking of the proper- ties of an afymptote. Curves zre afympfotica/, when tliey continually approach, without a pofTibility of meeting. ASYN'DETON, S. [from a neg. and ••iv^Ei), Gr. to bind together] in Grammar, a figure wherein feveral fentences meet together without any conjunftion ; ufed to exprefs a greater rapijity, or vehemence in the mind of ihe orator, as in the lines of Pcf>e ; " To him no high, no low, no great, no fmall — He fills, he bounds, conneds." — Where the conjunc- •tion a?td is omitted. AT, Peep, [^r. Sax. at, Goth.] before a place, it fignifies fometimes, tio^e '^o ; and at other times, in it. Before a word implying time,\t denotes the very inftaiit in which a thing was, or will be, done } and fometimes is put without the word lime in the fame fenfe. Ufed inftead of ivitb, it implies caufe, or on account of. " At this news he dies." Shakefp. Before an adjedlive of the fuperlative degree. It implies manner, or petfeflion. Before a fubftantive, it fometimes denotes a particuhr ciicumftance, and gives it an adverbial mean- ing. As, at eafe, i. e. eafy. After be, it implies de.*ign, intention, or employment. ** She knew what he would be at.'''' Hud, Ufed with anmiiind, it implies fubjcfl; ATM " Thou art leaft at my command.'''' Dtyd, Sometimes flj" fipniilesyrowi as, " Endeavour to deferve fomethinij iJf our hands." Pc^c. ylt, joined with all, implies, in any refpeft, degree or manner. " Mnft women have no charac- ters at all.'' Pope. ATABEK, S [Turk, the father of a prince; atabek'un, Pert. j\n IhAnry, the title borne by the preceptors of the Selgiucides. ATE, (he prefer of eat. A'THEISM, S. [aibeifme, Fr.] the opini- on of thofe who deny the exlfte.--ice and being of a Godj the creator and prefcrver of the world. ATHEIST, S. [of a nez. and S-ssj, Gr, God] one who denies the exiftence of a God, the creator and preferver of all things. Ufed adjeftively, it implies fomtthing that partakes of the principles of an atheiit. ATHErSTlCAL, Adj. [from athelf}] impious j or agreeable to the principles of an atheift. ATHEI'STICALLY, Adv. [ftotnatheifi;- cal and ly\ after the manner of an atheifl. A'THEOliS, S. [from a0£3?, Gr.] oppo- (ite, or contrary 10 the belief of a Deity 5 athe- iflical. " J}iheou! prieft." Par. Reg. ATHERO'MA, S. [Gr. from aSsja, Cr. pap] a tumour, or wen, which neither yields to the touch, difcolours the fkin, or caufes pain. ATHERO'MATOUS, Adj. from aihero- tfia] that which refembles, or is of the nature of, an atheroma. ATHl'RST, Adv. [from a and tFirJlJ wanting drink, or a-dry. ATHLE' T.^, S. [from a9Xof, Gr. a con- teft] perfons of ftrength and iftivity, cxercilied for the public games of Greece and Rome, and exhibiting their fkill in fuch exploits as required bodily ftrength. ATHLE'TIC, Adj. [from athleta, Lat.] ftrong, vigorous, and aftive of body j robud. ATHWA'RT, Prep, [of a and tbxva>-[, from ttvcrf, Dan. ziueieb, Teut.] tranfverfe ; acrofs. " His bridge athwart the Hellefpont." Bac. Thiough. " Athwart the terrors." Ad' dif Cato. ATLA'NTIC, S. [from atlas] in Geogra- phy, that part of the ocean which lies between Africa and America. A'TLAS, S. [Lat.] a colkaion of maps, generally folio, in ilUtfion to the fabie of Atlas's bearing the world on his fhoulders. In Anatomy, the firft vertebra of the neck, which lies next to, and fupports the head. In Archite.fture, thofe (latues, or half-ftatues, of men, ufed inftead of columns or pilafterc to fupport any member of architeflure, fuch as a balcony, &c. They are likcwi.'e nair.ed telanhne:, A'TMOSPHERE, S. [from' ar^uof, Gr. a vapour, and o-<j)aij'a, a fpherej air. In Phyfics, that thin ehftic lluid with which the earth is , coveted to a ceit^in height, gravitates towards its A T R its center, and on its furface, is carried along with it, and ^lartakes of all its motions, botli annual and diurnal : ibme confine the term only to that part of the air which is neareft the ejrth, receives its vapours and exhaUtions, and refraiSs the rays of light. Its whole weight is 14,831,308,800,000,000,000 lb. troy, and its height, according to I ^e la Hire, l6 leagues, or 48 miles. See AIR. ATMOSPHE'RICAL, Adj. [from atrr,',- fphtre] that which belongs to the atcnofphere. ATOM, S. [from atomus, Lat. from a neg. and Tj/xvai, Gr. to cut or dividej in Phyfics, a particle of matter fo minute as to be indivifible, or the primary immutable particles of which bodies are compounded. Any thing veiy minute, or extremely fmall. ATO'MiC AL, Adj. [from atom] confifting of, or relating to, atoms, j^tomkal fhUoJ'phy is that which accounts for the formaiion or all things, from the principle or hypothefis of matter endued with motion and gravity. ATOMIST, S. [from atem] one who pro- fefTes the corpuftularphilofophy, which main- tains, that all things are formed of immutable particles, and for that reafon Ibll retain the r primitive and original properties. ATOMY, S. [the fame as atom'] " A team of little atomia." Rom. and "Jul. To ATO'NE, V. N. [of cf ana one, im- plying to unite, or oi ad, to, and tr.r.e, im- plying to harmonize, bkinntr] to agree, or accord. " He and Aufidus can no more ator.e" £fc. ^hakefl>. To make fatisfaftion for; to compeni'ate; to expiate 5 to make a recom- pence. ATO'NEMENT, S, [from atore] recon- riliatiun, agreement, concord ; the uniring two perfons at variance with ejch other. " VVbofe blood wss brought in to mjke arj fitcnemtr.t.'''' Le-v. xvi. 27. Ranfcm. A'l'ONV, S. (from a neg. and tesvol-, Gr. to ftretcnj in Medicine, want of proper lenfion, or tone, in the folids of a human body, A TO'P, Adv. [from a and top] on the highcft part of a thing. ATRABILA'RIOUS, Adj. [atrahihin, Yr. from atrabdis, Lat.] that which aficils with a difordtr flowing from a black aduft ftate of the blood ; called melancholy. ATRABILA'RIOUSNESS,S.[from/7rrj- b'datious, and w/jJ that quality which cjufes a ptrlon to be deemed melancholic. ATRAME'NTAL, Adj. [\r<^fn atranicn- tum, Lat. inkj that which blackens, or has the qualities of ink. ATRAME'NTOUS, Adj. rSeeATRA. MENTALJ black, or having the quahty of ink. ATRO'CIOUS, Adj. [from atrox, Lat.] that which argues a grear, if not the higheft, degree of wickednefb in the committer j that V hich is extremely, enormoufly, and H igrantly -picked .j ATT ATRO'CIOUSNESS, S. ffrom atrecim and nefs] that quality which argues a perfon to be extremely, obftinately, and enormoufly criminal. ATRO'CITY, S. [from atrecitas, Lat.) that which heightens the enormity of a crime, and makes it an oKjetl of horror. A'TROPHY, S. [from a. neg. and t/>e(}>v, Gr. to nourifh] in Phyfic, an univerfal con- lumption, proceeding from the whole habit of the body, without any diftemper of the lungs, or other entrail, or any remarkable fever. See CONSUMPTION. I To AT TA'CH, V. A. [attacher, Fr.J in I Law, to feize either on a perfon or his goods ; to have an aftjftion, defire, or inclination to- wards a thing. ATTA'CHMENT, S. attachment, Fr.} an habitual dilpofition, or affe£lion of the foul towards an objedl which is dear to it. In Law, the taking or apprehending a perfon or thing, either by commandment of writ. To ATTA'CK, V. A. [attaauer Fr, atta- care, Ital.J in war, an effort or attempt, made upon a perfon, or a work, in order to conquer or fubdue them. Figuratively, to fet upon, invade, or treat any one as an enemy, either by attions or words. ATTA'CK, S. [attajue, Fr.] in War, an attempt to conquer a body of troops, or mailer a fortified place. A falje attack, is that which is made only to divert the attention of the enemy, and to conceal that of the main one, Figtiratively, any hoftile attempt, whether it cenfift in ailions or words; ATTrt'CKER, S. [from attack and «r] the perfon who makes an attempt on a body of loldiers or a fortified place, in order to fub- due or conquer them j any one who ufes another with violence. To A TTAl'N, V. A. \attaindre, Fr. atti- mo, Lat. J to make one's own by labour or ' mental application ; to procure, or obtain; to reach ; to arrive at, or acquire. ATTAl'NABLE, Adj. [from attain and able] that which may be obtained, acquired, or procured. ATTA'iNABLENESS, S. [from attain- Me and ncjs] the quality which renders a thing poflibie to be attained, AITA'INDER, S. [attairdre, Fr.] in Law, is where a perfon is convifted of a Clime and fentenced ; or condemned of trea- fon by parliament on a bill brought into the houfe, A perfon, who fuffers attainder, lofes hi' titles, if a nobleman ; and whether private or noble, his children are deprived of their inheritance. ATTAINMENT, S, [from attain] that which a perfon makes his own by labour or mental application j the aft or power of at- taining. To ATTA'INT, V. A. {altenter, or at- tair.dn. ATT ta't'irjt, Fr.] to pafs fentence againft a perfon,' either for telony, or treafon, wherehy he for- feus all his lands, or hereditaments, his blood is corrupte.-i, and his children rendered bale. Figuratively, to debafe, corrupt, or make intjmous, ATTA'INT, S. .[See the verb] in Law, a writ which lies againft a jury, that have giv>;n a ialfe veraifi in any court of record, in a trial or perfonal aftinn, where the debt amounts to above forty (hillings. It lies like- wife where- the jury give iheir verditl con- tury to evidence. Figuiatively, a blot or fl.in, in allulJon to the confequences of an attainder. ATTA'INTURE, S. See ATTAIN- DER. To ATTE'MPER, V. A. [attempero, Lat.] to foften, applied to rigour; to render i'upportable, applied to heat ; to IcTen any i]>:ality by the mixture or addiiion of another. Figuratively, to fui"^, adapt, or fit, in allufion to the tempering metals. To ATTE'MFERATE, V. A. [attem- ftri, Lat.j to render i-greeable to ; to make I'uitable to. To ATTE'MPT, V, A. [attenler, Fr. at- tcntare. Lit. J to nr.ake a trial; to try, or en- deavour. Sometimes ufed infiejd uf ten pi. ATTE'MPT, S. [l>cm the verb] an un- dertaking ; a 'rial to do a thing ; fomelimes applied to the attacks of an enemy. ATTE'MPTER, S. [from attempt, and er] the perfon who makes an enoeavour; who tiies, tempts, or aite.Tipts. To A'lTE'ND, V. A. [anendre, Fr. of pttei.do, Lat.] to fix the mind to ?n ohjeit, when applied to fpeculation ; to \\i\i\\ ; to wait upon; to accompany; to follow; to fxpec^ ; lo ftsyfor; to lay wait for, Ufed ijru eily, it implies to yield attention; tofiay, or dtlav. ATTE'NDANCE, S. [attendance, Fr.] the its. of wailing upon as a fetvant; fervice; the perfon in waiting ; a fervant. ATTE NDANT, A:1j. [attendant, Fr.] v/aiting on another as an interior, including the idea of fcrvlce. ATTE'NDANT, S. [See the adjeftive] one who accompjnies another; a fervant, or dependant ot a nojleman ; one who depends on another as a luitor j that which is infe- parably united, as a concomitant, or confe- quent, ATTE'NDER, S. See ATTENDANT. ATTE'NT, Adj. [titrentus, Ljt.J liftening to, or applyin-i th'^ mind to the c jnf;derat'on of any objeft ; int-nt. ATTE'NTATES, S. [attentata, Lat.] in L^w, proceedings in a court during a fuit, and after an inhibition ; likewif.; tho'e things which are done alter an extrajudicial appezl. ATTE'NTION, S. [Fr.] in Logic, an operation of the mind, which fixes i: to ATT any particular obje£l, and engages it to con- fmer it in fuch a mar-nevas to acquire adiftinc't idea tliereo*', abforbing, as it were, all other ideas which offer themft-lves to the mind. A pplied to the hearing, it fignifies the ftretch- iiig the drum in fuch a manner, ?s to make it lii'crptible of the weakell impuhe of air, or the loweft found. ATTE'NTIVE, Adj. [attentui, Lat.] the applying the mind or ear to one particular objeft. ATTE'NTIVBLY, Adv. [from attentivf, and ly] in fuch a manner as to confider, or liften to one particular obje£i. ATTE'NTIVENESS, S [from attenthe, and nsfi] that quality of mino wh^ersin a per- loi coiifiders, or lidens to a particular objeft, with a tctal difresjard Of all others. AT lE'NUAN TjPart. and Ad].[attenuans, Lat ] th»t which makes thin or dilutes. Ufed fuiftantivcly, in Medicine, for thofe remedies which rarify the fluids. To ATTENUATE, V. A. to liquify or make thin. ATTE'NUATION, S. [Fr.] in Phyfic, applied to fluids, it is the adt of rendering them more liquid and thinner than they were before ; the efFc<ft of attenuating medicines, or c-iriain efFoits, which nature itfelf makes to deflroy the force of diforders. In a general fenfe, it implies the breaking or deftroying the cohefion of the pirticles of any thing, and increaling th;:r furface- To ATTE'ST, V. A. [altefior, Lat.] to zvt a proof r,{ the truth of _ a thing by evi- dence or writing. ATTEST A'TION, S, [atteJiaUon, Fr. of aifejijtio, Lat.] evidence, or proof of the truth of any fa£t, either by word or writing. A'TriC, Adj. [irom Jttiia, Lat.] m Architsclute, a kind of building or (hotter Oory over another, wherein no roof is to be feen, which is generally decorated with an Older peculiar lo itfelf, compofcd of ths o:her five, but fliould referable that moll which is under it ; the breadth of its pilafter fhoii!d be equal to that underneath it, and juft half its height. The yiliic baje is the moft beautiful of any. In Literature, it implies a brilliant kind of wit, and an inexprellible elegance of ftyle peculiar to the people of Attica. To ATT 1 'RE, V. A. [xie.en, or zWen, Teut.J to adorn with cloaths or drefs, F^gu- rativiiy, to embelliih or adorn. ATTI'RE, S. [z.:er, xtcrd. Tent.] cloaths or drefs to adorn or embelli(h a perfon. In Botany, the third part or divifion of a plant, including its generative parts ; -ind divided in- to femi-form and florid. ATTl'llER, S- [from attire, and fr] ona who attires or drefTes another. A'TTITUDE, S. [Fr.ofa///V«^;«^, Ital pof- ture] in Painting and Sculpture, the pofture of I a ftdtue, whereby it exprell'es fome aftion, or paflion A T T pafHon of the mind. Applied likewife to the i>age, to imply the roi^iire of an attor to tx- prefs the fentirrie t' of the poet. ATTO'LLINT, Adj. [aitrj/ensy Lat.] that which r.iife3 or lifts up. In Anatomy, applied to thofe mufcles which raife the parts thev belone to. ATTO'RNEY, S. [atfomafus, Law Lat. from ad and toiir, F. ftead, i. e. one who fupplics the plate of another] a perfon ap- pointed by another to do fomething in his ftead, ylrtcrrey at Laiv, one re'ained to pro- fecute Or defend a fuit or (xflion Attorrey- Gfr.cral, is a great officer, created by letters patent, to exhibit informations, profecute for the crown in criminal caufes, 2nd tile bills in the Exchequer tor any thing concerning the king, in inheritance or profits. To ATT'ORNEY, V, A. [from the noun] to pefoim or employ as proxy. " lam ilill attcrnied to vour fervice." ^hakefp. ATTO'RNMUNTorATTOURNMENT, S. j^attournenicrt, Fr.J in Law, the agieement of a tenant for liie to the transferring of pro- perty to another. To ATTRA'CT, V. A. [of ^ttraSIum Alpine of ^r^rflAo, Lat.J to draw towards iifelf 5 to allure or invite. ATTRA-'CT, S. [from the verb, or rather from ottrait, Fr.J that which has the power •of allnring, engaging the (.ft'eifnon,, or atttaft- ing, " Attrach and fijmes." Eudih. ATTRA'CTICAL, Adj. [frrm attrari] rtat which haih the power ui drawing fome thing towards it. ATTRA'CTION, S. [from attraBkn, Fr.J in Mecha.nics, the aft of a moving power, by which a thing that may be n.ovcd is brtught nearer, or drawn towards it. In the Mewtonian fyftem, it is an indefinite principle, not implying a particular manner nor phyfical caufc of aftion, but only a tenden- cy of approaching, whether it proceed from any external cau:e, or be inherent in bodies themfelves, excluding the idea cf impulfe from its confideration. It is divided into the attrac- tion of gravity, or :he atrraftion of cohefi.-,n. The attraihtn of gra-v'tty, called the centri- petal force by mathematicians, is that by which all bodies tend towards the cemer, or a£l on each other at a diftance ; from hence proceed almoft al) the motions and changes in the fyftem; it is by this principle that lijht bodies afcend, that projeftiles are regulated in their courfes, the vapours ai'cend, and the rain fails ; the waves roll, tlie air prelTes, and the fea is fwelled or ciecreafsd by the viciflimtie cf Its flux and reflux. The attraFlion of cokefion, IS that which unites the infenfiDle particles of bodies together into their dfterent maOes, and caules the roundnefs we fee in drnps of water or qu'ckfilver. Figuratively, the power of alluring, enticing, or engaging the affcftions of a perfon, AtTR.^.'CTIVE, Adj. {ar.rarnf, Fr.J ATT that which ha: the power cf drav/'r.ganothsr to Itfelf; inviting, alluring, engaging, applied to pcrfonal charms. ATTRA'CTIVE, S. [See the adjeftivej that wliich can draw or engage the afl'edlions; diifcring from alturemcr.t, as that is ufed in a bad fenfe j but attraftion generally in a good one. ATTRA'CTIVELY, Adv. [from at- fraSil've and AJ in the manner of a thing, or perfon, which draws or allures fome- thing. ATTRA'CT) VENE3S, S. [from cHrac- n'-ve, and refsj the quality by t\hich a thing attraifls, or allures. ATTRA'Cl'OR, S. [from attra3] that which draws towards itfelf. ATTRA'HEN T, S. [attrabcns, Lat.] that which draws toward' itfelf. ATTRIB'LJTABLE, Adj. [from attri- hute, and able\ that which may be affirmed as belonging to a thing ; that which may be af- cribcd or imputed to a thing, or perfon. To ATTRIBUTE, V. A. [oi attiibuum, fupine of ainhuo, Lat.] to affirm as belong- ing to a thing J to alcribe as a property j to impute, or charge, applied to a caufe. ATTRIBUTE, S. attnbut, Fr ] in Me- taphjfjcs, a conftant property of a being flow- ing from its e.Tence In Divinity, the quali- ties or perfeftions of the Deity, which make up the complex idea of his effence. Attri- hut?s, in Mythology, are the qualities, or ac- trihutes of the Deity, which were perfonized, or reprefented under the idea of diflerent per- fons by the Heathens ; thus Jupi'er was the power, [uno 'he anger, and Minerva the wifo-^m oi the fupreme Being. Atirihutu in Painting and Sculpture, are thofe fymbols which are added to any pifture or f(-atue, to expref^s the peculiar office or dignity of the chiet figure ; thus the Scythe ch.uafterifes Ttrne in the monument of general Gueft; the Cdduceus, Eloquence, in that of the duke of Argyle ; and the Cornucopia iilled with appks, corn, and a fufpeniied tleece, together with a ftiio'? roiiruiTi on her head, the figure of Bri- tannia, on that of Commodore Warren, ia Weftminfter- abbey. ATTRIBUTION, S. [from artril-.r.e'j^ fomethlng .ifciibed ; ciiaratler or {cputation. ATTRI'TE, Adj. [Mtnu:s, Lat.J worn off by rubbing two bodies together, ATTRI'TENESS, b. [ifomaiiriu, and n.'/j] the q'lality produced by the rubbing of two bodies together, fo a? ta wear oft fome 01 their furiaces ; the being worn. ATTRITION, S. [f r. of a'.trhh, Lac] the aftion of rubbing two bodies together, fo as to wear away or tub ofr' fome particles on their furfaces. To ATTUNE, V. A. [from a and ture] to put an inflrument into tune ; to make the voice Or any inflru:n?nts accord together, Ibund the fame notes, er i<ey, 6 To A U D ToAVA'IL, V, A. [aualere,ltz\.va!sir, Fr. or fain valoir, Fr.] to turn to one's own ufe, benefit, profit, or advantage ; to promote or procure ; to be of ufe, or advantage. " It a-va'ils nothing to have been encouraged." Pope. AVA'ILABLE, Adj. [I'rom a-v^il and able] applied to means, it figiiifies their fuit- ablenefs or efficacy to obtain tlie end ; power- f;)l, or proper. " Availablt to fecure a con- tinuance." /Jiterb. AVA'NT-GUARDjS. [avant-guardi,Yt.'] in War, the firll line, or divifion of an army in battle array; or that part which is (ttn by the enemy, and marches tirft againll him. A'V'ARICE, S. [Fr. from ai-aritia, Lat.j \n Pilorality, an immoderate love and defire after riches, attended w-ith extreme diffidence cf future events, exceffive precautions againrt t'?c inftability of foitime, making a perfon rob Jiimfelf of the neceliary comforts of life, for fear of diminifhing his riches. . AVARI'CIOUS, Adj. [from at-arlce] that which partakes of the n.iture of avarice. AVARI/CIOUSNESS, S. [irom a-vaxicicus and ref:^ that quality which inclines a perfon to defire riches im.-nolerately, to make no ule of them when poiTelTcd of them, tor fear cf diminiftiing them, and denominates him an avarichus perfon, AVA'ST, Adv. [of ab and ha-yler, Belg,] Sea-term ; hold ; ftop. AVAU'NT, Adv. [avar.r, Fr.] a word implying detettation, or abhorrence j fignifying begone ! out of my fight ! AU'CTION, S. [Fr. of auBio, Lat. from ougeo, Lat. to increafs] a method of fdle wherein goods are fold to the higheft bidder. Like wife, all the things to be difpofed of at luch a fale. AUDA'CIOUS, Adj. [audjce, Fr. of au- dax, Lat. J a term relative to the nature of an aftion ; the difpofition of mini of one who undertakes it ; and the manner in which it is executed. V/ich refpeft to the nature of the adlion, it implies fomething difticult, and attended with m^ny oDliacles, that the perfon is of fuch a difpofition of min.i as not to mat- ter what difiicuities he encounters, and that he /hews a great deal of impudence in render- ing nis attempt effectual; fo that the word is properly apol ed in a bad fenfe only. AUDA'CiOUSLY, Adv. [hom audacioui and /y] in fuch a m;<nner as befpeaks a dating impudence. AUDA'CIOUSMESS, S. [from audacious and 7Jf/i] that ijuality which argues a difpofiti- on ot mind ihat will induce a pcrlon to under- take any aftion, let the difficulties be what they will. Always iifsd in a bad fen'e, and including the fecondaiv idea of impudence. AUDA'CITV, fi.'[o{auJax, L.t.J a dif- pofition of niijid which makes a perlon ca- pable of undertaking any difficult action, aiid Jrees him irom thefe apprehenfions which might render him in?.ttive, of unfit for the tfficts of lurie'.y. AVE AU''DIBLE, Adj. [from euaibi'U, Lit.} that which is the objeft of hearing j thai which may be heard. AU/DIBLENESS, S. [from audible and nefs'] that which renders a thing the objedl of hearinc, or 'o be heard. AU'DIENCE, S. [Fr. of audio, Lat. ta hear] that attention which is given to a per- fon while he is fpeakin^. In a court fenfe, the admiffion of ambafladors or public mini- fters to a king, In order to deliver the creden- tials of their fovereign?, and to open the in- tentions for which they are fent. In Hiflory, the tribunals or courts of juftice eflablifheil by the Spaniards in America. Perfons allembled in order to hear a public fpeaker. AU'DIT, S. [from audir, he hears, the third perfon fingular prefent of atidio, L^t. or auditus, hearing] in Law, the hearing and examining the accounts of a perfon concerned in the receipt of money, by perfuns publicly appointed for that puroofe. To AU'DIT, V. A. [from audio, Lat.j to examine on account, AU'DITOR, S. [auditory Lat.] one who hears ; one who is prefent when any thing is delivered in public; one who examines and palles either public or private accounts. AU'DITORY, Ad>. [auditonus, Lat.] thatjwhich conduces to hearing. In Anatomy, the auditory nerves are a pair of nerves arifing from the medulla oblongata, and di.lributed the one to the ear, the foft and fpongy part of which is the immediate caufe of hearing, an^i the other to the eye, \^c. " AU'DITORYjS. [audltoruhn.l.il.'] a pLicer where perfons aflemble to hear any difcourfe j a colleftion of perfons fo afTem'ikd. AVE'LLANE, Adj. [nux avellana, Lat. afilberdjin HenMry, croC'i aveHaiie, is that which is formed of four filberds in thiir hulks, joined together at the preat end. A'VE MA'RY,S. [from Ave Man a. hi\l Mary, the fuft words of the angel's fjKiiation to the Virgin Mary] a prayer ufed by the Romiih cluirch, v.hich begins with ihofe wor.is, and imoloies her intercefTion. To AVE'NGE, V. A. [fronwand i^cr.g,; Fr. rjingar^ Span. i,eigirn, Ital.J to punith in propoition Co the e.nurmity of crimes, and dif- tinguifli'd from re-.tngt, becaufethat is always ufed in a bid, bur this in a good fenfe. AVE'NGEMENT, S. {ucm avengel the a£t of punilhing for crimes. AVE'NGER, S. [from aiienge'i.n^ cr'\ one who intliifts puniiTiment for crimes. Or ihe ill confcqueiices which attend the commiffioa of crimes. AVE-'NUE, S. [Fr. from a-vaur, Fr. to come to] a p.^llaeo or opening. Jn Gardening, walks of trees leading to a houfe. In Per- ipective, it is a psfTage, which ;s narroweric the end tn.m at the bcginnifi<r, in order to make it appear the longer, or ilraiahr, when Viewed iro:ft the narrowelt end, la Fortifica- liuji. AUG tion, the opening, inlet to, or communication bet wren, a tort and baftion. To A VE'R, V. A. [ui-erer,TT. from -verum, Lar. truth] to affirtn or afTt^rt a thing to be true, with tome degfee of pofitivencfs. A'VERAGE, S. [a'verjg'uw, Law Lai.l in Law, a cue or fervice which a tenant oweu his lord, by his beaft or carriage. In Sea Commerce, tiie accidentsor mis ortuncs v/hich liap))''n to a lliip or cargo, divided into fimple, Jarge or common, and fmall ; an jliov/a.icf given the rnafter tor his care of tlie gjoJs, above the freight. AVERMtNT,S. [from aver] in Law, tiie eftabliflimerit cf a tiling by ev;Qe:'Ce ; an offer to m<ke good an exceotinn pleaJed in abite- jnent ot the plaintiff's adtion, and an aftual COlTlg it. AVERSA'TION, S. [of averfjtus, L2it.] a term alluding to the niction of a perfon who deielis any thing, which is that of turning away from it. AVt'RSE, Adj. [aveffi.'s,hz'..'] hoftilc, or angry win ; unwilling, abhorring AVERSELY, Adv. [from jr^'/^ and /y] in a manner which fliews great unwiliini^neii. Backwards, oppnffd to forwards. AVE'RSENESS, S. [from aierfe Rui Ms] difficulty to be perfuided ; unvviUingncls ; backwardnefs. A VE'R SIGN, S. [Fr. from averjlo, Lar.] diflike, arifing from the dilagreeablenefs of an tiHjett ; the caufe of diflike. '^ An uvcrji^n lo lubjeftion." ^"Iddijon. To A'VERT, V. A. [awr/o,Lat.] to turn afide, or keep off". AUF, S. [alf, Belg. fooliff. ; ah-e, a de- mon] a perfon void of difcretion, ot common lenfe ; a fool. AU'GER, S. \na"jegar. Sax. ax.egar, or eg^er, Belg ] in Mechanics, an inffrument uied by carpenters and cooptrs to bore holes with ; confifliiig of a handle and bit. AUGHr, Fron. [from avkt, or atvht, Sax. J any thing applied to the extent of a perfuu's knowledge, ai far as. *' For aurht 1 know." Boy'e. To .^UG'MENT, V. A. laugmenter, Fr.J to encreafe the value or dimenfion of a thing, by the addition of fomething elfe. AU'GMENT, S. [Fr.J increafe, applied to the dimenfions of a body, or the progrefs of a difeafe. AUGjMENTA'TION, S. [Fr.] theaclion of adding or joining one thing to another, in order to increafe i;s (ize or value j the ttate ot being incieafeJ. In Heraldry, adcitions made to an efcu:cheon ; :is the arms of Ulfter,which are worn by all baronets in England. Al.'GRE,S. See AUGER. Jugre-hole, the Cavity or Imle bored by an augre. AU'GUR, S. [Lat. from auium gfjiu] in AnLtcnl Hiftory, one who pretendetl lo lorc- Ifrl Che fij- eels of any undertaking by the flight ot birds; or miiiiicx in v\h.ch poui'rry cit tiielt food. A V O To AU'CUR, V.K. [fxom augur] tofort- tel ; to guefs at ; to prefage. To AU'GURATE, V. "H.^auguror, Lat.] to piediti by figns, after the manner of an auizur. AUGURA'TION, S. [from augur'] the prailice of determining future events in the manner of aisgurs. AUGU'RIAL. Adi. [Uom augur] accord- ing to the principles of an aueur. To AU'GURIZE, V. N, [from /tugwl to pretend to foretel future events, by the fiigiit of brrds, &c. AU'GUROUS, Adj. [from augur] prefaj.. ing ; having a knowledge of fomething future, generaltv including the idea of fear. AU'GURY, S. [augurium, Lit.] the art f predifting fuure events by the flight oi" eating of b.rds; known to the Egyptians and other nations, even in the time of Mofes. AUGU'ST,Adj. [d«^tt,?«i,Lal,Jthat which may claim reverence, on account of its digni'y cr rank, or expect a\ve from its appearance. A'UGUST, S. [fiom Juguftui] fince the .ilteration of the rtile,the eighth month of the year, called by the Romans Sext'dis, or th'i lixth month from Match; but named Augr.ft from Auguftus Cstfar. It wis repiefented by the ancients under the figure of a young man with a fair countenance, crowned with i« gar- land of wheat, a baTKet of fruit on his arm, a fickle in his hani, snd bearing a vicfim. AUGU'STNESS, S. [Uomauguii and nef,] that quality which renders a pes fun an objeft of reverence, awe, and homage. A'VIARY, S. [iToma-v-.i, Lat.] a place inclofed for keeping a colledlion ot birds. Fi- guratively, the colkftion of birds kept in fuch a place. A'VISO, S. [Ital.]in Commerce, notice or intormation given by letter. AtJ'KWARD, Adv. See AWKWARD. AU'LlC, Afij. \auiicus, Lat. J belonging to the court. In Hiftory, applied to the higiieft court of the empire of Germany, originally inflitutcd to determine the dilputes between the emperor and his fubjecfs. AUNT, S. [from tr.nt!, Fr.] a female le- lation, who is a filter either to a perfon's fa« ther or mother. To A'VOCATE, V. A. [from a-vocatum, of iiz'oco, Lat.] to call aperfca from any thing he is engaged in. AVOCA'TION, S. [(rom a-voca::o, Lit.] the diverting a peifi n's attention Irom fome- thing he is already engaged in. To AVOl'D, V, A. [from a and 'vuiJe, of ijuidery Fr J to forbear; to fhun; tu cjuit, or leave. AVOI'DABLE, Adj. [from awd and ab!e] ttie pcfiibility of elcaping tlie eHcd\s ol a thing ; thar which may t)e elcaped,or fiiynned. AVOI'DANCE, S. [trom aveWjiheadt whereby one fries himfelf from tfte eficfts of any caufe; the att sf smptyir-gjor c:irryiiig olF. AVOl'DER, A U R AVOI'DER, S. [from avoid nod eri the perfon who fhuns, efcapes, or carries away : the vefTel ufed to carry things away in. AVOlRDUPOHS, S. [from awir, to have and (in poidi, Fr. weight] a kind of weight, fiippofed to be borrowed from the Romans, a pound o? which contains 1 6 oz. bearing the fame proportion to a lb. troy, as 14 to 1 6. All coarfer commodities are bought by this weight : and it is obferved, that apothecaries buy by this, though they fell by troy weight. AVOLA'TION, S. [fromaWa, Lat.J the fiyingawav; flight or efcape. To AV'OU'CH, V. A. favour, Fr ] to prove by vouchers, or proper authorities ; po- iitively to maintain the truth of a thing j to juftify, or vindicate, yauchh in ufe, at pre- fent, in its ftead. AVOU'CH, S. [from the verb] proof, witnefs, evidence. " The fenfible and try'd avouch — Of mine own eyes." Shakefp. A U T priv ite confeflion a perfon makes of his'fins t» .1 prieft, in order to receive abfolution, AURI'CULARLy, Adv. [from auricular ind /iij in a private or fecret mariner. AURI'FEROUS, Adj. [a«r</-cr,Lat.] that which produces Rolr). AU^'rIGATION, S. [ai/rr^ff, Lat.] the drivine a vehicle or rarriace. AURIPIGME'NTUM, S. See ORFf- MENT. AURO'RA, S. [Lat,] In Geography, that faint dawn which appears in the E. when the fun is within iS deg. of the horizon. In My- tholcgy, the goildefs who prefides over day- break, the daughter of Hyperion and Thea, or of the Sun and the Earih. She is defcribed in all the pomp of imagination by Homer, coverej wiili i great veil, wish roiy lingeis and hair fprinkling the dew, and expanding the cups of flowers. 1 AURUM FULMINANS, [Lat. thunder- AVOU'CHABLE, Adj. [from avoucbzni ing gold] in Chemiftry, a diiTolution of gold tilk^ that which may be proved by evidence or vouchers, AVOU'CHER, S. [from avouch and er'] he that proves the trurh of an allertion by proper vouchers, or evidence. To AVO'vV, V. A. [_hom avo-wer, Fr.] to profefs openly, without any diflimulation. AVO'WaBL'E, Adj. [from avoiu and able] that which may be publicly owned without liiiTembling, and fometimes without fhame. AVOWAL, S. [from avoiv] a public confeflion, without the leaft dillimulation, AVO'WEDLY, Adv. [from avowed and /y] in a public open manner j profclledly j publicly, AVOWE'E, S. [avoue\ Fr.] the perfon to whom the prefentation of any benefice, or the right of advowfon, belongs. AVO'VVER, S, [from avoiv and er"] one who openly profefles, afferts, or declares, with- out diffimuUtion. AVO'WRY, S. [from avoiu'\ in Law, the avotving or confefling the having taken a dif- trefs for rent, when the perfon diftrained fues for a replevin. AURE'LIA, S. [from aurum, gold] in Natural Hifl:ory, the fecond change of a cater- pillar towards a moth or fly, in which itfeems deprived of motion, receives no nouri/hmerit, and appearing fometimes with a yellow or gold coloured fkin, is called by this name. AURE'LIaN, S. [from aurelia^ a natura. lift, who applies himfelf to fludy the various changes of infedls; fometimes applied to one who breeds and defctibes the various ftatee of moths and butterflies. AU'RICLE, S. [auriculus, Lat.] in Ana tomy, the external ear, or that part which is prominent from the head. AURI'CULAR, Adj. [from «Kr;V«/fl, Lat.] that which belongs to the in aqua reg:d. Aurum (iotainle, a dilTolution of gold which makes it drinkable, AU'SPICE, S. [aufpicium, Lat.] the art of divinjtion, coniined to the fliglits or finging of birds; a prorpcrous event, or the favour and prote£lion of a lucky perfon. AUSPI'CIAL, Adj. [irom auffice] that which relates to aufpicc. AUSPI'CIOUS, Adj. [itamaujpUe] that which promifes futcefs j favourable, tortunate, kind, propitious, applied to psrfons. AUSPI'CIOUSLY, Adv.' [Uom an fpkmn and /yj in fuch a manni;r as to piomiie fac- cefs, alluding to the ancient method of con- fulting the aufpices, before the emoarking in any undertaking. AU'STERE, Adj. [auJJerus, Lat.] applie4 to morals, rigid, and mortified, oppofed to effeminate, or luxurious. Applied to taftes, rough, four, and aftringenC, like that of un- ripe fruits. AUSTERE'LY, Adv. [from aujlere and /yj in a rigid, mortifying manner. AUSTE'RITY, S. [from aup.-e] a (late of rigid feverity and mortification, fometimes including the fecondary idea of fournefs, or morofenefs : feverity orhar.Tjnefs of difcipline. AU'STRAL, Adj, [aujiralis, Lat.J that which is towards the fouth. AUTHE'NTIC, or AUTHE'MTICAL, Adj. [authentkus, Lat.J in Grammar, a thing of eftabliihed authority ; that which is at- tended with all the proofs, and attefted by perfons who deferve credit. AUTHE'NTICALLY, Adv. [frohti cu- thentical and ly\ in fuch a manner as to pro- curs credit. To AUTHE'NTICATE, V. A [autbvtl^ quer, Fr,] to eilablifh a thing by the neceflary proofs of it? genuincnefs. AUTHEN Tl/CITY, S. [from autkenuc] earj lecret or pri- Va e, as if whifpered in a perlon's ear, Airi- I the genuinenefs of a thing, fupported by pro- (ular confejjion, in U.e Romilh church, is the per proofs and authorities. 4 AUTHE.V- A U T AUTHE'NTICLY, Adv. [from euthervc and ly] in luch a manner as to evince a thing to br genuine. AU'THOR, S. \_autenr, Fr. auEir.r, Lat.] in its more pioper fenfe, one who creates, or produces any thing ; the original inventor or difcoverer of any new art or principle; one %vho writes upon any fubjeft, oppoftid to a tranfli'.tor or compiler. AUTHORITATIVE, Adj. [from a"tho- r/VyJ that which has an influence over another} that which commands or obliges. AUTHO'RITATlVELY,Adv.[froma«- thoutatiTe and ly\ in fuch a manner as to be- Ipeak proper authority or licence. AUTHORITATIVENESS, S. [from au- tboritat'i've and w/s] that quality which fliews a perfon to be properly licenfed, or to have au- thority for the doing any thing. AUTHO/RITY, S.' [autcrite, Fr. auHo- r'ltas, Lat.] a power which leaves a perlon the liberty of choice, arifing from fuperiority of rank or reafon ; includes the fecondary idea of refped, and is applied to God, with rei'pe<ft to his creatures ; and to parents, with refpect to their children : applied to arguments, it denotes their ftrength. AUTHORIZA'TION,S.[fromau/itWi;e] the aft of communicating authority. To AUTHORIZE, V. A. [jutorifer, Fr ] to give a perfon licence or authority to perform a thing j to encourage; to juftify; 10 give credit. AUTO'CRASY, [from a-S:<^, and xp ©-■, Gr.] independent power. AUTO DA FEE, S. '[Span, an aft of faith j a folemn d^v afiigned by the incjuiruion for the puniftiment ot heretics, or the acquit- tal of thofe who have been unjuftly accufed as fuch. AUTOGR.4.'PHlCAL, Adj. [of auT<^, and y«a;+.a), Gr.] that which is wrote by a perfon b own hjn.l. AUTO'GR APHY, S. [SetJuUgraf^bica!] a perfon's own hand-wiiting. An original, o-poTed to a copy. AUTOMA'TICAL, Adj. [from automa- tcn] that which hath the qualities of an auco- maton, or is endued with a power to move it- felf. In the animal cpconomy, applied by Eoeihaave to expre's thoie motions, which arife purely from the firudtute of the body, and over which the will has no power, AUTO'MATON, S. [from av/^ and fjia-ai, Gr.] in r.Iechanics, an engine which moves of itfelf, or a mschine which has the principle < ' motion in itfelf, AUTQ/MATOUS, Adj. [dom autornaf on] tjiii* which has the power of motion in itfelf. A/UTOPSY, -S. [from au'^ nnd c-j-, Gr.j the feeing a thing with one's own eyes. Applied by the ancients to the communica- tions whicn the foul had with the gods in the E!euf>nian mvfttries, AU'TOPTiCAL, A^], [from au'offy] A W A that which is feen by a per.'on's own eyes. AUTO/PTlCALLY,Adv. [from a;/«/.n<tf; and /y] in fuch a manner as a perfon may be an eye-wirnefs. AU'TUMN, S. [autumnus,Lit.'] in Aftro- nomy, the third feafon of the year, wherein the fruits are gathered in, commencing at the equinox, and ending at the winter folftice ; indudmg the months of Aiiguft, September, and OdJober. Some nations co.mputed their years by. autumns, the Saxons by winter;, and, according to Tacitus, the Germans had no idea of this feafon. In Alchymy, the time employed in bringing the procefs for the philofopher's ftone to perfeftion. AUTU'.MNAL, Adj. [autcv.nal, Fr.] that which belongs to autumn ; that which is pro- duced in autumn. In Aftronomy, ^\\t autum- nal point is that poi.nt of the equinoctial line, from whence the fun begins to defcend to- wards the S. The cutumr.al figns are Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius. A VU'LSION, S. [auulfio, Lat.] the aft of pulling afcnder two bodies already united, im- plying the fecondary idea of feme exeitien of force. AUXILIAR, or AUXILIARY, S. [a»m- /i<2i/f, Fr,] a peifon who aflifJs another, whe- ther in war, peace, works of ftreng.h, or the produfts of the uaderllanding. Sometimes applied to things. AUXILIAR, or AUXILIARY, Adj. [auxiliaris, Lat.] that which aftords help, or afliftance. In Grammar, applied to fuch verbs 3S are prefixed to others, and help to conju- gate certain tenfes, which are on that account named compound ones. To AWA'IT, V. A. [from a and wait^ to expeft a thing future ; to be referved, or defigned for. To AWA'KE, V. A. [from a-zvacian, or 'H'eccian, Sax,] to raife from fleep. Figura- tively, to reduce a thing in a dormant or latent Rate into aftion, Neuterly, itfignifies to ceafe to fleep. To be AWA-'KE, V, N. to be cautions ; to be on one's guard ; to take fuch meafures as not to be furprifed by an approaching ca- lamity, or enemy. AWAKE, Part, [from the verb] fhaking off fleep. To AV/A'KEN, V. A. [Pret, axuakened, from a-wjcian, Sax.] See AWAKE. This fecms to be the beft word. To AWA'RD, V. A.J from a and wtarj, Sax.] to pafs fenrence, or determine a contro- verfy, as an arb.trator. Figuratively, to give one's opinion. AW.VRD.S.ffrom the verb] the jutfgment or opinion of a perfon chofen bycontend ng par- lies, to deterifiine a diflerence between them. A'WARE, Adj. perceiving J cautious; or upon one's guard. A'WAY, Adj. [atveir, Sax.] after the verb^o, or it, it implies abfer-t, «r out of f:ght. A X L %ht. At the beginning of a fentence, it has the force of a verb in the imperative mooJ^ and iignifies, leave this place. '' Auay, old man." i^halefp. Sometinies joined to a verb, it implies to lofe, including the idea of kvifh- ing, fquandering, or prolnUon, AWE, S. [from'fiw, Arm.] a fefpea mixed with terror, inciuding the idea of lu- perior rank, authority, or parts. To AWE, V. A. [from the noun] to influence a perfon by one's authority, dignity, or age. AWFUL, Adj. [from a^ve and /«//] that ■which ciufes refpe£l joined with fc'ar, on ac- count of its dignity, authority, or age. AWFULLY, Adv. [from ait/i/and lf\ in fuch a manner as to command refpeiV, j.jined with fear; including tlie fecondary ideas of authority and digniiy. A'WFULNESS, S. [from <2«-/L/and r.ej{\ that quality which attrails refpeft mixed with fear. A WHI'LE, Adv. [from a and nuhiie'^ (pace, or interval, applied to time j fome time. AWKWARD, Adj. [from aiucd, Sa'j.] applied to the mind, perveife; applied to the behaviour, clumfy ; unhandv ; clownifh, AW/KWAP<.DLy, Adv.' [from awkivard and /y] in a ciumfy manner. A'WKWAROkESS, S. [from aiukward and nefi^ that quality which fhews a perlon not to have been converfant with the elegan- cies of polite life ; and denotes him to be clownifh and clumfy. AWL, S. [a.'V, ale, Sax.] a fharp-pointed inQrument ufed by ihocmakevs to make holes, in order to expedite their work. AWNING, S. [from aulne, Fr.] the hang- ing a fail, or tarpaulin, over any part of a fliip to keep the fun off. A'WRY, Adv. [from a and ivry~\ out of a ftraight line j out of a perpendicular direc- tion ; on one fide ; not even. Figuratively, erroneoufly. " Much of the foul they talk, but all anvy.''" Par. Reg. AX, or AXE, S. [from acje, Sax.] a car- penter's inftrument to hew wood ; its eJ e ta- pers to the middle of the blade, and it h'^s a Jong hancle to be ufed with both hands. AX'IOM, S. (a^iijjMa, C] a proportion whofe truth is fo ckar, that it is known as foon as propofed, and cannot admit of proof by any tiling more ckar, plain, or evident. A'XIS, S. [Lat.j a line, either real or imaginary, drawn through the center of a body, about which i: turns. Axh in perhrocb'o, , is one of the five mechanical powers, ufed to raife weights, and confifls of a peritrochium, or wheel, concentric witii the bafe of a cyliij tier, together with which it moves ahout its ax.s. In Botany, that long, round, fmooth part placed in the center of the jujii, about which the male or?JDs are difi)ofed. A'XLE, or A'XLE-TREE, S. [from acf:, Sax. and tieow, Sax.j a piece of wood, &c. B which pafTes tluough the center of a wiieeJ, on which it turns. AY, Adv. [from ja, Sax. or gah, Goth.] ufed to afhrm the truth of a thing. '• LeC your jy be <i>>" Matt. vi. AYE, Adv. [a, and aa, Sax. alway ; an ahvj, til aiiv'tn, and a:%u, Goth, for everj generally ufed after for, and implies time without end ; for ever; to-all eternity. A'ZIMUTH, S. [Arab.] in Alhonomy, an arch of the horizon intercepted betvv-ca the meridian of a place, and any given ver- tical line, in which the lun or ftar is 'ound. Magiulkal azimuth, is an arch of tlie hori- zon intercepted between the fun's azimuth circle, and the magnetical meridian; or the fun's apparent diftance from the N, or S, point of the compafs, ./4z,imu!h ccmfjfs is an in- ftrument ufed at fe3, for finding the fun's m<igneiic.il azimuth. Az,lmuih circ'ts are vertical circles, whicii cut each other at the p:iles, inierfeit the horizon at right angles, and are repreiented by the quadrant of altitud^^, when Icrewed on the brazen meridian at li^ie zenith of a place. AZ.U'IIE, S. [azur, Fr. axxurro, Ital. ax- 1, Spjn.] the blue colour of ih; sky. In Heralcry, the name of the blue colour in aa eicutcheoii of all below the degree of a baron, called fapphire in that of a nobleman, and Ju- piter in that of a fovereigh. A'ZURE, Adj. [from the fubfcaniive] that which is of a sky, or faint blue. A'ZYGOS, S. in Anatomy, a vein which empties itfelf intp the cava, is (ituated on the right fide of the thorax, and is fo called, be- caufe it has none to anfwer to, or pair it, on the left, AZY'MirS, S. [from a, t,vy.^., Gr.] bread whicli has no ferment or leaven. B. The fecond letter of the Engli.li al^ ^ phahet, and the firfi cor.fonant ; the ■^ fit?c letter of the ancient Irifn, and Abyflinian ; the ninth in the Ethiopic, and the fixteenth in the Armeniaij. It is called a Libia', from the rfisnni.r of pronouncing it, which is by preffing the whole lenj,th of the 1 ps together, and fcrcing them open by a flrong ^.reath. The fina'l letter feems to have been borrowed from the Hhsnician q in verted ^ and it is tifel! by the Spaniards very commoniy for a v. Among the Romans it flood for 500, v.ith a ftroke over it B, for 3C00, v.ifh -Ml accent below it, B, for soo ; and among the Greeks and Hebrews for 2 on- ly. It is ufed as an abbreviature for bachelofj, B, A. bachelor of frts, or B. bifhop, as B. Sherlock, biihop Sherlock. InJVtuhc, it is the I mi.ldle lii:;e in the treble, and fecond line in I the bafs. I BA'A, BAG BA'A, S. a found borrowed from, and ix- freflive of, the Idening of a fliL^ep. To BA'A, V. N. To bleat like a fiiecp. To BA'BBLE, V.,N. [babelen, Eele. /-'- f>i!e, Fr ] to prate like a child, without lenfe ; to betray lecret? ; to t .Ik, without regard to pl'.cc, or circumftantes. BA'BBLE, S. [Mi/, Fr.] fenfelefs prat- inp. BA'BBLEMENT, S, See BABBLE. BA'BBLER, S. [from k>b'>/e a.,.! er] one who talks without any fund of fenfe, or without proper ideas of the words he makes tife of. BABE, S. \/>at'..n, Brit, bahba'd, Bela:.] a young child of either fex. Siometimes ip- jjlied to one that can neither walk nor I'peak, BA'BISH, Adj. [from babe and Ip, of ifc, Sax.] that whicii reiembies tiie choice oi a v^ry young child ; that which belongs to a verv young child , childifh. BABO'ON, S. {habou'i'r, Fr. babuino, Ital.] in Natural Hiftory, one of the fpccies of mon- keys of the largeft fize. BA'BY, S. [See BABE] a yoi7ng child, diftinguifted from babe, becauff that is ap- plied to children who can both walk and fpeakj but this to thofe who can do neither. BACCHANA'iJA, S. in Antiquity, a feaft celebrated in honour of Bacchus, and at- tended with irregularities of condii£l, immo- defty, intemperance, and debauchery. BACCHANA'J.IAN, S. [from baccha^n- Tio] one who attended the feaft of Bacchu'. Figuratively, a riotous, drutiken perfoH. BA'CCHANALS, S. Ibaccfjanalia, Lat.] See BACCHANALIA, BA'CCHIUS, .S. [from Eaccljtis'] in ancient Poetry, a foot confiding of three lyllable?, the firft of which is fliort, and the two laft long 5 deriving its name from being ufed in the hymns compofed in honour of Bacchus. BACCl'f EROUS, Ai^i. [kaccifer, Lat.J in Botany, fiich vegetables as bear berries, fefr. EACCI'VOROUS, Adj. [from bacea, Lat. a berry, and 'voro, Lat. to devour] that which feeds on, or devours berries. BA'CHELOR, S. [haccalaureut, Lat.] ap- plied to a perfon who has never been married. One vi'ho takfs the firft degrees in any pro- feflion ; introduced by Pope Gregory IX. Kni^h'i bachelors are the loweft degree of knig)>ts, as tlieir title in French denotes, viz. has chc'valkrs. BA'CHELORSHIP, S. [from bachelor and P^if\ the rtate of an unmarried man \ the ftate, dignity, or office of a graduate, or bachelor, at an univerfity. BACK, S. [hnc, back. Sax. hack, 111.] in Anatomy, the hind part of the human ftruc- ture, from the neck to the thighs. Applied to the hands, that part oppofite to the palms. Applied to the array of an army, the rear. Applied to fituation, the hind part, or that vbitJi i« Hot in fight. Applied to any edge- B A C tool or infinimeot, the iliickefl part of fh'S- blade, oppolt:d to the edge. A large fqnarC trough or ciftern, ufed by brewers to hold li quor in; which feems derived from backe, Iff. a fhiire, or bok, Perf, Figuratively, a fupport* er, or one who who will lecond another in aa attempt. Uftd with the words turn and h':s, it: im'|ilies abfence. " His /.ack was no foontr turned, &c." Da-vics. BACK, Adv. [en ^^c, or onhaeeking. Sax.] applied to motion, to the place from whence a perfon came. Applied to action, to retreat.. Applied to time, that which is pafV. hhtr ket'p, applied to the increale oi plants, to ftop of hinder the growth. To BACK, V. A. [from the noun] t» mount a horfe ; to break him for the faddle ; to make him go backwards by pulling the reins. Figuraiiveiy, to fccoiid, fupport, or affift. To BA'CKBITE, V. A. \(,omhack and bitc^ to fpeak againft a peifoii in his abfence. BA'CKBITER, S. [from backhite wA er] one who cenfures the conoucf, or vilifies the adfion« of a perfon in his abfence. BA'CK-UOOR, S, [Uom back zM door] a door or p.iilage out of a lioufe behind, oppoled to the front. Figuratively, a piivate palfage. BA'CKED, Pa;t. [I torn bjck] having a back. Forced to po go backwards. BA'CK-FRlEND,S.[fromy^.;^and/f«r(^] a falfe friend ; or I'ecret enemv. BA'CK-GAM'MON, S, 'a game played with dice and men on a board, or table, ve- neered (or that purpofe. BA'CK HOUSE, S. [from baching houft] the building which lies behind a houfe. BA'CKSIDE, S. [from back and fide] the hinder j;art of anything. Applied, with de- cency, to the pofteiiors of a human creature, as not conveying fo coarfe an idea, as the pro- per term. Figuratively, a yard or ground be- hind a houfe. To BA'CKSLIDE, V. N. [from back and JJ'de} in Divinity, to return to idolatry, alter having quitted it ; to apoftatize j to quit the true mode of vvorfliip. BA'CKSLIDER, S. [from iackjlidt and er] one who quits cbe true religion, in order to embrace a falfe one ; an apoftate. B AC'K-STAIRS, S. [from back andy?<j;r.i] the private flairs of a houfe, generally appro- priated to the ufe of fervants. BA'CIC STAYS, S. [from back andy?^ys] in Ship-btiilding, the ropes belonging to the main and fore mafls, whicli keep them trom pitching overboard, BA'CK -SWORD.S. [from iar^and/worif J a fword with only one fharp edge, and blunC back. Ufed figuratively, for a cudgfl, or the art of difending one's fclf with a cudgel. BA'CKWARD,orBA'CKV/ARDS,Adr. [i'Tom back, Sax. and "tvearH, Sax.] applied to m )ti<)n, it fignifies the going from a peifort with the face towards him, the legs being mo- ved BAG ve^ towards the hind, inftead of the fore part of a perfon ; towards the back, or behind upon the back. " Backiuards and forwards." Ne'uiton. Applied to tlie fuccefs of an under- taking, it ii.iplies, not \o profper or advance ; to want fuccefs. BA'CKWARDjAdj unwilling, in allufion to making advances; anticipating or meeting a perfon's wifhes; reluftant ; flow. " The hackivard learner." South, BA'CKWARD, S. applied to time, fome period that is pail j or a portion of time already paft. BA'CKWARDLY, Adv. [from hackward and /y] applied to the motion whereby a per- fon retreats or goes from another with his face towards him; in a perverfe, unwilling man- ner; reluctantly. BA'CKV/ARDNESS, [from hackivard, and wir/sj that quality which proceeds from a diflike of the meafures a perfon is to put in praftice, the undertaking he is to accomplifli, or the perfon he is to oblige, including the idea of flownefs. BA'CON, S. [from haeancn, Brit] the flefh of a hog faked and dried, having the briOies burnt with ftraw. To fave one's hacon, is a low phrafe for preferving one's felf from liKrt or mifchief. BA'CON [Francis] the glory and orna- ment of his age and nation, was fon of SirNi - cholas Bacon, lord keeper ot the great feal,and of Ann, daughter of Sir Anthony Cook, tutot to Edward VI. He v;as born at York-houfe, in 1561, and gave fuch early proofs of an ex- traordinary genius, that his converfation was courted by perfons of the higheft rank, when a boy; and fo much was queen Elizabeth charm- ed with the folidity of his {trSz, that fhe would often call him \ii.x young lord keeper. Her ma- jefty once aflcing him how old he was, he re- turned this witty and complimentary anlwer, that be nvas tivo years yourger than her Kajefty^i happy reign. On his return from the univer fity, hir ^n'her fent him to France, to improve under that honeft and able minifter Sir Amias Paulet, ambalfador at Paris. Here he fo gained the coaiidence of that minifter as to be Tent by him on a commiflion of great importance to the <5ueen, which he executed with lo much judg- ment, as procured to himfelf, and the arrbafi'a- dor, great credit. At nineteen years of age, he wrote a fuccinfl viewof theflate of Europe at that time. His father dying while he was abroad, and leaving him but a very flender for- tune, he applied himfelf to the ftudy of the Jaw,and for that purpofe entered himfelf in the fociety of Gray's-Inn ; but not confining him- felf entirely to law, but indulging his extenfive genius to a free contemplation of the whole circle of fcience, he framed the plan of that great philofophical work, which will not only reader him immortal, but do honour 10 his rounuy. After difcharging the office of reader •J Gra)f"s-ln.i, in jjSS, in the a^th \ear of BAG h's age, the queen appoineed him hercounfal learned in the law extraordinary. He wrote fe- vcral treatifes on law fubjeifls; in all which he gave evident proofs of his great abilitiesi He likewife diflinguifhed himlelf in the houfe of commons, where his fentiments were fo ap- proved, that tho' he generally fpoke on the fide of the cuurt, he was always looked upon as a Iriend to the people. After the dcceafe of the queen, he compofed a memorial of the happi- nefs ot her reign, which did equal honour t<j hel-adriiiniftrarjon, and the capacity of itc au- thor. He applied very early to her fucctifor K.James I. wiih a tender of his fervice, which was kindly received. On the ;3d of July, 1603, he was introduced to theking atWnite- hall, and received the henour of knighthood. In 1604, he conftituted him, by patent, one of his counfel learned in the law, with a fee 0/40!. a year. He granted him likewife a penfion of 60I. a year, for fpecial fervices received from his broilier and himfelf. In 1605, he pub- lilhed the firft fpecimen of his great work, in his book of tLc Adijjincement of Learning. The king employed him to prevail with the parlia- ment to agree to an union, between the two kingdoms,and he laboured this pomt with great diligence but without efr'eft. He married Alice, daughter of Bcnedift Barnham, Efq, an ald<rman of London, with an ample for- tune, but he never had any children by her. Soon after, he was appointeri folicitor. In this ftation, he was very lerviceable in expediting matters in parliament,agreeable to his mafter's defire. Amidft fo many arduous affair? oi ftate, he found leifure to prosecute iiis philofophic iludies, and in fome meafure digefted the plan of his great work, which he tranfmitted to his friends, in order to have their free fentiments upon the fubjedl, by which means he was ena- bled to finilh thofe parts of his Injiawation to fo high a degree of perfection. He publilhed in 1 6 10, his celebrated treatife oftbiV/^jdomof the Antienti, in which he {hewed that none had ftudiedthemmoreclofely, was better acquainted with ihirir beautie.^, or had pierced deeper intu their meaning. In 1 61 1, he procured the office of judge of the marfhal's court", jointly with Sir Thomas Vavafor. On SirHenry Ho- hart's being made chief juliice of the Common Pleas,Sir Francis fucceeded him in his piace of atrorney-general, in 1613. His credit at this time wis fo great with tlie king, that his nia- jefty depended chiefly on his integrity and abili- ties in the mofi difHcuh affairs of Hate, par- ticularly in healing the breich between the twa courts ot King's Bench and Chanceiy, which, by the haughtinels of lord chiel juftice Coke, had bcengrcatly widened, Atterhe had occupied fhisofHce three years, he was advanced to that of lord keeper of the grfat leal, in the room oi chancellor Egcrton. In the year 161S, Sir Francis had the title given him of lord high chancellor of England, and in the fame year he was created baton of Vctulam. Tho"he.hai I i now ' '^ BAG new bufinefs fufl-.cicni to engrofs tlifi gve.atefl; pari oi'' liis timr, he did not negleft his piiilo- ir,:phic ftudies j for in j6io, he feiit his mafter the moft peifedl and important work that ever fell from his per>, his No-vum Oigavtm!' Soon Kfrcr, his lordfhip was raifed to the oi^ iiiiy u* a vikouiir, by the flyle and titl^f v.icount St. Albans in the cftonty of Hertford, lie was now arrived at the higneft honours, when ie- veral complaints hi- tnibery and corruption a- gainft him v.'ere laid before the parliarnent, and thfv being fupponed by evidence, as well as by his own confefRon and fucmifiion, he was fined 40,oooj, ijjiprifoned in the Tower, du- ring the icing's pleafure, rendered incapable ot lioliling any employment in the ilate, of ever fi'.ting in parliament, cr coming within the verge of the court. Thus fell this great man from the veryfummit of dignityand honour,and in his fail had nothing left him but his bare titles, which were faved by the tendernefs of the biihops. After a (hort confinement in thi; Tov/er, he was diltharued, and foon after had other inJulgencies granted him by the king, >vho at length figned a warrant for his pardon, ,Thefe favours Tetiling the mind, .-snd raifing the fpirits of his.lordfhip, he applied himfelf again to his ftudies v.-.;h vigour, and the next year pubiiihed hiJ U'fiory of king Henry VII. Kowever, his debts bore fiard upon him; for though he had a penlion irom the crown of 1200I. a yezr; his grant from the alienation office w<:s 600 1. a year; and his own eftate 7C0I. j-er annum 'y his debts amour.ted to 5CjOCC>l. which v/as a load enough to deprefs £im. He did,.->othov. ever fuft'er his misfortunes cr difappoihtments to hurry his thoughts to the prcjudiceof his fiudies. An inftance of which will always do honour to hii memory, reported by Dr. Rawley, One day his loidihip was dictating to that doftor fome of his expeii- rncnts in his SyU'a, and the fame i^^ he had fenc a fr'cnd to court, to receive for him a final anfwer, toucliing the efledl of a grant ^hich had been made hiiA by king James. His friend returning, told him plainly, that he mull thenceforth defpsir of that grant, how much foever his fortune needed it. Bt it fo, faid his lordfhip, and then difmifled his friend very cheari'ully j and coming directly to Dr. Rawley, faid to him, ?/^/4 '■''"'» jO'"' tt/jintfi ivont ^0 c^!, Itt ut go on with this in mr pTjiver ; apd th.en didlated to hirn afreili fcr fome hours, without any diicernible inter- ruption of thought. A new pailiims.a bsing called in 1613^ he employed his ;.rjri in poli- ticnj fubjc£t'=, ;■! much to ths fatisfactic-a of the kinf, thst he granted hi:r. a (xtc paidon, which was ona of the Joft a€f.-' of his govern- cnent ; in virtue of which. Lis lord.liip was fummoned the kcond parliament in the next reign, though his infirmities would not permit him to attend. Being fenfible his end drew r.:i.h, he ;re;;ared himfcif for it. By hi.s viAlf he conuniueu fcveral of his Latia anU # BAD nhilofoDhical compofitions to the care of Sir William Bofwel, his niajefty's agent in Hol- land, where they were afterwards pubiiihed by Gruter. His orations and letters he commend- ed, the rirA to Sir Humphrey May, chancellor of the cutchy ; and to the billiop of Lincoln, the letters, to be preferved. By this judicious care, moft of his papers have been handed down to pofterity, and coIle£\ed into volumes. The fevere winter, which followed the infec- tious fummer of 1625, brought him very lowj but the fpring reviving his fptrits, he made a little excurfion into the country, in order to try fome experiments in Natural Philo- fophy. Being taken iill on the way, he was obliged to flay at the earl of Arundel's at Highgate, about a week, and there expired, on the 9th of April, 1626, in the 66th year of his age, and was privately buried in the chapel oi St. Michael's church, within the piovince of Old Vetulam. BACL'LE, S. [fr.j in Fortification, a kind of portculhf, or gate, made like a pit- fall, wijh a counterpoife, fupported by two flakes, placed before the corps du guarde, ad- vanced near the gite, BACULO'METRY,' S.;theart of mea- furing acceilible or inacceffible heights, by means of fiaves or rod?. BAD, Adj. a relative term. Confined to natural agents, that which lefiens or deft:roy» the happinefs of ourfelves or others. Applied to moral agents,. that which they voluntary perform, in order to leden or deftroy theif own happinefsj or that of others. Applied to perfons, o.ne who- habitually tranfgrefl'es the laws ot d'jiy prellribed by the Deity. Applied to a£lions, that which is performed contrary to any moral law. Applied to things, that v'hicliis prejudicial to our health, happinefs, BAD, or BADE, is the prefer tenfe of tid, in imitation ol bad, at bad, the preter of b\d- datiy Sax. or Lath, the preter of b'ldgan. Goth. BADGE, S. [from bad. Sax. a token, or biig-Mg, Arm. a markj a mark worn by a pcrfon to denote his dignity, profefiion, trade, rmk, C^f. To BADGE, V. A. \bad\an, Sax.] to ^eX. a mark on 3 perfon J to ftjgraatize. "Their hands and faces were all badgcd with blood."' BA'DGER, S. [%■«/»!, Lat.] in Law, one who is licenfed to buy corn in orie place, fell it at another, and is exempted from the f unilhment of an engrofier, by 6 Ed. VL BA'DGER, S. IbcJoiir, fr. or bader, Teut.j in Natural Hiftory, a wild four-fooled bsaft, fomewhat larger ih;n a fox, and re- Icrn'iling a hog and i og. I: dwells in burrows, lives on infe£t?, cani^jn, .inc .^rult, ftinks very much, fattens by llecping, and fliews its age by the number of-hn'es in its tail, one being added every year. BA'DiY, Adv. .['r.w hd and /y] not agreeable B A I fgreeatle to a perfon's wiflies ; in a manner 'neon fi {lent with/a perfon's undertakings. Ap- plied to health, fickly. Applied to the exe- cution of any thing, not fuitable to the ideas of tart", plepance, or proportion. BA'DNESS, S. [Irom bad and w/s] a quality wliich denotes a perfon habitually to tranfgrtfs agdnft the laws of his nature. Appiiici to things, it denotes that they are inconfiftent with the good, eafe, or pleaiure of rational '-.r irrational beings. Applied to roads, \t (ignifies (hat they cannot be travelled with eafe or pieafure. Applied to weather, it de- notes a want ol ferenity, cahnnels orfunftiine. Applied to health, that it is iniirm, and in- teiiuptcd with ficknefs. To BA'fFLE, V. A. [haff.f, Fr.] to ren- der the csre of another infig ificant, to fruf- trate tl-'e intentions of anot.ner. BA'f FLER, S, [from bnfie and er] the perfon or thing, wliich defeats, or renaers any defign abortive. BAG, S. [t'rom ba^ge, Ifl.] in its primary fenfe, a receptacle made of linen, f:lk, or leather, to contain any thing, in the fhapeof a long fquare when empty, and open oaly at ©.■^e of iis ends, whicii is called the mouth. Likewife a kind of fmallar bag, maje of black' fiik, worn by g-^ntlemen over the hind locks of their hair, or perukes, as an ornament. In Natural Hillory, the thin membrane, or cyftis, containing the poifon of vipers, which they lay out of their mouths, when ealing their food; that which contains the honey in bi:es, Gfc. In Commerce, i C. wt. oiF alrrioiids ; from zto 4 of annifced ; itom i -i-half to 3 C. pepper j from z to 4 of goats hi\r, arid trom 2 i-4th to 4 i-4th C. of cotton yarn, &€. To Bag, V. A. [See the noun] to put into a bag j to load with a bag. '~ nafgd up hot." Moit, " Baggd\n a blue cloud." Dryd. *' Baggd with liis honey'd venom." D>yd. Ufed neuteriy, to fwell fo as to refemble a full bag. BAGATE'LLE, S. [Fr.] a thing of no confcquence ; a tiifle ; a toy. BA'GGAGE, S. [Fr. ballo, Jtal.] the utenfils of an army, fo called from theirjbeing packeJ up in bags. Bag and baggage, a low phrafe, to fignify all a perfon's goods ; a wo- man of no charafter; a prollitute. BA'GNIO, S. [from bagnn, Iial.] a houfe for baihing, cupping, fweating, ^nd fwimming. BAG Pli-'E, S. [from bjg and ;>!>(•] in Mu- fic, a w;nu i.'iOrumentmuch ufed in the north. BAGUE'TIE, S. [Fr. a diminutive of hague, Fr, a jt^wclj in Archiredtme, a little round moulding lefs than an afiragal, BAIL, S, [from baillcr, Fr.J the aft of freeing, or fetting a perfon at libevy wlio is a; refted or imptifoned for an si£l civil or criini B A L calJet!, becaufeany fecuritiet are taken. 5/>#- cw//?'ii/7is in caufes of greater weight, as debts amounting to 10 1. where tho fiireties '.Tiuft be fubfidy men, snfwerableto the value. To BAIL, V. A. [See the noun] to de- liver a perfon from artefl', or imprifonment, by being furety for his appearance at a ccrtaia day ; to admit to bail. BA'iLABLE, Adj. [from ba'xl ini ablel that which the law permits to be let at liber- ty on proper furcties. B VILIFF, S. [haUte, Fr.] in Law, an officer who is empowered to execute writs, arreft or take a perfon into cuftody ; one who manages a perfon's eftates in the country, and is a kind ot under-fteward. BAl'LIWiC, S. [from ^ai7/;e and w;V, Sax. a village or difiridlj the place or jurifdidion of a bailift', within his hunared, or the lord's iranchife To BAIT. V. A. [batan. Sax. baltxcn, Teur.] to put meat on a hook, &c. in ordjr to caich fifh or other animals ; to re'rcfa cni-'s felf or cattle by ealing on a journey j toatta.k with violence ; to fcl dogs upon. BAIT, S. [baitxe, Teut.] a piece of fiefh, or.ot.her lure, made ufe of to catch fifh, oren- fnare animals. Figuratively, an allurement, or enticement; any thing which, under a Ipecioua appearance, contains mifchief initfeU, or pro- duces it by its confequences. A refrrfliment on a journey, generally applied to cattle. B.A1ZE, S. [baey, Belg." bay, Teut. haietta, Ital.] a coaife open woollen cloth, with or without a frize, without a wale, and wrought like flannel, in a loom with two treddles. To Bake, v. a. to drefs or heat any- thing in an oven. Figuratively, to hardea with heat. BA'KE-HOUSE, S. \Jromhakc and Z.o.v>] a place where bread is made, rendered eatable by the heat of an oven, and expofed to fale ; and where other meat or paftry is drefTed. BA'KER, S. one who fubfifts by making bread and baking. This trade is both very ancient and ufeful, and was a brotherhood iti England before 1155, in the reiga of Hen. II. The white bakers were incorporated in 1307 by Edw. Ii. and the brown in i6zi, in Jam. ll's time. BA'L.'iNCF., S. [Fr. hhnx, Lat.] in Me- chanics, one of the lix fimple powers, ufed tor finding the quality or difl'cience of weights irt heavy bodies. Figuratively, tlie aft ot com- paring two ideas in {he mind. In Commerce, the fum which one fide of an acco.inci-arrer.t wants of being pqual to the other. In a po- litical fenfe, that pitch of power wh'ch is necellary to keep between flat-s, in order to prevent ei'iu-r from acquiring univcrfal mo- narchy. In Trade, the tquahUDf imporiing nal, under f.'turity taken for his f.ppcarance ; Ifofeigi commojities, witn tnc exporting of likewife the perfon who gives' fuch fecurity, nativa ones; and when one nation exports lefs Ba'ilh either common or fpecial, Cowwj;;] than it impons, then the bUmce ot tradoi ball is in adtions of ftnall coiicein, and is la faid to be agaiull: it, and luu'.l be paid in I ul- 1 y Itoiu B A L lien. In Watch or Clock-work, that pait which regulates the beats. Jn Aftronomy, the fv^n called Libra. Ilydioji^tioil balonce is an inHrunient which deiermines the Jpecific gravity of fluids and folids, by weighing them in water. To B.V-LANCE, V. A. {balawr, Fr..] to wtigh in a pair of fcales ; to bring two bodies to an eqiiipoife in a pair of fcales. In Mercantile afTaiis, the making the creditor and debtor fide of an account, equal by the addition of as much as the one is lefs than the ether. Figuratively, to atone for former fail- 1 a ridge ef land left unplowed, between two B A L tivcly by fdilors, for laving water oij^ of a vef^ fel, iiiftead of pumping. DA'I.EFUL, Adj. [from hale and fulf] full of sngufli, pain, mifcty, mifchief, and grief j very fatal, or de!iru£\ive to the health. BA'LEFULLY, Adv. [ixom bahfuUrA /y] in fuch a manner as produces iorrow, angiiifhj calamity, and ficknefs, BALK, S. {balk, Belg. and Teut. /.^/cs, lial.J a large piece of timber ; a beam ; a rafter or pole over any out-houfc: or barn. BALK, S. [from lalicdie] in Hiifl:)andry, irags by one's future conduit 5 to be in a fldte of fufpenfion. The feeming equality of oppo- fite motives, applied to the mind, BA'LANCE-MASTER, S. [itom balance furrows, or at the end of a field. Figuratively, the difappointment of a perfoa's curiofity, or expeiElations, after having excited them. To BALK, V. A. [from the noun] to and majlerj one, who from his knowledge of difanpojiit a pjrfon's expeftations, after excit- the centers of gravity and motion in bodies, 1 ing them ; to render a perfon's endeavour^ entertains the vulgar with feveral feats of ba- ineiieflual ; to fmftrate; to mifs j to omit. lancing bodies in different fituaiions BA/LANCER, S. [from ha/ame and er] tlie perfon wiio weighs any thing, or makes weights iu oppofite fcales. BALCONY, S. [balcon, Fr.] in Archi- tefture, a projeflure beyond a wall or buiKlinc, generally before a window, fupported by pil Jars or confoles, and furrounded by bannifters, or balluftrades. BALD, Adj. [bal, Brit.] that which hat)) lofl: its hah. Figuratively, applied to trees, ftripped of their leaves. Applied to ftile in writing, unadorned ; void of elegance. BA'LDACHIN, S. [balduchwo, Ital.] in Archite<fture, a canopy fupported with co- lumns, and ferving as a crown or covering to an altar. BA'LDERDASH.S, any thing jumbled to- gether without tafte, judgment, or difcretion. BA'LDLY, Adv. [from bald and ly] with- out hairs, applied 10 nnimals ; without leaves, applied to trees ; without ornaments, or ele- gance, applied to writings, or buildings. BAL'DNESS, S. [from <^flA/ and ^/f/i] ap- plied to animals, the warit or lofs of hair ; applied to trees, lofs of leaves ; and applied to writings, paintings, and buildings, want of ornament or elegance. BA'LDRICH, S. [from bale, and riV,'Sax.] a belt, worn hanging from the fhould^'r acrnfs the breaft, on which the Iword was formerly hung, not unlike that worn by our foldiery at prefent, to which they fallen their pouches. Figuratively, the zodiac circle, which cuts the globe obliquely, as the belt formerly was fuf- pendcd. BALE, S. [balli, Fr. bale, Teut. and Belg.] a quantity of goods or commodities, packed in cloth, corded round very tight. Bale goods ate fuch as are exported in bales. BALE, S. [from bala^^arr, Go'h,] fome- thing which deprives a perfon of happineis, or health ; milery. r.r guilTi, calamity. To BALE, V. :,. fenbeller, Fr. en.laUare, Ital. J to pack goods up in a bale. Ui'ed ac- whei) the contrary is expefted. BA'LKERS, S. in Fifhery, perfons whq fldnd on a cliff to inform the fifhermen which way th- fhoal of herrings goes. BALL, S. any thing of a round form. Ball atidfocket, in Mechanics, confiRs of a ball or Iphere of brafs, fixed in a concave femi-globe with an end lefs fcrew, that it mjy be moveable horizontally, vertically, and obliquely, and is generally added to furveying inftruments, to fix them in any pofition. BALL, S. {ball, Fr. from bailer, to dance] an entertainment wherein people are aflem- bled to dance. The puilic dances wherein mafters difplay the abilities of their fcholars in this qualific.ition, go by this name. BA'LLAD, S. [balade,, Fr. balatta, Ital.] words fet tomufic, and performed by a finger, Atprefent the word is appropriated and con- fined to trifling pieces fet to mufic, and fung about the' (Ireets. To BA'LLAD, V. N. to make a perfon the fubieit of a ballad. BALLAD SINGER, S, [from ballad AnA fi/iger] one who fings ballads in the public ftreets ; including the fccondaiy idea of lomic- thini^ very mean. BA'LLAST, S. [behlejiin. Sax. ballaj}, Belg. and Teut.] a quantity of ftones, fand or gravel, laid in a ihip's hold, to fink it to a proper depth, i. e. to make it draw more wa- ter, or fail upright, and to prevent its over- fetting ; and a ihip is faid to be in ballafi, when it has no other lading. Figurative- ly, that which is ufed to keep any thing ileady. To BA'LLA.ST, V. A. [from the noun] to lade a fhip with ftones, fand, CSfc to keep her fleady. Figuratively, the addition of fom»- thing to keep a thin? (leady. B.A'LLETTE, S. [Fr. a diminutive of /'<3';'j a ftage dance, which is mixed with dramatic ch. ratleis, and alludes to fome alliens in real life, or fibulous hilfrjry. B.VLLIAGE, S. a I'mall duty paid to the city B A L clttf of London by aliens and den'zer.s, for cenain comrDodities exported bv ihem. JBA'LLON, or BALLO'ON,S. [LaHon, Fr.] in Chemiihy, a la'ge, iTiO' t-necke.l, round veiTel, orrnacrals, to receive the Ipirits which corr.e over, or are >!ravvn otf by fire. In Archi- teflure, a ball or globe on the top of a pillar, &c. by way ot acrowniryg. In Fii-e- works, a ball of pafteboard, filled with combuftiblcs. ■which mounts to a confiderable heigiit, and burfts into ftars. BA'LLOT, S. [baUotte, Fr.] a little ball made ufe of at eleftions, (S'c, in giving votes ; the fum of votes fo colle£ted. At prefent ap- plied to the votes which are gi ven at eleftions, by each perlon's holding up his hand j forne- times by a ticket dropped into fonie receptacle. To BA./LLOT, V. N. [boUmter, Fr.] to phoofe, by dropping a Imall ball into a box ; to choofe cr eleft, by dropping in a ticket 3 to «le£V, by holding up the hand. BALLOTA'TION, S. [from halLt'] the aft of voting or elefting by ballot, BALLOTING, S. [from ballot'] a method of voting for, or elefting a perft»n into an office. BALM, S. [bausne, Fr.] any valuable, or fragrant ointment. Figuratively, any thing that blunts, fooths, or lelfens pain. In Bo- tany, a fpecies of mint, called r.:tl'ijj'a. In Pharmacy, an oily refinous fubilance. See JiALSAM. To BaLM, V. A, ["from the noun] to anoint. Figuratively, to Iclien, or t'xith piin. B.\XMY, Adj. [from /-j/wj thit which has the qualities of balm ; that which iooths, lelfens, or mitigates pain. " Tir'd nature's .fjft reftorer, balmy fliep." Ycurg''s I^'is;ht yhoughts. Fragrant, fwcet-fcented. " O hahr.y breath !" Othello. BA'LSAM, S. [inlj'um, Lat.] in Phar- macy, an oily, refinous, fragrant hibftance, oofing from incifuns in certain plants 5 to which the ancients always appraprint'd ihe Idea of fomething very ferviceable to tht; ani- mal frame, llalfam or balm of Gilead, ilfues from an incifion made in a tree, called balja- miini, in Judea. The bah?: or baliam of Mecca, is a dry while gum which didils from a tree that grows between Medina and M<^cca, re- femMing the turpentine tree. Balf.imof Peru, apaij, cr capivi, comes frotn Peru, Gu ana, and the Levant j the hft of which is the beft, and is much ufed in gonorrheas, obftruftions in the urciers, gravel, feft. but too hot for fome jconrtitutions. Balfam of 'Tolu, drops by in- cifion from trees which grow in Spjin. BALSA'MIC, or BALSAMICAL, Adj. in Pharmacy, that which has the virtues ot balfam J being like it with refpeft to its confiftence, its mild, reflorative, and healing qualities. Baltic Sra, [in Latin Mare Vahkum.] It is properly 3 l.irgc bay 01 »; , German ocean, between Denmarkj Gerz^a;.y, Pfuflia, Cour- BAN land, Rv.llla, and Sweden. The Germaa name of Oft-fea, or Eafl-fea, feems to have been given it by the Dutch, it lying to the E. of Holland. In the Baltic is neither eb'r) nor flow J yet it is oblcrved, that the natural current of its waters goes towards the Sound ; but this may be hindered by a N, W. wind of any long continuance, which alo drive? large volumes of water into the Baltic out of the German ocean ; whence the obfervable rifing of the waters is caufed in its harbours. When the N. wind blows, the water of this fea, which is otherwife fait, becomes pretty frefh, and in fome meafure may be ufed for culi- nary purpofes ; but in general it is not very fait, on account of the great number of rivers that fall into it. The greateft depth of water in the Baltic hardly exceeds fifty fathoms. The fiihery in the Baltic is confiderable ; particularly that of the ftreamer-fifti, thebeft fort of which is called WafHuck. In winter, the Baltic is commonly frozen for three or four months ; by which its navigation is in- terrupted all that time. BA'LUSTER, S. [from balufrg, Fr.] ia Archicefture, a fmall column, or pilaller, frcin I 3-4ths of an inch, to four inches fquare, or diameter, fometimes adorned with mouldings of no certain form, and placed with lails on ftairs, and in the fronts of galleries in churches. BALLUSTRA'DE, S. [from balufer] in Architefture, an alfemblagc of onje or more rows of balufters high enough to reft the el- bow on, fixed on a terras, bridge, or building, by way of fecurity, or for feparating one pare from another. BAMBO'O, S. [bar^iou, Ind.] in Natural fliftory, a large kind of reed or cane, grow- ing in the maritime parts of the Eaft-Inriies. To BAMBOOZLE, V. A. to tnck, or impofe on a perl'on, under the appearance ot a friend; to confound, unler pretence of alliit- ing. A word of low and ludicrous ufe, and never fou:id in polite wiiters. BAMBOO'ZLER, S. [trombanibynzlesind fr] one who, under fpecious pretences, tricks another; a cheat; a fharper. BAN, S. in its primary fignification, any thing pub)icly proclaimed, commanded, or forbidden. In Church Government, a procla- mation of the intention of two parties to cntei- ir.ta matrimony, which is done thrice in the church they belong to, befoie the marriage ceremony can be performed ; a curfe, or ex- communication. The bat; of the empire, is a public aft or proclamation, whereby < perfon is fufpended of all his rights as a member or eleftor. To BAN, V. A. [ba'iren, Bclg. to curfc] to curie or devote to deftruftion ; to execrate. Band, S. th^t which ties, or keeps a per- fon to a certain plice, without liberty of going firthcr; that by which a perfon or animal is kept from exerting their natural flrength ; the 1 4 izmc BAN fame 15 a bond. Figuratively, thit which, has the power of knittinp a clois alliance or con- nexion between perlons ; a company of per- fons io united ; thit which is bound round a perfon or thing, applied to cirefs ; particularly a linen neckcloth, connfting of two fquare leaves hanging rio«n from the cliiii to the treaft, wora by clergymen, and lawyers. Jn Architecture, any flat, low member, or mould- ing, otherwife ti rmed zface, iromfajciij, Lr.t. In Surgery, a fillet, or piece of cloth, to fur round or fwa*h certain parts that need aihd- ance ; called likewife a /o/Zi;'-. ToBA'ND, V. A. [fee the noun] to unite together by foms common tic ; to cos'er or bind with fome narrow cit.th, nllet, or band. BA'NDAGE, S. [Fr.] in Surgery, the aft of applying bands or rolkrsj pioperly, a piece of iinen cloth or fillet, fuitxble to the p irt it is to be applied to, and ihould be made of iinen that is worn, for tear of tretting the part, or making it uneaiy. BA'OTJALEER, [from tarJ, Goth.] a large -leathern belt thrown over the right ihouiiier, and hanging down under the left arm ; ufed formerly by the foot to carry their mufkets, and at prefent by the French horfe to carry their carbines. BA'NDBOX, S. [from hand and hox] a li{:ht box made of paftebcarJ, def:gned foi keeping bands, ribbands, heao-dreffcs, and Other lijzht and fmall pieces ot diefs in. BA'NDF-LET, S. [:rom bandekne, Fr.] in Architedure, any little band or flat moulj- ing, like that which crowns the Doric archi- trave. BA'NDEROL, S. [Fr. handaniolla, Ital.J a little n..e, in form of a guidon, extended more in length than breadih, and ioimcily hung out at the top of veHcl?. BaND'DITTO, S [Ital. thepluraUi?;;- rf;Vf;] a fet of outlawed thieves on the conti- nent, who generally herd together in woods, and live on the plunder of paffengers. This word is more proper th^n the former. BAN'DOG, S. [from bjna, Sax. a mur- derer, imdog] a large, iuiious fpecies of dog. BA'NDO LEERS, S. [bandeuiiners, Fr.J fm;il wooden cafes, covered with leather, cob tailing a rharee for a ♦nufk-^t. BA'NDROL, S. [See BANDEROL] a liil-' filk P.ag, which hangs on a trumpet. Ba'NDY, S. [ka:der, Fr to bend] a crooked piece of wood towards the bottom, broad, flat on one fide, rounded on tlje other an.i at the handle, ufed in the game of cricket, now called a ^^/, from hattre, F. to beat, hit BAT. To BA'NDY, V. A. to beat or tofs to and fro J to give and take ; to exchange. Ufed with the particle ™i.'i, to contend ; alluding to the endeavour of twt, nerlons to btat a call the contrary way. BAN'DY, Adj. [fee the noun] crooked. Thus biSrJj-leg is a cjooked kg \ and bar.dj BAN lerrgtd is applied to a perfon who has crook legs. BANE, S. that which deftroys life. Fi- guratively, Doifon, ruin, deil'uftion. To BANE, V. A. [from the noun] to de- ftroy, kill, or poifon. " A rat — to have band," i>hakefp. BA'NEFUL, Adj. [from ^dKi and /«//] abounding with qualities deflruilive to life ; poifonous. BANE-WORT, S. [from hare. Id. mur- der, and -wort, of ivyrt, Sax. an herb, or root] in Botany, a poifonous plant ; a,fpecies of the nightfhaae. To BANG, V. A, [from hevgel, Teut. and Belg . 2 ftick, or club] to cudgel 5 a low fami- liar word. Figuratively, to ufe a perfon rough- ly, applied either to words or aftioras. B aNG, S. [f;om the verb] a blow with a ftick or cudtel. BA'NCMER, S. in Commerce, a kind of wroUj'ht camblet, manufaiflurt'd at Amiens, in Picardy. BANIA'NS, S. a religious feft in the Mo- gul's Country, in the Eaft-Indies, who believe the doftrine of tranfmigraiion ; will not eat flcfti, nor kill any noxious creature. They believe that God created all things, and at the fame lime woi (hip the devil; becaufe he is c.pable of ccing th"m a mifchief. They nriarry their children atfeven years of age ; and are fo fetrful of having any corrimunication with foreignf rs, t)i.it they break their cups if any ftranger fcas drank out of them, or touch- ed ihem. If they touch one another, they wafh and purify themfclves before they will eat, drink, or enter ihto their own houfes. To BANISH, V. A. [from bjnlr, Fr.] to make a perfon quit his own country. Figu- ratively, to drive from the mind j to expel. BA'NISHER, S. [from baM/h and «r] one who expel? from, or caufes another to quit hi^ native ccuntrv- BA'NlSKMF.NT,S.[from5a«i/Z.] the ftate of a perfon baiiifhed. In Law, a kind of civ 1 death, whe:eby a perfon is cut of^ from g\\ benefits arifing from thefociety, cr country in which he wos born, obliged to quit it, and live in a foreign coun;ry. Oftentimes the pu- nifhment of capital crimes is remitted, and converted into banifhment for life; but it is th' n termed tranjportation. BANK, ?. [Lane, Sax. bank, Id. panka, Perf.J a great fhoal of fand in the fca ; a rifing ground on each fide of a river wa(hed hy its waters, which it hinders from over- flowing ; earth caft up on one fide of a trench btt_)yeen two armies. B^^NK.S. [banc, Fr. banco, I'.ii. banca. Span.] a bench, where rowers fit in vefiels. in Commerce, a common repcfitory, wherein perfuns agtee ti.- keep their ca.'h, to be always ready at their cail or direction. Likewife the place where tlie public bank is kept. To BaNK, V. A. [from the noun] to in- clofe BAN elofe with banks. In Commerce, to raife a lum of money ; or to place monty in a b nk. BANK-BILL, S. [from /w;<; and hUl] « promiflTory note given by the bank for money placed there, which is payable on prefcnting it. BA'NKER. S.[fiom bank and er] a privaif. perfon entrufted with the cafli of others, pay- able on cieraand. BA'NK-RUPT, S. {banquercuuer, Fr.] in Law, one who living by buying and leiling, ha? got the goods of others in his hands, and concealcth himfelf from his creditors. After a llatute of bankruptcy is taken out, a bank- rupt not furrendering within forty days, and not difcovering his eftatc-s, is adjudged yuiity of felony. It is necen",<ry a perfon fhould owe lool. and rnore to a fingle creditor, to entitle him to this ftatute. BA'NKRUPTCY,S. [from ian/Jra/O the flate of a perfon declared a bankrupt ; wi;eie- in his goods are fold, and a dividend made to his creditors, in proportion to the amount of their refpeiftive debt:. BA'NNACK, S. a cake maoe with oat- meal and peafe mixed with water j common in the north countries. BA'NNER, S. \hanne:, Brit, banniere, Fr. har^diars, Ital.J a flag or enfign ufed in an army. B'a'NNERET, S.[adiminutivfeof<^an«fr] in Heraldry, an order created by having tnc end of their pennon or enfign cut oft" by the king. BA'NNI/^N, S. [from ban:an] a man's undrefs oroutv»atd garment, wore inflrsad of a coat, made double breafted, with the ex- tremities of the forebouies to lap over each other, and refembles the drefi of the Banians in the Eaft Indies. BA'NNIMUS, S. the form of baniihing or expelling a fcho'ar from Oxlora, which is generally done by affixing the fe.itence in fome putilic place. BA/NQUET, S. [Fr. banchio, Ital. nianquttto, Span,] a feall, or grand entertain- ment. To BA'NQUET, V. A. [from the noun] to entertain, or give a fcaft to one or more ptrfons ; to feaft, or regale. E'A'NQUEl £R, S. [from banquet and «;■] a perfon who entertains another at a fu nptuous feaft J one who lives fumptuouily, or liteps a good table. BA'NQUETING KOUSE, S [from I'on- qucc and bouje] a houfe where public fcafts are given. T/if btir^uctoi^-room at Vv'hitehall, intended for the king to feall in, is a llrudture of the great Inigo Jones, BA'NQyETT£, S. [a diminutive of ^aw] in Fortification, a faiall bank for foidiers to mount upon, when they fire behind an en- trenchment. BA'NTER, S. [from the veibjthe'.urning any thing tojeftj the being pleafint jSiJicule, or raillery, BAB. To BA'NTER, V. A. to reprefent a per- fon or rhing in fuch a light, as to HKikethem laufhed at, or become objects of ridicule; to rally ; to play Uj,'on. EA'NTERER, S. [from banter and ffr] one who represents the actions or expreffioiis ot another in a ridiculous light; one who plays on ariother, on account of fome fault. BA'PTISM, S. [baptijmus, Lat. of |3aw- Ticr/^o;, Gr. trom $-^7tti^v] in Divinity, one of the facraments whereby people are init|ated into the church ; and, as the church expreffes it, made members of Cliiift, children of God, and inheriiors of the kingdom of heaven. BAPTl'SMAL, Adj. [from baj-'ilfn:] re- lating to, or done at, our bapiifm. BA'PTIST, S. [bjpi'iftc,^ Fr. from Bc.ts- ■na-rr.q, Gr.] one who admlnifters baptifm j applied, by way of eminence, to St. John, our Savi.ur's fore-runner; iikewife one wha holds that baptifm ought to be adaiiniftered only to adult perfons. BA'PTISTERY, S. [baptljierlum, Lat.J the place in a church where the facramentof baptifm is adminiflered ; the font. To BAPTI'ZE, V. A. {0a7;ri^co, Gr.] to perform the ceremony of bapiiini j to chrillen. BAPTIZ'ER, S.[from bjptixe and et] one who admiiuftTrs the facrament of baptilm. Bar, S. [iarre, Fr- barrah, Perf.] a piece of wood, or iron made ufe of to fecure the en- trance of any place from being forced ; a rock.-' or fand bank, at the entrance of a harbour, oi river, to keep off iliips of burden ; the part o a court of juftice where the criminal generally ftands,and within which the council and judge fit to try caufes, fo called from a wooden bar oeing placed there to keep oft" the crov^d ^ an inclofed pi, ice at a tavern, coftse-houfe, &c, wherein a perfon fus to take care of, and receive the recltoning. Figuratively, any obflacle, or thing wh.ch hinders ; anything which keeps the parts of a thing together. In Law, a peremptory exception agiinft a demand or plea brought by a defendant in an adtion, that deftroys the adi.m of the phintifFfor ever, and is either bar to common intent, or fpccial, A bay of gold or filver is a lump of either melted and caft into a mould, without ever having been wrought. In Mufic, the ftraight ilrokes drawn perpendicularly ?crofs the Juies in a piece of mufic, between as many notes / as the meaiure of time confifts of, in which the air is pricked. In Heraldry, an ordinary refcmbling the_/"iy},<T;ft"i'ring from it in narrow- nefs, and that it may be placed in any part of the fhield : it is generally drawn horizon- tally acrofs the field, dividing it into two un- eq lal parts, and containing one-fifth of the whole. Bar jhut, two half bullets joined to- gether by an iron bar, ufed in fea engage- ments for cutting down mads and rigging. To BAR, V. A. [from the nounj to I fallen or fecuie any entriuiceby a piece of iron, BAR •r woodr Figuratively, to excIucJe, except ajainft ; to hinder, or put a flop to. 'barb, S. [iaiha, Lat. tarlt, Fr.] in its original (ignification, a beard. In its fecondary, any thing that grows in its place, or refembles it. The piece of wire at the end of a fifh- hook, which makes an angle with the point, and hinders it from being extracted; likewlfe the pieces of iron which run back in the fame manner from the point of an arrow, and ferve for the fame purpofe. In Antiquity, an sr- siour of iron or leather, which covered the neck, hreaft, and fhoulders of a ho'tfe, called Kkewife a barde. BARB, S. [a contraflion of Bcrba'y] a horfe brought from Bubary, efteemed for its beauty, vigour, and fwiftnefs, for its never lying down, and for its {landing ftill, wiien the rider drops his bridle. BAH^BACAN, S. [Arab, harbacar.e, Fr. haibacana, Ital.] in Architeif\ure; a long nar- jEow canal, or pafl'age for water in walls, wliere buildir.E,s are liable to be overfiou'ed; likewife to drain off water frcm a terras; a<i aperture in the walls of a ci;y, to fiie mufquets thro' 3t an enemy. In Foitification, a fort at the entrance of a bridge; an outer defence or for- fcScation to a city ; a watch tower. BA'RBARA.'S. in Logic, a fyllogifm in the firft mode of the til ft figure, wherein .ill rhe propofitions are univcrfal and sflirrnative ; the middle term is the Uibjeft in the fitft, and the attribute in the fcconj propofition , ..s Kar, Alt animals are endued with lenfe. Ba, All men are animals. Therctore R A, All men are endued with fenfe. EARBA1<.IAN, S. \ba>bcirus,Lzuirom -■^tfr, Arpb. a dffait] in its primary feni'e, ap- plied by the Greeks and Romans to all that VI ere not of their own nation, .•. e. a toreigner; bat jn procefs of time it acquired a fecondary idea of cruelty, and was ufcd to denote a per- fon void of all the elegant embelliflimcnts of life, and the focial affeflions of benevo- lence, klndnefs, pity, good nature, and hu- manity. BARBATIIC, S. Iharbancm, Lat.] fo- reign ; brought from countries at a great dif- tance. " Show'rs on ker king bariaiic pearls." Par. UJi. BA'KBARISM, S. [harberifwus, Lat.] in Grammar, an offence againft the purity of fiyle or language ; uncultivated ignor-ince Applied to rnanntrs, rudenefs ; want ot po- litenffs ; favagenefs ; cruelty. BARB.-i'RlTY, S. [from harhjrui, Lat.] applied to the behaviour, ii. civility, unpolire- nefs. Applied moft commonly to mjnncrs, cruelty, favagenefs, want of pity, kindnefs, 3nd humanity. Applied to language, an im- proper sppliotion ot a word. BA'RBAROUS, Adj. ( from harbaru'.,'L7iK. £:.-p3a.fc;. Gr.J applied to learning, ignorant; smacquainted with the polite ar's and fucnces. i^pplied to manners, void of compjflion, be- 7 BAR nevolence, p::y, or ccmpaiTion ; cruel ; fa» vage ; inhuman. BA'RBAROUSLY, Adv. [from iarbarous and 'y^ in fuch a manner as fhews a mind un- polifhed with learning ; a flranger to polite- nefs, pitv, compafiion, or humanity. EA'RBE, S. [Fr.] in the Military Art, t$ fire en burbe, is to fire cannon over the para- pet, inflead of the embrazures. To BARBECU'E, V. A. [IndJ to drefs a hog whole, by fplitting it to the back-bone, and broiling it upon a girdiron, railed twg feet above a charcoal fire, BARBECUE, S. [from the verb] a hog drefled whole after the Weft Indian manner. BA'RBLES, S. [Fr. barbo, harbello, hi\. barbe, Dan.] a large, iirong, but coarfe river fifh; fo called, from its having a barb or wattle un^er its chin. BA'RBER, S. [barb:er, Fr. barblere, Ital. from barva. Lat. a beard] one who rtiaves. BA'RBER-CHIRURGEON, S. [pro- nounced baher-furnecn, from barber and ckir rurgeor] one who pradtifes the lower opera- tions of furgery; f' ch as bleeding and drawi.Tg of teeth, together with the trade of a barber, Ba'R BERRY, «;. [Arab, from whence barberes, low Lat.] in Botany, the piperidge bufb, which grows in hedges to the height of eiuht or ten feet. BARD, S. [bird, Brit, and Run.] among the ancient fifitcnf, Dane"^, and Irifh,an order of men who ufed to fing the great exploits of heroes to the harp, vveie perfons in the higheft eftcem among all ra.^ks of people, and reve- renced as pel Tons of extraordinary abilities evjn by crowned heads, who paid them fo mi'ch deference, as to be reconciled to their moft inveterate enemies, at tiieir inftanccs. Even in the (refent times, the .vord implies ti poet, B-ARE, Adj. [bare. Sax. naked] uncover- ed; without any drefs ; naked. Figuratively, wiihot^t ornament ; dcrtitute, or in want of neceflaries ; not joined with any thing elfe j alone; folitary. " Live by your bare words." ^^hakcj'p. Very much worn; that which has loft its nap; threadbare. Ufed with cf, before the thing wanted. " Bare 0/ money." Locke, BARE, or BORE, the prefer of Bear. BA'REBONE, S. [from bare and bore] a very thin or lean perfon, who has icarce any fle/h to over his bones. A low word. BA'REFACED, Adj. [from bare znd/jce} with the face uncovered. Figuratively, with- out diflimulation, or difgufe; with great ef- frontery, or impudence. Generally ufcd in a bad I'enfe. BAREFA'CEDLY, Adv. [from barefaced and A] in fuch a manner as Ihows a bold daring impudence. BA'REf DOT, Adj. [from bare and foot, barefoot, .Sax. J One who is without fliocs, or any covering to his feet. BA'REfOOTED, Adj. [from harrf^'^ without ilioes, or other cov:ring to ths leer. B.VRE- BAR jBA'REHEADED, Adj. [from han anH bead\ without a hat, or any covering to the head. BA'RELY, Adv. [from bare and ly] with- out cloaths, applied to drefs ; without any thing elfe, or only, applied as an exceptive. BA'RENESS, S. [from bare and ncfs] ap- plied to drefs, either total nakednefs, or a want of fome neccffary parr of attiie ; meanne's, with refpeift to the quality Oi" cloathing. Ap- plied to circuiriftances. indigence j poverty. BA'RGAIN, S. [largen, EnX. bargjgno, Ital. hargalgie, Fr.J a voluntary agreement made between traders to deliver or fell a com- modity at a price agreed on 5 the thing boughi or fold ; the conditions of fale. To BA'RGAIN, V. A, [from the noun] to agree to, or malie terms for the fale of any thing. Ufed with the particle for. *' The great duke may bargain for the republic." BARGAINE'E, S. [from barg^n] theper- fon who agrees to tlie condition of a bargain or pirchsle. BA'IRG AINER, S. [from bargain and er] one who propofes the conditions of a bargain. BARGE, S. [bargie, Belg. from barga, low Ln ] a large flat- bottomed veffel ufed for the carriage of goods in rivers ; likewife a ftate or pleafure boat, built with a room capable of containing feveral perfons. BARK, S. [from harck, Dan. horct, Teut. bink, Delg. from bergen, to cover] in Botany, tin outfide coveting of a tree, which increafes every vear. BARK, or BARQUE, S. [barque, Fr. har- ca, Ital. a boat] a fnull vefl'el with one deck only, ufed in tr nfporting merchandizes either by fea, or on rivers. To BARK, V. A. [from the noun J toftrip oft' the rind or baik of a tree. To BARK, V. A. [beorcan, Sax.] to make a noife like a dog, when he gives the alarm. BARK-BA'RED, S. [from bark and bare] flripped or robbed of the bark. BARKBI'NDING, S. [from bark and bind] in Gardening, a difeafe incident to trees, wheiein the bark is fo clofe, that the vege- tation, and the circulation of the fap is hin- dered. BA'RKER, S. [from bark and r] applied to litigious, noify, or clamorous perfons, it al- ludes to the noife made by a dog. BARK-GALLING, S. [from bark and gj'l] is the rubbing off, or wounding the bark of trees. BA'RKY, Adj. [from bark] that which CO liiils of, or has the properties of, bark. BA^^LEY, S. [from bere, Sax, which fig- nifies the fame] in Botany, the grain from whence beer is extrafted. BARLEY-BRAKE, S. [from barley 2nd irate, from braecan. Sax. to break] a kind of ru'-al play which confifts in fwiftnefs of run- ning. BAR BA'R LEY-CORN, S. [from barky an^ corn] a grain of barley ; ufed in long meafure as the third part of an inch. BARLEY-MOW, S. [from barhy and mnv] a heap of barley laid togctiier and form- ed into a rick orft.ick. BARM, S. [from barm, beorm, beorma. Sax. barme, baerm:, Dan. barme, Belg. fer- ment, or buramhidan, Perf. to fwcli, or fer- ment, buriTi, Brit.j that which is put into drink to make it work, or into bread to fwell it, and make it light j called by the London- ers yeaCi. BA'RMY, Adj. [from barm] that which has been well fermented or worked with barm, or yeaft. BAR>), S. [oi bem. Sax. a garner ; from here. Sax. barley] a place, i»r houfe wherein any grain, hay, (s^c. i^ ftored, BA'RNACLE, S. [in Farriery] an inftru- ment made of iron, which is fartened to a liorfe's nofe, when he is reftiff and not fafe tobefhod; when phyfic is adminiftered, a vein is to be opened, or an incifion made. BARO'METER, S. [from (3«j^, weight, and f^if^ea], Gr. to meafure] in Hydroftatics, an inftrument to meafure the weight or pref- fure of a column of air, to difcoyer the heights of mountains, &(. which confifts of a tube herrneticaliy fealed, filled with quickfilver, and imerged in a veflcl of the fame. BAROME'TRICAL, Adj. [from baro- meter] relating to, or tried by the barometer. BA'RON, S. [from bar, Teut. Celt. bcorn, Sax. a prince, wacr, Goth, a man] a term which formerly included all the greater nobility. It is now ufed as a degree of nobi- lity next below that of a vifcount, and above that of a baronet. Parliarncntary barons are not barons by name only, but are all by birth, peers, noblemen, and are fummoned by the king, " to treat of the weighty affairs of the nation, and to give counfel upon them.'* They have the following immunities and pri- vileges; in criminal caufes, they are judged by their peers only, are not put on oath, but deliver the truth upon honour; are not impan- neiled on a jury, nor liable to the writs fup- plicavit, capias, efoins. They had no coronet till Charles II. gave them a u,old one, with fix pearls, Befides thefe, the two archbifhops, and all the bifnops of England, are parliamen- tary barons, and enjoy all the privileges of the others, excepting that they are not judged by their peers ; for being not to be preient in fanguinary caufes, in fuch cafes they are judg- ed, as a fact, by a jury of 12. Barons of tb: Exchequer, are four judges, who determine caufes between the king an.d his fubieifls, \n affairs relating to the revenue and the ex- chequer. Barons of the Cinque ports, are mem- bers elected two tor each, who have feats ia the houfe' of commons. Baron and femme, in Law, are hufband and wife. Ba>on and femme, in Heraldry, is when the co«ts of arm* BAR arms of a man and hi? wife are borne per pale in t'le fame efchutcheon. BA'ilONAGE, S. [I'aror:agiur>i,LAt.] the body of barons ; the dignity, or lands which give title to a baron. B A'RONESS, S. [bcroneffu, Ital. haronijja, Lat.'] the lady, or wife of a baron, RA'RONET, S. [from baron and tt'\ the loweft decree of honour that is hcrfditary, being below a baron, and above a,iknight. It wjs founded by James I. in 1611; who al- lowed them to charge their coat with the an.'^s of Ulfter, /. e, in a field argent, a hand gules. They take'piace according to the dates ot tiieir •patents, in which the title of Sir is peculiarly granted then'. BA'RONY, S. [baroma] the lord/hip or fee of a baron, whether fpiiitiial or temporal. BA'ROSCOPE, S. [horn Ba.^'^, heavy, and cuoTTio:, Gr. to txamine or learch into] an inftrument to fhew the alteration of the weight of the atniofphere. See BAROME- TFR. BA'RP.ACAN, S. \kciuracan, Fr.] a kin.l e( ftufl'refi-mbling camlet, wove in a. loom ■with two tredJles. BA'RRACK, S. [^barracan, Span.] fmall h'lts ere(fled by the Spanifti fifliermen along I to ftop up a pafl'age, ^o as an enemy may be, aC the fhore; likewife buildings raifed to lodge jleaft, retarded in their march, fuldiers in. BARRAS, S. [Fr.] in Natural Hiftory, a gum which drops by incifion from the pine- BAR BA'RREN, Adj. Hare, Sax. baer, Tenti land Belg. naked] appli-d to animals or foils, not able to produce its like. Applied to ge- nius, not able to produce any thing new. BA'RRENLY, Adv. [from barren and ly\ ?n unfruitful manner. BA'RRENWORT, S. [from harremnA liisr?] in Botany, a plane ia cilled frottt'its procuring fterility. I BA'RRICADE, S. [i'jn-/V«^e, Fr.]any de- fence in the milittiry art r, ifsd againfi an ene- my h:ifti)y, made with vefllls, carts, balkets of earth, treer, or p.tlUrades. Figuratively, any thing which obfi:rii£ls or hinders the mo- tion of a thinp. ToBARRiCA/DE,V.A. [from thenoun] to ftep up a paffage j to hinder the advance or motion of any thing. BARRICA'UO, S. [tarrkade, Span. See BARRICADE] in Fortification, a defence made with flakes fhod with iron, croiTed at the top with batoons, and erefted in palFages or breaches. To BARRICA'DO, V. A. [from the noun] to block up any paflagej to hinder an enemy from pji^ifig any defile or place. BARRICA'DOR, S. [irnmbarrtcadsr,7r.'\ tree, called white or marcled incenft, BA'RRATOR, {harauur, Fr. a cheat] a litigious pcrfon, or one who is fond of quar- rels and law-fuits. BA'RR ATRY, S. [larratare, Ital. mifde- iweanor or fraud] in Common Law, thejr.ov- jng or maiiitaining of fuics in difturbance ol the peace J and the taking and detaining houfes, land, fe°f. by falfc pretences. BA'RREL, S. [baril, Brit, barril. Span. barile, Ital.] an oblong veflel made of fir, 6ak, beach, C^c. wood, of a fpheroidal, «r cylindrical form, made to contain either dry or liquid commodities, and 11, td as liquid or dry ineafure. The i^jr'?/ contains in wine mea- fure 31 gallons and a half, beer meafure 36 gallons, and ale meafure 32. Tht barrel oi herrings (liould contain 32 gallons wine mea- fure, and loco herrings; the ^a>rc/ of falmon 42 gallons; the barrel of eeh the fame, and that of loip muft weigh 2561b. Barrel ap- plied to 3 gun, that long cylindrical tube made of metal, through which it is charged, and from whence the expiofion is made. Gene- rally applied to any thing of a cylindrical form. In Anatomy, a large cavity behind the tympanum, fcur or five Hues deep, and f.ve or f;x broad, with a fine membrane. To BA'RREL, V. A. [from the noun] to put into, or indole in a barrel. BA/RREL-BEI.LIED, Adj. [from barrel and bci^yj withalar^e fwelling or piotubtrant bcily. "■ I BA'RR lER, S. [barrlere, Fr. barriera, Ital.] that whi(h keeps an enemy ofT, or hin- ders him from entering into any country ; a ■ fence made al a paffage, retrenchment, &c. 10 flop up its entry. Figuratively, an obitruftion, or hindrance ; a boundary or limit. BA'RRiSTER, S. [fiom bar] one who is qu;ilified from hrs having performed his exer- cifes at the inns of courts, and by a licence from, the lord high chancellor, after a proper landing, to plead thecaufe of clients In a coutt of juftice. BA'RROW, S. [from berenve. Sax. bu- rella, borcllo, Ital. from beran. Sax. to bear] any carriage moved or fet in motion by the hand; hence 'i. harA-harroia, is a frame of boards, on which things are cariied by i;an- dles at its extremities between two men. A nobeel-barroiv, is that with one wheel at the head, by which it moves when pufhed forward by the handles at 'he other end. BA/RROWS, S. [irom beorg. Sax. a hill] hills or mounts raifed by the SaxonS; in ho- nour of tho e who died in the field of battle. BA'R TER, S. [from the verb] in Com- merce, the purchafing one corrjmedity by an other, or exchanging one ware for another. Ti. BA'RTER, V. A. [baratter, Fr. ba- rattare, Ital ] to exchange one thing for an- other ; the original method of carrying on all tr.adc and commerce, till the invention of rnoney. BA'RTFRER, S. [from bjrter and er] he that trades by exchanging one commodity for anoiher. L BA'RTON; S. [Sax.] the demefne lands B A S of a manor ; a manor houfe ; the fields, cat- houfes, l^e, a term in great ufe in the W. of England. BASE, Adj. [from hat, Fr. lajjh, Ital. baxo, Span, hafi, tajy, Perf.j applied to ac tions, proceeding from a mean, narrow, abjeift, and fordid Qifpofition. Ajiplied to rank, low, mean, and void of dignity. Applied to birth, <Jefcended from mean parents. Applied to metals, counterfeit, or adulterated. In'Archi- tedture, the lower pait of a column or pedef taJ, being the fame to a column, as a fhoe is to a man. Bafe, in Fortification, is an ima- ginary line drawn from the flanked an^le of a baftion to that vvhirh is oppofue to it. Baje of a figure, in Geometry, is the lower part of it. Baje of a triangle, is properly that fide paral- lel to ihe horizon. Baje, in Anatomy; is the broader or upper part of the .heart to which the two auricles are fixed. Bafe fee, is a tenure in fee at the will of a lord. Bafe, in Mufic, the Urge firing of a mufical irillru- ment. See BASS, or BASSO. To BASE, V. A, [bajer, Fr.] to lower the value of a thing by mixtures ; to debafe ; to adulterate. " Refined metals, which we cannot Aa/f." Bac. BA'SENESS, S, [from ^^/e and «f/}] ap- plied to aftions, that which is void of genero- ftty, magnanimity, or noblenefs of foul, and proceeds from a narrownefs or meannefs of fpirit. Applied to metals, their want of the itandard value. Applied to birth, difnonour- able, or produced froni unlicenfed embraces. Applied to found, low, grave. See BA'SE. EASHA'VV, S. {{^ajcha, 6t pacha, Turk.] a Turkifli governor of a province, city or dil- tri£V, who has two iiorfe- tails carried before him. BA^SHFUL, Adj. [from ahap and /«/] one who is foon put out of countenance. BA'SHFULLY, Adv. [hom bafifuUni ly] in a ti-T-.o^-ous, /heepifli manner. BA'SHFULNESS, S. [from iaffi,/ and Tifs] timoroufnefs, fear, or fhame. B A'SIL, S. among joiners, the (loping edge of a carpenter's or joiner's tool, which varies according to the work it is to do ; the iTcin o{ a rtieep tanned. In Botany, a plant, named occymuin. To BA'SIL, V. A. [from the noun] to grind away the edge of a tool to a certain thiicknefs, or angle. BA'SlLiC, S. [bafliquc, Fr. (3:;j-iAiii>,,Gr.] in A.chlteii^lure, a public hall, with two ranges of pillars, aiUi or wings, an^ galleries over them J formerly ufed for the palaces of princes, and afterwards converted int^ courts of jurtice, and churches. BASI'LIC, or BASILICAL, Adj. [from hafMca] in Anatomy, fomething belonging or relating to the bifilical vein. BASI'LICA, S, [from Qxc-iXun, Or. roy- al] in Anatomy, the middle vein, rifisig from the axilUry branch, and running the whole k.n^tia of the armi B A S EASI'LICON, S. [Or. &xc-.\iKoy] in Phar- macy, nn ointment called tetrapharmacon, from its being compofed of four inzredients, 'VIZ.. renn, wax, pitch, and oil of olivv;s. By fome, of Burgundy pitch, turpentine, refin, and oil, BA'SILISK, S. [jias-iXis-Ko;, royal, from /ic.j-iXsr?, Or. a king] in Natural Hiftory, a kind of ferpent about three palms long, with white fpots on its crown, faid to drive all others away by its hiffing, and to kill by its veiy look ; called likewife a cockatrice. In Gunnery, a fpecies of cannon or ordnance of the larger fort. " Your greateft cannons and bafil'.pr Bac. B \'SIS, S. [Lat.] the foundatian, or that on which any thing is eftabli/hed, or fupport- ed. See BASE. To BASK, V. A. [bactn. Sax. bakefr, bac'rierei:, Belg.J to warm by expofing to, or laying in, the heat of the fun. Neuterly, to lie in a wann place. BA'SKET, S. lbaf?_a-.vd, ox bafged, Bnt. bafgauda, Lat.] a veflcl made with twigs, ru'hes, ^c. woven together. A ba/ket nvomav.,' is one who plies at markets with a bulker, te bring home fuchprovifions as are bought there. BA'SON, S. [bajfr,, Fr. bac'ino, Ital.J a fmall velVel te hold water, or other liquTrs ; an hollow place which contains water : a pond; a canal J a dock for repairing or build- ing /hips ; a concive piece of metal madi ufe of by opticians to grind their convi;x glaifcs in ; a round fhell, or cafe of iron, placed over a furnace, wiierein hatter': mould their hats. In Anat'imy, a round cavity in the form of a tunnel, between the an-erior vea:ricL's of the brain, the pituitary gla.ids, and the veins. Ea- fons ef a balance, Are the fame as fcales, one of whi^h contains the weii^ht, and the other the commodity whofe weight is required. BASS, S. [ba/f, Ital.] in MuGc, the loweft of all the parts, v.'hich ferves as a foun- ilution to the others. 7'iiat part of a concert, confrling of the gravcft:, deeped, and mod fo- lenin iounds. Conmcr-bafs is the fecond, whirj there are fcveral in the fa iiie concert. 1 horough- bas, is that which proceeds without inter- niiflion from the beginning to the end, and is the harmony made by bafs-viols, theorbo's, &c. pKiying both while the voices fmg, and other inftrurnents perform; and alfo filling the intervals when they ftop. Bass, S. [from bas, Fr.] a mat ufcd in churches to kneel on, made of ruflies, in a cylindrical form, and ftuft'ed with hay ; com- monly called a bofs. BA'SSO^ [Ital. See BASS] in Mufic, fometi'nes'e.'itended to thebafs univerfally,an<J at ether times retrained to thuonly which is fung. Bijjj'u cor.certarto is the figured or tho- rough bafs, going t.hroiigh the whole piece, playing chord,, or whatever can convey har- mony to the e.ir. Bafjo rep'ino, the b.if5 of the graod chorus, which is heard only, or comet B A S comes In, at intervals, in order to make the compofuion have a greater effect, B.VSSON,or B ASSO'ON; S. [See BASS] in Mufic, a wind inftrument, blown with a rted, nine inches diameter at the bottom, with eleven holes, flopped like thole of a flute, dividing into two parts, and ufed for the bafs in concerts with hautboys. BA'SSO-RELIEVO, S. [Ital.] in Sculp- ture, figures which do not ftand out much be- yond the ground on which they are carved. BA'SS-RELIEF, S. See BASSO-RE- LIEVO. BA'SS-VIOL, S. [from l^afs and ■^'kl] in Mufic, a ftringed inftrument of the fame form as the violin, but larger, ftruck with a bow ; and has eight flops, divided by hajf ftops and femi-tones. BA'STARD, S. [t'rom baflard, Brit, of low birth; batards, Fr.] in Law, a perfon born of parents which have not been lawfully married, and cannot inherit land as heir to his father. In the hundred of Middleton in Kent, whoever gets a baftard, forfeits all his goods and chattels to the king. Figuratively, any thing which degenerates from that which produces it ; any thing fpujjous, not genuine, or adulteraDe. To BA'STARD, V. A. [from the noun] to convidt of getting a baftard ; to prove a perfon not begotten in lawful wedlock. To BASTARD'iZE, V, A. [from laDard'] to provi a perfoa not begotten in lawful marriage ; to get a baftard. BA'STARDLY, Adv. [from lajlard lM ly\ like i baftard 5 in a degeneiate, fpurious manner. BA'STARDY, S. [from haflardl in Law, »n unlawful ftate of birih, wherein a perfon js produced from a couple not married, and is therefoie difabled from fucceeding to an inheritance. To BASTE, V. A. [hattre, Fr.] to beat with a ftick. In Cookery, to moiften meat, while roafling, with butter, or dripping. A- mong Sempftiefles, from hajlLr, Fr. to ftitch, to few two felveges together. RA'STES, S. fturts made of the bark of tiees, which come from the Eaft Indies. BASTI'LE, S. a royal caflle built by Charles V. in 1369, for the defence of Paris, DOW ufed as a place of confinement for ftate pi i Toners. ■ BASTINA'DE, or BASTINA'DO, S. [bafliiiriaJe, Fr.j the aft of beiting with a ftick orcudgelj the punifhment inflided by the Turks, of beating the foles of a perfon's feet with a heavy piece of wood, having a lart;e knob or round head at the end. To BASTINA'DE, or BASTINA'DO, "V . A. [iajlonner, Fr. See the noun] to beat with a ftick or cudgel. BA'STION, S. [Fr.] in Fortification, a large mafs of earth faced with fods, feld< m with brick or flone, flanding oat from a ram- part. BAT BA'STON, or BATTO'ON, S. [Fr, i ftick] in Architefture, a mould at the bale of a column called a tore. In Heraldry, a kind of bend, not reaching quite acrofsthe fliieid; a fign of bafiardy, and ought not to be re- moved till the third generation. Bat, S. [6m, ot bait, Sax. a ftick] any large club ; particularly one curved, and flat on one fide t.iwards the bottom, ufed in the game of cricket. See BANDY. BAT, S. [in Natural Hiftory] an animal with the Lody of a nioufe, and wings like a bird, confifting of a membrane, whicti it ex- tends in its llightj it appears only in fummcr evenings. BA'TABLE, Adj. [from bat and <ibU] in Law, applied to grounds whofe property is difputable. BATA'VIA,S. the capital of all thcDutch fettlements in the EaftJndies, and center of their commerce in Afia. It is fituated on the N. E. part cf the iJland of Java, S. E. of Su- matra, and S. W. of Borneo. Here is the rehdence of the governor-general and coun- cil ol the Indies. It has a moft excellent iar- bour belonging to.it. The Dutch at Batavia can now fit out fo manv fhips. that no Euro- pean nation at that dirtance can cope with them J lo powerful are they, and fo nume- rous are the fubiefts and dominions dependent upon them. When they firll came hither, which was in the year 1619, the place was only a viilage, in a flat country, with fenny grounds round it y but they have fince made it a very beautiful city, built of white ftone, having cut canals, faced with ftone, on the bord£rs of which are ever-greens planted, run- ning all along the principal fttects ; fo that the water of land floods is carried off. About 17 or iS fmall illands in the offing lb break the violence of the winds and waves, that 1000 fail rnay ride there fafe at a time, befides Imall craft, which go into the river, and lie clofe in niore faftoncd to piles. Here all vef- lels pay tell. A fea-gale ri^cs every mi>rning .ibout ten, which brings veffels into ihe bar, and a land one about ten that night, to carry them out. The one comes from the N. and the other from the S. BATCH, S. the quar.ti'y of breai^ baked at onetime. Figuratively, thst vvhich relem- bles fome other thing in qualities. BA'TCHELOR, S. See BACHELOR, ToBA'1 E, V. A. [contracted from .^luie] to leiicn a demand, or lower the price ot a commodi y ; to abftain or re'rain from a thing J to except, or take away. " Bare but the laft, an.l 'tis what 1 would lav." Drfd. BA'lEMENr, S. [tTom aiaimctit) the IcfTening the quantity of flutV j ufed by car- penli'is, and low mechanics. BA'i -FOWLING, S, [from bat and fjivl] a method vi catching birds in the night, piadVuJ by lighting ftraw, or carrying a lan- tern neai t^ie buihts, vvhich ben^beat with a ftick, m H BAT filcU.tiiey fly toward: rhelicht, and are caught jn nets provided fur ma: (.lu.-pje. BATH, S. [.harb, Sax. trr>m hathian. Sax. to vvalli] a fiifScienttjuaniiiy of watercolleClpd into fome convenient k<lce forperfons towaih in. Baihs are dvvide'l into hot and cold. The moft celebrated of this kind in England are thole near V/elis in Somerfetfhire. They pro- duce a pei-fpiration ot 5 oz. in an hour, znA are of great ufe :n diforders of the head, pally, difeafes of the Ikin, fcurvy, ftotie, coniUpa- tions of the bowels, and inoft chronical difor- ders. Cold bathing operates both by its cold andconftringing power, and its weight, which, at the depth of two ieet under water, prelies on the human fra.rie with a weight of 22oolb. troy. It dillolves the blood, removes any vifcid matter adhering to the fides of the vef- fels ; generates fpirits; forces urine; and re- moves obflruiSlions in the vifcera. Kriighis of the Bath, io called from their being ufed to bathe tormerly before their creation, fecm to have been inftituted by Richard II. extended by Henry IV. and revived by George I. BATH, S. a city in SomerietiTiire. It is fituated on a plain not very lar^e, and furround B A W is pretty confiJerable, but varies at the ■work." min's clcafure. To C.A' I'TEN, V. A. [from batten, Tetit. to pcofilj to glut, or fatiaic ones felf j to grow ii\. ; to live Kixurioufly. Applied to land, t« make fruitful. Ncuteriy, to grow fat, to in- dult;e one's lelf. BA'T rtR, S. fin Cookery] a mixture of flour, L-ggs, and milk, beaten together with lome liquor. To BA'TTER, V A. [battre, Fr.] to beat; to beat down, Moft commanly applied to the battering of walls by engines, cannon, £ff. When applied to perlons, it fignifies tp wear out with ufe or fervice. BA'TTERY, S. [in Fortification] a plac« where artillery is planted, in order to play upon the enemy. In Law, the beating any perfon unjuftly. To BA^TTLE, V. A. [b^taUler, Fr.] to engage in battle, or contend in any manner whatever. BA'TTLE-ARRAY, S. [from battk ?nd array^ arrangement, or order of battle j th« proper difpofnion of men in order to enga^g an enemy. ed by hills of an equal height, from which! BATTLE-AX, S. [from battle and av] a town, weapon made wie. of in former times j fre- • feveral fpring";, highly bentticial to the take their rile. Tne waters of thefe fprings are an efic£lual rc^medy to fuch bodies as pec- cant humours have rendered dull and heavy. The (Ircngth of the humour is abated, the patient being thrown into a fweat by Jieir heat. The three moft noted of thefe baths are called, the cr/j bath, the hot bath, and the kings or royal bath. Bath has been a flourifh- ing place, both far the woolleo manufa£lure, and the great xefort of flrangers. Its antiquity is evident, from fome Roman images and in- scriptions ; but the letters of thefe have been fo worn by time, that they arc fcarce legible. BATH-KOL, S, [from bath-hA, Heb. the daughter of the voice] the pame of a Jewi/h oracle, wiiich often occurs in the Tal- inud. BATTA'LIA, S, [from battaglia, Ital.j the drawing up an army in order of battle. BATTA'LION, S. [battallio,^, Fr.] a fmall body of infantry drawn up in order of battle. A battalion feldom falls /hort of ycOjOr exceeds loco, men. It is generally ranged in fix ranks. BA'TTEL, or BA'TTLE, S, Ibattalk, Fr.J an engagement between two numerous bodies of men. The fight of two individuals is frequently, but improperly, called a battle. A battle fuppofes a number on both fides, "When clad moft dreadful in the battlis front." Clo-ver's Leon'ulas, The middle of an army goes univerlally by the n.\me of the main batt'e. BAT'l EN, S. a name given by workmen to along, thin piece of wood, of an inconli- derable breath, leldom exceeding fo'.ir inches; ic is generally about an inch iluck, lis length quent mention is made of it by the hiftorians, though none of them have left us a defcrip- tion of it. BA'TTLEDOOR, S.' [from batik an<i door^ an inrtrument ufcd to ifrike a ftinttle- eock ; it confifts of a handle and broad blade. B.VTTLEMENTS, S. [perhaps corrupt-^ ed from batitnait, Fr.] notches on the top of a tower, wall, parapet, &c. to look through, in order to annoy an enemy. BA'TTOLOGY, S. [03tt(iXoj/i«, Gr. j a tedious circumlocution, or the trequent repe- tition of the fame wor4 without any reafon. BA'TTON. S. [Fr. See RASTONj a truncheon or ftalf, borne by a marlhal as a mark of his dig.iityj likewife, any fliort fticfc or club. BAU'I'LE, S. [from bifubellum, barbarous, Lat.] a play thing ; and figuratively, any thing of a trifling infignificant natuie. BAWD, S. {baude, Fr.] a perfon of either fex, who lives by procuring wo;nen for lewd pupofes. B.VWDlLY, Adv. [from haiudy zn<!, ly} \ii an obfcene, unchafte, or immoae.ll m inner. ' B.-^'WDRY, S. [contraacd from ba:.dery\ the arting like a bawd in bringing perfons to- gether for immodcft purpofes. Applied to language, that which is unchafle and ob- fcene. EA'WDY, Adj. [from baiud] that which expredes obfccnity or unchafte ideas in plain terms, and carries with it the idea of impu- dence. B.^'WDY-HOUSE, S. [from ^J-i'iy and houjc] a place where llrumpets cany on their imniodefty, and proftitution is prad^iied. 7 To BAWL, B E A To BAWL, V. A.[hjIo, Lat.]to cry or fpeak any thing with a loud voice. A low term. CA'WSIN, S. [in Natural HiftoryJ a bad- BAY, S- [badlus, Lat. %«, Fr. baio, Ita!.] applied to the colour of a horfe, is that which inclines te red, and approaches near to a chef- nut. The light and gilded bays have a greater caft of the yellow ; the dun, fcarlet, and tloo^'y bay, a greater mixture of red ; and the chelnut bay, that which refeaibles the colour of a chelnut, BAY, S. [baye, Bclg. baio, Ifal.] in Geo- graphy, a part oi the lea which runs into ihc lanr!, and is broader in the middle than at its. firft entrance, called the mouth. BAY, S. Figuratively, the flatc of one furiounded by enemies, which cannot he el'caped but by making head againft them. In Aichite£lure, uftd to (ignify the largennfs ot a building : tlius a barn, which has a floor and two head?, is called a barn and two Iwys. In Botany, the Liurus, a kind of ever- green, which ufed to be f(.imed into wreaths as a reward for poets, &c. Hence it is ufed as a token of honour and a mark of nnerit. To BAY, V. N. [n^^ayer, Fr.] to bark at ; to furround, in the fame manner as hounds do their prey. BAY-SALT, S. [from bay and fait] that •which is made of fti-v.attr, exhaled by the heat of the fan. B'AY-V/INDOW, S. [from bay anrl ivin- Joii<} a window which fv/ells or projects out- warcs. BAY'NARD, S. [from bay] a horfe of a bay colour. BA'YONET, S. [baycuctte, Fr.] a fl.ort troad dagger made !<> nee' -1^(1)1011, with a round hollow iron handli;, which goes o«er the muz- zle of a mufquetj and fixes to it. It is of great fervice in paffing defiles, defends the toot 9gainft the horfe; and, when animunition is Ipent, is no bad lerourcs, BA'Y-YARNj 3. f from bay indyarn'] yarn proper for making baize. BA'YZE, S. See BAIZE. BDELIUM, S. f,5of7>?.io», Gr.] a kind of aror-Tatic gum, which, according to Jofephus atid Sir Walter Ri'leigh, drops from a tree rc- fem'.iling an olive ; now brought from the Le- vant, and mentioned inGi;«. xl 12. To BE, V. I. [from beon, S^x.] an auxi- Jiary veib, by whicii we fon.i the pafiive j fometimes ui'iJ to affirm the ft^ile or condition of a thing, and at otiiers its exiilen-re. To be xefervcd tor a perfon future, in oppofuion to prcfcnt. *' Man never ;j, but always to be bictt," Ptpe. BE, au article ufed in compofition, anr borrowed from the Sax. fometimes a mere ex- pletive, and o^herwifs figi>ifies ujion, about; as, to he-frai:e'-, to be-J^rifikle. BEACH, S. that part of the fca-fljore wUicU is wailisd by its waves. B E A BE A'CHED, Adj. [from beach] that which is expofed to its wsves, BEA'CH Y, Adv. [from beach] that which abounds in bsaches. BEA'CON, S. [from beacen, or beacn, Sax. a fignalj a fi|j;nal, or coitibuftibles raife.l on an eminence to be fired as 'he fi^nal of an enemy's approach ; fignais and marks erefted at fea, for the ftcuri:y of vellels. BEA'CONAGE, S. [from itacon] a tax psid for the ui'e and m.iijitainJnce of a beacon. BEAD, S. [bead, Sjt.J a fmall round piece of glafs or other liibflanre, moving on a firing which runs through it, ufed by thofe of the Romifh church to count their fins and priyers 0(1: hence to tell leads, or be at one's ieaJsf fignifics to be at prayers. Likewife ufed as ornaments for women, snd worn round their necks in necklaces. Figuratively, any thing of a round or ipherical form. In Arclutcc\urc, a round moulding, or aftragal, carved fo as to ref:njb!e a necklace. BL'ADLE, S. [from bydel, Sax.] a public crier, herald, or mtflenger. In Law, one who cites people to appear at a court j one whofe office is to i-unifli, or apprehend fltol-' lers, vagrants, and petty oftendcts in a parilTi, At tile univerfi:y, one who walks before the maftcr? in public procelllons. Squire beadles' are thofe who attend peruiiary on the vice- chancellor, give no'.ice of convocations at each colkee, and are generally malters of arts. BE'ADROLL, S. [from had, Sax. a prayer, and rolt] a lift or catalogue of a certain number of prayers for fouL of the dead, which are gcner lly crunted by the members of the Romilh church on their beads. BE'ADSMAN, S. [from head and w<i«J one who devotes himfelf entirely to prayer } one who undertakes or profcilcs to pray for another, , BEA'GLE, \b]ggles, Fr.] in Natural Hiflory, an Englifh hound, or hunting dog, of a final! fize, known by ics deep found, and ufed in huntinj; hares. BEAK, S. \_bec, Fr. beck, Belg. becco, Ital. pig, Brit. J the bill of a bird, or any thing which tefembles it. In Geovjraphy, a (harp promontory, like the fpout of a cup, fo called from its refembling the beak of a bird. BE'AKED, Adj. [from beak] (harp point- ed, re'.'embling the beak of a bird. BEAL, Si [boVa, Ita!.] a pimple, or any eruption in thi fkin, which raifes or^protube- rates beyond it j a walk. REAM, S. [Sa.-<. boom, Belg. bauvi, Teut. a tice] in Building, a large piece of wood lying acrois the wails of a bulidmg, furporting the princip..l rafters of the too;. Applied to a oalance, that piece of ircn, (^c. which fup- ports the .''cales. Among Weavers, a cylin- d.ical pieciof wood placed length- v/ays on the bici- part of the loom, on v. lixh the threads of the *->rp are rolled, and unto! as the work I advances i hkewife the cylinder, or round piece B E A piece of wood, on which the RuffU rolled, as it is weaved, pi iced on the forepart of the loom ; a ray ot lieiu darted or emitted from any luminous body. Applied to an anchor, the ftiaightpart or (hank, to which the hooks are fattened. Beam conipajjii are made with fliding fockets, to draw circles with very long radii, and ufed in drawing wall dials. To BEAM, V. N. [from beam, Sax. a ray of light] to emit or dart rays. BE'AMV, Adj. [irombeam, a rsy of light] that which darts rays ; fhining ; radiant. Applied to deer, having hums 3 fiom beavi, Sax. a tree. BEAN, S. [bean, ikn, Sax, taun, 111. ioone, Belg. bohr.e, bone, Teut. bonne, Dan.j in Botany, a kind of pulfe. The germen be- comes a long compreffed leathery poj, con- taining compreffed kidney-fliaped feeds. The Windfor bean is the beft. To BEAR, V. A. in its primary fenfe, to fupport, ftand under, or carry a burden j to deliver or carry ; to wear. Ufed with name, to go by. " Bcre that nanie.^^ Dryd, To fupport, fuftain, or keep from falling J to en- dure ; to permit, or fuiTer without refentment; to produce, or bring forth. Joined with/f/?;'- vtony, to give ; " Your tejlimony bear,^' Dryd, Joined with charges, to defray, or pay ; *' Somewhat that will bear your charges,^'' Dryd. To carry away by violence. Joined with down, to overcome, or carry along with one like a torrent. " He bore dotun all oppo- fition." To bear a head, in Diftillery, to /hew itfelf to be proof by frothing v/hen ihook. To tear a body, m Painting, capable of being well ground down, and mixing with oil, fo as not to (hew any grits or particles. Joined to price, to fell weil, or at a certain value. To endure the frowns of adverf:ty ; to fuft'er without re- monftrance, er complaint. To produce fruit, applied to vegetables. In Navigation, ufed with in, to fail towards. Joined to "ivitb, tn endure, im'r>lying feme reluftance j " To^t;^'- ti'ith my abrence." BEAR, S. in Natural Hiftory, a wild beaft with long fhaggy hairs, hooked claws, fceoing on fruits, honey, beer, and flefli. The fe- males go on longer than thirty dayf, when they eenerally produce five young ones. Bear, in A*,ronomy, is applied to two conftcUati- ons in the northern hemifphere, called the greater and the lefs. In the tail of the lad is the pole ftar, neves diflant above tv,'o deg. from the pole, BEARD, S. [beard, Sax. haerd, Belg. bart, Teut.] the hair v.hich grows on a pejfon's checks, iips, and chin, which has given no Imall caiife of ccntentionin the military,civil, and ecclefialric world. The Chinefe are very for.d of long ones, but nature having been Veiy fparing to them, they look on the Euro- peins as very greit men on account of this ad- vintage. Applied to vegetables, it fignifies the prickles which grow on the ears ot cora. B E A In an arrow, it is the barb, or forked point at the head. In Aftronomy, the bearer o/a comer, is the rays emitted towards the part to which it moves. To BEARD, V. A. [from beard] to take a perfnn by the beard, including the iiiea of ftrength, and contempt in the agent. Figuri" tively, to oppofe publicly; to der'y a perfon. BE'ARDED, Adj. [from beard] applied to perfons, one who has a beard. Applied to vegetables, that which has long ears, lik© thefe growing on the esrs of corn. Applied to inftruments, that which is forked like a filhhook, not eafily to be pulled out ; jagged. BE'ARDLESS, Adj. [from beard an6 lefs] without a beard. Figuratively, young, or not arrived to the ftate of manhood, BE'ARER, S. [from b^ar and er] one who carries, or conveys a thing from one to another. One who fupports, orfuftains, applied to dig- nity. That which produces or yields fruit, applied to veeetaijies. * BEA'RGARDEN, S. [from L-annigar- den] a place wherein bears are kept for diver- fion. Figuratively, any place where low di- verfions are exhibited, and tumult and confu- iion are cuftomary. BEA'RING, S. [from bear] the aft of fupporting a weight ; the carrying a burden. In Geography and Navigation, the ftuation of one place to another, with regard to the points of the compifs. In Arch;te£ture, the fpace between the two fixed extremes, if it has no other fupport ; or that between one ex- treme and a pert, £ff, trimmed up to (horten its bearing. BEAS r, S, [bete, Fr. from lejlla, Lat,] an animal not endued with reafon, generally four-footed, and haung no other covering or drefs, but that which nature has furniflied ic with. Figuratively, a perfnn who iiks in- confiftent with the chara(fter of a rational creature. BE'ASTLINESS, S. [irom beaflly and»f/i] that which is unworthy of a manj indecent, nafly, and highly difguftlul. BE'ASTLY, Adv. [i'tomieajiini ly] that which refembles a bealf, either in its forna, or other of its peculiar qualities. To BEAT, V. A. (betananA beatan, SaK. bete, RufT. battre, Fr. the pret. bntt, and part, p.fr. beaten] to ftrike a peifun; to pound, or reduce to powder; to forge ; to fubdue, over- come, or vanqui/l] j to mix together by violenc llirring. Ufed with the particle doivn, to leflTea the price. Ufed with brains, at bead, to apply one's thoughts to a difficult fuhjeft. " To beat his brains about things impornble.'' Hayw. " Waile his tiros, and be.it bis head abtiut the Latin Grammar. Lccke. Neuterly, to move, or throb, applied to the pulfe, or the heart. To beat up forfu'diers, to go a- bout with a drum, in order to raife recruits. The word ;./ is an cxpljiive, and might be kft out. K BE.\T, B E A BEAT, Part. paff. [from leat] violently attacked; ftruck. BEAT, S. [from the verb] a ftroke ; the found made by a drum, when ftruck by the flicks; the firoke or throb of the puU'e, or the heart. BE'ATEN, Part, pafl". [from beat] con- qutred, or vaiiquiihcd by an enemy ; often trod, fo as to hinder the grafs from growing, ap- plied to a pjth. BE'ATER, S. [from heat and er] an in- ftruKient by which blows or flrokes are given ; a peftle. " Beat at yLurmotiai w'nh 3i Lea!er," Moxor., BEATI'FIC, or BEATI'FICAL, Adj. [healifcus, from icalus, Lat. happy J that which can render a peifon compleatiy happy. Ufed ty divine;, for the b!if^ of heaven. BEATI'FICALLY, Adv. [from ieatlf.al and ly] in fuch a niin/ier as to make a perfon perfectly happy. BEATIFIC A'TION, S. [from beatijjc] in the Rornifh clmrch, an acknowledgment that a perfon is in he^v-n, and may be.efteemed as blell'eJ ; but not allowed the honours of faints, conferrel by canonization. To BEA'TIFY, V. A. [from heatus, Lat. und Jio, to make] to make perfeftly happy; to blefs with a place in the heavenly rnanfions. BE'ATING, S. [from ieat] punilhment inflidtd by blows. BE.^'TITUDE, S. [ieat}tuiio, Lat.] in Di- vinity, a ilate of perfect ha(»pinefs, fiee from defcdl or interruption, applied to that of the deceafed faints and angels in heaven. BE.'^TS, S. in Clock or Watch-work, the flrokes made by the fangs or pallat of the fpindle of the balance, or of the pads, in a royal pendulum. BEAU, S. [Fr. pronounced l>o, and has the French plural ieaux} an effeminate perfon ot the male (ex, v. hoib pafTiunately fond of drefs. BEA'VER, S. [bie-vre, Fr. tebcr, Sclav. iaber, Perf, teber, Luf. befoi-, befcr Sax. bejf- der, Dan. bt-vtr, Belg.] in Natur^-.l Hiftoiy, an animal which lives fometimes by land, and Ibmetimes by water, about {( feet long, and weighs from 40 to 60 lb. Its hair is either brown, white, or black ; that on the t'clly is of a very fine down, about an inch long, and is iiitd tor hats. Its tail refcmbles that of a fi/h more thaii any land animal, fervesit in- flead of a trowel n buiidin;;, and of a rudder in fwimming. Figur?ti»ely, ^cj^'er is ufed for a hat made entirely of fea-ver^s hair. Like- wife th;.t part of the helmet which covers the tace, fri^m the Fr. hariire. BEaU''1.SH, S. [pronounced bo-'ijh, from heau ar,0 ijh} refembling a beau ; cflcminate- ]y nice ; loppifli. BEAU'f ECUS, Adj. [from beautyl that which is formed with fo much elegai,ce and Jymmetry, as to raife an agreeable fenfdiion »»i the mind. BE Ali'TEOUSLY, Adv. [from bcuutsQUi BED and ly] in fuch a manner as to raife an ideacf regular features, finenefs of fhape, and elc" ranee of complexion. BEAU'TIFUL, S. [from beauty and/«/J that which has all the fymmetry of parts ne/- cefTary to convey the idea of beauty, applied both to perfons and things. To BEAU'TIFY, V. A. [from beauty and jio, Lat. to make] that which recommends any thing to the love or approbation of a per- fon by heightening or increafing its charms. BEA'UTY, S. bcaute, Fr.] a certain com^ pofition of colour and ligure, which raifes de- light and approbation in the beholder. Figu- ratively, applied to Mufic, Morals, Painting, Architefture, Statuary, and Literary compo- fitions, implying an idea of excellence in the objeft, capable of raifing delight in the mind. A perfon bleft with all that fymmetry of fea- tures, &c. that raife delight in the mind of a beholder, and extort approbation by its excel- lencies. BEA'UTY-SPOT, S. [from beauty and fpot] fomething artfully made ufe of to heighten the charms of a perfon ; a patch. To BECA'LM, V. A. [from be, SaX. pre- fix, and cabn] to reduce a flormor tempeftuous commotion of the elements to reft and quiet- nefs. Figuratively, to pacify the turbulent paflions that difturb the mind. BECA'aSE, Conj. [from be, Sax, prefix, and cauje] ufed to imply a reafon, or caufe of an alfertion or truth which comes before it. BECHICS, S. [8r,^i)ia., of Sr.!^, Gr. a cough] in Pharmacy, medicines _to relieve a coujih. BECK, S. an external fign, generally fuch as is made with the head. To BE'CKEN, V. A. to make figns to a perfon to approach, or come to one. Ufed with the particle to. To BE'COME, V. A. [pret. I became, comp. pret. / ha-ve become ; thus <:*:t-'iw<jn, Goth, to come, makes czcam, in the pret. fron* whence this word feems derived, with be, the Sax. prefix, a mere expletive in compofitionj to be made ; to grow ; to alter or change fron» one flare to another. Ufed with of, to hap- pen, to fall out, to be the end of. "What will become nf me ? Dryd. This phrafe is ge- nerally ufed with the interrogative pSrtidc •what. To BE'COME, V. A. [from be and civi- man, Sax. to pleafe, hequem, Teut. fit or pro- per] applied to perfons, to appear worthy of ^ to adurn, or grace. Applied to things, to fuit; to be proper for; to agree, or be fo adapted ta the circumftances of a perfon as to be graceful. BEt O'MING, Part, [irom become'] that which acquires a grace from its fuitablenefs or profperity. BECO'MINGLY, Adv. [from becoming and iy] in fuch a manner as to luit thecircum- ffances, rank, and charafler of a perlon, Ii£D, S, [bed, 111. tuid, Sax. btdde, Belg. tttij BED leH, Teut.j a place defigned for a perfon to fleep, or lay on, made of a facking covering, ftuffed with feathers, flocks, &c. Figuratively, lodging ; marriage. In Gardening, a piece ot made ground, enriched with dung, i^c. for .raifing plants, and other vegetable; ; ihe chan- nel of any river. In Natural Hirtory, a range er layer of earth, or mineral fubftince; a ftratum. To be brongb: to bed of a foil, to be delivered of", &c. To make a bed, to fliake it, lay the cloaths fmooth, and make it fit to be laid on. Bed, in Gunnery, a folid piece of oak, hollowed in the middle, to receive the breech and halt" the trunnions. To BED, V. A. [from the noun, hedden, Teut] to olace in a bed ; to goto bed. To BEDA/BBLE, S. [from be and dabble] to wet, fo as to occafion inconvenience and uneafinefs. To BEDA'GGLE, [from be and daggle] to daub, dirt, or plafh ths bottom of a garment, by walking carekfly in wet weather, and not holding it up. To BEDA'SH, V. A. [from be and da/h] to wet a perfon with water by beating it with a ftick, or carting a ftone in for that purpofe. To BEDA/WB, V. A. [from be and daivb] to cover a thing with dirt. Figuratively, to apply or lay on paint in a rough and ignorant manner. To BEDA'ZZLE, V. A. [from be and ^flxz/f] to overpower the fight by too much briehtnefs or luftre. BE'D-CHAMBER, S. [from /Wand cham- ber] a room furniilied v^ith a bed, and fet apart for fleeping in. Lords of the bed-chamher are lo, of the firft rank, who attend, in their turns, one week in the king's bed-chamber, laying on a pallet-bed all night, and waiting on him whenever he eats in private. The firft of them is called the gro'^m of the Jiole. BED-CLOi'ATHS, S. [itc^mbed?.n^chaihs] the blankets, quilt, coverlid, &c. which are fpre.id over a be<t. To BI'/DECK, V. A. [from be and deck] to embcilifh ; to adorn ; to grace. To BE/DEW, V, A. [from ^f and dezv] to moiflen, by fprinklingj in allufion to the I mjnner in wliich the dew moiflens the earth and v<;t£et3bles. BED f E'LLOW, S. [from bedinifelloiv} one who lie'; in the faine bed with another. BE'DrORDSHlRE, S, one of the coun- ties of England. It is bounded on the S, and S, E. by He'tfordfhire ; on the N. and N- E. hy the fliires of Huntington and Cambridge ; on the N. W. by Northampton/hire, and on the W. by Buckinghamfhire. It is twenty- two miles Lng, not quite fifteen broad. It contains 323 fquare mile?, nine hundreds, ten TTi'-rket towns, and 124 parirties, all in the diocef- nf Linoln, The air of this county is irild and f lubrious j the foil is a deep clay, a.'id abounds in corn and pafture in the nor- tjjwfi farts, but fandy in the midd?, eff ecially BEE fromWoodburn toPotton,witha ucJgeof hil.'Sj covered with woods. Its rivers nre the Oufe and the Ivell. In this county are very few manufaflures, ex. ept thp e of ftraw hats, and. bone lace. Its forefts and f arks are well ftock'd with deer, and other game. Its fit paftuieS abounding with cattle, produce great quanti- ties of butter and cheefe. Here is fullers earth, with woad for dyin<T, and plenty 0? poultry. It fends only four members to par.? liament, two of which are for Bedford town, which givts its naine to the county, which has no citv in it. To BEDI'GHT, V. A. [from be and dlght'} to fet oft' with drefs, or other external orna-» ments. To BEDI'M, V. A. [from be and dim] to darken, to obfcure by great briehtnefs. BE'DING, S. [bed'wge, Sax.] the bed, blankets, quilt, coverlid, &c. which are en 3 beH-fte>d. BED'LAM, S. [formerly fpelt Bethlehem, a religious houfe near ^'loor-gate, in London, converted into an hofpital for mad people ; its modern name may be derived from bettler, Teut. a beggar, and bam, a dwelling] a houfe fee apart for the abode and cure of mad people, BED'LAM, Adj. [from the noun] belong- ing to a mad-houfe. BEDLAMI'TE, S. [from Bedlam] an in- habitant of Bedam ; a mad perfon. BED'MAKER, S. [from bed and maker] 3 perfon who makes beds. BED'POST, S. [from bed and pofl] the port at the head or foot of a bed, which fup.? ports the tefter or canopy. BED'.PRESSER, S. [horn bed &nA preffer} a perfon fond of laying in bed j a heavy, lazy teilow. To BEDRA'GGLE, V. A. [from *« dnd draggle] to dirt, or foil the lower part of a' garment, by letting it drag in the dirt. To BEDRE'NCH, V, A. [from be and drench] to foak with an abundance of fome fluid. BED-RI'D, Adj, [from bed and rid] con- fined to one's bed by age. BED-RI'DDEN, Adj. [from bed and rid-, din] one who, being worn out by age or fick- nefs, is unable to quit his bed. BEE, S, {beo. Sax. h], Dan. been, Beig, haedJ, Brit.] in Natural Hiftory, a fmall in-t feft, whnfe indurtry is become proverbial, BEECH, S. lece. Sax.] a tree, from whofe fruit an oilis extradcd, much efteemed by th« French. BEE'CHEN, Adj. [bucer.a. Sax.] confiftinf of beech ; belonging to beech. BEER, S. [here, Sax. bier. Germ, harley, ber, Brit.j a liquor prcpiired from irijlt and hops, and rendered vinous by fi;rmentation. BEEF, S. [bxuf, Fr.] the flefh of black cattle. drelTcd up for the markets. BEEF-EATER, S, [frpm beef and to Mf] a vegman of the gyard. B E H BE'SOM, S. [befm, befma, Sax. hefem,' Teut. and Belg.] a houfliold inftrument, more generally called a broim, ufed by wemen to fwei-p the duft off the ground. BEET, S. [from beta, Lat.] the name of a plant, of which there are it^cn fpecies. It is boiled like parfnips, and often makes one o^ the ingredients of a foop. BEETLE, S. [hytel. Sax.] an infeft that flies about in fummer evenings, having four wings, the two outward being only iheaths for the other: they are black, and abound in damp places, fuch as vaults under ground ; alfo a great fledge, ufed to beat down piles, ftakes, wedges, &c. a wooden mallet, made ufe of in beating hemp. To BEE'TLE, V. N. [from the noun] to fet out ; to hang over. To BEFA'LL, V. N. [from be and /a//] to happen. This word is moft commonly taken in a bad fenfe. To BE'FIT, V. A. [of ^« and//] to fuit ; to tally with. To BEFO'OL, V. A. [of be and foci] to delude ; likewife to deride, and treat a pcrfon as a fool. BEFO'RE, Prep. [b\foran, Sax.] in the front, or fore-part, applied to fpace. BEFO'RE, Adv. earlier in time. To BEFOU/L, V. A. [of be and foul] to daub, fmear, or dirt. To BEFRIE'ND, V. A. \o( hizuifneni] to do a kindnefs to a perfon j to confer a fa- vour. To BEG, V. N. [beggncn, Teut.] to pray, Intreat, petition, or crave charity, fcivour, or alTiflance. To BEGE'T, y. A. [prefer I begot, or be gat, I hai-t begoUcn, or begot ; bigitair, h'lgat- tyn, begettan, bax.] to generate, orpring forth. BEGE'TTER, S. [from beget anA er,] he that generates, or gets a child. BE'GGAR, S. [See To BEG] one that lives upon charity. To BEGGAR, V. A. [from the noun] to reduce a perfon from plenty to want. BEG'GARLINESS, S. [irom beggarly znd nejs] a quality which would permit a perfon to fubmit to any meannefs, for the fake of a fubfiftence. BE'GGARLY, Adj. indigent. BE'GGARLY, Adv. [from beggar and />■] in a poor abjeft manner. BE'GG.a^RY, S. extreme poverty. To BEGl'N, V A. lo enter upon a thing. BEGl'NNER, S. [from the verb] he that jives the firfl: caufe or original to a thing. BEGI'RT, Part, tied, or bound round. To BEGUl'LE, V. A. [bigalian. Sax. to inchant, orfeducej to cheat, impofe upon, or deceive, BEGUN, Part. oalT. of begin. BEHALF, S. [from if and half] intereftj fide j party. To fpeak on a perlori's behalf, to ff uk in his favour. B E 1 To BEHA'VE, V. A. [blhaavan, Luf.] t* demean, aft, or conduft one's felf. BEHA'VIOUR, S. [{lombehavi] a man'* condu£V, or deportment. To BEHE'AD, V. A. to cut off a perfon's head. In Europe, this is thepunifhment of the great and nobly born. In China it is the pu- nifliment of the lower fort of people, whilft their fuperiors are hanged on account of theiT quality. BEHE'LD, Part. pafT. from behold, which feems to be a kind of tranfpofition from the Saxon, wherein the preter is bold, and the pre- lent healdan, BEHE'ST, S, [from he and hefi, of hafa. Sax. a command, keifen, Teut. to command] the pofitive commands of a fuperior to an in- ferior. BEHITSfD, Prep, [of bt and h'mdan. Sax. h'tndana, and h'tndar, Goth. Linden and blr.dtrf Belg. and Teut.] at a perfon's back j back- wards. "The Benjamites looked hehiTid ihtm.^* Judges XX. 40. Following, remaining after a perfon's departure, or death. Applied to mo- tion, at a diftance from that which moves or joes before, ufed with th-e verb /wj/f ; "It lea-ves our fenfe beiyind." Dryd. Ufed com- paratively, it implies great inferiority, or lefa worth. Ufed adverbially, it implies f«me- thing not yet difcovered or perceived by the mind. " We cannot be fure that there is n» evidence behind, and yet unfeen." Locke. BEHFND-HAND, Adv. [from behindit\i. hand] applied to perfons who live beyond their ir.come, and arc in debt. Ufed r-s an adjeftive in this fenfe by Shakcfpear, "My behindhand flackens." To BEHO'LD, V. A. [hebealdan. Sax.] to take a view of a perfon ; to have a perfon in fight, including the idea of attention, or look- ing on him for feme time. BEHO'LD, an intcrjeftion of the fame force with lo, " Beholdhovf fmallthat portion of the ball, " Where faint at befl the beams of fcience " fall." Po/.e. BEHO'LDEN, Part, [from behold] indebt- ed to ; lying under an obligation to a perfon. BEHO'LDER, S. [from behold md ei] one who cafts his eyes upon an objeft. BEH0'LD1NG,'S. obligation. This word is feldom ufed by elegant writers, BEHO'OF, S. [from bdo-^-e, bihifts, Sa». gain] an obligation which a perfon lies under j alfo the prolir, benefit, or advantage whicb may accrue from any thing. " In my behuof." Shakefp. To BEHO'OVE, V. N. [from behefatb, Sax.] to be incumbent on a perfon as a duty j or to be fit and fuitable in point of conve- nience, BE'ING, [the particip. of the verb to be] " As being the contrary." Milt. BE'iNG, S. aa ablUadlteim, fignifyingthe BEL exiftence of a thing t thus we fay, the Su- ' preme Be'tr.^ -^ a finite Being, &c. BE'JNG^Conj. [from be] fince. To BELA'BOUR, V. A. [oi be^n&la- hour] to beat a pcrfon feverely : a low and vul gar expreflion. To BELA'CE, V. A. in Navigation, to mend a rope, by laying one end over another. BELA'T£D, Adj. [from be and late] be- nighted j ufed to exprefs fomething which ought to have been done, but was omitted at a period part. _ To BELA'Y, V. N. [from he and lay] to lie in ambufh ; or to lie in wait for. To BELA'Y, V. A. [from beleygen, Belg.] in Navigation, to fatten. To BELCH, V. A. [healcan, bakettan, Sax.] to break wind upwards. BELCH, S. [from the verb] the aft of breaking wind upwards. BE'LDAM, [from belle dame, Fr.] a name given in derifipn to an old woman. To BELEA'GUER, V. A. [hellegeren, Eelg.] to block up, or befiege a place. BELEMNl'TES, [from QeXai;, Gr. becaufe of its refemblance to an arrow] in Natural Hiftory, arrowhead, or finger- ftone, of a whitifh, and fometimes a gold colour. BELIE'F, S. the affent of the mind to, or the aomi'.ting or receiving any propofition for true, on arguments ufed to perfuade us to re- ceive it as fuch, without certain knowledge that it is fo ; the articles aflented to by a per- fon ; the heads of a petfon's religion 5 the things believed. To BELIEVE, V. A. \geleafan, Sax. from ^e and lyfun, Sax. to yield to an argument, or grant the truth of a thing] to affert to the truth of a propofition founded on probable ar- guments ; to put a confidence in the veracity or truth of any one. BELIE'VER, S. [from believe and «r] one who gives affent or credit to a thing; one who aflents to the truth of Chriftianity, upon the probable arguments produced in its favour. BELPKE, Adv. [from he and like'] perhaps j f robably. BELL, S. [hell. Sax.] a'popular machine, pr veflel, ranked by muficians among the in- ftrumcnts of percufTion j made of a compound metal of tin and copper, or pewter and copper, in the proportion of 20 lb. of pewter, or 23 lb. of tin, to 100 wt. of copper J hung in fti-eples of churches and in houles. Its lound arifes from a vibratory motion of its parts, like that of a mufical chord ; for the ftroke of the jirlapper changing its circumference from a round to a fpherical form, which by elafticity endeavouring to recover its former fhape, un dergoes alternate changes of figure, and by that means give a tremulous motion to the air, in which found confjfls. Thofe of the Egyptians are made of wood. Tlie Tuiks have a very great averfion 19 bells, and pr*©- BEL h'bit Chtiftlans the ufe of them in Conftanti- nople, pretending that the found of them would be troublefome to the fouls of the de- parted. To bear the bdl, is to fupprefs others, or to be the firfl: in merit. To BELL, V. N. [fiom the noun] in Bo- tany, to grew in the fliape of bells. " Hops, 'n the beginning of Auguft, bell.''' Mortlm. BELLE, S. [from belle, the feminine of beau, Fr. fine] a perfon who drelles with ele- gance, behaves with gentility, and has all ihe polite accomplilhments that can adorn a lady. BE'LLES LETTRES, S. thofe branches of education that polifh and adorn the mind. Languages, clafllcal learning, both Greek and Latin, Geography, Rhetoric, Chronology, and Hiftory may be accounted the chief parts of learning contained under this term. BELL-FA'S HIONEDj Adj. that which refembles a bdl in its fhape. BE'LL-FOUNDER, S. a perfon who calls bells. BE'LLFRY. S. that part of the ileeple of a church in which bells are rung : probably a corruption of the French word Biffroy, a ftce- ple, or tower of a church. BEL'LIGERENT, Part, [from W/«?;r,Lat. war, and gcrcr.s, Lat. waging] a modern term, that which is at war; that which is engaged in war, BELLI'GEROUS, Adj. engaged in, or waging war. EEL'LING, Part, [a corruption of helloiv- 'ng, or bellan, Sax.] appHed to the noife made by a doe at rutting time. BE'LL-MAN, S. from W/and Kan] a fu- perior kind of watchman, with a bell which he rings at certain places in his parifli, before he repeats fome verfesontheeves of a feftival. In country towns, applied to the crier, wh» bears a bell_j which he rings, to give notice to the neighbourhood, before he makes his pro- clamation. BELL-METAL, S. [from belUnd metal} the metal of which bells are made. BELL'ON A, S. in Mythology, the fifter of Mars, and goddefs of war. When war wa» proclaimed, the herald fet a fpear upon a pillar before her temple; th?- prieftefles, in their de*- votions to her, Ijfed tp cut tliemfelves with knives, to render her propitious. To BE'LLOW, V. A. [Wan, Sax. balo, Lat.J to make a very loud noilje; applied to that of a bull, the lea in a ftorm, or the out- cries of human creatures ; but, in the lall fenfe, includes the ide i of tnntempt. BE'LLOVVS, S. (btleg, Sjx] an inftru- mcnr, into which air is alternately orawn and expelled, rulhing io at fomc aperuires in its bottom Called feeders, and ludiing out of a metal tube called its muzzle. Theii ufe in in- creafing the power of fire is weil known. BE'LLV, S, [bellig, Sax. ba/g, hakh, Belg. tola, Brit,] that part of the body which reach- es from the breaft to the (hi^hSj and contains K 3 t^w S E L t!ie fhtra'ls both in men and hearts; ufed fi- guratively, fiir eluttOiiv, or luxury in eating. To BE'LLY, V. N. [from the nounj ro fwell ; io proiuberate, applied to the thing •which grows hrger in one part than it is in another. - BE'LLY- ACHE, [from hcUy and ache, of art, Sax. a pain] a pain in the belly, arifing fioiTi wind or other flatulencies; the cliolir. BELLY-EOU'ND, Adj. [from hellj and bcu>:d\ afrscled with cofiivenefs. BE'LLYFUL, S. [from helly and fill] a fufficiency of food, or as much as takes aw.y the fenfation of hunger, and fatisfies the ap petite. BE'LLY-PINCHED, Adj. [from W/^ and p'wch] denied> or in want of fufficient food ; hungry. BE'LLY ROLL, S. [from M/y and rc/l] in Hufbandry, a roller or cylinder, madeufeof to I'oll ground after it is plov.'ed. " Roll it with a telly-roll that goes between the ridges." Mrrt'wi. BE'LLY-TIMBER, S. \frnm ie'ly and t'lmier'j food, or that which fuffices hunger, and fupports the human fabric, in the fanle manner as props or timber does a building. *' Founded in vour leUy-thnf^ery Prior. BE'LLY-WORM,S.[from ^r-Z/yand 7vcr,n] a worm which breeds in the belly or entrails. To BELO'NG, V. N. [h!ar,gen, o::hiige», Belg.] to be the property of a perfon. " A field hlorgirg to Boaz." Ru'h ii. 3. To have relation to, applied to the heads of a difcourfe. To be dependent on as a fubjeiS, or dorneftic, *' To v.h -m hil'^rgefi thou ?" i Sam. xxx. 13. To be appropriated to ; to have for its pecu- liar objeft. BELO'VED, Part, [from hekfe, which is hardly ever ufL-d, though nothing an b: more frequent than theufeof the participle; thus we fay, you are bek-.-ed by me, but never I behvc youj carefTed v/ith the greateft warmth of kind afl'edlion, as an ohjedl worthy to be be- loved. " This is my bclo'ved (an,^^ Mat. iii. 17 ■ BELO'W, Prep, [from be and loiv, of /a, or loh, Br-lg] applied to a place, not fo high 3s another olijctt. Applied to dignity or excel* lence, inferior. Applied to charafter, or rank, unbecoming on account of its meannefs : unfit or degrading on account of its bafenefs or vl- cioufnefs. " 'Tis much heknu me." Dryd. Uled adverbially, in a low fituation, or nearer to the e.'.rth. On earth, when oiipofed to above, fignifying hesven ; the regions of woe ; hell. '•' Profperous traitors, gnjlh their tee;h ielozi'.'" Ticiell. BEI.SW.A'GCER, S. [from bel, Fr. fine, and fvjagger,. of jufger, Dan. one v.'ho ftrnts with pridej one who makes a noife, and puts en an .I'r of importance. BELT, S. [belt, or belte, Sax. and Dan ha'fei/i, Lat.j a girdle f.iflencd round a per foil's middle. When a fword i, huRg to it, i is called a Jivord belt. In Alhonomy, two BED bright Hjarks like girdles furrounding the boJj^ of the planet Juniter. BE'LWETHER, S. \iron\ bell aniiuetber} a flieep, which keeps the reft of the flock to- gether, and draws them after him by the found of a bell hanging to his neck. To l'.I.'LY, V. A. [a compound of iff and /v] to invent a falrtiood ; to feign ; to calum- niate ; and to mifreprefent. To BEMI'RE, V. A. [from bt and tn\re\ to daub, or cover with dirt. BEMl'RED, Part, [from bemrel covered with diit. Figuratively, ftuck or finking irt a dirty or bo^igy pbce. To BE MO' AN, V. A. [from be and moatt, bitmoenan, Sax.] to exprefs forrow for any dif- after or calamity. BEMO'ANER, S. [from bemoamnA er]on& who pities, laments, or is afFefted with for*' row, on account of the difafters of another. To BEMO'IL, V. A. [from be and moil, oi inoiiiUer, Fr.J to bedaub; to fall, to be roll- ed in, or encumbered with dirt. To BEMO'NSTER, V. A. [from be and mar.fler\ to fpoil the proportions of a thing; to make a thing hideous, horrible, unfightly, or monftroiis. BEMU'SED, Adj. [from he and mu^e\ given to rhiming or poetry. A term of ridicule* " A perfon much lemufedin beer." Pope. BEN, S. an abbreviation ufed in common difcourle for Berjamin. BENCH, S. [from bene, hance, Sax. bene, Dan. banck, Belg. and Teut. banc, Fr. panco^ banco, Ital. j a feat made of a long board, dif- tinguifhed from a fiool, by its length. Ufed (or the prifon or liberties of the King's Bench, which fee. The feat whereon judges fi'. Fi- guratively, the petfons fitting in the trial of C2UfcS. To BENCH, V, A. [from <he noun] to furniih with, ereft, or make benches in any place. " It was benched with turf." Dryd. To place, feat, or prefer a perfon to a feat, or bcnth. " Who-:n I from meaner form have bencFd.'"'' ^hakefp. BE'NCHERS, S. [from ^mc;?.] in L^w, the fenior barriftcrs of an inn of court, intrufted witli the government and diredtion of it, out of which is annually chofen a fteward. To BEND, V. A. [pret. and part, pfetef bended ox bent, like the Id. benJe, preter bendte, bcndan, Sax. bander, Fr.] applied to /hooting with a bow, to ftretch ; to force from a ftrai;.hc line to a curve, or crooked one ; the poi:it or olijeft to which a motion is direfted. Fifjura- tively, to apply the mind to the confiiieiation of any fubjedt ; to bedifpofed to; to make fub- miffive. To tend the broiv, a motion of the eye-brow, wherein it is drawn from its na- tural fliape, generally done when a perfon is in a deep ftudy. In Navigation, to faften 5 " Eend the cable ;" i. e. fallen it to the ring of the anchor; to har>g, or jut over; to be I itrcngly inclined to, or rcfolvcd on; to bow the BEN t^ebo^y, or the knee, in token of fubmilTion, or refpedt. " ShM come bending unto thee." Ifaiah ix. 14, BEND, S. [from the verb] the part of a line, &c. wliich is notftraight, and forms an angle. In Heraldry, an ordinary or bearing, formed by two lines drawn a-crofs the fhield, from the upper part on the right, to ihe lower on the left. This is called likewife the bend ■dexter J the iend Jinijier is formed by drawing the lines from the left fide of the /hield to the right. BE'NDABLE, Adj. {(xom bend mi able] that whicli may be forced from a flraight to a crooked line; that which may be bent. BE'NDER, S. [from bend una er] one who bends any thing j an inftrument by which any thing may be forced from a flraight to a crook- ed line. BE'NDLETS, S. [from bend and !et, a di- minutive article, bandde', Fr.] in Heraldry, marks or diftin(flions in a fhield, of the fa.iie length, and but half of the bre.dth of a b«nd. BE'NDY, Adj. [bande, Fr.] in Blazonry, the dividing an efcutcheon into an equal num- ber' of partitions, BENE'APED, Adj. [from ^^ and n«^/). from tieafte, Sax. want, or neafttg. Sax. deficient] a fea term, implying, that a fhip has not depth of water enough to fet her a-float, bring her over a bar, or out of a dock, BENE'ATH, Prep, [heneoth, beneotian,S,aK. ieneden, Belg.J applied to fituation, not fo high as, or under, fomething elfe. Joined with Jtnk, it implies the prefTure of fomething heavy on a perfon, "Our country Jinks beneath the yoke." Sbakefp. Applied to rank or dignity, inferior to. " Far more fpecies of creatures above us, than are beneath.'" Locke. Applied to a£lions, notbecomingj unworthy of a perfon. "Be- neath his high ftation." y^tter. BENEDI'CTINES, S. [from Ben^di^, or Bennet, whofe rules they profefs to follow] in Ecclefiaftical Hiftory, an order of monks, who wear a loofe black gown, with large wide fleeves, and a capuche on their heads, ending in a point behind j and were in England nam- ed Bbck Friars. BENEDI'CTION,S.[from^w^j;f7;o,Lat.] a devout prayer or ejaculation to the Deity to blefs a perfon 5 generally applied to the piou? wirties of a parent for t!ie hai^pinefs of a child, or the bleffiMg of a bifhop; happinefs acquired by, or owing to a bleflingj a grateful acknow- ledgment of bleflings received . BENEFACTION, S. [of benefiaum, Ca- ■p\n:oi benefacio, Lat.J a good and benevolent aftion; generally applied 10 charitable gifis for the relief ot perfons in diftrefs. BENEF.V '.TOR, S. [See BENEFAC- TIONj a man who confers a benefit, or Joes an aiSHoii of kindnefs to a perfon in want BENEFA'CTRES.S, S. [from benefaBor] a woman or female, who contributes to \Y.t relief of the indigent by fome charitable gift. BEN BENE'FICE, S. {benrf.aum, Lat.] a wor bonowed from the Romans, who ufed to diftr hute the lands conqu red on the frontiers t» their foldiers ; they were called benefidai il, and the lands themfelves benejicia, wlnrli v.ere at firft given for life only, but afterwards were made hereditary. Hence benefice, in the church, Tlgnifies either a church endowed with a re- ward or filary for the performance of divine fervice, or the falary itfelf, given on that ac- count. A fimpU benefcc, is that wherein a perfon is obliged only to read prayers, as in canonries, chaplainfliips, &c- A facerdotal h' nejlce, that wherein he is charged with th« cure of fouls. A benefce in comtfiendam, is that which is given to a perfon on a vacancy for a certain time, or till it is provided for. BENE/FICED. Adj. [from btnefice] poffeffed of a chui^ch-living. 5 BENE'FICENCE, S. [from beneficentla, Lat,] a difinterefted inclination to do a good aftion, or to promote the welfare of another. BENE'FICENT, Part. Ibenefaciens, Lat. performing afls of kindnefs, and affiftance, without any views of intereft. BENEFi'CIAL, Adj. [from bentficium, Lat.] that which affifts, relieves, or is of fer- vice to. " Very beneficial to m«;nkin.i." BENEFI'CL'IL, S. a benefice. " How to obtjin a bemficial" Spenjer. BENEFl'CIALLY, Adv. [from beneficial and ly] in fuch a manner as to relieve, eflift, cr he of fervice to a perfon, BENEFrClARY, Adj. [from beneficel he that holds any dignity as dependent on, and tributary to, another. Ufed fubftantively, it implies one who is in poffefiion of a church, living or benefice. " The benefiiciary Is obliged to fervethe parifh churches." Aylifif. BENEFl'T, S. [from bene, well, and/a, Lat. to become] that which turns to tht pro- fit of another; an a£l of kiiidnefs or love, done to helper aflidjnother. Among players, the whole takings of the theatre, which ?re applied their own ufe. In Law, benefit -f the clergy, was an ancient liberty of th' chuic'; whereby any pricft: might on hi- petition, ;v.:n in cafe of murder, be del vered to his ordinaiy in order to purge himfelf. It is at pref'-nt con- fined to figmfy a pcrlon's -'eing only burnt in the hand for felony, and fee free for the firlt time. To BENEFl'T, V. A. [from the noun] to do fomething to or for another, whereby he may receive advjntage, or improvement ; to promote, increafe, o. rcndtr better. " Sinrll nothing benefit your knowledi;e ?" Shakei'f, " Far from benefiting trade." Arbuth. Ufed neuterly, to improve- Applied to the mi> d, to reap advantage from. " What 1 have ^e^ ^f^.V(f hrrei ■!." Milton, 3i-.NE'V0LENCr;, S. [from b^netiokntia, Lat, bene, <.v:\\, and "r/c/s, Lat. to willj a <lif- pofition of mind, whersby a perfon is fironv; y impelled to do another all the good he can, K 4 With- BEN ^without any views of intererrand reward. Fi- guratively, the adicn, or good deed, proceed- ing from ihis difpofition. BENE'VOLENT, Part, [from bintfohns, Lat. inclined to do good from an affedlionate regard lo a perfon, BENGA'L, S. themofteafterly province of the Mogul'sflominions in India,on ihe Ganges, bounded on the N. by the provinces of Patmi and Jefnat ; on the E. by Arracan andTi- pra ; on the S. by the bay of Bengal and Orixa ; and on the W. by Narva and Malva ; extend- ing 400 miles in length, and 3C0 in breadth fiom N. to S. and is annually overflowed by the Ganges in the fame manner as Egypt by the Nile. One of the Eaft India company's fettlements is here ; this place affords rich car- Eoes for 50 or Co vefiels yearly, befides what 3s carried in fmall veffels to the neighbouring countries. Likewife a thin flight ftufr com- pofed of filk and hair, ufed by women, and jnsde in this phice. To BENI'GHT, V. A. [from ie and r.igbt'] to be overtaken by darknefs in a journey; to be without light; to wander in the dark. Applied literally to the eyes, and figuratively to the mind, BENI'ONf, Adj. [pronounced as if written lemne, irom hcnignus. hixJ] having a difpofi- tion that inclines a perfon to do a good a£lion to another; a kind, generous, or liberal. In Med cine, wholeforr.e, gentle. BENI'CNESS, S. [from benign and ncfi] that q-iality which inclines a perfon, or fits a thing to do good to another. BENIC'NITY.S [the ^ is retained in the pronunciation of the word, though dropped in the fornner; kinlgviiaiY^^X..^ a difpofi.ion of inind inclining one perfon to be kind to an- other. In Surgery, that which promotes or favours any operation. BENI'GNLY, Adv. [from lex-gn and ly] in fuch a manner as to Ihew kindnels and con- defcenfion. BE'NISON, S, {hciiijhrs, of kmr, Fr. to b'efs] a blefiing, or an adt, whereby a perfon wiihes or prays for the happinefs of another ; applied to the blefTings of a parent; a rapture cf joyful gratitude on account of lome benefit received. BENT, S. [from iend, hendte, from hcnde, jn] that part of a fiick, ifc. which is forced from a right or ilraigbt li.ne ; that which foims an angle, of crookedncfs, in oppofition to fralgbt, the declivity, or llope of a hill. " On &Unr, the temple flood." Dryd. T':ndency, er the different appearances of an otjedt. " Apply itfelf to henii and tuvns of the matter in its rtfearchts." Lucke In Agriculture', a kind of grafr, cilleJ bcrtl-graj'u BE'NTiNGTlME, S. [from bent, a kind of grafs, and tim: j the feafon wherein p'geons feed on bent-grajs, which is before the peas ate tipe. To BENU'M, V, A, [from ienymai, Sjif.J B E H to rake a\yay, or deflroy the fenfe of fe:l- ing, applied to the cffeft of cold upon the extreme parts of the body; or the approach of death, and flupifying violence of any dif- order. To BEPAI'NT, V. A. [from if andf^j'mt'] to cover with artificial colours. Figuratively, to change the colour of ihecomplexion. " Elfe would a maiden blufh bepaint my cheek." Shakcfp. To BEPI'SS, V. A. [from be and ftftl to be unable to retain one's urine; joined with the perfonal pronouns "lyfelf, himfelf, SiC. To BEQUE'ATH, V, A. [from beciuathafi^ SM.Jkvithan, Goth, to fpeakj to leave a per- fon any thing by will. BEQUE'ATHMENT, S. [from bequeath. and ment] the leaving fomething, or the thing left by will. Seldom ufed. BEQUpsT, S. [from bequeath] fomething left by will ; a legacy. To BERA'TTLE, V. A, [from be and rattle] to make a noife at, including the idea of contempt ; to fcold. To BERE'AVE, V. N. [preter berea-ved, or bereft, from hcrcafan, Sax. bero-vven, Belg. berauhen, Teut.] to take away by foice, in- cluding a want of pity ; tpfpoil; to rob J to ftrip a perfon of his property. BERE'AVEMENT, S. [from berea're'] the adl of taking away, or leaving a perfon defti- tute of any thing, BERE'FT, Part, paflivc of boeaie. BE'RGAMO, S. [Fr.] a coarfe taprflry, maniifa<flurcd with feveral forts of fpun thready or ot P.ocks of wool, filk, or cotton, ox, cow, or j_o.ii's h.nr. Bb'RGAMOT, S, [bergamotte, Fr. in Gardening, a fine juicy pear, of a globular form, and a coat of an olive cnlour, mixed with brown ; an efTence or perfume, drawn frcm the fruit of a lemon-tree ingrafted wittl the ilock of a bergamont pear-tree ; likewife a kind of fnufi, of a large grain, faid to be only pure tobacco, with feme of thiieffence rubbed into it. BE'RG-MASTER, S. [from kerg, beorg, or burig, Sax. a town, hill, or caflle, and maf.er] the bailiff' or chief ofHcer among the Derbylhiie miners. BE/RGMOTE, S. [from berg, a hill, and mot, Sax. a cotincilj a court held on a hill in Derb\fhire, to decide the coiitroverfies hap- pening between the mir.ers. To BERHY'ME, V. A. [from be and rhymi] to make a perfon or thing the fubjcft ot a poem ; ufed by way of comempt. " Now heriyrnd fo lung." Pope, BL'RKSHiRE, S. [from Bearwucfcyre, S<ix. whence Bearrucfyre and BarrucJJpyrc, and thence Barkp.vre or BeikfAre] in Geography, a county in England, bounded by Hampfliire oa the S. by WiUfhire and Glouceflerfhire on the W. by the Thames on the N. and by ; Middkfex and Surry on the E. Its air is heal- th v. B E S thy, and Its foil fertile; its cliief produfts, are woollen-cloth, fail-clotb, and malt. Jt is 39 miles long, and 29 broad, containing 527 acres, 140 parifhes, 17,000 houfes, 12 market towns ; fends nine members to parlia- ment, two of which are knights of the fhire ; and gives the title of earl to a branch of the Howards. BE'RLIN, S. [fromhr, IH. hairgs, Goth, atown, and lir, a diminutive partidej in Geo- graphy, the capital of the marquifate of Bran- denburgh, in Germany, and the royal refidence of the prefent celebrated king of Pruflia. It is large and well built; its chief manufac- tures, befides various works of gold and filver, are thofe in polifhed fteel, and glafs, light fluffs, coarfe cloaths, ftocklngs, &€. Birlin is applied to a carriage of the chariot kind, very convenient for travelling, being both lighter and lefs apt to be overturned than a chariot. BERME, S. [Fr.] in Fortification, a piece of ground from three to five feet wide, left be tween the rampart and the moat, to receive the earth falling from the rampart, by that means hindering it from filling the moat ; it is fometimes pallifadoed. To BERO'B, V. A. [from be and rob] to fleal ; to take away the property of a perfon " Of yourfelf you thus ^froWf^ ate." Faery .^ueen. Seldom ufed. BE'RRY, S. [from Ser, III. l^ergien, Sax. from teran, Sax. to bearj in Botany, See BACCA. To BE'RRY, V. N. [from the noun] to produce berries. In the North, it fignifies to jlrike, from ier, Ifl. to beat or threfh. BE'RRY-BEARING, Adj. [from krry and tearing] that which beats berries ; other- Wif;; termed bacdferous, from the Latin. BE'RTRAM, S. [pyrethum, Lat.] in Bo- tany, an herb, named baftard pellitory. BE'RWICK,orBARWlCK, upon Tweed, on old fiontier-town, being a county and town of itfelf, as in all proclamations, &c. it is dif- tindtly mentioned after England and Wales. Though on the north fi^le of the Tweed, it is generally included in Northumberland. It was long the bone of contention between England and Scotland, and often pofletTed alternately by each i till Thomas Stanley, with great iofs, re- duced it to the obedience of Edward lY. from which time it has been poHelfiid by the Englifli without diilurbance. It is a large, populous, and fortified mayor town, with a garrifon in it, but not fo much minded fince the union of both kingdoms. Its language, manners, and laws, are a mixture of the Englifli and Scottift. It fends two members to parliament, and lies 52 miles N. W. of Newcaftle upon Tyne, and 340 N. of London. Lat. 55 deg. 40 min. N. long. I deg. 40 min. W, BE'RYL, S. [(Siij^xxcif, Gr.] a precious tranfparent ftone, like ciyflal, found in the frtines of the Indies. To BESCRE'EiN', V, A. [from ^# and B E S fcrceri] to conceal, or hide any thing. " Be- fcreeri'd in night." Shakejp. Seldoin ufed. To BESE'ECH, V. A. \yrti&^ Ibejougbr, I ba'ue bejought, from le and Jscan, preterjo/jcs; ■verfoeken, Belg.] to intreat with great earneft- nels ; to afk for as a favour, in an humbla and fuppliant manner. To BESE'EM, V. N. [lezhmm, Belg.] to luit, applied to a means ; to become, or be worthy of, applied to charaft&r or dignity. To BESE'T, V, A. [prefer I befet, I have bejel ; iefeta7i,SaK. ^efiet, preter; gafitan, Goth. preter^a/a/J to furround, fo as not to be able to efcape without difficulty, alluding to an enemy's furroundinga body of men, or fome fortified place. To endanger, to encompafs, ufed with the particle ivith. " We are iefct tulih thieves." Shak. To BESHRE'W, V. A. [from befchreyen, Teut. to inchant ; be[hryvcn, S^x. to coniefsj to wifh any thing unhappy or mifcrable to a perfon. " I bejhrew us both." Dryd, Sel- dom ufed. BESID'E, or BESIDES, Prep, [from he and fide. Sax, befyden, bcfydeits, Belg. iefeict, Teut. j by the fide, or near, applied to a fitua- tion. " To fit down ^f/ji/s him." Bacon. " Btjlde him hung his bow." Par. Lojl. la the enymeration or detail of particulars, fome- thjng more, over, and above. " In man there is a nature found b,/ide the fenfe^." Da-vies» " Great num.bers, bejide thofe whofe names are in the Chriftian records." Addif. InconfiftenC with ; not relating to ; not difcovcrable by. " A method befide and above the difcoveries of man's reafon." South, " It is be'ide my pre- fent bufinefs." Locke. Before a reciprocal pronoun, as hhnftlf, Sic. it implies the Iofs of reafon, or madnefs. "Thou art bifide thyfelf.''* AEis. Ufed adverbially, it implies an addition- al circumftance, or fomething more than what has been mentioned, " Bejides, you linovr not." Dryd. The reft ; or that which has not been already fpoken of, or mentioned^ " f^aft thou any here ^c/;i/ifs." Gen. axx. 12,. To BESIE'GE, V. A. [from bei^nAf.egr, pronounced as if written with a double ec, he^ feege\ to lurrousd, or attack a place with aa army, in order to conquer and get mafter of it. BESIE'GER, S. [from bcfiege and er] a perfon who attempts to take a town, by en- camping againft it. To BESLU'i5BER, V. A. [from be and jhbber] to daub, or fmite with any thing that raifes a difagreeable idea. To BESME'AR, V. A. [from be snA fmea.-'] to cover or daub with any thing which al- ters the colour of a thing, and raifes an idea of fomething not cleanly. Figuratively, to tarnifli, or deprive of its lufture, applied to charafter, &c. To BESMO'KE, V. A. [from be and [moke] to foil j to foul, or dry in Imoke. ToBESMU'r,V. A. [from /-^ and /m/Vao, Sax.j to fmear with any thing black 5 t(^t~ ciaily B A C c'allv aprlied to difcolouring a thing ty'fmoke, I BF.^SOM, S. [iefm, hefira, Sax ] an in ftiument confjfting of a long handle, to which birch or ruihes are fan-ened, ufed by houfewives to fweep iheir floors fro.ii land ordiift. To BESO'T V. A. [from if and fst] to ftupify with gluttony and drunkennefs. Ufed with the particle or, to doat, or be extremely in lovewith. ''i/f/ef/^flfca that lace and eyts." Dryd. BESO'UGHT, Part. PafT. of 5*/"wi?>. To BESPA'NGLE, V. A. [from be and fp^'figfe] to make a thing glitter, by themear.s «f forr.e fmall fhrningobjedi. " The heavens iefpanglingJ'^ Pope. To BESPA'TTER, V. A. [from *^ and Jpaiter\ to wet, by caftiiig i'mjil quaniities of water. Figuratively, to foil or tarnilTi the charstler of a perfon •* Whom never faftion could befpctter." Siuift. To BESPE'AK, V. A. [prefer I be/poke, crlbejpake\ I ba-ve bej^cki ox kcjpohn \ irom le, for, and fpacan, Sax. bcftechen. Tent, to buy] to giveoiders for the making i»f a thi.-g; to makeabargain for the purchafeof any thing, in order to prevent others from buying it; to engage beforehand. " To /-efpsak his'cuftcm." Llfi <if J- -Ka'/. To difcover beforehand, or forebode ; to aiidtefs in difcourfe ; to fpeak to, ** Thus the 'queen befpohs.'"'' Diyd. To de- clare j to fhsvi. " Orders that be/peak a mind compofed." /^ddif. BESPE'AKEJl, S. [from iefpeai and er] he that gives orders for the making of any thing to an artificer, or manu'afturer. To BESPE'CKLE, V. A. [from be and fpeckie, fapiedc, Pol.] to mark w ith fpots. To BESPE'W, V, A. [from be iad fpe<w, oi fpii'van, Sax.] tn vomit upon. To BESPPCE, V. A. [trom^eand//)i«] to feafon with fpice?, geneially applied to li- quors. *' Thou mif:h;eft bcipue^ cup." i-h~k. To BESPI'T, V. A. to wet with fpittle ; to fpit upon. BESPO'KE. irregular Part, from Befpeai. To BESPCT, V. A. [from be and fpot] to mark with (pots. • ToBESFREA'D,V.A.rfromi«and/^rM^; of jpradan, or fpredan, S.ix. J to extend a thing at full length over another; to cover with. *' Jt'ltb psinted flowers befpread." Dryd. To BESPRl'NKLE, V, A. [from be and fpriukle, Oi fpringe, Sa.x. iefprsngen, bejprhit- z,en, Teut.J to fpurt, or throw water upon a thing fo as to make it fjll t-.pon it in drops. To RESFUTTER, V. A. [from be and fti;!rer] to wet any thin;.', by forcing fpitlle in creeps from between the lips. BEST, Adj. [the fuperlative degree o! good ^ the comparative litter, from god or bet, I'itKra, if'jt, Sdx.J the higeft degree ot good. Ufed with the verb do, the utmoft exertion oi l^owcr, or ability. " Let each man do hit 6 ■ , BAD hefty Sbak. " Alnafchar in order to make hfbeftofh." Mdtf BESTI'AL, Aiij. [from befi'iJ, Lat. a beafl] that which has the nature of a beaft. .Applied figuratively to one that feems to have no regarJ for reafon, delicacy, virtue, fliame, or humanity. BESTIA'LITY, S. [from bejlial] that qua- lity which is contrary to the light ufe of re:- lon ; cppofite to every principle of humanity. BE'STIALLY, Adv. [from bejiisl and fy] in luch a manner as to refemble a bead, and below the dignity of humanity. To BESTJCK, V. A. [pre'ttrr I beftuck, or hafe tefluck, Uom,li ^n6 j1ich'\ to fix darts, or any pointed thing or mark upon a fubjefl ; to wound all over. " Truth /hall retire — bejiuck with flanderotis d.rts." Par. Left. To BESTI'R, V. A. [from he ini ftir'] to exert one'? power vigoroufly. Generally ufed with the reciprocal pronouns, k:m, her, himfelfy &c. " They muft needs icjlir tbemjehei" Ray. To BESTO'W, V. A. [bef.edan, Belg.] to give a perfon a thing which he had no right to oemand ; to give in marriage, ufed with the prepofition upon, before the receiver. " I could have bftoiued her upon a fine gentleman," Tatler, No. 75. To place, to lay up in a place. " Beftoived them in the houfe." a Kings, vi, 24. This lafl: fenfe is derived from be inAfsoiv, Sax. a place. BESTQ/WER, S. Iftom beftc-w zni er'] he that gives a thing ; he that confers a favour. To BESTRE'W, V. A. [part, beftreiued or Icftrcivn] to fcatter, or fprinkle over j to cover with. To BESTRl'DE, V. A. [fi-om be and ftriJc] to (land over any thing, fo as to have it^ between our legs, or a leg on each fide of it. As this pofburs is that of a perfon on horfe- bark, it is put figuratively for a perfon riding. " He biffrides the hzy-pacing clouds," SLai, To BESTU'D, V. A. [from le zndftudj to adorn with fhining dors, marks, or ftods. BET, S. [from tvsttan, Teut. ^vedJen, Belg. iveddian. Sax. to hy a wager, from <iued. Sax. a wager, h bring o ten exchanged for a tv, as fzi'a'e'we, fchivulbe, Teut. a fwallow J the money depofited by each of the parties who lay a wager, to be given to him who wins, 'To BET, V. A. [from the noun] to lay a wager. To BETA'KE, V. A. [preter I bitook, part. pafTive btti-ken, from i«and lake, b.tacan, SiX,] to apply ; to have recourfe to, with the reci- procal pronouns htm, her, &c. and the particle 10. " Here I betake myfeif to ihem again." TVoidtv. To take to, fiy, or go, applied to motion, " They both betuk them feveral ways." Par. Left. To BETE'EM, V. A. [from le and teetn\ to bellow, or give, " So would 1 beteem tn yoa this fword," Faery ^ To produce, alluding ' to BET to xht teeming-time of animals, *' t could iiveW heteem them from the tempeft of mine eyes." Sbakefp. To BETHl'NK, V. A. [}^xt\itx Ihtihought, from be and ther.can, Sax. which makes tbcthi or thuthe in the preter ; thogkgan, preter thahta, Goth.] to recal back fomething part into the mind j to recolle£l one's felf ; to fufpend our thoughts. BE'THLEHEM, S. [the houfe of bread, Heb] the name of a city in Jadea, famous for being the birth-place of our Lord and S».- viour Jefus Chrift. Applied, according to its etymology, to an hofpital, and at prefent ap- propriated to that where lunatics an- confined, near Moorgate, London. See BEDLAM. BE'THLEHEMITE, S. [from Bethlehsm] a peifon confined, or fit to be confined, in a mad-houfe, called a Bedlamite. BETHO'UGHT, the preter of Bethink. To BETHRA'L, V. A. [from ^« and thral] to bind and fetter as a captive. " She it is that did my lord bethraW'' Faery ;^ Seldom ufed. To'BETHU'MP, V. A. [from be and thump'\ to bang, or beat j a lud-crous word. *' I never was fo bethumpt.'''' Shakefp. ToBETI'DE, V. A. [^reltt it beaded, or hetid; from tid, Sax. time, feafon, or oppor- tunity] to happen to a perfon ; to betal ; ufed both of good and bad events j and fome- times with the particle to, '" What has betide to Cloten." ^hakcfp. BETl'lVrE, or BETIMES, Adv. [from be Sax. about, near, or at, ixxAtime, of tlma. Sax. a feafon, or opportunity] in Itafon ; without delay. " Learn betimes.''' Par. Reg. Soon ; in a Ihort time. Joined with monn'tig, early. *' They lofa betimes in the morning.'''' i Mace. iv. 52. BETLE, BETEL, or BETRE, S. [Ind.] in Botany, a plant, in great repute all over the Ea(}, refembling that which bears pepper ; but fo weak 2s to need a prop to fupport it. To BETO'KEN,V. A. [from be ind tsken] todeclare,tofhew,ordifcover bymarksor figns. BETO'OK, irregular participle, from betake. To BETO'SS, V. A. [from be and tofs] to be tofled about : to be agitated, dillurbed, troubled, or tormented. To BETRAY, V. A. {bedrelghen, Belg. httrlegen, to deceive, bed'ager, Dan. to deceive j to defraud, oi drugen, Teut a trick, dry. Sax. en impoflure, tradire, Ital, trchcr, I'r.J to df- liver a perlon up to his enemies, though bound to the contrary; to dilclofe a fecret entruftcd to one ; to difcover fome failing. " Lett you betray your ignorance." I'Vatts. To difcover. " Nor a ftone betray — the place Where once the very ruins hv." Addif. BETRA'YER, S. [from betray and er\ the perfon who treaL-heroudy delivers another into the hands of his enemies; one who difciofes to adorn or embellifh the perfon with ittts, % applied with gre.itheauiyvo the flowery creation. ''.The banks w ilh pionied and tulip'd brims, " Which fpungy April at thy bed bcirims.^' Shakefp. To BETRO'TH, V. A. [from ^? and troth, betr^iuen. Belg. betraiuen, Teut. oi treio,Tent^ taith] to pronaife a perfun in marriage. In Law, to nominate to a hiflionric. " Confe- crated a biihop unto that church, whereunto he was not before betrothed.^'' Ayl'iffe. To BETRU'ST, V, A. [from be and trtifil to truft, or rely upon the fidelity of another, applied both to perfons or thing?. " Betrujl him with all the good." Greiv. " Whatfoever you would betruj} to your memory." Watts, BE' ITER, Adj. [rhe comparative degree of good, of which beji is the fup-rlativej that which exceeds, is better or preferable to the thing it is compared with. " Altered for the htter.'" Uled as a fubftantive, a iicrton of rank or authority fuperior to ourfclves. " The coiirtefy of nation allows you my belter.''^ Sbak, BE'TTER, Adv. [the comparative of we/Zj in a more perfeft, exaft, manner ; more ad- vantageous, or profitable. To Be'TTER, V, A. [from the adjeftive^ hejlern, Teut.] to improve; to increafs the va- lue of a .hi);g; to amend by change; to fur- pafs; to excel ; to drengthen, or add ilrength to. i'E'TTER. S. [from bet\ one who lays wagers. BETWE'EN, Prep, [hettueonan, bet'wijnan. Sax. from be and t'iuee, Sax. twit, or tivecp Belg. two] applied to fituaiion, it fignifics the middle, or the having one of the two things mentioned on each fide of us. Applied to time, the middle fpace, or that which is included within the periods meationeu. " Betivecn the promife made to Abraham, and the coming of Chritt." Applied to qualitie?, partaking of each. " i?e/'iy£fn blaclc and white." Ap- plied to things oppofite or contrary to eacli other, it implies fcparation, or the idea of dif- ference acquired by comparifon. " Diftiiinuifli hitzveen what require, and what not," Locke. A reciprocation on both fides,applied tofriend- thip. " A great frieniftiip betiveen him and me." By themfelves, privately, exclulive of. any others. "That was done betiveen them. ' Greeiiivood. Betiveen is properly uled of only tivo perfons, but among, when more are included. BETWPXT, Prep, [het-zvlx, bcnvux, and betiveox, Sax.] ufed indifferently for between^ which fee. BE'VEL, or BEVIL, S. among Joiners, a kind of fquare, one or both lec,s of which are crooked,'according to the fwecp of an arch, or vault. Bcvll angle, is that which is not fquare, whether it be oStufe, or acute. To BE'VEL, or BE'VIL, V. A. [from the a fecret. Applied figuratively to things, with j fubflantive] to form a bevil angle, in oppofi- great elegance. tion to a right one. To BETRl'M, V. A. [fro.-n be and tr'im'] \ LEVERAGE, S. Ibevcragio, ital. [frot» teverCf B I A hnrre, to drink, bnuvage, Fr.] any com- rnon drink, or any thing arinkable ; a treat at putting on, or rirft wearing a new fuit of «!ojth*s'i a treat at a perfon's firft -coming to prifon, called likewife gurnifo. BE/V'Y, S. [Itom hct-a, Itil] a flock, or number of birds collected together ; an ail'em- fcly, or company. To BEWA'iL, V. A. [from be and 'wail, •f Kva, Sax. grief J to grieve for any cjlamity. To BEWA'RE V. A. [from he aNd -ware, guvaru-^n. Sex. ivatcr, Belg.J to aft with fo much caution as to prcvide againft any futuie obftaclc or misfortune. To BEWE'T, V. A. [from he and ivit\ to make moift or wet. To BEV/l'LDER V. A. [from he and ci'fW. oi ivaids. Sax. a wood, or wildernelsj to lofe in a place, or wood, which has no cer- tain p3th. Figuratively, to puzzle and per- plex the the mind with rifficuliics. "Loft and itxuV.dirtd w the fruitle;s fearch." Addtf. To BEWITCH, V, A. [from be and nv'iich] to injure by, or fubjeft to, the power of diabolical charms and incantations. Jn a fccondary fenfe, to operate fo powerfully on the mind by petfonai or mental charms, as to cap- tivate and be irrefiftaole. " Filled with fuch btivitchvrg tendernefs and lapture." SfeB. No. 123. BEWl'TCHEnY, S. [from hew'Mbj in the times of ignorance, fuppofed to be anirre- fiftable power, which perfons dealing in magic, cr uith the devil, had over others. In its ief ondaryfcnfe, a charm, either perfonal, men- tal, £fr. " 1 here is a certain LtioUchery, or fafciiztion in \vords." South. To BEV/RA'V, V. A. [heivregat, or iitre- ^an, Sax. the g founded like a y, ivrcegh:n, Belg. Minfhew deduces it from beiuyre Goih.J to difcovtr a ihing that is hid, or fecrer, either tkrrugli fimpliiity or treachery. EEVVR A'YER, S. [from heivray and er] a perlon who difcovers a thing v/hich fhould be concealed; a divulger of kcrets. BEYO'fvD, I'rep. \gnnd, bigeond, hegeort- «?a/». Sax.] a'word uled tu iignify exrefs in any thing. Applied to a ;'!jre, the fiirther fide or any thing, or that which is at the greateftdif- tance from us ; farther than. " Ecycnd iht. Hiountain." Acrofs, or over. *' B yyi:d ihi fea. Den:, xxx. 1 3. Too ^rcat for, or out of the reach of; excctding; above; fut^e- rior. '* Thy gcodnefs ^{yo..-^/ thought." Par. BE'ZOAR, S. in its primary fen''e, an an- tidote agjinft poifon. In its fccandaiy, a me- dicinal ftonc brought from the Eaft or Wefi Indies, found in the fiOT«ach of an animjl 0! the go»t kind, and compofed of feveral coats, like -.xw onion. BEZOA'RDJC, Afij. [from J.-asa/-] medi eiies compounded with aezoar, PIA'NGULATED, or Ef ANflULOUS, Adj. !_from ba, Lat. iwi^j ar.d yng\-us^ Lit, B I D a corner] that which has two angles or cor- ners. BI'AS, S. [^'jij, Fr.] the weight lodged in one fide of a bowl to direft or regulate it ia its courfe, and to turn it from a ftraight line. Figuratively, an influence, propenfity, or any thing which direfts the courfe of a perfon's actions to particular end. To Bl'ASS, V, A. [from the noun] to in- fluence a perfon to any particular meafures of conduct. BIB, S. [from b'lbo, Lat. to drink] a piece ot linen put under the chins of infants when feeding', to keep the viftuals which is fpilt from their doaths; likewife a piece of linen pinned on the front of the ftay of thofe of iTiOre advanced years. BIBA'CIOUS, Adj. [bibax/l.i.u'] much addifted to drinking ; or drinking to excefs. _ BlBACTY, S. [bibadtas, Lat.j the qua- lity of drinking too much. BI'BBER, S. [from blbo, Lat. to drink] a perfon who drinks to excefs. BI'BLE, S, [from BiBUq, Gr. a book] the volume containing the great truths of religion and conduft revealed from heaven by God, comprehending the Old and New Teftament j though fcmetimes applied to the Old only, as the word Teftament is reftrained to the New, The tranflationof this facred volume was be- gun very early in this kingdom, and fome part of it was done even by king -Alfred. Adelmas tranfiated the Pfaims into Saxon in 709 ; other parts were done by Edfrid, or Ecbert, m 730J the whole by Bede, in 75 1. Trevifa publifhed the whole in Englifh, in 1357. Tindal's was broutht hither in 1534; rcvifedand altered in 1538 i publifhed %vith a preface of Cranmer's in 1549. In 1551, another tranflation was publ;/hed, which being revifed by feveral bifiiops, 'was printed with their alterations in 1 560. In 1607, a new tran/iation was publifhed by authority, which is that in prefent ufe. BIBLIO'GRAPHER, S. [from /3,^X«f, Gr. a book, and y:3.<^io, to write] one who writes or copies books. BIBLIO'THECAL, S. [from blbUothtcg^ Lar. a library] beloneing to a library. BIBULOUS, Adj. [bihu'.us, Lat.] that which fucks or drinks any fluid or moifture. BICE, S. in Painting, a blue, or bluifli. green colour. To BICKER, V. N. [from hkre, Brit, to conteftj to fkirmifh, or quarrel ; to tremble, Ji quiver, or move backwards and forwirds. Bl'CKERER, S. [from bicker and er] one who is qujirelfome. BI'CKER1?CG, S. [from hhler'] a quarrel, fKirmiili, or fudden attack, oppoled to a fet or pitclifd battle. BFCORN, or BI'CORNOUS, Adj. [from y/j, twice, and tornu, Ljt. a horn, that which has iwo horns. "'The letter Y, or ^corws^jJ slefTitnt of Pv'hagoraf." Bromn. . To BID, V. A. [pr«ter IbU^ ha^, ha/le, I B I G have hid, or hidden; frem biddan, %i^. ^rtttr ia^litibed; bldgan, prexer bath, Goth, bid, Id. to pray, or bcodan, Sax. to command] to requeft, or invite a perfoii as a gueft ; to order or command ; to offer a fum for the purchafe of a thing ; to puSlifh ; or proclaim. " Our bands thrice iiW." Gay. To offeror denounce. " He bids defiance." Granv, BI'DDEW, Part. Paff. [from bhi, to invite, cr beodan, Sax. to command] invited. " Bid- den guefts." Phtlipps. Commanded or forced. " Teach infant cheeks a bidden blulTi to know." Pope. BI'DDER, S. [from bid and er] one who cfl'ers a price for any commodity, BI'DDING, S. [from bid] command, and •rder, including generally the idei of a fupe- rior. " At his fecond bidding darknefs fled." Milt. To BIDE, V. A. {bidan, ahidan, Sax. bai- <f(W, Goth.] to endure, or fufier ; to dwell, live, remain, or continue, in a place. See ABIDE. BIDE'NTAL, Adj. [bidens, Lat,] that which has two teeth. Figuratively, that which has two prongs. BI'DING, S. [from bide] conflant flay, or refidence in a place. BIE'NNIAL, Adj. [frombiennls, Lat,] that which continues, or has been, for two years. BIER, S. [beer. Sax. from bceran. Sax, to bear, ber. Arm. bar, Perf.] a frame of wood, on which dead perfons are carried to the grave. BIE'STINGS, S. [from hyftincr, Sax,] in Farming, the firft milk given by a cow after calving, BFFEROUS, Adj. [^'i, Lat. twice, and/^- rens, Lat, bearing] bearing fruit twice a year. BIG, Adj. [bcgate, bogatre, Ruil. a giant, hug, Dan, the belly] applied to dimenfions, large, imimenfe, fwelling out. Joined to -witb, or of, pregnant 5 with child. <• Big with young." Bac. Swelling, or diftended with grief. " Thy heart is big." Sbak. Applied to a perfon's looks or words, proud j haughty. BI'GAMIST, S. [from bigamy] one who has married another before the death of his firft wife, BI'GAMY, S. [from^M, Lat. twice, and yt^-iq, Gr. a marriage] a double marriage, or the having of two wives at the fame time; which is felonv by the hw. BIG-BEL'LIED, Adj. \ from big and beUy] fwelling out, applied to fails filled with wind j with child ; pregnant. BI'GGIN, S. \beguin, Fr.] the under-cap of an infant, covering the hind-part of its head, and made clofe, to keep the upper or mould of it warm. BIGHT, S. [byg'an, ^^x. to bend] the cir cumference of the coil of a rope, oppofed to its ends or extremities. Bl'GNESS, S. [from % and «/i] large- nefs, either with refpeft to quantity, bulk, or B I L BI'GOT, S. [fuppofed to be derived frorai Rollo's refuling to kifs the toe o/ Charles the Vth of France, when he received his daughter in marriage, and the inveftiture of the duke- dom from him, with this Gothic exprefTion, N'e le by Gud, on which account he was called by the king a bigot j a perfon who is flrongly and immoveably attached to any religion or opinion, notwithftanding the rtrongefl reafon urged to convince him by a contrary party. Uied in a bad fcnfe. BI'GOTTED, Adj.l[from%o?] obfVinate- ly prepodefled in favour of a perfon, or opinion. BI'GOTRY, S. [from%or] unreafonable firmnefs ; obftinacy, or attachment to any par- ty or opinion. BILE, S. [from biHs, Lat.] in Anatomv, a yellow bitter liquid or fluid, feparated from the blood in the liver, colledled in the gall- bladder, and diftharged into the lower end of the duodenum. BILE, S. [from bile, Sax. buyl, Belg. builo, Dan, hue/, Teuv,] a red inflammatory fwelling or tumour, very fore, and cured by fuppuration. BILGE, S. [bilig, SiX.bilgia, Ifl. a florm] that part of the fhip's bottom on whicli, toge- ther with the keel, (he reits, when a-grounj. Bilge-ivattr, that which refts on a fhip's bot- tom, on account of its flatnefs,and cannot go to the well. Btlgs-pttmp, is that which is applied to the fide of a fhip, to exhauft or pump ouc the bilge-water. To BILGE. V. N, [from thenoun] a fea- term, to damage, or break the boards of a fhip or vefltrl ?gainfl a rock, fo as to make a palfage for the water to enter j to fpring a leak. Bl'LIARY, Adj. [from hik or bilis, Lat.] in Anatomy, that which belongs to, or con- vey, the bile. BI'LINGSG ATE, S. a gate, port, or flairs^ on the river Thames, London, noted for the refort of filhormen, and fifliwomen. Figura- tively, low abufe and fcurrilous languigc, al- luding to that which is made u'e of by thole who frequent thisnlace. To BILK, V. A. [bilk, bilken,bien, Teut. a gaming-table, bdecgan. Sax. to lye, or de- ceive by lyes, hiluican, Goch,] to cheat ; ts> defraud ; to contract a debt, and run away without paying it. BILL, S. [bile, S.1X.] the horny fjaflance protuberating, and /landing our from the head of a fowl, and forming its mouth ; a beak. BILL, S, [bile, S.>x. of lull. Sax. fleelj in Flulhandry, an crigtd tool, with a hooked point, of an axe kind, fitted to a handle, and ufid to lop trees. If the handle be (hort, it it named a'hand-iill; but if long, a hedge-bill. BILL, S, [bille, Sax. 'billet, Fr.j in Trade, a written or printed account of goovls delivere4 to, or work done by a perfon. In Commerce, a common ol'ligJtion given by one perfon to another^ or t wiitin^ wherein a perfon obliges himfelf BEN himfeff to pay a fum of money to another a* a certain iimc. Eil! of credit, is that which is given by one perfnn to another, impowerina him to take up money of his corrcfpondents in foreign ci'iintiies. A. Bill of er.lry, is an ac- count of goods entered at the Cuftomhoufe, either inwards or outwards, mentioning the perfon exponing, &c. the quality and fpecies of tlie goods, where exported to, and from whtnce. Bill of ixcbauge, is a piece of paper drawn by a perfon on another in a different place or country for money received by him at home. Bill of lading, is a memorandum or acknowledgmen;, under the hand of the truiftcr cf a vefl'el, of his having received goods on board, together with a promife to deliver them as configned. Bill cf parcels, is an account given by the feller or buyer of the feveral goods bought, and their prices. Bill of f ale, is a folemn contract under feal, whereby a perfon transfers all right and intcreft lie has in his goods to another. Bill, in Law, is a firigle bond without a condition ; a declaration in ■writing, exprefTing fome grievance or wrong done by the perfon complained of. In Parlia- ment, a writing containing feme propofals of- fered to the houfe to be paiTed into a law. A phyfician's preilription. A Bill of mortality., h a bill, giving an account of the number of perfons dying within certain limits and times. A Bill cf fire, an account of the dirties of an entertainment, or ot the provifions in leafon. To BILL, V. A. [from bill, Sax. a beak] to ioin bills together. Figuratively, to carels •with great fondnefs, in allufion to the manner of doves joining their bills together. BI'LLET, S. [Fr.] a fmall paper, with fomething wrote on it ; a ticket direifting fol- riiers where to loJge ; a fmall log of wood for firing. In Heralory, a bearing refembling a long fquare, Bl'LLIARDS, S. [it has no fingnlar. BH- liardo, Ital.] a kind ol game played on an ob- long table, fixed txaflly iiorizontal, and co- vered with a cloth, with little ivory ball?, ■which are driven by the tppofite parties into haz.irds, holes, or pockets, placed at the ends and fides of she tjble. Bl'LLION, S, [Fr.] in Coinage, a bafe metal, either of gold or filver, in which cop- per \^ predominant. BI'l.I.OW, S. [from W^jTeut. holge,'Dd.n. iulgia, Ifl. a ftornn, iilur, Ifl. a whirlpool or fudden tempeflj a large, hijjh, fwelling, and hollow wave. To BI'LLOV/, V. N. [from the noun] to fwcll, or grov.- tempeftuous; to raile in large heaps like the appearance of billows. "The bill'.i:i:ng fnov/." Prior, BVI.LOWY, Adj. [from hillcw] fiormy, tempeftuous, fwelling into large waves. BIN, S. [hinre, Sax. lenne, Belg.] a long fquare frame, or cheftof wood, wherein coin bteid. /sff. are out.. To BIND, v. A, [pretcr kurj, bind, Ifl. B I S hancerdar., Perf. hindan, Sax and Goth.j to deprive a perfon of the free ufe of his limbs by bonds j to lurround, ericompafs, confine, fallen together ; to fix a bandage on ; to com- pel, force, reftrjin. In Phyfic, to flop a loofenefs, or make coflive. To bind a book, to few the fheets together, ancj place them iri a cover. With the word o'ver, to be obliged, under a certain penalty, to appear at a court of juftice. BI'NDER, S. [from bind] one who binds books; one who lies (heaves together. In Sur-- gery, a fillet, -jfed to keep on the dreffings of a fore, and rolled feveral times about it. Bl'NDlNG, S. [from bind] that which \i bound, wound, or tied round anything; a bandage, " The izni/iaj of his eyes." Tatler, No, t;;. BI'NOCLE, S. [from binus, Lat. two, and eculus, Lat. an eye] in Dioptrics, a telefcope fitted with two tubes, fo that diftant objeds may be ften by both the eyes. BINO'CULAR, Adj. that which has two eyes or fights. Binocular telefcope. See BI^. NOCLE. BIKO'MIAL, Adj. in Algebra, a root, con- fifting only of two parts, BIO'GRAPHER, S. [from^.©', Gr. life, and')';a<j>a;, to write] one who writes the lives of particular perfons. BI'PAROUS, Adj. [from birus and fario, Lat. to bring forth young] bringing forth twa at a time. Bl'PARTITE, Adj. [from bifius, twofold, inA partitut, fupine of pariior, Lat. to divide] having two parts anfwering to each other ; di- vided into two. BIPARTI'TION, S. [from bipartite] th« a£V of dividing into two. Bl'PED, S. [^ipcs, Lat.] that which hath two feet. BIPE'NNATED, Adj. [from binus and penna, a wing, Lat.] hiving two wings. BIQUA'DRATE, or BIQUADR.A'TIC, Adj. [from his, L.t. twice, and quadra, Lat. a fquarej the next power above the cube, or the fquare of the cube root. Biquadratic equation^ in Algebra, is an equation where the un- known quantity of the terms has four dinien- fions. Biquadratic p'jiver, is the fourth powef of a number, or the fquare fquared. Biqua-: dratic root of a number is the fquare root of the fquare root. EIQUI/NTILE, Adj. [from bis, twice, and quintus, Lat. five] in Altrology, an afpeft of the planets, wherein they are 144 deg, from each other. BIRCH, S. [birc, hirce, heorce, Sax. bird, Dan. b;rck, Belg. kiorke, Run.] in Botany, beiula, it h3th male and female flowers at a dif- tance from each other. Linnaeus places it ill the 4th fe£l- of his2ift tlafs. There arefpur fpecies. Bircb-broom, is a broom or befom, mad- with the fipal} tsvi|5 of the birch-tree, See P£50M, BIRCKEN, B I S BIRCHEN, Adj. [fiom birch uTii en] made of birch. BIRD, S. [bird, birrde. Sax. a young bird, from hredan, Sax. to breeJ, orcherifli] in Na- tural Hiftory, a two-footed animiil covered with feathers, and furnifhed with wings, by means of which it can raife and fuftain itfelt in the air, and fly from place to place, BI'RD-BOLT, S. [from ii» Jand boh, Sax. an engine to (hoot with] a fma'l fliot, or ar- row, ufed in killing birds, Bl'RD-CAGE, S. [from bird and cage] a receptacle made wirh wire, ©"c. to keep birds in. BI'RD-CATCHER, S. [from bird and catcher] one who lives by catching and felling birds. BI'RDER, S. [from bird and <r] See BIRD-CATCHER, BI'RD-LIME, S. \hombirdini lim'e, of Him, Belg. and Dan. kirn, Teur.] a vifcous fubftance or glue, made ufe of by bird-catch- ers to t?.ke birds with. Bl'RD's-NEST, S. [from bird ani neft, fo called from the flowers refernbiing a bird's neftj in Botany, fuppofed to be a fpecjes of the daucus. BIRTH, S. [beorih, Sax. hu-t. Taut, ghe- tsorte, Belg.j the nafurj] exclufion of the fee tus by the vagina ; the aft of bringing forth ; the entrance of a perfon into the world ; any produ£li.}n J rank or dignity inherited by de- fcent. In Sea affairs, a proper place for a ihip to ride in j the diftance between a fhip when under fait, and the fhore 5 a place fepa- rated by canvafs wherein the failors mefs, and put their chefts. A gooi-h'irtby good accom- modations, wherein a perfon has every thing that is convenient. BFRTH-DAY, S. [from birth and day\ the day on v,?hich a perfon co.iies into the world, or is born, BFRTH-NlGHT,S.[from irV/iand -night] the night on which a perfon is born. BIRTH-PLACE, S, [from binh and flace] the town or place vvhertin a perfon is born, BHRTH-RIGHT,S.[from hirth and right] the right which a perlon acquires by birth, generally applied to the firft-born. Bl'RTH STRANGLED.Adj. [from binh and Jlrangk] ftrangled, choked, or killed by fufFucation, in coming into the world. " Fin- ger of birth-Jlrangled b>,be." i)bti,':r('p. Mjcb. BI'SCOTIN, S. [Fr.J aconfetlion mjde ©f flour, marmalade, eggs, Cfc. CrSCUIT, S. [from bis, Lat. twice, and cuit, Fr. baked] a kind of hard dry bread, made entirely of wheat flour, mixed with leaven and warm water, baked for long voy- ages four tirres, and prepared fix months be- fore it is fliipped. It will keep a whole year. Likewifea fine delicate paftry, or cake, made ot fine flour, eggs, almond?, and lofe water; or oi flour, eggs, fujar, and citron, o> orangt feel, and baked twice. B I T To BISE'CT, V. A. [from Bhnt, W9 andfeS, of feco, Lat.] ia Geometry, to divide any line into tv^'o equal parts ClSE'CTION,orBlSSECriON,S. [from bifeS?]\n Geometry, the aft of dividing, of the thing divided, into two equal Darts. BKSHOP, S. [from bifce-jfi, ot'bifiop, Sax. bifchjp, Belg. hijchzff, Teut. from s.Tiirxoffcf, Gr. an overfeer] a prelate, or perfon confe- crated for the fpiritual government and direc- tion of the diocefe, whofc jurifdidion confifls in collating to benefices, ordaining priefcs and deacons, licepifing phyficians, furgeons, and fchool-mafters. The bijhcp% are all peers of the realm, except the bifhop of Sodor andMan, who feems to be excluded that privilege from his being nominated by the lord of that ifie, all the others being nominated by his majefty; and from the iflind's being, as lord Coke ob- ferves, no:part of the lealm of Ei'gland. Next to the two aichbifhops, the bifhops of London, Durham, and Winchefter, have always the precedence} and the others follow according to the date of aheir confecration. BI'SHOP, S, a liquor made of water, wine, fngar, and a Seville orange roalted, BlS-'HOPRIC, S, [from hifaop, and rrr. Sax. implying a dominion, province, office, or dillridl, fubjeft to a perfon] the province, dif- trift, or diocefe, which belongs to a bifliop. BISK, S. [from bifjue, Fr.J a foup, or broth, made of different forts of fle(h boiled, according to johnjon. BI'jKET, S, See BISCUIT. BISMUTH, S. in Natural Hiltory, a con- fidcrable iieavy fcmi-metal, of a mucii harder and firmer texture than antimony, very fuf- ceptible of ruft. ^ BISSE'XTILE, S. [from bis, twice, and fextilis, Lat, fo called, becaufe the 6th of the calends of March was repeated in that year] a year containing 366 days, happening every four years, when a d,iy is added to the month of February, to make up for the fix hours which the Inn fpends in his courfe each year, beyond the 3f:5 days ufujlly aiTignsd toir. BISTOU'H V, S. {b,flouri, Fr J a furgeon'a inflrument, ul'cd in making incifions. BISU'LCOaS, Adj, [from biJcu!cus,L?.x,} cleft in two parts, cbven-fcoted. BIT, S. [from bital, Sax.] the whole ma- chine, or iron apurtenances of a bridle j more particularly the bit-mouth, BIT, S, [from hiie] as much a5 a perfon generally bites oft" at once. A fmall Spamfh coin in the Wed indies, valued at fevcii penes h.i|f-penny. To BIT, V. A. [from the noun] to pus a bit into a hurft's mouih ; to htiole. BITCH, S. [I'eice, bice, Sjx. beck, Tent. hite, Belg.] t!)c female of the dog, wolf, fox, and oier kind. To BITK, V. A. [pfeter bit, part, pafliva biiiin; of byt, 111. preier he^ia, bit, fubftrintive bitan, S«.J la- wound, pierce,, or d'.viJftwith B I V the teeth. To afFedl with pain, applied to cold ; to make a perfon uneafy, applied to fa tire or reproach ; to wound by its iharpnefs, applied to a fword, &c, " With my good titing faulchion." Shakifp. To make the mouth frcart, applied to the Aarp tafte o' fome acid bodies. To cheat or defraud. BITE, S. [from the verb] to divide, feize, «r wound any thing with the teeth, a fharper, a cheat; trick or fraud. BI'TER, S. [from bite and er] one that feizes with the teeth, applied to a dog. One that readily or quickly fwallows a bait, ap- plied to a fifh ; one who deceives or defrauds another by falfe appearances 5 a fliarser, BI'TTACLEjS. ffrom^V?, Belg.] a frame in the fteerage of a fhip, made of boards, and faftened with wooden pegs, wherein the com- pafs is placed. Bl'TTEN, Part, pafiive of bht. BITTER, Adj, [Sax. Belg. and Teut.] that which excites a hot, pungent, and aftrin- ^ent tafte, like that of worm v/ood. Figurative ly, wretched, miferable, painful, difagreeable, unpleafine' and hurtful, Bl'TTER, S. in Sea language, any turn of the cable round the bitts, fo that it may be let out gradually, or by degrees. When a fhip is flopped by the cable, (he is faid to he brought up iy a bitter -^ likewife the end of the cable wound or belayed about the bitts, callea the Utter f.d. BI'TTERLV, Adv. [from bitter and ly^ that which haf a bitter tafte. Figuratively, in a forrowful, painful, fharp, and fevere manner; ufed fometimes to cxprefsthe fuper- lative or highcfi degree ; very much. " He •went out and weut bilttr'y.'" BI'TTERN, "S. [h^four, Ft.] in Natural Hiftcry, a bird v.'ith a long bill and legs, which feeds on fifh, and is rematk.iblc tor its noife, called burr.p'irifr, BI'TTERNESS, S. [from bhter and --y/j] a kind of favour or (enfation, the reverfe to fweetnefs. Applied 'o manner, feverity, au- flerity. Applied to reproach, keennefs, fh;irp- nefs, or extremity. Applied to the polhon-, foriow, trouble, diftre'.s. Bl'TTER-SWEET, S. [from bitter znd pweet] in Gardening, the name of an apple, havinga tafte compounded of bitter and fweet. BITTS, S. [fitar, SiX.J two perpendicular pieces of tim;cr in the fore p;rt of a /liip. bo!ted to the gun-deck ; their heads are braced with a crofs piece, and feveral turns of the cable are taken over them, lor fecuring the (hir> when at anchor. Bl'TUME, or BI'TUiMEN, S. in Naural Hiilcry, a fat, tenacious, inflammable mineral fubftance, or a lolFil body which eafily takes fire, viclJs an oi!, and is not foluble in water. Bl>TUMlNOUS,Adj.[from bitumen] hav- ing the natiire and qualities of bitumen, Bl'VALVE, Adj. [from binus, Lat, two, anil -vaha, La:, a folding (loorj Ia Nik:u;ai B L A Hlftory, applied to fifli that hare two (hell», fuch as oyfters j and in Botany to plants whofe feed-pods open their whole length, to dif- charge their feeds, as peafe. BI'VaLVULAR, Adj, [from blval-ve] that which has two fhells, BIVENTER, S, in Anatomy, a mufcle fituated between the whole bafjs of the jav/ and the throat. BI'UOAC, BIHCU'AC, or BIOJAC, S. [Fr. from iveywatch, Tcut. a double guardj a guard performed by the whole army, which continues all night in arms, when before a place or enemy, in order to prevent a furprize. To raije the Ihuac, is to march the army t« their tents or camp at break of day. To BLAB, V. A. [blaberen, or blapperen, Teut, latp$ren, Belg.] to reveal a fecret, through heedlefihefs or want of caution, Ufed neuterly, to talk or tattle. BLAB, S. [from the verb] a tell-tale; one who difcovers fecrets through inconfideration, or too great a propenfity to talking. BLA'BBER, S, [from blab and er] one who difcovers a fecret through want of cau- tion, and » great fondnefs for fpeaking. BLACK, S. [blak, blak, Sax. black, Teut.] abfence or want of light and colour, owing to a body's refiefting no rajs of light. Dyers black, for ftuft's of a high price, is compofed of indigo, woad, boiled with allum, tartar, or aflies of lees or wine, maddered with common madder, and mixed with gall-nuts of Aleppo, copperas and fumach. The beft black cloth fiiould be firft: dyed blue. German black, is made of the lees of wine, burnt bones wafhed after- wards, and ground with burnt ivory, or peach- ftones; that with ivory is the beft. This is ufed by roiling-prefs printers. I'^cy black, is. ivory burnt between two crucibles, and ground with water, ufed by painters and jewellers, to blacken the bottom ground of the collets or bezels in which they fet diamonds, Spanijh b'jck, invented by the Spaniards, is burnt cork. Lamp or Ian-black, is the footy fmoak or foot of rofin, received in ftieep fkins, or piece* of coirl'e linens, fixed at the top of a chimney, wherein it is burnt for that purpofe. Curriers black, is made with gall-nuts, four beer and cold iron, for the firft blackening applied to the hides; but of gall-nuts, copperas, and gum arable for the fecond. Black after the word louk, and the prepofuion upcn, implies fuUen, unfriendly, and is a fi-jn of difpleafure. " Look' ed black ::'pcn roe." ^hakejp. Applied to moral adlion, hurrible, or exccihvely wicked, " So blfiik a deed," Dryd. Joined with blue, it im- plies the colour of the fkin eccafioned by a hard blow\ livid, " Beaten black a:\dbJue." Shakcfp. To BLACK, V, A. [from the noun] ta make of a black colour. BLACK, Adi. of a bhck colour. BLA'CKANIOOR, S. [from black and iiiior, mofl properly fpelt blackmcor] one whofe com* B L A Complerion is naturally black. See kEGRd. BLAC'KBERRy,S. [from black and btrry, fo called from its colourj in Botany, a fpecies of the rubui or kiamble. Blackberry bufh, the bud) or tree which bears the blackberry. BLACKBIRD, S. [from War^ and ^Vi] in Natural Hiftory, a bird fo called from the colour of its feathers 5 its bill is yellow, and Its fong refembling that of a man's whittling, which it imitates with great exjflnefs and docility. BLA^CK-BROWED, S. [from Hack and fjrczu] having black eyeibrows. Figuratively, daik, ijloomy, difmal, or threatening. " A black broiii'd ^\i(i begins Co rile." Dryd, BLACK-CATTLE, S. [from black and cati/tj in Huflandry, a general term including ox-n, bulls, or cows. BLA'CK-EARTH, S. [from black and earth} in Gardening, that which is on the fur- face of the ground, fo nanied ftom its colour, and lilcewile called mould. To BLA'CKEN, V. A. [from black] to tnake a thing black, which was of a different colour before ; to intercept th^ rays of light ; to darken. " The cloud /'/(?£-^e«^ the face of the jihole heaven.** South. Figuratively, to fully a perfon's chara£ler by defamation, or unmerited cenfure, " Let us blacken him what we czn." South. BLA'CKGUARD, S. [from black and guard} in low and familiar language, ufed to convey the idea of a perfon of mean circi m ftances, dirty and ragged drel's, of bafc prin- ciples, anrf worthy of contempt. BLA'CKISH, Adj. [from Wjf* and ]Jk ; of ijc, Sax.] inclining to a black colour ; fome- what black. BLA'CK LEAD, S. [from blacking lead] See LEAD. BLA'CKNESS, S. [from black and nefs] that quality of a body which arifes fiom its re- flefting few or no rays, and is owing to its potofuy, the minutenefs of its particles, and the rays of light fuft'ering fo many refieiflions in the infide, that few return to the furface ; war.t of light, or d.irknefs. BLA'CK ROD, S. [from black and red] the u/her of the or.ler of the Garrer, fo called from his black rod with a golden lion at the top. He jttends the king's chamber, and the houfe of lords in parliament. BLACK-SEA, [Mare Nigrum, Lat.] the modern name of thr Pontus Euxinu=, or Euxine fea. It lies betv/ecn Europe and Afia ; and, as farasitgncs, is their common boundary. It might more properly be called a large l.ik?, if it did not communicate with the Mediterranean by the Thracian Bofphorus. The Turks call it Cara Din^h'is. It is faid to be 3S00 Engli/h fniles in ciicuit. On account ot the dreadfu ftorms which rage more furioufly here than in any other lea, it has the name of the Black or Terrible fea : though at the fame timtf it ap peirs, that thofe frightful ideas were formed SLA of It before navigation had arrived at the pit' feftion it is now brought to ; yet it has been found, from later experience, that (he tempeft* on this iea are ve:y violent and dangerous, from the fea irlelf being inclofed almoft on every fide, arjd the waves bearing circularly upon tha vcfTel? that fail thereon. CefideS the danger is increaled, as on its coafts are no gDod hai"- bours ; efpecially towards the S. where the Turks navigate for the rnoft part. The loiitherri banks appear fomething black, by reafon of the large woods growing every- where on the confis. BLA'CKbMlTH, S. [from blucizndfmh hi a perlon who forges the larj;er works in iron, and derives his name from their colour, which is generally black, fr^m thi;ir not being po- lifhed J oppofed to a ivbitsfmiih, lA-ho forges the fmaller Works, which are generally poliflied. BLAD'DER, S. [blKdtr, Sax. bladder, and bladtr, Belg. blad<a. III.] in Anatomy, a thin dilatable, membranous body, which ferves as the receptacle of the uriae after iis fecretioil fro:T» the blood in tne kidneys, fituatcd in the pelvis o\ the abdomen j in men immediately on the re£lum ; in women on the vagina uteri. It likewife (ignifies a puftisle, blifter, or the fwelling of a membrane filled with any juice or fluid, fuch as that which arifes after fcald- ing or burning. BLADE, S. [from bydi bled, Sax. iW, bladt, Belg. blafte or blatt, Teut. blad, a leaf, Ifl. bled, Fr,J in Botany, the fpire or leaf of grafs before it grows to feed j the green fhoots or leaves of corn, which rife from the feed. Hence that part of a fword or knife, is called a blade, from the former's refenibling a blade of grafs. Figuratively, a bold, entcrpiifing, brifk, fierce, and gav perlon. BLADE, or BLA'DE-BONE, S. in Ana- tomy, the fcapula, or fcapular-bone, of a flit and triangular form. To BLADE, V. A. [from the noun] to furniih with a blade ; to fit a blade to a handle. BLA'DED, Adj. [from ^/a^/fj t,'aa: which has leaves, fpire-:, or blades. BLAIN, S. [bley/ne,S3x. the jt being found- ed like a, gebleyn, Belg. from blaert, Teut. t» IwcllJ a dillemper inci lent to beafts, ronfifting of a bladder growing at '.he root of ihe tongue, againft the windpipe, which at length groves fo large, as to ftop the breath. Applied «0 human creatures, a puf.uL' or blifter. To BLAME, V. A. [blu,uer, Fr,] applied to perfons, to charge them with having don« a fault. BLAME, S. [from the vrrb] the charging with wrong meafures or faults. Figuratively^ the defeft which merits cenfure. Ufed with to, it implies that which deferves blame, or i» blamcable. BLA'MEABLE, Adj. [from blame airi able] that which may be found fault with, or cenfured. BiA'MEABLBNESS, %.\_Uom.blameahlt L and B L A inJ ne's] that which tenders a thing faulty, or liable to blame or cenfute. BLA'MEACLY, A .v. [from blanreat/e znd /y] in fuch a manner as defetves cenfute or biame. BLA'MEFUL, Aclj. ("froin *.'a;.-^e and fir!!] I tha' which highly dek;v;s to be found fau!t with, cenfuiei, or blan ei. BLA'MELESS, Adj. | (rom iljwe ard Itfs] that which is no ways dcfrdtivs ; or defervci no cenfure or blame j ufcd foine'iiries, htf very rarely, with thf paitiric of. " V/c will be" i.'ana, 'if: .f th\s." Jo/h.x'i. 17. BLA'MELESxLY, Adj. ffiom b'arr.tljs and !y] in fi'ch a manner as to be Irei fiom f. ult, not merit cenfure. BLA'MELESi.NZSS,S,rfrom hlamdtp and tidfi] ihdt quality whiti> retirers a perlon or thing by no means the objeft ot cenfure or bljcne. BLA'iMER, S. [from hhme and <r] the jjcrfon v^lio cenfures, or cliarges a psilon or thiii^ with ddfeiJ^, or being wrong. BLA/MEVVORIHY, Adj. [from h'air.c and ivcKkf] th.it which dtfetves cenfure or blame, i''c u^iing thi idea of fomelhing wrung or defedt've. To BLANCH, V. A. [blamhir, Fr.] to wliiltn a thing w hicli was before of another colour. Fij.uia'.ivcly, to peel, applieil to the peeling al.Tionds, which difcovcrs their kernel of a white C(ilour. BLA'NCHEii, S. [from blarch znA er^ one who makes any thing white jaw hitencr. BLA'KCHiNC;, S. [from Lljnch] the aiHion, art, or inttlicd of making any thing w liile. In C inaae, ihc mclhoa mace u e ot to give the pieces tiia' brightnefsand la 're thty have Oil ilicir (\tii coming out of the mint. BLAr>iD, Adj. \l'uniius, Lat.J fooihing, mild, applied to lan^uige, " "VViln bland wi-rdi." Parntiije LoJI. Soft, t mperate, applied to weather. " The Zephyts blind," Tkomjon. To BLA'NUISH, V. A. [blandir, Fr.J to inHiiUdte o;.e'& fcit into a perfon's lavour j tu foo'-h, or allure. Seldom ufed. BLA'KDJSHMEN T, S, [from bLndijh] an iiiliriuaU/iii ad Irtis ; foft, mild, and knd exprcliiuns, by which <t jxifoJi iltils into liie Juvour of another. BLANK, AHj. [b!anc, Fr.] whiLifh or pale, applied to toiour. That which is not wrilien tin. Uftd wit;i ihi v-oiAlyA, either cxprtirec or Hnderiluod, coiWulcd ; dejected; 01 rtiewi'ip t'le fi^iis of di'appointment. Applied tovcrfc,' that wliich iias jio rhime j.bnt jMiltou, Thorn- Ion, and olhf-rs, have fhewn this lo be the mod mafculine ornament ot poetry, which bin-b cur language to a nearer re!tm:)ldnce of the Greek and Ronrian poetry, and f;ti in aixeiglii beyond the p'.elry of the Frctjch and Italians, which ihey mull look up ai with envy, ond ic- knuwledge it impuflible for their enervate lan- guages to attain to. J5LANK., S. [from the adjedtivej la Com B L A merce, a void fpace, or that which has no 'a ri- tiiit; on (T, but is left fo, in order to be fill?* up. Jn Lotteries, a ticket which has no prize crav.n sgiinft it. Figurav.vely, the mark or point which an arrow or piece is aimed at. To HLANK, V. A. [from the noun, blan- chlr, Fr.J frgur. lively, to confiife; difappuintj to evalV, Krinp to nothing, or render abortive, BLaN'KF.T, S. [bhn^hitu, Fr.J a flulF maie of woi.l, and uted for beds. To BLA'NK.ET, V. A. [from the noun] to cover or wrap in a blanket. " I'll blanket my loins." Shaiffp. Lear. BLA"NKLY,'Adv. [from bhnk and ly] In fuc'n £ manner as caufes or fnews conlufion, or oifippointment ; with whitenefs ; witk palenefs. To BLA'SPFIFME, V. N. [i/c,>.ff«jr#, Lat. of ^Xa5->.^£/.4S.v, Gr. oLfihemcr, Fr.J to fj ejk ill of God, his meiVengers, or things re- lating to his fervite, and compreliended in hi» revelation. In Law, an indignity, or injury offered to the Almighty, by denying what is h's due, or attributing to him what is not a- grteable to his nature, L'lvdiv. cap. i. BLASr-HE'iMER, S. [Uom blafpherr.e 3T,A <rj one who utters difiefpeiSful or irreverent things either of Cod, ChrilV, or any perfon in ihe holy Trinity, God's mefRngers, or any thing relating to religion, ELA'SFHEMOUS, Adj. [frnm blajpbeme'] that which is riifiefpeiflful or irreverent with re!f.'e<^ to God and heaveiily things. BLA'i.?H».MOUSLY, Adv. [from bUf- flemcus and /y^ in fuch a manner as is incon- fifte/it w;th that reverence wc owe the Deity ; in fuch a manner as to fpeak ill of God, and heaver.lv things. BLA'SPHEMY, S. [from blaffime'] an offering f^me indignity to God, any petf.,11 of the Trinity, any melVcngers from God, hii holv writ, or (he dod"lrinesof revelation. BLAST, [bUJi, Sax, and Uan, from bU- fan. Sax. blaafa i:ifinitive of blocs, Ifl. to blow] a breath, pufl', or current of wind ; ihe found made by blowing a trumpet or other wind in- flrument ; a warm air, or other 2her.:tien in the atmofphere, whicli withers trees, or caufes a pcflilence; the plague or pcftilence, " By the bliif} of God tb'V perifh." 'Job iv. 9, To BLAST, V; A. [blafian. Sax. blafiiK, Tout.] toinfedf vvi;h fome fudden plague or infc6ticn, by means of the air ; to caufo a thing to wither ; to luia a perfon's charafter by fj,reading falfe rumour; to render an cn- terprize abortive, or make it mifcariy. "This wa'J blajled.^' Arhu!h, BLA'STING, S. [from tljf,] in Mine- ralogy, the blowing up a vein of a mine by gun- powOer, which cannot be broken up by the Ipade, the gal, and the ax, or foftened by fire. BLATANf, Adj. [hkitari, Fr.] bellow- ing, like a Calf. '• The blutanC be alls." £>rj«/. Seldom u'ed. ELAZE, S, Ib.'afe, Sax. H^/.a, h''Jk, Sclav.] a flame,. B L E i kitr.e, or the llglit of a fljine. Figuratively, a Ipreading ahro.40 ; publication, or extending a report ; JikewiCe, tile white mark on a horicS forehead, reaching to his ncfe. To BLAZ.E, V. [iroon the noun]ii''eH with u^on, to fhine, or give ):glit. " Tlie third tair morn now hlavid uf>on the main." Pcf^e. Figuratively, to make a thing univerUllyknown by report or rumour. Son-eimies ufed wi;h the words abroad and a' out, " To bla'x.: abroad the matter." Mark\.^^. '" Whofe follies, i>hiz'd ab^ut, to allaie kno. n " Grairr. BLA'ZER, S. [t'lom ^,'j^tr and «-■] one Vi-ho fpreads abroad any report or ru.Tiour. Not iiiuch in ufe. To iiLAZ'ON, V. A. [b'afonncr, F..] in Heraldry, to name all the parts of a toaf, in their proper and technical term?. Figura'ive- ly, tofetoui, deck or a<^orn. " Then i/aaoBS in dread fmiles her hideous form" Gaitb. To difcover to advantage ; to nifplay, " How thylelf thou Z;/ii2;v«(y? — m thtfe two princely boys j" Sbakejp. io fLr;ad abroad ; to make univerfaily known. " £/jxow)nof ourinjultice every where." Sba'-ffa. BLA'ZON, S. [irom the verb] in Heraldry the art ot exprtfiln^ the feveral parts of a coar ot arms in its proper terms ; all perlons, be- neath the oifii&e of a noble, muft have their coats b/a'zcrid by metals and colours 5 nobles by precious flones ; and kings and princes by planets. Blazon is ufcd figuratively formsking an) thing public; a p^mr^oas dlfphy of any qua- lity, or claim iiu refprdl for any merit or dignity. To BLEaCH, V. A. [ahlcce, Sax. of ^ negative , and blece, Sdx. black, bkai, Balg. bley.h, Teut. p^ilej to whiten a thir.g by ex- poling it to the air and fun. Neuierly, to grow white in the fun, (;r open air. " The Vvhite (heet //iVac/jirp- in the open field." i^hak.\ BLEACH1'NG,"S. [fn.m /-Atfdijthe art o* making a thing w hitc, wh.ch w<.s not petfeftly lo before, or which was of a different colour. ELEAK. AJj. [\rnmbhcki.r blacc, Sax. pale or liviH, cold having that eflecl on per- lons] col ', fh^rp, ihill. BJ-EAK. S. [fiom blaec. Sax. pale on ac count of its C'llour] in Natural Hiftory, a fmall river or frefii- w^ter fi'li, always in mo- tion j its back is of a fea-v/atir green, and its belly white, and (hining. Ehals ire excellent feed, and in {e»(on in Auguft. ELEA'KNESS, S. [irom lltak and c./jj extieme coldnefs, applied to the air. BLEA'KY, Adv. [from b.'eak} cold or chiliy, owing to ihe wmH. BLEAR, Auj. [l.'atr. Belg. a bllflcT] dim or fore with water or rheum. Applied to the eyes, that whi. h caufesdimnefs of fight. "Tc cheat thee>e with bear iliufion." To BLEAR, V. A. ffro:n the aHjcaiveJ to orcafion riiinnefs of fight ; to make the eyes furc with watsr or rheum. Eii'urativciy, tu blind, or pr-jtenc the mind froTii taking no- dte of things. B L E To BLEAT, V. A. i/aetan, Sax. bIctUn, Delg. to make noife like a fheep. BLE AT,S.( from the verb] the cry of a /heep. BLED, Psrt. from BUid. To BLEED, V. N. [prttet I bUd, or have bkd i from bJeJdn, Sux.J to loofe bloovl by a. wound, (^c. to die by bleeding. " The lamb thy riot dooms tn/iiVf^." Pope. Figurativelr» to drop like thick or rich blo9d. " For me the balm ihall bhed.'" Po/.e. Ufed aftively, to txcr»rt bl'jod from a perfon by opening a vein viih a hfncet ; to let blood ; from iha Saxon r-h.ildUdtt) or bleed- laetan, Bclg. To BLE'MISH, V. A. to mark with any de'eifl j to fpot, flain, or any others ways to roDU thing of its beauty, value, or pcrfe£lion. Figuratively, to def .ime ; to ruin a perfon's re- I urat'on. " tint that my vcrl'e would bUh.ijb all the fdir." Dryd. BLE'MiSH, S. [from the verb] applied to perfcnal charms, a fear, or any thing that di- minifhes their perfection. Applied to manu- faflu.'es, a defei£t either in the making, or owing to fome accident. Applied to moral conduiS, 3 reproach, difi'/ace, defeat, or fault. To BLEND, V. A. [bitndan, Snx. blander, Dan. J to rnix or minf;le things tcge'her im- pcifetUy, or fo as the feveral compounds may re difcovered, apolied to the mixing of colours, '•' But b'enJtJ, not united." Boyh. BLE'NDER, S. [from bknd and «.-] a per.^ fon who rr.ir;g!es things together. BLE'.MHEIM, S. a village of Bavaria, one of the circles of Germany, on the V/. fide of the Danube, betwi>.t which and that of Hochftet, hence indifcriminstely called, the vidlory of HuthfleC or Blenheim, was fought on ever- memorable battli, Augufi: 2, 1704, by the confederates under John duke of Marlborough ar.d Prince Eugene, in which the French and Bavarians, commanded by the duke of Bjvarii, and t!;e mailhals T.illard and Mariin, where en- tire'y defeated ; when Tallard was taken pri- foncr, and contmued fo in England until per.ce was cor^c uJed. In this bloody and obflinate bdttle upv/nrds of 20,coo lives were loli : and Blenheim, which lay on the flaik of the French army, being crowded with their fol- diert, upon the turn of the aftion, was fur- rounded and fet on lire by the allies j whea lo,cco men wcte forced to furrenricr at dif- cretion, btfi^les tfhe many thoufands that were pufhed and periflied in the Danube. It lies three mik'S N. E. of Hochftet, and twenty- five N. W. of Au',;(bourg, Lat. 48 dfg. 40 min. N. Long, lodeg. 25 min. E. To BLESS, V. A. [preter 1 bUJftdor bUJl\ from bier fain, Six. hU£adur, blijftd, blejj-ii and blclpd, Jfl. blaxen, Dalm. ilaxtr.iy, Eoh. !u'jx(ns, Scalv. an.l RufT.J to pray for, or wiih happinefs or good to a perfon; 10 praife for h?pp-nefs received ; or alcribc our hap- pinels to God ; to confer every thing ihat can make a psrfyn perfc<f\ly happy, applied to God. L z BLE'SSED, B L I BLE'SSED, Part. pafT, of ttefs. BLE'SSEDLY, Adv. [from blfffcd ini />-.] in a manner which communicates the greateft hapoinefs that can be wifhed. BLE'SSEDNESS, S. [from hlcjfcdin^, ref:,] that quality which renders a perlon extremely happy ; the ftate of confammate felicity in hes- ven. Figuratively, the divine favour. BLE'SSER, S.' [from hltjs and e<-,'] he that prays or wifhes ths happinefs of another ; he that profpers any undertaking, applied to the Deity. BLE'SSING, S. [from W'/j,] a declaration of future happinefs in a prophetic manner ; a prayer in which happinefs is requefted. Figu- ratively, the divine favour ; any means or caufe of happinefs 5 any great advantage or benefit. BLIGHT, S. [from blyche, Teut.] in Botany, a dileafe inLident to plants, or fruit- trees ; the caufes of w hich have been varioufly affijincd hy difierent author!. For t.ht blights of corn, fee SMUT. Figuratively, any thin^ which makes an undertaking mifcarry, or dif- appoiiits a perfon's expectations. To BLIGHT, V, A. [from the noun] to ftop the vegetation of a tree j to tender it barren ; to wither. Figuratively, to bUft; deftrcy, kill, or wither. " BUgkt the tender buds of ioy." Lytilet. BLIND, Adj. [blirJ, Sax, D^n. Teut. Hinds, Goth, blindur, Jfl.] not able to fee; dt^prived ot fight. Figuratively, ipnorant, with the par jicle to, before the object. " All authors to their own defects are hlimi.'" Dryd. Some- times with of. " Blind of ihe future." Dryd. Dark, not e^jfily to be fcen, or found. To BLIND, V. A. [from the noun] to de- prive a petfon of hif fi§ht : to prevent a perfon from feeing ; to darken. Figuratively, to ren- der a thing obfcure, and not eafily compre- hendeJ. BLIND, S. fomething made ufc of to inter- cept the light, Figuratively, fomething made \ifeof to divert the tye or mind from attending to the defign a perlnn is carrying on. To BLIN'DFOLD, V. A. to hinder a perfon from feeing, by folding or tying fomething be fore his eyes BLl'.N'DFOLD, Adv. with the eyes co- vered ; with the eyes fhut. Figuratively, with- out confireration ; without ufing our reafon. BLl'NDLY, Adv. [from blind and /y,] without fight. Figuratively, fcarcelyor hardly to be perceived ; without examination j im- plicitely. BLrNDMAN's Bukf, S. a play wherein a perfon endeavnurs to cateh fome one ot the company, after fomething is tied over his eyes to prevent his feeing. BLI'NDNESS. "S. [from blind and nefs] lofs of ihc faculty of feeing, arifing from the lofs or diltemperature of the organs ot the eye. Figurativcly> ignorance, or want of knowledge. S t BLWDSIDE, S. ufed figuratively tii tt^ prefs the foibles or weaknefs of a perfon, which expofes him to the artifices of others, BLI'NDWORM, S. in Natural Hiftory> the larger flow worm, fo called from the fmall- fs of it« eyes, which hath induced fome to think it hss none ; a kind of fmall viper, the leaft of the Englilh venomous reptiles. To BLINK, V. N. [hlincktr, D*n. blwken, Btlg.J to wink with one eye ; to (hut one eye ; to be blind of, or to fee obfcurely with one fve. BlVnKARD, S. [from blink and aerdt, Belg. natuie] one who has bad eyes; one who fees but very dimly. Figuratively, one who difcerns but very impetfeftly. BLISS, S. \hli^'e, S»x. of br!f!an, Sax. to rejoicej joy arifing from the oofTeflion of fome great and important good ; a ftate of happinefj or of the higheft felicity ; moft commonly ap- plied to the happinefs of the heavenly man- lions. BLI'SSFUL, Adj. [from blifs and/a//,] a- bounding with joy ; poiTefled of the higheft degree of happinefs. BLI'SSFULLY, Adv. [from blififul and ly,\ in fuch a manner as to /hew the greateft figns of joy ; occafioned by the poflirflion and enjoyment of happinefs. BLl'SSFULNESS, S, [from bUfsful and nefs,] the quality or flate of extreme joy, arifing from the enjoyment of an impoitant and immenfe good, BLI'STER, S. [bluyjler, Belg.] a fwcUing ot the fkin, generally filled with a watry flui^ afterburning, fcalding, &ff. In Phar- macy, a medicine which attrafts the humours to a particular pait, and by that mean: raifes the cuticle. To BLI'STER, V. N. [from the noun] to rife in bliflers ; to be covered with blifters. Ufed actively, to raife bliftcrsby burning; to apply a plaifter, in order to ravfe a blifter. BLITHE, Adj. [blithe, Sax, bUde, Belg. blyUr, Ifl.J gay, airy, joyous, fprijhtly, owing to the enjoyment of fome good. BLl'THLY/Adv. [from blithe and /y,] in a joyoiip, fprightly, or airy manner, BLl'THNESS, S. [from blith and «/j,] the ftate of joytul alacrity and fprightlinefs. BLITHSOJVIE. Acj. [from blitb ind fome, of fum, Sax. implying a great degree of any quality, as lang, Sax. long, larg-fum. Sax, very kfig] very gay, airy, or fprightly ; cheai- ful. To BLOAT, V. A. [probably from bkivart. Sax. to fwell with wind] to /well with wind. Figuiatively, to (hew pride by the looks or gefture. Neuterly, it implies to look as if fwelled by wind ; generally applied to a per- fon's growing lufty, but appearing at the fame timeof a-n unfound or weak conftitution. BLO'ATEDNESS, S. [from bhated and «/j,] the ftate of a perfon or thing puffed up witb fat, or fwelled with wind. BLO'BBER; B L O BLO'BBER, S. a bubble. " There fwim tneth in the fea a round llimy fubftance called a hlohber.'"'' Carevi. Not in common ufe, BLOBBER-LIP, S. a thick lip. BLO'B-LlPPED.or BLO'BBER LIPPED, Adj. that which has thick lips, appli-d both to perfons and things " A blob-lipped Aell." Grew, " Flat-nofed and bkbb:r-l'ipped.''^ IS Eftrange, BLOCK, S. \hlock, Belg. Teut. and Ifl. hloc, Fr.] a heavy piece of timber, more thick than lonp- ; any maffy body; a peice of wood formed in the fhape of a fkuU, made ui'e of by barbers to make their perukes upon ; a piece of wood ufed by hatters to form or drefs their hats on ; the wood on which criminals are beheaded ; pieces of wood belonging to a (hip, fitted with fhives and pins for running-rigging to go through. Figuratively, an obflru£tion or impediment. " No crime is bUck eno jgh in our way." Decay of Piety. A perfon of dull parts, flow apprehenfion, or remarkable ftu- pidity. To BLOCK, V. A. [%«^r, Fr.] to flop up any paffage ; to indofe a town fo as to hinder any one from going into, or coming out of it. Generally ufed with the particle w/i. *' Blocks up the town." ylddif. BLOCKHOU'SE, S. [blockbuys, Belg.] a fortrtfs built to fecure a pafl'ige, and hinder any one from going through. BLOCK'ADE, S. [from *^f^%f, Teut.] a fortrefs or bulwark, eredled to ftop up or fe- cure a paffage. In war, a kind of fiege, wherein all paflagesand avenues are feized and ftopt up, fo as the befieged can receive neither provifions, reinforcements, nor intelligence, and are rednced to the neceflity of furrender- ing or ftarving. To BLOCKA'DE, V. A. [from the noun] to feize upon, and block up all the avenues to a place, BLO'CKHEAD, S, a figurative expreflion, ufed to imply a perfon of a Jj 11 apprehenfion } want of parts and great ftupidity. BLOCKHE'ADED, Adj. [fmmbleckbead] remarkably ftupid, dull, and incapable of im- proving, BLOCKISH, Adj. [from block and ;7?.]like a blockhead. See BLOCKHEAD and BLOCK- HEADED, BLOC'KISHLY, Adv, [from hlockijh and /y] after the manner of a perfon remaikable for his ftupidity ; like a blockhead, BLOC'KISHNESS, S, [from blccki.'h and "*/*] great dulnefs of apprehenfion J or ftupi- dity. BLOCK-TIN, 'S. that which is pure and pnwrought. BLO'CKWOOD S, in Law, the log-wood, brought from Honduras, and ufed in dying blacks. BLO'MARY, S. [from bloma, Sax. metal] ^he firft forge in an iron work, through which B L O the metal pafTes after it has been firft melted from the mine. BLOOD, S. [pronounced as If written bluJ ; bled. Sax. and Dan. ilooJ, Ifl. blotbi Goth, iloed, bleit, Teut. In Runic bloot fignifies bloody facrifices] a red warm fluid, circulating by means of the veins and aiteries through every part o( an animal body. Blocd is ufed figuratively, for family-kinJted, def- cent, life. Joined with hot or cold, a mild or warm difpofitioa ; a perfon of a warm or fanguine temper j a rak.e. Joined v/ithfejh, ufed in fcripture to fignify human nature in its corrupt ftate, or the ftate of unaflifted reafon. '■ Flejh and blood has not revealed iv," Alatih. xvf. 27. The juice of vege- " tables. The A/oc)(f of the grapes." Gen.xMx, II. To BLOOD, V. A. [from the noun] to ftain wifh blood ; to let blood. BLOO'D-HOT, Adj that which has the lame degree of heat as the blood, BLOO'D HOUND, S. a hound that fol- lows by the fcent j felzes with great fierceiiefs, will not quit the track of the perfon he pur- fues, and is trained to the fport by blood. BLOO'DILY, Adv. [from bloody and ly] in a cruel favage manner j inclined to murder or bloodfhed. BLOO'DINESS, S. [from bloody and rtefs] the ftite or appearance of a thing ftained with blooH. BLOO'DLESS, Adj. [(rom blo^d ani lefs] without blood ; having no blood. Figura- tively, dead ; pale. BLOO'DSHED, S. inurder occafioned by giving a perfon a wuund, by which he bleeds to death ; (laughter. BLOO'DSHEDDER, S. [from hloodjhed and f/-,] one who murders another, BLOO'DSHOT, or BLOODSHOTTEN, Adj. [from blood zni (hat, o\ Jhotten \ itom Jhot- ten, Teut. coa^luated, oxfcletan, Sax. to rufhj a diflemper in the eyes, wherein the blood* veffels are fo dlftended as to make them appea- of a bloody colon'. BLOO'DSTONE, S. {hhod-pin, Dan. hloedjhin, Belg. blut-ftein, Teut. J in Natural Hiftory, a mineral of a green colour, fpotted with a blood-red, hard, ponderous, eompofed of pointed nee>'lle9, and generally found in iron mines. It is ufed in medicine as a ftyptic, or to ftop blood ; and by goldfmith? and gilders to polifh their works. BLOOfDY, Adj. [from blood] ftained with blood. Flgiirativclv, cruel ; murderous. BLOO'DY-FLUX, S. See DYSENTERY. BLOO'DY- MINDED, Adj. cruel } inclined to murder or bloodfhed. BLOOM, S. [bloma, Goth, and III. Mum, Teut. bloim, Belg. a flower] in Botany, the Sower On fruit-trees and plant*, which pre- cedes their fruit. The fine blue fubftance ap- Dcaring on plumbs, £fc. Figuratively, a L 3 flourifli- B L O B L U flcurjdiing ftate, wjjifh they admltof increa^'e ] contemptible on account of its b^ing univcr. and improvement. P'i'ly known, even to the vulgar; to be fldle. To BLOOM, V. N. [from the noun] to produce blon'oms or flowers. Figuratively, to flourifh 5 to be in a flouriiliing fla'e. BLOO'MY, Adj. [from bhoni] full of blof- foms or flowers. Figuratively, in a ftjte of vigour, or perfe£\icn ; in a fluurirtiing (liUe. BLO'SSOMS, S. [from 6hjm, or hlofir.i, 5ax. hlcrJJ'om, Belg. a flower] in Boiany, the flower which aheirv\'ards turns to fc^iton trees cr phnf. ' To BLOSSOM, V. N. [from the noun] to put forth flowers or bloilomf, Vkhi>-h a)"ier- V-'ids tirrn to fruit. To BLOT, V. A. \l:l.tt]0, Blit. to ta'-^rp jr fl:rii:e ou' with in!c, bl-A'^r, Fr. to lii'le, hicto, r*ol. and i/j.'a, Sclav. DiliTi. and Roh. airt, piud, clay, pr a ilnnij to drop ink on a paper or other fubflancc; to effaci; or dafli ojt any word with ink ; ufed with out. Fi^uralively. to render a thing imperceptible, or invifilile ; to ert'ace ; to (lain, fully, or difgrace. " It blcti thy beauty.' Slxiiefp. To make hUck ; to dailcen. " Earlli blots the moon's girded wane." Com! y\. ■ BLOT, S. a fpot of ink dropped by accidi-nt on paper J a dafli of the pen on a word, in order to efface it. Figuratively, a (lain, or any tiling which caufes difgrace, applied to cha- laGcr. BLOTCH, S. a fore, puftule, or any erup- tion of the fkin, which conveys the idea of a defea. To BLOTE, V. A. \hkffen. Btlg. to prow red] to fnrioak, or dry with fmoak j hence hlottd or red herrings. BLOW, S. \b]nuiv(, Belg. hluivekn, to beat with a mallet] a ftroke given with the fift or any weapon. U'ed with at, a fingle attempt ; An intrigue that is not yet bkivn ufon by common fame." SfitSf. No. lOj. To BLOW, V. N. [t/o^vJ>;, Sax. i%f«, Belg. bluen, Teut. to produce flowers] in Bo- tany, to bloom, to bloTum, to flourifh. BLOWER, S. [from i/ow and e'-j among Miners, a melter of tin. BLO'VVINC, S. the an of forming glafs into its vavicus fhape?, by breathing or blow- ing with the moijih throiipli the blowiu',: pipe. BLO'WZE, S. a female of a healthy ruddy coimteiiance, or one whofe hair is geiierjily in di("rder, BLO'WZY, Adj. [from ilczvz.e'] ruddy faced, or with the hair difordercd. BLU;nBEI^, S. [See B/Mer, or BMher^ <:J] the f^t part of a whale, which contains the oil. To BLU'BPjER, y. N. Umbahla-f, Ital.] to weep in fuch a manrer as to make the cheks fwell. Ued aQ:ve!y, to fsyell tl>e cheeks with weeiiing. BLU'BBERED, Part, fwelled, big, or large, appli-H to the lips. BLU'DGEON, S. a fbort ftick, having one end loaded wi.h lead, (3c ufed as an of' lent^ve weapon. BLUE, Adj. [formerly fpelt Heir, from hkc. Six. hlatvr, Brit. l>l,iio, Teut, bhuio, or bhuciv, Belg. hku, Fr. kl-^e. Span, flat-v^ Sclav. Dalm. Carn. f^laiv^, Pol. be/crvhy, Boh ] of a blue colour. Ufed fubilantivcly for one of the primitive colours of the r^ys ot" 1 ght; and among dyers for one of the five fimple ormiOiosr colours, of wh'cb they form the others. It is made of woad, 'mall woad, or voiiede, and indigo. Tolak tlue n^'On a pcr- fon, is to beliold him with an unfavourable af- a fuddtii event; at once. " They lofe the i peO, "r forbidding countenance. province at a blow." Dryd. The a£t of lajing ordtpofiting eggs in flefh, applied to flits : " The bkiui of flies." Chapm. To BLOW, V. N. [pret. bleii', pa.f. pif- five, bLicn ; of blaivaa, Sax. hlafn, Teut,] to move, applied to the a^ion ot wtnJ. Ued fometimes imperfon -lly, with the panicle it. *' It bloivi a hjppy gale " Dryd. To breathe upon ; to found by me-:n"; of wind. " Lr:t the prating organ bloiu." Diyd, To found a inuf cal inf^rument by the breath. Uied with ever, to paf? or ceafe wiihout producing da- mage. " When the florm is blotun o-vcr — how bleft is the fv.ain .''" Gran-v, Ufed with up, to mount into the air, applied to the rfleff of gunpowder, " Some of the enemy's maga- zines bLiu up," Tat'er, No. jg. Ufed ac- lively, to drive or move by the torce of wfrd ; to tncreafe a fire, by meins of a pair of b 1 lowf ; to breatlie upon ; to found a wind in- flriirrent by the breath. " Their loud up- lifted an-'el triimf.ets blow-" Mi't. Ufed wuh. cut. to extineuifli by the wind or brcjth. I'feii yiiiih upon, to become common j to Ltcotnt To BLUE, V. A. [from the noun"! to make of a blue CO our, to give liien a blueilh caft by dipping thein.in cild water, wherein foap and iivrigo h^ive been ^iiiolved, "LU'EL^', Aav. [irom blue and ^] like a blue colour; bluilh. BLUE'NESS, ^. ['"roni ^/i/^aiid nefs] that nuabtv wh'ch denominates a thing blue. BLU'FF, Ac.j. applied to the looks, big, fwelling, furly. To BLU'NDER, V. N. [blundur, 1(1. blunderer, Be]e. blandern, Ttur.J to be guil- ty of a grofs millikc, induding the Iccon- dary idea of contempt, Uied .ifHvely, to go in a confufed manner in qutft or feirth, " Llu-i'!ders round about a meaning. " Po/e, To mix ienorantiy and by giofs mifake. " He biunde'S and conlounds all thefe toge- ther," ^tiU'iv^f.cct. BLU'NDER, S. [from tb» verb] a grofs miftake, applied both to actiois ar.dAvorW'^ and carrvinp with it the idco of grofs and lidi- culcHS niioidity. BLU'NDERBUSS, S. rf.otn io-.dfrh.fi, Bl,. #* B L U Belg. from rfsM'<;r, Belg. thunder, sni I'ti/Je, or ir'yj/e, Belg. a lube, or from Luldier, Dan. to make a roife, and hujfe, a tube] a kind of gun or fiifee, whofe bairel is generally male of brafsj and may be charged with feveral bullets. Figuratively, a perfon guilty ofgrofs j cei'ed opinion of his own importance j and ridiculousmiftak.es either in attions or bully. words. BLU'STROUS, Adj. applied to the wind, BLU'NDERER, S. [from blunder and <■/•] making a great nolfe from its violence. A,o- one who cannot diftinguiHi one thing from i flie) to pt-rfons making a nolle, an4 afiuiniog another ; one who is guilty of grofs and ridi- I the airs of thofe who are of f)nje importance. BOA Ing noife occafioned by the v'olencc of tJre wind. Figuratively, the height or noify tur- bulence ot anger, or vain c.mceit. RLU'STERER, S. [from blujlcr and frj a perlon who makes a great noife tio n a Con- culc'us miftakes either in adV.on or language BLU'NT, Adj. [according to Skinner from phmp, Belg.] applied to the point or edge of a weapon, that which will not pierce or cut, on account of its ihicknefs, oppofed to fharp ; deficient in politenefs or behaviour.; void of ceremony or politenefs ; not eafily to be pene- trated, " I find rny heart hardened and blunt to new imprefTions," Po^t, To BLU'NT, V. A. [from the nounj to fpoil the iliarpnefs of the edge or point o! any weapon, fo as to hinder it from piercing. Fi- BMI, S, a note in miific. BO, Jnterj. a word ufcd to excite terror ; nccording to Sir Willrim Temiilf, from Be, an old northein optain, whofc very luuks teirifirr' hi? enemies. BOAR, S, [,*"oi-.T,erly fpa!t h^re-, bar, nr bare. Sax. beer, Belg. cbir, Tcut. boyo-oiue, RulT.] the male hog. BOAR-SPEAR, S. a fpeir ufed in hunt- ing wild boars. BOARD, S. [bord, Sa-f. a table, or houfe, bra.i, S,, a pljnk, boui-d, Goth bwdd, Brit, guratively, to Icfl'en the violence of any paffion. I a table] a piece ot timber fawn ihin for the ufe " Blur.t not his love." Shake','p, BLU'NTLY, Adv. [from blunt and ^■,] applied to edge tools, not able to pierce or cut. Applied to behaviour, without ce;xemony, po- litenefs, elegance, or elocution. BLU'NTNESS. S. [from blufjt and vefs ,] of building, when thick it is caiJcd a plank ; a table. A table^ round which a council or com- mittee fits; hence the ccuncU b',ard ; the board cf works. Figuratively, enteitainment, diet, or food^ " May Ceres blefsthy board." Prior, The deck, or fi.ior of a fliip^ Ufed with vant of edge, point, or fharpnefs, applied to c-", within the fliip. Joined to iv'itbiut, as ■weapons. Flainnefs, abruptnefs, want of ce- remony, or politenels, applied to manners. BLUR, S. [borra, Span, a blot. SkinnerJ bJot or ftain. Figuratively, a defeft. To BLUR, V. A. [from the nounj to ef- face, erafe, or render a thing impeicep'.ihle Figuratively, to ftain, applied to credit, beha- viour, or reputation. To BLURT, V. A. to fpeak, difccyer, or dechre, without confiJeration, or notwitli- ftanding CdUtion to the contrary. Ufed wih the particle out, " BLurt out thofe words." Hakeit}. To BLUSH, V. W. {Ikjen, Bdg. to grow red] to redden, or giow red in the face at being charged with any thing which excites fli^me, or feeing any thing immodeft. Figuratively, to bear the colour of a blufh. Ufed with at be fore the caufe. " BkfJj at your vices." CaUmy, BLUSH, S, [from the verj] arednefsof the cheeks occafioned by the confcioufnefs of fome deft'ifl, or the fight of fome uncliafleob- jett. Figuratively, any red colour. " Tne rofes bluj}} fo rare." Crafiaiv. With the word firj}, a fudden appearance, or at fiift fit,ht.- " Obvioufly, and '^'^ f-'Ji bluJJy, appear to con- tain, &°c." Locke, to BLU'STER, V. N. [from b'as, Ifl. to biOw ; blirji. Sax, a blall of wind] to roar, ap- plied to tiie noife of the wind in a florni. Fi- guratively, to make a noife, bully, hedlor, Iwajger, or be tumultuous through a vain per- luafion or conceit of a perfon's importance. j^LU'STER, S. [from the verbl the roat- 'Lvit^oi/t hoard, out of the fhip. "\Vi:h over, over the (ides of the fliip, or out of the /hip into the fea. " Throived h\fn o-ver-board.''^ Si:j>t by the bonrd, is to flip by the fides of a fliip. To make a boiird, is to turn the (hip to the windward. To make a good board, is ufed ot a fhip when advanced much to the wijvi- ward at one tack, ToCOARD, V, A. [from the noun] to enter a flip by force j to at-tack or make tha firft attempt ; from the French aborder qufl- quun. To cover with boards. To board it ujj to the wind, is to turn a ihip to the wind- ward. To BOARD, V. N. [from lurJd, Brit. and bord, Sax. a table or houfej to live and diet at a houfe j to place a perfon as a boardpr at a houfe. BOAR^D-WAGES, S, [from board, im- piyirig food, and ^t'd^fij money allov/ed fcrvants to find thenifelves in vidfuals. B0A'R()1:R, S. [from bo^rd and er,] ope who diets, or eats at another''s table, at a feitleJ rate ; a fcholarthat lives in the mailer's houfe, and eats at his table. BO ^'R DING SCHOOL, S. a fchol where thefcholars live wi;h, and are found in vi6tujU by the mafter. BOA'RISH, S. [from boar and ifc; Sax. or i/k, Goth. J of the nature of, or like a boar. Figuratively, fierce, cruel, favage, lurious, ai^d void of t^ery principle of hum.mity. BOA'RISHNESS, S. [from boarijif and iiij't\ the fuiious favije qual.ty of a boar. L 4 Figuratively, BOB yig'jralivcly, want of delicacy. kInJnefs, pity, ani humanity. To BOAST, V. N. lb']*, Brit.] to difplay one's abilities in a proud, affuming, and vain planner 5 to magnify, exaIt,.or be proiid o(.\ EO.\ST, S. the thing a perfon is proud of; the caufc of a peiTon's piidc ; a vain and con- ceited liirpby. EOMSTER, S. {(tomhcajl and <r] one who makes a pompous display of his advan- tages, whether they conliii: in power, wealth, leafninu;, virtue, or religion. BO'ASTFUL, Ad.i. [from loafl and full] Jnciined or fubjeft to hrag ; oTenuiiou'-. nO'ASTIKGLY, Adv. Uzorr. bo.^fi'wg and /y] in fuch a manner as to brag of; or dilplay Vviih vain ponceit, and pompous eYpreflions. BOAT, S. [hat,hatc,S^-i. boot', Lot, lie.\i. and Teut. bad, Erit. bateau, Fr.J a fmall open vefTel, commonly wrought or moved by oarS, intended chiefly fur rivers and lakes. When rowed by one m.in, called a f:ullsr ; when by two, namc.H oars, by the Londonos. B'OATMAN or BOAISMAN, S. he that manager, or works a boat. BO'ATSWAIN, S. [from heat inifwa''n, q^ J-wan, Sax. a keeper, boatj-ivatn. Sax. J an officer on board a ihip, who nas charge of all her rigging, takes care of the longboat, and per furniture, fleering her by .hiir.felf ; c.Uls cue the feveral gangs and their cor.".p.inies to their watches, and other offices, and punilhes ail offenders that are fentenecd by tlie captain pr a court-mariial. To BOB, V. A. [from boho, Span, foolifh or fi)|y according to 'Skinner^ to conquer, or drub. " In their own Jand beaten, totbed, and thump'd." Sh-ikejp. To cheat, or deprive by fraud and cunning ; " Gold and jewels that I bibbed from him." Sbakefp. Tliefe fenles feem now obfolcte. To I OB, v.. N. applied to any body, which being hung or fufpended by a ihing, plays backwards and forwards ; to play or fwing againft a thine. " A birth-day jewel hcbbir.g at their ears." D>yd. " Againft her lip 1 hob.^' fi/lUt, To give a perfon a hunch or pudi with the elbow, by way of figna], or to make him take notice of any particular, BOB, S. [from the verb neuter] a jewel or other ornament which hangs loofe from the ear J the word or fentence repeated at the end of every verfe or ftanza of a fongj a blow, bunch, or pufh with the elbow, BOB, S. [from bob, to cut] a ftiort peruke. BO'BBIN, S. [bobme, Fr. from hombyx, Lat.J a fmall piece of wood turned in the form of a cylinder, with a little border jutting out St each end, and bored through its length to fcrew a fmall iron fpindle, and to wind thread, Viorfted, filk, ^c. upon ; the fmall reed put in the hollow of a fliuttle, round which the thread or lijk is wound to make the woot ; a fn»?ll neat turned ftick, round which the thread ii wound to mjke bone lace with j like* BOD wife t rotrnd white tape, ufcd by the ladies as | running tiring for their aprons, c^ps, &c. BO'BCHER RY,S.a game imong children, wherein a cherry is fufpended by a firing, which they ftrive tp bite, or get into their ■ mouths. BO'BTAIL, S. [from bob cut, and taU] a dog which has his tail cut cfl" entirely, or very fl'.ort ; hence the adjective Bfbta'd\i. BO/CARDO, S. "in Logic, the fifth mode of the fiift figure of fyliogilms, wheiein the firft proppfition is particular and negative; the fe- cond univCilal and affiima:ive ; the third, or conclcifion, particular and negative ; and the middle term the fubjeil of the iirrt and fecund prorofiiions. BO'CAINSF, S. [Fr.J a kind of gummed linen cloth ; buckiam. To BODE, V, A. [hodian, Sax.] to convey the knov/Iedge of fome future event, applied to an omen ; to portend, uled both in a good and bad ftnlc. BOD'l-MENT, S. [from bc^f] (igns fore- (hewing fome fu^^re event, uLd both of good and bad evenis, BO'DICE, S. [from lodut plural of b»dy'] (lays, or a kind of waiftcoat laced before', made of leather, and worn by country women next to their (hifts. BO^DlLEbS, Adj. [from body and kaje. Sax, or leife, Cimb. implying negation, abfence or want] that which, has no body j iacuipo., leal ; immateiial. BO'DILY, Anj. thaf which confifts of, or belongs to, matter ; that which belongs to thp body. Real, oppofed to chimerical. " Brought \o bodily i€t..'^ ^bakcfp. BO'DILY, Adv. [from boiy and/>i] in fuch a majiner as to be united to the body, or matter'j corporeally. BO'DKIN, S. [Brit, boddikw, Teut. a di- minutive noun, implying a fmall body, SkiK~ ner\ an iiiftrament with a fmill blade, and (harp point, to make holes with ; an inrtru- ment lormed like a needle with a long eye, uf..d by (emalcs to run a ribbon orltiingin an apron or other parts of their dreff , and tormcr- ly ufed in confining and tying up their hair. BO'DY, [bidige, Sax. ftature, bad, Brit, a tabernacle or dwelling, the body hcing the tabernacle or dwelling of the foul, rir of boede, Teut, a covering in the lame fenlej in Fhy- (ics, a folid, extended, palpable fubltance, of itfelf merely pafTive, and indift'crer)t either to motion or reft, but capable of any fort of mo- tion, or any kind of forms, comp(>fed of par- ticles infinitely hjrd, (f> as never to wear or break into pieces. In A natomy, that part of an animal compofed of bones, muicles, nerves, canals, and ju'ces. The real exigence of a thing or its completion, in opoofition to an image, (ludow, rep'-efentation, or type. " But the body is cf Chnlt." Coloff'. ii. 17. A collec- tion ot perfons united by (bmc common tye, or .charter. Applied to drefs, that part which covert BOH cover» the bndy. " The tody of a coat." The materials which cotrpofe a (tuft or othcf ma- pufadture. " Paper of a pood body.'"'' Applieii to l.quors, ftrcngth. " Wine of a good body.'"' Subftance. " A metalline *»^." B.yU. The main or chief pait of a thinj;. '* The kody of a church." A perfeft fyfliini, or thjt which coiitainsall the branches of a fcieuce. " A bedy of divinity." " A body of layis." To BO-'Oy, V. A. to produce; to Iring into beinj; \ " Imagination hodla iorth the foi'ms o'' lliings unknown." Shakefp, BO'DY-CLOATHS, S. the cloahs which tover a ho'fc's body, when dieted, &?<:. BOG, S. [from hog, Inft, foft, hiogJii, Belg. to bsnd, hucca, Itdl. a hole] a moilr rot- ten 'pot of emh, which finks and gives way to the wcijiht of the booy, formed ol grafs or plants puirificQ by fo:nc fpiing ; a mailh or jnorafs. ,./ To BO'GGLE, V. ^^ [bogil, Belg. a Tpeiylre, ghoft, orbug-beatj to ftaiC, run, or fly back at the fight of a terrifying objcdt. Ufed wiih the panicle at, to hefitate ; lo doubt ; to difftimble ; to be guilty of preva- fication ; or to pljy \a^ and loofe. Ufed wiih the particle iv'uh. " It was time to beggli tviih tlie world." BOG'GLER, S. [from boggle and rr] a perfon lull of douois; a fearful or timorous perfon. BO'G-TROTTER, S. one who lives in a boggy couniry. BO'GGV, Adj. [from bog] abounding in bogs, partaking ot the nature or c^u^lity of a ifg. BO'HEA, S. [I'eni hut. Chin ] one of the be.'V teas w hich conies' from Chin.<, and is the fecond gathering ; for all leas grow on the fame planl, and differ only according to the feafon of gathering ; and the method of drying. After it k gathered, it is dried in pans over a <ire, and rolled up in the form we have it, by a perfon employed for that purpofc ; the juice or oil of the pUnt, which then moKlens Ins hands, being of fo corroding a nature, that i( often eats into his fiefli, and produces the fame effecV as a cauftic. Bohea tea is very fe.'viceable, and where it agrees with a perfon, excels all other vegetables for preventing fleepinefs or dullnefs ; for taking oft' weari- nefs or faiigue j for raifing ihe fpirits, corro- borating the memory, and other faculties, which depend on a due temperature of the brain, if ufed chiefly in an afiernoon, drank moderately, and not too hot, as is the general cuftom. BOHE'MIA, in general, includes the king- dom of Bohemia Proper, the duchy of Sile- fia, and marquifate of Moravia, lying all to- gether ;n the form of a lozenge. It is bounded by Auftriaand Bavaria on theS. Brandenburg, the elcdlotate of Saxony, and Lufatia, on the N. the palatinate of Bavaria, and another part fif Saxony, on the W. Poland and Hungary on B O I the E. It lies between lat. 48 deg. and j* min. N- being about 300 miles in length and 150 in breadth. It formerly include4 Lufatia, till it was granted by the houfc of Auftria to the eleftoral houfe of Saxony, And the preateft part of this kingdom was taken in the year 1741 by the kiugof Pruflia, who ftill pofiefTes Silefia, it having been fincc ced.ed to him by the queen of Hungary. Bo- hemia being an inland country, and remote from the fea, the cold is more intenfe here than in fome ether places under the fame la- titude ; and yet the air is not healthy, cfpe- cially between Bohemia Proper and Moravia, and towards the S. and E. parts of Bohemia, on account of woods and miounrains, though it lies more open to the N. and W. Its princi- pal rivers are, the Elbe, Muldaw, Egra, Oder, Viflula, Moraw, Teyn, and Igla. Its reve- nues aie reckoned at about 1,400,00!. com- munibus amis. To BOIL, V. N, {bouiller, Fr.] to be vio- lently agitated with heat ; to have its particlet let into a violent motion by fire, and fo to be able to fcald any thirigimmerfed in it, applied 10 water. Figuratively, hot ; to move with 4 violent motion, like that of boiling water ; to be placed in boiling water, to drefs vic- tuals by boiling. To boil ever, applied to water, or other fluids, to have its contents fo rarefitd by heat, as to take up a larger dimen- fion than before, and to run over the fides of a veflel. To BOIL, V, A. to drefs victuals in water boiled over a fire. ROl'LER, S. [from i'oiV and frj one wha bulls any thing } a veffel in which a thing is Lolled. BO'ILING, S. [in Phyfics] the particles (if fuel p Jfing the pores of the veflel, mix with the liquid, and meeting with a refiftance there fufticient to deftroy their motion, they communicate it to the water ; hence arifes a Imall inteftinc motion in the particles of that fluid ; but the firft caufe (till continuing, that motion is increafed till the agitation of the water becomes fenfible : but now the patticles of fire, continual y flriking on thofe at the lowetl furface of the *ater, will impel them, both by its impull'c, and by their own rarefac- tion, upwards, during which the particles at the upper furface muft, by their own fpecific gravity, be defcrnding towards the bottom ; which will ejfily account for the furface of water's being fooner hot than at the bottom, and a perfon's being able to move a velfel of boiling water by putting his hand on the bottom, without receiving any hurt- The air thus dimini/hing the fpecific gravity of water, (o as to make tt mount not only in water, but likewife air, we hence are enabled to account for the fleam or fmoak.' The par- ticles of air dilated and expanded thus by hear, moving upwards, will meet and coalefce in their afccnt, by which means great quanti- ties B O L ties of "'atcr will rife and fall alternately, or, ill other words, the uaier will botl ; but the hejt continuing, and therarefadlionincrejrms, the water will now be too much for the veJjel to contain, and will cunfequently fweli ovtr iiS fide?, which the vulgar call h'Aiing oret . Jt tnuft however be added, that when water boil?, it cannot be rendered hotter by any de- gree ot fire whatever, BOKSTEROUS, S. [''ypy, Pol. rapid, fehemsnt, or fuiiour, l^yfler, Belg.J violent, iiirious,' vehement, cr ftcumy. Roaring, ap- plied to the wind. Figuratively, furious, warm, hot, outr.)geous. Applied to perfons, Violent. BOaSTEROUSLY, Adv. [from boljlerous ?nd /yj in a violent manner; furiouHv. CO'ISTEROUSNESS, S. [from ko^flerous and r.ejs^ the ftate or quality of being turious, tumultuous, turbi:lfr!t, and ftormv. BOLD, A,-;j. [bald, Sax. bJth, Goth. ia-jde, Btlg. balJo, Ital. bald, Teut.] not hindered from an undertaking, either by the threats of others, or the difficuliies attending it J daring, brave, courageou?, feailefs. Jmptidenr, rude, applied to the behaviour. l.icent;ous, or too free, applied to woras. Le- vel, ffnooth, even, cpplied by fai'ors to f;tu- ation. " Bold, accsfiiMe coafts." Jlcwel. 70 tr:a}:e bold, to take the liberty or fieedom. To BO'LPEN, V. A. [from hdd'] lo grow bold ; to make bold j to dilpel a peifon's feajs or douhrs. BO'LD-FACED, Adj. impudent, rot ftewing any figns of ihame by the counte- nance. BO'LDLY, Adv. [from ^»/</ and 7y] con- iidenlly ; with aflurance ; impudently. BO'LDNESS, S. [from holding nffs] cou- rage, intr-pidity, undauntednefs. " Having therefore Zic/..^/!^/i, to enter, &c.'" Heb. x. ig. The power to Ipeak or do what we intend, before others, without fear or diforder. In .■J bad fenfe, a refolution to do or fpeak any thing before other?, though confcions of it; being wrong or indccenr j impudence. BOLE, S. [bolui, Lat.j the trunk of a tre;-. " Up went a!I the bohs and bows." CLaf'Pi. A meafure aboot fix EngliHi quarters. in Nc;tur.il Hift' ry, and Phatmacv, a ponde- rous different coloured earth and fo"ne m?rle, but lefs fat than clay, fomev/hat fulubleinthe mobih, of a rough tafte, and ftains when handled, yltmeman bo'e, is a ponderous, far, friatle earth, of an aftringcnt tafle, of a co- Jour between red and ytliow, found in Ar- ineni 1. BO'LIS, S. [Lat.] in Natural HilTory, a great fiery ball, fwittly hurried through the air, generally drawing a tail after it. BOLL, S. "[in Bot^nyJ a round ftalk or ftem. To FOLL, V. N. to rife in a flalk. " The flax w.s holled.'" Ex. ix. 14. EO'LSTtxl, S. Ib-JJUte, Sax. b:Jfer BOM loly Run. a nsepinj; place] a long ticking fack filled with feathers, flocks, tS'c. made ufe of to fuppprt or raife a perfon's head in bed. Applied to drefs, a pad made ufe of to hide .lorne deformity. In Surgery, a comprefs or piece ol linen doubled, laid, or bound upon a wound. To BO'LSTER, V. A. to fupport, or raife a perfon's head with, a bolfter. In Sur- gery, to furce or keep the lips of a wound ciofe, by means of a comprefs. Figuratively, to fupport or maintain. BOLT, S. [bollt, Brit, bcult, Belg. ^«Xif, Gr. j a dart fhot from a crofs bow ; lightning ; a tliunder-bolt ; a fliort p-ece of iron made to fallen doors ; a fpot, cbftjcle, impediuient. To BOLT, V. A. [from the noun] to fa- tten v^.ih a bolt ; to fling out ; to fpeak with- out hefitation. " When vice can bolt her ar- guments." Milton. Figuratively, to faften. " The pins which ^c// (his frame." Bcnjohg- Ion. To feparate the fine from the coarfe parts of a tiling with a fieve, from blutir, Fr. '" He now had /'<;// ft/ all the flour." Faery Slueen, Figuratively, to feparate truth from falihood by rigorous examination. " Time and nature v.'ill belt out the truth." UF.jlr. To DOLT, V. N. to fpringout with furl- dennefs ; to ftart cut with the cjuicknefs of an anow ; to come in a hurry, or without due confideration. Ufed with the woid cut. " Boitii'g out upon the ftage." KO'LT-ROPE, S. theVope on which the fail of a fhip is fjftened. BO'LTER, S. [from /-/.'] to feparate with a fieve ; a ficve to feparate finer irom cojrfer parts, peculiarly applied to that made ufe of to feparate flour from bran. BO'LT-HEAD, S. [in Chrmiftry] a long ftraight-neckeri glafs veflel ufed indiftilluions. SsL- MATR-^SS. BO'LTING-HOUSE, S. [from boh, to fift, and houje] the place where meal is fifted, or feparated f;om the bran. BO'LTSPRIT, S. See BOWSPRIT. BO'LUS, S. [Lat.] in Pharmacy, a medi- cine made into a foft mafs, about the fize.of a nutmeg, to be taken at once. BOMB, S. [iombus,L^X.\ formerly a loud noife. *' A little flat noife in the room, byt a great bovi'> in the chamber beneath." Baccn, In Gunnery, a hollow ball of caft iron, filled with whole powder and nails, pieces of iron, ^c. fiirnifhed with a vent for a fufee or wooden tube, replete with combuflible matter, to be tjirown out of a mortar-piece. To BOMB, V. A. [from the noun] to at- tack with, or flioot bombs againft ; to bombard. BO'MBARD, S. [bombarda, Lat, from b,n,bus, Lat. a bomb, and aideo, Lat. to burn] a piece of artillery ufed before the invention of cannon, exceeding fliort and thick. To BO'MBARD, V. A. [from the noun] to fling bombs intp a town j to attack wiiti bon bs. BO'iM- BON BOMBARDI'ER, S. [from hojuhaiJ] the ei;;.incer who Pres or directs ths throwing of bombs I ut of the mortars. ' BOMBA'RDMENT, S. ffrom bombard] an attack m3dc upon a cUy, &c. by llirowif.g bombs into it. BOMBA'SIN, S. [Fr. pronounced as if wrote hor.hjzeen, (t'.m hmhinnus, Lat. ftlk- enj a llighc filken manutadture, ufed for mourning. BOMBA'ST, S. high, pompous and fwel- linc expreffinns, without any meaning. BQiVIBA'ST, Adj. [from tlie noun] pom- pout, fnnnroii-, but conveyinc mejn ideas. BOMB-CHEST, S. [from h'.mb and cbefl] a cheft fillaJ wi h gunpowder and bombs, and y)l<red under ground in order to blow it up, .together with thofe that are uorn ir. BO'MB I-;ETCH,orEOMB VESSEL.S. a fmail veflel, ftrongly Luilt, being ftrength cned wi h lirge beams, to bear the ftiock of a mor;ar at fea, when bombs are to be thrown Irom it into a town. BONA ROBA, S. flal. a fine gown] a woman of the town, a proftitute. BONA'SUS, fl.at.] in Natural Hiftory, a fciild of bufJMo, or wild bull. BON-CHRE'TIEN, S. [Fr. good chri- ftian] a pear, i^ called perhaps from the name of tome gardener. BOND, S. \honA, londa, Sax. band\, Goth. hand, Per. and 111. from bindan. Sax. and ■Goth, bancerdan, Per. to bind] any thing which confines a perfon's arms fo, that he has not the tree ufe of them ; con^.s, or chains 5 that v;hicK holds the parts of a tiling together; union, j )in:ng, or connexion. Figurativelv, captivity, imprifonment, lofs of liberty ; obli- gation. A tye, applied to alliance. In Law, a deed by v;hich a perfon obliges hirr.felf 10 perform certain adls, under a penahy fpecified therein. BOND, Adj. [from gab.ndcn, Sax.] not free ; in a flate of flavery. BO'NDAGE, S. [from bond] (lavery ; a ftate wherein a pen'on is deprived of liberty, BO'ND-MAID, S. [/rom bond, bound, or enflaved, ^nd maid] a woman or female Have. BO'ND MAN, S. [from bond and man'] a man ifl ive. EO'ND-SERVANT, S. a perfon who is under bond to ierv^ his mafter, and is not at liberty to qui"; him. BO'ND SERVICE, S. the condition of a Have; fl-veiy. BO'ND SLAVE, S. a perfon in inextrica- ble flavcrv BO'ND'S-MAN, S. [from ^W and man] £ flave ; a perfon who has gived his bond as fecurity for another. BO'ND'S.WOMAN, S. a woman flave; or one who his given her bond for fecurity. BONE, S. {ban. Sax. btin, Teut. and in. betn, Belg] in Anatomy, a white, hard, kriule infeijfible fublta-.ce, f.ipporting zni BON firenfthenlng'the body like beams ai>d pillar| in a building; defending fome ot the m ire ef- ftntial parts, as the brain ; giving fijape to the human fabric, and afiiftinp it in its motion. The bones confiii of lamellie running lengthy wi'e, and a.thed over at their ends. The wlf- dom and benevojence of Providence is very confpicuous in their formation. The number of bones in a human fabric are reckoned to be 245, exclufive of the ofTa fefTatrjoidesi which ?m'' jnt to 4S more. To make no bares, is to m.ike no fcrupk-, alluding to the readinefs vvitli which 3 dog devours a bo ic. fogireaperfona bcriflc p::k, a low phrafe, .*or laying an obftaclc in a pcrfon's way j or fuggefting fomething which may perplex him. .^^ .ici^ of conten- tion, a caufc: of flrife. Fisna, in the plural, ate ufed figuratively for dice. To BONE, V, A. to take the bones out of the fir. fh. BO'NE LACE, S, a cheap fort of flixea lace, wove by hobb:ns made of bones, BO'NELESS, Adj. [from bout and /c/i] that which has no bone:. Applied to tbp I'^ums, without teeth. " His io.w/f/i gums." Shakefp. To EO'NESET, V. N. [frofn b-Mzn&fct] in Surgery, to I'ct a broken bone in fuch a po- .'iiion that ihe two ends may meet and grovv together; to reduce a diflocated bone into itg prooer place. '' One pretending to ^jn^/i/.'j>;ff-.'* }Vijiman. B0N£SE'TTI:R, S. [from ^3r,f/-rtand tr\ one who applies himfclf peculiarly to fet. bro- ken or dillocjied bones. BO'NGR.'iiCE, S. [/"i^irrfgr^rc, Fr. a goo| grace or an airj a forehead-cloth, generally worn hv infants. BO'NNET, S. \hor::i, Fr ] a covering for the head ; a cap ; or outward covering m ide of filk, worn infle.id of a hat by the ladies. In Fortification, a fmall work, or little rave- lin, without a ditch, having a parapet of earth from three to \z feet high, and from 30 to 36 feet thick. Bonne! a prctre, or a prieiVs cap, an out-work with three faliant angles, and two inwards. Among Sailors, fmall fails fetor* the courfcs, or faftened to the bottom of the m-zzen, m^finfail, or fo'efail of a fhip, when they aie too narrow to cloath the malt, or ia order to make more way in light winds, or calm weather. BO'NNILY, Adv. [from ianny and /y] In a gay manner ; handlomcly. BO'NNINESS, S, [from honny inA neft] the quality of appearing gay ; handfome, or plump. BO'NNY, Adj. [from ban mafculine, lonne feminine, Fr. good] gay, chearful, handfome, young. BO'NUM MAGNUM, S. [Lat. a great good] in Gardening, a fpecies of pear. B'ONY, Adj. [from bone] having the pro- perties, or cynfift'og of bone j abounding in bgne. BOO'BY, BOO BOO^BY, S. A dull, heavy, ftiipid, or con- temptible fellow, BOOK, S. [from l>cc, Sax. Iccb, Tetit. hofh. Belg. hock, Dan. of Lc?, Run. a beech, books conHfting anciently of thin-.-pieces et' •wood, or the bark of the beech-tree, which was preferred by the northern nations, on ac- count of its abounding more than any o'her tree in their parts, and fplitting eafisr into thin pieces. fVcrmius's Dan. Antiq.J a com- pofition of fome perfon, defignei to comniu- jjicate fomcthing he has dlfcove; ed or coUeiSed to the public, and of a length fufficient to inake a volume ; a collection of papers fewed or bound, intended to be wrote on 5 the divi- fion of an author^s fubjeft. " The firft tock ve divide in'* fefVions." Furmt. Ufed with the particle in, and the perfonal pronouns his or my, to be much eOeemed or valued by a perfon. " I was fo much in b-s books, that, <Eft." j^ddij. jyithoul icsk, applied to the public delivery of a preither, by the mere flrength of memory. To BOOK., V. A. [from the noun] to en- ter or Write any thing in a book. BO'OK BINDER, S one who fews ihe (hcets together, and fixes them to a cover of boards, or leather, &c. See BINDER. BO'OKFUL, Adj. one who is full of opi- sions gleaned from books, without having ritber digefted what he h^s read, or being able to produce any thing of his own. " The Icoi fil blockhead, ignorantly read." Pcpi. BOO ufed to fpread out the clue'of the ftudding-faJI, main fail, or fore-fail j a pole, with budies, or ba/kets, fet as a mark to fhew the failors how :o fteer in a channel, when the country is overflown; a baj. of timber laid a-crofs a har. buur, to fecure its entrance. BOON, S. [Uom here, Six. boon, ot hKn, in. a requeft or prayer] a gift, or prefent, ob- tairted bv having requefted or fueJ for it. BOON, Adj. [ban, Fr. good] merry; gay j " Heightened as with wine, jocund and hion." Par. L'-fl. Generally ufed with the word compar.xcn, BOOR, .S. \bttr, Bele. gelure. Sax. baiotr^ Teut.] a rude unpoliflied countryman ; a clown. BOO'RISH, Adj. [bazvnfcb, Teut. hterftb, Belg.] without any breeding or politenefs j rude ; downifh. BOO'RISHLY, Adv. [from *wr>/^ and ly] in an unpoHte, rude, and clownifti manner. BOO^RISHNESS, Adv. [ftom ioorijh and r.ffs] clowniftinefs J rudenefs of behaviour. To BOOT, V. A. [hearen, Belg. to profit] to be of fervice or advantage ; to profit; to enrich, ferve, or accumulate. " I will boot ihee \Kith what gift befidc — chat modefly caa beg." Slaiefp, BOOT, r>. \ioia, belt. Sax. a compenfa- lion] gain, profit, or advantage. To boot, is adverbial expreflion, [implying, befides, over and above. BOOT, S. [bcttas, Arm. botas, Brit, a B0'©K1SH, Adj. [from book and tjh] very ; fhoe, tctte, Fr.] a leather covering worn over fond of books, ftudy, or reading; pedantic. Generally ufed jn a bad fenfe, and as a term of contempt. EO'OKISHNESS, S. [from beokifi and nfj] a great fondnefs for books ; too intenfe an application to Audy. Ufed fometimes as a leproach, or term ef contempt. BOG'K-KEEPER, S. a cleik employed in acomptinghoufe to regiftfr the tranfafli- oas daily carried on, and able to methodife them fo, that his patron may at any time know the true ftate of his afi-airs. BOOK-KEEPING, S. the an of keeping afcoonis, or regiftcring a perfon's tranfafti- ons. BOO'KLEARNEDj Adj. [from iwi and itarn] converfant in books, but not in men ; one that reads much, but is a perfon of no parts or invention. Ufed as a term of re- proach, BOO'K-l-EARNlNG, S. improvement or learning to be acquired from books, oppofed to that which may be obtained by the exercife of a man's own faculties. BOO'K-WORM, S. in Natural Hiftory, a mite or worm wliich preys upon books. Fi- guratively, a perfon immoderately fond of reading ; one who applies hiir.fclf too intenfe- ly to ftudy. BOOM, S. [beam, Sax. becm, Belg. baum, Tcut. a tiee] among Maiiners, a long pole the legs and feet, and u!ed by thofe who ride on horfeback ; a leather receptacle under a coach-bux, ufed for carrying boxes or other parcels. To BOOT, V. A. [from the noun] to put on boots. BO'OTED, Part, with boots on the leg?} in boots. BOOTCATCHER, S. the perfon whq pulls off boots at an inn. BO'OTES,S.[Lat.]in Aftronomy.thenanne of 3 northern conftellatipn of fixed ftars, confining of 55 according to Flamftead ; one of which called Arfturus, is of the firll magnitude. BOOTH, S. [butb, Brit. hJo, Sax. heed Dan. bud, Perf. buda, Luf. and Pol.] a houfe built of boards, or boughs, to be ufed for ^ fliort time. BOO'T-HOSE, S. a flocking worn inftead of boots ; fpatter-dalhes; or Welch-boots. BOO'TLESS, Adj. [from boct, profit, and !ffs, of lea^e, Sax. laui, Goth, and kife, Cimb. implying want, abfence, or negation] that which will not produce any advantage or pro- fit; unavailing; unfuccefsful, " I have fent him boot'efs home." Sbakijp, BOOT-TREE, S. an inftrument confift- tng of two parts, when joined in the (hape of a leg, with a groove cut in the middle, to re- ceive a quoin, 01 wedge, which is drove in bjr malz^ IWt B O R Riain force, in order to ftrctch of widen a boot. BOOTY, S, [huet, halt, Belg, kute, Teut. tyttt, Dan. tutir, Fr. butim, Ital.J that which is gained from an enemy in war; plunder; pillage j fpolls ; things acquired by robbery. *ro flay booty, is to play or adt unfairly. BO'PEEP, S. the aft of thrufting the head in fight of a perlon and drawing it back again immediately ; fometimes ufed as a token of fear, and at others a fjgn of pleafantry or gaiety. BO'RAX, S. [Lat.] a fait prepared from the evaporation of water which runs from the copper mines in Bengal, or other parts of the Eaft-Indies ; likewife an artificial fait mac'e of lal ammoniac, nitre, calcined tartar, fea-falt, and allum, dilTolved in wine. BOR'DEL, .S. [hordecl.Ttxil. horde!. Arm.] a houfe of bad fame; or where women of the town are entertained. BO'RDER, S. [bord, Sax. and Teut. hr- duTt, bord, Fr.] the extremities, or edge of anything; the extremities, or confines of a country ; the outer and extreme parts of a gar- ment, or head-drefs; a narrow flip of flowers at the extremity of a fiower-bed, ^c. in a garden. In Heraldry, an addition on the limb of a fliield, in form of a hem, or girdle, en- compaHing it all round, and ferving as a diffe- rence. In Printing, an ornament of flowers, fcrolls, &c. fet round the edges of fmall com- pofitions. To BOfRDER, V. N. to live near to the extremities or confines of a country ; to be fituated near. Figuratively, to approach. " All wit which borders upon prophanenefs." TUlot. Ufed actively, to few a narrow orna- ment at the extremities of a thing ; to lie upon or near. " Thofe parts, which border the fea." Raleigh, BO'RDERER, S. [from border and er] one who JwelLs near a place, or in the .confines and extremities of a country. To BORE, V. A. [bor^n, Sax. boren, Teut. boorance, Belg.] to wear into a hole ; to make a hole by any (harp-Dointed inftru- ment ; to pufti forward with violence; to make one's way, alluding to the ftrcngui re- quired to make a hole with. BORE, S. the hole mi de by borinj: ; the inftrument ufed In boiing a hole ; tht ;■ nen- fions of a hole or cavity, applied j-.d^liarly to the mouth of a cannon, or other i;iece of artillery. BORE, the preter of hear. BO'REAL, S. [from boreat] towards the north. BO'REAS, S, the north wind. BO'RER, S. [from bore and er] an infiru- ment made ufe of to bore holes with ; the per- fon who bores. To be BORN, V. N, pafT. [from bear'j to come into the world ; ufed with the particles *"/ /'"'t "id <>/• " He was borti to empire.' BOS " tie was horn for greatnefs." " Bern of xh.t Virgin Mary." Creed, BO'ROUGH, S. [of horhae, hurig, burb, burg, Sax. borgo, Ital.] a town or corporation, hich is no city; a town or village whicK fends members to parliament. The whole number of boroughs amounts to 149. Evyal ' oronghs, are corporations in Scotland, made •for the ad vantage of trade, having commifTioh- ers to rcprefent them in parliament. Heai- borough, the prefident or chairman of a h^ttn- dred, chofen to fpeak, or tranfadt affairs in their name. In Parifhes a kind of head-ton- ftable, having others for his afiiftants. To BORROW, V-. A. [borigan, Sax. hor- gehen, Belg. borgen, Teut. barger, Dan. J the taking money or other things of another, oa condition of returning it again. Figurative- ly, to take fomething which belongs to ano- ther ; to affume a property which belongs to fomething elfe. BO'RROWER, S. [from borrno and erj he that takes money, k^c. of another, on con- dition of returning it again ; he that ufes what is another's as if it were his own. Figura- tively, he that adopts the fentiments of an- other, without acknowledging that they are fo, applied to writings. BO'SCAGE, S. [Fr.] a place fet with trees ; a grove or thicket ; woods or wood- land. In Painting, a pifture or landfcape, reprefenting woods. BO'SKY, S. [bofqus, Fr.] abounding with wood ; woody. BO'SOM, S. [bofomt, bofm, Sax. boefm, hofem, Belg. buftm, Teut.] the breaft ; that part of the body containing the heart. Figu- ratively, the embrace of the arms holding any thing to the breail ; the middle or innermoll: part of any inclofure. '^The bofom o( the wood." In compofition, it implies favourite; any thing near or dear to a perfon, or that of which he is peculiarly fond ; thus bofitm- intcrefl, bofom- friends, bofom fecret. To CO'.-diVI, V, A. [from the noun] to inclofe in the bofom. Figuratively, to keep fecret ; to farround. BO'.SON, S. [a corruption of boacfwa'titp which fee] " The merry bojbn." Dryd. BO'SPHORUS, S. [from (Saif, Gr. an ox, and Tr.ip©', a paffagej in Geography, a narrow ftraght or arm of the fea, which it micht be fuppofed an ox could fwimover; at preient confined to that of Thrace, called the ilreights of Conftantinople ; and the Cimme- rian or Scythian B.^fphorus, cailcdthe ftreighta of Kapha, or Kiderleri. BOS'QUET.S, S. [from ^(^cto/o, Ital. a di- minutive of bofco, a wood or grove] in Gar- dening, fmall groves, or compartments, formed of trees, fhrubs, or tjll-growmg plants, planted in quarters, either difpofed in regular rowj, or in a wild and accidental manner. BOSS, S. [b.ijp, fr,] a ftud or ornament raifed above the reil of (be work j a ihining ^rs- B O T. prf'tninence ; the prominent part.ot that which ftick^out ot the middle of a ihing, or ihield ; a thick body. BO'SSAGE, S. [from hfs'] in Architec- turt;, a piojecling ftcne 1 lid rough in d builJ ir.g, to be auerwards caived into nioulJii);;!-, arms, &c. BO'SVEL, S. [in Botany] a fpccies of trosvtoot. ■' EO'SWORTH, S. rinCeognphy] aplea- fant town in Ltficcllerliiirf-, near which w^s foaght the liecifivp bnt^h between Heniy VI.'. and Richard 111. in whicli the Utttr was con- quered and llaln. Ir liar, a werkly ni?rkct on Wednefday, and is di^ant tiom London 90 computed, and 104 in ?f\iieJ milcs. BOTA'NIC, or BOTANICAL. Adj. fpo- TfflViXoc, Gr.j that wliich relates to herbs ; /killed in herb?. PO'TANIST, S. I (1 om iotany] one Vihi, h fkilled in ths nature ot' plaif, and tlieir cul- ture ; one who apt^lcs himlelf peculiarly to the linriy of vepe'ahh-s. BOTANOLOGY, S. [Soravc^yyix, Gr.J a dircv'"'fe on pLnts, BO'T-ANV, S. [-rom gc-av^ Gr. «n hcrW] the fcienrc of herbs and plants. This And-, was very lit'.le cultivated till Bauhine arofe in the i5th ceatniy, and both reduced it to nieihod, and incicalcd the number 01 irs objeftp. BOTCH, S. [/'o/.. Fr. />oz-z.a. Itil. t>oe-fc, Belg.] a fvvellin^, which atteiwarJs er.ciuils, difcolours the fkin, and caules a difagreeable idea. Figuratively, the pait. of any woik clnnifily or ill finil'hec', fo as to diigrare the it(\ ; fornething artdcd^ or '"ir.ed to a tliii;^ in a clumi'v m?nntr. To BOTCH, V. A. ' Lcukn, Dan. hciraun. Eelg.] to mend or pa'cli old clozths in a clumly manner. Figuratively, to me.ld any thin^ in an aiikward manner 5 to join things logethrr which do not luit, or agiee with one anoiher. To mark with pufiules, i'cabs, or blotches. BO'TCHER, S. [from botch and «•-] one v,ho mends, or icwi piichs on cl.l doalhs, in a clumfy manner ; and is tlie laitie in refiieil to a taylor. as a cobler to a fhoemakcr. Figu- talivt-.ly, a perfon who (-crionr.s any thing in a clumfy and bungling manner. LO'fCHV. Adj. marked wi^h blotches, •r running ibreB. "Were not that a io/fi^' iore." Shakefp. BOTH, Adj. [hoeJe, IQ. butu, hatzva. Sax. bathur, Cimb.J when applied to two perfons or things as concerned together, it unit-s them into one colle<£live idea, which implies the two. When followe.l by ar.d, it implies ei- ther, or one as well as the other. " Both mcrninp OHi/ afternoon." Sijrcw BO'TRYOID, Aaj. [SiT^v'cihit, Gr.] in fliape like a bunch of grapes. BOTS, .S. [has no finj.u!ar, from bitar, Sax.] a fpecies of I'moU worms Breeding in the entrails of horl'cs. B O U BO'TTLE, S. [bouuUfi, Fr.]. a venre! with a narrow mouth to contain liquor. When made of leather, called a leatheril boftle ; when of gl-ftf, a glils bottle. Figu- ratively, a quart, hoitles generally holding that 4uaniity ; a buiicle of grafs or hay, de- rived frotn the French huteau, a bundle. When compounded with other words, it f)g- nifies drinking, as a oo.'//,f'companion. To ECTTLE, V. A. [from the noun] to put liquor into bottles. Ufed wiili the parti- cle cff, to draw out of another vefTel into a bottle. EO-'TTLE NOSIID, Adj. one who has a large nofe, very big towards ihe end. nO'TTLE .SCREW, S. a fpiral wirc,made ule ol to pell a cork out of a boitle. EO'TTOM, S. \lotm. Sax. Lo,km, Bele.] (be lovvelf part of a thing. Applied '.o a river, the bed of earth, or j,r<.v(.l over which the wa- ter glides ; a valley, d.ile, or low^r ground. Figu'a'ively, foundation ; henre, t) the h'jtiort, fomefimes implies iho.oughly. " His propo- i'\\, flioiild be examined to the hotlomV Lcde. "^i lie at tie bcttom, to be coiicerncd in, to hdve a part or Ihire, " He was at the burom of m.-.ny excellent counfel'." AJd'ij. A (hip, cr vedel J hence, to embaik on the f 'me tuttom, is 10 venture in one bottom, to lUn a rifque together in the fame thing. The bottom ot a lanf, is the lovvefV pait. The bottom of beer, the dregs. Ap[>lied to thrr-aJ, a Imall ball, from lo.cau, Fr. a ht-nii or little biuiolt^. T« DO'TTOM, V, A. [from th'- n.un] to buil-f upon as a foundation, principle, ur fupport; to wind thread into a ball, l.t^ed ncu'erly, to be built on ; to be fupported by. nO''rTO.VIED, A'ij having a bottom ; uUir'.ly conipoundel with (orne other word ; as, '' There being pieparcJ a number (t( Jlat bot- tomed boats.'^ Baion. BC'iTOMLESS, Adj. [from ^or/9w and /'/jj without a bottom \ a prodigious deepj that vVhicli cannot be fathomed. Figurjtivo- ly, bomr.lkfs, infatiable. " Then be my paf- fions br'to-jdefs." ^lakif{>. BOTTOMRY, S. in trade, the borrow- ing moi.ey upon the k'e' or bo.tom of a flap^ whereby, if the money bi not repaid, at the day appointed, the fhip becomes the property of the crcdi or ; likewife the lending muney, to be p.^id at the rvturn of the fhip ; in conft- deration of which, tho'.'gh the inteieft demand- ed be 2C, 30, 40 per cent, and upwards, it ij not efteemed ufury ; becaufe if the (hip pe- rifh"f, the creditor lofes his money. BOUGHT, pieter of buy, and pronounced baut. BOUGHT, S. [from bugan, S = x. to twiftj a twirt knot ; a link ; a bf n'ling. " The boughs of I he (drc legs." Mrotoi'i J'ul^. E'r. BOUILLE'E, or BOUILLON, S. [Fr.] in Co.ikery, any thing made tf boiled meat } broth, or fouD. To BOUNCE, V. N. [formed from its foundj B O U found] to ftrikeagsinft a thing with fuch force as to rebound back, making a noifc: at the fame time. To fpring with force, applied to tlie fpurting of beer out of a bottle. I;i familiar languaije, to make a noife, bull)', or hedtor ; to be ftrong made and aftive. " The bjunang amazon." Shak. BOUNCE, S. [from the verb] a fmart, violent, and fiidden ftroke ; a fudden crack, or noife, applied to the explofion of a yiin, or the burrting of a bladder, &c. in low language, a threat, or bodft. COU^NCER, S. [from bounce zni tr] one who is noify in his own praiie, or in his threats agiinft another ; a bully ; a boafter. BOUND, S. (from bind; home, Fr.J n rcftraint ; a leap, jii;Tip, or fpring ; the flying bick of a thing which is itruck againft ano- ther wirh great force. To EOUNO, V. N. [bondlr, Fr.] to jump, fpring, or move on forwaids by leaps; to fly back again when ft.uck againft a thing with violence. Ufcd adtively, to inake a thing leap, or mount by fits from the e«rih, m its motion. BOUND, Part, of bmd. BOUND, Acij. [abuTidi-n. S,}x. of bnuLin, SdX. obliged] defined ; intending ; or on one's way to a certain place. Ufcd with yir, and peculiar to feamen, BOU'NDARY, S. the extremities or ut moft limits of a thing, or countty. BOU'NDEN, Part, paffive of bind. BOU'NDING-STONE, S. a ftone played with, and made to bound from the earth, when liiing from the hand. BOU'NDLESS, Adj. [from bounding left] that which is reitrained by no limits, confin ed by no power, or fatisfied by no enjovrnent. BOU'NDLESNESS, S. [froni boundkfi and rc/sj the quality ot being without any rc- ftraint ; inlatiablenefs ; infiniy. ROU'NTEOUS, Adj. [from bourny] libe- ra), or confeiring bencfiis largely, and from a gnodnefs and kindnefs of nature. BOU'NTEOUSLY, Adv. [from bountcom and /y] iit a fiberal manner ; conferring benefits generoufly, and from a principle of good nature. BOU'NTEOUSNESS, S, [Uom bcumeoui and iiefi] the quality of conferring benefiis or favouis from a principle of kindnefi:, includ- ing the idea of fuperiori'y. ""BOU'NTIFUL, Adj. [from bounty and fiiH \ conferring favours without reftriinr, and from an internal principle of kipidnefs. Ap- plied to things very much abounding in valu- able prodnifts. BOU'NTIFULLY, Adv. [from bountiful and /y] in fuch a manner as to confer favours or benefits with generofity, and from an in ward principle of kindnefs. Applied to tl,in^;', plentifully producing what isof fctvice and ule, COU'NTIFULNESS, S. [trwi bonntifj and nffs] agreat propenfity to beftowing favours Cr conferrine benefits; generofiy, munificence. ^OU'NTY, S. tYiom bsnh, F*.J the con- B O W fcrring benefits on others, diftlnguidieJ fi*'^' charity, bicaufe exercifed towards objefts that are not highly neceflitous ; and including the idea ot a eift beSowcd by a fuperior. To BOU'RGEON, V, N. [pronounced hoor'pn, fiom bourjeonner, Fr.J to fprout ; to (hoot into branches ; to produce buds. ROURN, S. [from borm, Fr.J the exfre- iniiies, bounds, or limits of a country, or piece; of land. BOURN, S, [from bourn, Sax. bam ,Be\%.'] a brook or torrent ; when added to the nsTie oi' places, it implies, that they are Ctuatei near or uaon brooks. To BOU'SE, V. N. \buylJin, Belg. houxa, Cjpt. an intuxicating drink] to drink immo- derately ; to tope. BOU'SV, Adj. [from boufe'] intoxicated vvitii diink. BOUT, .S. [the or; pronounced like the oiu in coTu, Botta, Ital.J a turn ; implying aj much of an adlion as is performed without in- termiiTion ; at once ; a part of any adfioti which is carried on by fuccelfive intervals j once. " %'jii bout,'''' this o.ice. To BOVV, V. A. [hugan. Sax bocken, '•uckoiv. Sax.] to bend the body in token of refped ; to liften to, joined with the ear an.l the paitide doiun, " Bozv down thine ear to the poor." EcckJ. iv. 8. To prefs, or crulh. Aifliveiy, to bend, or be bent j to make a bow ; to ftoop, or incline the body toward* the earth. " Bowed doiun upon their knees." "Jiidg. vii. 6. To be ov-rpowered, or to ilo p» under the preHure of affliction. " They lloop, they bo'xu doivn tog-ther." BOW, S. [from the verb, the otv pro- nounced like that in coiv, or no'ry] a ftooping of the hud and inclination of the body, by way ol ceremony or compliment. BOW, S. [pronounced bo, as if the iv was dropped. Entt'i, Brit, hoga, Sax. bogi, Belg, l^o^en, Teut. hue, Dan.] a warlike w^'apon or inftrument m.ide of tnu^h wood, the extremi- ties of which are t'^a by a firing, which be- ing drawn towards thebody of a pc'rfon, bends the wood, and by itselafticity, forces an arrow placed on the ftring, with ev- at violence, to, a great dirtance ; a bending piece of wood fur- niflied with hair, and ufed in playing on ftring- ed inftruments ; the loop of a ftring tied in a knot ; a yoke, or bending piece of wood. " The ox hath his bcu.'^ Shak. Applied to a ftiip, th.)t part which begins at the loof and compalTingends of the ftjm, and ends at the ftf-rnmnft parts of the forecaflle. If a flijp hath a broad bow, it is called a hold noiv ; if a thin and narrow one, a lean i:iv. In Build- ing, bow is a beam of wood or brafs, with thric long fcrews, which dircdls a lath of wood or fleel to any arch ; ufcd commonly in draw- ing draughts of fhips, projedtions of the fphere, or long arches. EO'VV-DEi.V T, Adj. bent like a bow, or in the form of a bow j cr»»oksi j flowing. " A B 6 W fjbjlolc!, hw-herr vj'nh crooked edge." Mi't. To BOW'tL, V. A. ro pierce the howels ; to penetrate deep, or to the bottom of a thine. CO'WELS, .S. [it has no fingnlar, from ioyeux, Fr.J the inteftine vefTelf, or organs' ■uithin the t"0(<y ; the gut'. Figuratively, thr inner part of anv ihing . " The ho'tveh of the mountain." AJd'iJ. TcnJerneis, pi'y, oi companion. BO'WER, S. rfrom hcugh, or the ver'j bcii', implying to bendj an arbour, or place formen of the branches of green trees, hent or arched at the top ; the anchor of a {/lip, io calleii from its brins in tiie bciv o\ a fhip. See BOW. To BO'WER, V. A. to make a bower, to include in a bower. Figuratively, to inclofe. "Thou didft ^cTwr the fpirit — In mortal F.i- radife of fuch fweet fierti." Shakifp. BO'VVERy, AJj. full of bowers ; fhady and indofed like .1 bower. BOWL, S. [pronounced as if wiit h-Jc, from b::clin, Brir. implying any thing made of horn, as drinking cups fcrmetly were, or r.^- ther from ho!a, Sax. a tup or glafsj .1 drinking veflel, rather wide than dfep, dittinguilhed from a tea-cup by its greater dimenfions, and from a drinking-cup, becaufe that is rather deep than wide ; the hollow, roundjfn part of any thing which can holt) liquor. "The tiiul of a fpoon." Swift. A bafin, or foun- tain, or ciftern. " So to convey water, rhai it may never ftay either in the bcwl, or the ciftern." Bacon. BOWL, S. [H Belg. hcule, Fr. i:h, Span ] around or fpherical piece of wood, which may be rolled along the ground. To BOWL, V. A. to roll a bowl along the ground ; to roll a bowl at .iny mark. In Skittles, to knock down with a bowl. '' He boiuitd five." BOWLDER-STONES, S. lumps or frag- ments of ftone or marble, broke trom dilts, rounded by the aiftion of water. BOW'-LEGGED, Adj. having crooked legs, or fuch as refemble a bow, when bent. BOWLER, 5. [from U'lol and er] he that rolls a bowl; one that plays with, or at bowl?. BO'WLING-GREEN, S. [from bcioUrg^ and green] a piece of ground overgrov.n with grafs, of a true level or horizontal furface, kept clofe cut, and frequently rolled for play- ing at bowls. EOW'MAN.S.one who fhoots with a bow. BOW'-SHOT, S. the diftance to which an arrow can fly when (hot from a bow, BOW'SPRIT, or BOLTSPRIT, S. [from bolt, a bar, and fpr-.et, Belg. a fail, yard or r<'le, or from bov.', a part of a fhip, in<i f^riet, Belg. a pole] a kind of mart at the prow of a veffel, refting flopeways on the he.id of the train ftern, faftened by the foreftay and to the partners of the foremaft, ferving to carry tke fpiit, and fprit top-fail and jackftaff. Its BRA fength /houlH he two-thirds of the tiiainmafij and its thickrels equal to the mizen. BOW'- STRING, S. the firing by which a bow is bent. BO W' YER , S . one who flioots with a bow 5 an archer ; a perfon v.'ho makes bows. BOX, S. [box, b xireow, Sax. bsuchjhaumj Teut. box, Span. J its leaves are pinnated and ever green ; it has male, and fern le floweto on the fame plant, the former having a three- leaved, and the female a four- leaved, conc^va sTipalement. Linn;«us ranges it in the fourth 'edionof his 21ft clafs, from its having male ind female {li>wers on the fame plant, and the male fiowers having four flamina. There are three fpecies. Its wood is yellowi/hj hard, fo- lid, even, very heavy, and takes a good polifli. BOX, S. (buchi, Teut. box, Sax.] a cafe made of wood, or other fuhflance, to hold any thing; diftinguifhed from a cheft, as the ielJ •.s from the greater; the cafe of a mariner's or fea-rompafs ; the inner cafe of a watch; a cheft in which money is put : hence a CI.,riJ}ma,-bciv, which fignifies both the chert into which the money is put, and the money then collefted. The firft liory of feats in a ).lay-hou(e, formed into fmall fquare rooftis, and built either on the ftagc, or round the ex- tremities of the pit. BOX, S. [iock, Brit, a check, porhei, Teut. to flrike] a blow on the face with the hand. To BOX, V. [from the noup] to fight with the fifts ; to ftrike on the head or face with the hand. BO'XEN. Adj. [of ^«* and e», from the Sax. implying the materials out of which any thing is made] made of box. Applied to colour, of a box colour. EO'XER., S. [from b«x and f] one who ij ficilled in fighting tvith the fift ; one who figh's with his fift. BOY, S. [theetymo'ogy uncertain] a name .mplied to perfonsof the m <Ie fex til! they are fifteen years old. Ufcd figuratively for a per- fon who wants the fedatenefs and difcretion of manhood, jnd is then a term of reproach. BOY'HOOD, S. [from ^-fy and hcci, of tad or hade, Sax. implying llate, condition, or quality] the ftate wherein j perfon is ftiled a boy, extending from infancy to youth, or till a perfon is fifteen years old. BO'YISH, S. [from boy and ijh, of ifc, Sjx. or ,7^, Goth.] like a boy with refpedt to unexperienre, wont of fedatenefs, cr difcre- tion ; chihiifh, trifling, puerile. BO-TISHLY, Adv. [from bofrfi and ly'j In a childifti, wanton, trifling manner. BO'YISHNESS, S. [from, %f/> and tiefs] that quality which is predominant in boys ; want of thought, fedatenefs, or difcretion j childiihnefs ; trifling. Bp. an al'brevia'ure for hifhop. BRA'BBLE, S. [brabbelen, Belg.] a xjuarrelj a clamorous noify conteft. " In prl- I vatc BRA Vate hrahble did we apprehend him." Shahef. To BRA'BPLE, V, N. [from the nounj to conteft a thi/ig with grcac clamour 5 to quarrel, to cla vioiir. BRA'BBLER, S. [from brchbU and fr,] a clamorous, quarrellome, turbulent, or noil'y fellow. To BRACE, V, A.[err.braljir, ¥r.'] to tie, or wind bandages tight round .1 tiling. " Tiie women of China, by bracing and binniiii; them clofe in their inniiKy, have very Utile feel." Locke, To ftrain 01 ftretih. To brace the yard, in Sea Language, is to bring the yard to either fide, fo as to make it Itaud fquare or even acrofs the fliip. BRACE, S. [from the verb] a bandage; that which keeps the parts of a thing clofe together ; that which is ufed to keep a thing ftret'^hed In Printing, a crooked line, de- noting that the members of a fenterice ought to be joined together, but not taken feparateiy. marked thus S and ufed by poetical writers at the end of a triplet, or three lin-is which rhime to eacii other. In Architecture, a piece of timber formed with bevil joints, and ufed to keep a building fteady. In Sea Affairs, ropes taftened to the yard-arms of a fliip, and ufed to fquare the yards, and bring them to any pofition. Applied to a coach, the thick thongs of leather on which the body hangs. BRACE, S. [never ufed with an s at the end tor the plural, and is a colleftive noun, which feems to have only the fingula-.J in Hunting, two, oi- a pair j perhaps io called from their beimg tied together. BRA-'CED, Adj. in Heraldry, the inter- minj.ling chevrons at the bafeof ai; efcutcheon. BRA'uELET, S, [a dimunitive of braie, or from IraceUt, Fr. oi bras, Fr. an armj an ornament worn round the wr.fl j a piece of de- fenfive armour for tiie arm. BRA'CER, S. [from brace and ?;■] (hat which braces, ur keeps a thing tight. In Sur- gery, abandrtwe. "They may beteftrained by a bracer.'^ ^Fijiman, BRA'CHIAL, Adj. [from brach'ufti, Lit. an arm] that which belongs to, or is fuuated in, the arm. BRA'CHMANS, S. [perhaps fi-om ^wi^, Heb. to flv, from thttir living in deferc^] In- dian Phili>!'ophers, who lived a very gr'od life in wooJ.s, flept on hides, abftained from the flslh of animals, holding it an impiety to Jouch them, and believed the doiftrine of the tranfv^igraticin of the foul. They fpent the greateft: part of the day and night in prayin^; and fingiiig anthems. They confidered life as a fla'e ot conception, and death as a birth to a happy l.fe, for thofe who had regulated their lives according to the dilates of true philo- fophv. BRA'CHYGRAPHy, S. [from /Jfa^^f, Cr. fliort, and j/j-'a^j;, Gr. to wiitr] the ait of fcori-i^and^ or writing a thing bj ch.^rafleis in BRA a Aorter time and compafs, than by the letter^ ;>f the common alphabet. BRA'CKET, S. [bracelet, Ita!.] pieces of wo )d, carved or plain, fixed againft a wall, to fupport fomething. J5RA/CKISH, Adj. [from brae, Belg.] that which is fomewhat fait ; of the tafle of fea-v/ater. BR A'CKISHNESS, S. [from braekijh. and nefs] the dlfagreeable faltnefs which is lound on tailing fea-water. BRAD, S. [from brad, Sax. and braej, Goth, broad] when added to the names of places, fignifies their broadne/s ; thus BraJ^ ^d fignifies a broad ford. BRAD, S. a kind of nails ufed in building, without 3 fhoulder over their ftank, or a fpreading head like other nails, pretty thick towards the upper end, that the top may be driven Into, and buried in the board they faften. Jv.v.en-brads are for hnd w.iinfcots. batten-brads for foft, and billet or juarter-brads^ are thofe which are ufed when a floor is laid in liafte ; or to iliallow joifis inclined to warp. To DRAG, V. N. [braggeren, Be!g. ta flrut, bran/eren, Teut. to be proud] to difpby an advan'age with great pomp and vanity j to boaft. BRAG, S, [from the verb] a pompous or pr'jiud difplay of any advantage a perfon pof- fcfTes. Figuratively, the thing itfelf which caufes piide or boaftingj gh^ry. '' Beauty is nature's brag, and mufc be fhevvn." Mikon, ERA'GGADOCHJO, S. a perfon who vainly fets forth his own good qualities, or dlt- plays them more than they deferve. BR A'GGART, S. [from brcigg^ret, Teut,] a perfon who boafts of his own abilities too much, " Every braggart fh,all be found ail ..fs." Skak. BR A'GGART, Adj. [S-e the noun] proud, conceited, vain. " HufTir.g, braggart, pufl'c iKibiiity.'" Vonne. BRA'GGEP.., S. [from /^.i^ and cr'\ one who difplays his pretrndcd abilities in all the pomp of vain and often'atious Lnauage. BR A'GLESS, Adj. [from brag and iefs, o( Ua^e, SiX. or la%vs, Goth, implving wjnt, abf>;nce or negaiion] wiihout a hoaft ; with- out being boafted of, " JJr-aghfs let it be." Shah To BRAID, V. A. [breyden, Belg. brader, Dan. bradan. Sax.] to v eave togetherj tp plait, DRAIl), S. [from the verb] a lock of haJr, or any thing tolletled by wcavin,; or plaiting j a Inull narrow kind ot lacj, ufed far orn<imcnt iiig womens (hoes, bed cnrtains, C'^f, BRAILS, S. finaU rop^s uffd it furling tha faili, acrofs. To h.i/e up thi bfiiUs, or brail up the f^ii, impl'cs tlial the fiil is to be haled up, in order to be fuil-d, or bju::d clofe to t^w yard. BRA'IN, S. [bragen, Sax. bryne, Btrl?,.] in Anatomy, the Utae, loft, whiiilh fu!;-rt*r>c« M 6Uiii| BRA BRA filling the infulc of the cranium or HcuU ; i their hands. Whenever they write, they put wherein all the organs of fenfc terminate, | a figure of a cow in the fiifl: place, to fhew and wherein the foul is f^iJ to refide. It is dl- jthcir belief in the unity of the Deity; they yided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, ntdulU I compute the world to be about 3,892,850 oblongata, or medulla fpinnlls. The brain is years old, have an obfcure tradition of the much larger in men than in any other animals, j Mofaic Paradife, and likewife feme notion »nd is generally biggelt in fuch other arim.ils jthat God has been incarnate, and lived fome as fhew the created degree of fagacity, fuch as time among men. mnnkies, &c. BR. AN, S. [from l»ann, Erit. hran, Fr. To BRAIN, V. A. [from the noun] to 1 irt-H/.-a, Ital.] th--- huflc of corn, feparated after dafh the brains out ; to kill by dafliing the grinding from the flour brains out. BRAI'NLESS, A.^j. [from *rj/« and /<•/!] without brains. Figuratively, filly, fooliih, thoughtlefs. BRA'IN-PAN, S. [from hra'm and pan, of pahnc, Sax. a dilh, or the Ikull] the fkull, fo called from its containitjg the brains. BRA'INSICK, Adj. [Ucm brain and Jick, of fee c, Six. or/ft^ Belg. diftempered] dif- ordered in the "brain. Figuratively, giddy, thoughtlefs, foolifh, rr.ad. BRAKE, S. [of uncertain etymology] a thicket of brambles or thorns. BRAKE, S. [braedli, Be'g. a m'-llct, or of bracan, Sax. to br-jak] a wooden mallet, ufed in beating or drt fling hemp; the handle of a rtiip's pump ; a baiter's kneading trough j a fharp bit or fnaffle for horfes. BRA'KY, Adj. abounding in brakes ; or thicket-: of thorns. BR.A'MBLE,S. \brajr.h'e,bremhel, bremble, ■Sax. bromber, Teut. bramher, or bramberhujk, Dan.1 in Botany, the r«/;(j, Lat. ornnff, ». Its flower has a permanent empalement of one Ic.^f, cut into five fpear-fliaped fegments, a great number of ftamina inferred in the em- palement, and many germens with fmall hair- like Ayles ; which afterwards become a berry, compofed cf as many acini collefled into a head, having each one bell, containing an 0'jlong leed. BRA'MINS, S. [from Btalma, the name of the prophet wh(;m they acknnvi ledge] the third fcdt among the Chinefe. Thofe ot Ben- gal live a very aufterelife, go bire-headetl and bare-fccted, and live only upon herbs. Thofe of Inricftan preterd their f.icred books vcre tiven by God to their prcphet Brahma. They believe the tranfrrigratitm of louh ; and f?y that, at the profiuftion cf the world, all things came cur of the bofom of C..d, and that the word will periih by all things return- ing to their fii!t original. Thofe of Siim be- lieve, ihst the firit men were larger than the prefenr, living mary ages without f:cknefs ; that cur earth fhall be dedroyed by fire, and that ?no'her fliall proceed frnm iis allies, which /hall have no fea, and be blelied W3th an eternal furing. The Brachmar.i of Coro- rnandel believe a plurality of woilds, and that they are fuccelTively deftroyed and renewed at ceitain periuds. They have all fuch a vene- ration for cowE, that they think tliemlelves happy if the^ can die with the tail vf une in BRANCH, S. [branche, Fr.] in Botany, the arm, or part of a tree which fprouts from the trunk. Figuratively, any detached part from a whole. A fefiion or fubdivifion, ap- plied to writings. Any part which is joined to another, like a branch to a tree, " The branches of the veins ;" " The branches of a candleflick," A part of a pedigree or family. In Hunting, the antlers or rtioots of a flag's horns. To BRANCH, V. A. to divide into fepa- rate divifions like branches. Figuratively, to adorn with needlework, reprefenting branches, " Brancb'd with gold." Faery ^_ Ufed neu- tcrly, to flioot into branches ; to feparate, or divide a fu'nje(^ into feveral parts, ufed with the particle out, " Branch out into farther diflinctions." Locke. To fpeak largely ; to expatiate. " I have known a woman branch cut into a !ong diflertation upon ihe edging of a petticoat." Sfeci. No. 24.7. To have horns fhooting out into antlers. '" The fwift ftag — • bore up his branching head." Par. J^oft. BRA'NCHLESS, Adj. [from ^ra/jc-fc and /f/sj without branches. Without honour, al- luding to the branches of a pedigree. " Better I were not yours-- -than y«ur's io branchlefsC^ Shak. BRA'NCHY, Adj. \ixK>m. brar.cb\ full of branches ; fpreading. BRAND, S. \ brand. Sax. and Belg.] a fiick lighted, or fit te be fet on fire at one end. Figuratively, a thunderbolt. " The Sire Omnipr.ten' prepares the iranif." Gr<itn>, A mark made on the flefh of a criminal by a iiurninp iron ; anciently a fword, from hrar.dur. Run. a (harp fword. " Wav'd by that fiaming brand" Par. Lojh To BRAND, V. A. [branitn, Belg.] to nsark with a brand, or turning iron. Figu- ratively, to reproach as infamous j toftigma- tize. To BRA'NDISH, V. A. \_brendir, Fr. brar.dire, Itah] to wave, ihake, or flourirti a weapon. Figuratively, to make a parade, or flourifh with. BRANDY, S. {hrande'vin, Fr. branden- Tvyn, Belg. of branden, to burn, and luyn, wine] in Diftillation, a proof fpirit, obtained from real wines, or fermented juices of grapes. BRA'NNY, Adj. ffrem bran] like bran ; having the appearance of bran. " Covered with while/Tfln«y ft'ales." Wijan, Seldom ufed. nVx A BRA'SIL, or BRAZIL, S. [pronounced Braz/e!} a heavy, dry, and very hard wood, 10 called Itecaufe it is (u[)Dofed to have come originally from Brazil in S. America. That o*" Frrnambuco is the beft. The tree grows com- monly in dry ana bjiren places, among rocks. becomes very thicic and tall ; the branches are long and large; ibe leaves fmall, of a fine blight green, refembliiig thofe of bo:c, but lonnewhat longer, BRASS, S. [hat, S3X. pr/s, Brit.] a fsc- titiou?, yellow metal made of copp-r, melted with Ijpis calaminaris. The cal.mine is firP. calcined and ground to powder, then mixed vith charcoal duft, and to 70 lb. of this mixture is added five of copper, which beinj; placed in a vnnd furnace il or 12 hours, the copper imbibes about one thitd of the weight of the calamine, and is converted into br.^fs. Brafs is ufied figuratively for impudence. BRAT, S.'[6rau, Sax. J a child, uf::J to txorefs contempt. Figuraiively, proriufis or eftefts. " The ewe late conl'piracies were th? Irats and oft'springs of the contrary faction." South. BR.AVA'DO, S [from bravada, Span.] 2 proud boaft; haughty defiance or challenge, BRAVE, Adj. notdaunted or terrified with dangers or difScuiiies ; ready 10 attempt any dangerous enterpriz- ; grand, or noble. ''' Fitft a Ira-^e placej and tnen as bra-ve a mind." Denh. Sometimes applied in an indetermi- rate marvner, to exprefs good or great in thf pnfitive degree. " 0!d wood inflamed doth yield the braiiefl fiie." Sidney. " Iron is a irJ^'e commodity^ where wood aboundeih." BRAVE, S. {irs^r, Ft. iraim, Ital.] a perfon who is daring bcycnd the rules of dif- cretion : or bold to excels. " Hot h-flves, like thee, may fight." D'jd. A bold defiance, or challenge. To BRAVE, V. A. to undcriake a thing n&twithllanding the dangers with which it is attended ; to defy conter.nptuoiifiy ; to provoke a perfon to refentmerit ; to bid defiance to, ap- plied, in this laft fnTe, to inanimate things with great beauty. " Like a rock iinmovM, .1 rock that braves — *he raging temp?(t." Dryd. To feem unafftfted with, or infcr.fible if. " At leaft to ^/-axe that which they believe not." Bacon. BRA'VELY, Adv. [from biavc and />] in fiich a manner as not to be terrified by dit- ficultief, or daunted by dangers; intrepidity; coiirageoufly. BRA' VERY, S. [from brave'] the. per- formance of any great and noble actions, not- ^vlthllaniHng the dangers vrhic.h attend th«m j a difpoficion of mind, which enables a perfon ti) accomplifh his defigns, notwithftanding any obftacles or di^nculties which oppof; it. Applif d to the appearance of things, finery, fplenoor. " All the bravery that eye may fee" Sfcnftr, -Falfe courage; boafting j or ^ R A bolJnefs. '* There are thofe that make it at poini Kjf hraiery, to bid defiance to the oracleS of divine revelation." UEflmnire. BRA'VO, S. [Ita!.] a rr,an"whd mi^rdcrS or adiaflinates another for hire. To BRAWL, V. W, \brt,llen, Belg. to bellow, or roar, braahr, Dan. brouUlcr, or hrauler, Fr.j to q'.iarrel about trifias in a noify manner ; to report in a loild manner ; to make A no fe, beautitully applied to iiunimatethingsi " Upon the brock that braiuls alonj thiS wO^id." Shak. HRAV\''L, S. [from the verH] a noify gva'rtl; fcurrilitv- BRA'WLER,'S, [from hrdwl and cr, of ivar, Sax. or loair, Gdth. a manj one who i» quarrclfume and noify at the fjfne lime ; a word of reproach. ERAWN, S. [from ba'', a bojf, and run, homivnnoi, hard, bc'CJufe it is the hardeft pail ol a boar's fiefli, according to EkinnerJ the I'.e.liy, or mufcular parts of the body, " The braivn of the arm muft appear full." Pcjchu.fi. The arm. " To hsvv thy targfct front thy braivn.''^ Sbak. Figu.-atively, vigour, or t>rength. " Braiuh without brain is thine." Dryd. The fieih of a boar fouled or pickled 5 d ho-ar, ERAVv'NY, Ac'j. [from hmiv^i] flrong, robofl, finewy, ilciny ; of greit mufcks and a,e-sith. ■ To BRAY, V, A. [fro.Ti bracan, Sar* iw,?/' or /'/•(Jt'ifr, Fr.] to bfac into pieces, o^ powdtr in a mortar hv mea.i's of i. pe.lle. To BR ^Y,. V. I^V \J?rc!irci or broirs, Fr. frr/Ma'e. k«l.j to make a nolle like an afsi Figurstivsly, to rnjkc a difagrre-sbif noife tikd that of braf'. " Ar.T.s on nrrri )ur clx^iingj^ brafd — hcrriblfe dilcord," Par. Lrfi. BRAY, S, [from the verb] thri noife of braifs j a terrible or dif.greeable fi)un.t. " The harfh relonnding trumpet's dreadful brayJ" Shdk. To BRAZE, V. A. [frnm brafi, the fof- Hering or j:;ining two pieces of mi?tjl together* Figuraifely.jto be enured or hardened iijinn- pudence. " I have fo often bluHied to ac- knowledge him, that now I am briX7)tdx.0K,^^ Skiahefp. BRA'ZEN, Adj. [from hrafi^ni :ti] mada of brafs. FijiUritiveiy, caufcJ by brazen in- ftrument^. " With bra-zn: d'.n bhft you the city's ears." SLak. Impuoenr. To BRA'ZEN, V. N. to deny with gtiat impiideficc ; to behave without concern ; Xd bully. UfeJ with the word outf " He would bran^n it out as if he had oonc nothing.'* Jrbuth. BR A''ZEN-FACF, S. a perfon who has no fcnfe of fliame ; bi impudent feliovf. BRA'ZEN FACED, Anj. [See BRA- ZF.N-F.ACEl vo d of fhame, iinpudent, BRA'ZENKESS, [from brazen and 7ifj's\ appearing like brafs. Figuratively, undaunretl iippudcnce. M a BRAZi'ER, B R E To interrupt. *' His voice broke with figh Sfcfi. No. 164. To feparate, joined to com' pany. " They were forced X.o break company. Alter. Uled with cff, to diflolve j likewifc to flop, hinder, or prevent. " To break off fo noble a rehtioa." CcUicr. To break off s\i its commerce with the tongue." Addif. With of, to mailer or lay afide an ill habit. " The French were not quite broken of it." GrenVt Ufed with mind, to difcover our fentiments. " Fearful how to break my mind.^' Dryd, Ufed wiih back, to ftrain or put the back- bone out of joint. In Hufbindry. to plow. " The hufbandna in muft firft break the land." Dii'vies. To difband, applied to an army. " Solyman, returning to Conftantinople, broke up his army." Kr.olies. Ui'ed wiih wind, to difcharge wind included in the inteftines. To break on the ivhee!, is to break the bones of a criminal i'aftcned on a wheel. To BREAK, V. N. to buift. " Whifpers the o'er-fraught heart, and bids it break.'''' '^kak. To open i'o as to difcharge matter, ap- plied to a tumor. To oifpeldarknefs, todawn, applied to the firft appearance of light in the mori.ing. " A? Toon as the day breaks,'" SpeSf, No. 465. To decay in hea'th an.l ftrength. " See how the dean begins to break.'''' Siv'ift. To bi.rif, to pronounce, or utter, ufed with from, and the woras I'lps, mouth, or hreaji. " Whilft/zom his ^/-«ii,/?, the dreadful accents broke.'''' Dryden. To force a paflage, ufed with ihe particles through, into, -uni forth. " To break through wiih his whole body of horfe,'* C/arend. " They came into Judah, and brake i;!M it." Chron. XXI. ij. To i'ltervene, with- out notice, or regard to the cerf monies of po- lite behaviour. " With a magifterial air, breaks 'tn upon convcrfation.'* A^d'f- Dif- carded, or deprived of an employ. ''When I fee a great ofBcf r ^cff." Sivift. Joined with kafe, to dMtngage from any obftacU, tye, or other confi|nement, or reftraint. " Break loofe from all our engagements.'" Ti-'/otf. To defift from an undertaking ; to quit a habit } to de- doiitt, none can build up." Burn. Theor. To I fill fudJenly, with the particle cff. "Do not pierce orpeneirst«, applied to light. " A dim I p-remptorily i«fl.^ r^inany bufinefs." Bacon. ■winking !<mp which feebly broke — the gloomy vapours " To diminiih or weaken. " Have not fome of his vices weakened fiis body, and broke his health." Tillotf. In Horfenianfhip, to tame or render manageable. " To break the Itubborn colt " Dryd. Applied figuratively to the human fpec^es. " To break our fierce barbarians into men." Add j. To render a perfon unable to carry nu trade ; to make a bankrupt. " Jmpoverifhes the rich, hre^^ki the merchant." South, To wound ft> as to make the blood appear. " Shell ioontx break your head." Dryd. Applied lo promife, OJths, or duty, to aift counter to, to violate, to dii- reg^rd. " I never more will break an oath." Shak. " To break the pious laws of nature." £)»,</. To inteicepr, pi event, or hinder the felitil of. " To break his dreadful fall." Dryd. B R E BRAZI'ER, S. [from brdxe or brafs, and er] one who maki-s or fells brafs ware. BRA'ZING, S. [f lom brafs or braze] the aft of foldering or ji.ining two pieces of iron together. Sometimes the word is applied to the joining pieces of iron together by beating them ted- hot upon one another j but this is more properly called ive'.ding. BREACH, S. [li.eche, Fr. from break, of hrecan. Sax.] the dividing or deftroying the union between the parts of a thing, belor^' joined together. In Fortification, a hole or gap made in any part of the works of a town, either by cannon or mines. Figuratively, a defedt ; the afting contrary to any law ; the violating any obligation ; quarrel j difcord ; want of unity. BREAD, S. [pronounced bred, breed. Sax. hrod, Dan. bradt, Teut.] a baked mafs oi dough formed from the flour of foine grain, and a confimt part of food. Figuratively, every kind of food necelTary for the lupport of life. " Give us this day our d.illy bread.'''' — To eat a fer{ons bread, is fomi;timcs ufed to imply, that he has been admitted to the moft intimate frienafhip, and fupported by his bounty. " Who, having fa^i?n of c,\ix bread, have lift up themfelvts againft us." K-r,g Chirles. BRF'AD CORN, S. a co:n or grain of which bread is made. BREAD-ROOM, S. [a fea-term] a place in a Hiip's ftern, to kt;cp bread, ur bil'cuit. BREADTH, S. [from b,ad. Sax. broad] the mcjfure of a plain fuperfici'.;S from fide to fide. In Comnieicc, the meafure of any cloth, or other manuf^flure, be'ween thetwo felvedges, or lifts. JV'ah'in an hair's breadth, denoting extrerr'e nearneff, applied tofituition; and a very narrow efr ape, applied to danger. To BREAK, V. A. [t.om brecan. Sax. hr'tken, Goth, brocken, Teut. bieckcr, D..n.] to fepaiate the parts of a thing by force ; to burft by violence, Ufed with the word d^iun, to deftroy, or demolifti. " "V< hen God brraketb When ufed with cff and from, to feparate from with fome effort, or violence." I muft _/Vcrj ihis enchanting queen break off.'^ Shak. To burft through, and difcover itfelf, notwith- ftonding any impediment. " There being fo many ways by which a fmothered truth is apt to blaie and break out." South, To rage, or appear, applied to a diftemper. " A violent (ever broke out in the place." Speff. No. 164. In all the various meanings of this verb, the idea of feparation, or the effect of fudden lorce, is always included. DUEAK, S. applied to the firft appearance ot liglit in the morning when the rays of light treaki'nt gloom of darkneff, it implies the dawn. A paufe or interruption, applied to a diicourfe. In Printing, or Writing, a line drawn between woiUs, to denote that the fenfe is fuf- pended. B R E pended, and that the reader is to make a paufe at that place. BRE'AKER, S. [from break, and er] he who forces a thing afunder ; he who divides a thing by force j a wave broken by rocks or land banks. To BRE'AKFAST, V. N. to eat after having fafted fome time ; applied to the firft meal a perfon makes in the day. BRE'AKFAST, S, [pronounced breckfajl] that which a petfon eats at his firft: meal in the day. In a general itrx'ie, any thing to eat after a long want of food, BRE'AK-NECK, S. [pronounced brahe- rteck\ a precipice, or fall, from whence a perfen would break his neck, ** To me a bnjk-neck" Shak, BREAM, S. [pronounced breem, from brame, Fr. hratjjem, Belg. abramo, Ital.] in Natural Hiftory, a large fiih, delighting in ri- vers or ponds, very broad, with a forked tail, and fcales of a golden colour, fet with great elegance, BRE'AST, S. [pronounced and formerly wrote hreji, of hreoj}, Sax, bryjl, Dan. bmj), Teut. br'-ijie, Belg. J in Anatomy, one of the three venters in an animal body, which con- tains the heart and lungs. Breajis are two pro- minences fituated in the anterior, and towards the lateral parts of the thorax. In beads, the word is applied to that part which extends from the neck to the fore-legs. Figuratively, the heart ; bofom j confcience ; or foul, which waP, by the ancients, Uippofed to refide in this part, " The law of man was written in his breajtr Dryd. To BREAST, V. A. [from the noun] to oppnfe wiih the br(?aft ; to meet ; to ftruggle againft. " I)Vffl/?;'«^ the lofty furge." Shak. BRE'AST-BONE, in Anatomy, the bone of the breaft-, called the fternum, BREAST-HIGH, Adj. as high as the breads. " r.rtaji-h'ifh in fand." Dryd. BRE'AST-HOOKS, S, [among Ship •Wrights, the compaffing timbers before, that help to flrengthen the ftem, and all the fore- part of a (hip. BRE^^ST-KNOT, S. a bunch or knot of ribbands worn by females, on or near their breafts. BRE' AST-PLATE, S. armour worn by way of defence on the bread. " What flronger breajiph.te th.in a l.eait untainted." !>hak. BRE'AST-WORK., S. works thrown up as high as the breafts of the defendants in a fortified place, or field. BREATH, S. [pronounced breth, from brathe, Sax.] the air which .proceeds from the mouth either in the adlions of refpiration, or infpiration. Figuratively, life. " No man has more contempt than I ot breath.'''' Dryd. Ufed with take, to recover loft breath from too great a tatigue; to ceaie from labour or hurry ; a rcfpite or paufe; a bieeze of wind, or gentle turicnt of air. •' Not a breath of wind flies B R E o'er its furface." ./^ddif. The fame indant, ufed with in. " You menace and court me ill a breath.''^ Dryd. BREATHABLE, Adj. [pronounced */■«/,&- able, from breath and abU\ ti)at which may be breathed ; or that which is fit to be breath- ed. To BREATHE, V. N. [pronounced bree'tbe, from breath^ to draw in and iorce out the air atthe mouth by the a£tion of the lungs. Figuratively, to live. " Let him breathe, a private man in Athens." Shak. To take breath, to recover a damage by means of a refpite ; to reft:. " He followed the vi£lory fo hot upon the Scots, he fuffered them not to breathe.'''' Spen. Ufed with 'in, to enter by the adion of breathing, or infpiration. " To whofe foul mouth no wholefome air breatbei («." Shak, To BREATHE, V, A, to fill with, or difcharge the lungs of air, by the aftions of infpiration and refpiration, Ufed with into, to aft upon by breathing ; to animate. " He breathed into us the breath of lil'e," Decay of Piety. To force out of the mouth with the particle out. •' Who breathed out nothing but flame." SpeSl. No. 22-;. To make long- winded by exercife. " The greyhounds are as fwilt as ^^ij/^f^ftagf." Shak. To found by the breath, applied to wind infiniments. " To b>eatbex.h^ flute " Prior. To fend up in vapours, appearing like the breath in frofty weather. "Hlsaltar/5;var/Wambrof:al odours." Par. Loft. To figh, or ofter up, without be- ing he:<rd. " 1 have toward heaven breaih'd a fecret vow." Shak, In Surgery, to open by a lancet. " To breathe a vein." Dryd. BRE'ATHER, S, [from breathe and er, one who enjoys life 5 one who is alive. " I will chide no breather in the world." Shak, He that caofes or animates by his breath, al- luiiing to God's breathing into man the breath of life, as the Scripture expiefles it. "The breather of all lite does now expire." Norrii. BRE'ATHING, S. the .-aion of fetching breath. Figuratively, alive. A fiih of devo- tion ; fecret prayer conceived in the mind, but not uttered in words; an afpiration, " To high heav'n his pious breathings turn'd-" Pr.or, Breathing-places, vents, or chinks, that let in frefti air. BRE'ATHLESS, AHj, [from breathing. kfs] out of breath, or fcarce able to breathe from fatigue, or hurry. Figur,;tively, dead. " The brcathlcjs corpfe with pious tears bs- dew'd." BR:E'CKNOCKSHiRE, S. [from Brecb- einar, Brit, fo called, as the Welch pittend, !rom prince Brccbanus'j a county in Wales, bounded on the E. b) Herefordfhire, on the S. by Monmouthdiire and Glamorganlhire, on the N, by Radnorfliire, and on the W. by Cacrmarthenftiire. It is well ftored wi'h pa- fture, woods, wild dei:r, and herds of cattle, of which they fend grcdt droves every year M 3 , t9 B R E tpEne<iin<3. The Ulk and Wye, %v'nich run through ir, abound in excellent lalmon, trou", fe'f. It has 6 1 pavlfh cliurches, 6cco houtes, four market tov/ns, is about jo6 miles in cir- cumfereric?, }ics ic Landaft diocefi , fends one snember to parliament, and its chief town is Brecknock, which ihe Welch call jiter }lorshy from q'^er, Prit. a tonflugnce, and lUi:-Uy the name oT a river, on account of its bein(; fituatfd on the confluence of the rivers Uortik;' and Uj'k. This tovi.n vvas formerly inhalnted >>y the Rp.Toar.s as appears Iroin feveral coirs found in it ; ii is poverned by two b^il ffs, fifteen aldermen, &c. has t'A'o markets week- ly on Wtdr.efday and Saturday, canies on a good trade in woollen goods, and v. 113 com- puted, or 161 itieafiued miles from London. BREDE, §. [See BJlAlDj a border woughl with the needle in different colours r«-remMrH)t flower;, &c, " In a curious bnde of P^sdle-wcrU. A'U>,'. BREECrf, S. [pronounced hitch, from ir^-jti, to bres-k] the back and lower psrt of B R I BRE'EDINC, S. education, Inflruftion, Figuratively, genteel and polite behaviour ) the method taken in rearinp a child. " Why was my I'reedu'g order'd and prefciibod." M'dt, BREESE, S. [I'ro'ifa, Sax. tnJJJo, Ital ] in Natural Hlllory, a flinging fly, called the gad- fly. BREEZE, S. [hrczza, Ital. J a gentle, cooling pleafant breath of wind. In Naviga- tion, a fhifting wind blewing from the Tea and land alternately at certain hours, a.nd lenfiblc only near the confts. RREEfZY, Adj. refreHied by breezes. BREST, S. in Archite£lurf, the member of a column, named likewife torus, or tore. BRET, S. [bre!t, Teut. a table, (o called from its frame, berton'ia. Norm. J in Natural U'flory, a round flat fi(h, of the turbot kind, called like^Aife hurt or hrut. BREVE, S. in Mufi-, a long no»e, for- perly pricked in th" form of a iqijare without ny tai', equivalent to two mcafures, minims. the body, from ivhe.Tce the excrements aie femibreve?, cr bar?, and is now wrote thus O. Apflicd to a piece of cannon, the ^inc'cr pa't, crtha' p ri behind :he tn.ch-hcle. BREE'CHI^S, [prpnounced /-Ti/fte, from Irifc, bia.ci, Sax. l-occke, Belg. Irjyue, Fr. of braua, an old Gaulifh word, brngie, 01 lra?bcz.zr, Ital. it has no fmgular] that pirt ef a m^n's drefs which covers his thighs an-i Jjreech. To %i'ear tke treecbts, is a phrafe im- plying that a woman ufurps more autl prity over her hiiHianr^ than becomes her (e>:. ToRREEP, V. A. flrom krac!,in. Sax.] to produc, hiing forth, or gei-erate ; to edu- cate, nourifh, cr bring up. Sorretlmes ufrd with th? p.u icles to and up to. Figuratively, to occafion, or canfe. '' Intemperance and lull ir«(/ infirmities.-' T'lZ/jr,'". Applied to place, to give birth to. " The worthicft divine ihar Chriftendom has hrcd.'" hhokcr. To cut, ap plied to the teeth. " Children would breed their tc;!b with much lefs danger," Liche To keep animals for pfecreating, pr multi- plying their rpecie?. ^ To BREED, V. N, to be bis with child ; to be pregnant. " Luc'na, it feenis, w^'^brud- ingy SpeS?. No. 45 1. To propagate; or in- creafe by propagation. " Fl.es hrc-ed\r\ putre- fied carcafei." Btntlcy. To raifc or increafc a ^ireed. BREED, S. a fpecies of animah ; a caP or kind. OfV^'prinr, applied to rnankind. That which '■■' produced at one hatching. " Some- times abdve a hundred at a breed.'''' Grciv. BREE'DER; S. [from o^ef:/ and e'] that which pioducet, or is the raufe of any thing. '' Time is the nurfe and breeder of ali good." Shah. That which educates, or brings up. *' Italy and Rome have been the bt;j1 Irecdei and biingers-i;p o( the worthieil mcr." j'lf (ham, A perfen who is not barren ; ens who j-aifes a breed. " The bre:d:n of EntliHi cat- tle." T'.rr.pU. ERE'VIaRV, S. an abiidgement or com- pendium. *■ Cafconius has g ven us an abr ridpement, or bre-j'iary thereof." Ayijfe. ' EREVIE'R, S. [pranounced bre-vedre] a fmail printing letter, the fame as this book. BRE'VITY, S. Ibre-vir^s, Lat.j applied tp writings, the exprefhng a ler.timent in very lew words ; concileneis ; lliortnefs. To EREW, V. A. \bru:, Btit. to boil, bier, brcM^n, Belg. brairen, Teut. br'tivar, Sax. J to make beer or ale uy m'x'ng rnalt and hops with boiling water, and hrmcntin^ it alter- w^rds v^ith yeaft. Figuratively, to make any drink by boiling different ingredients 5 to con- trive; to plot. Ufed ntuterlv, to perform the cfiice of a brev.^er ; to make ale or beer, BREWER, S. [frrm init, and er] one who makes malt liquor, and ftlls it, BREW' HOUSE, S- [Uom hrei:- znA hou(e, of ,i>M/.', Sax. a place or houfe wherein beer or sic is made. BREWING, S. the prncefs or method of making ate or beer; the quantity ot liquor produced by brewing, "A breiving ot new beer." Bacon. BRE'WIS, S. [briti'k.-ra, Brit, from bro, Bfit, to boil, apd bara, Biit. bread, a'-breu; er, Fr. to foakj a piece of bread bulled in a pot together with meat. BRl'ER, S. See BRIAR. BRITE, S. a gift or reward given to a per- fon to engage him to determine contrary to the merits of a caufe : fomething given to a perfon to ft fie evidence ; fcmething given to an elec- tor, to engage him to vote for a particular can- didate. ERI'BERY, S. the aft of giving a perfon money to engage him toany particular fide, or utidrrtakirg. BRICK, S. \h\che, brude, Belg. brl<jue, Fr.j a fat reddiii or white e-rth, formed in WO-dcn B R I Wooden molds of various fizes, firrt dried in the »ir, and afterwards burnt in a kiln or clamp. Oil of br\ci.\% olive oil imbibed by heated bricks, pounded afterward', and dil- tilled in a retort. To,BRICK,V.A.folay Of build with bricks. BRI'CK-BAT, S. a piece or fragment of a brick. SRI'CK-DUST, S. the duft of bricks ; or the powder of bricks made by rubbing them on each other, or pounding them. BRI'CK-KILN, S. [from hrkk ^x\A kUn, or cylene, or cy!ne, Sax. a furnace] a place ■wherein bricks are burnt. BRl'CKLAYER, S. one who builds with bricks. BRI'CK-MAKER, S. one who makes bricks. BRI'DAL, Adj. [from bride] that which belongs to a wedding. BRIDE, S. [brid, or bryd, Sax. bruth, Goth, brud, Dan. bruyd, Belg. hraut, Teut. brudur. Run. a beautiful woman] a name gi- ven to a woman the day of her marriage, and fometimes after the v^edding-day is over. BRI'DEBED, S. [bnd bid, Sax. braut bot, Teul.J the bed on which a new married couple lay. BRI'DE-CAKE, S. a cake with which the guefts are entertained at a wedding. BRI'DEGROOM, S. [from br\de and ^cotk; from groom, Belg. br'tdguma, Sax. br'id gume, I/l. or Dan. bruydgome, Belg.j a new married man. BRI'DEMEN, S. the male attendants, as the bride-maids are the female attendants, or company at a wedding; the office of the lat- ter is to undrefs the bride on the wedding night, and fee her to bed. BRI'DEWELL, S. {St. Bridgid's well, a medicinal water, which, during the glooms of unlettered enthufiafm, was reported to have performed feveral remarkable curr.s] a houfeof correflion near Fleet-ditch, London, built by Henry VIII, as a royal palace for the recepti on of the emperor Charles V. Any place where vagrants and (trumpets are obliged to beat hemp, or kept to hard labour as a punifhment. BRIDGE, S. [bricg, brigge, Sax. bru^^e, Teut.] a building of ftone or limber confifting of one or more arches, intended for the p. iVage of men or carriages from one fide of the river to another. The word iiMV/^fi is ufed figura- tively for the upper part of the nofc; and in mufical inftruments for a piece of wood, which Hands upright on the belly of the inflrument, and fupports the firings. Hanging bridges, are thofe which are not fupported auher by pofls or pillars, being fuftained only by the two ex- tremities. A dniiv- bridge, is made faft only at one end with hinges, fo that the other may be lifted by chains fixed to it. A fyir.g- bridge is made of pontoons, leather boats, cafks, &c. covered with planks, for the pafl'ag'- of an aimy. A bridge of boati is made of copper or B R I wooden boats, faftencd with ftakes or anchor*, and covered with planks. The bridge of boats at Rouen, rifi's and falls with the tide, is near 300 yards long, and paved with ftone, like a rtreet ; carriages with the greateft burdens go over it with eafe and 'V'sty. BRIDLE, S. [bruUl, bridi, Sax. breyde!, Beig. bride, Fr. brida^ Span, briglia, Ital.] the bit, headftall, fillet, throat-band, reins, and nofe band, which are farter.ed on a horfe's head to manage' and govern him. Figuratively, a reftraint, curb, check; cautious, %'idilant. To BRIDLE, V, {hridlian, Sar." breydehn, Belg. probably from i^rryv/ifn, uxkcriden, Belg. to ride] to manage a horl'e by means of a bridle. Figuratively, to check ; or reftrain ; or keep within bounds. Ufed neuterly, to hold up the head in an afFciled manner, ap- plied to the attitudes of a woman. BRIEF, Adj, [href, Fr. of brevis, L^t. fhortj appropriated to language, fhort, con- cife, oppofed to difFufive or verbnfe. " The brief flile is that which exprelfes much in little." B. JobnfcTt. BRIFF, S. [pronounced breef, bref, Ifl, brief, Belg. a ktter] a Ihort and exprefljve ac- count or deicriplion. In Law, a writ where- by a perfon is fummoned to anfwer to any afiion ; an abridgement of a client's cafe, con- taining in a ccncife manner, tlie proofs and objeflions that may be made by the contrary party, together with anfwers. to them, wrote out tor the inftrudtion of counfel on a trial. In Canon Law, letters patent, generally read in churches, giving a liccnfe for making a colledtion all over the kingdom for any pub- lic or private iofs, the money for which is col- leifJed by the church-wardens. BRIE'FLY, Adv. [pronounced i/vf/?y,from brief, and /)'] in fe^" words ; concifely. BRIE'f NESS, S. [from brief i^ni nfs] the quality of exprcfling a thing in few words ; concifenefs; fliortnefs. I'RIE'R, S. [brar, Sax.] in Botany, a kind of piickly tree, diftinguifhed popularly into fweet or wild ; and being a fpecies of the rofe, fee that article. ERIE/RY, Adj. full of briers, thorns, or pricUly plants. BR'iG, nnd BRIX, [of the Saxon brig, bricg, or triggc] fignifies a bridge, and is join- ed to the names of fuch places as do, or have enjoyed the advantage of fuch an edifice. BRl'GADE, S. [hrignde, Fr. brigjta, Ital.] in the Military Art, a part or div;)ii>n of an army, whether horfe or loot, under the com- mand of a bri;;adier. A brigade of an army, is a body of horfc of ten or thiitetn fqudrons, or five or fix battaliotiS ol foot ; a /'rigade of a /■'•Off/' i« a third part of it, wheti tonfitting of fitly foldiers ; but only a lixth, when it coi'.- fifts of one hundred ; that is, a troop is di~ vided into three brigades in the former cafe^ and in'o fix io ihe latter. BRl'GADl£RGt,Ni;RAL,S. [pronoun- M 4 cei B R I ti.i hr'igaJeer^ an ofncer comnaandinpa trigaJel of hoiie, or foot, and ranking next below a maif""- general. BRFGANDlNr., S. f from /'W^-jW/w, Fr ] a kind of ancicni defenfive arm<iur, confilting of thin pliable plates, like fcales J a coat of mall. BRPGANTINE, S, [brigantln, Fr. b-lg- ertino, Ital.J a fmall, light, flat, open vedel, with twelve or fifteen benches on each fide for rowers, going both wi'h fails and oars, fit for boar.ing, or giving chafe, and chiefly ufed by the Corfaits. BRIGHT, Adv. [leorcbt, Sax. of heorchte, Sax. light, haercht, Goth.] fliining; fplendid; glittering with lisht. Figuratively, ftrcng j clear ; or that which introduces more light in- to the mind. " Brigiicr evidence." IVatti. Noble, fhining, illultrious, or that which fcts a perfon in a confpicuous point of view, ap- plied to aftion. " A bright reign." Applied to lagacity, quick, penetrating. " Bright ■genius.^' To BRI'GHTEN, V, A. to make a thing feline which was dull, or covered eith.-r with ruftordufl:. Figuratively, to difperfc. ^'Bright- ens up my forrow." Pbl'Mps. To make fa- mous ; torenderconfpiciious J to heigh.eii, ap- plied tocharailer, " The queen would bright- en her charader, Gfc." SiviJ). Ufed neuter- ly, to ftine again after bein-4 obfcured. BRFGHTLY, Adv. [from bright and <>] with fplendor ; with luftre. Figuratively, in iuch a manner as will raife an advantageous idea of ourfelves. BR1/GHTNF.SS, S. [from bright and nef,] the luftre which appears on tlie light of bur- riiflied metals, or cut diamonds ; fplendor. Figuratively, goocnefs i fagaciiy ; pcrfsflions that make a perfon conlpicuous. " Thebriuht- r.e[s oi his parts." Prior. BRILLIANCY, S. [ from " *n7//fln^ Fr. ] l;reatnels of lulire, or fplendor which daziles the eyes. BRI'LLIANT, Adj. [briUiart, Fr.] fpark- ling, or reflecting the rays of light, with great luftre. BRi LLIANT, S. [from briUer, Fr. to ?hineor fpirklej a diamond quite flat under- neath, and cut on its upper part in triangular faces, the uppermoft ending'in a point. BRIP»I, S. [brymme, Sax. brim, III. brtm- mt, Dan. braar,. Tent.] the edge cr exire'T.i- lies of a thing. Aprlied to the hat, that part ■which iscockcu or turned upward. Applied to any vcffcl, or or nking-ghfs, the uppermofl part or edge. Figur.livcly, the lurface of any liquor or fluid. " Dipped in the brim of the water." Jcf. iit. 15. The top of a bank v;afhsd bv a river. To BRIM, V. A. to fill full; to fill up to the brim. Neuterly, to be full to ihe lop. 'bP.I'MFUL, Adj. full to the ton. Figura- tively, r-" 'dy to run over, by being charged too full. " His eyes ^i/'^K/ of tears," ^d^ij. B RI BRI'MMER, S. a velTel or bowl filled up to the brim. BRI'MMING, Adj. filled to the top. " The hrimmuT glaffes." Phillips. BRI'M.STON'E, S. fot tryme-ftore, front brur.r.e, III. to burn, and fltin, a ftone, ;'. e. a burning or inflammable Hone] in Natural Hif- tory, a fat, utiiftuous, mineral, yellow fub- ftance, dry, folid and friable, melting with a g ntle heat, inflammable, and when fired in the open air, burning almoft all away with a blue flame and a noxious vapour, endued with an eleftric power, and not dilToluble in an acid menftruum. BRl'NDF-D, Part, [brln, Fr. a branch] flreaked 5 marked with flre-iks or branches j tabby. '• Thrice the trinded cat hath mew'd." Shak. BRINDLE, S. fSee BRINDED] applied t© thefl:reakS~upon the/kinof a beaft, of a dif», lerent or darker colour than the other parts. BRI'NDLED, Part, marked with ftreaks of a different or darker colour, applied to the ikin of a bead. BRINE, S, Iffc-brirte, Sax. bryr, Belg. brynni, ](]. to \vater, brur.a, Go;h. a fpring or fountain] any fait liquor; fea water. Fi- guratively, the fea ; tears. " What a deal of hrir.i hath walh'd ihy fallow cheeks." Sbakm The liq'jor or pickle which proceeds from failed meat. To BRING, V. A. ffrom bringan. Sax. pret. brohte\ biiggan, Goth, preter brahta ; irirgen, Teut. picler gebrdkto ; brergen, Belg. J to caufe a perfon to come, or to fetch a thing to another, difiini;uilhed from carry, becaufe it may then be done by another ; but the word bring implies, that a thing is done by one's felf. Figuratively, to procure, Ufed with the particle in, to introduce. " The folly and madncfs of mankind brought in (Aic gods." Stilling Jlcct. Ufed with tack, to make a per- fon or thing return; to recover; to rccal. Ufed with ro, to lead, or condufl ; to induce, or ptvivail upon. Ufed with about, to accom- pi'fh. Ufed with off, to clear from any charge ; to free from danger. Uf:d with ever, to pre- vail on, or induce, a perfon to alter his ier\- timents ; to convert or fcduce. XJiti with out, todifcovera tiling which is concealed. Ufed with under, to fubdue, vanquilh, or tyran- nize over. Ufed with up, to inftruft, edu- cate ; to teach j to introauce a falhion ; to ad- vance, or come forward with, atplied to an army. " Bring tip your men." AZv^. BRI'NiSH, Adj. [from Z.;;;;f and i/h, of ifc. Sax.j like brine; faltifii. 'BR.INK., S. Ibrink, Dan. brcg, Sclav. brfgh, Epir. See BRIM] the extreme edge of a river, precipice, &c. Figuratively, the highcft degree of danger. " The brink of do- frru'/ti in." BRyNY, Adj. fading faltifli, or like brine, or any oihtr liquor that refe.tib'ss it. BRISK, Adj. [ar brys, Brit, bryfjuw, Brit, B R 1 '^t'iX. hri^e, br'izy, bryzycko, Boh, laszo, I3al. irufjut, Fr.] lively, gay, airy 5 tu!l of vivacity and fpirits, applied to the difpofition. Vigo- rous, full of aflivity and power, applied to aftion. Sparkling, mantling, applied to liq^uors Bright, glaring, and ftrongly aftefting the fight, applied to colours. To BRISK-UP, V. N. to advance in .1 fprighily, lively, and nimble manner. BRl'SKET, S. [according to Skinner, the fame as brejiet, a diminutive of brej}, the an- cient fpelling of bieaji ; brkhet, Fr.] the breart of an animal, particularly that part which lies next to the ribs, BRl'SKLY, Adv. [from bnjk and lyl in a bri/k, lively, adlive, and fpirited manner. BRISKNESS, S. [from bnJk and ncfs, of Te[l'e, Sax.] a light, airy, and chearful difpo- fition ; vivacity or livelinefs ; activity, gaiety. BRI'STLE, S. [hnjlle, Sax. borjiel, fau- ■hurfi, Teut, ] the ftrong hair which grows and Hands upright on the back of a boar, &c. To BRFSTLE, V. A. to ereft the briftles upright when enraged, applied to a hog. Fi- guratively, to grow angry ; to advance to an enemy in order to attack him, or revenge an sffront, Ufed with the particle up. Neuterly, to ftand ere£l like the briftles of an hog, BRISTLY, Adj. [in Botany] cncompaff- ed with a fubftance refembling hairs. " The brijlly chefnut," Diyd. .Thick fet with hairs, or brirtlc;. BRI'STOL, S. [called in Welch Caer Oder Ndnt Badon, the city Odera in the valley of B-idon. It was likewife named Caer Brito, and Brightjlroiu, Sax. a famous place] a city on the rivers Avon and Frome ; though fitu ated partly in Gloucefterfhire, and partly in So tnerfetfiiire, yet it belongs to neither, having diftinft magiflrates of its own, and being a county incorporate by itfelf. For populouf- nefs, riches, and the extenfivenefs of its trade, it is undoubtedly the third city in England. This city is governed by a mayor, aldermen, two (henffs, a recorder, (Sjc. is well fupplied with all forts of provifions, has markets on Wednefday and Saturday, and fever.il fairs in the year, which are frequented by people from almoft all the trading places in the kingdom. It his 19 churches, though but 17 parifhes, and feveral meetings for quakers, (s'c. It fends two members to parliament, and 1594 comput- ed and io4mearured milesdiftantifromLondook BRISTOL, S^ county of, a fubdivifion ol New Plymouth colony, in New England, North America. It includes Rhode-ifland, as well as Elizabcth-ifland, at the mouth of Mouni's-bay, and lies to the S. W. of Fly- mouth county, another fubdivifion of this, colony. Of the fame name is the largeft and moft populous, though not the oldcft towa ol the county, which has a convenient harbour, with Rhode ifhnd lying at the en- trance of it ; and, next to Bo£xon, has the beft B Rl trade in New England, and is continually in- creafing both in th.it n-.^pedl and in the- num- ber of its inhabitants/ Near Brlftol is a re- markable hill called Mount-Hope, where Philip, rtiled the kingof Wamponoags, whra made war on the Englifii in king Charles II's reign, had his refidence, as he afterwards met his fate and quietus at the bottom of it, when driven back thither by the Englifh, BRI'TaIN, Great, S.° [fuppofed by Camden to be derived from brith, Brit, paint- ed, on account of the firft inhabitants paint- ing their bodies ; and by others from bvydlo, Brit, to grow boifterous or tumultuous, applied to the lea ; and as the Britl/h feas were always notorious for their boifteroufnefs, and tlieword brydio communicates this idea fo jadequately, the conje(f1:ure feems fomewhdt fpecious ,• and brydanireih, anger or warmth, from the fame root, leads us eafily to brydain, in Sax. brytair.e, or, as wrote by moderns, Britain] in Geo- graphy, an ifland, the largeft in Europe, of a triangular form, bounded on the W. by the Irilh fea, on the N, by the Northern ocean, on the E. by the German ocean, on the S. by the Britilh channel, the narroweft part of which is called the Streights of Dover. The fea, thus furrounding it, is not only a fccurity againft an enemy, but likewife greatly acates the violent colds the climate would otherwife be expofed to, the continual motion of the fea fending in a kindly vapour which mollifies the natural fharpnefs of the air, fo that in fome parts of France and Italy, the winter is as fe- vere as ours in Britain. The fertility of the foil is, in a great ineafure, owing to the fame caufe, by furnifhing us with gentle fliowers in their proper feal'ons. To enumerate the pio- dufls and manufadtures of thi« ifland would exceed our limits, efpecially as they will be fpecilied in our account of the different coun- ties and moft remarkable places ; but we fliall in general fay, that it yeilds all the necefiaries and many of the conveniences of life, and the induftiy of the inhabitants, and their applica-" tion to trade, fupply it with the riches and luxuries of the known world, It has on all fides very convenient harbours, and a great many navigable rivers ; the moft confiderable of the latter are the Thames, the Severn, and the Humber, in England ; the Clyde, Forth, Tay, &c, in Scotland, which carry along with them into the fea vaft ;nimbcrs of leiler ftreams. Its length is 587 miles ; and its breadth 2S5, according to Moll. It lies be- tween 50 and 60 degrees N. latitude, and be- tween 9 and 17 degrees W. longitude, Tene- rifj'e htirm the firft meridian, BRITISH, Adj. belonging to Britain. BRITTLE, Ad.i, [bniund. Sax. from britian, S.ix. and Gaulifti, bryder, Dan. to break] that which breaks or crum'.;Ies ta pieces witji the l.-'ft force or violence. BRl'TTLENESS, S, [from tV;V,-,'^ and «./?, B E. O •f rejfi. Sax.] that quality which renders a thing eafy to break. BROACH, S.[hroche, Fw] an inftrument ©» ftake forced through a joint of meat, by means »t which it is turned round, and i;s parts are fucceirively expofcd to the a£lion of the fire, in roafting ; a nDufical inftrument, which is played upon by means of a handle that tutus a cylinder round on its axis, and gives motion to the feversl keys by pieces of wire fixed perpendicalar on its furface. To BROACH, V. A. to fplit ; to pierce with a fpit. Figuratively, to force a fpicker or cock into a veli'cl, in order to draw the li- quor J to tap i to open ; to wound fo as to let out blood. A low expreflion, alluding to tke tapping a velVel. " Bloaj was reaoy to be ircs:FJ," Hudih, To be the author of, applied to doiftrine, or opinion. CRO'ACHER, S, [trom broach zni tr] * fpit cr ftake to roaft meat on. Figura:ive!y, the firft inventor, author, or founder of any opinion or doiSrine. BROAD, Adv. [pronounced ^riJ-zoV; from hrad. Sax. hrtyd, Or breed, Belg. hr(\t, Teut.j wide, or the extent between the fides of a Sbing j difiinguiflied from length, which is the enter>t or fpate between the two ends. Figu- ratiirely, large or great. " A bread mixture of folly." Locke. DiftufiYC, clear, and bright. " Appears in the broadcj} light." Decay of P'ucy. Coarfe, giofs, obfcene, applied to iKiguage- " In fome places he is bread and Iklfome." Dryd. With i!ie eyes wide open. •* He was broad awake." PRO'AD-CLOTH, S. a manufaflure made of fheeps wool of our own cloth m'xt with that oi Segovia in Spain, the ftaple com- snodity and honour of this nation, lo called from its breadth, which is fo great that it is weaved by two perfons ; who fit at each fide, and fling ihe fhuttle to one another. BRO'AD-EYED, Adj. that which can fee tcv a great dift nee round ; or has a very large prorpc(fl in Ci^ht. " In defpite of hroad- rffd watchful day." Shakefp. This conveys a Boblc image to the mind, and is an elegant nfe of the ter^n. BRCAD-LEAVED, Adj. that which has broad leave?. BRO'ADLY, Adv. [from broad 2nd fy, ot ice, Sax. J in a broad manner, •, BRO'ADNESS. S. [from bread and nejs] tr^adth j the extent between the lelvcdges or lift of cleth ; the fpace between the fiics ot a thing. Figuratively, obfcene, immodeft. "To palliate the broadrtfs of the meaning." Dr\d. BRO'AD SHOULDERED, S. mealurinc n)uch,cr ot great width, between tlie fiioulders. BRO'ADSIDE, S. the firing all ;he guns ©n one fide of a fliip into an eneir.y's veliel Figuratively, an attack ; or a poHtive and Miiexped\td charge of fomething criminal, by yiiy of accufation, or reply. BRO'AD SWORD, S. a iliarp edged cut- ting fword, with a broad blade. B R O BRO'ADWISE, Adv. [frora broad and wife; of giif;, Teut a manner, or wayj ac- cording to the breadth. BROCA'DE, S. [brocado, Span.] a fluff of gold, filver, orfilk, raifed, aud embellifhed with flowerj, foliages, or other ornamcTts. BROCA'DE D, Part, woven with flowers, or ornaments of various colours. Figuratively, dreft in brocade. BRO'CCOLI, S. in Botany, a fpecjes of cabbage. To BRO'GUE, or BROGGLE,, V. A. [irotii/fe, Fr. to difburb] applied to eels, to fifJi for by making tlie w^ter muddy or thick. BRO'GUE, S. [iref, Ir.j a wooden fhoe ; a corrupt or vicious manner of fpeaking or pronouncing. BRO'lL, S. [brouUkrie, Fr.] a quarrel, con- teft, tumult, or war. To BROIL, V. A. [pronounced as if wrote bri/e, from bruhr, Fr.] to drefs meat either by plating it immediately on the coals, or en a gridiron over a fire. Ncuterly, to overheat by immoderate exercife. Ufed improperly for to hunt. " All the planets and comets have been broilir^ in the fun." Cbeyne. BRO'KAGE, or EROKL'RAGE, S. mo- ney gained by promoting bargains ; cr what is given by a broker for commiflion ; the trade of buying and felling fecond-hand things. To BROKE, V. N. [probably from bruccan, Sax. lo be bufy^ to tranfadl bufinef* or buy and fell for another, at a certain fum per cent. BRO'KEN-HEARTED, Adj. in a con- dition which admits of no comfort ; dejeftedj indefpair; difconfolate. BRO'KENLY, Adv. [trom brohn ani ly] ia an unconneded manner; without any con- nexion ; bv loofe fentences. BRO'KEN-ME AT,S. fragments, or pieces of meat taken from a table. BRO'KER, S. [formerly called bro?ger, i. e. a broken tradefman ; from trok, Sax. none others being admitted by the 8ih and 9th of William III.] one who buys or fells, or iranfafts bufinefs for another. By abufe, the word is applied to thofe who deal in fecond- hand goods. Exchar:^e-broher,h one who con- cludes bargains for others, relating to the re- mitting of money, or bills of exchange. Stock- broker!, are thofe who buy or fell for others, parrs or fhares in the joint fiock of any public company, as the bank, South-fea, ^c- Ponvn- btokers, arc thofe who lend money to the necef- fitous, upon a pledge of goods, given aj fecu- rity. In low language, it implies a pimp or procurer. BRO'OMING, or BRE'AMING, S. the burning the filih a fliip has coniracled, with firaw, reeds, broom, &c. when Ihe is on the careen. BRO'NTOLOGY, S. [from ^icvTv, and Xcj-is, Gr.] a di'i'courfe on thunder. BRONZE, S. Ibicnze, Fr.] a mahod ufed B R O fcy ftatuaries to make their plaiflered bufts look as if compofed of brafs. Of this there are two fortr, the red brafs or bronze, and the yellow, or gilt brafs. BROOCH, S. [broke. Belg.] a jewel ; an ornament of jewels. Figuratively, an orna- ment j glory. " He is the brooch indeed and geiTi of all the nation." iibak. To BROOD, V, N. [i»-a;cle», Sax. int- din, Belg.] to hitch, or fit upon in order to hatch; to fit like a hen hatching her eggs, beautifully applied in the following fentence. ." Where hrood'mg darknefs fpreads his jealous wings." Milt. To fit near and watch with great anxiery. " Rejoicing milers — brood tje.x tlieir precious ftores." Smith. Ufed aftively, to hatch. Figi.iratively, to cherlfh or keep alive by incell'ant anxiety. " You'll fit and hro'j.i vour forrows on a throne." Dryd. BROOD, S. {hrod. Sax] a parcel of chick- ens hatched by one hen, at one time. Figu- ratively, iiftspring, cliil.ireii ; prnduclion. BRO'ODY, Adj. inclining t.. hatch, or to fit on eggs to hatch them. " The common hen, all the while (lie is broody.''' Ray. BROOK, S. [brok, Sdx. brock, Belg.] a fmall and fhallow running water. To BROOK, V. A. \brucan. Sax.] to bear without refentment or complaint ; to put up v/ith. Applied to misfortunes, or affronts ; to endure. BROOM, S. [brum, Sax] in Botany, the genijla, Lat. gemct, Fr. Linnasus ranges it in the third fe<n:. of his yth clafs. Theie are lo fpKcies. Likewlfe an utinfil made with the twigs rtf the abovemen'.ioned plant, and ufed in fweeping hniifes or fireets. BROO'MSTAFF, S. the (TarT to which the twigs ot broom arc bound to make a be- fom ; the handle of a broom ; named more generally in London a broom-jhck. BROOMY, Adj. full of, or abounding in broom, BROTH, S. \broth. Sax. hro;^e, and ' hrue, Belg. hrado, Ital. hrad'io, Span. J a kind of foup, made by boiling meat down in a fmall quantity of water. BRO-THEL, or BROTHEL-HOUSE, \bordil, Fr. bordeUo, Itaj.j fo called from their having been formerly built nea--, or upon the banks of rivsrs] a houfe inhabited by profti- tutes, and fet apart for the pri(flice,of lewd- nefs. BRO'THER, S. [^«/jto; and Irothcnw the plural, the former of which feems con- fined to the Scriptures. From brother. Sax. which in i's obl'que cafes makes hrcthcr\ a term of relation between two male children fprung from the f.ime father or mother, or both. Among the ancients this term was ufed with gre.iter huiiu'ie than at prefent, and fignified evr.n firft coufins ; in this {tn{t. it is ufed in Scrip' ure, when msniion is made ot our Lora's brethren. Figuratively, a per- B'H U fon united by the mofl: ardent aft«£lions of friendfhip ; one of the f.ime trade j a perfon refembling another in qualities, or conduft. " He that is flothlul in his work is brother lo him that is a great wafter. " Prov. xviii, 9. Among divines, taken for a man in gene- ral, alluding to our being all defcended from one common parent. BRO'THERHOOD, S. [from /5ro/^<r and hood-, of had, w hade, Sax.] the ftate or con- dition of a brother'; ths relation in which one brother flands with refpeft to another. Figuratively, men living together in the fame houfe, and profeffing the fame principles, ap- plied to monks or friars ; men incorporated together by the fame charter ; men of the fami trade. BRO'THERLY, Adj. that which fuits, or belongs to a brother. BRO'THERLY, Adv. [from brother and />'] after the manner of a brother. Figura- tively, in a very affeiflionate manner. BROW, S. \_brofJa, Sax. broiu-ve, Belg, aug brautu, Teut. brsio, Pol. broou. Ruff, brun, Ifl. fingular, brys, plur. hence the Scotch bruu, and the north country eye-brees] the arched colleftion of hairs over the eye in human creatures. Figuratively, the looks air, or appearance of the countenance. Ap- plied to a hill, the verge or extremity of its furface. To BRO'WBEAT, V. A. to endeavour to awe a perfon by ftern and haughty looks, ef words. BROWN, Adj. [brun, S-ix. brau?,, Teut. bnine, Fr. briino, Ital.] fun-burnt, of a co- lour which miy be madeof a mixture of black with any other colour. Figuratively, dark gloomy. " Broivnw\t\\ o'er-chargingfhades." Fi,pe. Uled as a fubftantlve, dark, or dufty colour. BROWNISH, Adj. [from i/-ow«and ;)?jj fomewhat brown, inclining to brown, of a taint brown. BROW'NNES, S. [from brown and w/j] that idea or fenfation which is excited in the mind on feeing a brown colour. To BROWSE, V. A. [brct4er, Fr. bruf. care, Ital. of Sfuia-KM, Gr.] to feed on herbs, leaves, or grafs. To crop or eat, applied to cattle. Aftively, to feed or eat, ufed with or:, or upon. " Brotvfc on the fhrubs." Blackm. BROUZE, S. pafture; properly leaves or fhrubs fit for goats and other animals to eat. To BRUIZE, V. A. [pronounced hruxt-^ bryjfan, Sax. briz,z.cn. Old Gaulifh, brijer, Fr.] to crufli or hurt by any thing blunt, which does not cut the /kin, or let the blood out ; to crufli by any weigl>t ; to beat in a mortar, fo as only to crufh or dellroy the form of a thing, without reducing it into powder. BRUISE, S. a hurt whereby the Ikin ig not broke. 4 BRUIT, B R U Bruit, S. [bruit Fr.j a report, rumour, •r n. lie; fomethirig which is the common lopic ot converfation. To BRU'iT, V. A. to Toread abroad j to divulge ; to rumour. Both the verb and the BOiin are fekioiri ufed. BRU'MA, or BRAHMA, S. the idol of the Brahmans, who, thty fay, produced as jnaiiy woi}ds as he has confiderable parts; the firft worlf^, which is abov? the heavens, being formed of his brain ; the fecond, of his eyes ; the third of his mouth, &c. BRU'NETTE, S. [the plurs] irurei/ss, ac wording to Addifon; brui:ette, Fr. oi brun, Fr. brownj a perfon of a brown complexion^; ge- nerally applied to the female fex. " To infult the olives and the brunettes."'' Guardian. BRUNT, S. [brunft, Belg. heat] the onfet, attack, or fliock of an enemy ; the force, violence, and ftroke of a cannon. " An heavy brunt of cannon ball." Generally ufed with the verb bear, To hear the Irunt, is to fuftain the attack of an army. Figuratively, any difficultv, or crofs and uncxpefted accident. BRUSH, S, [or^/^, Fr. brucchl:, Ital.J an jntlrumeiit made o( briftles or hair fattened to wood, ufed either for fweeping rooms, ch-an- ing cloaths, or painting. Figuratively, a flight attack or ftirmifh in war. To BRUSH, V. A. to clear a thing of duft By means of a bni/h ; to todch in one's paf- fage. Ufed with up, to paint, to make a thing look well by a brufh. Ufed neu- terly, to pafs quick, and clofe to a perfon, joiBsd with the particle by. "Brujh'dr^- girdlcfs /y." Dryd. To ilcim upon the fur- face; to pafs along fo as juft to touch the furface in th; paffage, ufed with oier. " And brupnng o'«r adds motion to the pool." BRU'SHER, S. [from brufi and er] a per- fon who makes ufe of a brufh ; one who cleans •with a bnith. BRU'SHY, Adj. rough or fhaggy like a brurti. " The brujhy fubftance of the netve." To ERU'STLE, V. N. [hrafiliaa, Sax.] to crackle, or make a noifc, like the rullling of armour, or that of rich filks. Figuratively, to fwagger, heftor, or approach a perfon in a 'threatening manner. BRUTAL, Adj. [from brute; bruitil,Yi.'\ that which belongs to a beaft, cppoled to ra- tional. Figuratively, inhuman, cruel, favape, without or contrary to reafon, and the princi- ples of hu.Tianity. BRUTALITY, S, [brutorne,Vr.'] a difpofi tioi) or behaviour contrary to the laws of rca fon, or didlates of pul.tcnefs and humanity ; cbuilifiinefs, favjger.e's. To BRU'TALIZE, V. N. {hnitalixcr, Fr.] to prow mcrofe, fovage, inhuman, and like a brute. Aftively, to make btutifti or f<ivjge. BRUTE, Ac). \h.vt:^', Lat.J fenfclefs *' The fons of h':'tc eaith." Bent^ Savage ; utbumani void of all the tender and foclai B U C affeflionj; not having the ufe of reafon; roueh ; uncivilized. BRUTE, S. an animal without the princi- ple of reafon ; a beaft. Figuratively, applied to men as a term of the Tnoft mortifying re- proach, and implying a perfon void of huma* nity, and an enemy to reafon, BRU'TISH, S. [from brute ini ijh, of if c, Sax. J refembling a beaft, either in form, or qualities. Figuratively, rude ; inhuman ;fenfe- lefs; ftupidly ignorant; rcgardlefs of reafon, or contrary to its diftates. BUB, S. [a cant word, perhaps a contrac- tion of ^«iA)', put for the milk it containtj ftrong malt liquor. " He loves cheap port, and double bub." Prior. BU'BBLE, S. [bobb/e, Belg. boble, Dan.] a fmall bladder of water ; a little round drop of any fluid, filled and expanded with air, and deftroyed by the leaft touch. Figuratively, fomething eafily deftroyed ; a cheat, or the perfon cheated. To BU'BBLE, V. N. to rife in bubbles ; to make a gentle noife as it runs, applied to water ifiuing from fome narrow place, or its fountain-head. Adlively, to cheat or defraud by projefls of imaginary advantages. BU'BBLER, S. [from bubble and er, of w^T, Sax.] one who cheats by projefts, pro- mifing great advantages for the loan of money. BU'BBY, S. a woman's biealt. A low term. BU'BO, [from ^or-^av, Gr. the inguen, where it generally appears] in Surgery, a tumor or fwelling, attended with an inflammation ga- thering in the groin, fefc. A malignant bub» is owing to fome contagious difeafe, or vene- real t'lint. A mild bubo takes its rile from the ftagnation of glutinous and inlpifTated blood. BUCCA'LES, S. [gfanduU, Lat.] in Ana- tomy, fmall glands difperled over the infide of the cheeks and lips, feparating the fpittle, which mixes with the food in the a£lion of chewing. BUCCA'NEERS, or BUCCANERS, S. [from bucaii, to drefs meat on hurdles, by means of fmoak] a kind of favages in theW. Indies, who prepare their meat on a hurdle of Brazil wood, placed at a great height from the fire ; the meat thus dreffed has an exceeding plcafant fmell, fine relifh, is of a rofe colour, and a great reftorative to fick people. The In- dians ufiiig to cut their prifoncrs to pieces, and drels thenr) in this manner, the term was ap- plied to the famous adventurers or pirates, who anViciatej themlelvrs in order to plunder the Spanifh doi;iinions in America in i6S6, and were guilty of great outrages. At prefent it is given to the French ano Spanifli inhabitants of the iflanci of St. Domingo, whofe whole employ confifts in hunting bulls and wild boars, whofe flelh they drefs after the Indian manner. BUCK, S. [bivcb, Brit, bucce, Sax. bouc, Fr,] the male oi the fallow deer, rabbets, 6 hares. BUG hsres, goats, &c. Among deer It is as cor- pulent, and has horns like a hart, differing only in fiie, growing out of the head like lingers on the hand, LikewiJe a cant name for a club, or foclety, fo called tVom their ule of thefe hunting terms, calling their prefidentj the grand buck, &c. BUCK, S. [boucLe, Teut. hucata, Ital.] ley made of alhes for wafhing linen. Figura- tively, linen. " She walhes biich here at home." Sbi2iefp. To BUCK, V. A. [derived from the fore- going I'ubftaniives.J When from buck fignity- ing a deer, it denotes to copukte ; and wrhen- from buck fjgnifying ley, it implies to walh cloaths in ley. BUCKET, S. [bajuet, Fr. or buc, Sax. and et] a wooden veflVl refembling one half of a barrel or pipe, fitted with a handle form- ed like a ftmicircle, and ufed to draw water out of a well; likewife a leathern veffel of the faire form ufed in fires to ferve the en- gines wiih water. See PAIL. BU'CKINGHAM, S. the capital of the county of the fame name. It is governed by a bailiff, who rtturns two members to par- liament. It is large and populous, lying low, on the river Oufe, over which it has three ftone bridges. In theN. part ftands the town- hall, a handtbme flrufture ; and in the weftern is its church. Here is a fieefchool ; and the county-goal and court, with the aflizes, are kept here. In its neighbourhood on the Oufe are feveral paper-mills. Its weekly market is on Saturday, an^ the annual fairs here are Mon- day fe'ennight after Epiphany, March 7, but it leap-year March 6, May 6, Whitfun-Thurf day ; July 10, September 4, Odlnber 2, and November 8 j all for cattle. It hath a c^ftle on a hill, but is now in ruins. The town lies ten mi'.es N. E. of Aileltury, and forty- fix from London. BU'CKINGHAMSHIRE, S. [of ^«f,Sax. a buck or bart, from its abounding with that fpecies of animals] in Geography, a county fituated almnft in the center of England, bounded by Berklhire and the Thames on the S. on the W. by Oxfordfiiire, on the N. by Northamptonfhire, and on the E. by Bedford- fiiire, Hertford/liire, and MiddL-fex ; it is but 39 miles long, 18 broad, and 138 in circum- ference. It is divided into eight hundreds, contains 185 pariihcs, about i3,ooo houfes, 121,400 inh..bi;ants, fends 14 members to parliament, is famous for its paflures, and manufactures of paper and bone lace, the latter of which is little inferior to that of FLind'.'rs. The chief town is Buckingham, which was fortified by Edward the elder in 918. BUCKLE, S. [b-ivcel, Brit, and Arm. boucle, Fr.J an inftrumenfmide of a link of metal with a tongue and catch, nfed to fallen the ftraps of the fnocs, the harncfj of hones. BUD &c. a curled lock of hair; or hair in a ftate to make it curl. To BU'CKLE, V. A. to faften with a buckle. Figuratively, to marry, or join. " Is this an age to bi'ckle lu'ub a bride ?" Dryd, To confine, ufed with the particle in. " The llretching of a fpan buckles i» his fum of age." Sbak, To comb a wig in curls j t« prepare hair for taking a curl. To BU'CKLE, V. A. [back:,!, Tout.] t» hend or bow under a weight, ufed with under. Figuratively, to bend one's inclinations, to ap- ply, or attend tu. BU'CKLER, S, [buccLr, Brit. i>oucner, Fr. buckler, Dan.] a large piece of defenfive ar- n;our, buckled to the arm, and ufed by the an- cients tj defend their bodies from the blows or dans of the enemy ; being found cumbei- fome, they were changed for thsihield, which is of lefs dimenfions. BU'CKRAM, S. [hougram, Fr. bucherame, Ital,] a coarfe cloath m^dsof hemp, gummed, calendered, and dyed ; ufed by taylors to ftiffera their garments ; and by packers to wrap up cloths, fer.,es, Gfc. They are fometimes made of old fheets or pieces of fails gummed. BU'CKRAMS, S. [{o called from being brov;fed by the goat, cilled bivch in WclchJ ill Botany, the fame as the wild sarlic. BU'CKTHORN, S. [from buce, Sm. the belly, and thorn. Sax. a prickly bu(h ; from its purgative quality of cleanfing the belly] in Bo- tany, a plant called rbamnus, Lat. and ncrpi-uir.^ Fr. It is ranged by Linnieus in the firft [tit of his fifth clafs. There are four fpecies. " BU'COLIC, S. [from (33ux:X=ai, to feed cat- tle, fiw^toXoc, Gr. a herd fman ] pafroral poe- try, fuppoied to be the moft ancient fpscies of poetry, to hsve had its original in Sicilv, amidft the mirth and diverfions of fhepherds, to have been i^fpired by love, and owing to leifure. Theocritus is the mo.1 famous v.-riter in this fpecies amon^: the Greeks ; but is fuppofed to be too coaric in his txpreflions and (enti- ments. Virgil copied him in Latin ; bur has run into the otlier extreme of bein^ too polite. Mr. Pope has followed him too cloff to be look- ed on as an original, and has copied his polite- nefs too nearly nut to be involved in the fame eenfure. Spencer indeed fcems to have been as great a mafter in this as allegorical poetry ; his language, his fentiments are the exa£l copies of innocent fimplicity, and his pailorals, by keeping a due m^.m between the c; arfe rufticity of Theocritus, and th: elej.ince of Virgil, have carried this fpecies of poetry to as hii,h a degree of perfection as can be ex- pc£ted. It would be .1 piece of '.■ijuftice if Mr. Gay fhoulJ not be mcntionel together with Spenfer, when he poilefles {o much of his fpirir, and ha? fo apreebly imitate.! hit manner. Phillips has alfo excelied in thij fpecies of writing. BUD, S. \^'We, Be!g. hauUr., Fr.] in Fo- tany. BUG lany, the fmall fwellings or prominences on the bark of a tree, which turn to ihoots, &c. Among Gardeners, it denotes the firft tops of fallad plants ; and in Hufbandry, a weaned calf of the firft year, being fo named from the budding of its horns. Figuratively, the beginning, firft appearance, tender and im- mature ftate of a thing. To BUD, V. N. to fwell with perns or little prominences. Applied to vegetables, to put forth fhoots. Figuratively, to be in the iloom of youth. " Young iWJ.V.'^ virgin." Shjk:ff>. Aftively, in Gardening, to ino- culate, by inferting a l/ud into u tree. " Im- proved, by budding upon a peach ftock." temple. BU'DDLE, S. a place where miners wafh their ore to fit it for the furnace. BUDGE, Adj. fliff; furly ; formal. «« Thcife h:,d?e doflors of the f oicks." Mut. BU'DGET, S. [hcvgette, Fr. holgia, Ital. hilig, Sax.] a fmall bag ; that which is con- tained in a budget ; a Aore or ftock. " The fox's whole budgtt of inventions failed him." U'Efirange. BUFF, S. [from lufjlo'] the hide of a ¥uf}'alo dreii'ed in oil, afier the manner of ftia- jnois ; any Ikin drcilcd after the fame manner as buff. BU'FFALO, S. [Ital.] in Natural Hiftory, a wild animal, longer and higher, but in moft other refpe£ts like an ox. BUTFET, S. [baffetto, or bufetit, Ital. hofetadiSy Span.] a blow on one lide of the head given with the fill. Figuratively, indig nity, profecution, or jiardfhip. '•' A man that fortune's buffctisnd rewards haft taken." Sbakefp. BUTFET, S. [i^fcae, Fr.] a kind of cup- board or clofet formed with an arch at the top, and furniflieJ with ftielve?, ufed to|lJce china and plate in for {how and oinament. To BUTFET, V. N. [from the noun, iuffeter, Fr.] to ftrike on the head with tlie handj to box. Figuratively, to ftrike any thing forcibly with the hand. " Buffetting the billows." Ufed neuierly with the panicle for, to box, or fight with the fifts. " If I might buffet for mv love." Shskefp. BUTfETER, S. [from ^«j?Iy and rr] one •who fights with his fifts ; a boxer. BU'FFLE-HEADED, Adj. that which has a head like a buffalo. Figuratively, dull, ilupid. BUFFOO'N, S. [hcuffon, Fr. huffone, Ital.] •ne who endeavours to excite laughter by low jefts, and antic poftures } a mcrry-andrew, a jack-pudding. BUFFOO'NERY, S. the ufing low jefts, ridiculous pranks, or fcurrilous mirth, in order to extort a laugh from the company. BUG, S. [from bug, Brit, bcgau, RufiT.] an infecl of a roundifh ftat form, a daikifh red colour, which breeds in houftiold ftuff and beds, blifters where it bites, is produced from B U L a nit, and ftinks when killed. LikcwrCe i flying inledl formed like a beetle, and named a Ma-i-Lug, or Mt>y-fy. BUG, or BU'GoEAR, S. [from pug. i da;mon or devil] an objedl which raifts ter- ror j a walking fpedire ; aghoft; generally pplied to the imaginary terrors ufed to frighten children. BU'GCINESS, 5. [hom buggy and «/jJ infefted with bugs. BU/GGY, Adj. abounding with hugs. BU'GLE, or BU'GGLE-HORN, S. [of bti^an, Sax. to bend, or bucula, Lat. a heiferj a fmall bending horn ; a hunting hor-n. EU'GLE, S. a ftiining bead, Jf a cylindri- cal form, and made of glafs. To BU'iLD, V. A. [the preter, 1 kuUt, or have built ; from b'lldcn, Belg.] to make or raife houfes, Sec. Figuratively, to raife on any thing as a fupport or foundation. " Love built on beauty, foon as beauty dies." Dor.tre, BU'jLDER, S. [from ouild and er, oi •zv-tr, S^x. a man] one who conftrudls or raifes houfes. Sec. BU'ILDING, S. a fabric or place ereftcd for fhekcr from the weather, for dwelling, or lor the purpofes of reli.ion, fecurity, or mag- nificence. Building, r, ufed in its piimajy fenfe, for the art and a£l of raifing e>iifices, BUL, S. [from tke Heb. to flow, or pour down] the name of the eif^hth mon h in the Jewifh calender, anfwerinp to Oiflober, fo named from the he-ivy ftiowers wiiich fell in this month. " In the eleventh year in the month /?«/." I Kings vi. 38. BU'LAFO, S. a mufical inftrument ufed by the negroes of Guinea. BULB, S. [bulbus, Lat of /ioX|?o;, Gr.] in Botany, a thick root, nearlv round j of which there are two fpeci^s. 1. The tunicaled, or coated, a. The (quamous, or fosJy. BULB A'CEOUS, Adj. the fame as bulbous, but not fo proper. BU'LBOUS, Adj. that which refembles or contains a bulb ; that which has a round root. BULLFINCH, S. {bogjlmh, Dan. blutfnck, Teut. i. e. hloodjinch] a long bird, fo called from its red colour ; it is remarkable for its imitating wind mufic, particularly the fla- geolet. To BULGE, V.N. [originally wrote /^i/^^, which fignified the lower part of a (liip, fiom bilig. Sax.] to fpring a leak by ftriking the bottom on fome rnck or place which makes a hole, or forces oil fome of the timber, ap- plied to a ftiip ; to founder. To ftick or jut out, ufed with the particle from. " Timber that i«/^ts_//ow its bottom." Moxon, BU'LiMY, [/ScyXiy.tt, frorr &ov, fignifying large, or great, and hiy-oi;, Gr. hunger] \n Medicine, an enormous appetite, attended with faintings and coldnefs at the extieme parts. BULK, S. {bulcke, Bdg. the bread, or large part of the human trame ; bulla, Span, the fuim, ftaiure, or fize of the body] fize, dirtien- lions. B U L Ions. VkA with the word ptcfle, &c. ths gteateft part, and I'ometimes the vulsir. ** Thefe wife men difagree from the ou.'k of the people." FreehoU. No. 51. The human frame. " It did fcem to (halter all his hulk." Slmkefp. Applied to a (hip, (he whole fpace iu the hold for the ftowage of goods ; like- wife the cargo. To /'reak bulk, is to open or unload any part of the cargo. BULK, S. [from bhkU, Belg. a beam, ijick, Tcut.] in BuiWing, a part of a building piojecling from the window, like a table, and ufed either for placing commodities on, by way of (liovv j or fur porters to pitch their bur- thens. BU'LKINESS, S. [from bully and nefs] the largenefs of a thing ; the greatiiefs of Uze j er dimenfinns. BU'LKY, Adj. of great fizeor ftature. BULL, S. [boJ.'e or bul, Belg.] the male of black cattle, kept generally for propagating the fpecics ; any thing made in the torm ot a bull. In Aftronomy, one of the twelve (ignr of the Zodiac, into which the fun enters in April. A blunder or contradidion. " It iv what the Englilh call a bull in the expj-eiJion." BULL, S. [buHe, Fr. bulla, Lat. a feal, or round dropj which was worn by the young nobility of Rome round their necks ; and the edifts of the popes, bsing fealed wi,h lead in that form hanging from the parchment, obtained the fame name] in Ecclefiaftic Hi- flory, an inftrument made out at the Roman or pope's chancery, fealed with lead, and of the fame nature with the edifts of fecular princes. The feal prefents on one fide the heads of St. Peter and Sr.^Paul, and on the other, the name of the pope, and the year of his pen'.ificate. BULL, Adj. in compofition like the |iar- ticle ^lu in Greek, fometimes deno'es large- ncfs, as bull bead, and in fuch cafes Is not to kc looked on as derived from the Englifli noun, but from the Creek particle. BU'LL-BAITING, S. [from bull and ka'tt-^ of baton, Sax. to beat or fightj the worrying or teazing a bull, by fetting dogs on him. BULL-DOG, S. a fpecjes of dogs of a ftrong make, round head, noted (or never quitting i's hold, whenever it h;? (aliened, and ufed in baiting bulls, which they generally feize by the nofe, and pin to the ground. BU'LLET, S. bculet, Fr. a diminutive of hcule, fignifying a little ball] an iron or leaden ball or (hot, ufed to load guns with. Accord- ing to Mr. Derham, a bullet (hot out of a great gun flies a mile in a I'ttle above feven- tecn half feconds, and reckoning the fun's diftance 86,oi;i,3q8 Englifh miles, would be thirty-two years and an half in its pali'age to it, in its tuU force. Rtd-bot bullets arc heated in a forge, and ufed to fet a place on fiie, con- taininjj combuftibles. HtUtiu bullets, are made BUM cylindricsl, with an opening and Fufe'e »t rmt end, which giving fire to the infide, when in the ground it burfts, and has the (ame eft'eft as a mine. Chain bullets, are two bullet* joined by a chain thr.-e or four feet lo«»g. Branch bullets, two balls joined by a bar of iron five or fix inches apart ; and t",vo Leaded bul- lets, named likewife anjjles, are the two halves of a bullet joined by a bar or chaiu j they arc chiefly ufed in fea-fights, to cut the rigging, ma(ts, &c. BU'LL HEAD, S. figuratively, s ftupii perfon. In Natural Hi(lory, a filh ciUed lilir- wife the miller's thumb ; its head is broad ani flat, difproportionable to its body. BU'LLION, S. \_billon, Fr. bafe money, billon, Span, metal to make money ofj goi.i and filver in the mafs, neither wrought nor coined ; fo named either when they are firft mrlted from the ere, or after they are refinei and cait into ingotf, or bars. BU'LL-TROUT, S. [from bull, implying t;reit, and trout] a fpecies of trout abounding in Northumberland, exceeding thole of the fouth both in length and in breadth. BU'LLY, S. [from bull, becsufethofe wha were intru(ted with the pope's bulls, ufed to beh >ve in a proud, haughty or infolent man- ner] a perfon who makes ufe of threatening expreiTions, and infolent behaviour, with great (hew of courage, but poflefTed of great cow- ardice. In low language, ufed for a perfofi who attends a lirumpet, efpoutes her quarrclf and protedls her from thofe whom (he has pro- voked to give her a drubbing. To BU'LLY, V. A. to behave with nolfy infulence and perfonated courage, in order to frighten a perfon into any meafures or compli- ance. BU'LRUSH, S. [fromii///, implyinglarge, :md r:,y2)] a large ru.fh, growing iii the fea, liver;, and in moift places. BU'LWARK, S. [bohvird; Belg. bclU iverck. Sax. boulevard, Fr. bokardo, Ital.] a icrtification or baflion. Figuratively, a fecu- r.ty or prote>Slion. BUM, S. [bimmk, Belg.] that part of the uorteilors on which a perfon fits. Ufed in compofuion, to conv:y the idea of reproach, or foTicthing low and defpicable, as in the fol- lowing word, hum bailiff. BU'M-BAILIFF, S. a perfon employed to execute a writ, or arreft a perfon j a bailifi' of the meaneft fort. BU'MKIN, S. {bromken, Belg. from boom, a tree, znA ken, a diminutive particle, imply- ing, whenaJded, a logger lead \ a perfon wl>9 has not had the benefit of a polite education, but is grofs in his conceptions, rude or unpo- liftied in his behaviour, and void of experi- ence with refpedt to the world j a ruftic, or clown. BUMP, S. [perhaps from iawj a Ave lling occafioned by a blow. To BUMP, V. A. to kick a perfon, or fttike BUN Jlrike with the knee in the breech. To make a loud nolle, applied to that made by the bit- tern. BU'MPER, S, [from Icmme, Belg. a cOver or head of a calk, becaufe the liquor covers the brim of a ghfs, in the fame manner as the head does the cafk ; or a corruption from hon fere, it being cuftomary in Italy to drink the pope's health in full glaflesj a cup or glafs, filled up to the briin, or as full as it can hold. EU'MPKIN. See BUMKIN. BUNCH, S. \hugno, Ital. a knot or fwell- ing ; huncker. Ban. the crags of a mountain] any prominence, hard knob, or fwelling rifing above the furface of a thing. Many things of the fame kind growing together. A clufter. applied to vegetables. Several things colledtcd or tied together at one of their extremities. *', Bunch oi keys." Locke. To BUNCH, V. A. to grow? in knobs or protuberances. To fwell, ufed with cut. *' Bunching out into a large round knob." Wotdnv. BU'NCH-BACKED, Adj. having bunches on the back; hump-backed; crooked, owing to the diflocation of the back or ihouider bone?. BU'NCHINESS, S. [from ian<-,?>j and rf/i] the quality of beit g uneven with refpeft to furfac^ ; growing in knobs or clufters, op- pofeH to fmoothnefs. EU'NDLE, S, a parcel of goods,.or coller. tion of things lied or wrapped together, in- cluding the fccondary idea of being eafily port- able. * To BU'NDLE, V. A. to tie or wrap feve- Tal things together. Fi^'irativeiy, to be in- cluded or rolied^ed together j Co be compre- hended or connefted. BUNG, S. \birg, Brit, hcmm, Belg.] a ftopple of wood, coik, £ff. for the bung-hole of a csftc. To BUNG, V. A. to flop a barrel clofe at its largeft vent, or hole. BU'NG-HOLE, S. a large round hole in a barrel, by which it is filled. To BU'NGLE, V. N. to perform any thing in a clumfy, aukward manner. Ufed actively, to botch. Figuratively, lo palliate grofsly, joined with the particle up. " But feams are coarfely hungled up and feen." Dryd. BU'NGLE, S. a botch ; an aukward and clumfy performance. BU'NGLER, S. a bad woikman; one V'ho does a thing in an ignorant, aukward, or clumfy manner. , BU'NGLINCLV, Adv. [from burg'.'mg and ly"] in. a bad, clumfy, ignorant, or auk- vvard m?nner. BUNN, S. [iiinmieh, butiKilo, Span.] in Pafliy, a cake compofed of yeaft, flour, and carrsway feeds. BL'NT.S. fccrrupt'd, according to Skin- Bcr, lrv,m //«•'] the inidcle p.ut of a fail form- BUR ed into a hafr, or pouch, that it may contain more wind, ^Bur.t-lires are fmall lines faftened to the foot, and reeved through little blocks feized to the yard, ferving to hoift up th*bunt of the fail, that it may be furled with greater eafe. To BUNT, V. N. to fwell, ufed with the particle out. BU'NTER, S. [a cant word] a womao who picks up rags in the fireet. Ufed figu- ratively, as a term of reproach, to convey the idea of a diriy, nafty, mean, and low-lived creature. BU'NTING, S. a bird of the lark kind. BUOY, S. [pronounced hoy, from houee, or hoye, Fr. hoya. Span.] a piece of wood or cork, and fometimes an empty barrel, well clofed, floating on the water, tied to a cable faftened to the bottom of the fea, in order to inform pilots and mariners where anchors are rlropped in the harbours, where the wrecks of fhips are funk, together with fhallovv places, fand banks and other impediments. The v.a^ buoy is made of a piece of a maft or other piece of wooH, which {lands out of the water. Buny is fometimes ufed for a fea mark, which fhews the dangers of difScult p.iffsges. To BUOY, V. A. [pronounced %] to raife above the furface of the water; to keep sRoat, Figuratively, to keep any principle or thing from fubfiding, or finking under op- prefTion. " Preib)tery wa? lately buoyed up in Scotland by the like artifice." King Cha'ki. To caufe a thing to afcend by its fpecific lightnefs. " Heat enough in the air t'j continue its jfcent, and buoy it up.^' Neu- terly, to f.oat. Figurarively, to furmount o» get the better of all difficuliies and impedi- ments. " Rifing merit will ^«oy «//> at laft." Pcpe. BUOY'.* NCY, S. the quality of floating ; or that quality which prevents a thing from fubfidinu'i finking, or defcending. BUOV'ANT, Adj. that which keeps a thing floating ; liaht ; that which will not fi-^ik. Figuratively, that which animates, or keeps from dejection. " His vivid nerves fo full of buoyant fplrits " Thomjon. BUR, EOUR, BOR, in the names of places, ate derived from bur. Sax. which figni- fies an inner chamber, or place for retirement and refrefliment. BUR, or BURDOCK, [bardane, Fr.] a plant which produces a head covered with prickles, fomewhat like the briftles of an hedpe-hog, which flicks wherever it is caft. BU'REOT, S. [from bur, barbate, or bar. bache, Fr. j a river fiJh full of prickles. BU'RDEN, S. [fpelt more properly bur- then, o( byrtben, £jX. i>urde, Teat, burr., Brit.] a load, fuppofed to be as much as a man or horfe can carry. Figuratively, a difficnity, opprefTlon, affliflion, or any thing that afTefls a per.'bn with weaiinefs, or becomes irkfomej liie number of tons, or weight a Ihip can cany BUR carry. In Trade, applied to flee!, iSo lb. Weight, In Mufic, the drone or bjfs of an organ, bagpipe, ('■i'c. vid the pipe or ftring which founds it ; hence the words, which ate lepeated at the end of every ftanza, are called the i'urthen of a fong. To BU'RDEN, to load; to incumber, or put a perfon to great expence. BU'RDENER,S. [(rom hurdenin6tr]or\e. who loads. Figura'ively, an opprelfor. BU'RDENOUS, Adj. that which makes a load heavy. Figuratively, grievous, oppreflive, irkfome ; putting a perfon to great expence, without being of any firvice to him. BU'RDENSOME, Adj. [from burden and f'>ne] applied to a very prefTing load on the body, f iguritively, applied to affliflions, or the trouble one perfon gives anocher, affliding the mind with great anxiety and diftrefs. BIJ/RDENSOMENESS, S. [homhurdir, fome and rufs, oi nejfe, Sjx ] applied to loads, weight or heavinefs. Figuratively, applied to calamities and inconvenicncies. BUREAU', S. [Fr, pronounced buro] a cheft of drawers, with thf? top floping and furnilhed with pidgeon-holes tokeep writtings in. BURG, S. See BURROW. .<tc. BU'RGAGE, S. [{xom hu,g, o: hurrcio'] in Law, a tenure proper to citiei and hoiough towns, whereby lands are held of the king or other lord at a certain vearly rent. ^ BU'RGAMOT, S.\bcrgaim:ie, Fr.] a fpe- cies of mellow juicy pear. BU'RGEOIS, S. [pronounced ia;y»/i, Fr.j a fmall type ufed by printers. BUR'GESS, S. [hurgeoh, Fr.] an inhabi- tant of a borough or city j or a reprefentative of a borough town in parliament. BU'RGHER, S. [from burg and iv^r. Sax. a man] one who has the right of a citi- zen, or a vote for a parliament-man. BU'RGHERSHIP, S. [from burgher and fcypyHtr fcype, Sax.] the dignity, privilege, or effice of a burgher. BU'RGLAR, S. [See BURGLARY] one who is guilty of the crime of houfe- breaking. BU'RGLARY, S. [oi burg, Sax.ahoufe, and larron, Fr. a thief] in Law, a felonious breaking and entering a perfon's houfe in the nighr-time, v/ith an intent to commit fome felony, whether it be executed or not : If the offence happen in the day-time, it is then called hcuje breaking, by way o' diftin£lion. A rewird of 40I. is given for apprehending perfons guilty ( ' this crime, by 5 Ann. c. 51. BU'RGOk.iSTER, S. [m.-ft properly fpelt burghermajlcr ; from borger, Belg. a bur gefs, and ireefer, Belg. a mefterj the chief magiftrate of the towns of Holland, Flanders and Gcrrnany, and anfwers to an alderman and Sheriff of London. BU'RGRaVE, or BURGCRAVE, S. [_burgg>aff, Ttnt, bog graef, qt grave, ht\^. BUR from burg, a town, and ^raff, or gra-ve, a count or lord] the herejitary governor of a caftle, or fortified town in Germany. BU'RfAL, .S. [fro.m bury] the interring or plaring a dead body in the ground. Figu- ratively, the placing any thing in the earth;- or underthe water. " We ute them for the /"Kru/i of natural bodies." Bacon. The/urial fer-vice is an office of the church, performed at the grave and interment of one of its mem- bers. BU'RIER, 5. [from bury and m] he that places or inters a corpfe in the grave,; Figuratively, that which removes any corpfe^ or other thing out of fight, " Darknefs be the burier of the dead." Sbak, Seldsrr* ufed. BU'RINE, S. [Fr.] a tool u(ed by engra-^ vers to make their marks, or eich on metals ; an engraving tool ; a graver. BU-'RLESQyE, 9. [burkrco, from burlare, Ital. tojeft] a aroll, ludicrous kind of poe'try, wherein both perlons and things are repre- fenced in fuch a ridiculous !;ght as to excitei laughter. To BU'RLESQUE, V. A. to turn to ridi- cule ; to reprjfcnt a perfon or thing in a ludi- crous and ridiculous mannsr. BU'RLY Adj. [fuppofed by Skinner to be derived from bo7r-likc, i. e. clownifh] tall or over-grown, applied to ftitire. Of large di- menfions, or very wide, applied to breadth. High founding, fwelling or pompous, applied to ftile. " The orator's own iuriy way of nonfenfe." Coioley, To BURN, V. A. [prefer, I burnt, or I have burnt ; barnan, hyman, SaX. brennet'., Teut. brenne. Ifl.J to confume or deftroy by fire ; to occaf'on a wound by fire, or any hot folid body. Neuterly to be on fire, to kin- dle. Figuratively, to fhine as if in flame. '' The barge, like a burnifhed throne, buritt on the water." Sbak, To be violently agitated^ or infljmed by paffion ; to make the cheeks glow with heat, or confume like latent f.re. " 'J'hat turning fhame detains him from his Cordelia." Sbak. To be hot. " L^ke 3 young hound upon a ^bri;.-;^ fcent." Dryd, BURN, S. a wound or hurt receivdfiom fire. BURNING, the adlion of firi on fome fuHilarice, whereby the minute parts are for- ced from each other, put into violent motion, and fom^ of them affuming the p.aturc of fird themfclvcs, fly off to their prop.er fphere, while others either afcend in vapours, or are reduced to afhes. Figuratively, fianie or fire. BURNING-GLASS, S. a conve.< gl.!fs v.'hich ci>lle£tsthe rays of the fun into a point, where wood, or other combuftiblc ma^tcrbeing (laced, is fet on fire. As a virood fire is 45 times greater than that of the fummer- fun, a gLfs muft condenfc the r.iys of light J5 times to burn. Ths buniing-glafjis tn^ii ot koking-glafles are much more powerf'il thin thofc made by lenfcs, or gUlFes thst N trar.faait Bur traarmit the rays of light threugh them.' To BU'RNISH, V. A. [brunlr, Fr.J to poli(h any fubftance fo as to m!.k.e it fliine. Neuterly, to grow bright or glo^y j toihine •with fplendor. BU'RNISKER, S. [from iumifo and er] one who burnlfhes or polifhes ; an inltrurricnt ufed by polifliers. BU'RNISHiNG, S. the pollfliing metils to make them glofTy, or ffiining, BURNT, part, pafiive of iurn, BURR, S. [See BURJ the lobe, or lap of the ear ; likewife a fweet-bread of meat, efpe- cially that of veal. BU'RR-PUMP, S. a pump by the fide of afhip; called likewife a bilee-pump. BU'RRAS-PIPE, S. among Surgeon?, ufed to keep vitriol precipitate, or other corroding powders in. BU'RREL, [leurrr, Fr. butter] in Gar- dening, a fpectes of pear, called likewife the red butter fear, BU'RREL-FLY, S. {bowrehr, Fr. to tor- ture, fefc.] in Natural Hiftory, a winged in- fedl very troublefome to cattle, called likewife the ox fv, f ad-bee, or breexe. BU'R^REL-SHOT, S. [from iuneltr, Fr. to execute, andy^s.'] in Gunnery, a fort of cafe ihot, or fmail bullets, nails, flones, pieces of old iron, tfc. put into cafes, to be difcharged Irom a piece of ordnance. BU'RROCK, S. a fmall weir or dam in a river, wheie wheels are laid for caidiing fifli. BU'RROW, BERG, BURG, BO ROUGH, BURGH, S. [from iurg, or burig. Sax. a city, tower, or caflle, when joined with the names of placer, a fi^n or mark of their antiquity] a corporate town which fends mem- bers 10 parliament, and formerly applied, only to fortified places. The holes made in the ground by rabbets. To BU'RROW, [from hur, Sax. a hill or hiding place] to make holes in the ground like rabbets. BU'RSAR, S {hurfar'm, Lat. of turja, Lat. a purfe, bourficr, Fr ] an officer in a col- lege, who receives its monies, and keeps its accounts ; a treafurer. In Scotland, a ftudent feiit to the univerf.ties by each pi'efbytery. BURSE, S. [b-.uij!, Ft.burfj,L2U a purfe] an Exchange, or place where merchants af- femSle to rranfaft bufinefs. BURST, S. a feparation of the parts of a thing with viol- lue, and attended with noife, an explofion 3 a fiidden and violent action of any kind. To BURST, V. N. [preter I lurfi, haw hurfl, or buijlen ; from burjian. Sax. burjlen, Belg J to feparate, or fly afunder with vio- lence ; to quit, or break away, with the par- ticleyr.m. Ufed with in!}. " She burjl into teais." To come in fuddenly. " She ^ur/? into the room." To break, feparate, or difunite with fuddennefs and violencct BUS BURST, or BURSTEN, [paiticiple ti lurjl] in Surgery, applied to one who has a rupture. BU'RSTWORT, S, [from burJl )nd wort, of ivyrt, Sax. a plant or herb] in Botany, the hernia. To BURTHEN, V. A. 7,, B^TDncM BURTHEN, S. JSceBURDEN. This is the moft proper fpelling. BU'RY, S. [from bur, Sax. byr, 1(1. a houfe] a dwelling-place or houfe. Added to the Saxon names, implies, that a perfon or company refided or lived there: thus Alder- rr.anlury feems to intimate that the aldermen refided formerly in that place. To BU'RY, V. A. to inter a corpfe in a grave 5 to inter with funeral rites; to cover with earth. Figuratively, to conceal, or hide. BU'RYING-PLACE, S. a place fet apart for interring bodies; a church-yard. BUSH, S. \br^ih, Belg. bu^ck, Teut. bm^otty Fr.] a thick flirub. • To BUSH, to grow thick ; to grow in a great number clofe together. BU'SHEL, 5. [boi/eau, Fr. bufdlus, low Lat. J a dry meafure, containing eight gallons, or four pecks ; a great quantity ; derived from buftbd, Teut. a bundle. The bufheh of a cart •uihiel are pieces of iron, within the hole of the nave, to preferve it from wearing j of boucht, Fr. a mouth. BU'SHY, Adj, full of branches. Figura- tively, fhort, but growing in great numbers. BU'SILESS, Adj. [from bufy and lefs, of /^j/s. Sax.] without employ; at leifure. Fi- guratively, without the fatigue which attends bufinefs. " Mo^ bufilefs when I do it." Sbak. BU'SILY, Adv. [pronounced irx'Ty, from bu'y and (y] in an officious inqujfitive manner. With an air of feeming hurry from a multi- plicity of bufinefs. BU'SINESS, S. [pronounced bifnefs, or blx^ncfs, from bufy and w/i] employment ; a man's peculiar trade or profeflion ; affairs or concerns. After di, properly, fervice, advan- tage, or a means of attaining an end. " A per- petual fpring will not do their bufmefi.'''' Bent. To do a man's Luf.r.efi, is a low and familiar phrafe for killing, dcftroying, or ruining him. BUSK, S. (bujjue, Fr.J a piece of fteel or whalebone, worn at the ftomacherof a wo- man's ftays, in order to keep them in the pro- per form, and ftrengthen them. BU'SKIN, S. Ibujcktn, or bro/ker^ BeJg. borzaccb'wc, Ital.j a kind of fliort boot worn by the ancients, covering the foot and leg as far as the middle, laced or fattened before ; was worn by the dramatic performers in tragedy, anddiflinguifhed from the/ocA worn in comedy, which was of a thinner fole, and confequently lower. Figuratively, tragedy. BUSS, S. [bus, Ir. the mouth, boefen^ Belg. baifer, Fr.J a falute given by the lips j diftinguiihed from a kijs, which is given with a greater fliew of diftancc or ceremonious klnd- fe it T Wcfs. in Flfhery, a fmall veffel frettl 4? to 5o tons burden, ufed in the herring filhery. To BUSS, V. A. to falute a perfon with the lips, Figuratively, to touch. "You tower?, whofe wanton tops do hiifi the clouds." Sbaki BUST, S. [bujio, Ital.] in Sculpture, the figure of a perfon in relievo, containing only the head, fhoulJers, and ftomach, ufually pla- ced on a pedeftal or confole. The Italians ufc the term for the trunk of a human body, from the neck to the hips. BU'STARD, S. [lucctaM, ItaL] a wild turkey. To BU'STLE, V. N. to fet about a thing w th adiiity ; to make a great noife or itir about any thing. BU'STLE, S. a hurry of bufinefs j a noife or tumu't. BU'STLER, S. [from luftk ani cr, of •war, Sax. a man] an a£live> ftirring, induf- trious man. BUSY, S. pronounced bizy, or bijfy, from hufgtan. Sax. befich, Bclg.] engaged in any employment; aclive, diligent, officious. To BUSY, V, A. [lee the nounj to keep a perfon emploved ; to employ. BUSy-EODY, S. an officious perfon med- dling with the concerns of other people, offer» ing aHillance, and giving advice^ without be- ing aflted. BUT, Conj. [buton, bate, hutan, Sax.] when it diverts or breaks off the thread of » difcourle, fo as to purfue a different topic, it intimates a flop of the mind, and fignifies boiv- h:it. " But to fay no more." When applied to limit or rcftrain the fenle to what is exprelfed, exclufive of all ohers, it fignifies on/y. " I faw but two planets." When ufed to imply a thing to be otherwife than it fhould be, it fig- nifies ytt, or r.ci'Crthele s. *' You pray, hut it is not that Gud would bring you to the true religion." Joined with did or bad, it denotes or.'y. " £)f^ iz<r men confider." ^IiHit. After a coTDparative noun it has the force of than. "■ No fooner up, but he privately opened the g.tte." Guaid, No. 167. After the auxiliary verb be, pfeteded by a negative, it implies ctberivje than. " Jt canr.ot be but nature has fome direiftor." Hooker. Joined with /or, it implies luiihoui, or had it not been for. " And but fur mifchief you bad died for fpite." Diyd. After a negative, or a qucftion implying a ne- gative, it denores an exception, or except. " Who can it be, ye Gods, but perjured Ly- con." Smithes Fbad, BUT, S. [bout, Fr.] a limit, or boundary. In Sea Language, the end of any plank, which joins to another on the outfide of a (hip under water. BUT-EHD, S. the broad or blunt end of a thing, or the end on which it refts. BU'TCHER, S. [bouckcr, Fr.] one who kills, cuts up, and fells the tlelh of cattle in a market, or his own houl'e. Butcher is ufird Sjttratircljr for one who is of a barbarous dif- BUT pofition, delights in murder, or the flaughtef of mankind. " Con-^uerors for the moft part are but butchers of mankind." l^ocke. To BU'TCHER, V. A. to flay or kill a bead-. Figufative'y, to murder one of the hu- man (pecies in a barbarous and cruel manner. BU'TCHER's-BROOM, S. in Botany, the knee-h'Af. BU'TCHERLY, Adv. [from butcher and lyl in a cruel, barbarous, or bloody manner. BUTCHERY, 3. the trade of a butcher, Figurativi-ly, the commifTion of murder, at- tended with exceffive cruelty j cruelty ; bar- barity, BU'TLER, S. [formerly fpelt A9,v;7fr, that is, one who fills bottles, bcuteiUier, Fr. bottig' Herff Ital.] a fer^int who has the care of the win;' and other liquors ufed in a family. BUTLE'RAGE, S. the duty upon wines imported, clji-ned bv the king's butler. BU'TLERSHIP,'S. [hom butkr and/^i/] the office of a butler. RU'rMENT,S, \abouiement, Fr.] in Ar- chit;<fture, fupporters on, or againfi which, thefeepof an arch reft: likewife the little places tiken out of the yard or ground plot of an houfe for a butiery or fcullery. BUTT, S. [butie, bytii, Ssjc. bu'^e, Belg. and Teut, botte, Ital. a caikj a veifel cr bar- rel, containing 126 gallons cf wine, 108 of beer, and from K; to 22 cwt. of currants. BUTT, S. [bout, Fr.] the place or mark which a perfon is to hit in fnooting. Figura- tively, the point or objeft to wh'ch any per- fon's meafur.es aremsdeby a pufli in fencing; a perfon who is the objedl of ridicule to a wi'hole company. To BUTT, V. A. [bctttn, Belg. to beat or ftrike] toftri.ke or give a blovv with the head, applied to the method of attack ufed by a ram* BU'TTER, S. [buttere, Sax. bole-, Belg. butter, Teut. butyrum, Lat. j a f.Tt and un<fluou3 fubllance made trom cream by churning. Suf- folk being a rich foil, it is famous fdr very good butter. To BUTTER, V. A. to fpread, or pour butter Upon any thi.lg. BU'TTER. BUR, in Botany, the petd- fites. This gentjs is ranged by Linnasus in the 2d fe£lion of his ig'h cUi's. BU'TTER-FLOWER, S. in Botany, a yellow fiower, with which the fields are co- vered in May. BUTTER -FLY, S. [butter-fe^e, Sax, but- ter fiege, Teut. beter-vitlge, Belg,] in Natu- ral Hillory, a beautiful inl'ed, produced from an egg, ernca-worm, cate/pillar, and nymph, or aurelia. The wonders of the different ftages before itfrrives to its maturity, and the profufion of fplendor which appears in itt ftrufturc, when arrived to the butter fly ftate, would require too much room to expatiate oil here. BU'TTERISS, S. inF;irr;ery, an inflru- ment of fteel, fet in a wooden handle, ufed in l^ 4 pariot BUY. pariog the foot, or cutting the hoof of a horfe. BUTTER-MILK, S. the whey feparated from the cream in making butter. BUTTER PRINT, S. a piece of carved w:iO(1, ufrd to mark butter, BU'T FER-WORT, S. [from butter and •wort, of luytt, Sjx. a plant] in Botany, a plant called likewife lhe/i?n?f/*. BU'TTERY, Adj. having the appearance or qiulitics of butter. BU'rTERY,S.[from/)H»£r] a room where buiier or oilier provifious are kept. DU'TTOCK., S. ffuppofed by Skinner to fee deiived from bout var been, Belg. the bolt o! the bones ; or from bout, Fr. the extremity J the broad, thick, flefhy part of a man,ot hcaft, joining to the hip. The buttock of a fhip is her full breadth right a-ftern. BL'/fTON, S. [butiiun, Brit, bcut'.n, Fr. hottor.e, ital.j a fniall flattilh round ball made of metal, or wood covered with filk or hair, fewed to the cloaths to t'aften any part of drefs together. Figuratively, a knobor ball. In Bo tiny, the round head o^ a plant ; a bud. In Carpentry, a piece of wood moving upon a r'il or fcrew ufed to keep a door dofe. In Sniithery, a brafs knob of a lock ferving to open or (hut a doo'-. In Natural Hiftory, the ka-urchin, a kind of crab-fifh, with prickles inftcad of feet. To BU'TTON, V. A. to few buttons on a garment ; to clofe or fallen the parts of a garment together with buttons. Figur.:tively, to indole. " Whofe heart is button d up with fted." Shake^p. BUTTON HOLE, S. the hole made in a garment to receive and faflen tke button in. BU'TTRESS, S. [from abcuter, Fr.] in Architedlure, a kind of butment ferving to prop or fuppori the fides of a building, or wall. Figuratively, a prop, or fupport of any opinion or caufe. To BU'TTRESS, V. A. to prop, fupport, or fecure from falling. EU'XOM, Adj. [bocjum, Sax. from bugan, Sax. to bend] obedient ; tradable. Figura- tively, void of rtfittance, yielding or giving way. "He with broad fails — winnow'd the kuxtm air." Far. Loft. Gay, lively, brifk, wanton, jolly. BU'XOMLY, Adv. [from buxom and /y] of lice, Sax. implying manner] in a wanton, lively, gay, or amorous manner, BU'XOM^ESS, S, wanton, gay, or amo- rous. To BUY, V, A. [pronounced by, from Hegian, Sax. part. bokte\ to purchafe a thing by money, or the exchange of any other com- modity. Figuratively, to exchange one thing for another. " PKafure and praife, with dan- ger they would iwy." Denne. To bribe, or CL-rrupt by biibery. " DilFuade, or bt.y ofi' confcience." i^ouih. BUYER, S. [from buy and er"] he that put chafes a thing with money, d^c. B Y P To BUZZ, V. N. [ijxxw, Teut. togrowlj to hum, or make a noife like bees, flies or wafps. To BUZZ, V. A. to whifper, Ufed with abroad, to divulge, publifh, or fpread a report or rumour, BUZZ, S. the humming found of bees; a whifper, or talk. BU'ZZARD, S. \bufard, or h,fe, Fr. hujhard, or buferf, Teut. buxKago, Ital.] a degenerate kinj of hawk. Figuratively, a per- fon of mean parts; a blockhead, or dunce. BU'ZZER, S. a fecret whifperer, or one who endeavours by falfe rumours to alienate the affections of another. BY, Prep, [big, Sax. bi, Sax. and Goth. ba, Perf. bey, Teut. by, B«lg.] after words fignifying action, i: implies the agent, caufe, means, manner, and is ufed after verbs neu'er, for the irvftrument. After quantity it exprefTea the proportion. At the end of a fentence, it implies imitation, or confortnuy. '' A model to build others by" Arhuth. After an adjeftive of the comparative degree, it denotes the difference, " Shorter i_y the head." Applied to place or fituation, it denotes wfa'-nf/i. Joined to the pronouns himjVf, herfelf, &c. it figni- fies the exchifion or abfence of all others. After keep, it fignifits plJJ'eJJion, or ready for ule. " He kept fome of the fpirit by him.." Boyle. In forms of fwearing, it .'ignifies a particularizing, or fpecifying the objeft. Uled adverbially, it fignifies near, or at ifmall diftance, applied to place. Poffir.g, applied to motion; and prejence when ufed with be. " I will not be by," Shakefp. By and by, fignifies a niort time, or fliortly, Ufed fubftantively, for fomething which is not the direft or im- mediate objeft of a»perfon's regard ; generally ufed with the prepofition by, " By the iy." Dryd. This word is commonly wrote bye, and as it diftinguifhes it from the prepofition, (hould be generally adopted for the fake (A perfpicuity. BY, or BYE, in Compofition, implies fomething out of the dire£t way, as by-road^ fomething irregular, private, or felfi(h, as by- end; fomething private, oppofed to that which is by public authority, as a by latv, BY-END, S. private, or felf-intcreft, op- pofed to public fpirit, and conveying an idea of reproach, BY'GONE, Adj. part, peculiar to the Scotch. " The ^^'^oreday." Shakejp. BY-LAW, S. a law made by corporations or court-leets for the better goverrment of ci- ties, (^c. in cafes which are not provided for by the public laws, but no ways oppofite or contrary to them. BY-MA^TTER, S. fomething which la accidental, and has no conneifion with the main fubjeifl. BY-PAST, Adj. part, peculiar to the Srotch. " Three hundred years by faji." Cheyiie, Wi' PATH, CAB BY'- PATH, S. a private path, oppofed to a public path. ■* BY'-ROAD, S. an unfrequented road. BY''. WAY, S. a private and obfcure way. BY'. WORD, S. [bi-ivord, Sax..] a faying, proverb, or term of reproach. BY'ZANTINE, S. [from Byxanthm] a wedge or bar of gold, valued at 15/. which the king offers on receiving the facrament on Chriftmas-day ; and is.called likevvife a byxant, from a piece of gold coined by the emperors of Byzantium or Confbantinople. CThe third Utter, fuppofed by fome to 1^ have been borrowed from the He- •' brew ^ inverted thus ^, or from the Grecian x. j but as both our language and aiphabet feem entirely to be formed on the plan of the Anglo-Saxon, we may be allowed to aflert that it is borrowed from thet, wh ch is the third letter of their alphabet as well as ours, has the fame found, and in their fmall characters was written in the fame form, as It is at prefent by ourfelves. It is founded by preffmg the breath between the tongue, raifed to the roof of the mouth near the palate, and the lip open. Before the vowei' tf, 0, u, and all conj'onauts, it is pronounced hard, though fomewhat fofter than the k, as in cage, cat, cut,; but before /, e, andj', it has a found like the /, but fomewhat more fliarp, as in ch, cell, cyder \ before an h, it has a peculiar fount), between the hardnefs of the k and the foftnefs of the /, as in chain, cheefe; but in words derived frorrvthe French, it is founded like an/, before h, as in chatje, chicane, which are pronounced jhalfe, fn'icar.e. It has been cuftomary to add a k to it, when it comes at the end of words, as in lo^ick ; but moderns feem now to have dropped it as ufelefs, writing /o^!>, critic, tnujlc, &c. which is certainly to be commended, not only as be- ing more .igreeabie to rhe etymology of word> derived from the Lruin, but likewife con- firmed by the practice of the Anglo-Sax ons, from whom we have borrowed the bsll part of our language. Ufed as a figure, ii l>and« for 100, and when double CC, aoo When placed before a name, it (ignifies Caius, Co-Jar, Sec, Wi'h Roman Lawyers, it f)[;nified to condmt/!, from condemno. See A. V/hen double, it fignified con uU. In Commerce, it is ufed by merchants to mark their books. In Mufic, it denotes the higheft part of a thou- rough bafs. C.VBAL, S. See CABALA. CA'BaL, S. \cabaler, Fr.] a body of men united in fome defign to dillurb or change the adminiflration of a Ihte, diftinguiflied from f'Orty, in the fame degree as _/:to from wary. i''it;uratively, an intrigue or plot to iiUcodutc a (.hange in an admiaiftratiun. CAB To CA'BAL, V. N. [cahLr, Fr.] to form plots.. CA'BALA, S. fChalJ. to receive by tra- dition from father to fonj any fentiment, opi- nion, ufjge, or explication of fcriptur', tranf- mitted from father to fun. The word Cabala is alfo applied to the abuTe of fome text of fcripture, whereby vifionaries pretend to dif- cover future events from the combinations of v.ords, letters, and numbers in the facred writings. CA'BALIST, S. a fed among the Jews who interpi-et fcripture. The Jews are di- vided into Karaites, and the R:tbbinifts or Talmudifts. Thele are again fub-divided into pure Rabbinifts, and the Cabalifls, who pre- tend to difcover hidden, myftical (enl'es, and mjke ufe of the Cabala, and its rules of in- terpretation. CABALl'STIC, or CABALISTICAL, Adj. fomething relating to the Csbalifts ; fomething myftical. CABA'LLER, S. [from cabal sni er] one. who enters into plots and intrigues to dil'urb and change the adminiftration of any govern- ment. CA'BBAGE, S. [chou, or chou cabus, Fr. cabaccio, Ital. kabuys, Belg.] in Botany, the hraftca, a kitchen plant with large flcliy and glaucus coloured leaves. Linnaeus ranges it ia the fecond feft, of his 15th clafs, joining the turnep, navew, and rocket to it ; and its fpecies are eight j. the varieties of the firft being eleven, and ihofe ot the third lort two. It is likewife a cant word among taylors for remnans of cloth which are not returned to their cufiomers. To CA'DBAGE, V. A. to defraud a per- fon of part of his cloth. CA''BIN, S. \caban QX chahin,'?>'.\t. cabane, Fr. ca^anna, Spnn. c-iganna, Ital. a little flraw hutj a liitle hut or cottage. On board a fhip, fmall apartments, of diH-'erent dimeafions for the officers to lie in. To CA'BIN, V. N. to live in a cabin. Fi- guratively, to live or lie in any narrow or imall places. "And cabin in a cave." Shak. CA'BINED, Adj. belonging to a cabin. Figuratively, narrow, or bflonging tj a bed- chamber. " From her faiiw\.'lu. p-hole peep." M'.lt. ' OA/BINET, S. {cabinet, Fr. cabinctio, Ital,] among Joineis, a kind of prefs or chert with fev ral doors and drawers for prelerving <uriofiiies, or keeping deaths. Figuratively, a room in which private confuliations ate held. Hence z cabinet council, is that which is held with great privacy, and wherein the mofl important articles, which concern a ilate, are determined. CA'SINET MAKER, S. one who makes cabinets, cherts of drawers, and other wooder» furniture tor chambers, or dining-zooms. CABLE, S. [call, Brit, cable, Fr. cahel, Belg J a thitk, large, llrong, three-nrand N 3 rope. GAD rope, from three to twenty inches In ilame^cr, fiflen-rd to an anchor to holrf the fliip when {he rides. When two pieces ot cable are fpliced tog.-iher, it is called ajhot of the ca'lt. CA'CLED, Adj. belonging tOjOrrefc.Tibling cables. Cab/ei f.ufes, in Architeflure, are thofe •which are filled up wiih pieces in the form of a cable. In Heraldry, a cahled crefi. is that which is formed of the two ends ot a /liip's cable. CA'BOCHFD, Adj. in Heraldry, th;: head of a bf-aft cut off behind the ears by a ftftion parallel to the face. CA'BURNS, S. fmall ropes ufed in a ihip. To CACK, V.N. [cacare, Lit. lick, Bel^;. a draining for want of breath] to unload the body by ftool. CA'CKLE, S. the noife made by a goofeor fowl. To CA'CKL", V. N. \kaeckehn, Belg. caccherare. or c^efka'are, Ital.] to make a nolle like a goofe ; ipplied l.'kcwife to that of a hen. Fiei r.'t velv, to laugh h -artilv. C -'CKLER, S. [fiom 'cackU and er] a fowl that cackles Figuratively, a perfon wlio (divulges a fecret ; a tell tale; a tatler. CA'COCHVMY, S. ffrom .naze;, bad, and yt/ucj, Gr. juiccj i.i Medicine, a vicious or Corrupt f'aie of the vital humours. CA'COTHONV, S. [Gr. from JtaKo;, Gr. bart, and <fa\y:. the voice] in Grammar and Rhetoric, tnc meeting together of letter?, fyilablef, or wor-is, v;hich form a harfh znA difagteeible found. CADA'VEROUS, Adj. feada-jer, Lat. a dead body, corpfe, or carcafe] haying the ap- peirance or qualities of a dead body. . CA'DDIS, S. a kind of tape or ribbon. In Katuril Killory, a kind of worm or grub found in a cafe of llraw, derived from cctJJi, Jiax. a bsg. CADE, Adj. fcft, tender, tame, delicate. In Huilandty, a cd.-', lamb, it one that is bred in a houfe; a houfe lamb. Hence /^ csJe, the verb, to bring up tenderly. CaDE, S. [cad'us, Lat.] a tag, cafk, or barrel. A cade of herrings, is a vefTtl contain- ing 500, and a caJi of fprats, 1000. CA'DENCE, S. [caderce, Fr. of cadens, Lat,] a fall, decline, or defcent. " Now was the fun in wef^ern caderce low." Pa-. i?,'?. In Mufit, cadmceis a certain reft either at the end of a fong, orof fume of its part:, into which It is divided, as into members or periods. Cadttce in Dancing, is when the feveral fttps and motions folhw or anfwer the different notes or mea.'iire of the mufic. CADE'T, S. [Fr.] the youn(;cr brother oi a family ; a volunteer in an army, who fcivc^ in expectation of a conimiffion. CA'DEW, or CADEWORM, S. [ot tadui, Lat. a carte] in Natural Hiftoiy, a kind of worms, which in time chanje into butter- flies. CA'DMIA; S, a rtcremc.it of copper ore C A L produced in furnaces, when th^t metal W Se- parated from its ore. CADU'CpUS, S. [Lat.] a fcepteror wand, entwined with two lerpents, borne by Mer- cury, as the enfign of his ofiice, C/E'CUM, S. [Lat. hid, or, blind] in .■\natoniy, one of the three portions of the laiger inttftines. C^/STUS, $. [Lat. from cedt, Lat. to beat] a large gauntlet made of raw hides, ufed in combais am^ng the ancients ; they were ftuJded with nails, or flrengthentrd with lead or plates of iron, and furrounded the hands, wrift, and arm, to guard them from blows, and prevent their being broken or diflccated. C^SU'RA, S. [Lat.] in Poetry, a figure whereby a fhort fyllablc at the end of a veife i: accounted long. • CA'FTAN, S. [Perf.] a Perfian veft or garment. CAGI>, S. {^age, Fr. g'':gg'>h I al.] an in- clofure of twigs or wire, in which birds are kept ; a place for wild beads, inclof^d wi;h pallifadces; a prifon lor ptople guilty of petty crimes. To CAGE, V. A. to inclofe or confine in a cage. To CA'JOLE, [caioler, Fr. gazxo'are, Ital.] 10 flatter, footh, or coax, including the tdea of dilTimulation. CA'JOLER, S. [from (ajok and «r] s flat- terer or wh-edler. CAISON, S. [Fr.] a cheft of bo.mbs or powder, laid in an enemy's way, to be fired on his approach. CAITIFF, S. \ch(t]f, Fr. catti-vr, Ttah a /lave] a crln-.inal v ho is guilty of meannefs j a delpicable contemptible villain. CAKE, S. \caccen, Biic. kuc^., Teut. loeck, Belg.] a rich kmd of baked bread, generally thin and round. Figuratively, anything com- pol'ed of flour and baked, made in a thin or flat;;ih furm. To CAKE, V. A. to harden like dough in the oven. CALABASH TREE, S. in Botany, a large tree growing from twrnty-thrce to thirty feet high. Ti.e fhells of the fruit are ufed by the ni groes for cuds. CALAMA'NCO, a kind of wcollen rtufi; with a glofly furface. CA'LAMINE, S. [Iap'<s ealan-Araris, Lat.] a hard heavy mineral fubftance, a^/pearing of a ftony nature, but a lax aod cavernous ftruc- ture, generally found in loofe mifl'rs, from the fize of a walnut to tho'^e of thiee poundi and upwards. CA'LAM:NT, S. {cjlamimha, Lat.] I'ti Botany, a fpecies of the r>:--lij/j or ^aurr, which glows natur.Oly in the mountains oj Tuf- cany. CALA'MITOUS, Adj. {culair.ifcfus, Lat. involved in misio-tune^; wrrtcheit 5 unfor- tunate j unhappy, opprefled with mil'ery, ap- plied Co pcifoos^ Fatal, noxiou;, uniAhole- 4 fome, C A L fome, or produftive of mifery, or diflrefs, applied to things. CALA'MITY, S. [calamitas, Lat. derived, according to Bacon, ftom calamus, a reed, or ftalk, that is, when the corn could not get out of the ftalk] a ftate of indigence, diflrefs, mi- fery, or wretchednefs, which deferves pity, and demands relief. CA'LAMUS, S. [Lat. a reed] in Botany, a reed, or fweet-fcented wood. CALA'SH, S. [cakebe, Fr.] a light four- wheeled, uncovered carriage, drove by the tra- veller himfelf. CALCEDO'NIUS, S. [Lat.] a precious ftone of the agate kind. CALCINA'TION, S. [calcination, Fr.] the renoering a body reducible to powder by means of fire, CALCINA'TORY, S. a velTel ufed in calcining. To CALCINE, V. A. [caldner, Fr. from calx, Lat, lime] to make a thing eafily pow- dered by means of fire ; to burn in the fire to a fubftancei which a fmall force will crumble ; to reduce to afhes ; to burn to a cinder. Fi- guratively, to confume or deftioy, CALCO'GRAPHY, S. [from xa\Ko;, brafs, and y^a^cc, Gr. to write] the art of enfsraving on brafs or copper-plates. To CA'LCULATE, V. A. lca!culcr, Fr. from calculus, Lat. a little ftone or bead ufed in arithmetical computations] to find out the value or amount of any thing by arithmetic ; to compute or find thefituationof thCpUnets 5 to contrive or adapt to a certain end. CA'LCULATION, S. an operation in a- rithmetic. Figuratively, a deduiftion of rea- fon ; the refult of an arithmetical operation. CALCULATOR, S. one who computes, or calculates. CA'CULATORY, Adj. belonging to cal- culation or computation. CALCULO'SE, or CALCULOUS, Adj. ftony, gritty ; having the ftone or gravel. CA'LCULUS, S, [Lat,] in Medicine, the ftone in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. Calculus I'lteralis, is the fame as algebra, fo called, becaufe letters are ufed in its opera- tions, inftead of figures. CA'LDRON, or CAULDRON, S. [pro- nounced cauldron, from chaudron, Fr. of call- dus, Lat. hot] a large veiTel to heat water, or drefs vifluals in ; a pot. CALEFA'CTORY, S. that which heats, or has the power of healing. To CA'LEFy, V. N. [calefio, Lat,] to grow hot ; to be heated. CA'LENDAR, S. [cakndanum, Lat. fo called from the Romans writing calinda in large charaflers, at the beginning of every month] a table containing the days, months, feftivals, (Sfc. happening in the year. The Roman calendar, from which ours is borrowed, was compofed by Romulus, who made the year confiftof no more than 364 days j Numa C A L Pompillus correfted his error, by making it confift of twelve lunar months of thirty and twenty-nine days alternately, which made 3';4 days 5 but being fond of an odd number, he added one day more, which made it 355 days ; and that the civil year might equal the fun's motion, he added a month every fecond year. Julius Csfar, as a farther im- provement, made the year confift of 365 days, and left the fix hours to form a day, at the end of every fourth year, which was added to the month of February. This calendar waj called the Julian, or the old ftile, in oppofi- tion to the new ftile introduced by Gregory Xlll. who finding the Julian gone too for- ward, cut ofFten days from the calendar ; and, to remedy this defeft for the future, left out one biffextile day every 100 years, making every fourth hundred a leap year. By aft of parliament, to remedy the inconveniencies a- rifing from the differences of ftyle, this king- dom adopted the Gregorian, or new ftyl?, by leaving out eleven days of the month oi Sep- tember in the year 1752. Cahndar, is like- wife the name of a machine, or hot-prefs, made ufe of to prefs, fniooth, or water manufac- tures of filk, wool, or linen. In Natural Hiftory, the word is applied to an infeft, which preys on corn, leaving nothing but the hu/ks, and giving the flour made of it a very bad tafle. To CA'LENDER, V. A. to fmooth, wa- ter, or drefs any manufacture in a hoi-preft, or calendar. CA'LENDARED, Adj. applied to corn devoured bv the calendar, an infeft. CA'LENDERER, S. [from calender and er'] one who preffes, fmooths, or watem ma« nufattures in a hot-prefis or calendar. CA'LENDS, S, [it has no finguUr, from calendte, Lat, j the fitft day of the month &- mong tjie Romans : they were reckoned back- wards thus, the firft day of February was cal- led the calends of February, the thirty-firft of January the fecondof the calends of February, and fo on to the 13th, when the ides com- menced. CA'LENTURE, S. [caleo, Lat.] in Medi- cine, an inflammatory fever, frequent at fea, CALF, S. [in the plural, calws, [calf. Sax. kalf, Btlg. kalb, Teut.] the young of a cow. Figuratively, a facrifice, or fomething fubftituted inftead of a facrifice, *' So will we render the cahcs of our lips." Hojtaxw. 1. The fwclling fle/liy part of a man's leg. Per- haps derived from cal, Cimb. handfome. CA-'LIBER, [calibre, Fr.] the extent or diameter of any round thing j an inftrument ufed by carpenters. Among the Gun-fmiths, ivootlen calibers are models by which they cut the ftocks whereon they mount their gunj, piftols, &c. Steel calibers, are ioftruments with wh'ch they turn and file their fcrews. In Gunnery, the diameter of the mouth or bore of a piece of cannon, er of the ball it N 4 cariiet. C A L earric5. C:il'ther comfafjes, a pair of compafTjrs, with ths legs bent inwaidj, turnifhed with a long, which moves on a rivet on one of its leg?, and is ufed to take iht dimenfions of the lore of a cannon, together with the fize aad weight of tile ball it c^n carry. CA/LICE, or CHALICE, S. [calix, Lat.] a cup ; appropriated to the cups or veilcls which the communicants drink out of at the Lord's fupper. Crt'LICOjS. [UomCaku!, in India] a kind of linen manufaflure imported by the Eaft- Indii company. CA'LIF, or CALIPH. S. [Lhalifab, Arab, a fuccefforj a title ft: ft alfumed by Abubeker, the fuccefror of Mah .met, caiiing hlmielf khj- If Jib rtjj'aul A'L, tl.e fucceli" r of tiie meiicn- ger of <V>d, and Icrne by ihofe which luc ceed?d him, CAL!GA;'T10N, S. [from callgo, Lat. to be dark] a want ol light j darknefj ; cimncfs, pi figlu. CA'LICRAPHY, S. [xaXiy^-^titt, Gr. from axXc;, fair, and j-j^^y, writing] a neai and hiindfjme hind, ap'.lied Id writing ; beau- tiful writing. CA'LIX, S. [F.at. a cup] in Botany, the outward gteenidi coyer «4iich encompalFes the petal;- and other part-; of a fiow^'r. To_CALK,V. A.'[(aL:gs, Fr, hemp, which is mad; ufe of to (lop kakr, ; cr from (•«■'«, Sax. a flip or keel j to flop the fcams Or o'her leaks pf 3 iliip with oak-om cr tow, or fpun yarn, to keep the waRr out. CA'LKLR, S. [from ca!i ifvi :r'] the per- ibn who iloDS the leaks ot a fhip. CAULKING, S. flopping the leakspr feams of a ihip vvith oakum or tow, which is after- wards covered wih a mixture of tallovv, pitch, and tar, zs low as k draws water. To Call, v. a. [pronounrcJ cnu], from iurun, Beig. ;'.4M4J, Gr.j to name ; to fpe«k to a perfon, or give notice to hin) by mentjjji- jng liis name, ringing a bell,, or other figna!, to come towards the perfo.i calhng, or to be prcfent at a particular pl-ce. Ufcd wi:h en and ;jf>e/t, to vifiror go to a perfon's hoiife. In Di- vinity, to receive a miflinri from God ; anti V'fed ".vi;h uf^n, lo implore j to pray lo in di- ftrefs, with confidence of afiiftance. '^ Ca!i upon ms in the day of diHrefs." FfaL ii. 15. 7c caH ~arr-Ci, to abufe a perfon by fome re- proachful term or word. To call ;jj, applied to money, to col!e<ft or demand a fum lent; Joined with out, to cballenee, provoke, or excite to combat, or dinger, in Law, joinsa >vith the particle tc, to be admitted as a bar- fifler or counfellor. " CaUal to the tar." Gall, S. an addrefs by woid of mouth. Figuratively, a miiTion from Cod. In Law, a nomination, or adrnifiion. .Uled with upon a claim or dcrrand. " A perpetual ca// «/tc« humanity." ."•■^r^7. No 181. Ji'uhir. cali,noi f.'r ottj within hearing. An ir.ftrument imi- tating the nctss of birds, and ufed by b;t<J- C A L catchers to bring them into their traps, CA'LLlNG,S.the bufinefs or trade a perfon profefl'cs ; flation, employment, or proft-flion, C.A'LLIPERS, S. See CA'LIBER, of which this is a corruption. CALLO'SITY, S. [callofite', Fr. from taU lus, Lst.J in Anatomy, a hardncfs of the Ikin, owing to hard labour, or frequent rubbings, whereby it becomes infenfible. CA'LLOUS, Adj. grown hard, fwelling, and infenfible. Applied to the mind or con- f.ifnce, not to be moved by threats or pmmifes. C./LLOUSNESS, S. [from callous and m'js] infcnfibility of the body, wherein the fkira glows iiiio knob«, and lofes all fenfation ; the h irdnefs of the juices which knit together the .extremities of a broken bone. Figuratively, Inlciifibility, applied to the mind* CA'LLOVV, Adj. unfledged j without fea- thers, CA'LLUS, S. [Lat.] See CALLOSITY, CALM, Adj. [kalmii Belg. calme, Fr. cal- tr.a. Span.] undifluibed by teinpeils, or violent winds, applied to the fea and elements. Un- difliirbed by boifteroiis paflions, applied to the niind. Subftantivtly, ufed for a trccdom from tempers or wind at fea. To CALM, V". A. to put an end to a tem- peft. Figuratively, lo footh Or pacify j to ap- pcafe. CA'LMER, S. [Uom calm snA er, o^ laar. Sax. a manj the perfon or thing which reduces from a ftate of turbi'lence and violence to one of ijuietnefs, reft, and ferenity. CA'LMLV, Adv. [from calm and /y] free from violence, futioulr.efs, or tempelluous com- motion. Figuratiyelv, in a ferene, cool manner, CA'LMNESS, S. [from cslm and >iejs] a (late of quiet free from the difturbance ot vio- lent winds. Figuratively, a (late of cool and (edate tranquillity ; niildnefs. CA'LOjMEL, S. [xaXof and lOtEXaj, Gr.] in Chnnil^ry, a name given to mercury, fub- lii.iated a fourth time, or upwards, which m <kes it more gentle in its operation, and fits it to a61 as an alterative. CALORl'f IC. Adj. {cakrijieui, Lat.] that which hjs ihe power of heating. CALOTTE, S. [Fr.] a cap or coif of hair, Wbrnfitll by cardinal Richiieu. A red calotte is become the badge of a cardin-il. la Archiieiflure, a round cavity or deprelTurc. CALO'YERS, S. [xaXoysjoi, Gr.] monk? of the Greek church, who live a very retired a«d aufttre life, eat no flelh, keep four Lents, and never brealc their farts till they have earn- ed th^t meal by their labour, CA'LTROPS, S, [cc':rapi-e, Six.] an in- ftrument with four iron fpikes,dii'pofed in fuel} a manner, that one of them wiil always be upright, and three ot them in the ground. They are ufed to annoy, tmbarrafs, and wound the horfe's feet of the cavalry. In Botany, 4 plant fo called from its rei'embling the in- tltruoient juft ^efcrJbed, and being very ^ uouclefoine CAM froublefome to cattle by pricking their feet. To CALVE, V. A.' to bring forth a elf. To CALU'MNIATE, V. N. [ho-r^ calum- Kior, Lit.] to accufc falfely ; to flander. CALU'MNIATION, S. [from (alum niate] a falfe reprefentation of .a perfon's words and aflions, in order to render his character fu- fpefted. CALUMNIA'TOR, S. [Lat.] one who flanders another, to ruio his reputation. CALU'MNJOUS, Adj. flanderous; falfely accufin^. CA'LUMNY, S. [ci'lumnia, L^t.] the falfely accufing of a perlor) with crime?, or mifreprefenting his words and aflions^ in order to make his charadler fufpicious. CALX, S. [Lat.] lime, or a fort of ftone burnt in a kih in order to make mortar. In Chemiftry, a kind of aflies. CAMAI'fiUS, [ci'machuia, Ital.] a parti- cular kind of onyx, which can bf; engraved either in relievo, or creux; a kind of onyx, on which are reprefented hndflcips, &€. CA/MBAVES, S. cottons made at Ben- gal, and imported by the Eaft India company. CA'MBRICK, S. [toilde Cambray, Fr.] a fpecies of linen made of fl^x, very fine and ■white, at firft manufadlured at Cambray. CA'MBRIDGE, S. [in Latin Cantaingh] the capital of the county of the fame name. It ftands in a fpacinus, delightful and fertile plain on the river Cam, by which it is divided into two equcil parts : it is a pretty large place ; but moft of its ftreets are narrow, and many of the houfes much out of repair j fo that, were it not for the colleges, for v. hich it is famous, and other public edifices, it would make no ftriking appearance. The town is governed by a mayor and aldermen. The uni- verfity haS a chancellor, an honorary title, now in the Duke of Grafton, under whom is a commifiary, who holds a court of record ; a high ftewurd ; a vice-chancellor, who is in- dependent of the chancellor, and has the ex- ercile of the government in the univerfity ; under him are two proftors, and two taxer? for weights and meafures ; a regifterj bifides four be.idles; a librsnan. To the univer- sity belong fixteen colleges, halls, or houfcS, with the fame numijer of heads or maftcrs, 4c6 fellowOiips, aflded to the ir.aftcrs, and, in conjunction with them, have the overfight pf the rtudents, 662 fcholarfhips, and 236 exhibitions. The number of all thtfe, together with the other ftudcnts, has been about 1500 for fome years paft. All the colleges, two only excepted, lie round the ikirts of the town, have a beauiitul profpccl into the fiehis, a pure- air, and fine gardens. The fenate-hoiife lies in the middle of the town, a new and hand- fome building. Near it are the pubic halls, the conliftory or vice-chanCcllor'scourt-houfe, and thr: caoinet of natural curiofitie*, which were cnllected by Dr. John Woodward. The univerfity library is over the hallr, containing f bout 44^009 books j it was grealy aug.nientr CAM ed by King George I. with the library of Dr, John Mo.e, bifli .p of Ely, whxh confided of thirty thoufand volumes, and coft his ma- jerty 6000 guineas, tfc. in acknowledgment of which, and other favours, the fenate decreed a ftatue to be ereaed to him, which Charles lord Townfliend caufid to be made of marble at his own expence ; and his fon Charles finilhed it. The unlverfity, as well as the town, fend each two members to parliament. Contiguous to the town-hall is a new fliirc- houfe of brick and ftone. The weekly market at Cambridge is on Saturday, and an annua! fair on June 24, for horfes, wood, and earth- en ware j it holds a week} befides, the great- eft in England is near it at Stourbridge, which fee. Here are fourteen parifh churLhes and 6000 inhabitants. It les 50 miles N. of London, and fixty N. of Oxford. CAME, the preter of the vsrb Come. CA/MEL, S. [a-melus, Lat.] in Natural Hiftory, a large four-footed snimil, of which there are feveral fpecies : one foit being large, is able to carry burdens of a thoufand pounds weight, having one bunch on its back i aji- other fort has two bunches, like a naturjl fad- die, anji are ufed either for carrying burdens, or to ride on ; they have large fulid feet, but not hard ; in fpring they caii their coats, and will, ids faid, continue ten or eleven days without ejting or drinking. CAME'LEON, S. in Natural Hi.Tory, a little animal of the lizard kind. Its tongue is half as long as itfelf, round as far as the tip, which is ho' low, on that account called a trunk, and ufed by it in catching flies, on which it fuhfirt-s. CA'MELOT, CAMBLET, of CAMLET, S. [from camelot, Fr.] a it tiff made of goat's hair, with wor)l, or (Ilk, or both. CA'MERA Obscura, S. [Lat- a dark chamber] in Optics, a fnachioe for exhibitiiig 'he pictures of external ofjc<fls in their proper colours, by means of a convex j;hfs or fciop- tric ball, either in a portable box, or a d.ir- kened chnniber, CAMERA'TED, Adj. [camcratus, Lat.] arched or vaulted. CAMERATION, S, [ca^n'rath, Lat.] a vaulting or arching. CA/MLET, .See CAMELOT; CAMP, S. \can:p, Sax. and Fr.] the or, der of tents pitched by nn army wht-n they keep the field ; the place where an ?rmy refts, or dwells in tents in barracks. A Jlyh:jr cair.b, is a ftrong body of horfe, &c. which always keep the field, and are continually in motion, either to cover any place, or to ("urprifc, or fa- tigue an enemy, and caufe a diverfioni To CAMP, V. A. to fix vents, and re- main in a field, applied to an army. CAMPA'IGN, S. [pronounced campa'iit, ej»:/>awe, Fr, campar.':a, Ital.J that fp.ice of lime during which an army keeps the field, without going into winter quaiters, CAM- CAN CAMPHIRE, or CAMPHOR, S. [ca- ph-ur, or caf,ur, Arab, caniphsra, Lat. I in Fharmacy and Natural Hiftory, a peculiar kind of fubftance, being neither a rofin, vo- latile fait, oil, bitumen, juice, nor gum, but a mixed fubftance, white, tranfparent, dry, brittle, of a ftrong and peneirating Imell, eafily evaporated in the air, when heated, and when in flames, not eafily exringuifhed, but burning even in water and in fnow. There are two lort"-, natural and fadiiious. The camphire- tree is a fpecies oi the laurus, pretty large and thick ; its branches are garnifhed with oval fnear-fliaped leaves, when fully grown, of a yello>v colour, and when broken, emit a I'lrong od ur of camphire. CA'MPHORATED, Adj. [from camphoro, Lat.j iha: which has camphire mixed with it. CAN, S. [conr.e. Sax. kar.na, Its.).] a drink- ing vefTcl, or a cup m<)de of woo.l i i the form ef a calk or barrel. Figuratively, any drink- ing veilel not made of earth. CAN, V. N. [kcnen, Belg. ef*o*j«, Teur. hand, Dan. it is lomstimes, but felcom ufe.: as an abfolute verb, but conftantly joined viwh another verb, as a fign of the poientiol moo.i lis prefent is declined thus: lean, ttcu canji, they can, "x: can. Sec. and its preter, I couid, ilxju cvwcji, &c.] 10 be able 5 to have power iufiicicnt to do an aflion. Though taken as a fign of the potential mood ; yet it difi'-rs very much from viay of metg. Sax. the pro- per auxiliary of that rr.ood ; way denoting righ., lawfiiliiefs, or a permiliion to do a thing j but can the power or ftrength of the doer or agent, Kcd with the verb aclive is applied to perfons, as I tan do it j but, with the pafTive, relates to things ; as it can be done. CAN'AL, S. \car.alj'., Lat.] a place cut in a garden to receive warer from a river or pipes; a hollow place cut for the reception of the fea; any traol of water made by art. In Ana- mmy, a duel er paiTage through which any thi juices How. CANA'RIES, S, in Geography, twelve fmall iflands in the Atlantic ocean, weft of Africa, difci'vcred by Bothencourt, a French man, but now belonging to Spain. They make a great deal of wine, which is called canary, from one of the moft confiderablc of ail tbefe iflandj. CANA'RY-RIRD, S. 3 finging bird for- nierly peculiar to the Canarie?, of the linnet kind, of a yellow, or yellowi/h green colour, a very loud note, and of great boldnefs. To CA'NCEL, \. A. [canceUer, Fr. can- iiUarc, Jtal. from car.ceHu n^tare, Lar.] to crofs a writing, and liiereby tender i: of no etTecl. Figuratively, to deftroy a deed by tear- ing ofFthe feal, or name ; to efTjce, or oblite- ra;e. CANCELLATION, S. an expunging, or annulling the power of an inftrumenr. CA'NCER, S, [Lat, a crab] \a Aftrono- CAN my, a fign of the Zodiac, into which the fan enters in June, and reprefented on globes by the figure of a crab, in order to exprefs the re- turning of the fun, or its coming back to the equator from thenc? ; or from its feeming not to advance, but rather to go back for fome days when in the folftitial point, in which re- fpc(St it imitates the motion afcribed lo that animal. The ftars in this conftellition, ac- cording to FlamfteaH, are 71. The tropic of C:incer, is a Icfs circle of the fphere, parallel to the equator, and pafling through the beginning ot the fign Career ; all the inhabitants within this Ipace have the fun perpendicular or verti- cal twice a year, and are fituated in the torrid zone. In Surgery, a roundifti, unequal, livid, hard tumor. To CA'NCERATE, V. N. [from cancer} to grow cancerous ; to turn to a cancer. CA'NCEROUS, Adj, [from cancer] hav- ing the virulence of a cancer. CA'NCEROUSNESS, S. [from cancercm and ne s} the quality arifing from a cancer. CA'NDID, Adj. [candidus, Lat. J white, Figuritively, impartial, mild j uninfluenced by fiiiifter motives j free from malice or pre- judice. CA'NDIDATE, S. [candldatui, Lat. wh)te ; thofe who ofi'ered themfelves to be eiected into any ofHce among the Romars wearing white garments, in order to oiftinguifii them from the reft of the crowd] one who fol- liciis the votes of others, in order to attain any place, poft, or office conferred by a ma- jority J one who oppofes another j a competi- tor. CA'NDIDLY, Adv. [from candid and /y] in an impartial manner, without prejudice, malice, or envy j fairly ; kindly. CA'NDLE, S. [candela, Lat.J a wick of cotton covered with wax, fperma ceti, or tal- low, of a cylindrical form, ufed to fupply the want of day-light. Figuratively, light, or any thing which gives light, " The candle of the wicked ihall be put out." Pro-v. xxiv. 20. Sale by tie caaile, or ir^ck of candle, is an au£\ion which lafts only while a piece of candle, light- ed for that purpofe, continues burning, the lift bidder, before it is extind, being adjudged the purch.ifer. CA'NDLE-LIGHT, S. the light aftbrdcd by a candle. CA'NDLEMAS, S. [from candleand mafs, la cbandeleure, Fr. I'ucbtmcijx, Teut.] a feaft of the church, celebrated on the fecond of Fe- bruary, in commemoration of the BlelFed Vir- gin's purification. CA'NDOUR, S. [candor, Lat.] a temper of mind unfoured by envy, unrufiied by malice, and unfeduced by prejudice ; fweet without weaknefs, and impartial without rigour. To CA'NDY, V. A. [from Candia, in Spain, a place abounding in fugar ; or from elktnde, or elkendit, Arab, fugar ; or laftly, from f^ndirf, low Lat, to whiienj to preferve ^1 CAN by boiling In fiigar ; to melt and cryftal'ze fu- gar feveral times, to render k hard and tranf- parent. Figuratively, to freeze, o-r be co- vered with a hard fubftance, or flakes. " Can- died vj'ith ice." Shak. To flatter, or make ufe of foothing and infinuating expreffions, *' Let the carJy'' d longue like abfurd pomp." Shak, Neijterly, to grow hard ; to grow thick, or be covered with flakes. CANE, S. [civtnf, Span.] in Botany, a kind of reed growing in fiiverai joints, and of different dimenfions. The bamboo, which grows in the Indiep, efpecially at Bengal, to a prodigious fize, is wrought into bowls, or other houlliolil iitenfih, by the :rhabitan;s ; the fmaller fort are made into firtiing rods. The walking ca>:e, is that which grows in the Eaft Indies ; thofe which are without joints are by far the beft, and more elaflic. Hence the word fignifies, figuratively, a walk- ing {^iff. To CANE, V, A. to beat a perfon with a fane, or a walking ftaff. CANl'CULA, S. [Lat.] in Aflronomy, the name of one of the liars in the conftellu- tion of Canis Mijor, called the Dog-fl:3r ; fiom whofe heliacal rifing with the fun, that is, its emerfion from the fun's rays, the an- pienis reckoned their dog-d ys ; and the JE- ^yptians and .Ethiopians beaan their years. CANl'CULAR, S. [cnn!c:j!ar!s, Lai.] of or belonging to the dog-days. The canicular days are a certain number of days preceding, or enfuing, the heliacal rifing of the Canicula, or Dog-ftjr. CANl'NE, Adj. \caji]r.us, Lat. from ca ni, a dog] having the properties of, or te- femblng a dog. Canine oppa'ite, in Mediciie, an inordinate appetite, or lumber not to be fa- tisfied. CAN!'NE-TEETH, S. {dtntcs canm,L-iU or dogs-teeth] in Anatomy, two fliarpedgeJ teeth in each jaw, between the inciibres and molares, f; called from their refembling the cnrrefpondnt tecih in a dog. CA'NIS Majo:^, S. [Lat. the Grr-at Dog] in Aftronnmy, a conftellaiion in the fiiuthern hemilphere, confiftinu', according to flamftead, of 32 ftars. CA'NIS MiKo.'^, or the Lefl"er Dog, is the faine as Canicula, which lee. CA'NISTER, S. Icaniflrum, Lat.] in its prin:»ary fenfe, which is now obfolete, a baf- ket. In its fecondary, a fmall box or recep- tacle made of tin, or other metal, or porce- lain, to hold tea, fugar, i^c. CA'NKER, [canchtrn, Ital. chancre, Fr. from cancer, Lat.J in Natural Hiftory, a fmall worm, which preys upon fruit, joined with the word ivorm. in Medicine, a fpeck made by a fharp humour, which grows or corrodes the fle(h like a cauflick, and is common to children ; a corrofivo humour. Figuratively, that which gradually and inevitably dcftroys. CAN A difeafe incident to trees, which mike? the bark rot and fall off. Applied to biafs, a kind of ruft or verdigreafe, which covers it? lurface with a green colour. To CA'NKER, V. N. to ruft or grow green, applied to brafs or other metals ; to be corroded, to grow foul or corrup'. Aftively, to corrode ; to pollute ; to eat or gnaw j to inleft ; including the idea of acrimony. CA'NNIBAL, S. one who lives upon hu- o^an flcfh. CA'NNIBALLY, Adv. [from canrM,aUni. /y] a'ter the manner or pradice of cannihalu " Had he been canriibaUy given." CA'NNON, S. [car.on, Fr. canr.:,':c, Ital. from canna, L^t. a reed or tube] a hollow cylindrical inflrument, m::de of a mixt rnet;3l, furnifhed with a touch-hole, and ufed to {hoot a ball by the force of gun-powder. This mi- litary engine is fuppofed to have been invented by J. Owen, an Englifliman, and it is evident that the firft which were ever feen in France belonged to this nation, and were ufed in the battle of CieTy, 1346 \ and Mtzeray aflerts that the Englifh, by five or fix pieces of cannon, ftruck terror into the French, who had never feen fuch thundering machines be- fore. CA'NNON-BALL, or CANNON- BUL- LET, S. the ball or bullet with which 4 cannon is charged. To CA'NNONADE, V. A. (o attack with, or fire cannon againfl:. Sometimes ufed neulerly, as, " Both armies cannonadtd all the enl'Liing day." "^latkr. No. 65. CA'NN'oNIER, S rp;-onounced car.nor.ccrl the peifoii who lilchiirge;, or fires a cannon. CA'NNOT, V. N. [compounded of M« and nct\ not able, not having power enough for the performance of a thing. " He cir.not do it." Joined wiih but, it implies necellity, and figr'ifies m-jjl. " ] ctinnot but believe." Locke, CA'NO/^,orCANOE, [pronounced M?:t;oj an Indian velTrl or boat, made of the trunk ot a iree, dug holloAf ; pieces of bark fewed to- gether ; or of the fmall flicks of a pliant wood, covered with fealflcins. CA'NON, S. [«avwv, Gr.] in Ecclernflric Hiftory, a law or rule, relating either to ths doctrine or difcipline of a church, eBa<f):ed by a general council, and confirmed by the prin- cipal magiRrate. Applied to the Scripture, luch boiks as are held to be really infpired, A law or rule in any fcience. In Surgery, an inftrument iif:d in fcwing up wounds. In Geometry and Aleebra, a general rule for the folution of all quelHons of the fame nature. In Printing, the iargelt fizc of types, as in tlic following line, mercy. CA'NON. CAN CA'NON, S. cbmoir.i, Fr. c,:K:n:cuf, Lat. ef >4avfcT, Gr. a l.ivv, rule, penfioi), or lirt] a perion who poffsflcs a prebend, or revenue id- ioUtd for pcitormirce ot' divine fervice in a Ciilhe.-iral o,- colleciate church. CANO'NICAL, Adv, [ramnicus. La'.] ap- pliid to ceienionies and dift inline, thofe which are er>abliil;ed by the laws of the church. Ap- plied to Looks, thofe ■which are generally al lowed to be tliviiiely infpired. /-Applied to t'me, or hours, tiiols whch are prefcribed or limited by (he chuich for the performance of, or celebrating, any cer«moiiy or a(fl of reli- gion. CANO'NICALLY, Adj. [from caiwiucal and ly] in a iDanner jgreeabk fo tjic prelcrip tions and laws of the church. CANO'NICALNESS, S. [from c.incr.'ical and nejs] the quality which denotes a thing to be founded on, or agreeable to, -the laws of the church. CA'NONIST, S. one who makes the ca- nons his peculiar faidy ; a protcfior of the canon law ; a perfon fkilied in ecclcfiaftic Jaw. CANONrZATIO:':, S. [from caKon, a law orrfgi.lcrj in the Romifli Church, a de claration of the pope's, whereby, after feme folemnity, a perion, %vho has been eminent for an exsmplsry lite, and a I'uppoled power ot working miwcles, enters into the lift of the faints. To CA'NONIZE, V, A. [from car.cn, a lift of faints acknowledged in the Romifn church] to enter a perfon's name in the lift of faints 5 to make n faint, CA'NONP.Y, cr CA'NONSH!P,S.[from canor. ana '_v, ot nc, Sax.j the benefice, oflice, cr duty of a canon. CA'NOPIED, Adj. [from canopy] covered above with a canopy, fpread above, cr ovei liie head. C.^'NOPY, S. [from canop\u>v, low Lat. o' «ttvo'.Tsi:v, Gr. nets fpiead ovlt a bed to keep oft' the gnats] any thing which is extended over the head. To CA'NOPY, V. A. to form a canopy ever a peifon's head. CA'NOROUS, Adj. [car.oyus, Lit.] given tpfin^'ing; mufical ; tunetul. CANT, S. [from canii/s, Lat. a whining tone of voice] applied to l.n^.uage, a dialeifl jnade ufc of by beggars and vagabonds, to con- era) their meaning from others ; a whining tone of voice ; a particular form of fpeaking pecul:f.r to any body of men ; a whining, for- iTia! pretenfion togoodnefs, generally attended with hypncnfy. To CANT, V.N. [from the noun] to rrlake ufe of the dialect, abfurd jargon, or pri- vate gibberlfh of vatjbonds and thieves; to Ipeak or read in a whining tone ; to endeavour to impofe upon a perfon by a formal pretence to uncomrniin piety ; to flatter. C.^NTA^TA, S. [Ital.J in Mufic, a fon^'ireble pait ot it. CAN compofed of recitative airs, and a variety of motions, generally for a fingle voice, with a thorough bafs ; tometimes for two, three, or more voices, with violins, and other inftni- ments. CA'NTER, S, [from c^«/ and rr] one who endeavours to pafshimfelf upon the world as a religious pedon, by a fair oiitfide, and forma! appearance of religion, without obey- ing it in his heart. CA'NTERBURY, S. [called by the Ro- mans Durohirnium or Duro-vernium, from dur- icherti, Brit, a rapid river, and by the Saxons, Cant-zuara-barig, i. e. the city of the men of Kent] the cliiel ciiy of the county of Kent, and an archhi/hoprick, fo ancient as to have been built 900 years before Chrift ; and famous for being the place where Thomas a Becket was killed and buried, and likewife for the bu- ri^ii-plarc of that great warrior, Edward the Black Prince, and Henry IV. Being inhabited by the Walloons in the reign of queen Eliza- beth, and by the Fiench in that of queen Anne, who fled hither for refuge, it has been noted for the filk manufa^lorias carried on by thofe foreigners. It is governed by a mayor, enjoys many privileges, fends two members to par- Itameju, has a market on Wednefday and Sa- turday weekly, is in 51 deg. aomin. latitude, and difla.it from London 43 computed, or 56 meafured miles. The brawn of this place is reputed to be the heft in England. A Canter- bury lale implies a tedious, difmal, and dif- agreeable ftory or narrative ; alluding perhaps to the ftories oi Becket's death, who was af- faflinattd here. CA'NTERBURY BELLS, S. inBotany, a plant called likewile th'- hell Jioiuer. CANTHA'RIDES, S. [Lat. the plural of car.tbarii] in Natural Hiftory and Pharmacy, called Span'if] Jlies, but p'operly a beetle formed fiom an ejig, which produces a worm, that is peculiar to the fig-tree, pine-tree, white brier, and popUr, whofe juices being very corrofive or biting, are by Bacon fuppofed to bethecaules of its corrofive orcauftic qiiaiitv. It is needlel's to mention their fervice in blif- ters, or the danger of too free a ufe of them, (ince experience has confirmed the former, and given us too dreadful examples ot the lat- ter. CA'NTHUS, S. [Lat.] the corner of the eye, foimed by the meeting of the eye-lids, CA'NI'iCLE.S. [a diminutive noun, from cnntus, Lat.] a long ; applied to tome hymn in Scripture, and ufed by divines in the plural, to fignifv Solomon's fong. CANli'LIVERS, S. in Building, pieces of wood framed into the front, or fides of a houfe, to fuftain the moulding t reaves over it. CaniUiter cornice, is a cornice with cantilivers or modillions under it. CA'N TO; S. [Ital a divifion, fe£lion, or nook of a p.iem. In Mufic, a fong, or the CA'NTON, CAP CA'NTON, S, fcatt}':f, Fr. Spnn. and Ital. kanC, Belp. Ka\3:;, Gr. a cornerj a fmall part of a city detacheri trom the reft ; a parcel or divifion of land ; a diliridi, or part of a country governed by its own chief or magi- ftrates ; a fmall comtnvnity or cbn. In He- raldry, a fquare portion of an efcutcheon fe- parated from the reft, when on the left fide, called ^»/,'?f>-5 and like the fpaces 'between the crofs or faltire. To CA'NTON, V. A. [from the noun] to divide into fmaU parts, parcels, or diftrids, ufed with the particle into, and fometimes both with o'lt and into. " Cantoned out into petty ftates." yMdif- " Cantoned out into par- cels." Siuift. To CANTONI'ZE, V. A. to parcel out ; to allot in fmall divifions, ufed with among, *' All Ireland was cantonized among ten per- fons." CA'NVASS, S. [cane-vas, F. kannufas, Belg. canne-vaccio, cannei'azzio, Ital. canabis, Lat. Kttva^i;, Gr. hemp] very clear unbleach- ed cloth of hemp or flax, wove in little fquares, ufed for working tapeftry by the needle j for blinds of windows, towels, and to cover ftays, &c. Jikewife a coarfe cloth of hemp, of which ails are made. To CA'NVASS, V. A. [can-vaffer, Fr. to beat hemp, which requiring fome labour may be ufed figuratively] to fcarch a truth to its firft principles ; to enquire into ; to examine ; to debate, or difpute j to controvert. Uled neuterly, to folicit; afk people for their votes j or make intereft at an eledtion. CA'NY, Adj. [from cane] abounding in canes. CAP, S. \_cap, Brit, c^l'pe, Sax. cappe, Teut. cappa, Ital. capa, Span, kappe, Belg. J a cloathing worn on the head. Being worn by cardinals, it is figuratively ufed for the office or dignity of a cardinal. In Gunnery, a piece ef lead laid over the touch-hole to preferve the prime. Cap of Maintenance, is one of the re- galia carried before the k'ng at a coronation. To CAP, V, A. to cover the top of a thing; to pull oft' a cap in play. CAP-A-Pl'E, orCAP.A-PE', [Fr.] from head to foot, all over, ufed with the verb arjn. CAPABI'LITY, S. [from capable] the quality of being able to undertake or pt^rform i> thing. CA'PABLE,Adj. [Fr.] endued wi-h power or underftandiiig eqd.il to an iindeitjking; fuf- ceptible ; fitted for, or adapted to. CAPA'CIOUS, Adj. {capax, Lat.] ap- plied to bodies, ot laige dimenfions, or of a large cavity; able to contain much. Applied to the mind, extenfive, or containing a great ftuck of knowleilge. CAPA'CIOUSNESS, S. [from capacious snd nej'i] the quality of containing or receiving u pTcdi number of things or large bodies. To CAPA'CITATE, V. A. [from capa- city] to render a fcrii^n fit by inftrufilion, dif- CAP cipline, Pudy, or ex;:rcife ; to qualify ?. perfon for an unoerraking. CAPA'CITY, S. [capacite, Fr,] the di- menfions or cavity of a thing fitting it for the reception of other bodies. Applied to the mind, underftanding j a power of receiving inftruftion ; a ftate, condition, or charadler. CAPAR'JSON, S. [caparaghn, Fr. capa- rijone, Ital, cuparcmon. Span.] the cloathing or covering fpread ov^r an horfe of ftate, or fumpter-horf^ ; anciently a kind of iron-ar- mour wherewith horfes were covered in war. To CAPA'RISON, V. A, to drefs a harfe in its lioufings for fhew and oftentation. Fi- guratively, to adorn a perfon with pompous and fplendid drefs. *' Though I am caparijoned like a man." Shak. CAPE, S. \_cap, Fr, cape, Ital ] in Geo- graphy, a piece of land running or projecting into the fea j a head-land, or promontory j the neck-pieces of a coat. CAFE'LLA, S. [Lat.j a bright ftar of the firft magnitude in the left ftioulder of Auriga, Its longitude is 17 deg. 31 min. 41 fee. of Ge- mini, and lat. 22 deg, 51 min, 47, fee, N. CA'PER, S. [caprw'e, Fr. capriola, Ital. cabriole, Span, from caper, Lat. a goat] in Dancing, a fpring or leap, in which the feet are moved acrofs each other feveral times be- fore a perfon reaches the ground again. CA'PER, S. [capparis, Lat.J the flower of the caper-bufh, of which a pickle is made, called capre in French. Linnaeus places it in the firft fe<St, of his 15th clafs. To CA'PER, V, A, to crofs the feet feve- ral times in the air in a leap, applied to dan- cing ; to flcip for joy j to dance with great adlivity, CATERER, S, [from caper and er] o,ic who cuts capers in dancing. CA'PlAS, S. [Lat. from caplo, to take] !n law, a writ of two forts, one before judgment, called capias ad nfpcndendum ; the other is a writ of execution after judgment. CAPILLA'CEOUS, Adj. See CAPIL- LARY. CAPI'LLAMENT,S.[ffl;>»7Aw.vn/«^»;,Lat.] in Botany, the fmall threads or hairs, which grow in the middle of a flower, adorned with ittle herbs at the top. Likewife the firings or threads about the roots of plants. CA'PILLA'RY, Adj. \capillus, Lat, hair] refcmbling hairs. In Botany, applied to fucli plants as have no main ftem, their leaves ari- fing from the toots, and produce their feeds in little tufts or protuberances on the back oi their leaves; as the fern, maiHenhair, of wrhich the fyrup of capillaire is made. Jn Anatomy, applied to the minute arteries, which, in the brain, are not equjl to one hair, and the fmallefl lymphatic vell'cU, which are 100 times fmaller than the finaileft aiterit-s. In Phyf'C, capillaiy tubes arc thcfe whofe dia- meter is one-half, one third, or one-fourth of a line, or th: Jeaft that can be made. CAPIL- CAP CAPILLATION, S..[from capWus, Lat. a hairj a dividing into branches as fmall as hairs. " In fmaller veins, or obfcurer capil- latiorts." Broiuii. CA'PITAL, Adj. [capitalis, Lat.] in its primary fenfe, that which br;lons,5 or relates to the head. " Needs muft the ferpent now his f(7/>ifa/ bruife expedt." Pur. L»Ji. Applied to criines, that which affe£ls a perfon's life ; criminai in the high eft degree ; chiet or prin- cioal. A|.'plied to letters or types-, the brger fort, which are made ule of at the bef.inning and heads oi books. Cjfital Jlcck, the fund of a trjdinp ccmpany. CA'PlTAL, S. among Merchants, the fum of money brought in by each party to ir.ake up the comnioa ftock. Likewile, the money which a merchant hrft brings into trade on his own account. In Geography, the chii^ city of a kingdom, or rcfidence of its monarch. C.A'FITALLY, Adv. [from capitaU and Ij] '\n 'uch a manner as ..fl'efts a perfun'o life. Capitally con-v'i8ed, is applied to a perfon who is caft tor his l.-fe, or condemned to die. Ap- plied to prodiifiions of art, in a pertecl, high- finifhed, or excellent manner. CAPITA'TION, S. rCrom t^p^'t, Lat. a head] a numbering by the h-iads ; a certain fum of money impoled at fo much ptr head, in exigencies of Itate. ] To CAPKTULATE, V. A. to draw arti- cles 5 to fet down the heads of a remonftrance ; ] to make a head. " Douglas and Mortimer capitulate againft us." Shak. MolHy ufcd by moderns, to furrcnder a place upon certain conditions. CAFITULA'TION, S. the funender of a place upon certain conditions ; the conditions or terms agreed upon for the lurrender of a place. CAPI'TULUM, S, [Lat. a little head] in Botany, the head of any flower or plant. In Anatomy, a fmaller procefs or protuberance oi a bone received into another. CA'POT, S. [Fr J at picquet, when one party wins all the irfcks. To CA'POT, V. A. [from the noun] to •win all the tricks at the game at pitquet. CAPRl'CE.orCAPRl'CCIO, S. [w6r/«, Fr. (apricbio, Span, capriccio, Ital.] a ludden change of fentiment, not founded on reafon ; a whimfey, freak, or faniaftic humour, CAPRl'CIOUS, Adj. [capricieux, Fr.] a variable and inconflani behaviour founded on mere whim and fancy ; a fudden and ficquent change of opinion, or fentimen', inconfiftcnt •with reafon. CAPRI'CIOUSLY, Adv. [from capricious and ly] in a whimfical, humourfome, fanciful manner. CAPRI'CIOUSNESS, S. [from capricious and nefs\ the quality of changing orcommand- ingi according to the ftarts of fancy, without any regatU to reafon or propriety. CAP CA'PRICORN, S. [Capricar/iut, Lat.] iri Aftronomy, the tenth fign of the zodiac, rc- prefented on ancient medals in the form of a goat, with the hinder p.irts of a fifli ; for the fun entering that fign on the winter folftice, from whence he begins lo afcend towards the northern hemifphcre, the hieroglyphic fign of a goat, which is fond of climbing, and afcend* as it hrowfes, feemed to be proper to reprefenC that circumft.ince. CAP'STAN, S. [corruptly fpelt cap/lern, capcjlan, Fr. cap, S ix. a head, and Ji('"gt SwX. a bar or bolt] a large cylinder, or barrel, placed perpendicular on the deck of .1 fliip, ard turned by four levers or bars, which crofs it, feiving, by means of a cable which winds round ir, to draw up heavy burdens. It is likewile ufed to tow a Hiip, and to weigh the anchors. CA'PSULAR, Adj. [capfula, Lat. a bag or pouch] hollow like a chcil or pouch. CAP'SULATE, Adj. [from <:.;/>/(/ /^, Lat.] inclofed as in a box. Capjulaied plants, in Bo- tany, are fuch as produce their feeds in IhorC dry pods, or hulks. CA'PTAIN, S. \cap\taine, Fr.] an officer in an army, or one v.ho commands fo'idiers, or other men. Captain of a company, is one who commands a company under a colonel. Captain cf a pip, is the perfon who has the command of her, CA'PTION, S. [from caph, to take] in Law, is when a commiflion is executed, and the commiffioners fubfcribe their names to a certificate, declaring when and wherethe com- m:f!ion was executed. C A'PTIOUS, Adj. [rj^fic/ujjLat. captieux, Fr.] given to cavils, or toi.ming dbjeiUons j enfnaring; infidious. CA'PTIOUSLV, Adv. [from M//(«as and !j] in fuch a- manner as fhews a gieat inclina- tion to raife objections j In a fly, enfnaring or infidious manner. CA'PTIOUSNESS, S. [from captious and tiffs] the quality of forming cavils, or unne- cefTary ob]tilions ; peevifhnefs. To C.4'PT1VATE, V. A. [captivo, La*. captit-er, Fr.] to take prifoner. Figuratively, to charm or fubdue by the power of fupeiit* excellence. CAPTIVA'TION, S. [from cfptlvatum, ftipine of capti'vo, Lat. to tike prifoner] the aft of taking a perfon prifoner j the ftate of a perfon taken prifoner. CA'PTiVE, S. [capti-vns, Lat. cnptif, Fr.] one taken prifoner in war. Figuratively, one charmed or fubdued by the beauty or excel- lence of another. CA'PTiVE, Adj. [capt'i'vus, Lat.] taken prifoner in war ; in coniinement, imprifoned. Figuratively, fubdued, or kept under great reftraints. To CA'PTIVE, V, A. [formerly accented on the laft fyliablej t« take or make a perfon prifoner. CAPTK- CAR CAPTIVITY, S. [captlvlte, Fr. captivhas, Lat.J a ftate of fervitude, owing lo a perlon's being taktn pri'foner in war. CA'PTOK, S. [from captitt:, fupine of capio, Lat. to take] the perfon who takes a prifoner, or prize. CA'PTURE, S. [capture, Fr. captura, Lat.] the taking of any prey ; the thing taken. In Law, the leizinj a perfon for a debt, or the apprehending a criminal. CAPUCHI'NS, S. fpromunced capvpcens] monks of the order of St. Francis, founded by Matthew Bafchi. They are cloathed with brown or grey, are always bare-footed, never go in a coach, and never (have their beard'. Ufed in the lingular for a woman's cloak, with CAR CARBU'NCLED, Adj. fet with catfcun< cles ; covered with large red pimples. CARDU'NCULAR, Adj. refemblins, of partaking of the qualities of a carbuncle. CA'RCASE, or CARCASS, S. [carca/e, Fr.] a dead body. Figuratively, a body Or per- fon in a reproachful fenfe ; the decayed parts, ruins or remains of a thing. '"The rotten carcaft o( a boat." Shak. In Gunnery, a kincJ of bomb, of an oblong form, filled with com- buftibles, and thrawn from a mortar. CARD, S. [car!e, Fr. carti, Ital. cbarta, Lar.J in Coming, pieces of fine thin pafte- board, cut in oblong fquares, on v/hich are painted feveral marks and figures, and ufeH in levsral games. A court card is that which a hood fewed to it, made in imitation of the has the image of fume perfon painted on it drefs of the capuchins, and deriving its name from thence. CAR, S. [car, Brit, carre, Eelg. carrus, Lat.] a fmall carriage with one or two horfcs. Figuratively, ufed by the poets for a chariot or genteel vehicle, in which a perfon is drawn. CA'RABINE, or CARBINE, S, [Fr.J a fmail kind of fufee, or fire-arm, about two feet long in the barrel. CARABINl'ER, S. [pronounced carabi- neer^ a fort of light horfe, carrying longer ca- rabines than the reft, ufed fometimes on foot. CA'RAT, orCA'RACT, [carat, Fr. from canEia, a weight, quilate, Span. Kennct] a mark, that is to fay, an ounce troy, divided into 24 equal parts, called caracit, and each caraft into four grains, is a weight by which the mint-mafters difcovetthe finenefs of gold. CaraB, or carat fine, is the 24th part of th;- goodnefsofa piece of pure gold. Carat is a weight ufed by jewellers, equal to four grains, but lighter than the mark weight above, CA'RAVAN, S. [cara'vane, Fr. from cairaiuan, or ca'iroan, Arab, of keriuan, 01 car-van, Per. a dealer, trader, or mertliant]a body or company of merchants or traders tra- velling together in great numbers through defarts, or other dangerous places in the Eaft, for their mutual fafety and defence. Their beafts are hoifes, but moft commonly camels, and they are elcorted by a chief or aga, with a body of janizaries. CA'RAWAY, S. [from carum, Lat. from Carta, the place where it originally grew] in Botany, the feed isftomachic, diuretic, and carminative, one of the four hot feeds in the Ihops, CARBONA'DO, S. [carhorrJo, Span, car- benata, Ital. carbonnade, Fr. from carbo, Lat. a coal] meat cut acrofs, or in fquares, with a knife, to be broiled. To CARBON A'DO, V. A. to cut acrofs, in Cookery. Figuratively, to cut or hack. _ CARBU'NCLE, S. Icarbuncu'.us, Lat. a little coal] a jewel of the luby kind, whofe weight exceeds 20 cirats of a rich blood-red colour. Figurativjlv, a lar^e ted pimple, breaking out upon the fjce. Pi. pack of cards confifts of 52 of thefe fquares. In Sea Affairs, the upper part of the mari- ner's compafs, on which the names of the winds are marked. CARD, S. [ksdre, Belg. cardo, Ital. and Span. J an inftrument or comb, tompofed of feverdl fmall pieces of iron-wire, hooked ia the miJdle, faflened by the feet in row? ; they are generally ufed in p-)irs, placed with their points opofite to each other, having the materials between them, and ferve to comb, difentangle, and range v/oolorflax, ia a proper order for fpinning. To CARD, V. A. 1 from kaerde/i, Belg. or harden, Teut.] to comb wool, &c. or make it fit for fpinning, by drawtng it through the card or comb. Neuterly, to game ; or play inordinately at cards. " A carding wife." CA'RDAMOM, S. [cardamomum, Lat.] a medicinal feed, that aflifts digeftion, ftrength- ens the head and ifomach, and is diuretic. CA'RDER, S. [from c^irjand «/-] one who combs or prepares wool by paffing it through a card. CA'RDINAL, Adj. [cardinaVis, Lat. from cardo, hiX. a hing", becaufe all of the fame kind are fuppofed to depend, and, as it were turn on them like a door upon its biiigt;s] principal, chief, prime, or moft confiderable. In C')fmogra;'hy, cardinal points, are the four chief points of the horizon ; from whence all the reft are named, vizi, the North and South, Eatt and Weft ; and cardinal winds are thofe which blow from either of thofe quarters. Cardinal numbers, are thofe integers or num- bers from which the others arc named and compofed. CA'RDINAL, S. one of the chief gover- nors of the Romifti church, by whom the pnpe is elected outof their own number, v/h^ch certains fix bifliops, fifty pricfts, and fourteen deacons, who conftitutc the facred college, chofen by the pope. CARDINALADE, orCARDINALSHIP, S. [from cardinal znd JJfip OT fcyp, Six,] Khe office and rank of a cardinal. CA'RDUUS, S. [Lat.] a kind of thiftle, ufed in medicine, as a gentle vomit. CARE CAR CARE, S. [care or eara, Sax. har, Goth, efir and ckarchar, Perf. cttra, Lat.] attention to a particular I'ubjeft ; concern or anxiety of mind, arifing from the uncertainty of fome- thing future, or the oppreflion of a prefent calamity; caution, proteftion, regard, and l-ipport, when followed with the particle of, " There i& a God that takes care of us." Tillo^f. A too great anxiety for the events of this world ; an affe^ionate regard f«r a perfon. " That our care for you ini^ht appear." 2 Ccr, vii. 12. To CARE. V. N. [See the noun] to be anxious, folicitcus, cr concerned for a perfor; to be difpol'ed, or inclined. " Not caring to obferve the wind." WaHer. " Great msf- lers never care for drawing people in the fa- Jhion." To have a fympathy or affeftionate regard for. " Not that he cared for the poor." jfohn xii. 6. To CARE'EN, V. A. \cartn:r, Fr. from tarina, Lat.] to lay a vefTel upon one fide, in Older to calk, ftop the leaks, trim, or repair tlie other fnie. CAREE'R, S. carriere, Fr.] a rourfe or race; the ground on which a race is run ; full Jpeed ; very fwift motion ; a courfe of aftion vithout any interiuption. CA'REFUL, Adj. abounding or petplfxed with great follicitude, apprehenfions, or an- xietv. CA'REFULLY, Adv. [from carefulind !y] in an attentive, cautious, circumlpecl, and «lilieent manner. CA'REFULNESS, S, [from carefuJ sn.i rf/sj cautious, diligent, and confiant applica- tion ; heedfulnefs; vigilance. CA'RELESS, Adj. (from care and lefs] Without due attention, labour, application, caution, or concern ; without thought, or pre- meditation. CA'RELESSLY, Adv. [from careiefs and /)■] without anxiety; without care ; with ne- giipence; in a manner void of care. To CARE'SS, V. A. [carf/Jer, F. carex- x.are. Ital. cccnriciar. Span, from rarus, Lat. dear] to embrace with great affection; to treat a perfon with great civility and endear- ments. CARE'SS, S [from the vej-b] an embrace of great afleiftion ; an endearing profuficn ot civilities and kind actions. CA'RET, S. [caret, Lat. it wants] in Gramm^ir, a mark implying that fomething is omitted in v.riliiig, or printing, which ought to come in where this fign (a) ftands. CA'RGO, S. carguaifon, Fr, cargncon, Ital.] the lading of a thip ; all the meictian- <ii7.es and wares on board a {hip. CA'RIES, S. [Lat.] in Medicine, the fo lution of continuity in a bone, attended with a wjftc of its fubliance, occafioned hy the cor- lofion of fome acrimonious matter. In popu- lar language, the rottennefs of a bone. CARIO'SITV, S. [fioni earicusl that CAR quality of a bone, which putrifies and wafie^ its fubftance. CA'R10US,Adj. S.[from caries, Lat.] rot- ten, generally applied to bones. CA'RMAN, S. [from car, Sax. a cart, and man] one who drives a cart, or keeps carts for hire. CA'RMELITE, S. [carme!,Yr.o^ Carmelf the name of a mount] an order of friars; one of (he four tribe; of mendicants, or begging friars, taking both their name and origin from mount Carmel, formerly inhabited by the prophets Elias and Elifha. CA'RMINE, S. a very bright red colour, bordering fom.ewhat on a purple, ufcd moftly, on account of its exorbitant price, in minia- ture; and is the fettling of the water into which cochineal, conan, and antour have been rteeped. CA'RNAGE, S, [Fr. from camh, genitive of caro, Lat. fiefh] flaughter, havcck, or heaps of bofies llain in battle. CA'RNAL, Adj. [ctarnel, Fr. from carnis, genitive oi cato, Lit.] proceeding from, or be- longing to the flefhy part of a man, oppofcd to jpirhual- Figuratively, fenlual, luftful, leche- rous, voluptuous, CARNA'LITY, S. [from carnal] luft, wantonnefs, propenfity to luft ; unchafte plea- lure. Figuratively, immerfed in fenfe. CA'RNALLY, Adv. [from carnal and /y] in a grois fenfual manner, oppofed to ^irz/tta/. CA'RNATJON, S. [curraridiro, lial. from cart.es, plural of caro, Lat. flefh] in Botany, a fpeciesof theclove-gillyfiowcr. In Painting, a lively red colour, lefembling that of flcfli newiv cut. cARNE'LIAN, S. [improperly fpelt cor- nc'iar, as appears from its being derived of caro, Lat. fie(h] in Natural Hiftory, a precious ftoneof which there are three fpecies, a red, a yellow, and a white ; the red fort is again fubdivided into two fpecies, the pale being called the female, and the deep red, the male carnelian. CA'RNIVAL, S. [carna-val, Fr.] the fea- fon of mirth and luxury celebrated by the Ita- lians, efpecialiy at Venice, lading ixom Twelfth day to Lent, and attended with ball'--, feafr?, operas, concertos, and every thing which pomp, oftentation, or fel^ivily can furniih. CA'RNIVOROUS, Adj. [from carnU, of cato, Lat. flcfh, and -v.ro, Lat. 10 devourj editing fle(h, or that which lives on fleih. CA'RNOSITY, S. [carr.ofite, Fr.] in Sur- gery, a tielhy excrefcence, a fungous, or proud- flefh. " Ulcers are healjd, and that cainofitf lei'olved." Wifein. CA'RNOUS, Adj. [caro, Lat.] flefliy, ap- plied to animals. In Botany, a foft filbflance fimilar to that of flefh in animals. CA'IWL, S. [ca'oUe, Fr. caroUa, Ital. from chorola, Lit. a fmal! choir, or X'^'t"^> ^^' joy] a fcng of joy, exultation of feftivi- ty, applied to the tuftic anthems of countr/ fingers C A R ungers at Chriftmas ; any kind of fong. To CA'ROL, V. N. [carolan, Ital.] to fing with great joy and feftivity. Actively, to praife in anthems or fongs. CARO'USAL, S. [from caroufe] a feftival, or holiday, celebrated with mirth, pomp, and feftivity. " This game, thefc caroujah, Af- canius taught," Dryd. To CARO'USE, V. N. [pronounced ca- rcwze I from caroujfer, Fr. carace, Span.^ to drink freely. Aflively, to drink to j to drink a health. CARO'USE, S. [pronounced carowxe] a drinking match ; a large draught. CARO'USER, S. [from caroufe and er] one who drinks freely ; a toper. CARP, S. [carf>e, Fr.] a large frefti-water fifli, remarkable for its being able to live out of water. To CARP, V. N. [carfo, Lat,] to cen- fure, find fault wiih, or blame, including the idea of forwardnefs and reproach. CARPENTER, S. [cbarper.tkr, Fr.] oqe who performs the feveral offices of cutting, joining, flooring, dr other wood-work, rel<uive to houfes, buildings, or fl)ips. CA'RPENTRV, S. [from carpenter zni ty, oi 'Ttc, Sax.] the art of building either houfes or /hips with wood. CARPER, S. [fronn carp ini tr] a perfon fond of raifing objeftions j a caviller, or cen- forious perfon. CARPET, S. \karpet, B;lg. carpetta, Ital.] a covering of ftuff or other materials, com- monly fpread over tables, or laid on floors. The phrafe of a thing s Wing on the carpet, is to exprefs its being in hand, in debate, or the objedl of confideration. To CA'RPET, V. A. to fpread with a carpet. Figuratively, applied v.'iih great ele- gance to the earth, to embellifli or adorn with flowers and herbs. *' Every where carpeted over with grafs." Denham. CA'RPING, Part, [from carp'] fond of ca- villing, raifing objettioiis, or finding fault; cenforioiis ; captiuus. CA'RPINGLY, Adv. [from carp}r.g and ^] in a captious and cenl'orious manner. CARPOCRA'TIANS, S. a branch of ih^ gnoflics, deriving their name from Oirpocratei, who held, that women (hould be commun, Wid that the (oul could not be purified, till it had committed the moft flapranr vices. CAR'RAT, S. See CARAT. CAR'RaWAY, S. See CARAWAY. CA'RRIAGE, ij. [Fr.] a vci.iclc ul'ed to tonvey perl'ons or goods from one place to an- other ; the aft of conveying things from one {>Iice to another; the price paid for the con- veying of goods. Figuratively, perlonal ad drcis and bchav our ; condudt, or p>a£\iccs ; proceedings, or the manner ot tranfai-ling any aftair. The carriage of a cannon is the frame tif tiuiber on which it is mounted. ^A'RRIER, S. [Iiom carry and ^r] one CAR who conveys or moves a thing from one plac' to another; one who conveys goods t'rom oa town or place to another. In Natural Hiftory« a fpecies of pigeons, io called from their car- rying letter?, c^c. tied to tber necks, to the place where they were bred, be it ever fo re- mne. CA'RRION, S. \charogre, Fr. carog»a, Ital. caro, Lat.J the flerti of a dead c^rcafs ; any purified flefli not fit for food. Figura- tively, a coarfe, grofs, difagreeable perfon j a term of reproach. CA'RRION, Adj. [See the noun] relating to a dead or putrified carcafs ; fee<4ing on dead carcaifes. " A prey for can ion kites ani crows." Skak. C.\'RROT, S. [carote, Fr. carota, Ital.] In Botany, a well known kitchen root, called the daucus. It is ranged by Linnaeus in the :d feft. of his :;thclafs. CA'RROTY, Adj. red, applied to red- hair'd people, from the refemblance of the colour of their hair to that of a carrot. To CARRY, V. A. [charier, Fr. acaiiar, Ital. kiranidan, Perf.] to remove a thing from one place to jmther. Ufed with off, to kili or put an end to a perfon's life. " If the change of the weather had not carried him 0^." Temple, To carry on, to profecuce, con- tinue, or perfevere in an undertaking, notwith- ftanding all oppofitions. Joined with through,. to fupport, or enable a perfon to fuftain and fu-rmount. " That grace will carr<i us vicflo- rioufly through ciifficulties." Hammond. CART, S. [lart, Brit.] a land-carriage, with two wheels, drawn ty horfer. Figura- tively, any vehicle, or carriage." " Tripto- lemus ftrevved plenty from his carr divine." Dryd. CARTEL, 5. [ft. cartdh, Ital.] certaia terms or ftipulations fettled between perlons at varlariie. In War, applied to the conditions made by enemies for the mutual exchange of prifoners. CARTER, S. one who drives, and gets his living by driving a cart. CA'RTILAGE, S, [cdrtilc'go, Lat.] in Anatom), a fmooth, folid, umtorm, elaftic fubftance. fofter than a bone, but more folid' than any other part, without cavities tor marrow, or any nerves or membranes for fenfation. CARTILA/GINEOUS, or CAPvTILA'- GINOUS, Adj. [from csralajrel tonfilting ol cjrtil 'gfs. CAR'l O'ON, S. [cartone, Ital.] in Paint- in|», a drawing or Ike'th upon ftrong paper, to be(liaiked through upon a wall, in order to be p lintcd in treffo. CaRTO'UCH, S. [f. ri'O^ounced cari toi.'h, Uom cartouche, or ^itrgouch:,Vx.\ ACi^s. ol wood three inches thick ;ii the bottom, girt round with marlin, containing 48 mulket- 1>j1!s, and 6 or 8 b..lls of iron of a pound wei[,ht ; being- fiicd out of a hobitj or fmali O • mortar. CAS mortir, for the defence of a pafs ; llkewlfe ule.J for a cartridge. CA'RTRAGE, or CARTRIDGE, S. [canouche, Fr.] a charge of powder wrapped up in thick paper, pafle board, or parchment, tor charging fire-arms with the greater expe- di'.ion, CA'RTULARY, S..\ (torn chart a, Lat.] a place where papers or records are kept. To CARVE, V. A. \(e',rf:n. Sax. kerven, Belg. kcrbe, Teut.J in Sculpture, to cut wood, ftcne, or ether matter, into the fornns of ani- m.ils, vegetable, &c. In Cookery, to cut or divide meat, CA'RVER, S. one who forms ftaiue?, or oihtr likeneHes, in wood, ftone, or marble. In Cookery, one who cti's the meat. CA'RVING, S. [verbal noun] the art of tutting images, or other likenelTes in wood, ftone, or marble. CA'RUNCLE, S. \caruvcuh, Lat.] in Anarrmy, a little piece oi fiefh. The earun- cultv liicb'yrralt^, are two fmall eminences in the inner corners of the eyes. CA'SCADE, S. [cauadc, Fr.] a fall of Water from a higher to a lower place. They ire either natural, as thofe of Tivoli ; or ar- tificial, as thofe at Verlaille";. CA'SCaN, S. in Fortification, holes or ca- vities, like vvcl s, r-ear a rampart, from whence a galleiy, dug in the fame manner, is con- vesed, to give air to tlie enemy's mine. CASE, S. ['■ajji. Fr.] fomething mavU to ccver cr contain a thing j a covering, fheaih, •r bux. CASE, S. [cafui, Lat, cat, Yi. cafs, Ital.] the outward iir external condition, ciicura- 4ance, or fiate of a perfen ; the ftate ot a thing. In Fhvftc, the ftate of the body. Ufcd with the paiticle /«, and the word gccd, lat or plump, and with the word iad, Jean or emaciated. Jn law, the reprefentation of any faif , fjueftion, or the w hole arguings of coun- fel on a particular point or circu.mftjiTce of a trial. Cafe, in Grammar, implies the various jhanges which nouns in Greek and Latin un- dergo in their feverslnumberSjto exprcfs the Se- veral views OT relations, under which the mind ccnliders things with regard tooneanotber. To CASE, V. A, to put in a cafe or cover. Figura'iveiy, to fuiround or inclofe, like a fgjt. '•■ The C'l/ing 3\t." S'raktjp. In Build- ing, to cover with materials different from thofe in the ir>fide. " Caje their houfes with marble, j^lu'llj. To fkin, or ftrip oil' the ikin. " Some fport with the fox, ere we cafe him." KEfi'an. Neuterly, to reprefent an aft'air in all tne various lights it will bear 5 to pu; cafes. To CASE-HA'RDEN, V. A. [from fa/l- and harden] to prepare iron, fo as to rendei its •ucward furface hard, an^i capable of refifling the file or any e ged tool. CA'SEMENT.S. [cafamtnto, lul.] a win- ^v>', opening upun i.ingei. CAS CASH, S. [t^jj'!'] in Commerce the TtiSf money a perfon is poflelfed of, CASHIE'R, S. [pronounced cajheer^» per- fon who keeps the money at a banker's of any public office To CASHIE'R, V. A. [pronounced ca- P?eir, from cajltr, Fr.J to difcard ; to deprive a perlon of liis pUce or port for fome mal- prjftice. CA'SH-KEEPER, S. one who is entruftei with the money of another. CASK, [cafque, Fr.] a round hollow cy- cloiiial vslTcl, ufed for keeping liquors, pro- vifionf, or dry goods. CA'SKET, S. a fmall box for jewels, or things of fmall dimenfions, but great value. Figuratively, any thing which contains fome- thing of great value. " Locked up within tha cajket of thy hrealf." Da-vies. CA'SPIAN Sea, S. a large colleaion of wi- ter (which fome reckon a lake, as it has no known efflux, or vifible communication with any other fea) l)ing between Tartary and Per- fia, in Afia. It is bounded by Aftracan and Calmuck Tartary on the N. Bccharao and part of Perfia on the E. another part of PerCa on the S. and another pjrt of the fame and of Circaflia on the W. It is fituated betviwen lat, 36 deg. 40 min. N. and between long, 47 deg. 50 min. E. Its leng'h from N. toS. is upwards of 400 miles ; and its breadth from E, to W. 3C0 ; but in many places much narrow>€r. Though it receives the great river Wolga, and near ico others into its bofotn, it never is increafed or diminifhed ; nor does it ebb or flow, though once in (ixteen years it is obferved to rile leveral fathoms, and to overflow the neighbouring countries ; by which inundation Aftrjcan has fometimes fuftered confiderably. In it are many iflands ; but none large or inhabited, except Enfil near Ter^bad, where are only a few huts for fifher- men. It has varioiis kin>:;s of fifh ; alfo fome good habours, but fit only for fmall craft. CaSSA'TION, S. ia Civil Law, the an- nulling or abrogating any procedure. CA'SSIA, S. in Botany, a tree growing in Alexandria, and in the WeOIndies, affordin; a clammy lubftance, nfeJ in the fhops for a purge. Likewife a Iragant fpice, fuppofed to be the b^-rk of a tree very like cinnamon. " All thy garments fmell of myrrh, aloes, and Mz/Ta." P[. xlv. 2. Ca'^'SSIOWARY, S. a hrge Eaft Indian bird of prey. C.I'SSOCK, S. a clofe, long garment, worn by ilertyrr>en, when in their robes, un"- uer tiieir gown. To CAST, V. A. [preter and part. pafTive caji ; (tomkaj^cr, Belg. J to throw at a diftaiice from a perlon by the hand. Ta caj} afidt, t» lav by as ufelefs. Ufed with dcwr, to fling or throw from a high place. In Law, to con-* demn, or get the better of an adveifary. /« .AirJiaoetic, l» caji up a fuoi, in order to find CAS its amount. To cajl an eye, to glince, or look at. In Foundery, to tn ike an image, Gff. by pouring metal into a mould. To caf a light , to refledt, or impart. Joined with aivay^ t< wreck or fiiipwrrck, applied to Tea affairs. To be caji doivn, to be difconfolate. low-fpiri;ed or dejefted on account of lome misfortune Ufed with out, to fpeak, give vent to, or uttet with rafhnefs and vehemence. " Why doft thou caft out fuch ungenetous terms V Addij. Cato. Ufed wih u^on, to be driven by vio- lence of the wind or lUefs of we^ther. " Cuji vpon a certain illand." ABi xxvii. 26. CAST, S. the aft of throwing a thing at a diftance by the hand". A fpecimen, or ftroke ; a particular motion of the eye ; a throw, or chance of a throw, at dice. In Painting, a ihade or tendency to any colour. CA'ST-AWAY, S. a perfon that \i in- volved in a multiplicity of misfortunes, and fetmingly abandoned by Providence. " Left when I have preached to others, I'myfelf fhould be cajl aioay" i Cor. iv. 27. GA'STER, S. [from fa/? and e,'\ one who fiings or throws. In Aiiihmetic, one who calculates. CASriGA'TION, S. [cajligatum, Lat.J punlflimenl infliftsd on a perfon in order to make him amenl his faul.s j penance, aifci- pline, or corrCclioa. CA'STIGATORY, AV). puniflilng, to make a perf'jn amend. CA'Sl'ING-KLT, S. a net which i- fptead by throwing it in the water, ufed in fifhing. CASTLE, S. [caJiJhim, Ln.] a place or edifice furiified by i.rt or n.iture to de'eni a town or city from an enemy. Cajile!, in the air, imply lome chimerical proje£t CA'i i'LE SOAP, S. a corruption of Ctf/?;7e fcaf. CASTING. S. the young of a brute ani- mal, whici) is laft before its time. CA'STOR and POLLUX, S. in Mereoro- logy, a fiery mcceur, which appejrs in ihe form of one, two, or three balls, adhering to fome part of a fliip. Wiien feen fuigle, 11 is named Helena, and /hews that tlse fevereit part of a ftotm is yet to come j when dou'nlc, c^\\\i.6 Caftor and Pollux, and portends a ccUj- tion of a flonn. CASTO'REUM, S. [Lit.] in Pharmncy, a liquid matter containea not in the tefticics, but in little bags, near the anus of ihe :.irtur To C.VSTR.'\TE, V. A. [cajlro; Lar.J to geld. Figiira"ivi.'ly, to cut feniences out ol any book. i-AS'TRATIONr, S. p,elding. CA'SUAL, Adj. [djiiel, Ir. from cafi.s, Lat. chance j f>methjng done without defigii ; fomelhing h<(ppenmg contrary to tnc comimiri laws of nature. CASUALLY, Aiv. [from cafual ani !y] in an accidental miiinur j wiihjui defign j b) f.haiice. C A f CASUALTY, S. an event that -s not fore- feen, or intended. Figuratively, any accident which puts an end to a perfon's life. CA'SUIST, S. [caftaf.e, Fr ] one wh» Indies and revolves nice points in caf;;S of con- 'cience. CASUI'STICAL, Adj. belonging to cafes of confcience, 01 practical p.irts of ethics. CA'SUISTRY, S. t.he fcience employed about Cifes of confcence, or nice points in pra£tical divinity, or ethics. CAT, S. [calh, Brit, chat, Fr.] a domeftic animal, which catches mice, reckoned th« loweft order of the lion fpecies, and fnppofed to fee in the daik, or with the leaf> glimmer- ings oflight, which may be owinp to the fa- culty it has of contra£ling and dil.iting the pu- pil of the eye in an extraordiniry man.ier. Lat in ihe pan, a phrafe ufed for a oerfon's changing fiijes, and cppofmg that inie'elt whichi he before promoted. Cat 0' nine tails, a whip with nine lalhes, ufe.iin punifhing criminals. CVTACHRE'SIS, S. [Gr. an abufej iti Rhetoric, a figure wherein the words are wreft- ed too m:jch from their primary fignitication., CA'TACHRE'STICAL, Adj. [from catd- chrejli^ appl ed to language, improper 3 iii- l'etch?d ; forced. CA'TACOMBS, S. [from ktIx and x'j/u^o;, Gr. hollow] grottoes or fabtc.'raneous cavities for the burial of the dead. CATACOU'STICS, S. [from xala and cmovcti, Gr. to hear] the fcience of reflefting founJs or ecchoes. C ArALE'PSIS,S.[Gr. from ><.al:t\ay.'xrv^ Gr. to feize upon] a difeafe, wherein a perTon loles the ufrof all his I'enfcs. CATALOGUE, S. [K^.Ta\oy!>i, Gr.] a lift or particular enumeration of things in foms order, wherein they are mentioned in fepirate lines or artic'es. CA'f^MlTE, S. a perfon kept by the an- ti«nt Romans, and the modern Italians, for the vileft of purpofcs. CATAMOUNTAIN, S. a fierce and wili animal, rcf-mbling a cat. C A'TAPULT, or CATAPULTA , [Lat ] A militjry engine invt-nted by the Syrians, for ihrowirit; ftoiic.s, and fnmctim.'S hugs daitsoir javrrin'. ol JO or 12 (ei5t in lengfh, CATARACT, S. [ from xaTajras-tfa, Gr.] in Natural Hiftory, and Cofrao^raphy, a pre- cipice in the middle of a river, caufed by a r.-'ck I'lopping its flrearn, from vvlience the water Ulh wiih great violence and noifc. Am.injj the m..ft remaikaiije are thofe of the Nife •nd D inube in Europe ; and thai ot Niagara in .America. In Medicine, a total o' partial lo.S , officii t. CAT.A.'RRH, S. [from .tj^ra and hci,Cr.] to flrw] in Meiiicine, a ociTuxioii ot feious inatifJ trom the head o» the month, alpera irtena, and rhe lungs, srifingfrom a cold, or Jii.iinuiion of infenlisle perfpiration, which wCCalioft iiritations. O 7, CATA'RR'cIAE.. CAT €ATAR'IIHAL, or CATAR'RHOUS, Adj. proceeding trorn a catarrh, CATA'STROPHE, S. [Gr,] in Poetry, the change or revolution in the laft aft of a phy, or the turn which unravels the intrigue, and concludes the piece. Figuratively, a dfcad- fu\ event or accident, which terminates in a perfon's ruin, mifery, Or death. CA'TCALL, S. a kind of fliort whiftle, vith J pcd included in its infide, made nfe ot at play hoiifes, to hinder an aftor from proceed- ing in his parr, and to fhew difapprobation of any dramatic performance. To CATCH, V, A. fpreter, I catcbed, or taught, I bafe catcbed, or have caught, from ketfen, Bclg.] to feize or lay hold on fudden- ly with the hand. Figuratively, to intercept any thing in motion. " To catch the breeze of breathing air." j4ddif. To purfue, or take any thing that is running from one ; to receive any falling body, or prevent it from reaching the ground j to receive a difeafe by infeftion j |o contradl ; to Ceize fuddenly j to captivate, charm, or feize the affeftions, alluding tothe taking prey in toils. " The foothingarts that Match the fair." Uled neuterly, to be infec- tious ; to fpread by contagion. Figuratively, to fpread or increafe from one to another, applied to bodies orthings which lie near one another. " Does the fedition catcb from man to man." Md,f. CATCH, S. [from the verb] the aft of feizing any thing which flies, or hides ; the pofture proper for feizing. " Lay upon a catch.'" ylddif. A taint ; any thing which fallens by a fudden fpring, or by entering into a loop or •avicy, *' The ftf/cA of a door." In Mufic, 2 fhort fong, containing fome merry tune, CA'TCHER, S, [from catch and er] one who catches, or that in which any thing is ^taught. CA'TCH POLL, S. at prefent a word of reproach, and contempt for a bailiff", or his followers ; formerly ufed without reproach for a Cerjeantat mace, or any other, who ufed to arreft men upon any juft caufe. C A'TCH-WORU, S, in Printing, the word ■ nderthelartline, at the corner of ii page, with which the next page begins. CATECHETI'CAL, Adj. [from xal^;;^'^** Cr.) confiftingof (jueflions and anfwers. CATECHETi'CALLY, Adv. by way of •ujpflions and anfueu. To CA'TECHISE, V. A. [from ic^lnxiX'-", Gr.] to affC a perfon queftions in order to aif- sover fecrtts ; to examine, interrog;Ue, or qucftion. CA'TECHIZER, S. [from cau:hif(it\d er] one who teaches a perfon, or tries whether he can fiy his catecbifin ; one who queftions, ex- amines, or endeavours to make difcoveries by queftions. CA'TECHISM, S. the peculiar doarines or articles of Chriftianity, drawn by way of i^uefliun anvi anfwer* T^is method of inflruc CAT tion was pfaftifed even by the Jewf, m5, ■•* to mention it being adopted by Socrates, by almoft all nations. CA'TECHIST, S. [xalji^if);, Gr.] one who teaches or inftruifts perfohs in the firft principles of religion, by way of <|ueftion and anfwer. CATECHU'MEN, S. f)ta7«x»";uivoj] in the Primitive Church, a candidate for baptifm* CATECHU'MENICAL, Adj. belonging to a catechumen. CATEGO'RICAL, Adj. [from category} pofnive ; abfolute ; affirmative j adequate. CATEGO'RICALLY, Adv. in a pofitive, exprefs, abfolute manner. CA'TEGORY, S. [xJnyoji*, Gr.] in Lo- gic, a fyftem or alfemblage of ail the beings ranged under one kind or genus, called in Latin a predicament. CA'TENARIAN, Adj. [from catena, Lat.] relating to a chain ; refembling a chain. In Mathematics, the Catenarian Curve is formed by a rope ot chain hanging freely between twa points whereon its extremities are fattened. CATENATION, S. [fromMf^na, Lat. a chain] the ad of linking together, or con- taining like a chain. To CA'TER, V. N. [SeeCATES] to provide food ; to buy in viftuals. CA'TERER, S. a man employed to pro- vide and buy in victuals for a family. CA'TERESS, S. a woman who buyj in provifions for a family. CA'TERPILLER, S. in Natural Hiftory, a reptile, from whence butterflies or moths are produced, covered with hair, formed of annular fcales, having fmall holes on its fidea for refpiraiion, with feveral feet, andfurnifli- ed with a glutinous fubftance, which it emits from its mouth, and makes ufe of as ropes to defcend from any height. To CA'TERWAUL, V. N. to make a noife like csisin their rutting time. Figura- tively, to make a difagreeablc noife ; to aban- don One's fclf to luft. GATES, S. [katter, Belg.] nice and ele- gant food ; cakes ; or rich dirties. CATHA'R PINGS, S. fmall ropes in a (hip, running on little blocks from one fide of the fhrouds to the other, near the deck. CATHA'RTIC, or CATHA'RTICAL, Aoj. [from xaSa^jawj, of Ka9cufx, Gr. to cleanfe] cleanfing. Applied in Medicine to purges, or tiiofe medicines which cleanfe the body by ftool ; but in a more extenfive fenfe^ to all kiudsof medicines which cleanfe the bo- dy. Figuratively, any thing which cleanfes the body from impurities. " Cathartics o( the mind " Dec. cf Piety, CATHA'RTICALNESS, S. the quality of cleanfing, or purging. CA'THEAD, S. in Natural Hiftory, a fof- fil, confifUng of nodules with leaves in it, of an iron Itene, and found in the rocks near Wiiitehive.a, aad Cumberland. CATHE' C A V CATHE'DRAL, Adj. [horn catbtdri:,Lst. x«5eJ/>a, Gr.j epifcopal, or containing the fee er Teat of a bi/hop ; belonging to a cathedral. CATHE'DRAL, S. [from xaflsJfa, Gr. a feat] the chief church of a diocefe, where the fervice is fung. CATHETER, S. [Or.] in Surgery, a hollow probe or inftrument, ufually of filver, and fometimes crooked, generally thruft up the bladder to aflift the difcharge of urine, when the paffage is ftopt by the ftene, or any other diforder. CATHE'TUS, S. in Geometry, a perpen- dicular, or a line falling perpendicularly on another line, or furface. In Architefture, a line fuppofed to crofs the middle of a cylindri- cal body, as a column, &c, CA'THOLIC, Adj. fxa9o^ixof, Gr. unl- verfal. UCed fometimes for true, in oppofi- tion to heretical or fchifmatical. Roman Ca- tholic, is a title which the papifts claim or ar- rogate to themfelves. Catholic king, or mayfly, Is the title of the king of Spain. CATHO'LICON, S. in Medicine, a re- medy which cures all dirorders. Figuratively, that which isan univerfal prefervative." — The contemplation of the laft judgment. This is indeed a catbolicon againft all fins." Gcv. of the 7ongue. CA'TLING, S. [kats kins, Teut.] in Sur- gery, a difmembering knife, ufed for cutting off any corrupted part of the body. In Boia- ny, the down or mofs growing about walnui- trees, refembling the hair of a cat. CATO'PTRICAL, Adj. [hom catoptric] relitlng to catooirics, or vilion by reflection. CATOTTRICS, S. [from xaToTrT^oi/, Gr.] the doftrine of reflex vifion ; or that part of optics which treats of, or delivers the laws of, light refle£led from mitrorsor polifhedfurfaces. CAT'S-EYE,S. among jewellers, a ftone of the opal kind, but far interior to it in bpauty. CA'T'S-SILVER, S. in Natural Hiftory, a foffil compofed of plain, parallel, fltrxit>le, elaftic plates, an i of a yellow or golden, white, lilvety, or black colour. CA'TTLE,S.acolle£live noun for four-foot- ed animals, which ferve either for tilling the ground, or for food to mankind 5 diftinguifhed into black cattle, which comprehend horfef, ojcen, bulls, cows, and their young; ani likewife into Jmall cattle, under which arc comprehended rams, ewes, lambs, gna's, &c. Figuratively, p:rfons ; a word of reproach and contempt, as it places the human fpeties on a level with brutes. CA'VALCADE, S. [from cai'alcade, Fr.] a pompous proceffion on horfeback, or in coaches. CA^VALIER, S. [cavalier, Fr.] a knight, gentleman, or foldier who rides on horfeback ; a horfeman. Figuratively, a term of reproacff* given to thofe who adhered to king Charles in the great rebellion. CA'VALIER, Adj. [fr^m the fubft.] gay, C A V fprlghtly, warlike, brave, generous, politp. Sometimes in a quite contrary fenfe, /. e. proud, haughty, difdainful. CA'VALIERLY, Adv. in a brave or po- lite manner. But, by the writers in king Charles's time, ufed for a difdainful, haughty, and arrogant manner. CA VALRY, S. [caiialiere, Fr. cavaliere, Ital.] foldiers who fight and maich on horfe- back, divided into horfe and dragoons. The horfe never ferve but on horfeback, being named likewife troopers, ot hia^vy cavalry. The dragoons fight either on horfebaftc or on foot, as occafion requires, and are named light horfe. When an army is drawn up in battle array, ihe ca-vjilryzt^ ported in the wings ; and bodies of cavalry, ranged in order of battle, are term- ed fqiiadrons. _ To CAVA'TE, V. A. [from cai-atum, fu- pine of cave, Lat.] ts fcoop, bore, or dig any folid matter into a hollow ; to m ike hollow. CA'UDLE, S. [chaiieau, Fr.J a liquor fometimes made with beer, oatmeal, fcfi:. fome- times with water, oatmeal, fpices, and a fmall dafh of wine, ufed by women in their lying- in, being both diaphoretic and balfamic, and adminiftered with fuccefs to thofe who have the fmall-pox. To CAU'DLE, V. A. to make caudle ; to mix as caudle. Figuratively, to have the ef- fe£ts or properties of caudle. " Can the cold brook-T-canilied with ice, caudle thy morning tafle ?" Shake fp, CAVE, S. [cave, Fr.] a hollow place made in a rock, or under ground, which runs in an horizontal direction. Figuratively, an hollow thing. " The fa7« of the eye." Bacon. To CAVE, V.N. [from the noun] to dwell in a cave, or fubterraneous place. " Such as we caTe here, haunt here." Shakefp. Ca'VEAT, S. [La^] in Law, a kind of procel's in the fpiritual court to flop the pro- bate of a will, the granting letters of admini- ftration, or the inffitution of a clerk to a be- nefice, fife. Roll. Rep. 191. CA'VERN, S. [caverna, Lat.] a hollow place under ground. CA'VERNED, Adj. full of caverns ; hol- low ; undermiiUd. Figuratively, dwelling in a cavern. " tio cavern d hermh.^'' Pope. CA'VERNOUS, Adj. full of caverns, or hollow places un.ier ground, CAVETTO, S. [Ital. from cavus,,L3t. hollow] a hollow member, or round concave moulding, containing a quadrant or quarter of a circle. CAUGHT, P-irticiplepreterof Catfb. CA'VIARE, CA'VEARE, orCA'VlER, S. [caviare, Ital.] the hard roes of fturgeoi* lahed, made into fmall cakes, and dri-id in the fun. To CA'VIL, V. N. [caviller, Fr. caviUari, Ital.] to raife frivolous objections. CA'VIL, S. a groundlefs or frivolous ob- jection. O 3 CAVIL- CA U CAVILLA'TlON, or CAVJLLINQ, S, a difpofition, ii cliration, or quality of raifinf gj^undlefs objf£\ion?, or finding f«u!t with thinjjs withovit reafrn. CA'VjLLLR, S. one wl o make' cround- lefs, frivniuu?, or impertinent obif<fi'.ons. CA'VILUNGLY, Adv. objefting in t groundlefs or (tivolous manner. CA'VILLOUS, Adj fond of objefling, or ftartinp grounoiefs objidHons. CA'VIN, S. [Fr. from ca-ve] a natural hollow, fit to cover a body of troops, and f<i- vtur their approaches. CA'VITY, S [ca-vitas,^ Lat.J hollowr.ers ; a hollow; a htllcw piece. CALK, S. in Natural Hif.ory, a coarfe f!a!ky fpir. CAU'KV, Adj. reTembling, or partaking of the qualities of cauk. CAUL, S. \cau/, Brit.] a kind of netting, or hair cap, iif«cl by women to inclife their hjir in ; the hinder part of a woman's cap ; the filk nt Cling in the infide of a wig. on which the rows of curls are fewed. Figur:'. tively, a kind of net. In .Anatomy, the o- mentum, or reticulum, a rr.errbrane in 'he abdomen. Likewife a membrane (our.d on the hsa.* of feme children at their birth. CAULKFEROUS, Acj. in Botany, applied ^D fwih plan's as have a true fialk. CAULI/FI.OWFPs., S. [generally pro- nounced f;//'y?-.>jf["»-. imm C'.juhs, Lat. a ftalk, ani!y;,;it'f J lii Botany, a ipecies of cabbage : this plant was brought from Cypn^s, and not raifed to furh perftdtion as to be !old in a mar- ket till i6So. ■ To CAULK, V. A. See CALK, whichis the moft proper fpelling. ■ CAU'.SaCLE, Adj. [from Mr,/f and a/'iVj that which may be produced or eft'i:<ned. CAUSE, S. \cauje, Fr. of ca-./j, Lat. J that which makes a thing begin to be ; th^t whic!) produces anv thing. A Jirft (aufe, is thai ■\\ hith operatt sof iilelf, and from its o«n pro- per power cr virtue. A fecndary cauje, is that which derives its pqwertrom Tnie other. Fi- gurstively, the real'on or motive for any un- dertaking. In a Lav/ Senfe, the inailer in difprne, or fu'b'"edl of a lavv-luit j fometimes a law-t'uit. ■ To CAUSE, y. A. to produce any effea ; t ef;e£>. ■" CAU'SELESLY, Adv [from f^jr^/if;} and ly\ in a grourdlel's inani-.er; without founda tion : WMhcut reafcn ; urjullly. C.'VU'SF.LESS, Adj <fe"rived fromnocaufe. .^' IWi ca:ijclcjs power the caufe of all things known." A/i>.' "Without juft grounds, rea- fons, or motives. " My fears aie caitjehfs and ungrrunded." Derkam. ' CAV'SER, S. [ixcm cauJe znA er] hf that proiuce', or the apent by yvhich any thing is cfi'eif.ed or produced. ■ C.AU'SFY, or CAU'SEWAY, S. a maf- Jive cuHcilion of i^ones, flakes, and fAinet, C E L bricks, broken tilej, and lumber; or an cl-s- vation of vifcous earth well beaten together, I'erving as a natrow road or path in wet of marftiv places. Ca'U'STIC, or CAUSTICAL, A^j,[xal«, Gr.] in Meoicir.e, that which operates like fire, both with reipi-ft to the heat it occafions, ?nd the coniuniption it caufes in the parts to which It is iopiied. CAU'STIC, S. in Medicine, a remedy which operates like fire, by deltroying the vciTels of the part to which it is applied. It is ufed to eat cfl'' proud flflh, .''ungus's, fefr. CA'UTELOUS, Adj. [cauteleux, Fr.] wa- ry, cautious, circum^pe£t. Sometimes ufed in a bad fente for wily, cunning, treacherous. " They are fo cauiehus and wily-headed." S^erjfr. C.'\UTERlZA'TION, S. [fn^m cauterize} the adl of conlumirg flffti by burning hot iron?, cr canflic mt-dicines. To CA'UTERIZE, V. A. [cauterifer, Fr.] in Surgery, to eat or confume a part by the "Pplication of a cautery. CAl'TERY, S. See CAUSTIC. CA'UTIONr, S. [Fr. ca^ti,, Lat J a pru- dfnt manner of afting j warinefsj forefi^ht } warnine, CA'UTIONARY, Adj. given as a pledge, or a fecurity, CA'UTiOUS, Adj. [from cactus, Lat.] guardine againft any lulpedted trick j wary j watchful. C A'UTIOUSLY, Adv. in a wary manner, oppofed to i.-'ilinefs. ' CA'UTIOUSNESS, S, the quality of tak- ing fuch me^fures as nuy prevent any misfor- tune ; a prudent, wary condu(ft. To C A'W, V. N. [formed from the found] to mske a no fe like a crew, r?ven, or rook. To CEASE, V. N. fcr/ler, Fr. from .#, Lat.] to former or rtifuniinue an a<fHoii or cuftoin 3 petfon is < ng-iged in. To reft, uftrd w'nhJ'riDri. Ailively, to put a flop or an end to. CEASE, S. death, or txtlnaion, "The ceiife ol majefiy." CE'ASELESS, Adj. [frem ceafe anH !efs] without fliip, inierniiflion, paufe, lefpite, or dircontinti..r,f n ; wirhou' end. CECU/TIFNCY, S. {cctcuflenfia, Lzt.J a ter.dency to blindnefs j a dimnefs of fight. CL'DAR, S. [cetJiu!:, Lat. J in Botany, a famous tree, a native of nioum Lilianus, men- tioned in Scrii'tu'c as remdrkabie for its height, and the extent of it": branches. It is an ever green, prodigious thick, and relembles a pyramid. CE'DRTNE, A-j [n^rinus, Lat.] of or be- lonp.int to ihe tejar -'ee. To CEIL, V. A, [colo, Lat. J to overlay, or cover the inner root of a building. CE'ILING, 5. [from ai/l the upper part or roof of a roi m. To CE'LEBRATE, V. A. [cMro, Lat.] C E M t© make honour.ible mention of; to make a thing famous. Figurativc-ly, to praife or com- rnend; toenumer^te the blelTings received from the Divine Beinj.', with a heart lull of graiitnd ; to perform the folemn rites appropriated to any particular day or feftival, CELEBRA'TION, S. [from cekbratum, of tekbro, Lat.J the performance of any rite ap- propriated to fonne feftival ot folemnity. Figu- ratively, praife, fame, renown, memorial, or honourable mention. CELE'BRIOUSLY, Adv. in a famous manner; in fuch a manner as to communi- cate fame. CELE'BRIOUSNESS, S. [from celebrlous, and nefs] renown, fdme, or qualities which are the cbjefts of efteem and approbation. CELE'BRITY, S. [ale^ntas, Lat.] the ■performing of any rite ; renown; fame. "The manner oi her leceivmg, and the ahhrity of the marriage.''' Bacon. CE'LERITY, S. [ukrUas, Lat.] fwiftnefs ••f motion; velocity; rapidity. CE''LERY, S. in Botany, a fpecles of parf- ley. CELESTIAL, Adj. [c^elefts, Lat. from ccelum, heaven] in the heavenly regions; be- longing to heaven, or angelical. U(ed fub- ftantively for an inhabitant of heaven " The unknown ce/ejiial \eath.'^ Papers Ody£'. CELE'STJALLY, Adv. in a heavenly manner, oppofed to earthly. To CELL'STIFY, V. A. [from ccelefth, Lat. heavenly, and Jio, to become] to cr^m- municate or endue with the properties oi hea- ven. " Earth but heaven cdijlified.'''' Brown. CELI'BACY, S. [i'iom caW's, Lat.J the unmarried orfingle ftate, oppofed to marriage. CE'LIBATE, S. [c^libatus, Lat.] a fingle life ; the fame dS celibacy. CELL, S. [ce!/a, Lat. from xciXft?, Gr, holiaw] a hollow place; a little houfe, apart- ment, or chamber, wherein the ancient monks •ufed to dwell i.n their retiiement ; a fmall or clofe apartment in a prifon. In Anatomy, little bags, bladders, or cavities wherein fluids, or other humours are lodged. In Botany, the partitions or hollow places in the hufks or pods of plants, which cantain the feeds. In Natural Hiftnry, the little divifions, or par- titions of bee-hives, in which the honey is flored. CE'LLaR, S. [ce!/a, Lat, kelhr, Belg. and Teut. KciXof, Gr. hollow] in Building, a place under- ground for keeping itores, orilie loweJl room of a houfe. CE'LLARAGE, S. the part of a building appropriated to cellars ; cellar- room. CELLU'LAR, Adj. \ce!lula, Lat. a littj. fell, a diminutive from ce//a, Lat. a cell] con fifting of, or abounding in little cells or cavities ■ CEMENT, S. [c-fmentum, Lat.J any glu- tinous lubftance ufed to (lick two bodies toge ;het. Figuratively, that which, unites, or i-Qtces axi unioit beiween things. C E N To CEMENT, V. A. to unite by fome glutinous fubftance, fuch as mortar, (S'c. Figuiatively, to unite (iiflerent people in the bonds of friendflitp, or by fome common tie of intereft, &c. To CE'MENT, V. N. to join together, (o a-, not to be eafily divided. In Surgery, ap- [•■licd to broken bones. CEMENTA'TIOK, S, the aft of joining bodies together by cement. CE'METRY, S. [xo;,mtit>jjjov, Gr.] a pla«« wherein the bodies of the dead are buried ; a church -yjrri, or burying grownd, CF.'NOTAPH, S. [from kevo,-, and rafof, Gr.] an honorary monument erefted for a per-* fon, whofe remains are buried in .-mother place ; fuch are mort of the monuments io Weflmin'^er-abbey. ToCENSE, V,A.[i?7:fM/<T, Fr.] to perfume with incenfe, Uled only in I'octry. CE'NSF.R, S. [erce^fcire, Fr.J the pan or velTel in which inceiife is burnt. CE'NSOR, S. [Lat.J a Roman magiflrate, employed to fiuvey and rate the people, and to infpett and corredt their manners. Ufed by moderns to fignify a perfon given to find fauit with and ccnfiire the condudV, aiftions, or pro- dtiftions of others, CENSO'RIAN, Adj. [from wn/or] relat- ing to a cenfor. CENSO'RlOlfS, Adj. morofely animad- verting on the faults of others, Ufed with of, or upon, before the objeft of cenfure. " Cen- forious ofh^s neighbours." IVatts, " Cenfarious upon all his : rethren." Siv'ift. CENSO'RIOUSLV, Adv. in a fevere man- ner; in fuch a manner as to condemn the foibles of others with the greateft rigour. CENSO'RIOUSNESS, S, a difpofitlon cf finding fault with the actions of others. CE'NbOR ^HIP, S. the office of a cenfor; or the time during which he continued in hie ofRcs. CE'NSURABLE, Adj. [from .«w>re aniii able] liable to be found fault with; worthy of cenliire ; blameabie. CE'NSURABLHNESS,S the quality which makes a thing the objedt ot blame or cenfure. CE'NSURE, S. i««;«ra, Lat. j the adl of blaming, or noting the detects which make an^y thing blameable ; a reproof or reprimand given by a perfon m authority. In F.cclefiaftic Go- vernment, a punifliment inflicted on a perfon tor tome remarkable mifdemcanor. To CE'NSURE, V. A. to reprove a perfon publicly for fome mifdemeanor, applied to ti>e reproofs of a fuperior ; to reprimand ; blame ; or find fault with. CE'NSURER, S, [from cerfure znA er] a peiCm who IS fond ot taking notice ot the taults of others; one who is addidled to re- proving others for their delefts. CENT, S. [an abbreviation of centum, Lat ] in Cnmtr.crce, ufeJ toexprels the profit or lo f* arilmg from the falc of asy commodity, the O 4 raL« C E N jrafe of commiiiion, exchange, or the intcren ot money, £fc. and fignifics the proportion or fum loft, i^c. in every lOO j thus lo per cent. lofs implies, that the feller hath loft ten pounds on every loo pounds of the price forwh'.ch he boii'iht 'he rommodity. CE'NTAUR, S. [centaurui, Lat.] an ima- ginary, or chimerical being, reprefented, by an- cient poets, as compofed partly of the human and partly of the brute fpecies, i. e. half a man and half a hurle. In Aftronomy, a cop.flella- tion in the fouthern hemifphere, joined with th''Wnir, conraining thirteen ftirs. CE'NTO, S. [Iral. and Lit. a cloak made of patchesj in Poetry, a piece wholly compofed of verfes from ether authors, wherein fome- times whole lines, and at others, half verfes, are borroweJ, but fet down in a new order, and applied to a fubie£l different from that in which thev were originaUy introduced. CE'NTRAL, Adj. [from centre] relating to the centre, or placed in the centre. " Central earth." Pcfe. Darkeft, or as dark as at the centre of the earth. " Cerirra/ ni^ht." Par. Z'Oji. Central forces, are thofe by which a body tends to, or removes from the centre. CE'NTRALLY, Adv. entirely ; perpendi- cularly; in 3 manner relating to the centre of gravity. " The whole weight refts centrally upon if." Dryd. CE'NTRE, or CENTER, S.[«i/r«m, Lat.] 3n its primary fe.Tl'e, •» point equally remote from either of the eiiremities of a line, figure, or body \ or the point or middle of a line or plane, which divides it into two equal parts. The center of a c'lrc'c, is a point within ii, from u hence all lines drawn to the circumference a re equal. Ccr.ier ofgra'V'tai'cr. or a:fra&ion,is that point to which a planet is im.pcUed in its mo tion by the foice of gravity. Centre cf gravity, IS that point ahout which all the paits of a body, in any fituation, ballance each other. Centre if moiion, is that point wh'ch remains at reft, while all the other pirts of a body move about it. Centre if ci^iUation, i' that point in •which, if the whole gravity of the pendulum were collcdled, the time of its vibration would receive no alteration. Centre if pfrcuj/ion, is that point in which the force of a flioke is the frsateft poiTible, Centre is u'ed figuratively, for the earth, in the Ptohmiic fyftemplaced in the centre, " The heavi-ns ihemfelves, (he planets, and this eentre^ Siak, To CENTRE, V. A. to fix on, or as a centre J to attend to, or be colleftcd together, as in a centre. " Thy joys are c:,:trfd all en me alone.'* Prior. Ufed neuierly, to meet, III; e rays in a centre; to l:e placed in the centre of the mundane fyftfm. " So thou cen- t'lin;-, receiv'ft from all thefe orb'." Par. ^oj} CENTRITETAL, Adj. [from centrum, Lat. and f:c:c, Lat. to tend towards] tending towards the cent>e._ Centripetal force, is that by which a body tends, ads, or, is impelled towards the centre. C E R CE'NTRY, S. See SE'NTRY, or SEN- TINEL, To CENTU'RIATE, V. A.[««/ur;»,Lat.] to c'ivide into hundreds. CENTURIA'TOB, S. [from centuridte'] an hifiorian who divides time into centuries, or fpaces confiding of an hundred ye»rs. CENTU'RION, S. [centurio, Lat.] a mi- litary ofiicer among the Romans who conn- m-indtd an hundred men. CE'NTURY, S. [centurij, Lat.] the fpace of a hu-ndred years, applied to time. A hun- dred men, anplied to perfons, CE'PH.ALALGY, S. [from x;<f>»H Gr, a head, and a?.yvi, pain] the head-ach. CEPHA'LIC, Adj. [from xifx\n, Gr. the head] in Mecicine, remeaies for diforders ia the head. CE'RaTE, S. [from cera, Lat. wax] in Medicine, a kind of d-.ff ointment, made of oil, wax, and other ingredients, ufed exter- nally. CE'-RATED, Adj. [ceratus, Lat.] covert^ with wax, or cerate. To CERE, V. A. [from cera, Lat. vwax] to rub upon, or cover with wax. " Brown thre.id cered.^'' }Vifem. CE-'REBEL, S. [cerebellum, hit. ] the hin- der p?rt of the brain. CE'REBRUM, S, [Lat.] the brain, pro- perly fo called. See BRAIN- CE'RECLOTH,S. a cloth covered or fprea^ with cerate or other ointment. CE'REMENTS, S. [from cera, Lat. wax] cloths dipped in mehed wax or gums, in which dead bodies were formerly wrapped when em- balmed. CEREMO/NIAL, Adj. [from ceiemony] that which relates lo a ceremony, or externa^ rite. Figuratively, cenfifting in mere exter- nal fliow; formal. Subllantively, an external rite, or book contjjning the ceremonies to be obferved in religion", wotlhip. CERE.MO'NIALNESS, S. the quality of abounding in external rite', and modes of wor- iTiip ; the mere external /hew of devotion, piety or virtue. CEREMO'NIOUS, Adj. [from ceremonyl confining in external or outward rites ; fuper- ftitious, or fond of ceremonies; formal; too much given to the prad^ire of external afls of civility and polite addrefs. Figuratively, aw- ful. " O the facrifice, how ctremonioui, fo- lemn, and unearthly." Sl.ak. CEREMONIOUSLY. Adv. in a politq and civil manner. CEREMO'NY, S. [certmr,nia, Lat.] aa afi'cmbhge of ftveral aftions, forms and cir- cumflances, in order to render a thing mora folemn ; an outward rite, or external form in religion; polite addrefs. CE'RTAIN, Adj. [certus, Lat.] that which cannot be denied without obftinacy ; refolved, er determined j fure, fo as to admi; no doubt, P'R- C E S CE'RTAINLY, Adv. without doubt, quef- tion, fcruple, or fail. CE'RTAINTY, S. [from certain] divided by Metaphyficians, into cirtmnty of truth, which is when words arc fo put together in propofitions,as exaftlytoexprefs the agreement or difagreement of ideas, as exprefled in any propofition. '2.^\'j,Ceita]ntyofkno'wledge, which is the perceivingihe agreement or difagreement of ideas, as exprefied in any propofition; this is called the incwing or being certain of the truth of any propolition. A phyjica/ certainty is that which depends on the evidence of fenfe. A mathematical certainly, is that which no man any ways doubts of, as that loo is more than i. A moral certainty, is that whofe proof depends on a due connexionof circumftanceSjandclear- nefs of teftimony; and when thefe concur, cannot be doubted of without obftinacy. Fi- guratively, an event which muft neceflarily and unavoidably happen. CERTKflCATE, S. [r^rn/f/o, low Lat.to certify] a teftimony given in writing, to certify or make known any truth. Figuratively, any teftimony. To CERTI'FIE, or CERTIFY, V. A. [certifier, Fr.] to give certain notice of a thing. CERTIORA'RI, S. [Lat.] a writ iffued out of the Chancery or court of King's Bench, dire£led to an inferior court, to call up the re- cords of a caufe there depending. CE'RTITUDE, S. [certitude, Lat.] an afl of the judgment, importing the adhefion cf the mind to the propofition it affirms, or the ftrength of evidence which occafioni thatadhe- fion ; free from doubt. See CERTAINTY. CERVI'CAL, Adj. [cer-vicalis, Lat.] be- longing to, or fituated in the neck; the cer'vi- cal ner-vez and 'vejj'eh, in Anatomy, are fo call- Cii from their being fituated in the neck. CE'RVJX, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the hind part of the neck, oppofed to the jugulum, throat, or fore-part. CERU'LEAN, or CERU'LEOUS, Adj. [cArukus, Lat.] blue, or /ky-blue. CERU'MEN, S. [Lat.j ear-wax. CE'RUSSE. S. Iceruja, Lat.] white-lead reduced to a powder, diluted with water on porphyry, and formed into a pifte. CES ADRIAN, Aflj. [from Cafar] 'n Ana- tomy, the cefareanfefiion, is the cutting a child from its mother's womb, either dead or alive. CESS, S. a tax; the aft of levying rates, or taxing. CESSA'TJON, S. [cfjjatio, Lat.] .1 paufe, reft, ftop, or vacation, including the idea of a change from a ftaie of aftivity or moiion to its contrary, that of reft. Figuratively, a truce, or forbearance of hoftile afts between two ar- mies, without a peace. CESSA'VIT, S. in Law, a writ which lies apairifta perfon who has not paid his rent, or performed his due fervice for the fpaceof two years, and has not fufFicient goods and chattels Ifl make an equivalent diftiefs. C H A _ CE'SSION. S. [Fr. cej/!c, Lat.] the aft of yielding or giving way to a ftroke or force, without reftiftance. " If there be a mere yielding, or cejjion." Bacon. In Common Law, an adt whereby a perfon transfers his right to another. CE'SSIONARY, AHj. See CESSION. CE'SSOR, S. [cefer] Fr. cejh, Lat.] m Law, a perfon who ceafethornegledcth to p.iy rent, or perform a duty, fo long, that a writ of eejhvit may be taken outagainft him. CES'TUS, S. [Lnt.] a girdle, which the poets afcribe to Venus, and pretend, that it adorns the perfon who wears it with irrefiftible charms. CETA'CEOUS, Adj. [from cete, Lat. a whale] refemblinga whale; of the whale-kind.- C FAUT, in Mufic, one of the notes in the gamut, or fcale. CH, in words purely Englilh, is pronounced fomewhat like rch, or a found not eafily to be conveyed by vvriting. In words derived from the French, it is fometimes pronounced like an/., as c^ai/ms pronounced like/?.af^,&c. In words derived from the Greek, like a k, as choleric, koleric i chronology, pronounced i^/ffno- Icgy. CHACE, S. See CHASE. CHAD, S. in Natural Hiftory, a round kind of fifli. To CHAFE, V.A.[echauff,r, Fr.] to warm by rubbing. Figuratively, to make fore by friflion, and heat. " Like an angry boar, chafed with fweat.'^ Shak. To v^arm, or fcent with aromatic perfumes. " Whole fcent fo chafd the neighbour air." Dryd. To make a perfon grow warm with anger. Neu- tetly, to grow angry, or fret at any oppofition or difappointment,beautifu!ly applied to inani- mate things. " The troubled Tiber chafing with his fliores." Shak. ^ CHAFE, S. [from the verb] anger, or peevifh warmth, owing to oppofition, flight, contempt, or difappointment. CH'AFER.S. [in Natural HiftoryJakinJ of ayellow beetle, with twoantenna: or honis. terminated with a kind of brufh or comb', making a very loud buzzing noife when flyin»| and appearing generally in the month of May| whence they are called M<^y/wibv the vulgar CHA/FERY, S. [(rom chuf.\ a' forge in an iron milljwherem the iron iswrought into bars CHAFF, S. [che,f, Sax. kaf Belg.J the huflcs, or outward dims of corn, which is fepa- rated from th.;ilonir by thrc/hing and winnow- ing. Figuratively, any thing of imall value ; any thing worthlcfs. To CHA'FFER, V. N. [iavffi'n, Belg.J to treat about or make a bargain; to haggle, to beat down a perfon in hi* demands or price. Utcd aaivcly, to buy; to truck or exchange one commodity for another, CHA'FFERER,S. one who buys bargains, or endeavours to purchafe a thing at lefs than the market-price; a haggler, CHAP- C H A CHA.'FrERY, S. the aft of buying or jfeJI'in^ ; trjffir. ] CH.VFFiNCH, S. a for g bird, fo tilled j from its dfliehiine in chzft. 1 CHAFTING-blSH, S. [from chafe zn'\ di^\ an utonfil mads ufe of to contain cools tor keeping any thing warm, or warming it whsn cold • CHA'FFLESS, Adj. wi-hout defe'^ cr h- vity. " The gods made thee — unlike all others, chnfi:Ji." ibak. CHA'Ft Y, Adj. full of chaff j like chafT. figuratively, light. CHA'GRlNjS. [pronounced^i7^r««, from ■tbagrtne, Fr.] unevenr.efs of temper ; ill hii- fnoiir ; difpleafure or peeviihnefs, arifina from any thing oone to vcx, or in oppofition to a perfon's inclinaiions. ^ To CHA'GRIN', V. A. {cbagrlrar, Fi.] to teafe ; to nnake uneafy CHAIN, S. [ckah.e, Fr.] a colleaion of tings or round piects ot rnetal jinked to each other, of divers lengths and thicknefs ; an or jiament ufed by fevera) magiftrates, and bor C H A CH'ALDER, CHA'LDRON, or CHAIT- DR.ON. S. a dry meafure ufed for coals, con- tijning 12 facks, or 36 bufhels heaped up, acv-ording to a ftandard fc.led and kept at Cj:i'lohjll, London. CHA'LICE, [Fr. cak. Sax. kekh, Teut. from ca!yx, Lat. j formerly ufed for a cup, or drinking veffel, with a foot to it. At prefeat appropriated to the va es or veffels ufed at the cckbration of the Eucharift, or Lord's Supper, CHALK, S. [pronounced chuulk, cahk, Biir. ceaU, ctaltf.iir.. Sax. chaulx, Fr.] a white fofill fubftance or marie •, for its purity, the brifknefs with which it fermenis with acids, the qiiicknefs with which it calcines with fire, and the time which it requires to unite with waier, exceeding all other maries. To CHALK, V. A. to rub with chalk ; to manure with chJk ; ufed with out, to mark, or defcribe with chalk. Figuratively, to d;re£V, point out, or difcover. " 1 might have chalited out a way for others." Dryd, CHAL'Ky, Adj. confifting of chalk j white wiih chalk. Applied to fluids, fuch as TOwed from the Goths. In Suiveying, a fe'ies h^ve chalk fteeped in them, and are impreg- of iron links, diftinguiihedinto 100 equal parts, •ui'ed for meafuring land. Figuratively, a ftate of flavery, or confinement ; a feries of things linked to, and dependent on one another. To CHAIN, V. A. [from the noun] to faften, fecure, or confine witJi a chain. Fi- guratively, to enflave. Or bring into a ftate ot flavery. " Wiqo chained his country." Potjd. To be defended by a chain. " The mouth of the haven ctaimd.'''' K'.olks. To unite in firm and indilTokible friennlhip. " In this vow do thain mv foul with thine." ^hak, CHA'IN-PUMP, S. a double pump ufed jn large fhips. CHA'IN-SHOT, S. two half hullets fa- fiened together by a chain, ufed in an engage- snent at ie^-i. nated with it. To CHA'LLENGE, V. A. {chaUer,gcr,Yl,'] to call, dare, or p.ovoke a perfon to fignt, ei- ther by fpeaking or writing. Figuratively, to dare or defy a perlon to enter into a literary contefion anv fubjeiV; to lay claii:! to as a right. CHA'LLENGE, S. a provocation, or fum- mons to engage in a duel, or combat, either uttered, or written 5 a claim of a thing as a due, or right, u'ed with of. In Law, an ex- ception againfl either perfuns, or things. CHA'LLENGER, S. one whodefie^^, pro- vokes, or fu.mmons another to fignt him ; one that claims a fuperioiity j one who claims a thing as his due ; a claimant. In Law, one who objefls to a iuror. CHALY'BEATE, Adj. [from chafy^s,L3t. CH.A'IN- WORK, S. work with openlfleelj part .king of the qualities, or impreg- /paces, or interftues leprefenting ;hc links o( a chain. CHAIR, S. \cbair, Fr.] a moveaUe feat for a Angle perfon, wi'h a back to it. A co- vered carriage in which per'^ons are conveyed ♦ rem one pl ice ro another, borne by two men ; a fedan. Figuratively, the place or poft ot a f rcat officer, j^ho-e the chair, in London, is apclied to thofe aloermen who h<ve borne the ofl^ce of lord-mayor ; re/orv the chair, to thdie who have not vet enjoyed that tlignity. The fest of juftice, or au^hori'y ; to taie the cbair, or he in the chair, implies that a peifon is pre- fidcnt, and prefides at an aflembly. CH.M'RMAN, S. one who fits in a higher chair than the refl of the mennber?, and pre fici's at an aiTembly or club ; one who cariits a rh.iir, or fedan. CHAISE, [Fr.^ a high open carriage, run- ning on two wheels, and drawn by a fingle horfe 5 likewife a vehicle rolled z four ivheel- cdckai/, and drown by f.vo or more horles. nated with Heel. CHAM, S the title given to the fuvereign princes in Tartary. CHAMA'DE, S. [from cb'mmata, Ital, to CIV curl a rettain beat t.f drum, or found ojf a trumpet, wheicby notice .s given to theene- my of fome piopofition to be made to them, either to furrender, have leave to bury the (leaH, m?ke a iruce, £fr. CHA'MBER, S. \fiawhcr, Erit chan.brej Fr. cavicr-a, Lar.] in Building, any room fitu- ated between the ground floor and garrets of a houfe. Figuiatively, a retired room in a houfe j an apart'rent, oc.cupie.i as a puuuc office, or court of juflice j any cavity or hollow j that part of 3 pun where;n the (.harge is lodged. To CHA'MBER, V. N. to be loofiee with women j to be wanton. Figuratively, to be contained as in a chamber, " The beft blood cha»:bc'ed in his bofom." '"^hji. CHA'.MBERER, S. [(wm ibarnber and er] one alven to women. CHAMI- C H A CHAM'BERLAIN, S. [kammerling, Teut. eJ:amhellan, Fr. cearr.beltano, leal.] an officer who has the care df a chamber. The /orj great cbamhcrlnin, is the fixth officer of the crown. Lord cbamherlain of the houjhold, has the overfight of all the officers belonging to the king's chambers, excepting the precimfl of the bed-chamber. In great towns, a receiver of their rents and revenues: and in London, the chamberlain has likewifc the cognizance oi all riifputes between maf^ers and apprentices, the power of in;prifoning the latter for mifde- meanors, and makes freemen, feff. CH'AMBrRLAINSHIP, S. [from cham- btrla'in znA fnp'] the office of a chamberlain CK'AMBILRMAID, S. a maid-lervant, who takf-s care of the chainbers, the lady'f dreflitig-rooTi, and aflifts the ladj's woman in drefTin^ her. CH'A,^fBLET, S. See CAMELOT. To CH'AMBLET, V. N. \x.an:ekt, Arab, •watered doth] to be variepated ; to appear like cloth f f lilk watered ^y the callenderer. CHA'MBRANLE, S. in Building, an or- nament of wood (r ftone, furrounding doors, y/inclows, or chimnies. CHA/MBRF.L, S. in Farriery, the joint or bending of the upper part of the hinder leg of a horfe. CHAME'LION, S. (";:a//.a,X£xv, Gr.] See CAMELEON. This is rhe proper fpelling, as appears from its etvmology. To CHA'MFER, V. A. {chambrer, Fr. to furrow] to furrow j to make channels or hol- low places in a rolumn. CH.VMOMILE, [x^-yt-ti, and (j-nXm, Gr.] in Botany, a plant {o called, from its trailing along the ground. It has a compound flower With an hemifpherical empdlement, compofed of many rays. To CHAMP, V. A. \chan:payer, Fr.] to bite with a frequent and forcible .laion of the teeth ; to grind any hard and fo,id body wnh the teeth, lo as to render it fit to fwallow. Ufed wi'h up, <« A tobacco pipe left fuch a delirious roughnefs — that I champed up the lemaining part." .S/>f<:7. No. 431. Neuterly, to open and clofe the jaws together, or perform the aif>lon of biting often. CHa'MPaIGN, S. \cawpagne, Fr. from charr.pt, fields, Fr.j a flat, open, or level counry. CHA'MPIGNON, S. [Fr. pronounced Jhanij^imcn] in Butmy, a plant of the mufh- ronm kind. " CHA'MPION, \Vr. campioKe, \tz\. cempa, S'X. a foldier Jone v^iio u;i,iertakesacombat in behalf of another. Tne king's chav.p'v.n, is an officer, who, while he is atrtiiineron his coro- nal do d,y, rh.iikiiger. any to contcft the king's right with him in combit j after which the k-nj drinks to h m, ana lends him a gilt cup and coyer full of wine, which he keeps as a t:-e. Figuratively, any one who undertakes the ^-^''i'^'^^ ofin^- focimeju, or topi^c in literature, C H A or religion. Irt Law, not only » perfbn wh« fighteih for another, but lilcewifc one wu» fights in his own caule. CHANCE, S. [Fr.] a word which imp!tc« that an event produ''ed is not owing, but con- trary, to the eftablirtied laws of nature ; or that the caufe of a thine is unknown ; a future e* vent. Figuratively, an unforefeen or unex- pefted calamiiy or misfortune j a thing which Wis not inteiioed, or defigned. To CHANCE, V. N. to fail out unet- peftedly, or contrary to the necetVary laws of motion or nature ; to proceed from fouie iin known c^ufe ; or without any defign of the agent. CHA'NCE-MEDLEY, S. the killing of a perinn, without defign, but not without lomc fault; as when a perfon, in lopping a tree, fhould kill a palfenger by means of a bough he- flings down J for though it miy happt-ii with- out defign, yet as he ought to have given no- tice, it is not without fault. CHA'NCEL, S. f chancel, Norman Fr.] the eaftern part of a cittnch, between the altar and the rail that inclofes it, ( HA'NCELLOR, S. [chanccllier, Fr. can. ceUiere, Itsl. canceUarius, low Lat.J The lord high chancellor, is the chief adminiftrator of jurtice next the king ; pofTeiTes :he higheft ho- nour of the long robe, is inverted with abfolu'e power tQ mitigate the feverirv of the law in his deci^n?, enters into his office by taking an oath, and having the great kj\ committed to him by the king; has thedifpofal of all eccle- fiafiic benefices in the gift of the crown under 20I. per ann. perufes all patents before they are figned, and takes place of ail the nobility, ex- cepting tho'e of the roy.'l family and the arch- bi/hop of Canterbury. Chancellor, in an eccle- fiaftical court, is one bred to the law, and ufei by the biihops to diredl or advife them in fuck caufes as come before them. Chancellor of the Exchequer, is an officer who prefides in that court, and takes care of the intereft of the, crown. Chancellor of an Uiu'verfit)', 15 the chief' magiftrate, who feals diplomas, letters of de- grees, and defends the rights and privileges of the place ; in Oxford this place is en] yed for life ; but at Cambridge only for rhe fpace of I hree years. Ch.incdlcr of the order of the Ga'ter, IS the psrfon who feals the commiffions and n.andatesof the chapter, keeps the regifter.ap.d delivers tranfcriiits of it under the feal of their order.^ Chancellor ofth: Dutchy of Lancajhr, is an officer appointed to determine controverfie* between the king and his tenants of the duchy' land, being a.ffiiled in difficult points by two judges of the common law. CHA'NCELLORSHIP, S. the office of a chancellor. CHA'NCERY, S. the higheft court of ju- dicature in thiskingdom, except th: parliament, whereof the lord chancellor is chief judge. CHA'NCRE, S. ri'"r. pi'onounced *Jr:i«<-} .in Surgery, a tubercle, whith ha« it* fe.it in the C H A the oflfluous humour that fills the reficular texiure ; an «lcer ulually arifing from the fc-jl dirtfinper. CHA'NCROUS, Adj. having the quali- ties of a ebancre. CHA'NDELIER.S. [Fr. ^tononnctAJban- Jelffr, frcm chanAel, Fr.acandleJ a branch lor holding candles. In Forlificaiinn, a wooden iranie on which fafcines or faggots are laid for [ eoverinfrthe workmen, inftead of a parapet, j CHA^'DLER, S. [chandelier, Fr.] a feller i ©f divers forts of wares. 1 To CHANGE, V. A. [cbargcr,^r.'] to give or take one thing fc» another. To rcfign 1 ©r quit one thing for the take of another, ufed with /or. " Cannot cbar.ge that/or another." Hcuih. To give a perfon the value of money in coin of a different metal ; to alter. Applied to the rr.oon, to increafe, or decreafe. CHANGE, S. the alteration of a perfon's I circamftances ; the aft of taking or giving any ' thing for anothtr; a fjcceffion of things in the place of one another. In Aftronomy, the time in which the moon begins a new revulution. Jiguratively, novelty. In Ringing, the altera- tion of the crdtr in which any fet of bells are rung 5 that which m-y be ufed for another, or another of the fame kind, though of difle- rent colour. " Thirty char.gss of raiment." "ludgts .:iv. 7 2. Money of a different metal. CHA'NGEABLE, Adj. [from charge and clh'\ that which may be altered ; that tvhich Joes not always remain in the fame fituation, or circumftances ; inconi>ant; fickle. CHA'KGEAELENLSS, S. applied to the mind, want of conftancy ; fickknefs. Ap plied to laws or qualities, liable to alteration. CHA'NGEABLY, Adv. in a manner fub jeft to alteration; inconftancy, CHA'NGEFUL, Adj. [from charge and fidl] altering very often, and upon flight grounds ; a word of reproach ; fickle ; incon- ftant ; full of change. CHA'NGELING, S. [from chargezrA ling, Sax. a diminutive particle] a child left or taken in room of another ; a perfon who docs not enjoy a proper ufc of his undeiftanding ; a fool, natural, or idcot ; one apt to alter his fentiments often} a fickle perfon. CHA'NNEL, S. [.anal, Fr. car.alh, Lsf.] in Cormography, the hollow, ot cavity in which jnnning waters fl;)W ; the arm of a fea, or a natrow river, between two idjacent iflands or continents. To CHA'NNEL, V. A. to cut any thing in jtarrow cavities, for containing water ; or for the fake of ornament, applied to btiildings. To CHANT, V. A. [charter, Fr.] to fing|; to celebrate in fongs j to perform divine fervice vkith fmeing, as in cathedr.ils. Ufed neuferly, to harmonize or found a chord with the voice to anymuficalindrumentjufed^viththeparticlefo. CKANT, S. [from the verb] a fong ; a particular tunc ^ the peculiar tune ufed in a cathedral. C H A CHA'NTER, S. one who fings in a eathe« dralj a finjier; a fongfter. CHA'NTRESS, S. a female who fingi. CH'ANTRY, S. a church or chapel, en. dowed far one or more priefts to fay mafs in it daily. CHA'OS, S. [Or.] the original ronfufed mafs of matter out of which all vifible things were made. Figuratively, any confufed irre- gular mixture ; any thing whofe parts are not eafilv di-ftinguifhed. CH.A'OTIC, Adj. refembling, or like a chaos. To CHAP, V. A. [kappert, Belg. to cut] to break into chinks by exceflive heat, applied to the grounds. To appear as if cut, applied to the effefts of cold on the hands. CHAP, S. [from the verb] an opening, cleft, ur chink in the ground, ov^ing to ex- cefTive drouKht or heat. CHAP, S. the upper or under part of a bead's mouth. CHAPE, S. [chapps, F.] the catch of any thing by which it is held in its place \ the hook by which a fv/o'-d isfadened in its fcab- bard ; the fleel ring with two points by which- a buck le i: held to the back-ftrap ; a piece of bral's >->r filver, which covers the end of the fcabbard df a fword. CHA'PEL, S. [Fr. capella, Lat.] a little church; or fmall building, wherein divine fer- vice is performed. CH.VPELRY, S. the jurifdiftion or bounds of a chapel. CHrt'PERON, S. [Fr.] a kind of hood or cap worn by knights of the garter when dreffed in their rches. CHA'PFALN, Adj. having the mouth (hrunk, or the projecting part fallen down> applied to an helmet. CHA'PJTER, S. [chapiteau, Fr.] in Ar- chittfture, the uoper part or capital of a pillar. CHA'PLAIN, S. [cape'.Lmui, Lat.] a per- fon who perform? divine fervice in a chapel ; or is retained in the fervice of fome noble per- fonage to perform divine fervice. CHA'FLAINSHIP, S. the office, pofTef- fton, or revenue of a chaplain. CHA'PLET, S. [cbapekt, Fr.] a garland, or wreath ol flowers to be worn round the bead. In the Romilh church a firing of beads. CHA'i^MAN, S. [ceapman, Sax. one that cheapcn'5 or buys gOods ; a buyer and feller. CHAPS, S. the mouth of a beaft. Ufed by the vulgar, and in contempt, for the motiih of a man or woman. CHA'PTER, S. [chap'itre, Fr.] the divi- (ion of a book. In Canon Law, a congregation of clergymen, under the dean, in a cathedral church i an aiTembly held both by religious aind military orders for deliberating on their affairs, and regulating their difcipline ; the places in which alTemblies of the clergy are held, CHAR, S. [wrote likewife chart'] in Natu- ral Hiftory, a fiib 3 a kind of golden alpine trout. To C H A To CHAR, V. A. [See Ciarcoa!] to burn ^ood to a black cinder. CHAR, S. work done by the day by a wo- tnan ; a fingle job. To CHAR, V. N. [pronounced chair'J to d« the houfe-work of a family occalionally, eppofed to regular fervice. CHARACTER, S. [Lat. x««'"'ti?, Gr,] a figure or mark drawn on paper, or other fuh- ftance, to convey fome idea to the mind ; a letter of the alphabet ; an affemblage of vir- tues or vices, whereby one perfon is diftinguifh- ed from another ; or that which a perfon has peculiar in his manners, which makes him differ from others ; office, dignitv or authority. To CHA'RACTER, V. A.'ufed with if?, «n, or upon, to engrave. To CHARACTERl'SE, V. A. to dcfcribe a perfon or thing by the properties which dif tinguifh it from others ; to impiel's a thing in lafting chara£lers on the mind 5 to mark with a peculiar (lamp or form. CHARACTERPSTICorCHARACTE- HI'STICAL, Adj. that which diftinguifhes a perfon or thing from others of the fame fpecies. CHAR ACTERKSTIC.S, a peculiar mark, «r affemblage of qualities, which diftinguifhes a perfon or thing from otheri of the fame kind. CHA'RACTERLESS, Adj. without any mark to diftinguifh a thing. CHA'RACTERY, S. a mark which di- ftinguiflies a thing from others of the fame kind. CHAOICOAL, S. a kind of fuel, or coal made of oak half burnt, under a covering of turf; that for powder-mills is made of elder- wood. To CHARGE, V.A. [cUrger,¥T. can- tare, Ital.] to entiuft, or commit to a perfon's care; to make a perfon debtor. Figuratively, to impute or afcribe ; or impofe as a tj/k ; to accufe, applied to crimes, fometimes having the particle ivkh. " His angels he charged luith i'oWy." yob. iv. iS. To obligt; a perfon to give evidence ; to adjure; to command; to attack, applied to an engagement in war. To load a perfon, applied to burthens. Applied to fire-arms, to load with powder or lliot. CHARGE, S. a thing delivered to a per- fo.i's care or cuftody ; a command, preicit, or law, " This one, this eafy c/jarfre." Par. Left. A commiffion, poft, or public employ- ment. Applied to crimes, acrul'ation, or im- putation ; the fpeech or exhortation of a iudi;e to a jury; f xpence or coft ; a quantity of mo- ney a perfon carries with him. " He hid a great charge of money a'; )ut hin>.'* The quantity of powder, ball, or flioc, with which fire-arm.<; are loaded. CHA'RGEABLE, Adj. expenfive; coftly,'; liabli= to be blamed or accufed. CHA'RGEABLENESS, S. expenfivenefs, Gortlinefs. CHA'RGEAD^Y, Adv. in a coftly, C H A cxpenfire manner ; at a great expence. CHA'RGED, Part, in Gunnery, a charg- ed cylinder is the part of the chafe of a great gun, where the powder and ball are contained. CK-^TIGER, S. a very large difh. CHA'RILY, Adv. in a deliberate, circum- fpeift cautious manner. CHA'RINESS, S. a nicety, or delicacy, whereby a perfon is offended at any thing which is inconfiftent with the higheff degree or idea of juftice ; fcrupuloufnefs. CHA'RIOT, S. [char-rod, Brit, a wheel- ed car, chariot, or tarajje cQiipee, Fr. half a coach, carreta, Ital.J a covered four-wheelcl carriage fufpended on leathers, or fprings, drawn by two or more horfes, and having orilr back feats. War-charioti, ufed by our ances- tors, were open vehicles drawn by two or more horfes, with fcyihes at the wheels, and fpears at the pole. Chariot-race, a public game among the Romans, i^Sc. wherein chariots were driven for a prize. To CHA'RIOT, V. A. figuratively, to convey, as in a chariot, " In a fiery columa charioting his godlike prefence." Milt. CHARJOTEE'R, S, one who drires ■ chariot. CHA'RITARLE, Adj. [charitMe, Fr.| having a benevolent and huTiane difpofition, inclining a perfon to affift the afflidtd. CHA'RITABLY, Adv. in a kind, bene- volent, tender, affedlionate manner. CHA/RITY, S. [chant/, Fr. charitai, Lat, X^5iT»s, Gr.] a benevolent principle, exerting iilelt in aiHrs of kindhefs and affedlion to all perfons without refpedl to party or nation. To CHARK, V. A. to burn to a coaj, os ci.Tder. CHA'RLATAN,S a perfon who pretends to a knowledge of phyfic; a quack ; a moun- tebank, CHARLATA'NICAL, Adj. vainly pre- tending to a knowledge of phylic ; qiiaclci/h, CHA'RLATANRY, S. the practice of a quack. CHARLES's-WAiN, S. [in Affro^omy] feven remarkable ftars in the confteilation of U'ja Major. _ CfiARM, [charme, Fr.] a kind of fpell, fuppofed by th^ignorait to have an irrefiftible intluence, by m^ans of the concurrence of kime internal power, both on the minds, lives, and properties of thofe whom it has for its ob- ject. Figuratively, any excellence which en- gages ond conquers the affcdlions. To CHARM, V. A. to fortify, or fecure a^ainft evil by fome fpell ; to influence, or fubdu? the mtnd by fome excellence orplcafurc.. CMA'RMER, .S. one who deals in fpells or magic ; one whofe perfonal perfedlions irrc- liftibly .^ttraft admiration and love. CH.VRMING, F..rt. of charm, pofTeffed of fuch perfedions as work irrefiftibly on the mind, and fill it v.'ith pieafure. ' CHA'RMINCLY, Adv. in fuch a man- neif C HA jifr a<! to convey inexpreflible pleafure. CHA'RMINGNESS.S. tihat quality which lerders a thing capable of woikifig on the af- fetl^ions, and filling the mlr.d vwith pleafure. CHA'RNEL-HOUSE, S. [charmer, Fr.] the place in or near a church, wnere the bone; of the dc'd are depofneJ. CHART, S. [char/a, Lat.] an hydrogra- phicil map. or projeftion cl'' fome pirt of the earth's fupeificies, for the ufe of navigation. CHA'RTER, S. [charire, Fr.] in Law, a V'ritten evidence or inlbument of things done between two parties. Ihe king's charter, is vthere he m^kes a grant to any perfon or body politic; fuch as a charter of exemption, &c. Charters of private perfons, are deeds and in- fttuments. Figuratively, the aft of bellowing any privilege or rltht, exemption or claim. CHA'RTERED, Adj. inverted with privi- leges by charter, beautifully applied in the fol- lowing lenience. " The air, z chartered \\- berrine, h ftill." Shak. CHa'RTER-LAND, S. land which is held by cha>tir, or evidsnce in writing, like- vife named tree-hold. ' CHA'RTER PARTY, S. \charte, or carte fariie, Fr.j a deed or writing indented, made between nierchantf and fea-faring men con- cerning their merchandize. CHA'RWOMAN, S. a woman hired ac- tidentally, or for odd days, to clean a houfe, or do o^her offices of a tnaid-fervant. CH.T.RY, Adj. cautious, fcrupulous, care- ful of giving any caufe for fufpicion or cen- fure. To CHASE, V. A. [chalfer, Fr.] to fol- low after a bc;aft, &c. for pleafure; to hunt ; t© purfue as an enemy; to drive trom, or keep oft. " Moiu had cbas d avvay the flying ftars." Dr^d. CHASE, S. the purfuit or following of game ; hunting ; that which is the proper ob- ject of hunting. " A beaft of c/ja/t." Dryd. The purfuit of an enemy, or of fome dcfireable cibjeft. Fijjuratively, purluit. " Honour's the Doslelt chaje.'" Gran-v. In Law, a large ex- tent of woody ground, privileged for the re- ception of deer and game. In Gunnery, the thafe of a grejt gun, is the whole length of the bore, or infide. Chafe guns, are thofe wliich are pidceo in the heao or ftern of a fhip. CHA'SER, S. one who purfiies. CHaSM, S. [■^ac-f/.a,, Gr.] a breach or kollow fpace feparating the pans of any body ; a vacant Ipace. CHASTE, Adj. \chafte, Fr. cafus. Lit.] free from lufl cithsr with refpefl to the incli- nation or 2<St; free from any commerce with the other fex; true to the marriajje-bi^d. Ap- plied to expreflions, free from any oblcenity, or immodeft words. In Grammar, tree trom anv foreign mixt'jre. To CHA'STEN, V. A. ffhe/ller, Fr.] to corrcft or punifh a child, in order to deter him from faults. Figuratively, to hutr.ble,onnoitity. C Fi E To CH ASTI'SC, V. A . [formerly accenfei" on the firft fyllable, chj/iier, Fr.J to punifli of afBift for faults. CHASTl'SEMENT.S. [formerly accented on the firft fyllable] correftion, or punifhment, generafly applied to the difcipline ot pa'ents and tutors. Figuratively, any calamity inflidl- ed by Providence. CHASTI'SER, S. the perfon that punifhes. CHA'STITY, S. [c.ijlit/, Fr. caji^tas, Lat.] an entire freciiom from any imputation of lufl either in thought or d^ed. In Expref- fions, free from immodeft words. In Grammar, freedom from any foreign or bad m.xture. CHA'STELY,Adv.wiihouttheleaftincon- tlnence, or any inclination to luft. CH A'STENESS, S. freedom from inconti- nence, or any breach of modefly. To CHAT, V. N. [a contraajon of the verb chatter] to talk on ind fJerent fubjedts, or without any deep tliought, or profound at- tention. CHAT, S. trifling, idle, and unimproving difcourfe, made ufe of merely to pais time away. CHA'TTELANY, S. [chateknie, Fr.] the diflridt be't«nging to a caftle. CHA'TTELS, S. any moveable poffelTion. At prefent ul'ed only in Law, for all things moveable and imnvov.-able. To CH AT'TER. V. A. [ca^uefer, Fr. hu- ten, Belg.J to make a noife liKe a pie. Fi- guratively, to talk very much ; to make a noix by frequently and forcibly clofing the teeth, owing to the effects ot cold; from W- teren, Belg. ' CH A'TTER, S . a noife like that of a pie, or monkey when angry ; impertinent talk. CHATTERER, S. one who fpends his time in idle or unimproving talk. CHAUMONTE'LLE, 6. [Fr.]_in Gar- dening, a kind of pear. To CHAW, V. A [kjutven, Belg. ka-zverr, Teut.] to cut meat or lood into fmall pieces' by a frequent aftion of the teeth. CHA'WDRON, S. a large meafure ; the entrails or maw ot a beaft. CHEAP, Adj. to be purchafed with little money ; of fmall value, or worth. ToCHE'APEN, V. A. [iatipa, 111. kau~ p'lti. Boh. See CHEAP] to bargain for or a/k the price of a commodity ; to endeavour to purchafe a thing at a lefs price than the feller firft arK.s for it. CHEAPLY, Adv. at a very low price or rate; with very little money. CHE'APNESS, S. purchafed with little money. To CHEAT, V, A. to deceive or impofe upon ; to defraud a perfon by lome^artifue of lov,; cunning. CHEAT, S. a fraud, or imppfture, w-here- by a perlVin is deceived or impu'.ed upon; a pcrfua who imoo'et. oi» others. CHE/ATUR, C H t CHE'ATER, S. one who praaife? fraud, in order to desrive people oi their properties. To CHECK, V. A. to reftrsin ihe crav tngsof any appetite ; to ftop a thing in motion; to chide or reprove a perlon. In Commerce, to compare the riourifhed or ornamented part ot a'draupht or bank bill, with thit which re- mains in the book from whence it was cu'. CHECK, S. [fchacb, Teut,] a reftraint, difappointment, lepulfe, curb, reproof. Fi- guratively, a flight ; acoirnter cypher of a b^ink bill ; an account kept privately to examine that which is kept with a banker, or public ofHcej a perfon who examines any account ; a kind «f linen with blue ftripes crolTing each other, ufed by failor? for {hirts, &c. To CHE'CKER, or CHE'QUER, V. A [from ecbecs, Fr.] to vary with different co lours like a cheff-bcavd ; to variegate. Figu ratively, to diverfify with different ftates of pro^'perous or unfucce'ffiil circumftanres. CHE'CKER, or CHE'CKER- WORK, S. any thing painted in Iqtiares, with different colours, like a chefs-board. CHE'CK-ROLL, S. a book or roll con- taining the names of the king's houfhold fer- vants. CHEEK, S. the fiefl-.y part of the fide of the face below the eve. The cheekiof a frrate, are flat pieces of iron fl.inding perpendicular, and ferving ao confine or enlarge the diraen- fions of a fire. CHEER, S. [chtre, Fr] provifion for an entertainment; gaiety, or fullnefs of fpirits. To CHEER, V. A. to infpiie with cou- rage; to animate, or incite ; to make joylul ; to gUddim. CHE'ERER, S. tbe perfon or thing which communicatei joy, or comforts in diftre's. CHE'ERFULL, Ac*], that which abounds in gaiety, life, and fpirits, oppofed to dejec- tion; that which has the appcarj.n^e of joy and lightfomenefs. CHE'ERFULNESS, S. a difpofition of mind unclouded by delpair ; alacrity ; vigour. CHL'ERLESS, Adj. fad, dejeaed, or com fortleff. CHEE'RLY, Adv. in a gay, cheerful, joyous manner, CHEF'RY, Adj. gav, jayful, or commu- nicatintj plealure and gaiety. CHEESE, S. \c)fe, Sa)c. eaivs, Brit. <r<J ftui, Lit. J a food made of milk, curdled by means of rennet, I'queezed dry in 3 prefs, and hardened by tim.-. The art of makint; this necellary food, was, accorJins; to Pliny, intro- duced into this iflnnd by the Romans. The beif reputed i-; that of Glniiceilcrfhire andChertiIre CHE'ESECAKE, .S. fin Paftryj is made of fott curds, butter, and fugar, baked. CHE'ESEMONGER, S, one who deals In eht' fe. CHE'ESE i'RESS, S. a prefs, wherein the eurdi Of .^.nicn .lie c,.,:ijeii mads areptdiiid dry fron the «h:/. CHE CHE'ESE- VAT, S. the woodea cafe m which the curds are confined, when prefled foif cheefe- CHE'ESy, Adj. having the qualities of cheefe CHEMISE, S. [Fr. pronounced fiameifsl in Foriiftc.ition, a wall lining a baftion or ditch, in order to flreng'then and fupport it ; :tifo a fhirt or fhift. To CHE'RISH, V. A. \chfrtr, Fr.] t® nourifh or promote the growth of a thing • to help; to encourage; to protedt, flicker, and nour'ifh. CHERl'SHER, S. one who proteas, and contributes to the growh ot a thing, CHE'RRY, S. in Gardening, a fruit- j tree, with fliining leaves ; its fruit grows on long pedicles, is roundidi or heart-fhaped j though included by Linnaeus under the gen^is of/>r„raj, or plumb, yet they cannot be en- grafted on each other. CHE'RRY, Adj. refembling a cherry la, colour ; red. CHERSONE'SE. or CHERSONESUS, S. [;(£jj-ovt!cr'.c. Gr.J in Geography, a trad of land furroun.Jed by the fea, excepting at a nar- low fpjceor neck, by whiclj it is juined to the main land or corftinent. CHE'RUB, S. a celeftial fpirit in the or- der of angels, placed next to the Seraphim ; in fcripture varioufly defcribed under the rtiapes of men, esgles, oxen, lions, ©"f. and fom/;time'; comuofed of all of them, CHii'RUBIC, Adj, angelic, or partaking of ti^e nature of a cheruri, CHE'RUBIN, Adj. hke a cherub; hea- venly ; angelical. " Her cLerubia louk," Shakefp, Seldom ufed , CHE'RVIL, S. [ccerophy!lum, Lat.J in Bo- tany, an umbelliferous plant, jlt is ranged by Lin ::eiis in the 2d fection of his cth clafs. To CHE'RUP, V. N. [trom cheer u/,] ta make a noifs by drawing in the air through the lips, after they are drawn into a kind of circle, in otder to encourage any beaft, or t« fet a font! bird a-<':ng,ing. CHE'SHIRE, S or county of Chefter, It is very rich in paflure and corn land ; and, for the moft part, level. In it are alia feveral heaths and moors, upon which horfes and flie^-p ieed'. It contains about 71,000 acres, feventy.onepariftes, thirieen ci ies and mar- ket-towns, and fends four members to parlia- ment. Here they malce excellent cheefe, wtU known by the name of Chelhire, and in fui-h quantities, th.it London alone takes off 14,000 tons annu:illv, bcfi Ies v^ft quantities which they fend to Brift'd and York, alfo to Scoti.ind and Ireland. The whole county is indeed employed in it, and part of the neigh- bouring ones too. For though it goes com- m Tily by the name of Cnefhire ch>'pfe, yet a pr-'a' deal of it is m 'de in Slirooiiiire, Staf- foi'lfliire, and L^nci/hirc. The (oil of Che- *ihite ii cftremety good, and as, the ^mU hi 3 [ieculi.>r CHE peculiar richncfs in it. There is no part of England where are equal f»umbers of gentry of fuch ancient extradlion. Befides, it is a county palatinej and lias a diftinft government from any other, being adminiftered by a cham- berlain, a judge I'pecial, called Chief Juftice of Chefler, a puifne judge, &c. Its ancient counts pulitlne were very powerful ; the firft of which was Gherbord, whom William the Conqueror made fo ; and the laft was Simon of Montford, earl of Leicefter ; after whofe death, about the twelfth century, this county was annexed to the crown. It however enjoys its ancient privileges \ and at Chefter, the ca- pital, are the palatine courts holden for its in- habitants. CHES'NUT, or CHESNUT-TREE, S. [c'lllen-beam, cy/l-l>eam, Sax. chafiaigne, Fr. eajiagtia, Ital. caflanea, Lat.J in Botany, has male and female fiowers on the fame tree. The male flowers are fixed to a long firing, forming a kind of cat's fkin, having an im- palement of one leaf, but no petals. The fe- male flowers have alfo an impalement of one leaf, no petal, but a germen, fixed to the bafe of the epalement, which becomes a loundifh fruit, armed with foft fpines, includ- ing One or more nuts. It is ranged by Lin- naus in the 8ch feflion of his aiftclafs. CHESS, S. [fffr«, Fr. jehad, Belg.] a game played with little round pieces of wood on a board divided into 64 fquares, each fide having eight noblemen and as many pawns, which are to be moved or fliifrcd into the dif- ferent fquares, according to the laws of the gvne. CHE'SSOM, S. in Gardening, a mellow earth, between the two extremes of clay and fand. CHEST, S. \djia, Lat. xifi, Gr.] a large flror*^ wooden box, greater than a trunk, ufed for keeping cloaths, linen, "c. The cavity of a human bo ly trom the neck to the belly, called the breaft or ftomach. A cheji rjj" dra'v- ers, is a wooden frame which contains fever.il drawers placed above each other. CHE'STER, S. [called Deia or Deunana, by the Romans '■, Caer-hon, the town of the legion, or Cair-'ecn J-'^aur, the town of the great legion, by the Welch ; and hii^facejltr, which fignifies the fame, by the SaxonsJ the chief city in Cheshire, which took its name from its being the pK^ce of a Roman camp. It was incorporated by Henry 111. into a dil- tinft county, to be governed by a mayor and aldermen. It is diftant 140 computed, or iSz meafured miles from London, being, ixcord jng to Camden, in 20 deg. 23 min. long, and 53 Hfi;. II min. ht. CHEST-FOU'NDERING, S.in Farriery, a difeafe in horfcs which rcfembles a pleurify, or peripneumony in men. CHE'TON, S. in Gardening, a fpecies of plum. CHE'VALIER, S. a knight. In Heraldrj C H I a horfeinaB armed at all points, or in. compile armour. CHE'VAL DE FRISE, S. [pronounced fhevaul de freeze, Fr. a Friefland horfe, be- caule invented in thofe parts ; the plural cbe- ■vaux defrlfe^ in Fortification, apiece of tim- ber traverfed with wooden fpikes, five or fix feet long, pointed with iron, ufed for flop- ping up breaches, orfecuring any avenue from the enemy's cavalry. CHE'VERIL, S. [ebi^rehuU, Fr.] a kid. Fi- guratively, kid leather. CHE'VRON, S. [Fr.] in Heraldry, one of the honorary ordinaries, reprefenting t\vo rafters of a houfe, joined together, fo as to form an angle, and is the fymbol of protec- tion. Fir ebt-vron, is when the field is divid- ed only by two fingle lines, rifing from the two bafe points, and meeting in a point above, like the chevron this \ittxme.A party per che-vron. To CHEW, V. A. to bite or gr-nd meat into Imall pieces between the teeth, proper for fwaU lowing. Figuratively, to meditate, ruminate, or revolve in the mind. " Cheiuing revenge." Prior. Neuteriy, to revolve olten in the thoughts, to ruminate, or meditate upon, Ufed with on, or upon. CHICA'NE, S. [Fr.] in Law, the art of ptotrafting a caufe by frivolous objections In the Schools, the ufe of fophifms, diftinc- tions, and fubtleties, in order to prolong dif- putes, and ohfcure the truth 5 artifice. To CHICA'NE, V. A. [chkaner, Fr.] to prolong a contelt by artifice and fubtleties. CHICA'NER, %.\_chicaneur, Fr.j one who makes ufe of quirks, fubtleties, or any other artifice to obfcure the truth. CHICA'NERV, S. [chuarerie, Fr.] an art- ful prolonging any difpuie by frivolous objec- tions, or fubtleties. CHICHE'STER, S. the capital of SufTex on the river Levant. It is not very popuLuj, yet a neat city, and the fee of a bifhop. Its crofs, that of Coventry excepted, isthefineft in all England. The fpire of its cathedral is a curious piece of workmanship, and though damaged by lightning fome years ago, yet noC fo much but that it has fince been fubftan- tially repaired. In 1723, at Chichefter, was found, pretty deep in the ground, a large ftone with a Roman infcrip'ion, denoting that a temple was dedicated here to Neptune and Mi- nerva, in the reign of Tiberius Claudius. It returns two members to parliament. The principal trade of this pkce is in grinding and drelfjng all the corn that fide of the country can fpare, and fending it to London in the meal by fea. Refidcs the cathedral, here are five fm^'ll churches. Chichefter was formerly the refid<"nce of the Saxon kings. It lies fif- teen miles E. of Portfmouth, and fifty-t«o S. W. cf London. Lat. 50 deg. 50 min. N. long. 48 min. W. It hasthr*v- weekly mar- kets, on Wednefilay, Friday, and Saturday j and its annual fairs are held on April 23, a Whit^un' C H I Whitfun Monday, Auuft 5, for horfes and horned cattle, Ocluber 10, for the litter arti- cle, and Oflober 20 for both. CHICK, or CHICKEN, S. [duen, Sax. kiecken, or kuyckfn, Belg, kuckk'sn, Teut.] the young of a fowl, or hen. Chick is u fed fi- guratively for a vsrorrf of tendernefs. Some- times it is ufed for a perfon not ariived tothc years of tnarurity, and void of experience. CHKCKEN-HEARTED, Adj. timorous; cowardly. _ CHl'CKEN-POX, S. in Medicine, a fpe- cjes of the fmall-pox, but the puftules are not fo large. CHI'CKLING,S. a fmall or voung chicken. CHI'CK-WEED, S. [ck'cen metan, Sax. fo called from its being much delighted in by chickens] in Botany, a trailing kind of a veed, much ufed by bird-breeders. To CHIDE, V. A. [preter, f^/Vf, particip. paff, chid, or chidden j cidin, Six. cidde, pre- ter. and part, paflive] to reprove with fome degree of warmth and anger for faults, " Chide himyir fault'." Sbak. To blanne 01 find fault with, beautifully applied to inai;imate thing;;. *' Fountains, o'er the pebbles, chid your ftay •'' Dryd. To icold or reprove fevcteiy. " What hu.i he to do to chidu at me r" Siakeffi. To IHcike a noile as in a paffion, elegantly ap- plied to inanimate things. " As doth a rock Sgaiuft the chiding fiood." Sick, CFII'DER, S."one that is addiSed to re- proof, or fond of blaming. CHIEF, Adj. [pronounced ch:if, from (hef, Fr. the head] the major put, or gxeat- «ft member; principal, including the idea of fupt-rior rank and activity, CHIEF, S, [pronounced che;f. Sea the adjeftivej a commander, applied to one who eommands an army, In Heraldry, the tipper pait of an efcutchcon, running acrofs from fide to fide. CHIE'FLESS, Adj. without a chief or pcmmsiider. CHIE'FLY, Adv. ge.-.erally j for the moft pr greateft part ; principally. CHIE'FRIE, S. an acknowledgment paid %Q the lord. CHIE'FTAfN, S. one who commands aa army ; the head o! a clan. CHI'LBLAIN, S. fmall red rtiining tumors, sppeatirig on the fingers, toes, and heels, und when nrraking sut on the heels, called kilcs. CHiLO, S. [plural, children, in imitation of the Dutch cihl, S^x.J an infant, or perlon in its tendereft years j the offspring of a per- ion ; the dtfcendant of a man of any aee. To CHILD, V. N. to bring fonh, or bear chiliiren. Figuratively, to be prolific, or /rui'fiil, oppofed to bairsp, CHULD-BEARiNG, the afl of bearing cliildreri ; pregnancy. CHi'I-t>-P.ED, S. a lying-in ; or the ilate (»f a ',v'n)»n juft ^f^gf Ijtt (Jciivery. e H I OHPLD BIRTH, 5. labour; travel j 4e}b very. CHILDERMAS-p.^Y, S, the day or| which Herod's m.ifT.icre of the children at Jerufalem, on account of Chnft's birth, i9 commemorated. CHI'LDHQOD, S. the flate of a child j the inteivdj between infancy and youth. CHI'LDISH. Adj. rcrembiinga child ia ignorance, fimplicity, and trifling j f^c for, and only becoming a child. CHI'LDISHLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as only becomes a child j in a trifling, indifcrecS manner. CHI'LDISHNESS, S, want of dlfcretlon, knowledge, experience, and gravity. CHl'LDLESS, Adj. without children. CHl'LDLIKE, Adj. that which refemble« the rations and fentiments of a child. CHI'LI, S. a kingdom extending from the frontiers of Peru to the (Ireights of iVIagellan, in South America, being 530 leagues. Chi]| and Peru are feparated by the defart of Ataca- mo. Eaftwatd fome parrs of Chili terminate on the frontiers of Paraguay ; though fome uninhabited defarts intervene ; and others confine on Buenos Ayres. Its Weflern boun- dary in the South S;a, extending from lat. 27 deg. nearly t3 that of Copoyapu, to 53 deg. 30 min. S. But this kingdo.m, as inhabite4 by Spaniards, begins at Copoyapu, and termi- nates ;u the ifljnd of ChiJoe; the foujhern ^stremlty of which is in lat. 34 dej. S. and its extent from W. to E. is the" diibnce be- tween the Cordillera, which ia here fiupen- doufly high, and the coaft of the South Ses, that is, about thirty leagues. The martial genius of the Indians of this kingdom hm'n lonfiderably retarded the redudljn of it by ihe Sp.miards; (o that its captain-generalfnip has only four pirticular governments ; namely, u^ie major-gsFieralfhip of Chili, Valparaifo, Valdivia, arui Chiloe. Iti jurifdidlions are, I. Santiago. 2. P..ancagua. 3. Colch.igua. 4. Chilian. 5. Aconcagua. §. M;lipilli. 7. Quil- lota. o. Coijuimbo. 9. Ci>puy„ou and Guafco, 10. Mendo^i. And, n. L^ Conception. CHi'LlAD, S. [;^aj«;, Gr.J a thoufand, or a coUeiHion of ih'ingo or years an5o;^ntiag to a thouf.uid. CHlLlFA'CTIGN, S. the art of turning or converting any t.ud or fubibnce into chyle. CHIi.IF.A'C FIVE, Adj. [from chyle ar.J fjCdive] producini;, or forming chyle. CKlLIFAi'CTORY, Adj. ihac vyhich c?ij produce chyle. CHILL, S. \l':igh, Celg. csk, 5«. cojd] cold, or that wiil^h Hops the circulation of any fluid by its coldnefs. Figuratively, fhivsr- i.ig with, pr having the lenfjtion of colj ; depreifed, dejeded ; diicoiiraged, or rendcresj inadtivx by iome difappi/iiitine^: or terrjbli? objc<Si. 'Xo CHTLL, y. A. to. r:4ucf fio.-ti a ftate CHI of wxrmth to cne of coldnefs to ;^op or reprefs any mf't.on and dejed ; to blall or oeftroy by cold CHILLINESS, S. celdj a fenfation which produces (hiveiing. CHl'uLY, Adj. [from rbill and !y, of lig. Sax. implying plenty cr excefsj that wliich aboundt in rc'rigerating particles; that which proceeds (rcn chilnefs or cold, CFtl'LMlNAR, S. the nobleft and ir.oft beautiful piece ot' architecture amorg all the ruins of antiquity, being the ruins of the fa- mous palace of Perfepulis, fired by Alexander the Great, when intoxicated, it the perfuafion of Th=is his ccurtezan. CHi'LNFSS, S. the fenfa-ion of cold pro duciive ot fhiveringj the quality of producing the fenfation of cold. CHIMB, S. Ikimbe, 'Selg-} the end of a barrel or tub. CHIME, S. |"froiD chirms, cr churm, har- mony produced either by a concert of bird: or mufical inf^ru.T.enis] in Mufic, forr.-.eily ufcd for a concord, or the founding of the fame note on feverat inftiviments at once. In Hing- ing, the founding all the bells of a f^eeple af- ter one another, with all the variations in their order that can produce mufic, or an a- jreeable harmony. Applied to Cbcks, a kind of periodical mufic, pividuced by a particulnr api'aratu?, w herein ha:Tmers of different fizcfe are tut in motion, and pK'y forre tune on bells. Figuratively, harmony of temf ers, proportion, or other relations. In Poetry, the fyilable at the end of a verfe, which has the fame found 9S th't of the precedlf'g one. To CHIME, V. N. to found a concord ; to agree in found. Figuratively, to be mufi- cal. To anf>ver each other, applied to rela- tive terms ; to scouiefce in j to agree with. Applied to Pofctry, lo make the coacluding fyilables of two verfes end with the fame let- ters or |iiuf»d. CHIME R A, S. [rh'mara] a poe'ical fic- tion of a monfter, conripoled of an union of the pKiis ol difierent aMmols. I'igi.ratively, a groutidl.^fs or vain imagination, « hich has bo fuuiidatirn in reafon cr nature. • CHIMPRICAL, Adj. that which is the mere product of fancy or imagination ; ima- ginary, fantaltic. CHIME'RICALLY, Adv. in a \s\\i, fan- taftie, vain manner ; v^iihnut any reality ; without anyexiiience but in the imag-.nation. CHi'MNEY, S. [der.inJe, Fr. cberr.-r.ca, Span, cammus, Lat.] in Architefture, the paf- f3ge or funnel throui^h which the fmoak a- Icends in a builJ'ng. A turret cr building at the top of a houfe, through which the fmoak palVes : the hearth or fire-place. Ch.mrey-cir- tier, is the fire-fide, or, in country places, a feat at each end of the fire-grate. Cb-mr.ry- fisccs, is a cotnpofi'.ion of certain mouldings Handing on the lorcfioe of the jauinbs, and ccming cv:r the mantle-tree. CHI Figuratively,! CHIN, S. the lower part of tlic face from to difcouragel the under lip. CHi'NA, S. in Geography, an opulent empiie, fituated on the eafiern verge of the Afijtic continent, bounded on the North by liaft and Well Tartary, from which it is di- vided by a prodigious wall, 15CO miles in length On the Eaft it is boundea by the Eaft ocean ; on the V/eft by the empire ot the Mo- f^ul and India beyond the Ganges ; and on the South by the kingdo-n of Lao, Tonquin, Ava, Crchin China, and the Indian fea. CHI'N-COUGH, b. in Medicine, a violent dry cough, a^'efting children, even to a danger of fuftjcation It is generally cured by bleed- ing and balfamics. GHINE, S. [can. Arm. efchine, or chlncr, Fr. cbiena, Ital.J the part of the back con- taining ti.e fpine or back-bone. ' To CHINE, V. A. to cut into chines ; to fplit along the back-bone. CHINK, S. [cine, S.x. kVineke, Belg, c'tnan. Sax. to g'^pe] a narrow gape, or opening, whereby the ccntaft of the parts of a body is dilToivedja fr. sll or narrow opening lengthwife. To CHINK, V. A. to make money or pieces of any metal found by fhaking them together. Ncuterly, to make a found by being ihaken together ; to break in clifis or gapes, applied to ground. CHl'NKY, Adj. full of narrow holes, gapes, or clitts. CHiNTS, S. a fine drth manufaftured of cotton in the E^ft Indies, generally printed with lively and durable colours. To CHIP, V. A. to cut wood into fmall pieces. To cut off the cruft df a loaf, applied to bread. CHIP, S. [cyp. Sax. See the verb] a fmall piece of wood leparaito from a larger by a bill, or cutting tool j any fmall piece cut off from a larirer. CHI'PPING, S, the aflion of cutting off fmoll pieces from timber or other matter. Figuratively, a fmall piece. CH1'R.-\'gRA, S. [froin yS'i,Gr. a hand, and B.y:a, a IpoilJ in Medicine, the gout in the hand. CHl'RAGRICAL. Adj. [ (xom cb\ragra1 being fubj.ft to the gout in the hands. CHIRO'GRAPHY, S. [from x^f. Gr. a hand, and jfafa;, to write cr aelcribej a perfoij's hand-writing ; a defcription of the lines of a perfon's hand, or palmiftry. CHIRO'MANCER, S. [trom -/i^iy ^r. and fj-ayrii;, a prophctj one who pretends to foretel fu'ure events by infpetlinj; the lines of a perfon's hand. CHI'ROMANCY, S. the pretended art of foretelling what fhall happen to a perlon, by in*pe£ling the lines of his hand ; palmiflry. To CHJRP, V. N. fformed from the found] to make a noifc l.ke a fparrow, or birds which call to one another. Ufed actively, , to make £ay, or cheerful. CHI'RPER, C H O CHIR'PER, S. a bird that malce* a noife iike a (p^rrow, or calls to another j a pcrfon that is fay, che-rtui, or ineiry. CHIXURGEON, S. [commonly and cor- ruptly pronouncedy«r^wn, from yj^S- ^''' * hand, and i-y:^, Gr. a wnrkj Oiie who cures loch dilo'ders, hurts, or ailments, as require external applications, or the operations of the hand. CHIRURGERV, S. [See Cblrur^eo,,'] the art of CMring wounds and difeales, by external application?, or operations of the hand, CfiIRU'RGlC,orCFIIRU/R.GICAL,Arii. bivinri qualities fit for external or outward ap plication, " The ch.rurgicat oi phyfical vir- tues of wax," Martin, Bc-loneing to exturn.il or manual opeiation; or apjjlicjtions in heal- ing. CHI'SEL, S. [cueau, Fr. nfeHo, Ira!, of fc'iffum, fiipine of /i/«i/o, Lat.] atoolmaJeof iron, pretty long, thin, and fometimes ground to an edge, uled in carpejitry, joining, njafon- ry, fciilptii'-e, &c. CHIT, S. [Uotn cito, Ital.] a young, little child ; a mce baby j a word ufed in anger, and exorefiive of contetnpt. CHIT-CHar, S. [a cant-word formed from the reduplication or repetition and cor- ruption of the word chat^ idle and unimprov- ifip difcoiirfe, CHI'TTERLINGS, S. fnot ufed in the firgular, from fchyterllrg, Bclg. Jhilterlirjgs, Eng according to Skinner, from kutteln, Teut. the inteftlnesj the guts or bowejs, generally applied to thofe of beads fit for food. Like- wife the frill, or border fcwed on the bofom of a man's fhirr. CHPVaLRY, S. {cketak-ie,Tr.kn\i'nt- hood, from che'va!, Fr, a hnrl'ej knighthood, or milit-ry dignity. The quUificaliun of a knight, including; courage, honour, and dex- terity in the u'e of arms ; 'he profefOon, or rules to be obferved by a knight ; an adven ture, or exploit, CHIVES, S, [fiw, cew, Fr.] in Bnfanv. th^ ftamina which fupport the fummits iji t.Se ctnter of flowers ; or the fmall knobs growing on the ends of the fine threads or ftumina of flowers. CHLORO'SIS, S. f;)(;>,D{'^. Or, from ;^^J.,, grafs] in Medicine, the green-ficknefs, CHO'COLATE, S, [SpanirnJ fometimes ufed for the nut of tiie cocoj-tree, which, in botany, has an empalcment of fine fpcir-fhaped leaves ; the flower has five pet.ils irieguLirly indented, and five ere£l ftammi ; in the cen- ter is an oval germen, which aftcrv. ards be- comes an oblong pod, woody, warttd, and di- vided into five cells, filled with ovjI compref- fed, flefhy feeds. It has but one I'pccies ; and was daded by father Plumier, who commu- nicated it5 charadlers toMr. Tuiiinerort. Cho- colate, vAi'cn applied to fijinify tlie cake frnm whence the liquor is made, is a compofition tf Che »ut^ fugar, and vamlla ^ to xhn luuic C H O add fpices, efpecially the Spaniards., but thu mixture is Jiiagretable to an Eojlifn palate. Choc(.!ate-h(i:tje, is a place where only choco- late IS fo!a ready made, and reftmbling a coffee-houfe. CHOICE, S. \choix, Fr,] a faculty or a£l of the will, by which it prefers one thing to another, incbaing that it is in our p.iwer to have determ.nsd otherwife. Figurativelv, the preferring or determining in behalf of a thing un reaion ib!3 motives; the thing cholen ; th»t which merits a preference, or oujh' to be p.'eteried j a variety of things oirsred to the mind or judgment, thjt it may feled from '.hence ihofe which aie bsft. To mjke choict ofy is to prelftr or feleiSl one or more things tioni feveul wiiich are propofed to the judg- ment or will, CHOICE, Adj, {"comparative cbo'icer, fa- perlaiive ch-jhej], cbJjl, Fr.J of fuperior ex- cellence. Moft valuable, or bert, " My ch'Jccfi hours of life are loft." Careful, frugal, oppofej tn prodigal, or profufe. " He that n choice of his time, will ic cliice of hi» company.'' Ttjyhr. CHOI'CELESS, Adj, without the power of chooling, CHOI'L'ELY, Adv. with all the quillfici- tio.ns which .liould determine the will to give a prtferencc, CHOI'CENESS, S. that quality which determines the will to givj it a preference ; valui, or fupsrior excellence which claims a pre!erei)ce, CHOIR, S. [pronounced qttir\ thorus, Lat,] a band or company of finge>s. " The. chair together fung Te D;um." Shai. " The choir ot angels." PFalUr. That part of a church where the chorifers and clergy are placed. To CHOKE, V. A. to flop up the paffage of the throat fo, that a perfon cannot breathe} to kill by ftoppmg a perfon's breath. To ftop up any pafl"..;!- ; to intercept or obftruft the motion of any thing, CHOKE, S, in Botany, the filamentoua or capillary p.irt of an artichoke, immediately covering the firfiiy part of ihe bottom, CHO'K.E-1'E AR, S. in Gardening,arougJi, harfh, unpalatabie psar, CHO'K.Y, Adj, tlidt which cannot eafily be fwallowed, but is apt to flick in the paf- fag:, and ftop the breath. CHO'LEK, S. [cholt-a, Lat. coin, Fr.J in Anatomy, the bile ; which abounding very much in an^ry perlons, is u!cd figuiaiively for an(;er. CHO'LERIC, or CHOaERlCK., A.lj; abounding with chckr, Figuiatively, angry j eafily pmvokcd j p'ffionate. To CHOOSi:, V. A, \^XK\txlchoft,Iha'ut ch-ci'cn, or ch^ji, from Ccftn, Sux, choifer, Fr, Xif/MjTeut, khy'ir, B^"Ig. chuXiiJji!, Perl, cbeice, Fot./c/ji'.Yj.V, Rod'. ) to preier, or take from leveial things oiVjicJ j to stive the preference to j to will; \.^ ckft , or pick cut of a number. P » CHO'O.iR, C H O CHO'OS'ER, S. one who has the power of e}io.)f)nf j one who has a right to vote for a peifon who is candidate for any poft ; an elec- tor. To CHOr, V. A. [preter ckopt^ or I have tbopt, kapper, Belg. couper, f r.] to cut with a cleaver, axe, or chopping knife, by a quick and ludden llrcke ; to devour or eat quickly. " Cbcff':ng up your entertainment," Dryd. Neuteily, to change with a quicic and unex- peifled motion. " The wind chopt about." To appear as if cut, applied to the eft'eds ol cold or hdid weather on the han^is. " Her pretty chopt hands." i>hak. To CHOP, V, A. {kGopen, Belg. ceapen, Sax. to buy] to purchafe by exchanging one thing for a.'-.olher; to take a thing back agjin which haa been given ia exchange 5 to be fickle in one s cho'ce. CHOP, S. a piece cut off by a fudden blow; a pece of meat cut off from a joint, generally conhned 10 mutton. A chink, clelt, hole, or vucuivy made by the warping of wood. Cbop-hcitfe, a kind of cook's (hop, where meat is reidy drilled, fo called from their deahng mofilv in mutton chops. GHO'PPiNG, Adj. [fiom cbhppinejhtgc or lufty, applied to infants. " The fjir and c^5;>;iin^ child. " Fent. Chcppirg.L'ock, a \ong thick block of wood, ufed by butchers to cleave or chop their meat up^n. Chopping- krife, a larger foiiof kni:e, ufed for chopping or min- cing meat. CHOP'PY, Adj [from chop'] full of holes, or clefts 5 appearing as if cut, or chopt, owing to the efledts of cold, applied to the hands, (jfc. CHOPS, S. [it has no fmgular.and is fup pofed by John Ton to be a ci>rru()tion o( Chaps] the mouih ot a beaft. Figuratively, ufed jn contempt for the mouth of a man. CHO'RAL [from chorus, Lat.J belonging, to, or compofing a choir, or chorus, CHORD, [pronounced hard, as if the h was droppe(i ; when it implies a ilring made of heinp or lilk, it is fpell corj, but when it retains its primitive fenle, the i> is retained] the rtring of a mufical irJlrument, by the vi- bration of which all founds arc excited, as by its diviGons the feveral degrees of tune are determined. In Geometiy, a right line, ler- xnipated at each end of ns extremities in the circumference of a circle, but not palliii}; throii|!h its centre. Line of chori's, is one ot the lines of the feTfor or plain fc.nle. In An atomv, a little nerve extending ovtr tljed'-nm of the ear, fuppoled by f. mc to vary and mo- dify founds ihjt l>i3at on the tympanum, in the fame manner as the braces or filings fttetched over the w^r-orum. CHORIA'WBUS, S. [Lat,] in Latin Po etry, a foot confiHing of four fylhblcs, the firit and laft of which are long, and the two middle ones fhort. CHO'RiON, S. [from /yiW, Gr. to hold or contain] in Anatoir.v, a thick, (Ircng, C H R whltiffi membrane, covered with a great num- ber of branches of veins and arteries, and the outward membrane which wraps the foetus. CHO'RISTER, S. one who fmgs in a choir, generally applied to fignify a fint^ing boy. Figuratively, one who fings or makes part of a chorus, beautifully applied to birds. CHORO'GR APHER, S. [from x^f", Cr. a region, and y^ct^pci!, to defcribe] he that defcnbes particular regions or countries. CHORO'GRAPHV, S. [See CHORO- GR APHER J the art of defctibing particular regions and countries, either in words or by maps. Its objeft is more confined than that of geography, and more txten&ve than that of topography. CHO'RUS, S. [Lat.] a number of ringers joining in the fame piece or tune. Figuratively, that part cf a fong in which a whole company join. In Antient Drama, one or more perfons prefent on the ftage duting adramatic perform- ance,- fuppofed fometiiTits as by-flandert, at other: jerving to introduce or prepare the au- dience for the jntroduflion of any particular incident ; and origi.nally the only performers on the Itage. CHOSE, the preter of CHOOSE. CHO'SEN, the participle pjlTive of CHOOSE. CHOUGH, S. [ceo, Sax. chcucas, Fr.] in Natural Hiftory, a bird, like a jack-daw, but fomewhat bigger, which frequents rocks by the fea-fide. CHOULE, S. [commonly pronounced and written joiv/, from gula, l.i:. a throat] the crop of a bird, adhering to the lower fide of the bill, and defcendin^ by its throat, fome- what refembling a bag or fatchel, and ferving as a kind of firft ftomach to prepare its food lor digctUon. To CHOUSE, V. A. to deprive a perfon of any thing by plaufible ftories, or (alfe . pretences. CHOUSE, S. one who is a proper obj,efl: for fraud ; a bubble, or tool ; a trick or /ham. CHRISM, S. [from x^irfxx, Gr. of xfw, to anoint] the a£l of anoinring j applied gene- rally to anointing, as the initiation into fome office, or rendering a perfon qualified for fome profefiion, a fcriptural fenfe. CHRIST, S. [a/.i/?^j, Lat. of Xfiro;, Gr. anointed, Crij'}, Sax J one of the appellations given to our Lord and Saviour Jefus, fignifying the fame as MjjJab, uf;d by the Jews, and both importing the validity of his claim to the high charaif^T he afliimtd, and the reality of his being quilified to undertake the great work of rcdemotio.T. ToCHRl'STEN, V. A. [chri/lrsian, Sax. from Cr:J?, Sax. Cluift] to initiate or enter into the church of Chrift by the facraraent of bapiifm. Figuratively, to give a thing a name, alluding to the praftice of naming perlons at this ceremony. " Cbiijim the thing what you will." Buir.ri, CHRIS- C H R CrtRI'STENDOM, S. [chriftendome, Sax. from crijlene, Sax. Chriftian, and dome, Sax. office, province, or dominion] the colledtive booy of Chrilriaas j thofe parts wherein Chri- ftianity is profelTed. CHRl'S TENING, S. the ceremony of bap- tifm. CHRKSTIAN, S, [chrijVams, Lat.^firt*- vcf, Gr.j a perfon who believes in Chrift, and profelTes the principles of his religion. They who profefled the religion of Jefus, were at firft termed Difciples, but the title of CbriJ- t'lans was firft given to thofe of Antioch, as appears frofn the AEisof the j4foJlks. CHRl'STIAN, Adj. [chnjhanus, Lat. crif- ttr.e, criflenefolc, crijiene men, Sax.] profefling the Chriftian religion. The. Moji Cbiijiian king IS a title all'umed by the king of France, fup» pofed by French antiquarians to have been giv- en originally by Gregory the Great, to Charles Mattel. CHRI'STIAN-NAME, [from crijienena- man, Sax.] is that name which is given a per- fon at his baptifm. CHRISTIA'NITY, S. [chritiente, Fr.] the doftrines delivered by Chriit and his Apof- tles, and profefled by Chriftians. To CHRISTlAN'iZE, V. A. [from cnft. tiian, Sax. J to convert a perfon, or convince him of the truth of the doftrines of Chiiftia- nity. CHRIST'MAS, S. the day on which the nativity of our bleffed Saviour is celebrated. Chrijimai-iiox, a box in which money collefted, as gifts, by fervant?, at Chriftmas, is kept. Figuratively, the collections made at Chrifl- mas. CHRO'MA, S. [Gr. colour] in Rhetoric, the method made ufe of to palliate any circum- Itance. CHROMA'TIC, Adj. [from chroma] in Painting, that part which confifts in colouring. CHRO'NIC, or CHRONICAL, Adj. [from X?*'''©', Gr.] that which endures or lafts a long time. In Medicine, applied to thofe dif- eafes which are oppofed to the acute, or fuch as foon come to a crifis. CHRO'NICLE, S. [chronijue, Fr.] a re- gular account of tranfactions in the order they happen ; a hiftory. To CHRO'NICLE, V. A. to infert in a hiftory ; to be recorded ; to be made famous, X)t h.inded down to the memory of pofterity. CHIIO'NICLER, S. one who writes a re- gular account of tranfadtions according to the order in which they were peiformed j an hi- Aorian. CHRO'NOGRAM, S. f from ^fv©-, Gr. time, and y^a/j.f/.a, a writing, of y^u^co, to write] an inlcription, whole numeral letcets ■compofe fome particular date. CHRONO'LOGER, S. one who makes the fettling the dates of foimer tranfactions his particular ftudy. CHRONOLO'GICAL, Adj. relating to C H U chronology ; the periods in which any trani- a£^ions happened. CHRONOLO'CICALLY. Adv. in hrh. a manner as is confiftent with the rules of chro- nology. CHRONOLO'GIST, S. SeeCHRONO- LOGER. CHRONO'LOGV, S. [See CHRONO- LOGER] the att of tracin;; the times wherein any remarkable tranfadVum is performed. CHRONO'METER, S. [from x^:'-^, G''' an 1 |ixel^ev] an inftrument ufed for the mea- fuiing time. ' CHRY'SALIS, S. [of X;i^o-(S>-, Gr.j in Na- tural Hiftory, a worm or caterpillar in its fe- cond ftate, wherein it continues without eat- ing, or any motion unlefs in its t.iil, for foms time, till it butfts its pellicle, and changes in- to a moth or butterfly. CHR'YSOLITE, S. [from Xi""^®^' Gr. and Xt5^- • a general term given b> the ancients to all precious ftones, that had a caft of gold or yellow in their compofition. Among mo- derns, a precious ftone of a dufky-^/een colour, with a caft of yellow. CHUB, S. jn Natural Hiftory, a non-fpi- nous fifti, or that which has no prickly fins, and only one on its back. CHU'BBED, Adj. Figuratively, having a large head, alluding to that of a chub. To CHUCK, V. N. to make a noife like a partridge, or a hen calling her chickens. To CHUCK, V. A. [cbic, Fr.J to give a perfon a gentle ftroke under the chin ; to en- deavour to throw money into a holt-, made in the ground, at fome dlftance. CHUCK, S. the noife of a henj an ex- prefJion of endearment} a caft, by which a perfon endeavours to throw money into a hole made in the ground for that purpufe. Chuck- farthing, a play wherein mon^y ii chucked in- to a hole made in the ground. ToCHUC'KLE, V. A. [fchaecien, Belg.J to laugh vehemently, to as to be out of breaih ; to call like a hen. Figuratively, to fondle, or chuck under the chin. CHUFF, S. a coarfe, heavy, blunt, furly, and paflionate clown, CHU'FFY, Adj. furly, morofe. CHUMP, S. a thick heavy piece of wood, lefs than a block. CHURCH, S. [cyric, c'lrce. Sax. kerke, Belg. hirch, Teut. Kijiaxu, Gr. from Kv^i®', Lord, and o,k©^, a houfe] the whole colleiftivs body of Chriftians. *' The whole cjtbalK church.^'' A body or afl'embly of Chriftians, united by the fame principles and doitriiies, and making ufe of the fame mode of woifhip ; aplace of worftiip. In Architefture, a large oblong building, confiftingof a fteeple, beifry, nave, choir, ifles, £^c. To CHURCH, V. A, To read the peculiar fervice, of returning thanks to God for a hap- py delivery, with the perfon who is recovered from child-bed. P 3 CHURCHILL, C H U forces, and a falary of 10,000 I. psr annuM allowed him, when, Mjy 4, war was declar- ed againft France hy Gre.it-Eiitain, the Ern- pcror, and the States-General, though the French did not proclaim tilt July 3. Upon his return to Enjlsnd, he had the-thanks of the pdrlisment tt^r his conduc>, and the queen created hi:v muyuis of Ulandford, and duke of M/trlborouf h, and gave him 5000 I. a year out of the pof* ctfice tor life, Jn the cam- paign of 1705, his grace took Bonne, with Hiiy and Linntiourg. On July 2, 1704, llis grace attacked ;he enemy, Itrong'y intrenched a'. Schfilenberg, and entirely dcfe.»tcd themi and n-exc morning, he took pofl". ffion of Do- nawerr. On Auguft 4, at th= famoti; battle Blenheim, he t- ta !y routed the er.emy, and took Marfhal Tallard prifoner, whonn he af- terwar.is brought with hifn to England. Upon his arriv.il in England, he noi oiu'y had the thanks of bo'h houfes ol paiiiamcnt, but the commons acdreiling the queen to perpetiia'e hi"! memory, her majefty declared her intention of grartii'a ihe intereil of the .crown in iKe mi'.nor of Woodstock, free frim all incum- Kr.inces ; and a bill paffed both houfe for that pur^ofe. In June 1705, his grate raifed the ffge ot Liege, and the next month retook Hoy, and palVed the enemy's lines, who re- treated with fo much precipitation, that th«y Iftt joco m^n behind them, who were inade priloners. The emneror, as an acknowledg- ment of his eminent ftrvices, msde him an atliul grant of the territory of Mindelheim in Sv.abia. Mjy the 2.3d, 1706, was fought the memorable battla ot Ramillies, i/i which t!ie enemy had about 8coo killed, and 6cco taken piifoners. Ke arrived in England the latter end of November, and received the thanks of both houfes of parliament ; and an aft palled, fettling the hunouis and dig- nities of duke of Marlborough upon |his po:!tiity, aniiexing the manor of Wuodftoclc and Blenheim houfe. On Jnly 12, 1738, the duke and prince Engene beat the French at Oudenard, where the enemy had 4000 killed, 5CC0 wounded, and 7000 tjken pri- foners. On September ii, he at'acke^ ihe French at Maljilaquet, and obtained a vicfory. In 17 10, Dov.'ay, Fort Scaipe, Rethune, and fome otiier places were taken. On Decem- ber 2S, he arrived in England 5 but the mi' piftry being changed, and not meeting with the tifual reception, he refigned all his places ; but her majefty renewed his commiffion ; and in April 17 J r, hit grace joined the army, and he was taken into favoi.r again, and appointel i on th-; loth f>f Auguft he inverted Bouchjin, covernor to the duke of Gluureiler, and I'woin which furreiidercd' -Sept. 13th, the garrlfon of the privy council. Towards the latter er.rt being mjde pnfoners of war. This was his of the kin^,'s reign, he was appointed am- lair military exploit ; for he now found him- bafTador extraotdiriary to the StateS-Genetal, j fclf accufed by the houfe of cnnDmons of tak- general of foo*, and commander in chief ofi ing Ijige fums yearly inm the contfa£fors for )]is maiefly's forces in Holland. In i7o;,| bread ano bread waggous, v.lr.cli uas voted vpcn the death of the icing, he \vas entrufted j i.'l-gal ; .ino that iii= tv.'o and a half percent. %vi:h the chief ceoimand ot the confederate [viedu&cd fiom the foreign troops ought to be attounted C H U CHU'RCHILl. [John] dtike of Marlbo- TOu?h, burn Ju ie 24, 1650, was lecond fon of Sir Winilon Churchill, knight, of Wo'- ton, in he county of Wilts, by Elizabeth, d. ughter 01 Sii John Drake, baronet. His fifter who wa', rriaid of hcnour to the duchefs of York, iec->inmendcd him to the duke; who made him me of/his pages of honour ; and foon afterwards prelented him with a pair of coluu-f in the Guards. In 1672, the duke of MriniTiouth gave hirn a captain's comniil- fion in his own rt-giment, when he ferved un- der his Grace, in the Netherlands, aj^.iinfl- the putch, who were at vari nee with Lev.is XIV. At the fieg" of Maeiiricht, the next year, he v.as the firfl who mounted a breach in a hall moon that the Dutch had retaken, and plant- ed the French co'.cuis thereon with his own hind. Upon his return to England, kiug Charles promottd him o te lietu?:iant-eo!or.el cf Sir Charles Lyttleton's regiment of foot. In 1681 he married Sarah, daughter and co- beirefs of Richar'! Jennings Efq; of Sand- ri.::-^, in Henforcfhire. In '683, he was cre- ateu lord Churchill, and baron of Eymovith, anil fiil the comrr-and of the third troop ot horfe-guaics given him. Upon the accellion cf j3;.-.es JI. he ccntinued him in all hiK ein- pl yrr.ents, cteated him baron Cliu;chi!l o! Ss'Jricgc, in the county of Herrford, advanced him to be a brigadier-general,' and fent him ambalTjdor to France, to notify kingChjiles's death, and his own acccfiion. Uptn hi3 re- turn, he was fent to command the troops in the VJc^, agiinfl the ouke cf Monmouth, who had tak.-n up jrms againft his fovereign, ^nd great'y contri. u'ed ;o the viiflory at Sedge- more, which put 311 end to the rebellion As he was one cf thofe who had invited the prince of Orange over, he joined him, upon his landing at Sherborne, excufing himfeU to the kirg by letter for this conduit. His high- nefs continued liim a gentleman ot the bed- chamber ; promoted him to the rank of a lieutenant-general ; and, in April i6?9, ne vas created cail of Mirlbcroujh, in the coun- ty of Wilts J and the fame year he command- ed th : Englifii forces in Fhndeis. Next year he was fent over to Ireland, and reduced Cork and KinCale. In 1691, he atter.ded kin^ William sllihefummer in Flanders. In 169a he fell into ditgrace (upon what occaficn js not dearly known) and the king difmided him his lervice, and foon after he was fent to the Tower, with fome other peers, upon a falfe atcufation of high treafon. In 169 C H U accounted for. This accufatioB his grace an- fvvered. However, on January i, Jyia, he was removed trcm all his offices of tiufi: ; and finding every attempt made ule of to ren- der him odicus, he wilely vvuhdrew, and em- barked tor Oftend Nov. 30 j but returning again to England in 17 14, he landed at Dover the very day queen Anne diedj and king George reftored him to 2II his iiigni;ies, tno' he never mote appeared ar the Jic^d of an ar- my. He died at Wi'ndfos-ljdge, June 16, 1722, in tie 73d year of his age, and was buried, Auguft 9, wiih all the pomp due to his great fervices, in VVeftminfter Abbey. CHURCHILL, (Chaties) the moa re- markable fatyrifi of the prefcnt age, was fon of the Rev. Mr. Churchill, lefturer and curate of St. John's, V/eftminfter. He was educated in Weitminfter-fchool, where he acquired the character of a boy who coulj do v.ell it he would. His imagination was ftrong, but his lemper inflexible ; fo that he lound great difficulty in conforming ro the regularity of a fchool-educaiion. Tnis was, probably, the reafcn uf his being refufed admittance into the univerfity of Oxford, as not being lufficiently acquainted with the learned lan- guages. — He, however, returned to Weft- minrtei-fchoo!, and, at the ufual age, was ad- mitted into holy orders, by the late bilhop of London ; and foon retired to a fmall curacy in Wales, where, in order to add fomething to an inconfideratjle income, he commoced dealer in cyder. This fcheme proving un- fuccefsltil, he was obliged to quit the country ; and underwent a variety of diilrelies, till, rouzed by the eirorts of his friend Mr. R. Loyd, he produced the Roj'dad, geiiprally al- lowed to be his beft pertbrmance. His j^po-' logy to the Critical Re-v'tetoen foon foiluweci j which being likewife well received, our poet became intoxicated with profit and praife, threw oft his clerical habit, commenced a man of the town, and thought his merit a fufficient excufe for his irrcgolarities. It niuft be confelicd by Mr. Churthiii's warmeft admirers, that much of his fuccefs arofe from the choice of fubjcfts, joined to the national and perlonal invectives, with which his pieces abound ; for his poem called Night, being written upon a general fubjeft, tound few readers, and fewer aomirers ; while his Pro- phecy of Famine was bought up with avidity, being, in the words of his friend Mr. Wilkes, perfonal, poetical, and poliiica!. The 6'/^^/, Gotban:, Jndepend , ', and I'he Times, leein rather to be aimed at the pockets than the heads of his readers ; and it is univerfally allowed, that the laft-mentioned piece is dil- graceful to his country, and diflioncurable to himfeK. — He died of a military fever, at Boulogne, where he went on a vifit to Mr. Wilkes, who loft in him a warm friend and an able coadjutor. — Death alfo deprived the J ptiblic of ia epic f ocm, uWi^ CuUudtn, ihn C H Y plan of which Mr. Churchill had formed, »nA in p.irt executed. Had he lived to have com- pleted his defign, there is reafon to believe he would have acquired more reputation from this work th^n all ti.s othet produftions. ' CHIVRCHMAN, S. one who profelf" the religion or mode of worthip by law ettablifli- '^ I j a miiiilter, a perfon who officiates in i| church. CHURCHWARDEN, S \cyricean eaUer, Sax. Of from church and ivardrn, of loscLrden, to vvaxh. or keepj an rfHcer eledled yearly, by theminifterand pariftioners of every parliTi, to ii/ok after the church, church-yard, and the thineb belonging co ihem. CHURCH-YARD, S. the ground .djoln- jng to a cliurch, wherein the cead are buiied. CHURL, S. [carl, Diit. a ruftic, or down, karl, ilL an old man, kaerl, Bclg. ftroii"] a clown, or unpolifhed couutryman. Figura- tively, a mcio'.c, furly, or ill-bred perfoa j 3 nit;gard, or a mifcr. CHU/RLISH, S. like a rude, ill-bred clown ; lurly, uncivil, felfiiTi, avaricious. CHU'RLISHLY, Adv. in a rude, uncivil, unkind, or b-uui manner. CHU'RLISHNESS, S.rude, obftinate, and. lurly behaviour. , CHURN, S. a veflel in which cream, by violent 01 long agitation, is turned into butter. To CHURN, V, A. to make butter, by frequent and continual motion. To CHUliE. See CHOOSE. CHYLA'JEOUS, Adj, [trom chyle] con- fiding ol c.i!3le-, pirtakiag of the qualilits of thyie ; refembling cbyfe. CHYLE, S. {xy>^^, Gr._J in the Animal (Economy, a milky, infipid liquor, confitiing ot oily and mucilaginous particles exiroiTted trom dillblved aliments of ;-very kind, and by a p"Culiar meciianifm convfjcj to he olood . CHYLEF'ACTiVE, Adv. [Sec CHY- LIFACTIONJ naving the power of making chyle ; endued with the quality ot converting alimenc into chvle. CHYL1F/.C-TJON, S. the ad of con- verting the juice of aliments into a white liquor, aifo ttie chyle. CHYLOPO'ETIC, Adj. [from ;)(^t;Xof, and •moiicti, Gr.] having the power or office af converting aliment into chyle. CHV'LOUS, Adj. confiding of chyle 5 re- fembling or partaking of the qualities of thyle. CHY'MIC, orCHYMICAL, Adj. [cby- miens, Lat.J made by, or relating lOcnymiftry, CH V'MIC ALLY, Adv. in a chymical man- ner. CHY'MIST, or CHEMIST, S. [See CHYMISTRYj a profclfor ot chymiftry. CMY'MISTRY, S. (from yj.'Ao;, Gr.] an art by which fenfibie bodies, contamed in vcndb, 3ie (o changed by means of fire, that their (eveial powers and virtues are thereby difcoveied, their feveral fubftiinces feparatcd, and new boditjs comfolcd by the mixture of ^ i- diffcreiii: fimerent fjSOances or ihgredisnfS. tlBA'RlOUS, AJj. [ci/'arius, Lat.] pro feer for food ; partaking of the qualities of CI^CATRICE, or CICATRIX, S. [Lat.] a little feam, or eiev.uion <.f callous fleiTi, jifing and r'sniainitig on the Jkin, after the hfalin*;^ of a v.T>Ond. CICATRPSANT, or CiCATRISIVE, Adj. in Mecicir.e, applied to fucii applications ss are deficcatis/c, aia nature to repair tlie fkin bf a wounc', snd forrn znefcbar, CICATRIZA'TIGN, S. in Surgery, the &il of heaiing a wound j the ftate of being healed orikinned over. To CIC/.TRi'ZE, V. A. [from cicatrix] to apply futh medicines to woundc, as heal and Ikin tlicrrt over j to heal and fi<in a wound Over. t 1^ fhlta, Or a'Ave tfee, and growing In the ilian^ of Cevlon. CINQLJE, S. [Fr] in gaining, a five otl dice, &€. CIN'QnEFOIL, S, a kind of five-leaved clover. CJ'ON, S. IJion, or felon, Fr.] in Botany^ a young twip, fhoot, or fprout of a tree j a ihoot ingrafted or inferted on a ftock. CJ/PHER, S. [chifre, clfra, Ital. ft^hre^ Heb, numbers] an arithmetical charafter <tr njmber marked (o) thus : though of r^o val«e itfelf, in integers it incrcsfes the value of fi- gures, i,vhen let on the right hanti, and de- creafes them in the fame proportion, when fet before 'hem in decimal Iraftions; a col)e£li-' on Or alTemblage of letters, confifting of the initi?.ls of a perfon's name, interwoven toge- ther, and engraved on plate, or painted, in- ClCHORA^CEOUS, Adj. [from ficisriz/^f, ftead ct tfcjtcheions, on Coaches; certai.T i,at.] having the cjnaliti'-s of 'uccory. characters made ufe rf by peifons to conceal CICU'TA, S. [Lac] in Botany, a vege table pvifcn, divioc:! into major and minor; likewife a poifcnous juice or liqucr expieiTed Jtom the cicuta acjt'aika. CINDER, S. \cidre, Fr. fJra, Ital. fcera, tat, irXKtfit, Gr.] a briik, cool liquor prepar- isd from the iuice of apples. CI'DER;. iN, S. [from cider and ki-, a di- irinutive partic].--] the liquor m.ade of the grofs tiiaticr of the apples, after the cider is ^reiTed o'it, ijy ihe a^iiiition of boiled water. CJE'LIN'G, See CEILING. CIE'RGJi), S. [Fr. J a candle carried in prc- fceSions. Cl-'LIA, S, [Lat.] in Anatomy, the palli- fadocs of iftiff hairs wherewith the eyes aie guarded. CI'LL-IRY, Adj. [rmum. Lst.] in Anato- jny, belongino to the eye-lids. Ci'jVIETER, S, [c'imetarra, S^an. and Port, from rh.'riftcr, Turk.] a fort of fword, ulcd fcy the Turks, fir rt, heavy, flst, with but One edge, and curved towards the point. It is fometimes fpd: frymeter, or frimeiar. CIN'CTURE, S.- a girdle, or cloathing ^•0;n round the tcdy. Figurstively, an inclu- fure. Cm'DER, S. [f.Wrf, ?r. finder, Sax. and "Teut. cimii, Ital. of anaes, Lat.] ccals burnt till moft ot their fulphur is con fumed, reduced to a porous cake, and quenched before they turn to allies ; a red hoi coal that has ceaf^d to fiamc. CPNERATIOM, S. [cmms, Lat.] inChy- mifltv, the i£t of reducing a body to jfhes. CINERI'TIOUS, S. [c;7rc/-;r;ai, of chieres, Lat.] navir.g the form, cr refcmblifh aftcf. Ci'NMAi5AR, S. [;<!»v»,?cj, Qr. chnr.bnris, Lat. J a minerai fuKf>arice, ikC, heavy, anJ brilliaritj the wre out of which quickfilver is drpftn, conf;!iing partly of a fulphuteous, and jartly oi a mercurial nature Cl'NNAMON, S. [cinminiomum, Lat.] the the fubjeiis they write aboilt from others ; the key to explain any private charaiftcrs. A ire cyphtr, a perfon of no importance or in- tereft. To CI'PKER, V. N. to perform the ope- rations of arithmetic. CIR'CLE, S. larcului, Lat. circle, Fr.] irt Geometry, a plane figure, comprehended un- der One line only, to v^hicli all lines drawn from a point in the middlfe are equal. Figu- ritivejy, a curve line, which being continued, ends in the ])oint from whence it begun, hav- ing clii': parts equidiftant from a point in th4 middle, c^llrd the center: but this is properly the periphery or circumference of a cirdf. ; the circumference or extremities of any round body ; an aft'embly of pecple forming a ring ; a company ; a feries oi thingo following one another altcr.-.atcly. A fyllogifti; circle, is when one of the prcmi'es is queftioned and oppofed, and atre.mpted to be proved by the concliifion. Circles of the EKpire, are fuch as have a right to be prefent at the diets : th^ are ten in nurrab-^r. To CIRCLE, V. A. to move round an)> thing; to furroun:!, encompafs, or indofej to confine, or keep together. Cl'RCLED, Part, having the form of a circle. CPRCLET, S. [a diminutive of circle] a circle : an orb. CIP^'CLING, Adj. furrounding or encora- pafii.ig like a cirole. Cl'ROC/lT, S. [cirruir, Fr. circuitus, Lat. from circz^r-co, Lat. to g "Ground] the moving round any tiling ; the mution or rfvolutionof a planet round iis orbit ; a fpate inclofed with a circle ; the circumference of any thing ; the fpace which any thing meifiires in going round it 5 a ring, a crown, or that which encircles any thing ; the journeys taken by the judges into different counties, to adminifter juftice in ihofe places that are di'Vant from London j iatic tii a,* aromatic tree reiembiinf ihe ta'm-j th° partictjiar traft vilited by a jedge. To ¥o CI'RCUIT, V. N, to mo* rouna, or* tn a circle. CJRCUITE'ER, orCIRCUITER, S. one that travtic in a circuit j that which move* in an orbit. CIRCUI'TION, S. [circuitlo, Lat.J the ad (of going round about. Figuratively, circumlocu- tion ; compal's, oroomptehenfion otargumeni. CIRCU'LAR, Adj. [circu/aire, Fr. ciuu- larh, Lat.j round, in the form of a circle. Fi- guratively, fucceffion, in Vl^h^ch that which proceeds iirft returns again. Circular letter, a letter addrelled to feveral perfons, who have the fame intereft in forrie common aftair. Or- cular lines, fuch ftruight lines as are divided by the divifions made in the arch of a circle. Cir- iuicir failing, is that which is performed in the aith of a ?reat circle. CI'RCULARLY, Adv. in the form of a circle j with a circular motion. To CIRCULATE, V. N. [from drculm, Lat.] to move in a circle ; to be in ufe, fo as to be conttantiv changing its owner. CIRCULA'TJON, S. the aft of moving in a circle ; a motion wherein a body returns in a curved line to the point from which it fet out : a feries or fucceffion, in which things preferve the fame order, and return to the fame ftatc. The circulation of tie blood, was difco- fered in England in 1628, by Har-vey. Cir- culation, in Chymiftry, is a motion given to liquors, in a circulating glafs, cauiing them to afcenJ and defcend. CIRCUL.VTORY, S. [from circulate] in Chymiftry, a glals veiTel, confifting of two parts, luted on each other, wherein the fineft parts mount to the top, and finding no paffage fail down again. CIRCU/MAMBIENCY, S. [circum, Lat. and ambio, Lat.j the aft of encompaffing or fiiTOunding. CIRCUMA'MRIEMT, Part, [circumam- 'hiens, Lat.] compafTing a thing round ; encir- cling; indofmg; furrounding ; encompafling. To CIRCUMCi'SE, V. A. [from circum, Lat. round about, and fciudo, Lst. to cut] to cut o(i the prepuce or fore/kin. Figur ttively, to reduce the mind to fuch a ftate as was typified by circumcifion, i. e. to live in a conformity with the divine commands. " Circamcift the foreficin of your heart." Deut. x. 16. CIRCUM'CISION, S. [from circumcife'\ the aft of cutting oft" the forefkin. Figurative- ly, Judaifm, or a Jiw. " Cometh his bleffed- nefs on ih^ circuinci/tsn only." Rom, iv. 9. CIRCU'JVIFERENCE,' S. [circumferentia, Lat. ot circum, round, Andfero, Lat. to carry] rhe periphery of a circle ; the line including and lurrounding any thing ; the fpace inclof- «d in a circle, the extremities of a round body. Figuratively, any thing of a round form. " The broad circumference hung on his fhoul- dtr like a moon." Par. Loji, To CIRCU'JVIFERENCE, Y. A. to in- clude in a cirele j to circumfcribe, or confine. C If. Included only in itfelf, ot clrcumferenced hf its furfacf." Bacon. CIRCUMFBRE'NTOR, S. [from oVf«w- fero, Lat.J an inftrumeat uled by furveyors in taking angles, confiftinjof a brjfs index wiih fights, a compafs, and moufUcd on a rtaft* with a ball and focket. CIR/CUMFLEX, S. [cir.umfjexus, Lit.] an accent marked ih o? (~) uicd Co regulate tiie pronunciation, and requires an undulation be- tween the grave and acute. CIRCU'-MFLUEMCE, S. {ciraorfuentia. Lat.j an inclofure mad« by waters riowmg round any thing. CIRCU'MFLUEN T, Part, flowing round any thing, or inclofing any tiling with water. To CIRCUMFU'SE, V. A. [circumfuf^s^ Lat. from circumfudo\ to pour round 3 to dif- lule, or fpread every way. CIRCUMFU'SILE, Adj. [from circtm^ itiifufilis, Lat.J that which may be poured, diftufet), or fpread round any thing. CIRCUMjA'CENT, Part, [circumjacen:. Lat.j lying round any thing ; bordering on every fide ; contiguous. CiRCUMLOCU'TION, S. [from 'circunt, Lat. about, and locutum, fupine, of hjuor, Lat. to fpeakj the exprefling a fentiment in 2 number of words ; a periphrafis ; an indiredl way of exprefling a perfon's fcniiments. CIRCUJVIMU'RED, Adj. [from circum^ Lat. about, and murus, Lat. a wallj encom- pafled, or furrnundtid with a wall. CIRCUMNA'VIGABLE, Adj. \_circum~ na-uigo, Lat.J that which may Ke failed round. CIRCUMNAVJGA'TION, S. [drcumnai. ■vigatum, fupine of circumnavigo, Lat. the failing round any l raft of lind. CIRCUMPO'LAR, Adj. [from circum, and potaris, Lat.J in Aftronomy, applied to ftars near the north pole, which move round it without fetting. CIRCUiVIPOSI'riON, S. [from circum, znA pojltio, Lat.j the a£t of fetting or placing any thing In a ting or circle. " Now is your feafon for circiii7ipo(ition.^' Evelyn. CiRGUMROt A'TION, S. from {circwn, and roto, Lat.j the aift of whirlit)g a thing round with a motion like that of a wheel ; the ftate of a thing whirled round. To CIRCUMSCRI'BE, V. A. [from c.V- rumfcribo, Lat.J to indole in certain lines or limits. Figuratively, to bound, limit, confine or reftiain. In Geometry, rhe defcribing a figure, with many angles, about a circle, in fuch a manner as all the fides Ihall be tangents to the circumference. CIRCUMSCRIP'TION, S. [drcymjcrip. tto, Lat.j the determination to a particular li» gure ; limitation, reftraint, boundary. C1RCUMSCRI1"T1VE, Adj. fSceCIR- CUM3CRIPTIONJ that which determine! ■he fhape or figure of a body. CIRCUAI'SPECT, Adj. [circumfpeaum, Lat.j cautious j a pcrfon attentive to the cftetts 6 of C I R of hiJ aSlions, znfi who weighs the Jangers aari di!5cul:ies w^th which ihey are atienrfrd CIRCUMSPE'CTION, S. [See CIR- CUiV15l'£CTJ looking round about one. A C3u: ous or wary cor.auft, wherein a perfot, ■weighs tjie dangers and difiiciiltits wiih which bis aclions sre attended, and endeavtwts to guarJ againft tham. ClRCUMSl't'CTIVE.Arj. lonlcing rouno about ; taking tU the meaiures wb'ich may prevent u difappoinrrnent, or fecuta a jerfon from anv malicioufnel's of an enemy. CIRCUiWSPE'CTLY, Adv. in a caiiticus, iifiieetjand prudent manner j guar;;ipg zgainii 3Ceiic!ent9, and precluiiir.v. any oifappoininrients. Cl'RCUMSTANCif, S. [aw«p.w, Fr.j the particular incidenc beh>nging to any a£li- *>:>, which deterinin' s it to be eithrr g»od ox fead, or a faC'l [nobablc or improbable j an event. XJui in the phiral, tor the llate or eoBdiiioii of 3 perfon ; bad c^numjlarcrs (ig- nityi.g diitrei's or poverty, and ^cod cucuk- pences, riches cr affluence. To ClTvCUMSTANCH, V. N. to be. placet! in a particular li^ht j to be attended v.jth peculiar inci(^ent£. , Ci'RCUMSTANT, Tart. [chcu»ij!jm, Lit.] ft^ndini: roun.-), fiirrounding. CiRCU-MSTAN'TIAL, Adj. [cinur/Ian tiit'l), luw Lat.J accidental, tppoied to eii'en- tial. Minute; paniru'.jr, wherein all the dil- fiiicnt relations and attendant n.afons ol an ac- tion are enumerated. CIRCL'MSTAN rj'ALITY, S. the /'ateoi a thing, with ail the p^ciilii>i ii ies auending it. To CiRCUMSTA'NlIATE, V. A. t pbce a thing cr aflion in a particular fitiiatinii er teLiion^with refpeO to tbe accidents which a'.'end or deti-rmine irs quality. T* CIRCUA1VA'LLAT£, V. A. {cir- air.z/eiJarua, o( circum-'u-'k, Lat.] to enclofe 5 to liirrr.und with trenches and lortificaticns. CiRCUMVALL.vnON, S. ihs art of mtiecching or fortifying a camp or place with ■woiks. In icrij/ication, a line or tiencli V.ith a parapety thrown up by the befiegers, en- ectnpziVmg all their camp, to defend it againft any force that mtv attempt to relieve the place. To ClRCU.ViVE'NT, V. A. to over- reach a peifon by fiiperior craft ; to deceive, - wr impofe upon, by fpecious pretences, and fccret artifices, CiRCUMVE'NTION, S. [cinum^.fiirw, Lat.j U>< imputing upon, or overreaching a fetlon iiy iecrei artifices and lubtlety. To CIRCLMVE'ST, V. A. from lir- cun:, and ■vtjiio, Lat.] 10 clothe all over with a g.irment j to clothe, or furround as with a garment. To CIRCUMVO'LVE, V, A. [cWcum volvo, i.at.j to roll round ; to roll any body in an orbir or circle, CIRCUMVOLU'TJON, S. [circumvelutio, Lat.J the itt of rolling a thing roun J; the C I T CI'RCirS, -or CIRQtrE, S. [cinus, Lat.l in Anti(.]uity, a large builuing, either roun<i or i>yii, arched at one end, encompalTed with porticoes, furnifhed with rows of feats rifing above each other, ami uled for the exhibiting ihews to the people. CIST, S. [ci/h, Lat. cip, Six.] a cafe; a covering. In Medicine, the colt of a tumor. Cl'STED, Adj. [from ciji] inclofed in a baj, cr membrane. Ci^' lERN, S. fci/?.'rKtf, Lat.] a receptacle tor wjter of rain, placed in yards or kitch- ens for family ule ; a large refervoir of water, or incb;ed lountain. Figuratively, a refervoir or tepolitory, CiT, S. j a contraiflion of atizen'] one wli* lives ia the city, oppofcd to one ai the court j a word of conteniDt. ClTA'D'iiL, S'. [ettadeHc, Fr.] a fort, m place loitificd with four, five, or fix baflioiu^ m, order to delciul a ciiy againft enemies, and :o !ieep the inhabitants in their obedience. Cl'TAL, S. [iVcn e!te\ a repn.of, or im- peachment \ a fummons, or a call to appear in a court. CITA'TION, S. [from citatum, Lat.} ia Law, a fummons to appear before an eccle- fiallical jud.e, on fome taufe relating to the vhurch 5 quoting or mentioning an author's name ; ib<: pall'age quoted from an author ; a •iweniion, detail, enumeration. CITATORY, Adj. having the power of a funinions, cr ufed as a fummons. To CITE, V. A, [from c'uo, Lat.] to fum- mons or call a perl'on to appear in a court of iuliiie; to cnjoir>, ot call oft a perfon wi-ij duihoriiy ; to quote.' Ci'TER, .S. one who fummonfes a perfon to ap^Mjjr in a court j one who quotes a paUage from an author. CiTl'ZF.N, S. [citcysn, Fr.] a perfon who is Irec of a city ; one wtio carries on a trade in a city, oppofed to a gentleman, or a ibldier. " Wiien he fpeaks not like a cilixen^ you find him a loldier." Hhak. Cl'TRlNE, Adj. [ciirirt:/:, Lat.J len>on- colouied, of a dark yellow. Cl'TRlNE, S. [citrirtus, I^at. ('i:riM, Ft. and Iial.J a fpecies of ciyftal ot an extremely beautiful yellow. It is cenerally clear, fine, and free from f^aws. Ci'TRON, S. [citrus, Lat.] a fruit which comes from a hot country, and is in fmell, taftq, and thape, fomewhat like a lemon. CI'TRON'NATE, S, ciiron peel candied and cue inti> pieces. CITY, S. [cite, Fr. citfj, Ital.J a large ;own inclofed with a wall, in Law, a town corporate, that hath a bifhop and a cathedral church ; the inhabitants of a city; the heart or middle of a place, oppofed to the extrtmi- (ies. Cl'TY, Adj. living in a city; like a clu- zen ; with vain paradr or ollentatious affluence. rtate of beina tound : the ibinc tolled round. " Miks not a city fe»ft of il." i/w^'f. ■ crV£Ta C L A CI'VET, S, [chet, Fr.] in Natural Hi- ftory, a litile animal, a naiive of Peru and Cuip.ea. not much urlii^i our cat. Cl'VlC, Adj. [cificus, Lat.) that which relates to civii matters, opi^ofed to military. A cix'ic crcivn among the Romans, was m/A& o' oa!ie:; Isavcfi, and given to thoit: that had lav- ed the live cf a citizen. Ci'V/L, Aiij. [civitjs, Lat,] that which belongs to a city, or the government thereof; p^lifl'.sd ; Will icgulated. Cii^i/ "ztvir, is that which citizens or people, of the fame nation wage wiih one "nothei. Cknl demh, is thai which is iiiflided by the lawF, in opjofitiun to natural. Joined with pozucr or maglf.rate, that which is txcrcifeu on the r.rincipks of government, oppoled tomil'.tary. Figuratively, civilized } tiumane j weli-'ored j Cumplaiiant; gentle, biiau.ilully a,)plifd to iuanlmate things. " The rude fea grew c'l'vU at her fong." Shak, Civil la-iv, is that which is opuofed to the coTimo;!, and implies the Rom^n law, contained in tlic inftiruies, digefts, and code. C'x/.'V ymr, thit which is cftdbliiljed by bw in any country, arid is fo called to diiHnguifn it from the natural year, which is determined by thi; revolution of the heavenly bodies. CIVI'LIAN, S. [ci'vilis, Lat.] one who ptofefles and makes the civil lavy his peculiar flutly. CiVIMSAT:ON,.S. a hw which renders a criminal procefs civil, by turning an iufor- in.ition into an inqueft, ^c. ClVl'LITY, S. poiitenefsj a polite addrefs a'.tended with humane and benevolent adlionsj a kindneis bellowed in a polite maancr. To CIVILI'ZE, V. A. to inflruft in fuch Sciences us tend to render inen humane. CIVILTZER, S. one liiat reforms the fa- vage manners of barbarians, and renders lliem both humine and polite. Ci'VlLLY, /\dv. in a manner agreeable to the piinciples of government, and the rules of fociety j in a kind, condefcending^ good-na- tured, and genteel mann r. Ci'ZE, S. [gi^neially written^xe, perhaps from incifum, lupine of inciiio, Lat. to cut] the dimenfiuns of any thing with refpcrt to magnitude or bulk. " Give t^iem the cixe and figure which'they have." Grey. CLACK, S. [clke, Brit. cU, Fr. kLck, Belg.J any thing which rnalles a continued and tailing noife, applied to that of a mill. Figuratively, incefTjnt and impottima'e tattle; the tongue. " He knows not when my cbck will lie." Pricr. To CLACK, V. N, c!c:c;a,t, Bait. 'kUtf- ihen, Teut.J to make a noi!e like that which is heard in a mill when guing j to let the tongue run. or (0 talk much. CLAD, Part, prefer from CLOATH. To CLAIM, V. A. [darner, Fr.] to de- ma.id as a right or due. CLAIM, S. a demand. Of right of dem:mJ- i.ag a thing, as a due, C I. A . CL.A'IMABLE, Ai]. that whit* may be demaudeu as. a due, or as belonging to a per- Ton. CLA'JMANT, S. he that pretends a right to any thing in the pofTifllon of another, and deman.-ls it as his property. CLA''iMER, S. one v>lio demands a thin* as his property. CLA'iii-dBSCURE, S. Sec CLARE- OBSCU.RE. ' To CLAM, V. A. to clog with any gk-.vifli or vifcoasmafer. To CLA'MBER, V. N. [kknunen, Belg. perhaps corrupted from climb, ot ctimher'] to ai- cend or go up a fleep place with aifficclty, fo as to be forced to ufe both the knesand hands. CL'AMMINESS, S. th„- quality by which any fubfiance flicks to, or giews an^ thing that touches it ; vifcidity ; ropinefs. CLA'MMY; Adj. vifcous, ropy, gluti- nous, or adhering to anv thing which touches it.' CLA'MOROUS, Adj. [from chmourl making a noife willi the voice ; fpeaking iou^ and turbu'erit. CLA'MOUR, S. [clamor, Lat.] a noife, or Outcry j an. exaltation ot the voice in anger. Applied with elegance to inanimate thinge. " The loud Arno's boift'rous clamours^' JUT. To CLA'MOUR, V. K. to make a noife; cr fpeek in a loud, pafiionaie, and turbulent manner. _ CLAMP, S. lk!air.,?,e, };lamt>e, Belg.] a piece of v.'ood added to another to flreng'.heii it, and prevent its Uurfting ; a hctlc piece of wood in the form or" a wheel, ufed in a mortice, inftead of a p'uily ; a quantity or col- .ledlion of bricks. Clai::p-nails, are fucii as are ufed to fallen on clamps in the building or repairing of fhips. To CLAMP, V. A. in Joining, to fit a board with the grain to another piece acrols the grain ; this is of ufe to prevent warping. CLAN, S. [klaan, Scot, children, claan, Brit. J a family, race, or tribe j a bodyof per- fons. CLANDES'TINE, Adj. [dande^iijus.Lit.J underhand; fecret ; in order to evade any law j private ; always uied in a bad fenfe. CLANDiiS'TINELY, A-iv. in a fecret or private manner, inclujinj iome illegal or baJ practice. To CLANG, V. A. [dango, Lat.} to make a loud fhrill noife, with a brazen found, , like that of a tru.mpet; or to make a noife like that of armour when flriick witii a folid body, or like fwords when beat together ; to ciaih or ftrike together, fo as to make a noife. CLA'NGOUR, S. [clangor, Lat.j aloud fhrill found. CL.'VNGQUS, Adj. [pronounced f/a^Tj.vr] making a loud and Ihiill noif^, CLANK, S. aloud (htill or har/li noife made uy hard oodtes when chflied tojjcther. CL A "to CLAP, V. A: [clappen, Sax. Happen, JJelg. ^l''/^'", Teut.] to ftrike together with s quick motion, fo as to make a noife ; to put lone thing upon another with a harty, fudden, ariH unexpeifted motion ; to perform any aflion in a quick and unexpcd^ed manner ; to applaud or praife a perfnn by ftriking the hands toge- ther J to ftiut up with a quick or fudden mo- tion. " Cljp to the door." CLAP, S. [cla^, Brit, klapf, Teut.] a loud •nojfe, made by the ftriking of two folid bodies together, or by e)tpIofion,whiin applied to thun- tler j apphufe or approbaiion, teftjfied by ftrik- ing the hands together. In Medicine, the iirft ftate or ftage of the venereal difeafe. CLATPER, S. one who ftrikes his hands together by way of applaufe } the tongue or piece of iron, which hangs in the infide of a bell, and makes it found ; a piece of wood in a mill for fhaking the hopper. Figuratively, the tongue of a perfon that is very talkative, a word of reproach. To CLA'PPER-CLAW, V. A. to fcld. CL AREKCE'UX, or CL AREN TIEUX, S. fFr, pronounceo claurauvjju\ the fecond king of arms, fo called from the duke of Clarence, fon of Edward III. who firft bore this office. He marflials and difpofes the funerals of all the lower nobility on the fouth fide ;he Trent, and is therefore likewife called Surrey, /. e. South- roy or South- king. CLARE OBSCURE, {chlara-fcuro, Ital. from ciarus, briglit, and ohfcurus, L^t, obfcure or darkj in Painung, the lights and fliades in a pifture ; the art of diftributing tlie lights and (hades in a piece to the greateft advanta^ie. CLA'RET, S. [vin claint, Fr.j French Wine, of a clear, pale, red colour. CLA'RICORD, or CLA'RICHORD, S. [from cfaius, Lat. clear, and chorda, Lat. a firing, cla-j:cord'io. Span. J a mufical inftru- ment, in form of a fpinnet, with 49 or 50 keys, and 70 ftrings. CLARIFICA'TION, S. the clearing any thing from impuritie'; ; the fining liquois. To CLA'RiFY, V. A. [clar^jier, Fr. cla- <rus, clear, 3n<^fo, Lat. to become] to fine or tUdke any liijuor cicar. CLA'RIONF, S. [clairon, Fr. clarinn, Ital. tJaren, Span.] a trumpet with a narrower tube and fliriller lound than the common fort. C^LA'RITY, S. [cla/tte, Fr. elarltas, Lai.J brightnefs, fplendor. CLARK, S. See CLERK. To CLASH, V. N. [klctxen, Belg. to make a noife by heatinq j ^.'ar, gla, gtos, Scalv. Boh. Celt. Pol. Dal.-n. g!uje, g.'af/'e, P^ulf. a clafli, or clafliing] to make a noife, appliec to two bodies ftruck together; to aft with op- pofite views; to contradift, oppofe, or difa- gree. " Every time c/ajhivg metaphors are put together." SptiJ. No. 595. CLASH, S. [See the verb] a ncife made by collifion, or the flrikingtwo bodies together ; oppofiti(»noffentimenis, opinions, Qi interefti. C L A CLASHING, S. Sec CLASFl. CLASP, S. [ghejpe, or chrjpe, Belg,] a thin piece of metal.curved at the extremities, which enters into a hole made in another piece, and is ufed to faften two things together, fuch as the two covers of a book, or the two fore- parts of a garmenr, &c. Figuratively, an em- brace, wherein the arms are thrown round the body of a perfon. To CLASP, V. A. [from the noun] to fliut or fatten by a clafp ; to hold within the hands ; to make the fingers meet round the circjmference cf any thing held in the hand ; to inclofe. " Clofp their joints in arms." Skak. CLA'SP-KNIFE, S. a knife which is fur- nifhed with a fpring, and folas into the handle. CLASS, S. [clajfis, Lat.] a colkaion of things ranged according to thtir different na- tures, snd value ; a rank or order. In Jjchonls, a number of boys placed according to their attaina-iCnts, and the authors they read. CLA'SSIC, or CLA'SSICAL, Adj. [r/*/- ficus, Lat. J in nntient Literature, the authors of the Auguftjn age, of received note, and acknowledged abilities. CL.VSSiC, S. an author of the fitft rank fbr abilitieSj and efteemed a ftandard for ftyle. To CLATTER, V. N. [c!atru>ig, chadur. Sax. a rattle, klatieni, Belg. to make a noife] to make a noife by being ftruck often together, applied to ionorous or metalline bodies ; to make a ncife by talking aloud, faft, and little to the purpofe. A low word. CLA'TTER, S. a rattling noife made by the frequent ftriking of hard bodies together j a confuled and tumultuous noife. CLAVA'TED.Part. Iclatatui.hzt.l knob- bed ; or abuunaing v.'ith knobs. CLAVE, the pre;-:r of CLSAVE. CLA'VELLATED, Part. [f/^w.'/c.'w,Lat.J in Chymiftry, made with burnt tart.u. CLA'VICLE, S. [ch-vk-Jayhit.] in Ana- tomy, the collar-bone, of whicn there are two, fitudted between the Icapula and fternum,ejch of them refembling an Italic S, but in women more ftraignt than in men. CLAUSE. S. [claujula, Lat.] a fentence ; a fingle article ; fo much of a fentence as will make fenfe. CLAU'STRAL, Adj. [from dauprum, Lat.] belonging to a cloifter, or religious hoiife. CLAU'SURE, S. [clatijura, Lat. [confine- ment ; the ftare of a perfon Ihut up orconfined in a monaftery. CLAW, S. [elaivan. Sax. klautv, Belg. Hauiv, Ttut. clow, Dan] the foot of a bird or heart, armed wilb a fliarp-pointcd horny lubftance. To CLAW, V. A. [daivan, S,di%. klauwen, Belg. kia-vtn, Teut. klaar, Dan.] to fcratch, ur tear with the nails. CLA'WED, Adj. having claws. Partlci- pially, feized cr I'ciatched with a claw. CLAy, CLE CLAY, S. [clai, Brk. kley, Be!g. kalj Perl'.] a compaft, weighty, ftifF, vifcid, and dudlile earthj when moift; fmooth to th? touch, eafily diffolving in water, and when mixed with it, not quickly fubfiding. Figu- ratively, the earth or fubftance, out of whicn our bodies are by Scripture faid to be pro- duced. To CLAY, V. A. to cover with day. In Agriculture, to mannre with clay, CLA'Y-COLD, Adj. [a co^r. pound wo-d] as cold as day. Figuratively, lifelefs. CLA'YEY, Adj. confiftjfig of, or abound- ing in clay. CLA'YISH, Adj. of the nature of clay, like clay. CLA'Y MARL, S. a whitifh, fmooth, chalky earth, refembling clay, but fomewhat. more fat, and fometimes mixed with chalk ftones. CLEAN, Adj. [Jtene, Sax. g/aa, Brit.] free from dirt or foil. Figuratively free from any moral flrain, wickednefs, or impurity. Adverbially uf-d, il implies entirely, perfeftly, fully or completely. " Domeftic broils clean overblown." Shai. To CLEAN, V. A. [fiom the Adjedlivej to free from dirt or f 1th. CLE'ANLY, Adj. free from dirt or filth .; free from moral impurity : innocent ; challe. CLE'ANLY, Adv. in a clean, neat man ner 5 free from dirt or filth. CLE^ANNE-SS, S. neatacfs; freeirom dirt or fikh ; elegance; exaClnefsj freedom from any immoral i'Tipur'ty. To CLEANSE, V. A. [doa^KjIan, Sax.] to free from dut or fikh by wafhing or rubbing; to free from bad humours by purges, in Me- dicine. To free from matter of fungules, ap- plied to wounds. CLE'.ANSKR, S. in*MedIdne, that which removes any humour, or expels any noxious fluid from the body; a deterj-ent. CLEAR, Adj. [fram c.'air, Fr. of clarus, Lat.J that which may be Teen through. Th.-.t which is free from filth, :,pplifd to ftreams. Free from clouds or mifts, applied to rhe wea- ther. Without r.-.ixture ; pofitive ; plain, or free from any ambiguities or doubtful expref- fions; void of guilt; free from an undue bias or impediment, appliei to the judgment. Ufed adverbially, for entirely or quite. '* Bit it clear oft'." L'Eftrange. To CLEAR, V. A. to remove any filth, dirt, or other obftiuftion ; to free from ob- fcurity, perplexity, or difficulty; to juftity, or remove any charg-- of gu'lt, or acculatioii, bv manifefting innocence ; to cleani'e ; to briiiht- en ; to remove any thing which inrercepts the light. To ckar a Jhip, is to obtain leave for fjiiing, or felling the c«-go, by paying ihs cuftoms. CLE'AR ANCE, S. a certificate that a (h=p I has been cleared at the cufto.r.-iioufc, by pay- I iiij- the duties, \ CLE CLE'.^RER, S. the perfon or thing thit remo.ss any filth or obftrudion ; that whitlj communicates light to the mind, or temovea any difficulty or prejuaices which mayobfcure the judgment. " Gold is a wonderful cleartr of the underftandina." SpcBat, CLE'ARLY, Adv. fret from darknefs, ob- fcunty, ambiguity; plainly; without any undue influence or prejudice. '• Deal clearly atid impartially with yourfelves." Tillotfin. V/ithout deduaion or diminution, applied to gains; without evafion or referve. CLEA/RNESS, S. tra n fparency, which renders a thing eafy to be fecn through, ap- plied to glafs. Freedom from .^regs, or filth applied to liquors. Diflinftnefs, plainnefs) freedom from obfcurity, or ambiguity, appkel to ideas. CLEA'R-SIGHTED, Adj. [a compound word] able to dilcern and diftinguiOi things • judicious; feeing into the confequences of things. To CLEATl-STARCfJ, V. A. to ftarch in luch a manner, that linen may appear tranf- parent and clearer than in common wafhins To CLEAVE, V. A. [prt:er I da-ve, part. clcjerii cl,9iva^,S^x.k/<:e7j^r.,Bde. klao-.uer,. Teut. of kiae've] to ftick ; to adherre to ; to u- ate one's fclf to a perfon. To CLEAVE, V. A. [^rtttr 1 da-ce, cJo^oe or cLft, pjrt;c;p. chuen, or cleft-, irom c'.cafan ckcfen, chfan. Sax. M/, prefer, klaiif, m kh-ven, Eelg. kloffver, D.in.j to divide a thing with a chopper and wiilr violence; to divide- by a fwifc or rapid motion. " The fierce ea- gles dej-ve the liquid /ky." Prior. To divids or fsparate ; to part afcnder. OLEA'VER, S. a large flat inftrumen*- maae of metal, with a handle, and of a long fquare form, ufed by butchers to feparate the joints ot meat from their carcafes ; ene who chops any thing. In Botany, a weed, naniei likewife cltver. CLEF, S. [from chf Fr. a key] in Mufic, a m^rk placed at thu b«^inning ot the lines of a piece of mufic, which determines the name ot each line, according to the fcale; the tunc or key in which it is to begin, and all the unifons in a piece. CLEFT, participle BalTive, from CLEAVE, CLEFT, S. [uom cleave, kluff,TtMi.'\ a fpace made 'by the fcparaiion o. the parts of any body ; a crack. In Farriery, a diVcife in» borfes, which appears on the J,ough of the pafterns. To CLETT-GRAFT, V. A. in Gardea- ng, to engraft by cleaving the ftock of a tree, and inlcrimg a branch into it. CLEMENCY, S. [dementia, Lat. clemenci, Fr.] unwillirgnels to punilh, and tendcrnsfs in the infii^inf; punifnment. CLE/MEN'f. Adj. [f/rrf.-rr, Lat.] unwij- ling to pimifh, and tender in executi.'ig, or ia limitiog ouniff^ment, CLERGY, S. [detge, Fr. dvrs, fLat. C L I C L I >t>«jff, Gr. fekaed] a body of men rffidat- 1 CLIMA'CTFR, S. fxX<|Max1.jj, Cr.] a m ing in ine pulilic fervice of the church, and let apart for that purpofe. CLE^RGYMAN, S. a perfon dedicated by ordination, to the fervice of the church j a perfon in holy orders. CLE'R1C/:L, Adj. [clericus, Lat.] belong- ing to the cle'gy. CLERK, S, [f/t'rc, Fr. cleric, Sax. c'er'tcuSy Lat.j in Law, a tiiJe .'ppropiiated to ihe clt:r- fy. In ancient authorf, a fcholar, or man of letters; a writer in a public office, in com- niercc, a perfon employed in a merchan'.'s compiing-houfe to tr.mfadl; fuch bufinefs as is jieiformed by ihc pen ; and when an out-door clerk, to aUend at the cuftom houfe, wjter- fide, and 'Change. In the Church Service a layman, who has a fejt adjoining to ihe read- ing defic, pronounces therefpcnfes with an au- dible voice, gives out the finging ptalms, i£c. CLE'RKSHIP, S. the office or emplcy of a clerk. CLE'VER, AHj. dexterous, quick, or flcill- fiil in the performance of any thing ; well- pleafing, convenient, well. " 'Tvvould found more ciever." Pcpe. Well-made handfome, CLEVERLY, Adv. in a cextitous, ingeni- ous, fkilful, and proper manner. CLEV/ERNE3S, S. a proper, fkllfgl, and dexterous performance; a quality which ccn- *evs the i'Jea of fitnefs, ingenuity, and per- fection, and thereby excites falisi'adlioa in the mind. CLEW. S. [ci'yzve. Sax. k!:icc, Bslg. k'a- •ivcl, 'I cut. j any th:ng in a globular (orm ; a hiW of thread. Figuratively, any guide or (riirtftion, by means of wiiich a peifcn may fu' mount any difficulty, allu'.ing to a ball of thread, made ufs of by perfons to find iheir V.'ay back again from a labyrinth. The clew cfafuil, is the lower corner, re^-chiiig down To the earing, where the tackle and fneets are fail en ed. To CLEW, V. A. among failors, joined with the word /jiV, fi^nifies to raife tlum in order to be furled by means of a r»pe fjflened to the clew, and called a ch'uj girnet. To CLINK, V. N. [clicken, Iklg. cHqutier, Fr.J to make a fmall, fhsrp, and fucceffive noife, like that of th^ beats of a watch. CLFENT, S. \cHer.s, Lar.] in Law, one v'ho employs a 1 '.wyer tor advice, or defence- Among the Romans, one who was dependent on fome grent perfonagc, who undertook to tiefend him from oppi^ffion. " They are your friends and clients.''^ Johv.^on C^tal. CLIENTE'LE.S. {chcr.ttb, Lat.] the con- dition of a client. *' Under the pretext of tltentele." JoLnfcn. CLI'ENTbHlP, S. the cfficc or condition ■ of a client. CLIFF, S. [cl-ff, Sax. knj, Belg. c//Vw, Lat. J a fteep or craggy rock, ttenerally applied to one on the fea-cosft. In MuCc, ufed, im- properly, for Clef. tain period of life or portion of years, fuppofeiJ to terminate in fome great daniier. CLIMA'CTERIC, or CLIMACTERI- CAL, Adj. [from v.\ifxa.^, Gr. a Italc] con- taining a certain number of years, at the expi- ration of which, fomething dangerous is fup- pafed 10 happen to the body. The dimatetic year, js a critical year in a pejfon's life, where- in he is fuppofed to ftand in great danger of death. CLI'MATE, S. \-.:\:fxa, Gr.] in Geogra- phy, a fpace on the furface of the earth, con- tainrd between two parallel circlef, and n.ea-* furcd from the equator to the polar circles ; in each of which fpaces the longeft days are half all hour longer in thofe near the poles, th^.n ia thofe neareft the equator. From the pohr circles to the poles, the climates incresfe the fpace of a whole month. In a popular fenfe, any country differing from another, either in relpedl of the feafons, the quality o) the foil, or the manners cf its inhabitants, without a- ny regard to the length of the day. CLl'MAX, S. fxXi.ua^, Gr.] in Rhetoric, a figure, wherein the fenfe of a period afcend3 or inercsfes every fentence, till it concludes j as in the following: "Whether Paul or ApoUof, or Cephas, or the world, or life, or death, cr things prefent, or things to come, are all yours, and ye are Chrilt's, and Chvill is God's." 1 Ccy. iii. 22, 23. To CLIMB, V.N. [pretcr and participle paffive, cltmhed, fomcimes pronouriced clime, from climan, Sax. kLinmcr, Teut. kler.n.en, 5e!g.] to afccnd ; to afcend by their fpecif;c levity, &c, applied to vapours ; to mount cr go upwards. CLIM'BER, S. cne who mounts, sfcends, or fcale? any iiigh or fteep place; a plant fo calle.l, tiom its creeping up on other lupports. CLIME, S. [from xXiua, Gr.J the fame as cl'nwte ; generally ufed in poetry. To CLINCH, V. A. to hold a thing in the hand with the fingers and thumbs meeting over it; to Ihut the hand, fo as the fingers and thumb may reach jjver each o'hcr; to bend the point of a nail, vvhen driven thrwuih any thing: to confirm, eiTat.lilh, or pufh home, applied to an argument. CLINCH, S. a woid which has a double meaning ; a pun ; a word m«de ufe of to con- clude feveral lines in the different pirts of a poem, and to rhime to as many diflcrent words. " Kere one poor vvurd a thouland e'.'ncLu makes." Po/>f. In Navigation, that part of a cable which is fadcncd to the ring of an anchor. CLl'NCHER, S. a cramp or hold-f*fl-, made of a p;cce of iron bent, or making an angle at the top, and ufed to faften pianks. ' To CLING, Vfc A. [prefer, I clung, or ha-ve clung, part, clung, kiynger, Dan.j to ftick clofe to, or bang u^ion, by twilling round a I thing. CLI'NIC, C L O C L O CLPNIC, or CLINICAL, Adj. [from! t?elf.] a fniill mafs of moift earth; a!ump of xXiv!0, Gr.] thofe who keep iheir beds on ac- earth or clay. Figuratively, a turf; the count ot the violence of any difDrder. At prefent ufed, when applied to perfons, for a To CLINK, V. A. to flrike metals toge- ther To as to make them found. Neuter!/, to make a noiTe, applied to the found made by two pieces of metal ftruck together. CLINK, S. a noi'e made by the flrikioEiof two pieces of metal, whether iron or fteel, on each other. CLl'NQUANT, S. [Fr.] embroidery; fplendor of drefs} or tin''ei finery. To CLIP, V. A. [clippsn, Sax. to embrace] to embrace by foMing the arms clolely round ; to enfold in the arms; to hug; to cut with fheers, from klepper, Dan. or kh'pper, Dut. Figuratively, to diminilh, applied to coin. To cut iliort, not to pronounce fully, applied to language. CLI'PPER, S. one that debafes the coin, by cutting, filing, or otherwife diminishing its fize and weight. CLI'PPING, S. [See CLIP] that which is cut oft from a thing. CLl'VER, S. [more properly written /m- •ver] in Botany, an herb, whofe feeds ftick to the cloaths of fuch as touch it ; and ulcd in medicine. CLOAK, S. a loofe outer garment without fleeves, worn over the reft of a perro!'."'s cloaths, either to defend them from cold or rain. Fi- guratively a pretext or pretence, in order to conceal any defign. To CLOAK, V, A. to cover with a cloak. Figuratively, to conceal any dcfsgn by fome ipecious pretext or artifice. CLO'AK-BAG, S. a ijg in which deaths are carried ; a portmanteau. To CLOATH, V, A. fcW, Sax. k/'ecJer, Dan. J to furnifli or sover with cloaths ; to drefs. CLO'ATHING, S. drefs ; garments ; or that which a perfon wears to cover and defend his body from the weaihcr. CLOCK, S. {code, Brit, from co!ch, Brit. and Arm. a bell, cloche, Fr. clugga, Sax. kloke, Belg. and Dan. and glocke, Teut.] a kind of movement or laachinc, going by a pendulum, ferving to meafure time, and ftiew the hour by ftriking on a bell. Huygens was the firft perfon who brought the art of clock- making to any perteftion ; and the firit pen- dulum clock made in England, was in the year 1622, by Formantil, a Dutchman. IVhat's o'clock, is a phrafe importing what hour is it ? 'Tij nine o'clock, implies, it is the ninth hour. Applied to ftockings, clock fignifies the work with which che ankles are adorned. CLO'CK-WORK, S. any movements which go by means of fprings, wheels, and a pendulum, and in tlut rtfpeit rclemble the movements of a c'nrk. CLOD, [dud, S3.V a little hillock, kUtie, 4 ground; any thin^ vile, b.ife and Cirthlyj i. dull, grofs, Ihiaid perfon. To CLOD, V. N. [from the noun, */iPr«- ren, B^lg.] to unite into a mafr, on account Lit its moiiltire or vilcidity. To curdle, ufed ijiftead of clot. Adlively, to pelt with clods, CLOD'DV, Adj. confining of little heap« fmili malTes or clods of earth C1.0I>PATE, S.aftupid fellow; one wha I cannot eafily apprehend the meaning of ano- ther. Wtnct chd ^ated, an adj'sftive, imply- ing dull ot apprehenfion, or ftupid. To CLOG, V, A. to ioad with fomething that may hinder motion; to bu(thet\; to em- barrafs ; to be obftruiled by the ftickmg of fomething to a thing. CLOG, S. any weight or thing which iti« pedes or hinders the motion of a thing ; a rc- flraint ; an incumbrance, hindrance, obftruc- tion, or impediment; a compofitinn of lea- ther, co-.fifting of a foal and two ftraps. worn by women over their jTioes, to keep their feet clean, or warm. CLO'GGINKSS, S. the ftate of being hi.i- dereJ from molinn ; obflruttion. CLO'GGY, Acij. that which, by adhering to any inilrument, flops \ip the paifages, or otherwife hinders its motion. CLOPSTER. S. [chU, Brif. danJler^Six. cloture, Fr. cljujiro, Iial. clmiflrum, Lat.] a habitation furrounded with walls, and dwck in by monks or religious ; a monaftery for the religious of either fex. In a more re- (Irained fenle, the principal part of a regular monaffery, confiftlng of a fquare built on each of its fides. In ArcbiiLifture, a court which his buildings on each of its fours fides ; a pe- liftile or piazza. To CLOl'STER, V. A. to (Tiut up in a monL\n:;ry ; to confine in a rcl'gioiis houfe. CLOl'S'i'ERAL, Adj. fhut up in a moni- ftery or nunnery ; folitaiy; retired; reclnfe. Cl.Ol'STERED, Part, folitary; inhabiting a cloillcr ; confined in a monaftery, or religi- ous houfe. lo Architefture, built round, or furro'inded with a piazza, or periftile. CLOKE, S. See CLOAK. To CLOOM, V. A. to cover or flop up with cliv, mortar, or any glutinoui matter. To CLOSE, V. A. [f/o.t, Fr. duf-is, Lat.] to fhut ;<ny thing that is open ; to conclude, finiih, or peifcdl:; to confine; to join any thing biokei). To heal, applied to wounds ; to join twd itts together, after being fepa- rated. " the eafth do^od upon tbem." To join wiih a party. CLO.'->'.\, S. any thing (hut, without paf- fage ot outlet j a fmall field furrounded with a hedge or raili. Applied to time, the end of any particular perioii or portion. '" The dofs of night." Dryd. The end of a fentetice } a conclufion. '• CLOSE, AnJj, ufed with tli* verbs, f.>;/Ziar, C L O wfafleit, ftiut fo as nothing can come out, nor any air make its entrance. " A chje box." *^ A cloji room." Without vent or inlet; without motion; ftagnating; fultry, or not eafily breathed in, applied to the air. Having' very few pores, applied to metals. " That very clofe metals." Locke. Denfe; concife; Ihort ; without any redundances; or thick, applied to tlie manner ot expreflion. " Your thoughts lie fo c'lojt together." Applied to fituation, touching, or wi;hout any diftanc; between the things mentioned Applied to defigns, fecret, or without diftovery ; having the appearance of referve and fecrecy; with- out wandering. " To keep our thoughts chfe to their bufinefs." Loche, Home; to the point ; retired ; without going abroad. " He keeps very c/u/i." Under great reftraint. *• A cloj'e prifoner." Narrow, dark, cloudy, mifty, and fultrv, applied to the fcy, or wea- ther. Ut'f d adverbially, either by itfelf, or in eotnpofition, CLO'SE BODIED, Adj. that which comes tight rour.d the body, oppofed to that which hane;s loofe. CLOSE-HA'NDED, Adj. covetous ; illi- beral ; void of generofitv.' CLO'SE-LEAGUED, Adj. ranged near one another; in a thick impenetrable bo- dy; fecretly kagued, or privately confpiring Sgainfl-. CLO'.SELY, Adv. applied to ftiHtting any vcflTel, fee. without vent or paflage lor the in ternal oi* external air; very near; not deviat- ing from, applied to the tranflation of authors. *' I have tranflated chfely,^' CLO'SENESS, S. the ftate of having no paflage for the air; narrownefs : want of air; denfentfs; compa^tnefs ; redulenefs ; folitude; referve ; fecreiv ; avarice ; conneition. CLO'SER, .S. a finiiher; or concluder. CLO'SET, S. [f rum clofe] a fmall room for privacy and retirement; a (hallow place furnifhed with delves, and with a door, ferv- jr.g as a repofitory for curiofities, or family vtenfils. To CLO'SET, V. A. [from the noun] to fliut up or conceal in 3 cloi'et ; to take info a clofet, for the fake of privacy. CLOSH, S. a d/j>emper in the feet of cat- tle, called likewife thejlurcier. CLOSU'RE, S. the adt of Cutting or (top- ping up any aperture or clift; confinement; conciufion ; end. CLOT, S. [k!it, Belg.] a mzk formed by thickening of any fluid body. To CLOT. V. N, [ihiteren, Belg.] to grow into fmall mafl'es, applied to any fluid fubftaace. To gather into clodsj applied to inuLI or cUyey earth. CLOTH, S. [plural, cloths, or doiheil in a general fenfs, any thing woven, either from animal or vegtt-»ble fub!>ance», for garments ; the linen wherewith a tabic is covered at any meal; tbe car.vafs en wnich pi<li^urei afc C L O paiBfcdf the feveral coverings which ar» laid on a bed. CLO'THIER, S. one who carries on the xanu(a£iory of woollen cloth. CLOTHSHEAP.ER, S. one who (hear* the nap of woollen cloth, after it has been raifed bv the catders or teazers. CLO'T POLL, S. a word of contempt and reproach, imriiyine a ftupid perfon ; a block- head, or thick-fkuil. To CLO'TTER, V. A. See To CLOT. CLOTTY, Ac^j. fullof clots or lumps. CLOUD, S. [from chJ, according to Som- mer, or from clodde, Belg. a fpotj a collecti- on of condejjfed vapours lufpended in the at- mofphere. Clouds ^rs the moft confjderable of all the meteors, as furnifhing water and plenty to the earth ; mitigating the excefiive heats of the torrid zone, and fcreening it from the beams of the fun ; collefling the rays of light by the numerous refra<ftions they fuffer in their paflage through them, thereby prolong- ing the ftay of lighr, after the fun is defcended below the horizon, and anticipating its com- ing fome time before it has afcended above it j without their medium, the heavens would be one uniform fable fubftance, the rays of light would be fcattered abroad in the immenfe re- gions of fpace without reaching our eyes, and the ravifhing profpeft of nature would become a large blot ; they confift of very fmall drops of wster detached by external or internal hear, and elevated by eleftricity, and the laws of hydroftatics, above the furface of the earth, till they arrive at a colle'flion of vapours of the fame fpectnc gravity with themlelves, when meeting «ith cold, and by running into each Qther, they form malTes, or collection; heavier than that part of the atmofphere which they fwam in before, and fo fall down in rain. Figuratively, the vein?, or dufky marks in agates, or ftones ; any thing which obfcures; a ftjte of darknefs; a crowd, or great number. "A c'cud of witnefTes." yitte>h. To CLOUD, N. A. to darken; to make the countenance appear lovvrinp ; to render a truth -obfciire, or difficult to be underftood ; variegated, or diverfiiied wi.h dark veins, ap- plied to wood and ftones. Neuterly, to grow cloudv, dark, or over caft, applied to the Iky, or weaiher. CLOU'D-BERRY, S. in Botany, a fpe- cie". or the rohui or bramlle, CLOU'D-CAPT, Adj. covered, topped by, or touching the clouds. " The cUud-caff toviers," ^kak. CLQU'DILY, Adv. in a cloudy or darlf manner. CLOU'DINESS, S. a ftate whe.-ein clouds procure darknefs and obfcuiity ; want of brightnefs or lufture; foulnefs, applied to pre? cioiis f'one?, CLGU'DLESS, Adj. without clouds ; clear, applied to the weather. Without fpot? or foulnefs, applied to jewels, ' ' '^'^ ^ ■ ci^oy'DY, C L XJ ' CLO'UDY, Adj. [See CLOUD.] forme^l of clouds; dark, obfcure, or overcaft with clouds. Fitruratively, obfcure; dark j imper- ii€t ; fullers ; gloomy j dejcfted. CLOVE, the preter of CLE.'WE. CLOVE, S. {chit, Fr. clav$ di cfpecias, Ital. ckido dcg'rofano, Span J an aromatic fruit, brought from t.^e Eart indjsG, growing an a tree twenty feet high, whofe leaves refemble thofe of the iiav-tree, CLO^VE-GILLYFLOWER, S. [fo called from its rmclting like cloveej In Botany, the dinrth'iZ, or caryophilus. GLO'VEN, psriiciple from CLEAVE. CLO'VEN-FOOTED, or CLO'VEN- HOOFED, Adj. having the foot or hoof di- vided into two parts. CLO'VER, orCLO'VER-GRASS, S. in Botany, a fpacies of trefoil. To live in clo'ver^ is a phrafe for living luxurioufly, becaufe clo- ver is reckoned a delicious food for cattle. CLOUGH, S. [Sax-, pronounced chffj^ the clift of a hill ; a clift. CLOUT, S. [clut, Sax. clujle, Bdg. clod, Teut.J a fqoare piece oi doth made double, ferving, among other yfes, to keep infants clean from their evacuations ; a patch on a Hioe or garment. To CLOUT, V. A. to patch or mend in a coarfe and chimfy manner j to cover v/ith a thick cloth ^ to join aukwardly or dumfily together. CLO'UTED, Part, patched or mended ; joined in a clunify manner. CLO'UTERLy, Adj. clowniihly ; c'lnm- fily ; or performed in an aukward manner, CLOWN, S. a ruftic or country fellow; t>ne whole behaviour is lude, and manners are unpuli/hed. CLO*WNISH, Adj. in a manner agreeable to clowns; rude; aukward; ill-bred 3 and coarfe, like a clown. CLO'WNISHLY,Adv.inaclumfy, cjjarfe, rude, an ill-bred mjaner. CLOWNISHNiLSS, S. unpolifhed rude- nefs, ruftic fimplicity, or aukward addrefs ; broadnefs and coarfene.'s of expreflion. To CLOY, V. A. [encloucr, Fr.] to fill fo with tiod, as to le ivs no appetite for anv more; to Uirfeit aluioft to loathing. CLUB, S. [a'lvfipa, Brit. ,7//f/, Belg. hlb, Tcut.] a h;;avy and ftrong ftick, ufed as an offenfive weapon. In Gaming, the n rr.c of one of the fuits of cards, called in Frenc.i trff.j, from its refcmbling ihe trefoil le;f, or th.it of clover grals. The money-ptoponioi. or lum every nieini'er is obliged to pay at a drinking lociety ; nn alTen)l)y meeting at a public houfe to loend the evening, generally incorporated and regulated by orders eftabillll- cd nmo.-g themfelves } concurrence; joint ex- pend or contribution. To CLUB, V. A. to contribute one's pro- portion to a public expence ; to join and unite in one common defigri ; to c«rry on fomi com- e o A m on (jefign which requires the affiftailefe of many. CLU'BHEADED, Adj. having a roUnd 0? [hick head. CLUB-LAW, S. the compeirng the affent of a perfon by externa! force or violehce. To CLUCK, V. N. [chcciar., Brit, do- ch.it, Arm. cloclan. Sax. k'.cchcn, Belg. J to make a noife like a hen v\hen calling her chick- ens. CLUMP, S. \_kk!^.p; Murrpi, Teut.] i ihapelefs thick piece ot wood, nearly as broad as long. C LU'IVISILY, Adv. in an uncouth, auk- ward, gracelefs, and unplea(irig manner. , CLU'MSINESS, 3. want cf ingi-nuity, ficill, dexterity, or readinefsih performing any thing ; aukwardnefs. CLU/MSV, Adj. aukward, artlefj, un- hacdy, and without gr jce, in the performance of any thing , hejvy, thickj and coarfe^ with refpedt to weight and fli?pe. CLUNG, thepiecerand part, of CLING. To CLUNG, V. N. Idingan, Sax. to wafte away] to dry or wafte like wood, after ic is cut. CLUNG, Part, v/afted away, by a con- fumption, or other diforders ; fcrunk. CLU'STER, S. [c/ay?o-, ch;Jle^ S.ix. klyjltr, Belg.] a bunch, or feveral things of the lame fort, growing ciofe together, and on one coni- mon ftdlk. Figuratively, a number of infetis crouiiing together ; a body of, or feveral peo- ple coUtjfted together. To CLU^STER, V. N. to grow in bunches clofe together, a,^d one ftslk, applied to v6- ■getiblef. To g.uher tLfe iOi.cther in bo- dies, applied to bees. To colleifl into bunches, ^ CLU'STER-GRAPE, S. in Bouny, tha fmall black grape, gcn>;r;!lly the forwardcll of any. CLU'STERY, Adj. growing clofc together on one common ftalk. To CLUTCH, V. A. to hold in the hand with cherin;^^ersai)d thumbs cIof..'d to'^ethtr ; to gripe, or gr.ilp; to fhiit the luai clufe, foas to feiaie and hold a thing I'jfl-. CLUTCH, S. a gripe, grafp, or feisure with he haid fhut very f.ift: and clof-. Fi- gur<«t vety, in the pluril, cUttckss, ths paws or taloi:s of a bird Or wild l-eaft. PoiFeflion, in- cluding theiJcA of raf)aC'f;uinef<. CLUTTER, S. [Sic CLATTER] a noife mide I'y a nerfon's being in a hmry about feme triflinK a(K,.ir ; a huny or cLunour*. .i lofc" word. CLY'STER, S. [xXyrti, from yX^.t-^, Gr. to wifhj in Medi:inc, » dccoflion o! va- rious ingredients injedlcd into the a.Tus by means of a fyrinije, or pipe and bliddtr. To COA'CERVATE, V. A. {naarva- turn, fupine of coaar^o, L.;t J to heap toge- ther. COA'CER.VATION, S. [from coa:tr-vat<'\ the aft of bi*pin£, o: :he ftaic of ihi.-^g heap* ,ed together. Q^ CO.A.CH, C O A COACH, S. [cache, Tt. kotozy, Boh. ko- thy, Hung, cucby, Tur.] a carriage of plea fure and Itate, having both back and front feats, hung upon ftraps or fprings, running on four wheels, and diftinguilhed fiom a cbanot, becaul'e it has two feats fronting each other, and from a 'vis-aifh, btcaufe more than one perfon can fit oppofite to another. This car- jiage was originally intended for the country, and when firft introduced into cities, there were but two even at Paris, one of which belonged to the queen, and the other to Diana, natural daughter of Henry II. The firft cour tier who fet up this equipage, was John dc Laval de Bois Dauphin, who could not travel on horfetiack, on account ot his enormous bulk. We find even in England, that as law as queen Elizabeth's time, the nobility of both rexes attended her in proceflions on horfeback. To COACH, V. A, to carry or convey in a coach. COACH-BOX, S. the feat whereon the perfon fits to drive a coach. COACH-HIRE, S. the fare of a hackney coach, or rsoney paid for the ufe of a hired r.oach. CO AUCTION, S. the obliging to do, or to refrain from doing any aftion j force j com- pulfion. COA'CTIVE, Adj. having the force of /eOroiningfroni, or compelling to any aflion ; aclliiein concert with. c6aD|C'TANT, Part, [from con and aai--:uni, Lat.J helping, sfTifting, or taking j,wt with a perfon in anyaftion ; co-operating COADJU'TOR, S. [from cor, logaher, and adjutor, Lat.J one engaged in allifling an other ; an afliflani, aJVcciite, or partner in ;n" undertaking. In the Canon Law, one ap- pointed and empoVered to perform the duties ofanother. COAUJU'VANCY, S. [from cen, and pjj:nar.r., participle of adjwvo, Lar, to afliflj help ■■) conciirreme in any procefs or opera- tion ; a contributing lo effect any particular def)g.n. COADUNITION, S, [from an, ad, and «)irjo, Lat.J the uniting of feveral things or psrticles, fo as to form one common rr-afs. ToCOAGME'NT, V. A. [from coag- rrierto, Lat.J lojoin, eltie, or heap togetli^r, fo as to foim 01:1: m..fs. " Had the wc.-W i^een €oagmcnt(d from that fortuitous jumble." COAGMENTA'TION, S. Icagfvcr.tatio. Lat.J a joining, uniii.'.p, fluing, orotherwill- heaping fcvcral panicle.'; or fu: ftances io[;e- ihcr, fo as to form one comcron m^fs. Thf j(.iiing fev-ial fyllables or words together, lo as 10 form one word^ or fentence, applied \v fiyle, or griiain.ar. " Cementing and coag- wtr.lJt'ton of w<jids." jfohnkn. COA'GULAULE, Aoj. [from oo^jjh, Lat. to curdle] thit which piay ihiclicn, grow denfe, or concrete. C O A To COA'GULATE, V. A. IcBSgutet Lat.J to make a thing curdle, or turn into clots, applied to the turning of milk into curds by means of rennet. Neuterly, to cur-- die; to form concretions ; to congeal. ■ COA'GULATION, S. [coagulatio, Lat.] the a(5t of turning into curds. Concretion ; congelation ; or growing thick and tangible, applied to fluids ; the ftate of a thing congeal- ed, curdled or condenfed 5 the fubftance or body formed by congelation or concretion. CO'AGULATIVE, Adj. [from coagulate} that which has the power of caufing coagula- tions, concretions ; curdling, or depriving a body of its fluidity. COAGULATOR, S. that which caufes condenfations, or concretions. COAL, S. [col. Sax. kol, koht, Teut. kill, Belg. kul, Dan.] a folid, dry, opake, inflam- mable fubftance, found in large ftrata, fplit- ting generally in an horizontal dire£lion, of a black, glofTy hue, foft and friable> not fufible, but eafily inflammable, and leaving, wheit burnt, a great quantity of afhes, Ufcd fome- tjmes f«r charcoal. COAL-BLACK, Adj. of the colour of coal} the deepeft; black. TO COALE'SCE, V, N. to unite toge- ther. COALE'SCENCE, S- [coaUfeens, Lat.] the acfl of coalefcing or uniting of feveral par- ticles, whereby they adhere together, and form one body, or common mafs. COA'LIERY, S. a place where coals arc dug. Coal-mine K molt fiequcntly ufed. COALI'TION, S. [coalitum, fupine of coaleicu. Lat. to unite together] the uniting or joining ot different particles, fo as to compofe one common mafs. CO'AL-WORK, S. a coal-mine, or place where coals ate dug. COA'LLY, Adj. abounding In coal. COAPTATION, S. the fitting, or artful difpofition or arrangement of the parts of a thing, cr of the words of a tentence. COARSE, Adj. mixed with drofs, not re- fined, applied to me'ais. Rough, and con- fifting of large threads, applied to cloth or filk manufadtures. Rude, uncivil, indelicate, il'.-bred, applied to behaviour, or manners. Unpoliihed, and not elegant, applied to lan- i,U3ge. Mean, vile, rough, and of no value. COA'RSELY, Adv. [from cca-fe and Ij, of /;«, Sax.] in a rude, rough, inelegant man- ner, free from any graces, or appearance of pclitenefs. COA'RSENESS, S. want of purity; a- bounding in drofs ; want of elegance or deli- cacy ; cinwniflinefs, rudenefs, rufticity j a comoofit'on of mean and cheap m^teri.-ils. COAST, S. [«A Fr. cop, Ital. and I.ar.j a (hi,re or lan.^, which lies near, and is wallied by, the fc:a. Uf d ly Sir Ifaac New- ton, in the \<i':'St of the orlginii French and Latin, for a Cdc, or part. " Otherv.ils would iiot c o c fUt to be refrafted towards that coajf^ rather 4han any other coaft.''^ Tfn coaji is clear, a phrafe implying that any danger is over, and that there are no obftades in a perfon's way To COAST, V. N. in Navigation, to fail near a coaft, or keep within fight of land, CO'ASTER, S. one vyho mike? a voyage ffom port to port on the fame coaft, keeping at the fame time within fight of the /hore 3 cne who fails near the fhore. COAT, S. Icotu, Fr. cotta, Lit.] the outward garment of a man, made with plaits at the fides ; the lower part of a woman's drefs tied round the waift, and eovenng the legs. Figuratively, any covering or tegument. *' The eye has its coats." The hairs or fur of a bead. Iq Heraldry, the efcutcheon, field, or habit, on which a perfon's arms are pour- trayed. To GOAT, V. A. to cover er fpread over. To COAX, V, A. to endeavour to per- fuade a perfon by flattery, cr infinuating ad- jjrefs ; a low word. COA'XER, S. one who endeavours to per- jFuade a perfon by flattery, or artful and infinu- ating behaviour. To COBBLE, V. A. [hbler, Belg.] to piend any thing in a clumfy manner, generally applied to fhoes. To do or make any thing in a coarfe, unhandy, or aukward manner. CO'BBLER, S. ffrom the verbj a mender &f old /hoes. Figuratively, a very bad work- man J one who cannot perform any thing with elegance. COBl'RONS, S. [from cop, Sax. or kopff, Belg. an head, and ironj] irons with a knob at the upper end* ufed in fire-places where wood is burned. COB-SWAN, the head or leading fwan in a fwannary. CO'BWEB, S. [from hp, Belg. a fplder, and 'webj the web or net of a fpider. Figu- ratively, any fnare, or trap. Sometimes ufed for a rcftraint which may be eafily broken through. CO^CCI/PEROUS, Adj. [from xoxK'^ and jj?£fi), Gr.] in Rotany, a term applied to all plants having berries. COCHINE'AL, S, [cochinilla^Span.} an Jnfe£l found upon the opuntia, originally of a white or pellucid colour, but turning red by means of the food it eat?, and when dried af- fording a beautiful purple colour, made ufe of J>y dyers, CO'CHLEARY, Adj, [from cocL'ea, Lat. a fcrew] made in ihe form uf a frrew. CG'CIILEATED, Adj, [from ccr/Aa, J.at. ] tvvifledin fcrrnofa fcrew. Turbinated, applied to (hells. COCK, S. [cocr, Sax, keci, Re!g. cof, Fr.j the male of ihefpecies of domelVic fowl.-, famous tor its courage, pride, and gall ntry ; iiie maie of any birds 0/ fowls. I4''ir.il.cr cock an jnflrument turning round a pivci, ufed ti. C c ffiew the point from which the velnd blows •' an inftrumeut, turning with a fcrew, made op bell-metal, and ufed in drawing liquor? from, cafks ; the notch of an arrow ; that part ai the lock of a gun, which holds the flint j the; particular form in y/Jiich the brims of ^ hat 9re placed ; the ftyle or gnomon of a dial j the needle of a ballance. Cock a hoop, or (sck en the hoop, a phrafe implying triumphant exul- tation, or elation on account ef fome fu<;- cefs. To COCK, V, A. to erea, or fet upright, " Cacks his ears." Gay. To mould the fhape of a hat ; to wear the hat with an air of pe- tulance, and fmartnefs 5 to fix the cede of a gun ready for difcharging j to lay hay in fmall heaps. Neuterly, to ftrut, hold up the head, or look big on account of any little fuccefs, COCKA'DE, S, a ribband, tied in a bovr, or formed in ihe fbape of a rofe, worn in a man's hat, CPCKA'TRICE, S. [from cocl: and attey Sax. a ferpent] a ferpent fuppofed to beformedi from a cock's egg. figuratively, a perfon of an infidious, venomous, and treacherous difpo- fltlon. COCK-BOAT, S. a fmal} boat belongir^g to a fhip. CO'CK-CROWING, q, the time a^ which cocks ctQw. Figuratively, the morn- ing. To CO'CKER, V. A. [coquiliner, Fr.] to indulge too much ; to fondle, qr tre?t witl^ too much fondnefs, CO*'CKER, S. or,e wjio Ijeeps cqckg fpy fighting. CQ'CKEREL, S. a young pocU. Cd'CKET, S. a feal belonging to the puf- tom-houfe 5 an inftrurnent drawn on parch- ment, figned, fealed and delivered to mfr- chants, as a certificate that they have paid tl;9 cuHoms for their goods. CO'CK-HORSE, Adv. triumphant 5 fr- uiting; a kind of low word. CO'CKLE, S. [coquiUe, Fr.] a fsnall lhel| fifh. To COCKLE, V. N. tocontraaanyftaff into wrinkles by wet, or rain, CO'CKLED, part, flje'jlcd j wfin|tled by wet, CO'CKLOFT, S, a room over a g^rtet, fo called from its fmalln^fs. CO'CK-NEY, S, {paii de cccc'igne, in Bol- leau, is a country of diinties ; fimiiar to thl» is *'■ a lorJ yhcte cccayiiig" Sjx. On whiclj Dr, Iiici<- remarks, that the laft word im- pfeJ a ptrfon given to luxury, voluptuoufnefsj and cd'enunjte plcafures, and Ifum lience wia i^ivcn, as a terna of rpproai.h, to ihofc that ive in cities, being at firft \A/rote cacali'ne, and oy time cortupted into ccchry] a peilci to.'U n London j a word of coiiccrnpt. I'igura- rively, any elVi-minirc, luxurioo'-, ignorant„ )r ii)cxpe>ienred perfon dwelling in » ?ity. CO'CK-PIT, S. a phce wnctein cocks ge- ■ ■' a a ' nrraiy C O E iserally (iglit. In a &ip, a place on the lower deck of a man of war, in which are divifioiis for the purfer, the furg,eon, and his mates. CO'CK's-COMB, S. a phnt, the fame as Icr.cf-zvort. See COXCOMB. CO'CK's-HEAD, S. in Botany, a plant called ]\ktvii(e fiimfoin, and eftecmtd one ot the bell furts ot fodder for cattle. CO'CK-SHUT, S. the clofc of the even- ins, at which time poultry go to rooi't. CO'CK-SPUR, S. in Botany, the Virgi- Ijian hawthorn. CO'CKSURE, Ad], confident; certain. CO'CKSWAIN, S." [coigfivaine, Sax. from cogg, a boatj and Jicain] an offictr on boarc! men ot war, who has the command of the boat. CO'CKWEED, S, in Botany, the Jitian- der, or pepper- wort. COCOA, S. See CHOCOLATE NITT. CO'CTILE. Adj. [coai!h,hiX.} made by liking. CC"'CTION, S. [Lat.] a borling. In Sur- gery, a digeftion of matter. " Taken off by a coElion and refolution of the feverifii mat- ttr." Aibut. COD, orCO'DflSH, S. a fea-fi(h,caughf ' en the banks of Newfoundland, and many ether par;s. COD, S. [codde, Sax.] in Bot,iny, any caf«, or hufk, in wiiich feeds sie lodged. To COD, V. N. to inclofe in a hulk, cafe, or cod. CODE. S. [from cohx, Lat.] a book ; a book of civil laws, appropriated by way o( eminence, to the colledlion made by Jufti- nian. CO'DICIL.S. [a diminutive of for/fv, l.at.l a wtitinj; mide by way of fupplement to a v<i]l, in order to fuppiy fojiethii.g omitted, or alter and ex^>lain fomeihing contained in the 'eftament. COD'ILLE, S. [Fr. codUh, Span,] in framing, a term at ombrf, implying that the game is won againft the player j this is termed hnjled in quadrille. To CO OLE, V. A. [of coaulo, a dimi- nutive of cojuo, Lat.] to parboil j to foften by I he lieat of wate:. CO'DLING, S. an early kind of apple, fo called fiom its being generally boiled tor eati.ip. COETFIC \CY, S. [ftom con and efi.a- eio, Lar.j the uniipd power of feverjl things attipg ■Q{H\.e.x to prn4uce an effect. COEFFi'CrtNCY, S. [from con and eji cicns, paft. of e£iao, Lat. J the afling toge- ther, fir join! ail of fevtral things to pioduce any eflcCl COEFri'C'ENT, Part, [an and effciem, Lai.] that which a£ls Jointly with aiiotiier. Oi'ffic'unts, in A!g'.;bra, numbers or uneven qujntities prefixed to letters, in which they ate fuppoffjd to be muhiplicd. In Fluxions, applied to any geneiating term, it isthe^uan- 4- C O E ttty ari/ing Trom the divifion of that term \if the generated quantity. COE'LIAC, Adj. [from xo»X«t, Gr. the bcllyj in Medicine, joined lo faj/ion, a diar- hcEa, loofenefs, or fiux, wherein the aliment comes away cither indigefted, or turned to chyle, inftead of decrements. COE'LIAC-ARTERY, S. in Anatomy, the firi^ artery detached from the defcending trunk of the aorta into the abdomen, COE'QUAL, Adj. [from con and Cfualis, Lat. J being in the fame ftatc, condition, and circumftances as another. COEQLTAL'ITY, S. the ftateof two per- funs or things which are equil to each other. To COE'RCE, V. A. [evened, Lat.j to redrain by force, or punifhments, from the committing any crime, or performing any aftion. COE'RCIBLE, Adj. that which may, or ought to be reftrained. COE'RTiON, S. [from coerceo, or coercio, Lat.] a check, or rcftraint. A refi raining from the violation of any law, by means of puniftiment, COE'RCIVE, Adj. that which has th« power of reftraining ; that which has theau- thoiitv of reftraining by means of puniftiment. COESSE'NTIAL, Adj. [from «« and ef- [ent'ia, Lat.J partaking of the fame efTence. COESSENTIA'LITY, S. the quality of partikinz of the fame efTence with another. COETA'NEOUS, Adj. [from «« and ^Mx, age] of the fame age with another. COETERNAL, Adj. [from m« and .e/^r- rri-y Lat.J exifting eternally with another j equally eternal with another. COETER'NALLY, Adv. m a manner equally eternal with another. C0£ TE'RNl TY, [from con and aterni- tas, Lat.] having an eternity of exiftence together with, or equal to, the eternity of another. COE'VAL, A>!J. [coa-vus, Lat.] born or produced at the fame time j of the fame age -s another. COE'VOUS, Adj. (coa-vus, Lat.] of the fame age ; living at the fame time. To COEXl'ST, V. N . [from ccn and ex. :flo, Lat.] to exift, or be at the fame time, or ill the tame place. COEXI'STENCE, S. [from coexi/i] the having exigence ac the fame time or place with ..nother. COEXISTENT, Adj. having exiflence at ;he fame time with another. " Coexijien! vi'nh the motions." Locke. ToCOEXTE-'ND, V. A. [from con and extetido, Lat.J to extend to the fame fpace, pe- riod, or duration with another, followed by wiib, before the objett with which the co- extcnfion is formed. COEXTE'NSION, S. the. aft or ftate of extending to the fame fpace or duration with <inother. CO'JFFEE, COG CO'FFEE, S. [cabucb, Turk, cahuab, Arab, caffc, Fr.] the berry of a tree, former- ly peculiar to the kingdom of Yaman, in Ara- bia, but now propagated in moft of our colo- nies, in Jamaica efpecially, where it is little- inferior to the bed Turky. It grows on a tree forty feet high, which in Arabia is always co- vered with flowers and fruit. Irs leaves rc- fcmble the common laurel. The I'quor or decoction made from the berry roaftcd, was introduced into England fitft by Mr. Daniel Edwards, a Turky merchant, in the year 1652, bringing with him one Pafquer, a Grf.ek fervant, to make cofiee for him ; who was the firft perfon that ever fet up a cofi'ee- houfe. CO'FFEE-HbUSE, S. a place where cof- fee is fold, perfons generally meet, if ne.ir 'Change, tranfaft bufi/iefs, and the news- papers are taken in for the accomodation of cuftomers, CO'FFEE-MAN, S. one who keeps a cof- fee-houfe. COTFER, S. [coffre, Sax.] a c'left for keeping money. Figuratively, treafurc. In Fortification, a ho'low lodgment acrofs a dry moat, the upper part of which is raifcd with pieces of timber above the moat'c level, is co vered with hurdles laden with earth, and fervas as a parapet with embrazures. It is ge- nerally ufed by the befieged to repiilfe the ene- rny, when rhey endeavour to pafs the ditch. To CO'FFER, V. A. to put into cherts or coffers, followed by up. " Might coffir «/>," Jiotve. COTFERER cf the king's houfio/J, S. a principal officer at court, in the connting- houfe, or elfewhete, next -to the ccnjptroUer, who infpefts over the behaviour and condufl of the other officers of the houiliold, and pays them their refpeftive falaries. COFFIN, S. [cofn, Fr. cofcino, Ital. cofa, Sax. kofe, Ifl. a little houfej the receptacle wherein a dead body is placed for its inter- Xnent. In Paftty, a mould of parte for a pye. A paper cafe, in form of a cone or pyramid ; a round piece of paper with the edges b^entup perpendicularly, ufed by the apothccaiies to drop their bolulFes in, to keep the outward part clean. To CO'FFIN, V. A. to place, or inclof In a coffin. To COG, V. A. to perfuade, wheedle, or gain a perfon over by flattery, nr an infinuat- ingaddrefs. " I'll ro^ their hearts from ihcrn." Shak. ^ To falfjfy, or corrupt a manufcript, by inferting fome word or fcnlence ; to obtrude falfhoods, or endeavour to make them pafi current. _ To cog a die, ii to fecure it io, as to d:re«-,it in its fall. To lye ; to wheedle. COG, S. the tooth of a wheel by which it a£Vs upon another wheel. To COG, V. A. to i\\ coge in a wheel. CO'GENCy, S. [cogens, Lat, from cego, Lat. vo force] the power of compelling j the C O H power of extorting afl'ent, or obedience; CO'GENT, Part, [cogens, Lat.j able to compel to aftion 5 powerful ; refirtleis. CO^GENTLV, Adv. in a forciSile manner. Extorting conviaion and affent, applied to ar- guments. CO'GGER, S. a fiuterer ; a wheedler. CO'GITABLE, Adj. [cogiubilis, Laf.] that which may be thought on, or may be the lubj^a Of thought, COGITA'TJON,S. [cogitatic-L^i.] the beholding an idea in the mind ; the ad of thinking. Figuratively, thought, purpofe, in- tention, or delign ; meditation. CO'GITATIVE, Adj. [cogitatus, Lat,] havingthe power of thouglitj given to thought, rtudy, or rcflfdlion. CO'GLE STONE, S. [cuogoU, Ital,] a fmall pebble 5 a little ftone. COGNA'TION, S. [cogna<io, Lat] in Civil Law, the relation between both males and females defcending from the fame ftock j relation ; a partaking of the fame nature. COGNISE'E. S. in Law, the perfon to whom a fine in lands or tenements is acknow- ledged. CO'GNISOR, S. in Law, one that paffcj or acknowledges a fine in lands or tcne.-nenti 10 another. COGNITIVE, Adj. that which has the power of knowing or aporehending COGNIZABLE, Adj. [crgnijabk, Fr.] proper fur the confideratfon or inTpettion of a perfon fubjed: to judicial examination and notice. CO'GNIZANCE, S. [conn-'iJJ-ance, Fr.] In Law, an acknowledgement of a fine, or con- feflion of fonnething done; (he he^rinj of a matter judicially ; the particulat juriidiitum of n magil'rate, or annbjeft which more particu- larly falls under his infpeftion or notice ; a badge by which any perfon may be known or diftinBir!ni(-.d, COGNOS'CIBLE, A-^j. [cogrofciy, Lat.] that may bt known ; poflible to" be known ; being ilie o'ljeft of knowled;::";. ToCOH.VBlT, V.N. [from «n. together, and hal-it", to dwell] to dwell in the fame place with another i to live together as man and wife. COHA'BITANT, S. [con and /w^f.'.^-i] ine who dwells in the /ame place with an- other. COri.ACITA/TION, S. [cheaa of dwell- ing with another in tile fame place ; the living tjgtther as man and wife. CO'HEiR, S. [from cobce-cs, L.it.] a man who eiijoys an inheritance together with an- < other, CO'HEIRESS, S. a female who enjoys an inheritance with another. To COHli'RE, V. N. [from cobarc-,, La', to ftick logelher ; toehold tall to one another, as parts of the lame body. To be well con- nedled j to <.e.Jcnd on wh.«t has prcccoi"^, <i^3 and C 01 Stj^ connect with what follows, applied to titerarj compofitions. To luit, fit, or be fit- Ita to ; to agree. COHE'RENCE, or CDKE'RENC'/, t. ^vohtrer.tia, Lat'.] in Phyfics, the Rate of bo- dies in which their parts are joined together fo as to refift (iivulCon, or feperation ; relation ; dependency J confiftency, fo as one part of a difcourfe does not contradift another. CDHE''RENT, Part, fcoha-rem, Lat.] ilicking together fo as to refift a feparation ) fuitable ; adapted to one another 5 confiftent, or not contradiftory. COHE'SlbN, S. [from cohere] the aSion whereby the atoms or primary corpufcles of todies arfe conne£led together, fo as to form particles^ and the particles are kept together, fo as to foim fenfible maffes. Figuratively, eohefion fignifies the ftatc of union or infepa- rability both of the particles of matter and bther things ; connexion. COHE'SIVE, Adj. that has the power of flicking faft, fo as to refift feparation. COHE'SIVENESS, S. the quality of unit- ing, fo as to refift any attempt tofeparatc them, applied to the particles of matter. To CO'HOBATE, V, A. to pour any dtf- tilled liquor upon its refiduum, or remaining matter, and diftil it sgain. COHOBA'TION, S. the returning any litiuor diftUied uJ)on that which remains, after the dif illation, and the diftillijig it again. CO'HORT, S. [cehi)rihi%tn\n\t oi cotors. Lat.] a troop of foldiers, in the Roman ar- inieP, tontainit^g about 500 foot. In Poetty, iiftd for any company of loldiers or warriors. COIF, S. [cofffe, tt. cii£ia, Span, cofa, Ital. ouehf, Arab, the head, qutfa, Araii, a head-drelj] a head-drefs 5 a lady's cap j n fer- jeant at law's cap. COl'FFEDj A«j wearing a cap. COI'FURE, S. [from cc>ffurt\ Fr.] head- 8refs. " I am highly pleafed with your cot' Jure." Sfeff. No. 98 COIGNE, S. [Fr.] a corner, a wooden vedge nfed by printers, TO COIL, V. A. [cueUe'n, Fr. co^^Uare, Ital J to reduce into a narrow compafs. To coil a rcff; is to wind it in a ring. cdlL, S. \h:iercr., Teut,] a tumult, noJfe, confufion, or buftle, occafiontd by fomc quar- rel ; 3 rope wound into a ring. COIN, S. {coi^^ne, Fr.] a corner; .nny thing ftanoing v/ith a corner outwards ; a brick cut diagonally, pronounced jueiM, ox quine. COIN, S. {crin, Fr. corid, Ital.j money, or me;al ftumped with a lawful impieflion ; ■ hsymert o''sny kind ; ccmpenlation. TO COiN, V. A. to mint, or flamp me- tals fcr money : to make or forge any thing, \i\vA in an ill fenfci CO'iNACE, S. the ftamping metals ; or irak'r-g money. Thlswjs fo:m;rly perform"d Vy 2 hammer, but at present by a mill ; the Itrn.cr was the only meihcd known till t!ie|eafily put in motion by heat Cot year 1553, The Engiifh coinage, by aadlng the letters on the edges, contributed not a little to its perfeftion. Figuratively, this word if ufed for coin or money ; the charges or cx- pence of coining. Forgery, or invention, ufed in a bad fenf". To COINCI'DE, V. N. {colrddo, Lat.] to fall upon, or meet in the fame point 5 to be confiftent with ; to concur. CO'INCIDENCE, S. the ftate of feveral bodies or lints falling upon the fame point; concurrence ; confiftency or uniting to efFeft the fame end, or eftabli/h the fame point. CO'INCIDENT, Adj. [c.-mcidem, Lat.J falling upon the fame point, applied to bodieSj or lines. Concurring ; confifting; agreeing ^ mutually tending to the fupport of any particu- lar point. COlNDICATION, S. [from «n and /hA- c», Lat.] the concurrence of many fyinptoms, befpeaking or betokening the fame caufe. COI'NER, S. one thst makes money. Figuratively, a maker of counterfeit money j an inventor. TO COJOIN, V. N. [ccrjunio, Lat.] td join with another in the fame office. CO'ISTRIL, .S. a coward, or run -away cock. COIT, S. [kcte, Belg. a die] a thing thrown at a mark. See tiJ/OlT. COI'TION, S. [from ccitic, Lat.] the afl: of propagating the fpecies ; the aft by which two bodies ccme together. • COKE, S. [perhaps from ccquo, Lat. to bake] fewel made by burning pit-coal under the ground, and quenching the cinders; as irt making charcoal. It is frequently ufed in dry- ing malt. COL.4'NDER, S. [pronounced cuVertder^ fiom colandus, part, of cbIo, Lat. to ftrain] i fieve, either of hair, twigs, oi" metal, through which any mixture is ftrained, and leaves the grqffer parts behind it. COLA'TION, S. [from ctlatim, fupine of (olo, Lat.] the atl of filtering, flraining, o^ feparating any fluid from its dregs or impuri- ties. CO'LATURE, S. [cofatus, Lzt] the aft of fepara:ing the dregs of any fluid by flrain- ing it through a fieve, or filtrating it through paper ; the matter ftrained or filtrated. CO'LBERTINE, S. a kind of a fine lace worn by women. COLCOTHAR, S. in Chemiftry, the dry fubflance remaining after difiillalion, but gene-ally applied to the caput mortuum of vitrii>l. COLD, Adj. [cole, Sax. «//, Belg. iub!, Teut. J without warmth, or v/arming ; hav- ing a lenfjtioti cf cold, or ihivering, becaufe the particles of air are lefs in motion thari thofe of our body, or being mixed with ni- trous p.irncles, diminifh the motion of thofS. of t!ie body ; that which is not volatile, or Figuratively, UhafrsdEd \ cot enaf^ifted ; not eifily excited Id afllon ; indifferent ; not able to move the paffion j lefcrved, or void of the warmth of friend- Ihip and afleftion j chafle, temperate, not eafily provoked to anger ; not meeting with a warm or affeftionate reception ; deliberate j Calm. COLD, S. fomething void of heat or mo- tion, and which contains in it no particles of fire ; that which produces the fenfation of cold ; a difeale caufed by flopping perfpiration, and other efFe£ts of cold weather, CO'LDLY, Adv. without warmth or heat ; with great indifference or unconcern. CO'LDNESS, S. oppofite to heat; that quality which caufes a fenfation of cold, and deprives a perfon of his natural warmth and heat ; want of kindnefs, love, efteem, or afFeftion ; coynefs, chaftity, or freedom from any immodeftdefires. COLE, S. [caivl, Sax.] a general name for ail forts of cabbage, CO'LESEED, S. in Botany, the rape, from ■whence rape-feed oil is drawn, cultivated for feeding cattle. CO'LEWORT, S. in Botany, afpeclesof the cabbage. CO'LIC, S. [colicus, Lat.] in Medicine, a fevere pain in the lower venter, and fo cail^d becaufe it was formerly rhoughi to be feated in the colon, A bilitus colic, proceeds from bilious, fharp, and ftimulating humours. A Jiatulent cdk, is a pain in the bowels, owing to dry fceces contained in the iriteftines. A rervous colic, is from convulfive fpafms, or contortions of the guts, whereby their capa- cities are firai'encd. An hyjieric colic, arifcs from difordets peculiar to women, and from a confent of pjrts. Th? Jione colic, pToceeds, by confent of parts, from the irritation of the ftone or gravel in the bladder or kidneys. CO'LIC, Ad}, aficding the bowels. To COLLA'PSE, V. N. [collapfum, fu- plne of coilabor, Lat.] to fall together ; to clofe together fo as one fide fhall touch ano- ther. Ufed moftly by medical svrirers, COLLA'FSION, S. the ftate of veflels clofing of themfelvcs j the a£t of clofing to- gether. CO'LLAR, S. [oUollum, Lat. the neck] an ornament of meial worn by knights of fe- veral military orders, hanging over the flioul- ders on ihe mantle, and generally confifting of a gold tlialn, enamelled with cyphers and other devices, ;ind having the badge of the order fufpended at the bottom. That of the order of the garter confilh of SS, with roles ena- melled red, within a garter enamelled blue, and a George at the bottom. Ccliar, is likcwife th.1t part of the hariiel's, which is round a horfe's neck ; the part of the drcfs which furrounds the neck j To jlrp the collar, is a phrale for getting free, efcsping, or extricat- ing one's (elf from any difficult engagement. A lollur of brawn, is a 4uantitj- of brawii COL rolled snl bound up in a roundifh parcel. To COL'LAR, V. A. to fei/.e by the coi- Ur. Joined with br.itvr., to roll it up and bind it tight with a ftring, in order to make it retdin a round form. COLLAR-BONE, S. the clavicle, one of the bones which are on each fuie nf the neck. To COLLA'TE, V. A. Itollatum, fupioe of confiro, Lat.] fo compare one thing with another of the fame kind. Applied to books, to compare and examine them, in order to find whether any thing be deficient, corrupted, or interpolated. Ufed with to, to place in an ecclefiaftical benefice. COLLATERAL, Adj. [from con and la- tei-hy genitive of lutui, Lat. a fidcj fide to fide ; running parellel j mutual or fuch as becomes near relations, applied to affedlion. In Geo- graphy, fituated by the fide of another. Not direft, oblique, concurrent, applied to proof?. In Cofmography, intermediate, or lying be- tween the cardinal points. In Gjneatogy, ap- plied to relations of the fame ftockj but not in the fame lineof afcendants and defcendants ; fuch are uncles, aunts, nephews, coufms. Collateral defcent, in Law, is that which pafl'es to brothers children. Collateral affurance, is a bond nriade over and above the deed itCelt for the peiforrriance of a covenant. Collateral fe- cur'tty, is a deed mads of other lands, bcfides thofe granted by thedeed of mortgage, on their not being a fufficient fecurity. COLLA'TERALLY, Adj. fide by fide applied to pofition of fituation. In an indi- redt manner, without defign, applied to argu- ment. Not in the fame line of defcendiints, though from the fame ftock, applied to genea- logy. COLLA'TION, S. [coUatio, Lat.] the ad of beftowing or conferring, applied to fifts or favours J the comparinj one copy or thing of the fame kind with another, in Canon Law, the be^-owing of a benefit by a bifhop, who has right of patronage j an elegant public en- tertainment or feaft. COLLA'TOR, S. [from colatc] one wh-j examines copies or manufcripts, by comparing them with fome other writing. In Law, oj;e who prefcnts to an ecclefiaflical living or bene- fice, generally applied to the prefcntaticT. of a birtiop. CO'LLEAGUE, S, [«%^. Lat.J a part- ner or ail'ociate in the fame of^ce. To COLLEA'GUE, V. N. to unite or join with. To COLLE'CT, V. A, [colUaum, fupinc of college, Lat.] to gather together; to bring (everal things together, or into the fame place ; to add int.! a fum; tu infer, diaw, or de.iuce from arguments. Followed by the reciprocal pronouns hhnfelf, Sec. to recover from a fur- prize ; to reafiemble one's fcattered ideas. CO'LLECT, S. [_colle(lum, fupine of colle- .o-j, Lat.J a fhort comptehenfive prayer, ufed in the church fervlce. 0^4 COLLECTA'NEOUS, COL COLLECT A'NEOUS, A6j. {colknancus,' Lat.J gathered together, collefled. CoUeSlii- rca, ^re note? or remarks gathered Of com- p'.Jed from various books, ^ COLLE'CTIBLE, A-^j. that which m^y be gathered, or itedured from any premifc!. COLf^E'CTlON, S, [colkclio, Lat] the ^£t of gathering fcveral pieces together ; an S^rembl^cie of things in the fame place. COLLECTL'TibuS. Adj. [coUecTtiius, Lat.l jiathered up. Wants au'hority. COLLE'CTIVE, Adj. [cdkai'vus, Lat. cd/c^if, Fr.] gatliered togetlier, conliftingo* feveral members or part?, forming a whole, or or.e common maff. In Louie, a co'.leFth'e idea, "y thn-.vhich unites feveral things of the fame k nd. In Grammar, a colhcii've noun, is a n;un (i\hi.h expreiTcS a multitude, or feveral of the fame fort, though ufed in the fingular number ; as a ccmfa»y ; an army ; zjlici. Em- ployed in deducing confcquencesj argumenta- tive. • COLLEfCTIVELY, Adv. in a body, taken tcge'.her, opp&fed to fingly or feparately. In genfral ; or generally ; in one mafs oi heap. COi.LE'CTCR, S. [Lat.] one who ga f.\tx'- fcatfered things together. COL'LEpE, S. [Fr. coflegium] a collec- tion or body of animals, " Thick as the cc^ipge of the bees." Dryd. This ir a:, unufual fenfe. A fociety of men dedicating themfelves to the fludy of divinity and Icsrning ; a pub- 1 c phce endowed with certain revenues, vhere the feveral branyhf of learning, both divine and human, are tai-gl.t ; a coiledlion of foUfgts form an un;veifity. COLLE'GIAL, Adj. \'tr,m cclkgel relat- jn;' to a college, or pofieOed by a coiltge. COLLE'GIAN S. an inhabitant or mem- ber of a ccUege. COLLE'GL'\TE, A . confining of col- lep.f s j inftituted or reguhled after the manner of a college. Colugiate church, i', ih..t which is enoowed for a fociety or body corporate, conf (ling of a dean and fccular priefls, with- out a blfhop ; of this kind arc Weflminfter- Abbev, V>^indfcr, ^c. , ■ CQLLErGI.\TE, S. a member of a college, pr one bred at an univerfity. CO^LLET, S. [from coUum, Lat.] former- ly any ih:ng that was worn about 'he neck. Fi^ura'.ive'y, the neck. Among Jewellers, that part of a ring in which the (Tone is fet. ' ToCOLLl'DE, V, A. \crAl\do, Lot.j to ^rtke, b -at. or daflj tw.o things together, or 5ga:nl: each other. COL'LiER, S. one who dips for coals in a in;ne ; one who lells or deals in co-t's ; a y^fiel ri.jd? nfc of 'o convey coals bv wattr. CO'LLiFi.OWER.SeeCAULlFLOVVER. COI.LIGA'TIOK, S. \cMg^t:o, Lit.J tlie LMi,.:ine things ciofe, or together. " The ccllif't'i'-K of vtliV-ls." Bnivr,, COLLr/QlTAMENT, S. the fi^bilance any thing is leoucta to by dilToliition, or COL fufion, u I. by being diffolved, or melteJ. CO'LLIQUANT, Part, [cclhqujm, Lat.] that which has the power of dilfolving, melt- ing, or wafting. CO'LLIQUATABLE, Adj. [See COLLI- QUA TEj eafily difTolved, or melted. To CO'LLIQtJATE, V. A. [«%«», Lat.] to rnelt, dilTolve, or tutp a folid into a f^uid by hear, &c. COLLIQU'ATJON, S, [from eoW^u^u'] the melting of any thing by heat. In Medi.< cine, a diforder wherein th.e blood and other animal fiujds flow through the fecretory glands. C-Jliquaiiott is .-ipplied to the blood, when it lofes its balfapnic texture ; and to the folids, when thfy v.-afte away. CQL'LIQUATIVE, Adj. [from coUiquatel melting or diffoivent. A colliquative fe-ver, is that which is attended wi;h a diarrhcEa, or profufe fweatj, from too lax a contexture of the fluids. COLLIQUEFA'CTION, S. [from colli., queo, to melt, apd faflum, of faciOy Lat. to makcj 'he reducing d:fl"erent metals to one mafs, by melting tj^em on a fire. COLLKSION, S. \c(<lbfio. Lit.] the aft of ftiiking two bodies together. COLLOCA'TION, S. {cdlocatio, Lat.] the a£t of placing j difpofitipn j tjie ftate of being placed. To COLLO'GUE, V. A. to wheedle, flatter, impofe upon, or feduce by fair word«» A low word. CO'LLOP, S. a thin flice of meat, or fteak j a piire or flice of any animal. CO LLOQU Y, S. \c}ikquiim, Lat.] acon-r fercnc'-, or converfation ; adifcourfein writ- ing, wherein two or more perfons are repre- fented as fpeaking or talking together on a.'.y topic. CO'LLOW, S. [fuppofed by Johnf*n ra- ther to be colly, fiom coal] the black grime of burnt coals or wood. COLLUCTA'T.iON, S. \calhElM\o, Lat.] the mutual ftruggle or commotion of the par- ticles of any fluid l-etwcen themfelves j oppo- fition J ferm;;ntation. Figuratively, conteft | fpiipj mutual opoofition. To COLLU'DE, V. N. \cclhdo, Lat.] to jo'n in a fraud 5 to confpire in impofing on a pcrfnn. COLLUSTON,»S. [collujio, Lat.] in Law, a dfCiitiul contrsct or agreement betvrcen two or more p.-rfons, for the o.ne to bring an aftion againft the other, in order to defraud a third perf ^n of his right. COLLU'blvE, Adj. fraudulently concert- ed or agreed upon between two perfons, in Older to cheat a third. CpLLU'SlVFLY, Adv. concerted or con- trived in a fraudulent manner, or with a ftau*. diileot def'pn. COLLU'SOHY, Adj. carrying on a fraud by fecret cncert. COLLY'illu:.!, S. [La;.] in Medicine, COL «n external remedy for diforders in the eyes, CO'LONf, S. [from Xi-Xuv, Gr. atrember, becaufe ic feems to bear the fame refembUnce to a period as a member docs to a bodyj in Grammar, a point or ftop marked thus (:) ul'ed to make a paufe greater than th.)t of the femicolon, and left than that of a period ; and whenfti.ps were firft invented, to fepjratc any member ol a fenteiue : but at piefent ii IS ufed in a period where the fenfe feems com- plete, but is lengthened! by fome fupernume- rary fenteiice, beginning with an adverfative conjunction, as i>ui, ne'vertheh'fs, &c. like- wife, in a very long period, to give eale ann refpite to the breath, and where the conjunift irembers of a fentence are capable of being divided inio olheis, and a paafe may be made betweea them while a perfin may count three, without confufion, or interrupting the (ciiit^. , of the reft of the period. In Anatomy, the greateft ar)d wideft of all the inteftines. CO'LONEL, S. [Fr. pronounced -^u/w/; (olonellg, Ital. derived by Skinner from co Unialis, Lat, the leader of a colony ; aiid by MinfliCW from columen exe>citus, Lat. the pillar, or fupport of an arrnyj an ofH er in the army who has the command in chief of a regiment. Colonel lieutenant, is one who commands a regiment of the guards, whereof the king or other great peifonage, is colo- nel, hi eutenant colonel, if the fecond officer of a regiment, at the head of the captains, who commands in the abfence of the colo- nel. CO'LONELSHIP, S. the ofEce of a co- lonel. ToCO'LONISE, V. A. [hom colony] to plant with inhabitants , to fettle with people biO'tght trom fome other place j to plant with Culonies. CO'LONNADE, S. [cohnna, Ital.] a pe- liftyle of a circular form j or a ferie; of pillars placed in a circle, and infulated within- r)de, Figur.itively, any feries or range of pillars. CO'LONY, S. [c'Joma, Lat.] a body of people fent from the mother country, to cul- tivate and fettle foir.e other place. Figura- tively, the country fettled by a body of people born and cnmmg from fome other pl^ce. CO'LOPHONY, S. [from C'o/o/i5«, a city, whence it is impovrcdj a rtfinous fubftance jiiepardd of turpentine bcilr-d in water, and atttrwards dried ; or !rom a flow/ evaporation pf a fourth or fifth part of its fubftance by fire. COLGC^'I'NTIDA, S. [cclocynthus, Lat. i om KaXoxuvSic. of X!/iXia, Gr. the belly, and xiviJi, lo m-'ivrj the fruit of a plant in the Levant, ;ibout the bi^iiefs of a ld|ge orange, of a Roicien colour; its iniide is full of kerii<:ls which aie laken o\it bt-.fore it i? luied. Both liie pulp and feed are intolerably faltref, on whii h account it is calle.' biferapplf, CO.'i-ORAT£, Ad', in:or(itus, Lat.j co COL loured ; dryed ; nrjarked or ftained with any colour. COLOR A'TION, S. [coloratum, o( cdoro, Lar.] the art or praclice of colouring or painting ; the ftate of a thing coloured. Fi- guratively, colour or hue. COLOR I'FIC, Adj. {colonfcus, Lat.] that which has the power of producing colours, or of colouring any body. COLO'SSE, or COLO'SSUS, S. [Lat.] a ftjtue of enormous fize ; that of Apollo at Rhodes, made by Chares, was fo high that fliips could pafs, with full fails, between its legs ; its heiglit was 126 feet ; few people could lathom its thumb ; is was overthrown by an earthquake after flanding T360 ye.^rs, and being found proilrate on the ground by the Saracens, when they became mafters of the ifland, was fold by them to a ]cw, who loaded 900 camels with the brafs of it. CO'LOUR, S. [colfur, Fr. color, Lat.] the dilJcrenc fenf.itions extited by the retraced rays of light, refleifled on our Tyes in a different manner, according to the diffrjrent fize, fnape, or Ctu.nion of the particles of which bodies are cOTipofed. In a popular or vulgar fenfe, the different hue in which bodies appear to the eye. Figuratively, the rofy hue of the cheeks ; the tints or hue? pro- duced by covering any furface with paint. Under colour, appearance, or pretence. In the plural, an enfign or flag, applied to the foot, that of the horfe being termed a Jlundai d- To CO'LOUR, V. A. [coloro, Lat.J to mark, or dye with fome hus or tint. Figura* tively, to palliate, or exxu.'e ; to aflign fame plautible or fpecious reafon for an undertak- ing ; to blufh. COLOU'RAP>LE, Adj. fpecious, plaufible. CO'LOURABLY, Adv. in a fpecious or plaufible manner, wherein a falfe reafon is af- fiirned, in order to palliate a bad intention or aftion. CO'LOURED, Part, ftreaked ; diverfified with different hues. CO'LOURING. S. that branch of pointing which teaches the proper diftributiun of lij;h'» and fliades, and hying the colours with pro- priety ami be.iu:y. CO'LOURIST, S, a painter excellent in the tints he gives his pieces, and the manner ii» which he difpofes his lights and (hades. CO'LOURLESS, Adj. without any colour, not any ways tinged ; white ; tranffiarenr. COLT, S. [Sax.] a young horfl- that has never been ridicn, or broke. Figuratively, a raw, ignr.'ant perfon 5 a proper objedt for /harping and waggery. CO'l/l's-FOOT, S. Ikof^^huh, Teut] in ijotanv, the cacalia C(.l'LT's-TOO TH, S. an impcrfca and tuperfluous tooth in the mouth of a young horfe. Figurativfly, an inclination to youth- ^J'u! plsafjtcs, wanton.':c.''s, orgaictv. COLTER, COM COM COXTE'R, S. \culur, Six^ Icuttr. !Be!g.| ToCOMB, V.A. [l/r;;:*, North Brit. froM ceemben, Sax. coma, Lv»t. K-.f*n, Gr.] to clean Or fmooth tlie hair by palTing a comb through it ; to make wool or flax fi: for I'pinning, by pafTing it through a comb. To COMBAT, V. N. [ccmhattre, Fr,] to fight, generally applied to a duel or a fight» where the perfons engage hand to hand. Ac- tively, to fight. Figuratively, to engage* " Lov;; combated bv pride." CO'MBAT, S.' [Fr.] a conteft; a battle, generiliy applied to an engagement between two perfo.is; a duel. Figuratively, oppofition, or flrugglj. CO'MBAT ANT, S. [combattant, Fr.] he that fighrs tt ith another j fometimes reftrained to a duel. Figuratively, a champion or ftick- ler for any opinion. CO'MBER, S. [from comb and tvar, Sax. a man] one who pafTeth wool through the comb, and prepareth it for the fpinner. COMBINA'TION, S. [trom combin:'] an union of private perfons for fome peculiar pur- pofe. Figuratively, union of qualities or bodies ; mixture. Union or afTociation, ap- plied to ideas. In Mathematics, the vari- ation or ilift'crent crdcr in which any number of things may be difpofed. We wonder at the multiplicity of words that are made cut of the letters of the alphabet, in all the dif- ferent languages of Europe, but our aftonilh- ment mwft increafe when we recolleft that the four ard twenty letters of the alphabet may be combined, 1,391,724,228,887,252,999, 42i;,i2i 493,JC2,ioi> different wajs. To CO'MBINE, V. A. to join together. Figuratively), to link, together in unity, affec- tion, or concord. Neuterly, to join together applied to things. Figuratively, to unite in one bcdy. To unite in Friendftiip, applied to perfons. CO'MBLESS, Adj. wanting a comb, with* out a comb, apolied to a cock. COMBU'ST.Patt. burnt. In Afironomy» applied to a planet, when eight one-half deg. diflant from 'he fun. COMBU'STIBLE.Adj [Sec COMBUST] that which may be burnt, or that which eafily catches fire. COMLU'STIBLENESS, S. the quality of catching fire eafily. C0MBU'.STj10N, S. [from comiujlymjfa" pine of (omburo, Lat. comhufiion, Fi.J the burning of feveral things together; conflagra- tion ; confumption by fire. Figuratively, confuf.on, noife, huiry, commotion, pro- duced by reftlefs minds, either in moral or political affairs. To COME, V. N. [preter I came, or have cov:e, pitt'cle come, from corner ; Sax. cuimart, preter raw, Golh. ken:, preter /tow, l(\, iomen, Belg. kcmrr.en, Teut. hn:mer, Dan. ixo.aai, Gr. ■n, according to Skinner, yoy.t^tu, which, in rlerodo;us a. id Euripides, implies the fame] to move tiom -a diftict to s nearer fituation, either cdrro, Ital. c"l^^''> Lat.] the /harp iron of a plough, which breaks up the ground perpen- dicul.-!iiy to theplough-fhare. CO'LTISH, Adj. refemblingacoltj wan- ton. CO'LUMBARY, S. [columbarium^ Lat.j a place where doves or pigeons are kept j a dove-rot, or pigeoB-houfe. CO'LUMBINE, Si [tolumb'iM, Lat.] in Botany, the aquii-gia. CO'LUMBINE, S. [cohmbim:, Lst.] in Dying, a pale v'olct, or changeable dove-co- lour. Likev.'ife the heroine, or chief female charafter in pantomime entertainments. CO'LUMN, S. [columna, Lat.] in Archi- tcttute, a round pillar made to fupport or adorn a building. In War, a deep file or row of tro^-s or d!7i 'ion of an army, marching at the fame time to-.virds the fame place, v/ith inter- Tals L-etween them to prevent confufion. In Printing, halt z page, when the lines termi- nate in the middle of it, and begin agair, at -.he left-hand margin. When the lines are fhorter, » page is fometimes divided into three, four, or moie of thefe column, either by interftices or blacK lines running between them ; any coiieftion of particles prtflfing perpendicularly on each other, and gravitating jointly to the center, or the bafc by which they we fup- por'erf. CO'LUMNAR, or COLUiMNARIAN, Aa\. '«Hnied in ihe fliape of a column. CC'LURES, S. [a word of two fyllables from ioiuri, l^X..] jn Geography and Aftro Bomy, two gieat circles imagined to interfecft each otiier at right angles, in the poles of the worUl, one of which palfes through the eq.ini.£il«l points, Aries and Libra ; the othtr .through the folftitial points. Cancer and Capricorn } the latter determining the folilicef, and the former the equinoxes, and, as tliey divide the eclirtic into four equal parts, mark out the four feafons of the year, and the four points of the compais, the points, where thy interleft the ecliptic, bung termed the cardinal points. CCVIA, S. [from x>;/^a, Gr.] in Phyfick, » kind or lethargy or fleepy difeafe, wherein a perlon h.is a violent propenfity to fleep. COMATO'SE, Adj. lethargic; fleepy; or aft'ccled with a coma. COMB, S. [from comh, Sax. cam, Belg.] an inftrumeni made of horn, tortoife-fliell, 01 box, lawc.l, thrtugh which tlie hair is palled JB order tocieanfeor adjuft it; likewife an inftrument made of iron or fteel wires fixec irpright on a piece of wood, th.rough which fl.x, wool, or hemp is palled, to prepare ii Jar fpinning ; the top or creft of a cock, fo called Ironi its rcfembling the teeth of a comb; or from its being an orna.Tien^, and then <!erived from xi'/.hi.-, Gr. to adorn; the re- ccptaci s cr haib^v places ia a oec-hive vikeiiir. ths honey is ft-ored, from n-Y^'-'i, Gr.' COM nthii to a thing <Jr perfon ; to jpproacii, erat^ near to, or advantc towards, T* come abro&d, to be publickly known or publiftied. " As foon as the conimandmenC came ahre^d, a Cbron, Sxxi. 5. To "come to, to arrive at or attain. To follow as a tonfequence ; to happen. To come again, to come a fecond time ; to return. To come at, to reach. To tome by, to obtdin> gain, or acquire. To come in for, to be early enough to obtain a Ihare of any thing, alluding to the cudom In hunting, where thofe dogs that are flow come in for no ihare of the game. To come near, to ap- proach ; torefemble. To come off, toefcape; to quit or fall from, or leave. " His hat came off.'''' To come on, to thrive, or grow; to advance to combat. To come to, to agree or confent ; to amount to, applied to arithmetic. To come to hlmjelf Sec. to recover from a fright, or a fit. To come up with; to over- take. " He came up with them at Oxford." To come upon, to invade, attack, or feise unex^* peftedly. COME, Interjeftion, implying an exhorta- tion to atteniion, difpatch, and courage, when ufed fingly J but when repeated, it implies a grant, permiffion, fuppofition, or a tranfition from the topic, which preceded, to avoid giv- ing offence. COME'DIAN, S. [comedien, Fr,] one who a£ls on the ftage. In a reftrained fenfe, ap- plied only to one who appears in a comedy 3 but in a more loofe fenfe, any aftor. CO'MEDY, S. [comedie, Fr. comedia, Lat, from Ku/Ar,, Gr. a village, and aiJn, becaufe it was at firftonly a poem exhibited in villages j a dramatic piece, reprefenting fome diverting tranfaftion, being an exa£l pifture of common life, expofing the faults of private perfons, in order to render them ridiculous and univerfal'y avoided. Obfcenity,and twogreatan affedalion of repartee (hould be avoided by the writers in this branch of poetry, at one is oppofite to the very end of theatrical reprefentations, and the other Is inconfiftent *ith the very ed'ence of comedy, which is to be an exaft reprefen- tation of nature. CO'MELINESS, S. grace; handfomenefs, united with an appearance of dignity, CO'MELY, Adj. handfome, graceful, ap- plied to that appearance which excites reve- rence, rather than love. Applied to things, that which is fuitable to a perl'on's age, or condition, confiftent with virtue, or agreeable to the rules of right reafon, CO'MELY, Adv, in a graceful, becoming, and pleafing a manner. CO'MER, S, [from come and er, of ivar, Sax. a manj that which foon grows, or rifcs above ground, applied to plants. A vifiter; a perfon who enters or fettles in a place. To gife up one's ff/f to the frfi comers, is to em- brace any doftrine implicitly^ and without ex- amination. CO'MET, S, [ccmeta, or terries, Lat, a nS*ry ftar, from coma, Lat, a hair] in ARr'o.i nomy, an opaq'je heavfenly body, like the planets, moving in its proper orbit, which ia very excentric, having one of its foci in th6 center of the fun. It is diftingui(hed not only by its orbit, but likewife by its appear- ance from the phnets, as being bearded, Uiled, and haired ; bearded when eaftward of the fun, and its light marches before J tailed when weftward of the fun, and the train follows it j and haired when dia- metrically oppofite to the fan, having the earth between if, and all its tail hid, except- ing a few fcattered rays. The orbits of comets approaching near to a right line, iit fome parts thereof they go fo near the fun, that according to Sir Kaac Newton's compu- tation, their heat is 2000 times as great as that of red hot iron. To this let it be added, from the fame great author, that thele bodies are fo far from being fuch tremendous objedls as they are etteemed to be by the vulgar, and (alfely pretended to be by aiheifts, that their atmofpheres being dilated, rarified and diffufed through the celeftia) regions, may be attraifted down to the planets, become mingled with their atmofpheres, and by that means fupply the deficiences which would othervvife, by continual exhaufting, affed this and other planets; fo that ttieir revolutions, inftead of being looked on as the harbingers of terror and calamity, iliould rather be eftfemed a friendly and benevolent vifit, wherein tiiey be- llow fuch prefents to every planet thev oafs byj as is requifite to prevent its dec ly, ,ind fupply its inh.ibitan's with fuch things as are necelfary to their exigence. COMETA'RIUM, S, [Lat.] a mathema- tical machine, reptefenting the method of a comet's revolution. CO'METARY, or COMETIC, Acij, that which belongs or relates to a comet, CO'MFIT, S. [corf!, Fr. hnft, Belg. from confeSf, of csnfeiJio, Lat. J a dry Iweet-meat; any vegetable prefcrved by boiling it in fugar, and dryioj! it afterwards, COMFPTLIRE, S.[tromMw^/,or confeaio] afweetnieat. To COM'FORT, V, A. [conforter, Fr. conforrare, lu\.] to ftrengthen, excite, invigo- rate, enliven, or make a perfon undertake a thing boldly by perfuafions ; to make a perfo.i grow chearful that is in forrow, by advice and arguments. CO'MFORT, S. [from the verb] fuppott, affirtance, or countenance ; confolation, or fup- port under calaniitv and danger. CO'MFORTABLE, Adj. receiving relief or fupport in diftrefs; aC'ording confolation, having tlie power of leHening diftrefs. CO'MFORTARLY, Adv. in a chearfnl manner; in a mduner free from dejection or delpair, CO'MFORTER, S. one that diminlOies or kdl'iis the degies of » perfon's forrow under mis- CC M COM Tnisfortnnes ;ene whoitrenglhsnsind fupportsjlitary fen/e, the power of overlo«kjng, ini the minJ in mifeiy or danger. In Scripture, mking or annoying any place, applied as a title to the Holy Ghj/l-, wherein COMMA'NDER, S.hethat has the direc- applled as a title to the Holy It figiiifies not only a cor.Jlrter, but likevtift an ini)r(i£tor, or advifer. CO'MFORTLESS, Adj. without comfort, without any thing to lighten the burden, or allay tlie feni'ation of micfonunis, applied both to perfons and things. CO'MIC, or COMICAL, Adj. [comkus. l^it, cumUjue, Fr.] reliting to, or fit lur co medy ; riiiiculous, or canfing mirih, either from an unufaal atremblage of ideas feemin^ infonfiltent, or antic ge'.lures j aiid polite i_illcry. CO'MICALLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to laife mirth, either by an ailociaiion oi a.Tembl-ge of idcAs fefmingly ir.confi'dent ; by polite or good-natured railleiy, or by lume odd and antic geflurc ; after the manner ot a comedy. CO'MICALNESS, S. that quality by which a thing appears odd or ridiculous, and Ijifes mirth in the mini. CO'MING, S. the aa of moving towards a perfon or place ; approach j prefence, or arrval ; the pretence of a thing, which wa? abfsht !ome time before. Coming in, the pro- diidt of a pstlo.i's eftate, penfion, falary, or bufiiicfj. CO'MING, Part, [from cimie] applied to the inclination, projienfity, or afi^edtiou j tond j forward; eafily complying. Applied to time, lomeiliing nor jrcfcnt ; lomeihing future. COMi'TlAL, Adj. [from comitit], Lat.] relating or belonging to an aflcmbly, applied peculiarly to that of the Romans, CO'MMA, S. |'xc,v,u2, Gr. the leaft part cr fii-gment of a dilcourfe, from xiTfia;, fo cut otVl in Grammar, a paiife,or ftop, marked tiiui [y) uled todiAipgvifli fuch members of a di!cour(c from each other wherein there is a- verb, aiiil nominjtive cafe, feveral nouns ad- jeflive, or fubftar.tivef, in the fame fentence, net joined by a conjunflion, and where the fenfe is not ccmp'ete. In Mufic, the fmalleit <3f all the fcnlitiJe intervals of tune, fcldoni ufed but in theory, to (hew the j'lflnels of the foncord?, and is about the ninth part of a tone, cr interval, whereby a perf\:dt femitone, t)r tone, furpalVcs an imperfcdl one. In Xa- tuial Il.ftory, a v^ry beautiful moih, fo called J'lom its having a white mark on one of its wings, in I he firm of tl;is point. To COMM A'ND, V. A. f ,r w;»<j»A/-, Fr. Cf.H'i::u):iljie, lial.j to order, tn. lulling the irea of authoiily ; to keep, in fuijccfipn 5 to ob'ige a perfiin to perform anything. Figiir.-.tivcly, to arrog;tte or claim by mere force ; to over- look ; to be fitudied above any place, fo as to be able to lot \i inro, or annoy it. COMM.'\/ND, S. [from the verb] autho- rity or power. Figuratively, the cxercile of juiiioritV; ot cnii;fcing obeciente. la a Mi- tion of. Or au.h'rity over others. In a Mi- litary fenfe, a leader, chief, or officer, A paving beetle, or rammer. In Surgery, an inftrument, called likewise a gloffocomium, uled in moft tough, ftrong bodies, where a luxation has been of lontt continuance. COMMA'NUERY, ~S. the exercife of a command, or the office of a commander. In Hiilory, a):pliEd to a benefi-reor fixed revenue belonging to a military order, snd conferred on antient knights, who had done fome co.n- fioerahle fei vice to the order. CQMiMA'NDMENT, S. {commandmert, Fr,] an exi refs ordi-rtodoor abftain from any thing, Wiien it orders any thing to be done, it is named a poftti-ve command ; but when it forbids the doing a thing, it is th;.n termed 4 nfgjii-ve commnnd. The precepts of the deca- logue, fo called by way of eminence, and containing in a concife manner, the whole of our duty to God and man. COMMATERIA'LITY, S. of the Um^ 'matter cr fubftance with another ; refemblance to fomething in its matter or fuuftance. COMME'MORABLE, Adj. [coir.mejront, Lat.] delerving to be mentioneo with honour and reverence ; worthy to be celebrated and kept in remembrance. COMMEiMORA'TlON, S, the doing fomething in order to preferve the remem- brance of any perfon or thing. COMMEMO'RATIVE, Adj. tending to preferve the remembrance of any perfon er thing. To COMMENCE, V.N, [commenar, Fr.] to begin ; to take its beginning ; to aflui^e a new charafter which it never did before, ap- plied to perfons and things. To COMME'ND, V, A. [commtnJo, Lat.] to reprefent a perfon as poiTefl'ed of thofe vir- tues that demand notice, approbation, and eiieem ; to praife ^ to deliver or entruft with conhdence, and full aflTuranre of proteftion. " To thtel '■'0 co>fin:end wy watchful foul." Sbak. To deiire to be mentioned in a kind and refpcftful mannerr COMME'NDABLE, Adj. worthy of praife, COMMEND ABLY, Adv. in a manner worthy of commenriation. COMME'NDAM, S. f co.rww.^, low Lat.] in Canons, a vacant benefice which is givett 'o a n-rfon to fupply till fome other perfon is pre'cn'.ed or named to it. ^ COA^.ME'N'DATORY, S. one who holds a livtne in corrvm'^ndam, COMMEND.A'TION, S a favot)raHle re- orefentation ot a perion's gfiod qualities ; prai e 5 recommnidation ; a melTage ot kind- ntf^. COMME'NDATORY, Adj. that w^hich commends 01 engages notice, ericrm, and approba- COM approbation, from a favourable difplay of good qualities ; containing praife. COiMME/NDER, S. one who oraifes, or difplays the virtues of another, in order to render him efteemed and beloved. COMMENSA'LITy,S.[«OTOTw/rt/;s,Lat.] the adl of eating, or fitting to cat, at the fame table with another. COMMENSURABI'LlTy,S. [from cow menjurab!e\ the capacity of being meafured by fome common meafure or ftandard. COMME-'NSURABLE, Adj. [from cofi and merfura, Lat.] in Geometry, having fome common aliquot part ; or which may be meafured by fome comn:)oii me.ifnre, fo as to leave no remainder. Thus a foot and a yard are commenfurable, becaufe an inch taken 12 times is a foot, and 36 tim-is a yaid. To COMME'NSURATE, V. A. [from eon and rr.cnfura, Lat.] to reduce to one com- mon meafure ; to ex'end as far as. GOMME'NSURATE, Paft. [from the verb] reducible to one common meafure j equal ; proportionate ; as extenfive. COMME'NSURATELY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be meafured by fome common meafure or ftandard, without leaving a re- mainder ; with a capacity of meafuring or being meafured by another equally extenfive. COMMENSURA'TION, S.the ledudion of, or meafuring a thing by fome common meafure ; proportion. To CO'M'mENT, V. N. {cimmcntor, Lat.] to write notes ; to explain, interpret, or expound. CO'MMENT, S. [from the verb] notes or annotations, in ordf r to explain an author j €xpofiiion ; explanation; remark. QOiMMY.^TAKY,S.[eommentanus,l.iX.'] a continued and critical explanation of the fenfe of a.'i authf>r. COMMENTA'TOR, S. [from ammnt] one who writes remarks, notes, or explana- tions of an author. COMME'NTER. See COMMENTA- TOR. COMMENTI'TIOUS, Adj. [commmnius, Lat.] invented ; forged ; fi£V,itiou8 j without any exiftence, but in the brain. COMMERCE, S. \ccrKmeic:um, Lat.] the exchange of commodities, or the buying and felling merch:<ndize Soth at home and alr.jad, in order to gain profit, and increife the con- veniencics of life. Commerce is ufed figurative- ly, for intercourfr of any kind. COMME-'RCLA.L, Adj. belonging or rcl't- ing to trade or'commerce. To CQ/MMIGRATE, V. A. to move in a body, or with one common confent, from one country to anotht;r. CO'MMJGRATION, S. [from ccmmi- ^ran} the removal of a lar^e number of pet- Ions or animals from one country to another. CO'MMINATION, S. [<Of?i,^};iarh, Ux.] a '.hreat j a declaration or dej.ui.cis'.icn ot COM pun;<hm;nt or vengeance for any crime ; sa office of the church, containing the threaten - ings denounced igainft any breach of the di- vine laws, and tecited on A(h-Wedi;elday. COMMiNA'TORY.Adj.appliedtoLaw?, a claufe in any law or ediS, importing a pu- niflimcnt for the breach or violation of it. COfvlMKNUBLE, Adj. [from commwuo, Lat.j that which may be uroken, powdcied, or reduced into fmsll parts. COMMI'NUTION,S. the afil of reducing into fmall par icleb, e.ther by grinding, pow- dering, breaking, or chewing. COMMl'SERABLE, Adj. [from cor?:i!:ij1. ror, L.it.j thai which deferves, or is an ob- jeft of pity and relief; fhewing pity and com- pafhon to '-(eriV.ns in diftrefs. To COJvIMl-'SER ATE, V. A. {corr.wijrra' (as, put, o( oi/imiferor, Lat.j to pity j tocom- paffionate. COMML^KRA'TION, S, [commiferatu,, Lat.] d tender, fynipathizing, and afFc^junata regard for thnfe in diftrefs. CO'MMJSSARY, S. an ofHrer commif- noned occafionjily tor a certa'ji purpofe ; a delegate or Jeputy, In Church Government, one who exercifes ecclefiaftital jurifdidlion in fuch places as are at a confiderable diilance from the b'fhop's fee. In the army, a ccnii>.i,'~ jaiy genera, oi the mufters, is one who takes a view of the numbers or ftrength of ev.;ry re- giment, fees that the hSri'e be well nnounted, and that the rren be well cloihed, and accou- tred. Commijjory general of provilions, fur- nlfhes the army with every thing nccefi'ary for its food. CO'MMISSION, S, [commijj'um, fupine of committo, Lit.] the a£t ot entruliing atiy per- fon, or the einp! yng him to trjniiiCi a thing for one's felf ; the fum allowed or Hcm.'nd--* for felling or buying, &c. for another; a war- rMOf foriheexcrcifeof any ofHce. In Divinitv, (he ailual performing of fome a6lion fo: bidden by the Scriptures, diftinguifhed from fins of omiHion, which are barely the not performing fcmeihing ei'ioined ; charge, office, or cm- ploymenr. A Commij/ion of haiikrupt.y, is ma<^e out u^Htr the great feal, and dircdtid '.o fever;tl perfo' s to enquire into thefeveril cir- rumflantes of a perfoix that is broke, and ta ail ace toinj 1*0 the particular laws made in iliat c.ifc. To COMMl'SSION, V. A. to antSorlz.-, eipp'wer, appoint, or give a peifon authoii /' to difch.irt.'e an ofBce. COMMi'S-SIONER, S. one whofe narr^e is iiiferted in any warrant for the difcharge of .) public office; one empov/crcd to aft in a par- ticular quality by patent, or warrant. CO'iViMl.S.SURE, S. [comm:JJ'u<a, Lat.] % join: i or a pl^ce wi>ere two bodies, or iHe pjfts of an ani'mal body, are joined toge» thcr. To COMMIT, V, A. [committs, Lat.] to ir.iTuif, or t?u!l a perfon j to fend a p «ifon 19 COM to prifon ; to perferm, iQ, or perpetrate fome crime or fault. COMMI'TABLE, Adj. [from commit] liable to be committed j an objeft worthy of imprifonment. COMMITMENT, S. the ad of fending a perfon to prifon j iheftateof a perfon in piifon. CO'MMITTEE, S. a numbir of perfons to whom the con(ideration or exaialnaiion of an sffair is referred. TO COMMI'X, V. A. [ccnmixtus, Lat.] to miic, blend or join feveral thjigs together, cr into one mafs. COMMO'DE, S. the head-erefs of a wo- man. COMMO'DIOUS, Adj. [cofSKudus, Lat. (om/KoJe, Fr.] the fuitiblenefs of a thing to any particular piirpofe ; free from any hin- drance or obftruflion ; convenient; feafonable, or fuitable j fpacious, well contrived, applied to baildings. COMMCDIOUSLY, Adv. in » convenient manner, applied to fnuation. Enjoying the receffaries avA rorrforts of life, applied tocon- dinon. "To pal's fcwr.ii/iot/Jy this life." Fit- ted or fuited to any particular end cr view, COMMGDIOUSNESS, S. th: fitnefs or fu'tablenefs of a thing to any end ; advantage, COMMO'DITY, S. [ccnnwditl, Fr. com- moditas, Lat.] conveniency, profit, iitereft, or advantage. In Commerce, wares, goods, mer- chind'.ze, or that which is the abjeft of trade. COMMODO'RE, S. in the Navy, an un- ^er-admival, or perfon commiflioned to com- jpand a fquadron of /hips. When three or raore fail of /hips are in company, the eldeft captain afTumes this port, and has I his title. COMMON, Adj. {commun,Yx. cammunh, Lat. J that which is enjoyed by different fpecies of animals; belonging equally to more than one ; the property of no pcifon; without a proprietor or pcffiflbr ; volgar ; mean ; trif- ling ; frequently feen ; ufual ; eaf:!y to be had ; of little value ; general j public ; intended for the ufes of every body. A common iv.mjn, not confined to one perfon, but proftitutcd to any Dtie. In Grar.iniar, applied to fuch verbs as fignify both aftion or pafTion. Applied to nouns, fuch as fignify both fexes under one term, as /•ar£»r fignifics both father and mo- ther. COMMON, S. an open field, free for any inhabitant ot the lord/hip wherein the co.mmon lies to graze his C'ltle in. To CO'MMON, V. N. to enjoy a light of uafiurc in an open field in conjunftion with others. COMMONABLE, Adj. that which may bectioie open or free, applied to ground. CO'MMONAGE, S. [from co,>:>!^on] in Law, the rieht of piflu'e in a comrnnr ; of fifhingiii ano'her pei!o,i's water; or ofdiegin;; turf i»i tiiC grcund of another j the joint ris;ht COM of ufing any thing equally and together with others. COMMO'NALTY, S. [communautt, Fr.] the people of the lower rank ; the common people. Figuratively, the major part, or built; of mankind. '• The commonaliy bearing re- cord of the God of gods." Hookir. COMMO'NER, S. one of the common people J one of low rank ; a perfon who bear* no titles j one v/ho hai a feat in the houfe of commons. In Law, one who has a joint right to paflure, iS°i. in an open field. In the Univerfity, one who wears a fquare cap with a ta/Tel when under-gradiiate, is of a rank be- tween a battler and gentleman commoner, and eats at the common table. Applied to a wor man, a lewd perfon, or proftitute. *' A public commoner.''' Shakeff. CO'MMQNLY, Adv. generally j frequent- ly ; ufually. CO'MMQNNESS, S. frequency, or repe- tition ; participation among, or application to feveral. To COMMO'N-PLACE, V. A. to reduce to, and tranfcribe under general heads. COMMON-PLACE-BOOK, S. a book wherein things or extrafts are recorded alpha- betically, or reduced to general heeds, in order to a/Tift a perfpn's memory, or enable him ten fupply himfelf witii any curious obfervation on any topic he wants. CO'MMON-PLEAS, S. the king's court, now held at Weftminfter, hut formerly move- able : it was erefted at the time that Hanry III, granted the great charter. In perfonal and mixed aflions, it has a concurrent jurif- diftion with the King's Bench j but has no cognisance of the pleas of the crown ; the ac- tions come hither by originals : the chief judge is called. Lord Chief Juftice of the Common- Plecu, who is aflifted by three other judges, all of them treated by letters patent from the king. COMMO'NS, S. the vulgar ; the lower fort of people; the lower houfe of" parliament, confifting of members chofen by the people. A portion of food or yiftuals uiuaily eaten at one meal, fo called at the univerfities. COMMO'NWEAL,orCoMwoN^vEAiTH, S. in its primary fenfe, ufed in Law, the com- mon good ; a regular form of government or polity, e/tablifhed by common conl'ent ; a form of government, in which the fupreme power is lodged in the people ; a republic ; a demo- cracy. COMMOTION, S. {ccmmofio, Lat.] tu- mult, difturbance, /edition, difnrder or coji- fufion, aj-ifing from the turhulent difpofitioaa of its memSers, applied t!> a {ta:e. Figura? lively, inward confufion or violence ; diforder of mind ; perturbation ; a violent motion or apltaiiu;}. " The ccmjoi'wrf of the water." fVood<iv. To COMMU■'^fE, V. A. [commupicc, Lat.] to F»nverfc 5 to taljc tc^ethtr j iff impart COM ftapart fentiments mutually to each other. COMMUNICABVLITY, S. [from com- vmrtkable] an open or generous difpofitioii, whereby a perfon is willing to iir.part his fentiments to another ; the pofiibility or power ef being imparteU or communicated to ano- ther. COMMUNICABLE,Adj.[Fr.]rhat which may become the property of, or be related or imparted to, another; ufcd with /o. To COMMU'NICATE, V. A. [commu- nko, Lat,] to impart to another ; to make another a joint partaker with ourfelves j to confer or bellow a pf-fleflion ; to djfcover one's fentiments or knowledge to another. Neu- terly, in Theology, to receive the facrament of the Lord's-Supper; to be^onneflcd or join- ed ; to have fomething common with another. " The hou''es co.-;mumcate." " The canaJs (ommunicafe with one another." COMMUNICA'TION, S. [Fr.] applied to fcience, the ail ot imparting, difcovering, or revealing, A common inler, or palTage, leading from one place to another ; the mutual intelligence kept up between perfons cr places; a converfation, conference, or imparting a per- fon's fentiments in mutual difcourfe. COIVIMU'NICATIVENESS, S. readinefs ©f imparting benefits or knowledge to others, COMMU'NION, S. [commufiio, Lat.] intercourfe ; fellnwfhip ; common poflelljon ; a partaking of the fame thing. In Divinity, the common or public celebration of the Loro's Supper. COMMU'NITY, S. [comimtniias, Lat.] a government ; a body of people united together in the fame form of government ; common participation, pofTeflion, or enjoyment, pppofed to appropriation. COMMUTAB'ILITY, S. [See COM- MUTABLE] the quality of being the proper objedl of interchange, or of being capable of exchange. COMMU'TABLE, A.-lj. [from commute] an alteration or change ol difpofiticn or fenti- ments, applied to the mind. A change of form or quality, applied to bodies j the giving one thing in exchange for another ; the adl of fubftituting a pecuniary for a corporal puiiiih- ment ; ranfom, or redt-.mption. COMMU'TATIVE, Adj. [commutatus, Lat. 3 relating to exchange. Commutative ju- JiUe, is that which is tx-rcifed in tiide, and is oppofed to fraud or extortion in buying or felling. ToCO'MMUTE, V. A. [commuto, Lat.] to exchange ; to put one thing in the place oi another; to buy oft", or ranfom. CO'MPACr, S. [f:om con and paSlum, Lat.] a bargain or agreement entered into be- tween two or more paities ; a concradi. To COMPA'CT, V. A.. \compa.l:.m, fn- pine of compingv, Lat] to unite or juin lo- getlier clofely ; to confolid^te, or r(r:j(<er fo- l.iii by prjlfing tSc p^itjck"? of a body doft 5 COM together; to league cr enter into a bargain. CO'iMPACT, Adj. [from the verb] ciofe, denfe, and heavy ; having few pores, and thofe very fmall. A;.plied to Stile, concife, or con- taining much matter in few words, COMPA'CTNESS, S. firmnefs; hardnefs; denfity. COMPA'CTLY, Adv. in a clofe, neat manner. COxMPA'CTURE, S. the manner in which any thing is joined; a joint or joining. COMPa'GES, S. [Lat.] a compofiricn or fyftem wherein feveral things are joined or united. COMPAGINA'TION, S. union, or join- ing of feveral pirts together. COMPA'NION, S. [compagnoi, Fr. com- pagno, Ital.] one with whom a perfon fre- quently converfes, or with whom he is gene- rally feen. COMPA/NIONABLE, Adj. fit for the company of others ; agreeable ; fociable. COMPA'NIONSHIP, S. a body of men forming one company j lellowlhip or afibcia- tion. COMPANY, S. [compavme, Fr. compaa. ma, Ital. See ACCOMPANY] feveral pet^- fons aflembled in the fame room, either for converfation, or mutual entertainment ; feve- ral perfons united together to carry o;i one ge- neral and common defign ; a num ber of perfons united or incorporated by fome charter ; a body corporate ; a corporation, In War, a fmall bo- dy of inl-'aiury under one captain. In the Ma- rine, a number of mcrchaius iliips going the fame voyage, and mutually boimd, by charter- party, to ftand by and defend each other. Ti bear or ks'.p company, is to go with a perfon, or to vifit him ofttn. To CO'MFANY, V. A. [from the no^n] to be often in a pcifon's prefence ; to e,<j or walk with a perfon ; to attend ; to alTociate with. CO'MPARABLE, Adj. worthy to be com- pared ; eqcul to, or iefe;nb!ing. C0'Ml->AR.4BLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as IS worthy of comparifou ; in a compaiative manner, CO.VIPARA'TES, Icomp.Jrata, Lat.] In ' Logic, the terms or fubjecls of a comparifon ; tht; twj things between which a comp^rifon is formed. COMPA'RATIVE, Adj. [ccv,parjtif, or comparath's, I'r.iomparJti-vui, Lat. J ih.ttv/hic!i refults mcrelyfrom a compirifon with anoth.-r; ch.it which has the power of h>r-ning a com- parifon, or comparing two thinjs or idej.i to- gether, in order to find our th ir refer^hhnc* or difrerence. In Grammar, the comparative it'^tf, wherein two or more ideas ar.: co:>ip.-sr-, td to^iether, and ilie diftirMice either in ex- celf or dirr.inj'ion is ex;>rffieJ. COMP.VR/VTIVl-LY, .\U: in a co.m- oararive raacrner; acco.ding to t.ie difta'ice ur J'.kijncls fcunJ frun^, tort)pa.'i'i^. To COM ToCOMPA'RE, V. A. [eenpare, Lat.] to bung two or more things together, in order, by an in/'pefVion of ihem, to find in what they agree or differ ; to apply one thing as the mea- sure of another ; to liken. When ihe compa- Tifon intends only an illufttation ot a thing by its likenefs, then to and un:c is ufed before the thing brought by way of illullration. " Sol(.:i icn:fia>ed the people unto the fea." Bac. Hul when pel fens rr things are compared together, to difcover in what they ?giee, r^r difagree, or their relative proportions, then ii'ith is ufed. " If hccompares his tranflation luiib the origi- nal." ■Spt'fl. No. 229. COMPA'RE, S [f.om the verb] the ftate of being compared 5 llUcneis ; eflimate or judgment fornied on conip;*riro:i ; the pcflibili- ly of being compared, " Beyond compare," Mi fun. COMTA'RiSON, S. [ccmparalfon, Fr.] judging of the cities ence of two things, by ex- amining, or compa;jng tl'.em together. Tht ilaie ol a thing corrpared. In Grammar, the l"orn)ati(>n of an adjeftive through tiie vari- ous degrees in which the figniiication of the pofitive is he ghtened or diminiflied, ai fofr, jvf,er,fofieft. ToCO'MPART, V. A. \_co7r.partir,Vr.] to divide, or lay down a general detogn or plan, in all its different part', divifions, or fub-di *i<ions. COMPA'RTIMENT, S. [Fr.] a defigr, compofed of diflerent f gure?, difpolcd with fymmetry, cither as ornaments of a parterre, tiding, or pi£lure j a divifion of 2 pidlure, or dcfigii. COMl'ARTI'TIOK, S. [from ccmpart] the adl of co.T.pattin;: or laying iov.'.i the fc- veral par's or divifions of eny plan or dcfig.". Figuratively, the part of any plan. In Archi- tetlurc, the ufetul and graceful diftiiuu. ion of the whole ground plot of an edifice into roomt of office, of reception, and entcrtainrnent. CO.MP.A'RTMtNT, S. |S e COiVI PARTiiV.ENTj a div.fion or frpar^te p3rt of a defign. ToCO'MPASS, V. A. fwr;.'r,'7,V, Fr. (ompajjeie, Ital.J to furroui-.d; to indole ; to ftana round <n a ringj to befiege or block up ; to grafp or inclofc in the arms j to obtain, at- tain, ftcure, or have. CO^■i''^AS^, S. orhlt; rcv.-.Kition ; extent or limit 5 inclofure. In Mjfic, the power ol the viiicc, or of an ir.flrument, to lound any particular note. An initrument c infilling of a box, including a mopneticjl needle, which points towards the N..rth, and is ui'ci by ma- tineeis to f\eer their Hups. Ccn:j.':'Jhs a n-.a he- jnaticdi inflrurT>ei.t, ccnfi'^ing o! two branch- e*, fa(^er.ef) lojeiher at the top by a pivot, about which they move as on a centre, ano aie ufed i.i taking diltances, drawii^ circles, and in workinp; problems in the matiiematics. CCMPAiSslON'. S. [Ff. frsm .-« and C M fafjum, Pait. of fatUr, Lat. to fufFer] a dif* pufuion of mind which inclines us to teel the miferies of others wth the fame pain and for- row as if they were our own, COMPA'SSIONATE, Adj. eafily affefted with forrowor pain, on viewing the calamiiiet and diitrefles of others. To COMPA'SSIONATE, V. A. [from the adjetlive] to pity, and be moved with for- row at the futf.rings ot others. COMPA'SblONATELY, Adv. in a pity- ing, tender, and fymoath^zing manner. COMPATIB'ILITY, S. [from ccmpaiiifc] confiltency ; the power or pofiibiiity of coexift- ng in the fame fubjeift, or at the fame time ; agreement. CO.V!P.-\'TIBLE, Adj. confiftent with ; fit for ; l-.iirable to ; becoming or agreeable to. COMPA'TIBLENESS, S, the quahty of agreeing with. COMPA'TIBLY, Adv. fitly; fuitably, Co as to be applicable to the fame fubjed>, and co« exift in it at the fame time. COMPATRIOT, S. [awfatriote, Fr] one of the fame countrv. COMPE'ER, S. [comtere, Fr.] an equal in rank ; an aiTociate, or companion. To COMPE'ER, V. A. [from the noun] to be e>:;ual with in any quality ; to match. To COMPE'L, V. A. [corrpcHo, Lat. J to make a perfon do ( r refrain from fome a£l by lorce ; to extort by force, ufed whhjrom, be- fore the perfon fuffering tiie viol.nce. " Com- pel from each the f-xth pan." Siiak, CO.MPE'LLABLE, Adj. that which may be forced. COMhE'LLER, S. he that makes a per- fon do or refraif) from an a£lion bv force. COMi^E'NDlOUS. Adj. concife; brief, or containing much in few words, applied to ftile. Near or fliort, applied to traveMng. COMl'E'NDiOUSLY, Adv. inafhortor Conciie m.nner COMfE'NDIOUSNESS, S. brevity or (liortnefs ;. the quality ot containing much in a fhort fp2>.e, or performing much in a fhort t me. COMfE'NDIUM, S. [Lat.] an abridge- ment of adifcourie ; a fhort or concile m^t.hod of writing on any fuhjeif^. COMPl:.'NS.lBLE, Adj [from tomperfo^ Lar.j that for which sn equivalent :nay be made ; that which may be recompen'ed, To COMrENSA"iE, V. A. [comptnfa, Lat. J to majre amends lor ; to countervail j to counterbiliince. , COMPENS.VTION, .S. [See COW- PENSATE] ar>-.e.".dJ ; rerompence ; a thing of equal value toanother j an equivalent. COMP£'NS.\TiV£, Adj. that v.l:ich com- COMPF'TF.NCE, or COrvTPETElNCY, S» \r.mj<t:r.<., Lat.] fuch a qjirituy as isjcfr I'ufHcicot; , iihout fuj'ci.*i.jity j luch a lorcme c o u is is fuiHcient to fupply the necedaries of life, »nd is between po^eiiy on une lide, and aiHu- fence on ihe ocher, CO'MPliTENT, AHj. [comfieiirs, Lat.] fuitable ; proportionable; lufficient in num- bers, quantity, or power, to any imdertakir.gj moderaie ^ qudlified or fit tor ; tonfiflv nt with; applicable tu- ' CO'MPETENTLY, Adv. properly ; fuffi- cienly ; without excels or (ielcct. COMPETITION, S. tbe cndMvomlng to gain foinething in oppofi>ion to another j li- valrv ; conteft ; opp' :'uion. COMPE' TITOP., S. [from con and petitor, L:it.] one who clainss or endeavourj t.) giin a thine in oppofition to another ; a rival. COMPl'LATiON, S. [I'rom cow^Uatum, fupine oi comfilo, Lac. J a coJleition tiom vari- ous authors j i.n afliuibl^ige or mafs of things heaped togfthtr. • To COMPI'LE, V. A. [corpU,, Lat.] to forn:i or colle(n frorn various authors, Figu- ratively, to write ; to comp.ofe ; to form Ironri an aflemblage of various ciicur.i fiances or in- cidents. COMPI'LER, S. a colieaor, one who compoits a work, from various authors. COMPLA'CENCE, or COMPLA'CEN- CY, S. [comfiUcens, Lit. from cat, and f\'a- ceo, Lat.] a fatisfaciion arifing in the mind on viewing fome action which is wortl)y of its approbation ; or in contemplating fomethiiig, which, on account of its amiablenefs, produces joy j the caufe of joy, or rational plCafure and ifatisfa£lion ; a genteel addrefs which befpeaks approbation, and caufes pleifure ; civility, complaifance, polifenefs, applied to ijehaviour. COMPLA'CENT, Adj. [to?:/..'..v:;;j, Lat.] affable j kind ; civil ; polite. To COMPLA'JN, V. N, [plaindre, tr^J to find fault with ; to charge a perfon with having been guilty of fome crime. Ac lively, to weep, lament, bi bewail. COMPLA'INT, S. [j^hmte, Fr.^ a mouin.'ul reprcfentaiion of i.'jjuiits or pain; gtiel ; the zCt of finding fauit with any tning. Figuritivcly, the caufe of dilVaiisfaC'tion, or tjmpLin'ng. COMPLAISA'NCE, S. [Fr.] a cumI be- haviour, whereby a p'.rfon complies with the Incliiiatioin ol another, in order to iiifioua'e himk'lf into his elteen) and favour. COMPLA'lS.'iN F, Adj. [Fr.J civil ; po- lite ; cndeavourint; to ple.ifc. COMPLA'IS aNFLY, Adv. io a civil, kind, condeTcenciing, and polite minner. To C0N:PLANA'FE, or COMl'LA'NE, V. A. [from con and f'.anui Lat.j to kvel, or m.:ke fmoyth and tljt, " Th? vertebrx .01 the neck and bjck-bo.Ts are made fliort and C'ir.p':;f:atcd." Dtrhi-.m. CO'MPLEMLNT, S- [(cmfkiKenium, Lat.] that which perfects or completes any thing ; a *ull, co.mplcte, and r-quifite quantiiy <ii COM of 3 circle, what it wants of go degrees, la Mavigstion, applied toaeaurfe. what it wants of Qo Aftv,. 8 points, or a quarter of a circle, la .'^.iliondmy, the difianoe of a ftar from' the zenith. In Fortification, applied to a curtin, that pirt oi the interior fids, which rnakes a dem:gor^s ; and applied to a liac of defence^ the remainder of the line, after taking away die angle of the fl.>nk. In Arithmetic, ap- plied to a logarithm, what it wan'S of IO,OOQ,OGO. COMPLE'TE, Adj. [«„.>Vr«i. Lat. from compleo, Lat. to hll up] fini.ncd; perre(fl j wanting nothing j without defects ; ended ; concluded. To COMPLE'TE, V. A. to perfecl ; to finilli ; to ani^wer perfetlly. COMPLF/TELY, Adv. perfeaiy; fully; in a pcrfctt manner. COAIPLE>TENESS, S. perfeaion ; a quality v. hich implies a tiling to be fiuifhed without defe£t. COMPLE'TION, S. [ccmpletus, Lat.] the exigence of fame circumflmce predidled, wherebv every part of a propliecy is fulfilled ; accomplifliment j the greateft height, or per- fea ft»te. CO'MPLEX, S. [from the adjeaive] a col- Icaion, fumiiiary, or the whole of a thing J confiiling of feveral parts. CO'MPLEX, Adj. [Lat.] compounded} confiding of fevctal parts; including feveral particubr<(. COMPLE'XEDNESS, S. co-Tipofition ; containing a variety of circu.T.fta.^ces or par- ticulars. COiViPLE'XION, S. [«»./> Wo, Lat.] thS containing or ranging feveral particulars dif- ferent liom each otlier ; the colour of the o(it-» w,ird pans of the body, paicicuUrly that of tija countenance. In Phyfic, the tenipierature, hal'it or difpofition of the body. A fanguir.e cii:ip.'iXior<, is that of hot or warm perfons, and is fo call-'d from the blood's oeing thoughc to he more predominant in fuch. COMPLL'XION AL.Aij. depending trere- ly on the habit or temD(rr.iture of the body. COMPLE'XIONALLY, Adv. by com- plexion, or by theh^bit of the body, ot predo- minancy of fome of the fluids. COiVlPLE'XLY, Adv. in a compouftd man- ner ; for.firting of leveral patiiculars, Oppofel COMPLE'XNESS.S. the ftate or quality of being compo'cd of feveral particulars oilVa- rent fr<)ni each other, COMPLE'XURE, S. th« compounding of jnifing one thine with others. COMPLl'ANCE, S. [from ctmf,/y] thi yielding confe.^t to a tiling p'opofed ; tlie leadf perfonriince of a thin; tequL-tled ; lonJefceiid- ing fo t.u to tiic humours ot a pi-rlon, as ii> do every thing he en dcfire, or expett ; con- del">;enfion. CO.MPLPANT, Pirt.[froio awjl>.y] yidd- R in( C O M 5ng to the touch ; bending with any farce ; viclrfinp. con<<e!cf ndine. To COMPLl'CATE, V. A. [«w/./;o, Lst.j to join or add one thing or a6\ion to anoiherj to unite by wrapping one thing in Fnother ; to compofe rr tnalie a whole, by thr uniting of feveral things different; from each other. COMPLl'CATE, Adj. compounded of a Viriety of p;uts. COMIM.ICA'TION, S, the joining, <nix ina, blending, or involving feveral ; hii-gsin one inolh'r; a whole cnnfilling'ot feverj] thinsr. COiMPLl'MENT, S. ( Tr. j a pro'eHion o • rcdt tfUem, or an expreflion of appro' aiioii or pralfr, merely from ceremony and politenels j a mere ce'cmonions expreflion. To COMPLIMENT, V. A. to make uft of ex;>-c!iion3 of refueft, from a bare princi- ple of Bood behaviour »nfl ceremony ; to (peak in praife of a thing or petfon, contrary to one's real rentimen's and opinion. COMrLlME'NTAL, Arfj. expreffive of rcfpetf and civility; ceremnnioiis. COMf'LlME/NTALLV, Adv. in a mere cereinonious mar.ncr. COMFl.IME'KTER, S. a perfon abound- ing in rompliments. C0'MFL0T,5. fFr.] a plor, orilldefign, conctned and carried on by two or more per- f. ns ; a confpiracy or confederacy. To CO'MPLOT, V. A. [contploter, Fr.J to join in a delign ; to bring about an ill de- tign. COMPLO'TTER, S. one v\hojoins in a plot j a cor>(|ii?ator. To CO'MFLY, V. N [from ro;?and/>/'/fr, Fr.J to confent to any requeft ; to fuit one's felf to n period's humours ; to v'eid to. COMPG'NE, or COMPONED, Arj. [crrcorie, Fr.] in HetalJrv, compofed or lormed of a row of angular waits, or chequers O^ two colour":. COMFO'NENT, Pjrr. ihat which com- pofe«, or contributes to the forming of a com- pound bcdv. To COMPO'RT, V. N. [eomf<crtrr, Fr.] to luit ; to agree with; to aft agreeably or fuitably to. COM FO'RT, S. [from the verb] behaviour; manrier of looking and a£ling ; cc^nduft. COMFO'RTaBLE, A(tj. confiftency, np- poftd to contradiftorv. COMFO'RTME'NT, S. behaviour or con- dua. To COMPO'SE, V. A. Uorr^ofir, Fr.] to form a mafs, confifting ot Cevernj ihinj;? joined togett-.er; to form or confit) of ; ro place in a proper form; to join words together in a difcourie with art and care ; to reduce to a flate of calmnefs, reft^, and quiet ; to recon- cile. Jn Printing, to fet letters or types in proper order } to place the letters in order in the fotms. In Mufic, to fet any thing to tune; to form a tune fxom « proper col- COM lef^ion, order or difp'ofition of the notes, COMFO'SED, Part, cdin, ferious, ledate, undiC.urbed. COMFO'SEDLY, Adv. in a calm, ferioas, fercne, or i'edatc .innner ; free from any per- turbation or contuf'on.' COMPO'S'.DNESS, S. fedatcnels ; calm- nefs; tranquility of mind ; a freedom *rom any di fiuihance or d'ior.^er, applied to th<- mind. COMi'O'SER, S an author, orwri'rron any funjedl; one that adapts or fets \vord» to mufic ; or totnns a tune from a peculiar af- fenubl3>;e ot the notes of mufit, CO'MFOSirE, .',dj. [Fr. from ccmf^ijilus, Lat.j in architvftnre, thr hit of the hve or- ders of columaj, fo called bec.ufei;s capital is framed from 'hofe ot d ftcrent orders ; it is termed liUewile tha lalian or Roman crder. COMFOSI'TION, S. [from covi^:f.:\o, Lat. ] the atl if forming a whole froiTi pans different from each other ; the ^&. of com- bining fimple idea: together, in order to form a complex one ; the diflribution or orderly placing of the feveral parts of a plan, dtfign, or piOure; the woik or pruduc- tion of an author; fuitablenefs, or adapt- ing to any particular fentiment, applied to geliure. An agreement, contr.ift; a recon- ciliati'.in, op*C^rms on which differences or qii.^rrels are fettled. In Grammir, formint; a !en;ence by joining words together, cs p.efixing a particle to a word, toincrea'e, diminifli, or alter its fignification. In Mulic, the att of difpofing notes, fo as to form tunes or airs. la Printing, the ranging feveral tyi-es or letters together to make a page. COMFO'SITlV.E, Adj. formed of feveraj fubftances or qualities; having the power of compounding. C OMFO'SITOR, S. [compojiteur, Fr.] in Printing, the perfon who works at the c.-fe, fr.ts up the forms, and prepares the 'ypes, by arranging them properly therein, forpnnting; s c.ifrman. COMFO'ST, S. a mixture of different foils together, in order to make a manure for alTift- ir.g the natural earth, fo as to mend, im- prove, and render it lUdre fruitful. To COMPOST, V.A. [from the twun] to manure ; to enrich, or improve ground by a mixture of different foils. COMPO'SURE, S. the writing or inditing a work; compofition, or a pioduiflion, applied to books. Arrsngement, m:xtuie, or order ; flame; make; tempeiament ; fcdatenefs. A.^juffment, or reconciliation, applied to diffe- rence or qujrrels. 1 o COMPOU'ND, V. A. [ccm/^oro, Lst ) to mingle feveral ingredients together; to form by uniting fevetal things togeth-r ; to place together in difrcrcnt lights, attitudes, or pof'tions ; to produce ry being united ; to reconcile, or put an end to a difierence or quarrel, by conceflions, or compliance with the demands of an adverfdry J to pay a part of a debt. COM debt, for want of a capacity to difcharge the xVholf, «nd to be cleared, tor that reafpn, from any further demand j to sgree on ceiiaia term* ; to contract. COMPOU'ND, Adj. [from the verb] for- med or produced from feveral ingredients, op- pofed to fitnple. In Graininir, formed by jiijiiinc two or more wordsi COMPOU'NDABLE, Adj. that which may be united together fo as to loitn one mafs ; capable of bei.Tg united. COMPOU'NDER, S. one who endeavours to bring adverfe parties to an agreement ; a reconciler. In the Ur.iverfity, a perfon of fu;er;or rank or fortune, who is aliovved to commute for refider.ce, by paying extraordi- nary fines. To COMPPvEHE'ND, V. A . Iccmtrehendo Lit.j to ciimprife, include, contain, or imply; to have an adequate, clear, and determinate idea of anv cottrine, or propofition COMPREHE'NSIBLE, A.ij. [Fr.] capable of being perUdtly and clearly known. COMPREHE'NSIBLY, Adv. in a large extent 5 apulied to the acceptation of words. COMPREHE'NSION, S. [Fr. ccmprihcn- _/Fo, Lit. J the aft or quality of comprising or c.)ntain':ng ; a fummary compendium, or ab- ftnCi ; capacity, or the power of 'he mind to admit ftfveral ideas at once. COMPREHENSIVE, adj. able to under- ftand many things atoncej comprifing much in a narrow compafs ; exteniive, COMPREHE'NSiVELY, Adv. in a com- pendious or cuncife manner. COMPREHE'NSIVENESS, S, the qua- lity of including much in a narrow compals. To COMPRE'SS, V. A. [comprhno, Lat.] to reduce into a narrower compafs by force ; to fqueeze clofer together. COMPRE'SS, S. [ccmprfftn, I,at.] in Chirur^ery, a bulfter formed of linen cloth, folded in fevera! doubles, laid undera bandage, to prevent a wound from bleeding or fwelling ; or to retain the remedies applied to it. COMPRESSIBI'LITY, S. [from comprejfi- b'e] the qu.Uity at being reduced, by force, into a nairower compafs. COMPRE'SS IDLE, Adj. capable of being reduced by force into a narrower compafs. COMPRF.'SSION, S. [am^refio, Lat.] the adtion of bringing the particles of a body nearcriogether by external farce, an'l thereby decreafing its bulk or dimenfion ; the aft of p-tfTmg tov;e'her. CO.MPRE'SSURE, S. [from comfreff\ the ajft or torie of a body prcfling upon aninher. To CGMPRI'ZE, V. A. [torrfrh, part, of tcniprendre, Fr.] to contain J to include j to comprehend. COMPROBATION, S. [comprohatio Lat.] confiming by a joint teftimony of two • r mute per on«. CO'MPROMISE, S. \(ompr*m<fum, Lat.] COM a niutual promife of one or more pal-tles to ii* fer the determination of a difpute or contro- verfy to the arbitration or decifiin of one or more perfons ; a compaft or bargain, in which fome conceilioris or compliances are made oa each fide. To CO'MPROMISE, V. A. to fettle, or put an end to a difpute or diim by mutual concefTions. COMPROMISSO'RIAL, Adj. relating t* a com promife. To COMPT, V. A, [pronounced fs/zaC, from counter, Fr. coint is the word now in ufel to make an ePimAte; to add up, orfindthft amount of a row of figures in arithmetJc. COMPULSA'TORY, Adj. Icompulfatum, fupine o( ccmpulfo, Lat. J having the pov/er of torcinz a perf«n againft his will. COMPU'LSION. S. [compuljui, Lat.] the aft of forcing a free agent to do or abliain from an aftion, contrary to the pieference of his mind ; a violence or force ; the flate of being compelled. COMPU'LSIVE, Adj. [compuljir, Fr. com- pulfus, Lat.] haviijg the pd.ver to force a per- fon to perform or abftaiii from an aftion j forcible. COMPU/LSIVELY, Adv. in a forcible manner; by com[)ulfion ; bv force. COMPU'LSIVENESS, 'S. the quality of obliging a perfon to perform or abftain from any aft contrarv to his inclination. COMPU'L-SORILY, Adv. in a forcible manner, by force. COMPU'LSORY, Adj. [comfu/fiire, Ft.} having the power of commanding and forcing ube .Hence. COMPU/NCTION, S. [Fr. cmtunith, Lat. J the aft ofciufing a pjin, refenibiing thit of pricking; irritation. In Divinity, an inward grief, caufeJ by a confcioufnefs oi hsr- ing offended God; forrow, anxiety, contri- tion, or rencntance, remorfe. COMPU'NCTIOUS, Adj. [fiom ccmpunc^ tion] forrowful; repentt-nt J full of remorfe J tender. COMPU'NCTIVE, Adj.[compunf}uw, fu- pine of corrpungo. La'. J caufing remorfe; caufirg forrow from a confcioufnefs of guilt. CC'MPUTADLE, Adj. [from compuu} caoable of beine num ii-.rcj or eftimated. COMPUTATION, S. theaft of ellimat- ing or counting the value cf things ; a calcu- lation ; a fum or number found by calculation, or an srithmetlcal procefs. To COMPU'TE, V. A. [computs, Lat.] to find by an arithmetical operation J to efH-. mate, to reckon, tv> count. COMPUTE, S. a reckoning, calculation j the amount or fum total. COMPUTER, S. one who makes calcu- latinos, an accountant. CO'MPUTIST, S. [from (cmf,.,ii] one /killed in numbers, or calcalatioQS. \ R a CO'M- C O 1^ ''ecpt j a phce of retirement from the /ig^t of others ; an hiHing-t^lace. To CONCE'DE, V. A. [corrcedo, Lat.] X<y (;rant, or zdnilt a principle or opinion as true j to let a point pafs »vithout any difpute. COXCE'IT, S. [concept, Fr. canceptur, Lat. j a conception, thought, or idea ; appre- hension; underl^andingj ftrength of imagi- nation ; mere fancy ; a pleafant thought or co-eternalf co-hatlt^ and before the labials A i fhining fenliment ; an opinionative perfuafion, fnd />, it is changed into an «, as in combuj }cra high opinion of a perfon's judgment, whicti tisn, covpsrt\ and before / and w, it afTumes expofes hitn to ridicule; a word of reproach, the fame letter, as in col-leB, com.r,:ute. \Out of conceit luhh,- a phrafe of a perfon'a CON, [an aKbreviation of coma, Lat. I being tired, or no longer being fond of a againft] is ufed to imply an oppMition to any thing CON. CO'MRADE, S. [ramnaJf, Fr. can^erata, I'.M j one who lives in the fame houle ; a per- fon who is jointly concerned wilh another in an undertaking. CON, [Lat. J always joined or prefixed to v.'ords, ngnil'ying rojjf.'/er, as corner}; fomc- times a'ja'irj}, as ccntcr.d; and fometimes fome- thing greJt cr Immerje, as in cotijiagration ; before a vowel or an h, it drops the n, as in motion ; or that a perfon is on the negative £de of a queftion : item, con, for r.im'.r.e contra- Aiccnte, Lat. is ufed to fignify that a motion is paffed without any oppofition. To CON, V. A. to know; to learn per- feaiy. CONCAMERA'TION, S. [cr.y.cameratk, Lat.} an arch, or vault ; any thing formed like an arch. To CONC.VTENATE. V, A. [from eon, together, and catcia, Lat. a chdinj to link together; to join or conneft the paits of any thing, that they /hall have mutual dependence en each other, l;ke the links of a chain. COXCATEN A'TION, S. [from concate- ra.'e] a feries of links. In Philofophy, a ccnneftion of things, which mutually depend on each other, like the links of a chain, • CONCa'VATION, S. [from concave,'] the af-t of fcooping a thing, or making it of a hollow or concave form. . CGNCA-'VE, Adj. {conccmus, Lat.] hol- low, applied to the inner fuface of a circular body, fjch as that of an eggfhell, of an arch, •r a ball, oppofed lo ccn-vex. Empty, with- out any thing to fill the cavity. CONCA'VITY, S. the inner futface of a circular body. CONCA'VO-CONCAVE, Adj. hollow, •r concave on both fides. CONCA'VO-CONVEX, Adj. hollow, or concave on one fide, but convex or protube- rant on the other. CON'CA'VOUS, Ad. holio\» without aT- gles, applied to the inward furface of a round bodv. CONCA'VOUSLY, Adv. refemqling the lio'low of the inner forfsce of a round body. To CO'NCEAL, V. A. [ccn ?.nd cdo, Lat.] to hide ct- keep any thing from the fight or Jcnowledpc of others ; to cover ; to keep fecret, CONCEA'LABLE, Adj. cap.ible of being Icept from the fight or knowledge of others ; poflible to be kept ffcret. CONCEA'LEDNESS, S. the ftate of be- ing hid or kept from the fight cr knowledge •f others. CONCE.^'LMENT, S. [from a^ncca/] the tft cf hiding from the knowledge, or light •1 otheiBj the ftate of bsing hid or kept 7 To CONCE'IT, V. A. [from the noun] to fancy ; to imagine ; to think, generally implying an opinion that has not the fan£liors of reafon. CCNCE'ITED, Part, of a ftrong imagina- tion ; proud; or entertaining loo high an opi- nion of one's abilities. CONCE/ITEDLY, Adv. in a fcornful, cr whimfical manner; in a manner which dif- covers too high an opinion, or too great a fond- nefs, in a perl'on ot his own parts, CONCL'lTEUNESS.S.opiniatedfondnefs. CONCE'IVAHLE, Adj. that of which a perfon can form fome idea; that which may be underftoad nr believed. CONCE'iVABLENESS, S. the quality of being apprehenr'ed bv the mind. COIv'CF.'IVABLY, Adv. in an intelligible manner ; in fuch a manner as to be appie- hended bv the mind. To CONCE'IVE, V. A. [concfvcir, Fr.] to be formed in the womb; to form in the mind-> to im»eine ; to form an idea of; to apprehen.f. To CONCE'NTRATE, V. A. [from «» and centrum, Lat. J to drive inwards, or to- wards the center ; to drive into a narrow tompafs; to condenfe, CONCENTRA'TION, S. forcing into • narrow com pafs, or driving towards the center; the highefl degree of mixture, whereby two or more particles touch by a reception, or forcing one within the other. To CONCE'NTRE, N. V. [ccncentrc, Fr.] to tend towards the fame, cr towards one common centre. Ailively, to emit towards one centre. CONCE'NTRTC,or CONCE'NTRIC AL, Adj. h.iving one commo.T centre. CONCE'PTACLE, S. [conctptaculunt, Lat.] that in which any thing is contained j a refervorr. CONCE'PTIBLE, Adj. that which may be apprehended or underftood ; intelligible. CONCfiP'TION, S. [conctpih, Lat.] the a£\ of conceiving or becoming pregnant ; the ftate of being conceived ; notion ; apprehen- fion ; idea. Sententious cr pointed thoughts, applied to ftile. Sentiane/jt ; purpofe. CONCEP'TIOUS, Adj. [tcnceptum, Lat.} apt IV coiiCeire or kctome orejaant ; fri»itful. Tr CON To CCrNCF'RN, V. A. [conarmr, Fr. corcerr.o, low Lat,] to relate, or belong to j to aft'tfifl with fofre paflion ; to make uneafy, or forrowful ; to b? of importance to ; to he in- tufted or commifiioncd to adt for a perfon^ wfed w!thy»r. CONCE'RNT, S. [from the vsrbj bufinefs; circiimftanccs; engagement j ir.tereil j isipor-. tance. CONCE'RNING, Prep. [Trom concern ; concernant, Fr. though origi:ial!y a participt'-, h-is the force of a prepofition before a notinj about j of j relating to ; with rcla*'on to. CONCE'RNMENT, S. the thing in which a perfon is interefteii j an affair ; bufinefs ; in- fluence ; relation ; importance ; the engaging cr taking part in an affair j paffion ; emotion of mind. To CO'NCERT, V. A. [coticnur, Fr.] to take meafure v-'ith another to bring a de.ign to yals ; to contrive. CO'NCERT, S. a communication of de- figns ; an eflablifh-ment of me.ifures to be pur- filed by perfons engaged in one defign. in Mufic, a number otmuficians and fingers per- forming the fume piece. CON CERT A'TJON.. S. {corcertaUo, Lat.] iliife, conteft, or contention. CONCE'RTATIVE, Adj. Iconcertativus, Lat.l Qiiarrelfome ; contentious. CONCE'SS;ON, S. [conctffio, Lat.] an ad of granting or yeiijing j the thing granted or yielded. COi^CE'SSIONARY, Adj. given by indul- gence, by allowance, or purely to terminate a difpu'e. CO'NCESSlVELy, Adv. by way of con-' celTion. CO'NCHA.S. [L^t] in Anatomy, the fe- cond or inward cavity of the auiicle or external ear. CO'NCHORD, S. in Geometry, a curve line always approjching nearer a ftraight line, to which it is inclined, but never meets it. To CONCrUATE, V. A. [concUioy Lst.] to gain ; to procure affeftion 5 to reconcile. CONCl'LIATION, .S. {from concUriatum, Lat.] the adl of procuring efteem j or recon- ciling. CONCILIA'TGR, S. [Lat.] one who makes peace between patties at variance j a reconciler. CONCI'LIATORY, Adj. relating to re- conciliation. CONCINNI'TY, S. [concwnltat, Lat.] de- cency ; fitnefs, CONCINN'OUS, Adj. [corcwr.us, Lat,] comely; becoming; pleafant ; agreeable. CO'NCISE, Adj. \c»n(ijui, Lat.] Ihort ; brief. CONCl'SELY, Adv. in a brief, or (hort manner; in a few words. CONCrSENF.SS.S. brevity ; fhortnefs CON (COrJOIT.AnriON, S. [ar.c-.t.ulc, Lat.] the a£l of exciting ; agitation ; or felting into a ferment or commotion. CONCLA'VE, S. {conclave, Lat.] a private or inner apartment ; the pl.ice wherein the e!efli')ii is held for a pepe ; a meeting or aflem- hly of all the cardinals th.n are at Rome for the election of a pope; a clofe or private aflem- bly. To CONXLU/DE, V. A. {condudo, Lat.] to draw as a conclufioa or infcieiue fr'>rn cer- tain permifes ; to infer ; to judge, or deter- mine ; to end, or fini(h ; to co:n;)l-^ic a penoJ, applied to time; to ac'.cnowleige as truth, or fufnciently proved. CONCLU'DENT, Part. [oncIiiJefH, Lat. J decifive ; following by direil confequence ; conleau-nt;?.!. CONCLU'SIBLE, Adj. [ccrclnfis, Lat.] following as a confequencs from certain prin- ciples ; to be inferred. CONCLU'SION, S. [<:(3nJ«/o,Lat.]_deter- minjtion, or putting an end to an afiiir or tranfattion : an opinion formed from experi- ence, or fruin a coliiftio-i of propofuions ; the event of experiments. CONCLU'SiVE, Adj. [coticlufum, Lit.] decifive, or that which puts an end to any conteft ; that ii) which the conclufion follov/s, according to the rules of logic. CONCLU'SIVELY, Adv. in a determi- nate, pcfitiv.f, peremptory raanner. CONCLU'SIVENESS, S. the power of gaining affent, or forcing^ conviction ; regular confequence ; or following from any premifeSp according to the rules of logic. To CONCOA'GULATE, V. A. [frona con and co/i^u/ate] to curdle feveral things at the fame cune, followed by iv'ith. " Concotf^ gulMCci ivitbthetn.^' Beyle. CONCOAGULA'J ION, S. a coagulation of curdling, by which feveral bodies are join- «d in one mafs. To CON'COCT, V. A. [corc.oua, Lat.] in Medicine, to digeft in the fto.nacH, fo 9s to form into chyle; to putrify j to bcighteti the quality of a thing by hsat. CONCO'CTION, S. [concoSilo, Lat.] i« Medicine, the change vviih the food under- goes in the flomach cie it be cr)a/5rtcd into chyle ; niaturatioii, or hei tightening the powers or qualities of a thicg by heat. CONCO'MITANCE, or CONCO'MI- TANCY, S. [cGncomUaniy Lat.J united to; attending ; infeparaiile from ; accorioanying. CONCO'MITAN r, S. a companion ; an attendant. CONCO'MITANTLY, Adv. accompany- ing ; in the manner of an attendant. ToCONCO'MlTATE, V. A. [c.tmtrl- tatut. Lit.] to attend ; to be joinco lui.i'fl- lablv with another. CONCORD, S. [aitcordui, Lat.] agrcc- CONCI'SION, S. [fjnfi/iij, Lat. J cuttinfl ment between perfons and tbir,gs ; tlie fuit- offj total deftrudion, ' ' dbleiiCftofonethingtoanolhsr jpe^ice, uniofl, R 3 oc CON or wutual kindnefs. In Grammar, that part wherein words are made to agree in num- ber, petfon, and gender, &c. In Mufic, the lelation of two founds that are always agree- ablp to the ear, whether applied in fi/cceflion pr confonance. CON CO'R DANCE, S. [corcordanthMi] sr. agreement j a didtionary tothe Holy Sc;ip- tures, wherein all the words are ranged alpha- betically, and the various places where they Ccci.r referred to. CONCP'fiDAWT, Part, agreeing with ; ponf.ftent with ; correfpondent-. In Mufic, fonfifling of ceacords or harmonies. CONCO'RDATE, S, [cc»co,Jat, Fr.] a (compaflj convention ; or a fociety held to- gether by a common difcipline, or ftatutes. • To CONCO'RPORATE, V. A. to unite, )5lend, cr mix feveral things together, fo as to JForm one m?.fs, fyftem, &c. CONCOU'RSE, S. a crowd, or feveral perfons affemhled together in one place ; the point wherein two bodies meet together ; the force or aflion with which two or mpie bo- dies meet together. CON'CREi'.^ENT, S. ffrom co^cnfco, J^at. to grow together] a mafs formed by foncretion j a colleftion ofmatter growing to- gether. CONCRE'SCENCE, S. [cencrffcuKs, Lat.J the a£l or quality of growing by the union of fevera! p-rticlts. ■ To CO>ICRE'TE, V. A. to form from an ynion of feveral particles or bodies ; to unite feveral maffes or particles into one body- Nen- tcrly, to coajefce, cohere, or join together, fo as tp form one mafs CON COKCRE.'TURE, S. a mafj formed by (he cohefion of feveral particles. CONCU'BINAGE, S. [Fr. concul^lnatus, Lat.j the aft of living or cohabi'.ing with a woman, as a wife, without being married. CONC'U'Bi'NE,S.[cSKcubina,LiZ. {lom cor, tnpether, and cumlio to lie] a woman who i< kept by a man, and lives with him, thou^i) not married to him ; a kept rniftrefs. CONCU'FISCENCE, S. [ccticupifcentia, La^.j an inordinate de.lre of women j leache- ry ; luft. CONCUPISCENT, Part, [c/incupi/.-ns, Lat.j leacheious ; luftiul ; having an immo- derate dcfire alter v.omen j or it) iiregular ap- petite after carnal thiriss. CONCUPJSCE'NTIAL, Adj. relating to concupifcence, or having an irregular (lefwe either after wnmcn, or carnal things. CONCUr'JSCICLE, Adj. [cancupifdhiUs, Lat.J ihat which may be defwed j that which raifes, excites, or exterts defire. To CGNCU'R, V. N. [from ancurra, Lat.J to meet together ; to join in one a<rkio» or dcfign, applied to feveral perfons; to unite wiih ; to be conjoined with j to contribute to the effefiing one common event or d< fign. CONCU'RRENCE, or CON'Cl'RREN- CY, S. afiidance j union; conjunction; united effort to promote any defign ; agreement in any opinion or feniiment. CONCU'RRENT, Part, [ccncunem, Lat.J rfifling in conjunftiun or together j promoting the fame defitn. CONCU'RRENT, S. that which contri- butes to the petfofmance of a defign CONCU'bSlON', S. [covcujjio, Lat.j the CONCRE'TE, Adj. formed by the union j aft of putting a thing into violent motion j prcohtfion of feveral particles or fubftances In Logic, a corciete ttrm is that which, while It expri-iTes the quality, expredes, iiriplics, or refers to fome fuhjeft or fubftance in which it inheres, and is generally the fame as a noun adje^ive in gr.'mmari CO^rCRE•'TE, S. an afTemblage or mix- ture ; a boiiy or mafs compofed of feveral par ticle-i or principles. CONCRE'TEty, Adv. in fuch a manner as to include rhe fublbnce with the quality. ' CONCRE'TENESS, S. curdling, coagu- Jalion ; or the gathering feyeral fluids into a folid malV. CONCRE'TION, S. the aft whereby afoft body becomes hard, or the particles of 6 iluid becom.e5 fixed, fo »s not to yield to ihc touch; the coalition, or uniting of feveral particUs io as to form one mafs. Figuratively the maft- formed by a coheiion or coalition o; feveral oaiticles. CONCRETIVE, Adj. that which has the power of uniting feveral panicles lopeihcr, fo as to form one mafs; that which hss the pcw pr 01 turning a fluid into a foiid ; lh.U whicli has the power rf producing coagulation, «r the furdling of a Huid body. ihaking ; agitation. CONCU'SSiVE, Adj. [oncuffui, Lat.J that which as the pov.xr or quality of Ihak- ing. To CONDE'MN, V. A. {condemm, Lat. condcmritr , Fr.J to pais fentence ag^inft a per- fon, whereby he is fubjeft to punifhment ; to cenfure, blame, or find fault with. CONDETvlN.ABLE, Adj. that which may be blamed, found f.;ult with, or is fubjedl to the fentence of a judge. CONDEMN.VT10N,S.[<rWfw«an:),L?.t.J pafling or pronouncing fentence againlf a per- fon, whereby he is fubjeft to punifhmefl' or penalty, either in rcfpeft to perfun, fortune, or life. Figuratively, the blaming or declaring a oillike of a perfon or thing j the ftate of a perfon on whom fentence has been pafled. CONDE'MNATORY, Arfj. having the f>..rce of condemning or fubjefting a pcr.'bn to punifhment. CONDE'MNER, S, the perfon who ron- dems, renfurcs, bKtrnes, or finds fault with. CONi:)E'N.SABLE, Adj. that which is capable of being made more folid or forced into a f[n,il!t.r romp.ils. To CONDE'NSATE, V. A. {("ndm^ 4 La;.j CON Lat.] to make more folid or thick, by com- preflion or fores, ?i4il;ed to fl'jids, CONDE'N'SATE, adj. made thicker or more lolid by ccmpreffion, or external force. CONDENSA'TION, S. [from c-.nt!enfate'] the aft of bringing the parts of a booy ciolcr to each ^ther, and incrcaling their c.ntacl, whereby the body is rendered more den!e, compact, and heavy. To CONDE'NSE, V. A. [condenfo, Lat.j to make any body more thick, compad, or weighty, by increafing the contact ot its par- ticles ; applied by fome only ro the eficct of cold, but bv others ufed for comprcffiyi-., or the efi'efls of external force, which dimin;i]i- e« the fize of the pores of a body, and rendcis it, con'equcntlT, more folid. Neuieily, lo grow thick, applied to the eft'efls of cold on fluids ; to become folid and weiglny, by fhr.nkinj! to a narrower compafs. CONDE'NSE, Adj. thickened ; clofc ; compad , become more folid by the e-ftetl ot cold, or coi ipreflion. CONDE'NSER, S. a pneumatic engine, by ireans of which an uniifual quantity of air may be forced into a fmall fpace, or by which three, four, or five atmofpheres may be injeftcd more than a thing would contain naturally. CONDE'NSITY, S. the (late of a fluid, whoft; paits are fixed fo as not to give way to the touth, by cohi, coagulation, or compreffion. Thicknc'.s, applied to confidence. CO'NDERS, S. perfons who ftand on fome eminence to give notice to fifliers which way a ftioal of herrines take. See BALKERS. To CONDESCE'ND, V. N. [crMdejundre, Fr. CJiidej.-etuPj, Lar.J to lay afide the dignity ot rank, in o der to make one's fell' agreeable to, or on a level with, inferiors ; to behave with familiarity ^>^ infeuors. CONDESCE-'NDENCE, S. [con'efcen- ^ance, Fr.J an aft whc'eby a perfon in autho *rity lays afide the diftertnce of rank in Older toconverfe freely %vith his inferiors ; a grant- ing (».me favour to a perfon, or cor.fcnting to yield him fome advantage, which he could not demanil. CONDESCE'NDINGLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to lay afide the claims of authority and dignity j or to yield up a right, or confcnt to a requeft, from a principle ot good nature and generofitv. CONUESCE'NSION, S. the behaviour of a fuperior, whereby he treats one of lower rank as his eq'ial, and grants hi.ii favours he cannot demand. CONUESCE'NSIVE, Adj. courteous ; treating inferiors without diftante; afVabie, jnci ready lo ferve or grant any favour, or forego a ri^ht, to ferve or oblige another. CONDI'GN, Adj. [condignus, Lat.] wor- thy ; fuitable to ; merited j deferved ; or pro- portionable to J generally applied to the pu- nirameni due to a perfon for his u'lvzzi. CON CONDI'GNLY, Adv. in a mi*ner fuiu- ble to a perfof.'s crimes 5 defcrvedly. COND.'GNNEiS, S. p.opoition ; fuitj- blenels to s urrfon's crimes. To CONDi'TE, V. A. [condio, Lar.] to pre(t-tve or oickle. CONDi'TION, S. [Fr. conditio, Lit.] a quality or property which determines the na- ture of a thing ; an attribute or accidenr, in a logical fcnfe ; hubit or terpperaroie. " Tr.e impel fcftion of long «ngrafted condttkn." i'tak. A moral quality or virtue ; ftate, or the cir- cumftance of peifon or fortune; rank j the ti-rms of any conuaif^, barga n, or agreement. F gurativcly, a wiidng coiilair.ing the term* of an agrciiiTient. To CONDI'TION, V,N. to make terms. CONDi'TIONAL, Adj. to be performed on certain terms, not abfolute tut fubjecl t<i certain limitation^. CONDITIONALLY, Adv. on ce;t?in terms or Imit :tiiir.s. CONDi'TION '^.RY, My {^ipuhted; bar- gained ; to be done as a me.ins of acquiring any thinp. To CONDI'TJONATE, V. A. to make conditions for ; to regulate by, or peilorm on certain condi'ions, CONDi'J'lONATE, Adj. eftablifhed and grounded O'l certain terms and conditions. CONDITIONED, Fart, [from cor.ditior^ having qualities either good or bad. To CONDO'I.E, V. N. [condoleo Ljt.J to lament wi'h thofe who grieve for any mile- ry, misfortune, or calamity. Aftively, to be- wail a misfortune with another. CONDO'LEMENT, S grief; forrow ; mourninn for any lots or misfor une. CONDO'LENCE, S. a fympaihizinp grief arifing from the misfortunesof >nother, wliich (.'xpreilbi itfelf by lamenting with the perfon in dillrcfs CONDO'LER, S. one who expielKs a complimcntjl concern for the fonow of an- other, and the caufc which occafions it. CO'NDOR, S [Span.j in Natural Hif- tory. a fowl of that magnitude, ftrength, and appetite, as to leize not only on the iTicep, and lelTer cattle, but even the larger Oealls, apd children. To CON'DUCE, V, N. [condm, Lat.j to promote an end liy afting conjointlv. CONDU'CIBLE. Adj. [comiuahtll, ,L-it.] having a power ot conducing to, or promoting a defign. Uied for two or morecaufes operat- ing to one end. CONDU'CIVE, Adj. that which has a tendency, power, or qujlity to promote or pro- duce any end. CONDU'CIVENESS, S. the quality of promoting or contriouting to tlie produftion of f"me end. CONDU'CT, S. [conduit, Fr.] man.ige- ment, or tenor of aftions ; tne aft of com- mandini an army 5 cinvoy or efcorti'.^, with a K 4 gu.ird i CON fusrJ; the guard convoying, fecur'ng, or ef-! cor'ing; a warrant by which a convey is ap- pointed behaviour, or a feries of adions re- gulated by fome ftandard. To CpNDU'CT, V. A. to accompany a perlon in order to fhew him his way to any place 5 to dire£l, lead or guide j to u{her, cr introouce; to manage; to head an army, or coma'an.i a body of troops. CONDUCTl'TIOUS, Adj. [ccnduait-ut, Ljt.J hiiedj employed J or fetving for mc» Jiey. CONDU'CTOR, S. [L»t.] a £uide, or one who (hews another !iis way ; a k.ider or corrinander } a manager ; or one who tranfaft; an an'air. CONDU'CTRESS, S. a woman \vho di- refis or leads a perlon, or carries on any un- dertdkinc CONDUi'T, S. [Fr. prcnonnced curJlt'] a canal, or pipes made ul'e cf for the conveyance of wafer at a diftance fiom the refervoir, or ipring-head ; an aquedu£l ; a place furniHiei with a cock, whence people are publicly fup- plied with water. CONE, S. [cotiu$, hit. xa'vcf, Gr.] in Geometry, a folid body, whofe bafe is a circle, its uppermoft pitrt ending in a point ; it refem- bles a fug3r loaf, and may be conceived as formed by the revolution of a triangle on one of Its fides, as on an axis. To CONFA'BULATE, V. N. to talk eafi ly, and with careLfihel's together; to chat with a perfoR. CONFABULA'TION, S. [confihulaih, Lat.j eafy, familiar, carelefs, chearful talk with a petfmn. CONFABULA'TORY, Adj. [from cst:- fabulafus, Lat.j belonging to entertaining and careJefs converfation. To CONFE/CT, V. A. {ocvfch, Lat.] to preicrve fruit, &c with fugar. CONFE'CT, S. [from the verb] a fweet- mcat. CONFE'CTION, S, the prefe-ving fruit cr vegetables, by means of clarified fug.ir. In Pharmacy, any thing prepared with fugar j a liquid cr 'oFt eleftuary; the alfembldge or tnion of difterenr ingredienis. CONFEC/TIONARV, S. a place where ele^iant food from different ingredients is made, cr fruits are prefervcd. CONFE'CTIONER, S. one who makes and fells fweetmeatt. CGNFE/DER ACY, S. IccfceJeiafw, Lat.j a league, contract, or agreement, entered in- to by feveral flates or bodies of men for their mutual advan-aep and defence. To CONFE'DERATE, V. A. [ccrfede- rer, Fr. from con inAfa'deratus, Lat.] -.o unite in a league, or agree with, in oidcr to accom- plifh fome defign. CONFE'DERATE, Adj. [«« %r\if(edera- f-js, Lat.] leagued, or united by fome contract fo accbaiclifh lome def'S!'. CON CONFE'DERATE, S. [See the adjcaiveT one who enters iiiio an engagement with anoT iher, whereby they are obliged mutually to af- fift and defend each other ; an aliy. CONFEDER'ATION, S. [Fr] a league j an aiSt whereby two or more perfons obligd themfeIvf-5 to afTift each oiher ; an alliance. To CONFE'R, V. N. fcdfiro, Lat. coii- ftrer, Fr.] to difcourfe wiih a perlon on fome imfortanr, grave, and ft.ited fubis<?c ; to talk with a perfon on any fubjecl, in o'der tocome to a de'ermination. Actively, to compare ths fentirr.ents of one per.''on or au:hcr with th >fe of another ; to give a thing which could not be claimed ; to bertow a favour ; to contribute cr conduce, ufeJ witW to, CO'NFERENCE, S. [cor^firence, Fr. con- fcrer.i, Lat.] the act ot difcourfing with ano- ther, in order to fettle forr.e point in difpute, or tre.u upon any fubjefl in a publicchatatler \ a meeting appointed fnr the ditcufling of fome point in debate ; comparjfon, or examination of thints bv comparing thtm together. CONFERR'ER, S. he that dilcourfes with another on fome {lj(cd point j he thatbeftows a favour on another. ToCONFE'SS, V. A. {cofifejjer, Fr.] to acknowledge the having donefomethingamifs. " Corfffs thee fieily if thy crime." Shai. To difclofe a perl en's fins to a prieft, in order to obtain abfolufion ; to own, uf-^d as introduc- tory to a fentence, in otJer lo obviate any in- vidious remark. " I muft confejs I was moft pleafed." Aidif. CONFESSE'DLY, Adv. in foch a manner as muft extort univerfjl confeut j generally owned ; avowedly ; indifputably. CONFE'SSION, S. the acknowledgment, or owning a crime. In the Romifh church, an acknowledgment of fins in private to a priei>, in order to obtain abfolution. COMFE'S.SIONAL, S. [Fr.] in the Ro- mifh church, a little bnx or defk, wherein the prieft takes 'he confeffion of a penitent. CONFE'SSIONARY, S. [corfcfior.m'n:, Fr.] theconftfTion chair or fe^t, wherein the priefl fits to receive tiie confeflii/n of a peni- tent. CONFE'SSOR, or CONFE'SSOUR, S. [confejfiiir, Fr.] one who proftfTes a religious ientiment or opinion inthe face of danger, and amidft the mcft cruel tortures. In the Romifii church, a prieft, who is authorized to receive the confeffions of penitents, and grant them abfolution ; the penitent wha profelTes hi» crimes either to God, or to a prieft. CONFE'ST, Adj. [a ponical word for toiift-ffid] open ; generally known ; acknow- ledged, in a good fenfe. Notorious, in a bad feufe. CONFICIENT, Part, [co'ifa'tns, Lat.] caufing or producing in company with fome other perfon or thing. CO'NFIDANT, S. [w/<.W, Fr.] a per- lon intrufted with the fecrcts of another; moft commonly G O N jromrr.only applied to thofe who are intrufted' yiilh ihe affairs of lovers. To CONFI'DE, V. N. [corff.h, Lat.l to truft in, implying a ftrong perfuadon ot- al fuiance of a perfon's abilities toafiiil another, or his fidelity in keeping a fecret. CO'NFIDEN'CE, S. \corfid:itla, Lat.] a flrop§ .ifl'urance cf the fidelity and ability of another. When joined to the reciprocal pro- nouns bsrr.fe'f, &;c. a llrong aliurance c,i' the efficacy of a perfon's own ab'iities; a vitious and .i(Tuming tn>ldners. Figuratively, the caufe of boldnefs, or conlciout integrity ; a freedom ot accelf, void or the difcourjging terror oi guilt, and animited with the chearing hcp^s of acceptance and approbarion. CO'Nr IDENT, Fart, \nvfidens, Lat.] af- fu-ed or convinced of a tiutli beyond any pufTl- bili:y of doubt j pofitive j fecure of futcefsj without (car of milcariiage or difippointmeiil j without fufpicion ; bold to a vice, implying too great an opinion of a ptrfcn's own abilities, and undertaking any dangers in confequence of fuch a perfiijficn ; isnpiujent. CO'NFIDEN TLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 0S to diicover no feor of a mifcarriage 3 fecure- Jy ; poluivelv. CON'rlDENTNESS, S. a favourable opi- nion ot one's own judgment, including pofi- tivenefs, with its confequences ; .ifl'iirance. CONflGUR ACTION, S. [Fr.] the order in which the particles of bodies aie united to- gether ; the form of a body made by the order in which its p.irticles are united together. In Aftrology, a certai.i fituation of the planets in tne zodiac, whereby they are fuppofed mutu- ally to aftefl and affift each other in bringing about fome event. To CONFi'GURE, ["rom con 3n.]JIgura, Ljt.J to difpofe Or form by uniting in a par- ticular manner. CONFl'NE, S. a limit ; border ; edge ; or U^moft verge ot a thing or place. CONFl'NE, A.!j. \corfms, Lat.] border- irg upon, applied to places ; it implies that ihe one begins where the other ends. Touth ing; aHif)inipg; or contiguous. To to Nf'i'NE, V. N. to border upon ; to touch ; Or b; contiguous to. To CONFINE, V. A. [cofiKtr, Fr.] to bound j to li.T.it ; to inclofc ; to ihut up ; to reftrain ; to impnion ; to immure; 10 keep at ho;ije 5 to reflrairi 5 not to quir, or neiileil. CONFI'NELESS, Adj. boundlcfi ; with- out liTilis, end. Or pau e. CONFINEMENT, S. the aft of reftrain 5ng a perfon from going abroad ; the act ot inclof.ng a perfon in prifun ; the ftate of a perfon in prifon, or kept at home without li- berty of g'linir abroad ; reftraint. CONiI'.NLR, S. a perfon "ho lives at the extremity, or on tlie borders cf a country ; one G O N CONFI'NITY, S. [crjr.Jimtas, Lat,] near- nefs ; neighbo'irh'iod 5 likenefs. To CONFl/RM, V. A. [confrmo, Lat.] to ftrengthen a proof, by producing more argu- ments for it; to put [beyond doubt, by addi- tional proofs; to fe.tlc a perfon in an office ; to complete ; to render perfedl ; to admit to ihe (uii privileges cf a L'arillian by impofition of the hands of a bifhop, CONU'RMABLE, Adj. that which is capable of being made evident and indubitable by tun her proofs and evidence. CONFIRMA'TION, S. the a£l of efla- blifniiig any perTon in a place ot office , aa ijditional or new pr<iot 10 tviiic:e the truth ot a thing or opinion beyond doubt or con- tradidlion ; a proof which brings conviction j an ecclefianic rite whereby a perfon, airivcl 10 years of difcretion, undertakes the per- formance of every part of the biptifmal vow made for him by his godfathers and god- mothers. CONFIRMA'TOR, S. \_cor>firmo, Lat.] one who proves a thing beyond doubt. CONFIR/MaTORY, Adj. eftibliHiing oe giving fuch additional proof, as may incrj ifa the certainty or probability of any f<i£l or adtion. C0NFIR'MEDNESS,S. a quality implying certainty, when applied to evidence ; and in- veteracy or ftreng'h, not eafily to be furmount- ed, ivhcn ufed of habits. CONii'RMER,'S. one who caabli/hes as opinion or fa£l by new evidence or proor'sj one who eftabliflits or fecurcs a perfon in the j;olVc-iTion of any dignity. CONFl'SCABLE, A,'j. [from cwfjcatum^ Lat.] liable to be fciz^d on as a iinZy or xx punilliment for ^dxa^ crime. To CONFISCATE, V. A. {c»nfi^catun, Lat.] to feizeon private property, and convert It, either to the ufeof the chief magiftr^tc, ot ot the public, by way of punifhment. CONFISCATION, S. [coHffiatio. L-t.] the fi:izing of private property, on atCLiunt of fome crime, and converting it to the ufeof the chief ma»iflraie, or of the public. CONFITURE, S. [Fr. from eonficlara^ Lit. j a Iwcctmeat, or confedlion^ COMILA'GRANT, Part, [c^r/l.tt^ranu Lat. J burning together j involved in the fame fire. CONFLAGRATION, S. [cytfa^raHt, Lat. J a general fire fprcading over a large fpace, anl involving feveral thing! \m 'y.% (l..mis. Generally ufeJ for that (ire which iliall cnnfuone all ttiings, and change the face of nature. CONFLVTiON, S. the a£t of blowirr; ,ftfv;;ial wind-in.'lr-.jrr.cnts at the fame time ; ihs (.ailing and nieltins of meial. To CO/NFLICr, V. N. [tsnj'.icij, Lat.J to ftriveor ftruggie in order to get victory, ap- VkhodefMives another of ihe liberty of walking plied, to perlyr.s and things, abioa ', orfiiutbhimup i,-i aprifonj aneighbour. CONFLICT, S. [corJl-Hus, Lst.j a cotn- lat. CON \it, or fight betwf en two, feldcm ufed of t gener,,l hatlej a conteft or ftrife ; a ftruggle between oppohte qualities ; an agony or pang, therein nature fecms to ftruggle hard againl^ fiiffcrinp and pain, CONFLU'ENCE, S. [c<>-,fluintla, low Lat.] an anning of two or more ftreanis or rivers j the adtot croudin^ or loming in great num- bers to oi,e place; a concoBrl'e or a tnnkitude fathered intootie place, CONFLU'ENT, Part, \corfuens, part, of cctjluif, Lac.J running one into anoiiier, mcet- i"g, or mixing together. CO NFLUX, S. [conjiuxum, fupine of «n- ^iio, Lat.j ihc uniting or union of feveral flreanis or rivers. Figuratively, a crowd; a great number of perlons colle£^ed together. CONFO'RM, S. [A6u confirntatus, Lat. J afluniing the fanoe form or quaiitv as another: like. ToCONF^ORM, V, A. [confcrmo, Lzu] to reduce to the fime form or manner as an- other ; to render ong's aftions agreeable to any particular rule; t» fubmit or yield obe- cience to. CONFO'RMABLE, Adj. hav'^gthe fame foim; agreeing with fomc ftandard or law ; coniplMiit or fnhmiffive to authority. CONFO'RMABLY, Adj. agreeably; in a manner condftent with feme law or ftandard ; fuitaHy ; with compliance, CONFORM'ATION, S. [Fr. eortforma- iw, Lat.j the p.rticuar union or order of the parts ot a body, and their difpofition to m<ike a whole; the refemhlonce or agreement ot actions to Come ftanlard or law. C0NF0'RM;ST, S. one who complies wirh the mode of worihip ufed by the church^ of EnjLnd. CONFO'RMITY, S. ffrom conform] like- nels; refemblance; the 3dt of regulating one's aftions to fome law ; confillency ; compliance with the worfhip of the e.labliflied church. To CONFOU'ND, V. A. [co^fondre, Fr. con/undo, Lat.j to mingle or mix thing«, fo that their forms or natures cannot be oiftin- guifiied ; to fubftitute or make ufe of one v-ord for another, which conveys dift«rent ideas; to puzzle or perplex the mind by in- diftinift ideas, or words ufed in an indetermi- nate manner ; to amaze, aftonifh, and render pnable to reply ; to delVrriy. CONFOU'NDED, P...r;. hateful ; prodi gious ; a low woid, to txprtfs any thing in the I'uperlative decree. CONFOU'NDEDLY, Adv. Shamefully; batefuJIy; a low, word, CONFOU'NDER, S. one who petplexes, aftonifh.s or deflrnv<:. CONFRATE'RNITY, S. [ronfrattmifai, I>»t.J a brotherhood ; or body of men uniied for fome religious purpofc. CONFRICA'TION, S. \con 3nd/r;V9,Lat.l the act of iub;iing. To CONTRO'NT, V. A. [«"/r£>».'«r, CON Fr.] to ftand direftly oppofite to; to ftand face to face ; to oppofe; to fet in oppofitionj to contraft ; to compare one thing with an- other. CONFRONTATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of oppofi^g one evidence to another. ToCONFU'SE, V. A. [cotifujui, Lat.] to put in diforder; to make irregular; to per- plex by indiftin£t ideas, or by uting words without any determinate fignification. CONiU'SEDLY, Adv. in an indiftinft m?niiei'; mixed, oppofed to feparate ; per- plexed, or not clear ; without any order; ill obfcure, indiftinifl. or unintelligible terms. CONFU'SEDNESS, S. want of diftinanefj or clearnefs ; want of order or regularity, CONrU'SION, S, an irregular, carelefs, or Ciiforderly mixture; the ufing words with- out any precife meaning; want of diflinftion and clearnefs, CONFU'TABLE, Adj. that which may be ilif.wn to be falfe or proundlefs, CONFUTA'TiOiM, S. [covfutatia, Lat.] the aft of dellroying the ar^iuments ot another, by fnewiog them to be falfe, inconclufive, or g'Oundlcfs ToCONFU-TE, V. A. [corfuto, Lat.] to deftroy the force of an argument ; to fhew the proofs of an adverfary to be groandlefs, incon- clufive, fcDhiflical, or falfe. CON'GE, S. [Fr.J an aaion ftewing re- fpeft, conipiiment, or fubmliTiun, confifting in bowing the body in men; and in women, in finking with the knee bent, or making a courtefy ; leave, or the aftion of taking leave. In Archiieftnre,a moiildingin form of a quar- ter round, or a cavetto, ferving to feparate two members. Gorge de lire, Fr. i. e. leave of elec- tion, in Canon law, is the King's perniiffion to a dean and ch>pter to chnofe a bi&op, w hen the fee is vacant. To CONGE'.iL, V. A. [conieh, Laf.] to change or thicken a fluid by cold, figura- tively, to thicken any fluid applied generally to the bloorl. Neuterly, to grow thick. CONGL'ALABLE, Artj. that which may grow thick by cold. CONGE'aLMENT, S. the clot, or thick inafs lormed by cold. CONGELA'TION, S. the »& of freezing, or producing I'uch a change in a fluid body, that It grows thick, or its particles beco.me f.-if..', like thofe of a folid bo.ly. CONG E'NEROUS.A-n. of the fame genu* or fpecies ; arifing from the fame principle ; oroceedini frorn the lame caufe. Ufed only by fcien ific writer?. CONCL/NIAL, Adj. Crcm con and ginus, Lat.j partaking of the fame genus, of the fame nature, liilpodtinn, or kind. CONGI'NIA'LITY, S. a partaking of the fame genus, nature, or tlilpofuion. CONGENIA'LNLSS, S. a lamenefs of. dif- pofiuon, CO'NGER, CON CO'NGER, S [coK^ru}, Lat.] a large eel, fiequenting fait waters. CONCE'RIES, S. a mafs confifting of fenaller bodies heaped together. CONGI/S TIBLE, Adj. that which may be heaped together. CONGE'STION, S. \conpefi:o, Lat.] in Surgery, a col'sflion of matter gatheied to gether in any part of the body. CONGI'ARY, S. a pift oiftribuied by the Rv)m..n e.xpero/s, condfling of corn and oil. Amonj AliiJalifts, a gift or ptcfent lepiefented en niedai'. To CONGL.A'CI.^TE, V. N. [congfada tin, Lat.J to turn to ice. CONGLACIA'TiON, S. the changing jntoice; the (late of a thing changed into ice ; vitrifving, or tutr.ing into gljfs. To CONGLQ/BATE, V. A. langLbare, Lat. to unite into the form of a globe or ball. CONGLO'B.^TE, P rt. [Mfig/obatusM^.'] iroulled into « \i^]\. CONGLO'BATELY, Adv. in a globular round, or fphtrica) form. To CONGLO'BE, V. A. \congl)bn, Lat] to gather into a hrm lour.d bjil 5 to gathei jn a round mafs. To CGNCLOO-IERATE, V. A.lconglo meratiim, fupme of conglorneri'j to gather leve- ri) thlrieS into a round mafs. CONGLO/MERATE, Par', Iconglomira- tus, Lat.j g.-ttnered into a round ball and inafs, fo ih^it the compounJinp bodies appedr diftinft. Figuratively, twilled or colietf^ei together. '< The bedims of I'ghi, when^ow glomera't." Bac. CONGLOMERATION, S. [from con- glomerate] a collciling into a loofe rounJ ball ; iiitcrweavine, i.r inixture. ToCONGLUTlNA TE, V. A.[ccnglu- t'lnatum, fupine of anglutino] to glue, cenricnt, or join faft together uy anv vifcout, ftirking. or glu;inous fubftj/ice. Neutcrly, ro frick or cohere together, CONGLUTINA'TION, S. the aft of flicking K.feiher ; the a£t of uniting and /jflening trie lips of a wound together. CONGLU'TiNATJVE, Adj. having the power of flicking together, or uniting the lips pf a wounj. CONGLUTINA'TOR, S. that which has the power of making things cohcie, or flick together. CONGRA'TUL ANT, Part. f<-,5r^.flra/jr^.r, Lat.J rejoicing with jnoihcr j expteliing euc's rejoicing with another. To CONGRA/TULATE, V. A. [from con, and gla'ulatui, L.-;t.J to ex^refs joy on account of the goud fuc^efs or advantage of unother. CONGRATULA'TION, S. the »a o' exprf (line joy on account of the fuccefs or hippinelv ot anorhf r ; the form in which joy is «:>^•'^elied for the happmeis of aco'.her. CON Te CONGRE'ET, V. N. [from nn aai greet] to filutc together, implying the making and returning of a cotrplinnent. ToCONGRE'GATE, V. A^cngregafum, Lat.] to colle<ft feveral things into the hme, mafs, or feveral perfo.na into the faine place. Neuterlv, to aff'mb'e, meet, or come together. GONGRE'GATE, Arfj. coneiled clofe together j forming one mafj or body; com- patt. CONGREGATION, S. in Phyfics, that degree ol mixture wherein the particles of a fluid meet or touch only in a point ; a col- Irfl.oii or m.ils of feveral p<rtictes. In Divi- nity, an aflembly of people m-t together for lelieious worlhip. In Church Hillory, an af- lembly of feveral ecckfuftics, conftituting and forming a body. CONGREGA'tlONAL, Adj. belonging to an afi'embly or congregation. CONGR'ESS.S. [corgre[rus,Ltr:.'\ alhock, or conflifl ; an appointed meeting for the fet- tlinj; o'i afljirs between different nations. CONGRE'SSIVE, Adj. mceiing together} encountering. To CONGRU'E. V. A. [congruo, Lat.] to au'ee ; to fuit ; to imoort j to become. CONGRU'ENCE, S.' [congruer.t-ia, Lat.j agreement ; the fiiitableneCs or confiflsncy of one thing to another. CONGRU'iTY, S. fitnefs ; fuitablenefs of one thing to another; co/:fiftency. In Geometry, applied to figures or lines, which , meet or correfpond exaftly when applied to, or laid over each other. CONGRU'OUS, AHj. [ccngmus, Lat.] agreeable to ; confident with ; luited or pro- portionate. CONGRU'OUSLY,Adv. [from congruous, and ly, implying manner] in fu.h a manner as to agree or be confident with, applied l« I'entim^rnts ; Suitably. CO'tSllC, or CO'NICAL, Adj. having the form of a cone, fugar-loaf, or round pyramid. Lonic jeEtion, in Geometry, is the curve line arilinij from the feftion of a cone by a plane. Lor.ics, or conic feclUr.s, that part of Geometry w'iiich treats of cones, and the curves arifing from the fedlion f>f a cone by a plane. CO'NICALLY, Adv. in form of a cone, or fugar ioaf. CO'NICALNESS, S. the ftate or quality which partakes of the nature or properties of a cone. ToCONJE'CT, V.N. [conjcHum, Lat.] to guefs at a thing. " Impcrfeftly conje{?i.'" CONJE'CTOR, S. one that determines :n a vague manner from uncertain principles or ptemifes ; a goefier. CONJE'CTUR ABLE, Adj. being the ob- ject of conjedlure ; that which may be guefied. CONJE'CTUR AL, Adj. depending on, or determined fiotn unceitjja principles by mere gucfs. CON- CON ilCONJECTURA'LITY, S. that which is -inferable only from guefs. CON JE'CTUR ALLY, Adv. by guefs by «anjefturE. CONJE'CTURE, S. [cor.jeEiura, Lat.] an inference drawn from uncertain principles ; a £uefs ; imperfect knowledge, idea, or notion. To CONJE'CTLRE, V. A. [from the sounj to guefs. CONJE'CTURER, S. a gnefTer, CONVFEROUS, Aaj. in Botany, bearwig « fruit refembling a cone ; applied to the pine- tree, C^c. To CONIOI'N, V. A. to join together; to unite together in ftiendfhip j to knit or join together in marriage. Neuierly, to league or take part with another in any ac'tum. CONJOINT, P^^rt. unUed j connefted ; affociate. In Mufic, applied to two or more founds heard at the lame time, ■CONJOINTLY, Adv. together j in union, cppofed to apart cr feparate. CONJU'GAL, Adj. [conjugalls, Ljt.] be- longing to marriage. CONJUGALLY, Adv. confiftently with inirris;;s ; l;ke marrird people. To CONjU'GATE, V. A. [conjugatuv:, i-ji^xat ci ccrjugo, Lat. J to unite; to join in marriage. in Grammar, to decline verbs through their various terminations of tenfes, Jerfons and moods. CONJU'GATE, S. [coriugatus, Lat] in Grammar, agreeing, in derivation with anotner word, and refembling it in its fenfe or mean jng. Conjugate d':amttsr, or axis, in Coniis, is the ftjorteft of two diameters, bifeiting the ««Jier, or a right line bifefting the tranfverfe diameter. CONJUGA'TION, S. Icorjugatloy Lat.] a couple, p«ir, or two things of the lame fort, joined together. " The lixth conjugation or pair of nerves.'' Bto-.on. The aft of uniting, rtf joining things together ; union. in Orammar, an orderly diftribution of the tenfes, perfons, and moods of verbs, accord- ing to their dinrerent teiminations, or in- Seflions. CONJU'NCT, Part. [conjunSlu!, Lat.] joined with another ; concurring; united. CONjU'NCTION, S. [from «n, Lat. and jiiigsl the uniting two things together. Figu- ratively, a !eagv;e or confederacy. In Aftrono- »»y, the meeting of the fiars or planets in the iaoie degree of the zodiac. CONJU'NCTIVELY, Adv. in union, operating together, oppo.ed to apart or fe- parate. CONJU'NCTIVENESS, S. the quality of uniting or joining two or rru>re things together, CONJU'NCTLY, Adv. jointly j together, •opofed to apart. ' CONJUNCTURE, S. [ccnj^nBure, Fr.] an union or meeting of Icveral circumftance?, or catifes ; a critical or particular periad of time ; ^•nHccliuB of ^ve.'al things focminj; a whole \ CON confiftencY, or an union of qualities, which ca* exift at the fame time, in the fame or diflcrenC fubjefts. CONJURATION, S. the form of oblig- ing a perlcn to give his evidence. See AD- JURATION. Magic words, charafters, ce- remonies, charm", which were luppofed to have the pow£r of raifjng the dead, and devils, and obliging the former to anfwer queftions, and the latter to execute fuch orders as were given them ; a plot ; a conlpiracy. To CONJU'RE, V. A. [eonjuro, Lat.J ta intreat a pcrion with the greattit earneftnefs, and by the refpeft he has to fome dear perfon, or facred being ; to bind perf'oni together by a lolemn oath ; to form a confpiracy. " The tliird pait of heaven's fons conjur'ti againfl the higheft.'' To influence by the fuppoicd power ot magic or enchantment?. When ufed in the laft fenfe, it is acceirted on the firfi fyliable, ai:d when in the preceding .'ignifications, on the laft. CONJU'RER, S. an enchanter, oro-ne wh» makts ule of magical charms ; an impoftor, who pretends to have commerce with the wovld ot fpirits, and by that means to be able to foretel the future events of a pcrfon's life, to difc^jver thieves, (fc. To CONN, [cor.riun, SiX. to know] to learn or get without book ; to give. " I conn yoa thanks." To ftrike with the fift. CONNA'TE, Adj. [from con and ratus, Lat.] bern v/ith ; innate; bora at the fame time as anotiier. CONNATURAL, Adj. [from con and tta- tura, Lat J ccnfiftent with, or flowing from nature ; ot the fame origin-1 or nature. " Mije with our a7!»(3?u>fl/d:ift." Par. Lofi. CGNNATURA'LITY, S. a refemblance of nature ; or an efTential refemblance and conneiftion. (. ONNATURALLY, Adv. in furh a man- ner as to be born with, cr innate. " Connatw- rally engraven in the foul." Hale, CONN ATUR ALNESS, S. the quality cf being born with, of being imiate or interwovea in Our nature. To CONNECT, V. A. [ccnneFro, Lat.] to join together by fome intcrmcoiate means, al- luding to the union formed by cement ; to jvin together the members of a period or the argu- ments of adifcourfe, in luch a maaner, as they fnall have a mutual dependence on each other, like the Lnks of a chain, CONN'ECTION. See CONNEXION. CONNE'CTIVE, Adj. that which has the power of joining diflereiit things together. fo as they ma^ have a mutual dependence on each other. CONNECTIVELY, Adv. jontlyj in union ; having mutual dependence on each other, arifing IroBi union. To CONNEX, V. A. [conmxum, fupine, oi conneno, Lat.] to join, link, or fa ft- n lie - vcial things to each^iher, CON~ CON CONNEOCION, S. ?. relation whereby one tVilng adheres ro and depends on another ; the aifl of fafteiiing things together in (uth a manner that ihey may ftick, as if joined by cement, and depend on each other like the links of a ch.iin j dependence 5 Cdmmerce ^ union, formed by iniereft. In Writing, that which has a relation both to the daufc which precedes, and that which follows ir. CONNE'XIVE, Adj. that which has the force of joining or uniting together. CONNl'VANCE, S. [See CONNIVE] the beholding or feeing any fault without taking notice of it, or puniihing tlie com- mitter. To CONNI'VE, V, A. [con.^i'vec, Lat.] to wink ; to pafs by a fault without taking notice of it, orpunifhing the committer. CONNOI'SSEUR, S. [Fr.'from conKsltre, Fr. cognojco, Lat.] one v/no is perteflly ac- quainted with any objedl of knowledge or tafte ; a perleift judge or critic. ToCONNO'TE, V. A. to imply ; to fig- Jiify by implication. '" Goo-i, in the general notion of i', ccmm:ei likewle a certain luita- blenefi of it to fomething ellc." CONNU'3iAL, Ajj. [connubiarn, Lat.] rela'ing to marriage, CGNO'ID, S. [from «ovo?, Gr. and eiJjc] in Geometry, a folid body reiembling a cone, exce;-ting that it has aji ellipfis inftead of a petted circle for its b^fe, CON'OIDES, S. [See CONOID] a gland in the third ventricle of the brain, ctlled the pineal gland, from its ret'emriUnce to a piiie apple, and fuppol'ej by Dcs Cartes to be the feat of the foul. CONpI'DiCLE, A.dj. rcpro3c!Jngtothe form of a conoid ; refeirblini a conoid. ToCONQ^iA'..SATE, V. A. [coKqusf- Jat.m, Lat. J to fliake or agitate with vi'ilence. " Vomits violently contjuafljfe the lungs." JIar. UTcd only bv technlc.il writc-s. CONQ^JASSATION, S. [t :om can juaf- fate\ violent motinn 5 sgitation, ToCON'QUER, V. A. to :ubduc, over- come, or ovti-.un by fore* of arms : to fur- mount; to get the better of any difficulty. Neuterly, to obtain .the vidory. CONCiyi.'ilABLE, A;!j. ea-'y to be over- come, riguraiivcly, eafily fain)Our.ted, ap. plied tn dilTKiihii s. CO'N(iyEROR,S.oncwhorurrpountsany diffirulty; one who fuhdui-s oy force of arms. CO'NQiTEST, S. [con^t.,u, Fr. (oii^uljlo. Ital.J the ad of luHuinjj by force, of arms; the thing gained by victory j vidoty or fuc- «cfs in arms. CONSANGUi'NEOUS, Adj. {confjn^ui- r«;5, Lat.] neirofkinj of the fame "bbod ; related by birth. CONSANGUI'NITY, S. [a>„Javguin-ta,, Lat.J relation by bJood-; relation or defcent from one fjther, CONSCl'ENCE, S. {con[d(r.tU, Lat.] the CON faculty or aft cf judging of the nature of otrt' adiuns, wtiethcr they be good or evil, imply- ing a ccmpirifon of them with fome ftandardb or moral aftion; the determination cf thff mind with refpeft to the quality of any aftion, al;er its commiiTion 5 the knowledge of our own thoughts, or confcioufnefs ; real fenti- ments ; private thoughts, ufed with in, " Doft thou in (onfcifnce think ?" Shakefp. Scruple or confcioufnefs, ufed with maht, " We muft make a conjciena in keeping the jufl laws." CONSCI'ENTIOUS, Adj. [from confaerr. !sa, Lat.] fcrupulous ; examining every thing accoioing to the didtates of conicie-;ce, an* aflim? conformably; exadlyjult. CONSCI/ENTiOUSLy,Adv.accordingt& the diiftates of confcience, CONSCI/ENTIOUSNESS, S. exadnefs, or tendernefs of confcience ; an excefs of fcru- puloiifneis, CONSCFONA^LE, Adj. agreeatle to the didlale? of confcience 5 j.uH. CONSCI'ONABLENESS, S. equ'ty; rea- fonabknefs ; agreeaulencfa to, or confiltency with, the ciifliUes of confcience. COMSCI'ONABLY, Adv. in a manner agreeable to tnedidatcs of confcience j juftlyj reafunibly. CONSCI'OUS. Adj. [cMfiius, Lat.] to Be inwardly I'enllble uf a tiun;:, whereof it is pof- f:ble to have a diftincl iuea. Knowing Irom rccolle^lion or .-ncmory ; knowing or under- ftanJng ; bearing witncfs ',f, or fenfible of, trom the iniiigation^ of confcience. CONSCi'O'JSLY, Adv. fenfibly ; or hav- ing the Iciif.ition of the operation of ibme fa- cultv of ilie mind. CUN5CI/OUSMESS, S. the perception or fenfatuin of what paliVs in a man's own mind j an internal acknowledgment or I'enfc of guilt, or oi hawing performed any particular adlion. CO'N SCRIPT, Part. [confm/^t-M, Lat.J written or regiitered. Applied to the Roman fatherJ or fenators, whole names v.er.: regiller- ed in the lift of tlie fcnate. CONSCRI'PTION, S. Iconfcriptio, Lat.] an enroU\ng or rsgilletirg. To COfJSE'CRATE, V. A. {co7:[icrr.tuvt, Lat.J to dedicate or ht apart to divine ufes ; to landti.'y or prefcrice, as pleifing to the Deity. "A new and living way which he hiS conftcrat-.d'iov u-;.*' //»/>. x. 20. CONSECRA'I E, Part. [cor.Jscrci:ui, Lat.J fct apart fur divine ufes j dedicated tv> thefer- v^cc of God ; facrtd.' CONSRCRA'TER, S. the perfon who performs the rites by which a thing is appro- priated to divine ufi:5. CONSECRATION, S. the ad of appro- priating, vle''iciting or felting apart any com- mon or profane ihii g to leligious uffs, by means cf certain ceremonies or ilci ; tba benedidtio.a of the bread aad wine in the ficram««t. CONSE. CON €ONSE'CTARY, Adj. [anftaarius.Lit.] following as a confequence. CONSE'CTARY, S. [from the Adjeftive] a propofition which tollows trom fome preced- ing definition, lenrna, axiom, or the like. CGNSE'CUTION, S. [ccnfccutio, Lat.J a chain of confequences ; fuccefnon. In Artro- nomy, the mcKth of confecuticn, is ihe fpare be- tween one conjundtion of the moon with the fun to another. CONSE'CUTIVE, Adj. [confecuiif, Fr. ] following in an uninterrupted fucceffion j fol lowing, immediatelv fiic.-eedir>g. CONSECU'TIV^ELY, Adv. after, or fol I lowing as 2n eflefl. CONSE'NSION, S. [conjenfio, Lat,] agree- ment ; accorci. CONSE'N r, S. [confenfus, Lat. canfentment Fr.J the ift of yielding, cr compliance wi-h a requtft ; agreement ; unity ot fentiment j harmony, or a°reeffienr of parts. To CONSE'NT, V. N. [confentir, Fi. fon fentie, Lat.] to a^ree to ; to promote the Un.e end; to yield or comply with a rcqucft ; to permit. CONSENT A'NEOUS, Adj. [ccnff-.ta^ netis, Lat.] agreeable or fuitable to j confiltent with ; becoming. CONSENTA'NEOUSLY.Adv. in a man ner agreeable to 5 conhftent with, or fuitable to. CONSENTA'NEOUSNESS, S. confiA- cnce ; or agrceihlenefs. CCNSE'NTIENT, Pitt. [corifentie»s,L3t.] univetf'-l J unanimous ; genera! j agreeing, or uni'cd in opinion. " The authority due to the sonjentler.t judgment and praftice ot the uni- vcrfal church." Cxfvd Rejfons. CONSE'QUENCE, is. [Fr. ci.rS:quertUa , I>at.] the relation or c •nn-'eli n between twa proaofitionSjWheieof one follows or is deduced from the other ; that which follows from or is produced by any caufe, or p inciple ; event, eft'e^, importance, moment, or con- cein. CONSE'QUENT, Part. [Fr. conjequcm, Lat] (bilowkng from fome premifes, applied to argument. Following as an eflctt. CONSE'QUENT, S. the lift p.opofition of an argument, or enthymcn, deduced from or included \n. fome preceding propoiition ; the propofition which contains the tondufion ol an argument ; an efteft, or thrft which pro- ceeds from the operation of sny cau''e. C'on- jeqitent of a ratio, in Arithmetic, is the litter of the two terms, or th.^t to which the antecedent is referred : thus in j, 1,01 a Xo b-. b is the confetjuerit, and ct the antecedent, CONSEQUENTIAL, Adj. [irom ccnji- fuens, Lat.] produced by .n necellary chain of taufes and eft'efts deduced according to the lules of reafon or logic, CONSEQUE'NTIALLY, Adv. deducing sonfequences, or raaking infsrencej accyrding CON to tfif rule? of t-eafon or loeic ; by conf;!- qiierce ; eventtiaUy j in 4 regular fcries, CONSEQ^^r'NTLY,Adv,bycopiequenceJ necefurilyj inttvitauiy, from a neccfiary con- nection of eficcis to tlicir caufes ; in confe- quence. CONSE'RVAPLE, Adj. [c^rfir-vo, L=t.] capahle of being pr. t'crvcd or kept. CONS ;••'?. V,iNCy, S. [,onfer^ an,, Lzt.] appUfd to the courts held by the lord-may, r, lor ihe piefervation of the hihcry on the river Tbam-s, wf.ich a-rc ftiiea courts of confer-vanry. CONSERVA'TIGN. S. ff5B>T/<;/w, Lh'.J the jct c.t piefeivirig bodies or fyftcHis I'rom corruption or decay. CONSE'R VATlVE, Adj. [from conftrt-j' ri/i, La;.] having ihe power oi .keeping from coriuDtion or dec3V. ■ CONSERVA'IOR, S. [Lat.] one who prefcrves from corrupuon or decay ; an cfScer eftjbiifl-.ed for tlie preservation or ths privi- le^eft granted fome cities ; or a j.'trfon who is authorized to detrrniine dlfierences arifiug lie' ween lite citizens. Cor,j'tr--ator cf tie ptijce, wdS onr v.ho had an efpecial chari^e, by vuiua of bis rfHce, to fee ihe king's pe.ice keot. CONSE'RVATORY, S. [tmm co,:Jerra. /»i, Lat.J a place wherein any tliing i.- krpt in a manner fuitable to its nature, as fiih in a pond. CONSF/RVATORY, Adj. having the power of preferving a thing from eorruptlo/i or decay. CO'NSERVE, S. a fweetmeat made by boiling fruit in clarified fugar. In Phar- macy, a medicine in the forgi of an eledlu.iry, m'dc of the leaves of iLuvers, be.»t with fut'ar in a mortar J a place to keep and preferve v,-- ^etal'ies in. " Set liie pots into your corjiri/e." Efe'-;r.. CONSE'SSOR, S. [La-.] one who fits w.th ano'her. To CONSI'DER, V. A. [«n/rfV.s, Lat. cor.fifUier, Fr.] tu think, much on a thing ; tu revolve i>tien in the mind ; to meditate on. " 1 will confJer thy tcflimonies." Pjolmcxw, 95. To \iew with atter.tlon. " Wiien iter,- f.dcr the heavens." PJal. viii. 3. To de- termine or refolve a tcr weighing the confe- quences ot an adVion. " Conjidtr what ye h^ve to do." J'-idgci xviii. 14. To remark \ to cnll to miiidj to oblervc. *' Cerjidir the ravens " Lnhe xii. 34. CCN.Sl'DERABLE, Adj. [from conjidtr'] that which is worthy of noicc, regard, or attention; important ; valuable ;refpe£\ab!e ; large or conveying a fenfe between little ao>) great. " He p»id in a confidtrabk fum," Clartnd. CONSI'DERABLENFSS, S. importance J valiie;di2ni'v;equali!y which claims our notice, CON.>>FDERABLY, Adv. in ad greede- fcrvlrg fomc, thougli not the higheil notice } in a great decree. i^ CON- CON CONSPDER ATE, Adj. [corifiJsrjfwsM^.] ferious; giwi to confideration or thought ; prudent ; pityine, or moderate. CONSIDE'RATION, S. [Fr from con- fidtraUo, Lat.J tbe a£t of thinking ori ; ma- ture thongi^t or deliberation J meditation; an equivak-nt. CON CONSO'LABLE, Adj. that which admitt comfort. -Ij) CONSO'LATE, V. A. [«^/o/«fw, of co»J(.!gr, Lat. j to allay the fenfe of mi'ery ; ta ailuaee forrow ; to impart comfort. CONSOLATJON, S. [Fr. {, om co»f»/atio, Lat.] that which diininilhes grief, and aUe- CONSl'DERER, S. one who employs his j viatt-s miiery ; comfort. thoughts on any fubjeft ; a thinker To CONS/GN, V. A. [corr/igno, Lat. cen- Jigner, rr.J to transfer on-'s property to an- other. Ill Commerce, to i^tni goods, or direft tfaem to another. Figuratively, to commit or cntriift, ufed with to. " The four Evangelifts ^oiifigned to writing." Add'j. " Conjlgr.ed the youthful confcrt :o his c.ire." Pofe, Nsutcrlv, to yield, fuhmit. or refjgn. '' Cor.fign to thee." Sbak. To confent, or fubmit to. " A hard condi'ion for a maid to confign to^ Shakfp, CONSIGNA'TION, S. [Fr.] the -d. of transferring property to another. In Com- naerce, the traafmitting or fending goods to another. CONSFGNiMENT, S. [from configrt] the a£t of (rausferring ; the writing by which pro- perty is transferred, or goods lent to another to be fold. To CON.SI'3T, V. N. [conjljlo, Lat. con- Jifitr, Fr.J- to fubfif}, or be pre.''erved in ex- iftence; to continue in the lan-.e ftate; to be compriied or contained ; to be compofed ; to agree or exift in the fuLje£i ; to fubfift, or have being. CONSFSTENCE, or CONSI'STENCY, CONSOLATOR, S. a comforter. To CON.iO'LE, V. A. [corfokr, Vr. (aiffrar, Lat. J to cbear j to comfort j to ielTen the fenfe of mifery ; to diraimfli a peri'on'* grief. C0NS0;LER, S. the perfon or thing which adminifters comfort. CONSOLI'D.XNT, Part. [Fr.J in Surgery, having the property of doling or uniting WJunds. ToCONSO'LIDATE, V. A. to fotm into a compaft or hard body ; to harden. Neu- terly, to grow, fifm, hard, or (olid. CONsOLIDA'TIOiSr, S. [Fr.J the act of uniting into one mafs ; the ad of uniting two parlimcntary bills together. CONSO^'NANCE, or CON'SONAT^'CY, S. [c6r.fonar.ee, Fr. conjonar.s, Lat.] in Mufic, the lounding of two notes to^ethir ; or the union and agreement cf two founds. Figu- tailvely, confiftsncs or agrsemenc of opinion or fenttments. CONSO'NANT, Adj. [Fr. confonan,,Ln.} agreeable ; confiftent ; according; reconcile- abic. CONSQ/NANT, S. [confonante, Fr.] in S. the natural ftate of bodies ; the degree of j Grammar, a letter which cannot be perledly thicknefs or thinnefs, applied to fluids ; fub- j founded by itfelf. The Hebrew divifion of ftance J uniformity of appearance, aflion, or j the confonants into fuch as are pronjunred qualities ; fres fratn contradiction, or variety. | by the throat, tongue, palate, teeth, and lipj^ CONSISTENT, Part, [conj-fiens, Lat.j is reckoned the moll accurate, and generaily not contradidfory j not oppofite j reconcile- followed by thofe who have wnhen on this able ; agreeing ; firm, or folid. . fubjeft. CONSl'STEN-i'LY, Adv. in fuch a man- j CONSONANTLY, Adv. in a confifteat ner as to imply no con tradition J agreeably 3 manner ; fuiiably ; agreeably, uniformly. CONSCN'ANTNESS, S, CONSISTO'RIAL, Adj. [from c»nJiJ}ory'\ relatMig to fome court where an ecciefiaftic is judge. CONSISTO'RY, S. [conf,jiorhm,\o\'^ Lat.] a court conliiling of ecclehaffics ; the place where an eccleiiaffic court is held 5 a court held at Rome, confifting of cardinal.s.at which the pope is prefident. Figuratively, any folemn aHembiy. CONSO'Cl.aTE, S. [conf:jt\atus, La^] one who joins with another in an undertaking ; an accomplice. To CONhO'CIATE, V. A. [confodatum, lupine of anfcrio, Lat.] to unite, or join two things together; lo cement, or hoii togrther. Neuterly, to unite, or join with. " Coifoci- atirg into the huge condenfe bodies of plants." Bentl. CONSOCIA'TION, S. an allianc, or coontxion ; intimacy, or unlorj. the quality of agreeir7g with ; confiflency. CONSO'NOUS, A^j. [conjoms, Lat.j agreeing in found ; harmoiiiwus. CO'.VSORT, S. [cofifors, Lat.j a com- panion, generally applied to C^nify one who bears the jot alfigned byProvidence to another, and appropriated to a perfon joined in marriage to another ; a melody lormed by fevea! inftni- ments playing the fame tune, perhaps corrupt- ed from ccncert. To CONSO'RT, V. N. [from the noun] ro unite, join, or alFociate, followed by luiib, Adively to join, or to marry ; to mix, to ac- company. CONSPICUI'TY, S. [from coy,fi,icuous\ brightnefs ; eafinefs to be feen even at a dif- tance ; the plainncfs of any truth or propoli- tion. CONSPICUOUS, Adj. {eonfpicuut, Lat.] 3a!jr ti* be feen ; tt be fcca at a Oirtance. Fi- juraiivelf. CON G O N •Tirl now the refi.lenre of the Grand Signfoi*. It ha5 it's fume from the Hni ChiiHUn empe--. lor Conftantire, who, in 330, m.ide it the Icdi; of the Roir.dn empire in me E. and it con- tinued 10 till 1453, when the Turks tcok it ■iiler a fiily four yeais fiege; fince wl.i h time >t has been ilie fcAt of their empire. Like old Rome, it flaIl.^3 on feven hill? ; hence I'ome- tin-iss called New Rome. -It is moll delight- fully fit L'3ted, in the lorm of atriargloj on on fide of which is ihc main hnd, and on the other two tlie ft-a; for on the S. is the fca of Mnmora and the Htilefpont j or> the E. is the outlet ct the Black Sea ; and on the S. is the very large and conim^idious haibour^formed hy a canal from the S'.reights reaching inland to- wards the N, W. '1 he fortifications on the land fide ate ar.ri.jue and ruinous, 'ihe ap- pearance of the ci^y, when viewed out of it:, is like that of «n amphitheatre, but in it the prolpcift is much huir. The city is uncom- monly large, and has twenty two gate?, of which (x are towards the land fide, and fixteen to- wards the fea, hut with extremely narrow, flip- pery , and fttep flreets. The h^uTes arc moftly nl wood ijiJ moriar, and low buik, but full of inhabitants. ThegenteeleA houfcs are in thofe places where there is not fuch a concourfe of people,and where the city is leaft inhabited j and themoflconfiderable buihUngs are without the city, epon the harbour. The imperial pa- lace, or I'era^lio, which (lands in the city, on the point of thetrianjle, towards thecanal and harbour, together with the gardens, takes up about a mile and a half in circuit: it is rathc^ a ;ollc£lion of feveral palaces and apartments, loined together, according to the fancy of ihe (iiliercnl emperors, than an unilorm ftJu£Vurc.' It is covered with lead, as are all the other pa- laces of the Siiltan. Its principal entrance is of marble, and calleii the Porte (in TutkifhCapi) whence the denomina'ion of the Ottoman Porte is givcn to the Turkifh empire. In the fi\i\ court is liie infirmary and mint; in the Icccn^ is the divan, or great council-chamber, gurativcly, eminent, fan'.ous, diflinguiflied 5 cifily diicovered ; mani^^eft. CONSPJ'CUOUSLY, Adv. eafily to, be fetn ; or difcerned by the light ; remarkable for fome excellence; eminently j famoufly ; remarkably. CONSFl'RACY, S. [conf/iiratio, Lat. (cnfpirat'-Dn, Fr.j a private agreement between two or more perfons to commit foms crime ; a plot. CONSPI'RANT, Part, [confphar.s, Lat.] joining wUh another in a plot, or oiher bao defign. CONTSPIRA'TION, S. [co-S^-Wath, Lat.] Sec CONSPIRACY, wliich is moft ufed. CONSPi'RATOR, S. [from corfpho. Lat.] one who has ftcret'.y engaged to carry on a plot, or fon^e bad r.el-.gn with another. To CONSPl'RE, V. N. [conjplro, Lat. nrfpirer, Fr.] to enter into an agreement with others 10 carry en a plot, or other bad defign. CONSPl'RING.J'att. [from confp'ne] tend- ing mutually to produce one defign. In Me- chanics, covfp'inug f ewers are fuch as do not 2k{\ in dirtftions oppofiie to each other. CO'NSl AELE, S. [conneta'-Ie,Yr. ccrfOa-' hile Ital. from coma Pahuli, Lat. m»!ti:r of the horfe, or cur-.rirg, kinp, zndjiahle, F.ng.l The lord high corf able was an officer who had the care of the peace of the kingdom in deeds of arms, and matters of war. The firft car.JiaHc •was created by the Conqueror, and the office continued hereditary, till the 13th of Henry VIII. who laid it afide, as being both formi- dable and troublefome to him. From thtfe magiftrd'es were derived the conJlaHa of hun- <^rcds, two of which were ordained by Edward I. to be chofen out of eveiy hundred, tor the pre- fervation of the peace. Thefe are called r.ow bigb corfiabks, becaiife increafe of people and crimes have given occaficn for ofTicers of the like nature, in every tcv;n, calhd petty corfla- hits, Befides, the confiahki of the Tower, of Dover-caf>le, and of the caftlc of Caernarvon, are propetly governors of thofe caftles. Tb o-vtr- runthe covjlahli, is to fncnd more than a man I together with the kitchen, treafury, and fta- is worth, and feems derived from cotiiejidtic, Fr. a fettled or ftatfd afCount. CO'NSTABLESHlP, S. the ofS-e of a conflable. CONSTA'NCY, S. [c^rfjar.tia, Lat. cor.- fcr.ce, Fr.] a ftate which admits of no change or alteration, opaofed to n:u(ah\Uty\ confift- ency j refolutiun ; flcadinefs to any princii'le in fpite of thieats, danger?, promiles or rewards ^ a firm, an inviolable a'tachment to a peiftn, including an unalterable afieclion, veracity, or the confiftency of a narrative with the na- ture cf things. CO'NSTaNT, A-j. firm, ftrongly and immoveably attached to any principle or per- fon ; afTiduOLS. or without inlermifTion. CONSTANTi'NOPLE, S. theancieniBy- zantium, by the Turks called Iftamhol. It is the capital ol Romania, in European Turky, bks j and contiguous to the divan, towards the N. is what is proj'erly called the Seraglio ; through a cov.-red gallery one enters into the emperor's mjgr.iticent chamber of audience, where the throne fJind.': thus far ambafladors are allowed to coir.e, hut flraneerS mufl go no farther into the fcr.itlic. Between the two mofques of Sultan Solyman, and Baj;!zet, is ihe old impeiial fersglio, where the wives of the decealed emperor are fnut up. The palaces of the prelent Turkifh nobility have nothing remarkable on the outfide, but v;ithin they are richly and elegantly decorated. Among the mofques, that of St. Sophia, once the metropolitan church of the Chrifiians, is the moil; m.ignificent, and rr..nds oppofits to the main entrance of the imperial palace. Thii was formerly not only highly prized by Chrr-i ltiins> but is l"o now likswile by the Turk*, CON rb which !he Sultan reforts every Friday. It was built hy the emt^eror (iiftinian, having extenfive domes or ctipuias. Its pavement, Wails, anH jr^'ileties, are cuvereJ wilh maible; here are alio great niimbeis of pillars of the fame materislf, likewife of porphvry and li- pyptian grmats. It is Taid to have every day an income of io,ODO guiidcrs, and it can irjuite comm'idi iiidj bold j 00,000 per Tors at once. Round it are ihapsls that fervc for biiryiig- Jjiaces to the irtiperial family. Befidt-! tj-is, there are feveral other beaiicrfij irofq'ies. Elere the Creeks have 'hirty churches, thci Armenians all.) feveral, the Catholics have Tome tew, and the Svvediih ArrtbalLidor is allowed a Luihcran shurch. CO'NSTANTI.Y, Adv. in ^^n Invariahle, confifter.t, or unalterable nidij,ierj without teafine : perpetually. ToCONST'ELLATE, V. N. [conf.cHafui, T-at.j to fhiiie wit:h a colJefted lultfe, ux ge- hers! liijht. COiVVrE'LLATION, S. [Fr.] an af- femblageof fsveral ftars which appear ne.j one another, and are called by the name of fom animsl, ri^uratively, an aflembla-e of feveial liifrres, or excellencies, which adorn and irra- diate our foecies. CONSTERNA'TIOM, S. [Fr. from .c;,- flfrnatiQ, Lat.] amazeTi-int, or w.Tndcr, occi- lioned by fome unexpefled, great, jiid noble obica. ToCON'STI'PATE, V. A. \co>iil]paium, fripine oi canjiipo, 1-at.] to croud together, or leiuce into a narrower corhpafbj to thicken any fluid body ; to fhut up, or flop any Jalia^e. In Phyfic, to bind or render cof- tive. CONSTIPA TION, S. [from the verb] the aft ot croudiiig into a nairow compals ; the forcing the particles of a body clofcr than they were before; the aft of thickenih;?, applied to fluids J floppjge or obftruftion caufed by full • iiefs; coftiveiiefs. CONST!'' rUENT, Adj. [Fr. conputnt, Lat.j that which makes any thing be what it is ; efT^nrial ; oiitinal; necelldry to llie ex- iftencc of a thing; that of which anything Confifts, or is compoferf. CONSTi*TUENT, S. [cwptw.nt, Fr.] the perion or thinji which contriSutes to the for CON [the particular te.\ture of the parts of a body } the habit or tempframent of the body, arifing from a pecuhar difpolition and quality of its parrs ; temper of mind ; an eftabhfhed form of government. COKSTITUTIONAL, Adj. [from conp]- tut'wn'^ fiowinu from the particular tc.mpera- menr or habit of a perfnn's ho.iy. or from the peculiar tempetand difpofitiorl of his mind; im- planted iii the very nar-jre of a thio'j; ; conf:ft- eiit wi'h the for m of gnvc nment ; legal. To CONSTRA'iN, V, A. {conuaimln, Fr.] 'to force i. perfon to pcrtorm or rcirairi ;rorn fome aftion ; to violate; to ravilh ; to confine, including the idea of fo'ce or pri-flure. " Ho* the ftiait flays the fUnder waift con- flrii'u'?'"' Gay. CONS Til A'llvr ABLE, Adj. liable to forcft, or compuliion. CONSTRAI'NER, S. thfe petfon that forces, yr compels. C-OMSTRAJ'I^T, S. the aft of over ruling tile will or defire; compulfion or force; con- finement. Ficurativrlv, referve. To CONSTRl'Cf, V. A. \cor>Jlnaim, of corjlrin^o, Lzt~\ to contraft Or bind clofe; to rraiv the paits of any thing clofer to each other; to cramp, CONSTRFCTION, S. [cor.pnah, Lar.] the drawing the parts into a narrower compafs, ur clofe toiiether ; contra£iion. CONSTRrCTOR, S. ' [Lat.] that whicli contrafts. In anatomy applied tq thofe muf- cles which fhut up clefs fotne of the canals or tubes of the bodv. To CdNSTRFNGE, V. A. [conft/wgo, Lar, J to bind, and force the pirts of a body clofer tigether. CONSTRI'JCGENT, Part. [nr:p!rgeni, Lat.j having the quality of binding or making the parts of a body approach nejrer to eacii other. To CONSTRU/CT, V. A. [c:nfin,aum, Lat.j to form from different materials j td build ; to compile, to conftitute. CONSTRU'CriON, S. [Fr. c^VconjIruBlo, Lat.j the aft of forming from an ailemblageof different things, joined together with art and regularity ; the form' of a building ; ftrufture j the manner in which things are laid together. In Grammar, the ranging or placin^; ihe words fnation of a thinjT; one who authovJtcS or of a fentence according to the rulrs, or fo i? deputes another to aft lor him ; that vthich is hecelTiry or eil'ential to ttic being or fubdflencc «f a thing.. To COMSTI'TUTE, V, A. [corputum. Lit.] to give e.'iidence to a thing ; to g vc a thitrg its particular nature of prr.'perti.s ; to make a thing he what it is. Appliei to Jaws, to ehaft, p.ifs, or efldblifh; to depute a perfon to aft for- another. CONSTITU'rER, S. the perfon who apDoinis another to aft for him. _ CONSTiTU'TJON, S. [ii.nJlltuUo, Laf.] the aft of eilablii}fi.n^j difpofipg; p oducLn^ to convey a complete meaning or {xinii. Figo. vatively, the fenie, me.;ning, or inteipretaiiofi of a word, CO>JiSTRU'CTURE, S. an edifice ; a building; a pile or t'rame compofthd of ff.vral things pla. eti togetli-r witli regularity and art. ToCO->J3TRUE, V. A. {c:r,p.ruo, Lat.j to place wordi in the gr imrhafical order, and explain th'ir mer.ning; CONSUBSTA'NTI \\., Adj. [from tan ini fuhjlan'ia, Lat.j li.ivinglhe tame fuoflance orellence; of tht f->me kini or nature, ap- plied to tnateri.'l bo-ics. S CjN- CON CON CONSfUBSTANTIA'LlTY, S. the exift- hv want of nourifhment, or a pre'ernsturi fnre ot rnrrf than one in the ume elieiice. ToCONSUBSTANTIaTE, V. A. tiom ton inA fuhf ant: a, Lat.J ;o uni;e in one com ir.on fubftaiice or na lire. CONSUBSTANTI ATiON, S. the union «f tlie bnc*-/ and bl< od cf Chiiit with the bread, after ronlVcratio;), in tlie I'acroment, acrnrt^inp tr< tht^ Lutherans. CONSU'I,. S. [fir ni confuhnJo, Lat.] the title of the chief inagiftrates tt Rome, which were created on the expulTion of the Tattjuins ; they ruled one year ; they WL-reprefiJents in ihe fenate, corhmande>l the armies of the repuMic, and deci-.leii the ditTerence between the citr- zt-ns ; a perfon commifiicncd tojiidge hetwren nitrch.'ilts in foreign p^tts, take care of their in'ereC, and proieft their comnn^rce. CONSU'LAR, Adj. {un;ular!s, Lat.] re laMnp or bclor.ci.ig, to a confui j a conjular man is one who ha' 1-ten a confui. CONSU'LATE, S. [anulaius, Lat.] the office of a ci^nful ; the lime during which a perfiin e^errifrs the i fiice of ? conlu!. CQ/NSULSHIP, S. the offi:e of a ccrful. To CONSU'LT, V. N, {anfulio, L.tJ to dtliberate together. Aiftively, to apj.ly to for advice; to ail with regiird or reflect to ; K) art fo as to pron-:ote forne end. Fipurativrly to ptin c: contrive; to eajinine into the leuti- ilU'iit'! of on ?uth<ir, CONSULT A'TION, S, [Fr. of ionfuha- tio, Lat J the aftof tak'ng the advice ot one or more prrfon ; an zlVrmbly of fcverj! perfons meeting together to givethi-ir ojinoni on any f.iSjert. In Msditiiii', applied lo the cdUing in two or more petfons to coiti'ier the difteni- per ot a peri'on, where a fing'e practitioner ii dubious ol his own abilities and experience; a councth CONSU'LTF-R, S. one who applies to ano'her for rnuivcl, arivire, or intelligence. CONSU'MABLE, Adj that which may be dim mnicd, alli-red, wafli-d, or deflroy.d. To CON-iU'ME, V. A. [conjumo, Lat. (vnf timer, Fr. j to wafte, by fepa:attnE; the parti- cles of a boiiy ; to dimjnilh ; to lelien a per- fon's fortune or ;Tion^y by expenci s ; to doif roy. CONSU'MtR, S. one who fpends, walles, er d''ftr.>v-. To COXSU'MATE, V. A, [ccnform^ier, Fr.j to prr ec> or finiih ; to complete, or ren- der complete; to end. CONSU'MMATE, P.rt. \conf,.'inrKa!us, Lai. J petleil; complete; llniilitri; wuhoot de- fe£l of a/iy ciicuTidance or particular required for its ccnipletion or p rfeOion. CONSUMMA'TION, S. [Fr. 'corfunma- t'lo, Lat.] the com;>!etion or conclufi(,n of any zftion or tindcitakiiig ; the rinal dcterminaii- •n of all (hines. COX'SUWl'TiON, S. [Fr. o( c:rp„:j:i:o, I-at.j the att of cuiilur.iing, wailing, or de- flio'ingj the Hate of wafting, decaying, or pe)i/}iing. In Mcdkine; a decay t^ccAfione ilecay of the body by a gradual waAing of mul- cuhir f..(h. CONSU'MPTIVF, Adj. [from corfume] having the cjiialiiy of wafting, confuming, or 'ieflroying; difeafcd or affe£led with a con- fumption. CONSU'MPTIVENESS, S. a tendency to a confumptlon. CONTARULA'TION, .S. [ciKraii^.Wie, Lst.] a joining of boards or pUnhs together J the aft i;f Isyirg a floor. CONTA'CTION, S. the oft of joining or touching. " Without corporal con/jiiioii.'^ liro~"r. CONT'AGION, S. Ico^ta^w, Lat.] the communic.iting a ai'.eale from one body to ano- ther ; peftilencf, or that which affVdts a pi'r- fon with difeafes by unwholfome e/nuvia. Figuratively, the propiigation of vi-.o, or ths power which vi: e has to propagate itfelf. CONTA'GIOUS, Adj. \co»;ag\eufe, Fr.] infeiftirus ; to be communicated from one to another ; applied to the manner in which pe- ftilfntiO dilealesor vices are propagated. CONTA'GIOUSNESS, S. the quality of propagatinga diforder or vice fiom one perl'oa to anolhrr. ToCONTA'lN, S. [conther,, L»t. coii'e- ?/;r, Fr.j to include any fluid viiihin its fides, applied to a velfel ; comprized, applied to writings. Figuratively, to reftrain or keep within bounds. Neuterly, to be continent or chaf t. LONTA'iNABLE, Adj. pomble to be in- cluded within certain bounds j pofTible to be iiichulcd wiihin a veflcl. To CONTA-'MINATE, V. A. to defile; to pi-llu^e ; lo corrupt by oafe mixture or vice. CONTA'MINATE, Part, [contamlnutus, L.it.J defiled ; pollu'ed, generally applied lo the pi-liution of the marriage bed. CONTAlvIINA'TION, S. the aA of pol- luting; theftatecf a thing defiled or pol- luted. ToCONTE'MN, V. A, {contemno. Lit.] to defpii'e ; to difregird, to flight, ne^jlecl, or defy. 'CONTE'MNER, S. one who de'^pifes, fcorns, or h.is a mean opinion of a thing; one wno hears the thre.iis of another without being concerned ; a delpifer ; a fcorner. To CONTE'MPER, V. A. \con;e»'.pero, Lat.] to moderate, or allay jsy a mixture of I'ome oponfite qu lity. COKTEMPER A'MENT, S. temperaturf, or quality refeonblinf. another. To CONTE'MPERATE, V. A. [from contcrrper \ to diminifli any quality by the addi- tion of its oopolite. CONTEMPFRA'TION, S [from covtem- perate] the act of IsiTening any qual.ty by the roix urc of a contrary one ; tbe adl of temper- ing, cr moderating J the act of blcndii.'j; tippo- , (aic huoiouxs. CON To CONTE'MPLATE, V. A. fconfev: p'atus, UoTVi conleiaficr, Lar,] to confiorr wiili contini:«d attention anJ application ; to mufe: or think with fir&at attention. CONTEMPLATION, S. fludjous orin- tenfe thought on any ful-je£l j the a£l of keep- ing any idea i^roufht ifito the mind, for fome time, aduiily in view ; the employrrent of the thoughts about divine things ; ftudy or ficf.ulation. ' CONTEMPLA'TIVE, Adj. given to th: upht ; ftud:cuf ; emplnved in fluiiy. CONTE'MPLaTIVEL'Y, Ariv. thought- fully j attentively; with deep attention ; liu- dio: fly. CONTEMPLA'TOR, S. [Lat.] one em- ployed in ftudy ; a fiiilrnt. CONTE'MrORARY, Adj. [contemporair.. Fr.J living in the fame age ; born at the fame time ; ex fting at the f.'ine point of tiine. CONTEMl'O'RARY, S. one who lives ?.t the fame time with anotlier. CONTE'MPT, S. [cofjtemptKS, Lat. J the afl ol looking on a thing as an objeft wo'thy of fcorn, and, on account of its meannefs, iin fit for approh:uion 5 the (late of being defpifcd. CONTE'MPTIBLE, Adj. wortiiy of fcorn on account of iti viicne^s or infignificapcy ; tlcfpifcd, or thoiij:ht unworthy of notice, given to dcfpife or tontemn. C0NTE'MPTH5LENESS, S that quality which rcBderS a thing the objedl of fcorn and contt-mpt. CONTE^'MPTIBLY, Adv. meanly ; in a marner dtfervinf contempt. CONT'EMPTUOUS, Adj. ufing an info- lent exprefiion of fcorn and difdain, on account nr the meannefs of a thing, whether it be real or im.i^inary. CONTE'MPTUOU.SLY, Adv. in a man- ner which expreli'cs a mean and difdainful idea c:th'"r of a perfon or thinp. COMTE'MPTUOUSNESS, S, the quality fxpreflivi; of an infol-nt difdain of a thing, on account of is real or fuupoied rueannefs. To CONi E/ND, V: N. [con/endo, Lat.] to ftfivc or ftrutgli in oppofition to another ; 10 vie with j to debate with warmth j to lup- poit an opinion wt!i pofpivenefs. CONIT'NDF.R, S one who oppofes the Opinions of aro'.r.er ; an opponent. CONTE'NT, Adj. [io„te,::us,Ln.] fp.tis- fied wiih one's prefent lot, though not plwf ed with it J fubmitting without oppofi- tion. To CONTE'NT, V. A. to fatisfy fo as to flop cumplarni ; to confine one's defues to that which is in our ponVfTion ; torellrain our ac- tions wiihin certain lir.its ; to (jive a perlon his demands ; fo as to hinder him fro.Ti mak- ing any morr. CONTE'NT, S. a di/poCtion of mind, whereby a pcri'on confines liis Jefires to whjt lie enj'.ys, without murmuring at his lor, or vt.lhing ardently for more. Ufen content^ a CON commercial pbrafc for on triift._ Arpli;.-! to vvritij.gs cr opin;ons, fuch ,.s are im^h.itltr believed or acquieced in without examination. " The fenfe they humbly take ufon conttnt." Pope. In the plural, that which is contained or included in ai!y veflel, or receptacle j the capnciiy of containing ; the purpart of any writing; ih2 chief rhirgs treated of by any author. *• Th; fi;;:/f;;?5 of both books.'' CONTENT A' HON, S. fatijlaftion or content. eONTE'NTED, Part, refgned to the dlf- penfjiions of Providence j ijinfird wi'Ii one's prelcn- Ijt, without n".u:muting at its dcttc- ir.en fs, or defiling more. CONTE'NTION, S, an oppofition in fen- timeiits or opinions ; a warm elpouf<il of any d.ftrine or inteicft in opi/ofition to o'h'ns ; ea- gcrnef? to bring shout a defign ; < mul.-'.t-.on. CONTE'NTIOUS, Adj. inclined to op- pofe (he ftntiments of another ; qujircllome; ii'lgious. C ONTE'NTIOUSLY, Adv. out cf a fond- nefs for opr.ofition or coiitr.idiflion. CONTE'NTIOUSN'eSS, S. pronenefs to oppcf-, contend, or quarrel with. lONTE'NTLESS, Aoj. di(Taii;fi.'d wih one's pr^fent condition ; void of reAgnUion ta the difpenfalions oi Providence. CONTE'N 1 MEKT, S. [ccr.'.ertefKsnt, Fr.] full fatislaiticn in prefent enjoyment, without a wi/K for more j plealuie; gratification; o^ delight. To CONTE'ST, N. A. [cor.tej^er, Fr.] to difpu'.e ; to oppole sn opi.nion ; to cjU in qoef- tioii ; to contend with a per'on for any rjght, property, or other (ubjeft. Nduteily, to ftrive, contend, vie cr emulate. CONTE'ST, S. a difpute, or oppofition of opinions; a difference; a con'roverl'y. CONTE'STABLE, Adj. that wnich may be difpu'ed. op]H>ie.d, or controverted. CONTE'STaBLENES.S, S. poflibility of brine difauted, or controverted. CONTEST.A'TION, S. the aft of opp^if- in;; the fent.ments of another; Ihile ; conui- diifl'on. CO'NTEXT, S. \ccr.tcxtu, Lat.] the ge- neral tenor and fcri. s of a d;fcour!'e; tlie p.itts which precede or follow a fintence q'loted. CO'NTIiX'l", Part, woven clofe together; interwoven. CONTE'XTURE, S. [from cor.text] the peculiar ar.ingemtn.t, crder or ditpofition of the parts of u body; tht: compoficion v%li:ch is forraed ironi an union of various, an.t prcvi- oufly fcpara'c pans ; ccnllitution ; the man* nerin which anv thing is woven or formed. CONTlCK.VriON, S [rciz/jr-'ar.-*, Lat.] a frame of be.ims or boards joined together j the ?.<fl of fr.iming or joining the pans ^f a building log-^.thcr. CONTIGU/ITY, S. [from cnrnc^untn'] a<ffiul touching; a fituation in which two things t.u.h each oihsr. S a CON'- C O N can CONTITjUOUS, Adj. [rsnfh^uus, Lat,]' rrom any intermifTion, refpite, paufe or cefia* meeting lo a? to touch ; bordering, applied to countries or places, which join. CONTI'GUOUSLY, Adv. in luch a man- ner as to touch or join. CONTI'GUOUSNESS,S. touching; near- nels, (o PS to touch. CONTl'NEXCE, or CONTINE'NCY, S. [continence, Fr. contv.cKtia, Lat. J reftrjint, or a command over our thoughts and paflions ; continuance or uninterrupted feries ; chaftity, CONTl'NENT, Part, [cvulren,, Lr.t ] chafte; refl rained from an immoderate ufe even of lawful pleafures ; contiguous, or join- ed to. CONTl'NENT, S . [w^nrnw, Lat.jin Geo- graphy, a large extent of land, containing fe- veral Icii.gdoms not divided by the fea ; that which contains or includes anv thing. To CONTI'NGE, V. N. [contingOy Lat.] to touch : to teach ; to happen. CONTI''NGENC£, or CONTl'NGEN- CY, S. [from ccmingsm, Lat.j the quality ot being free to exift or not lo trft, applied to future events, and oppofej to tliofs which muft neced'aiilv happen. CONTI'NGENl', Adj. [cortrtigens, Lat.] not nerelTarily happening ; cafurl. CONTINGENT, S. fomething cafual, or uncertain ; a future event which may or mav liot happen, acceroing as things fhall be cir- cumftanced. CONTl'NGENTLY.Adv.in a contingent, ancertain, ra'^uat manner. CONTI'GENTNESS. S. tiie quality which denominates an aflion, or future event to be uncertain with regird to its exiftenre. CONTJ'NUAL, Adj. >'conii.-:i,us, Lat.] in cefiant; without in'erti;ption,fucceeding,with- out anv refpite or tntermi.^lion. CONTI'NUALLY, Adv. without any yiul"e or refpite ; without ceafmg. CONTl NUANCE, S. [from corftr::!] an uninterrupted fuccelTion, hab'it, or repeated afl of the fame kind ; abode or dwelling for fome time in the fame place; duration ; procefs of lime ; peifeverance. C0NTi'rs7JATE, Adj. {contlruatui,h^t.] intimately, or clofel) ; uninterrupted ; unbro- ken, or inreflanr. CONTi'NUATION, S. an uninterrupted ^urceffinn. CONTI'NUATJVE, S. an exprefTion which denotes continuation, peimanency, or duration. CONTI'NUATOR, S, He that keeps a fucceffion without inC'-.nvption, one who goes on with the work which another his left im- perft(n', or carries it on. To CONTl'NUE, V. N. [ccririruer, Fr. rnn!i>:ue, Lat.j to remain with a petfoii; to i.ifl-; to endmv; to unite without any inter vfniig fubftance; to proceed in an acf ion Without inietruptiiin. CONTrNUEDLY, Aqv. in a manner f;«e tion ; without cealing. CONTl'NUER, L. one who perfe'»es ir\ jny aiHon without interruption or ceafing. COKTINUl'TY, S. [corthwras, Lit. J. dofii union ; the texture or cohefion of the parts of an animal body. CONTINUOUS, Adj. \contlnuui, Lat,] joined together without any chdfm or interve- ning f(;ace. CONTl'NUUM, S. [Lat.] in Phyficr, 7t quantity or coextenfion, vvhofe parts are con- ncifled together, fo as to leave no poflibillty of Oftermining where oue begins, or the other To CONTO-'RT, V. A. [contortum, fit- pine of ccniorquco, Lat.j to wreft, twift, or wri'he. CONTO'RTION, S. [from contort] the aftion of twilling; the twifting or wrefting of a member of the budy out of its place; the frate of a member that is awry. CONTO'UR, S. j"Fr. pronounced ro.vrior] in Defigning and Painting, an outline which limits or determines any figure. The contour of J face, is ufed by the Italian?, for the fea- tures or lineaments. CONTRA, Prep. [Lat.] u^'ed in Com- merce, to (igni*\ the fide of an account con- trary to the debt ; t. c. the credit fide. Irj Compoftion, it fignifies cri':trary, or ra^injl. CONTRAB'AND,Adj \cont>ahan!la,iu\.] that which is prohibited by the laws of natuie or nations ; illegal. ToCONTRA^HAND, V. A. [from the noun] to import prrhibited goods. ToCONTRA'CT, V. A. \c:r.traa^,m,(M- pine of cmtra.bo, Lat.j to draw tofietlier ; tn draw into one mafs ; to comprise ; to make a bargain ; to betroth, applied to a compaft be- tween a man and woman; to acquire; to drav/ together; to incur; to obtain; to fhorten ; to abridge ; to reduce to a narrower ccmpafs, Neuterly, to flirink, to grow fhort. CONTRACT, S. [from the verb] an a- ereement entered into by two parties; a com- pail: ; the a£l of betrothing; a wrieinit which contains ttie terms or conditions of a bargain or agreemenr, CON rRA''CTEDN £.«;.';, S. the quality which denotes a thing to be reduced info a narrower compafs ; narrownefs or fmallnefsj extent. CONTRACTI'BILITY, S. the pofTibilitv of being reduced to a lefs compafs by ihrink- ing. CONTRA'CTIRLE, Adj. capable of being. reduced to a narrower compals. CONTRAC'TIBLF.NESS, S. the quality of being red'tc.'d to a lefs compafs by (hrink- ing, or of fulfsrinc contraiHion. CONTR.A'CTILF, Adj. having the power of contra^ing or of {hortening iileit". CONTRA'CTION, S. \contrjSh'^, Lat.] she aft pf fliottenine .-> v-r'n'ir^, or reJucinp' C O Tn rti« fubftance of it to lefs compafs ; the jfl of flirinkingor decrecidng in inaKniturie or dimen- <ion5 J the (late ot a tiling fhrunk, Hiriveled, or drawn into a narrower compafs. In Gram- mar, the reducing twofylhbks or vowels into one, as cjni for cann'A. To CON rRA'DI'CT, V. A. [centradiaum, La'. J to oppofe or alTert a thing quite oppofite or <ontr3ry to another ; to deny the aliertinn of another ; foopppofe 3 to be oppofKe, or ir- reroncileaKle with. CONTRADl'CTER, S. one who oppofes the fentiments ofanothvrj an opponent. CONTRADI'CTiON, S. the atrerting by words, that the opinion ot another is falfe j ou- pofition ; inconfiitency ; contrariety j a fpccies of dire£l oppofition. CONTRADI'CTIOUS, Adj. inconfiftent, or oppofite j inclined to oppofe, cavil %t, or contra.-licl another. CONTRADl'CTIOUSNESS, S. incon- fidence, oppofition, or contrariety. CONTRADICTORILY, Adv. inconfift- ently ; in fuch a manner as to be guilty of in- confifTencies fli' contradicfUons. CONTRADICTORINESS, S. the high- eft degree of oppofition, applied to truths or ooinions. CON CON'TR ARIES, S. fpliir.i! of conlrM}'^ propolitionswhich mutually drflroy each otlier, aiiJ cannot both be true at ilie fame time; or oppofites, which beineofthe Lme kind or j common nature, fut. filling by turns in the tame fubjeit, are as remote from each otiier as poffible, and mutually expel each other j luch are whiienefs and blacknefs ; cold and heat ; &c. CONTRARIETY, S. [from contrarktas, low Lat ] oppofition 5 iiiconfiftency ; a quality or pofition oppofite to, and delttudivc of another. CONTRA'RILY, Adv. in a manner oppo- fite to, incciifident, or irreconcileable with ; differently ; in oppofite directions, CONTRA'RINESS, S. the quality of be- ing oppoleH to, or inconfillenc with. CONTR A'RIOUS, Adj.[«K.VdW//i, Lat.] oppofite; different in the higheft: degree. CONTR A'RIOUSLY, Adv. oppofitely ; in contrary or oppofite directions ; in a man- ner inconfillent. CONTRA/RIWJSE, Adv. on tBe con- trarv ; in a contrary manner. CONTRARY, Adv. [rontrar^tis, Lat] ap- plied to qualities or truths, which are fuch cppofites to one another, that the former can- CONTRADl'GTORY, Adj. [contra^lino- 1 not fubfift in the fame Cubjed, and the latter r/aj, low Lat.J opppofjte to, or inconfiltent be true at the fame time; inconfiflent ; dif- irh. agreeing; in an oppofi'e' dirc-Qion, or unfa- vour.^ble. applied to the wind. CO'NTRARY, S. \cor.ira,ks, \n ihc plu- ral] a thing wbich has qu.ilities oppofite to thole of another ; a nropolition or truth oppa- fite to another. On (be contrary, borro.ved from the commercial phrafe/'errs'.Vr.?, fignific-s on the oppofite fiJe ; or in oppofition to fome thing which has been alledged or offered. To ij-e contrary, to an iiitention or purpofe quite contrary ; againft ; or in oppofition to the performance of'any aftion. " They did it, notv;ithftiudtng ail 1 could fay to the con- rtar]'.'' CONTRA-'ST, S. [conf>-aJ}e, Fr.] in Paint- ing and Sculpture, an oppofition or difference between the po'iiion, altitude, &c. of any two fi'^urcs, or the lines whiih form objftt', by me ins whereof tliey cauft a variety, and tend to let oiTcich glher. In Aiciiiteflure, the avoiding of the repetition of the fame ihingii; order to picdfe by va-iety ; as in the gillery of the Louvre, the pediments arc atteriutely arched and angular. To CONTR.A'ST, V, A. in r,.ir,tirg, to place in a contrary attitude, (S'c, in or- der to fet off one figure by another. Figu- r.)lively, to fet Ln contrary pofitians ; to fet onr iliing oil", by coupling it with, ei jatroducin^ another. CONTRAVALLA'TION, S.rfroin ctn'trm jnd -val/o, Lat. J in F<.itificati(!n, the means 'lied by an army to defend themfelves from the allies of a town thry betifge, confifJing of a icnch guarded by a p.vi<ipet, without niuftctt i> 3 , flict CONTR ADI'STINCTION, S. [fromon- ■trad'ijiin^uipi^ the explanation or determining the \en(c of a word, by producing c;ie that has an oppofite fignificat'on. To CONTRADISTINGUISH, V. A. to diftinguifh or explain by contraft, or producing £ contrary quality. CONTRAFI'SSURE, S. in Surgety, a crack or filfure in the ikull, in that part oppo- fite to that wherein the blow was received. To CONTR A'! N Die ATE, V, A. [from contra and induo, Lat.] to point out a method controry to the pencral tenor of a difcafe ; as when a vomit might feem advifeable, the pa- tient's being fubjeift to vomiting, fhews, thai it ought bv no means to be D'cfcribe !. CONTRAINDICATION, S. [from <:<«- trii'ind'icjte] in Hhyfic, a fymptom, which for- bids that to be done which the main Irope of a dilea^e, at firll thought feems to point out. <:ONTRA'MURE, S. {c.'itnnr.ire, Fr.J in tor'ificalion, an out-wall about, or oopofite to ihc main wall of a city. In HuiMing, a wall built betore a partition wall, to iheugihen it, find keep it horn receiving damage Irom the adj.Tcent buildings. •CONTRANrTENCY, -S. [from contra and nileiHy Lat,] a contrary rcfiftance, re- ait 00. or a reliiiance to .iny force. CONTRATUSFnON, [from coK.'rd and .p'J-.tion] tKe placing oppo6te, or over-ae.iinft. CONTRA'RIANT, Anj. [Fr. from .on- .:rarier, Fr.j conir*(iittory ; opp»f«e aad irrc concikable in fenfc. 7 CON ftot of the town, and drawn between the be- fit ger? ?tid the town. To CONIRA/VENE, V. A. [from nntra and len'x, Lit.] to oppofe ; toobflruft the per- formance of a thing ; to acl contr. ry to a bar- gain, tontra^l, or agreement. COKTRAVE'N'TION, S. [f.om c.rfra tvnf] an oppofi'ion to sny law; a violation of, or jftins cdorrarv to a law. CO^^rRAYE■'RVA, S. in medicine and Ei.tiriv. a fpfcies ct bif hwrirt. CONERyaUTARY, AHj. ["rom ccurri- h:.te] paying a trib'-ite to the lame per^.m ^ con< urring to promote a defipr. To CONTRIGUTF., V.' A. [ccr:ri>-utum, J^at.J to g've or pjy a portion of money towards cairyina; on fome C'!m;ti(in defign. Neiiteily. to prorr.r.io, or be.T a part or fli.ire in tiie pro- tnotini; aov drfian. CONERICU'TION, S. the a£l cf paying a ibare of the fxpei!ces required to cairy on jnydtfign;, a fum paid.by a town taken, or in danger of being taken, by an enemy, ti- pff vent its bcji'^g phmdced ; a fum of money cclleifle.! from k-veral persons, CONTRI'BUTIVE, Adj. [from ccrtril-ute] that wbich piomot«sany defign incorjiintt on with other thinjs or perfons. CONTRi'BUTCk, S. [cortribjtum. Lit.] one who bears a part in the meafures tsksn to accompiil/i any ciefign ; one who pays his fliare towards raifmg a fiiiTi ot money, CONTRIBUTORV, Adj.'promotin? the fame cod 5 payiog a fhare towards raifiiig a corrmcn funi, or certain lum. CONTRITE, Adj. [fiom contritus, Lat. of cor.tao, Lnt. to bruife] in its primary fignifica- tion, biiiifed, or m'uch worn. In Divinity, forrowf"! for f-n frn-ri a love of God. CONTR I'TiOK, S. [comntio, Lat.] in its prinr.ary k"fe, the dft of rubbing two bodies againft eaih other, fo ?s to wear ofl lome parts cf their furfaces. " The breaking of their *' parts in'o lefs parts by contrition.^' Neivtoni Oj-t. ]n Divinity, that fonow for f:n which aiifes frnm the lovr of God and virtue, CONTRl'VAELE, Adj. pofi-ble to bedif- covered, or o'.-Mincd by the mird. CONTRi'VAMCE, S. [from ccnin-ve] the pu'jefling or planning the moft pofTible me- thods to accomphfh any defign, or attain any en.l. Figuratively, a plan j a fcheme 5 a plotj an artifi-e. To CONTRIVE, V. A. [corttrou-^'er, Fr.j to invent, plan, or project the means of at- taining anv end, or accoxplifhing any defign. Ncuterlv. to form, defign, or lay a plot. CON TRi'VER, S. an inventer ; a pro- icd^or ; or.e who forms pr'.ijecTs for the attain- ing ai rnd, o- acco.7iplilhing lome d.-fijin. (. OK ERO'L, L. \ccni.o'.e, Ft, i. e. icriie rde, Fr. J '.he account kept by a perlon as t check upon another. Figuratively, rcitrjint ; chcvk ; ifVi'er; aiilhori'y; domiiiion. ToCONiivO'L, V. A. [itova the nounj CON to examine the accounts of another by a check kepc a^ainft hm. Figur.uivelv, toreflrain; to keep under reftraint ; to govern ; to over- power : to confiit?, or gainfay. CONTRO'l-LABLE, Adj. lijble to be controlW, ov;r-ruled, or retrained j fubje£t to conllraint. CONTRO'LLER, S. a perfon who ex- amines publie accounts by a check ; one who his the power of ovcr-ruline, retraining, cr joverniiii the a^ir ns of another. • ^ CONTRO'LERSHII', S. the office or emp'.ovmtnt of' 3 cr>itro!lrr CONTROLL'MENT. S. the power of re- ilraining the actions, or active powers ot ans- ther ; oppofition 5 refiflMnce, CON'iROVERSlAL, Ai']. \Uot!\ ccvtrc- "■^'trjyl rel<'.ting to dilpute or oppufition of len- iimcn;s ; that which may be difpu'e-*. CONTROVE'RSy. S. {eo,itroi,erfia, Lit ] an op|:ofiti(.n of opinions or fintiments, gene- rally applied to difpules carried on with fome warmth in writing or print 5 a fuit at Jaw about the property of a thing; oppofition, or (IruEgiioc aj;ainfl the force ot a thing. To COXTROVE'RT, V. A. [c'.ntrcvtrto, Lat.] to oppofe the feniimenls of another in wtiiine. CONTROVE'RTIELE, Adj. that which may give occafion to dilpute; that which may be oppofed. CONTROVER.TI.ST, S. a perfon often engugeH in difputes wiih authoi<i. CONTUMACIOUS, Adj. \contvmaci!,^et' nitive of fowfuw.'jv, Ear.] inlolen'ly obftinate, implying a contempt ot authority, and ail- ing from a fpirit of iniolent oppofition. CONTUMA'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as fhews an infclert obftinacy, or dis- obedience of lawful authority. ^ CONTUMA'CY, S. [contwmcia.l.iu'] dif- obedience of lawful authority, incluJing info- lence, pcrverfenefs, and the highe.1 degree of impudence. CONTUME'LIOUS, Adi. Icontumelwjusy Lar. I reproat.hlul ; fuil of poignant and lar- caflic expreflions, including contempt in the uie and intention to aggravate and vex the perfon it is ufed .igainft. Figuratively, a per- fon frequently uting reprcathlul language; that which ocralions reproifch. CON rUME'LIOUSl.Y, Adv. in a rude, np'oachful, contemrtunu', orabufive manner. CONTURIF./LIOUSNESS, S. tn^t quality which arifes from or denuminates any expref- flons to be rudely reproachful, and abounding wi,h bitteincfs. CONTUME'LY, S. [La;.] languaee a- bouniing with the bitteeft c::prtil!ons intend- ed tofuijefta pe'fon to iheiepioach of others, and to render h'm ur.eil'y. Fif.ui.i!iv:ly, in- famy, whiih fii'^jftis a peiKm to the reproaches of others. " Eiernal conn/tt:(!y attend thit guilty liile." yiddij. To CONTU'SE, V. A. [.ir.tujlv:, fopine CON pfcontundo, Lat.] in its primary fijinifictlon, to b«af together ; to bruife. In Surgery, to htirt by a blow, ar feme blunt body, 1o &s m diicolo'ir the (kin, by an extravafation of the b'.ood, feff. wiihout breaking it, or deftroying its con'ir.uity. CONTU'SION, S. Icontu/o, Lat.] the ift of beating or bfuidng. Figuratively, the efFstl of heating or bruifing. In Med'cine, a hart otcafioned by a fall, or blow from any biun^ weapcn, w"hich by forcing blojd trom foiue ot iht: capillaries, dii'colours the /kin, without cutting it, or defii-oying its continuity. CONVALE'SCiZNCE, or CONVALE- SCENCY, S. a iccovcry of health. CONVALE'SCENT, F?rf, [con-vaJefcem, Lat.] recovering ; or returning from a difordtr to a fiate of health. To CONVE'NE, V. A. {con-vemr, Fr. cct,- •venl'j, Lat] to call togetlier by fiiin:noni j lo allVmble a nuniUer c! perfons into the lame phre ; to fummons to appear, in ,i I.iw fenfe. Neuterly, to rome or afle nble together. CONVE'NIENCE, or CONVLNIENCV, S. [ccmJenientia, Lat.] the fuita Icnefs or fit- nefs of a thing to promote anv end; advantage; profit ; eaft; ; or freedom from any o'Diuuc- tion. oitScuhy, oremb rrKfi.iiPnt, CONVE'NIENT, Adj. ("Ani'SK'ew, Lat.] f,( ; fiiitable to efteil an end ; proper, or ne- cen"jty j free froffi obfliuftion?. Applied to fjtuation ; commodious ; ft^afon.ible. CONVE'NIENTLY, Adv. fuitahle with a ■perfon's cafe, intetefl, or advantage ; commo- cioi.fly; properly. CO'NVENT, S. [ro;.'w;/z.s Laf.] an af- iembly of p'.'rfcns dedicating themfelves en- tirely to the fervice of religion, ;nd without any comnnerce with the world ; the place in- habi'cd bv the religious of cither fex. CONVE'NTICLE, S. [a diminutive of convfnt'\ an ailembly. Figuratively, a place ef worfliip, generally applied, by waim church- men, to the meetings of non-coiiforini(ls, by way of reproach ; a fecret affembly for the con- tiivance of fon:ie plot, or crime. " Myfelf had " notice of your csnveriticies.'" ■'•hakef. CONVE'MTICLER, S. one who frequents private and iinljwfiii aden'.blies, CONVF/NTIOK, S. [«,;wn;;-c, Lat.] the coming together ; union ; an allcm'My met tn debate on, or decide any point ; a contrart or agreement for .i certain time, ulcd for a prc- liininary or a definitive treav. CONVE'NTIONAI,, Adj. flipulatcd ; ot agreed to by bargain or coniracl. CONVE'-NTIONARY, Acj. afting ac- cording to the articles of fome agreement or contract. CONVE'NTUAT,, Adj. Iconventucf. Fr.] beloneing to a convent. CONVE'NTU'»L, S. [from ron-ver.t] a monk ; or one vvlio lives in a convene. ToCONVE'RGE, V. N. \ con-vergo, Lnt.] to meet in a point j to approach ijeai\r to each CON other till they ioin in a point, spplierl to the nvsof light, or lines drawn from different lurtaces. CONVE'RGENT, Part. [con-:.-fgers,L3f.'] ilTuing Irom divi'rs points, and at>proaching ne.uerto eachother till they aieet in a point. CONVE'RSAP.LE, Adj. ("writtea fume- times con^'eijibk, but improperlv; it is com- pared by more and mofl conue f.tbU, f*!,] quali- fied or fit for converfjtion ; fit for company ; atl.ibie ; inclined lo communicate icnowledge or (entimenr* to another. CONVE-RSABi.ENES.S, S. the quality flowing fiom.ifl'ability and good-nature, -.vhicli renders conviirfation sgiee tbh:. CONVE'RSABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to tn.;;>ge Viie converliittion of othi-rs, and entt-rtsin th.'m acrecably with riifcoiirf;. CONVE'ilSAN r, Parr. iif;d or habituated to, " CGii--jeifani in Ijocks." Famili.u'y .ic- (jiuinted v.ich ; intimate ; having intercourie with. Uled with al),ut, it implie?, enripkufd j engaged ; lelating to ; havinij tor its u'lject ; Or concerning. CONVEI^SA'TION, S [coniitr^aur,, Lat.] eafy di/courfc with ancthci ; a farnilliar di'* coutfe; jnt'.'r.'ourfe ; cnmiiieice ; bsh.yiourj lite ; or moral condu£t. CONVE'RSATiVE. Adj. fit for conver- faiiiHi, or intertoutfi witii men, oppofcd to contemplative. To CONVE'RSE, V. N. {coni'trU, Fr.] converjo, Lat. J in its primary fianification, to live with ; to keep company with. Figura- tively, to hold intercour/e with ; to be ac- onainted with by flady ; to be ul'ed to; to dif- ■ courfe, or convey one's thouglits to another by familiar difcourfe. CO'NVERSE, S. [fometimes accented on the laft lyilable, and ufcd by I'jpe both wavsj converliition, or the fennments of a perfoa conimunlcaKd in familiar difcourfe. Figuta- tively, familiiar acq'iain'.ance, In Geometry, the drav.'ina a conilufion from lornething lup- pofed, and after -.vards drawing the propofuioii, luppofed as a contlufion from theace. VONVE/RSELV, Adv. with change of ordtr; in a contrary order ; reciprocally, CONVE/RSIONT, S. [conwrjk, Lai'.J the change from one flate to another. In Divini- ty, a change troin wickedncfs topietv, or from a falfe religion 'O a true one. In Rhetoric, the retorting ot an argument, whercoy it is fliewn on oppofite fides. In Algebra, the re» (hieing an equation or quantity fought, if in fia£tions, lo one common dcnotiliiiator, omit- ting the denortiinalorfj anii continuing the e- quation in the numerators o.niv, CONVE'RSIVE, Adj. fit for conv?rfati')ii or difcourfe ; inclined to co.-nmunicate lenti- ments by dilconrfe. ToCONVL'RT, V. A, \con-jcrto, Lat. coiTveiiir, Fr.] to change into another fub- Itance ; to chai;ge fiom one religion to ano'.her, gencially ufcd for a chinte from a f..lfc ip ' S 4 true C ON true one; to chsnge the term of a propofi- ^jl^n ; to iinii:'rji(), or (ohcv a chnn^e. CO'NVLR'J', S. [from the veibj a perfon prevailed on to ch.-.nge his religion. CONVL/RTER/S. 3 perfon who perfuades another to changfr his religion. CONVfRTi'BlLlTY, S. the q>isti<y of beingitnoljidtof tonvcrfion J the pojnbility oi onverfion. CONVE'RTIBLE, Adj. that which m..v te changed; that wh'ch may be ali-ered with Tefpeft to ils f>uiliti sj th»t which may be tranlmuted; thJt which may be iiitcrch^jnged, or ufeii ir.lfrad of anot:;er. CONVt'RTll.'Ly, Adv. infuch a manner as to be interchanged or ufed one for the o- ther. CONVE'X, AHj. [com-cxL-s, Ut.] Twellinp to the view ; protuberznt, applied to the ex- ternal furfsce of a globe, or circular body. Ufed fubtt^rilively for convexiiy. CONVrX'ED, Part, [ftcm ««wx] bend jng outwarciy, ajiplied to the outward i'urt'ace of any round bot'v. CONVE'XEDLY, Adv. protuberant ; in a convex foim ; or like the cutwara furface of a globe. CONVE'XITY, S. bendir.g, or portube ^ance. CONVE'XLY, Adv. in a convex t'orm. CONVE'XNESS, S. the quality arifmg from the external fwtlling or btnding of a round bodv. CONVE'XO CONCAVE, Adj. hollow on cne fide, ?nd convex on the ether. To CO'NVEY, V. A. [on-vrho, Lat ] to move from one pl.ice lo another; to tranfpoit ; to tranfmit ; to transfer a right or property to anether ; to introduce. CONVE'YANCE, S. the aft of moving a thing from one place to another ; a method of fending gocds from one place to another. Figuratively, the means or inf!nirrients by \vhich any thing is in'roduced from one plsce to another ; the transferring of property from one to the aihcr; the tranfmiting a truth by tradition; a v. rting or inftiument by which property is transferred. CONV'L'YaNCER, ?. a lawyer conveV- fant in drawing wiitings whereby pprevry is transferred from one perfon to another. CONVE'YER, S. a pcrfoo v ho cirrie? oi removes goods from one place to another: one V ho is engaged in rondufling waters tVorr' one p'ace to another by means of pipes, chan- rieis, £iff. To CONVICT. V. A {con-J^.^li'm, fup'ne ot oni'tr.co, Lat.-j to prove guilty of fomc cr'me. CO'NVICT, S. a psrfon prcved to be guiltv of a Clime. CONVIVTION, S. the proof of guilt either Ly being outlawed, by appearing ar-i confi fling, or by inqu''l> ; the aft of proving a cr;mei coii!ut<ilicn ^ confcloufacfs cf gti h. CON CONVI'CTIVE, Adj. haviog the povfer ol convincioi!. To CONVi<NCE, V. A. \conz'inco, L^t.] to pri v.; any propofttioii fo as to make a per- fc.u acknowledge its truth j to evince, mani- fcfl^, or vinf*ifate. CQNVFNCEMENT. See CONVIC- riON. CONYI'NCIBLE, A.^j.cai>ahle of acknow- ledging the lirengih ot a proof or evidence; c.ipabU ot" being tonvifted or proved ^uil y ; liablf to be confuted. CONVl'N'CIKG.Y, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to triake a perfun fee and aclcnowiedgg the truth of anv pronnfuion. CONVl'NCiNGNESS, S. the evidence of any fitl or iru'h. CONVi/VAL, or CONVIVIAL, Adj. \ coKvt-via'is, Lat. J re-atinii to an enieitair.mci.t ot fever.il peiKons. CONU'NURUM, S, fa cant word] a low iefi or quibble, drawn from ihc double ("gni- itcation of words, or diftant rtl'emblante of thinas. To CONVOCATE, V. A. [from ron-vn- catu-n. fupine vii coni;')co, Lat. J ro call feve-al pcrlons together ; to fummc n feveral p^rfoiis to meet, or come, to an aflcmbly. CONVOCA'TION, S. [Fr. cc.n--.cauo. La .] iheatl of railing feveral pcrfons to an = fl"enibly; an aflVmbly j an ailembly of the clergy, for confultation on matters ecclefiafti- cal, duiing the filling of parliament ; ihefg are two hoiifes; the upper, wherein the arch- bifnops and bilhops fit ;' and the lower, where the inferior clergy &re re.p'efenred by their de- puties. L kewife an bfl"c;T)bly at Oxford, confifting of the vice chancellor, doftors, and maders of arts, wherein the conferring of degress, expulfion of delinquent members, ancj other afl'jirs relating to the univeifity, confi- dered ds a bodv corporate, are tranfatled. ToCONVO'KE, V. A. [<oni-oco, Lat. fo.i- ■:.;yi/:r, Fr.j to call together feveral perfons j to f'lmnifin to an ali<;mbly. I'd CONVC'LVE, V. A. \cnr>i-onoj, Lat. J to roll together ; to roll one pail over aimfher. CONVOLU/TEO, Patt. [coniohtus, Lat.] twitted, writhed, or rolled up, lo that ene pait brs over another. CONVOLL'ilON, S. [wno/u/io, Lat ] the aft of rolling the parts ot a thing over one another ; th:: Hate Ot a thing rolled up, fo as its pirt? dole over eich other. ToCONVU'Y, V. A. \co,iT'oy(r, Fr.] tp guard or proreft fiiips by .''e.i, or provifions by la^'d, trom falling into the Innris ol an enemy. CONVO'Y S. [t-w;t , Fr.] one or more ihips attending a fleet of mercliints, in order t.i prrteft them from an enemy, or from ih-e attacks of pir.'tes. t'ONl"SANCE, -S. \nrK'.:;i:r.c/;Tr.] no- tice; knnwleope J or .lU'.iiOlity ot en.^uiring iaio in zd'ik. To coo To CONyU'LSE, V. A. {coivulfum, fu- Bine o( cunvc'lo, Lat.] in MeJitiiife, to give aa involuntary motion or contraitioii to any parts of the boiv. CONVU'LSIOM, S. [csr-vulfio, Lat.] in Medicine, a continued invoiuntdry niot;on, or contratlion ot any p irt of the body, contrary to the manner in which it is L-.fed to move by tlie diteciio'i of" the will. Figuratively, the Ircalcing af.inJer the parts of a body by a vioK-nt torct, .-ttPiided with a very loud noife; a tiimiiit, or c./nrimotion, applied to (late affdirs. C0XVL"^LS1>'E, Am. (coni-ulji/. Ft.] that which gives an involuntary motion, twitches, or fpafais. In Medicine, applied to thole mo- tions which rjturally depend on thev.il!, but by fome diforder are can led involuntarilv. CQ'NEV, S. [Irotn koniin, Bi-li;. ccnr.ln, or conn'il, Fr, con'tgl'io, \t>\. kanin, Tejt. ] in Na- tural Hiftory, a creature which burroughs and breeds in warrens ; a rabbit. A coney burrough, a hole m.ide by a rabbit in the ground, or a place where rabbits breed and huvruuah. To COO, V. N. [iortned from the found] to make a mournful noife like a Hove. CQOIC, S. [ci/oco, Itdl, C1JUUS, Lat.] a perfon who profclTes to drcfs vidluah for the table. A cook'-mj'd is a fen:ia!e employed in dreiTirtg vif-toalf. To COOK, V. A. [«po, Lat. See.the noun] to prepare viiiluals. Figur.^tively, to prepare any tiling for a particiilir de/isin. COCKER Y, S. the art of drefilng vicT:uiis. COOL, Adj. [ioaiin, Btlg.] a IcfTsr (.'ej;rec of ciilo.'iefs ; approaching to, or fomewliat cold. Figuratively, free frotD anjer or anv violent pafTion ; not over fund ; indift'-Tent j unaftedled with any palTion or love. To COOL, V. A. [kooU-; Relg.] to JefTcn heat. Neuterly, to lole heat ; to become iefs hot. Figuratively, to becomj lefs eager by the imrullc of any pdilion or inclination. COO'LliR, S. that which has the power of (iimini/hing or lelfening the degree of heat in ar)y body j a velfel made ufe of by urc^iveis to cool their fweet wort in. COO'LLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be between hot and cold. Figuratively, wiiii- oi;t hear or paljion. COO'LNESS, S. a middle (late between excflfive heat and excellive told, Figua'iveiv ! iipplitd to the paflions, freeiiom from any \i- olent rtRe£lion ; want of corifial love, or af- fertionue regard ; in.lirterence. COOM, S. [cu!?:I^:e, Fr. cuwu/us, J.jt. a '.fip] the foot :l)at gjilicrs over an oven's moiiih ; the matter which woik.5 out of the wheels (.f carriages. cool', S. [h.yf<€, Bdg. cu'j.i. Ital.j a vef- fcl lor keeping I quor ; a pen or intloiure to Confine poultry in. ToCOOF, V. A. f from the n(;un] to con- fin?, fhut up, or indole in a narrow comp-fs. COOl'EE, S. fFr.J the name of a iarti- cular ilcp or motion in dinting. COP CO0'?ER, S. oHff who makes cjfks, or any veiul wnofe parts are he^J together by hoops. To CO-OPERATE, V. A. [from comni opcratiis, part, of o^-eror, Lar.J to hbour wirli another, in order to perlcct or finiGi any work 5 to concur in producing the fame efteci-. CO-O'PERATION, S. the act bv which two or more perfons or things contiibute tj promote the fame end. CO O'FERATIVE, Adj. concurring to promote the lame defign, to produce the fame effort. CO-O'PERATOR, S. he that endeavours 10 promote tiie fame end as otheis. CO-0'RDINATE,Adj.[«-<,r^,„a,'w,Lat.} of equal rank, order or degree with another. COO'RDINATELY, Adv. in tiie fame order, or rank, with another. CO-ORDIN'ATEN£SS, S. the ftate of a thing of a decree or rank etiual wirh another. CO ORDINA'TION, S.theft.teofhold- ing the fame rank or deeree. COOT, or COOTE,'s. [ioer, or maerkoh, Belg. rc.'/f, Fr. tiiU, Ital.J in Natural Kiftory, a wjrer fov/1, (req'ienting inarfhes and fens. COP, S. 'cop, Sax. kopf, Teur.] the top ; the top or he^d of any ttiing ; or any thing rifing to a head or poinf. Hence a co'>, vul- gaily called a cod of hjy. COPa'L, S. [Span.] a refinous fub.flance, pure, tranfp.trent, of a watery colour, and a fragrant fmell. It flows our of the trunk of a tree by inciHon, is infl.im.matle, dilFolublc in oil, and ufed in ciiordeis of tV bre^ft COPA'RTNER, S. [from co, and pan- ner\ one who has a Aire in fome comm )q (^Ock or affair ; one who c^irries on bufinefs in conjundlion with another; one equally concerned and involved in the fume calamiiy or enjovina the fame advantane with another COPA'RTNEiiSHIP, S." a ftate wher;- in a perfon has an cq Jil Hiate of the profi.s or IjIs ot trude, or is engageo in the fame com- mon defjgn with anothfr. COP A'i'VA, S. in Medicine, a gum which diftils from a tree in the Brafils, and is mads ufoof indifo'dcrs of ih;; urinatyp iFigcs. COPE, S. ISe^^COi', c/.'.:/>j>^, Fr. «/,/,,, Ital J any thing with which i):e head h cover- co ; an orninrxnt wor.T by priefts, reaching Iroin the ilioulders to the feet 3 any thin' fpread over the head, or the fkicj. To COPE, V. A. [from th« noun] to cover, f.r arch over. '2a cope -zoiih, to contend with ; to fi^ht or combat ; to oppole. CO'PEL, SecCOPPEL. CpPIER, S. one wh) iranfcrilies a wri- ijne, or imitates any coin or olho origimaL Scmetimes ufed by way of repro-tch (or a per- fon that is a plagiary. COPING, S. [«/./.., Six.] in Architec- ture, tne upper tire ot mafonry, which covers a wall. COPIOUS, Ai'j '^'■opia, Lit, plenty] plen- COP COR ^M-; aVtindart ; in great quantities ; abound iing >n uioifls I. r images ; not confiiied. CO'PIOUSLY, Adv. plfntiJuliy ; in g.-eai ^uanlities ; l.irgc ; in a djft'ufivB manner, a; - plied to file or cefcrii-tions COTiOUSNESS, S plrnty; abun'ianccj jreat qiiaritities. ot any thing j difTufivcne'-s j exuberanr e CO'i'lED, Part, ffrom coJ>] rifing or ter- ininiting at a pr.int Jt top. COFPEL, S. [fprlt likewife co;(f, cpd, and cupfe!, t'tom c-pj e, Six. cr cupjian, Br v. and f.', 2 dimimlivc particle] a viTAl ultd t'V afTjyers and refiners to try and rtfiiie ihcii niet^iU i::. COr'PTER, S. [h/er, Be!g, a.';z.--c, Tr.]i fcsrd he^vy mttil of a reddift colour, htavier than lien or tin, but li(;h(cr than filvcr, lead, or ^o\i I tlie luideft of alf mftal: next to iron, 2Cu on triat .icccjnt niixt-d with 111. er and go'.vl to give thtni a pioper degiet of ii^rcncls ; it is '.r.ore lislile to nift than any oriicr metal ; jia ductiliiy is very greai, and its divinbiliiy prodigious ; lor, i.s Mr. Boyle obfcrvcs, a fiii- gte gti'^n of it diffojvetl iii an alkali, wi!! g:ve 3 fenfible colour lo rjiore iliaii 500,000 '.W.ts its Wfi^ht of wa-er. C'fj'Cr, f jiiiifies a larpc vcflVl or boiler fixed \n irick-work. A cop- fir-p!a'.i. is a ^hin pirc- of poJiftied coppei, entjraved wiOi forr.e defign. COr'PERAS, S [cafcircfa, Span, ecoj-e- Tfefe, Fr.J a vitiiolic fubttance, forined of an juiufion of coppsraJ-fioncE, or gold-ftones, i:; jBvatcr, aftetwaids evaporated by fire. It 1; Biadc vife of in fiying wool and hats bl<ick, ii: Biikinp \nk, in tanning leather, in nial-cin;; oil of vitriol, and akind of Spanifli brown Icr pjiuter-;. COPTER-FMITH, S, a perfon who Blikt"; V'lV'!'- lonr.ed o( copper. COr'i'ERV.At'j. containing copper ; made of Cftpper. COP^riCE, S. [(ofpeaux, Fr. from <.-u;//.<;-, to cut or lop ; it is often written and pro- nounced cof fi \ low \V()0;-s cut at ftjted lines ; a I'niali wood, confiding ot uni.cr-wood, or brjfti-wood. COFH'LE-DUST, S. powder ufed in re. lining rrietaJ?, or the giof^ parts fcparatcd by the copoel. COr'l'LE STONES, S. [from ccfpe, S.ix. anri^vw] lumps or fragnitn't of ftone, orcUen fr<ini ihe ^rfi'cent cliffs, and rounded by be- ing b'jwlcd and tumbled to and fro by tiie ac- tion of w.^ter. COPSE, S, [See COPPICE, y.^-ii-jj^Gr. to cut] flioit wood ufed lor fewel ; Lrofh- voort. To COPSE, V. A. from the noun] to pre'Vrve under-wood. CO'PULA, S. [La:.] in Logic, the verb which joins the two terms in an affir-naiive or negative propofition; as " I'iilueh tvif- doTK.'" Is, is the c-pu.'a which joins the teriiu I'irtu! and luiliLm. To COTULAT£,V.A. [t/a.'.i.';/;;;/ui :.i; of ccpuh, Laf,] to nnite, juin, or link to- ^rther. Nculcily, to come tcgptl-.cr,. applied u< the corr.mcrtc between aoinijls of difFcrent lexrs. COPULA'TION, S. the embracing of the ti^rVrent f xes. , CO'PULATIVE, S. f «/ r/,^.;.';w'i. L'^t.] a term of C.'r^mmar, implying the joining two or more i.ntenccs or it;ributes together. Ci- pulat'i-re pr'pojitior.i, in Logic, are thofe which have oiio or moie fo'iicfls conneftcd together by ro.nj inflions, aRiimi'tive or negative ; thus " Rirhes and honcius are tcmptatisns to " pride." t.-'0'P.y, S. \c-p\e, Fr. c^pti, Iral ] a writ- ing whicii con.':: s of the ui!)i*ance of fome other, and is wrote, word for word^ from tofoe originjl ; an individual book,cr manufcriptof an author ; <in iufbiutnent by which anything is conveyed in law ; a piflure drawn from an oiiginal piece ; a line or pirce of writing for U boars to v.rite by. A £";ty hm':, is a booic o. bl nk paper,wheiein fcho:ars learn writing, I'y endeivouiing to iir.itare fome piece given iliem by the nnafler for that piirpofe. To CO'PY, V. A. to tranfcri'.;e a writing or book word for word ; to imitate a dellgn or iiif'.ui^. Ufed neuferly wnhfrcm, and feme- times with e:J:er, belore the objeft of imita- ition. , COrV-HOLD, S. in Law, a tenure by which the renaut hath nothing to fhew but I the copy of tile rolls made by the fteward of :he lojd's c<:urt. This ttnure the tenant holds in fonie fort at the will of the lord, though not fimplv fo, but according to the cuf^om of the manor. COPy-KOLDER, S. a perfon admitted a tenant of any lands or tenements in a manor, which liavo time cut of mind been devifeable to fuch as will take the fame by copy of cour - roll, according to the cuf.om of the laid manor ToCOQLJ'ET, V. A. [a^ucter, Fr,] to enteitriin vvi'h amorous difcourfe j to treat with an appearance of love, without any teal at1c<S\ion. Nsuterly, to pretend the lover. COQ^'ETKY, S. [(oquttterle, Fr.] a de- fire of a tradling the notice of the other lex ; an afleition of love, exprefled in advances, without h'.'iiig afiei^Ud with (hat pailion. COQUliTTE, S. [Fr.] a gay airy gir), who evide ;vouis to atir.ift the n. tice of the other {lix, and by an affe£>arion of ttndeijiefs, 10 engage a number of fuitors merely from a principle of vanity, .^nd without any incli- nation to a connubijl ftate. CO'RACLE, S. {(ivrnv^k, Brit, co'iunt^ Lit. leather] a boat ulcd by ihc Welfh fifhtrs made ot a frame of wicker work covered with lesher. CO'RAL. S. [(oralHum, Lat.] a plant of a flony naluie, growing in the wa'er. A ccr^i is applied to the t(>y which is hung pei.dent i'rom the waift of children, which confifts of a pisce of twai fet In. jold or filver, adorneii COR vith bells, and having at the cxtrem'ty a| whiffle. COR A'LI.IXE, Adj. \corainr.us, Lat.] con- fiding of coial ; lefemb'ina coral. COR-A'LLOID, orCORALLOIDA, Adj. [)'.OKj.X>i;£ij^rj, Gr.] releinbliiig, or of the na- ture of coral. COR A'NT, S. [courant, Fr,] a dance, con- fiftin^ of a nimble and fprichtlv motion. COR'BAN, S. [corleHk, 'Fi.J an alms bafket J a gift of ch irity ; an alms. Among t!ie Je.vs, an ofl'sMna; or t'ft mice to Gad or his temple. Corhaii, likevvile fignifics the tteafury of the tpmj.i!e, v.lieie the of}i;ring>. which were made in money, weie depofited. CORBF/ILS, S. [cr.rleUle, Fr. corbilla, It.il.J in Fortification, little ba'kcts filled with earth, and ufed to fiiclier the men, when fir- jji^ at the bf fi^g-is. CORD, S. '[cort, Brit, conk, Fr. dymh, Lit.j a ftrine mjde a? hemp iwified, generjlly ap'-lied to thiit which \t compofed o( fcversl Jhandf. In Scripture, " The cordi of the wicked," Pfal. cxxix. 4. are the fnares with which they entangle the weak and innocent. '* The cords of fins," Fro-v. v. 22. arc the confequences of crimes and bad habits, which are .'S it were, band^-, which it is almofl: im- p<iflible to break. " Let us caft awav their cordi from US," Pfal. ii. 3. is to caft ofl-'fub- jeflion, which, like cores, binds and reflrfciins. " To draw iniquity with cords of vanity," //. V, 18. are wcridiy profits, or pleafutable allurements, which attract as ftrong,]y as cord^. '* The cords of a man," Hof. xi. 4, are fucli motives as are fuited to man as a rational a- gent, and confii't in reafons and exhortation?., *' To fttetch a Ime or cord about a city," Lam. ii. 8. is to deinolifli it, or to lay it level with the giound. A cordofiuood, is a quan- tity confuting of a pile of eight feet long, four h;gh, and lour broad, being fuppofed crigi- nailv to be meafuied by a c;^rd. To CO.^D, V. A. to bind or faften feveral lhin,»s togetlier with a cord. CO'RDAGE, S. a quantity of cords 5 the ropes of a /hip, CO'RDED, Part, made of ropes, or cords. " A corded ladder." Shak. A cl'dcd jUk, is th t whofe lurface is not level, but rifes in weal? y>\ tlie f:ze of a fmall ftring or cr rd. CORDELI'ER, S. [Fr. pronounced corde leer] a Francilcan, or monk ot the order ot St . Francis, fo called from the cord which they Wear roun ( their waifl. CO'RDIAL, S. in Medicine, a draught, or potion which encreafes tte (irengih of the heart, or thu which encreafes the natural ftreng,th, by bringing the ferum of the blood into a condition proper for circulation and nu- tri'ion. Figuialively, any th'ng which occa- fionsjov, (jiadnefs, or revives the fpiiits. CO'RDl.'^L, Acij. reviv-ng; ftrengthenirT;. Applied to tne afteiliuns, liuceie i t.ca::y ; vi.hcat hypotriiy. COR CORDI A'LITY, S, fince.e alUQionj fiee- dom from hypccrify. CORDIA'LLY, Adv. in a manner f.ec from hypocrify ; in a fincere and atieiTiionatc manner. CO'RDON, S. [Fr.] the ribbon worn by ^ knight or member of any order, in Fortifica- tion, a row of fiones jutting out betore the rampart and the bafis of the parapet. C0RDWA''1NER, S. [cardonmcr, Fr.] a,^ perfon who makes and iVlls fhoe». CORE, b. Icociir, Fr. c:r, Lat. j the heart j the inner part of any thing. CORIACE'OUS, A.'j. \cor!ac!us, Lat.j confifting of, or relembling li:a.her. CORIA'NDER, S. {coriandrum, h^iX.] a plant with a fibrous annual root j it hath an umbellated flower. It is u ed in medicine as a carnninative, and corrector to fome cathar- tics. CO'RIKTH, S. a famous city in Greece ; a fmali fruit cojiim.nly called a currant. The Lorinihn'.n order, in Architedture, is one of tlie five orders, and is ihe mcft noale, rich, and delicate of thcin all. The capital of this or- der is adorned with two rows of leaves, be- twetn which little ftalks arie, of which 16 volutes are formed, which fupt.ort the abacus, CORF-:, S. [iorck, Bdg. corcl;o, Spanij in Botany, a fpecies of oak, v.hich is dripped cf its bark every tight or ten years, and is fo far from being injured thereby, that it is pre- feived by ih.at means to an hundred years ot more. Of the bark arc torined bungs for barrels, and (topples for bottles, which like- wile go by the name of the tiee, and arc called coris. CO'RKING-PIX, S. a pin of a large fizs, CO/RK.Y, Adj. colibiliiig of, orrcfcmbling cork. CORN, S. [ccrn, Six J a plant, or grain of a plant, v.hich produces bread for the luod^of mankind ; grain unreaped j grain in the ear j an exciefceiite or horny fulillaiice g.uiAJng o,i the toes, itom cornu, Lat. a horn j a finale particle of guiipowder, or fair. To CORN, V. A. [from the noun] to term gunpowder into grains or fmall p*r:icle: j to fait, or fpiinklemcat with fait, fioin ge- cornard, Sixon. CORN LILIAN- STONE, S. \corr,a!w:, Fr. corne'inn, Ital. ecrneolus cf caro, I. at. lltfii, or ol corrnts. Lit, the hawthorn, becaufe it is red like the fruit] a fart of precious ftone, fct ia rings, and made into feals. CORNE'OUS, Adj. [from cornt^is, Lat.] horny, or refcm line; horn. CO/RKER, S. {cornel, Rrit.j an angle, or fpace formed by the meeting of two walls. Figurjtively, a fecret or private place j the ex- tremities. CO'RNER-WISE,Adv. from one corner to ano'her; diagonallvj with thecornerin front. CO'RNET, S'. [cornet, Fr.j a horn, or muficil w'iud indru.xent, ufcd by iheanti^nts COR iti w.ir; a company or troop, perhaps as many as had one cornel. " They dilcernsd a body ot five icini's of horfe." An officer in the cavil- iy, vvlio bears the cnfign or colours in the ttoop; lie is the third officer i;i the company, and commands in the a'ul'ence of the captain and iieutenanr. Cor;]rt, in Farriery, is the loweft part of the paltern of a horfe. CO'RNICI-, S. [«./:.Wf, Fr.ceronis.Ur.] in Archiie£lure, the uppermoft member ot tlie entablature of a column, or thai which crowns the order; likcv.ife all litrle prrjeflures of ma- sonry or joinery, where there are no columns, as the (ern'tce ot a chimney ; the crowning ot pedellals. Cornice-ring, in Gunnery, tiie next ring to the muz/.le ring backwards. CORNl'CULATF., Adj. [liomiorKu.,Lzt.l in Botany, applied to fuch plants as, after each flower, produce many horned pods, called Zi'/i- ^uo'. Corsicula'.e Jloivers, are fuch hollow flowers as have a kind of fpur, or Jitile horn on their upuer part, CORNJ'flC, Adj. produfliveof, or mak- ing horns. CORNl'GEROUS, Adj. horned ; bearing, or having horns. CO'RNU-A.TVIMONIS, S. in Natural H f- tory, a fior.e, or perrified earth, formed in a little turbinated (hell of a fpiral figure, refem- Uing the ttaiitihi. CORNUCCyPI.^, S, [from «r„a, a horn, and copia, Lat. p.'entyj among the ancients, a horn, out of which a pienty of all things was luppofed to grow. It is generally the tiiarac- teriftic of ihe goddefs of plenty, and defcribed in the lorm of a large horn, adorned with flowers, and filled with fruits. To CORNL'lE, V. A. [cornutus, L;t.] to confer or beftovv horns. CORNU'TID, Part, [cornutus, Lat.] grafted v. ith horns ; horned ; cuckolded. CORNU'TO, S. a cuckold. CO'RNY, Adj. horny, fttong, or ha'rd like a horn ; producing grain or corn. GORCKLLARY, S. [ccrolUrium, Lat ] an vfetui confequence dr-wn from fometbing which is proved or demonllrated. CORO'N.'V, S. (Lat.J in Architeaure, a large, tLt, flron^ member of a cornice, fo <aihd from iis crowning not only the cornice, but likewiri; the whole (Mder ; llie French term it the iannur, and common workmen the (!r':tj. CORO'NAL, S. [from ccrina, Lat.] a crown ; a garland. " Ctow.n, ye godr, Yiic- chus with M fcrtr'i;/. ' bf>crif. Adjciilivelv, that which belongs to the crown or top of the Jiead. The (cmia! future, in Anatoiny, is the firft of the cranium, which reaches acrtfs Irom ore Umple to the o'her, CORON'A RV. A.;J. [o-.'jmnus, I.aUJ relating to, or leued on the ciown o( the bead. In Anatomy, applied to ihofc art' ries which furnilh the iub!liii|cc of the heart with blood. ' COR CORONATION, S. the aft or folemnlty of crowning a kin^. t'GRONE'R, S. [from coiona^ Lat.] an officer who is confervalor of the peace in the couc'ry where elected ■; in cafe of a violent Jcdih, he is to make inquefl, together with iz jurymen impannelled by him for that pu/pole, 10 enter appeals for muider, proncur.ce judg- ment for outlawries execute the kij)g°s wiits on exception tn the fterift'. CORONE'TS, S [coroneita^ Ital. a diminu- Eive oi corona, Lat, a crownj an inferior crown worn by the nobility ; that of a duke is adorned with ftrawberiy ieaves 5 that of a marquiS with leaves and pearls placed interchange- ably ; that of an tar! witJi the pearls raifdd above the leaves ; that of a vifcount is fur- rounded with pearls o-nTy j and tliatof a baron has only fix pearls. CO'RrORAL, S. corrupted from capora'^ Tr. cefcra/e, Ital. J in 1 nc Army, an interior, and the lowtft officer in the foo?, who com- mands one of the oivifions, places and relieves centineh, keeps gotri order, and receives the word ot the interiors that pais by his*cor}S, On board (hip, an cfficer, who has the charge of letting tjie watch and ceniries, and relieving them : he fees that all the loldicrs and failors keep their arm.? neat and clean, teaches th. m how to tile them, and has a mate under lura. CO'RPOrvAL, Adj. [ccr/>ue/, Fr. of ci,r. fus, Lat, a body] relatifig to the body, in divinity and philolopliy. When ufed ia oppofiiion to fpirit, or its affeftiotis, it is fliled and fpelt torpyrtal, and then fignifie* matc-ial. CORFORA'LITY, S. the auility of con- fining of biidv, or mjttrr. CO'RPORALLV, Adv. in a fenfible, or material manner : bodily. CO'RPORAIE, Adj. [«r;,oW5, genitive of corpui\ united into a body or community. CO/Rl'ORAT£NESS, S. lije ilate of 9 body corpc'rate, or cinnmuniiy. CORPORATION, S. a body politic, ru- thorized b\ the J:ing"s charter to have a com- mon fe'.l, one hea.; officer, or more members, able by their common coiifent, to (.'rant or re- ceive in la-.v, any tiling agreeable to their charter, and to fue or be lued \i\ their common opacitv, as if an individual. CC^Rl^ORATURE, S. Uort'.rii, geni-Ive of corfvi, Lst.J the Cdteof beii.g embodied. CORPO'R 1:aL, Ai.j. [co'j!o,fU!,Ur.] con- f;.riiiip of matti r "r body, oji^'O ed t!» ip'.n'.vttl. CORPORIETY, S. ihequaUty of a thing wh'ch ha.^ a body, CORPOKiFlCA-'TlON.S. the aft of giv- ing a body to a thing, or itnriciing it the ob- jfil ol the touch or other feni'e?. In Ch-mif- tiy, the a£l ol re uniting ip:iits into a bony, relsmbiing that which they had teloic their beini riiifed into fprrits. To CORPO'RlFi', V. A. to ihicken o: ' gaih:r into a budy. CORl'S- COR cal relation to one another, ac f^tlier ani fen. CORRELA'TE, S. one that (lands in an oppnfite relation ; as fatiier anrt fon. CORRELA'TIVE. Adj. having a reci- procal reldtion, (o ihat the exiftenca ol' the one depends on the exigence of anoiher. To CO'RRESFOND, V. N. [from con and rcftcir.d;o, Lat.J to anfwer j to match ; to luit; to be proportionate, or .idequa«e to ano- ther; to keep up an acqir.iintance with ano- ther by fending and receiving letters. C0RRES1'0^>JDENCE, or CORRES- PO'NDlNCY, S. [from cm and njpor.cicc, Lat.J an agreement ; the matching or Ikting ot two things together ; an int^rcourfe kept up by letter; tnendfhip ; ir)teicourle,or commerce, CQRRESPON'DENT, S. a perfon with who:Ti commerce is carried on, or intelligence kept, by mutual meflage"; or letters. CORRESPON'DENT, Ad> [from«?and rffpo'tde-,, Lat.J fuiting ; fiiting ; ,igiceing ^ ji:lwering, CO'RRLDOR, S. [Fr. and Span, corridcre, Ital.] in Fortification, a road or way, about: tv.eniy yards broad, along the edge of a ditch, without fide, entompafling the whole fortiri- cation, calhd likewife the ccner: ■:«)•. In Architeclure, a gallery, or long ^fle, round a building, leaning to feveral chambers at a dii- tance fror.-j each other. CCKRIGIBLE, Adj. [from corrigo, Lat.J that which m^y be altered tor the better ; thot: which is a proper obje<fl of punifhmcnt ; cor- rective ; or having the power of amending any i?rror, taQlt, or bad quality. CORRO'BORANT, Parr, [corrohrur^, Lat.J having the power of ftiengthening or jjiviiig ftrenfcth. To CORROBORATE, V. A. [from <•*►•• roboratuTK, fupine or corroooro, Lat. j to confiru) an allertion : to ftrengrhen or make ftrong. CORROBORA'TION, S. the aft of ftrer.gthening; the confirmation or eftablilhini; a ciuih by lome adiiition.»l proof. CQRROBORA'TiVE, Adj. h.iving the powrr ol increafing ftrength, or of fcrvue in paiticular bodily weaknelfes. To CORRO'DE, V. A. to eat away by degrees, applied to the aftion of a liquor ot ioir^li.lid bojy; to prey upon; to confume, or wear aw iv by degree"!. CORRO'DENT, Part, {corraden^, Ln.J havin;; the power of feparating the parfivi.*5 of .1 bo<ly, appied to the ctJVdls of foine mcn- liriiurn, or ftuid, or folid bodies. CORROSmi'LITY, S. the poffibiliryof being corrofiMe ; the p iTibiliiy ot hivingits p.irlicle!" divii'ed by fonie men(lruui;<. CORRO'SIHLE, Aoj. [ironi f«rr.j:<w,Lat.J that which m ly have its particles confumed, or fjparated bv fome mindruurn. CORRO'SIBLEN'tSS, S. the quality of being liable to have its panicles fepaiated by » menrtruum. rtl^fa^ Lat.J to hsrt-e a mutual or tscipro-l CQRP.O'SION, S, the di.Tohi-Ion or fi- ^-aratien COR CORPS, S. {cor^y Fr.} a body or collec- tion of foldiers. In Architeclure, that part which prfijeiis or (Idndf out froin a '.vall, and ferves as a gtuund for fome decoration, or or- nament. CORPSE, S. {cjrp-ui, Lat.j the bo^y, ufe.i in conrempt ; a dead body ; a carcafe. CO'RPULENCE,orCO'RPULENCY,S. ^corf>ii,'eniia, Lat.J the ftate of a perfon over- k)aded with fiefh and fat ; a large quantity o( matter, not eafily moved. CO'RPULENT, S. [eorp-Jentus, Lat.J ^efhy; abounding in fat and Hefh. CORPU'SCULAR, or CORPUSCULA'- RIAN, Adj. teUng'ng to atoms, or the fmjil particles of bodies. Tht cyrpufcu'arian, or cor- pufcular pbiidfofhy, is that wfiich endeavours to explain the phenomena of nature, by the mo- tion, reft, or pofition of the corpufcles, or mi- nute p?rt;cles of which bodies cor.fift. CORPU-'SCULE, S. [ ccrpttfcuhm, Lat. a diminutive of coi-pn, Lat.J a fmail body ; a particle jjf matter ; a fmall fragment. To CORRA-'DE, V. A. [^orrjdc, Lat.J to inb off; to wear away, by rubbing two bodies tosether. 'CORRADIA'TION, S. the conjunflion of ravs In one point. To CORRE'CT, V. A. [corref?Kfr., f-jplne of corrigo, Lat.J t<» punilTi a perlon for a lauit, in order to make him amend. In Printing, to note the faults of t.be compof:tor, that they may be amended before a fheet is worked i ti'; to mend any error in writing ; to give a perfon notice of hi^ finl'.s. In Medicine, to counttr- aiV, or l^^ilen thv' force or ill qualities of one tngrertient to anotlier. CORRE'CT, Adj. [lOntBu!, Lat.] that which i« pf rfeft; fri'ed from errors or millakcb./ CORRE'CriON.S.i'unifhmentforfiultt, in order to produce ameiidiHent; the alteration Or amend.Tvent of an error or miftake in wri- ting or pritit'!!^ ; an amendment ; reprehen- f)on ; cenfurc ; or notice of a fault. In Me- dicine, the lc(ie.">ing any quantity of an ingre- dient, by joining it with one of oppofitc qua- lities. CORRE'CTIVE, Adj. having the poww of cnuntcraftioa aov bad qualities. CORRE'CTIvi;, S. that which has the power of -iltering or cnnntrr^dting any bjd fjuolity ; limitation ; itftridtiuii, appiied to the fenff; of words. CORRE'CTLY, Adv. in f.ich a tr.anrjcr as to be free troTi faults ; ex'aclly, ttORRE'CTNESS, S. perfediort, arifing from frequent and accurate alterations, CORRECTOR, S. h- who amends a perfon by means of punifhment. In Printing, the perfon who exarnin:;s and .liters the error' of the compofuor in the proofs. In Medicine, an ingredient in a compoficion, which guards againft, or abates the force of another. To CORRELATE, V. N. [from «» and COR par;rton of the particles of a body by an acid Or l_.line liqll.^r or menftruum. COURO'SIVE, Adj. having the power of iiUiiiujtint; itIeU" bitweca, and feparating the p. -rticlcs uf 4 body ; having the power ot tret- ti. g, Vexing, or ol ludking a perlon uneafy or CORRO'SIVE, S. that wh'ch has the power of confuting, eating, or wafung away: that whidi ha.- the power of ftening, giving pain, 01 renderinj a perfon UDc^ly. CORRO'SlVELY. Aov. in che manner of, or like a corrofive j having the quiliiy oi a toirolive. CGRRO'SIVF.NF.SS, S. the quality wherety a flu'd innnn.ites itielf between the pores ot a folid bo.iy, I'eparates them, or ViHes it away- CORRU'GANT, Part, [corrugarts, Lat.] having the power or' wiinkling, or contraftmg iriro wriiikl'S. ToCCRRU'CATE, V. A. [corrugalum, fapine of fCM(,^o. L.'t.J to wrinkle. CORRUGA'TION, S. theaa of drawing or contraOing into wrinkles. To CORRU'FT, V. A. [conup'um, fupine o( ccrruftio, La^.] to alter the qualities of a body by pulrifying. Figuratively, to engage a perfon to do fomethingconirary to his inclina- tion or confcience by bribes or money; to fpoil; 10 vitiate } or render bad. Neuterly, to grow iotten. CORR'UPT, Adj. [corruftus, Lat.J vi- tioii'! 5 void of moral eoocnefs ; loft to p'.ety ; bislVed by bribes. Tainted j rotten, applied to thins'. COURU'PTER, S. that which putrlfies, cr t?ints. One who, by ill example, or bafe motivef, fediires a perfon to vice. CORRUPTIBI'LiTY, S. thepoflTibilityof fceific corrupre<', purified, or renueied worfe. CORRU'i'TlBLE, Adj. tliat whuh may be piilrified oi grow rotten ; that which ma) be d«(lioyed or rendered villous. CORRIVPTION, S. [ccrrvptio, Lat.] the Bflion whereby a body lofe€ all its properties or cu.>litJes for a cerrain time, or whereby its form is altered, and its qualities chantrd Irom what they were before ; roticniiefs. In Mj ralitv, a ch--n)if fum virtue to vice. In Poli- tics, a ffate wherein petfons acl only from lucr.itive motives ; the means by which any perfon may be rendered vitious ; or a thiig nuy be made rotten. In Surgery, the matter centained in an ulcer or wound, called /)«« by prad^itionejs. In Law, the taint which grows to a perfon or hli heits, on account of Lii havine been guilty of felony or tteafon. CORRU'PTIVE, Aflj. having the power or qu-!ity of rendering tainted or rotten. CORRU'PTLESS, Adj. tb.it which can- not be f crrup'ed. CORRU'PTNESS, S. the quality or flate of a coTupted body ; vice. CORSA'jR, S. [Fr. orjaro, It»l.] an COS armed vefTel, which plunders merchants vef- lel? ; a pirar,". CORSE, S. [corpfi, Fr.j a poetical word for a CdfCife or dead body. CC/RSELET, S. [Fr. corfakttc, Ital.] a little armour for the fore part of the body. CO'RTICAL, Adj. [from corticii, genit.vs of coi-:e'-, Lat. barjcj barley j belonging to the outwJrd part of any thing. In Anatomy, the C'jitical {u[j(\Ance oi' the brain is its ex'.erior part. See HR A IN*. CORTICA'TED, Adj. [corucan,s,Ln.] refembling the bark or a tree. CO'RTICOSE, Aoj. Icartlcojus, Lat.] full of bark. CORU'SCANT, Part, [corufcans, Part, of corrtifco Lat.] glittering by tiafhes ; fiafliing. CORUSCATION, S. [carufcafw, Lat.J a quick, fuoQcn, and fhort darting of fplendor j a fi<iih 5 a glittering ligat. j CORY'MBaTED, Adj. Ihom corymhus, Lat.J in Botany, abounding or garnifhea-with branches of berrits. COP.YMBPfEROUS, Anj. [from corym- bus, and Jero, Lat. to bcarj in Boiatv, ap- plied to fuch plants as have a compoup.d difcous flower, without any down adherinj to their ;tcds. CORY'MBUS, S. [Lat.] in Botany, a round dufter of berries, likethofeof the ivy. COSE'C.'iNT, S. in Geometry, the fecant of an arch, wh-ch is tht compliment of ano- ther arch to 90 degrees. CO'SIER, S. [coufer, Fr. to few" a botcher j a low-lived perfon ; a word of contempt. *' Squeak out your iojli^r catches." S/jjk. COSl'NE, S. in Gsometiy, the pait of the diameter inteicepted between the center and the rght fine, and always equal to the fine of the Cf.mplerrient of the arch. COSME/nC. Adj. [Kja-fxnrty.;f;,Ct.] hav- ing the power of improving the perlonal charms ; beautifying ; or heigthening beauty, COS'MICAL, Adj. {Koa-y-i/.-.i, Gr.] relat- ing to the world. In Artronomy, rifing toge- ther, or in the fame degree of the ecliptic with the fun. COSMPCALLY, Adv. at the fame time with the fun. CO.SMO'GONY, S. [from y-sr/xof, Gr. and J'-".'-] the rife, origin, cr creation ot the world. COSMO'GRAPMER, S. [from zor^^c. Or. and y-^a^xj one who corr.pofes adei'ciip- tion of the relaticn, fr.r.c''s, figure, ana dirpo* filion of all ihe parts of the world. COSMO'GRAPHY, S. [ho.-n itt,j-,uoc,Gr. the world, and '/^a<*^j}^ a deuription ot the fe- veral parts of the world ; or the art of deli- neating its feveial bodies according to their mag.-iitudes, motion', relations, &€. h con- fjfts of geography and aftrcnomy. COSMC'POLITER, or COSMOPO'LI- TAN, S. [fiom ycrf-ic;,, Gr. and "StsXiti;;] a citiaen vi the wurlu j one who is ac 4 home COT hoiTic in all companier, and 5n all countri'S. i COST, S. Uojl.u,, It J. J the price or iro- ney given for the p"tchareof a thinii ; charge; expence, Figurativt-Jy, fumptuoufueiSj lux- ury ; lofs ; detrim-m. i To COST, V. N. [prefer and participle preter cojl j of cojijrc, Ital. c;ujhr, Fr.] lo be purch -lecl or bou^hi ^t a particul-r (um. CO'STaL, Adj. fiVom .£>/?a, Lat, a rib] beloiiiH'^ to the ribs. CO'STARJD, S. f.Tom ccjitr, a head] the hea^l or fkull. " Taki; hi:n over the cojfanl with the b-'lt." Sb.ik. In Cat^lefiing, a round bulky apple, lomewhat rcfcmbling the head, CO'STIVE, Adj. {conf.ipatii', Lat, cen- fii^i, Fr.] bound in the body ; g^ng feldoin to (Joo), Fiauraiively, hanisncd. CCS TIVENESS, S. in Msrficine, a pre- ternatural detention of the exttcments, at tended with a difficulty of dTfcii.irging thenn. CO'STLINESS, S. furTiptuoufnefs j ex- penfivencfs ; the great value, or fura required for the purchafc of a thing, CO'STLY, Adj. renuiring a l.irge fiim, or much money for its purchafe; expenfive. Fi- guratively, rire; viiuatle. COS'TUS, S. [Lat.j in Botanj-, a fweet- fceiited hvrb. COTA'NGENT, S, in^ Geometry, t^e compldaiienr of an arch, which is the com- plement ef another to 90 degrees. COTE'M!'ORARY, Adj. [f.om con and Uivpui, Lat.j living at the lame ti.Tie with anoilicr. CO'T-LAND, S, land belonging to a cot- tage. CO'T-.QyEAN, S. [from wrc^Sax. a hou'e, and quean, of c'cucn or qvcn^.^ Sax. or tieenr. Goth, a wife, or womaaj a purfon v, h<t dfftc cioufly concerns h^'nfrlf v.ith womens aiTairj. Cot, it? ab'^reviation. is onlv \n ufc. CO'TTACE,S. [SceCOTJ a little rrean houfe or liuC. CO'TTaGER, S. one who dwells in a hut or cnttag?. iu Law, one who lives on a common without psying rent, and without any l-ind? of his oao. CO' iTON, S. [iotilon, Brir. ccitone, Ital. ^Bton, Fr.J the rown of the fruit of the cot- ton-tree. Cotton likev/ife f;gniiies a coarfc kind of cloth made of its thresd?, when fpun. To COUCH, V. N, {ccucl~er, Fr,J to lie down on a bed ; to lie down on the knees bent tinder, applied to beafts ; to lie in wait or arn- bufli 5 to lay under ;'.s a ttratum. " The<lecp which ccucbeih beneath." Dcu!. xxxiii. 13, To floop or finlc down, through preiiu.-e of a heavy burtlun, or thro'j(;h pain, fear, or re- fpr.ct ; to include J to con'prife ; to iirp.e by way of implication. " The great arguTient for a future ft te, is couchni in the words 1 have reid." Attcri.if\\ To include by wav of analogy or in.lirrdly ; to incline a fpear in ■>, proper pcfturc tor attack. ''Ce*f 4- iheir fpeais," GOV V .ir. Lciji. In Surgery, to deorefs, or take oflF a Him, wliich otiflruiffs the H^htj call^.i im- properly, couchivg the eye, qr couching a paiienSf inft.'^.id of couchii.g a catjr:t3. COUCH, S. [rro-.Ti «he verbj a long feat furnifhcJ with a mattrafs, on which people lie down t'er reuoie, or t^h. COU-'CHANT, Part. [Fr] lying down; Iquatting. In ftetal.My, auplieJ to the pofture of a bealt ly'ng with his belly on the ground, hii. legs bei-.t under him, and his head Inoknnj upwards 'coUCHE;E, S. [Fr.] the lime of goifij to b-" ', oppnlsd to le-ue'e. COC'CHER, S, one who couches pwfons (or cataraiH j an oculill. COUVE, S. [from coa^vth; Fr.] a fma!! creek or biy; a (belter or cover. CO/VENANT, S. [con-venint, Fr, coti-v^n- tum, L^U \ an agreement between two perfons, ToCO'VENANT, V. ?vT. to barg.in; to agree, or rtipulate ; to agree with a perfon oa c;rt?in ro'^aiiions. COVENANTE'E, S, in Law, one who is a party in an asreement, or covenant. CO'VE'NANTER, S. one who mrijiss n.i agreen^eflt viith another, COVE'NO'JS, A.HJ. [from coinr] in Law, fidudulent J with .in inten'ion to deceive or thejt. " Coi'sr.otis Isaies." Bac. CO'VENTRY,S.alargewdpopulou?citv, ofWarwickfiiire, q'u the little river Sherborne, I remarkable for the Vlue rinse of its water. 1% • irives a considerable trade, and the manuL-c» I ttireof tammifcis their principal employment, next to weaving 01 oidimry ribltands, particii- I laily black. The buildings jr« old. in this jcity two parlisments have been held, the one ' in the rei-n of Kinu; Henry IV. Cdil,-d Parlia- mentuin indoc7lo;U3i, and the other in that of king Henry VJ, dcnorrinated Parliamentmn diaboiicuin, a? jttainets p<!T d in it agjjnft the YoikiHf. It is governed by a mayor, and returns two members to parliam-nis. Till pf la'e it had but two p,.rifl» churches, Hply Tri- nity and St. .Michael ; but a third hiS been Urely adde.i, which is called St. John the Bap. tiih Jt is uni-td to the fee of Liivhficld, Ahere the cithcdrsl is, Coventry crofs is a fine G3t!iic ftrufhire, and at the S. end of the town is a tall fpire, all thnt is left of the Grey Friars church. I's weekly market* are Wednef 'ays and Fridays. it holds an .ual faiis on May z, for horfes, cows, and (h.^p j Friday in Trinity wetk, for flanneh, linen, and woollen ; and the firfl day is :hc rcprcfen^ tation of lady Gndiva on horfob-ck, and a. procuRion ot the inhabitants ; N -vember 1, (or linen, and woollen cljtii, and hoi fcs. jc lies 15 miles N, of Warwick, ani ninety N". W. or Londi^n. Lat. 52 dcg. 29 min. N. Ion?, i drj;. 27. mill. W. To CO'VER, V. A. {nufrlr, Fr.] (a fpread, or ovcrfpre.id with fometbinn ; to cun- cual voder fogoeihiog j to bide b/ faife appear- c o u ances, or fpecious pretexts ; to overwhelm, or bury. " Raillery and wit ferve only to (over noiifenfe with fliame." Watts, To conceal, as in a wrapper, from human fight, " Cha- rity {hall co'Vir a multiturie ot fins.", i Pe- ter iv. 8. To copulate with the other fex, ap- plied to hotfes. To wear a hat, or other co- vering oil the head. " To be cc-vered\n the prefence of the king." DryA. CO'VER, S. that which is fpread over an other. Figuratively, concealment , a fpecious pretence to conceal or hide a pcnon's dcfigns, lifed withyjr. CO'VER, S. flie'ter ; a place free from danger, ufed with unrhr. CO'VERING, S. dre'.s ; any thing fpresd over another. CO''V ER LET, S. [from rj«w?r and !it, Fr.j the uppermoU parr of the bed-cloath'; ; or an ornsmentai covering thiown over tiie reft of the bed-cloafhs. CO' VERT, S. \ccuz-ert, rr.j a flielter, or pUce of detence Irom oon^er j a thicket or hiding pbce. CO'VLRT, Adj. [couverf, Fr.] flieltered ; TiOt open, or expnfed. Figuratively, fee ret ; oriva'e ; concealed by fome fair prttexr, or fpe- cious appearance. In Lav.', under protection or ilieltcr ; hence femn.e cou-vtrt, is ufed for a married woman. Cot-ert lUi'y, in FottificatioH, 3 fpacc oi ground, level with the field on the edge of the ditch, three or four fathom broad, ranging round the half moons, or o'.her works. CO'VERTLY", Ai'.v. in a fccrer, clofc; pri vate, or indirect manner. CO'VERTNESS, S. the quality of being hidden; unperceivcd i in.-iif-dl ; or infid'ous. CC'Vr.RTURE.S. ihelter J riefence ?gainft any danger or inconvenience. Figuratively, a J'pecioiis pretext or aj-peatance to conceal a \)iA dcfign. Ln Law, iKe fiate or condition of a married woman. To CO' VET, V. A. [_ccnvo!tre, Fr.] to He- fire vehemsn'ly v.;hat a perfon is not poireffed • f i to profeciitP, or endcavi iir to acquire with great e-gemefs. " Co-vtt earncflly the belt gifts." I Cor. xii. 31. Neuterly, to have a Jlrong ni;d vinl>nt delire. CO'VLRTABLE, Adj. th.t which ip pro- per or fir, or worthy to be defired or wifhed for. CO'VETOUS, Adj [(onvDileux, conicitetife, Fr.] fxceeciing dcfi/ous of; it ordinat;Jy ea- jrer after the acquiring and prcferviog of mo- ney ; avaritious ; dt-firous : fond; or eager to polTefs, ufed in a go. d fenO:. COVETOUSL'i', Acv. in a greedy, ava- ritious manner. CO'VE 1 OU.SNE^S, S. the o'laliry of Ke- ing inordinately forid of nioney, i.r eager after gain. CO'VEY, S. [.i^/r.V, Fr.J hatch ; or ?ri old !'ird with her young : a number or col ItClion of birds nrar one ^'nothef. COVGH, S. fpronwuRCcri ci,ff, from l.U'h- Befg j in mcJicin-, a coiivulfivs moticnof tlit c o u Haphrsgm, tnufcies of the larynx, thol-ar, and abdomen, violently inaliing and expelling the air drawn into the kincs bv infpiralion. To COUGH, V. N. [kuchr, Belg. t,-f, m.] to have the diaphragm or lungs coovulled by the irrltuion of feroiis humours, which thfv endeavour to expel, and by that means caule a noife like an cxolofion j to make a noife in endeavouring to difcharge the trachea Or lungs ot the lymph with which it is over- charged, on account of the floppage of per- fpiration. Ad^ivsly, to eject or clear by couj;,h- ing, ufed with up. COU'GHER, S. a p.erfon afefted with a cough. CO'VI!^, or COVINE, S. [cwenh; or cou-vrir, F:. to hide] a.n agreement between rwi) or more, in order to cheat a pt-rfon. CO'VING, S. [!rom cove or cctivrir, Fr. to coverj in building, applied to houl'es pro- -.efting over the gruund plot. Or the turned pr ijcfture arched v.lrh timber, lathed and pLftered. COULD, [the preter-imperfe£l of can\ was able 5 or had in my power to. CO'ULTER, S. [culler, Lat.] the fliarp iron which cuts the earth, perpendiculjr to the plough fiiare. COU'NCIL, S. \ccr.c'dmm, Lat. c-^nft:!, Fr.] an aircmbly met together to confidsr, exa- mine, or Heliberaie on any fubjeft. COU'NCIL-BOARD, S. (See IJOARD] a table at which matters of Hate are taken in- to confideration. COU'NSEL, S. [fornV/aw, Lat. «-.>;/W/, Fr. corjiglio, ItJl.] advice, or directions given to' a perfon to rejjulate h's conduft, an J form his purluits b} • In Law, a perfon who pleads at the bar, an abtirf vi jtion ot c'-unji tor. To COU'NSEL, V. A, [conJtUlcr, Fr.] ro give advice, or inform a perlon of the a.olt advantaf^eous way of regulating any point in his conduit, or ordering any particnhir mea- fuie ; 10 ailvlfc aiiy p^<rticul<ir meafure. COU'NSCLLABLE, Adj. reany to follow the advice or perfuafion of others. COU'NSCLLOR, S. one who gives advx« to, or tndcjtrours to perliiade another ; a con - fidant. Figuratively, one whofe province it la to advife in matters of fla'e. In Law, a per- !on who is conlulted on any difficulty s^rifing in any v^iiting, who pleads at the bar, and hos been adrr.i'ted as a bartifter. COU'NSELLORSHIP, S. the cffice, or poft ni a co-.infellrr. To COUNT, V. A. \jt:*tt;r, Fr. (oKjttitc, Lat. J to number, or trll ; to reckon ; to ef- reem ; to account, to look upon in anv patti- cula- light; to impute or charge, ufed witA to, Miitcrly, to draw as a ccntrquence from J to found or build a fcheine or argument upon. COUNT, .S^. [c'.rr.pte, Fr.] See COMPT,' COUN'T, S. [comte, Fr. comes. Ldt.J a> KobleiBi.T who poficffes a domain erefled into' c o u > county, in rank between a du'ic and a baron, and bears on his arms a c<ironet adorn- ed with three precious ftones, and furmount- ed with three Urge leaves, whereof thofe Jn the middle and extremities advance above tjie reft. COU'NTABLE, Arj. that which may be numbered. COrNTE'NANCE, S. [ccntcnance, Fr.] the form of the face, or' pariicuKir cafl otthe fea'tires. Figuravively, air, or look. To keep C'jumenunce, a compolure ot the features and complexion wherein they undergo no change. Figuratively, prote£lion, patronage, fupport. To COUNTE'NANCE, V. A. [Uora the no'jnj to fupporr, favour, or protedh Figu- ratively, to a<S fiiitable to ; to keep up the appearance of a thing ; to encourage } to ap- pear in defence of. COTJNTE'NANCLRjS. one who appears in behalf, or enco'irage'j a perfonor defijn. COU'NTER, S. [contolr, Fr.J a falie piece of money, ufed as a means of reckoning. Fi guratively, money, ufed in contempt ; the ta- ble or board on which goods are (hewn, or mo- ney told, in a Ihop. 1 a Fai riei v, that pan of j horfe's forehand that lies bttwcea the /liouloer and under the neck. COU/NTER, Adv. [cor.;re, Fr. (ontra, l.at.J in oppofition ; contrary. To COUNTER A'CT, V. A. to df.arcy the power of any caufe, by ac'lini; cents ary to it. ToCOUNTERBA'LLANCE, V. A. to wc'gh one thin..; agaijift aiiolher. f igirrative- Jy, to art againii with an oppofite effert. To COUNTERBU'FF, V.N. to beatb,ick a thing in motion, in a ditet^lion conrrary to that in which it moved atfiift ; to ft:ike or bejt back. COUNTERBUTF.S. a blow which makes 9 thing move in a contrary direction ; a liroke which mzkes a thins tccoii. COUNTE'RCHaNGE, S. a mutual changing of things betv^eea two or more per- Tons. To COUNTE'RCHAWCE, V.N. to give and receive; to change one thing for another. COUNTERCHA'RM, S. a (pell madeule of to deflroy or counterjdt the ti\'tt\i of an- other. ToCOUNTERCHA/RM, V. A. to de- .ftroy the eifeft ot a charm by cyuutcract- ing it. To COUNTERCHE'CK, V. A.. to flop by d fudden onf^mflioa or oupofiiion. To COUNTERDRA'vV; V. A. to copy a defign by means ol' a iint linen cloth, oiled paper, or other tr..n(parent (ubftance, where- on the flrokes appearing, are followed or tra- ced witli ■> pencil. To COUN'Jr^RFElT, V. A." [c-^r.fe friit, from ignittfjiir, Fr.] to copy or lanitJte with an inten'ijn to make tlje thii;g psfs for an otiiiinai j tojaiitite: to reiepicle. Fi^u- c o u ratlvely, to put on the appe^vrance oF fomB'' thing really excellent. COUNTE'RFEIT, Adj. made or copied from another, with an intention to be paire4 for an original ; forged ; fiftitious. Figura- tivelv, deceitful ; hypocritical. CQUNTE'RFEIT, S. oae who perfonates another ; an impo(^or. COUNTE'RFEiTER, S. a forger; one who imitates a thing with- intentioi? to pafs the refembjance as an original. Ufed in an ill fenfc. COUNTE'RFEITLV, Adv. with forgery 5 fiftltiouriy ; with dilTiniuiation. COUNTERGA'GE, S. in Carpentry, a method ufed in mcafuring thejoints, by tram-? ferring the breadth of a moitife to the plai.? in the timber where the tenon is to be, in or« der to make them fit each other. COUNTER'LIGHT, S. in Painting, a. window or light oppofite to any tiling wiiich makes it .nppear to a difadvaatsce. To COUNTERMA'ND, V. A. [co7:t'-f^ mondsr, Fr.] to order fomethins contrary to what has bee.n commanded ; to contradict, or repeal an order. Figuratively, to oppole ; to fet one's felf m oppo(ition to th: commmds ot another. ToCOUNTERMA''RCM,V. A. to marc i^ in a direflion ©ppofj^e to that in which ai? army bestari ; to march back. COUNTERM.VRCH, S. in Vv'ar, a change of the wings and front of a battalion, whereby the men \t\ the front come to be m the rear. F:gi;rativcly^ a change or a'.t^ratior; of meafures, or conduct, oppofite to thols which preceded. COUNTER MA/RK, S. a fecond or third .Tiaik put on a bale of goods belonging to (eve- ral pcrfons, th.it it may not be opened but ia the ore.'ence of them all. cbUNTERMi'N'E, S. in War, a fubter- raneous palfage made by the befieged in lear'll of the enemy's mine, to take out trie powder, give air to It, or any other ways fruftrate it§ effe<:is. ToCOUNTERMl'NE, V. A. [iVnm the noun] to dig a pailage into an enemy s mine;^ by which the powder may be t.iktn out, air given to. it, or othjr means ufed to fruitratc itb'i.itention. Figu^aiivrly, to fruffra'e a de- fign; IQ counte:woik or defeat by I'ecretmea- iures. COUNTERMO'TIQN, S. a motion op- pofiie or contrary to another. COUNTERMU'KE S. {c.nttmur, Fr.J a little W..11 built clofe 10 anothci, to ftrengtherj and fecure it. COUN lERNOrSF, S. a 'nund or noife ma(le in oppofition 10 another, in order IQ drown i^ and liiiirter its bei..,;, Heard. CQUNTtRG/:^L.N!NG, S. an opening; vent, or aperture, oppol'' e to another, tOU-.NTERPAN£,S. [cmnpoint, Fr.] a cloih or o.-nam^ntil cyvering UiJ over a t^'d. T COUN'- c o u COUNTERPA'RT, S.*a part' oppofite to, or which anf^ers another, COU'NTERPLEA, S. the p!ci of a rc- fpcntiert to thit of another ; a reply, in order ti) oppofe the l^l(•a of another. To COUNTERPLO'T, V, A. to play one plot againft another ; to endeavour to hin<ier the effetls of, by forming and carrying on one of a contrary tendency. COUNTERPLOT, S. a ftratagem or at- tifice Ofpofed to another. To COUNTERPO'JSE, V. A. [from cen- tre &n& fio'uiS, Fr.] to place one weight agsii.ft another ; to a£t againft with equal weight. Figurat:vely, to produce a contrary aflion by an equal weight ; to ad with equal power againft anv perlon or caufe. " COUNTERPO'ISE. S. a weight which is heavy enough to ccuntei balance another. Fi- gurative y, an equivalent, or thing of equal worth with another. COUNTERPOPSON, S, a medicine by which the eSisdVs of poifon are hindeied, or COunterafted. COUNTERPRE'SSURF, S. an oppafite force or preflure, by which that which prelTes the contrary way is counterpoifed, or de- Itroyed. COUNTERSCA'RP, S. {cortrefcayfCyTT.'] jn Fonificatinnjihat part of theditch which is next the camp, or the acclivity or exterior part ot the ditch next the country, or field ; feme- times it is taken tor the whole coverx-way, or ghcis. To COUNTERSI'GN, V. A. to fign an order or inftrumsnt figned before bv a king or perfon of higher rank ; tijus when a charter is figned by the king, and afterwards by the fecrt-tarv, the latter is faid to courterJJgr. it. COUNT£R-TENOR,S.oneof themean or middle parts of mufic, fo called becaufc oppofite to the tenor. COUNTERTU'RN, S. in Dramatic Poe- try, the cataftafis, or full growth of a play, which deftroys the cxpeftatioi;, embroils the adion in new difRci.lties, and leaves a perfon difrant from that hope in which it found him. To COUNTER VA'JL, S. [contra and -va- let, Lat. j to acfb with a force oppofite to ano- ther; 10 beif tquil force with another. Fi- guratively, to be equal toj to compenfaie for ; lo countei balance. COUNTERVA'iL, S. equal v/eight or force } power or value fulficient to oppofs or hinder any contrary etTe£l, or objeflion. Fi- guratively, a compenfation, or ihat which is ■'of equal worth with fomethini; eli'e. COUNTER VIE^W, S. oppofuion, or a fituation in which two perfms front each other, figuratively, oppofition, or a deiign which is contrary to that of another. In Painting, a co;-,traft, or fitnatioJi in which tv.'O things illuftrate or fet oftt-ach other. To COUNTERWO'RK, V. A. to cr.dea- C O 17 vour to hinder another cfieft by afllng againl It 5 to counter.-'cl, COU'NTESS, S. [comtefe, Fr.] the wif« of a count or e^rl. COU'NTING-HOUSE, S. a place or room where tracers fettle and poft their books, or keep their accounts. COU'NTLESS, Adj. that which cannot be numbered or counted. eOU'NTRY, S, [contrie, Ft.'] a traft o? land under one governor. Figuiatively, thofa parts of a kingdom which are atadiftance trom cit.es or courts 3 the place of any perfon's birth, or dwelling ; the inhabitants of any kinndom. COU'NTRY, Adj. rude j ur,polite ; un- cultivated 5 ruftic. At a diftance in fituation, or oppofition in principles, to the court. Fi- guratively, rudcj untaught; ignorant. Coun- irydanct, fecms to be derived from the French, which fignines that the partneis ftand oppofite to each other ; but not trom its being a man- ner of dancing peculiar to the country. COUNTRYMA'X, S. one born in the lame kingdom or ihire with another. Figura^ tively, a perlon bred at a diftance from cities or courts. COU'NTY, S. [eorr.te, Fr.] a (hire, or pouion of the realm into which the kingdom is divided ; an earldom. COUPE'E S. [Fr.] in dancing, a motion made with the leg forwards, while the othar IS bent ?nd lufpencied from the ground. COU'PLE, S. Iccupk, Fr. copula, Lat.] a chain, or band wijich holr.s dogs together} two ; a pair. Figuratively, a male and fe- male, joined in marriage. To COU'PLE, V.'^A. {copulo,\.zx. Seethe noun] to chain or faften two or more dogs to- gether. Figuratively, to join two or more things of the fame kind together ; to join two perions together in marriage j to join in em- braces, or copulate, COU'PI.ET, S. two verfes rhimJng to- gether. Figuratively, a pair. COU'RaGE, S, a manly bravenefs of mind, which enables a perfon to run any ri/ks, undergo any difficulties, and confront any dan- gers, arifing from a fenfe of duty, and a fear yf crt'ending him that mide us. COUR.'\'GEOUS, Adj. [courageux, Fr.] rc!"oli;;ely bold, and undercking any enter- prize, though attended with dangers, and fur- rounded with difficiiliies, COURA'GEOUSLY, Adv. in a manner free from fear, and re'.olutely oppofing dif- ficulties and dingers, COU'RANT, or COU'R ANT10,S. [ecu- r^inte, Fr.J any thing which is Ipread or pub- lifhed quickly ; hence courant has been ufed for the title ot a news paper. COURIE'R, S. Fr. [from courir, Fr. to runj a melfenger fent in h-ifte with difpatchet reta'.ing to the ftate ; an exprefs, COURSE. S. a rate. Figuratively, the c o u cow place where races are run. A turn, or order I COURTIE'R, S. one who frequents tte «f fucceflion, ufed with in. " Every one tn his ciurfe,''' A methodical procedure ; a feries wherein the feveral parts have a mutual dependence on each other, and comprife the whok of any fcience or fyftem. " A courfe ot philofophy, chemiftry, &c." A method or manner of aiflion or proceeding ; method of life; or train of aftion ; natural inclination ; a feries or confequence. In Cookery, a num- ber of di(hes fee at one time on a table. In Archite£lure, a continued range of flonef, level cr of the fame height throughout the whole lengtli of building, without any inierrupticn or aperture. In Sea Affaiis, the tradl or line in which a fiiip fails. Courfes, the main-fail and fore-fail of a fhip. To COURSE, V. A. to hunt ; to purfue game ; to purfue with dogs that hunt in view • to exercife in running or galloping. Neuterly, to run j to pafs j or make itlelf a pall'age j to rove. COU/RSER, S. a fwifthotfe. COURT, S. [cour, Fr. cone, Ital.] the pbce where a prince rcfides; a hall or apart- rcent, wherein juftice is aJminirtered ; an open /"pace before a houfe; a fmail place encloCed with buildings, excepting an avjnue which leads to it, and having no paflage at the other end. Figuratively, the retinue or perfuns which attend on a prince in his pjlite j any jurifdic- tion, militaty, civil, cr eccieiiafiical. To COURT, V. A. to woo ; to endeavour to engage the afledlions of a woman, with a view of mairiage. Figuratively, to follicit ; to feek aiier with eagernefs j to tlutter ; to en- deavour to pleafe. or to infinuatc one's fell into the grod graces of another. COU'RT-HAND, S. a large fquare cha- rafler, abounding in abbreviations, in which records and Ijv/ proceedings v/ere foimerly wrote. COUB.TEO/US, A<lj. [ccurtoh, Fr.j affa- ble ; polite ; mil of refpefl and civility. COURTEO'USLY, Adv. in a refpeftful, c;vil, comj.laifant manner. COURTHO'USNESS. S. civil, afJalle, and cnmplaifant behaviour, tending to gain the afTeflion of another. COU'RTESAN, or COURTEZA/N, S. lcoi/>nJ:we, Fr. cortf^iania, Itil ] an unchafte woman ; a prnfiituti.. COU'RTESV, S. [couytofte, Fr. nrtcjih, Ital.j a genteel, aft'dble, anJ polite addicif, wherehy a perfon engages eflecTi and affedUon ; an aft of kindnefs, civility, or refpedl. Fi- guratively, the method in which woman (ricw their refpert of ceremony, i. e. by betiding the Itnees and finking the body. In Law, a te- nure, not of right, but purely by the favour and good nature of others. Cuiirtcfy ef Ei:g- land, is applied to a right winch a perfon lias to an inheritance, who marries an heirels, that h;<s a child by him^ after both Ihe and the chiid arc dead. courts of princes ; one who efpoufes the mea- fures o( the coui t, in oppofition to thofe of the country ; one who foUicitj and endeavours to engage the aftedtions or elteem of another. COU'RTLIKE, Adj. elegant; polite; re- fembling the court. _ COU'RTLINESS, S. elegance o^manners civiUty of behaviour, anu politenefs of ad- dref>. COU'RtLY, Adj. relating to, favouring, or flattering the court. Adverbially, in the manner of courtiers j elegantly. ^ ToCOU/RTSEY, V.N. [p, enounced a/rf- jej] to fink the body by bending the knees, applied to the method ufed by the fair fex, to fl'.ew their refueit and breeding. COU'RTSHJ?, S. the aft of endeavourirg to gain the favour of a fuptrior, or the afiec« tions of a woman. _ COU'SIN, S. Icoufwe, Fr. cugino, Ital.] a title of relation, applied to thole who are born of two fifiets, or two brothers. Figuratively, a tit!:g;ven by :hs king to a nobleman, elpe- cially to fuch as lorm the privy council. COW, S. the fenwie of the la.ger or bl.ick cattle ; its young are called calves ; the male a bull ; and its flefli, when killed, beef. To COW, V. A. [by contraftion from cotvaid] to deprefs, to keep in great fu'njec- tion, lo as to render a perfon unable to under- take any bold and generous a(flion. CO'WARD, S. [couard, Fr. cchardf, or co'vardc, Span.] a perfon who is viiioufly ti- morous, or afraid of oppofing any danger ; a woid of great reproach. CO'WARDICE, S. an exrefTive timorouf- n;f?, wh:ch renders a perfon the contempt of his adverfaries, and the fcorn of his friends. CO'W.AKDLINESS, S. the quality of adling like a cow.jrJ. CO'WARDLY, Acij. in the manner of a perfon whc is a.'raid to fhew refentment, or oppofe an enemy. To CO'WER, V. N. [cwrr'ian, Brit, cour- ier, Fr.] to floop by bending the knees, ap- plied to beafls. Figuratively, to floop or hjDg over a thing, applied t« the attiiude of a hu- man creature. CO'WISH, Adj. timorous j fearful to a vice. COWL, S. [ci'glt, Sax. ho-vel, Big. cucul, Rrit. cucuUu!, Lat.J a k'nd of veil worn ly monks ; a vefTel in wiiich water is earned on a pole hetween two. COWLtiY, [Abraham] one of the ted poets of the 17th century, w.is born near the end of Chancery-lane, in Flect-ftieet, London, in 1618. His fattier was a grocer, and died elorc he was bom ; his motticr, by the inie- reft of his friends, procured him to be adrniaei a kin^i's fchoiar at Wcftmn ilcr-lchool, Evc.i here Ins genius dawned wuh pii.mifing ray?, 1,. ce in his i6th year, he publifhed a colkition ■jt verfes called Poetical iJloU'omsi it is itmark- T a «4 c o z ibi of h'm tlut he could never remember, even at fchool, the common rules of grammar, but I'upi lie(i that defedl by an intimate acquaint- C R A a perfon by falfe appearances, In order to <^(j* prive him of his property ; a fraud, impofture« CO'ZENER, S. one who cheats or defrauds ance v/lth books. He was entered at Trinity I another by means of fpecious pretences, or falfe coHege, Cambridge J whence, notwithftanding I appearances. the piirity of liis moral?, and the fame of his abilities, be was ejccled in 1643, and imme- I diately retired to St. John's college, Oxford. His talents were fo great for public bufinefs^ tiiat they introduced him to an intimate ac- quaintance with the royal family, occafionpd his going to France with the Q^mother, and his being fcnt back again in order to give intelli- gence of the affairs of the kingdom ; a charge he performed with fomuch fecrecy and addrefs, that he eluded all difcovery. On the re-efta- blifhmcnt of the royal f.imily, he retired from bufinefs, and living in a private manner, excr- cifed the great talents he poflcffcd on fubjeds worthy ot the pen of a man, and the thoughts of a Chri:ti.\n. Tio' blefl with grent ta lents, he poflelVed no lefs modcfty 5 though employed in the molt dangerous affairs, he acquitted himfelf with addrefs and eafe, and was accomplifted with all manner of abilities adapted to the greateft employs. As a poet, he is fuppofed to have had rather too much, than too little v.it ; to have nut been curious enough in the choice of his words, or in the lidrmonv of his numbers : but for fublimity ol thought, variety of ilyle, or fertility of inven- tion, no one ever furpaffed him ; he was no lefs admired for his compofitions in Laiin than thcfe in Englifb, and when he died at Chert- fey, in 1667, deferved the (iately refpe£l which perfons ot the highefl quality paid him, by attending him to the gravf, and truly merited that noble chara^tii'r king Charles bellov.'ed on him •. " That he had not Icit a better man be- hind him in England." CO'WSLIP, S. [o'jVfpe, Sax.] in Botany, a fraall yellowilh flower^ a fpecies of ine prim- CO'XCOMB, S. an ignorant pretender to knowledge and polite accompliflmients. COXCO'MICAL, Adj. foppifli; conceitedj alVefting an appearance of learning and polite- nels, including the idfa of vanity. COY, Adj. [cci, Fr.] m.odeit j referved ; not fubmiuing to the fjmilaritics of a lover, or teftifying any appro'iaiion of his advances. To COY, V.N. [from the arjeftivej to behave with refcrve and difapprobation of the ^ f^mihirities of a lover j to condefcend with re- lui'tdf.ce. COY'LY, Adv. with referve ; with un- w'llingnefs to admit any advances of a lover. CO'YNESS, S. referve ; unwillingtiifi to admit the advances or familiarities of a lover. COV'STREL, S. -a degenerate kind of hswk. To COZE'N, V. A. to impofe on a pcrfon by feigned appearances j to cheat, trick, or ^etiaud CRAB, S. [cratkj, Sax, krabbe, Betg. and Ifl. kreb, Dan. and Teut.] a roundifh, fiat, fea /hell-fif!i ; which every year diveft themfelves of their /hell, and repair that lofs by means of a jiiice, with which they cover their bodies ; a wild four fmall apple, or the tree that bears it. figuratively, a crofs, four, morofe perfon. A wooden engine with three claws, ufcd in launching (hips, or heaving them into the docks. In Allronomy, one of the figns of the zodiac. See CANCER. In Com- pofition, it is ufed for any four or degenerate fruit, as a cra^-cherry, a cr^ji-plum. CRA'BBED, Adj. applied to the temper and behaviour of a pcrfon, four, morofe, void of affability. Figuratively, difagreeable, or unpleafmg. "Three irrai/f^/ months." Shak, Applied to writing?, not cafy to he underftood ; difficult, or perplexing. " Whatever the crahhetlej} author hath." Hudib. CR A'BBEDLY, Adv. in a pecvifti, morofe, fcur, and unfociable manner. CRA'BBEDNESS, S. applied to the tafte, four, or refembling that of a crab j applied to the looks, croffnefs ; applied to behaviour, morofenefs ; and applied to writings, difficulty, or hardnefs to be underftood. CR A'BBER, S. in Natural Hiftbry, an ani- mal which preys on fifh, called likewile a warer-rat. CRATES-EYES, S. in Pharmacy and Na- tural Hiftory, are found in two feparate bags on each fide of the ftomach of the crawfifh, and are akaline, abforbent, and in feme de- gree diuretic. CRACK, S. \o:ic, Fr. kraek, Belg.] a fudden burfting, by which the parts of a body are feparated from each other. Figuiatively, the chink or chafm made by the feparation of the parts of a body ; the found made by any body in burfting or fallmg ; a found made by a fudden and quick blow ; a flaw. To CRACK, V. A. [kraeckon,Bc\i,. krc<. ken, Tcut.] to break into chinks; to break or fplit 5 to deflroy by breakirg; to make a flaw in a thing. Neuterly, to burft ; to fplit; to 01 en in chinks ; to fall or run to ruin ; ;o rcalce a loud nofc by burlting, or trom a fud- den blow ; to bo.:)t. CRACK-BRAINED, S. one who is difor- d.;rrd in his iniellefls, or mad. To CRA'CF:I-E, V.N. tomakealowand frequent noife, refembling that of a bay leaf when burnt. CRADLE, S. [craJele, credel, Sax. crud, Brit,] a fmall moveable bedfiead for chih-'rcn, made cf wicker-work, and fitted with pictes of wood underneath, which make the ie.^- men": of a circle, by means of which it is COZENA'GE, S. theaft of imporngupoD rocked U? and fro. Figuratively, infancy. In Surgery, C H A S.urfery, a kind of cafe refembling a crsdle, :n which a limb is laid, that has been lately fct. In fhip-building, a frame of timber raifed along the otitfivie of a iliip, by the bulge ferving to launch her with greater eafe and fecurity. To CRADLE, V. A, to lay cr rock in a cradle. Figuratively, to lay or compofe. CRAFT, S. [craeft, Sax. krofft , Tcut. crefft, Eiit.] a trade, or mechanic employ ; a kind of low cunning, whereby one perfon out- wits or over-reaches another. CRA'FTILY, Adv. in a cunning manner; in a manner which includes in it more art than honefty. CRATTINESS, S. cunning. CRA'FTSMAN, S. an artificer, tradef- man, manufadlurer, or mechanic. CRA'FTY, Adj. cunning: full of art, whereby a perlon over-reaches another, or car- ries on a defign againft him without his difco- very : it includes the idea of fclfillinefs, and fometimes di/honefly. CRAG, [kraighe, 3elg.] a neck, or the fmall end of the neck, applied to a joint ot butcher's meat. CRAG, S. [icratg, Brit. J a rough fteep rock ; the rugt^eS parts of a rock, CRA'GGED, Adj. full of ruggedneffes, or uneven parts. CRA'GGEDNLESS, S. the flate of being craggy. CR .A.'GG Y, Adj. uneven ; broken ; rugged. To CRAM, V. A. to ftuff by force ; or to force more into a thing than it can conveniently contain ; to fill with more food than a perfon can conveniently eat j to thrufl: down by force, applied t',> the method ufed to feed and fatten turkies. N;;uterly, to eat more than a perfon can well bear. CRA'iMCO, S. [a cant word] a play in which one perfon is obliged to find a rhime to a word given him by another. CRAMP, S. [krampe, Dan. crampon, Tr. grat'fo, Ital.] In Medicine, a convulfive or in- voluntary contraflion of the mufcular part of the body, attended with great pain. Figura- tively, any reftraint which hinders a perfon from exerting either the faculties of his mind, or the Ihengtli of his body. CRAMP, Adj. attended with difFiculties ; not ealv to be underftood : a low term. To CRAMP, V. A. to cantraa the nluf- culous parts, and thereby occafion great pain. Figuratively, to reftrain, confine, obftrufl, or hinder ; to fatten together with cramping irons. CRA'MP-FISH, S. in Natural Hlftcry, the torpedo, a fifh which not only benumbs the hands of thofe that touch it, but likewife afieds them in the fame manner, when they tjke it with a line and fifliing-rod. CRANE, S, \_crutie, crdn, Sax. hrane^'Yt\i\. haene, ^ft\g. gar an, Brit.] in Natural Hiftory, a bird with long feet, a long neck, and long beak, preying on lifli j an engine, fitted with C R A ropes and palleys, ufed to cnload /hips arJ , Carts. Vulgarly, a fiphon, or infirument uftj draw liquor out of bottles or ca/ks. CRA'NEAGE, S. a liberty of making ufe of a crane, to draw up wares from ve:Tels ia any creek or fhore ; likewife the money paid for the ufe of a crane. CRA'NIUM, S. fLat. from Xj-xyjcr, Gr.] in Anatomy, an afTemblage of bones, which " involve and include the cerebellum and brain, commonly called the fkull. CRANK, S. [from cnkranck, Belg. of krarik, Bilg.J tlie end of an iron ax's turned quare down, and turned again fquare to the firil turning down, fo that on the laft turning down aleather thong is flipt to tread the treddle ' wheel about ; or, it is a contrivance, of a fquare form projeifling out, from an axis or fpindle, ferving by its rotation to raife and fall the piflons ot an engine for raifing water ; any binding or winding paflage. Figuratively, any ple:ifing conceit or pun formed by wrefting a word from its original fignification. CRANK, Adj. [ from the nounj in Sea Lan- guage, is applied to a fhip, which is faid to be crankfided, when flie cannot bear her fails, or but fmall lail, without danger of ovet letting, and to be crank hy the ground, when her floor or bottom is fo narrow, that ihe cannot be brought on ground without danger. To CRANKLE. V. N. lo run in and out; to run in mazes, meanders, or wind- ings. "See hov/ the river comes cr^wW/W in." i'hak. Aftively, to break into wind- ings. " Old Vaga's Hream, craukliug her banks." Philips. CRA'NKLES, S. an unequal furface ; an- gles formed by the windings of a ftream. CRA'NNIED. Adj. full of holes or chinks. CRA'NNY, S. [creneau, Fr. crem, Ital.] a chink, clefr, or a narrow hole made in a rock or fol'd body. CRAPE, S. [crepa, low Lat.] a light tranfpatent manufacture refembling gauza^ made of raw filk gummed and twiiled in the mill, wove without crofling, and much ufed in mourning. CRA'PULENCE, S, [cra/a/a, Lat.] driin- kennefs ; or the Jiforder of the head occafion- ed by exceffive drinking. CRATlJLOUS, Adj. {crabulofm, Lat.] drunk ; fick or difordcred in the head by ex- ceffive drinking. To CRASH, V. N. to make a loud noife, applied to that which is occaQoned by the fall of feveral things at once. A£lively, to break or bruife by means of force. Figuratively, to drink, applied to liquor. CRASH, S. a loud, fudden, mixed, found, occafioned by feveral things falling, or being daflied together. CRA'SIS, S. [Lat.] conftitution, or the habit of body formed by due temperature of the humours of the body j health, T 3 CRAS C Pv E CHASS, ^.[crr^j/us, Lat.] thick; grof^ ; not eafilv lunnin^, applied to fluids. CRA'SSITUDE, S. [crafiiuJo, Lit.] that ftate ot 3 fluid which enables it to ("uppoiC fo- lid bodies withoni finking; grofTiiefj. CRASTINA'TION, S. [crajhm, Lat.] the aeljyiii.'. a iliing, which ought to be dun;: immfdiately, to ancher limf. CRA'ICH, S. [crefcbt. Ft. crates, Lat.] the p..!iradoed fr^me inwhich hay is pur; a n. an- ger. " 1 vac laid in the cratch " llahtc:!!. CR AV A'T, S. a cloth worn rou.-.d the neck; a neckcloth. To CR A'VE, to a(k a thing with earneft- nefs and lubmifllo'i. Figurslively, to a(k in CKflantly, or wilh for without being fatibfit-d ; to require as ncctfJ'ary ; to call for a claim, applied lo ibing'. CRA'VEN, S. a cock that is conquered, and void of courage " No cock of mine, yon ciow too like a craven.^' Shak. Figuratively, a coward, or oi;e ..traid to encounter any danger. To CR.-V'VEN, V. A. [fiun the noun] to render inadtive by fear ; to render a pcrlon a coward, or affcifl with cowardice. CRAW, S. \crce, Dan. kragbe, Belg.] the crop or (irft (lo.nicli of birds, made ry the infinitely wife Aichittft of the world to'Jupply the want of tepth and maftica'ion in birds. CR.-i'VV.f liH, S. [for.ietimes wiiiten c:ay- fip-, from dcrt-jtji, Tr. kreef:, Bclg.j in Nitu- ral Hinory, a imall frefn vvalei-ftfa in the • form of a lobiter. To CRAWL, V, A. \h-u!in, Btly.] to inove wiiii a flow motion alon^; the ground, like a Worm. Figuratively, to move flow!y , to move in an abjedt poflute, hated and de- Ipifrd by ail. CRAWLER, S. an anima! which moves with its beily on the i.rcurd ; any anir.ial moving with a fl( w or creeping motion. CR.A'YON, [F.-.] any colour formed into a rwll or penc;!, with which pictures or por- traits ?.re drawn cr coloured. Figuratively, anv defig.n or portrait formed with crayons. To CRAZE, V. A. [ecrajfr, Fr.] to break. Figuratively, lo cruih or weaken a claim, or ar'^ument ; to pov/dcr. " 1 he craz.i'ii ttaW " uruiztth it to a fins fand." Cauiv. To dif- o;der the fenfes or brain of a perfon ; to make a perfon mi J. CRA'ZEDNESS, S. the flate of a thing b'oken ; weaicnrls ; madnefs, applied to the underfunding. CR A'ZJNESS, S. the ftate of being mad ; weakntfs. CRa'ZY, S. r«rtf//, Fr.] broken. Figu r?,tively, weak with ^ge ; decrepit; fecLlc ; dilorde • in mind ; lunatic/ or mad. To REAK, V. N. [corruptcn from frdfij to make a barfn, /hiill, and diiagreeablc noii't, li^^c ibat of a rufty hinge, applied both to thinss and animals. CREAM S. \cteir.e, Fr. cretr.a ItsL ere- P.,r, Lat J the thick, Ui oi unduous lubr(an;.t. C R E whch rifcs on ih<r furfaceof milk, when it ha* ftood fume time, ufed in making butter. Fi- guratively, the bed, eilential, ot m.oft valuable ijan of any thing. To CREAM, V. N. to rife in cream. Fi- juraiiveiv, to Inolc pale like cream. Ac- tively, to ikim ofl'the cream of milk, Figura- tivelv, to take or colleifl the flower, beft part, or quin'eHence of a thii-.g. ; REAM FACED, A"rtj. pale with fear, CREA'MV, Adj. abounding with, or of the nature of cream, CREASE. S. a mark made in a thing by folding or diubling it. ToCRE.^SE, V. A. to make a mark in any thir.H, by folding or doubling it. To CREA'TE, V. A. [^creatum, fupine of creo, Lat.] to form ("it of nothing. Figura- tively, to caufe or produce ; tooccafion; to confer an honour or dignity. "I create )0U companions." Shak. In Law, to give a thing new qualities ; or put it into a new ftate. •' Power to create a manor." DaiJies. CREA'TION, S. the aft of forming or giving exiftence. In its rtrift fenfe, it implies the giving exifterce- to a thing, which bad no preexiftent matter. Fipuiatively, the aft of conferring titles and dignity. The things creatcJ; the univerfe. CREA'TJVE, Adj. having the power to form out of nothing ; exerting the atl or power of creition. CREA'TOR, S. [L^t.] the being that be- ftows exiftence, or :orms, without any pre- ceding ma'.tpr. CRE.\'TURE, S. [pronounced creeture] a being which ewes its exigence to lomcthing elfe. Figuratively, ufed for one who owes his fortuiie to, and is at the devotion of another, CRE A'TURELY, Adv. having the quali- ties of a c:eaied thing. CRF.'BRiTUDE.'s. [from crther, Lat.] •requenrnefs, or the quuiiiy of repeating the fame thing often. CRE'DLNCE, S. \credens, Lat.] belief; credit; the aft of the niinri whereby it affenrs to the tni'h of a peifon's pretcnfions, and places confidence in his clairh to .fTent. Fi- guratively, tbJt which gives a pcrfon right to belief or crfdit. CivEDEND.A, S. [Lat.] things or ariicles which ir is iieceffjry to believe; ihofepropo- fitions cr articles which are meiely the objcifts of faiih, oppofed xa ager„ia, or pr«ftic^l • uties. CREDE'NTIAL, S. [cuders, Lat.] that which gives a right to bthet and credit; that which w.^rrants a perfon's aflumingany autho- rity, a.^d claims the refpeft due to one of that chau-idier, CREHIBI'LITY, S. the claim which a thing m-y have to be iffented to or believed ; the qujlity or eviucme which rendeiu a thiii^ fit to be . ficnted tc; probability. CRt'DlBLE, Adj. \credibi,is, Lat.] worthy 1 of credi", ol!er,t, or beiitf. CRE'DiBLENESS, C R E ■CRE'DIBLENESS, S. the quality which renders a thing worthy of credit, alTent, or belief. CRE'DIBLY, Adv. in Aich a manKer as itiay be alVented lo j in fuch a manner as to claim belief. CRE'DIT, S. [Fr. from credo, Lat,] be- lief of a thing as a truth. Figuratively, honour, ^eem, tcftimony, or reputation for hor-elty ; the lending and expeftation of monty lent within fome limited time j the faith repofe) in the government by lending money at intereft, which may be transferred, though not redeem- abi'.', or is promifed to bs repaid at a certain time. In commerce, it fignifies fomething fuld upon truft ; and ihe credit of a perfoii's ac- count, is that on which his payments, whether in ca/h or other comtr.odities, are regiftered. To CRE'DIT, V. A. [credo, Lat, J to be- lieve or afient to what a perfon lays as truth. Figuratively, to reflcft honour on aperfon or thing ; to truft or confide in one j to let a per- fon have go^ds on truft. In Commerce, to dsfcharge a debt, by entering an aaicle on ite credit fide of an account. CRE'DIT ABLE, Adj. that v/hich may en- gage C'jnficience, or efteem. In Commerce, that which may procure truft j honourable; eftimable ; above contempt. CRE'DIT ABLENESS, S. reputation ; the being generally prailed and elieemed. CRE'DITABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to keep one's reputation, or avoid difgrace. CRE'DITCR, S. [Lat.J one who lets an other have any thing on truft; one to whom a debt is owing. In Book-keeping, that fide of an account wherein all things which are de- livered are entered : in the Caih-book, it con- tains a perfon's paymenis, CREDU'LITY, S. [creJidlt/, Fr. creduli tat, Lat.J belief, without examining into the truth of the thing ali'ented tu 5 too g'eat eali- nefs in believing, CRE'DULOUS, Adj. {creduhis, Lat.] af- fenting to any thing pn-pofeii as an ohjeft of •belief, without examining into its truth. CREDU'LOUSNESS, S. the puality of believing without examinati(;n. CREED, S. a brief fummary of the prin- cipal articles of a perfon's faiih ; ufed both in a fcriptural and political fenfe. To CREEK, V. A, [kreckc, Belg.] to •make a harfli noife« CREEK, S. [uscca, S^x. kreke, Belg.] in Geography^ a part of the lea which juns into the land; a port, or bay ; a prominence, or jutting, in a winding coaft. CRE'-EKY, Adj. full of creeks and wind- ings. To CREEP, V. N. [prefer crept ; creopa,,, trypan, Sax. croppian, Biit. krepcu, kreupen, B.lg. kryp^ HI. to go bent] to move with the belly to the ground, applied to reptiles, or ani iiuls which have no legs, (uch as worms and fcrpents. Figuratively, to grow alon^ the C R E ground, or upon fupporters, applied to vege^ tables; to move flowiy ; to move unperceivi" into any place; to come uncxpefted, or fteal out of a place unperceived and unheard ^ tc be- have with abjeftnefs, or meannefs of ipint. CRE'EPER, S. a plant which runs along the ground, or fuppons itfelf by means of fjme ftronger body 5 an iron ufed to Hide along a grate in kitchens ; a kind of patten or clog worn by women in dirty weather. CRE'EP-HOLE, S. a hole or cavity into which an animal may retire to efcape danger. Figuratively, an excufe, means devifcd to efcape (hame, or elude the force of law. CRE'EPINGLY, Adv. in a flow motion j after the manner of a reptile. CRE'N.-^TED, Adj. [from c««a, Lat.] in Botany, notched j jagged 5 or fawed on the ed^es. CRE'PANE, S. in Farriery, an ulcer in the midft of the fore-part of the foot, caufed by a bilious, fharp.and biting humour that frets the Ikin, or by a hurt given by ftnking the hinner-'eit. To CRE'PITATE, V. N. Icrepitatum, fupine o{ cepito, Lat.j to make a fnaall crack- ling noife. CREPU'SCULE, S. [crepufculum, Ut.lia Aftronomy, the twilight. CRE'SCENT, Adj. [crefien:, Ln ] grow- ing ; increaiing ; in a ftate of increafe. CRE'SCENT, S. the moon in her increaf- ing Ihte. In Heraldry, a bearing in form ot a huif moon, with the ends of her hcriS pointed upv/ards. CRESS, S. [plural crejes, fiom crefco, Lat.] a herb, u.'ed for fallac', or eat raw, of which there are feveral forts ; the garden crefs and the water crefs are the moft known. CRE'SSET, S. [cor}fitte, Fr.] a great light f:t on a light-houfeor wjtch-tower; a beacon. " Burning crejjets.^'' ^bak. CREST, S. [cmjle, Fr. crifta, Lat.] the plurne ot feathers or other ornament worn on the top of helmets ; the comb of a cock. ]ji Heraldry, the upper part of an armoury, or that part over thecafque or helmet next to ihe mantle, which Conttins the ornament ; any natural tuft on the head. Figuratively, pride, Ipirit, or courage. CRE'S FED, Adj. {cripius, Lat.] adorned with a plunii, or creft ; having a comb or tuft on the head. CREST-FALLEN, Adj. difpirited; cowed; in a (tare of dejedtion. CRE'STLESS, Adj. in Her^dry, not ho- noured with coat- armoury j not of a noble or honouraole family, CRETA'CEOUS, Adj. [f«/a,Lat.] chalkj sboundi/,g with, having the qualities of chalk. CRE'VICE, S. [crevafe, Fr. from cre-ver, Fr.] a narrow openui;; made in a thing by its ■ racking, ijeiierally applied to walls or wain- fcot. T 4 CREW, CRT tfvEV.% S. [crrri,, Sat. hf!, Ferf.] for- httly, «a Company iTiet together, for any pur- pofc. " A noble crrij of lords and ladies." ftjf(-y S^ctrt. At prefenc applied to the Hiip's tompany j or ufed to figniiy a company of <;ontemptiMe perfons, or fuch as herd together vviih fome bad defign, CRE' WEL, S. [kkivil, Belg] fine wornt-a, or yarn, twifted and made up in an !:notor ball. CRIB, S. [cryi't/e, Six.] the rack or pal- lifadoed frame i/i a flabie, wherein hay is placed for feeding of cattle j a nuoger. Fi- guratively, the fiall of an o>: ; a finall habi- tation or hut. " Why rather, fleep, lieft thou in fmc!k.y tv.'ii." Sha^. The canls which each party l<iy out of their hanris, aod are reckoned for the benefit of the dealtr at the game of cribbage. CPvIBBA'GE, S. a game at cards, wherein tKe p! ysrs endeavour to make pairs, f^quents, pairs royal, and one and thiity at playing, and to held in thL-ir hands as many fitteens, pairs, and lequents as they can. CRlBt^LE, S. [crlve/.'c, Ital. o-iSrutn, Lat.] a corn-fieve. CRICK, S. [fM'crt, Ital.] the noife made by a door when its hings are irufly, or want 6i!in? ; a puinful (lifynel's in the neck. CRIC'KiiT, S. an infeft which frequents fire-! laces or ovens, and is remarkable for a continiial chirping or creaking n.ite ; a game which 3 played at with a bat and ball. CIli'EP., S. a pcrfon authorifed to proclaim tliings that ate loft, or thofe which are to be fold. CRIME, S. [Fr. cn:;:er:, Lat.] a voluntary bteach ot any known law j an offence. CRI'MEFUL, Adj. faulty in a high degree j vrouj^ht againft the renr.orfcS of c^nfcience, And the knowledge of a law j contrary to duty, or virtue. CRl'MELESS, Adj. void of crime or blame; irti ocent. CRl'WJNAL, Adj. [from crhal.iis, Lit.] itbntraiy to any known law. Figuratively, faulty; worihy of blame ; guilty j fubjeft to iomc punilTimenton account of the violation of a law, Ira Law, that which is -oppofed to ■ivil. CRI'MINAL, S. aperfon who is accufedof a vchintary breach of a known bw ; a pcrfon ^vho has knowingly and wilfully afled con- trary to any hw. CRIMIKA'LLY, Adv. in a manner in- confiftcnt with innr cence ; in a manner which jmplies guilt, or the wilail breach of fome Jdw; in a manner wh';ch defe'ves blame or f iinifhment. CRni!NA'T:ON, S. [nhr.imtio, L=t.] • he aft of accijhng a perion of the breach ot £um!^ law. CRIMINOUS, A.M. fcnmhcfus, L»t.j chargeable wiih i w\\t'v'. breach or any knn-*n I aw, inclilding the idea of grtat perveifity, [ aco enormous ^uili, \ C R I CRKMINOUSNESS, S. enormity; er t great degree of gui It or wickednels. "J neve? coulJ be convinced of any fuch ci iminoujncjs (n him." K. Charles. CRIMP, Adj. [from crimbli or crumhle] eafily broken ; crunidling with drynefs } ealily reduced to powder. Figuratively, not conliftent ; not of any force. " The evidence " i? criml> ; the wiinefTes fwear backwards and ■' forwards," Sii-':/;. A low word. To CRl'MPLF, V. A. [from ruiapli, crim- bU, or cruniblc'l lo draw together in wrinkles. " Crimplerl them I'p." fViJi/i. CRl'MSON, S. [rr.ime'ife, Fr. carrnefme, atm\f,r:-i, Ital. J a deep red colour, mixed with ..n appearance of blue. Figuratively, in Foe- lical Language, ufed for a dark, or any degree of a red. To CRKMSOM, V. A. to dye or colour with red or criit^fon. CRINGE, S. i^from the verb] a low bow, carrying with it the idea of fav;mngand mean Icrvility. To CRINGE, V. A; [^rwij^n, Teut.] to form into wrinkles, or uncouth appearances. '' You'll fee him cnr.ge his fjce." SbakcJpearCi Neuterly, to behave in a me:n, fervilc, com- plailant manner, in order to gain a perfon's favour, or avert his anger ; to fawn. To CRI^NKLE, V. N. [krinckelen, Belg.] to ga in and out ; to wrinkle. Adtively, to draw a thing into wrinkles ; to make the l^ur* face of a thing uneven. CR]^^JKLE, S. a* wrinkle. ■ CRINOSITY, S. the quality of abounding in hair; hairinels, CRiP'PLE, .S. [crypd, Sax.] a perfon who hasnottJie ulcof h.s lunLs, efpecially his legs* To CRlP'l'LE, V. A. to make l..mc, or deprive a perfun of the ul'e of his limbs. CRIPTLENESS, S. the (fate of a perfon who is lame, or has not the ufe of his limbs, CRP.SiS, S. \Kr-iT,.;, Gr.J in Medicine, a change in a dif.,rdcr, which euher determines a patient's deatli gr recovery. Figuratively, in Politics, a period of time, wherein an under* taking is arrived dt its greatell height ; any particular period of time. CRISP, Adj. {wflus, Lat.] curled. " CV//f, bair'J." l!a!c. indented, winding* " Leave your crvj} channels." tihak. Dry, brittle, or ealily broken. " The wood or ftring cf the inlliument is made more crifp."'' Bacon, To CRISP, V. A. [o'lfpo, Lat.] to <url, or form a thing into a riig; to twilt, Neuter- ly, to tun in a;id ("it. 'Jo make a thing eafy to be briiken byfrvins or drying it. CRI.SPA'TION, b". ih'j ac^ of culling; the ftate of being curled. CRl'PSNESS, S. the quality of a thing curled ; eafinefsto ire broken, owing to dryntfs. In Cbcikery, the b'iitlenefs oF a thing, owing 10 thehaid !.^c;uftationf•JrHlcd bv a brifk fire. CRl'SFY, C ll o CilT'SPy, Aiij. curled. In Cookery, brown and trittle. CRITE'RION, S. {y.^Cr,.;::,'^, from xpv:c, Gr.] a ftandard by which the gooJnefs or badnefs of a thing may be meafured and judged. CRI'TIC, S. [K{(T»y.o?, from K^tm, Gt.] a perfon formed by nature, and qualified by art, to point out the peifeftion or imperfeiflion of any of the ptoJuftions in the arts or fciences j one who is employed in dillinguifhing the beau- ties' or defeats of an author. Figuratively, a cenfurcr, or perfoA apt to find fault either with the writings or aftior.s of another. CRI'TIC, Adj. belonging to criticifia; or the art of judging of the performances of an author. CRI'TIC, S. [cr'nique, Fr.] an examination or comment on theworksof an author, where- in both t.'fte and learning are ufed as guides ; a criticifm ; the art of criticifm, CRITICAL, Adj. able to diftinguifli the beauties and detefts of any produftion ; nice, exaft, accurate; with nil the judgment and care of a critic. " Virgil was fo critical in the rites of religion." Stilling, After the manner of a critic; according to the rules of criticifm. " Hs wrote a rrfriiW difTertation on the rtiield of^'Eneas." Captious; inclined to find fault ; cenforious. In Medicine and Politics, that in v,hich fome crifis or impor- tant change happens. CRI'T.'CALLY, Adv. in a critical man- ner ; in fuch a manner as to dlfcover beauties Or defeiSs ; es.itflly; curioufly. CRI^TICALNESS, S. exaanefg, nicety; accuracy ; the zi\ of exercifmg the judgment, in order to difccrn the faults or perteitions of ahy produftion. To CRITl'CISE, V. N. to write remarks, or point out the beauties and defedls of any produflion. Figuratively, to find fault vviih. Aftively, to cenfure, blame, or find fault with. CRITICISM, S. the art or ftandard of judging of the merits or demerits of any pro- du6tion. Figuratively, a remark or obferva- tion made by a critic. To CROAK, V. N. [cracettav, Sax. croaf- fir, Fr. Kcai'ai, Gr.] to make a hoarfe noife, applied to that made by a frog or nven. Fi- guratively, to covet, to crave, or make a dif- agreeable murmur. CROAK, S. the noife made by a frog, ra- ven, or crow, CRO-^CEOUS, A.lj. \ciocens, Lat.] con- fiding of, or rcfembling faffron ; yellow, or of a faflron colour. CROCK, S. [kruik, Belg. croc, Fr.] a cup or earthen velfel ; a pot to boil vidtuals in. Figuratively, the fmut occafioned by rubbing the Qutfide of a pot againft any thin"'. CROCKERY, S. [from kruick, Bclg.J earthen ware. CRO'CODILE, S. [crocodifus> Lat. from Wfexcf; and hi\iiy, Gr.j in Nututal Hiftorv, an 6 » c H o ■i!i"iphibiou5 voracio'js animal, refembllnga !i^ zard, covered with very hard fciles, fcarce vul- nerable, unlefs under the belly, having four fhort legs, of incredible fwiftnefs, butnoteafily turning itfelf; its throat is wide, its teeth growing in feveral rows, fliarp, feparating and clofing between each other. Its fight is very piercing when on land, but in water very dim. The length of its body is from 15 to :8 cubits long; its colour is of a dark brown, fpcckled with blackifh fpots. Its eggs, which are of the fize of thofe of a g'.ofe, are laid by the female ■to the number of 60, and covered with land, on the water fide, where they are hatched by the fun. The prodigious fecundity of this creature, fo dreadful iwth to' the human race and the inhabitants of the water, is counter- adled by Providence, in giving the male an unnatural inf^in£l, whereby he devours his oif- fpring, as fo'jn as hatched ; and left by the care of the fern ale, v,'ho preferves not a few from his voracious jaws, this defign fliould be fruftrated, the ichneumon, or Indian rat, which is of the fpecies t.f a tame cat, breaks the eggs wherever it finds them, and it is reported to get dowii the throat of this creature while it IS fleeping with its mouth open, and to gnaw its way out again through its entrails. Ii\ Rhe- toric, the word is applied to a fophifl-ical and captious kind of argument, contrived to fe- duce and enfnare the unwary. CRO'CODILINE.Adj. [crocoJoir,!us, Lat.J like a crocodile ; captious, or enfnaring. CRO'CUS, S. [Lar.J in Botany, hath a (patha or fheath of one kaf • the flower hatli one petal deeply cut into fix long fegments ; it hath three f>amina, and a roundifli germen at the bottom of the tube, fupporting 3 /lender rtyle, and becoming a rounli/h fruit, with three cells filled with roundifh feeds. CROFT, S. [Sax. J a ^e!d or clofe adioin- ing to a houfe, fown with corn, or ufed foe paf^ure. CROIS^'DE, erCROIS.VDO, S. [en!. fade, Fr.j an holy war, or expedition againft infidels and heretics. CROl'SES, S. [c/-^;.v, Fr.] pilgrims bound for the Holy Land, or thofe who had been al- ready there, fo called from the badge, in form of a crofs, which they wore on their garments CRO'MWELL, [Oi. ivf.r J was the fon of Mr. Rob. Cromwell, fecond Ion of Sir Henry Cromwell, of Hinchinbrooke, in the county of Huntingdon, by Elisabeth, daughter of Sir Richart Stewart, of the ide of Ely, knight. He was born in the ancient borough of Hun- tingdon, April the 24th or 25th, 1599. Ho was fent to thefree-fchool at Huntingdon, and from thence to Sidney College, Cambridge, where he was admitted, April 23, i6l6 ; but here his tutor, Mr. Rich. Howlet, difcovcrcd his genius was fitter for atHon than fpecula- tion. Up«n the death oi his father, he re- turned home, and was fooii after placed In Lincoln's inn, where wine, women, and gam- ine) C R O inp, cngroffed his attention more than the ftudy of the law. Thefe fuon difiipated all that his father had \°(t hi.Ti ; but perceiving the conl'e- <juences ef thefe follies, he fuddcr.ly renounced the.Ti, «nd contri£led an intimate friendfhip with levers 1 eminent divinef, who looked upon hitn as a man ot great abilities. As he was related to I'evfral confirferable families, who were defirous o*'" leeing him fettled, they pro- yofed his marrying Eliz)bcth, daughter of Sir James Bouchier, of Eflex, a woman of p.-rts, and a confiderable portion, which took eftcdV. His urclc Sir ThomiS Stewart dying, lefthim ■4 or i;ool. a year, upon which he removed to the ifle of Ely, wh; it- he fiift began to affcdt the notions of the !e^ then ftilej P.ititans. He procured a feat in the houfe of Coro;nons, in the third pailianner.t of Charles I. and was of ihe ccjmmiitte for religion, where he diftin guifhed himfelf by his zeal againft popery, and by complaining of the biihop of Winchefl«r, fori cenfir^ books of a dangerous tendency. After the difTuliition of the parliament, he Re- turned to the country, where, by his /hew for religion, znd fntrrtaining iiler.ced mimflers, he again greatly impaired his fortune, to re- pair which, he took a farm at St. Ives ; but this fcheme reduced him more. He, however, Hill continued to have prayers morning and evening, and gave fublic notice, that he was ready to make rcilitution of any money he had formerly won at p'ay, and afiually did return to Mr. Cahon 30 I. which he had won feve- lal years before. The duke of Bedford, and feveral others of dillir.ftion, who had eftates in Lincolnfhlre, propofrng to have the fe/.s drained, Cromwell warmly oppofed it ; which gave occafion to Mr. Hamden, to recomti>end him to has friends as a pcrfon capable of con- duct rg great things ; and he had the addrefs to get himfelf chofen for Cambridge, a place in which he was not known, ana zealoufly pro- moted the remonftrance that was carried on Nov. 14, 1641, which brought on the civil war. In 1642, Cromwell raifed a troop of horfe, by virtue of a commiffion from the earl of Efl'ex, and adled fo vigoroudy, that he was promoted to a colonel, and had loco horfe under him, and was fop-,e time after raifed to lieutenant- general of he rfe. On July 3, 1644, at the battle of Marftonmnor, the videry was chiefly owing to the condufl of his cavalry. When the parliament fjt, Croir.weli and his friends carried the felf-denyingotdinance that exclud- ed the members of either houfe Irom having any<:ommand in the arrny, but he found means to get bimieif fiift occ fionally, anH then abfo- Jutely, exempted. Upon the introiluflion of the new n^oti'l, as it was called, the chie' command of the army was given to Sir Tho- mas Fairfax, ami Cromwell, from being a lieute- nant- general of horfe, became licjlenant-ge neral of the army, of wJiich he fcems to have had ihr whole diretlipn, while another had «he title. The eail of Effex dying fuddenly, C R O in 1646, Cromwell meditated the overturning the cor.fli'.uiioji, by making the army the fa- preme power, which l>c effedled, by turning out thofe members of the houfe who would not aft by his direftion, ano, to complete his defign, brought his fovere-gn to the block, Jan. 30, 1649. Crcmwell commanded the forces in IrelanJ, with the title of lord-lieute- nant, and in the fozcc of a few months, viz, by the month of June 1650, had in a manner reduced all Ireland. He then returned to Eng- land, leaving Ireton his deputy, and on the 26ih of the fame month, was appointed com- mander in chief of all the forces of the com- monwealth. He immeaiately marched againft the Scots, v.ho had received Charles II. and on Sept. 3, 1651, totally defeated the king's forces at Wor^ef^er. April 19, 1653, he call- ed a council of officers to deliberate about the government j but while they were fitting, co- lonel Ingoldsby came and informed him, that the parliament had framed a bill to continue 1 themlclves till Nov. 5, next year, propofing to 1 fiil up the houfe by new ekftions ;whereupoa * Cromwell immediately marched to Weftmin- flcr, with auiout 300 nxn, placed them about >he houfe, and entered firft himfelf; but after conierring with them fome time, he ordered the foldiers to fee the houfe cleared of all the members, and having caufed the doors to be m locked, went to Whitehall. On the 16th of ^ December, Cron: well was inverted in the court of chancery in Weftminfter-hall, with great fnlemr.ity, with the title of Protcftor of the commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ire- laiidj in the 54th year of his age. He imme- diately applied himfelf to fettling public af- fairs, and concluded a peace with Holland, ira which Denmark was included ; he alio maie peace with Sweden, and both France and Spain were (o eager for his friendfhip, that they be- came ridiculcu;. As to domeftic afi'airs, he appointed judges for the courts at Wcftminfter, profefi'ed an unalterable refolution of allowing liberty of confcience, and difmifled from their commands fuch officers as he could not confide in ; the command of the forces in Scotland he beftowed cji general Rlonlc, and fent his own fon Henry to govern Ireland. By an ordinance April 12, 1654, he united England and Scot- land, fixing the number of repref^ntatives for she latter at thirty, and foon after did the f me by Ireland.; and in one inflance fhewed a grc.it reisard for juftice, by caufing the brother of the Portuguele ambalT dor to be executed tor murder. Cromwell called a parliament to meet on the 3d of Sep. which was accordingly opened on that day, and to which the prote£f or went in great flate. He received the houfe of commons in the Painted Chamber, and mads 1 very long fpeech. After returning to the houfe, and chonfing Mr. Lenthall fpeaker, . they began to debate whether the kgifla ivc fl power flioiili be in a fingJe perfon, or in the 1 parliiQKnt. This fg iildrmed the protc i^ i« til-C C R O that on the I2fh of th: fame month, he caiifcd J a guard ta be fet on the P<ii ite>i Chamber, af- j ter fuinmoning the members to attend him there, where he gave them a fharp reproof, and fuffered none to enter the hnufe afterwards before thc-y had taken an oath to be fauhfii! to him and his government; but finding, hou'- ever, that they were notreiriy in granting mo- ney, he difiolved them. The duke of Hollkin having prefented the proteftor with a let of Friefland hurfes, he attempted to drive his fe- cretary Thurloe, round Hyde-park in his coach, drawn bythefe hurfes; but they proving ungovernable, thrjw him from the coach-box, antl in the fall, one of his pocket pillols went off, but without i)is receiving any hurt. This year, 1655 fome confpiracies hiving been dif- coverei4, feveral perfons fuffcred death, and the protector tookoccjfion from thence, to fup- port bis authority by the moft arbitrary msa- fures. Hf had formed a defign of msk'.ng him- felf mafter of great pjrt ot' the Spaniih We.f Indies, and in the fpring of this year a powerful fleet was fent out for that purpofe, under the command of admiral Pf nn, and » great body of land forces under ^en. Venables; and tho' they failed in the main def;gn, th»y took Jamaica, which, joined witli admiral Blake's teats in the Mediterranean, raifed the protedor's reputation very high abroad. On Sept. 17, 1656, the parliament met, but none were fuffered to take their places till they had fwallow^d fiich oaths as were prepared for tjiem, by which about 200 were excluded. In this parliatBent, an acl for annulling the king's title, another for the fecuriiy of his highnefs, and feveral money bills, were pafTed. In the fpring 1657, a kind of legiflative government was brought u;)on the carpet, and the title of king was oftired to the proteflor; but he finding it was dilagreeable to many of his friends, refufed accepting it, Ly- ing, it was contrary to his confcience : how- ever, he refnived on a new inaugura'ion, which was performed with great folemnity and fplen- dor, in Weliminfter-hall, on the 26th of June, 1656. On January 20, 1658, the com- mons met, as di I the otiier lioufc; but the two houfes oifagreeing, lie difiolved them Feb. 4, with a moft uitter fpeech. This year Dun- kirk, which was taken by the valour of the Enghfli, was delivered into the hands of bis ambafTador Luckhatt. His favourite daughter Mrs. Cleypole being taken ill about this time, file fo exclaimed againfl his crueltits, that it wounded him mure than licr death, which happened Augufl the 8th ; and from this time, be grew daily more referved and fufpiclous, not indeed without reafon, for he found the na- tion in general greatly dilcontcnted. At Hamp- ton-court, he was taken ill of a flow fever, which degeneratin;; into an ague, deprived hini of life, on Sept. the 3d, 1658. CRONE, S. [kronie, Bclg. yeoya;, Gr.J p old ewe, Fisurativcly, an old woman. C Pv o CRO'NET, S. in Fariiery, the hair whick grow« over the tnp of a horfe's hoof, CRO'NY, S [trom ;;(fOK)?, GrJ ano'd and very intimate acquaintance or confident. CROOK. S. [croc, fr. cryce, Sux.] any thing btrit; a iheep-hook ; a tnnndct, or winding. To CROOK, V. A. [hoktn, Belg. crucLe-^ Fr.] to bend, or turn any thing fo as to re- femble a hook. Figuratively, to pervert, or wreft the words of another. CRG/OICED, Adj. [croclu, Fr. kroner, D^n.J bent, oppofed to ftraight j formeJ mt* an angle or hook; winding. Figuratively, perv. I le. or bad. CRO'OKEDLY, Adv. in an untoward, petverle, or uncoTiplying manner. CRO'OKEDNESS, S. the bending of a body. Figuratively, a deformity of the body, arifing from any 0: its limbs being diftorted or out of fllapc. .Applied to the minil or temper, perverfity, or a ciifpofuion which is not e.^hly pleafed. CROP, S. [crat>, Sax. croppa, Brit, krcp, Bclg.] the cjaw or firft ftomach ot -birds, wherein their food is prepared fordigeftion. CROP, S. [crojipas. Sax. krappcn, Belg.] the highefl part, end, or top of a tiling. Figu- ratively, corn coiledied in h^rveft ; the pio- duifl of a field ; any thing cut off. To CROP, V. A. to cut off 'he top or ends of any thing; to mow, reap, or lop. Figu- ratively, to fliorlcn or confume in eating. Neu- terly, to yield a harvcif. CRO'i'FUL.Adj. fille<^; fatiated with food. CRO'PPER, S. in natural Hifiory, a kind of pigeon 'eiviarkable (01 fwelling its crop. CROi''S]CK, Adj. fick, or uifordered by intemperafe eating or drinking. CRO'SIER, S. [crofier, F.] the paftoral ftjff of a pirtiop, fo called fiom its h.^.ving a crofs on the top. CRO'SLET, S. [cro:J[e!et,Yt.] a fmall crofs. CROSS, S. [j-roix. Fr. c'lccc, Itai.j an in- ftrument made of two pieces of wood, cutting or crofling each other it rightangle , on whicti malefartors were executed among the Romans. As this punilhment was inflidlcd cnly on flavea and the moft abjedt perlons, our Savioui's uy-' ing in this manner muft heighten his fuffer- ings, and when duly refleded on, throw light on the cxpreHions of its ignom.ny, often oc- curiiig in f>.riptuie. The cnlign of the chri- ftian religion ; the fign made by the prieft oa the forehe.id of a perfon when baptifed, by drawing two marks, wliich ciofs each other, with his fingers dipped in Water ; one line rrawn athwart another. Figuratively, the Chriftian religion; or the dofttinc of a cruci- fied Saviour ; the manner in which Chrid: died; anything which is contrary toapetfon's wirtics, ana is a ti ill of his patience. CROSS, Adj. that which falls athwart. Figuratively, oppofiic to a perfon's wiflict and c.\pec- C R O ieSpeSations ; perverfe ; not complying ; peev- • fh ; difpJeafed with tril^es ; not eafily perlu^d- e<l ; recprocal, on each fide, interchanging. CROSS, Prep, athwart, fo as to inteiTccl frcni one fide toanoilier. In riding, fo as to have one leg on each iide of a liorfe. " Ciojs his back." To CROSS, V, A. to lay one line fo as to form ang,ies with another; to fign with a croU; to go over a river. Figuratively, to oppofe the defign"! of another, and thereby render him peevifn ; to contradift. CRO'SSBAR-SHOT, S. a round fhot cr builet with a bar put through it. CRO'SS-BITE, S. a cheat which fruftrates a perfon's defigns. " Not dreaming of a ercjs- iite:' VEftr~ CRO'SS-BOW, S. an engine or inftrument xnade of a bow fixed atrofs a piece of wood, vfed in (hooting deer, pigeons, &c. it will cany a bullet a confiderable diftance, and do execu- tion. CROSSBO'WER, S. a perfon who fliootr, with a crcfi hiv. " The croji-boiuers ol Ge- Roa." Rak'tgh. CB-O'SS GRAINED, Adj. in joinery, ap plied to wood, from whence, a bough or branch has {hot cut, the grain of the branch /hooting forward, and crofling that of the trunk, fi- guratively, hard to pleafe j peevifh j pcrvcr.'c ; troublefome ; vexatious. CRO'SSLY, Adv. athwart, fo as to inter- {i.0:. or form angles. Figuratively, oppofite, contrary, untowardly. ** And cyjsiy to the reafon of things." 'J'diotf. CRO'.SS-ROW, S. the alphabet; fo nam- ed from a crofs being placed at the beginning of it. CRO'SS- STAFF, S. an inftrument ufed by feamen to take the meridian altitude of the fun or ftars, called likcwife a fore-fiaf. CRO'SS-WIND, S. a wind blowing either from the ri^'ht or left, a-crofs a ihip's wny. CRO'SS- WAY, S. a fmall path, intcrfed- ing a main rond. CRO'TCHET, S. [crcchet, Fr.] in Mufir, one of the notes and m^rks of time, fo called from its refembling a hook, thu;^ ; it is equal to half a minim or double quaver. In Printing, two oppofite linet ferving to include any itn- tence or word which may be left out, wiihout fpcilingthe fenfe of h period, marked [thus]. In Building, a fupport, or piece of wood fitted into another to f illain it. Fijjuritivtiy, a fincv, o.Hd conceit, orde'. ice. CROTOPHI'IFS, S. in Anatomy, a mufile of the lower jaw, ferving to draw it downv.'iids. To CROUCH, V. N. \crcclu, Fr.] to ftoop low, applied to the pofiure of heafts, when they bend their legs, and approach wilh their bellies towards liie ground, in teilimooy ol obedience and fubmilTion. Figuratively, to benii or fionc to a pcrion in a fawning and feivile manner. CEO CROUP, S. \acuppe, Fr.J the rump of a fowl; the buttocks of a horfe. CROW, S. [i/jTUf, Sax. krt^'e, Belg, krae^ Teut.j a blackbird, of the carniverous kind, feeding on carrion. To pluck a c civ, is to contend with a perfon. " If you difpute, we muft even pluck a crow about it." Sbahf. Sometimes it is ufed for a contention abouC fome worthlefs thine, or trifling fubjeft. In Mechanics, a frrong iron bar, ufed as a lever to lift up the ends of great heavy timber, force open doors, ft. The noife made by a cock. To CROW, V. N. [preter, I crew, crctvect, or la-ve croivtd-, from craivar., Sax. krakcn, Teut.] to make a loud (hrill noife, applied to that made by a cock. Figuratively, to boaft, bully, or aflume a fuperioriiy over another. CRO'W-FOOT, S. in Botany, the ranun- culus. In War, a coltr^p, or piece of iron v/iih four points, two, three, or four inches long, ufed for incommoding the cavalry. CROWD, S. [cruth, Sax.] a great number of people fcueezed or ciofe together; a great number of any thing of the faine fort adjacent to each other. Figuratively, the vulgar or lower fort of people. Alfo a fiddle. To CROWD, V. A. to fill a place with a great and confufed multitude of people; to force a great many things in a confufed man- ner into the fame place ; to prefs clofe toge- the ; to incumber, or cpprefs by multitudes. In the Marine, to cioivd Ja:l, is to fpread all the fails wiae upon the yard for the fake of expe- dition, or quickening the motion of a (lup^ Neuterly, to go in great multitudes ; to thruft among a multitude of others. CRO'WDER, S, a fidler. " Sung by a blind crc'zv-hr.'" Slakejp, A lew word. CROWN, S. \_coui cnre, Fr. corona, Lat.J an orna'^ient worn on the head by monarchs . Figuratively, a garland of flowers, tft-. worn on the head as a mark of mirth, or merit ; a reward for fome meritorious deed j royalty ; a monarchy; the top of any thing, but of the head particularly. " Fiom toe to cic-wn.''* Sbdk, *' The fteepy croivns of the bare moun- tains." Dryd. Th.it part of a hat or cap which covers the head ; a piece of money va- lued at five fhillings in England ; honour, Or- nament, completion, or accomplifiiment. To CROWN, V. A. [from the nounj to place a crown on a perfon's head ; to furround the head ai with a crown. Figuratively, to dignify or adorn; to reward; to pevfedlj to complete; to finifh. CRO'WN-GLASS, S- the fineft fort of window-glafs. CRO'WN- OFFICE, S. a court or office under the King's bench, fo called becaufe the crown is immediately concerned in what is trarfjfted tisercin. CRO'WN POST, S. in Building, a poft, which in fome buildings ftands upright in the miduie between two laUers, In Arthitc£fure, the c R n t'rtt uppermoft member of the corniee, called alfo corona and larmier. CRO'WN-WHEEL, S. the upper-wheel of a watch next to, and driven by the balance. CROV/N-WORKS, S. in Fortification, an out-work running into the field, in order to gain fome hill, and cover the other works of a place, £?<:• CROYL-STONE, S. in Naturnl Hiftory, cryftalized caulk, in which the cryftals arefmall CRU'CIAL, Adj. in form of a crofs. Cru c'ul SKcifiort, in Anatomy, an JBcifion or cut in any flefliy part, in form of a crofs. CRU'CIBLE, S. [cnu'ihulun:, low Lat.] a CRU cept furh of the enemy's vefTels as are near if. To CRUISE, V. N. to rove about at fei in fearch of an enemy's vefTels ; to fail to and" fro, without any certain courfo or deflinuion, CRU'ISER, S. a veflel that fails to and fro, in cjueft of an enemy's fliips. CRUM, or CRUMB, S. \cruvia, Sax. kruyme, Belg.] the foft part of bread. Figura- tively, a fmall particle, orbit. To CRU'MBLE, V. N. \acruman, Sax- kruymmelen, Btlg. krumme'm, Teut,] to break into fmall puticles or pieces. Neuterly to fall into ffpail pieces. To CRU'MBLE, V, A. [from crump, h-lmpen, Belg.] to cor.traft j to draw into little vefTel made either ot c^rth, or iron, with- A/i,/<^cr<, ij^i^. j m v-viinov-i. , lu ui^w imo our a handle, ufed by refiners, chemifts, and o- j wrinkles ; to fqueeze together in order to dif- thers to melt metals &c. in. It derives its name from its being formerly marked with a crofs. CRU'CIFiX, S. \cruc\jixui, Lat.] a crofs whereon the crucifixion of Chrift is reprefented. CRUCIFFXION, S. the ail of nailing to a crofs. GRU'CIFORM.Adj. in the {hapeof a crofs. ToCRU'CIFY, V. A. {crucifigo, Lat.J to faften a perfon, by nailing his hands and feet on a crofs. CRUDE, Adj. \crudui, Lat.] raw, applied to flefli not drefled j unchanged or l;nalt^.red by any procefs or prepiration. Figuratively, iinfini.'hed ; immature j not brought to per feftion ; not reduced to order, or properly ex-. amined or modified by the mind j imperfeft, unpoliihed, inadequate, and unrefined, applied to ideas. CRU'DELY, Adv. without any prepara- tion ; without eximination or confideration \ grofs, applied to ideas. CRU'DENESS, S. unripenefs ; imperfec- tion ; indigeftion. CRU'DITY, S. rawnefs ; indigedion ; or a thing in its indigefted ftate ; the ilate of a difeafe, wherein the morbific matter is not yet come to a head, but increafes the diforder. CRU'DY, Adj. curdled 5 coagulated ; con- creted ;. or in lumps ; raw; chill. CRUEL, Adj. [Fr. from crudtlh, Lat.] void pf compafTion, mercy, or pity, and de- lighted in the fuflerings, and incrcafing the furterings of other;. Figuratively, implacable, inveterate, and caufing the greateft degree of torture. CRU'ELLY, Adv. in an inhuman, barba- rous, and lavage manner,wherein the fufferings and tortures of others are beheld with delight, and increafed w'thjoy.. CRU'ELTY, S. a favage difpofition, de- ligiiting in the misfortunes and fufterings of another, and in increafing them. CRU'ET, S. \}ri<kki:, Belg.j a phial for ■ vinegar or oil. CRUIZE, S. \h-ukke, Belg.] a fmall cup. CRUISE, .S, li-ro\jc, Fr. Kj„7"j, Eele- a crofs, the original criufers bearing the cro'sj a voyage made by a Piip up and down a ccafr, in ci'der to guard it from iiny au-ck, or to insr- crutsus.^ cover the wrinkles, CRUM^MY, Adj. refembling the crum of bread 5 fott. Figuratively, plump, or flefhy. CRCJMP, Adj. [cnmp, Sax. crivmm, Brit. krom-, Belg. krunim, Teuc] crooked, or de- formed. CRU'MPLING, S. a fmall degenerate apple. CRU'PPER, S. {croupe, Fr.] that part of horfe furniture, which reaches from the faddle to the tail. CR.U'RAL, Adj. ["from cruris, gen. of crus, hit. a leg] belonging to, or fitujted in the leg. CRUSA'DE,' or CRUSA'DO, S. See CROISADE. To CRUSFI, V. A. [ecrafer, Fr.] to break to pieces, or to make the two oppofue fides of a velTel meet by external violence 5 to prefs with force ; to overwhelm ; to beat down j to deprefs ; 'ubdue ; or deftroy by force. CRUSK, S. the deftrudion of a thing by means of a force which ruins its form, dif- folvis the union of its parts, and forces them' .^gainft each other ; coUifion ; deftruilion. CRUST, S. [crujij. Lit.] the bard exter- nal furface or coat of a thing ; a colleiftion of matter grown hard; the cafe which contains the fruic or mciat of a pye, or pudding ; the outer hard p.irt of bread. To CRUST, V, A. to cover with a hard cafe ; to foul with foil, or dirt. Neuteily, to have its external furface hardened. CRUSTA'CEOUS, Adj. covered with a (hell, applied to fifli. CRU'STILY, Adv. in a morofe, furly, or peevifh manner. CRU'STINESS, S. the hardnefs of the nutfide of bread. Figuratively, pecvifhnefs, morofenefs. CRU'STY, Adj. covered with a hard fur- face or coat. Figuratively, not eafily prevailed on; moroft;; pcevifii. CRUTCH, S. [cn'cci; Sax. crorcia, Ital. croce, Fr.] a fupport, compofed of a round piece of v/ood, in which a long flafl' is fixid, placed under the arm pit.?, and ufed by cripple* or lame perfoiis to wjik with. To CRUICH, V, A. to fupport, a; with To CRY To CRY, V. N. [aler, Ft.] to fpeak with ♦ehcmcnce and loii'nefs ; to fjjeak to with greJt importunity and forrow ; to proclaim or publifli i to exclaim ; to fpealc wiih a mourn ful tone of voice, atteniied with teais J to make a noife or iVjnaliing like an infant j to weep, «)r flied tears. In Hunting, to yelp, ap,ilicd to the noife nnarie by a hound in full fcent. To try out ; to fcream, or make a fhriek when in dang, r ; to compliin loudly ; to be in hbcur. *' Is fhe crying out?'" Sbai. Aftively, to proclaim any thing that is loO, or to be folJ. To cry do'zvn, to depreciate, undervahie ; to Mame, or detra£l from ; to forbid ; to over- bear. " ril to the king — and quite cry lioivn — this Ipfwich fellow's impudence." ShakJ. "To cry up, to praife, or increafe the value of a thing bv appl. ufe. CHY, S. [cr], Fr.] lamentation, a mourn- ful fhriek or fcream ; clamour or outcry j an exclamation of triumph and woncerj a pro- chmation ; the me. hod of utrerance made ufc of by different animals to exprefs their wants, (?f. In Hunting, the yelping of dogs. Figu- ratively, a pack of hounds j a coiifufed inar- ticul-'te noife. CRY'AL, S. theherrp. CRY'ER, S. f>-c ClUER] a kind of hawk, calk-d the Jalcon gentle, an enemy to pigeons. CRY'PTIC, or CRY'PTICAL, Adj. [yrLml^, Gr. j dark ; abftrufe ; fecret j occult ; ridden ; no' made pubhc. " In a crypticalor hidden -relhod. Watts. ■ CRY'inOCR.^.FHY, S. from [;'.ji;7:7a. and yc^a^tij, Gr J t'.ie art of writing in lecrct charocfers. Figuiatively, charafters ufed in writing to hide the fenfc from al! but the per- fons who have the key. CRY'STAL, S. [xfyra-X'^®^, Gr.] in Na- tural Hi^ory, a hard, tranfparent, colourlefs flciie, compof'd ot fimple plater, giving fire with ftee!, not fermenting with acid menfiruj, calcining in a fttong fire of a regular angul.ir figure, fuppofed by fome to He formed of dew, coagulated by nitre. Cryfial gfafs, is that which is carried to a degree of peifeflion be- yond the common glaff, wrs originjlly manu- faftured at Venice only, but ipin.duced into this kingdom by Mr. Bowie-, who Lis brought it to fo much periection, that it not only rivals, but even furpafTes that of Venice. In Chemiftry, applied to exprefs falts, or other matters, fhot or congealed in the manner of a cryftal. CRY'STAL, Aaj. confifiirs or made of cryftal. Figuratively, bright, clear, tranfpa- rcnt. CRY'STALLINE, Adj. [cryftaHlnus, Lat.] confining of cryftal. Figuratively, bright, clear, tranfpateiif. CryJiaUire tumour, in Ana- tomy, the iccond hu'j:our of the eye, lying immediately next the aqueous, behind the Mvea. CRYSTALLiZATiCN, S. in Chcmlflry, cue a comr>in.5tion of fallne particles In the form of a crvftai. To CRYSTALLIZE, V. A. to form into a mafs refetnblir.g that of cryllals, Neuterly, to coagulate, or fhoot into angular fliapes, re- fembling a crvllal. CU3, S. [from cu6o, or cuius, Lat.] the youftg ot a bear or fox j fometimes applied to that of a whale. Figuratively, the oft"- ipring of a human creature, by way of re- proach. To CUB, V. A. to bring forth, applied to a fox or bear. CL-BATU-RE, S. [from cul'e,] the finding the folid contents of a body. CUBE, S. [y.v1<^, Gr.] in Geometry, a folid body, coniilting of fix equal fquare fides. In Arithmetic, a number arifing from the multiplication of a fquare number by its root. CUBIC, or CU'BICAL, Adj. belonging to, or liaving the properties of a cube. CUBICA'LNESS, S. the ftate or quality of being cubical. CUT-IFORM, Adj. in the fhape or form cf a cube. CU'BIT, S. [cubitus, Lat, an elbow] a mcafiire in u'e a.mong the ancients, which was tlie diftance from the elbow bending in- wards to the extremity of the middle finger, fixed bv fome to i foot q inches, and _*f A " ' I (J o o of an inch, Englifii meafure ; by others, to I "ratio ^°°^ > *^^ real'on of this variety is, that in Scrip;ure there were two kinds of cu- bits, one mi-afuring according to the firfi: com- putation, and the other according to the Ltter. CU'BJTAL, Aoj. containing the length or mcAlure <>i a cubit. CU'CKING STOOL, S. [from cocu or cejuin, Fr. indjioolj a chair in which women are plunged into the water, as a punirtjment or fcoldine ; formerly named a tu.-nbrel. CU'CKOLD, S. [cocu, Fr.J one married to a woman th't violates the m.irrijge bed. To CU'CKOLD, V, A. to lay with ano- er man'.' wife; to lay with another man, thouph mariied. CU'CKOLDLY, Adv. after the manner of a cuckold. Figuratively, mean, bale, ot fneakine. CU'CKOLDOiVf, S. [from cucioU and dcm, S:x. Itate or quality] the att of laying with another man's wife ; the Hate or condi- tion of a CKckoId. CUTKOO, or CUCKOVV, S. [cwcw, Brit, cccti, Fr.J in Natural Hiftory, a bird, which appear-- w the fpring, faid to feek the eggs of other birds, and \ y her own to be hr'tched ill their ilead : hence it was ufual to give the hufband a fign of the approacli of an adulteier by crying cuckoo, and, in procefs of time, it was ulual to call the pctfon whofc bed was oefiled, a cuckold. This oird is re- markable for the uniformity ot its note, and ts name feems, in mod: languages, to be de- rived frcai it. Figuratively, uled as a word C U I ©f reproach or contempt. " A hcrfeback,| you cuckoo.'^ Sha!;. CU'CKOO-SPiTTLE, S. the frothy fub- ftance or dew found about the joints of laven- der and rofemary. CU'CULLATE, or CU'CULLATED, Adj. [cucuilatus, Lat.] hooded ; covered wiih a hood or cowl ; refeinbling a hood, CU'CUMBER, S. [pronounced cotocumher, from cucumh, Lit. concombre, Fr.J in Botany. The germcn is f)tuated oiider the flower, fup- ports a fiiort cylindrical ftyle, and becomes an oblong flefliy fruit, with three cells, including many oval feeds. It is ranged by Linnaeus in the loth feiltion of his sift ciafs. CU'CUP>.BITA'CEOUS, Adj. [from cu curbua, Lat. a gourdj in Botany, applied to thofe plants which refembls a gourd ; fuch as the pumuion and melon. CU'CURBITE, S. a chemical veffcl glafs made in the fhape of a gourd, and com- monly called a body. CUD, S. \ctid, Sax.] the Infide of the throat ; the food kept by a cow in the firft flomacn, which it chews a fecond time. CU'DDEN, or CUDDY, S. a clown 5 a ftupid, riiftic fellow. To CU'DDLE, V. A. [a low word] to lie clofe ; to fquat. CU'DGEL, S. {hudie, Belg.] a ftick, made ufe of 10 ftrike wi'h, lighter than a club, and Shorter than a pole. To crojs the cudgels, is to yield, alluding to the pradlice 01 cudgellers, who lay the cudgels acrols when they havefi- ni/hed their encoiinter. To CU'DGEL, V. A. to beat with a ftick. Figuratively, to think deeply on a thing. " Cude;el ihy brains no more about it." Shak. CU-'DG EL- PROOF, Adj. able to refift a blow given by a flick or cudgel. CUE, S. [queue, Fr.J the tail or end of any thing ; t.^.c laft words of a fpcech, which a player looks on as a fign for him to begin to fpeak. " Every one according to his cue." Shak. A hint, " Give them their cut: to attend." Sivift, The part which a perfon is to play in his turn. " Weie it my cue to f.ght." Shak. CUE'RPO, S. without the upper coat, or cloke. CUFF, S. [x'jffa, Ital.] a box given on the ear, or the head, with the fid. To ftrike with the talons, or with the wings, applied to birds. CUFF, S. [ccffc, Fr.] that part of the fleeve which is turned back again from the wiifl towards the fhouloer. CUI'NAGE, S. the making up twine in peculiar forms for carriage. CUi'RAbS, S. [cuiraffe, Fr.] a part of defenlive armour made of iron well haiTinicr^.d, covering the body, fiom the neck to the girdle. CUIR ASSl'ER, S. a folJitr drclTed in his armour, or cuiral'i. C U L CUISH, S. [cuijfe, Fr.] the armout whi«li covers the thighs. CU'LINARY, S. [cuHna, Lat.] belo.^jging to the kitchen j or uled in cookery. To CULL, V. A. [cueiller, Fr.] to pick or choofe from a great number. CU'LLEK, S. one who choofes a thing fiom a great many others. CU'LLION, S. [cogiiomy. ltd.] a low, mean, or dirty fcoundrel ; a word of grcaC contemp:. " Avaunt ye cuUions." Sbakf, CU'LLY, S. [coglion'i, Ital.] a man de- ceived or feduced by fharpers or proflitutes. To CU'LLY, V. A. [Momthe nounj to maJie a fool of a perfon ; to deceive or impofe upon. CULMl'FEROUS, Adj. [culmus. La*. draw or haiiim, and fe'O, La', to bear} ir» Botany, applied to fuch p'.-iats as have a fraflOih, jointed ftjik, ufualiy hollow ; are wrapped about at each joint with fngle, nar- row, fharp-pointed leavfS, and have their feeds contained in chaffy huflcs ; fuch as wheat barley, &c. To CU'LMINATE, V. N. [«,W/r, Lat.J in Aftronomy, to be at its greatcll altitude j to be vertical, or in its meridian. CULMINA'TION, S. in Aftronomy, the tranfit or pafiage of a ftir over the meridian, or that point of its orbit, wherein it is at Iti greatefl altitude. CULPABI'LITY, S. [f.om cu![>ahli\ the quality which fiibjrds a thing to blame;^ or renders it an o^jsft of bi^m:. CU'LPaBLE, Adj. [culpahilh, Lat.] wor- thy or deferving bUme, including the idea of feme voluntary fault of a fligUter kind. CU'LPABLENESS, S. the quality whL..h renders a perfon an objeft o; blame. CU'PABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner asto deferve blame. CU'LPRIT, S. [a word ufcd by a judge at the trial of a perfon, who, when the perfon arraigned pleads Nut guilty, anfwers, '• Cul- prit, God fend thee a good deliverance." Hence fome imagine it to be a corruption of quil parol t, Fr. 1 wifh it msy appear f j others, who retain the fame derivation, ima- gine It a calling upon the evidence^ who is t(» prove tiie euilt of the perfon, fijjnifjing rhen let birr, ajipcar, who is to prove to the contra- ry ; others again, hold it to be derived from culpa, a fault or crime, and prit, Fr. from prendre, to take, or detei) ; implying that the perfon is guilty, or at leaft a malefjiftor j but as this is inconfiftent with the I'pirit of our laws, which fuppofe every malefjtlor to be innocent of the crime laid to his ch.iriie, till it be proved againfl him, the two firft derivations teem the mofl pUufiblaJ in Law, a malefactor or criminal. CU'LTER, or COULTER. S. [Lat.] the iron of a plough which cuts the ground per- .'cn.licular before the pliugh-niarc. To CU'LTIVATE, V . A.[(u'ii-jer, Fr.J Co heighten the friiitJuliiefs of the earth by mar.ur- C U N tnanoting it, or by other methoijs of hulban- dry. Figuratively, to impiove the under- itanding by education and ftuiiy; to ftudy any particular branch of fcisnce. CULTIVATION, S. the aft of improve- ing foils by hufbandry. Figuratively, the im- provement of the underftanding by education and Itudy ; improvement in any fcience. CUL'TURE, S. Icultura, Lat.] the aft of cultivating, or tilling the ground. Figu- ratively, the improvement of the mind by education and ftudy ; improvement in any branch of learning ; the eradicating any vice from the mind by inftni£lion. To CU'LTURE, V. A. [from the noun] to cultivate j to manure, till, or improve loil by labour, and other methods of hufoandry. CUL'VER, S. [culfre, Sax. J a pigeon CUR CU'NNER, S. a kind of fifli, lefs thaii an oyfter, which flicks clofe to the rocks. CU'NNING, Adj. [from cor.tian, Sax. konren, Belg. to know] learned, knowing, or of extenfive knowledge. " To cur.r.'wg mea I wil! be very kind." Shak, Perforrjed with art or (kill ; curious. " Thou cunningjl pat- tern of excellent nature." Sbak. Figuratively, fly ; defigning ; cratty ; over-reaching ano- ther !'y fuperior vvi: and underftanding. CUN'NNING, S. [connir.ge, Sajc.] artiiice; deceit ; fuperior talents employed in deceiving others ; art ; /kill j knowledge. CU'NNINGLY, Adv. in a fly, crafty man- ncr. CU'NNINGNESS, S. a craftinefs ; flynefs. CUP, S. \cupfc, Sax. cwppaji, Brit, kop, Belg. coul>e, Fr. oppa, Ital.J a fmall veffel, *' Borne on liquid wings the cutt-er (hoots." i with a fcot, to dnnk in. Figuratively, the Tbomf, I liquor contained in a cup. In the plural, a CU'LVERIN, S. [colouinitie, Fr.] a flen- merry bout, or entertainment of drinking. der piece of oronance, or artillety, from 5 I Any thing hollow like a cup, as the hulk of one half to 5 inches bore, from 13 to 12 feec I an acorn, the bell of a flower. Cup and can, long, and cariying a (hot from 5 one-fourth, I familiar companions, the caw being the larger to "5 three-fourih inches diameter. CU'LVERKEY, S. in Potaiiy, a flower which grows wild in the fields. ToCU'MBER, V. A. [kemmiren, kcmbe- rer, Bel^. to difturb] to hinder a perfon from afting by its weight j to put a perfon to diffi- culty in managing a thing, by its weight or length. Figuratively, to load with fome- thing ufeUfs ; to difturb, diltrefs, or involve in difficulties ; to diftract or perplex with va- riety of employments; ufed with about. " Martha was aimtercd about much ferving." Luke X. 40. CU'AIBER, S. \kcmber, Belg.] hindrance; unmanageablenefs caufed by balk. " Of mar- vellous charge and fearlul cumber.'" Raleigb. CU'MBHRSOME, Adj. [from cumber and fomc, of f urn, Six. implying ■very'] occafioning great trouble ar.d vexation. Figuratively, bur- thenfome ; occafioning perplexity; unweildy, or not eifily miinaged, on account of its length •r weight. CU'MBROUS, Adj. troublefome, vexati- ous ; cauling uneafMiefs. To CU'MULATE, V. A. [cun-.ulatum, fupioe of cumulo, Lit. J to lay oos thing upon another; to heap together, CUNCTATJON, S. [cunarAo, Lat,] the aft of deferring the doing of a thing to an- other time, whicn ought to be done immedi- ately. To CUND, V. N, [from hmen, Belg.] to know, to give notice. " Who rtifcerning the courfe of the pilchard, cunJiiby as they call it, (he niafter of each boat." Carsw, See CONDER, or BALKER. CU'NE.AL, Adj. [from c::r.-.it, Lat. a wedge] relating to, or haying ihsfhape of, a Wedge. CU'NEATED, Part, {cp'"^, Tst.J msd£ i.\;r.e lomi of a wedge. veiTel, from whence the cup is filled, " Y"ou and he are cup and can.'" i>iv'ift. To CUP, V. A. to fuppiy \»ith liquor, " Cup us till the world grow round." Sbak, A fenfe now obl'olete. To bleed a perfon af- ter havi.ng fixed a cupping glafs to the part. CU'PBOARU, S. [from cup and board. Sax.] a cafe or receptacle ; a place fitted with (helves and a door, in which victuals or earth- en ware are placed, diftinguifhej from a dofet, which is confiderably longer. To CU'PBOARD, V. A. to put in a cup- board. Figuratively, to hoard. CU'POLA, S. [Ital.] in Architefture, a fpherical vault, or the round of the top of the dome of a church, which refembles a cup inverted ; called by fome a lanthorn. CU/PPER, S, one who applies a cuppjng- glafs, and fcarii^es a perfon. CU'PPIN'G, S. in Siirgery, the applying a cupping- glaf.s for the difcharge of blOod, and other humours, bv the (kin. CU-'PPiNG-GLAS'S, S. a glafs ye(^el w hich having its air ratified, gives room ior that contained in the part to which it is ap- plied, to expand itfelf, and bring with it fuch humours as it is involved in, v.hich are after- wards dilcharged by a icarifier, or infirument fitted with tne points of feveral lancets, which, by means of a fpring, enter the (kin ac the fame tinif. CU'PREOUS, Adj. [cupr:u:, Lat.] cop- [lery, or conliftiilg of copper. CUR, S. {hrrf, Belg. See CURTAIL,] a degenerate, worthleis dog. Figuratively, ufed as a term of reproach for a man, Cl''R ABLE, Adj. [from c-^re\ rhat which may be healed. CU'RABLENESS; S, the poifibility of being he^kdi ^ CU'RACV, C U R . CU'RACy, S. the employment of a cler- gyman who does the duty of" the perf'on who has the benefice, for a cenaip falary. CU'RATE, S. a clergyman who performs thre duties of another for a falary ; a pariflj prieft. CU-'RATIVE, Adj. relating to the cure of a difeafe ; recovering, or able to recover from a diforder. CU'RATOR, S. [Lat.] one who has t}ie cure and fu|erintendarjce of a ihing, place, or perfon. CURB, S. [courber, Fr, to bend] !n Far- riery, an iron chain fadewd to the upper past of the branches of a bridle, in a hole called the eye, and running over the beard of a horfe, ufed to manage a haid-mouthed horfe. Figuratively, a reflraint put on the inclina;i- ORS of a perCon, To CURB, V. A. [from the noun] to manage, or guide a horfe Lv o'^eans of a curb. Figuratively, to check, or reftr^in the paflions or inclinations. CURD, S. [kruy;!cn, Belg,] the thickening or clotting of any liquor, generally applied to that of «nilk, which is occafioned by mixing xunnet with it. To CUR'DLE, V, N. to grow into clots 3 to grow thick, like milk, mixed with runnet. Aftively, to make a thing grow thick, clot, ©r coaguljfe, by mixing fome acid v/ith it. CU'RDY, Adj. coagulated; clotted. CURE, S. [cura, I^ar.j a remedy; the healing a wound, cr recovering from a dif- eafe; the benefice or employm::nt of a clergy- man or curate. To CURE, V. A. [curd, Lat.] lo heal a V'ounci ; to reftore to health ; to recover from I a difeafe. In Ceokery, to preferve tjom ftink- ing, or corrupting ; to fait. CU'RELESS, Adj. without cure or reme- dy ; not to be cured. CU'RER, S. a hdler or phyfician, CU'RFEW, S. [cowteftu, Fr,] an even- ing bell, on the found of which, every man was obliged to put out iiis fire, and extinguifli )iis candle, in the time of the Conqueror. Figuratively, any bell which tolls conltantly in the night time; a cover for a fire, or a fire-place. CURIO'SITY, S. [from curhus] a prop&n- fuy or dilpofition of the foul, which inclines it to enifjire after new objects, and to delight in viewing them ; a nice experiment ; an ob- jeft of curiofity, cr a rarity. CU'RIOUS, Aiij. [curiofin, Lat."] inquifi- live, or dlfpofed to enquire into novelties, whe- ther they refp;:ft truths or ob)c(fls iii fi^iht ; attentlvf to, or diligent. " Very curioui nfur thjngd." lyoodnu, *' Curlcus of antiquities." Diyd. Accurate, or careful to avoid any im- prupriety or miftake. "Men were no: cwi- cus what fyllablcs or pa'rrirles of fp-rech ihey iiled." ^hak, Exatl; nice; artful j e'.egaiU ; peat,. CUR CU^RIOUSLY, Adv. in an inquifitrve^ exart, accurate, elegant, laboured, or high- finifiied manner; captioufly. CURL, S, [from the verb] a ringfgt of hair formed into a ring, or making many concen- tric circles. Figuratively, a wave; undula^ lion; or waving line. To CURL, V. A. \cyrlan. Sax. krolcn. Be!?, cuirlan, Itjl.J to makethehairh<.ng in circles or ringlets; to writhe, or twia round; to drefs with curls; to raife in waves, or in a fpiral form. Neuteily, to form itfelf into ringlets; to form circular lines; to twift it- felf. CUR'LEW, S. [curlUu, Fr.] a water-fowl, with a lone beak, of a grey colour, wiih re^ and black fpots. CURMU'DGEON, S. [a corrupt pro- nunciation and fpelling of cxurtmcb'ant, Fr, a bad heart] one who is void of generofity ; a niggardly or avariciou<. perfon ; a mifer, CURMU'DGEONLY, Adv. in an avari- cious, niggardly, covetous manner. CU/RRANT, S. in Botany; the tree hatl^ prickles, the leaves aie long, the flower hati; five petals expanded in the form of a rofe, the germen arifes from the center of the flower, and becomes a globular fruir, produced irj bunches; likewife a fmall dried grape, pio^ perly written cor'mtb. _ CU-'RRENCY, S. [from current] circula- tion; palTuig from hjnd to hand, and acknow- ledged as legal, applied to coin or money, whether in metal or paper. General recep- tion; conflant flew; uninterrupted cpurfe ; general eftecm and repufe, CURR'ENT, Adj. \c-jrrens, Lat. Aotn curro, Lat. to run] pafling from hand tq hand; cftabLfiied, or legal, applied to money. Generally received, not contiadi£led, applied to opinion?. Popular or eftjblifned by a ma- jority ; faiTiionjble ; palfable, or to be ad- miited ; what is nov/ pafiing. " The currtni year." \nQQn\vn^s<:t, account current, is that which is opened by two pcrfcns that havt; dealings with each other, wherein the dif- ferent debs and credits of e..ch are regiflGreJ on oppofite fides, in order to form a balance between them, CUR'RLNT, S. [fiom the adjeflivej In Hydrography, a rnnning ilicim. in Naviga- tion, a progriHive motion oi.the water of ih? fea, by which a /l)ip msy be retarded in her courfe, or carried more fwiiiiy, when ipoying in the fame direction as the current. CUR/REN'1'LY, Adv. inaconftint mor, tion ; withouc oppofuion ; without ceafinj;. CUR'RENTNESS, S. cirtulaiion ; gen?-- ral rcrcpiion ; cafitiefs of pronunciation. CU'RRIER, S. [fcrr.-r--, Ita!. ctr'nriuj,, Lat.] one who lircUVs leather. CUR'R'ISH, Adj. (trom cur and J^j lijcj a cur ; fjnppitli; quirttliome. ToCU'KRV, V. A. {ccurcyer, Fr. fro .1 cf'iam, LaI.J to dreii l^jih civi y , ■ CUR feff. To rub a liorfe with a (harp-pointed in- ' firument or comb, in order to fmooth his hide, pTomote circulation, and increafe his flefti. Figuratively, to tickle, or flatter. " I would c-.irry with mafter Shallow." Shak, To curry fa-.x'ur nvith, is to endeavour to gain the efteem or friendfliip of another by trivial offices, and fmall compliances. CU'RRYCOMB, S. an iron inftrument fet v;ith iron teeth, or wires, ufed to drefs a horfe To CURSE, V. A. [curfian, Sax.] to wifh a perfon ill ; to devote to deftru£lion. Figu- ratively, to afflift or torment. CURSEj S. [from the verb] the aftion of wifliing any tremendous evil to another. The aft of devoting to temporal or eternal tormentj ' affliftion ; torment, or rnifery. CU'RSED, Part. [oUurje] under a curfe. Figuratively, hated; unholy; impious. CU'RSEDNESS, the ftate of being under a curfe. CU'RSITOR, S. [Lat.] an officer or clerk belonging to Chancery, whe m3kes out origi- nal writs. There are 24, having each parti- cular /hires allotted them, for which they Hiake fuch original writs as are required, and are called clerks of courfe in the oath of the clerks (f Chancery. CU'RSORARY, Adj. [fro.Ti curjui, Lat.] curfory ; hafty ; carelefs ; without long atten- tion. CU'RSORILY, Adv. in a hafty manner ; without care or attention. CURSO'RINESS, S. haftej flightnefs of attention. CU'RSORY, Adj. [curjorhn, Lat.] hafty; quick; carelefs ; tranfient. CURST, Adj. [korfd, Belg.] froward ; fnsrling ; peevifli; delighting in mifchief. CURT, Adj [curtus. Lit.] fliort. ToCU'RTAlL, V. A. [kertekn, Belg. to cut] to cut off; to fhorten by cutting. Figu- ratively, to retrench, apjlied to exoences. CU'RTAIL DOG, S. a dog whofe tail is cut off; and is thence rendered unfit for courf- ing '. perhaps the original, from whence Cur 18 formed by contri^tion. CU'RTAIN, S. [ccurtlne, Fr. cortina, Ital. Span, and Lar.] a cloth hung before a win- dow, and running on a firing or iron rod, by c u s CUR'VATION, S. the aft of bending or crooking. CURVE, Adj. [cur-vus, Lat. J crooked, bent, formed, or forced from a perpendicular or ftraight furface, to an angular one. CURVE, S. any thing bent, a bending. In Geometry, a line whofe points are placed, and extend different ways, running on con- tinually in all d'reftions, and may be cut by a right line in more points than one. To CURVE, S. to bend ; to crook ; t» bend back or fold. To CUR' VET, V. N. [cor^'ttare, Ital.] to bound, or leap ; to frifk ; to grow v/anton, or licentious. CUR'VET, S. in the Manege, a leap 01 bound. Figuratively, a frolic or prank. CURVILI'NEAR, Adj. {from curvtis, Lat. and linea, Lat.] confifting of, er com- pofed of one or more crooked lines. CU'RVITY, S. crookednefs. CU'SHION, S. [kujjjn, Belg. coi/JJ!ri, Fr. fojcino, l(a!.] a cafe of filk, velvet, or vvorf- tjd, fluffed with wool, feathers, or horfe- hair, placed on the feat of a chair to render the f.tting eafy. CU'SHIONED, Adj. fupported by cufhi- ons ; fea'ed on a cufliion. CUSP, S. [cufpis, Lat. a point] in Aftro- nomy, the horns of the moon, or any other planet. CU'SPATED, or CUSPIDATED, Adj. [from cujpis, Lat. J in Botany, applied to the leaves or petals of a flower, which end in a point, called fpear-fliaped by Miller. CU'STARD, S. \_anijiard, Brit.] a kind ofpaftry made with milk, eggs, and fugar, which are thickened into a maf?, either by baking in an oven, or boiling over a fire. CU'STODY, S. [cupdia, Lat.] confine- ment in prifon ; reftraint of liberty. Figura- tively, the charge or keeping of a perfon; defence; prcfervation ; lecuruy. CU'STOM, S. laufluKc, Fr.] repeated and habitual praftice of any aftion ; fsftiion, or a method adopted by the majoiity ; an efta- blifhed manner ; a good 1 on of trade; a tri- bute or tax p;id to the government on goods imported or exported. Cuftom-boufe is the place where thole taxes are paid. which meanr it is fpread, or contracted, made! CU'STOM ABLE, Adj. that which is fre- ufe of to exclude the light, air, or to hide any 1 quently or commonly praclifed. thing. In Fortification that part of a wall or rampart which lies between tw.i bjftionf. To CU'RTAIN, V. A. to furnin., or hang with curtairs. CU'RTATE DISTANCE, S. in Aflrono- my, the diflance of the fun's place, and that cf a planet reduced to the ecliptic. CURTA'TION, S. [curtatum, fupine of evrto, Lat.] in Aftronomy, a little part cut off from the line of a planet's interval or dif- tance from the fun. CUR'VATED, Adj. [curvatui, Lat.] btnt. CU'STOM.ABLY, Adv. according to cuf- tom, or the common pxac>ice. CU'STOMARILY, A Jv. commonly ; ge- ner-llv. CU'STOMARINESS, S. frequency of re- petition, or prafttce, . CU'Sl'OMARY, Adj. habitual; ufual. CU'STOMKD, Adj. ufual; common; ge- nerally praftifed. CU'STOMER, S, one who purchafes any thing of a tradefman. CU'.STREL. S. J bucklcr-beaier; a vcffd [ for holding wine. T* CYC To CUT, V A. [preter and participle paflive cut, from couieiu, Fr. a knife] to pe- netrate or dlvidi with a fiiarp-edged inftru- ment j to he .V 5 to carve j to wound or pierce with any uneafy or poignant fenfatioo. In Gaming to feparate a pack of cards by taking off feme of them from the others; to inter- feft. Figuratively, to excel or furpafs. " He cuti down the fineft orator." Addif, To cut tut, tofhape; to form 5 to contrive; to fit; to debar ; to excel. To cut up, to carve or di- vide a jpint Of fowl, properly. To cut a Jail, is to unfurl and let it fall down. CUT, Part, prepared, or hi ffif ufe, allud- ing to hewn timber. CUT, S. the ad\ion or effect of a fliarp or edged infirunient; a channel made by art; a fmall piece, or flued, feparated by an edge tool from a larger fubftance; a lot ; a fhovt way, by which ibme winding is cut oft, or avoided ; a pifture taken from a copper plate, or carved wood, CUTA'NEOUS, Adj. [from cuth, Lat. the /kin] relating to the flcin. CU'TICLE, S. \_cutku!a, Lat. a diminu- tive of cutis, Lat. J the firft end outermoft covering of the body, commonly called ilje fcarf-ikin, which rifes on tne application of a blifter plafter. Figuratively a thin fkin form- ed on the furface ot any 1 quor. CU'TICULAR, Adj. belonging to the cuticle, or fkin. CU'TLASS, S. [ccutefas, Fr.] a broad cutting fword. CU'TLER, S. {ccutelier, Fr,] one who make? and feils knives. CUT-FURSE, S. one who robs a perfon of his money by cutting his purfe; a com- Snan practice before the invention of breeches, when men wore their purfcs at their girdles ; a thief; a robber. CU'TTER, S. a perfon or inftrument which cuts any thing ; a fmall nimble failing veffcl ; the fore teeth. CUT'THROAT, S. a murderer. CUTTHROAT, Adj. cruel, barbarous. CU'TTING, a Hired, or piece fcparated by means of a knife, or fharp inftrument. CUTTLEFISH, S. [cuttU-wjch, Belg. kuttel-fifch, Teut.] ifl Natural Hiflory, a fifli, which when purfued by a fifti of prey, emits a black liquor, by which it darkens the water and efcaoes. CY'CLOID, S. \My.\(^wA u^'^, Cr.] a geometrical curve, formed by the line which a r.ail in the circnroference of a wheel, makes in the air, while the wheel revolves in a right line. CYCLO'IDAL, Adj. relating to a cycloid ; the cycioidal jpace, is that contained between a cycloid and its Aibilance, CYCLO'P/EniA, S. [from y.w.K^ and waiJsia, Gr.] a cirtle of knowledge j a courfe of fcienccs. C Z A CY'GNET, S. [cygnus Lat. a (v/inl ^ young fwan. ^ CY'LINDER, S. [xyXivJjov, Gr.] in G:o- metry a round folid, having its bafes circu- lar, equal, and parallel, in the form of a rolling ftone ufed by gardeners. CY'/LINDRIC, or CYLINDRICAL, Adj, partaking of the nature, or in the form of a cylinder. CY'MA/R, S. [properly written frr.ar] a flight loofe covering or fcarf. CYMA'TIUM, S. [L.t xv,v.aT;r;, Gr.] in Architefture, a member, or moulding ot the ccnice, the profile of v/hich is waved, or co.nc/ve at tnp, and convex at bottom. CY'MBAL, "S. \cy:r.balum, Lat.J a mufical Inftrument ufed by the antients, fuppo'ed to he made of brafs, and in the form of a kctiie- drum, though fomewhat lefs. CYN^'NTROPY, S. [from v-wq, and a\Q{^-j)'!t:%--, Gr.J a fpecies of madnefs, in which perfons refemble a dog ; the fpecies of madnefs contrafted by the bite of a mad d"g. CYNEGE'TiCS, [Gr,] the art of hunt- ing ; the art of training dogs for hunting. CY/NIC, or CYNICAL, Adj. [jcj'/;/.'^, Gr.] fnarling ; brut-1 or partaking of the qualities of a cynic philofopher, who was re- markable for his contt-mpt oi rithe:, and ri- gorous reprehenfion of vice, CYNIC, S. a philofopher, who valued himfelf for his contempt of every thing, ex- cept morality; a feft founded by Diogenes. CY'NOSURE, S. [from y.-J:©-, and ii^^., Gr.] in Aftronomy, the name jiiven by the Greeks to Urfa Minor, or the Little Bear; the polar ftar by which failors ft-cr. CY'PRESS, S. [cypref/us, Lat. cy/^res, Fr.] In Botany, the wood of this tree is of fo lad- ing a nature, that the gates of St. Peter's ch'ifch at Rome, which- were made of it, hfted 6co years without .iny fenfible decay. Figuratively, ufed for mourning. CY/PRUS, S. [fo called from the pbce where it was made] a thin tranfparent fluff, ufed for fieves, o'c. CYST, S. [xur;?, Gr.] in Surgery, a bag cont.itning fome morbid matter. CY'Si'IC, Adj. in Surgery, contained ia a Las;. CYSTO'TOMY, S. [from xi^r;,-, snd TS;<.tVi), Gr.J the aft of opening eacylled tu- mors, or cutting the bag in which any morbid matter is contained. CZAR, S. [Scalv.] written more properly <•?!..>•, the title of the emperor of Rufiis. CZARI'NA, S. [from Czar] the title of the Emprefs of RulTia, D The fourth letter in the Enplilh al- phabet, and the third confunaiit. In tiie Roman, Saxon and our alpha -eLs, it is of ''he fame fhape, and feem. for acd U z i'uia D A I from the A Delta of the Greeks ; It is pro- no'inced by applying the tip of the tongue to the fore part of the p.late, and then feparat- ing them by a gentle brer.thing, the lips be- ing open at the lame time, As a numeral it ftands for 500, As an abreviature, D. ftandi for dacfcr, D. D. doBor in di-vinhy, cr dona dedit, gave as a prelent, Ti.Q. da capo, in Mufic, implies, that you are to end the tune, by repeating the firfrpart or ftrain over a°ain, ' To DAB, V. A. {dauher Fr.] to touch gently with fomething foft, or moift. DAB, S. a fmaJl lump, generally applied to fumetliino moift J a blow with fomething rnoift or fufr. In a low language, a perfon ex- pert in a^^y thing. In Natural Hiftory, a fmall fiar fifii. To DA'P.CLE, V. A. [dMelen, Bclg. ditlo, Erie ] to fmear, moiften, or daub with fomething wet; to play in the water; to do any thing in ajlighf or fupctiicial manne". DA'BBLER, S. one that plays in witer. Figuratively, one v.ho performs a thing fu- perficially ; one who never m.ikes himfelf a complete mafier of any fubjedV, or -branch of fcienre. DA'B-CHICK, S. a water-fowl, DA CAPO, See letter D. DACE, S. [dmcau, Fr.] a fmall river fifh refembling a roach, but fomething lefs. DA'CTYL, S. [daayllus, Lat.J a foot in Latin and Greek poetry, confifting of one long and two fhort fvllableS. DAD, or DADDY, ^. [tad, Brit, at'a, Goth. oT'itt, Gr. tela, Lat. dadda, Ital.] a father. D/EDAL, Adj. [dada'uz, Lat.] various j variegated ; (kilful. DA'FFODIL, DAFFODI'LLY, or DAF- FODOWNDILLY, S. in Botany, the nar- cifius. Tourncfort ranges it in the fecor.d feftion of his ninth clafs, and Linnaeus in the firfl: fedlion of his fixth clafs. The fpecies are nine. DAG, S. [dague, Fr.] a dagger; a hand- gun. To DAG, V. A. [dji7g, dsig, Sa*. to hang loofej to dirt or bemirc the lower parts of a garment. DA'GGER, S. [dague, Fr.] a IhortAvord. In Fencing Schools, a blunt bLae of iron, with a baflcet hilt, ufej for dcfe.-ice. In riijiting, i!ie obe!ifl<, u!cd as a mark of re- Itreme. anH ot this form(j-.) DA'GGERS DRAWING, S. the acl of Clawing a dagger. Figuratively, quarrelfome- ntfs, or rea in-fs to fight. To DA'GGLE, V. A. ffrora dag] to wet dirt, cr dau*> liic bottom of the cloafhs, Ly Walking in tbs diir, dew, or wet. Ncuteily, to Hang in the mire, dirt or wet. D.Al'LY, Aaj. [daglic. Sax.] happening, do.ie or repeated every day. Figuratively, ciJclijQtly, or heijutt.fly. DAM DAI^NTILY, Adv. in a curiotis, ele- gant, or delicate manner ; delicioufly j pleafantly. DA'INTINESS. S. delicacy, foftnefs ; ele- gance ; nicety ; fqueamilhnefs j or the not being eafily pleafed either with food or the produd^ion^ of art. DA'iNTY, Adj. pleafing to the tafte, and purchafed with great coft. Figuratively, of delicate or exqtiifite fenfibility; fqueani- ifh ; not eafily pleafed with food ; fcru- pulous ; elegant ; well or nicely formed ; nice, or aftedled. " Your dainty fpeakers." Prior. DA'INTY, S. fome rare food of exquifite tafle. A word of fondnefs. " Why, that's my dainty." k'hak. DA'IRY, S. [homdey, an old word for milk] the employment of making feveral kinds of food from milk ; pafturage ; a milk farm, or place where milk is kept, and butter or cheefe made. DA'IRY-MAID, S. a woman fervant, who has the care of the dairy, and makes butter or cheefe. DA'ISY, S. [dais, Fr.] in Botany, the l(.'lis : it hath a radiated difcous flower, com- pofed of many hermaphrodite flowers in the dilk, and female flowers forming the border, or rays, which are included in a common em- palement. The germen becomes a (ingle naked feed, placed vertically. It is ranged by Linnsus in the fecond feft. of his 19th clafs. The fpecies are three. DALE, S. a low or hollow place between hiils j a vale or valley. DA'LLIANCE, S. [from daily] afls of fondnefs between lovers. Figuratively, the cartfl'cs of a married couple. " Held d^ll:- <3ri« with his fair Egyptian fpoufe." Mih. Delay, or deferring a thing. " You ufe this dalliance to excufe — your breach of promife," Sl-ai. DA'LLIER, S. a trifler j a perfon who praftifes afts of fondneis. To DA'LLY, V. N. [do/kit, Belg.] to trifle; to play the fuol ; to amufe one's felf ana lofe time in idle plav; to exchange ca- relFes of fondnefs 3 to iport j to frolic; ta delay. DAM, S. [from daiKC, which, according to Cb.aucer, formerly fiyiiiiied a mother] the mother, applied mofl commonly to hearts ; but tiguratiVely, and by way of reprcrach, ap- plied to perfonf. DA.M, S. [dam. Belg. djmr, Teut.] a mole, bank, or any other obfirudlion to con- fine water. To DAM, V, A. [dan:n:ar., Yt.f<,r(dammcm, Sax. J to confine water by moles or other cbftruftions. Figuratively, to damp ; to ex- tinpuifh, cbftruift, or intercept. " The more thou dammfl it up, the more it burns." Shai. " Moon if yuur infiiiencc Le quite damrnd up." Mtlt. DA'MAGE. t) A M DA'MAGE, S. [Jornage, Fr.] mifchlef; hurt ; detriment j lols. To DA'MAGE, V. A. [from the noun to fpoil, hurt, or impair any thing ; to aiTedl a perl'on v/ith lofs, or hinder hiiTi in the pro- fceution of his bufinefs. Neuterly, to impair j to lofe of its worth by time. DA'MAGE A CLE, Adj. that which may be impaired or fpoiled by time : Mifchievous Or hurtful, DA'MASCENE, or DAMSON, S. [dj. majcenus, Lat. from Damajcui] in Ga;dening, fi i'tijU round black plum, of a rough and afiringent tafte. DA'MASCUS, S. by the Turks called Schan, the capital of the fouth part of Syria, in Afiatic Turkey. It was long tlie royal ro- fidence for feveral fucceffions of princes, and Hands in a delightful and fertile plain, on the antient Chryfortheus, or Golden river, which enriches that city and country. Ta- merlane took and deftroyed iis caftle, and with it 300,000 Turks 5 before which time, Damafcus is faid to have had forty noble porticoes, and 90,000 gold and filver lant- horns. In 1506, the Turks took it, and have kept pofTelTion 6i it ever fince. The city is oblong, pointing nearly N. E. and S. W. It is computed at about two miles in length, and thick fet with towers, domes, and minarets j befides being encompafTsJ wit.h fine gardens and orchards, extending no kfs than thirty miles round, and embelliflied with fine fum- mer-houfes, turrets, &c. mofl: of thefe plan- tations having a clear ftream running through them, vvith fountains, cafcadcF, v/atcr-works, &c. In the neij^hbourhood of the city, is a place Called the Green or Meidan, where, the natives believe was the feat of paradife; and they have a tradition among them, that Adam was formed of tlie duft of the neighbouring fields. In the heart of the city, is a high oval caflle, flanked with towers, in which are fome cannon. The only entrance to it, is on the E. fide, with a draw-bridge kept up with ftone chaino. Here are 15,000 JinifTaries conftant- ly kept, with a Beglerbeg or Ba.lia. It is the feat of a Greek patriarch j and lies 95 miles N, E. of Jerufalem, and 210 S. of Aleppo. Lat. 33 deg. 25 min. N. long. 37 deg. 27 tnin, £. DA'MASK, S. [damafjuin, Fr. dmna. fchino, Iial. from Damafcus, the place where It was invented,] a manufafture of linen or filk woven with raifed flowers ; likevvife a very fine fleel, at Damafcus in Sycia ufed for fword and cutlafs blades, and of a very fine temper. Figuratively, a red colour, allud- ing to that of the damafk rofe. " Her djmajk late, now chang'd to purcfl white." Fairfax. To DA'MASK, V. A. to weave linen or filk in raifed figures j to variegate, divetfify, or embeUifb, To adorn fteel .woik with .fifcUies. D A M ■ DA'.MASKROSE, S. in Botany, rifes with prickly ft.-^ks, 8 or 10 fee: high; tha leaves are compofed o" iwo pair of oval lobes, t-rminated by an odd ons, of a iark green on the upper, and of a palegieenon the under (idr-j the borders are frequently turned down, and fometimes favvcd 5 the foatftilks of the Row- ers are fit with prickly hairj ; the empale- ment of the flower is wing-pointed, and hairy; the flowers are of a foft, pale-re', not very double, ot an agreeable odour, and the tops are long and fmo ith. See ROSE, DAM.aSKE'ENIMG, or DA'MASKEN- ING, S. the art of adorning iron and fieri, ^ ciuting or carving holes in them, and filling them up with gold or filver wire : it is a com- pofition of Mofa'c wo;k, engraving, and CJrv- ing ; the Mofaic work confifts of pieces ia- l.iyed ; the engraving, the metal which is cut out in various forms ; and carving, with re- fpefl to the gold and filcer wrought th;re in relievo. DAME, S. [Fr. dama, Ital.j nrijin i!!y ap- plied to a perfan who was millrefs of ,1 family, and of a noble birth, as it is at prefeut ufed in Law 5 but commonly ufed now for a far- mer's wife, or one of the lower fort. Ufed \n Poetry for a perfon of rank, and at court given to fuch ladies as have places there. Figura- tively, women in general. To DAMN, V. A. [dJinim, Lat. damnery Fr. j to doom, devote, or rurfe to eternal tor- ments; to procure etemal punifiiment ; to ex- plode or render any performance unpopular, by hifling or criticifing. DA'MNABLE, Adj. deferving. or juftly condemned to eternal puniihmeut. Some- times ufed, indecently, in a ludicrous fenfe, for pernicious or odious. ♦> DA'iVINABLy, Adv. in fuch a manner as to incur eterinl runilhment. DA'MNATION, S. exclufion from divine mercy ; the ffate of a perfon who is fentenced to eternal puTilhinent. DAMNA'TORY, Ai].^Jidimnaior]us, Lat.] containing the fentence to eternal puniflj- ment. DA'MNED, Part, hateful; deteftable ; a- bominable ; doomed to everlafting punifli- ment. DAMNITIC, Adj. procuring lofs; mlf- chievou?. To D.A'MNIFY, V. A. [damnlfico, Lat.] to caufe lofs ; to fpuil, hurt, or impair. D.AM'NINGNESS, tendency to fubjeft a perfon to eternal puniHsments. DAMP, Adj. [dampe, Belg.] moift ; in- clining to wet ; moirteued by the air or va- pours. Figuratively, dcjedked; full of for- row, on account of fome fuddcji difappoint- ment or unexpefted calamity. D.AMP, S. a fog, or mitt ; a moift noxious vapour. Figuratively, dejeftion or forrow, ariling from fome unforefcen check, or fudden calamity, U 3 To DAN To DAMP, V. A. [from the adjeftive] to v/ct or n-.oilien ; to ch>ll ; or diniinilh heat by water. Figuratively, lo lefien any quality ; to ftnoiher, check, or dcprefs any ardour or paffio 1- DA'MPISHNESS, S. tendency to wctnefs, or moillnri-, aiifn g trom togs, vapours, &c. DA'iVU-NESS, S- a cold moiftuie, or log- ginefs. DA'MpV, A(!i. main: or wet. DVMSEL, S.' [Ji:mo;jUle,¥r.] originally ufed ftr a ycung gentlewoman or lady of dif- tinftion : an attendant of the higher rank; but at pr.:fc,T.': for a young country iais. DAN, S. [Jon, Span, from dom'tnui, Lat.] a titli: of dignity or ijonour, form^'rly uled for n:afer. " Pray thank dan Pope." Prior, To DANCE, V. N. [d.mjcr, Fr, dancar, Span, djnzure, Itai.] to trove in a graceful at- t!t':de, according to an air fung, or pby'd. Aiflively, to mike a perfon dahce, or fktp. To di:nce attendance, is to wait in an humble and fuppliant manner on a perfon. DANCE, S. [Fr. dans, 1(1.] an agreeable motion of th« body end feet, adjuftcH by art, to the meafure or tune of a mufiCiil inftrument or the voice. DA'NCER. S. one who praftifes dancing. DA'NCING-MASTER, S. one who teaches the art of d.incinp. D.ANDE'LION, S. [dent da lion, Fr. lion's toothj in Botany, the name of a plant which crows in the fields ; it refembles the hawk- weed, excepting that it has a fitigle naked ftalk, with flowers on the top, and Is eaten as a fallad. DANDII'PPvAT, S [djr.den, Fr.] a little fsllow; ufed fometiraes as a word of fondnefs, and lometimcs as a word of reproach. To DA'NDLE, V. A. \dandefen, Belg.] to keep a child in motion, either on the knee, or o;her\vife, to quiet it. Figuraiivejy, to treat v/it.h too much fondnefs, to ufe like a child. DA'NDLER, S. a perfon that fondles s child. DA'NDPxUFF, S. the fcurf or dirt which flicks to the head. DANE'WORT, S. in Eotar.y, a fpecies oi cMir, called likewife the dwarf elder. DAN'GEP., S. [Fr.j hazard : rlfque ; or a con Jition which 18 li..ble to mifchicf, or ca- lamity. To DAN'GER, V. A. to expofe to lofs, calamity, or mifoy. DAN'GERLESS, Adj. out of a poffibility of meeting with any calamity or accident. DAN'GEROUS, Adj. expofed to accidents, lof"., harm, or mifchief. DAN'GEROUSNESS, S. a condition which expofes to accidents, calamity, or de.ih. ToDANG'LE, V, N. to hang loofe, fo as to be pui in motion by the wind, btcath, or a D A R fhake. Figuratively, to hang as a dependent upon a p?i Ion. DAN'GLER, S a perfon who frequent! the company of women purely to pafs or kill time. DANK, ^c'j. [tunhn, Teut.] mcifl ; wettifh. DAN'KISH, Adj. fcmewhat moift or wet. To DAP, V. A [from dip] in Angling, to let till or put cently into the water. DAP'PER, Adj. [dapper, Belg.J fmall of ftature, and full of fpirit and vivacity. DAl'/PERLING, S. a perfon of lovtr fta- ture ; ri dwarf. DAP'PLE, Adj. Bnarked, variegated, or clouded wit.h difierent colours. To DAP'PLE, V. A. to ftreak, ordiverfify with a difierent colour. DAR, or DART, S. a fifli found in the Severn. To DARE. V. N. [preter. I durjl, or Jba'rv dared; trom dtarran, dyrran, Sax. gaddaurjla, Goth, derren, Belg. deoran, Sax. to hurt] to underta.ke a thing without being difcouraged by the dangers which attend it. A£lively, to challenpe or provoke a perfon to fight. To dare lai-ks, is to catch them by means of a looking- glafs, which keeps them in a maze, "'i taken. ' DARE, S. a provocation, or calling on a perlon to figlit ; a challenge ; a defiance. DA'REJrUL, Adj. full of defiance 3 with- out fear. DA'RING, Adj. bold ; adventurous; cou- rageoully undertaking an affair, notwithftand- ing the dangers attending it. DA'RINGLY, Adv. in a bold, courageous, outrageous, or impudent manner. DA'RINGNESS, S. boldnefs. Dark, Adj. \deorc, Sax.] without light. Not bright; dull, applied to colours. Opake ; net to be feen through ; not having light in itfelf. Figuratively, not eafy to be under- ftood ; obfcure ; ignorant ; not enlightened with knowledge, or revelation. Gloomy; not cheaifu!, applied to the temper, D.ARK, S. want of light, by v.hich all ob- jects become invifible. Figuratively, obfcu- rity ; the condition of a perfon not known or famous; want of knowledge; ignorance. To DARKEN, V. A. [adeorcian, Sax.] to deprive of, or fhut out the light ; to cloud, perplex; to render the mind unable to diftin- guith the qualities of objciSls; to grow towards night ; to grow dark or gloomy. DARK'LING, Part, hid in the dark j cor.cealed from fight. DA'RKLY, Adv. in a fituation void of light ; obfcurely. Da'RKNESS, S. a ftate wherein light is abfent, and obie£ls which are difcovered by the fight, become invifible ; opakenefs. Ob- fcuiity, or difSculc to be underllcjod, applied 1 " ■ " to D A U tf> books. The infernal gloom jwickednefsj the empire of Sat.!n. DA'RKSOME, Adj. gloomy ; obfcure. DA'RLING, S. [deorfwg, Sax J a petfon more beloved than any other j a Javourite. To DARN, V. A. to mend holes by flitches, in imitation of the fabric of the fluff. DA'RNEL, S. a weed growing in corn- fields. Dart, S. [dard, Fr.] a fmall lance or weapon thrown by the hand. To DART, V. A. to caft or throw a dart; to wound at a diftance ; to emit, or caft. Neuterly, to fly as a dart. To DASH, V. A. [dafcher, Fr.] to throw «ne thing with violence and fut'dcnncfs againft another; lo break by throwing with violence; to bcfprinkle ; to wet by beating the water with a flick, or by flinging a ftone or other thing into it ; to mingle or mix with another liquor; to obliterate or cancel a writing, by drawing a carelels ftroke over it with a pen ; to make a oerfon afhamed, to confound. Neuterly, to fly in waves or fparkles over the furface or brim of a vefTel or bank ; to fly i/i fparkles or (heets, attended with a loud noife, applied to water. DASH, S. the ftroke occafioned by fling- ing one body forcibly againft another ; a ftroke made with a pen; a blow ; a mixture of ano- ther liquor. DA'STAR.D, S. [adraftrigan. Sax.] a coward; a perfon infamoufly fearful. To DA'STARD, V. A. to terrify ; to afi"e£l with fear. " A i>d f/fl//drd's manly fouls with hope and fear." Dryd. To DA'STARDIZE, V. A. to intimi- date ; to render cowardly with fear. DA'STARDY, S. too great an afTedion of, or lia'ulenefs to fear. Date, S. [datte, Fr. from datum, Lat.] the time or day in which a writing is figned or written ; or an event happens ; the time ap- pointed for a thing to be done; continuance; the fruit of the palm-tree. To Date, v. a. to let down the time in which a thing is done, or writing per- formed. DA'TELESS, Adj. without any fixed term «r period, DA'TIVE, S. [dat'tf, Fr. dat'i-vus, L:.t.j the cafe of a noun which fignifies the perfon to whom any thing is given or done ; as « e have j)o cafes in Engliih, this relation is gene rally exprelled by prefixing /o before the noun, but after verbs oi gming, the particle is omitted. In Law, fuch executors as are appointed by a ju.i'se's decree. To Daub, v. a. [daukr, Fr.] tofmesr with fomething ftirking ; to foil, or make dirty. Figuratively, to paint coarfely ; to cuvcr with fomething which difguifcs ; to cover with fomething gaudy j to flatter gi-ofs'y; to pUy ih.; hypocrite. DAW DAU'BER, S. one who foils or fmears a thing ; a coarfe painter. DAVE'NANT, [Sir William] wasthe fonof John Oavenanc, a citizen and tavern- keeper of Oxford, and was born in February 1605. .'n 1624, he entered a member of chat univerfity ; but being more inclined to a gay than fedentary life, he did not remain long there, but repaired to court, and W3s made firft page to Frances, duchefs of Rich- mond, and from thence he removed to the fa- mily ofjord Brooke, and during his refi.ip^r with this family, produced his 'firft tragejy called AJbovino, kingof the Lombards, which was well received, Upon the death of Ben Jonfon, he was appointed laureat. As he was ftedfaft in his loyalty to the king, he was acculed by the parliament in 1641, of fcducing the army from their authority, and attempting to bring them over to that of the king. This made him refolvc to place his fafety in flight} but he was ftopt at Feverlharn, fent to town, and committed to the care of a mef- fenger. In July following, he was admitted to bdil, and again endeavoured to avoid the troubles of the times, by withdrawing into France; but was feized in Kent. From this confinement he was foon releafed, and at Uft retired beyond fea. After feme time he re- tuined to England, and was, by his old triend and patron the earl of Newcaftle, made lieutenant-general of his ordnance, and in this capacity it is probable he behaved well, for in September 1643, he was knighted by the king, at the fiege of Glocefter. But the king's ;,ffairs becoming irretrievable, he once more left the kingdom, and went to France, where he got into fuch favour with the queen, that fhe trufted him with atiairs of great im.portance. At the Reftoration, he had the patent of the Duke's company of comedians granted to him ; and opened the theitre in Lincoln's Inn fields, with the Siege of Rhode , written by himfelf, the houfe being finely decorated, and the ftage ori.amented with painted fcenes, which w<;'e by him introduced, if not invented. His dramatic performances were feventeen in number. He died on April 17, 16SS, and was enterred in Wefiminfter Abbey. On hit grave ftone was inlcribed, in imitation of Ben Jonfon, this ftiort epitaph, ** O rare Sir William D.^venant," DAU'GHIER, S, [daugbtar, Goth. dohur, Sax. and Teut,J the female offifpiing ot a man or woman. To DAUNT, V. A. [domtir, Fr, dmil», Lat. J to difcourage ; to damp a perfon's cou- rage. DAU'NTLESS, Adj, without feir, or di CO irat;ement. DAU'NTLESSNESS, S, a condition void of fear. To DAWN, V. N, Idaglan, Saot.] to grow light; to s^dvaace twwa((U day. 1-igu- ^ 4 ratively. 1) E A D E A ■Hlwclv, to glimmer, or afford an obfturet motion In a dead hody'is called a //wri ilefip. light to the underftanding ; to eive foine ji»di-j Unaftive, dull, applied to colours. Ufckls , cation of greater and approacJiing i'lilendor, DTVWW, S. the firfl appearance of day or Vight. Figuratively, a bej^inning. DAY, ^S. [da-^^ Sex. djg:, Go-h. dagk, jje'g. djg^, Dan. dtjhei, Iber.j that fpace of tiffie wherein it is light ; but a natural or civil day is that fpscis of time wherein the caith performs one rotaiioii on its axis, fo as its d rt'erent parts fliall fucceflively enjoy ihe light of the fun ; this confifts of a pe- riod of 14 houirs. Figurative^-, an indefi- ■ni«e period of ti'me commencing from the aiiion mentioned. DA'Y-BOOK, S. a book wherein tradef-' inen enter all the occurrences of the day, in the order they happen j called likewife a wafte-lmok, DA'Y-LaBOUR, S. a portion of labour exafled of a peri'on every day, and implies the idea of hardfliip and fatijuc-. DA'Y-LAE'oURER, S. a perfon who is fcired to work by the day 5 a hard-working and flaving perfon. DA'YSMAN, S. a perfon ct^ofen to de- termine or decJHe a difpute or contelt be- tween others. " Neither is there any dayf- man betwixt us." jfob ix. 33. DA'Y-SPRING, S. the fitft appearand, of light in the morning ; the d^wn j the oay- b.'eak. DA'YSTAR, S. the morning- ftar. "So f-rks "he d'y-fiar in the cce.^n bed." J^Iilt, ■Figuratively, the light fhed by tne diy-Jlar j the light of the gofpei which is ipread by .Chnft, the day--j}ar of righteoufnefs. " The lisy-ficr {hAl rife in your hearts." 2 Fet. i. 19., DA'ZIED, .Ad;, adorned and over-grown v/ith d.'zies. '• find out the prcttiell dazied fpot we can." Sf.-ak. ToDA'ZZLE, V. A. [^vvy^/, Belg.] to Bverpower the eyes, and injure the light with too grejt a degree of ligrit or I'plendor ; to be overpowered, or )ofe the ule of fight for a tiftie, by too much l>ght, or too great an application to reading DE.VCON, S. [diaconui, Lar. ^ixxsv<^,Gt. from '<o'iiai, to minifter loj a lower degree of clergy, rather a novitiate, cr f?a;e of prdtia:ion for one year, after which a perfun is admitted into full orders, or ordained a priefl. DEA'CONNESS, S. a female in the an- tjtnt church, who ad.-n:riil^ered fuch offices to thofe of her own fex, which it wis not de cent for the men to do, fuch as the baptifm tf adult, women, fe°f. DEAD, Adj. [deod, Pclg, dcd, Dm. dau €tr,\i[, dautbui,G-:i\.'n.\ wi.hoiit, or deprived of life, applied to thofe pcrfons vvhofs fouls aie feparated from their bod.es. Figuia- iivdy, without kn^c or motion j hence a deer Ifcep, which imitates tiie want uf fsnfe and unaffefting; void of ardour or warmth. " Hovr cold ani dead does a prayer appear r" /1dd:f. Taftelefs or vapid, applied to liquors. Unin- habited, or not interfperfed with houles. " A dijd wall." Withered. " A died bough, or plant." To DEAD, or DEADEN, V. A. to de- prive a thing of any quality, or fenfation. Fi- guratively, to make liqudu vapid, taftelefs, or fpititlers, Ncuteily, to lole any force or quality. DEA'D-LIFT, S. a preffing neceflity, call, or exigenc- ; a laft refort. DEADLY, Adj. that which kills ; mur- thero'.is ; tr.ortal ; inveterate. " Dtadiy ei;e- mies to the Turks." KnoUti. UEA'DLY, Adv. in a manner refembling the dead. " Looked deadly pale." Sk^ik. Mortally, or in luch a manner as to deprive of life. " The groanings of a dcad'y wounded man.'' Ea. xxx. 24. Sometimes ufed iri familiar dii'courfe, only to enforce the figni- tication of a word, implying 'vtry much ; pro- digioufly ; exceedingly, " Though deadly weary." Orrery. DEA'DNESi), S. want of warmth, and ard.ur. Figuratively, languor, cr faintnei'^, Vapidnefs ; lofs of fpirit, applied to li- quots. DEAD NET'TLE, S. in Botany^ a weed failed likewife the aichangel. DEAD RECKONING, 8. in Navigation^ the conj'.dure made by feamen of the place where the f]'.ip is, by keeping an account of her way by the leg, by knowing the courfe they have fljered by the connpafs, and by redifying all wi;h an ail.-.wjnce for drift or leeway, without any obfervation of the fuiij moon, cr ftats. DEAF, Adj. [Sax. dnf, Belg. (/aa*,Teut._ dciv, Djn. daufur, Ifl ] wanting the fenfe of hearing, or havif.g it greatly impaired. Fi- guratively, regardlefs, unattentive, uied with to. To DEAF, or DEA'FEN, V. A. to de- orive of hearing. DEA'FLV, Adv. {dcafic. Sax-] without any fer.fe of founds ; imperfeftly heard. DE.VFNESS, S. the ftate of a perfon who has entir.'^ly loft, or has the fenfe of hearing greatly impired. Figuratively, inattention, or entire difiegard. DEAL, S. [dW, Sjx. dnl, Belg. dail, Goth. dj!t, RuiT. diiL, Sclav. Corn. Djlm. dil, Boh.j a parr, or portion j the oif.ce, or prac- tice of dillributing cards to thofe who are en- gaged in any game j iir, orpine-wood, from deyle, Belg. 'did, Teut. To DEAL, V. A. [da'.an, S«. deeltn, Belg. dj'xlgan, Goth, delate, Rulf. ddiii, Boh. dUhi, Scliv. r'ol.J to diftribute, or difpofe of to different perfons 3 Co fcatter proaiifcuoufly i .10 6 \ I D E A to give to feveral perfona in order, one after ano-her. Neuieriy, to tranfatt bufinefs ; tu trade ; to atl ; to I'eli ; to be converfant in ; to praftite 5 to behave to.vards ; to treat ; lometimes to cornend with, or approve. DEA'LER, S. one who trades in any par- ticular commoduy ; one who has to do with, or ptaftifes any thing; one who diftributes caids. DE'ALING, S. practice; a£lion; beha- viour ; treatment ; bufinefs ; or trade. DEAN, S, [^oy^n, Fr. digriy Dan. Jicanus, Lit. from Sina, Gr. ten, becaufe at firfl al- ways prcfiding over ten prebendaries, or ca- nons, at leaitj a perfoii in collegiate churches or chapels, who is prefident of the chapter. DE'ANERY, S. ihegoverni3nent,authori'y, revenue, or refidcnce ot cdean. DE'ANSHIP, S. the office of a dean. DEAR, Adj. [deoie, dyre, Sax. deer, Belg.] an object of great love, and of warm affec- tion ; beloved. Figuratively, valuable ; of high price, coftly ; fcarce ; not plentiful. ■■'' A dear year." DEAR, S. a word of fondnef's, implying that the perfon is efteemed as much as the greateft rarity, valued as much as the mol): coifly purchale, and looked on as an objedt of the moft intenfe love and afFcftion. DEAR-BOUGHT, Adj. purchafed at a high rate ; bought at too high a price. DE'ARLING, or DARLING, S. [deor- Urg, Sax.J a perfon careffed with great afieClion. *• Th; reft of Venus* dearlirgs." Spetiler. DE'ARLY, Adv. with great affeftinn. Ufed with pay or huy, at a high price ; at too great a price. To DE.\RN, V. A. [dyrnan. Sax. to hide] to mend holes in cloaths, fo as to re- lemble the fabric of the ftjff. See DARN. DE'ARNESS, S. fondnels ; a warm or great degree of affection ; fcarcity; ccftlmefs; a high, or too high a price. DEARTH, S. [from dearj fcarcity ; want ; need; famine; barrenne;s. DEATH, S. [from death. Sax. dame, Ifl. dauihus, Goth, J the departure of the foul from the body ; iofs of ferfibility, motion, and all the funiftions of animal lili;. Figu- ratively, the flate of the (.ead ; murder, or depriving a perfon of life by violent and unlawful means \ the caufe of death. DE'ATH-BED, S. the bed on vt'hich a perfon dies. DE'ATEiFUL, Aoj. pregnant with death ; mortal; fatal 3 deftruttive. DE'ATHLESS, Adj. not fubjea to death; immortal. DE'ATHLIKE, Adj. [dfatblU, Si.x.} re- fembliijg death, either in its horrors, or in its inlenfibility, or moiionlefs flate. b E B DE'ATH'S-MAN, S, an executioner. DE'ATH- WATCH, S. fmething that ii foolifhly reported to mike a ticking noifs in a wall, &c. sgainft the death of fome friend J but is on>y a imall infefV, ^c. m iking a noife like the beating of a watch, riefc.-ibed by Dr. Derham in the Philofophical T<anf- a£ficns. It very much refembles a lonf^-, bo'll in fliape and colour ; but is mote nimble } is common in every houfe in the warm months ; but in the cold fcafon, hides it.^'elf in dry dufly places. To DEBA'R, V. A. [from df anShar] to hinder or reftrain a perfon from the enjoyment of a thing. To DESA'RK, V. A. [deiar^uer, Fr.] to come Out of a fhip upon ftore. To DEBA'SE, V. A. to reduce from a higher to a lower value ; to adulterate metal or liquors by the addition of forne'.hing lefs valuable ; to fpoil, or render lefs perfedl by mtan and unworthy additions. DEBA'SEMENT, S. the aft of dfbafmg, degrading or rendering a thing of lefs value by the mixture of fomething mean or worth- lefs. DEBA'SER, S. the perfon who leObns the value cf a thing by fome mixture 5 one who adulterates metals or liquors. DEBA'TaBLE, Adj. that which may be difputed, or giveoccafion for controverfy. OEBA'TE, S. [dei^t, Fr. diiatto, leal.] a difpute concerning the meaning, or the truth of any proportion ; a quarrel or con: eft. To DEBA'TE, V. A. [dsialire, Fr. diht- tere, Ital,] to controvert, or difpute ; to pro- duce the arguments which may be brought to fupport any fide of a queftion ; to deliberate. DEBA'TEFLTL, Adj. fond of difpute or contradidlion. QuarrJfonie or contentious, when applied to perfons. Contefted, or ccca- fioning difputes, wlien applied to things. DEBA'TER, S. a dilpuiant, or one fond of dilpute. To DEBAU'CH, V. A. \debaucber, Fr. deiaccbor, Ital.] to feduce a perfon, or prevail on him to do fomething amifs ; to corrupt a perfon's morals, fo as to make him lewd ; to corrupt by intemperance in meat or drink, but efpecially the latter. DEBAU'CH, S. intemperance in meat or drink ; lewdnefs. DEBAUCHE'E, S. [the c pronounced like an s, debauchi, Fr.J a perfon given to intern-' perance in drink, or lewdnefs. DEBAU'CHMENT, S. the atl of cor- rupring the morals of a perfon, whether it reipcCls temperance, orchafiity. "Debauch' /nwr of nations." Taylor, DEBE'NTURE, S. a writ or note by which a debt Is claimed. To DEBI'LITATE, V. A. [dchHitatum, uj-ine ui debiiilo, Lat.J to deprive of ftren^-tb; DE'ATHS'-DOOR, S. [aryXa, aicv, Gr.j a^near approach to (kaih 3 on the brink or | to weaken, or render weak verge of dying. DEBlLf. DEC DEC DEEIUTA'TION, S. the a6tofdepnv-I DECEI'VAELE, AHj, fuNjeft or expoffd Jng a pcrfon of flrengthjOrrenderinghim we.Jv-. to fraud or impoftu-e ; fubjcft to, or capable ol„ Icodin-: a perfon inro an error. DECEKVABLENESS, S. the pofllbility of DEBI'LITY, S. lofs of fliength ; ,weak- iiefs ; want (.^f ftrength to bear any weight, or lo accomplifh an unCcriaking. DEBONA'IR,^ Arij. yehonnair, Ft.} li'vely ; »ftjble ; genteel^ civil; well-bred j elegant; comphifant. DEBONAKRLY, Aiv. with an elegant or grnteel air ; civilly; Iprighiiy. DEBT, S. [dihitum, hzx, detu, Fr.] that which one perlon owes to another. DEBT'OR, S. {debitor, Lat.j he that ewes Eiiothsr rn(,ney ; one VI ho has taken goods ot another on truft; that f;de of an account which contains the articles which a perlbn has had on truH., DEBULLl'TION, S. [dcbuliitlo, Lat.] the bubbling ot water over the fides of the veflcl which contains it. DECA'DE, S, [JeJta, Gr.] a number a- moutV'ing f''; ^''' coiififting often. DECA'DEKCY, S. [decadence, Fr.] decay. DECA'GON, S. [trom oma and j/ajyia, Gr. j in Geometry, a figure having ten equal fides and angles. DE'CALOGUE, S. [hiia7.oy>^, Gr.] the Ten Comraandments, given by God to Aiofcs, ToDECA'MP, V. N. [dtcan./^cr. Fr.] to ftit't a camp ; to remove !rom a place. • DECAMP'MENT, S. the att cf moving from a place. To DECA'NT, V. A. [decanter, Fr.decan- to, Lat.] to pour liquor ofl lently. DECANTA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aa of pouring liquor off the leef. DECA'NTER, S. a boLtie of white glafs, ufed to contain liquor?. To DE'CAY, V. A. {dechcon, Fr. from tie ind cado, Lai.j to lofe of its value, fub- fiance, ftrengtn, or perfe£lion ; to be gradu- ally impaiied. Aftively, to impair; con- fume graduj.Uy, or wafte the fubftanceofa thing. DE'CAY, S. a gradual lofs of fnbftance, qualities, value, or perfe£lion; the efleds or marks of confumption or decline ; declenfion from profperity being impoied noon by falle pretences. To DECE'iVE, V. A. [dael-voir, Fr. de- cifio, Lat.] lo make a perfon believe fume- tiiing (alfc, or intended to his damage or hurt ; to impcie on a perfon's credulity by falfe ap- pearances ; to lead into an error or miftake. Figurat-vslv, to difappoinl. DECE'JVER, S. one who leads another into a miftake ; one who imoofes on the cre- duii'.y of another. Fi;!uratively, one who dilappoinis a pei Ion's cxpecration.s. DECE'MBbR, .S. [from decew, Lat. ten] the laft or twelfth month of the year, accord- ing to the modern computatioji of time; but formerly the fenih, as its name imports, the year then beginnin<; in March. DECEM'PEDAL, Aaj. [decewpedaUs, Lat.] meafuring ten feet. DECEM'VIRATE, S. the decemviri, among the Roma.ns, were ten noblemen choien to govern the cotnnaonweatth, initesd of two confuls. DE'CENCE, or DECENCY, S. [decence, Fr, decentia. Lit.] a method of audrefs or adtion proper and becoming a perfon's fex, charafter, or rank. Figuratively, modefty* " Want of decency is wait of feafe." Rofcom. DECE'NNIAL, Adj. [decertnium, from de- cern, Lat. ten, and anr.us, Lat. a year] continu- ing the fpace often years, DE'CENT, Adj [_decs)ii, Lat.j becoming ; fit or fuitable J neut. DE'CENTLY, Adv. in a proper manner ; confident with charatler, rank, or the rules of good-breeding. Figuratively, modeftly. DECEPTIBI'LITV, S. [trom dece^tlo, Lat.j liiblenefs to be led into an error or mif- take ; liablenefs to be impofej on. DECE'PTIBLE, Arj. liabletcbe deceived, impofert on, or led into an error. DECE'PTION, S. [d'.cepiio, Lat.j the act or means of iropofing on a perfon, or lead- ing him into an error ; the flate of a perfon mpofed on, or in a miftake ; a cheat, fraud. DECA'YER, S. that which caufes decay or fallacy, by which a perfon takes a thing to DECE'ASE, S. [decejfus, Lat.] death; de- be what it is not. patture from life. To DECE'ASE, V. N. [dicejfum, fupine o' lUceh, La!.] to die. DECE^IT, S. [decepth, Lir.] a means by vhich a thing is pafitd upon a perfon for what it is not, as when talfhood is made to pafs for truth. A fruud ; cheat; artifice; ftratagem. DECEl'TFUL, Adj. full of friu-l or arti- fice; meaning different from what a perfon e.-jprefTes ; not to be confided in. DECEi'TFULLY, Adv. in a fraudulent inlincere .Tianner. DECEI'TEULNESS, S. the (quality o! impofing oA a perfon to his hurt. DECE'PTIOUS, Adj. apt to impofe upon ; or lead a perfon into an error. DECE'PTORY, Adj. containing the means of impohng on the credulity of a per- fon ; or of l-.'ading him into a mirtake. To DECl'DE, V. A. [decido, Lit. diciJer, Fr.] to put an end to, or terminate a dif- piite, or event. DECl'DER, S. the perfon who determines a quarrel, or cau^e. DECl'DUOUS, A ij. [dcciduus, Lat.j fall- ng off. In Botany, foon withering; not laft- ing the whole year. DECI'DUOUSNESS S. aptntfs to fall. in DEC In Botany, the quality of fading or wilhering every year. DECI'MAL, Adj. [Jecimus, Lat, the tenthj numbered, multiplied, or entreafing by tens. Decimal arithmttic, is that which computes by decimal tradtions ; a decimal fraBion, is that whofe denominator is never exprefTed, but is always undcrftood to have as many cyphers as there arc decimals, figures and unity, or i befides ; thus, JLoooo crf • ¥7>.T» '--'^• To DE'C1MATE,V. A. [dec'matum, fupine of declmo, Lat.] to tythe j to take the tenth. DECIMA'TION, S. the rft of tything, of taking the tenth, whether by lot or other- wife ; a feleftion of every tenth foldier, by lot, for punishment, in a general mutiny. To DECIPHER, V. A. [dechffrer, Fr.j to explain a thing written in cyphers. Figu rativeiy, to delcribe, or give a chatadleriftical repiefentatinn of a thing j to unfold j to un- ravel. '' To decipher ^ perplexed afFair". DECI'PHERER, S. one who explains any thing written in cyphers. DEC1'S10N,S. the determination of a dif- pute, or difference ; the refult of an event. DECI'SIVE. Adj. having the power of de- termining a difference ; or fettling tue refult , of an event that is uncertain. DECISIVELY, Adv. in a conclufive man- ner, fo as to put an end to a difpute, or to determine the fjte of an undertaking. pECI'SlVENESS. S. the power of deter mining any difference, or fetlling any event. DECI'SOPvY, Adj. able to determine or put beyond difpufe. To DECK,V. A. [decke,,, Eelg. and Teut.] to cover by way of ornament:. " To deck with clouds th' uncolour'd ficy." Par. Loji. To adorn with drefs ; to embellifli, DECK, S. [^decken, Dan. to cover] the floor of a fliip. ' DECKER, S. a drefler ; one who adorns ; one who covers a table, or lays a clo;h. To DE'CLAIM, V. A. [declaimer, Fr. d; clatno, Lat, J to fpeak in a florid manner, like an orator, or riietoririan ; to fpeak much a- gainft a thing ; to run a thing down, ufed With agaxtip. DECLA'IMER, S. one who makes a florid fpeech in order t^ fire the imagination, or move the p-flitms ; an orator. DECLAMA'TION, S. {dcclamauo, Lat.] a florid or rhetorical difcourfe addreffed to the paffions. Figuratively, an oftentatious difplay of rhetoric or oratory. DECLa'MATOR, S. [Lat.] one who fpeaks againft a thing, perion, or opinion ; an orator ; a. rhetorician. " This ger.eruus dcclamator .'"' latler, No. 56. DECLAMA'TORY, Adj. Ideclamahlre, Fr. decitmatonus, Lat. J relating to the prailice of declaiming ; treated in t!ie manner of a rhetorician ; appealing to the paffions ; mere- ly rhetoiical A.'U:ifii. DEC DECLA'RABLE, Adj'. that which may be declared j capable of proof. *' This is declarable from the beft writers." Bro'iun. DECLARA'TION, S. [Fr.J the difco- very of a thing by words ; explanation ; affirmation. In Law, the (hewing forth or laying out an aftion ptrfonal in any fuit ; fometimes ufed both in perfonal and real adlions. DECLA'RATIVE, Adj. explaining j male- . ing proclamation ; exprefs. DECLA'RATORILY, Adv. In the fortn of a declaration j in a decretory form j eic- prefsly. DECLA'RATORY, Adj. exprefilve; af- firmative. To DECLA'RE, V. A. [declaro, Lat.] de- clarer, Fr.J to explain, or free from obfcurity. " To declare this a little, we muft allume, that, &c.^' Boyle. To make known ; to ma- nifeft ; tc publifh, or proclaim } to efpoufe any caufe or opinion openly. DECLA'RER, S. one who makes any thing known, DECLE'NSION, S. [decllnaipn, Fr. decll- natlo, Lat.] a gradual decay, or decreafe from a greater degree of ftrcngih or power to a lefs ; defcent ; declirtaiion or declivity. " The declcnfion of the land from that place to the fea." Burnet. In Grammar, the variation or change of the laft fyllable of a noun, "^hilft ;t continues to fignify the fame thing. DECLI'NAIJLE, Adj. having a variety of endings, according to 'he different relations it ftands for. '•' A declinable' noan, DECLINA'TION, S. [dccllnatto, Lat.] defcent ; a change from a more to a lefs per- fcifl ftate ; decay ; the ad of bending down. " A declination of the head." A variation from a perpendicular, or right line 5 an ob- lique diredion ; variation from a fixed point, fuch as that of the needle from the north. In Artronomy, the diftance of the fun or a ftar from the equator, either north or foutb. In Grammar, the inilexton, or declining a noun through all its virions terminations. Decliiiatlon of a plane, in Dialing, is an arch of the hoiizon, comprehended either between the plane and the prime vertical circle, if counted from eaft to weft, or between the meridian and plane, if reckoned from the north or foutb. DECLINA'TOR, or DECLINATORY, S. an inftrument ufed in dialling, to determm* the declination, leclination, and inclination of planes, To DE'CLINE, V. N. [drdlno, Lat. dt~ diner, Fr.j to bend or lean downwards. Fi- guratively, to go aftray j to fiiun or avoid to do a thing ; to link ; to be innpaired ; to de- cay. A<iti ely, to bend downwards ; to fhun ; to elude the 'orce 01 an aii^umcnt ; to men- tion all th- different tcrmiiustions of a decii- ijable woid. DF.CM'Nr, Dec 'DECLI'NE, S. decay, owing either to t»r, timi", difeafe, or other caufes. DECLi'ViTV, S. [declhus, Lat.] the gra- dual (iefcent of a htU, or other eminence. DECLl'VOUS, Adj. [deeli'vus, Lat.J gra- duallV|,delcending, To DECO'CT, V. A. [decorum, fupine of deccqueo, Lat.] to prepare for ufe by boiling. • Jn Pharmacy, to boil in water. To as to draw Out the firength or virtue of t thing ; to boil till it grows thick ; to Urengthen by boiling. DECO'CTIELE, Adj. that which may be boiled, or mav be prepared by boilinf;. DECO'CTION, S. [decoHuin, Lat. J the aft of boiling any thing to extrad its virtues. Figuratively, the ftrained liquor of a plant, or other ingredient, boiled in water. DECOC'TURE, S. a preparation or fub- fiance formed from boiling ingredients in wa- iter. DECOLLA'TION, S.<f«co//flf/u, Lat.J the aft of beheading, DECOMPO'SITE,Adj. [J«ow/io;7rKJ,Lat.] compounded a fecond lime ; compounded ol" a thing already compounded. DECOMPOSI'TION, S. [See DECOM- POSITE] ihe aft of compounding things ; which were compounded before. To DECOMPOUND, V. A. [deconpoKo, Lat.] to compofc of things already compt,und- ed to compound a fecond time j to form by a fecond compofition. DECOMPOU'MD, Adj. compofed of words, thingF, or ideas already compounded ; comoouiided a fecond lime. ToDECO'RATE, V. A. [decoratum, fu- pine of dec^o, Lat.] to fet off or adorn with ornaments. DECORA'TION, S. an ornament, or a thing which, by being added, gives both grace and^heanty to another. DE'COP>.ATOR, S. one who adorns or embellilhes. DE'COROUS, Adj. [deaP-us, Lat.J fuit- able, or agreeable to the charafter, dignity, or perfeftions of a perfon ^r thing j becom- ine. ToDECO'RTICATE, V. A, [deccrtlca- tum, fupine of deconico, Lat.] to diveft or flrip off the Satk or hulk ; to peel. DECORTICATION, S. the aft of ftrip- pine a thing of its batk or hufk. DECO'RUM, S. [Lat.J a behaviour pro- per or fuitabie to the charafter and abilities of a perfon, ccnfifting likewife of a due ob- fervance of the eftablifhed rules of politenefs and gracefulnefs. To DLCO'y, V. A. [koey, Belg. a cage] to lure or intice into acjge j to draw into a a fnare. Figuratively, to feduce a perfon by lurements. DECO'V, S. a place adapted for drawing ■wild fowl into fnare?. Figuratively, allure- ment 3 tem^Mation j a fnare. A decoy-duck, DEC is one that is bred or trained to bring others into a fnare. To DECRE'ASE, V. N. [decrefco, Lat. de- Ltoitre., Fr.J to become !efs either in length, weight, force, or bulk 5 to diminifh. Aftive- ly, fo make lei's. DECRE'ASE, S. the fiate of growing lefs ; decay. In Aftronomy, the wain 5 the change made in the face of the moon from its full, till it refurns to full again. To DECRE'E, V. N. yecretum, Lat. de- cree, Fr.J to eftjblifli by law ; to refolve. Ac- tively, to afJign or difpofe of a thing by law. DECRE'E, S, [da-nt, Tr.deaetum, Lat.] a law 5 an eflablilTied rule. In Law, the de- termination of a fuit. In Canon Lav/, an or- dinance eftablil'hed by tlie peue, by and with. the advice of ilie cardinals aflembled in coun- cil, without application from anv peifon. DECRE'MENT, S. [decremenlum, Lat.] the ftate of becoming lefs 5 the quantity loft by decay. DECRE'PIT, Adj, [decrepltus, Lat.] waft- ed, worn out, and enfeebled by age ; in the laft flage of decay. To 'DECRE'PITATE, V. A. [deo-epo, Lat.] to calcine fjlts on the fire, till they ceafe to crackle or make a noife. DECREPITA'TION, S. the crackling noife made by fait, when put over a fire in a crucible. DECRE'PITNESS, orDECRE'PITUDE, S. the we.iknefs attending old age ; the laft flags of dvcay. DECRE'SCENT, Part, [dccrefctns, Lat.] becoming lefs ; in a flate ol decay. DECRE'TAL, Adj. \decretum, Lat. ap- pertaining, belonging, or relating to a decree. A decretal cpijlle, is that which the pope de- crees either by himfelf, or by the advice of cardinals, on his being confulted thereon by fome particular perfon, DECRE'TAL, S. a letter or reftrift of the pope, by which fome point in the ecclefiafti- cal law is folved or determined ; a book of de- crees or laws. DECRE'TIST, S. one who fludies orpro- fefles the knowlc-dga of the decretals. DECRE'TORY, Adj. judicial ; final; de- cifive ; critical, or that \\mi in which fome definitive event will happen. DECRI'AL, S. f from decry, the endeavour- ing to lelfen any thing in the efteem of.lhe public; cenfure ; cndemnatlon. To DE'CRV, V. A. [dejcner, Fr.] tocen- fure, blame, x>r invei^'h againft a thing; to endeavour to lefTen the efteem the public has DECU'MBENCE, or DECUM'BENCY, S. [duumleKS, particip. of decun:ho, Lat.] the aft or poflure of lying down. " They lie not down, and enjoy no decumbence at all." Brown. DECUM'BITURE, S. the time at which a psrlon takes to his bed in a difeafe. In Aftrologyj D E F DEED'LESS, Adj. unaftive j without do- ing any thing. To DEEM, V. N. [part, dumtd, formerly dempt ; from deman, S.x, domgan Gcth. dte- nian, Belg. (eg. dame, Id. J to judge j to tbiok ; to determine on due conlideration. DEEM'STER, S. [from dtent] a judge, ftill u'ea in Gucrnfey and Jerfey. DEEP, Aoj. [deop, deope, S?x. diip, Belg.] ihat which has length meafured downwards from its furface. Applied to ficuation, low j below the furface, or me:>fured from the fur- face dowawards. Figuratively, piercing far j far from the entrance. Deep ambufti'd in her filentden." D'^yd. Not to be difcover- ed at firft: fight ; not obvious. " The fenfe lies deep." Locke, Sagacious, penetrating, profound, learned. " He's meditating with two dtep divines." Shakfp. Artful, grave. Dark, aoplieJ to colourj. Exceffive, ^'^ Deep poverty." z Cor. viii. 2. Bafs, or grave, ap- plied to founds. DEEP, S. [dieple, Belg. a whirlpool] the fea. Joined to night, the mofl advancid and ftilleft part thereof j micoight. To DEE/PEN, V. A. to fink far below the lurfdce. Applied to colours, to darken j to cloud ; to m^ke a /hade darker. To increafa the dolefulners of a found. DEE'PLY, Adv. to a great diftance below the furface ; with great ftudy, application, and penetration, oppoled ^ofuperfic'ially. Sor- rowfully ; profoundly ; with a great degree or forrow, melancholy, or fadnefs, when ufed with words exprefiing grief. In a high de- gree ; excelTively ; vaftJy. DEEP-MOU'THED, Adj. having a hoarfa loud vnice, or uttering a hollow, loud found, .PEE'P.NESS, S. diftance or fpace meafured To DE'DUCE, V. A. [deduco, Lat,] toifror^i tiic I'u-face downwards, defctibe in a continual or connedted feries, fo| ;>£ER, S. [deer, S-x. d'r.^, Dan. d^r. If). DEE AArolofy, a fcheme of the heavers, by v/hich the progftoftics of a perfon's recovery or death ■were difcovered from the time of his firfl taking to his bed. " If her eye but akes or itches its decumbiture ftie takes." Dryd. DE'CUPLE, Adj. [decuplus, Lat.] tenfold j the fame number repeated ten times. DECU'RION, S. [decurio, Lat.} an ofEcer who had the command of ten perfons. DECUR'SION, S. [decurjus, Lat.] the aft of running or flowing down. DECURTATION, S. the aft of cutting fhort, or fhortening- To DECU'SSATE. V. A. [decuffatum, fu- pine of decujfo, Lat.] to interfeft, or crofs at tight angles. DECUSSA'TION, S. the aft of crofilng, or the flate of being croffcd at right a.igles ; the point in which two lines crofs each other. ToDE'DICATE, V. A. [dedhatum, fu- pine of dtdico, Lat.] to devots, appropriate, or fct a thing alide for divine ui'es. Figur.itively', to appropriate peculiarly to a defign or pur- pofe ; to infer! he to a patron. DE'DICATED, Part, or Adj. [didicaius, Lat.] appropriated or devoted to a particular ufe. DEDICA'TION, S. the aft of confeerating or appropriating fome place or thing loleiy Co divine ufes ; the addrefs of an author to his patron, and prefixed before his work, DEDiC A'TOR, S. one who afcribes a work to a patrcj. DEDICATOR Y,Adj. compofing, belong- ing to, or in the (tile of a dedication. DEDl'TiON, S. [deditio, Lat ] the aft of furrendering to an enemy. " It was not a complete conquefl:, but rather a dedition" Hale. f that one thiijg fliall introduce another j to fer by reafon from certain propofitions, which are piemifed. DEDU'CEMENT, S. that which is col- lefted or inferred froin any premifes. DEDU'CIBLE, Adj. to be inferred or dif- covered from principles lud down. DEDU'CIVE, Adj. performing the aft of deduftion ; inferring or collefting from prin- ciples or propofitions already hid down. To DE'DUCT, V. A. {dtduaum, fupine of deJuco, Lat. J to fubttaft, or ta.'ce away. DEDU'CTION, S. a confequenoe or infe- rence d.-awn by reafon from feme principles laid down j that which is fubtrafted or taken awav from any fum or number, &c. DEDU'CTIVE, Adj. that which may Le deduced or inferred from any propofuion laiii down or premifed. DEDU'CTIVELY, Adv. hy way of infe- rence, or colleftint; one truth from another. _ DEED, S. [dted. Sax. Ja^d Be!g.] an ac tion, or tiling donej an exploit j writteii evi- dence of any legal aft 5 faft 5 reality. thier, Teut. S-s, Gr.] in Natural Hi'ftory, a clafs of animals, the males of which have their heads' adorned with branching horns, and are k^at for hunting ; when killed, their flefli is called veuifon, and their fpecies are- various. To DE'FACE, V, A. [defahe, Fr.] to de- ftroy ; ruin ; to disfigure. DEFA'CEMENT, S. the aft of disfigur- ing. " The image of God is purity, and the defacement, hr." Bac. DEF.VCER, S. one who deftroy,^ or dif- flgures any thing. DEFAi'LANCE, S. {defaiUar.ce, Fr.] fal- luie ; mifcarriage ; difappointment. " The authors of that unhappy dcfaUance." Glanv,, Not in ufe. ToDEFA'LCATE, [defahuf, Fr. frooi ftilx, falcls, Lat. a fickle] to cut, or lop oft" 5. to take away or abridge part of i perfon's penfion or fahuy. Moil commonly applied to money affairs, DEf Al.CA'TION.^S. diminutio.i ,il^^ridg- a\(un uf 4riv culloma.iy allowance. D E F To Dl'FALK, V. A. [from Jt/akate] to lop or cut oft'; to abridge. DEFAMATION, S. the uttering of re- proachful fpeeches, or reproachful language of any one, wi'.h an intent to leflen his cha- rafter, and deftroy his reputation. DEFAMA'TORY, Adj. tending to leffen the charaifter, or ruin the reputation of another. To DETAME, V. A. [from de and famu, Lat. fame or rep-utation] to uttex words againft a perfon or thing, with an intent to leHen his reputation, or render it infamous. DEFA'MER, S. one who aflerts things injurious to \hs reputation of another, with an intention to render liim infamous. DSFAU'LT, S. [de/Mut, Fr.] omiffion of what ought to be done ; neglefl j fault. To DEFAU'LT, V. A. to fail ; or not perform fomething promifed or contradled ; to forfeit by breaking a contraft. DEFE'ASANCE, S. [defaljance, Fr.] the aft of annuUing or rendering a contraft void. DEFE'ASIBLE, Adv. [from defatre, Fr.J that which maybe annulled, abrogated, let alide, or made void. DEFE'AT, S. [from defaire, Fr.] the over- throw of an army j an aft of deitruftion ; deprivation- To DEFE'AT, V, A. [from the noun] to beat or overthrow an army. Figuratively, to fruftrate ; to difapooint. DEFE'ATURE', S. [from de and fiature] the aft of disfiguring or fpoiling the features of a perfon. '* Time's deformed hand hath written ftrange defeature on my face." Shak, To DETECATE, V. A. \d:facatum, fu- pine of defacG, Lat.] to purge or clear liquors from dregs or foulnelTe:. Figuratively to clear truth from any thing which rendcisic obfcure, to purify from any grofs mixture, to brigh- ten. DE'FECATE,Adj. [ J^/krarw, Lat.] clear- ed, or puiified from lees or fotilnefles. DEFECA'TION, S. the aft of clearing or purifying from lees or foulnefs. DETECT, Sr[dcfeaus, Lat.] the abfence of fomething which a thing ought to havs; failing ; want ; a miftake or error, applied to the underftanding. A fault, applied to moral conduft. To DEFE'CT, V- N. [de/ec/urr, fupine of itfu'io, Lat.] to be deficient. DEFECTIBI'LITY, S. a (bte of failing; deficiency; imperfeftion. " Tht deftn'ibUity ©f the conneftion." Hah. DEFEC'TIELE, Adj. imperfeft ; deficient ; wanting in fomething which a thing ought to have. DEFE'CTION, S. {deftEi'w, Lat.] failure ; apoffacy ; rebellion, or abandoning one's duty to a icing or date. > , DEFECTIVE, Adj. [dtfiB\vui, Lat.] not having all the ijujii;i-s or pov/ers vvhich are requifite ;, faulty ; biameable. Dtfeffi've nouns •t -Jerks, in Grammar, are fuch as hitve r.«( D E F fome cafes, numbers, perfons, tenfes, or moods. DEFECTIVENESS, S. wanting fomething which a perfon or thing ought to have } a rtate of imperfeftion. DEFE'NCE, S. [defenfe, Fr. defenfio, Lat.] the method ufed to iecure a perfon againft the attack of an enemy ; guard ; proteftion ; fe- curity } refiftance; vindication; juftificaiion; or the reply made by a perfon, in order to clear himfelf from a crime laid to his charge. DEFE'NCELESS, Adj. deftitute of the means of repulfing ; unable to refift. To DEFE'ND, V. A. [dcfendo, Lat. de- fcndre, Fr.J to proteft ; to fupport ; to Iecure ; to forbid. " His tafte of that aV- fended fruit." Par, Loji. To vindicate or juftify. E)!LFE'NDABLE, Adj. that which may be maintained or fecured againft the attacks of an enemy j that which may be vindicated or iiiftified. DEFE'NDANT, S. he that endeavours to beat ofi' an enemy, or to hinder a place from falling into his hands. In Law, the perfon who is profecuted or fued. DEFE'NDER, S. one who protefts a place or perfon againft an enemy ; one who endea- vours to anfwer the objedtions raifed againft any truth or doftrine. DEFENSA'TIVE, S. that which is made ufe of to fecure a perfon or place againft the attack of an enemy; defence; guard. In Surgery, a bandage or plafter to fecure a wouijf' from outward violence. DEFEN'SIBLE. Adj. capable of refifting an enemy ; vindicating from any crime or af- perfion. DEFE'NSIVE, Adj. [defenff, Fr.] only proper for defence. DEFE'N.SIVELV, Adv. in fuch a manner as to gu.ird againft the defigns or attacks of an enemy. To DE'FF.R, V. N. [deferro, Lat.] to put off to another time ; to delay. DE'FF.R KNCE, S. [Fr.] regard or refpeft paid to rank, age, or fuperior talents j com- plailjpce ; iubmilfion. DEF!'.\NC£, -S. [defiance, Fr.] a chal- lenge or call upon a perlon to make good an acculation ; a contemptuous difregard. DEFI'CltNCE, or DEFICIENCY, S, [dcjlc'io, Lat. J the wane of fomething which a perfon or thing Ihould have j an imperfec- tion ; failure ; or defeft. DEFI'CIENT, A(ii. [defaens, Lat.] im- perfeft. Dijicieiit -veibs or nouns. See DE- FECTIVE. Defcieni numhers, in Arithme- tic, are thofe whofe aliquot parts, being add- ed together, maice lefs than the integer or number iti'elf, thus i, z, 4, which arc parts of 8, make only 7. DE'FIER, S. a challenger ; a contemner; one who dares a perfon to make good a charge. T« D E F To DEFI'LE, V. A. {afylan, Sax.] to render a thing foul, unclean, or impure j to pollute ; to be guilty of any fin againft the purity of the mairiage bed, or the chaftity of a virgin ; to commiC any crime that fhall ful- ly our charafter. To DEFI'LE, V. N, [dtffi'.er, Fr.] to march «r feparate in files, aoolied to an army. DEFI'LE, S. [diffile. Fr.] a narrow pafs where few men can m.'rch abreaft. DEFI'LEiMENT, S. ih^t which renders a thing foul or nafty 5 that which pollutes or corrupts the virtue of a perfon. DEFI'LER, S. one who pollutes the chaftity of a perfon ; one who a£\s inconfiflent with the puricv or facrerfnefs ot a perfon or thing. DEFI'NABLE, Adj. [from define] that which may be defined j that which may be afceriained. To DEF'IME, V. A. [definer, Fr. defimo, Lat.J to explain a thin^ or word by the enu- meration of its properties or qualities, fo a', to diftinguifli it from every thing of the fame kind. DEFI'NER, S. a perfon who explains the nature of a thing or wor,-! by enumerating all ! its properties, fo as to difiinguifti it from all sthers of the fame kind. .DEFINITION, S. [Fr. d-fimth, Lat.] an enumeration of all the fimple ideas of which a complex worl or idea confills, in order to diftinguifti, afcertain, or explain its nature. A nominal definition, is that which explains the fenfe orfignification of a word, A real defini- tion, is an enumeration of the principal attri- butes, of a thing, in order to exphin its na- ture. In Rhetoric, a ihort explanation of a thing. DEFINITIVE, Adj. [def.nitivui, Lat.] ex- prels ; pofitive j decifivs j free from ambi- guity, doubt, or uncertainty. DEFl'NrnVELY, Adv. in a pofnive, ex- prefs, or decifive manner. DEFI'NITIVENESS, S. decifivenefs; or a ftnte free from amhi^viity or doubt. DEFLAGR ABILITY, S. [from defiafrro, Lat.J the quality of caking fire and burning entirely away. DEFLAGRATION, S \deflagyatw,\.i\..'\ ' lu Chemiftry, the a<ft of fetiing fir:toa thing, which will burn till it is entirely conlumsd. To DEFLE'Cr, V. N. [d^fteci^, Lat.J to turn afiJe from its true ^lirefiion ; 10 bend. DEFLE'CTION, S. \ tto ^-i defl^.'JIo, Lat,] the adl of deviating or turning afide from its proper courfe, point, or direflion. DEFLE'XURE, S. [from defi.nio, Lat.] a bending downwards ; the adt or ttate of a thing turned alide. DEFLORATION, S. [Ft. d,f,^ya(us,L^t.] the aft of deflourins, or violating trie chaftity of a virgin. Figuratively, a lelst^it«ii of the flowers or moft valuable partt of a thing or colle'Tiion. D E G violates a virgin by afts of immoitRj. F'gti- ratively, take away the btau'y cr grace ot * thing. DEFLOU'RER, S. a ravi/her; or one wha violates the chai'tity of a virgin. DEFLU'XION, S. [dfiuxi:}, Lat.] frota defiuo, Lat.] the aft of flowing down. DEFOE'DATION, S. [df/tad;::, Lat.] the aft of renderinj foul or filthy, DEFORCH/MENT,[from de and fons] in Law, the aft of with-holding land or tene- ments fiom the right owner. To DEFO'RM, V. A. [deformo, Lat.] to disfigure, or fpoil the beauty or iliape of any ihins ; to make difsgreeible to the fight, DEFORMATION, .S. [dcfomano, Lat.] the aft of fpoiling the fhapc or beauty of a thins, or making it difagreeabte to the Ciph.i. DEYO'RM-ED, A<ij..[defor»:is, Lat.] void of fymmetry of pjrts, fl^rijgh^nels of ilupe, or pleafingnefs of appearance ; disfigured ^ crooktd. DEFO'RMEDLY, Adv. in an ugly man- ner. DEFO'RMITY, S. [def,rmi:ps, Lat.] the appeara.ice of a thing which has loft its beauty, gracefulnefs, or regularity. Fitnirs- tlvely, deviation from the ftandarJ of moral perfeftion and obedience. DEFO'RSER, S. [fo-ca,r, Fr.] in Law, one that overcomes or drives out by fcrcp. To DEFR.AUD, V. A. [defraudo, Lat.] to deprive a perfon of his property by fame fal'e appearance, fraud, ©r trick. • DEFRAU'DER, S. a perfon who deprives another of what belonas "to him, by fome trick, or falfe appearance. ToDEFRA'Y, V. A. [defrayer, Fr.] to pay or dilcharge exppnces. DEFT, Adj. [dJft, Sax ] nsat ; handfjme ; fprbce; proper. " That's the rf^-yvf/i v/ay." Shak. Dextrous. " So dift at his n'.w nn- niftry." Diyd. Sprightly ^ ni-nble ; aftive. " My cur. Tray, pl.iys dcfnfl feit.-;." Gay. DE'FTLY, Adv. in a neat or ficilful man- ner. '• Deftly tune the reed." Gav. DEFU'NCT, Adj. [dtfunaus, Lat.] dead j expired, DEFU'NCT, S. one who is dead. To DE'FY.V. A. \defiir, Fr.J to challeng; to fiftht ; to treat with coniemot. DEGE'NERACY, S. [deyr.c'atio, Lat.J the afting unwo'thy of one's anccftors. Figu- ratively, the leaving of a moral conduft for an immoral one ; meamels, whcre'jy 4 ptr'.jn lofes all fenfe of the d'j'nity of his n.iturc. ToDEGENERATE, V. N. [deginerMwn, lupine of degenero, Lat. dercrcyer, Fr.] to fall 'rom the reputation or virtues of one's ar\- cefttTS J to finlc from a noLli to a bafe ftate, Fo prow wild or bjfc, app! eJ to veeetible*. DEGENE'RA 1 E,\dj. [de^er.er, Lit] un- like one's anccilors in vir:u";s ; unworthv 5 orrupteJ ; h/ vine loft its vilue, or tlie diilin- To DEFLOU'R, V, A. [Jtfiortr, Fr.J to guifhjng properties of its fr'Ctics DEGfi- DE J DEL DBGPNERATENESS, S, corruption, jj^if/jB of appetite." Arbuih. In Phyfic, a whereby a perfon has loft the dignity or vir tues of his anccftors, or a thing its excellen- cies j depravity. DEGENERA'TION, S. a "deviation from the virtues of one's anccftors ; a finking fiom a ftate of excellence to one of lefs warth ; changing or lofine the properties of its kind. To DEGLU'TINATE, V. A. \dagher, pr.] to ungliie, to fotien, DEGLU'TIMATION, S. the afl of un gluing or foftening. DEGLUTI'TION, S. [deglutjo, Lat.J the aft or power cf fwallowing. DEGRADA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of depriving a man of any office, employ, or dig- nity. Figuratively, depravation, or a change from a more perfect and honourable to a low and mean flate. In Painting,- the lefl'ening and confufing of the figures in a piaurc or difcliatgeof the excrements. DEIFjCA'TION, S. the aft of afcribing divine honours to a perfon j and wprfhipping hinr. as a go.). DEl'FpRM, Adj. [from ieut, Lat. a god, ?inif(jrtna, liat. a fliape] of a god-like form. To DEl'FY, V. A. [deljier, Fr.] to make a gnd ; to adore as a god ; to r^nk among the deities. Figuratively, to praife too much ; to extol a perfon unbecoming a mortal. To DEIGN, V. N. f pronou;ired da'tn, from dai^ncr, Fr. of digncr, Lat.] to condefcend j to vouch fafe. Adtively, to grant a fa.vpuv ; to permit. " We deign him burial of his men." bhak. DEI'GNiNG, S. a condefcenfion ; permlf- fion ; granting a favour. DE'ISM, S, \dajme, Fr.] the doftrine or landfkip, as they would appear to the eye at al opinion of thofe, vsrho own the belief of a fuppofed diftanc.-. To DEGRA'iDE, V. A. [degradcr, Ti.j to deprive a perfon of any ofTicc, or dignity ; t» leflTen the value of a,thing. DEGREE', S. [d'-g'^'!, Fr. from gradus ; Lat. quality, rank, condition, or dignity, flate or condition of a thing, wjiich may be either heightened or lowered, incieafed or di- minifhed J meafure ; proportion; or quantity. In Geometry, the 360th part of the circum- ference of a circle. In Chtmiftry, a greater or lefs intcnfenelV nf heat. In Canon Law, an interval in kinfhip, from whence nearnefs or remotecefs cf blood are computed. In T.lufic, the little in'erva'.s which compofethe concords. The different orders or clafTcs of the angelic bodies. In the Univerfity, a dig- nity or title conferred on perfcns who are oJ a certain ftanding, and have performed the cx- ercifes required by the ftatues, which entitles ;hern to c'fitain privileges, prece^knce, &c. By DEGi^EE S,<. Adv. grarfually. To DEHO'RT, v. A. [d.hoior, Lat.] to diiluade, "o advife to the contrary. DEHORTA'llON, S. a dilfuafion ; argu- ment ufcd to keep a perfon from alVenting to any doiSrine, or frosn crmrr.itting any aftion. DEI'CIDE.'S. [from da;s, Lat. God, and cado, Lat. to flay] the crime of murdering a deity or god, applied only to the death ol our bleflcd S..viour. ToDE'JECT, V. A. [d.-jcFfum, fupine ot eeikio, Lat.j to cift down, or render lorrow- ful, or mtlancholv. DEJE'CTED, Fart, or Adj. [dcjeBui, Lat.j caft down ; afflided with iome difappoint- ment 5 mournful 5 mebr.choly. DEJE'CTEDLY, Adv. in a dull, forrow- firl, or mournful manner. , DEJE'CTEDNESS, S. theftate of a perfon who grieves and is cift down, on account ot fome great lofs or airiippi>!ntmeiir. DEJECTION, S. a lownefs of fpirlts, a.'Hidllon j lo!», or an impaired liatc. ■ ' Df- God, hut deny l^ij having ever given, or the probability of his ever giving, a re. elation. DE'IST, S. [deijh, Fr.j a perfon who be- lieves the exiftence of God, but denies all re- velation in general. DEl'STICAL, Adj. belonging to the opi- nion ot one who denies all revealed religion. _ DEI'TY, S. [dJiu', Fr. from d/uai, Lat.] divinity J the nature and efTence of God ; aii idol or fuppofed divinity ; an heathen god. DELAP'SED, P.rt. [diLpfui, part.^of </;. labcr, Lat.j in Phylic, bearing or falling down, applied to the womb. DELA'TION, S. the aft of carrying, or conveying. " The dWon'sn of founds." Bjc. An accuUtion, charge, inapeachment, or in- formation, DELA'TOR, S. [Lat.] an accufer, or in- former. " iVIen have proved their own dc' iators.'"'' Government cf tbt Torguc, To DELAY', V. A. \delaya-, Fr.] to de- fer or put off the cooing of a thing till ano- ther time j to keep another long in fafpence or expedfation, Neuterly, to flop ; to ceafe from action. DELAYS, S. the aft of deferring or putting off the f exformance of an aft to foirre other time. Figuratively, a ftay ; a ftop. DELAY'ER, S. one who defers the doing a thing ; a putter off. DELECTABLE, Adj. [delef?abilis, Lat.J afl'ordine pleafurc or delight to the fcnfes. DELE'CTABLENESS, S. pleaf.intnefs. DELECTA'BLY, Adv. in futh a manner as to afford plealure. DELE'GATE, V. A. [delegatum, fupine of dilego, Lat.j to fend away ; to intrulf ; to com- municate authority. In Law, to appoint - judges to determine a paiti^uLr caufe. DELE'GA.TE, S. [dde^Mus, L?t.] any perfon authorized to aft for another, in Law, applied to per/ons appointed by the king's commifiitn to fit on an appeal to him in the ' court of Qhajiswy. fhc court of Delegates, DEL IS that wherein all caufes of appeal from either of the archbifhops are decided. DELE'GATE, AJj. [delegatus, Lat.'\ de- puted or authorized to judge or tranfaft bufi- nefs for another. DELE'GATION, S. [Jelegath, Lat.] the aft of appointing ; the afTignment of a debt to another. In Law, commiirnn given a judge to determine focne caufe, which would not Otherwife come before him. DELETE'RIOUS, Adj. [deletenus, Lat. S'ljXsfc), Gr.J noxious j deadly ; fatal ; applied, by naturalifts, to fuch things as are of a per- nicious nature. DEPLETORY, Adj. Idekterlus, Lit.] de- ftruftive; deadly; poifonous. DELFT, orDELPH, S. [del/an, Sax. to dig J a mine ; a quarry ; or large cavity formed by digging. " The dc/j's would be overflown." Ray, A delfofcoal, is that which lies in veins uider ground. In heraldry, one of the abate ments in "honour, being a fquare in the middle «f an efcutcheon, likcwife named a delf-tcrif and is ufed to denote cowardice. Gljzed earthen ware, imir^ting china, fo called from being made at Delftland. ToDELI'BERATE, V, N. {deliheratum, fupine of del/hero, Lat.] to weigh in the mind; to ponder upon. Figuratively, to hefitate. DELFBERATE, Adj. [deliberatus, Lat.] circumlpecl 5 difcrect; wary ; confidering the nitureof a thing before' the making a choice. Figuratively, flow ;- tedious. DELIBERATELY, Adv. in a circum- fpeft, wary, or difcreeC manner j with due confiderati;-n. DEl.I'BERATENESS, S. circumfpeftionj coolnefs ; caution. DELIBERA'TIOM, S. [dellbeiailo, Lat.] the aft of confidering things before an under- taking or making choice. DELIBERATIVE, Adj. [delibcratl'vus, Lat. J relating to confideration, or premedita- tion ; with thought or caution. DE'LICACY, S. {delicateje, Fr. of deli- citx, Lat.] daintinefs ; or taftc /hewn in eat- ing ; any thingvwnich affefts the fenfes with great pJeafure ; elegant foftnefs of form ; nicety, or minute accuracy. Genteel neat- nefs, applied to drefs. Politenefs of beha- viour; indulgence, which produces weak- nefs ; tendernefs ; weaknefs of conftitution ; a difpofition which is fhocked with any excefs. DE'LICATE, Adj. {deUcat, Fr.] fine, or confifl:ing of minute parts ; beautiful or pleaf- jng to the eye ; nice or pleafant to the tafte j dainty, or nice in the choice of food ; choice; feleft; polite; or rigoroufly obfer- vant of the maxims of good breedinf; ; foft, efleminate, or unable to bear hardfhips ; pure ; free from foulnel's ; clear. ♦' The air is de- luater Skak. DL'LICaTELY, Adv. in a beautiful Planner. " Fine by defeft, and ddkatelj DEL weak." Pope. Finely, oppofed to coarfely. Daintily ; liixurioufly, " Eat not de'iiatsly or nicely." Taylor^ Choicely j politely ; effe- minately. DELI'CATENESS, S. foftnefs ; effemi- nacy ; too great an effeftation of elegance. DE'LICATES, S. niceties, rarities, applied to food. DELI/CIOUS, Adj. [.Wywv, Fr.] giving exquifite pleafure to the fenfes, or to the mind. DELPCIOUSLY, Adv. in an el?gant or luxurious manner, applied to food or drefs ; in luch a manner as to convey a rapturous pleafure. DE'LICIOUSNESS, S. the quality of af- fording exquifite pleafure to the fenfes, or t» the mind. DELIGA'TION, S, {ddtgatw, Lat.] the confining the parts of a thing together by binding, DELI'GHT, S, {ddehe. Span, ddice, Fr. deleBor, Lat.] that which affords an agreeable pleafure or fatisfaftion to the mind or the fenfes. To DELIG'HT, V. A. \dekaor, Lat. di- knare, Ital.] to take pleafure in the frequent repetition or enjoyment of a thing \ to fa- tisfy. Neuterly, to be pleafed, fatisfied or contented. DELI'GHTFUL, Adj. that which affords great pleafure to the fenfes or mind. DELIGHTFULLY, Adv. in luch a man- ner as to charm or afford pleafure, fatisfac- tion, and content. DELIGHTFULNESS; S. pleafure, fatif- faftion, gratification, arifing from the fre- quent repeticion, fight, or enjoyment of a thing ; the quality of communicating plea- fure either to the fenfes or mind. DELIGHTSOME, Adj. affording great pleafure. DELFGHTS0ME;.Y, Adv. in fuch a manner as to afford great pleafure. DELI'GTHSOMENESS, S. the quality of affefting with great pleafure. To DELI'NEATE, V. A. {deVineo, Lat.] to draw the firft /ketch ; to defign ; to ))a!nc a refemblance. Figuratively, to defcribe in a lively and accurate manner. DELINEA'TION, S. the firfl draught of a thing. Figuratively, a defcriprinn. DELI'NQUENGY, S. {delin^uenua, Lat.] a failure ; or the omiluon of a duty ; a thing done wilfully ag.iinft any known law. DELINQUENT, .S. \dehnqium, Lat.] one who has committed feme crime or fault ; an offender. To DELI'QUATE, V. N. [^f%aw. Lit,] to melt ; to be dilTolved. DELIQUA'TION, S. {dellquath, Lat.] the aft of melting or diffolving j a folulian, or the fl:ate of a thing melted. DELl'QUIUM, S. [Lat.] in Chemiftry, the aft of diftilling by means of fite ; but ^ ir.ore DT L more properly the diffoiving or mehing a fait or calx, by (ufpending it in a moift place. DELI'RIOUS, Acj. [dfliriu!, Lat.] light- ly caJed } raving from the violence of lome difordcr. Figuratively, dealing. DELI'RIUM, S.' (Lat.J in Phyfic, akind of phrenfy, or niadntfs, caufed grnerally in fevers, by too impeiuous a nioiion ot the blood, lo far altering the fecretion of the brain, as to diforder the whole nervous fyftem. To DELI'VER, V, A. [deliverer, Fr.] to give a petfon a thing which was given for that purpofe by another. Joined with into, to furrender or give up. joined to fioi/i, to free fiom any danger or calamity. To pro- iiounce, to relate, applied to difcouifeor read- ing. To bring into the world, ufed with of. Adively, to furrender, to put into a perfon's hands, or leave to his difcretion. To ddh-er d:ivn, or ever, to tianfmit or convey any iranfaftion by means of writing. To dd'tvcr up, to furrender, to give up, or expofe. DELI'VERANCE, S. {deli-vrance, Fr.] the a£t of giving or fiirrendering a thing to another ; the aft of freeing a perfon from ciDtivity, impiifonment, danger or dilbefs ; the aft or manner of pronoiincing or fpeak- ing J the aft of bringing childien into the world. DELIVE'RER, S. one who gives a thing ii\to the hands of another, or conveys it to the place oroered j one who frees another from danger, diftrefs, captivity or imprifon- naent ; ene who pronounces a fct fpecch, or relates a thing. DELI'VER Y, S. the aft of giving or fur. rendering a thing to another; a releale from dar.ger, bondage, imprifonment, or diftrefs ; pronounciatio^, or manner of fpeaking j the bringing a fectus cr child from the womb. DELPH, S. [from Delft, the capital of Delft-land] a phzed fort ot earthen wjre. DEL'TOinfe, S. [from JhXtb, Gr. the rame of the fourth letter of the Greek al- phabet, and 51?©-, Gr. ftiape, fo called from JLS refembling that letter] in Anatomy, ap- plied to the triangular mufcle of the flioulder. which refembles the Greek capital A. DELU'DABLE, Adj. liable to be deceived, impofed on, or drawn afide. To DELU/DE, V. A. \dtludo, Lat.] to beguile i to deceive or fedute by falfe preten- ces. Figuratively, to difappoinr. DELU'DER, S. one who deceives, impofes OP, beguiles, or feduccs another by falfe ap- pearances or prelenits. To DELVE, N. A. [del-ven, Belg. See DtLl ] to dig, or open the ground with a fp d-. Fit;iiratlvety, to found one's opinion ; to fathom ; to ^et the bouom of an jiTair. *' ] cannot dtli/e him to the root." Shak, DEL'VER, S. a digger, or one who opens tilt t;iound with a fpade, or pick-ax, &■<:, DEL'UGE, S. [Tr. from d'liui-'tum, Lat ] DEM in Natural Hiftory, a flood or inunda'ion of water covering the earth, either in the whole or in part. Figuratively, the overflowing of a river beyond its natural bounds ; any fudden ai«i irrefiftible calamity ; any corruption, or depravation, which fpreads far and quickly. To DE'LUGE, V. A. to drown, or lay en- tirely under water ; to overflow with water. Figuratively, to overwhelm with any great and encreafing calamity. DELU'SION, S. [delufio, Lat.] the aft of impofing on a perfon by fome falfe appear- ance. Figuratively, a falfe appearance, or iilufion, which leads a perfon into an error or miftakc. DELU'SIVE, Adj. [delujus, Lit.] capable of deceiving or impofmg upon. DE'LUSORY, Adj. [from delujui, Lat.] apt to deceive. DE'MAGOGUE, S. from Je.vc©', the peo- ple, and a.yu, Gr. to lead] the ringleader or head of a laftion, or tumult of the commoa people. DEMA'IN, DEME'AN, or DEME'SNE, S. [(/trwdin, Fr.] in Law, that land which a man holds originally of himfelf, oppofed to fee, or that which is held of a fuperior lord. DEMA'ND, S. [demande, Fr. demandare, Ital.] the a/king of a thing with authority ; claim ; enquiry after, in order to buy. In Law, the afking of what is due. To DEMA'ND, V. A. [dtmander, Ft.] to claim 5 to alk for with authority ; to a/k or queftion. In Law, to profecute in a real aftion. DEMA'NDABLE, Adj. that which may be claimed as a due, or aiked for with autho- rity. DEMA'NDANT, S. in Law, the plantifF in a real afti(yi. D£ M A'NDER, S, one who claims a thing ; one whoa/ks with authority ; one th«t afks for a thing in order lo purchafe it ; one who afJts for a debt. To DEME'AN, V. [dtmeaner, Fr. Jitnenrre, Ital.] to behave. Figuratively, to lelTen, de- bale, or uiidervdlue ; to do any thing below one's charjfter or rank. DEME'ANOUR, S, [demener, Fr.] beha- viour; carriage ; the manner of afting, DEMENT A'TION, S. madnefs, or lofing one's reafon. To DEME'RGE, V. A. [deinergero, Lat.] to plunge, fink down, or diown. . DEME'RiT, S. [devieritejYt.} the want of merit J behaviour dcfcrving blame or pu- nifliment. To DEME'RIT, V. A. [demerutr, Fr.] to aft contrary to one's duty, and thereby de- lerve both bhmc and difgrace. DEME'RSION, S. [demerfc, Lat.] the aft of plunging under the w»ter, or drowning. In Cljemiftry, tlie putting any thing into a dilVolving liquor or menflruum. Dli'MI, an inft; -rable particle [Fr. from ' dim'idium. DEM fliptUium, Lat.] half ; one part of a thing which is divided equally in two j a word ufed only in compofition, DE'MI-BASTION, S. in Fortiiication that which has only ons taccj and one flank. DE'Mi-CANNON, in GpnHeiy, is of three fizes ; firft, that which carries a ball «f thirty pound weight j ihe Q^an^ete^■ of its bore is fix inches 2-8ihs. Second, the de/rji-cannon ordinary is fix inches 4-3ths bore, twelve feet long, and carries a (hot fix imhes i-Cth dia- meter, 31 lb, weight. Third, the liemi- cannon of the largeft f.zt, is fix inches 6-8ths diameter in the bore, twelve feet long, and carries a ball of fix inches 6-8ihs diameter, and g6 lb. weight. DEMl'CULVERINE, S. in Gunnery, is from four to four inches 3-^ah5 bnre, from ttn to ten feet irthiid long, and from aooo to 3000 lb. weight : its charges is irom fa lb. four oz. to 8 lb. eight oz. of powder ; the ball is from four to four inches i-half diameter, and weights fiom 9 to 12 lb. 11 oz. ana fhoots point blank from 174 to J78 paces. DEMl'GOD, S. a peribn who was mortal by biith from one Qt his parents, but had a deity for the othpr, and was lAJfcd to cohabit with the deities on i^cccunt cf his exploits, or heroic anions. DE'MISE, S. [demis, dem:Je,Jt. Uom de- meter, Fr.j death ; deceafc. To DEMl'SE, V. A. [demh, demlfe, Fr.j to leave, bequaath, grant, or difpofe of by vilh " My executors ihall not have power to demife my land." Sttiift. _ DEMI'SSION, S. Ideniijfio, Lat,] degrada- tion J diminution of dignity j ItHcning the y^lue of a thing by fome mean adlion. PEMO'CRACV, S. [}iiAo-A.^a:\Hci, from Jt.u®', Gr. the people, anu K(dkw, to com- piand ot govern] a form of goveriiment,wherer in the fujireme power is lodged in tbe people. PEMOCIIA'TICAL, Aaj. [from demo- cracyj belonging to that foit of government therein the luprenje power i? lodged in the people. To DEMO'LISH, V. A. [demo'ir, Fr. dc tpoHor, J^St.J to pull down, raze, or dellroy. DbMO'LiSHER, S. one who deftroys or pulls down. DEMOLI'TION, S. the aft of pulling down or deflroying ; deflruftioD. DET.IOJ^J, ♦). [damon, Lat. iai,y.w, G;.] ;n evil fpitit. PEMO'NIAC, or DEMONIACAL, Adj. belonging to, or poffciied by the devi| j pro- duced by the devil, or fome evil fpirit. DEMO'NIAC, S. a perfon poaejifed by the ^evil, or fome evil fpirit. DEMONO'LOGY, S. [frpm Jai/.*!^v, Gf. a demon, and Xoy'S^, a difcourfej a dilcourfe on the nature and pradVices of evil fpirits. DEMON'STRABLE, Adj. {demo7,JiraMh, Lat. J that which may admit of demonltpation, ijr be proved beyond a coniiradiftionp D E N To DEMONSTRATE, V. A. {dcm9sft(^^ turn, fupinc oi demonjlra, Lat.] to prove lo aj to convincf; the molt prejudiced, and render in the higheft manner certain. DEMONSTRA'TIGN, S. [Fr. demsn. flratiOy Lat. J undeniable proof of the truth of a propodtion j founded on felf-evidcr^t prin- ciples. DEM'ONSTRATIVE, Adj. [demorifira. tivus, Lat. j convincing j undeniable j felf- evident. DEMO'NSTRATIVELY, Ady. in fuch a clear and evident manner as to demand affint, DEMONSTRA'TOR.^S. one who proves a thing by ^monftrition ; one who explains, teaches, or renders a thing plain to the meanefl capacity j a lecturer. DEMO/NSTRATORY, Adj. having the power of demonftration. DEMU'LCENT, Part, [demulcens, Lat.l in Phyfic, foftening 5 miillitying. To DEMU'R, V. N. [deni^urer, Fr, dimo- rare, |tal. d'u/ioror, Lat,] to aelay a procefs in law by doubts and oojcclions j to paul'e througn uncertainty ; to hefitatej to douot ; to deliberate ; to fufpend one's aflent, choice, or judgment, Aftively, to doubt or queftioi| the truth of a propcfition or allcrtion. DEMU'R, S, duuht, arifing from uncer- tainty or want of fufficjsnt proof; heiitatiy.T ; lulpenfe of judgment, choice, or opinion. PEMU'RE, Adj. [d,s Kcfuis, £"r. man- nerly, demuth, Teut, modeltyj behaving in 4 precife, grave, or affedled manner. To DEMU'RE, V. N. [f.om the noun] to look prccifely j fo behjvc with afiedci modefly. DEMU/RELY, Adv. in an affsfted^ gravej precife, or rnojeft manner. DEMU'RENESS, S. afte<ae4 incde% of gravity ; precifenefs. bEMU'RRAGE, S. [demurer, Fr. to ftayj in Commerce, an allowance made to mafters of /hips, for their ftay ii) a port beyorid its time appointed. DEMU'RRER, S. in Law, a kind of paijfc made in an adVion, for a cuurt to take t}ni5 tfi confider of foipe point of oifRcuJty. DEM''Y, S. Ideml, Fr. of dr.nuUum, L»t.l the title of a perfon oa the loundaiion at Magdalen College, Ox-ford, who docs npt en- joy either the privileges or the falary of a felt low, and is of the fame import as 3 f(f>u/ar at other colleges. Applied likewiie tfl iignify f larger fi^ed paper. PEN, S. [de/i, Sax. dcnrf, Belg.] a cavern^ or hollow place under grou:?.d ^ the cave ft f wi)d beafb. DENBI'GHSHIRE, S. it) Welch, .S/r phinkfi, one of th? fis cQuntJes in I^fortij Wales. It jg bounded on thp S. by Mcn;- gomcryfi^.irp ; en the W- by tMe of J\Ie- rioneth and Caer.Taiyon, trom wliich Jaft It is divided by the river Conway ; on the Ji. by Shrop^irean4 Chtfftiire; and 913 ft? 'If. iC DEN Jus the Iriih fea and Flmtthire. From N. E. to S. W, it meafures forty miles 5 and from N. to S. twenty-one ; containing about 410,000 acres. In it are reckoned fifty-fe- ven parities, four market-towns, and 38,000 inhabitants. It is partly in the diocefe of Bangor, and partly in that of S'. Afaph. It enjoys a faluorious but fharp air. The \V, part is hfathy and barren, except the trj£l to- wards the lea ; and the E. part is equally flerile, except towards the river Dee : but its middle part, which is a level of feventeen miles from N. to S. and about five broad, called the Vale of Clwyd, through which this river runs, is fruitful, and much inhabited by gentry. On one fide it lies open to the fea DEN He employtnents. His poetical abilities w^re certainly very great, his diclion and fenti- ments fublime, his expreflions ftrong, and his numbers harmonious. The Sophy, which he publifhed in 1641, was fo much admired, that even Mr, Waller could not help faying on its publication, that he broke out like the Iri/h rebellion, threei'core thoufand ftrong, and when nobody was aware, or in the leaft fufpe^ed it. His Cooper's Hill has been cele- brated by the bed v.'riteri in our language. As a poet he has few fauljS ; and if he had any in his life, let thofe only cenfure who have none in theirs. DENJ'ABLE, Adj. that whith may be refufed to be granted, when aiked, or to be and on the other, hemmed in with high hills; ^believed, when propofed from one of whicli fpiings the alorefaid Clwyd, which, after fetching a compafs to the S. E. runs N. by Ruthin, and not far from the town of Denbigh, entering Flint- ihire before i: reaches the Irifh fea. The other moll confiderable rivers are the Elwy, the Dee, and the Conway. The principal commodity here, befides goats and flieep, vith bldck cattle, is rye, commonly called amel- corn, produced in the heathy parts by the manure of turf-afhes, the common fuel in this fhire. Here are feverai lead mines, par- ticularly the marquis of Powis's. This county gives title to a branch of the Fielding family, and fends but two members to parliament j namely, one for the fhire, and the other for the county-town of Denbigh. DENURO'LOGY, S. [from hv^n, Or a tree, and 'Ko-/^, a difcourfsj a difcourfe or natural hirtory of trees, DE'NHAM, (Sir John) an eminent poet in the feventeenth century, was the only fon cf Sir John Denh^m, Knt. of Little Hori'ey in Eflex, fome time chief baron of the ex- chequer in Ireland, and one of the lords juftices of that kingdom. He was born at Dublin in 1615, and on his father's being made one of the barons of the exchequer in England, was brought over in 1617. He was educated at London, and entered, at the age of 16, a gentleman commoner of Trinity College, Oxford j but'here, as he was more addi(fled to gaming than fiudy, he was lockei on as a perfon of flow and unpromifing parts : at his removal from hence to Lincoln's Inn, he ftill continued his practice of gaming, not only to the ruining of his fortune, but to the difpleafure of his father, who threatened to difinherit him. The gre^t truft repofed in him by the unfortunate martyr and his queen; - the p^rt he is fuppofed to hsve born in con- veying away the fluke of York ; his being fent ambaiTador by Charles II. to the king of Peland ; his being employed as furveyor of h's majefty's buildings on the death of Inigo Jones ; and being created a knight of the Sath, by king Charles II. at his reftoratio •, are fuiHcient indications of his talents for pub- DENTAL, S. [from deny] the refufing to give or believe ; the perfifting in one's inno- cence, oppofed to the confeflion of guilt j abjuration, or renouncing. DENTER, S. one who refufes to grant a thing requefted, orto'alfent to a truth pro- pofed for his afl'ent ; one who will not ac- knowledge or own. To DENI'GRATE, N. A. [denigratum, lupine of denigta, Lat.J to make black, or to blacken. *' Bodies will be denigrated by heat." Eoyle. DENIGRA'TION, S, {dewgratio, Lat.J the iSt of making a thing black. DENIZA'TION, S. [from denlxen] the aft of enfranchifing a foreigner, by which means he enjoys many of the privileges of a natural fubieft. DE'NIZEN, or DENISON, S. [Ji^afddyr, Brit. J in Law, an alien, made free by the king's charter, and thereby enabled to pur- chafe and poffefs lands, to hold any office or dignity, fefc. To DE'NIZEN, V, A. to enfranchife 5 t» make free. Figuratively, to proteft or en- courage. " Fallhood is denizen d.'" Donne. To DENO'MINATE, V. A. [denomii-s- turn, fupine of denomino, Lat.J to name ; to give a name to. DENOMIMA'TION, S. [denomin'atio,h3t.'] a name given to a thing pointing out fume peculiar qunlity belonging to it. DENOMINA'TOR, S. the perfon or thing which affixes a particular appellation to a thing. In Fraftions, the number be- low the line, fliewing the number of parts v/hich any integer is fuppofed to be divided into; thus in A j S, the denominator, fhews, that the integer is divided into 8 parts ; and 6, the numerator, that you take 6 of thofe eight parts. DENOTATION, S. [denotatio, Lat.J the aft of afcertaining that a particular thing is to be fignified or underftood by a certain fign, or that a thing belongs to a particular perfon. To DENO'TE, V. A. [denoio, Lat.J to mark ; to be a Cgn of ; to imply j fignify, or betoken. To DEN To DENOU'NCE, V. A. [defi-.ncer, Fr. denuncio, Lar.] to threaten by prochmaiion, or fome external fign. Figuratively, in Law, to inform, or give intormalion againft. DENOU'NCEMENT, S. the ad of pro claiming any threat, or future and impending evil.. DENOU'NCER, S. one who declares fome menace, or impending calarrjity, or puninimenr. DENSE, Adj [denfus, Lat.] clofe 5 com-" patt ; thick j having few or very fmall pores between its particles. DE'NSITY, S. \denfitas, Lat.] thicknefs ; fnlidity ; compaftnefs j tije clofenefs, near approach, or adhefion of the parts of a body. DENT, S. [Fr.J a notch, or piece cut out of a thing, or the defeat made by breaking a piece out of the edge %( a thing ; a mark made in the furface of a thing, by thrufting the parts inwards. DE'NTAL, Adj. {dentalh, Lat. from denih,, genit, of dens, Lar. a toothj belong- ing or reliting to the teeth. In Grammar, applied to thofe letters wiiich are pronounced principally by means of tlie teeth. Li Na- tural Hiftory, a fmall ftiell-lifli. DEN'TELLATED.Adj. in Botany, notch- ed J jjgged J formed like the teeth of a law on the edges. DENTE'LLI, S. [Ital.J in .Architeaure, the fame as modijlons. " The modiilons, or dentelli.''^ Spcli, No. 415. DENTI'CULATED, Part. Ider.ticulatus, Lat.] fet with fmall teeth. DENTJGULA'TION, S. {deiuku.'atui, Lat.j in Natural Hiftory, fet with fmall teeth ; notched, or jaggej. " He omits the dentici'latlott of the edges of the bill." GreiV. DENTRI'FICE, S. [from dens, Lat. a tooth, andyi-jfo, Lat. to rub] in Medicine, a powder to cleanle or fatten t.He teeth. DENTl'TiON, S. {dcmtlo, Lat.J the adt, or time, of breeding teeth. To DENU'DATE, V, A. \denudatum, fupine oi dtr.udo, Lat.J to ftrip or maice na- ked. Figuratively, to divert. '• I'lll he has denudaied himfelf of all incumbrjn(;e;." Duay oJPuty. DtNU'DATION, S. the aft of Gripping, or making naked. Figuratively, the ait of divefiing or freeing one's felf from incum- brances. To OENU'DE, V. A. \dcnudo, Lat.] to make naked j to pull off a perfon's cloatl-.s Figuratively, to flrip or diveft a thing of its natural covering. " If in fumrner-time you denude a vine-branch of its leaves." Ray. DENL.'NCIA'TION, [dcnunciam, Lat.] the ait of pubiifhing any menace ^ or threat- ening any calamity or puniihment. DEN UNCI A'fOR, S. [from d.nuncia, Lat,] the perfon who proclaims any threat. in Lav/, one who lodges an information againll D E P another. " The denunciator does not make himfelf a party in judgment." ylyliffe. To DE'NY, V. A. [demer, Fr. denego, Lat.] to contradid an aecufation ; to refufe to grant a thing rcquefled j to difown ; to renounce. ^ To DEO'BSTRUCT, V. A. [dechjlruatim, iupine of dcoifrruo, Ln.j to clear Iiom im- pediments J to free a pdLge from fuch things as ftop it up. DE-OBSTRUENT, S. [deobjlrue/is, Lat.] in Pharmacy, a medicine whicn, by its dif- lolving vifcidities, opens the pores or paflages of the human bodv. DEODA'ND, S. fdeodarduK, Lat.] in Law, thing devoted to God !or expiation of his wrath, or to atone for the violent death of a perfon by chanre. To DEO'PPILATE, V. A. [from de, and Dfpno, Lat, J to c!e:;r a pafl'age from any obrtructions. DEOPPILA'TION, S. [from despfdauj the a£l of opening th,e paliages or clearing them from obihuc^ions. " It becomes ef- feiHual in deoppilations," Broivn, DEOPPILA'nVE, Adj. having thepower to clear the pafTagei from obilrudtions. " A phyfician prcfcribed him a deoppilathe and pur- gative apozem." Huri/ey. To D£PA'INT,.V. A. [depeint, particip. o( depeindre, Fr.] to foim the telemblanceof a thmg by colours or pa'ntin^s ; to defcribe. To DEPA'RT, V. 1^. [■dej:anr, Fr.J to go away from a place ; to revolt ; to quit ; to leave, urapoftarizej to 'die. DEPA'RT, S, [depart, Fr.] the aft of going away, or quitting a place or perfon. Figuratively, death. " Tidings were brought me of your lois and his dzpart." i^mong Refiners, a method of feparating metals blended together in one mafs. DEPA'RTER, S. a refiner J one who purifies metals. DEPA'RTMENT, S. [departement, Fr.] a peculiar provintc or employment allotted to a particular perl'on. DEPA'RTURE, S. [from depart] the ad of going away (roni a pcrfuri or place. Figu- r.tively, death ; the acl of fori'aking, or quit- ting, ufedr with//o/«. " Departure from nvil.^ ■lillolf. To DEPA'STURE, V. A. {departus,(rom depajar, Lat.J to graze j to eat up or conlunic by leeding. To DEPAU'PERATE, V. A. [dcpaupe- 'atutn, fupine of depaupeio, Lat.J to make poor ; to render grounii t)arren. DEPE'CTIBLE, Adj. fhorn depcBi, Lat.] touch J clammy j vi'.cid ; thick, or tenacious. '' Some bodies are of a more depeiliLle nature than oil-" Boyle. To DEPE'ND, V, N. [dependto, Lat.] to proceed from ; to be in a Hate of fubjec- tion ; to be fupported or maintained by an- other ; t'-- li« yet undeteim ned j to co iliae in, X 3 rely ^eiy on. " D-pend upon it — he'll remain." ^dd,f DEPE/NDENCE, S. [fr.] the ftate of a thing hanging from a fupporccr ; the llate of being furjed to, or at the difpofil of an- b-her. Figuratively, reliance ; truft 5 con- fidenre. DEFE'NDENT, Adj. [Fr.] fubjefl to, or in the power and difpolal of, another. DEPE'NDENT, S. [Fr.'j one v.-ho is fub- ieft to, at the diipdfjl of, or mjintained by, in-ther. DEPE'NDER, S. one who confides in arother. DEPERDI'TION, S. [Hepirdkus, Lat.] Id's ; entire deftruftion. " Deperditlcn of any ponderous particles." Br:z:jn. To DEPHLE'GM, or DEPHLEGM.-^TE, V. A. f depb/egrr.o, low Lit.] to clear a fluid from its phlegm or water. DEPHLE'GMATION, S. [irom dtphkgm] in Chemiftlry, the aft of purifying, or clear- ing a fluid of its phlegm or warer. ToDEPl'CT, V. A. [dep^aum, fupine of 'def>i>}go, Lat. J to pain', or reprefent the l:!ie- nefs of a thing in colours j to defcribe in words. ^ DEPl'LATORY, S, in Medicine, a pla- iner, or other application made ufe of to take awav hair. DEPLE'TION, S. [depUfus, of dcpko, La:.] in. P.iyfic, tjie a£l of emptying. " De- fiction of the veffels gives room to the fluid 10 txpand itfelf." Ar^uth. UEPLO'RABLENESS, S. the ft^te of tseing an objeft of grief; mifcry ; wretcheJ- 'nef<^. DEPtO^RABLY, Adv. lamentably 5 mi- fcrabiy ; ii> fuch a manner as to occafion or dtmand forrow. To DEPLOTvE, V, A. [dipkro, Lat.] ti» lament, mourn, or exprefs forrow for any c-lsmity, lofs, or mislortune. DEPLO'RER, S. one who liments or j.-ii-'ve'; for a lofs or rala/nity. DEPLUMA'TION, S. [deplumatio, Lat.] t!i€ ii\ of plucking oft' feathers. lr\ .Sor- pery, the fwcllinp of the eyelids, attended tviih the filling ofT of the hairs fi-'om the e; •- brow5< DEPO'NENT, S. dtportm, Lat.] in Lrv, one who givci his teflimony in a cou'-t ol )')(iice; an evidesice, or witnefs. Jn Gram- injr, fuch verbs as have an aftij^c fignihca- Tion, thoiigii they have no attive vo'cs j (0 caMed, i'iirnjfe dcponum, i, e. rhy liy ajidc xh'- fotce of a verb o*»I)ve. To DEPOT UL ATE, V..N. \dep-^vla!U', ■ Lat . j fo unpfOfile ; lolay wafte a country. DEPOVUL.A.'TJON, S. tlve art of unpeo- pling, or rendering a country wafte, by de- ■flroying 'he inhsbitanis.- • ' Dl-P>:)PULA''TOR, S.- ttne rhs Icills or ToDEPO'RT, V. A. [deporttr, Fr.J ii carry aw^y ; to behave or demean one's lelf. DEPO'R r, S. demeanour; behaviour} carr.age. ^^ In \N'\Xit deport." Milt. DEPORTATION, S. [deportatiot Lat.] tranlportation, whereby a peifon had lome re- mote place alligacd for his refidence, with a prohibition of llirnng from i', on pain of death. Figuratively, exile, or b^nifliment of any kind. " A''juratii>n, which is i dej^oria- tion into a foreign land.' DEPO>RTMENT, S. {deportmint, Fr.] conduct ; demcanoar. To DEPO'iE, V. A.] depofuum, fupine of dtj^otio, Lat. j to lay down j to deprive a perfoii of a poft or oig.iity j to give teltimony in a c:)urt of juftice ^ to eJtamini a petlon on his DEPO'SITARY, S. [depofita&e, Fr. di- p'ifitarius, Lat.] one v;ho is entrufied wifh the charge or keeping of a thing. To DEPO'SITE, S. [depofuum, Lat.] to lay up ot lodge in any place j to give as a pledge or fecurity ; to place at intereft j to quit, leave, or lay afide. DEPO'blTE, b. [depofuum, Lat.] any thing committed to the care, charge, or truft of an- other J a pledge, a pawn, or fecurity given for the performance of any contraft. DEPOil'TION, S. the adl of giving tef- timony, on oath j the id. of dethroning a prinle. In i.orr.nion Law, the foiemn depriv- ing a clergyman of his Qrders for fome crime. DEFRAY A'TION, S. [dtprataVw, Lah the ad of fpoiling, coriuptiiig, or tcnderina a thing lc(s perliCt or valuable. ToDEPRA'V'E, V. A. [Jf/rao/o, Lat.] to corrupt ; 10 i'poil j to rob a thing o» us pei-- teclion'i J to icduie from goodnefs j to adul- terate or corrupt writings, or liic works of another. Di:PRA'VEDNESS,S. lof^ of puriiy,good* nef?, or perf-'ftion. DEPRA'VER., S. acorrupter, or one who makes either a pcrfon or thing cad. DEPRA'VIIY, .S. coriupdonj a change from ptneciion to imperieclion, or from vii- tuc to vice. To DEPRECATE, V.N. [deprecatus, of diprccsr, Lat. J to pray earneftly for the avert- ing lon.e immintnc piiiiifhinciit j to alk par- .ixii for atriorie J to leiptil a p'eciiiun with importunity and hunniJity. DEl'RECAniON, S. [dtprccafw, Lat.] the act ot petitioiiinj^ j a btgt"'§ paiJon j prayer j ptayer aga>iift any evil, or tor avert- ing puo.jhment. . . 0£PREC.^<TIVE,orD£rRECATORy, Adj. that which is ufcd as an apology, .cxcufe, or me,d»«of avwriing foim; U)iic>iiel', calantity, or punifhmenl. . DEPRECA'TOR, S. [Lat] one who fues tor aiioiher ^ an iniercciTur ^ one who apolo- ,f«f>royi. the inhabiants af icountry j a de^ -^izes for the fauis of anotiitr, »n order lo free f;rvyc! of jrian.kmd. . .r- . ■ .' . Ihin troratbe puniihtneijiiue to him. D E P /ToDEPRE'CIATE, V. A. [Je anJ tre- tium, Lat. a price] to fpeak meanly of a thing, in order to lelfen its eO^em or value j to undervalue. To DE'PREDATE V, A. [depredatm, of deprador, Lat.] to rob plunder or pillage j to feize, as prey or booty ; to confume, de- vour, or dertroy. DEPREDATION, S. [depredath, Lat.j l5ie act of robbing, fpoiling, or feizing on as a prey or plunder; wafte; confumption. •' The fpeedy depredation of air upon watry moifture." Bac. DEPREDATOR, S. [dipasdator, Lat.] a robber; a fpoiler. Figuratively, a devourer, or confumer. " They be both great depreda- tors of the earth." Bac. To DE'PREHEND, V. A. \deprthendo, Lat.J to deteft ; to catch unawares ; to take in the faft. Figuratively, to difcover, or find out fomething difficult, or not ob- vious. DEPREHE'NSIELE, Adj. [from depre- liirn/Bj, Lat.] that which m^y be detefled ; that which may be apprehended, difcovered, perceived, or underftood. DEPREHE'NSIBLENESS, 5. poffibllity of being detefted, difcovered or underftood. DEPREHE'NSION, S. [depreherjlo, Lat.] deteflion ; the a£l of taking in the fa£V, or tdking unawares ; a difcovery. To DEPRE'SS, V. A. [deprejjhm, fuplne of deprimof Lat.] to prefs down ; to look down- wards, ** Raifing, or depreJJng the eye, or •otherwJfe moving it." A'ifw. Opt. Figurative- ly, to bumble, abafe, or dejeft, applied to the nnnd. DEPRE'SSION, S. [deprejfio, Lat.] the aft of preiTing down; the finking or falling in of a I'urface. Figuratively, degrading; abafement ; or humbling. Deprejfion, in Al- gebra, applied to equations, is the bringing thetn to their loweil terms by divifion. In Aftronomy, the diftance of a ftar from the horizon, meafured from the horizon down- wards. In. Geography, the deprejfwn of (he p'jie, is the travelling or failing fo much from the Dole nearer to the horizon. DEPRE'SSOR, S. [Lat.j on€ that keeps 'or prefles down ; an oppreflbr. In Anatomy, applied to fuch mufclcs as bring or prefs down 'thofe pjris which they are fattened to. -DEPRIVATION, S. [from ^« and /.r/- •matio, Lat.J the adt of taking away the qua- ■lily or cxinence of a thing. To DEPRl'VE, V. A; (from de and pri. •vo, Lat.j to take away that which is en- 'joyed by anotl<er ; to hinder a perfon from enjoying or making ufe of a thing. In Law, ^to turn a clergyman out of a benefice for fome crime. \ DEPTH, S. See DEEP, [^/>/>, Belg.j the 'fpace meafured from the furfacc of a thing downwards; quantity of water oppoTed i6 a y>jw/ j ih« fea j th(j abyfs. Figuratively, the D E R hsiglit or middle of a feafon, or night. Pro- toundnefs, difficulty, dbfcurity, applied to learning. In War, the dcpih of a (quairon, is the number of men in a file. To DE'PTHEN, V. A, \d\eptn, Bel^.] to deepen, or make Jeep ; to encre^fe the fpacc of a thing dounwirds. See DEEPEN. DEPU'LSION, S. \depufio, Lat.] the aft of heating, or driving away. DEPU'LSORY, Adj. [deptilfui, Lat.J thrufting away. To DE'PURATE, V. A. [depurer,Tt.] to purify ; to cleanfe from any i.Tipurities. DE'PURATE, Adj. [from the verb.] cleanffd, or freed froni dre_gs or foulnefs. Figuratively, pure, not tainted or corrupred. " Neither can any boaft a knowledge depurate from the contrary." G/anf. DEPURATION, S. [depuratlo, Lat.] the act of feparating the impuie parts of any thing from the pure ones. In Surgery, the cleanfing a wound from its foulnefs. To DEPU'RE, V. A. [depurer, Fr.] to cleanfe from dregs or foulnefs; to purge a thing from any noxious qualities. *' Of fuch harmful quality, as the waters of the gene- ral flood could not fo wafli out or depurc" Raleigh. DEPUTATION, S. [Fr.] the fending fome feleft perfons out of a body to a prince or folemn alTembly, to treat of ma'ters in their behalf or name ; the commifUon of treating in behalf of others. To DEPUTE, V. A. [deputer, Fr.] to fend with a fpecial commifiioii ; to apj-oint per- fons to negociate a public or private aft'air with a prince, ftate, or private perfon. DE'PUTY, S. [dipuit^; Fr.] one that is commiflioned to tranlad an affair for, or dif- charge the duties of another; a vicegerent. In Law, a perfon who exercifes an office in the right of another, who is accountable for his mittakes or milbehaviour. To DEQUA'NTITATE, V, A. [from de and quantnai, Lat.j to lellen the quantity of a thing. *■* Aftually dequantitated by fire." Broivr, To DERA'CINATE, V. A. to pluck or tear up by the root. To DERA'IGN, or DERAIN, V. A. [deranger. Ft, ^ In Law, to prove. In its pri- mary fignification, to diforder, or confufe. DE'RBY, or DARBY, S. the capital town of Derby/hire, on the W. bank of the river Derwent, with a Hone bridge over it. The riyer has been made navigable into the Trent. Upon the Derwent is tir Thomas Lomb's curious engine, by which organzine, or thrown filk, is made, for a perfeft model of which, tile parliament uf Great Britain al' lowed him 14,0001. Derby is populous, but not confiderable for trade. It is governed by a mayor, who returns two biember; to pailiameni. The tower of All-Saints church is a beautiful Gothick flruflure^ J7S feet X 4 ^^i^., D E R h'lch, e.reSed in queen Mary's reign, at the cbsffe of the maddens and bachelors of the to^vn. Its vieekly maikets are on Wednef day, Friday, ana Saturday. Its annual fairs are held on February 24: a meeting for cheefe: "Wcdnefday in Lent aflize week, for horles, rcw not frequented j Friday in Eafter-weck, for horned or black catttle; the firft Fridjy in May, Friday in Whitfun-weck, and July 25, for horned cattle; September 27, chtele- fa.r; and Friday before Michaelmas, a rneeiing, by cuftom, for horned cattle. Thi' place gave the title of earl to the Stanley fa- riily. Derby lies I23 miles N. W, of Lon- don. ' DERELI'CTION, S. {denliah, Lat.] the utter forlaking or abandoning a perfon. DERE'LICTS, S. [plural derdiP.j, Lat.] in Law, fuch goods as are wilfully thrown a- way and difowned by a perfcn. ToDERl'DE, V. A. to hugh at, mock, or turn to fcorn with great contempt. DERl'DER, S. a perfon who mocks or ri- dicules a thing with great contempt. DER.I'S10N, S. th^ ad of ridiculing, mock- ing, or laughiig at with great contempt. DF.RI'SIVE. Adi. ridiculing J mocking. DERI'SORY, Adj. ldenforw5,Uu] mock- ing ; tifiicullng. DERIVABLE, Adj. [from Jiri'vs] that which may be obtained by defcent, or commu- niraled from one to another. D£RlVA<TION, S. [din^vatio, Lzt.] the draining water from its courfe or channel. In Grammar, the tracing a word from its Ori- ginal, In genealo'jy, defcent. Figuiativcly, the tracing any thing fiom its fource. In Medi- cine, the drawing a humour from one part o! the bodv toanotht;r which is near it. DERIVATIVE, Adj. [derivati-vus, Lat.] derived or taken from another DERi'VATIVE, S. the thing or word vhich is derived from another. DERI'VATIVELY, Adv. after a derlva- live manner ; not originally. To DERI'VE, V. A, [cerl'ver, Fr. den- •uo, Lat.] to drain; 10 let oiu^water, or turn its courfe. Figuratively, to divide, or fepa- T2te ; to deduce or trace from its original or fource; to com!T>unicate, as the fource of a river 10 one of its branches, or a caiife to its etfsft ; to defcend to a perfon, or to commu- nicate by deftcnt of blood ; to divide j to dif- ful- over a Urge extent gradually, and in fe- parate branches. Jn Grammar, Co trace a Word J rem i;s orijjin. Neuterly, to proceed, come, or defcend from, DERI'VER, S. one who partakes by dc- {fen', pedigree, orcomnvunication. DERNKER, Adj, [Fr.j laft; ufed with rtfcrt. " Thi.= being the denier refort." ^y'ljf. ToDE'ROGATE, V. A. \deyogatum,i^- pij-.e of Jivc^o, L^t.J to leflen the value of a fifniiy or profeflion ; to degenerate j to under- y4ue the erteem or woith of a thing. D E S DEROGA'TION, S. \dcr«gatk, Lii-lin aft done contrary to, or inconfiflent with any lav.', by which means its force and value is lell'ened ; the aft of difparaging or lelfening ihe v:?lue of a thing. DERO'GATIVE, Adj. lefTening the value of a thing, or the efteem and repuuiion of a oerfon. DERO'GATORILY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to leifen the value of a thing, or the efteem and reputation of a perfon. DERO'GATORIKESS, S. the quality of UfTening the value of a thing. DERO'GATORY,Adj.[<:/«.(,^iJfoMaj, Lat.] that which lelTens or takts away from the va- lue of a perfoa or thing. DE'RVIS^ or DERVISE, S. a kind of monks among the Turks, who profefs extreme poverty, and lead a very auftere life. Their order was infrituted by Mevelava ; they affeft an vincommon degree of patience, humility, and charity ; are itinerant preachers ; and de- liver their doftrines even in coftee-houfes ; they always go bare-legged, and open-breafted j faft every V/ednefday, Thurfday, and Friday, during which they eat nothing till fun-fet. At their meetings one of them plays on the flu'e, while the reft dance, turning themfelves round with incredible fwiftnefs, in commemoratior\ of Mevclava's turning miraculoufly' round for the fpare of four days. DFSCA'NT, S. [from difcanto, Ita!.] a commei.t on any fubjeft. In Mufic,- the art of compofmg feveral parts. Pla'tK dcfcar,:, con- fifis in the orderly placing nfi.iny concords, and relates to fimple counter-point, as in Pfalmody, Figurati-ve orjloriddejcant, is that viherein dif- ccrdsniay be concerned as well, though not as much, as concords ; in it are introduced all the variety of points, figures, diverfity of meafures, and whitevereKe is capable of adorning a cox» (jolition. Double defcayit, is when the parts are fo contrived, that the treble may be made the bafs, and the bafs the treble. To DESC.VNT, V. N. [from the noun] to fmg in parts. Figuratively, to dilcourle ac large ; or to criticife minutely on the aftions o\ another ; to point out faults with great mi- nutenef ; to cenfiire. To DESCEND, V. A. {d^cerdre, Fr. </*- fcendo, Lat.] to come or go from a higher to a lower place; to go gradually downwards, or below the furface of a thing ; to fink ; to in- vade an enemy's country ; to proceed as Irona a fuccelTor, or as a caufe does from an effeft ; to change a difccurfe i'.an\ a general and fuper- hcial view, to a more accurate, minute, and particijlar one. Aftively, to walk, or roU downwards from a higher place or fituation. DESCE'NDANT, or DESCEN'OENT, S. [Fr. dejcer.d(ns, Lat.] one who belongs to ano- ther as a relation ; the cfTspring or pofterity of a perfon ; coming or moving Irom a highA to a lower fituation ; finking. DESCE'NSION, S. a finking from a higher t6 D E S to a lower fituatlon. In Aftronomy, it is dl'/Id- cd into right or oblique. Right defcenf.on is a point or arch of the equator, which de(cends with a ftar, or fign, in a right fphere. Oh!i<jtic riefcenfion, is that which defcends in an oblique fphere. DESCE'NSIONAL, Adj. relating to de- fcenr. In Agronomy, riefce'-fiona! S^ferenct, Is the difi'ererice between the oblique and right dcfcenfion of a ftar. DESCE'NT, S. [defcente, Fr. dejienfus, Lat.J the aft of pafiing from a higher to a lower place ; or towards the centre of the earth ; a flope, or Hoping Jituation. Invafion, or at- tack on an enemy's country or coafts ; birth ; extraiflion. Lireal dejcent, is that which is conveyed down in a right line from the grand- father to the father, from the father to the fon, ISc. CuUutcral dejcent, is that which fpringj out of the fide of the line or hlood, as from a man to his brother, nephew, &c. Fi- guratively, one flep or generation in the line of a family. A rank, or degree in the fcale of beings. To DESCRI'EE, V. A. [defcrlbo, Lat.] in Painting, to form the refcrablance of a thing. In Logic, to convey an idea of a thing in a loofc manner, without enumerating all its pro- perties. In Geometry, to draw or make a figure. Figura'i>ely, to convey fome notion of a thing by words. DESCRI'BER, S, one who relates a matter of faft, the manner of performing an adtion, a batile, Wc. DESCRI'ER, S. [from defcry]- one who difcovers or defcries a thing at a diftance, DESCRl'PTION, 8. [dcfaiptio, Lat,] the aft of conveying the idea of a perfon or thing by mentioning fome of their properties. In Logic, a coUeflion of the moft remirkable properties of a thing, witiiout including the ellential difference, and the general nature or genus ; the fentence or pafl'age in which a thing is defcribed ^ the qualities expreiTeJ in feprefenting a thing. To DE'SCRY, V. A. [defmer, Fr.] to re- connoitre ; to examine or view at a dillance ; to difcover or difccrn by the fight a thing hid- den or concealed. DE'SCRV, S. [from the verb] difcovery, or the thing difcovered. To DE'SECK-ATE, V. A. [Ifecraium, Lat.] to diver: from its original intention ; to convert a thing to an ufe different fram ih.ii to which it was originally confecraied. DESECRA'TION, S. the converting of a thing confecrated to fome common ufe. ^ DE'SERT, S. \dejtrtum, Lat.J a place not inhabited or built j a wafte place j a folitude. ' DE'SERT, Adj. [dijertum, Lat.J wild; walte ; uncuhrvaied ; uninhabited. ToDESE'RT, V. A. [dijerur,7r. defer- turn, fupine of c/f/£;V<3, Lat.] to quit j to lur- fake; to abandon a peifiin who has a reli.inte 0.1 one i ufed as a word of reproach 3 to leave D E S a ftation or place; to run away from an army or company, applied to folJiers. DESE'RT, S._[Fr. properly fpelt dejert, it being originally a French word] the laft courfe of an entertainment, confuling in fruits a.id Iweecmeats. DESE'RT, S. [from d.fer-ve] the behavi- our, condutV, or actions of a perfon, confidered with refped to rewards or punilhments ; a claim to praife or reward. Figuratively, ex- cellence, or virtue ; degree of merit. DF.iE'RTER, S. Ydcfatu,, Lar.J one who leives or abando.i a perfun, who can claim his .-.iiillrance j one who abandons, quits, or leaves his port, or the army to which he Leiongs. DESE'RTION, S. the aft of abanoon'ing or foifaking a perfon, caufe, port, or phce ia an army. DESE'RTLESS, Adj. want of merit; wjth- t)ut thofe qualifications which can entitle a perfon to, or render him a proper objeft of, approbation or reward. To DESE'RVE, V. A. [defer-ulr, Fr.] to be an objeft of approbation or difapprobation, reward or puniiliment, on account of orie's ac- tions or beh.-iviour; to be worthy, or a proper objeft of reward. DESE'RVEDLY, Adv. not without reafora or foundation ; according to a perfon's behavi- our, whether good or ill. pESE'RVER, S. a man who is a proper obieft of approbation and reward. DESI'CCANT, Part. [d.Jlcca„s, Lat.J in Medicine, of a drying nature or quality. _ To DESI'CCATE, V. A. {d,ficcatum, fa- pine of deficco, Lat.] to dry up niuifhire DESICCA'TION, S. the aft of drying up moiftuie. DESI'CCATIVE, Adj. that which has the power of riry.ng. To DESI'DERATE. V. A. [defUeratum, fupine of defidero, Lat.J to long for a thing not difcovered ; to defire a thing abfent. "So c.efired and fo much dcfidcratcd problem." Cheyney. To DESIGN, V. A. Uepur, Fr. Aefigr^o, Lat.] to purpofe or intend j to form or order lor a particular purpofe ; to plan, prcjeft, con- trive, or form an idea of i..i tht mind j to fkctch the plan or fc heme of a work, or the out-lines of a pifture. DESIGN, S. an intention or purpofe; a plan ot aftion ; a fcheme or contrivance ; ihc plan ijr reprefentation of the order, general diftribution, and conftruftion of a painting, poem, books, I'uiioing, &ff. DESIGNA'iiLE, Adj. that which can be afcertained, rtefcriried, or exprelll-d. DESIGNA'TION, S. \defignauo, Lat:J the defcribiiig a perfon or thing by fom^ remote fign j appointment, or direcliou ; import or ligoificatiiin ; iutrn'ion. DiiSI'GNEDL?', Adv. purpofely ; in a manner agieeable to the intention or previous purpofe of a perfon, oppofcd to acndtr.tj^U;. DESIGNER, i) E s •tetSI'GNER.S. a perfon whopie-neJItates Vsr coiitiives fomethir.g ill ; a penon who in- vents a draught or original, for feme artift to copv by. DESI'GNING, Part, ernrriving, meditat- ing, or intending I'omething amifs, or prejuiii- tial to the intereft of another. DESl'GNLESS, Adj. without Intending ; without any bad intention. DESI'GNMENT, S. an intended expediti- on againft an enemy j a plot; the idea, or Iketch of a work. DESl'RABLE, Adj. worthy of defire or longing. DESI'RABLEKESS. S. the quality of being earneftlv wifhcd for. To DESl'liE, V. A. [Jejlrcr,?!.] to wlfli for,- to covet fome abfent gooJ j to appear to ]oir^ for a. thing ; to afk. j lo entreat. DESl'RER, S. one who tovtts an abfent good. DESI'ROUS, Acj. full of longing; ear- ncftty w'fhing. To DESi'ST, V. N. [di/Ijh, Lat.] to ceafe from doing a thing which is begun ; to ftop. DESI'STANCE, S. the ;A of flopping or ceafing from fome a<ftion b^gun, DESI'TIVE, Adj. [defitu!, Lat.] ending or concluded. A lieji'.i've frnp^Jii'ton, is tJiar whici) implies the ending or conclufion of Something. DESK, S. [dijch, Bclg. tifch, Teut. dcfco, Ilal.] »n inclining or floping board or table. DE'SOLATE, Adj. idejolatw., Lat.] with- out inhabitants 5 laid wafte ; folitary, or un- frequen^e-i. To DE'SOLATE, V. A. [dcjolo, Lat. J to deprive of inhabitants ; to lay wafte. Dt'SOLATELY, Adv. in an nnfrequented manner ; in a defnlate manner. DESO'LATION, S. the aft of deftroying or removing the inhabitants from a place ; the adt of laying a place wafte ; a place wafted and forfaken. " How is Babylon become a dsj'cla- tion." jfer. i. 23. DESPA'JR, S [dejejpeir, Fr.] an utter a- bandoning of the hopes of any future good ; lof» of hope 5 that which deprives a pierlonof ..hope; a poflion excited by imagining that the objtif ,or; lubje(it of defire u not to be attained, or that a thin^ to be undertaken is beyond our . sbljlitics to perform. .. .Xo.DE'SPAJR, V. N. \difptri, Lit. de- fefperer, Fr.] to abando.T, relinquilb, or give a thing ovtr as unattainable ; to cejfe toliope D.£SPA'JRER,S. one who looks oir-a thinf as tnajtainable; one who is witWout hope. ■ DESPAIRINGLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ; Iter as to. Jifcove^' no hope, jh .DL'SPjiRAT|.,Adi.f^i/'f^rafjH,L3r.Jwith. «ut hope>. or looking on a thingas impoflible or u.-uctainable ; without .:ny regard to fafety, arifing, from defpair. Figuratively, not to be ^mrtertakes, or of attaining wnat is arocnt- vetrieyed or furmounted, applied ta things Mid, furious with defpair, jpplicd to ptrrons,'' D E S ?5ometimes u'cd forperfonshabituated'tofbmt- thing bad, whofe reformation is iefpaired of. Violent, applied to things. DE'SPER ATELY, Ad*, in the manner of a perfon grown furious by defpair; rrjadly in a great degree. DE'SPER ATENESS. S. madnefs ; fury ; afling without any regard to fafeiy or fecurity. DE'SPE RATION, S. a ftate void of all hope. DE'SPICABLE, Ad].[dcfpkaiilis, Lat.]de- ferving contempt on account of fomething fot- did, me.in, bife, and vile. DE'SPlCABLENESS,S.thequality which rendeis a per.'^on or thing the object of con- tempt. DE'SPICABLE, Adj. [defftcabilrs, Lat.] liable to be contemned ; mean ; bafe ; DE'jPiCABLY, Adv. in a mean, fordiJ, vile, or contemptible manner. To DESPl'SE, V. A. [dcfpicere, Lat.J to fcorn or contemn with pride and difdain ; to night ; to difregard. DESPl'SER, S, one who looks on a perfon or thirig with fcorn or contempt. DESPl'TE, S. [dej'fiie, Fr. diffetto, Ital. ff)!!/, Belg.] malice; anger on account of fome real or fuppofed injury; defiance. " In difpite of heat by day." Blackm. An aft of malice Or refentment ; fomething done in order to countera£l the defigns of another, through ma lice, revenge, refentment, and in order to make him uneafv. "A defpite done againft the Moll High." ParLnft.' To DESPl^TE, V. N. to counttraa the defigns of another, through a piinciple of mi' lice or refentment. DESPITEFUL, Adj. full of malice or fpleen ; adling contrary to ihe dtfigns of an- other, purely to make him unealy, or unhap- py ; malignant. DESPl'TEFULNESS, S. malice or an en- deavour to render a perfon extremely miferable through malice and refefHment. ToDESPO'lL,V.A [depouilhr, Fr. fpog. V.aie, Itdl. deJi^oUo, Lat.] to rob; to deprive a p.Tf .n of what he is polfclVed of by fome a£l of violence. Figuratively, to deprive a perfon of lome port or honour. DESPOLJA'TION, S. the aft of depriv- ing a perfon 01 fomething in his pcfle^lion. To DESPO'ND, V. A. [deffomiecyhzr.l to become melancholy, through a perfnafion ihat fomething dcfired is unattainable, or that •famething to be done is impoflible. In Divi- nitv to lole ail hope of the divine mercv. bbSPO'NDENCY, S. the ftate of a' perfon who imagines a thitig df fired cannot be at- tained, or that a thing' to be done i» im- pofJible. DESPCNDENT, Adj. [drfpcndem, Lat.] without any hopes of fucceeding in what one ly defired. DE'SPOr, S.[hr::oV.i, Gr.] an afcfolurc ur.cuntroulabls itinctlhtrOuUble princtj only ufed When applied to tftofe of Dacia. aESPO'TJC, or DESPO'TICAL, Adj. \<ieff^ot!fue, Fr.J ablblute ; arblcrary ; fupieme; "of unlimited or ablolute po^er. Figuratively, unaccnnntable. DESPOTICAL'NESS, S. the quality of exercifing power or authority without any reftraint or controul. DESPO'TISM, S. [defpottfmt, Fr.] abfolute jpower, applied to fuch governnnents, wherein the power nf the prince is arbitrary. To DESFU/MATE, V. A. [defpumatum, fiipine of deffumoy Lat.] to /kim the froth off. DESPUMA'TION, S. In Pharmacy, the aft of clearing any liquor, by fkimming off the froth or foam. DESQUAMA'TIGN, S. [from de nnd fcjuamma^ Lat. a fcaiej in Surgery, the aft of icaling carious bones. To DESTI'NATE, V. A. [dejiinatum, fupine of defiino, Lat.] to tlefign or form for any particular purpofe or end; *' Birds are deftinatedlo ^^." Ray, DESTINA'TION, S. [from defllnate'] the purpcfe or ultimate end for which any thing is formed or defigned. To DE'STINE, V. A. [dejiino, Lat.] to doom ; to appoint to any ftate or condition without alteration, or by an abfolute necef- fiiy; to order to any end or purpofe; to devote to puniiiiment or mifery j to fi« an event unalterably. , DE'STJNY, S. [deji.ne, Fr.] in Mytho- logy, the power who determines the lot of mortals ; fate, fixed by fome unalterible de- cree J doom ; fortune ; the prediftion of the /uture condition of a perfon which muft ne- ceffary happen. DE'STITUTE, Adj. [dejlittitus, Lat.] de- prived of; in Want of; abandoned by. DESTITUTION, [S. from d'e/Jif;,?*] want; deleft j or a ftate wherein fomething is defi- cient or wanting. To DE'STRO'Y, V, A. [dHrutre, Fr.] de- firuo, L«t.] to demolifli, or reduce to ruins ; to kill ; to lay wafte, or make defolate ; to deprive a thing of its prefcnt qualities or pro- perties. DlESTROTER, S. one who l^ys a town wafte ^ one who deprives animals of life ; one who defaces a thing by fume aft of vio- lence. DESTRU'CTIBLE, Adj. {Uomdcfimaum, Aipir>e of deftruo, Lat.J liable to be deftroytd, defaced, or demolilhed. DESTRUCTIBI/LITY, S. poffibility> or liablenefs to be deftroyed. DESTRU'CTION, S. ld,firuaic, Lat.] the aft- of ruining, deftroying, demolilhing, or laying wafte ; murder ; the ftate of a thing ruined, demoliflied> or deftroyed ; ihe caufe of deftrufticn. DESTRU'CTIVE, Adj. [d^rufiivrti, low 13 tT Lat. 3 tliat <which demoli/hcs, reduces to ruiiw^ and lays wafte. DESrRU'CTlVELY.Adv. inTucha man- ner as to deftroy, demolifh or ruin. DESTRU'CTIVENESS, S. the quality which deftroys, ruins, or lays Wafte. DESTRU'CTOR, S. a coafuaier or de- ft royer. DESUDA'TION, S. a profufe or inordlnats fweating. DESU'LTORY, or DESULPORIOUS, Adj. [defultorius, Lat.J unfixed ; unfetiled 5 removing trom one thing or idea to another. To DETA'CH, V. a. [detstbir, Fr.J tb feparate or part fomething which was jo ned before ; to fend out or draW oft" a part of i greater body of forces. DETA'CHEO, Fart, drawn off; feparated from; difengaged. In P3\ni\nf,'well detached, is applied to fuch figures which appear free, not entangled with each other, and having 1 good relievo. In Fortification, deiachcd pieces, are any works which are at a diftancc froth the main works. DETA'CHMENT, S. a body of troops feparated and fenc from the main army. To DETA'lL, V. A. [detailUr, Fr.J to relate a faft with its minute and particular ciicumilances. DETA'lL, S. an account containing all the minute circumftances of an aftion, or fubjeft. To DETA'IN, V. A. [detainer, Fr. detineo. Lat.J to keep that which is due to another; to keep a perfon, or hinder him from depart- ing or going farther; to keep a perfon in cuflody. DETAI'NDER, S. In Law, a writ for holiiing or keeping a perfon in cullody. DETAINER, S, he that does not pay a thing duej or wlth-holds another perfon'i right ; he that hinders the departure or pro- grtfs of a perfon or thing. To DETE'CT, [deteaut, Lat.] to difcover, or find out any fecret crime or artifice ; to find out or furprizea perfon in the commifTi- ort, or after the commiuion, of a criiue ; to lay open the artifices of a perfon, or fophillry of an argument. DETE'CTOR, S. a difcoverer of fome criminal ; one who lays open the fophiftry or fubterfuges of an author. DETECTION, S. the difcovery of a cri. minal, crime, or fault ; the difcovery of fome- thing hidden or concealed. DETEN'.SION, S. the keeping or with- holding what is due, or belongs to another. Figuratively, confinement or reftr»In:. ToDETE'R, V. A. [<f-.'«r.--j, Lat.J :o difcourage, or keep a perlon from doing x thing, either by frightening him, by metiacei, or by laying it* confequerices hetore him. ' DETE'RMEN V, S. that which difcourage* a perfon from doing or undertaking a thing ; the oiufe or nbftacle wjiich hinders a perfon from undertaking .t thing, 6 To T) E T ToDETF/RGE, V. A. [d^urgo, Lat.^to ckaiile a fore fiom its pus, matter, ©r foul- nefi ; 'o cteanfe the boclv by purges. DETERGENT, Ao]. {rietergens, I.at.] in Meoicine, having the power of cleanfing. DETE/RMIN ABLE, Adj. [from dttarmine] that which m<y be aicertalned, or decided. ToDETE'RMINATE,V. N. [determiner, Fr.J to limit j to fettle j to fix; to deter mine. DETE'RMINATE, Adj. [determ]na:us, Lat.] IJTiiie.-l ; fixed ; fettled ; decifive. DETERMINATELY, Adv. refolutcly, fixed ; firm ; refolvcd. DETERMINA'TION, S. abfolute dlrefti- i)n to a certain end. Figuratively, a refolution Jr'ormfd afrer mature deliberation ; the decifion of lome coniefted point or difpute. DETE-'RMINATIVE, Adj. having the power 10 olrecl to a certain end ; that which telTrains ihe llgnificatjon of a word. DETE'RMINATOR, S. one who deter- inines, ai'ctrrains, or decides a controverfy. To DEIE'RMINE, V. A. [determiner, Ft. determ'wo, Lat. J to fix or fe;tle a thing or point in debate or difpute ; to conclude ; to flecide ; to confine or rcfJrain within limits ; to afcertain the ftnfe of an expreflion ; to influence the choice ; to rcfolve ; to put an end to j to deilroy. " Till ficknefs has Jcteririred me." Shak. Neuterly, to conclude ; to end J to come to a decifion ; to refolve, or come to a refolution. DETE'RSION, S. [from deierfum, fupine oi detergo, Lat.j in Surgery the a<Sl of cleanfing a wound. DETE'RSIVE, Adj. [deterff, Fr.] having the power to cleanfe. DE'TERSIVE, S. in Medicine, that which cleanfes a vpound, or frees the body from hu- mours by purging. To DEI E'ST, V. A. [detefler, Fr. detejlor, Lat.] to hate a thing with fome vehemence; on account of its evil and {'cmicious quali- ties. DETE'STABLE, Adj. [Fr.] that which is hated w:th great vehemence, on account ot its vilenefs or pcrnicioufnefs. DETE'STABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as Ihews or delcivcs the greatefb loathing, ab- V horrence, averficn, or hatred. . DETL'STATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of .abhorring, difliking, or hating a thing on account ot its evil. Ufed with 'f, and fome- .time!, but improperly, with for. " The dctcfial'tan you can exptcfs /er vice." Sivift, DETE'JSTER, S. one who has a very great -hatred, averfioia. or loiithing. , To DETHRO'NE, V. A. [Jeihrcer, Fr. from de and tbronus, Lat. a throne j to depofe a king ; to deprive him of royalty. DETl'NUE, S. [dueuue, Fr.J a v^rit lying againft a perfon, who refufes to deliver a thing up, which was given him to keep (or anot.her. DE'rONA'fiON, S [ditwa'.um fupins of D E V dotoKo, Lst.] the loud noife made by fome bodies which begin to heat in a crucible, fomewhat refembling the explofion of gun- powder. In Chemiftry, the operation of ex^ pelling the impure, volatile, and fulphureous parts from antimony. To DETO'NIZE, V. A. [detono, Lat.] in Chemiflry, to calcine with detonation. To DETO'RT, V, A. [detonus, Lat. from detorfueo, Lat.] to wreft a word or expreflron from i(s original meaning or defign. *' De- tor led texts o( fcripture to fedition." Dryd. To DE'TRACT, V. A. [dctratJum, lupine of ditraho, Lat. J to leffen the reputation of another by calumny, or fpeaking ill of him j to leflen the value of a thing. DETRA'CTER, S. one who lefTens the reputation of another, DETR ACTION, S. [Fr. detraaio, Lat.] the impairingor lellening the reputation or efleem of another, by fpealcing ill of him. DETRACTORY, Adj. lefiening the va- lue of a thing, or reputation o\ a perfon. DETR ACTRESS, S. a woman who lef- fens the reputation of others, DETRIMENT, S. [deirimentum, Lat.] that which aftefts a thing or perfon with lofs, difadvantage, or damage. DETRIMENTAL, Adj. caufing harm, mifchief, lofs, or damage. To DETRU'DE, V. A. [detrudo, Lat.] t» thiuft down ; to force into a lower place. DETRU'SION, S. the aft of forcing a thing downwards. DEVASTATION, S. [from dtvaftatum, fupine of devajlo, Lat.] the aft of laying wafte 5 demolilhing buildings ; or unpeopling .towns. DEUCE, S. [deux, ¥t. duo, Lat. "W, or ^ua;, Gr.j in Gaming, a card with two marks, or die with' two fpots ; the devil. To DEVELOP, V. A. [de-veloper, Fr.] to take off any covering which conceals a thing ; to lay open anv ftratagem or artifice. To DEVE'ST, V. A. [deTeJier, Ft. from de and "vejlh, Lat. a garment] to make a per- fon naked, or take off his cloaths. Figura- tively, to deprive of an advantage, or fome good ; to free from any thing bad. To DE'VIATE, V. A. [of de, from, and via, Lat, a road, or common pjth] to leave the right or common way. Figuratively, to err ; to go aftray. In Divinity, to fin, by not walking in the way pieltribcd by the divine commandments. i>EVlA'T10N, S. the aa of quitting the right way. Figuratively, the afling con- trary to fome eftablifhed rule ; fin ; offence ; a wandering. DF.VFCE, S. [deiAfe, ¥r. devija, Ital.j a contrivance, or llratagem ; a projeft ; a Icheme, or plan. In Heraldry, an emblem, which lias kjme refemblance to a perfon's name ; the reprelentation of fome natural bedy, with a naoito or fcntence, 8 DE'V'IL, D E V OE'VIL, S. [deofi, deofe, Jeofol, dUhuU, Sdx. diaft, d'lafo!, dtafexil, Brit, d'tabh, Fr. diable, Spjn. dia'.oh, Ital. duyvel, Belg. teuff-'l, Teur. J(aot)\©>', Gr.] in its primary fignifi- cation, a calumniator, or falfe accufer j but peculiarly applied to fignify the fallen angel, who was the tempter and feducer of man- kind. Figuratively, a wicked perfon. In Scripture, an idol ; an emilTary ; or one of the wicked fpirits fubjeft to Satan. '* The condemnation of the De-v\l,^^ I Tim. iii. 6. ilgniries the being g'jiity of the fame crime, and fuftcring the fame punifliment with the DtTj'xl. DE'VILISH, Adj. partaking of the mali- cious, mifchievous, or other wicked quali- ties of the Devil. DEVILI'SHLY, Adv. in an entirely wick- ed Or mifchievous manner; in a manner fuit- ablc to the wickednefs of the Devil j diabo- lically. DEV/IOUS, Adj. {deuw, Lat.] out of the common track. To DE'VISE, V. A. {de-vi^tr, Fr. to in- vent or contrive, implying a great deal of art. Neuterly, to plan, contrive, or form fchemes. In Law, 10 bequeath, or leave by will. DE'VISE, S. [old Fr. a will] in Lav/, the a£l of giving or bequeathing by will j con- trivance. DE'VISER, S. one who projefts, or con- trives J one who leaves or bequeaths by will. DE'VOID, Adj. [iarV«, Fr.J empty ; va- cant. Figuratively, deftit\ite, or free from anv quality, either good or bad. DE'VOIR, S. [Fr.] in its primary fenfe, a duty, or aft of fervice, but now obfolete. At prefent ufed to fignity fome att of civility, or ceremony due to a perlon either on account of rank, ofBce, or relation. To DEVOL'VE, V, A. [devoho, Lat,] to roll from a higher to a lower place. " The matter which defohes from the hills." To remove from one perfon to another. " They devihed thc'w whole authority into ihe hands of the council." ylddif. " The whole was dtvohjid upon that family." Stuifu Neu- terly, to fall or deftend to, in oroer of fuc- ceflion. DEVOLU'TION, S. [dcvcluu'o, Lat.] the rolling of a thing from a higher to a lower place. Removal, or fucceflion from one per- lon or Order to another. DEVONSHIRE, S. a county of England. It has the Englifh channel, on the S. the Biiftol, channel on the N. It is divided on the W. from Cornwall by the river Tamar, wliich runs almoft from the one channel to the other; and it is bounded on the gaft by Somerfetfliire. It is about iixty-nine miles long, and fixtyfix broad, containing 1, 920,000 acres, twelve pariiameniacy boroughs, forty market-towns, 304 parifhes, 117 vicar- D E U rants, ^5■ext to Yorklhi.'e, it is the hrgeff and moil populous cojiify in Enghnd ; and its people aie fo aniverfally employed in trade, that it cannor be equalled oy any in the kingdom. The air in iis valleys is mild and fharp, but healthy on its hills and heaths. The weftern parts confifl of a moorift foil, or ftiff clay ; the latter b-ad for /heep, but extremely well adapted for breeding great herds of fine oxen, fattened for the Londsn ' markets. The foil of the north parts is dry, having very good downs for /heep ; and the''a being well drelTed with lime, dung, and fand, yield tolerable crops of corn, bu: not fo plen- tifully as in the middle and eaftern parts ; nor does it fall Ihort in meadow and paliure. Shell-fand renders the molt barren part fruit- ful ; and in places remote from the fea-fliore, the upper turf being fkimmed of}', is burnt to aflies; and this method of agriculture is called De'enfhiring, The fou hern parts for fertility are juftly efteemed the garden of Pe- von/hire. DEVORA'TION, S. {devoiaiui,oi d^vero, Lar.J the aft of devouring. To DEVO'TE, V. A. [dezoium, fuplne of dc'voiieo, Lat.j to dedicate or fet apart to a religious or any other particular purpofc j to abandon to evil ; to doom to dettruifiion. DEVO'TEDNESS, S. the flate of u thing- devoted, dedicated, fet apart, or deftined to ai particular end or purpofe. DEVOTE'E, S. [devot, Fr.] one extrava- gantly or erroneouflv religious ; a bigot. DE'VOTION, S. [F'r, of de-voi-.o, Lat.J the ftate of a thing confecrated or dedicated j a religious and fervent exercife of forae pub- lic aft of religion ; or a temper or difpofitioa of the mind rightly afi'efted with fuch cxer- cifes. Figuratively, prayer; a ftrong and fervent afleftion for a perfon. DEVO'TIONAL, Adj. relating to religious worfhip ; pious ; zealous. DEVO'TIONALIST, S. the perfon who is fuperftitloudy religious. To DEVO'UR, V. A. divorer, Fr. dti-oro, Lat.] to eat up ravenoufly. Figuratively, t» deftroy with rapidity, or quic.kntjis^ tofwallow up, or reduce to nothing, DEVO'CJRER, S. [from denjo-ur and er, of ivar, Sax,] one that confumes or §ats up ravenoully. DEVOU'T, Adj. [dc-vaty Fr. dcvotui, Lar.] pious ; religious ; fervent in performing atta of worftiip ; filled with pious thoughti ; full of zeal ; or exprefTive of ardent piety. DEVO'UTLY, Adv. in a pious maaner ; with fervent zeal and piety. DEUSE, S. [derived by Junius from Diu- ftus, the name of a fpe^-ies of evil fpiritsj the devil, nfed in ludicrous language., S^c DEUCE. DEUTERO'NOMY, S- [from cf^nsj®- ; the lecond, and la^a^ , Gr. lawj tUc hit 1733 villagis, and 340,000 inhabi I book of the Pent*t:uch, or five books writ- ten D I A ten by Mof^s, fo called by the Greek tianf- htors, becaufe there ts a kind of recapitula- tion of thf law in it. The Jewifh rabbins ■on this account ftile it M'ljhnecb, or the Re- petition. It is gencfally named EUeb-Had dtbarim, which is one pf the firfl- words in the Hebrew. It was written, all but the lad chapter, by Mofes, in the lapth year of hit age, the laft chapter being fuppofed by fome to have bpen added by Joftiua irntnediately after Mofes's death j but by lomc fuppofed to have been written by Ezra, DEW, S. [deatue. Sax. dauio, Belg. tauw, Teut.] in Natural Hiftory, a light, thin, in- fenfible mirt, or rain, raifed from the earth after the fun has descended below the hoii?on, by th« heat it has communicated to the earth during the day; which mift, meeting with j the cold in the atmcfphcre, is condenfed and i precipitated on the earth ag,>in. Not bin we mull take notice it is the opinion of fome, that dews do not defcend at all. To DEW, V. A. to wet or moiften as with dew. DE'W-BESPRENT, Part, fprirrkkd with ^ew. " The favoury beib of Jcnot-grafs, deiu-btfprert " Mile. DE'\VLAP, S. \dog hp. Din.. dcof> la/ e. Sax. fo calkd from its Id/ pug or bruftiing off thedewl the Reih which han^s down trom the thioat of cows, bulh, pr oxen. Figu- Tatively, a targe hanging lip, ufed by way of contempt. DE'WLAPT, Adj. having a devvhp. DE'W-WORM, "S. in Natural HiHqry, a worm found in dew, called likewife the lob-worm, DEW'Y, Adj. refembling, or partaking of the nature ot dew ; moift with dew. DE'XTER, Adj. [Lat.J in Heraldry, the light fide. DEXTE'RITY, S. {dexientas, Lat.] rea- dinefs ; aflivity ; qijicknefs of contrivaitte. DB'XTEROUS,Adj. [d^xter,hiX.] expe/tj a£live ; or quick ; fubtle ; full of expeoients j Ikilful in mdnagf.jnent ; fertile in invention. DEXTE'RQUSLV, Adv. expeirly ; rea- dily j quickly; {kiltullv. DE'XTRaL, Adj. '[(/f.rrfr, Lat.] on the right fide. DEXTR A'LJTY, S. the n.tc of being on the right fide. DIABE'TES, S. f J.^.^a.':,;, Gr.] in Phy- fic, tile difcharge of any liquor through the lyinary pafT^gCb almoH a^ loon as it u drank, withoii^ any or little :ilieration, and under the appearance of water, attended wjtli jn- fatiable thirft. DlABO'HC, or DIABO'LICAL, [from d'ahiius, Lat. ihc devil J partaking ot the qualities of the devil ; extfemety impious and wicked. DIA'COUSTICS, §. [from i\-t and crt^r., Gr.j in Fhiiofophy, ttie confideution or t'oc- t/ineof lelfaded found? ab they ^al"' through P I A difierent mediums, i. e. either through den'e into a rare, or ibrougti a rare i.ito a denla one. DI'ADEM, S. \d\adtm<;i, Lat. from JiaJss, Gr.J formerly a bandage of filk encompafling the heads of kings, and tied behind. It was fometimes encjched with pearls, ani fometimes with the leaves of fome ever- greens, In Herajdry, certain circles or rims, binding or inclofing the crowns of prinrts, and ty bear the globes, froflcs, or flower de luces for their crefts. pi'ADEMED, Part, adqrped with a diar dem ; wearing a cio.vn ; crowned. DKADROM, S. [from JfaJ^o^usia, Gr.] the time in which any motion is performed ; the lime in which a pendulum forms a fingle vibration. " Whofc dijdrom!, in the latitude of 45 deg. are equal to one fecond." hackt. DI/ERE'SIS, S. [Jiai.ETK, Gr.] ia Gramr m;ir, the divlfion of a diphthong, or one fyl- hbie into two. |n Surgery, the divifion of fuch parts which are united contrary to nar ture, and obfiruft a cure. In Medicine, the deftroyingor confuming of the vefTels or ca? nals of an animal body, by fome corro4iqg humour forcing iifelf a pallage, or by the extravafation of the juices. DIAGNO'STIC, S. [htt and ywte!rK!.>,Qt,'\ in Medicine, a iign by which the prcfenc ilate, nature, and cai^fe of a difeafe may be difcovpred. DIAGONAL, Adj. [from Siay.vviof, Gr.J drawn acrgfs a figure from one corner or angle to another* DIA'GONAL, S. a right Ijne drawn acrofe a parallelogram pr other figure, from one angle or corner to another, fo as to divide it into equal parts. DIA'GONALLY, Adv. in a prpfs direc- tion, or reaching from one corner to another, Dl'AGRAM, S. roiay;«,'-t/.^.-«, Gr.J^in Geometry, a fiheme Jrav\n for explaining any figure or its properties. In Mi^fic, the antient gamut, whofe extent was a difipiafon or two otflaves, in the I : 4. in which fpace they iijve ei[,htecn chords, though they had not all cifleient founds. DIACRV'UIATE.S, S. [from diag'ydium, Lat.J in Medjcififj fliong' purges maoe ot diagrydium. Di'Al-, S, [from dies, Lat.j a plate marked with two ftts of figures beginning at one, and I nding with twelve, ufetl to (hew the time of the day by docks, or by the fhadowof the fun. DI'ALECT, S. [^i^XExo;, Gr.J the pe- culiar manner of fpeaking, or diverfuies made in any language by the inhabitants in d'ffcrsnc parts 01 the country wherein it is fpoken, I'igur&tivcly, ftile ; manner of e.vprcffion j lanpua^e, or fpeech. DIALE'CTIC, S. Ipixy.i^m, Gr.] the ait of reafonine, or Icgic. DIALE'CTICAL, Adj. [fiotiJ fl'ij/fffj be- ionging to lo^ic. DIAL. D I A DIALLING, S. the art of defcribing lines on any given plane, in Tuch a manner that the fun's fhadow, or its rays, is trantmitterl 'hro' a hole, fhall touch any given line at any given hour^ DIA'LIST, S. one vfho conftruils or makes dials. DIA'LOGIST, S. one who comnores, or one who is introduced as a /pecker in a diar logue. DIA'LOGUE, S. l^^ttKoy.oi, Gr.] a confe- rsnce or debate on any lubjctl, whether real or feigned. To DIA'LOGUE, V. A. to hold conver- fation or conference with; to difcourfe. " Di)ft dialogue with thy fhadow." Shai. DIALY'SIS, S. [?wXva-!5, Gr.] in Gram- mar, the parting or feparating two vowels, which would otherwife make a diphthong. In Printing, two dots fet over a vowel to fliew that it does not compofe a diphthong, as in beauUltr, Fr. DIA'METER, S. [&ia, through, and /ae- Tjoy, Gr. a meafurej the line wh'ch paiics through the centre or circle of another figure, 9nd divides it into two ef]ual parts. DIAME'TRAL, Adj. deicribing, or relat- ing to a diameter. DIA/METRALLY, Adv. according to the ilircflion of a diameter. Ufcd with oppo- Jite, it implies the moft direft or higheft oppo- litioH that can be between two things. DIAME'TRICAL, Adj. or DIAMETRI- CALLY, Adv. now ufed inftead of Diamciral, and Dhitnelrally, which fee. " DIA'MOND, S. [generally pronounced d'l- mond, from diamante Fr. adfimans, Lat, or a'^itixaq, Gr.] in Natu'ni FKftory, the moft valuable and hardeft of all gems, when pure, perfeftly clear and pellucid, and diftin^uilhed by iis vivid fplendor and the brighinefs of ifs lefleflions from all other fubftance.s DIA'FASE, S. in Mufic, the fame as Dia- fafon. DIAPA'SON, S. [J(a7r«>», Gr.] in Mu- fic, an interval, including an odave. Among mufical inftrument makers, it fignifies a rule or fcale wherereby they adjuft the pipes of their •rgaps, and cut the holes of their tiutes, haut- bois, &c. DI A'PER, S. [d'lapre, Fy.) a kind of linen clo;h, woven in figures. ToDIA'PER, V. A. to variegate; diver- fify, or flower ; to draw flov/ers on cloths. DIAPHA'NECTV, S. j"S<e DIAPHA- NOUS] tranfparency, or the quality of tranl- mitting light. DIAPHA'NOUS, Adj. [Jia, through, and friivv, Gr. to appear, or ftiewj tianlparent; giving pafTage to the rays of light ; that which may be feen th'ough. DIAPHO/RESIS, S. [ha^o^ic^^ Gr] in ^ledicine, a diftljarge made ihroi'gh the Ikin, vvhether (enfihle or inf^nfible. pJAPHORETIC, Adj [^.tfor-.Tixj;. Or.] D r c In Medic'ne, that which caufes a difcharga through the {k\n, or a Iweit. DI'APHRAGM, S. [pronounced ^;'<j/>;&M«, from htifi^u'/^'^a, Gr.J in Anatomy, a ner- vous mufcle vulgarly called the midrifF, and by aaatomifts, feptum cran-verfale, or crofs wall, from its dividing the bicaft .or lhor»je from the abdomen. '::■ > • DIARRHOE'A, S. [J^.^ppoa, Gr.] In Me.-licine, a flux of the belly, or profufe eva- cuation of liquid excrements by ftcol. '^ • " DIARRHOE'TIC, Adj. in medicine, pro- moting a loofcnefs;caufing adifcharge by ftoolj purging:. DIA'RY, S. [diarum, Lat.] an account of the tranfaftioTS of a perfon every day. DI A'STOLE, S. [Gr. from JwrsX^a;, Gr,] in Anatomy, the motion of the heart or ar.^ teries, whereby the parts dilate or diftend thcmfelves. In Grammar, diafJoU, figniliis the lengthening a fyllable, which is natutally fliort. DIA'STYLE, S. [from iio. and <rv\o<:, a pillar, Gr.J in antient architefture, an eiiitice whofe columns ftand at fuch a diftance froni each other, that eight modules, or four diame- ters, are allowed for the intercolumniation. DIATESS'ERON, S. [from J,a, and rta-. aa^Tt, Gr. ] in Pharmacy, a medicine fo call- I e1, becaute compofed of four ingredients, 'viz. roots of ariftolochia, gentian, bayberries, and myirh. In mulic an interval compofed of one greater tone, one lefler tone, and one ' greater femi tone, Cf.llcd by moderns, a perfect j fourth. ! DIA'TO'NIC, S. [JioTW©-, Or.] the ordi- nary fpccies of mufic, which proceeds by dif- ferent tones, either in afcending ordefcending, and contains only the greiter arjd !:;fs tones, together 'vith the greater femi-tonc. DIAZEL'TIC Tone [of ha. and (e'jyvuut, Gr.J in antient mufic that which disjoined two founhs, one on each fide of it, and being joined to cither, made a fifth. This, in our mufic, is from A to B, fuppofing mi to lland in he-fa- ll-Kil. DIBBLE, S. a fmail fpide or pointed in- ftrument, ufed by gardeners lor making hole* in the ground in pLnting. DICE, S. the plural of DIE, which fee. DI'CER, S. one who plays at dice; % gamcfter. DICHOTOMY, S.[J'<x'S'andT£^vi,Gr.J in Logic, the diftribution or divifii^n of ideas into pairs. In aftioiiomy, thi p})a.fis of ih; appearance of the pjoon, whcreinihe is bife^- td, or (hews ;'Ut half her difk. . To DlCfAaE, V. A. [difiatum, fapirje of diflo. Lit.] to d' liver a command to an- other ; to fpeak with authority ; O delivi- • fpeech in words which is to be taken dowti . writinj. DICTA/TE, S. [diHafum, Lat.] a rule or mandate dehv;rcd by fome peffoii of autho- rity. DICT.A'TIOV D I E DICTATION, S. the aft or praftlce of prefcribing, giving orders, or laying down rules of condiift. DICT'ATOR, S. [Lat.] a Roman magi- ftrate, inverted with a confuiar and fovereign authority, having the power of life and death, to proclaim war, raife or difcharge forces without confent of the fenate, and remain- ing in his office for fix months, till Sylla and Caefar erected it into a perpetual tyranny. Figuratively, one who, by his credit and au- D IF To DI'ET, V. A. to feed or eat according to the rules and prefcriptions of medical wri- ters 5 to give food ; to board, or furnirti with viftuals tor money. DI'ET, S. [of diet, Teut. a multitude, or dies, Lat. an appointed day] an affembly of the ftates or circles of the empire, meeting CO delibera'e on fome public affair. DI'ETORY, Adj. belongmg to the rules of medical diet. Di'ETER, one who prefcribes rules for thority, direfts and regulates the conduft of > eating ; one who prepares food by medical rules. others. DICTATO'RIAL, Adj. after the manner of a diftator j imperious. DICTATORSHIP, S. the office of a iiftator. Figuratively, imperioufnei's, or au- thority carried too high. DICTATURE, S, IdiSlatui-a, Lat,] the office of a dictator. DI'CTIGN, S. [from di'aio, Lat.] the pe- culiar manner which an author has of expref- ling himfelf, whether it refpe£l tlie arrange- ment of his worcis, or the ufe of rhetorical figures. ^ DICTIO'NARY, yiaionarium, Lat.] the words of any language in their alphabetical order, with explanations of their meaning, or definitions. DlDA'CTIC,orDlDACTICAL,Adj. [^ DIETETIC, or DIETETICAL, Adj. [halimy.-r,, Gr.] belonging to food ; or re- lating to medical caution about the ufe of food. To DI'fFER, V. N. [dlffere, Lat.] to have properties or figure, which are not the fame as thofe of another perfon or thing to oppofe a perfon in opinion j to be of another ooinion. " DIFFE'RENCE, S. [differentia, Lat.] the ftate of being diftinft from fome other thing ; aditpute; debate; controverfy, or oppofuion of fentiments ; the property which dillin- guifhes one thing from another. In Arith- metic, the remainder after one quantity is taken from another. In Heraldry, fome- thing added to, or altered in, -a coat, whereby the younger families are diftinguifhed from JaxliX©^, Gr.] containing precepts or rules. Uhe elder, or to fhew how far they are re Dl'DAPPER, S. \duyck-dapptr, Belg.] in ) moved from the principal houfe. Ajcenfimal Natural Hiftory, a bird remarkable for its diving. DIDA'SCALIC, Adj. [from Ji?<ic->ttX(^, Gr.] giving or delivering piecepts or rules in fome art. To DIE, V, N, \deadan. Sax.] to lofe life; toex;»e; to lofe all the animal func- tion?, and have the foul feparated from the body ; to be punifiied with death. Figura- tively, to be loft, perif];, or be entirely laid afide. " Thofe thoughts which fiiould have died.''' Skak. To fink, faint, or lofe its vi- tal functions. " His heart dad v/'itlun him.'* I Sam, To la.n^uiih or be overcome with pleafure and tenderncfs. " To founds of heavenly harps (he dies away." Peps. To vanifn or difappear. " "Wh?n dying clouds contend with glowing light." Si>s.k. To lan- ^\\\{h with afFed\ion, in the ftile of lovers. To wither, applied to vegetables. To grow fpl- litlefs, taftelefs, or vapid, applied to liquors. DIE, S. [plural dice, dc, Fr. V;i, B.'it.] a fmall cube, marked on each of its fides with fpecks or dots, from one to fix, which is ufed by gameftcrs to pby with. Fiijurativtly, ha- »ard, or chance, ?.ny cubic body. DIE, S. [plural dies] the ftamp ufed in coin- ing, or the mould in v.hich medals are caft. DFET, S. foia.la, Gr.] food ; provifion for fjiisfying hungtr ; a regular courfe of food ordered and directed, in order to cure fome chronical dillempers. difference, in Aftronomy, is an arch of the equator, contained between the fix of the clock circle, and the fun's hoarry circle. Dif- ference >f longitude, of two places, is an arch of the meridian intercepted between tiie tw'o places. To DIFFE'RENCE, V, A. [from the noun,] to make one thing not the fame as another ; to diftinguifli one thing from ano- ther. DIFFE'RENT, Adj. [Fr. different, Lat.] difilnct ; or contrary qualities ; unlike. DIFFE'RENTlAL, Adj. in Geometry, an infinitely fmall quantity, or particle of a quan- tity, fo fmall as to be lefs than any aflignable ene. Differential method, is that of finding an infinite Imall quantity, which, taken an i,i- finite number of times, is equal to a given quantity. DIFFE'RENTLY, Adv. in a different man- ner. DIFFE'RINGLY, Adv. in a various man- ner. DIF'FICULT, 'Adj, [diff.c-jltc', Fr.] hard to be dene, underftood, or pleafed ; trouble- fome ; pe-v'fh ; morofe. DlFFl'CULTY, S. [difficulte', Fr. diff.- cuhas, Lat.] that vvhich lequiies, pains, care, and attention. Figuratively, diftrefs ; oppo- fition ; perplexity, or une.'.finefs, with refpe£t to circumftances. Objedtions or points nut eafilv a.ifwei-ed, or underftood. To D I G 1*0 DIFFI'DE, V. N. {deffido, Lat.] to diflriift, or repoft no confidence in. DJFf FDENCE, S. [diffidcntia, Lat.] want of truft, confidence, or courage, DIF'FJDENT, Part, or A-j. [diffidem, Lat.j wanting in confidence j diftruftful j fufpicious ; timorpus. DIF'FLUENCE, or DIFFLUENCY, S- {^diffjuens, Lat.] the quality of falling away on all fides, oi;po(ed to confiftency or folidity. DIF'FLUENT, Part, [dijjluens, Lat.j flow- ing away. DIFFRAN'CHISEMENT, S, [from di zndfranchifeFr.} the aft of taking away the privileges or charter of a city. To DIFFU'SE, V. A. [from diffufum, fu- pine of diffiindo, Lat.j to pour a iicjuid on a plain furtace, fo as it msy fpread itfclf every way. Figuratively, to fpread 5 fcairer j difperfe. DIFFU'SE, Adj. [diffufus, Lat.j fcattered or fpread widely. Applied to Ible, or the manner of a compofition, copious, oppofed to ccncije. DIFFU'SEDLY, Adv. in a copious, liberal, and extenfive manner j fpread every way. DIFFU'SEDNESS, S. the ftate of being fpread abroad ; copioufnefs of ftile. DIFFU'SELY, Adv. widely; extenfively. Applied to flile, copioufly. DIFFU'SION, S. the (late of being fpread' abroad. Copioufnefs or exubeiance, applied to ftile. DIFFU'SIVE, Adj. having the quality of fpreading abroad; fcattered or fpread abroad ; extended, DIFFU'SIYELY, Adv. widely; exten- fively. DIFFU'SIVENESS, S, extenGon j dlfper- fion; the power or quality of being fpread abroad. Applied to fiiie, want of concifenefs. To DIG, V. N. Idic, Sax. a ditch, dygtr, (Belg.j to open, or make a hole in the earth with a fpade. Figu'aiivc-ly, to pierce with a pointed inftrument, &c. To dig up, to throw up or uncover t.hat which is buried under the earth. DI'GEST, S. [digcfla, Lat.] a colleaion of the civil law, ranged under proper titles by the order of the emperor Juflinian. ToDl'GESr, V. A. Idigejlutn, fupineof digsio, Lat.j to diftiibute or range methoJi- cally into ditierect cialVes j to conco£l or dif- folve fond in the ftomach ; to reduce to any plan or fcheme 3 to receive a thing favoura- bly, without loaxhing or reluftance ; to re- ceive and enjoy, la Chemiftry, 10 fofcen by hear, boiling, or by putting a thing into a d'jnghill. In Surgery, to ripen an humour, or prepare it for evacuation, DiGE'STER, S, one whofe food eafily turns into chyle 5 a vefTei to boil any bony fubrtances to a fiuid ftate, DIGE'STION, S. in Medicine, thatchange which the food undergoes in the rtomach, in order to render ic f.t to lapply the conu.iuai D I L lofs fuflitnid by perfpiration, the animal func- tions, or e-tercife. In Chemiftry, i§ a diflb- iution .^ f any fubftsnce by artificiil heat. DIGE'STIVE, Adj. having the power to d'.flblve, slter, change, or turn the food into chyle ; capable of dilfolvlng by iis heat ; re- ducing to method. DIGE'STIVE, S. in Surgery, an appllca- tjon, which ripens and prepares the matter of wp^inds tor fuppuration. pi'GGER, S. one that opens the ground with the fpade. To DIGHT, V. A. [J-ighran, Sax. to pre- pare] to drefs, embellifii, or adorn. Dl'GlT, S, [digitus, L,t. a finger] three fourths of an inch m long mc^fure. In Agro- nomy, the I2lh part of the diameter of thsJ lun and moon. In Arithmetic, any number, exprelTed by a fingle figure. DIGITA'TED, AJj. [(rom dlgicus, Ln.} branched out into divifions, refembling fin- gers. In Botany, a digitated leaf, is one which confifts of feveral fimple leaves grow- ing on one footftalk, as, the cinquefoil ; or that which has many deep gaflies, cuts, or fegmeiiis, as the hoa, DIGNIFICA'TION, S. the aft of con- ferring honour ; the preferring to fome bo- nourabie rank., Di'GNIFIED, Adj. enjoying fame ho- nour^.ble poft, rank, or preferment, applied peculiarly to the clergy. To DI'GNIFY, V. A. [digvus, Lat. wor- thy, zndfado, to make] to advance, prefer, or exalt to fome plate which demands honour and reverence ; to honour ; to adorn ; tci render refpeiStable. DIGNiTA'RY, S. [from digr.;t.-.s, Lat.] a clergyman advanced to fome office that has not the cure of fouls. DIGNITY, S. dlgnitas, Lat.] rank, prefer.ijcnt, or poft ; grandeur, or a majeftic appeardn^e. AmoF.g the Clergy, a promotion or preffrment to which any jurifdiftion is annexed. In Aftroiogy, applied to a planet whivh is in any fign. To Dl'GRESS, V. N. [digrsfus, of digre- dior, Lat.j to dcfiart from the main fcope of a dileourfe, or intention of en argument ; to wander ; to go out of the tight way or com- mon track ; to err; to deviate. DlGRE'sSION, S. [digr^fio, Lat.j a pafi'agc which has no connection with the main fcopc of a djlcourfe ; deviation, or quie- ting the true path. DIKE, S. [die, or diet, Sax. diige, Dani diick, Belg.j a channel made to receive we* ter ; a mount to hinder inundations, or to keep water from overflowing. ToDILA'CERATE, V. A. [dilaciratvin,. fupine of dilace/o] to tear ; to force ia twain j to rend. DIL.-^'CERATION, S. \Uom dilaceretiot Lit. J the iit of forcing, tearing, or rcndin;. ^ 'i'o DU.A'NJ.''iTE, V, A. [dUiniatum, fa- y piae D I L pine of dranie, Lat.] to tear; to rend in pieces in a butcherly and favase manner, DlLAPlDA'TiON, S. [dilafidut-.o, Lat.] in Law, is where an incumbent oii a church bep.,-fue, fuffers the parfonage-houfe, or the cut-ljuufe, to fall down, or be in decay, for want of necelV^ry reparation. It is likewife applied to the pulling down any building", be- longing to any fpiritu.;! living, or fuft'-ring any wilful waiie upon the inheritance of the cl'.urch. UlLATABFLITV, S. {Uom d\latahk']\.\it •uality ot adniitiing or fufiering extenfjon. UlLA'TABi.E, Adj. [from d.latc\ that wliich mav be ftretched or extended. DILA'TATION, [from dUjfan'c, Lat.] the aa of extending cr (Irttching into a greater fpace. To DiLA'TE, V. A. [di!at», Lat.] to ex- tend, fpiead out, enlarge, or ftretch. Fig.u ratively, to relate a thing with all its minute circum'ftances. Neuteily, to grow wider; to viden. DILA'TOR, S, that which widens or extends any pal'.age. Dl'LATORIXliSS, S. [from dilatory] the (Quality of deferring a thing from one time to another throu(:h floth. Dl'LATCRY, Adj. {d'lLto'.re, Fr. dilato- r'lus, Lar.J putting oii' the doing of a thing from time to time through floth. DILE'MMA, S. [JiX/j.ujwa, Gr.] in Lo- ric, an argument confiding of two cr more propo.'itions, fodifpofed, that grant which you will, vou will be preifed by the conclufion. Figuratively, a difficult choice, or troublefome alternative. DlLl'GENCE, S. ldUigent!a,Lzt.] conftant endf-avour ; unremitted la'jour, or praClice. DILl'GENTLY, Adv. with tonftant la- fcour, caution, and care- DILU'CiD, Adj. \diluadus, Lat.] clear, plain, pure, and tranfparent ; obvious ; eafy to hf. uncerllood. To DILU'CFDATF, V. A . [from diluci- daius, o( di.'uiiJo, Lat,] to mske a propoiition ele;*! anl eafy to be underftcod ; to explain ; to free from obfcuriry. DII-UCIDA'VION, S. [from dilucidatto, Lat. J the making a fentence clear and eafy to be nnderi^ood ; an explanation. DILU'ENT, Ad;, [dihens, Lat.] having the power to m.ike tbin, or attenuate. DILU'LN r, S. [diluens, Lat.J that which int'Itef thin or f'.uid. • To DILUTE,- V. A. [duuium, fuplne of '*i]hio, Lnt.J to make a hquor thin by the mixture of fonte other; to weaken a liquor bv mixii:g another 'wi h it; to render or Ifnalte v^eak, applied to colours. To drink often in order to quench thiirt, and promote perfjiration. DJ'LUTER, S: that which renders a body iiqiiid ; or, if it were \o b-lore, that which 'reiiders it tkipner, gr xtiQXt liquid. D I M DIL'UTION, S. \dilutie, Lat.] the aft (*f rea:iariiig a liquid more thin or weak, by the addition of fome other, D1LL"/IAN, Adj [from rf(/«i;iam, Lat.] relating to, or re 'embling the deluge. " Sup- (jofi that this di'.wj'tan lake fhould rife to the to; s of the mountains." Burnet, DiM, Aijj, [^d'tm, dimgesd, Sax, dimmur, III. dy, Brit, doio. Arm. temnu, Rufl". tcmmi, Sclav, tcmny, Boh. teman, Dal. J having lome- thing which cbftrufts the fight, and hindert it from feeing clearly. Figuratively, deprived of its fplendor or brightnefs ; grown dark* Dull of apprehenfion, applied to the mind. To DIM, V. A. to darken, or obft:u£l the fight, fo as to hinder it from feeing objefl* in their full fplendor. Figuratively to make lels bright ; to render darklAi, DEME'NSION, S. [</;»;««>, Lat,] the ex- tenfion of a body confideied as meafuredjfiae; fpace contained in any body. The three di- menfions are length, breadth, and thicknefs, or depth," In Algebra, the powers of the roots, or the values of the unknown quan» lities of equations. DIMEN'SIONLESS, Adj. without any dimenfions ; of no certain bulk. DI'MENSI VE, Adj. that which marks the boundaries or out-lines ; that which defcribes the meai'ure or fpace occupied by a body. To DlMl'NISH, V, A. Idimlnuo, Lat.] to make a thing lefs, by cutting off or deftioying fome of its parts. Figuratively, to impair j lelVen ; to degrade, or render lefs honourable. Neuterly, to grow lefs or be impaired. DIMl'NISHIN'GLY, Adv. in fuchaman- ner as to detract from, or leffen the character and reputation of another. DIMINU'TION, S. dim'wutio, Lat.] the a£l of rendering a thiag lefs, by cutting oft or deflroying fome of its parts ; the fta e ot grow- ing lefs either in bulk or weight. Figura- tively, lofs, or catifing lofs of reputJti m or dignity to another; difcredit. In Architecture, the contradiction of a column as it afcends, whereby its upper part is made fmaller ihaa the lower, DiMINU'TIVE, Adj. [diminuti-vus, Lat,J fm.ill of lize, bulk, or dimenfions, DIMINU'TIVE, S. in Grammar, a word ufeo to express fmallnefs, or littienefs, DIMINU'TIVELY, Adv. in a diminutive or fmall manner, DIMINU'TIV'ENESS, S, fmallnefs, ap- plied to fi»e. Want of worth, applied to rank or dignitv. Di'MlSSORY, Adj. [i;'w>/roW«r, low Lat,] that by which a perlon is difmilled to the. iurifdiition of another. DI'METTY, S.[damit!ei, 01 dimUtes,Yr.^ a fort of cotton ftutt', very like fuliain. They came originailv from Smyrna, DI'MLY, Adv. {dmlic. Sax.] in a dull, obfv.ure, dark ijianner ; without a clear per- ception, applied w the fight or underftand- jiig i D I O ing ; deprived of its light, brightnefs, or fplendor. Dl'MNESS, S. [dimnes. Sax. dimm, and deme,K\i{i.\ dulnefs ot fight. Want of ap- prehenfion, applied to the mind. DIM'PLE, S. [from dint, a hole, d'lntk, a little hole, hence dimf/k'] a fmali hollow, or finking of the i'urface of the cheek or chin. To blM^PLE, V. N. to appear with little hollows or jnqualities ot furface. DIM'PLED, Pitt, or Adj. having dimples in tlie cheek or chin. . Dl'MFLY, Adv. full of dimples, or little dents or inqualities of furface. DIN, S. [dyn, ill. to thunder, dyn, Sax. a noiiej a loud noife , a violent and continued foiinc ; an uproar, or fliout. To DIN, V, A, [dynan,Siy:. dyn,H\.'] to ftun, or deafen witii trcquent noile and cla- mour. To DINE, V. N, \dhier, fr.] to eat one's chief or fecond meal, about the middle of the «ay. A£tjvely, to give a dinner. DINL'TICAL, Adj. [?:virii;'.©',Gr.] mov- ing round. " A ^ine/ica/ motion." Eroivn. To DING, V. A. [preter dung; from diin- gen, Teut.J to dafh with force or violence. Neuterly, to blufter, bounce, huff, or become infolent and imperious. *' He hufts and dingiJ'^ ilijlory of J. Eull, A low word. D'ING-DONG, S. a word by which the found of b;lls is mimicked. " Ding, dong, kell." Shak. DINGLE, S. [a diminutive from den, or «?;», Sax. holiowj a hollov/ betv/een hills j a vale or dale. " Ding'e or buihy dell of this Viild wood." Mi!t. Dl'NING-ROOM, S. the principal apart- ment of a houfe, whcr -in entertainments are madd. DlN'xVER, S. [dher, Fr] the chief meal, or that which is eaten about the middle ot the day. D'lnnf.r-tlme, is thit time of ihe ciay v/hen people ufually dine. DINT, S. [dynt, Sax. a ilrokej a blow or flroke ; violsrce; force; power. DINUMERA,'TiON,.S. \d>r.umerauo,'L3.X.'] the a6l ot numbering out fuu'ly. DlOCE'SAN, S. a Lifho'p confiJered in the relation he fiands in to his inferior clergy. DiO'CESE, S. [dlcKC'jh, of JiOiKnj-if, Gr.J the circuit of eveiy biiliop's juriiii'ttion. DiO'PTRIC, or DlO'PTRiCAL, Adj. ft'rom ho-rl'.y.ui, Gr.J affording a medium for the fi;ht, or afliiting the figiit in the view of diflant objefts. DIO'PTRICS, S, the fcience of refraQive vifion, or that part of optics which confiders the different refra<fl:iuns of light, in its paflage through different mediums j as air, water, glafs, &c. DIORTHRO'SIS, S. [Gr. from ^100^^01, to m.ilcc ftraight] a chirurgical oi'eration, by which crooked or dillorted niembets are made Crjight, ot tqduccd to thtir jiropci Jhapc, D I R To DIP, V. A. [paiticip. dipped or dipt i from dippan. Sax. dy;:p(r, Dan. docpet:, Beljj.J to put into any liquor lb as to cjvcr it there- with J to moiflen, or wet ; to mort^iage, or engage as a pledge or fecurity, " Never </<^ thy lands." D^yd, Neuterly, to fink ; 10 immerge, or plunge into rny liquor ; to t.:ke a curfory or flight view ; to read a p:ige or twd in a book. " Upon dipping in the -'irft vo- lume." Pope. To pitch upon, or take from others by chance, or without celiber.itip' :. *"' Suppofe — I dipp''d among tiis word, and Statius chofe." Dryd. 'Co dye. < DIPETA'LOUS, Adj. f from .^V and dr;- T;i\cV; Gr.] in ootany,' applied to fuch flowerj as have two leaves. DI'PI-ITHONG, S. \y^-^'ioyy<^, Gr.] ths joining two vo.vcls to^ctlicr, fa as to forr.i one found. Di'PLOE, S.in Anatomy, the inner plate, or lamina of the ftciill. DlPLO'MA, S. [h'ry.c.-y.'j., Gr ] a lefer, or writing inferring fome pnviiejfe, or title ; fo caileJ, bccaufc formerly written on w.;>;cd tables, which were fo'.ded tojeilxi;!'. . DITPER, S. one who dips in the water. Figuratively, one that takes a ll ^ht or fuper- ticial view of an autht>r. DIPPl'NG-NEEOLE, S.. a long ftraight piece of flee', eju.illy poifed on its cuntre, and afterwards touched with a load-fione, fo ontrived as to fv.ing in a vertical plans, about an axis parallel to the hoiiion, in order to difcover the exa£^ tendency of the power of magnetlfm. It-wlis invented by one Robert Norman, a compfs-.ijp.kiir, of Wapping, in 1576, and v/as by Mr. Whi(!on. applied to difcovet the longiitude, but without fuccsfs. Dl'PTOTE, S. [fiWTiJla, Gr.] in Gram- mar, applied to fucti nouns as,hjve only tv.o cafes. DI'PTYCr-I, S. }diptycha, Lat.] a regifler of bilhcps and martyrb. " The conr-.memo- ration 01 faints was made out oi the diptych,'" SiUilingji. DIRE, Adj. \diru%, Lat.] dreadful, ot afl'etlin? a beholder wi.n h(>!ror. DIRE'CT, Adj. [,/-rfff//5, Lat.] flraight. In Aftro^omy, appearing to the eye to movs progrefiively through the Zodiac, oppofed to retrograde. In Pedigree or Genealogy, ftom grandfather, to giandfon, fe'r, oppofoo to tc'r lateial. See DESCENT, i'lain j 'open in fpeech. To DIRE'CT, V. A. [direSibm, fupine of dirigo, Lat J to go in a flr.ijght liiif ; to aim or point againft as a markj to regulate, or adjull J to prefcribe mcafures, or a ccrtiitt courfe 5 to order. To dire^ a leticr, is ^o write the petfon'o name and a', ode en the outfiie, to whom it is to be carried. DiRE'CTION, S. [dWeai'j, Lat.] ten- dcjicy or aim at a certain point 5 moiivn iin» pttflfd by a cettajn impulfe 3 ordc.s ; coni- Y a mand \ D I S fiiind ; tlie fuperfcription of a tetter, or par- cel, an inA)rmation given to a perfon to find out a place. DIRE'CTIVE. Adj. having the power of direding, informing, or /hewing the way. DIRE'CTLY, Adv. in a ftraight line j without going about ; immediately j prefently; focin. Without delay, applied to time. With- out ciicumlocution cr evafions, applied to language, or argument. DIRE'CTNESS, S. the quality of pro- ceeding in, or not deviating troiu, a ftraight line ; the neareft wav. DIRE'CTOR, S.'fLat.] one who prefides in an aflembly or public company } one who is intrul^ed with the guidance, fuperinten- dence, or management of any defign, or work. Fijiuratively, a perfon vho regulates the con- dufl of another ; an ir,firu£lor j one who is confulted in cafes of conftience. In Surcery, an inflrument ufed to guide the hand in fome operation. DlRE'CTORV, S. that which direfls; a book publifhed by the non-conformifts, to regulate the behaviour and rites of their brethren in divine worfhip, Dl'REFUL, Adj. lull of terrorj very terri- ble ; dlfmal. DI'REFULNESS, S, the quality which affedts the mind with dread on the fight of fome ghafily or terrible objefl. DIRCE, S. a mournful fong fung at the funeral of perfons ; the name of the ftrvice uferi for dead oerfons in the Romifh church. DKRIGENT, Part, or Adj. [dirigens, Lat.J in Geometry, applied to a line, along ^hich the line which defcribes any thing moves. DIRK, 8. a kind of a dagger ufed in the Highlands of Scotland. DIRT, S. [dr:,!!, Belg. dirt, Iflan. dier, Brii.J mud ; or the filth, which is found in ftrcets or highways; any thing which foils. Figuratively, meannefs. DFRTILY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to daub or foil. Figuratively, di/honeftly ; mean- ly ; fiiamefnlly. Di'RTINESS, S. filthinefs ; foulnefs. Fi- gurativelv, difhonefty ; meannefs ; bafeiiefs. DI'RTY, Adj. foul ; daubed ; or made rafty with dirt. Figuratively, difhoneft ; jnear. j bafe. To DI'RTY, V. A. to foil ; to fmear or diub with dirt. Figuratively, to fcandalize, or difgrace. DIRU'PTION, S. the z€i of burfting or breaking afunder, DIS, an infeparable particle, ufed in com- Bofition, and implying a negation or priva- tion. Thii!, to UKiCe, is to join the fcvcral parts tope her, fo a? to form one body ; but to difun'it;, is to feparate them, fo as to make thetia become fo many diftindt bodies. DISA'EILITY, S'. [from d\fc!^U\ the want of fufficient power to accompliih any defiyi 3 D I S or want of fufiicient abilities Xjt underrtand .iny propofition or doftrine j want of prope; qualifications. To DISA'BLE, V. A. to deprive of na- rural force or power ; to weaken. Figura- tively, to impair or diminilh. " I have dif- aH'.d mine eflate," Shak. To render in- aftive or unfit for a£tion. " A great fieet dljabled for two months." ferrph. To rob of power, influence, efficacy, ufefulnefs, or pleafure. " Worfe than age d'lfabU your delights." D'-yd. To render a perfon unfit, or exclude hini from an office, for wanting tlie proper qualifications. ToDhSABU'SE, V. A. to free a perfon from fome miftakeor error ; to undeceive. DISACCOMMODA'TION, S. the ftate of being unfit or unprepared. To DISACCORD, V. A. to difagree. D1SADVA'NTAGE,S. the want of fame, credit, honour, cr any thing neceffary to give a perfon a pre-eminencej lofs j injury ; a ftate unprepared for d';fence. DISADVANTA'GEOUS, Adj. contrary to interefl or profit ; contrary to convenience j. unfavourable. DISADVANTA'GEOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as is inconfiftent with intereft or profit; in a manner not favourable, or fuit- able to any u.i'eful end. DISADVANTA'GEOUSNESS, S. oppo- fition or contrariety to profit, convenience, or intereft. To DISAFFEC'T, V. A. to alienate, turn afide, or weaken the affeftions of a perfon. DiSAFFE'CTED, Part, or A.-*j. alienated ; having loft all alTeftion or zeal for a perfon or intereft. Generally apolied vo thcfc who are enemies to an eftablifliment or govern- ment. DISAFFE'CTEDLY, Adv. in a difloyal manner. piSAFFE'CTEDNESS, S, the quality of being no friend or well-wiflier to an eftaBlifli- ment or government. DISAFFE'CTION, S. v/ant ef zeal for the government, or ardour for a reigaing prince. DISAFFIRMANCE, S. a confutation, or the deniil of fomsthing 'affirmed. '' A de- monftration in difijfir»:anc( Q\ any thing that is a.ffirmed." Ha e. To DISAFFOR'EST, V. A. to throw open to common ufe; to render from thepMvile£es of a foreft to that of c-mmnn ground. To DISAGRE'E, V. N. to differ with refpeft to qualities ; to dii^'cr with lefpeit to iipinion ; to be in a ftjte of oppofition. DlS.'VGREE'ABLE, Adj. contrary to, or inconfiftent with ; urpleafing to the tafte, fight, cr other fcnfcs. DlSAGREE'ASLENESS, S. unfultable- nefs J unpleafantnefs 3 offenfiveneis to the fenfes- DISAGREETWENT, S. difiVcnce of qua- lijxe* J D I S fitlej; contrariety of fentimcnts ; coatentlon or ftrife. To DISALLOW, N. A. to deny the au- thority of a perfon or thing j to confider as unlawful ; to cenfure j or refufe counte- nancing an action. Neuterly, to refuie per- miflion ; to deny, or not to grant. DISALLOW ABLE, Adj. that which is not fuff-red, permitted, owned, or counte- nanced. DISALLOWANCE, S. the refufal of perrrifTion or countenance j the looking on a thijig as unlawful. To DISA'NCHOR, V. A. to drive a Jhlp' from its anchor. To DISA'NIMATE, V. A. to ki;i, or deprive oi life. Figuratively, to difcour^age, or difhearten. DISANIMA'TION, S. the lofs of life ; death. " ArTedtions which depend on life, and depart upon dijanimation.'''' Br<i'w», ToDlSANNU'L, V. A. to annul, to de- prive of authcrity ; to abolifh ; to difallow. To DISAPFE'AR, V. N, to be loft to view, or out of fi;;ht ; to vanifh out of fight. To DISAPPOINT, V. A. to hinder a perfon from enjoying or receiving what he expected ; to frudrate an expeifcation, DISAPPOI'N TMENT, S. tne not re- ceiving a thint: cxpefted. DISAPPROBA'TION, S. an aft of dif- llke, ariling from fo.T.ething difagreeable to a perfon's tafte, or not confiftent with his choice or judgment. To DISAPPROVE, V. A. [dljappr<yvev, Fr.] to diflike ; to fhew that a thing war.is merit to enj^see our love, or fectire efteem. To DISA'RM, V. A. [d>farmer, Fr.J to take away arms from a per'on, ToDISARRA-y, V. A. to undrefs ; or pull off a psrfon's cloaths. *' The witch they dijarreiyd.^'' Fairy S^ucen. DISARRA'V, S diforderjconfufionjlofs of order in liaitle ; undrefs. DISA'STER, S, [defrjlre, Fr.] misfor- tune; an incident occiii.ning grief, by its being unexpedted snd unnclcrvdH. DISA'STROUS ,Adj. unlucky; unfortu- nate ; calamitous j or aiflifled by the hap- pening of fome luoden and unexpected mif- forturvs. DISA'STROUSLY, Adv. in an unlucky, unfortunate, or ilili(fling manner. To DISAVOU'CH, V. A. to refufe ; de- ny ; or dilown, " They flatly ^//iiTouc/j — to yield him mere obedience." Daniel. To DISA VO'\V,V. A. to difown ; to deny the knowledge of a perion or thing ; to refute concurring in a defign or undertaking ; to lay alide, decline, or abhor. DISAVO'WED, S, denial; difowing ; abhorrence, DISAVO'WMENT, S. denial. To DiSAUTKORlZE, V. A. to leffen the credit of a thing, or render it fufpicious. B I S " Infufficlent to difautborife a note grounded upon ihf. final intention of nature." yFctto't, To DISBa'ND, V. .:. to difmifs from aa. army; to difocnd fulJlers. Fij;i!'-i:v.ly, to difcharge from fervtce, or annihilate. Neu- terly, to quit the f^rvice of the a.-my, to break up or feparate. ToDISDA'RK, V. A. {aV-^rnuer,?-.^ to brin^ to land from a fhio ; to^put on fhore -rom fome vtifel. See DEh.iRK. piSBELlF.'F, S, refufal o:" giving .ifient to a thing whicii is piopofed to be believed. To DISBELIE'VE, V^, A, to with-hold or refufe alEcnting to £ thing prop.cfcd as true ; tj deny the truth of a doctrine or profofition, DiS'SELIE/VER, S. one who refufes to aflent to a thing propofec to him as trus ; one ho retules to believe a truUi or doitrim;; an infidel. To DISBRANCH, V. A. to fepar.ite or cut off a branch from a tree. Figuratively, to disjoin or feparate. " She. that herfclf will (livCr and dljbrancb from her maternal fap." Shak. To DISBUD, V. A. in Gardening, to take away fuch blanches or twigs, as are newly put forth and ill-placed. To DIS lU'RDEN, V. A. to free from any preffmg and tioublefomc weight or load } to clear from any impediment; to communi- cate one's afflictions to another, and thereby leilen their preffure. " Difiurdcn all thy cares on me." Aldif. Neuterly, to eafc the mind of fome prefling affliction. To DISBL'/RSE, V. ^.[debourfer, Fr,] to fpend or lay on'' money, DISBU'RSEMENT,S. [dehourjemenc, Fr.] the fpcndingor laying out money. DISBL'''RSER, S, one that lays out mo- ney, or defrays the expences of an under- taking. To DISCA'NDy, V. A. to diffolveor melt. " To dtjcan-^y, melt their fwcets." t^hak. To DISCa'RD, V. A. to difcharge from any fervice or employment. To refufe any turJier acquaintance, applied to lovers. DISCA'RNATE, Adj. [from ^aand cara, Lac. fleih, fcarna:o, Ita).] ftripped of fl^rti. " A memory, like a fjpjJchre, furniP.icd with a load of broken and djcumaie bo.ies." Glan. To DISCA'SE, V. A. to pull off one's cloaths ; to (<rip, " I will dilcaf! me." Sij.jli, ToDI'SCLRiN', V. A. (dljcemo, L:Lt.] to delcry, difcwv^r, or perceive i-y llii; i\^\it ; to dillingiiilh ; to make a dirtindion or difference neiween. DI/SCERNER, S. a difcoverer ; o.- one who defcries ; a judge ; ont; capable of dif- liiigulftiinp, or perceiving the differences of things, DISCE/RNICLE, Adj, that which may be feen or difcovered by the eye, or judgment ; diftinguilhable j apparent. V 3 DIS- D I S DISCE'RNIBLENESS, S. the pofliblllty cf being dilcovered by the light, or percejveu by the :r.iad. DISCE'RNII^LY, Adv. in fuch a manner ii miy be diliiivui/iied or perceived. DISCIi'RKlNG, Part, or Adj. having the power (;f making a diftiniTcion between things, or cercf iving ihofe quahtits or properties in which they differ ; judicious. DISCE'RNINGLY, Adv. with difcretion or pru'.encs, arifinji from a knowledge of the quah'.ics in which things or perfons diTer from each other. DliCEi^xN'MENT, S. judgment ; or the pcwer 0.'' difli.^guili■lii^g thi; qualities in which things or per.Oar.s differ fioia each other. ToDlSCKA'RGE, V. A. [decharga; Fr.] to free from any load or employ nunc ; to turn aw.ny from a fervice, or out of a poft. Figura- tively, to fhoot oil a gun ; to clear or pay a Cebt ; to i'lce froai an obligation j jto clear fror.i"ari accafdiion ; to perform or execute an office J to difoand an army, or difmifs from attend-ncc. DlSCllA'RGE, S. vent; explofion ; the niattcr vented ; the dilappearance, vanifning, or defiroying of aco'.oTirj difmiffion from an office, or employment ; the payment of a debt; performance of a duty ; exemption, or acquittance ; or the adl of freeing or clearing a inan from an acciifation. DISCHA'RGER, S. one who performs a duty ; xnal^es a payment ; difmiflcs a fer- vant J frc: s from attendance or captivity 5 or fires a pun. DISCi'PLE, S. [Jifcipulus, Lit.] a fcho- Jar, or one who attends the lectures, and profiles the tenets ot another. DiSCI'PLESHIP, S. the ftate or condition of a fcholar, or one who tollows the princi- ples of any pai titular teacher. DISCl'PLINABLE, Adj. [difclpUr.ahUh, Lat.j capable of inftruftion or improvement j fit to ht puniihed for not attending to the inftrutlions of a mafter. DiSClPLI'NABLENESS, S. capacity of receiving, and improving by inflrudtioii. _ D.SCIFLINA'RIAN, Adj. belonging to difcipline. • DISClPLINA'RIAN, S. one who rules or teiches with great ihidnefs or rigour ; one who will not permit a perf.in to diviate fom his do£trine ; a diilenttr, fo called Irom iheii fuppofi-d clamour apir,ft<he church, for want ol rifidncfs in its difcipline. Dl'SCiPLINARY, Adj. {dijdplwa, Lit.] hetongiiif; to difcij line, or a regular courfe of jnnrur'.ion or educ.ition. DI'SClPLlIvE, S. [diJcipUna, Lat.] in- .ftiu^ion, education, or the method taken to adorn the mind, and irifufe viituous habits. Fij.ur.jttvc!y, rule or meth»d of government ; rriilit?.ry Older, government, maxims, or re- t;ui,>.'iicns ; a ftate of fubjeilion or obedience; ■i: I ihinjj taught : a doflrinC; art, or fciencej D I S puflfiiment, correai.m, or chaftifmcnt for tranfgrefling the rul--s of conduft, or neglc£l- ing to make a proper ufe of inftru£tion. To DI'SCIFLINE, V. A. to communi- cate the rudiments of learning ; to inftrudl or educate; to regulate, or keep in order ; to punifti, cortefl, or rhaftife for breach of com- ma;;J, or ne^L-ft of inftru£tion ; to reform, or advance in inrtruftion or knowledge. " /.);/'- cipiind—isom (hanowy types to truth." Milt. To UlSCLA'iM, V. A. to difown ; to deny having any knowledge of, or acquaint- ance with ; to withdraw a claim ; to re- nounce. DISCLA'IMER, S. one who difcowns or renounces. \n Ljw, a plea containing an exprefs denial or refufal. To DiSCLO'SE, V. A. [difchdo, Lat.j to uncover or difcover a thing which nas been hid ; to reveal what fliould be, or ib, hid or fecret. DiSCLO'SER, S. one who difcoversfome- thing hidden, or reveals fome fecret. DISCLO'SURE, S. the making a thing feen, which was hidden from fight ; the re- vealing a fecret. To DISCC'LOUR, V. A. to fpoil the colour of a thing ; to flain, or daub. DISCOLOURA'TJON, S. a ftain, or change of colour for the worfe. To DISCOM'PIT, V. A. [dejcorf.t, Fr. A'^'J/^f "'^j It^hJ to overcome, beat, or over- throw ; to rout an enemv in b.ittij. DISCOM'MT, S. a defeat ; a rout, or overthrow of an enemy. DiSCOMTITURE, S. overthrow ; de- feat ; rout; ruin. Ufcd in tie followmg fentcnce inflead oi d.Jcor:fcrt, but imprcpcily. *' What a defeat ana dijcomf.tuie it is to man, when he comes to get his wealth, to find it all falfe rrietal." Gwv, of the 'Tci.gue. DISCOM'FORT, S. a great' degree of uneafinefs ; melancholy ; defpair j or lofs of comfort. To DISCOMTORT, V. A. to make a pert'on uneafy ; to grieve, afflifl, fadden, or deprive of comfort. DISCOMFORTA'BLE, Adj. refufing comfort, or rejcfling conlolaiion ; occafioning fadnefs or melancholy. ToDISCOMME'ND, V. A. to blame j difapprove, or rcnfure. DISCOMME'NUACLE, Adj. deferving blame or cenfure. DiSCOMMENDA'TiON, S. blame ; cen- fuie ; repro.Ach. DISCOMME'NDER, S. one who blames or cenfures. _, To DISCOMMO'DE, V. A. to put to an inconvenience ; to rumple or diforder drefs. DJSCOMMO'DIOUS, Adj. inconvenient; attended wiih iro'.ible ; diffletrfmg. ; DISCOMMO'DITY. S. inconvenience ; difacvjntage ; hurt or mifciiiuf. ' To' DiSCUAJi'O'JjE^ flrotnaf/i an3 com- D I S pcjltum, fupine of compono, Lat.] to put into confulion or dilorderj to ruffle, applied to the temper or mind ; to rumuk cloaths j to vex ; to tret. UlSCOMPO'SURE, S. diforder, perturba- tion, or difquiet of mind, arifing I'rom lome difagreeable or afflifting circumftance. To DISCONCE'RT, S. to unfettle, dlf- ©rder, or difcompofe the mind ; to frufl:rate or defeat an undertaking or defign. DlSCONFO'RMl TY, S. wantof agree- ment ; inconfiftency ; or oppofition of fenti^ ments. DISCONGRU'ITY, S. difagreement 3 dif- ference ; inconfi .fancy. DIbCON'SOLATE, Adj. without com- fort; wiibout hope; melancholy; or griw- ed on account of lome afilidtion, and rtfaiing com Tort, LMSCON'SOLATELY, Adv. in a com- fortjefs manner. DISCON'SOLATENESS, S. the (late of a f.-erron under affiiftion ; refufing comfort. DISCONTE'NT, S. want of content ; be- ing unfatisli^d with one's prefent condition. DiSCONTE'NTED, Adj. unealy ; unfa- tiefied with one's prefent condition ; male- jfolent. DISCONTE'NTEDNESS, S. uneafinefs ; the not being pleafed or fatisfied with one's prefent condition ; the not approving of or receiving a ftiil fatisfadion at the fight of an • l.jedt. JDISCONTE'NTMENT, S. the ftate of being didaiisfied or iineafy. DISCONTl'NUANCE. S. want of union or aohefion ; the feparation of the parts of any body. CelTalion : intermiflion ; or flop, ap- plied to a£lion. In Law, an interruption, or the breikin? off fomething begun. DISCONTINUATION, S. the breaking the continuity ; breach ot union, or feparation ef the parts of a thing. To DISCONTINUE, V.N. [difiontinuer, Fr.J to break oft"; to feparate; to lofe an eilabli/hed privilege or cuftom. A£lively, to leave oft; to ceale from any a£lion which is begun ; to interrupt. DISCON T IN U'lT Y, S. want of cohefion ; breaking oft" union. Dl'SCORD, S. [dif,ord!a, Lat.] a fiate D I S DISCORDANCE, or DISCORDANCY, S. difagreement; oppofition; inconfiftency. DISCO'RDANT, Adj. {dijcordans, Lat.] inconQftent; difiigreeing or at variance witli itfelf ; oppofite or contrary ; not conformable to a rule. DISCO'RDANTLY, Adj.lnfuch a man- ner as to be at variance, or inconfiftent witli itfelf. Not harmonizing or agreeing witli each other, applied to founds ; peeviftily. To DiSCO'VER, V. A. [deco:'.'v,lr,¥t.'\ to make a thing feen by removing the co- vering which concealed it from fight ; to make known ; to find out fomething un- known ; to difclofe, or bring to light lome- thing which is fectet, and endeavoured to be kept To. DISCO'VERABLE, Adj. that v/hich may be found out either by application of ths mind, or foine of the external fenles ; appa- rent ; obvious. DISCO'VERER, S. one who finds out a thing, place, or pofition, not known before. DISCO'VER Y, S. the ad of finding out any thing hidden ; ihevving any thing con- cealed or covered ; or revealing any thing fecret. To DISCOU'NSEL, V. A. to diffuade ; to turn afide Irom any vice, undertaking, or perfualion. " Him — from that vanity — with temperate advice dijccwjelLd.''' Mill. Dl'SCOUNT, S. a fum allowed a perfon for payment, before the' biii or debt beco.Ties due, which is generally as much as the in- terefb would amount to for the Ipace the bill has to run from the tme- of pajment, or of making that allowance. To DISCOU'NT, V. A. to give a perfon ready money for a bill before due, allowing intereft for the time which it has to run ; to allow or abate a perfon a certain fum for prompt payment, on the purchale of any com- modity. To DISCOU'NTENANCE, V. A. to dif- courage by cold treatment, or indifference ; t9 (hew one'i difapprobation of any meadire, by coldnefs of behaviour, or by taking fuch me- thods as may (ieteat it. Figuraturcly, to aoafli, or put to fliame. DISCOU'NTENANCE, S. coldnefs or indifference of treatment and behaviour ; uu- wherein perfons mutually endeavour to hurl i'rienJIy alpedt or re^^ard each other, and are loft: to all the tender fen timerits ot humanity and benevolence ; dif- agicemsnt. Eigurativdy, difterence, con- trariety, or oppofition of qualities. In Mu- iic, the relation of two founds which are in themfelvtts dilagreeable, whether applied in fuccefiion or confequence. If two fimple notes, when founded together, make a mix- ture, or compound found, which is difagree- able t(i the ear, it is called a dijcord. To DISCO'RD, V. N. [d.jccrdo, L^t.] to LISCOU'NTEN ANCER, S. one who dif- courages by cold iieatrnent, by an untavour- able afped, or by want of warm unJ cotoial af.'iclion. To DISCOU'RACE, V. A. to difhear- ten ; to deprive ot courage 01 vigour ; to deter from any attempt; ufed wirh/;xw, and loi* properly with to. *' D:Jcourcge them to ftay with you." I'en.pk. DISCOU'RAGER, S. one who Hamps rr checks the courage or vigour of a peifon ; dirj^rcc ; to produce a d'fagreeable ana un- who deters or lii^uteiis a perlon iio.-n }),eilinj founJ when joined tOi^etheE. 1 attempt. ^ 4 DIS- D I S DISCOU'RAGEMENT, S. the aft of fright ning or deterring a perfon from any attempt, by reprefenting the dangers attend- ing it, or by involving him in uifiicjlties ; jny impediment or difficulty which lenders a perfon unwilling to undertake or actoinplifli 3 delign. PISCOU'RSE, S. [from difcours, Ft. of (i'tfcuifus, Lat,] in LcgiC) an adt or operation of the mind, whereby it p.oceeds from a thing known to one unknown, or from pre- mifes to confequences j cdnverratioii or lalk, wherefh perfojis mm ually convey the.r iJeas or fentimen;s to each other ; fpeech j a trea- tife or dificrtation written or uttered. To DISCCU/RSE, V. N. t-) converfe or talk with another j to treat a fubjcft in a folemn or fct manner ; to reafon or proceed f*om proporuioiis to their confequences. DISCOU'RSER, S. a fpeaker, cr writer on any fubjeft. DISCOU'RSIVE, Adj. paffing, or ad- vancing from a known thing to ar; unknown, cr from premifes to conf&qutinces ; partaking pf the natuie of dialogue or converfation. DISCOL'^RTEOUS, Adj. void of civ'lity, or complailance. DlSCOU^RTESy, S. an aft of rudenefs, difrefpecV, or incivility. _ DISCO'URTEOUSLY, Adv. in an uii- Civii or rude mann'.T. Dl'SCOUS, Adj. in Botany, applied to fuch flowers as confift of many lloteis, totm- ing a broad, plain, or fiat furiace, fuch as the Jios fo/is, CiJ'c, ' DISCRE'DIT, S. [Jis and crtdif, ti,Jcre- ditir, Fr.J difgrace \ ignominy j infamy j ,or that which involves a perfon in /liame or in- famy ; the imputation of a fault, which kilcns the tame ot a perfon, and deprives him of the ^ eftrem he erioyrd before. To DiSCRE'PlT, V. A. [dljatdiier, Fr.J to rieftroy the reputation of a perfon or thing; to render a thing fufpicious which is bclievei! to be true ; to hinder a rumour from fpiead- ing, by /hewing it to be falfe. DISCREET Adj. [Fr. oUljcretui, Lat.] able to dilHrgui/h, and taking time to dif- tingu:i]i between thiBgs and their confjquen- ces ; afting with prudence and caution j mo- defl ; not forward, _ DISCREETLY, Adv. prudently ; cau- tioufly; in fuch a manner as flie^vs delibera- tion and regard for the difKrEnces of things an 1 their conffC,uences. DISCREETNESS, S. the qu-liiy of aft- ing agreeable to the differences or nature of things j a cofldufl guided by deliberation and prulence. DISCRETE, A'ij. [dljcrttu,, Lat.] applied to quantity ; that wnich is not continufd or joined together ; fej arate ; diriinO. Applied to propofitions fuch as cont<iin truths or Icnti- menis fet in con: raft to each other, and Joined by a dilcfciive ccnjuntlion, as^ " i rtjign my D I S iljc, but not my honour,^'' is a difcreti propoG- tion. Dtjcrete proportions is when ths ratio between two pairs of numbers, or quantities, is the fame ; bu: the proportion btt^veen all the four numbers is r.ct the fame. Thus 8 ; 8 ; : 3 : 4, the ratio between 6 and 8 is the fame as that between 3 snd 4 ; but 6 is not to 8 as 3 is to 4, and therefore the pro- portion is not continued between all the four numbers as in tne continued proportionals, 3:6: : 12 ! 24. DiSCRLTlON, S. [decreiio, Lat.] pru- dent behaviour, arifing from a knowledge of, and a£ling agreeable to, the difference of things. Figuratively; an uncontrouled power, or one which is to be limited by no conditions. " I-ie furrenders at dijcraion.^' PISCRETJONARY, Adj. left to a£k without any other lellraint or guide, than a pcrfon's ov/n pru.ience and difcietion. DISCRETIVE, Adj. [Iijcretui, Lat.] in Logic, applied to fuch propolitions wherein various and feeming oppofite judgments are made, which are noted by the particles tut, though, yet; as, "France was besten in all parts of the world ; though (he behaved with all the haughiinefs of a conqueror." Iij Grammar, applied to fuch conjunftions as imjly a contralt or oppofuicn, '* Not a bcalt, but a man." DISCRI'MINABLE, Adj. diflinguilhablc by fome outward marks. To DISCRI'MJNATE, V. A. yijcrmtm, Lat.j to dirtinguifh or n^ark with ibme note, which fliews a diflcrence j to feparate or feisft as different. DISCRPMINATENESS, S. diftinaion : or obvious dilfeience, which renders a repa- ration and diftin£fioiJ eafy. DiSCRl'MlNATION, S. [dijcrlminatio, Lat.] the date of a thing feparated from othtri, and diftinguifhed tor peculiar ufes; difliii£\ion, or tiie method of teC.ifying the ■ coiifcioufnefi a perfon has of the difference between certain things j the notes or marks which .iifiini.uiih things fiorii each other. DISCRl'iVIINATIVE, A<i'y ijiat which conititutes, or which has regard to the dif- icrence between tjiir^-s. piSCRl'MlNOUi, Adj. [(torn dijai men, Lat. danger] full of danger. " Spilling oi blood imports a very dijcrimiitoui ftate." Har-vey. DiSCU'MBENCY, S. [difcumbem, Lat.] the i€t or poflure of lying aicng at nieais, al- ter the Romdn manner. " Tiie Giceks and Remans ufed the cuflom of difciunbtncy at meals." Broiun. To DISCU'MEER, V. A. [from dh and cumhc, or ufed, by poi'tical licence, for dij- encumber] to difengage or fiee from any thing which is a lead, or hinders a perfon from a free a'e of his limbs. "The limbs dijcum- bered ixQxn ihec'inginE veft." Fcpe. DISCU'RSIVE, Adj. [d:jcurj/, Fr.J in perpetual D I S perpetual motion or agitation. In Lo^ic, pro- ceeding from things known, to things un- knowa. DiSCUR'SIVELY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to deduce one thing from another, or a thina; unknown from on2 that is known. DlSCUll'SORY, AHj. [difcurjor, Lat.j deducing things unknown from thofe which are known ; argumentative. DIS'CUS, S. [Lat.J in Antiquity, a round Aield confecrated to the memory of fome hero, and hufig up in temples in commemo- ration ot fome great exploit. Likewife an inrtrument ufed by the Romans in tiieir games, which is io varioufly defciibed by oifferent authors, that it if not eafy to deter- mine what it was ; but the general opinion is, that it refemoled our quoit. To DISCU'SS, V. A. [Jifcvjum, fupine of difcutio, Lat.] to examine ; to get over or explain a difficulty by meditation or debate. In Surgery, to difperfe any humour or fwel- ling. DISCU'SSER, S. one who determines a point, or explains a difficulty. DISCU'SSION, S. the explaining a dif- ficul'v ; the examining into fome knotty point or fentiment. In Surgery, the removing or difperfion <>f any humour or fwelling by in- fenlible peripiration. DISCU'SSIVE Adj. having the power to difp'-rle any uumour. DISCU'TIENT, S. Idifcuf.-em, Lat.] in Phyni, a medicine which opens the pores, attenuates the fluids, and difperfes humours, by infenfible pclpiration, or oiherwile. To DISDAI'N, V. A, [deda'igr.er, Fr. formerly fpeic dndaigner] to rejeft with fcorn; to retui'e or decline with abhorrence, as un- worthy one's charadler. DISDAI'N, S. contempt, as imworthy of one's choice 5 abhorrence j or contemptuous anger and indignation, blSDA'INFUL, Adj. abounding with in- dignation ; haughtily ; Icornful. DiSDA'INtULLY, Adv. in a contemp- tuous manner j with proud or haughty fcorn. DISDAIN'FULNESS, S. contempt pro- ceeding from a mean opinion of a perfon or thing, including haughtinefs and prije, DISE'ASE, S. [trom dis and eafe'] the ftate ot a living body wherein it is pieverjted from the exercifc cf any of its functions, whe ther vital, natural, or animal, attended with a lenfarion of uneafinefs. in Botany, that ftate of a plant, wherein it is renderetl inca- pable ot anfwering the feveral purpoi'es lor which it was formed. ToDiS'tASE, V. A. to affeft the body fo, as to render the exercTe of any of its funftions uneafy, or impradicabic j to ailed With pain. DISEA'SEDNESS, S. a ftate wherein an jBimal is lej^Jered incapable oi pcrfonninj; D I S fuch fun^ions as are neceffary to health anj life, and for which their frame Teems to have been intended. To DISEMBA'RK, V, A. to carry from a fliip or other vefTel to land. Neuterly, t9 go on ftiore from a ftiip. DISEMBO'DIED, Adj.ftrippedordivefiea of bodv. To biSEMBO'GUE, V. A. to difcharge at its mouth into the fea, applied to rivers. Neuterly, to flow. Among Mariners, to go out of a river, ftreight's mouth, or gulf, into the main ocean, applied to a (hip. DISEMBOWELLED, Part, taken from the bowels. To DiSEMBRO'IL, V. A. {dehrouUkr, Fr.] to free from confufion, diJ'ordtr, per- plexity, or from quarrels which occafion pub- lic commotions. To DISENA'BLE, V. A. to deprive of power ; to weaken, or render a perfon unable to perform an undertaking. See DISABLE. To DISENCHA'NT, V. A. to free from the power of any fpeli, charm, or enchant- ment J to free from infatuation. To DISENCU'MBER, V. A. to free from any thing which hinders a perfon from exer- cifing the powers of his underftandihg or body, and oppreffes him with a fenl'aiion of burthen- fomenefs or uneafinefs 3 to free from any hindrance or obftrudion. DISENCU/MBRANCE, S. freeJom from hindrance, peipiexity, or uneafinefs, owing to any thing which prevents a perfon from exercifing his ftrength, or the faculty of his mind free I v. ToDlSENG.A'GE, V. A. to feparate from any thing which is joined to a thing ; to fe- parate from any thing which is an incum- brance ; to clear from impediments or ob- ftr;iciio/;sj to withdraw or divert the mind from any thing which powerfully attrads its attention or afledion. Neuteily, to fet our- felves free from. " We may difcngjgt from the world by degrees," Coll.er, DISENGA'GED, Adj. at leifure ; not fixsd to any particular objed, or obliged to attend any oarticular perfon. DISENGA'GEMENT, S. releafe or free- dom Irom any obligation, attendatice, or af- fedion which influences the mind. To DlSENTA'NGLE, V. A. to fet free from an obftacle or impedim-.-nt which hin- ders the mind or body from a proper ufc of (heir relpedive powers .mJ abilities. Figura- tively, v> free from perplexity. To DISENTHRONE, V. A. to depofe j or drive from the throne. To DLSLNTRA'NCE, V. A to free from a trance ; to ralfe from a fwoon. " Ralpho, bv this time diUntranced.'^ Hud. ' To DI^ESl'OU'iE, V. A. to break a marriage fontrad ; to marry to one after be- ing contradeJ to another, DiJiESTE'EM, S. wane ofcflecroja flight; 2 lofs D I S lofs of predit or eftcem 5 fomething Isfs than cont^nipr. To DiSESTEE'M, V. A. to regard fli-hr- hi^ly ; to cor.lider in a )ij;ht viOKh lefien; ffljftm or approbation, but does not rife to contempt. DISFA'VOUR, S. 2 circumftance which rnpedss or h:nders an undertaking ; want ol countenance, or fuch a concurrence, as m v render a dcfign fuccefsful ; a ftdte wherein a pcrfon meets with r.o encouragemtrt 01 yfiiftance ttom .inother ; want of oejufv, or ftcii f^mnnerry of features as may render i 'j>cr;on agreeaale. To DISFA'VOUR, V. A. t» difcounte- rance, or hinder a citiign !rom takiiig effe<ft f-or want of «lTiftance or e.icourdgtriieJjt j to withdraw kirinne.s from a cerfon. DISFIGL'RA'TIUN, S. the aft of fail- ing t!-:e form of a thing or perfon, or reader- ' ing them ugly cr difjgreeabls ; the ftaie <,f a thing who!; natural form and bsauiy is fpoiled. Figuratively, deformity. To DISri'GURE, V. A. to change any thing to a worle form ; to render a thing kfs beautiful, or lefs a^rreeable. DISFl'GUREr.IENT, S. change from be?.uty to uglinefs, or ;rom a pleafing form to ene which is lefs la. DISFRA'HCHISE, V, A. to deprive a place of its charter, privilege', or inrimuni- ties ; or to deprive a perlon of liis freedom as a cit zcn. DlSiRA'NCHISEMENT, S. the aft of iepriv'.n^ a perfon or place of privileges or immunities. Tu DISGO'RGE. V. A. [dego'ger, Fr. from g;rge, Fr. the ihroit] to von>ic, or dif charge by the mouth. Figuratively, to aif charge, rr pus' cul with violence, DlSGRA'CE, S. [Fr.J Cnme 5 infamy; a fiate wher'-in a perlon or tiring has loft it honour, efic m, and thofe qualities whch rendered it worthy of refpcft j the ft<ite of .; perffn who is rut of favLur. To DISGRA'CE, V. A. to deprive c~' honour, efteem, or hgh etrployment. DlSGRH'CtFlTL, Adj. !ul! . f drflionour, er thole circiim.larces and qualities w hi.c- nuke a perfun an clieft of reproach. DISGRA'CEFULN; SS, 5. nia-icfulr.efs DISGRA'C-EFULLY,Adv. inl'uch a man i»er as mu(V futiett a perfon to diil-.onour, flisme, or reprrach. DISGRA'CER, S. one who deprives an- other of fome honourable employment ; one who expofts anoiher to Ihnms, diAonour, and reproach. To D;SGUrSE, V, A. [dlfguifcr, Fr.] to conceal a per!on by means ol fome ftrar.gc Jrels. Figiiritively, to dillcm'jle, or conceal hy a faife iipp:arance ; to disfigure or change riit- form of a thing ; to intoxicate and rendtfi »ni' rmly by drinlcing, DlbGLI SE, S, a drefs inadt: uf; of tt> D I S elude the notice of thofe we are acquainted i\itb, or to conceal a perfon ; a falie appear- .ince, made ufc of to cover or conceal fome def'gn. DlSGUrSER, S. one who alters the na- lural appearance of a perfon j one who mjfks or conceals his real ciefigns under fome falle and fpecious appearance. DlijCU'ST, S, [from «f.'i and gujl, of gujiiis, Lat. a tafle, degut, Fr.] an aveifion ar.frrig trom the cli'bgrecablenefs of a thing to tiic pdlate i dillafie J cifpleafure, arifjng (rom fome ciifagiecable a£lion or behaviour. To DISGU'ST, V. A. [d^g^uter, Fr. de- gujio, Lat.J to raife an avcrdon or naufe- oufnefs in the flomach by a uifagreeable tafte; to raife an averfion or diflike by lume dif- Dgreeable or ofiinfive achon. " What dif- gufii ms from having to do with anfwer-job- bers." Sivifr, UISGU'STFUL,Adj. abounding with fuch qualities as produce averfion or cifiike, DISH, S. [dijc, Sax. d!kbt. Tent, dyfc, Etfe, dijcui, Lat.J a broad fhailow velFel wtth a rim, either of filver, pewtei', gold, or china, or earthen- ware, ufed for holding and car- rying joint?, or other viftuals to table, and difiering from a plate in f:ze. Figuratively, the meat or viiHuals placed in a dilh. To DISH, V. A. to ferve meat up ele- gan.ly, or place it in a dift. To dtjh out, to adorn, deck, or le: ofi'j a low phrafe, DlSHABl'LIvE, S. [Fr.] an undrefs } a loofe and negligent drels. DISHABl'LLE, Adj. loofely and negli- eently diefied. To DISHEA'RTEN, V. A. to deprive a perfon of cour.gj and alacnty ; to terrify, .0 make a perfon imagine a thing to be im- praclica'. lo ; or that fome approachir^ evil >s univoid^iblei DiSFIE'RlSGM, S. the aa of debarring a pnon from an yihcritance. To DISHE'RIT, V. A. to debar a perfon from lucceeding to an inheritance^ to cut off trom an inheritance. Tu DiSHEVE'L, V. A. [decbevtUr, Fr.] 10 fpread hair in a loofe, negligent, and dif- oriicr'.y manner. DlSHO'NEST,Adj. void of honefiy ; frau- d len- J or incDnfirtent with juftice. Figu- raiivelv, n'proachful or /himeful. DJSHO'NESTLY, Aov. in fuch a m^n- nrr <iS is inconfiflent with honour and ha\ nelh'. DISHO'NESTY, S. want of prtblty ; the act of doing any thing to cheat or de.'raud another of his property j unihailentO, or lewdnefs. " If you fufpc£l ms in any dif- bcncpy.^' Souk. DiSHO'NOUR, S. that which affed^s a perfcn with difgrace. Figuratively, repro..ch, vshich deprives a perfon of reputitioii. , To DISHO'NOUR, V. A. to briaa; to {hi.TiZf to dii'ijr.we j to blaT liie charafle-- j ■a yiLt'.O I j D I S a perfon ; to violate a perfon's chafllty ; to treat with indignity. DISKO'NOURABLE, Adj. void of re- fpeft, reverence, or efteem ; fiaame/'ul } re- proachful. DISHO'NOURER, S, ons v/ho treats a perforj with indignity j one who violates the chaftity of a female. DIS'INCLINATION, S, want of affec- tion, a bia<: ; wa.nt of propenfity. To DlSiNCLi'NE, V. A. to leffen one's affcclior.i lor a tiling or perfon. DISINGENU'ITY, S. Uiifairnefs j low and me.m artifice. DISINGE'NUOUS, A:ij. not of an open and frank difpofition j meanly i fly j cun- ning or Ajbtl?. DiSINGE'NUOUSLY, Adv. in an un- fair, fly, cr cril'iy nri'nner. ' DISINGE'NUOUSNESS, S. a behaviour wherein a perfon endeavours to fecure his ends liy concealing his defigns, and ufing lov,- craft and mean fubterfuges, in order to ac- complifh them. DISINHE'RISON. See DISHERISON. To DISINHE'RIT, V. A. to cut ofi' from a right to, or denrive of an inherirance. To DISI'NTER, V. A. to take a body out of a grave. Figuratively, to difcover fomething concealed by fome covering or im- pediment. " VVhich a proper education might have di/Ir.ferrcd.'''' SjjeSi. DISiNTERES'SED. Ste DISINTER- EST FD. ■ DISINTEREST, S. that which is con- trary to a perfon's fuccefs or profperity ; a difadv-intai^e ot lofs. Indifference to, or dif- regard of, irofit or private advinti^e. DIS'INTEP.ESTED, Adj. not influenced by any vie%vs of private lucre, or advantage j fuperior to any felfilh liiotives. ToDI'SJOiN, V. A. [dejohdre, Fr.] to feparate or divide things which are uniied j to part. To pi'S JOINT, V. A. to put out of joint; to feparate tilings at the place where thi:y are femen'.ed or jo ned together j to cjrve or cut in pieces, by fepatating the joints from each ether; to moke incoherent; to dsflrcy the conn;£lioii of woi^is, or fentences. " Her words diijohiied." Sm'tib, Neuterly, to fail afunJer, or in pieces. ' piSj'J'NCTlON, ?. [disjuKHio, I-at.] fe- j^parition ; or the adt ot dividing things or perfuns. _ DISjU/NCTIVE,Adj. Idisj.uicTivus, Lat.] difuaiting ; not pri-per fi.r union. In Gram- mar, ap^lisu .0 lUth pariijL-s as denote a fe- p<.!a'.ion or contrjfl; " 1 love him or- I fear him ;'" the word or is a d'sjunifllve coniunili on. In Logic, applied '.o'uch propolltions whofe paits are op^jofeu to eacii other by disjundive particles, thus. " Qiajiliiy is either length, bread. hj or depth.'' ,1 1 . l(jers .propofitions •ihek tjuth dependc on th^iijiitncdiate oppo D I S fitlon of the parts. A dhjunEllvt fyllo^yfin, U that whofe major is disjundive, as in the fol- lowing, the major, or propofition, printed in Italics, is disjundiivs. Tbe earth moves in a circle or eUif;Jii\ but it does not move in a cir- cle, therefore it moves in an ellipfis. DISJU'NCTIVELY, Adv. diftindly 5 fc- parately. DISK, S. [dlfc, Sax. dtJcui'Lzt.'] \n ^ftro- norny, the appearance of the body of the fua or 'planets, which is divided by aftronomert into twelve parts. In Optics, the magnitude of the glafs of a telefcope, or the width of its aperture. In Botany, the centr-tl, or mid- dle part of radiated flowers, compofed oi fe- vcral florets placed perpendicularly, and fomc- timcs called the /'e.'ois or bafon ; a quoit, ufeJ by the antients. " Some whirl the dlfi.''' Pope. See DISCUS. DISKI'NDNESS, S. want of kindnefs, affe£Vion, or benevolence ; an aft whereliy a, thing or perfon receives damage «r detriment, and is fuppofed to be derived from ill will, or alienated afteftion, UISLI'KE, S. Want of approbation or eflL-em, fliewed by a pgrfon's behaviour ani a<Slions. To DISLI'KEj V. A. to difapprove; t» look on as improper, or faulty. To fhe«r difguft, or dlfefteem. To DISLI'KEN, V. A. to change the ap- pearance of a thing, or make it look difl'erent from what it was before. " Dijliken — the truth of your own feeming." Sbak. DISLI'KENESS, S. the quality which makes a thing appear different to what it was before ; the quality which makes a difierence betv/een things. DISLI'KEK,, S, one who difapproves a perfon or thing. To DI'SLOCATE, V. A. [from dh and locatus, of loco, Lit. J to put out of its proper place ; to disioint, DISLOCA'TION, S. [from dijlocate'] the aft of putting things out of their proper places J the ftdte of a thing put out of its proper plac^:. In Surgery, a joint put out, or the forcing a bone from its focket ; a Iu;:ition, To DISLO'DGE, V. A. to remove from a place or feCtle.Ti;:nt by force ; to drive an enemy frtim a poft ; to remove an army to other quarters. " The Volfcians are dijjod^'d.'^ SLuk, Neuterly, to decamp, or go away to another place. "' Ha refolv'd — -.vith all his legions to di/loJge.'" Par. Loji. DISLOY'AL, Adj [dfjloyul, Fr.]fa!feor difnbedient to .1 fovereign. DISLOV'ALLY, Adv. in a fairhkfs, dif- obedient, or rebellious manner. Dl'SLOVALTY, S. want of fiicliry to a fovereign. DI'SMAL, Adj. [dysmafl.'^eXg. die: mains, Lat. an evil dav] that which ..ffcilj the mind with hor:sr; n-.Jsncholy ; gloomy ; fyrrovv- ful. ris- D I S E>rSMA'LLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to excite hortor, forrow, or mtlancholy j with a forrowful or horrid appearance, DISMA'LNESS, S. the quality which ex- cites hoiror, melancholy ; or forrow ; the ftate or appearance of a perfon or thing which communicates the idea of fomething horrid, or forrowful. To DISMA'NTLE, V. A. to ftrip a per- fon of any drefs which ferved him as an orna- rneni, or defence j to fmooih ; to unfold ; to deftroy ; to deftroy the out-works or defences of a place 5 to break down or dellroy any thing external. To DISMA'SK, V. A. to pull off a made j to uncover. To DISMA'Y, V. A. [Jefmayer, Span.] to difcouraje, or diftiearten with tear, DISMA'Y, S. ^(iej^ayo, Span] lofs of courage, occafioned Dy fome frightful obje£l j •r apprchenfion. DISMA'YEDNESS, S. the ftate of mind arifing from the fight of feme frightful objcft, er apprrhenfjoM of fome danger. To DISME'MBER, V, A. to divide one member from another ; to cut or tear 10 pieces. To DI'SMISS, V. A. [dtfmigus, Lat.] to fend away ; to nifcharge from attendance, to give leav; to depart ; to riifcharge from fer- vice, or from an emplovment, DISMi'SSiON, S. (rffmijjio, Lat.] the aa of fending away ; an honc/urabls dikhsrge from an ofBre ; deprivation ; or the beinj turned out 01" any pofl or ofScc. To DISMORTGAGE, V. A. to redeem from or clear a mortgage, by paying the money l.-nt on any lands or eftate. "' He d'j'mortgaged the crown defmenes." Ihtvfl. ToDISMGU'NT, V, A. [dmonter, Fr.] to unhorle j to loie any nref<;rment or port oi honour ; to diflodge or force cannon from their carria|,e-. Ncut;rly, to alight from an borfe ; to dcfcend from an eminence or high plice. DiSOQE'DlENCE, S. a wilful afling contrary to rhe commands or prohibitions- or a fupcrior. DJSOBE'DIENT, Pjrt. or Adj. guilty of afling contrary 10 the laws, or the commands of a luptrior. To DISOBE'Y, V. A. to aft contrary tc the will or coTmands of a fuperior; to oreak the lav/E, by comg fomething which is for bidde.n, or re.''ur:ng to do fomething that is com.Tiandec'. DISOBLIG A'TION, S. an aft whick alie- nates the afieftion of a peifon, or changes a friend into an enemy ; an aft which occafions difguft or diflilcc. To DlbOBLl'GE, V. A. fpionounced. commonly, in imitation of the French, dij- otitic] to do fomething which effends another; to iifp'eal'e. BKOJBLI'GING, Part, or Adj. unpleafingj D I S void of thofe qualities which atlraft /riend* (hip ; ofi'enfive, DISOBLI'GINGLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to difj>leafe, DlSOBLl'GINGNESS, S. readlnefs^o dif- pleafe. DJSO'RBED, Part, [from d\t and orb] caft from its proper orbit or path, within which it performs its revolutions, " Like a ftar dijorb'dr Shak. DISOR'DER, S. [difordre, Fr.] want of method or regular diftribution ; tumult } or conJufion ; breach or violation of laws ; dif- eafe, generally ufed for fome flight difeafe ; difcompofure of mind, arifmg from the tur- bulence of the piflions. To DISO'RDER, V. A, to throw into contufion ; to deftroy the regular diftribution of a thing ; ts ruffle or confufe ; to make fick, or affeft with fome flight difeafe 5 to difcompofe. DISO'RDERED, Part, not complying with law or order, applitd to the mortals. Indif- pofed, or aflcfted with a (li^iht difeafe, applied to the body. Confufed, tumultuous, or re- bellious, applied to ft..tes. Rumpled, applied to dieii. DISORDERLY, Adv. in a manner in- confiltent with law or virtue, applied to moral'. In an irregular, or tumultuous man- ner, applied to the motion of the animal fpi- rits or riui.ls. In a manner wanting method, .it'plied to the placing of things, to the dif- tribution of ideas, or the arrangement of ar- guments in learned produftions. DISORDERLY, A<*j. afting inconfiftent with law or virtue ; contufed, or not regularly placed ; tumultuous. OISO'RDINATELY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to exceed the bounds of temperance, or to tranfgrels the laws of morality. To DISPARAGE, V. A. [from difpar, Lai. J to match with a perfon or thing which is not equal; to difgracc, by joining a thing of fupcrior excellence with one below it ; to difgrace or injure by comparifon with fome- thing of lefs value ; to treat with contempt and difhonour ; to expole ; to bUme, cenfure, or reproach. DiSPARA'GEMENT, S. difgrace, or ciiTionour done to a peifon or thing hy com- paring them with fomething of inferior ex- cellence and dignity, difgiace; diihonour j or reproach. DlSP.'^IlA'(iER,S. one who treats a perfon or thing with ii)fllgniiy,an.i endeavours toleden their Value by comparing or uniting them with fomething of lefs value, or below them. DISPARA'TES, S. [plural, difparata, Lat.] in Logic, things (o unlike, that they cannot be compared together. DISPA'RITY, S. [</i//>flr, Lat.] oppofition or difference of qualities ; difference in de- gree, whether it refpeft rank Oi' excellence j unlikenefs : dillimilitude. To D I S To DISPA'RT, V. A. iQ Gunnery, to fet a marl: on the muzzle-ring of a piece of ord- nance, lo that a right line taken upon th- top of a bafe-ring againft the touch-liole, may be parallel to the axis of the concave cylinder. ' DiSl^A'RT, S. the mark fet on the muz- zle-rinz of a piece of ordnance. DISPA'SSION, S, freedom from the paf- fions or afi'eftions of the mind. DISPA'SSIONATE, Adj. free from the turbulence of anger ; or other paflioas ; calm, cool, and temperate. To DISPATCH, V. A. [depechsr, Fr.] to fend a perfon or thing a o'ay haftily. Fi- guratively, to fend out of the world by a violent death; to murdtr ; to perform bufi- nefs quickly or expeditioully ; to conclude a bufinefs or affair with another. OISPA'TCH, S. quicknefs or espedition In performing. Figuratively, conduft ; ma- nagement. A meflage, or racffenger fent in hafte 5 an exprefs. DISPA'TCHFUL, Adj. full of hafte, ex pcdition, or quicknefs in the performance of bufinefs. To DISPE'L, V, A, [difpello, Lat.] to dif- perfe ; to clear away any obftiuftion, by fcat- tering wr diffipating it, DISPENSARY, S. [from difpcncel the place where medicines are fold, and phyficians bills are made up at a low price, for the bene- fit of the poor; a book containing forms or receipts for makine niedicines. DISPENSATION, S. \difpe,:Jano, Lat.] the adl of diftributing to feveral things or parts ; the oeconomy obferved by Providence in governing particular flates, or in the gene ral diftribotion of rewards and punifhments to all mankind ; a permifiion to do fomething contrary to the laws ; or a relaxation and fuf- penfion of their force for a certain time, or on a peculiar occafion. _ DISPENSATOR, S. [Lat.] one employed in dirtrjbuting. " Her majefty made them dijpenfatori of her fjvours." Bacon. DISPENSATORY, S. a book containing the forms or receiots by v.?hich medicines are Jna.ie. See DISPENSARY. To DISPEN'SE, V, A. [de'penfir, Fr.] to diftribute or give among feveral peribns j to excufc from a duty. DISPEN'SE, S. excufe ; difpcnfation. " In- dulgence, difpcnjcs, pardons, bulls," Par. LoJ}. DISPEN'SER, S. one whodinributes. To DISPE'OPLE, V. A. pronounced dif- pitpU] to denrive a countrv of its inhabitants. DISPE'OPLER, S. one who deprives a countrv of its inhjbi-ants. ToblSPE'RSE, V. \. [difperfus, Lat.] to fcatter ; to drive to dir.erent pat'.- ; to fe- parate a body of man or multitude. DISPERSEDLY, Adv. in • fcparate man- nerj feparately. D I S DISPER'SEDNESS, S. the ftate of thing', or perUins which are divided or feparated. DISPE'RSER, S, one who fpreads abroad or makes public, by communicating to many< DISPE'RSION, S. [di/ptr/u,, Lat.j the a£t of fcittering or fpreading ; the ftate of per- luns which were once united, (Jut ar€ divided or feparated from e.<eh other. To DISPi'RIT, V. A. to ftrike with fear ; or to reprefs the courage of a perfoa by fomc rnenace, or ill treatment ; to exhauft the fpi- riie, or deprive a perfon of his natural alacrity and vigour. DISPIRIT'EDNESS, S. want of alacrity, vigour, or vivacity. To DISPLA'CE, V. A, to put out of a place ; to remove from one place to another ; to fuperfede ( to remove or abolilh, in order to introduce fome other perfon or thing in the room. DISPLA'CENCY, S. [dlfptacentla, Lat,] a£tions or behaviour which occafion difplea- fure, difguft, or any thing difpka/ing. To DISPLA'NT, V. A. to remove a plant to fome other place. Figuratively, to drive a people away for a fettlement. To DISPLA'Y, V. A, [difpi:,r, dtpkyer^ Fr. defplegare, Iral.J to fpread abroad or wide j to fliew to the fight, or to the underftanding j to explain a thing minutely ; to fet oftenta- tioiifly to view. In Carving, to cut up a crane, Ss'c. DISPLA-^, S. the aa of exhibiting a thing to view, in order to difcover its beauties and excellencies. DISPLA'YED, Part." in Heraldry, applied to a bird in an erett pofture, with its wings expanded or ftretcbed out. DISPLE'ASANT, Adj. agreeable or of- fenfive to the fenfes. " What to one is a moft grateful odour, to another is noxious and dlfphafant.'''' Cian-v. To DiSPLE'ASE, V. A. [pronounced dif. phjc] to offend, to make angry.; to do a thing; which will raifc the ill-will of a perfon, oc forfeit his efteem. To idif^juft, or raife an averfion, applied to the fenfes. DISPLE'-ASINGNESS, S, the quality of creating diflilie, or being difagreeable either to the feirfcs or iudgment. DISI-LEASURIZ, S. a difagreeable fenf«- tion J uneafinefs, or pain ; that which will ofietid a perfon ; anger pruceeding from fome offi-nce given, or from ^o nething which was diLgrecaole ; a frate of difgrace, wherein a perfon has loft the favour of .mother. ToDISPLODF, V. A. {d\jpUo, Lat.] t* vcar jr difciiarge with a loud noife, DISPO'RT, S. play ; fport ; paftime ; di- vsifion. " Us'd — lo fuch dfptrt." Par. L»ft. DISPO'SAL, S, ftiom difpofe,] the a£t of regulating any thin^ ; diftribution ; difpenfa- tion ; the right of beftowing ; management j government, including implicit Jubmiflion to authoiiiy, ' D I S To DISFO'SE, V. A. [./.j>«>, Fr. from Jifp'jr.B, Lat.J to employ or apply to any ufe j «o beftuw, or give ; to fpend or lay out moHey ; to turn to any particular end ; to adopt, lit, Of form for any puipofe ; to influence the mind j to regulate or adjutl ; to place in uny condition ; to fell, to get rid off. DISFO'SER, S. a perfon who has the management of any affair or money ; he that gives, beftows, or regulates ; a direftor ; one who didributes without controul, and in an arbitrary manner, DISPOSI HON, S. [dij}ofnio, Lat.] a regular arrangement, diftribution, or order of the pails of a thing, or fyftem, which dif- covers art, method and prudence ; natural £tnefs or tenoenry ; propenfity, bent, or temper cf the mind ; affc£\ions of kindnefs or ill-will. Applied to the mind, when the power and ability cf doing any thing is for- ward and ready, on every ocrafion, to break into aiflion. DISPO'SITOR, S. in Aftrology, the fup jiofed lord of the fign in which a planet is, and the ruler of its influence. To DISPOSSE'SS, V. A. to turn a perfon out of a place which he is mailer of. DISPRA'ISE, S. blame ; or the aft of finding fault ; cenfure ; reproach. To DISPR Al'SE, V. N. to bhme ; to find fault with ; to cenfure. DISFRA'ISER, S. one who blames, or finds fault. DISPRA'ISINGLY, Adv. with blame, or cenfure. To DISPRE'AD, V. A. to fpread abroad ; to fpread different ways. DISFROO'f , S. confutation ; or the prov- ing a thing to be falfe. DISPRO'FIT, S. lofs; damage; that by which a thing is rendered lefs valuible, or a perfon receives lofa. DISPROFQ/RTION, S.thc difagreement between the quality or quantity of diftcrcnt things, cr the parts of the fame thing. To DISFROPO'RTION, V. A. to join things which do not fuir, or difagrse with each other in quantity or quality, DISPROPO'RTIONABLE, Adj. dlfa- greeing in quantity ; not well fuited or pro- portioned t3 fomethinp elfe. DISPROPO'RTIONABLENES.S, S. the want of agreement with rcipect to quantiiy, lize, or fymmetry. DiSPROPO'RTIONAL, Adj. unfuitable or difagreeing in quantity, quality, or value with fometbing elfe. DISPROPU'RTIONATE, Adj. difagree- ing in quantity or value with fomething elfe ; wanting fymmetry. UlSPROPO'RTlONATELy, Adv. want- ing fymmetry. To DjSPRO'VE^, V. A. to confute an af- fertion ; to ihtw a thing or pratlice to be in- confiftent with truib, Uv, or murality. D I S DISPRO'VER, S. one who confu'es, or proves a thing or argument to be faTfe, or eironeous. DISFU'NISHAHLE, Adj. in Law, witk- out lome penal claufe or article fubje£\ing s perfon to make good any lofs or damage. " Not difpuni/hablc of wafle." Sivifr. DISFU'TABLE, Adj. that which may admit of arguments both for and againft it } lia'jle to difpute ; lawful to be contefted. DISPU'TANT, S. [difputans, Lat.] one who arg'ues againft, or oppofes the opinions of another. DISFUTA'TION, S. [diffutatio, Lat.] the art of oppofing the fentiments of others j controverJy, or argument produced either in tavour.of one's own fentiments, or in oppo- fition to thofe of another. DISPUTA'TiOUS, Adj. fond of oppof- ing the opinions of others J given to debate, or cavilling. DISPU'TATIVE, Adj. dlfpofed to oppofe the opinions of others ; fond of controverfy, or cavilling. To DISFU'TE, V. N. [dijputo, Lat.] t* oppofe the fentiments or opinion of another ; to deny and argue againft any received opinion. Aflivtly, to contend for a thing either by words or aftions ; to oppofe or queftion ; to difcufs a queftion ; to think on. " Difpute it like a man." Shak, DISPU'TE, S. the aft of oppofing or bringing arguments againll the opinion of an- other ; controverfy. DISPU'FER, S. one engaged in, or fond of controverfy. DISQUA'LlFICATION, S. that which renders a perfo.i unfit for the difcharge of an eniploy. To' DISQUA'LIFY, V. A. to make un- fit ; to difable by fome natural or legal im- pediment 5 to exempt or difable fro3i any right, claim, or pradlice, by law. DISQUI'ET, S. uneafinefs; re.llelTne.'s j want of cdfe of mind ; anxiety. DiSQUFET, Adj. uneafy, or ?Jifturbed in mind. To DISQUI'ET, V, A. to difturb the mind of a perfon by fome difagrceabic anJ 'jalamitous objeft ; to fret j to vex ; to make uneafy. DLSQUI'ETER, S. a difturber ; or one who renders ano'her uneafy in mini. DiSQUi'ETLY, Adv. anxioully ; in fucli, a manner as to diliurb, or make uneafy, DISQUI'ETNESS, S. the ftate ct a per- fon who IS difpleaied with his prefent condi- tioij, involved in troubles and dangers, or affrighted by fome impending evil. DISQUl'ETUDE, S, unsjfinefs, or dif- turbance of mind j anxiety j want of tran- qailitv. DISQUISFTION, S. [^'yaj/Fris, Lat.] an a£l of the mind, whereby it examines into a I'uhji.:! i.". order to und:rftana j« impartance. D 1 S So forcfee its confequences, and to find out what may be urged either for or againft it ; 3. ftrift fearch, icrutiny, or examination of a thing or matter. DISREGA'RD, S. flight notice; con- t:mpt ; negleft ; diCefteem. To DJSREGA'RD, V. A. to take no no- tice of ; to liight ; to neglcift ; to contemn. DISREGA'RDFUL, Adj. negligent ; con- temptuous ; or making a fmall account either of perfons or things. DISREGA'RDFULLY, Adv. in a negli- gent, contemptuous, or flighrin<» itianner. DISRE'LISH, S. a bad tafte j difguft, or diflike, apolied to the tafte. To DISRE'LISH, V. A, to make a thing naui'eous ; to affeft the tafte with a difagree- able fenfation. Figuratively, to diflike j to want a tafte tor. DISREFUTA'TION, S. difgrace; or that which will lellen a perfon's character or fame DISREPU'TE, S, an ill charadter ; lofs of reputation or efleem ; reproach. DISRESPE'CT, S. incivility ; want of efleem ; a behaviour which approaches to rudenefs. DISRESPE'CTFUL, Adj. uncivil ; with- out efteem ; unmannerly. DISRESPECTFULLY, Adv. in an un civil, irreverent, or unmannerly manner. To DISRO'BE, V. A. to u'ndrefs or ftrip a perfon of cloaths. Figuratively, to lay afide ; to diveft, applied to the mind. " Who will be perlunded lo dijrohe himfelf at once of all his old opinions." Locke. DISRU'PTiON, S. iheaclof breaking or burtting afundtr; a breach, or rent. DISSATISFACT'ION, S. the flate of a perfon who is not contenied >vith his prel'ent conaition, but wants fomething to complete his wifli or haj^pinefs ; difcontent. DISSAITSFA'CTORINESS, S. inability or want ot power to give content. DISSATISFACTORY, Adj. that which is not abltf to proJuce content. To DISSATISFY, V. A. to difcontent; to difplcafd J to want fomfe equality requifite to pleafe or content. To DISSE'CT, V. A. [JifeHum, fupineof diJftHo, Lat.j iti Amtomy, to divide the parts ot an animal bpdy with a knife, in order to confider each of them apart. Figuratively, to divide, and examine a riibji:!^: minutely. DLSSii'CTION, S. in Anatomv, the aft of cutting or divitiing the feverjl parts of an sniina! body afunder, in oidcr lo exjraine in- to their nature and refpeftive ufes ; to divide the feveral parts of a plant, leaf, or any piec! of work, in order to examine into the mutuil connexion of their feveral parts, compositions, and workmanfliip. DlSSEl'ZOR, S. one v/ho deprives or difpoilcfTcs another of his right. To DISSE'MBLE, V. A. [Jijfimuio, Lat. dijjimuler, Fr.J to bide or conc'»al unier a D t S falfe appearance ; to pretend that to be, whicW is not. Neuterlv, to play the hvpociite. DISSE'MBLER, S one who conceals his real defigns, temper, or difpofition, under a falle and foecious appearance ; an hypocrite. _ DISSE/MBLINGLY, Adv. in an iiypocri- nc.il mann'jr ; in fuch a manner as to conceal one's real fentiments under a falfe and fpeciou* appearance. To DISSE'MINATE, V. A. [Jl/Jimira. turn, fupine of dijfeniwo^ to fcatter feed ; ts fow. Figuratively, to fpread abroad, oi pro- Dap3te a report. ' DISSEM!NA'TION,S. [dip„i;nath,Lit.1 the a£t of fowitig ; the a6l of fpreading abroad, or propagating a report. DlSSEMINA'TOR,S.he that fows. Figura- tively, one who fpread s or propagates a doftrine. DISSE'NSiON, S. [difntio, Lnt.J dif- ference Of difagreement in opinion or politics j a breach of union j contention ; or warm op- pofition. DISSE'NTIOUS, Adj. dlfpofed to ilrife; qu.irrelfome ; fjftious. ToDISSE'NF, V.N. [dlffhuh, Lat.] ta difagree in opinion ; to think difFerently ; ta be of a contrary nature ; to diiTer. DISSE'NT, S. difagreement ; difference of opinion ; avowal or declaration of difference of opinion. DISSENT A'NEOUS, Adj. difagreeable; inconfulent. DlSSE'NTER, S. one who difagrees, or declares his difagreement with refpedt to an opinion ; one who fepaiatcs from the cora- itiunion of the church of England. DISSERTA'TION, S. [d^irtatio, Lat.] a fet riifcoiirfc or treatife. DISSE'RVICE, S. harm; hurt; a pre- judice or ill turn done to a perfon or" thing. DISSE'RVICEABLE, Adj. that which win hinder the advantage of a perfon or thing; injurious, hurtful, DISSE'R VICE ABLENESS, S. that which hinders the accomplifliing fome end ; hurt ; mifchief; damage; injury; harti. To DISSE'VER, V. A. [the particle Jis, added tojever, does not alter Its (ignifitation, an impropriety obferved in fome othi-r vyords of our language, viz, dlfanrji!, &c.] to break or part in two ; to feparate ; to divide. piSSl'MILAR, Adj. ldiJJl!::Vh, Lit.] dif- fering in quality or fliape from the thing which it is compared with j un'ike ; of » .different kind or nature. DISSIMILA'RITY, S. unlikencfs In qua- lity, temper, or difpofition. DISSIMI'LITUDE, S. difference of form or quality ; want of refemblance with a thinu compared. DlSSlMULA'TrON,S. [difflwuhu-.o, Lst.] the ii\ of putting on a falfe sippcarance, in jrder to conceal one's intention, or difpofition; hen u.'cd in a bad (Vine, Somitimes a bare cjncealmcnt of one's miiid, wh'ch 15 conllttent with D I S with prudence, and reconclleable with virtue and honefty. Dl'SSlPABLE, Adj. eafily feparated and fcattered. ToDI'SSIPATE, V. A. [Aiffi[>atui, Lat.] to feparate any collection, and oifperfe the parts at a dirtance ; to divide the attention be- tween a diverfity of objefls, and thereby ren- der it impoffible to fix to any with intenfenefs 5 to fquander wealth; to fpend a fortune. DISSIPA'TION, S. [Fr. diJ>patio, Lat.] the aft of feparating the parts which form any colleftion, iriafs, or body; the ftate af the parts of a body feparated, and at a diftance from each other. _ Figuratively, inattention ; attention divided among a variety of objeftf, and thereby rendered incapable to fix on any with intenfenefs. To DISSO'CIATE, V, A. [Jifociatum, fupine of d'ljjlao, Lat.J to feparate things or perfons whi';h are united. DISSO'LVABLE, Adj. [from dijfolvo, Lat.] that which is capable of having its parts feparated by moifture, or the aftion of fome fluid. " Not dijfoliia^^e by the moifture «f the tongue." Newt, Opt. Dijjo'ublc is more generally ufed. DISSO'LUELE, Adj. [Jifoiubi/Js, Lat.] capable of having its parts feparated by moi- fture or heat. DISSOLUBI'LITY, S. the pofTibility of having its parts feparated or liquified by moi- fture or heat. To DISSOL'VE, V. A. [d:Jd-uo, Lat.] to deflroy the form of a thing by feparating if parts with moillure, or heat ; to melt, or li- quify ; to defrroy ; to feparate ; to break the ties of any thing; to part perfons who are united by any bonds, or the force of mutual affeftion \, to cle-ir up a doubt or difficulty. ♦' To d:jj:he ocubts." Dan. v. 16. To break up or difcharge an aflembly. DISSO'LVENT, Adj. [difJ-vtrs, Lat.] havirg the power of feuarating, or breaking the union 01 the particles cf the body. DISSO'LVENT, S. that svhich feparatcs the oarts of any thing. DISSO'LVER, S. that which has the power ot melting, liquifying, or breaking the union of the panicles ot any ihing. DISSO'LL'I K, S. [diplutus, Lnt.] dif- folved in, or abandoned to ple^iilres ; l.,ol'e j wanton ; or i-.nrcftrained by the rules of mo- rality, me ordeis of government, or the laws ot religion. Dl'bSOLUTELY, Adv. in luch a man- ser as is inconlii'.ent v/ith virtue, gcvern- mrut, or religion. In Debauchery, without leftraint. Dl'i>SOLUTENESS, S. loofnefs of man- ners ; a condutt regulated by no lav/s, and fubjeC>ed to no reltraint ; wantonnefs j de- baiiciiery; v^ick^:dnel^. Dlii.OLL" 1 ION, S. the aft of feparating the j'articie^ ox a body, or li<iui)ymj ana D I S melting by heat and moiHure; the deftruc* lion of any thing by the /eparation of its parts; the fubftance or body fo.med oy melt- ing a thing; death, or the reparation of the body and fcui ; the aft of breaking up, dif- mifling, or putting an end to an aflembly, " The diJJolutLcn of the parliament." Licen- doufnefs ; or dilregard of virtue or religion t more commonly ftiled diJJ'olutcncft. " An uni- verfal dijj'oluticn of manners began to prevail." /hterbuiy. Dl'SSONANCE, S. [Fr. dlfonars, Lat.] a mixture of harlh and unharmonious founds ) difcord. Dl'SSONANT,Adj. \d;Dlnar.s,Lit.'] bound- ing harlh and difagreeable to the t-T. Figu- ratively, inconfirtent ; difagreeing, ufed with from, but moft properly with rs. " What (.an he more dijfoniii-.t from re^fon." Hakevjt " Any thing iij//»«a7!r ro truth." South. To DISSUA'DE, V. A. [dijfuadeo, Lat.] to make ufe of arguments to hinder a perfon from noing fomething whiclj he intends ; to reprelent a thing as improper, or difadvanta- geous. DISSUA'DER, S. one who endej^ours.by argument, to divert a perfon from a defign or under'aking. DISSUA'SION, S. an argument or mo- tive marie ufe of to divert or hinder a perfoa from clofing with any defign, or engaging in an vindeitdking. DISSU'ASIVE, Adj. tending to divert or turn nfide from any purpofe er dcfign. DJSSU'aSIVE, S. a motive or argument made ulc of to prevail on a ptrfon to decline a defign, or purfutt. DISSYLLABLE, S. [h<rtrv>,\a?'^, Gr.] In Grammar, a word 0/ two fyllables. Di'STAFP', S, (diJJaf, SiX. from die, Belg. a thigh, and f:ajT, a fiick, on account of its being (upporied by thofe parts, accord- ing to MinlTlcw ; but touiv, Belg. tow, or hemp, according to Skinner] tlie ftjfY or ihck, on the cxtre;nity of which the tow or hemp is faftened for fpinning. Figuratively, a fe- male. To DI'STAIN, V. A. to mark a thing with a diflerent colour ; to fpoil the colour ot a thing. Figuratively, to blot ; to mark v.ith intainy ; to pollute, or defile. Di'STANCE, S. [Fr. difiar.tia, Lat.] the fjj^ce, or length of ground between any two objefts, applied to place or fituation ; a Ipace marked in a courfe wherein race-horfes rurti The fpa^ betv^een a thmg preienr, and one part or future, applied to time. Difiinftion^ applied to idea.;. A modef^ and refpeftful behaviour, oppolcd to fjmii:ar::y. A with- drawing of affcftion ; referve; coolnefs. To DI'STANCE, V. A. to rrmove from the view ; to pljce farther from a perfon; to le.ive behind at a race the length of a diftance poft. Figuratively, to furpafs a perfon in the Mobilities uf the mind, DI'STANT, T) i s brSTANT, Ad]. [Ft. dipns, Lat.] far from, applied to place. Apart, I'eparate, alunder, applied to fnua'.ion, or the fp.^ce between two or more bodies. Removed from the prei'ent inftant, applied to time pjft, or future. To DISTA'STE, V. A. to occafion a dif- agreeable or naufeous taffe j to afrefl the tafte with a difacreeable Tenfation j to diflike. DISTA'STEFUL, Adj. affeaing the pa- late, or organ of talle ; with a naulcous or difagreeable fenfation ; that which gives of- fence, or is unpleoGng j fhewing ill will, or difguft. DISTE'MPER, S. a difproporiionate mix ture of ingredients. In Medicine, fome dif order of the animal machine, occafioned hy the redundancy of fome morbid humours; a riiforder of the mind, arifing from the pre- dominance of any pafllon or appetite ; want of due' balance between contraries j ill hu- mour, Tumuhuous diforder, or confufion, applied to ftates. In Painting, the mixing or tempering the colours with fize, whites of eggs, and other fubftancjs, befides plain wa- ter and oil. To DISTE'MPER, V. A. to weaken health ; to affect with fome difeafe ; to dif order j to fill the mind with perturbation or confufion. To render rebellious, or difaf- fcfted, applied to ftates. DISTE'MPER ATURE, S. excefs of heat, cold, or other qualities. Violent cominotions applied to government. Perturbation o' mind j confufion ; mixture of contrary qua- il; 65 or extremes. To DISTE'ND, V. A. Ifiijierflo, Lat.] to ftretch by filling ; to ftretch out in breadth. DISTE'NT, S. the fp ce through which any thing is fpread or ftretclied ; breadth " Di/?i.Wf</ one fourteenth part longer j which addition of dijicnt will add much to thei) beautv." IVotton. DISTE'NTION, S. [diPenth, Lat.] the aft of ftretching out ; breadth, or the fpacc which is occupied by a thing diltended ; the acl of feparating one thing from anoiher, Dl'STlCH, S. [ci.JiiUm:, Lat. J in Poetry a couplet ; a couple of lines; a poem con filling only of two vcrffs ; a theme or fub jeft treated of, and romprifed in two lines. To DISTI'L, V. N. [diftulo, Lat.J to drop, Or fall by drops. To drop or fall gently, ap plied to fluids ; to extraft tl;e virtues of in- gredients by means of a (lill. DISTILLA'TION, S, \_dJ}:!la:lo, Lat.] the aft of feparating the oily, watry, or fpiii'ii- ous parts of ingredients, inclofed in a ftill, by neans of fire,* or by the heat of dung ; the aft of filling in drops j that which d;:ftcads in drops from a (till. DISTl'LLATORY, Adj. belonging to, or ufed in diftillmg. DISTI'LLER, S. one who makes and fells lii/lilled liqu0r«. D I S DiSTI'LLERY, S. the bufinefs, trade, or emplovment of a-riiftiJler. DlSTi'NCT, Adj. [d:j1i„au,. Lat.] diffe- rent ; both in number and kind ; feparate ; apart ; afunder ; clrared and unconfufed ; marked out, fo as to be dillinguilhsd from any other. DISTI'NCTION, S. [Fr. dij1ir.5}lo, Lii.) a note which fhews the diftdfence between two or more objefts ; a mirk of fuperiority ; that by which one thing or perfun differs trom another; difference ilude between pcr- !ons of various ages, fesep. Or r.inks ; divi- lion into (iifTcfent paris ; difcernment ; iodp- ment : high r^nk, or fet above others by ho- nour or titli-. DISTi'NCTIVE, Adj. that which mani- fefts or marks the aifference between pcrfons or things ; having the powerto dift.ngji/h or perceive the difference between things j judi- cious. DISTJ/NCTIVELY, Adv. in right otder j without confufion. DISTrNOTLY, Adv. without confufing one part with another ; plainly ; clearly. DISTI'NCTNESS, S. a nice or accurate obiervation of the d fference between things ; a feparaUon of things either exteinally, or in the mind, which renders their difference from each oiiier manifeft and eafily per- teived. To DISTI'NGUISH, V. A. [4'?%vs, Lat.J to note the difference between cnings ; to feparate from others by fome mark of ho- nour ; to divide by notes fhewing rhs differ- ence between thi-ijs, in other refpef'.s like ejch other ; to perceive ; to difcern critically} to conftitute a difference; to fpecificite; to mzke known, or to m?ke eminent. DlSTrNGUJSHABLE, Adj. that which may be feparated or eafily known, on account of its difference from another ; worthy of note or regard. DlSTl'MGUISKED, Adj. eminent or ex- traordinary ; C'fily to be (een from others on :iirount of fome remarkable difference or cX- ccllenc", DISTFNOUISHER, S. one who fees and notes the dirleisnce of things with accuracy; a judirion< oMcrver. DiSTI'NGUlSHlNGLY, Adv. with fome mark which rendc-l-: a difference remarka^ils. DiSTI'NGUlSH.'vIENr, S. the obferva- tion of the di!li;e"C'r betv/een things. To DISTO'RT, V. A. [dijhrtiti, Lat.] iVom d'ljiorquo, h?X.\ to twift ; tj de'ortn by uncouth or irregul.ir morions ; to put out of its natural fla'e and ccndilion. To wrcll an fxpreffion from its true mcar.ing. DlsrO'RTiON, 3. [d'jtortio, Lar.] \n. Medicine, a contraf-\ion of one fide of the mouth, by a convulfion of the mu.'^cles of one fide of the f^cc ; en ir!et',uljr mtition, liy which any of the parts o! animal bod.cs are rendered deformed. Z To D I S T.I DISTRA'CT, [participle \nffite. dif- rachii, toimerlv J'lfli o'.igkl ; Irom J;//rvj^/vs, ] look on a pcrfon as one who ought not to- be D I T To DTSTRU'ST, V. A. to fufpe^ ; to pjr-iciple Ot d-jirah), Ljc.J to pull a thin ciiiVrcnt w,.ys iX. y.\\t fame lime; to fcpatjie; to part. '' Dfiiti'^ your army," ^bsk. To draw or turn lo diti'eifnr points ;' id fill and atttaiCt the mioJ wiih dtii-rcnt views or con- iiderjtioiiS ; to m Ae a perl'on marf. " Fetch niy poor d':fiiaci;d hufband home." Shjk, DlSTR'.-i'CTEDLY, Adv. after the man- ner of a madman. .DlSniA'CTEDNESS, S. ihs flate of a perfon who is mid ftom too great a variety ol purfuits. DISfRA'CTION, S. [difiraB'.o, Lat.] fe piration ; ciivifion. Confulion, applied to po- litics. A ftate in which thsatleniion is called t© diff"crt.nt, and fometimcs contraiy objc£iS; perhirbarion of mind ; madnefs. To DISTHA'JN. V. A. [dfj}ra!rdic, Fr. difirhgo, Lat. J in Law, to fcize the property of anoiher for debt. Neuierly, to make a feizure. DISTR A'lNFR, S. he lh.it feiz -s for debf. DlSTRA'iNT, S. in L.iw, the aft of feizinp, or tl-,3t which is feized for tiebt. DJSTRE'.SS, S. \d:/!r:p, Fr.] in Law, any thir-g lezrd or diftrajned for i»<it un- paid, or duty unperformed ; the aft of mak- ing a ffizure. Figuratively, any cilamity or lofs which reduces a perfon to great incon- venience or rr.ifery ; the ftate or condition of a perfon who has not the necelVaries to fup- ply the calls of nature. ToDKSTRE'SS, V. A. in Law, to feize for rent unpai'!. DISTRE'SSFUL, Adj. miferable ; wretch- ed ; inv lived in calamities which deprive a perfon of the com.'oris and conveaicncies of life. To DISTRIBUTE, V. A. [dijl,\hutum. confided in ; to be diffident. DISTRU'ST, S. iofs of credit ; want of confidence in another; fufpicion of a perfon'i fide'ity or ability ; diffidence. DISTRU'STFUL, Adj. fufpiciousj dif- fident of ihe fiaelity.or ability of another ; linr.orous. ,, ia/v v DiSTRU'STFULLV, Adv.. in a manner which ihfws fufpicion or diffidence. DiSTRU'STFULNESS, S. the ftate of Ueidg fufpicious of the firielity or ability of another ; wait of confidence. To DISTU'RB, V. A. [difurio, Lat.] fo perplex, difquier, make uneafy, or dpprjsje of tranquillity ; to confound j lo interrupt or hinder the continuation of any adlion. DLSTU'-RBaNCE, S. interruption, or that which caufes any flop, or hinders the continuation of an a£lion j confufion, or dif- oroer of mind. Tumult, uproar, or violation of the peace, applied to government. DiSTU'RBER, S. one who breaks the peace, caufes tumulis or public diforders, or sft' c1s the mind of another with confufion, tsoubie, anxiety, and uneafinefa. DiS'L'NlON, S. fepaiation or disjunfticn. Figuratively, breach of concord, or dlfagree* merit between friends, whereby they feparate or withdraw from each other. ToDlSUN'l'TE, V. A. to part or divide that which was united before } to feparate or part friends or allief. DISU'NITY. S. the ftate of aftual fepara- tion. " Dijitrnty is the natural property of m.^trer." M:re. DISU'SAGE, S.the leaving off a prafllce or cuftom by degrees; DISU'SE, S. want of cuftom or pra^ice ; he.biea!:ing of! or difcontinuing a cuflom. fupine o( d-Jiii'-iio, Lat. J to divide amongd j or pr.idtice difi'erent or fcveral pcrfous j to difpufe or let I To DI'SL^SE, V. A. to ceafe to make ufe in order. j of, or praftife ; to lay afide or quit a cuAotn DlbTRI'BUTER, S. one whobeftowsorjcrpradice. dlftribute-^. I l^lTtMi, S. [die, diik, Erfe, dire, Dan. DISTRIBU'TION, S. the (haring or di- diik, Bd^. digue, Fr.j a trench made to fe- vlding amongll many ; the atl of giving cha lity ; the thing given in alms. In i-ogic, the oiilindion of an univerfal whole into levetal kinds of fpecies. DlSTRrBUTlVE, Adj. that which is employed in afli;>,nlng portions- to otliers : iha' which dilliufuifhcs a general term into its >jrious fpecifs. DISTRl'bUTIVELY, A<^v. finely ; par- titulaily. Ill Logic, in «rm.iniier which ex- prefT^s fingly ail (he particulars included in a general term. Dl'STRiCT, S. [diftriam, Lar,] in Law, C rcuit or territoiy, in which a peribn m.-y be compelled to appearance j the ci'ciiit or territory within which a perfon's jurildic tion or authority is ccnfined j a rtgion or ■ couniry* aaraie and defend grounds J any lo'g, narrow cavity formed in the ground for iiolding water. In Fortification, a trench formed by digging between the fcarp and counterfcarp of a toit, and is either dry or filled with water. DirHVRA'MinC, S. [dithyrcm^ui, Lat ] litv^iy.i^, Gr.J a fpecies of poetry, full of trii;'pori and poetical rage, fo nsmed from the Dithyrambus or ode formerly fing in ho-* roiir of Bacchus, and partaking ul all the svarmth of ebriety. DI FTA'NDER, S. in Botany, the fame as pepperwort. Dl T'l^ANY, S. [diaamnus a'bui, Lat.] in B..tariy. Its empalement is cumpofed of five cblorg petals ending in points ; a very orna- mental plaot for gardens j its roots are efteem- ed cordial, cephalic, refifting puirclaciicn and puifon } D I V poifoB ; ufed In malignant peftilentlal diAem pers, and epiiepfies. WTTY, S, {dkht, Be!g. (li!?um, Lat.] a poem fee to mufic j a fong. Dl'VAN, S. [Afab.] a council-chamber, wherein jiiftice is adminlftered among the eaftern nations; a council of eaftern princes. Figuratively, any council afTembled, *' The confult of the dire divan." Pcfe. To DIVA'RICATE, V. A. [di-varlcatus, of divarico. Lit.] to part in two. Neuterly, to become parted, or to divide into two. DIVARICA'TION, S. a partition cf a thing into two. figuratively, divifioD, or difference of opinions. To DIVE, V, N. [daupgan, Golh. dyppan, Jippati, and doppetan, Sjx. duopen, Belg. dgibano. Span, tepete, Rufl", topiti, Dahn. topee, Pol. J to go voluntarily under wa er ; to go under Water and remain there fome time, in queft of fomething loft. Figuratively, to m.ilce flritl eptjiiiry or examination ; to go to the bottom of any queftion, fcience, or doctrinf. DI'VER, S. one wVio goes voluntarily un- der water ; one who profelies to go iinrltr wa- ter in tjueft of things loft by ftiipwreck, (Sc. Figuratively, one who makes himfclf matter of any branch or frience 3 one who goes to the bottom of an aff.iir. To DI'VER GE, V. N. {dh-ergo, Lar,] to recede farther from crach "ther, applied to the rays of light which procecil from one poim. DIVER'GENT, Part. or. Adj. [dmrgers, Lat.J in Geome ry, applied to tho'e line* which conftantly recede from each other. In Optics, applied to thol'e rays, which, proceed ing from a point of a vifib.'e objeft, (epara'e and continually depart from one another, in proportion to their diftance rrom the objeft. DI'VERS, Adj. [diver/us, Lat.j fundry ; feveral ; more than one. DIVE'RSE, Adj. [di-verfus, Lat.] different in form or nature; various ; in diffiren: di- reftions, or contrary ways. DIVERSIFICA'TION, S. the aft of changing forms or qualities; variation; a mixture of different colours; change or alte- ration. To DIVE'RSIFV, V. A. [dlverfifier, Fr.] to make different from another, or from it- felf ; to vary ; to mark with various colours ; to variegate. DIVE'RSION, S. [from ^tVfr/J the a£l of turning a thing afide from its courfe ; fome- thing which unbeids the mind, by taking it of} from intenfe application or care; fome thing lighter than amul'ement, and lefs forci- ble than pleafure ; fport ; the public exhibi- tions of fhews, p^jys, operas, (S c. v;hich un- bend (he mind. In War, the aift of dr.iwinj; .oft ai> enemy from fome ilelijn, by au att.iclc '•"'■' made at fome otiier place. DIVE'RSITY, S. [di-verfiu; ¥,-. dl'vcfuai. L't.J diftlrcnce v/hich dift.nt;ui(i>es things from each other a V4riety } varici^aiiun, or a D I V compofitlon of different colours " Bluftiing \n \itii.htd'fe>ftties ot day.' Pope. DIVE'R.SELY, Adv. in different ways, methyds, or manners; in different dire" ions, or to.Viids different points. " O'er li.'"e's vaft ocean di'verjtly we fail." Pope. To DIVE'RT, V. A. \di-verto, Lat.] to turn aficie from any dircftion or coorfs ; to feduce, or turn afiJe trom a rule of conjuil . To plejfe, to unbend ttic mind by public fports, or other things which afford plealure. In War, ^o^lraw forces to a differt-nt pirt. DIVE'RTER, S. any thing that unbend* the mind?, am" alleviates its tatijiue. Dl'VF.Rl'IVE, Ac/\. having the power to unb nd and recreate the mind. To Dl'VEST, V. A. [of dl and -vcjiire, Lat.J to ftiiji or deprive of. To DIVIDE, V. A. [d\t\do, Lat.] to feparate a thing or whole into leveral parts ; 10 ftand betv.'een 'hint's as a pariltion, to hinder them from joining or mee'i''g ; to part one perfon from another ; to feparj.e lri_n:is oy difcorJ ; to give or diftribute among feveral perloiis. IJI'VIDEND, .S. [dh-ldendt'i, Lit.] a fii'.re; a part al.otted in a dniirion. In Commerce, the portion of inrercft given by a company a perfon who puts money into their iund. in Arirhrnetic, the numcer given lo be paited or divi ted. DiVI'DER, S. that which feparates any thing into pans; one who diftributes to others ; the perfon who feparates friends, by promoting dikotJ between them j a particular Iciiid ot ciymoaffes. DlVIN.-i.''riON, S. [dl-jinatio, Lnt.] the art of foretelling future events, which are of a fetrec and hiilden nature, and cannot be known by the bare exercife of reafon. DlVi'NE, Aaj [Fr. of dh/inus, Lat.] par- t.iking of the nature of, or proceeding froai God. Figuratively, exi-elient ; extraordinary; feeminj'ly beyond the nature of mankind. DiVl'NE, S. a minifter of the golpel ; a cleit.yman, or one who is pecoliarly dedicated to the I'crvice of tiie church, and pertormancc of the riles in public vvorfliip. ToDlVl'NE, V. A. [di-viner, Fr. d'lfino, Lat.J to fotetel fome fuure event by mtanJ of omens, &c. To forelte, foreknow, or pre- lagc, Neuterly,. to utter a predittion ; to conj'rture, or guefs. DIVI'.nELY, Adv. in a divine or heavenly m.inner ; by the operation of God; excel- lently ; in a luprcme or fupcrl;.tive degree. DiVl'NER, S. one whoproielics to fotetel or dil'tover future events ( y means i/f extcrnsil h^m, or fuprrnautal inHuencc ; a guellcr. " He muft be a notable ui'Jinir of thoughts." BiCTi'n. DiV'TNlTY, S. [dhi^'itr, Fr. dlvinitut, i Lat.J a partaking of the nature .ind cx<.ellenie [of God; Godhc.id. Figuratively, LioO, il.fi Ifupicme B!.i/ig,.t.ii< Cieaior, and i-'icUivei ot" D I Z all thing? ; a falfe deity or idol. The fclence converfant about God, heavenly things, and the duties wi: niore imrncliately owe to him ; fotr.cthing I'upernatur^l. " Thpy lay there is (iit-ir.iiy in ojd numbers." Sbak, DIVI'SIEILITY, S. [(iii':Ji-uiite, Fr.] the quality of admitting divifion, either mentally, craftuallv. DIVrSinLE, Adj. dWifibilii, Lat.] ca- pable of being aiftually or mtintally divided into p.irts. DlVl'SlBLENESS, S. ihe quality of being divided, DlVl'SION, S. [di-vlfio, L.t.] the afl of fepar.uiiig fpace or body into p iris ; the (Ijte of a thing, whofe parts sre lep.irated or di- vided ; dil'cord, or dilTerence which occafions a reparation between friends j a diftinftion. *' 1 will put a div'ifion between my people sn.i ihy pcojile." Exod. viii. 23. In Mufic, the dividing an interval of an oftave in;o a number of le/ler interv. Is. In Arithmeiick, that rule whereby we find how olten a lels <)uantity is contained in a greater, and the jiiflerencc. In Logic, the feparaiing a general tcim or idea in'.o its fpecies or parts. DIV'FSOR, S. [Lat.] in Arithmctick, the dividing number, or that number by which the dividend is divided, and which ihews ho* iii»nv parts it is to be divided into. DivO'RCE, S. Fr. IdivcrUum, Lat.] the legal reparation of people that are married together, whereby the marriage contract is rendered null and void. To DIVO'RCE, V. A. to feparate a huf- band and wife from each other; to abolifh and ■annul the mani^ge contradl. Fi|iuratively, to force alunder, or tc feparate by violence j to take awav by force. DIVO'RCEMENT, S. the abrogaring, annulling, or fetting afiJe tiie niarrii-ge-cun- tiad, and fepaiating a man and wile from each other. DIVO'RCER, S. the perfon who caufes the heal feparation of a mao and his wife, DIURE'TIC, Adj. [from Jia, through, and b-js.', Gr, to make water] having the pcwer to provoke urine, or force a perfcn to make water olten. DIU'RN.'^L, Adj. [diurnus, Lat.J relating to the day ; conftiiuting the day j perfoinied in the fpace of a cav, or daily. DIU'RNAL, S.'[Fr.j a journal, or day book. DIU'RNALLY, Adv. daily, or every day. To DIVULGE, V. A. {d:i-u!^o, Lat.] 10 piiblifti ; to make known or public j to pro- claim or jn^niteft. DIV'LLGER, S. a publirtier ; one whe expofes to public view ; one that reveals a lee ret. Dl'ZZlNESS, S. [from dixxy] giddinefs, or a fwimming in the head. Dl'ZZY, Adj. [diji, ^//Fj^, Sax. deufgh. Belg J gii^dy, having a ftftimrauigin the hi ad, ' DOC or a fenfatlon of turning round. Figuratively, thoughtlefs. To Dl'ZZY, V. A. to make giddy. ♦' Not the dreadful fpout — (hall dizzy with more clamour Neptune's ear." Shak. To DO, V. A. [preter did, part. pafT. done ; from don, Sax. doen, Bclg.] to perform, aft, or pradtife. To execute or difcharge, ap- plied to a mefl'age ; to caufe ; to have recourfe to, ufed as a fudden and paflionate queflion. " What will you do in the end r" Jere- miah. To perlorm, to fini/h ; to conclude, or fettle. " When all is done:" What ta do •with, fignifies to beftow, to employ, to dif- pofe of, or what u''e to make of. " They would not know tvhat to do ivith them- felves." 7illct. " He knows not ivhat to de ■with his money." To faie j to be conditioned witn refpeft to health or ficknefs. " Good woman, how do/} thou ?" Shak. To be able to fucceed, or perfedl a defign. <' We (h»\l do without him." j^ddij. Sometimes, how- ever, it is ufed to fave the repetition of another verb. ' ' I fhall come, but if I dc not, go away j" '. e. if I come not. Sometimes it is ufed as a word of peremptory and pofitive command ; as, " Help me ; do.''' Or to encreafe the em- phafis of the %crb which follows ii : " But I do love her." Shsk. DO'CIBLE, Adj. [docibilis, Lat.] fubmitting to inflruftion ; eafy to be taught j traflable. DO'LTLE, Adj. [docilis, Lat.] teachable j eafily taught ; tradable. DOCI'LITY, S. [docilite', Fr. from doclli- tas, Lat.J aptne.'is to receive inflru£lion ; readi- nefs to be taught. DOCK, S. [dccca, Sax.] in Botany, lapa- lium, Of rumsx, the empalement is permanent, iixA compofed of three obtrufe reflex leaves. DOCK, S, [^o-)(j.irj)/, Gr. the ftump part of a horfe's tail j a place where water is let in or out at plcifure, wherein Ihips are built, repaired, or laid up. To DOCK, V. A. [from dock, a tail] to cut a tail ofT, or Ihort ; to cut any thing fhort ; to lay a fhip in a dock. In Law, to cut oH an entail 3 to lellen the charge of a bill. DO'CKET, S. a direftion tied or faftened 10 goods ; a fummary or abridgment ot a larger writing, DO'CTOR, S. [Lat.] one fo well verfed ia any fcience as to be able to teach it ; a perfon who has taken the higheft degree in mufick, law, phyfick, or divinity. DO'CTORAL, Adj. [doaortaUt, Lat. J belonging to a doftor's degree. DO'CTORALLY, Adv. after the manner of a doftor, or phyfician. DO'CTORSHIF, S. the oflice or rank of a doflor. DO'CTRiNAL, Adj. [fometimes accented on the fecond fyllable ; [from dc^rina, Lat.J belonging to, or containing, doftrine or in- Aiudlion formerly taught. DO'C- DOG DO'CTRINALLY, Adv. pofitively ; in the form of precepts or inftruftions. " With- out delivering any thing doHrinally concerning thefe points." Ray. DO'CTRINE, S. [doHrlna, Lit.] the principles or pofitlons of any feift: or mafler ; the thcfis orjmaxtms delivered in a difcourfe, any thing taught ; the aft of teaching. DO'CUMENT, S. [Jocumentum, Lit ] an inftrudtion, admonition, precept, or direftion ; a precept of fomii dogmatical or pofilive per- fon or mafter; vouchers, or original writings produced in fupport of any charge, or accufa- tion. DOD'DER, S. [toutercn, Belg. to flioot up, SIcinnerJ in Botany, a plant which twines and propagates itfelf along the flalks of fome other plant. DOD'DERED, Adj. overgrown with dod- def ; wafted or decayed, " A laurel grew — doddered with ae;e." Dryd. DODE'CAGON, S. [from foi^sxa, Gr. twelve, and yuvw, a cornerj a figure having twelve fides. To DODGE, V. A. [probably corrupted from dog\ to ufe craft, evafions, or low fhiits ; to ftiift phce as another approaches. Figura- tively, to play faft and loofe ; to raife high expectations and bafflle them ; to rtiuffle, or baffle. DO'DMAN, S. a kind of fliell-fiiTi, which calls its ihcll like the lobfter, and is likewife called the hodmandod, " The craw fifti, the hodmandod or dodman.''* Bacon. DOE, S. [pronounced like the o in wo ; da, Sax. dau, Dan. J a flie deer j the female of a buck. DO'ER, S. [from to do] one who performs anything, whether good or bad ; a perfoimerj one who praftifes. DOG, S. [_dogghe, Belg.] a domeftic ani- mal, the fpecies of which are remarkably various, comprizing the maftiff, fpaniel, bull- dog, hound, greyhound, terrier, &c. the larger fort being ufed as guards, and the Icfs for fports, Jn Aftronomy, the name of a conftellation, called likewife Sirius, or Cani- cula. Figuratively, ufed as a term of reproach for a man. When added to the names of other animals, it fignifies a male of the fpe- cies, as a ^fii^-fox, a dog- oUcr. Ufed as a particle, and added to another word, it figni- fies fomething worthiefs, as a dog-rofe. To fend or ghie to the dogs, is aphrafe implying, to be ruined, made away witli by extravagance or deftraved. To DOG, V. A. to hunt or puifue like a hound. DO'GBANE, or DO'GSBANE, S. [fo called by the antients from a belief that it would kill dogs, called likewife apocynuniy Lat. and aTroKuviv, Gr.J in Botany, lis cm- palement hath a permanent empalemtm': of oiu- le»f cut into five ftgmerUs at the top : it haih but one petal, ol an open bell-ftiapc. DOG It IS ranged by Linnsus in the fecond divirtoa of his fifth this, and is uivided into clevc^ fpecies. DO'C BERRY-TREE, S. in Botany, the fame as the cornelian cherry. DO'GBOLT, Adj. wretched ; roiferable; I'orrv. " K\s dagboU fortune was fo low."" Hud!h DO'G-BRL^R, S. in Botany, the briar which beus the hip, DO'G-CHEAP, Adj. extremely cheap; as cheap as dogs meat, or ofl".<ls which are throwa to doRS. DO'G-DAYS, S. the days in which the dog-flar rifes and fets with 'he fun ; which, on account of their great heat, are fnpoofei to be very unwholelome or unhealthy. DO'g'-FISH, S. in Natural Hiftory, a filt- water-fifh, remarkable, according to Opian, tor receiving its young into her belly on any ftorm or danger, which ate faid Co cime out again after ihe fright is over. DOGE, S. [Yen. of dux; Lat. hence dc^ gato, Ital, of diicJius, Lat. a ducliyj the title of the fupreme mjgiilrate of tiie republics of Venice and Genoa. DO'G-FLY, S. a voracious, biting flv. DO'GGED, A>ij. fullen; four; mo'rofe ; or ill- humoured. DO'GGEDLY, Adv. in a four, morofe, or ill-humourel mnnner. DO'GGEDNESS, S. a difpofition of mind wl-ierein a pcrfon is not moved to pleafantry, by any objefts of mirth, or pleafed by offices of kindnefsand civility ; fullennefs ; morolsnefs. DO'GGER, S. a fmall fli-p, or fifhing vef- fel, built after the Dutch fafliion, with a nar- row ftern, commonly but one maft, and .t well in the middle for keeping fi(h alive ; princi- pally ufed in fifhing on theDoggr Bank, from whence it dei;ives its name. DOGGEREL, S. in Poetry, applied to "Yuch compulitions as have nciltier accuracy with refpeft to their rhimes, harmony with regard to their metre, dignity of expreflion, fertility of invention, or elevation of lenti- ment. DO'GMA, S. [Lat.] an eftabli/hed prin- ciple, axiom, nr rr,axim. DOGMA'TIC, or DOGMATICAL, Adj. pofitive ; ftroni!ly attached to any particular notion or opinion ; authoritative, or imperi- ous in turcing one's opinions as indubitable truths, on ochers. DOGMA'TICALLY, Adv. in a pofitive, imperious or peremptory manner. DOGMATICaLNESS, S. the quility of bfioL' pofitive of the truth of one's own opi- nion', and endeavouring to force them magil- tcrially or imperioufly on others. DOGM.'^'J'LST, S. one who advances his opinions a; infallible, fupporls rliem with gri^at obltinacy, and nugiftcrially demands the af- fent of others to them. To DO'GMATIZE, V. A. to advance Z 3 any D O L tny opinion pofitively, and en deavour to pro- paj;ile it iinperioufly. DOGM A'l IZER, S. one who advancei op." ions w.th an air ot infolent confidence. DO'G ROSE, S in Botany, the flower ol the hip. SeeDO'G-BRIAR. DO'G-SLEEP. S. a pretended ordiflembkrf fl <H.. DO'GS MEAT, S carrion or horfe ticfli, fold for ihe tood of di'gs. Figuratively, any ofi'jis, or cheap and bad Pu'cr.er'^ meat. DO G-STAR, S. the flar which nles ana ftts uitR the fun during the dcp-Jays. DO'G'S-TOOTH, S. in Botany, called likcw ,e kjOii's tO'th-violet. Tr.e tiowe' is bti; ihapc. , ^o.nipol'ed oJ fix oblong petals, and without in eir., ahmcnt, Linna. us ranges it in the fiifi.fe£iion ol his fixth cJifs. DO G TEETH, S. in A-i-iomy, the four tee h, two >n tarh j.iw ; which are fituateo between me i>ic:fcrcs and the eriikders : fiom their fe''emi ling the tech in ihe lame fitua- tion in a doa's-inouih they derive their narn;', and are by fonre called ^he eye-ietth. DO'G's-TRICK, S. an ill turn } fuily and brutal tiealment. DO'GTROT, S. a gentle trot, refembling that of a dog. " Rodc — a dn^-iruP thruugh tY.c ha'vjing crowd." Hudib, DO'G WOOD, S. in IJotany, a plant, a fpecirs Ol" the corni'hn cherry. DO'iLy, S. a co^rJe woollen ftufr", lup- pofed to be To called from the na.xe oi' the in- ventor. " A d::Iy ituit." Cong. DO'jNGS, S [plural, and leldcm ufed in the fingular, (torn do iht veibj any thing per- formed, whether gooa or bad. Peitormjuces ; exploits; ;c'-.aviour; conduct j bulUe ; tu- mult; mtirimeni. DOli, S. [ihyt, Be!g, coygbt, EifeJ a fmall piece of money, curreni; in H.jihind. i-'i^urativtly, the lead value that can It fet on a thint;. DOLE, S. \Jhl. dal, of dabn, .Sax. to di- vide itito (hares, lUcl, or deyl, Belg.J the z€t of dividing, into fhares or portions. In Law, a portion or fnite, Furtii.n or ci-ndition, ap- plied to the circumflances, or incidents hap- pening to a pcriin. Grief, forrow, mile y, iiomdolio, Lit. to grieve. " in equal fcale weitthi'ig dr.light and c.'s.V." ^tak. To POLE, V. A [dicUn, Sax.] to divide in portiufib or Ihares; to deal out, or diftri- bute. DOLE, S in Husbandry, a voi-i fpace left in lillige. See i^Ai.E. PO'LEFUL, .'^dj- difrnjl; forrowl'ul ; hav. \?:^ tiie e::ttinal appearand: of lurrow j cifi lan<hsly, DO'l.ErnLLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to (hew ot cau:e turrovi', DO'LtrULNLSS, S. the quality v.hich /he\s or expreU'cs gnrf, or caufej it inolhers. QO'LESO.ME, A.'j. f u I ot p\e, ex- bciiitiy loiiowtuJ, applied topetfons. Gloomy, DOM dull, or afTeding a perfon with melancholy, applied to things. ' DO'LESOMLY, Adv, in fuch a manner as to affect a perfon with, or to exprels deep lorrow. DO'LESOMENESS, S. the quality of af-. feiSing a perfon with extreme forrow, DOLL, S. a contra<5tion of Dorothy, anj api^lied to a wooden image, cloaihed either with the drel's of a female or male^ ufed ^»y thldren as a play-thing, DO'bLAR, S. [dalftr, Tent, dtelder, Belg.] a fiiver coin made ul'e ot in Germany, nearly of the value of a Spanifh piece, or a French crown. DO'LORIFIC, Adj. [dolorifcas, from do- lor, Lit. pain or griet, and j'dcio, Lat. to CiufeJ tli^it which canfes griei or pain. DO'LOUR, S. [dolor, Lat.J grief or for- row ** To«breaih the abundant dolour of the heart." Shak. Pain or pang. , " The ^o/oari of dejth." Bac. DO'LOROUS, Adj. \dolor, Lat.] mourn, lul or forrov.iul, applied to perlons, Afteft- ing with grief or pain, applied to thinps. DO/LPPIJN, S. [de!}.birms. Lat. JsX^iv, Gr.J the name of a large fe.i-fifh. In Altro- nomy, a con;kllation of the rorthern he« mifphere, confifting of 18 ftars, DOLT, S. [d'Jl, Teut.J a foci, or perfon of dull apprehenfion j a blockhead. DO'LTISH, Adj. ftupid ; like a fool or b'ockhead. DO'M.AIN, S, \doma'we, Fr. from doml- r.ium, Lat.J land pofl'eflVd by one as a pruprie- tor, heir, or governor. DOME, S. [djmf, Fr. domus, Lat.] a houfe, or builiiing, generally applied to a (lately building, or to one fet apart for divine fervice. In Arc.TitedWire, a roof of a Ipherical firm, refembling the bell of a great clock, raifed over the middle of a buil.iing, called by the Italians csufipoLt, and by us a cupola. , DOME'aTlC, or DOiWESTlCAL, Adj. [domcJJkus, Lat.J belonging to a houfe, or the minagcmcnt of a family j fit to inhabit a houfe, applu-d to animals. Applied to wars, intcrtint; or civil, cppofed to tftole carried oa in a foreign country. DOM'ESTIC, S. a fervant who lives in the f.:me houfe with his mafter ; generally applied to the fervants of perlons ot diflinc- tion. ToDO'MlNATE.V. A. \_dom\natuz, Lat.] to prevail over others. " The dominaling humour rr.akes the dream." Dryd, DOMINA'TION, S. [do^urano, Lat.] ex- erciie ot power ; gover':ment ; tyranny j or a t!»o t'=at and inlolent (Ireich oi power and au(ho:ily. ^ To DOM.'NE'ER, V. N. [domlvor, Lat.J to tx^rt au'hi.rily or pcv.-er in an inlolent, ar- bitrary, and tyrannical manner. DOI.li'NiCAL, Artj. noing the Lord's day, or Sunday. The daminkal inter, in Chrc- D O O Chronology, is that which, denotes theSundaj in almanack*, &c. throughout the year ; o( thefe letters thrre are confequently feven, Se gjo ling with the firft letter of the alphabet and as in leap years there is an intercaliry day, there are then two, the firft of which denotes every Sunday till the intercalary d^y, and the fecond all the Sundays which follow after it. DOMFNION, S. {dmimum, Lat.] the exercife of' power or authority. The fpace of gr'^und or territory fubje£l to a perfon, applied to place. I'redomiodncy j preference i or order of ance'f. DON, S. ["Span, of dominus, Lat.j the Sp'nifti title tor a gentleman. _DO'NARY, S. Idrjnjrlum, Lat.] a thing given for fac^ed ufes. DONATION, S. [d'.naik, Lat.] the afl ef giving eny thing voluntarily or unafked ; the i:rant by which any thing is given j titlt: to a thing given. ' DON'ATIVE, S. [doKailf, Fr.] a gift, largels, of fome confider^ble prefenr. In Ljw, a benefice given and collated by the patron, without any pr fentation to the ordinary, in ftiiution by the oiJinary, or indudion by his orders. DONE, participle of do. DONE, an interjeflion made ufe of by the party, who accepts of, or agrees to, a v?ger prnpofed by another perfon ; and im- plies it is £i good di done, or let it be done, or hi It tefo. DO'NOR, ("from dor.o, Lat. to give] one who gives a thing to jnoiher. To DGOM.V. A. [domon, Sax.] to judge j to pafs fentence againft j to condemn. DOOM, S. [doin, Sax. duom, Teut.] the fentence or condemnation of a judge ;the great judgment at the \i\\ day ; the ftate to which a perCon is deftined ; fate or dcttruiflion. Sen- tence, or the I»ft determination of the judg. ment wi h rcfied to the condition cf a perfon. DOO'MSDAY.S. \d;njeda(g, Sax.J the lafi day, when judgn-.ent it lo !e paOed upon alJ mankind'; the dsy of judgment. "As it ^tri'dcomfdayy t^hak. The day in which a '\ perfon is condemned, or is to be executed. All fouls-day is my body's </c3/W'(/i7v '' S/Li'J. Doontfday-book, in Sax. dtin hoc, a b^ok of the lurvey of ingbriJ, msde by William thi Conqueror, which is ftill ufcd to de ermine the qu-ftion, whether tenures are of aniieni demefne or not > DOOR, S. [from dora or dare, S-x daur, Go'h. dor, Biit. Dan, and Arm. dai , feif dera, Epirot. dcuro, Sclav, duira, Lii(. duti, Corinth, divir, B.ih. ./.-rr^j, 1-rfe, d,ivs, Brit.j a vacant (pace left in a buildinir, through which perfons enter or go out. 'fhis is ge- nerally applied to private houfes; but the en- trance into cities, pahres, cr the manficns ot the nobility, is called a Tflff. Figuratively, a Jioufc, paflage. avenue, ifilet, or .my mia-is DOR by w-hi'h an approach or entrance may be maje. " .Shuts the door againft r\\ tempta- tions." O-Jt if dons, is fi;ir.ciimes ufrd for a thing aboliibed, Irid afide, <|uite gone, va- niftier), exploded, or fent away. " Hi? ima- rinary title of fatherhood is eur rf do-rs," Locke. At tie door, implies fomelhmg ne?r, impendent or imminent " Death is at rke uoor,'" At lie iloar of a pe'fon, fign'ficv fome- tiiing that may be chargrd or imputed lo a perfon, and feems to allude to the . uftom of dropping fpurious children at the ooors of the fuppi.ffd parents. " The fauit lies wholly at my door."" Dryd. DOO'R-CaS£, S. the frarres in which donrs M«L hfiOg. DQ/QUET, S. in Law, a paper containing a w rr.fnr. DO'RMANT, Acj. [fr.] deeping; in a fleeping p .fture. Secret, or privite, oppo'ed io puhl;c '• There were other dormant muf- ter-. of foldier?." BtJcn. DO/RMI'JORy, S. \do'mitorit„n, Lst.J a place furnifhtd, for /Iceping in, wi'h a g'eat many beds. In old record?, a burial plice. DO'R MOUSE, S. [,•«« dcrrnkns, Lat.] 3 mouie which paiFes a great pan of the winier i ; flecp. DORN, S. [dcrn, Teut. 3 thorn] in Na- tur, 1 Hiftory, a fifii, perhaps the fame as the thorn- b.ick. DORR, S. [tor, Teut. ftupid] in Na- 'ural Hiftory, an infedl, fo called from its f^'und, and named likew fe the hedge-chaf- fer. lt!> head i'; fmall like that o^ the com- mon hurtle ; the cafes oi its wings, leg?, and :he end of its t^ril, which a'e long and f.at- poiiiti-d, are of a rhefnut cilour, and its breaft IS covered with downy hair. DO'RSEL, or DORSLR, S. {dorfun:, Lat. ihe backj a pa.'./iier cr bag hung on e..ch I'.de of a horfe, for holding tilings of a Imal bulk. DO'KSCTSHfRE, S. a countv of England, bounded by Stimerfetfliire ?nd Wih/hire, on the N. by Devonfhire a' d ((^me p rtc oi So- merfctfliire on the W. by fjampfnire on the E. and py the Engiifti channel i;n the S. Ir-; extent on the coall if f;fty imies j but in the injand ptirts not more th. n forty from E. io W. nor thirty-four whe« b:oa:'eIt. Ucon- taij.s 7720:0 .'icres, and 152000 inhabi- tants; alfo 24ii p»r:ihi.s, twenty-two bo- loiith and fnaitiLct towns ; and including the two kniuhts fi r ihe ft'rc. ftn)s twenty men - bers to p.iiliainirni. It lies tn the dipcefc of Briftol, containing the deirric? of Bridpor", Dortiit(r«T, WfiiTiniirc':!,, Hiirtperr, asd Sh^t- ton. This is a very plcal'jnt cou.'.ty, inters (perfed with hills and truiiful plains ; the air is fomething (harp on the higher ground.*, mild near the oafV, arrt healihy aiuiolt eve- ry whtto. It aboundF in com, pafiorc?, and <atth-, p^J.^Jci^g r!:j hemp : here great Z 4 I'uantitiv* DOT D O U (juantltles of linen and weoUen cloth are]" Pollards and if;r/arjj are not to us at tlilj inade. No ihire can match it for plenty of j full height." Bacon, excellent ftone, particuliily in the quarries DO'TTEREL. S. in Natural Hiftorv, a cf Portland and Purbeck, in the latter of bird which miiriicks geftures and aftions, and which maibjc is dug fometimes; and from l^lackmore foreft the county has fufiiciency cf timber. Many of the gentlemen's feat?, and the buildings in the towns, aie very gen- teel. The bed tobacco-pipe c!ay is dug about I'ool and \Yarcham. Jts principal riv; rs are the Slower, Frome, Piddle, Lyddon, Dulifli ?nJ Allen, which fupply all fort; of river-fifh, as the potts farnilh thofe of the 'ea, and the rocks on the co.:ll famphira ^nd erlnjjo. This county has plenty of wild-fowl, and all forls of game ; fo th.;t it has been often ftiled the pafiien of England. Jt is of fnecia! n^'te for its fine October beer ; great quaniieb of which ate drank in London and Wellrninfit-r. li gave title of eail, now that of dulce, to the SackviHe farriilv. DOILSlTElloUS, or DORSIPAROUS, Adj. [from (icijum, Lat. the back, and fur, pi J.uiio, Lat. to bearj bearing and bringing forth on the back. In Botany, applied tn plants of the capillary kind, without ilalk, •which bear their feeds on the back fide ot their leaves j fuch as the fern, (^c- In Natural Hi'.iory, applied to the American frog, \vhich brings forth her young at her back DO'RTURE, S. [J-ruir, Fr.] a place to fleep in ; a bed chamber. *' Ke led us to a g-l!eiv like a djrture." Bac. DOSE, S. fJ^cTf,-, fro.-n JiV. Gr. to give] in Phyfic, as much of any medicine ai it is proper for a perfon to take at one time As much ot any liquor as a perfon can be^r ; fomet'mes ufed for that quantity which in toxii-aies a perfon. DO'SSIL, S. a pledgtt ; or a fmall lump or quantity of lint to be laid en a fore. DOT, S. a firall point or fpot made to mark any thing, by prelling the tip of a pen on the paper in writing, and reiembling the mark at the end of this I'entence [.]. To DOT, V. A. to Cjake round fpots in writirg. DOTAGE, S. [from ^oti] want or weak- nefs of undeiflanding ; exccflive fondneis for any perfon or thing, generally applied to per fons advanced in years. DO'T.'^RD, S. a perfon whofe underhand i: g is im;?jirel by age. To DOTE, V. N. [Jaen, Belg. rodoicr, Fr,] to have one's underftanding impaired by age, or pafiion. Ai'.iv^ly, to reg.iid with ex ctfllve for.ins''s. DO'TER, S. one whofe underflar.dirg is impaired hy years j One who loves a perfon oi thing wiili excfinve londnefs. DO' I INGLY, Adv. with an cxccfs of latv or fondt^eU. DO'TTARD, S. in Gardening, atieekeu! from gsowint; to its full hciglith by tuaii^g. is generally caught by that means. DOU'BLE, Adj. [Fr. ,iup/e, Erfe] two things of the fame fort, joined- in paiis, and anfwering each other. In Botany, having oae added to another j having more than one in the fame order, or more petals than are generally produced in the natural w^y. Twice as much, applied to quantity j the fame num- ber repeated. Having twice the eft'ed. or in- fluence, applied to power. Deceitful, a£)ing two parts, one openly, and a different one in priva'e. It is ufed in compofnion for two w<iys, as doutie ed^ed, having an edge on each fide j or for twice the number or quantity : d-jul'e-dyed, i. e. twice dyed. To DOUBLE, V. n! [pronounced dubble] to ericreife to twice the quantity, number, vaiue, or ftrength ; to turn back, to wind in iiinning. Aciively, an.ong failors, to pafs louiid a cape or promontory ; to pafs, to fold; to repeat the fame word j to encrcafe by ad- dition. DOU'BLE, S. twice the quantity, number, value, or quality ; ftrong beer, fo called from its bring twice as firong as the common fort, " Here's a pot of gocd dcubW' SlaL In Hunting, a turning back or winding made by gan-.e. DOU'BLE-BITING, Adj. biting or cu'- ting on each fide. " His doubie-bliing axe." Dryd. DOU'BLE- DEALER, S. one who is de- ceitful, by aiff ir.g two pares at the fame time, one to a perfon's face, and the other behind his back. DOU'BLEDEALING, S. an artifice ; difiiirulation ; the afting two different par:s ; by pretending friendfhip to a perfon's face, and at the fame time being intimate with his enemy j \ow, infidious, and fraudulent j cunning. POU'BLE-MINDED, Adj. deceitful, aft- ng two contrary parts J profccuting coatrary defiftus. DOUBLE'NESS, S. the ftate of a thing repeated twice ; the (fate of a thing folded, or made twice its natural fize. DOU'BLE TONGUED. Adj. giving con- trary a counts of the fame thing; deceitful. DOU'BLER, S. one who is guilty of de- ceit or diilimulation^j one who encreafes any thin? by repetition, addition, or folding. DOU'BLET, S. [proncunct-d dub'e:^ an under or inner garment, fo called from its affording double the warmth of another. DOU'BLOW, S. [Fr.] a Spanifh coin va- lufd at two pifiolef. DOU'BLy, Adv. in a twofold manner; in twice the quantity ; or twice the degree. To DOUBT, V.N. [pronounced donvt ^ ifoni dauLiir, Fr, dulnto, Lit.] to qutftjon ; D O U io be unable to determine the reality, truth, cr poffibility of a thing, on account of the equality of the arguments on each fide j to fear ; to fufpedt ; to hefitate ; to defift or keep from adion through fufpence. " Stand at the door of life, and douit to cloath the year." To fear ; to fufpeft ; todiflruft. DOUBT, S. uncertainty ; fufpence ; a ftate of the rhind wherein it remains undeter- mined. Figuratively, a queflion or fome point undetermined and unfettkd ; afcriipkj per plexity J fufpicion ; a difHcuky propofed to the underftanding. DOLf'BTER, S. one who is not able to determine the truth or probability of a thing J one who is in an uncertain ttate of mind. DOU'BTFUL, Adj. See DOUBT, full of uncertainty J not fettled in opinion. Am- biguous, or not clear, applied to the mean- ing of words j not determined in the mind, on account of the equality of the proofs yor and againji ; not fecure j fufpicious ; timo- rous. " With doultful iiitt and wavering re- folution." Mdi. DOU'BTFULLY, Adv. with uncertainty and irrefolution ; with ambiguity, or v;an: of clearnefs. DOU'BTFULNESS, S. a ftate of the mind, wherein it is unable to determine certainty, reality, or tru'.h, for want of preponderating proofs ; uncertainty. That which may admit of various and contrary fenfes, applied to words. " To involve his adverfary in the doubtfulnejs of his expref- fions." Locke. DOU'BTINCLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be uncenain with refpctl to the reality or truth of a thing; in luch a manner as to be fearful of fome future ill. DOU'BTLESS, Adj. without any fear or appr henfion of danger or ill j without doubt ; certainly. DOU/BTLESS, Adv. without doubt, queftion, or uncert ;i(y. DOU'CEURS, [plural, Fr.] flattering and engaging careHes in order to divert a perfon from rage, or to inlinudte one's felf into his good opinion. DOUC'KER, [from douck, a corruption of duck'\ in Natural Hiftory, a water-lowl, whofe fabric is remarkably adapted for diving, DOVE, S. [dwva. Sax. duyf, Belg. daub, du-vo, Teut. due, Dan. J a v^ilJ p'geon, gene- rally applied to the female of the Ipecics, _ DO'VE-COT, S. a fmall building in which pigeons are kept ; a pigeon- houfe. DO'VE-TAIL, S. m Carpentry, a form or manner of joining boards or timber, by letting one piece into anoiiier, in form of a wedge reverfed, or a dove's tjll. This is one of the ftrongeft kinds of joinings. DOUGH, S. [pronounced do, i'i>unding the «like that in no j from dab, b«x. detgh, Bi-lg, DOW deyah, Dan.] thrf pafte made for bread or pie?, before it is baked. ftoUGHTY, Adj. [pronounced do-wty i from dohiy, Sax. ftrong, deuched, Belg. virtuej brave, noble, illultrious, in ancient autiiors. Obltinately brave; flif}'. Ufed by moderns tD convey fome ludicrous or ironical idea of ftrerigth and courage. DOU'GHY, Adj. [prononnced doey\ not baked ; not baked enough. Figuratively, foft 5 not confirmed by years or education in the love of virtue. To DOUSE, V. A. [Sy;j-,j, Gr. a fall] to plunge luddenly over head in the water ; to give a perfon a box on the ear. Neuterly, to !all fuddenly into the water. DOUSE, S. a box on the ear 3 a low and cant word. DOWAGER, S. [doualrie, Fr.] a-widow who has a jointure; a title given to the wi- dows of kings, or other nobility. DOV/'DY, S. an aukward, ill-drefTed, and clownilh woman. DO'WER, or DOWERY, S, [douain,, Fr. dos, Lat.j the fortune which a woman brings her hufband at marriage; that which a widow pnlTelTes as her right or jointure. DO'WERED, Part, portioned. DO'WERLESS, Adj. without a portion. DO'WLASS, S. a coarfe kind of linen, DOWN, S. [formerly fpelt doon, from diaia, Ifl. a feather, dun, Dan, dun -veders, Belg.] foft feathers, generally thofe which grow on the breafts of birds or fowls. Figu- ratively, that which foftens or alleviates any uneafy fenfation ; foft wool, or tender hair. DOWN, S. [dun, dune, Sax. a mountain, dune, Etfe, dounos, Celt.j a large open plain or valley. In the plural, ufed for a road near the coaft of Deal in Kent, which is paflcd by (hipping homeward and outward bound, and ;s a general place for men of war to rendez- voufe ; a hill or rifing-ground. DOWN, Part, from a higher to a lower fuuition ; along a defcent, from a rifing ground to the plain on which it (lands. To- wards the mouth, applied to a river. " Con- veyed Jotun the river.'* DOWN, Adv. on the ground ; from a higher to a lower fituation ; tending to the ground or towards the center. Out of fight, or below the horizon, applied to the f tuation of" the fun, moon, &c. " The mom is down.''' Shak. To boil doivn, is to exhauft all its ftrength, or fo as to macerate, or boil to pieces. Up and d:zvn,evety where, or without any confinement to place. "Let them wander up and do-wit lor meat." Pj'al. lix. 15. DOWN, lnterje£\. to fling a perfon on the ground, or make him fall by means of a bfow j to demolifh or deftroy a building. DO'WNFALL, S. ruin, applied to build- ings. Calamity, difgracc, or change from a (tale of dignity, afliuence, and power, to one uf indigf-nce, mifcry, and difgrace. 4 DOWN- D R A. DOWNLOO'KED, Adj. with the eyes <»lt or locking tov.'ards the ground, the na- tural txprtflioii of forrow. " D'-ii'^i/c.ok'J, and viih a f iickow on het fift." Dryd. UO'VVNRiGHT, Adv. ftrai; down; in a flrait or perpendicular line j in plain terms. Wiihou: any diflin/ulation, flattery, or ccte IBonv, ajiplied to language. DO'WNRiCnT, Adj. plain ; open j pro- ftflcU ; wi:houc cifguil'c or d fiirrulaiion j direiiMy tending to ihe point; without cir- cumlocution ; aitiefs, applied to the manner er method ot any jiarritive or ftcny j without ceiemonj ; honeltlv : furhiy. DO'V. NSlTTiNG, S. the aft of going to left, alluding to the eaftern culiom or lying on ine giound ; rtft ; repofe ; or the time ot yepoftne. " Thou knoweft my Htnvitfttting aiid uprifinfi." rpl. cxxxix. 2. DO'VvNWARD, or DOWNWARDS, Aov. [rian ivesrd, Sax. from duna, Sax. and ni'tard, Sax. j twW«rds the csnter, or towards the ground ; from a higher to a lower fitua- tion. in a courle of luccellion from father to fon, &"<:. applied 10 del'cent or genealogy. DO'WNWARD, Adj. moving from a higher to a lower lituition j declining, bend- ing, or doping towards the ground. DO'WNV, Aej. covered with foft and fliort feathers, or with snap ; made of Ibit tezthers or down j foft ; tencer ; foothing. " Shalce ©ft' this dcivny fleep." Sbak. DOXG'LOGY, S. [from h^a, glory, and >:y'^, Gr. a fpeech or cxpiefhonj a fhori verfc or fentence including pr-ife and thankfgiving to God ; fuch as " G'cry be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Gboji." This was called the gteater dsxology, and received its latter nam: from its beginning with the world is^a, which lit;n\fi^s ff/o'-j'. DO'XY, S. a ftrumpct, proftiture, or one who lives and beds with a man withoat being married. To DOZE, V. N. [was. Six. does, Belg. to be (lupified, or aftonifhedj to llumyer ; to be half-alleep ; to be in a ftate ot lleepinefs. Adtivdiy, to ftupify, or make dull. DO'ZEN, S. [pronounced duz.n, from dou aame, Fr.j a culicction of twelve things or perfons. DO'ZINESS, S. fleepinefs, drowfinefs ; a ftrong inclination or propcnfity to fleep. DU'ZY, Adj. inclined to fieep ; diowfy ; fl-epy. DRAB, S. [dra'he,.S,7iX. and Belg. dregsj a common proftiiuic, a loole or unchafte wo- man i a thick cloth niade of wool. DRACHM, S. [dracbiua, L.t.] an an- ticiu filvcr coin, worth about lev.a pence three farthings rterhng ; the l6th part ot an fiunce Avoirdupois weight. Among ap t''-''- taries, the Stn part of an ounce, v.eigii'ng eilherAhrec fcruplcs, or 60 grains. An an- cient Jewifh coin, having on one lidean harp, and on the leveiie a bunch of grapes, called D R A by the Jewi half a /hekel, but by the Greeks a drflcbm, DRACU'NCULUS, S. [Lat. a diminutive of draco, Lat, and implying a little dragonj a worm breeding between the flcin and the fl-lh in hot countries, and reported t8 grow to the length of Icveral yards. DRA'FFY, Adj. abounding in dregs or fediments. Fituratively, worthlefs, or only fit to be flung away. To DRAG, V. A. [dragan. Sax. draghtn, Belg.j to pull along the ground by maijj toice ; to draw along contemptuoufly, and as unworthy anj notice j to pull along with violence. N ?uteriy, to hang fo low aS to trail upon the ground. , DRAG, S. [dra-g-net. Sax.] an inHrur ment with hooks, uled to caith hold of things under water. To DRA'GGLE, V. A. to make dirty by trailing along the ground. Nculerly, to grow or become dirty, by drawing along tho ground. DRA'G.NET, S. a net which is drawn along tl^e bottom oi the water. DRA'GON, S. [Fr. dragon, Ital. draco, hit. of Jjaxiv, Gr.J a icrpenr, whether real or imaginary, fuppofed to be furnilhed with wii.'g5, and to grow to an enormous fize. Figuratively, one of a fierce and vio- lent temper. Jn Scripture, hieroglyphically applied io flgnify the ferpent or the cevil, the temper and profefled enemy of human happinels, DRA'GON's -BLOOD, S. in Pharmacy, a roGn io named from lome falfe opinion, as proccecing fiom the dragon's combating with the elephani. It 13 moiierately heavy, tiii^ile, or brittle, and in the mafs of a duiky red } out when powdered, of a bright fcailet j it has liLtle fmcll, and is of a refinoas and aliringent tafte. It is produced from no lefs than tour vegetables ot diffeient pans ot the world. DRA'GON-FLY, S. in Natural Hiftoty, a bliiih tiying inlcCt w'vh a narrow and long; boay, lutnifhed with two pair ot wings, and a (Hng at the tail. DRA'GON's,. HEAD, S. in Bot,«ny, a pLnt, wic.i a l<!biated tiower of Ohe It-al. DRA'CON-TR^E, S. in iBotany, a fpe- cies o; the p..lm-tree, common in ihc Ma- deira Ifla, (!i. DR.-iGU'ON, S. [dra-;en, Teut. to car- ryj a I'oldier, who leives both oij loot and horfeWack, To DRAIN, V. A. f.'rj/^r, Fr.] to draw oft' wa er or ftthtr fluiis gradually ; to emp- ty a ve.iel by graau ijy draw;ng cf< whjt it contains; 10 dry, by letting in Uich a pof- tur or joCtion is the liuid onufb necellarily rjn out. DRAIN, S. a channel through which waicis are graou.lly cxluui'.ed or liiawn j a' waier-ccurfe ; a Huice. DRAKE, D R A DRAKE, S. [</w^, Belg.] a wster-fowl, the male of a duck. A fmall piece ot can non, from draco, Lat. '' Two or three fhots made at ihcm by a couple of drakes.^' Clarendon, DRAKE, (Sir Francis) the Son of Ed niund Drake, an honeft failor, born near Tdviftjck, in 1545, and brought up at the cxpence and under the care oi Sir John Hawkins, his klnfman. He was one ot the Bioft diiiingai(hed naval heroes in the reign of queen Elizabeth. To recite all his great and lerviceablc alliens, would require a vo- lume rather than a paragraph in this woik ; but thofc who chufe to be fully acqiuinted with hi; worth, may ^e abundantly fatished by recurring to liis life in Dr. Cainpbi;li's Hiftory of the Britilh Admirals. Thus much we muft add, that he was a man, who ini^ht be faid to have a head to contnv.-, a heart to undertake, and a hand ready to execute what- ever promifcd glory to himfelf, and good to his country. The moft diftinguilhii.g action of his life, his voyage round the globe, gives Tis fuch a fignal inftance of courage, intrepi- dity, (agacity, and difcre;ion, as fcarce feem to have met in any one man before hin). And if we confider him as the great author oi our navigation to the Weft and Eaft-ln- dies, as one who fhewed it praifticable to ad againft the Spanijrds both by fea and Ijnd ; as the introducer of tobacco into this kingdom; as the promoter of the cheft atChaihtni, for the relief of feamen wounded in the fcr vice of ih'jir country, and of his railing the reputati.ifi oftheEn^lifh failors fo high, thjt they were fought after and employed by all nations of the 'world, we may look on him as the remote caufe of our granr^eur, and the extenfivenefs of our commerce. As fome account of his perfon and character may not be unacceptable, we add, that his ffaiure was low, but well fet, his chtft open and broad, his head very round, hi:- hair of a tine brown, his beard full and comely, nis eyes large and clear, his complexion fair, and his countenance frefti, chearful, and engaging. As navigation had been his whole ftuoy, lb he knew it throughly, and was perfect inalhr of every fcience, elpccijlly agronomy, which could render him complete in the nautic art. Though he did not poliih his fpcech by ftndy. D R A aflj in Poetry, a piece or poem compofei tor the liage, in winch fome adion is rcpre- lenied. DRAMATIC, or DRAMATICAL, Adj. reprefented by atliun, or on the flage. DRAMATICALLY, Adv after the man- ner of a poem adea on the itage j reprefen- tatively. DR A'MATJST, S. the author or compofer of a dramatic piece afted on the ftage. DRANK, the preter of Drink. DRA'PER, .S. one wiio fells either linen or woollen cloth. DR A'FER Y, S. the trade or art of making cloth ; cloth made either of linen or wool- len. In Painting or Sculpture, the repre- Idntation ol the garments or cloathing of any figure. DRASTIC, Adj. [JjariK^, from Jj:.*, Gr. to aft or wotkj poiffeifui, vigorous, efficacious. In Medicine, a remedy which works Toon, or with fpeed. DR.'iUGH, S. [pronounced and corruptly written d>aff'] refule ; ("will ; a fcum of a pot j pot liquor, or the liquor given to hogs. '* Still fwine eat all the Jraa^A."" Sha<;. DRAUGHT, S. [fro.Ti drah, dra^bt, Belg.J the aft of drinking \ a quantity of liquor drank at once : liquor drank, for plea- luie} that which is fie for a perfon to d.ink ; ihe adion of movijig or dragging carriages. "Oxen for all forts of diaughc." 7eji:pk. The quality of being drawn or moved by r'uUing, " The Herlfurdihire wneel-plongh -s the bed, and 01 the eaficft draught." Tne cpicieniation ofa perfon or thing by paintine, A (Iic;cn or plan of fome building or pidure} a picture. In Filhi')g, the ad of catching hlh O'j a drag-net. The ad of drawing or ihootiiig a bow. In War, forces drawn olF 'torn tile main army ; a li'ik or drain. " Ii caft into the draugk'." hlut. xv. 17. The depth wliich a veliol fiuks into the water. In Commerce, a tjill draivn by ^ne perfon an. another for money. In the plural, a game played on a chequered table, with round pieces of box and eb ;ny. To DRAW, V. A. [preter, 3rtw\ parri- c;p. pall, draion^ dragan. Sax. draper, Dan.j to pull along upon ih= g'ounj from on«i place to another j to pull up, or raife from a deep place ; to aitrad \ 10 draw towards itfelt. yetit was ftrong. nervous, concife; and though ^'o bie.ithe, or inhale, applied to air. To not diiTufe, eloquent and captivating J and to | take from a conclude his ciiarader with the v;ords cl Fuller, *' He was a religious man towards God and his houles, where he came; challo in hi« life, juft m his dolings, true oi bis word, and merciful 10 thofe who were under him, hating nothing fo much as ii-lener";. DRAM, S. a fmall quantity. " "Ha dram of juogment." /)ry, iJuch a quantiiy of di.'tiUed or fpirituous liquors, as is uliially drank at once ; fpirituous lie jors a calk or vcfljl j to pull out of the fcatbirdj to unHieath j to tjke bread out of an even. To unclolc, if clofe before, iiut to cJofe tDgether, if opm, applied to cur- tains. In PaintiHt;. ''> repri:.''ent the likc- ncis of auy perfon or ihing, I'itt.cr by a pen- cil, pen, ur colours ; to imrly, infer, or iii- irudace a confe.iucncc. In Cookery, to dlf- embowel j to take out the Luts of poultry ; toeniicej to feducc, t<) inveigle; to prevail on by fonctnefs. In Commerce, to addrcfs DRA'MA, S. m^i>.:>, from ^i-i), Or. lo a bill for a fum cf money to a'perfon. In I Military D R E D R E Military Affjits, to detach or feparate from . who lives in continual fear or apprehenfion o£ the main body; to prepare for a£lion ; lo I lome danger. range in battle array. 7o drazv up, to ^orm DRE'ADFUL, Adj. caufing erceflive fear j in writing ; to compofe. To contradl or fTirinU. frightful. " £>r<iw into lefs room," Bac. To take a DRE'ADFULLY, Adv. in fuch a manner csrd out of a pack, or a lot from a number as to caufe fear or terror. of others ; to rtiakc a fore run, or difchargc j DRE'ADFULNESS, S. that quality which matter, Ta dra-w back, to retreat or retire j caufes excefTive fear or terror. to retrafta defign, or decline an undertikine. I DRE'ADLESS, Adj, void of fear 3 un- To draiu off, to decline an engagement, or jn,ike A retreat. DRAW, S. the aft of drawing; the lot or change taken or drawn. DRA'WBACK, S. money paid back or abated for ready payment. Figuratively, a deduftion, or diminution of the value or qua- lities of a thing. In Commerce, certain duties eii her of thecuftoms orexcife, allowed »)pon the expoitation of Tome of our own ma- nutaflures, or on certain foreign merchandi- zes, that have p»id a duty on importation. DRA'WBRIDGE, S. a bridge moving on hinges, and, by means of chains, lifted up or let down at plealure, in order to pieferve, or dcftroy the communication between two places, Of a country and lome fort. DRA'WER, S. ap^ilied to perfons, one em- ployed in fetching water from a well, or cock. Jn public houfes, one who draws liquors from cafks ; one who forms the refemblance ot a pcrloii on paper or canvas, with a pen, pencil, daunted. DRE'ADLESSNESS, S. a difpofition of mind that is void of fear; intrepidity, uti- dauntednefs. DREAM, S. [pronounced dreme, from drocim, Belg.j the images which appear to the mind during lltep. Figuratively, a chi- mera ; a groundlefs tancy, or conceit, which has no exiftence but in the imagination. To DREAM, V. N. to have ideas in the mind, while the outward fenfes are flopped during fleep, which are neither fuiigettcd by any extetnal objedl or knawn occafion, nor are under the rule of the underftanding ; to think, to imagine, to fancy, without reafon, Aflively, to perceive during fleep. DRE'AMER, S. one who perceives things during deep, without the fuggeftion of ex- ternal objedts; a perfon fond of conceits j a fanciful man. DRE'AMLESS, Adj. without dreams. DREAR, Adj. [dreering, Sax. uAeafyJ af- or brufli. Applied to things, that which hai [ fefting with melancholy ; mournful, the power of attradling towards itfelf. ln\ DRE'ARY, Adj. [dreorig, Sax.] full of Surgery, that which difcharges humours. Morrow, or mournful, applied to perfons. A box which Aides in a groove or cafe. In Gloomy, difmal, or afFedling with melan- the plural, that part of drcfs which covers the thighs and pofteriors, generally made of linen, and made to fit very clofe. DR A'WING, S. the ad of taking or form- ing the likenefs of a thing or perfon with a pen or pencil ; a pidlure drawn or formed with a pen or pencil DRA'VVING-ROOM, S. a room to which company retire after entertainment ; a room fet aparc for the reception of company at court. Figuratively, the perfons or company affem- blcd VI a draiving-room. DRAWN, participle pafT. from Draw. DR.VVV.WELL, S. a well out of which choly, applied to places. DREDGE, S. a thick ftrong net, faftened to the three ipills of iron, and drawn at a boat's flern, gathering whatever it meets with at the bottom of the water, ufed for catching oyders, and is a fpecies of drag-net. To DREDGE, V. A. to 6/h with a dredge. In Cookery, to drew flour over meat while roafting. DRE'DGER, S. one who fi/hes with a dredge ; a box with fmall holes at the top, ufed lor (trewing flour on meat when roafling. DRE'GGINESS, S. fullnefs of lees or dregs. Foulnefs, applied 10 liquor ; abound* Vater is raifed by means of a bucket and ropr,. ing with a ropy fubftance, or fediment. To DRAWL, V. N. to pronounce ones words with a fl ivv ''ifagieeable whine. DRAY, orDRA'V-CART, S. a low cart, ufttd by hrewets to convey Uieir beer. DRA'V-M.AN, S. one who drives a dray. DRA'y-FLOUGH, S. a plough refem- bling a dray. DREAD, S. f pronounced dred -, from drad, Sax. J terror or fear, the fenfation occafioned by the fit;ht of fome terrible or dangerous objed 5 awful or venerable in the highell degree. To DREAD, V. N. [dradan, Sax.] to fear to an eXce/Tive degree DRE'AUER, S. [from (/^fai and ^r] one ( violence DREG'GISH, Adj. abounding with lees or feoiment. DREG'GY, Adj. muddy ; foul ; full of feciment. DREGS, S. [it has no Angular, from difflen, Sax. d>^ogg, fing. dregg'ias, plur. Ifland.J the bottom, lee:, or foul part of any liquor. Figuratively, the rcfufe, fweeping, or worth- Ids part of any thing ; the drols or meaneft pait of a people. To DRENCH, V, A. [drencayi. Sax. to drink | to foak or bathe ; to plunge all over in fume liquor ; to wsfli 5 to fleep; to moiflen ; or make very wet ; to adminiC.er phyfic by DRENCH, D U I DRENCH, S. a draught, or Twill, uCei by way of contempt ; a potion or drink pre- pared of feveral phyfical ingredients for a fick horfe ; phyfic which muft be given by force. " Their councils are moft like a drench that muft be poured down." f^'"g Charles. DRE'NCHER, S. one who dips, or foaks any thing j one who adminifters phyfic by force. To DRESS, V. A. [drejer, Fr.] to put on cloaihs j to adorn, deck, or fet out with cloaths. Figuratively, tocluath, or reprefent in a favourable light. In Surgery, to apply a plaller or other remedy to a wound. To curry or rub, applied to horfes. To trim, applied to lamps. To prepare viifluals fit for eating, applied to cookery. To curl, to comb out, or otherwife adorn hair or perukes. DRESS, S, that which a perfon wears to cover his body from the inclemency of the weather J cloaths, or fplenriid attire; the Ikill in adjurting, or tafte in chufing and wearing cloaths. DRE'SSER, S. one employed in putting on a perfon's cloaihs; a broad and long kind ol a table or flielf in a kitchen, ufed to prepare vifluals. DRE'SSING, S. in Surgery, the plafler, or other remedy, applied to a fore. DREST, participle of Dress. To DRl'BBLE, V. N. [by fucrefTive al- teration from drip, of dripan, Sax- d'yp, If], prefer draupa, dripper, Dan. J to fall in drops. To let the fpittle fall from one's mouth ; to flaver like an infant or an idiot. Adtively, to throw -down or fcatter in drops. DRI'BBELET, S. a ImaJl fum of money. DRIVER, S. in medicine, that which has the quality of ablorbing moifture. DRIFT, S. the force which impels or drives a perfon, or thing ; a raft, or any thing driven at random, or iij a body ; a ftra- tum, layer, or covering of any matter blown together by the wind. A fmyiv drift, i.e. a deep body of Inow. The tend sncy or particu- lar defign of an action j the fcpe or tenor of a difcourfc. To DRIFT, V. A. to .Jrive, or force along ; to throw together on heaps ; to a mafs. To DRIL, V. A. [dri/len, Belg. thirlien, Sax. Irom thur, Sax. throughj to mafte a hole with an auger, gimlet, or drilll; to bore; to drain or make its palTage thro; igh fmall holes or interftices. DRILL, S. [from the ve rb] an inftru- ment ufed to bore holes in \*ood, iron, or brafs ; an ape or baboon, " A changeling and a drill. ^ Lochc. A I'mall ilripping; flream *' Springs through the pleafant meadows pour thiir drills" Sandys. To DRINK, V. N. fpreter drank, or drunk; participle paflive, drurJ :, or drunken ; from driggkan, Goth.j to fv< allow liquors. Figuratively, to fwallow an imr joderate quan- tity of liquors. To drink to, to 1 jlute in drink- D R O tig ; to wifh well to in drinking. Figuratively, to fill k up or abforb. DRINK, S. liqi.or to be fwallowed, op- fed to meat or folid food ; any particular kind of liquor. DRIN'KAPLE, Adj. that which may be drank, DRFNKER, S. one who is fond of fwal- lowing quantities of intoxicating liquors. DRl'NK-MONEY, S. money given t» regale a peifon with, by purchafing liquors. To DRIP, V. N. [drippen, Belg. See DRIBBLEJ to fall in drops. To let fall in drops, applied to the fat which falls from meat, while ro.fting, Adively, to let fall in diops ; to drop as fat in roafting, DRIP, S. that which falls in drops. DRI'PPING, S. the fat which drops from ment while roafting, called likewife kitchen- rtuff. To DRIVE, V. A. [preter, dro-ve, par- tictp. pad. driwn or dro-ue ; dreiban, Goth. dnfan, Sax,] to make a perfon or thing move by violence ; to fend to any place by force • to convey animals, or make them walk frorn one place to another ; to compel ; to enforce or pufh home a proof or argument, 7c dri-vt trade, to carry it on. To condud a carriage. To let dri-je at, to intend ; to mean ; to endea- vour to accompli/h ; to aim or ftrike at with fury. " Four rogues in buckram let dn-ve at me." Shak. ToDRl'VEL, V. N. [a corruption from drtbbk\ to let the fpittle fall out of one's mouth, like an infant or an idiot. DRi'VEL, S. flaver, fpittle, or molfture dropped from the mouth. DRl'VELLER, S, a fool or idiot, fo call- ed from their letting the flaver drop from their mouth"-. DRI'VELLING, Pariicip. doating ; weak in the underllanding ; foolifli, DKI'VER, S. the perfon or thing which communxatcs inoiion by force ; one who guides and conveys beads from one place to 3noti)er ; one who manages and guides the cattle which draw any carriage. To DRPZZLE, V. A. {drijdcn, Teut, to rtied dew] to fhed in haali drops, or a wet mift, like dew. Neuterly, to let fall in fmall flov.' dropc, DR1'Z.ZLY, Adj. defcending in fmall, flow drops; delcending in a mift; refemMing a mift, or moifi vapour, DROLE, Adj. \dr,k, Fr.] comical; ex- citing laughter. DROLE, or DROLL, S. \droUr, Fr.] a perfon whofe bufiiiefs and employ it is to raife miith by antic geftures, or comical jefte ; a tnerry-andrew.or jack-pudding; af«rce, comr pofcd to e.tcite laughter. To DROLL, V. N. to play the buToon. DROLLERY, S. jeft, ridicule ; or an en, deavour to make a thing the objedl of mirth, ridicule, o< laughter, DRO'ME- D R O . DRO'MEDARY, S. [dromedain, Fr. drorr.eiUro, Ital. from S'f(i,w®', Gr. a courfe or race, on account of its iwiftnefsj in Natural Hiftory, a loit of camel faid to travel ico miles a day. It is fmallcr, flenderer, and nimbler than the common camel, having cither one or two haiiy excrcfcences on back, aiul is capable of gieat fatigue. Jt's hair is loft and ftiott ; it has no fang? or fore- teeih, nor horn on its feet ; which are co vered with a fiefiiy fkin ; it is sbout fcven feet and an half high from the groun i to the top «f its head. DRONE, S. the male b:e, which hatche tl«e young, makes no honey, has no ftii>g, and is driven from the hive v.'hen the hatching time is over. Figuratively, an inaflive, ufe- leff, or flu^gifti perfon. In MuHc, the deep t>r holding key-note of a bag pipe. To DRONE, V.N. to live an inaflive, ofclels and dull life, like that of a dror.e, *' A long rcHive race of dronirg kings." Dryd. DRO'NISH, Adj. like a dror.e; ufelefs j fluggifh, and inactive. lo DROOi', V. A. [drcef, Be!g. forrow] to languitTi with forrow ; to hang down the head with forrow. Figuratively, to grow faint, weak, or difpirited J to fink ; to lean down- wards j to decline, heautifullv aojilicd by Mil- ton. " Till day droops.^' Par. Lcji. DROP, S. [drojpa, Sax.J a imall por- tion or particle of water or other fluid in a fpherical form j as much liquor as falls at j.nce, when there is not a contii.ued flream ; a diamond hanging loofe fiom the ear, fo call- ed from its rcfcmbling the form of a drop of any fluid in its del'cent. Drops, the plural, in A!chite<Sture, are ornaments in the Doric entablatute, reprefenting drops, or little bells, immediately unoer the triglyphos. In Phy- fic, any fpiricuous medicine to be taken in ilrops. DRO'P-SERENE, S. \guttaferera, La:.] in Fhyfif, a difeafe of the eye, confifting ol tn entire lofs of fight, without any apparent fault or difcrder of the part. It is fuupol'ed to arife from a comprtfliun or obflruftion of the optic nerves, pieventing the due flux of the anim:il fpirits iiito the retina. To DROP, V. A. [droppan, Sax.] to pour in Imall rcund particles ; to let fall ; to telgo; to let a thing fall from the hand : to utter fligntly, or without caution ; to in fttt or introduce by way of difgrelTion ; to intermit, ceafe, or dtclinej to lofe in iis prugrefs ; to bedrop cr fpeckle. " Their wav'd coats drcpp'd with gold." Milt. Neu- tffrly, to (all in leparate particles of a roundifh ■form ; to let drops fall j to confunie in cfrep? j to fall or come fiom a higher to a lower fituation ; to fall without violence j to fall Aidder.ly, To drop in, to come unexpefted- Iv by. " He drops in when he ifainks you are iuft featcj." D R U [ DROF'PING, S. any liquor wrhich has fallen tn drops. DR O'P-SrONE, S, a ?{.ar formed into the fhape of a drop. DRO'P-WORT, S. in Botany, a pbnt which has various fpecies. DRO'PSIED, Pait. affefled with a dropfy. DRO'PSy, S. fantiently *iioXt hydro pi fyy whence drcpijy, or d'epfy ; frcnn hydrOpifit, Fr, bydrcplftj, lial. hydrt^ps, Lit.] in Phyfic, a prfttrnatiiral coUeftion or extravafation of aqueous fcrum or water in any part of the body, which greatly diftends the veffels, is at- tended with a weaknefs of digeftion, and a continual thirft. DROSS, S. the wafte, fcum, fediment, or grofs parts of any meia) ; the c ruft or rufl of a metal. Figuratively, the reful'e, or moft worihlefs part of any thing. DRO'SSiNESS, S. the impurity of metals; foulne s ; ruft. DRO'SSY, Adj. full of impurities, foul- nefs, or impure particles. Figuratively, as worthlefs as drof;'. DROVE, S, a number of cattle under the guidaace of one or more perfons ; any col- lc<ftion of animals. Figuratively, a great crowd or multitude. DRO'VER, S. one who fats cattle for (i\e, and fer d^ them to market. DROUGHT, S. [drcoght, Belg. third, drugod, Sax. droivth, Scot.] applied to the weather, dry weath-r, want t)f rain ; tbirft, or grfat want or c'.efue of drink. DROU'GHTINESS, S. the date of a foil hich wants rain ; the ftate of a peifou affetfl- ed wiih thi'ft, or in want of drink, DROU'GHTY, Adj. wanting rain; parch- ed with heat ; thirfty or wanting drink. To DROWN, V. A. [drurden, below, according to Skinner, drunenian, Sax. to be diunk, according to Lye ; perhaps from dryn- (an. Six. to drink] to plunge and fuffocate under water ; to plunge or overwhelm in water; to overflow, or cover with water. Fi- gurativcly, tt) immerge, plunge in, or over- whelm with any thing j to die, or be fuflb- caied under the water. To DROWSE, V. A. [dro^jen, Belg.] fo make heavy wiith, or ftiongly inclined to fleeo. DROW'SINESS, S. a ftrong propenfity and inclination to fleep. Figuratively, floth- lulnel's, or \ni£iWny. DROWSY, Adj. ftrongly inclined to deep J heavy with fleep. Figuratively, caufing fleep j aull or (lupid. To DRUB, V, A. \_druber, Dan. to kill] to beat founily with a flick ; to threfh, thump, or cudi^el. " I fhould have been drub- t-ed.^' Locke. A word of contempt. DRUB, S. a thump, knock, or blow ; a found beating. To DRUDGE, V. A. [drecan. Sax. to vex, drjghin, Belg. to carry a burthenj to work hard D R U hard at mean and fervilc employments ; to DRUDGE, S. one employed in mean, hard, and fatiguing labour j a mere ilave. DRU'DGER, S, a mean labourer ; a box with holes on the top, from whence flour is caft or Tcittfred on meat while roaliing. DRU'DGER Y, S. low, mean, ftrvile, hard, and fatiguing labour. DRU'DGINGLY, Adv. in a laborious, fatiguing and to^lfome manner. DRUG, S. idregue, ¥u drova, Perf. an odour] an ingredient ufed in phyfic or dying. Figuratively, any thing ot a fmall or no v.ilue : th:s fenfe may probably be owing to a coirup- tion ot' drig. To DRUG, V. A. to miji with phyfical ingredients ; to taint with fumething difjgrae- able. DRU'CGERMAN, S. [dngueman, Fr. toromamo, Ital. torgeman, Atab. an incerpre- terj in Commerce, a name given in the Levant to the interpreteis kept by the ambaii'adors o/' ihe Chiiftian nations, refiding at the Porte, to afiift them in their treaties. DRU'GGET. S. in Commerce, a fort of thin fluff, fcmetimes all wool, /b-metimeshalf wool, half thread, an^ fonietimes corded, but ufually plain, and woven on a svorfled chain. DRU'GGIST, S. dror,ghifl, Belg.] one who fells (ihyfical ingredients by wliolcfals. ♦, DRU'JD, S. [dcrio, oaks, and kud, incan- tatinn ; dur'tab, oak, Erfe, dry. Sax. a magi- cian drud, Brit, oakj the ptie;)s and mini- sters of lelig'on amongft the Britons, Celtic Cau!s, and Germans. They were in Britain the fiift and moft diftinguijhed order \n the ifland, chofen out of the beft f^-Tiilies, and the hcnouif of ihcir birth, added to ihofe ot their fundtion, procured them (lie highelt ve- neration. They w^re verfed in aftronomy, geometry, natural philofophy, politics, ant geography ; had the adiTiin^ihation of all facred thing?, were the interp.eters of the gods, and fuprcnic j^id^es in all caues, whe- ther ecclcfuHical or civil. From their deter mination was no appeal, and whoever retufed to acquiefce in their decjfions, wap reckoned impious, .ind excommunicated. They were generlly governed by a fingte pet/on, cal.ed an Arch-d'uid, who pielidcd in all their aflemblies. Once a year they ulcd to retire, or rather alftmiile, in d wood, in the center ot the illmd, at which time they uled to recc.v^ apoluatioiis from all parts, and hear caufcs. 'I'iieir p'.'Ciiliar opinions are not well afcertained by wri-ers, though it is agreed by all, that they hell the iminor',..lity of the foul, aad i:s tran;m:gration ; th.it nothing cnuld appcafe the gojs more power'u'ly than human fatrilites, and that there was one fupreme D,;ity, wh) prcfided ovtr all others. ,,;,' DRUM, S. [tronmie, Dan. drummt;, EifeJ ,ft warlike inftrument made of thin pie:cs o oak, bent in a cylindrical Iwrm, coveicJ at DRY each end with vellum, or parchjnent, whicH flretchcs by means of br.ices running from one extremity to the other ; and madi te lound by beating one of the ends with flitks generally made of brafil wood. Kettle Drum, is ihat whofe body is made of brafs or copper, in the form of a kettle, and covered at top with parchment like the tommon one. The drum of tbt ear, is a fmall membrane in the inner part of that organ, which is (o fl:retched as to convey the fenfation of found, by the vibration svhich founding bodies caufc upon it. To DRUM, V. N. to beat a march, 6fr. on a drum with a ftick. To beat or vibrate, applied to the motion of the heart. DRU'M-FISH, S. in Natural Hlflory, a round k{h, which comei from Virginia. DRUM MAJOR, S. the chief drummer of a regiinent. DRU'MMER, S. one who heats a drum. DRUNK, Adj. [from Drh:k\ intoxicated, or deprived of the ule of the iinderftanding by immoderate drinking. Figuratively, foakeJ; beautifully applied to inanimifte things. "" I will make mine arrows drunk v\ith blood." Deut. xxix. 6. DRU'NKARD, S. one given to the ex- ceflive ufe of flrong liquors. DR.U'NK.£N, Part, [from drink] intoxicat- ed with liquor ; given to habitual drunken- nefs j frequently intoxicated with liquur. DRU'NKENLY, Adv. after the mannex of one intoxicated with ftrong liquors. DRU'NKENNESS, S. in Med cine, a preternatural compreflion of the btain, and a difcompofute of its fibres, occifioned by the fumes ot fpirituous parts of liquors, where- by perlons imagine every thing turns round, cannot dilcern things well at a difta.nce, and thwfe things which are at a diitance they either fee out of their place, or double. To this muft be added, an entire lofs of under- rtanding, a voice faltering, and fcarc: arti- culate J and an incapacity to walk, and all the figns of a temporary madnefs. Habitual or frequent intoxicat.on from an immoderate ule ot Ipirituous or ftrong liquors. Figura- tively, an intoxication, or diforder of the mind. DRY, Ailj. [drldge, Sax. drogh, Belg.] hard or without wet or moiflur^. Without rain, applied to the feafons. Thirfty, or athiilt foi want of drink ; jejun-.-, barren, plain. To DRY, V. A. to tiee from, or exhale moifture or wet ; to wipe away moifliite, ul'ed with up y to drain, or drink up. " D'y'd an immcaliiiable tiowl." DRY'-EYED. Adj. without tears ; with- out having the eyes moiftiined with teais. Di<.V"LY, A^tv. witiiout moiflure. Figu- ratively, in a cold, or jndilFerent manner. Wuh great, rclerve, .ipplitd to tieatuienl or behaviour j in a farcaOical or ironical maunei. Without any embelliliim^nt, appliel ■<> flile. DRY'NESS, DUB DRVNESS, S. want of moifture ; want of rain ; wsnt of juice. Figuratively, want of embelliftiment, applied to ftile, or let dil"- courfcs. DRY'SHOD, Adj. without wetting the feet ; without treading in the water aLove the flioes. DRY'-NURSE, S. one who brings up a child without fucking. To URY'-NURSE, V. A. to bring up an infant without fucking. DU'AL, S. {dualh, Lat.] expreffing or in- cluding only two. In the Hebrew, or Greek language, a vaiiation of a noun which only fignifies twOy a diflin£1ion which the modern lar.uages feem deficient in. To DUB, V. A. [dubban, so dirare. Sax. ttdduba, Ital. riddsra, HI. to dub a knight. jidduba, in its primary fignification, imphcs to ftrike, knights being made by a blow given with a fwordj to create or make a tr.an a knight ; to confer any title, or dignity. DUB, S. a blow, or knock. " With Ly- dian or with Phrygian dubs."" Hud'ib. DU'BIOUS, Adj. [dub'ius, L.t.] not fet- tled in an opinion, applied to perlons. Not fully proved, or that which has equal proba- bility on either fide, applied to opinions. DU'BIOUSLV, Adv. in fuch a manner as will admit of dif.erent fenfes. DU'BIOUSNESS, S. uncertainty. DU'BITABLE, Adj. that which may be guedinned or doubted j that which a perfon inay decline afTcnting to. DUBITA'TION, S. [du'itaUo,Lii.'\\.ht aft of doubting, or quefiiuning the truth of a thing. It is defined by Grew a negative per- ception, i. e. the perception that what a perfon fees, is not that which he would fee. DUBLIN, S. [by the Saxons called Duf'ir., by the Welih Di'as dulin, and in the irith language, Ballackigb, " /. e. fays the author of the Syflem, a town upon hurdles, on which the people think the city is founded, the ground being folt and quaggy." But the original words fignify a walled town, parti- cularly raifed wiih ftones] its fitustion is delightful and fjlubrious, having hills on the S. plains on the W. the Liffy, a navigabk river, running through it to Dublin-haven into the fea, hard by, on the E. The number of its inhabitants fome compute at aoo.coo at Icaft ; others at 300,000 : It was fu:i the former nu.-nber in king Charles ITs time ; and the latter calculations cannot be any exaggeration, the inhabitants having muhi- plied greatly fince, and the buildings increaf- ing every day. This is the mart and center of commerce for the whole kingdom, with exception to fuch ports only as are eT.inmi for this or that particular branch. A bar at the mouth of the Lift'y renders its harbour very uncommodious ; fo that fhips of any confiderable burthen date not venture in, nor Due the quay, being obliged to lie three miles below the bar, and deliver their goods by lighters. At ebb the haven falls dry, both above and below Ringfend, except at two creeks, one on the N. and the oiher on the S. fide, wliere at low water is nine or ten feet depth : alio on the N. fide of the Hoath, a promontory forming the N. point of the bay, there is a very convenient road for large (hips, nejr an ifland, called Ireland's Eye ; fo that vellels have a fecure retreat unlets in violent S. W. w'.ndj, which often drive them from their anchors out to fea. The city is fup- plied with coals from. Whitehaven in Cum- berland, and Swanfey in Waks, 200 fjil of colliers being in the road at a tisne. In Dub- blin is a flomifhlng univerfity, w th Coo flu- dents ; and it is tl.e fee of an archbifliop, with a ftately cathedral, dedicated to St. I\trick j of which the famous Dr. Jonathan Swift was once dean ; alfo a handfome palace, called St, Sepulchre. Here are not lefs than thirteen parochial churches ; but the lord lieutenant, and lords juflices, go in ffate to Chrift's- church. As this city is the feat of govern- ment, the lord lieutenant (a kind of viceroy lent from England, generally a man of the firll quality, and changed every three years) refides in the caflle while he ftays in the kingdom. Here are alfo held courts of juftice and public offices ; befides a guildhall, tholfel, and cuftom-houfe. Dublin had fix gates, and a large ftone-bridge over the Lifi'y, with four, fmaller. Its two principal fuburbs are St« Thomas and Ouftmantoun, or Oxmaniown. Dublin is governed by a lord-mayor and aloer- men, and has twenty-tour corporations or trad- ing companies in it. Here are fevcral cha- ritable foundations ; as the blue coat hofpital, the royal hofpital of Kihnainham, a work- houfe, Dr. Steven's hofpital, M.rcer's cha- ritable hofpital, and the chaiitable infirmary. In 1649, colonel Jones, one of the parlia- mentary commanders, defeated tke duke of Ormond at Rathmcms, near Dublin. In the College -green is an equef.nan ftatue of king William 111. in memory of the viflory of theBoyne, on July I, 1690. The Ciflle is but an inconliderhble fcrtrels. Dublin lies 64 miles W, of Holy-head, in Wales, and 26S N. W. of London. Lat. 55 deg. li min, N. Ion-. 6 drg. 55 min. W. DU'CAL, .'\oj. [Iiom duke} belonging to a duke. DU'CAT, S. [fo called becaufe ftruck in the dominions of a duke] a foreign coin, cur- rent on the continent, when of (liver, valued at four fhillings and fx-pence, but when of gold, at nine (hillings and fix-pcnce. DUCATO'ON, S. a foreign coin, ftruck chiefly in Italy, when of filver, valued at four fhillings and eight-pence fferling ; and in gold, which is current in Holland, is worth about one pound nineteen fniUings, and two- when in the haven, can they come to "pence DUCK, T>Vt OUCK, S. [ducben, to dip] a witer-fowl, both wild and tame. Figuratively, uCe4 as a word ot grest fondnefs and endearment. •' My dainty duck." Shak. A fudden bend- ing down, or declining of the head j a ftone thrown fo obliquely on the water, as to re- bound again fcveral times on its furface. To DUCK, V. N. to plunge one's head, or dive under water j to drop down one's head ; to bow low ; to cringe ; from duyk, or juyi, Scot, and Belg. to make obeifance. " The learned pate — d:tch to the poldeii fool." Si>ai. To plunge a perfon under v.a- ter by way of punifiiment. DU'CKING-STOOL, S. a chair in which women are plunge-^ under wate; for ftoldihg. DU'CK-LLGGEO, Adj. having legs like a i/a.'ij having ihort legs. DU'CKLING, S. a young duck. DUCK MEAT, S. in Botany, a plant growing commonly upon ftanJing waters. DU'CKL'S-FOO'T, S. fin Latin fodofhyl Ivm, or anaJofsdophylluni] in Botany, tha bud ot the flower is inclofed in a large three- leaved coloured empale.Ticnt, in the forrn of a fpatha, or fheath. Linnxus rsnges it in the firfl: fcdlion of his thirteenth clafs. DUCK'-WEED, S. in Botany, the faipe as duck treat. DUCT, S. [daSus, Lat.] guidance or di- reftion. •' To follow the <^</<f? of the ftars." Hammcr.d. In Anatomy, any canal or tube in an animal body, through which the hu- mours or fluids are conveyed. DU'CTILE, S. [duclihs, Lat.] eafy to be bent J eafy to be drawn out in length. Train- able, complying, or yielding, applied to the mind. DU'CTILENESS, S. the quality of being drawn out in lengih. DUCTI'LITY, S. in Phyfics, a property of certain bodies, whereby iliey bc:onie capa- ble of being prpd'ed, beaten, firctched, or drawn out to a great length, without break- ing. Tratlablenefs, compliance, a^ipljed to the mind, or to pcnons. DU'DGEON, S. [d^lch, BJg, dagen, da- gen, Teut. a fv.ord] a fmall dagger. " On the blade of thy dudFeen,''' Shjk. Quarrel, ill-will, malice, jars, or commotions ; from dolg. Sax. a wound. " When civil dudgeon firft grew high." Hudib. DUE, [the particle of oiue, du, Fr.] thst which a perfon has a right to demand as a debt, as ftipuldted in a compa£> or otherwife j that which a perfon ought to pay, or which a thing might lay claim lo. " A due fenfe of the vanity of earthly expeftulions." AUcrb. DUE, Adv. among failors, dircdly, exaft- ly, without turning afide. DUE, S. th.U which belongs to, or may be claimed by a perfon j right j jull title to a thinj;. In the plural, cuflom, or taxes, DU'EL, S. [duellum, Lat.J a combat be- tween two perfons. D U L To DU'EL, V. N. to'fight in fingle corri» I)2t. Artively, to attack or fight with fingly. DU'ELLER, S. one who engages another in fingle combat. DUE'NNA, S. [Span.] an old woman, kept as a domeftic in Spain, in order to pry into the aflions, or to take care of the con- duft of a young lady. DUG, S. [do'ye, Dalm. doglily, Boh. Jeg- ia, Ifl, to give luck] a pap, nipple, or teat, generally applied to that of a bead ; and to that of a human creature only by way of reproacb or contempt ; though formerly it was applied to a human creature in a good fenfe. DUG, the prefer of Dig. DUKE, S. [due, Tr.duca, Ital. ^«.v, Lit. J in toreign countries, a fovereign pcince with- out the title or quality of a king. Among us, it is the next title or honour to the prince. At fiifl; it was a name of ofnre, not of ho- nour, and given to thofe who were appoin'ed to guard the frontiers. Jt began to be a mere honor^try title under Otho the Great, about the year 970. In England, none ht-!d th's title till Edward UL created Edward his foil duke of Ccrnwali, Froxn that time many others have been created, whofe titles are he- reditary, and conferred by patent 5 they retain a coronet on the:: efcutcheon, the only marie o<»their fovereignty ; their eldcft I'ons are, bjr the rourtefy of England, ftiled marquifes, and their youngeft lords, with the edciition of their chriftian names, as Lord George, Lord Robert, &c. and take place of vifcounis, though nut fo privileged by the laws of the land. DU'KEDOM, S. the dominion of a duke. DU'LBRAINED, Adj. flew of apprehen- fion j ilupid ; wanting fagacity. DU'LCET, Adj. [d:ikh, Lat.] fwest ta the taft'.' 5 agrcf able to the ear. DU'LCIFICATION. S. in Pharmacy, the fwcetening or rendering infipid any mattef impregnated with faits, by wafliing it o.'"ten ijl water ; the adt of rendering any thing, which is acid, fsvcet, by mixing it with fugar. To DU'LCIFY, V. A. [dukiflcr, Fr.J to fweeten j to free from falts, lourncfs, or acri- mony of any fort. DULCI'MER, S. [Hukwiello, Ital.] a mu- fical inftrument, flrung with wires, refem- blinga harpficord, and played on with i:onor brafs pins. To DU'LCORATE, V. A, [dJds, Lat.] fwe'jt, to fweeten j to make lefs acrimonious, DU'LCORATION, S. the aft of fweeten- ing. DU'LHEAD, S. a perfon who wants ap- prehenfion or fagacity ; a blockhead. DULL, S. [^d-wl, Brit, dalt, Sjx. dol, Belg. mad] flow ot apprehenfion, applied to the underfl:anding. Blunt, applied to the edgo of any inftrument. Not quick, or not eifily perceiving objefts, applied to the fenfes. Slow, applied to motion. Not bright, or wanting vigour. Drowfy, flecpy, 9r melancholy. A a "Xix DUN To DULL, V. A. to blunt the end of an jnftrument ; lo fully the brightnefs of fome fnining body ; to make a perfon fad or me- hficholy J to damp vigour j to flop or retard motion. DU'LLARD, S. [from </«.'/ pnd aerd, Teut. nature] a perfon of flow apprchenfion 5 a blockhead. DU'LLY, Adv. in a flupid, or foolifh manner ; in a flow, fluggi/h, or melancholy manner. DU'LNT.GS, S. weakncfs ofunderf^andi.-g ; flownefs of apprchenfion ; drowfinefs, or ftiong prope.'ifry to flcep. Dimnefs, or want of iuftre, applied to the change made in a fljining body. Bluntnefs, or want of edge, applied to inftrumcnts. DUrLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as a thing or perfon might claim j properly ; fitly \ re- gu'arly ; punftually, " Duly fent his family and wife." Popi, DUMB, Adj. [pronounced dtim ; from dumb!,Gor.\\. dumbe, Sax. dum, Dan. and Teut. dom, Bflg- dull, he was filent] mute: not able to fpeak i deprived of fpeech } not ufmg vvorris ; refnfing to fpeak. DU'MBLY, Adj. mutely ; filently ; with- out fpeak'ng. DU'MBNESS, S. incapacity of fpeaking; forHe<irance ; fiknce. To DU'MBFOUND, V. A. foconfuff a perfon fo as to render him unable to fpeak. " They had like to have dumbfounded the juftice." SpeSiator, No. 616. DUMP, S. {dom. Belg. ftupid] fullen and filent forrow ; rrci ncholy j abfencc of mind ; a piece of leaden coin or metal, with which children pmnfe themfelves. DU'MPISH, Adj.fad ; filently and fullen ly forrowful ; mebncholy. DU'MPLING, S. [fron? dump, heavinefs] a kind oi fmall and coarfe pudding, DUN, i{\dj. [Sax. of dun, Brit.j a colour partaking of a mixture of brown and black j dark ; gloomy. To DUN, V. A. [dunan, Sax. dunar, Ifl. to thunder] to demand a debt with vehemence and frequent importunity. DUN, S. one who afks a perfon for a debt with clamour, and inrelfant importunity. DUNCE, S. [dcm,Bd%, tor.to. Span, (lupid] one vvho has not a capacity for receiving in- flriif'ion. DUNG, S. \dtneg, Sax. dur.^, Teut.] the exc- pii.er.t or aiiir.iais ufcd in manure, or in fattening ground. . DUNG. V. A. to manure, with dung. DU'NGEON.S [Ff.J a clofeprifon, g-;- neral! , a^.; lien ti a nark or /ubferr.!neous one DUTJGHILL, S. a heip of dung. Fign- laiivclj, any mean or vile abode ; a firuation of meannefs j a man defcenced trom ciesn p-iren age ; a ccck of a fpuriouii and de^ enerat'- Xind, not fit i(;r fighting. DUNGHILL, Adj. iprung from the dung- D U R hill. Figuratively, mean, bafe, or worthlcfj. DU'NGY, Adj. abounding in dung 5 le- ftmbling dung. DU'NNER, S. a pcrfsn employed in col- lefHng petty debts, and m?king ufe of vehe- ment impor- unity for that purpofe. DUODE'CIMO, S. {duoileam, Lat. twelve) a thing divided into twelve parts ; hence a book is faid to be in duodte'imo, when twelve of it=; leaves make juft a fheet of paper. DUPE, S. (from duppt, a foolifh birdeafily caught] a credulous perfon, or one who is impofed on, and deceived on account of his credulity. To DUPE, V. A. to trick or cheat a per- fon of too great credulity. DUPLE, Adj. [duplus, Lat] double ; the fame thing or number repeated. To DU'PLICATE, *V. A. [duplicafus, Lat.] to double ; to increafe or enlarge by the repttitioH of tlie fame number j to fold to- ceihcr. " DU'PLICATE, Adj. in Arithmetic, ap- plied to proporiiun, the ratio or proportion of IquarPS. DU'PLICATE, S. the exaft copy or coun- ter part of a iettt r, book, or deed j a thing of tlie fame kind as another. DUPLIC A'TION, S. the aft of doubling j the aft of folding together j a fold or doubling, DUPLI'CITY, S. [duplkh, genitive, oUu- pltx, Lit.] doublenefs ; the divifion of things or idf'as into p.tirs j the quality of being twice as much as another ; deceit, or double-deal- ing, oppofed to fimpliciiy. DU'RABILITY, S. [durabilh, Lat.] the power of bearing the injuries of lime and weather without being defvroyed ; the property ot lading or continuing a long while. DU'RABLE, Adj. [durabilis, Lat.] not eafily defiroyed by length of lime, or violence of weather; hfting 5 permanent j continuing in the fame ftate. DU/RAHLENESS, S, the property of con- tinuing or lading lonf. DU'R.4RLY, Ad. in a lading manner, DU'RANCE, S. [durep, low Fr.] the date of a perfon confined in a prifonj confinement j imprifonmcnt } duration, or the length of tim.e which anything continues. DURA'TJCiN, S, {duratw, Lat.] diftancc or lnnj;ih, applied to time. DU'RESSk, S. [Fr J harddiip; imprifon- ment. in Law, a plea ufed by way of ex- ception to a bond fealed to a perfon byonecaft m prilon at hi- luit, or othrrwife hardly ufed. DU'RHAM, S. [or DURE3ME, as in our old (la'uiesj biflicpric of, in L.itin, Epijcopa- tusDurelmcrfn, acouniy pal.iiine in tlieNoitfi 01 England. Ji is lioiinded on ihe S. by o'kfhirej on the N W. by NtTtliumber- biid J and on the W. by Cuin;el:ind and Weilmoieland j and wifhed by the ccean on t e E. Jt is thiriy-iiine niiies long, and thirty-f.ve broiid. The numbu of acres it ccntaias D U R contr.lns are aompu'eJ at 6io,cco, and In- habitants, 97, ceo. The air liere is iharp, and is obferved to be colder in the weftern than the eaftern parts ; the Jatter having warm breezes from the fej. In the former the fields are barren, the woods thin, and the hills bare; but the iron and lead mines make fome amends for the fierilityof the foil. The eafl-, fouth, and north parts are more fruitful. in general, the bishopric is thick fet with towns, and very rich in mines of coals, par- ticularly about Sundsilan.-', Hartlepool, and other places, which are imported into Lon- don. In moft parts, the coal lies n«ar the furface. The abundance ot this mineral pro dui^ion in the bifliopric, may be one reafon why the inhabitants apply themfelves litile to any other traffic or manufa£lure. This coun- try has about fjxteen rivers ; the principal of ■which are, i. The Tees, and into it run the taden, Hude, Lune, Bandeo, Skern, with Other brooks. 2. The Were, v/hich is formed by the Kclloo, Wellop, and Burdop, with the Gaunlefs, &c. Moll of thefe abound with fi/h, particularly falmon j and they form con Cderable ports well frequented by colliers of the greateft burthen, which are a nurfery of I'ailors for the royal navy. This county fends to parliament only two knigh:s of the fhire, and two burgedes for its capitjl of the fame name. DU'RHAM, S. city of, the capital of the county palatine of the fame name, in the north of England, in Latin Dunelmum, and by the Saxons called Dunkolvi, as fituated on a lifmg ground, and furrour.ded with a river, namely, the Were, over wbxh are two large flone bridges. The city is wailed round, and, defended by a fpacious and ftrong caftle. Here are fix parifli churches, befides the cathedral, which is dedicated to St. Cuthbert. The J'uburbs are Elvetbridge, and i-'ramgate, lead- ing tJ Newcaftle, It is the fee of a bi/hop ; hence the county is commorily called the bilho^fick 5 and be is a temporitl as well a:- fpiritu.l lord in it, though king Kenry VIII. abcidged the temporalities very much. Dur- ham is one of the beft bv/hopricks in England, and the prebends, and oiher church-livings, are very rich. It is governed by a mayor, and fends two members to pail. anient. Tho wetkly market here is on Saturday, where all forts of provifions and netciiaries lur the con- veniency of life are very cheap, as well as good. It has annual fairs on March 31, for three days ; the firft day horned cattle j the iecond (heep and hogs ; and the third horfes ; Whitfun Tuefday, and September, 15, the like. It lies fix'.cen miles from Newcaftle, and 155 from Loridon. Db'RINC, Part, [from durt\ for the time any thing hits j while anything tontinuci un.illered. _ DURST, prtterof Dare. "TheChrif- tjans (iu'[i have no iaia^3« of thi Deity." D AY A DUSK, AJj. \iujler, Teut. thyjln, Six.] want oi day light ; approaching to darknefs j black i,1i ; or of a dark colour. " Vapour and ex!i3lation dujk" Pjr. Lij}. DU'SKISH, Adj. inclining to darknefs 3 tent^i.ig to blacknefs ; dark coloured. DU'SKISHLy, Adv. darkly j in fuch a manner as to afford but little light. DU'SKY, Adj. tending to darknefs. Tend- 'ing to blacknefs, appliej to colour. Figu- ratively, gloomy, fad, mehncholy, applied to the mind. DUST, S. [Sas. duzop, Erfe, dur, Teut. dryj earth or other matter reduced to fmall particles. Figuratively, the ftate or dilfo'u- tion to which bodies are reduced after being long buried. A mean, low, and dejedled ftate, alluding to the cuflom of the Jews, who, in time of affliilion, fat in. the duji, and covered their heads with it likewife. " God raifeth up the poor out of the </«/?." I Sar7i. ii. S. DU'STY, Adj. filled, coloured, covered, or fpread witii duft. DU'TCHESS, or DUCHESS, S. [Z?«- chejfe, Fr.] the lady of a duke. DU'TCHY, or DUCHY, S. a territory, which gives title to, or has a duke for its foveraign. Dut.hy-ccurt, is that wherein all matters pertaining to the dutcliy of Lancafter are decided by the decree of the chancellor. DU'TEOUS, Adj. obedient ; or perform- ing thsfe offices which parents or fuperiors can cla'm J obfequious, or complying; en- joined by, or ariling from thofe relations a perfon ftands in with refpeft to others. DU'TIFUL, Adj. obedient ; fubmimve to, or performing the ofSces due to parents Ot luperiors ; or rei'pedlful j reverential. DU'TIFULLY, Adv. in an obedient, fub- miflive, or refpc(ftful manner. DU'IIFULNESS, S. obedience j fubmif- fion to jiift authority ; the aft of performing the oflicfs which flow from our relations as children or fubjcfls ; reverence ; refpeft. DU'TY, S. any aflion or courfe of ao<» tion?, vihich flow from the relations w» (land in to GoD or man ; thit which a msa is bound to perform by any natural or legal obligation. In Commerce, a tax or cuftom paid for any commodity, and levied by th« government, DWARF, S. [d-jueorg. Sax. duerg, Dan. o'v.'jrgh, Bslg. aiviirgh, I'eux, Jhcrg, Scot.j a man below the common iize or. flaturc. In Gardening, a low fruit-tree, kept fhort by pruning. Any animal or plant fl.ortcr than thofe of the fame fpecief, ufed by bjtanifts in corapofition. To DWARF, V. A. in Botany, to hinder frotn trowwig to its natural fjzc, by pruning} to Ittrten ; to make Jitib j to fl-.orten. DWATs-FISH, Adj. biUw the ns.ural fize j Imail j very fhort. DW.\'RtlSHLY, Adv. like a dwarf. A a a DWA'R- E A S Br Inhabiting the earth, Gioffj oppofed to fpirtttinl. EA'R-'VVAX, S. the excrementuious or vifcou? fuhftsnce with which the ear is filled. EA'RWJG, S. [from ear and lu'tg:!. Sax. » grub, J a fiieaih- winged infeft, of a long body, having fcveral legs, a fork at its tail, and of" a dirty black colour, in gardens very prejudicial to carnations and fruit-trees. r ASE, S. \_a'je, Fr.j freedom from car"? or diilurbance, applied to the mind. Freedom from pain, applied to the body. Reft, or cefiation from labour, in order to recover from fatl^iie; freedom from obflruCi ion j freedom from impediment or difficulty, app'isd to the tnind. An eieg^nt negligence, applied to literary compofnions. To EASE, V. A. to free from pain; to teleafe from labour ; to free irom any thing t*hi' h caufes a difagreeable fenfaiion either in the body or mind. E.^'SHFL'L, Acij. affording relaxation from toil or fatigue; allevijiirg, diminiiliirg, or rem<>ving |'ain ; iic for reft. " Kis eajtfid weRern bed." Shah. EA'SEMENT, S. exemption from any coft or experce, EA'SILY, Adv. without difficulty, labour, imFe^iment, or pain. E.'^i'SjNESS, S. a relative term, implying that a perTon's abilities are fufficient, or more than lufftcient toaicomplifii vrny undertaking, to loivs any point in learning, or to prnfecute any deiign propofen ; freedom from difficulty ; the quality of being loon perl'uaded to do or believe; compliance without oppolitian ; cre- dulity Vviiihout fufpicion or cx.imination ; freedom from di.turbance, or from any gain- ful ftr/ation. EAST, S. \eaf,, «/?, Sax. aufiur, Ifl. ecfi, Eelg. iuof.ake. Ruff, ijhk, Da!m. ofi. Teut.J the quarter from whence the fun rifes when he enters the equinodlial points of a/yes or libra. The nations fiiuated towards the point iVom whence the fun rifiis. EA'STER, S. \_eafior, SaX. cfier, Belg. a'>fiern, Tcut.lthe time when Chriftians cele- brate the refurrcflion of Chrift fiom the grave. The word ufed to denote this leafon, has no relation to this folemnity, but tGo!< its rife Uom Eafiri, the name of the Sjxon deity or goddefs, whofe (eitival was cele- brated dbout this time of the year, and after its abolilhment by ChilrtiiDity the name was retained, and is to this day ufed to fi;;nily the feftival of Chiift's refuiretlion, as men- tioned above. EA'STERN, Adj. fituated, looking, or tending towards the e.ifl, or tiiat point of tht Comp.ifs in vvhith the fun ri es. EA'STWAKD, Adv. [eaftiutarti, Sax. from eaji and nccard, S^x, luairib, or icairlusy Cu.h. towards or igainfij towards the dft, ortb.it point of the c<m pais where ihe fun rifct vkiitn in the c^oinuiUdl puiiiU. E C C EA'SV, Adj. [from etfe, <w!s, Goth, exfi Arm. J to be performed without fatigue, in- cumbrance, or difficulty ; free from diftur- Lance or anxiety ; beiieving without enquiry or oppofilion ; credulous; complying; free from bodily pain 5 without formality ; ele- gantly negligent. To EAT, V. A. [preter ate or eat, parti- ciple eae, or eaten, from etan ; or ilan, Gosh, which makes afan or aitan, in the preter, etan, Sax. et, Ifl. preter aat'\ to devour or cunfume by the mou h. Figuratively, to cor- iode, or dtftroy, applied to the aflion of fome corrofive fubfunce ; to confume prodigally ; to re:ra£t or unfay a tbin^, when joir.ed to •vootd. Mcuterly, to go to meal ; or feed j to take food : to confume by corroding. EA'TABLE, A;ij. fit for food, or'capable of being chewed and fwaHowed. E A'TLRj S. a [ erfon who chews and fwal- lows any food ; th;.t which corrodes. EA'flN"G.r-TOU.sE, S. a placp wheie per« fons tniy be fupplied with food ready dreft. EA'V'ES, S. [<_/I;'f, Sax.] the edges of a roof which h.-sng ever a b(sufe. To EA'VES'-DROP, V. A, to catch what drops from the eaves of a houfe. Figurativelv, to iiften un.ier the windows of a perion's houfe, in order to difcover fecrets. EA'VES-DROrPHR, S. one who lifien* under a perion's windows, in cruer 10 difcover the fecrets of a fami'y. EBB, S. [eiKJiod, Sax. ehht, D^n. and Belg. e'^ba, eiben, Belg, to flow back] the flowing back, or retieat of water towards the lea; a (blinking of water in a river by the turn of its tide. FifKrativ£ly,dscay ; decline; wafte, a low ccndition. To EBB, V, N. to flow back towards the fca. Figuratively, to decline ; to decay ; to wafte. E'BEN, E'BON, or Eli'CNV, S. [eba-uw, Lat.] in Natural Hiflory, a kind of wood, brought from the Indies, of a black colour, exreedingiy hsrd and he.ivy, rul'ceptible of a very fine poli(h, and on that account ufed ia Mol'dic and inliid works. EBO'N, Adj. made of ebony. " Night in her chn car." Tcufg. EBRl'ETY, S. Y^brietas, Lat.] intoxica- tion occafioncd by Wrong liquors ; drunken- nefs. EBRI'OSITV, S. [ehlofita!, Lat.] habi- tual drunkeniiefs. " That religion which ex- rufcth Noah in furprizal, will neiiher acquit e'iriofiiy) nor ebrieiy." liioivn, EBULLI'TION, S. [ebuUio, Lat.] the aft of boiling with heat, Fiaiiiatively, an in- icftine niotion of the particles of the body 5 the commotion, flruggle, ferrr.entation or cf- fervefcence occafiotie.i by the mingling to- ?e her anv alcalineand acid liquor. ECCr.'NTRIC,orECCL.NTRICAL,Adj. [eccentricus, Lat.] departing or deviating fr<.m a center j not having the lame cenrer. Fi- gutativcly, E C L gtiratlvely, not anfwering the defign ; not tend- ing to the end intende<). " Eccentric to the ends of his mjfter." Broivn. Irregular; not confiftent wit^h any rule, or cftablifhsd cuftom. ECGE'NTRICITY, S. the departing from, or the flate of a thing with a different center j the ftate of a thing with a different center from another ; excurflon from an employment, or proper fphere of atlion ; an improper fuu- ation. In Aftronomy, aojjlied to the earth, the diftance between the focus and the center ( of its elliptic orbit E D G To ECLI'PSE, V. A. to darken any lu- minary. Figuratively, to defrroy any light J to drown a leffer light by faperior fplendor j to cloud j tf)obfcure; to difgrace. " Her huf» Land was vc!ii)[ed \n Ireland." Clcnnd, ECLi'PTiC, S. [Gr.] in Aftronomy, a line on the furface of the fphere of the world, which the fun defcribes in its annual revolii. tion. In Geography, a great circle of the lobe cutting the equator under an angle of 23 deg. 29 mini It is fuppofed to be divided nto twelve parts, each of which arc marked ECCLESIA'TIC, or ECCLESIASTICAL, with one of the twelve figns, and contains the Adj. [ecci'i/i.ijfkus, Lat.j relating or appropri atcd to the le.vice of the chuvch. ECCLES'A'STIC, S, a perfon devoted to the fervice of the church ; a clergyman. ECCOPRO'TICS, S. [plural, from ix, and xowj©', Gr. excrement] in Phyiic, medicines which purge gently. ECHINATE, or ECHINATED, Pm. or A<lj. [from echlr.us, Lat.j biiiUed like a hedge-hog ; fet with prickles. ECHI'NUS, S. [Lat.J a hedge hog ; a fheil-fifh fet with prickles. In Botany, rh-; prickly lieJd or cover of the feed or top of any plant. In Architeiflure, a member or orna- ment near the bottom of the Ionic, and other capitals, next to the abucus, taking its name trom the rough nefs of its carving, re-fembiing the prickly rinJ of a chefnut, or the prickly coat of a hedge-hog ; it is called o-uolo by the Italians, and e^gs and anchors by Englifli work- men, becaufe carved with anchors, darts, and ovals, or eggs. E'CHO, S. [jnyu, Cr. a found] a found rellecled from a folid body, and by that means repeated to the car ; the place where the re- petition of a found is produced or heird. To E'CHO, V. N. to refoiind ; to be found- ed back afetond time. Aitively, to multiply a found. ECCLAlRCI'SSEMENT,S.[Fr,l:heaf> of deuing up, or explaining any iilfair by word of nioutn. ECLA' r, [Fr.] fpkndor ; luftre } or glory. ECLECTIC, Adj. [from ir.My^, Gr. to chufej f;l«ding j or having a pov/cr of chuf- ing or preferring. " Cicero w.:s of the ecUHk fedt," Watiu ECLI'PSE, S. [ex>,£t^I-(f, of exXsittw, Gr. to failj in A.ironomy, a djrkening of otit of t-he luanin.ir.es, by the intcrpofition of lome opak« body between it and the i:ye, or be- tween it and the moon. The fun is ecliifcd by the moon's intervioing between the e.(rth and ihf fun. An eclipie of tbe inoon is when the atmofphere of the earth, being between the fun and moon, hinders the lignt of the fun from falling upon and being reflcded by the mnod : if tbe light of the lun is kept off from the wiiole body of the moon, it is a tf'tal tc^ipje, it trom a part only, it is a partial one. A ft^ie of darknefs, or waiK of kjiowledge, applied to Wic muid. pace of a month. E'CLOGUE, 3. [from aiy©^, and 'Kiy'^, Gr. a difcour.'ej a paftoral poem, wiiofe fcenes are confi.ied to a rural life, and whofe perfon- ages sre ihep'.icrds. ECPHRA'CTiCS, S. [of suf^ag-Tia, Gr. to tree from obftrudtionsj fuch medicines as open the veiTels through v/hich the humours are to pafs, or which render tough humours thin, and thereby promote their difchargc. EC'STACY, S. [EKraa-.f, Gr.] any fudrieii paiTion cf the mind, by which the thoughts are for a time abforbed j exceffive joy or rap- ture. ECSTA'SIED, Adj. enraptured j elevatedj or abforbed. ECSTATIC, or ECSTA'TICAL, Adj. enraptured j or elevated to an ecftafy. E'CURIE, S, [Fr. from efuus, Lat. a horfej a covered place wherein horfes are houfed. ED'DY, S. [from ed, Sax. backward, cr again, and ea, Sax. water] water which is beat and returns back again to the place from whence it llowed. Figuratively, a whirlpool ; a circular motion 5 a whirlwind. ED'DY, Adj. v/hirling; moving in a cir- cular manner. " Chaff with cdJy winds is whirl'd around." DryJ. pddy water, among mariners, implies dead water. EDEMATOSE, S.[oiV«>^"--]''wellingj full ot humours. " A leroJity obllruclin^; the glands may be watry, eJ.'nijtoje, or fchirrous." .drbuth. EDGE, S. [eege. Sax. aKn, Gr.] the /harp fide of any cuttinjj inftrument 5 a H.jrro.v part arifin^ fro.-n one which is broader; the extre- nfity, border, or ouifiritj of a thing. To EDGE, v. A. to iharpen, or make an In.'iroment cut better ; to border, or put I'i.-.ie- thini» round the extremities of a thinj ; to exiilpcrate j to excite ; to put in fuch a poli- tion as to make way or give roo«n ; to advance beyond a line, or fltuaiion. *' Edging by de- gretrs their chjirs forw.'.rds." Loclte. Neu- tcrjy, to advance, or move forward againft .iny obftacle, or body moving in an oppofite direction ; to go clofe upon a wiiid, and fail (low. " I muft ed^e upon a point of wind." Drjd. ED'GED, Part, (harp, oppoifed to blunt. ED'GING, S. fomething added by way of, ornament j a narcow lace. In Gardening A a 4 rows. EDI E F F yows of ftruTS or plants, phced round tbe jl.ontlon, Lat. 55 deg. 5S min. north long. 5 exiremities ot a bed, intV«ad of borders ED'GELESS, Adj. not fit to cut with ; bhint. ED'GEWISE, Adv. with the edge placed in a partkuhr direction. E'DIBLE, Adj. [.-do. Lat. to eat] fit to be eaten; fit for foo<<. E'DICT, S. [e/ifflum, Lit.] 3 law, cr pro- cl m3tior, enjoining the doing or torbeating ipf ff-me action. EDIFICATION, S. [aJc:, Lat. a hoyfc, itiii facia, tp malctj itiprovement ; the acini advancing a perfon in religioi. EDIFICE, S. f/f/i;J7f:tfw, Lat.] a bniiding or houfc, generally applied to fignify fome lare;P or pompous buil.img. E'DIFIER., S. one who improves* another ty inflruftion. ToEDIFY, V. A. [(tf:f>cc, Lat.] to build ; to improve by inftruftion ; to inftrui^, or teach. t/DILE, S. [^M;, Lat.] -the title of an officer among the Rom.ins, who refembled the citv maifhil in London, or a furveyor. E'DiNBURGH, S. (ciiy 0!) the metro- polis of the ihireof its own name, or Mid- Lothian, and of all Scotland. It was for- pieily the royal feat of its kings and par- liaments, as it is ftill of the fupieme courts of judicature, pariicuUrly the court of fcfTion, confifting of- fixteen judge?, one of which is ftiled Lord Prefident ; jufticiary court, com- miffary court, Cfc. The north prn Scots, its antient inhabitants, calltd it Dunned, orDun- fden, i. e. Eden- hill, or the hill of the Edeni, whom Ptolemy, frcm Tnift>l;e, as fome think, calls Ottodcni, from Scottodeni, In Laiin it is called Edir.um, Edinodur.uyn, or more properly, Edinlurgum. It ftands high; and among its feveral Itreets is a remark- able broad one, above half a mile long to the Nether- bow, with handfonie (lone houles on each fide; but fome buildines upon it, calleJ theLucken-booths, and the guard-houfe, very itiuch interrupt, if not difgrace it. At ihc weft^end of this ftreet is a v»ry ftrong c.nllt, or rather citadel, upon a rock, inacccfii'jie on all fide;, but at one avenue opening to the faid ftreet ; and this be'ng floutly forti fed with cannon and regular works, the Highlanders in vain at'empted it in 1745- Here is a garrifon and govcrmr, in whi.h office was the late general Gueft at th time. Alfo a royiil palace of hewn ftone, where King J^mes I. of En»hnd was torn. In this place therejalia, rtcorJs of (late, and national magazine of arms and ammuniticn, are kept. Two wells in the rock plcnti''u!ly fapply the garrifon with water. The city ihas the two pennies Scots 5ft for the car- rying on their pub'ic works, which they em- ploy to great advant .ge. Tlicy ctive a good trade, and fend one mtmbsr to the Biiti/h deg. weft. EDl'TION S. [editls, Lat.] the publica- tion or imprrflion of a book. E'DITOR, S. one who prepares a msnu- Icript tor thi preis, and correfls the errors of the proof fhet s while it is printing. To E'DUC.ATE, V. A. leduaMum, fupino of edi::o, Lat.] to bring up a perfon ; to give ii.(lri.;£tion to a perfon during his minority. ^EDUCA'TION, S. the care taken of a perfon in his younger years to adorn his mind with learning, and e.mbellifh his conduct with morality. To S'DUCE, V. A. {educo, Lat.] to bring out i, to txfracl ; to bring to light ; or to bring tfom a ft. re of concealment. To EDU^LCORATE, V. A. [from duUis, Lat. I'weetj 'o fweeten. EDULCOR A'TION, S. in Pharmacy, the fvveeteninj; a ihinj by means of honey, fugar, or lyrup. I^Cheniiftry, the a£l of frefting- ing or cleanfiag a thing from its falts by fre- cjuent wafhing in water. To EEK, V. A. \eacan, ecan, ican, Sax. to add or increafe ; eck, Erfe, eak, Scot] to make bigger by the addition of another piecs ; to fupply any deficiency, fometim'.s including the idea of bungling, or botching ; ufed with ihe particle out, EEL, S. \el, S-jf. nal Dan. and Teut. ad, Celg.] in Natural Hillory, a filh of the fer- psntine kind, IFF. See EFT. To EFFA'CE, V. A. {.ffjar, Fr.] to de- ftroy any painting; to f;;0!l the form of any piece of carving ; to blot out ; to deflroy all marks or traces of a thing from the mind. EFFE'CT, S. {(fi'iciui, Lat.] a confequence, advantage, avail, profit or fervice, " Chrift is become of no ijfeB." Gal. v. 4. The pur- port, intention, or ni-aning of a difcourfe, or fpe king. '• They fp ike to her to that (fftS." 2 Chro. xxxiv. 27. In the plural, goodS] fur- niture, nv moveables. To EFFECT, V. A. \cffe5}uir., fupine of efic'io, Lat.] to bring to pafs ; to attempt with fucceis ; to produce as a caufe, or by the ap- olication of power, EFFE'CTIBLE, Adj. that which n\ay be produced, done, or performed. " Not effeEl- ihle ui)un the ftritleft experiment." Bacon. EFFE'CTIVE, Adj. having the power to produce an tft'cfl. Adlivch , proper for a£lion. EFFE'CTIVELY, Adv. with power j pow- erfully; ;eallv; entirely. EFFE'C TLESS.Adj. withouteftea ; with- out ciuruig any change or alteration by the applicjtion of power ; without producing any etTea. EFFE'CTOR, S. [Lat.] one who produces any efTcCl ; one w])o is the caufe of a thing. " We commemorate the creation, and pay wnrfiiip to that infinite Being, who was the jailianaeat. It lies 3Z0 miles north from | *^t(Sor of it," Dtrham, EFFE'CTUAL, E F F EFFE'CTUAL, Adj. [effcau-l, Fr.] pro- ducing (he objcd, end, or defign lor which it is intended. EFFE'CTUALLY, Adv. in fuch a man- rer as to produce the end for which it is ap- plied. To EFFE'CTUATE, V. A. [f/e.^a^r.Fr.] to bring to p^U; to arcompliih. EFFE'MiNACy, S. [from effeminate] the afting like a woman ; loftne'.s or want oJ ihofe qualities which diftinguifh and become a man. ErFE/MlNATE, Adj. [effemir.atus, Lat.] void of the qualities which diftinguifh and adorn the male fex j afting or behaving like ilupruous or I'lx irioi'.s. [f^wiHO, Lat.] a woman To EFl'EMl'NATE, V. A to make wummith. EFFEMi'N ATION, S. the quality or caufc of rendering a perfon womanifh. To EFFERVE'SCE, V. A. [(ffe>i'efco. Lat.j to grow warm, or produce heat by Jer- mentation, or the motion of the particles of a body among thcmfclves. " Effer-vejce, even to a fluTie." Mi'ad. EFFERVE'SCENCE, S. [effer-vefco, Lat.] 3 light ebullition, or brifk intefUne motion ot the particles of liquor, caufcd by the firft ac- tion of heat. In Cbemiftry, an ebullition, or inttftine motion refulting from the mix- ture of bodies of different natures, which oc- cafions heat, or boiling, relembling that which Is caufed by fire, EFFICA'CIOUS, Adj. [efflcach, gemtlve of effcax, Lat.] producing the effeifl or end intended, I EFFICA'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to produce the. eftc£t or end intended. EF'FICACY, S, the power of producing the end or effcft intended. Applied tofpeech, perfuafion. EFFI'CIENCE, or EFFI'CIENCY, S. [^efficiens, Lat.] the aft of producing effedts or changes in things or perfons ; agency, EFFI'CIENT, S. [efficiers, Lat.j a caufe ; one that makes or caules things to be what they are. EFFI'CIENT, Adj. leffide»s, Lat,] having the power to produce or caufe alteration or change in things, either by altering the qua- lities, or introducing the new ones. EF'FIGY, S. [effigia, Lat.] the refem- blance or reprefentation of any thing drawn, painted' or carved. A.n idea, applied to the mind. EFFLORE'SCENCE, or EFFLORE'S- CENCY, S. \cffioreJceni, Lat.] In Botany, a produflion of tiowers. -In Natural Hiftory, an excrefcence in form of flowers. In Medicine, a breaking out of feme humours, &ff . in the Ikin. EFFLORE'SCENT, Adj. [effloreJcentU, T G L EFFLU'ENCE, S. [effluent, Lat.] that which flows from fome principle. EFFLU'VIA, or EFFLUVIUM, S. [Lat.] the Imall particles continually emitted by, or flowing from a body, which, though they do not fenfibly dccreale the bocfy from whence they p:oceed, have perceptible eft'cfts on the fenfes. EF'FLUX, S. [e§luxus, Lat.] the aft of flowiag out \ eftalioa \ fpreading; or the vi- fible etfeft of fome caufe j that which floWS from lomething elfe ; an emanation. To EF'FLUX, V. A. [.:ffuxum, fupine of cffluo, Lat.j to flow from j lo move in fuccef- l:on. EFFLU'XION, S. [effluxum, Lat.] that which flows out. " Some effluxions, from fpirit to fpiiit." Bac. The aft of flowing out. " By ^MA/on and attraft ion." Broavn. EFi-ORMA'TlON, S. the aft of giving form to, or making. " The production and cffjrmation of the univerfe." Ray, EF'FORT, S. [Fr.j a ftruggle; a laborious or vehement endeavour or exertion of power. EFFRO'NTERY, S. [ffronterie, Fr.j an immodell and undaunted boldne's, by which a perfon is capable of undertaking any aftion, including the idea of impudence and daring, EFFU'LGENCE, S. [effulge?,s,Ut.] iplen- dor, or a glorious degree ot light, EFFU'LGENT, Adj. [effulgens, Lat.j fhln- ing with a fuperlative degree of light or fplen- dor.. To EFFU'SE, V. A. [effufus, Lat.j to pour out ; to fpoil, EFFU'SION, S. [effufio, Lat.j the aft of pouring out ; Iheddsng ; the aft of uttering or pronouncing with fluency ; profufion or generous giving. Figuratively, the thing poured out. " Purge me with the blood of my Redeemer, and I fliall be clean ; wafli me with that precious effujhn, and I fhall be whiter than fnow," AT. Charla. EFFU'SIVE, Adj. pouring out. EFT, S. See EFF, {effete, Sax. called like- wife an evtt\ a fmall kind of animal, hav- ing four feet and a long tail, refembling the lizard, or crocodile, and to be found in watery places. ^ E, G, [for exempli gratia, Lat.] for the fake of an example ; as tor example. See letter E, E'GER, S, [See EAGER] an impetuous and irregular tide. EGG, S. [<r£, Sax. c^, Dan. egg, Ifl. ough, Erfe, a'lcka, Rulf. ivcg:ze, Boh. J in Natural Hiftory, a part formed in the females of cer- tain animals, which under a fhell, more or lefs fphericai, includes the young of the fame fpecies. To EGG, V. A. [eggljK, Sax. eggia. Run, and Dan. agaccr, Fr.j to incite 5 to tnftigate j' genitive of efflorefceni, Lat.j ihboting out in to induce'a perfon to profecute an aftion with the fliape of flowers. In Medicine, appearing vigour in pimples or other eruptions on the fltin, I EG'LANTINE, S, [efglantitr,Vt. egbe- Icnticr, E I G E L A i»r.-.T, Bc'g. offgW, Eele. anhe(1gft-hog, on I El'CHTEENTH, Adj. [from eight an<* sccount of its prickle^j a kind of wild rofe. \t!ntb\ the order of a thing either in place o' E'GOTISM, S. [vgotlfme, Ff. from ^^4, |j^uccelTion, which is removed the aiftance of t. IJ a fault connniitied in writing or dif- I leventeen from the firft ; or twice as muchf jrfe, incluaing too frequent and oftentatious or as far ^as, nine. EIGHTFOLD, A.ij. eight times as much as any other number or quantity. El'GHTH, Adj. \cabteotka. Sax. ahtudim, Goth.] a ward expreffing the order in which a thing ftands from the hrft, and is next be- yond the feventh. El/GHTIETPI, Adj. [hundiatatltigotha. Six. j an ordinal, implying that a thing or fuc- ceffion is removed eighty times, including the fiift. EI'GHTSCORE, Adj, [from eight and yiv^-ej. eight times twenty, or 1 60. La cou an ufe of the pronoun I \ tec Jiequent men- tion of a perfon's felf in writing or converfs- ticn. *' The moft violent egotijm I have met with." Spicl. No. 562. E''GOTlST, S. [tgonfte, Fr. from ego, Lat. IJ one who often repeats the word J : a per- fon who nientions hiinreif too frequently, and with crtentstion. To E-'GOTIZE, V. A, to ment'ion one's fcJf too frequently, and toD oftentatioufly. EGREGIOUS, Adj. [tgregms, Lat.Jfome- what above the com.TDon or ordinary run 5 re- , , , Oiaiksble } worthy of notice, or extraordinary EIGHTY, S. [from eight and ty ; of tig, either in a good or bad fen fe, b6t ge.oeraily 1 G<>th. ry«, Sax. of ri. Run. ten, i.e. eight mfed in 3 bad one. times ten, huKdeatatig, Sax. the M\i:At htind EGRE'GIOUSLY, Adv. better or worfe being prefixed by them frt m 70 to tzo. than ordinary ; utjcominonly belter or worfe ; 1 abiautehur.d, Goth, attitihi, Ruii.J a num- prodigioMiH' i extremely. " He muft be rrr^- ber confifting of eight times ten added to- g'oujly mHiiken." t'GRESS, S. ygrtffus, Lat.] paiTage cut of a place ; liberty to go out. EGRh'SSlON, S. [r^rf//??, Lat] theaa ef coniirig out. " The manner ot illuingout of their Jhips, and the perpetual egre/Jitin." Fo/f's in^d. E'GRET, S. a fowl of the heron kind, with red legs. EGRE'TTE, S. [Fr.J an ornament of ribboi;*. Worn by ladies on the front pare of their hair. To EJA'CULATE, V. A. [fjaculatus, or t^acu!or,LM.] to dart out; tofhoot. Neuteriy, to bre<!the a fliort occaftonal prayer. EJACULATION, S. in iis primary fenfe, the acl of ihrovi/ing or daiting cut. Figura lively, an occafio.ial, entemporary, fliort, and pious prayer. EJrt'CULATORY, Adj. fu-JJenly darted cut ; cxiired'cd in fhort, abrupt, or uncon- jK^ed fenterM;es. To EjE'CT, V. A. [ejcFtum, fuoine of i^'iw, Lat. j to throw, call, or dart out with force. Figuratively, to expel or drive from a place or po.TcHitjn ; to drive avv.iy witli hatred ; to exclude ; fling awoy, or rejeiS. EjE'CTlON, S. {fj;rtio, L^t.J thc'-ia of expelling, or driving fru.-n a piace or poiTc/licin. Tn Mcdici.ie, a difchargc maoc by vomit, ftoo), or any emunf^orv. Ej£'::TMLNT, S. in Law, a writ by which any inhabitant of a houfe, or tenant o^ an eftdte, is commanded and obliged to depart . EICH, Interjedtion, a fudden expreflion of celiyhr. EIGHT, Adj. [cHo, Lat. cxin, Gr.] a ijumher confiding of twice tcur. Ei'GHTfc'EN, Adj. a number confiftingof »en and eight units added together, or of twice nine. getber. E'lGNE, Acj. [pronounced aine, from aijne, Fr.j in Law, the eider or firif-born j not alienable ; entailed. " Eigne, iV.A not fu'jjecl to forfeiture for the alienation that Cometh arter it." Bdc- Ei'THER, Pron. [agstbsr. Sax. J cne or other of (v.o perfons iacirt'erently ; borh, or each. " Seven times the fun hs eitbir tro- pic viewed." Dryd. Adverbial y, and in difiribution to oJiimguifh between two or rrore tilings. " If tuber pUce, or time, or other courie." Diyd. EjULA'TlON, S. lejulatio, Lat.] an out- cry of afledting and pcneir.ting grief. " With difnidl groans— and ejulation.'''' Phiiifs, EKE, Conjufifl. [eak, S x. auk, Goih, ick, Belg. a-:cb, Teut. oc, Dan. J likewife j alfo ; befide?. " Th-t this is eke the throne of love." Prior. Oblolete, unlels in poetry. To ELA'BORATE, V. A. {eUboratus, Lar.J to produce with difSculty and labour. " Tney in fuUJoy e'abora'e a figh." Tang, To exalt, or improve the nature of a thing by lucceflive changes or improvements. '* The Tap is (Jiverfified, and flill more and more eluli-^rated itiii exhaled." y}>.'iutb. ELA'BORATE, Adj. [e/aboratus, Lat.] fin. .lied with great elegance and labour ; per- torined with pains and diligence. ELA'BORA TELY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to bei'pcak elegance, owing to piiins and diligence. ELA'BORATION, S. the improving or cx..hing the nature of a thing by lucceffive cnanges and alteraiionsj the producing witli great care and iuuuilry. To ELA'NCE, V. N. [elarcer, Fr.] to Hart 5 to throw out. To ELA'rSE, V. N. [e.'af>fus, of e.'ator, Lat.] tu le; nip j or to fuf5-"er u> pafs wi.hout notice Of improvemen:, applied m time. ELA'STIC, ELD E L E TLA'STIC, orELA'STICAL, Adj. [{Xaai, [others In years ; born before others ; one wIjo Gr.] having the property of retuining to ics has lived or enjoyed any thing longer thao own form or /liape, after having loft it by another. fome external force ; fpringing ELASTi'CITY, S.' a property in bodies, by which they return forcibly, and of ttieir own accord, to the fame dimenfions or fornr) they were of before compreflion, or before their having loft it by that force. ELA'TE, Adj. [e/atus, from efero, Lat.] fiuflied, puffed up, or haughty, on account ol fuccefi. To ELA'TE. V. A. to puff up, or make one proud with praife, profperity, or fuccefs ; to exalt or heighten ; " Truth divinely break- ing on his mind — eiated h\s being." Tbomjon. ELATION, S. haughtinefs or pride oc- cafioned bv fuccefs. EL'BOW, S. [elhoga, Sax. eVtloeg, Belg. ehknbogen, Teut. alhu, Dan.] the joint or bending of the arm next below the fhoulder. Figuratively, anv bend/ng or angle. To EL'BOV/, V, A. to puOi with the elbow. Figuratively, to ftruggle for room ; to encroach upon. Neuterly, to jut out in angles. I ELBOW-ROOM, S. room to ftretch out the elbows on each fide. Figuratively, free- dom from reflrdinr, or confinennent, " Now my foul hath e/ioiv-raom.''' Shak, EL'DER, Adj. [eld, elder. Sax.] one who furpafies another in years 5 one v/ho is born before, ir oae who furvives another. EL/DERS, S. plural, [ealder, Sax.] perfons whofe age gives th(;m a claim to honour a.id refpeft ; thofe who are born before others j anceftors. Amcng the Jews, the rulers of the people, anl'svering to the word fenator amon^ ihe Romans, In, the New Teftament, fuch of the clerpy, as had iome authority in the church on account af their years. Among the Prefbyterians, 1 .;, i.en introduced into the kirk polity, in fcflions, prelbyteries, fynods, and affemblies. EL'DER, S, in Botany, the empalement of its fl.jwer is perfniinent, confifting of one k-at cut in fivsparts. It is ranged by LinnEeus in the 3d ftft. of his 5th clafj. The inner bark is by fome efteerneJ good for dropfies ; the leaves are outwardly ul'ed for the piles and inflam- mations, and form an ointment. The fiowers are inwardly ufed to expel wind, and when noade into an ointrftent, ufed outwardly as a cooler. The berries are efteemed cordial, and ufeful in hyfteric diforders. EL'DERLY, Adj. bearing the marks of old age, advanced in years. EL'DERSHH', S. a claim founded on being born before another ; fe.iiority, or being born before another ; prelbytery, or an affembly, conlilKmg of elders, inverted with fupreme authority in church-^;overnmenr. ELDE'ST. Adj. [the fuperlative of old, which is comp-red thus, old, elder, cldtfl \ from tiiid, ialdti)-, eLjh, %ix.\ exceeding E'LECAMPANE, S. [heknlum, from /'«- ulcecumpsna:-, according to Skinner] inBotanyj it hath a radiated compound flower, with an imbricated empalement, compoled of loofe fpreading leaves. It is placed by Linnaeus ia the ad feG. of his 19th clafs. To ELE'CT, V. A. \ehaum, fupinc of elego, Lat.] to choofe a perfon for the difcharge ot fome poft or office; to take in preference of others. In Divinity, applied by fome di- vines, to fignify choice made of fome perfonj by the Deity as objedls of his favour and mercy. ELE'CT, Adj. \eUBui, Lat.] chofen ; taken by preference from other ihingj piopofed as cbjecls of choice ; chofen to fupply an ofHce or place, but not yet in pOiTefiion. " The bifhop ekEi takes the oaths." AjVxffe, Put after the fublUntive in tftis fenfe. ELE'CTION, S. \jkElioi Lat.] the aft of choofing a perfon from other competitors to difcharge any office or employ ; choice. Fi- guratively, the power of choofing; the pri- vilege of elefting a perfoR to difcharge an employ 5 the ceremony of a public choofing of a perion to difcharge an employ. In Divi- nity, the (late ot a perfon who is chofen by God as an object worthy of his favour, or fit tor his merrv, FLE'CTI'E, Adj. exerting the power of choice; re^iulated, beftowed, or conferred by free choice or votes. ELE'CTIVLLY, Adv. by choice 3 with preference of one to another. ELE'CTOR, S. one who has a vote in the choice of an officer ; a prince who has a voice in the choice of the emperor of Germany. ELECTORAL, Adj. having the title, dignity, and privilege of an elector. ELE'CTORATE, S. the territory, domi- nion, or government of an eletlor. ELE'CTRIC, or ELEC 1 RICAL, Adj. having the power of attrafting by friftion, or without magnetifm ; produced by an elec* ' trie body. ELECTRrCITY, S. a virtue or property in lome bodies, whereby they will attra^ others when excited by attrition er fiiflion. To ELE'CTRIf Y, V. A. to communicate Ol endue with the eledric virtue. To ehRnfy fl'ii, is to communicate a greater degree of Che eleftric ma:ter to a thing, than it natu- rally poffeffes. To thSrify minus, is to ex- hauft the ele£lrical matter from a fubftance which is fully charged with it. To ELEC TRI'SE, V. A. to communicate the eleftrical power to any fubftance that has it noi, or has it to a lefs degree. ELE'CTUARY, S. \ekauar\um, Lat.] a medicinal compofition made to the confiftencc cf a •onfcrve, ELE'. E L E ELE'GANCE, or ELE'GANCY. S. [tie- gJiiria, Lat.J a fyinmetry of parts whkh ra- ther fooths th-n pleafcs/and carries with i; rather the idea of neatncfs than beauty. EL'EGANT, Adj. [.•/^■^iiri, Lat.] pleafing, or caufing pleal'ure by meaacr beauties-j neaij Slice. ELE'GANTLY, Adv. in fuch a manner « to pleafe by neatnefs and exaflnefs. ELE'GIAC, Adj. [elcgiacus, Lac.j ufed in el;gies ; mmirnful ; (orrowful. ELE'GY, S. [eJegui, Lat.j a poem written oa lome mournlui fubjeft; a poem on any fubjed wrote in a fimple, plantive flile, with- out any points or turns ; a funt-ra] Tone. E'LEMENT, S. [^Jemenfur^r, Lm.} the firft or conftitucnt principle out of which any tiling is made ; a pnnrip'e into which any thing is relolved, and which will adnnic (a RO further refolll^ion. The elenen/s of the Ferif>a!elics are, fire, water, air, and eaith, of which (hey imagine all things to be coiTipofed. The Cartcfian.s hold three elements, thefr utatir'ta Jubtilis, and two others of a denfer kind. The chemical elements -are itvtn, thofe of the Peripatetics, to which they add fclt, fulphur, and mcrcuiy. Figuratively, the letter of any language j the loweft or firft jtudiments or grounds ot any art or fcience. To ELE'AIENT, V. A. to compound of elements. " In thofe, faid to be tlementtd tadiss." ELEMENTAL, Adj. compofed of, or jBoduced by. fome of the elements j arifing t'lcm fome fitft principle. ELEME'NTARy. Adj. uncompounded; Umple^ without tr.ixture ; having only one principle or element for Its eflence. E'LE.MI, S. in Pharmacy, improperly call- erf a gum, but, in reality, a tranl'parent refin, of a whitifh colour, intermixed v/ith yel- lowilTi particles, very otten of the col'-'ur and confi.'tence of wax. Jt is fuppofed to be pro- daced from a tall tree of the olive ki.nd, an J is broupht in tiattiih or cylindrical malies from Ethiopia. EfL£PHANT,*S. lihpbas,Ut.'] in Na- tural Hiflory, the largeft of all the quadru- pede or foitr-foored animals. _ ELEPHANTIASIS, S. [Lat.] in Medi- cine, a frecies of leprofy, fo called from cover- ing the ikin with incruftations, like tlioie on the hide or an elephant. ELEPHA'NTINE, Arij. [chphartinus, I.at.j pertaining or belonging to an elephant; partaking of the qualities of an elephant. Likewifc a title given to certain books among the Romans, which contained an account of the aftions of the emperors, and the laws made by the fenate ; fuppofed to be fo callru, either from their vaft fize, or their being com- pofed of ivory. ToE-'LEVATE, V. A. {tU'-aiut, Lat. ot tlcvo. La'. J to raifc aloft, on h;gh, or at a difianu liom the ground j ta exalt or (^ig-^a thicker cor.Hltence than a. tiii£ture ; the cxtra^ ELI nify ; to raife the mind with great and fuS- limei.icas ; to elate, or make proud. E'LEVATED, Part, or Adj. raifed or fitUdtcd on high. ELEVATION, S. {ih-vafio, Lat.] the aft of ra;fmg on high. Exaliation, applied to dignity., or preferment, i'he raifing the thoughts to contemphte lofty and fublime lubjcds. In Aflronomy and Geography, the height of any objedl above the horizon. In Architedure, a draught of the principal fide or face of a l.uiiding, called its upright. In PerlpeiStive, a drauglu or reprefcntation of the whole body of a building. In Gunnery, the angle which tlie chafe of a piece of ordnance, or the axis of its hollow cylinder, makes with ihs plane of the lioruoa. ELEVA'TOR, S. [Lat.] a raifer or lifter up. ELE'VEN, Adj. [endlufan, andlefan. Sax. tiiefny HI. aUi-vn, Run. elf, Belg. tyiff, Teut.J one more than ten j twice five, and one added. ELE'VENTH. Adj. {tndlujta, tniUfta, (Cr.iyfta, alyfta, Sax. from an, one, and lyfian. Sax. remaining, or over and above] an oidinal, exprcriing the ntxt in order beyond the tenth. ELF, S. [plural eh'ei ; for moft nouns ending in /, in the fingular, change the f into 1-is in the plural ; from e'tlf Brit, alf, S.;X. alp, Teu; a.f, Belg.] a wanuenng fpint, tiequemii^g folitary places, a faijy j an evil Ipirit or devil. E'LFISH, Adj. [from thes, the plural of elf\ belonging to the elves, or fairies. To ELKCIT, V. A. {elic'itum, of eliclot Lat.j to ftrike, find out, or diicover by dine of labour and art. ELPCiT, Adj. [elichus, Lat.] brought from a ftate of bare pulTiQility to that of real exiftence ; broii«;ht into aft j internally aftedj exerted by the will. ELICI TATION, S. [tlidtuiy Lat.] in the Schools, a dedudlmg er bringing the power of the will into a£t. ELIGIBPLITY, S. worthinefs of being chofert. E'LIGIBLE, Adj. [*%;i;/?i, Lat.] fit to be cholcn 3 worthy of choice; preferable; pof- lefling all thofe qualities and excellencies, which are fufficient to fet a thing above others, and recommend ir. ELl'SION, S. lelifia, Lat.] in Grammar, the cutting oft a vowel or fyllable in a word, PS " in th' atterpt,'"'' where e is cut ofF, be- caufe coming before a vowel j this is called fynaiajpha, frequently praftifed in Engliih poe- try, and always obferved in Latin verfe. A divi- fion, cutting, dividing, attenuating, or a repa- ration of parts. " An elifion of the air." Bac. ELI'XIR, S. [c/.f/r, Arab, an artificial extraction of lomc ellencej a medicine made by ftrong infufioQ, v^here the ingredients are aimoft diilblveJ in the menftruucn, and give it E L O extra£l: «r qulnteflencc of any tWng ', any cordial or invtgoraling fluid or i'ubftance, ELK, S. [<r/f, SiX. alee, Lat.] a large and ftately animal o the ftag kind- The princi- pal hunting of the lavages of Canada confifts ■1 the purfuit of this animal. ELL, S. {Uomde, Sax. tine, ox elk, Belg. /, elk, ellen, Tcut. aulne, Fr. alna, Span. ulna, Lat.] a long mealure, containing 40 inches, 16 nails, or five quarters of a yard. The Flemifli ell contains only three quar- ters, or iz nails, and the French fix quarters or 24 nafls. ELLITSIS, or ELLE'IPSIS, S. [E>vXEilif, Or. a deficiency] in Grarrimar, or F-hetotic, a figure by which fomething left out in a fentence, is to be fupplied by the reader or hearer. In Geometry, a regular continued curve line, including a fpace, which is longer than hlfcad, vulgarly called oval. ELLI'PTIC, or ELLl'PTICAL, Adj. hav- ing the form of an elliglis ; of an oval form. ELM, S. [Sax. elm-iree, Dan. cclme, Belg. trme, Fr. ultnut, Lat.] in Botany, Tournetort ranges it in the 3d left, of his 20th clafs, and . Linnaus in the ^d fcft. of his 5th clafs. ELOCU'T ;0;C, S. [eloamo, Lat.] the power of expreliing one's ideas with fluency of fpeech j eloquence j the power of expref fion or diflion j the choofing and adapting words and fentences to the things or fenti- ments to be expreffed. ELO'GY, S. [eloge, Fr. lu, well, and Xoyi'j), Gr. to fpeak] praife or panegyric be- fiov/ed on a perfon on account of his merit. To ELO'NGATE, V. A. [longus, Lat.] to ftretch 5 to lengthen or draw out, applied to the furface or dimenfions of a thing. Neuter- ly, to go farther off from a thing pr place ■ ELONGA'TION, S. the aft of ttretching or lengthening ; the ft^te of a thing ftretched In Aftronomy, the digrefiiun or recefs of a planet from the fun, with refpeft to an eye placed on our ear h. Ufed by feme for the diflference of motion between the fwifteft or flowed of tvio planets, or the quantity of fpace which the one has gone bcy-ind the other. To ELO'PE, V. N. [iuopen, Belg. to run] te run away ; to break looie ; to efcape from law or reflraint. In Law, to quit or leave a bufband. ELO'PEMENT, S. departure, or with drawing from juft reftraint, or lawful power. In Law, the voluntary dtp.irture of a wife from a hufl].ind, who, providing theelopement fiibfifts for twelve months, is liable to lofeher dower, or jointure. ELO'QUENCE, S. [eloquentla, Lat.] the art of fpeaking with elegance, fo as to move the afleftions ; the power of fpeaking with fluency J a figured and elegant ftileor diftion, adapted to warm the imagination, and move the paflions. ELO'QUENT, AJj. [eloqtfeii, Lat.] hav- ing the power of fpeaking with elegance. E M A fluency, and in fuch a manner as to move the paflions. ELSE, Pron. [elks. Six.] other; one bc- fides that which is mentioned. ELSE, k'iv. otherwife j excepting the per- fon or place mentioned. ELSE'WHERE, Adv. in fome other place} in any other pljce. To ELU'CIDATE, V. A. leluddam, Lat.] to caft light upon a ditEcult or intri- cate fubjeft 5 to explain ; to clear ; to make cleir. " To elucidate, a little, the matter.'* Boyk. ELUCIDA'TION, S. the aft of rendering a difficulr (ubjeift plain ; an explanation. El.UClDA'TOR, S. a perfoii whoexpljtinj difficiiltie'i ; a comnxentator. To ELU'DE, V. A. [e!udo,Lit.[ to efcape by ftr.tagem ; to avoid any milchiif or danger by artifice ; to moi k or difappojnt the expec- tation by an unforefeen efcape, ELU'DIBLE, Adj. pofl"ible to efcape by artifice; poflibleto be defeated ordifappointed. ELU'SION, S. [elufio, Lat.j an artifice which is concealed from the knowledge of another ; a fraud. ELU'SIVE, Adj. ufing artifice to efcape or avoid. •• ELU'SORY, Adj. fraudulent. To ELU'TRIATE, V. A. [elutrlalus, of elutrio, Lat. J to ftrain. " Elutriating the blood as it pafles through the lungs." fVifem. ELY'SIAN, Adj. lelyfm, Lat.] pertaiAing to elyfium ; pleafant j delicioufly foothing j exceedingly delightful. ELYSIUM, S. [Lat.] in the Ancient Mythology, a place in the lower world, fur- nilhed wiih pkafant fields, lEfr. and fuppofed to be the receptacle for the fouls of tiie de- paited. To EMA'CIATE; V. A. [err.adatm, from emacio, Lat.j to mak'- a thing wafte, or grovir lean. Neuterly, to grow lean ; to pine; to wafte away. EMACIATION, {emaciatui, Lat.] the aft of making lean ; the ftate of a perfon grown lean, wafted away, or in a conlumption. E'MANEN T, Adj. [emanant, Lat.j iffu- ing or flowin» from fomething elfe. EM.-VNA'TION, S. [emanatia, Lit.] the afl of proceeding or flowing from fomething elfo ; that which flows from fubftance, like effluvia. EMA'NATIVE, Adj. [manatus, Lat.] ifluing or flowing from. To EMA'NCIPATE, V. A. [emandfa- turn, fupine of emaricipo, Lat.] to fet free from flaverv of any fort ; to reftore to liberty. EMANCIPATION, S. the aft of fetting free 5 deliverance from flavery. ToEMA'SCULATE, V, A. [emafculatum, fupine of emajculo, Lat.] to deprive of that property which dillinguiflies the two fexes ; to caflr ite, or geld ; to render foft, effemi- nate, or womaniihi EMA'S- E MB TIMASCULA'TION, S. the aft of ca- firating ; efleminacy ; a fofc and luxurious habit. To EMBA'LM, V. A. [embaumer, Fr.] to impregnatT a dead body with gums and fpices to prevent its putrefying. EMBA'LMER, S. one who preserves the bodies of the dead in fuch a manner as to pre- vent their putrefying. EMBA'LMING, S. the preparing the bo- dies of the dead fo as to prevent their putre- faflinn. EMBA'RGO, S. [eir.bar^an, Span.] a pro- hibition or reftraint laid upon veffels by a fo- vereign, whereby they are prevented from go- ing out, or from entering into a port, for a certain time. To EMBA'RK, V. A. [eml>ar^uer,Tr.] to put on board, or into a fliip. Figuratixtly, to engage another in an affair. Neuterly, to go on ihip-board. Figuratively, to engage as a party in an affair. EMBARKA'TION, S. [from embark] the aft of putting on board a fhip ; the aft of go- in? on board a fhip. To EMBA'RRASS, V. A. [emharrapr, Fr.] to perplex or confound a perfon with an affair of difficulty and trouble. EMBA'RRASSMENT, S. [from emb::r- rafs] perplexity, or confufion, arifing from fome difficult affair, fubjeft, or undertaking. To EMBA'SE, V. A. [from ia/sj to de- prave, or lelTen the worth or quality of a thing; to degrade or vilify. EMBA'SS ADOR, or EMBASSA'DOUR. See AMBASSADOR. EIvlBA'SSADRESS, S. a woman fent on a public meflaae. EM'B ASS AGE, or EM'B ASS Y, S. a mif- fion of a perfon from one prince to another, in order to treat of affairs rchting to their ref- pedtiveltates. Figuratively, any folemn mef- fage; an errand or meffige in an ironical fenfc. To EMBA'TTLE, V. A. to range in bat- tle arrsy. To EMBA'Y, V. A. [from %] to inclofe in a bay or port. " If not irifhelter'd or cm- tayedf thev're drown'd." Shak, To EMBE'LLISH, V. A. {mbclUr, Fr.] to adorn ; to beauiily j to grace or fet out with crnamcnts. EMBE'LLISHMENT, S. ornament ; any thing which gives a grace to the perfon or mind. EM'BERS, S. [plural ; not ufed in the Cnguhir, from a.m\rion, S.ix. afhes, tyn»:yriii, Ifl. hot afhes, or cinders J v. ood or coals h.<ll burnt, and not extinguiflitd ; aflies which re- tain fire, though not vifible on their furface. EM'BER-VVEEK, S. {ymlren, Sax. cir- cular days, btcaule they returned periodically four times a year. Skinner dciivcs it fiom tmlcn, bccaufe it was a leafon for falling, when it was ufual to fcaiter jpa on the head J the tiir.e fet apart by the Church for public E M B orifinat'ons, at the four feafons of the year ; wherein fome ember day falls, -vlx.. \ht Wed- nefday, Friday, and Saturday, after the fiiil Sunday in Lent ; the feaft of Pentecoft ; Sep- tember the i4-h, and December the 13th. To EMBE'ZZLE, V. A. [perhaps de- rivtd from a corrupt pronunciation of imbecilf Fr. j to turn to one's own ufe what belongs to, a.id is intrufted by, another. Figaratively, to wafte \ to ronfume in riot ; to fquander. EMBE'ZZLEMENT; S. the aft of malt- ing u.'"e of what belongs to, and is intrufted by, another. Figuratively, the thing diliio- nedly made ufe of. To EMBLA'ZE, V. A. [i/<./o««r, Fr.] to adorn with glittering ornaments. Jn He- raldry, to blafon or paint a coat of armour. To EMBLA'ZON, V. A. [btajjlnntr, Fr.] to adorn with bearings in hciaidry. Figura- tively, to de.k in gawdy colours j to difplay with pomp an^l oftentation. EMBLE'M, S. E,uCx>i/ixa, [from E/x?aXXw,' Gr. J inlay; any thing infcrted in another j an hieroglyphical device or piflure, reprefent- ing lome hiflory, or moral inftruftion. EMBLEMA'riC,orEMELEMA'TICAL. Adj. containing an emblem ; or conveying fome truth under an hieroglyphical or piftural defcription. EMBLE.M A'TICALLY, Adv. after the form ot an emblem, riddle, or hieroglyphic ; in a figurative or allegorical manner. EMBLEMATIST, S. a writer or maker of emblems. EM'BOLISM, S. [from =>?«>.X<«, Gr.] in Chronology, the addition of a certain num- ber ot days to make the lunar year, which is but 354 days, equal to the folar, which it 365. Figuratively, the days which are added, or intercalated. EM'BOLUS, S. the moveable part of a pump, or lyring", named likewile tiie pifton, and by the vu]j;ar, tkcjuc'-'er. To E.MBO'JjS, V. A. [from iofi, Fr. a protuberance] to form into knobs, protube- rances, or unevenneHes ot furface. Figura- tive'/, to adorn with embroidery, or other raifed work. In Carving, to form in relievo. In Hunting, to inclofe in a thicket, irom em- icfcinc, Ital. To hunt a deer hard, I'o as to make it foam at the mcuth, or run a hound lo hard, as to make his knees fwell. EMBO'SSMENT, S. any thing jutting, or Ifanding out. In Carving, relievo, or fi- gures which (l-and cut beyond the ground, and Iv/ell to the f:ghr. To EMBO'TTLE, V. A. [from en, Fr. in, and bottle] t» inclofe in a bottle; to bot- tl-. " Some lirmcft fruit ««icf?jW." Phtlips, To EMBO'WEL, V. A. to take out the bowels or entrails of any creature. To EMBRA'CE, V. A. [et^tirafer, Fr.] to hold or ciafp fondly in the arms. Figu- ratively, to feize on eagerly ; to make ufe of, and accept willingly. ** You embrace th' occafion." E M E occafion." Shak, To admit ; to receive or aiTenC to as truth, applied to the mind. " What is there he may not embrace for truth." Locke. EMBRA^'CE, S. a fond clafp, or bug. EMBRA'CEMENT, S. the aft of cncir- 'ling and fondly preflinp a perfon with one's rms. Figuratively, ths ftate of a thing con- iained, or encoitipaired by another ; conjugal arelVes and endearments, EMBRA'CER, S. the perfon who chfps T.other fondly within his arnns. EMBR ASSURE, S. [Fr.J in Fortification, ihe hole or aperture, through which cannon ire pointed, either in cafemates, batteries, or in the parapets of walls. To EM'BROC ATE, V. A. {i-A^iX""' ^r.] to fprinklej to rub any dife.ifcd part with medical liquors. " To embrocate her arm." EMBROCATION, S. the aft of rub- bing any difeafed part with medical lif|Uor ; the lotion with which any difeafed part is rubbed. To EMBROI'DER, V. A, [hroder, Fr.] to border wi(h ornaments ; to adorn lilk, vel- vet, or other ftuft' with ornaments, vyrought with a needle, either in gold, filver, lilk, or thread of the fame colour. EMBROI'DERER, S. one who works a thing wiih flowers, or other cruamems, of raiffd needle-work. EMBROI'DER Y, S. the enriching with figures wrought with the needle ; figures raifed or wroiigh: on a ground with a needie. Fi puratively, the different colours which adorn the fields in fummer. _ To EMBRO'IL, V. A. [brouUkr, Fr.] to diflurb J to fet perfons at variance; to excise quarrels j to involve in confufion and trouble by civil difcord and ciimmotion. '^ EM'BRYO, orEMB'RYON, S. [iy-^^vxy. Or.] the firft rudiments of an animji whii.h is nut come to its ftate of perfed\iun. \n Bo- tany, the gr*in, or feed of a plant, or liiejsm or firft fptoiit appearing out of th^: feed, Fi guTdtively, the ilate of any thing not finifhed or come to maturity. EMEN'OaELE, Adj. [Uom ewendo, Lat.] capable of being maJe better by change or al- teration. EMENDA'TION, S{emerdiitui, Lot.] the aft o! making a tiling better by alteration, change, or co'reclion ; an alteration made in die reading of an author by a critic. EMEND.VTOR, S. [Lat ] one who im- proves, or renders a thing belter by alteration or correthon j a corndor. EME'KALD, S. [emevaudc, P'r. xamiKorod, Axi'^. fmerahlo; i\.A, jmaragduSyhal. \ in Na- tural Hiftory, a precious (lone, .jl'ual'y of a very brifcht and naturally poliihrd iuvtice, A ways of a pure 'nd beautifu; grecn,wi'houc ad- mixture of any other colour, and of iil die va- rious ihadcs from the dacpell t\j the palcft, E M I To EME'RGE, V. N. {mergo, Lat.] to rife out of any thing with which it is co- vered, or depreilsd ; to iffue, or proceed ; to rife from a ftaie of obfcurity, diilrefs, or ignor.ince. EME'RGENCE, or EME'RGENCY, S. the u£l of riling from any thing which co- vers i the atl of rifing from a ilate of ob- fcurity and diftrefs ; any priiiing necefli:y j a fuddeii occafion ; an unexpeded incident, EME'RGENT, Part, [emergens, Lat.] rifing from that which covers, conceals, ob- fcures, or deprefTes. Proceeding or iifuing from, ufed with//ci;«. Sudden, or preffiog, joined to occafiun, * EME'RSION, S. iWr/«j, Lst. ofewr^, Lat.] in Phyfics, the rifing of any folid above the lurface of a fluid into which it is vioiantly thruft. In Aftronorny, the appearance of a (lar, after its having been oafcurcd by too near an approach to the fun ; or alter having been eclipfej or hid by the interpofition of the moon, earth, or orher body. E'MERY, S. \tmtr'il,Yt fmyris, Lat. cr.utJ- fi;, of cjj.av, Gr. to clean] in Natural Hjf- cory, an iron ore, of a diirtcy brownish red on the furface, ufcd in clean ng and poi:fliing ■ ftcel, grinding an edge to tools, and by lapi- darie- to cut their (tones with. EME'TiC, S. [e/.*£«, Gr. to vomit] a re- medy winch excises vomiting. EMETIC, or EMETIC AL, Adj. having the oHality of provoking vomits. EME/TICALLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to provoke to vomit. To EMIGRATE, V, U~[emigratus, Lat. of emigro, Lat.] to remove from one place ta •another. EMi'NENCE, or EMI'NENCY, S. [em/- ■nent'ia, Lat.] loftinels j height from the ground upwards; the fummit, or higheft part ot a ihinji. Figurativtiy, exaltation; prefer- ment ; fame ; or the ifate of being cxpofed to public view and notice ; a fopreme or fupcrior dffgree, " Whoever pure thou in the body enjoyeR — we enjoy — in eminence.^' l-'ar. Lojl, A I tie or dignity and honour, peculiar to car- dinals ; hence it is ufi.d for refpeft, notice, reverence, or all the fubmiflions due to lupe- rior rank. " Prtjfent him em'wence both with eye and tongue." Shak. i-MPNENT, Part, [emlnens, Lnt.] high, lofty, applied to fituJtion. Figuraiively, ex- alteri, preferred, or confpicuous on account of place, rank, or merit. LMl'KEN I'LY, Adv. conipicuoufly ; in fuch a manitcr aseo attradt notice ; in a high di'gre.;, EIvSi'SSARY, S, [orifiriui, low Lat.] one lent out on private inelisges ; a fpy, or fectet ajcnt. in Aniiemy, ilia' which emits, or lends out : the lame as excretory. Eivll'..S10N, S. [eimfii, L^t.] the aft offending out; vent; the adl of throwing or drawing i ihinC) paniculaily a fluid, from within E M P within outwards ; the expulfion or ejeftion of the feed. To E'MIT, V. A, [etnitio, Lat.] to drive outwards; to dart ; to lend torih. In Law, to iffue out according to the form prefcribed. EMME'NAGOGUES, S. [i,ufxwct, Gr. the monthly courl'es, and aycu, to drive, or lorcej medicines that promo'.e the courU*. EMME'T, S. [ameiic:, Sax.] See ANT. EMO'LLIENT, 'Part, or A-j. [mor'/ienj Lat. J foltening, or rendering piisble. EMO'LLIENTS, S. in Medicine, fuch remedies as flieath the acrimony of humour, and at the fame time foften and fupple the folids, EIvIO'LUMENT, S. [ewduwemufr, Lat J profit arifing from an office or employ j gain, or advantage. EMO'TiON, S, [Fr.] a violent ftruggle or diflurbance in the mind ; a flrong and ve- hement fenfstion, or paffion, excited either fay a pieafing or a painful ohjeft. To EMPA'LE, V. A. [w/-a.'t'r, Fr.from palus, Lat. a pale or ftakej to fortify, inclofe, or defend. EMPA'LEMENT, S. in Bo-any, the cup or outmoft part of a llowcr, which encom- palfes the oetcils, or the foliation of the at- tiie. See'lMPALEM-ENT. ■ EMPA'NN£i.r S. [from panre, Fr. a /kin or parchment] the writing or entering the names of a jury in a parchment by a flierid". To EMPA'NNEL, V. A. to fummon a perlon to leive on a jury. EMPA'RLANCE, S. [from ;'jr/<r, Fr.] in Law, motion or defire for a day of relpite, to conficer of the refult of a caufe; the con- ference of a jury in a caufe committed to them . EMPA'SM, S. [ey.Kas-f^a, of tfji.7icL^Tx, Gr. to fprinklej in Pharmacy, a powcer fprinkled on a body, to correft fome ill fmell. To EMPA'SSION, V. A. to move with a firong aftVclion or palTion ; to exciie the pai- fions vehemently. " The tempte,-, all em fajjiond, thus began." Par. Loji, EM'PEROR, S. [ewpereur, t"r. impeyator, Lat.] an ablolute monarch, or fupreme com- tnander of an empire. EM'PERY, S. \_iwper\um, Lat. empire, Fr. the command of an emperor 5 fcvereign com- mand 5 empire. " Your rights of birth, your trupery.'"'' Hhak, EMPHASIS. [Gr.] in Rhetoric, a force, ftiefs, or energy in exprefiion, aifion, or gef- ture. In Grammar, a remarkable ftrefs of the voic placed on any vv'ord or fyllable. EMPHA'TIC, or EMPH.VTICAL, Adj. forcible, ftrong, ftriking, or of great energy j ftriking the fight. EMPHA'llCALLY, Adv. ftrongly, for- cibly ; full of energy, power, or fignificancy ; fpoken with a great rtrels of voice. According to appearance, oppofed to rea!ity,from t/^'jj.-.ww E M P EMPHYSE'MATOUS, Adj. ffrom 7/4!^- !rn,uc, Gr.] bloated ^ fwelled } pufted up. EMPIRE, S. [Fr. from imperium, Lat.] the territory or extent of land under the iuril- didtion or command of an emperor ; imperial power ; fovereign authority or command ; command over any thing. EMPJ'RIC, S. {!iA.m^iy.<^, Gt.] one whofe fkijl in medicine depends purely en practice and experiment, without any deduc- tions of reafon Irom the nfiechanicil operation of med'.cines, or the nature, caufe, and eft'edls of difcafes i'a quack. EMPl'RlC,"cr EMPPRICAL, Adj. deal- ing, or verfed in experiments. Belonging to^ or rcferabling a quack. EMPlPvl'CALLY, Adv. after the man- ner of a quack, or one wiiu is not regularly bred to phylic. EM'PiRlClSM, S. quackery. EMPLA'STER, S. [£n,plajirum,l.ai. t;^- 7r'ha(r^ov, Gr.J in Surgery, a medicine of a fhfF, glutinous confidence, compofed of feveral in- izredicnis, fpread on paper, linen, or leather, and applied exterrialiv. lo EMPLA'STER, V, A. to cover with a plafter. EMPLA'STIC, Adj. vifcousj glutinous; fit to be applied as a plafter. To EMPLE'AD, V. A. [from plead] in Law, to indidt, accufe, or prefer a charge againft. To EMPLO'Y, V. A. [emfloler, Fr,] to fet a perfon about a thing ; to keep at work or exe.'cife ; to ufe as an inftrumenc or mc-ns, or materials ; to commiflion, or intruft with the management of an affair ; to fiii up time with ftudy or undertaking 5 to pafs or fpend in bu- fine.'s. EMPLO'Y, S. the onjeft which engages the mind, or is the fubjett of adlion ; a per- fon's trade, bufinefs ; a public office. EMPLOYABLE, Adj. capable of being ufed J fie to be applied or ufed, " Thefe ob- je£ts — feem employable againft this hypothefis." Boyle. EMPLO'YER, S. one who fets a perfo* about any undertaking; one who ufes, or caufes a thing to be uled. EMPLO'YMENT, S. bufinefs ; the ob- ject of labour or induftry ; a perfon's trade, office, or poft ; an affair intruftsd to the ma- nagement of another. To EMPOl'SON, V. A. [enipoifofiir,Tr.'} to deftroy by poifon, venom, or any deadly of mortal drug ; to taint v/ith poifon. Figura- tively, to deprave the ideas or principles of a perfon by bad advice, or feditiotis counfels. EMPOl'SONER, S. one who deftroys ano- ther by poilon. EMPO'ISONMENT, S. the pradice or a(fl of deftroying by poifon. " It were dan- gerous tor fecret empcijom/ients.^'' baccn. EMPORE'TIC, Adj. [tfxvo^iltxw, Gr.] thai which is fold at common markets ; be- longing E M P Innging to goods, commodities, or me.'chan- dice. EMPO'RIUM, S. [ty-iroficv, Gr.] a place of merchandize; a great city or matket-town vvhick has conimunicaiion with the Tea, and carries on foreign trade. To EMFO'VERISH, V. A. [fiau-vre, Fr. poor] to mal'.e poor. Figuratively, to render a foil urfer-tile or barren. EMFO"/ERISHER, S. the aft of .-xhauft- ing money ; the caul'e of poverty. The lef- fening richts, or fertility, when applied to ground or vegetables. To EiVIPO'WER, V. A. to give a perfon authority to tr<infa£t bu finefs, or carry on any undertaking. E'MPRESS, S. the wife of an emperor; a female who has the fovereig.i commano ever an empire. E'MPRIZE, S. [Fr.] anundertakingwhicb IS attended witn hazard ^nd danger, and fhews boldnefs. " Ambufh'd we lie, and wait the bold entprixc.'''' Far. Lojl. EMPTl'ER, S. one who makes anyplace or thing void by taking out that which was in it. EMPTI'NESS, S. without having any thing in it, applied ta fpscs, or vefiels. The ftate of a thing which has nothing in it. Fi- guratively, want of judgment or underftand- ing, incapacity to faiisfy one's wiihes ordefirer. E'MFTION, S. \emptio, Lat.J the aft of buyirvg ; a purchale. E'MPTY, Adj. having nothing in it. Void of body, applied to fpace, place, or any velFel. Not pofTefling, furnifhed with, or ufing; de- void. '* Incivility tiiou feem'ft (o empty ," i>hak. Unfdiiifd£tory J or unable to content the defiie or expefiation ; void of judgment or underftsnding ; vuid of fubftance, fol.dity, or real exiftence. To E'MPTY, V. A. to exhauft, drink up, take, or pour out whit.ver is contained in a veflel or rpcepiacle. To EMPV'RPLE, V. A. to make of a purple colour. *' En'tivrpPd with celeHial rofej," tar. Lafl, To EMPU'ZZLE, V. A. to perplex and confound the mind with a difficulty which it cannot folve or exphin. " It hath empuxxled the enquiries of others." Broivn. EMPYE'MA.S. [from tyand ttuov, Gr. pus or matter] in Medicine^ a colledlion of pu- rulent matter in the cavity of the breaft, which is difcharged therein on ihc barfting cf fome abfccfs or ulcer in the lungs, or mem- branes that inclofe the breaft. EMPY'REAL, Adj. [sutt-j^o;, Gr. fiery. Accented by Phillips on the laft fyllablej formed of ether, or pure and celeflial fire; belonginj to the highcft reeion of heaven. EMPYRE'AN, or EMPYRF'UM, S. the highed heaven ; the Icene of the bcuific vi £on, wherein the pure elemiut of fire ot ether is fuppoied ts exi^t. E N A ErvTPYRT;u/MA, S. [e/jLTtuiivofi Gr. te infiame, or kindlej in Chemiftiy, uleJ when, in boiling or diftilling, any thing bums to the bottom of the vefll', or aleinLic ; a fmell or tafie of burning. In Meoicine, the heal re-' moini.Tg upon ih-; declenfinn cf a ttver. To EMU'LATE, V. A. [amta'or, Lat.] to rival, Or propofe ; s an object lor imitation ;' to imitate with an endeavour to furpafs. I i-» guratively, to copy; to refemble ; to rife to an eauaiiiy with. EMULATION, S. {arrulatio, Lat.] a noble jealouly between pirfons, whereby they endeavour to furpafs cash other in virtue and excellence. EMU'LATIVE, Adj. inclined to contefl fupesioriy with another, either from a love of excellence, or a principle of envy. EMULA'TOR, S. [Lat.] or.e who en- deavours to furpafs another ill g&od qu;Jit;c3 ; one who envies another's fuccefs, or reputa- tion ; a rival. EMU'LGENT, Part, or Adj. [ymu/gttis, Lat.] milking cut, Ufed fubflantively, in Anitomy, applied to thofe aiteriea which bring the blood to the kidnies, and to thufe veins which carry wiiat is fupeif.uaui to the vena cava. EMU'LOUS, Adj. [^f?!u/us, Lat.] rivsl- llng ; contending with another for fuuerior.ty in lame, richc, intereft, or virtue. EMU'LOUSLY, Adv. in the manner of a rival, or competitor j with a dcfue of fur- pafTing anoher. EMU'LSION, S. [emu/p, Lat.J a fof*- liquid medicine, of the colour and conh/lencu of milk. EMUN'CTORIES, S. [plural, emurffo- riiim, Lat.] In Medicine and Anatomyj a part of the body v.'hercin (o.r.e humour, which is ufelsff, or nc^;ious, is feparatsd and col- lefted in readinefs for ejeftion, or e;;pulfion. EN, an infepavab'.e particle at the begin- ning of the wo'cs derived from the Fiench^ who borrowed it of (he Latin >n ; hence words are indifferently wrote with either, as they are fuppofed to be derive.! from cacii of thoie language?. At the end of words, it implies the matter out of which any thing is niif5-"> as a ivcider. bowl ; and is burrowed froaa the Saxon. To ENA'BLE, V. A. to make aSle, or give power fuffi«icat tor the perftrinin..e oi a thing. To ENA'CT, V. A. to do, af>, or per- form. " Ena^c'd woniets with his fword.' Shak, To play, or ait a cl-a.-adttr on the ftjge. " I did eKjfl f-Jeftor." ."^fjsi. Both thefe fenfes feem new o'jfole?.;. To make a law; to cftaM ill by law. " It is eraSied in the laws o! Venice." ^ hak. EN A'CTOR, S. on? who forms decrees ; one who founds or cilablifltes laws. ENA'LLAGK, S. (f cm eyaXXarfa), G-. to change] in Rhetonc, a figuie, whcreia EN C E N C the order of word? 'n a Sentence is inverted.lfljcr.ee, or can imparl an overpowering de- In G*tan-.mar, a figure whereby one part o» liuht. fpeecb, or accident of a word, is put tor ano- ther, as when a pronoun pofleliive is put for a ,reJ alive, or one mood or tcnle of a verb for another. ENA'MEL,S. a kind of metalline colour, by the Latins called er.cavfiuin, conf;fting of tlie fined crylla! glafs, made ot the beft kali, from Alicant, and fand vitrified together ; to which are added tin and lead in equal quanti- ties, calcined by a reverberatory fire, bciides other metaliic or mineral fubftances, intended to give ihem the colour required j any thing painted with enamel. To EN.4'MEL, V. A. to paint or a:1orn a thing with atnel, or enamel ; to lay colours upon a body, fo as to adorn and vary it. " Gooftiieft trees .ippeared with gay enaeiell<d colours mixt." Par. L^Ji. This ufc of ihe word is very elegant, and conveys an idea of the bsi'jtifu! poli/h, as wdl as the vivid colour of the fKiit. ENA'MELLER, S. one who paints in enamel. ENcA'MELLlNG, S. the aft of applying cnaroel of various colours on meials, t?f. ci ther after the method of painting, or by the lamp, cilled lihewifc the encaultic art, or en sauflic printing. To ENA'.MOUR, V. A. [from en. Fr. in, and afitiur, Ft. lovej lo raife the afled^sons or kjve o' a peiTon ; to make a perUn fond. EMARTHRO'SJS, S. [from ev, and a^b^av, Gr. a joint] in Anatomy, a joint wherein a loiind-headed bone enters inio a hollow ox cavity ; fucii is that of the luickle-bone. To J:NCAC% V, a. to fnut up or con fjni in a cage. To ENCA'MP, V. N. to pitch tent9, or fettle in a place lor a time, spplied to an army. A<f>ive!y, to form a regular camp. . ENCA'MPMENT, S. the atr of encamp- ing or pitching tent? 5 a camp, or teats pitclieo in proper order. To ENCA'VF, V. a. to conceal or hide aE in a cave. " Do but encavt you^ftU, a' n mark the fleers." Sha!;. ENCEl'NTE, S. [Fr.] zn endofure, or ground encloi'ed with a foititication. A mi litary term, introJuccd by nt.>.vs writers, bu' jiot yet nauialized by piopff authority. To ENCHA'iN, V. A. \enchaincr, Fr.] fo faOen with a chain. Figuratively, to confine, ©rkeep in bondage or confinement. To ENCHA'NT, V, A. [enchanter, ?i.] to fubdue or influence by magic or lorceiy j to delight irrtTiliibly. ENCHA'NTER, S. one v.'ho pradifes mn- gic or other fpells ; one who deligntyarpleafes irrefiftibly. ENCHA'NTINGLY, Adv. infuchaman ner as to attratt k)ve irrefiftibly. ENCHA'NTMENT, S. magical charms or fpells j that whick hw.^n iucfiilibk in- EN'CHA'NTRESS, S. a woman whoex- ercilcs magic, or fpells. Figuratively, a wo- man who'e beauty cannot be refifted. To ENCHA'SE, V. A. lencb^JJer, Fr,] to fet jewels in gold, filver, ^Sc. Figurative- ly, to adorn. " King Henry's diadem— er.cbas\i with all the honours of tire world." Shak. A beautiful metaphor ! To ENCI'RCLE, V. A. [from chde} to urround, encompafs, ot indofe in a ring or circle. ENCLI'TICS, S. ihCreek and LatinGram • mar, certain particles or fyllables joined to words, which when united feem to form but one word, and on that account remove or throw back the accent upon the foregoing fyl- lable, as t ? in Lat. dicufve ; yi in Gr. iyxyi. To EXCLO'SE, V, A. [enclos, Fr.J to part or furrcund common ground by a fence j to furround or encompafs on all fides. ENCLO'SER, S. one whoenclofes or parts oft any parcel of common ground by pales or other fences j any thing in which aaoiher is inclofed. ENCLO'SURE, S. the aa of encompaffing common ground with a fence; the appropria- tion of thi.Tgs which have been common 5 the fpace contained within any fence, or limits j ground inciyfed. ENCO'MJAST, S. [EyxM^iaf.!, Gr.] one who beilows praife on another j one who fpeaks in praife of another. LNCOMIA'STIC, or ENCOMIA'STI- CAL, Adi. containing, or befl:owing praife. ENC07.11UM, S. [t;ii fxioy, Gr.] an ad- vantageous reprefentation of the virtues and cxtellcncies of another j praife ; a panegyric. To ENCOMPASS, V. A. to enclofe j to furround on all fides j to fhut in ; to go round any thing. ENCO'RE, Adv, [Fr. pronounced atvrg- (ote\ again j over again. A word ufed at public ihews, to teftify the higheft approba- tion, and to defire the perfon to repeat the part. ENCOU'NTER, S. [encontrt, Fr.] in its primary fenfe, a combat, or fight between tW9 perfons onlv. Figuratively, a battle or at- t.ck, wherein enemies rufli with violence againft each o.her. Eager and warm con- verl'ation, relating either to love or anger. •' In the inilant of our tncounter,i after we bad fpoken the prologue of our comedy." to ENCOU'NTER, V. A. to go to meet; to meet face to face; toatt.ck an enemy; to meet with proofs. " We are encounitred with clear evidences." TiHotJ. To oppofe or engage with 5 to meet by accident or chaijce. " I am moft fortunate thus to eif counter you." Siij'f. XNCOU'NXERER, S. an enemy or anta- jonift in war. Figuratively, an adverfary or opponsnt.withrefjppft to opinions. END To ENCOU'RAGE, V. A. [pronounced trcurdge, from tncourager, Fr.J to animate, or Jeciprocally exhort to a pratlice ; to animate, or fupport the fpirltand courage of a perfon to undertake and accomplifh an affair j to coun- tenance j to fupply with authority ; or con- fidence. " This the judicious Hooker encou- rages me to fay." Locke. ENCOU'RAGEMENT, S, an incitement to any aftion, or praflice. Figuratively, fa- vour J countenance j fupport. ENCOU'RAGER, S. one who incites a perfon to do a thing ; one who favours or gives countenance to a perfon, or an under- taking. To ENCRO'ACH, V. N. to invade the right and property of anoiher ; to advance gra- dually and by fteahh to that which a peifon has no right to. ENCRO'ACHER, S. one who graduaJJy feizes upon the poflcfTions of another. ENCRO'ACHMENT, S. inlaw, an un- lawful trefpafs upon a man's grounds, or the aft of enclofing the ground of another to one's own ufe; extortion, or the infifting upon pay- ment of more than is due j a gradual feizure and leflening of the rights and privi!c£'js of another. To ENCU'MBER, V. A. [encumherer.YT.] to load ; to hinder or clog, by any weight, from a£lion, or from the free ufe of one's limbs. Figuratively, to embarral's and diftraft the mind by variety of difficulties : to load with, or bring to great difficulties by debts. ENCU'MBRANCE, S. any thing which js troublefome by its weight; an ufelefs addi- tion and burthen ) a burthen upon an eftate ; that which abates from the profits of an eftate : generally applied to debts and mort- ,gages. ENCYCLOPE'DIA, or ENCYCLOPE'- DY, S. [^iynvy-Xoirai^iia, Gr.J the circle of the fciences : applied by the Greeks to the feven liberal arts, and all the fciences, ENCYS'TED, Adj. [jturw, Gr.J enclofed in a bag. Encyjied tunwurs, in Anatomy, bor- row their name fiom a bag in which they are contained. END, S. [entie, Belg. Teut. Dan. and Ifl.] t'ne extremity of any thing, which is extended in length; the laft period or moment of time ; the conclufion, or laft part, applied to adlion or writing. A final determination ; conctu- fion of a debate ; death ; the caufe of a per- fon's death. " Either of you to be the other's end," Sbak. A piece or fragment, " Odd endt.^'' Shak. Dsfign ; purpole ; intention; ot the objedt of a perlon's defigns and ailions. yin end, is ufed inftead of on end, and fignifies upright, perpendicular, or ereft. " His hair ftands an end." Mofl an end, is ufed for com- monly, or at the conclufion of a thing. " SI ive that, ftill mcji an end, turns me to fhame." Sbak. To END, V, A, to petfeft, or finifh an END unJertaking ; to deftroy, or pUt to death, Neuteriy, lo come to a conclufion ; to ceafc j to conclude; lo lerrnindte. To ENDA'MAGE, V. A. to prejudice 3 to Ic/T, n the value of a thing ; to affett with lofs ; to fpoil, miicief, or 00 haim. To ENDA'xVCER, V. A. to expofe to danger, rifque, or hazard. To ENDE'AR, V. A. to make dear, cr beloveo. ENDE'ARMENT, S. any thing which cauies love ; the ftate of a perfon or thing which is beloved. ENDt'AVOUR, S. an attempt, trial, or exertion of power to perform any thing. To ENDE'AVOUR, V. A. to exert power m orcer to gain foir.e end; to make an at- tempt ; to try. ENDE'AVOURER, S. one who exerts power to attain feme end ; one who attempts or tries to do any thing. ENDE'CAGON, S. [iv?£h«, eleven, and yma, Gr. a corner] a figure having eleven lides. ENDE'MIAL, ENDE.'MIC, or ENDE'- MICAL, Adj. [ty and Uia<^, Gr. the com- mon people] peculiar to a country. Applied in medicine to a dileafe peculiar to a certaia country, or climate. To ENDI'TE, V. At to draw up, com- pofe, or relate, applied to hiftory. E'NDIVE, S. [Fr. hiybum, Lat.] in Bo. tany, a fpecies of fuccory. END'LESS, Adj. lendehas. Sax.] with- out coming to a conclufion. Without bounds, applied to extent, or Ipace. Without ceafmg, applied to adion. Cuntinual, or eternal, ap- plied to time. END'LESSLY, Adv. withont ceafing } without li.Tiits. _ END'LESSNESS, S. want of bounds or limits, applied to time, or fpace. END'LONG, Adj. with the end or point feremeft ; in a ftraight line. " Then (pur- ring, at full fpecd, ran endlong on." Dryd, END'MOST, Adj. farther off; at the fartheft end. To ENDO'RSE, V. A. [wr/r/fr, Fr. Ar- jum, Lat. the back] in Commerce, to wri e one's name on the back of a bill of exchange, or promifTory note, in order to pay it away, negociate it, or to difcharge the petfon wh > pays it Irom any future claim on account of i|t. ENDORSE'iVIENT, S. in Commerce, the aft of writing one's name on the back of a b:ll of exchange, to fignify thjt the contents are received, or to direft it to be paid to a per- fon mentioned. To END'OW, V. A. [endoudirier, Fr. in- doto, Lat. J to give a portion to a perfon ; to alii;;!! or alienate any eftate or fum of money to the fupport or maintenance of any charity, or any alms-hou'e. " Die and endoiv aa alms-houfe, or a cat." Paj^e. To enrich or adorn with any natural excellence. B b » ENDO'W. E N F INDO'WMENT, S. wealth beftowed on a perfon, or devoted to any particular ule j the fetting apart or fecurinj a ("urn of" money for the perpetual fupport of a vicar, or alms-houfe; the gifts of nature. To ENDU'E, V. A. [indao, Lat.] to fup- ply or furnifh with internal gifts, virtues, or excellencies. " Endue them with thy holy fpirit." Ccmmcn Prayer. To give u? a por- tion or dowry. " God hath endued me with an excellent dowry." Gen. ENDU'RANCE, S. continuance ; lafting- nefs 5 the a£l of fupporting or bearing troubles without complaint, or deje£lion. " Their fortitude was mofl: admirable in their patience and endurance of all toils." Temple. To ENDU'RE, V. A. [endurer, Fr. duro, Lat. J to furt'er, undergo, bear, or fupport. Neuterly, to laft, remain, or continue ; to bear patiently or without lefentme nt. " How- can I endure to fee the deftrodtion." EJlber, vlii- 6. ENDtr'RER, S. one thn hath ftrength to fupport any fatigue or hardfhip; one who is unaf^'efted with any hardlhip. END' WISE, Adv. on end ; upright, or perpendicular. E'NEMY, S. \cnemi, Fr. mmio, Ital. tn'i- Viicui, Lat.] one who IS of an oppolite fide in war ■■, one who oppofes the intereft or welfare cf another } one who has a flrong diflike to a perfon or thing. In Divinity, the foe of man- kind ; the devil. *' Defend us from the dan- ger of the enemy.'''' Common Prayer. ENERGETIC, Arij. [itiiyt-ruoi, Gr.] aiding fo as to perform or produce. A£lively, operative, or working. " A being eternally energetic."^ Creiv. E'NERGYjS. [vji^yua., Gr.] power in the abftraft, or confidered without being exerted, or brought into aftion ; power, force, or ef- ficacy. Aftion, ftrength, or force of expref- iion, applied to language. To ENE'RVATE, V. A. [enerfatus, of «««n/o,Lat.]to weaken ; to deprive of ftrength j to render effeminate. ENERVA'TION, S. the aft of weaken- Ing or rendering effeminate; the ftate of a perfon or thing whofe ftiength is lefiTeneri. To ENE'RVE, V. A. [enervo, Lat.J to weaken ; to lelTen force or ftrength \ to render effeminate. " Such objeft hath the pow'r to foften and tame fcvereft temper — Ener-ve, and with voluptuous hope diflblve." Par. Reg. ToENFE'EBLE, V. A. to weaken, or de- prive of ftrength. To ENFE'OF, V. A. \feoffamatum, low Lat.] In Law, to inveft with any title or pof- feflion. ENFE'OFMENT, S. in Law, the aa whereby a perfon is inverted with any dignity or pofteflion ; ihe inftrument or deed by which *ne is invefted with pofltflions. ENf ILA'DE, S. [FV.] a feae« or collec- E N G lion of things difpofed as it were in a l^raigh* line : hence in archite<£ture, an erfilade of doors, windows, or buildings, is fuch a dif- Cribution that they may all be feen in a direft line, or by looking ftrait forwards. In war, applied to ihofe trenches, £ff. which are rang- ed in a right line, and may be fwept or fcour- ed by the cannon lengthwife, or in the di» redlion of a line, and rendered defencelefs. A battery d'enflade, is that wherein the can- non fweep a right line. A port or command d'enJUade, a height from whence one may fweep a whole line at once. To ENFILA'DE, V. A. to pierce or fweep in a right line. " The avenues were enfiladed by the Spanifh cannon." Exped. to Cartlag. To ENFO'RCE, V. A. [enforcer, l-r.J to give flrength to ; toftiengthenj to fling with flrtngth, vi.ilence, or force. " As ftones— enforced from the old Afiyrian flings." Skak. To animate ; to incite to action ; to urge an argument ftrongly ; to compel to do a thing againft one's will 5 to prefs with a charge or accufation. " If he invite iis there, enforee him with his envy to the people." Shak. INFO'RCEDLY, Adv. by violence, or com-puhion, oppofed to I'oluntar'ily. " Thow do'ft it enforcedly.^' Shak, ENFORCEMENT, S. [from enforce] an aft of violence ; force offered ; compulfion. A fanftion, or that which gives force, applied to laws ; an evidence, proof, or confirmation ; a motive of conviftion ; a prc/Ting occafton, or exigence. " The leifute and enforcement of the time." Shjk, ENFO'RCER , S. one who caufes any thing by force, ftrength, or violence. To ENFR A'NCHISE, V. A. [(tOmfran- chij'e] to incorporate a perfon into a body po- litic ; to admit to the privilegesof a freeman j to free from flavetyj to free or releafe from cuftody ; to naturalize or adopt a foreign word, " Theftt words have been enfranehifd among us." ll'^attt. ENFR A'NCHISEMENT.S. the aft of in- corporating a perfon into any fociety or body politic ; a releafe from imprifonment or ilavery. To ENGA'GE, V. A. [engager, Fr.] f© give as a fecurity for, or be li;iblc to make good, a debt; to ftake or hazard. " Thofe that f;:^(2^f(f their lives for them." Hud. To bind a perfon by any obligation to efpoufethe caufe of a party; to bring into a party; to embark or take part in an afl'air ; to employ one's felf in an attempt ; to unite by fome at- traftion or amiable quality. " This huma- nity and good nature engages every body to him." Sfefl. No. 106. To encounter 3 to fight. ENGA'GEMENT, S. the aft of gi»Ing fecurity, or making a perfon liable to dif- charge a debt ; an obligation by promife, ap- pointment, or contraft ; affeftion or adhe- I rence to any party } employment of the atten- tion j E N G tlcn ; fight, conflict, or battle ; a ftrong mo- tive, arpumanr, inducement, or obligation. To ENGa'RRISON, V. A. to proted or defend as by a garrifon. " Nepiune wiih a flying guard doth crgirrifan her ftronglv." To ENGE'NDEK, V". A. Ungend'e, Fr.] to beget betwfen different fcxes. Figuratively, to form or produce ; to excite j tocaufe; to bring forth.' " Vice engenders fhame, and folly broods o'er grie;'." Frior. Neutcily, to be caufed or produced. EN'G1>5E, S. l^ng'w, Fr. irgegno, Ital. from ttt^en'uim, Lar.J a compound ioftrument confiding of a complication of mechanic pow- ers, fuch as wheels, fcrew.', levers, &c. unit- ed, asd corifpiring together to cftV£t the fams end j a military machine ; an initrument for cafiing vi-aier to great heights, in order to ex- tinguifli fires, ENGINE'ER, S. [_engheur, Fr. higeg- ttUre, Ital.] .one who makes or works at en- gines; an officer in the army, whofe employ is to infpefl: the works, attacks, defences, (S/c. to point and difcharge the great artillery. EN'GlNERV, S. the art of managing ar- tillery; artillery, or ordnance. To ENGi'RD, V. A. fpreter and part, paffive, e\girt'\ to furround, or compafs. *' My body round eight with mifery." Shak. ENG'L.AND, S. [pronounced Ingland, (a called from the Angles, who fettled in thefe parts in the year 449, and were fituated on the continent between tne Saxons and jatcsj the name given to that part of our ifiand, fouth of the Tweed, though fometimes extended fo as to include the whole ifland of Great Bri- tain. Whether we confider the extenfive nefs of iis commerce; the fertillity of its foil ; the improvements it has made in manniac- tures and arts ; the furprifmg works of ge- nius performed by its natives ; the number of its inhabitants ; the admirablenefs of its con- ftituticn, which takes in the advantages of all the forms of government, without any of their inconveniencies ; the charaifler it has b.>rne for military feats abroad, and exail diftribu- tion of juflice at home ; the liberty it gives to «very individual of performing the rites of religion without compulfion, and of forming them after their own inclination, without the leaft reftraint ; If we confider the progrels it has made both in the fciences and pi.lite aits; that it can boaft a Newton at the head of the philofophic tribe ; a Locke at the head of its roetaphyficians ; that a V/ren, a Joiies, and a Gibfon were its architects ; a Rneller, a Jer- V4S, a Pine are among its painters; a Stranjie, a Grignioo, and a Vertue were its engravers ; that a bh.ikefpear has been its dramatic writer; a Milton its epic poet ; a Pope has been ce- lebrated among the cultiv.itors oi its poetry; a Stanley, Boyce, and Furcel, were its inu- ficians ; a Harvey, a Sydenham, a Mead, a Slcane its phyficians; a Flamrtead, Hilley, and Bradley its afticnumers j a Tillo'.icn, E N H Stiningfleet, Bingham, Bull, and Warburton, its divines : Jf then we confider thefe only, and at the fame time remark it has always been a fcourge of tyrants, and a bulwark to the liberties of Europe, we mufl confefs, that this Ipot f^-ems highly favoured by Providence, and worthy of the charafter it has always borne among foreigners, who at the fame time as they praife, muft wiih to have been its natives. ENG'LISH, Adj. {Ergllfc, Sax.J belong- ing to England. Subftjntively, the language fpoken by the people of England; the natives of England. To ENGLU'T, V. A. [engkuter, Fr.] to fwallow up. " Engluts and fwallows other forrows." Shak, To glut ; to pamper, " Being once englutted with vanity." A^chatn. To ENGRA'FT, V. A. [gnffitr, Fr. gre£Un, Beig.J in Gardening, to take a (hoot from one tree, and inferc it into anbther, in fuch a manner, as both fiiall unite, and grow together. ENGRA'FTING, S. In Gardening, the a£l of taking a flioot frim one tree, and infert- ing it into the froik of another, in fuch a manner as both flj:.ll unite, grow together, and bear fruit. ToENGRA'JL, V, A. [horn gn'e, Fr, hailj in Heraldry, to teprtfent a thing with its edges ragged or notched circularly, as if lomething had fallen on and broken it: it differs from indented, becaufe the edges are in that in a ftraight line, but in this femicir- cular. To ENGRA'IN, V. A. to dye dicp; to dye in the grain. To ENGRA'VE, V. A. [engra-ver, Fr.] to cue copper, iron other metals, or ftone, fo as to reprefent figures thereon. Figuratively, to make a deep impiefTion on the mind. ENGRA'VER, S. one who cuts figures on metals, marble, or (Ion s. ENGRA'VING, S. the aft or art of cut- ting metals or precious ftnnes with a tool cal- led the graver, in order to repiefent figures or other ornament? ihcreon. ToENG RG'SS, V. A. [grr.fflr, Fr.J to feize upon the whole of any thing; to puichaic or buy up any commodi y in order to fell it Jgjin at a>i advanced piice. In Law, to copy writ- ings, in a Ijrte hand, On parthment, ENGROSSER, S. he who purchafes large quantities of any ci^mmoJity, in l}r<^e:r to fell it at a high price ; one who feizes or appro- priates the whole ol any thing to hiinleif. ENGRO'SSMENT, S. an exoroiiant ac- qiiilition j tlie a<'t of entroaihiiig or leizing upon the whole o' 'ny thing. ToENHA'NCE, V. A. [hatifer, enhau^ fer, Fr. iiianxe, iiujnxire, Ital.j to raite the value or price o! a thin;.'; to heighten the efteem ar degree of any quality. ENH A'NCEiM ENT, S. incrcafe of efteem, of value, or of degree. B b 3 E NIO'Ma E N L E N O ENIG'M A, S. [eenlgma, Lat. ni'jiyfMit, Gr. J I To ENLI'NK, V. A. to join, to connect, » propofition delivered in obfoure, remote, and in like jnanner as the links of a chain are ambiguous term«, in order to puzzle or exer- /aliened to each other. ** Enlinkt to wafie cife the wit. ENIGMATICAL, Adj. of the nature of an enigma ; obfcurely, darkly, or ambiguoufly exprefl'ed; obfcurely or imperfedly conceived pr apprehended. " By adherence or dark en- igmatical knowledge." IIam>!:ci,id, To ENJQI'N, V. A. [pronounc&d cnjlre, with i long, from enjoindre, Fr.] to order: it implies fomething more authoritative than di- reci, fomewhat iefs than command, and includes the idea of fuperiority in the perfon requiring any thing to be done. ENJOl'NER, S. a perfon who gives di- reftions, including the idea of fuperior rank, pr authority. ENjOINMENT, S. the or-^er of a perfon ©f fuperior rank and authority. ToENJO'Y, V. A. [jouir, tn'joulr, Fr.] to feel a flow of joy in the fruition of a thing ; toobtain pofl'eflion of it ; to gladden, to delight, ufed with the reciprocal pronouns, hit/ifeif, &£. JJeuterly, to be ia fruidon, or pofleilioo j to live happily, ENJO'YER, S. one who has a thing in bis poiTeflion ; one who rpakes ufe of or re- ceives fatistaelion from the cofifcioufnefs of jafing or pofieiTing a thing. ENJO/yMENT, S. pkaftre arifing from pofTcfiion or fruition j polTetrion, ufe, or tru- tion. To ENKPNDLE, V. A. to fee on fire 5 to inflame ; to rojjfe or inflame the pafJions. ' To ENLA'RGE, V. A. to, make greater in quantity, dimenfions, quality, or appear- ance. Figuratively, to mike a thing aj pear greater than it is by reprefentation or diicourfe ; to magnify; to extend the capacity of the jnind ; to b? very minute in a defcription, or copious in fpeaking on a fu'-jedl ; to free from confinement or reftraint. Neuterly, to expa- tiate, or fpeak much on any fubjef^. 'ENLA.^R CEMENT, S. encreafe of di- jnenfion, quality, or degree ; releafe from con- finement ; a reprefentation of a thing beyond what it really is ; a magnifying defcription; a minute, long, and copious difcourie on a fub- jeft. " He concluded with an enlargeoient upon the vices." C'^rend. ENLA'RGER, S. one who encreafes any thing; one who magnifies a thing in dif- ^ourfe. To ENLI'GHT, V. A. to communicate light or knowledge, " VVii — enli^hn the prc- fent, and fhall warni the laft."" I'ope ■ To ENLI'GHTEN, V. A. to fupply with light. ' Figuratively, to fupply with know- ledge not before acquired, and lufiicient to clear up forne diiEculty, which was previoufly in- esplicaiile ; to chear, or gladden ; to lupply with ■< ereat perfeClicn of fight. ENLI'GHTENER. S. one that giveslight. FJjjut.itiyely, an inilrudor, " " - ' and defolalion." Sbak. To ENLI'VEN, V. A, to make alive. Fi- guratively, to inipire with new vigour ; to animate; to make fprightly or gay; to give 3 thine a gay and chearful appearance. ENLI'VENER, S. that which gives mo- tion, or communicates a£tion, fpirit, or vigour, to a perfon or thing. EN'MITY, S. ("from enemy, as if eremty, inimicitla, Lat.] a difpofition of mind whhh excites a perfon to contradirt and oppofe the intereftf, inclinations, or fentiments ; a ftate of irreconcileable oppofition ; malice. ENNE'AGON, S. [from £v.£a, nine, and j/ouvia, Gr.] a corner or angle] a figure having nine angles. ENNE'.'^TICAL, Adj. [from tnsa, Gr. nine] belonging to nine. In Medicine, en- fieaiicu/ days, are every nintb day of a ficknefs j and enneat'ual years, tvcty nintb year of a per- fon's life. To ENNCBLE, V. A. [ennoblir, Fr.] to raife a perfon to a higher rank, or from be- ing a commoner to be a peer. Figuratively, to communicate worth ; to dignify j to raife, exalt, or elevi'te. ENNO'BLEMENT, S. the aft of raifing to th» degree of a peer or nobleman ; a qua- lity which dignifies and exalts our nature; ele- vation exaltation, dignity. ENQ'RMITY, S. [from enormous] a de- parture from any rule or ftandard ; an irregu- larity ; a corruption. In the plural, ufcd for great crimes, or fuch as Ihew a great degree Qf villainy and guilt, ENQi-RMOUS, [enormis, Lat. of e aad norna, Lat. a rule or line] irregular ; not confined to any flated rule ; without reftraint. " Wild above rule cr art, enormous blifs." Par. Lojl. Exceedingly wicked ; exceeding the con.mon bulk, applied to fize, including the ideas ot diflike, horror, or wonder. " A torm enormous.^'' Pope, ENO'RMOUSLY, Adv, prodigicufly ; be- yond meafure. ENO'RMOUSNESS, S. excefs of guilt or vvickedneis. ENOU'GH, Adj. [pronounced enuff, from ger.rjgh, genog. Sax. gana'a, Goth, genoeg, Bel?. genug, Teut.] fufficient ; that which will anfwer any purpofe, wilh, or defign. " Room enough tor their h-rd." Locke, It Hiould be obfcrved, that though other a;^je£tives ate placed in Englifii before their lubftantivet, yet this always follows it, at in the fentence quoted. ENOU'GH, S. that wKich is fufficient to anfwer a perfon's expedtations or wifiies } a quantity anlv^erable to any defign, er p'O- portionaUle to a perfon's qualities and abili- ties- ENGU'CH, Adv. in fuch a m«nner as to I 6'V? E N H E N T E>JS, S. [Lit.] in Metaphyfics, any thi"g which the mind apprehends, and of which 't affirms, denies, proves, or difproves; loin*- thing that is, or exifts, foTie way further thin barely in conceptiqn ; that to which there are real attributes belonging ; or that peated, it is ufed as an interjeflion, imulyint; which has a reality nut ■ nly out of the inteU more than a fufficiency, 1 1"^^ but likewife in itfelf. give content or fatisfa£lion. When ufcd after an adjeilive, it denotes a diminution, or that a thing is not perfeflly fo, and is uf^td to ex- prefs great indifference or fl'ght. " The fong was lodl enough ;" 1. e. not fo well as it ought to be, or as it might be expe£led. When re that there is already more Ens rati am if and that aperfon is defiredtodeteft. " Hence- i that which depends wholly on the mind, or forth ril bear affliftion, till it do cry itfelf— I which exifts only in the imagination. In enouirh, er.sugh .'" Shak jChemiftry, the moft efficacious part ot' any ENO'W, Adj. fthe plural of enough, ac- natural mixt body, ron'ainingor comprehend- cording to Johnfon] a fufficient number. In this number it is ufed before its fubftantive, but in the finp ular after it, ENPA'SSANT, Adv. [Fr,] by the way. To ENRA'GE, V, A. ^nrager, Fr.] to put a perfon in a violent paflion of anger. To ENRA'NK, V. A. to place in or- der. To ENRA'P, V. A. to tranfport to a great i^egree of ecftacy, or enthufiafni. " Nor huh he been fo enrapt in thofe ftudies, as to ns- gle£\ the polite arts." Mcirl. Scr'ih. To ENRA'PTURE, V. A. to tranfuort and affcdt with the higheft degree of delighr and pleafure. To ENRA'VISH, V. A. to throw into an ecftacy ; or to affeft with the moll exaitfd degree of joy. " A fight thereof fo much tnra-vtjh\i.^'' Shak, ToENRI'CH, V. A. to give riches or money to a perfon. Figuratively, to make fat or render fruitful, apolied to ground. To adorn, or improve the mind with new ideas of knowledge. " Enrich his own underftanding " with any certain truths." RaU'gb. ENRI'CHMENT, S. an augmentation or encreafe of wealth. Amplification or im- provement, applied to foil, bouks, or to un- derllanding. To ENRI'DGE, V, A. to form with long eminences or ridges. " Wav'd like the tn- ridged I'ei." Rhak. To ENRTNG, V. A. to bind roun;1 ; to furround as with a ring j beautifully applied by Shak. " Ivy fo enringi the barky fingers of tne elm." ToENRFFEN, V. A. to make ripe or mature. " The fummer — how it enrifened the year." Donne. To ENRO'BE, V. A. to drefs, or adorn with drefs. " She fliall be loofe enrob'd." Shak ToENRO'L, V. A. [enrol/er, Fr.j to I worfliip," .S7>fl* ing all its qualities oi virtues in a fmali iom- pafs. To EN3E'AR, V. A. to rub, depri-ve of feeling, or flop bleeding with a red hoc iron j ro Ciuterife. ToENSHRl'NE, V. A. to prefeive in a facred nr hallowed place. E'NSIGN, S. [enfgne, Fr. in/igne, Lat,] the flag or ftandard ol a regi;iient ; a fignal to ?ifTemble ; a mark, or HaHge of diftinflion and Juthority. The officer among the foot who car-ies the fl?e, or enfign. ENSIGN BEARER, S, the perfon who catties 'he |]ag or enfign. To ENoLA'VE, V. A. to deprive of li- berty. Figuratively, to betray lo another as a fl.ive. ENSLA'VEMENT, S. theftateofa (lave. Figuratively, a i1:ate of mean and fordid obe- dience to the violence of any paffion or appe- tite. ENSLA'VER, S. one who deprives of li- beriy. To ENSIJ'E, V, A, [cnfui-vre, Fr.] to fol- low ; to purfue } to praf^ile for a continuance. " Seek p?3ce, and enfue it." ENTA'BLATL'RE, or ENTA'BLE- MENT, S. fFr.J in A.chiteaure, that part of an order of a column, which is over the capit-J, and comprehends the arciiitrave, frize and cor'":ce. ENTA'IL, S. \tai/Ier, Fr. to cut, feodum ta'ijfum, low Lat.] in Law, a fee eftate en- tailed, I- e. abridged and limited to certain conditions, at the will of the granter, or donor. To ENTA'IL, y. A. in Law, to fettle the defcent of an eftate, fo that it cannot be be- queathed, at pleafure, by a perlon who fuc- ceedi to it; to fix unalienaoly on any perfon or thinn. To ENTA'ME, V. A. to tame; to con- qu?r, or fubdue. "£>;.';;?«(? my fpirits lo your enter in a lift, or roll j to record, or commit to writing. ' ENRO-'LLER, S. aperfon who writes ano- ther's name. in x lift. ENRO'LLIVIENT, S, a writing in which To ENTA'.NGLE, V.A, [from tang. Sax, a twig;] to enfnare, or involve in fomething which is not eafily got cle .r from, as briai* ; and not eafily extradl;d.4 trom, as a net; to twift or knot in fiich a perplexed manner, as any thing is recorded}, the aft of regifter- ' cannot be eafily unravelled. Figuratively, to ing. ' '"■' 1 perplex or confufe with difficulties ; to enfnare To ENRO'OT, V. A. to fix by the root, by captious qeftions ; to diftraft with a va- Figuratively, to taften, or imphnt ieeply. ' rietjr of afiaits, which aperfon ca.wot eafily B 4 frcj E N T free bimfelf from ; to encreafe the difficulties of a work or under aking. ENTa'NGLEMENT, S. that which in- volves a thinj in in'ticacies, or w^th fnch things as are not e<fily got rid or; the con- fu'et) ftate oi thread, which requires great pa- tience to unravel or undo; an obfcurny, ciifn utty, or enfnaring argument, which in volves the rriind with confufio/i and perplexi- t\ . ENTA'NGi ER, S. one that enfnares, or i.-.volve>; in difficulties and perplexities. To EN'TtR, V. A. [er.trer, Fr. ir.tro Lat.J to make one's appearance, or go into anv place. In Commerce, to fet down, or write any article in a book ; to give notice at the tuftom-houfe, and pay the duties for the import or exp rt of any comtnodity j to begin or eneace in, u'd wuh or or uf>on. EN'f ERirvG, S. an avenue by which a perfon may go into a place; the aft or mo- tion by vsnich a perfr.n goes inio a place. To ENTERLA'CE.V. A. [entrdajjir, Fr.j to interweave ; to intermix. " ^\ clofe arboui of trees, whofe branches fo lovingly enterbced each other." Sidney. ENTERO'CELE, S. [Lat. from jvtsjjv intefline or inward, and xnXi), Or. a tumorj in Medicine, a rup;u:e, wherein the intef- tines, and particularly the ilium, fall into the groin. ENTER O'LOGY, S. [evts^ov, an intef- tine, and Xs^o;, Gr. a difcourfej a treatife on the bowels, or an anatomical defcription of all the internal parts. EN TERO'MPHALUS, S. [from hte^cv, a gut, and cy.<\a.'k');, Gr. the navel] a difor- der, wheicin the inteftines having fallen out of their place, occafion a tumor in the navel. EN'TERPRISE, S. fFr.] an undertaking alt-nded wiih hazard and dinger. To EN'TERPRISE, V. A. to attempt ; to undeitake, or to try to perform. ENTERPRISER, S. one who underakes or engages himfclf in important, dangerous and hazardous defiCns. To ENTERTA'IN, V. A. [ertretMr, Fr.j to communicate improvement, or em- ploy a pcrfon's lime in agreeable difcoutfe; to treat at table; to receive hofpitably j to retain or keep a perfon as a fcrvant. To re- ftrve or conceive, applied to the mind. To pleafe, amufe, or give pleafure. ENTERTAl'NER, S. one who keeps others as fervants; he thst treats others with food, cr at his table ; he that amufe.-, diverts, and communicates pltature. • ENTERTA'iNMENT, S. a converf^tlon, wherein time is fpent agreeably ; a feart, hof- pitabh reception. The ftate of being hired or It pay, applied to folaiers and fervants. Aniufexent, or divetfion ; a farce, a low fpecies of come;H', or a p;ntomtme. ToENTKRC'NE, V. A. to place on a throne or the fe^t of afovereign. Figura- E N T t'vely, to invert with the dignity or authciity of a kinc. ENIHU'SIASM, S. [tvflaucrwa/xsf. Or.] a (Iropg but vain perfuafion that a perlon is guided or infpired in an extraordinary manner, hy immediate impulles and operations of the Holy Ghoft ; an extraordinary emotion or ele- vation of the !oul, which warms and heat« the imagination, and enables it to conceive and exprefs things both exalted and furpiif- ing. ENTHU'SIAST, S. in Divinity, one who vainly imagines he is immediately infpired by God ; one of a warm imagination, or vio- lent palTions ; alfo one of an elevated fancy, or exalteil ideas. ENTHUSIA'STIC, or ENTHUA'STI- CAL, Aoj. ftrongly, but vainly perfuaried of receiving extraordinary communications from the Deify ; viol'^nt in any caufe ; of elevated fancy or exalted ideas. ENTHYMEME, S. [from a in, and dufx.o;, Gr. the mind] in Lojic, an argument confifiing only of two propofitions, /. e. an antecedent and confeqiient. Or an argument wherein the major is fuppreffed or underftood, and only the minor and confequer.ee pro- duced. To ENTI'CE, V, A. to feduce, allure, or draw by blandifhments or hope to fomething bad. ENTI'CEMENT, S. the aft or praaice of drawing or alluring a perfon to do ill ; the alluring means by which a perfon is drawn to commit fomething ill. ENTI'CER, S. one that allures to ill. ENTI'CINGLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to ch^rm or allure. ENTl'RE, Adj. [cKiier, Fr. httger, Lat.] whole; undivided; unbroken; complfte j having all its parts; full, firm; fixed; fo- lid. *' Entire and fure the monarch's rule muft prove." Prior, ENTl'RELY, Adv, wholly; without ex- ception, referve, or abatement. ENTl'RENESS, S. the ftate of a thing which has all its parts. To ENTl'TLE, V. A. ff«/iV«>, Fr.j to grace a perfon with a title of honour; to call by a particular name ; to give a claim or njht j to fuperfcribe; to make ufe of the name of a perfon sr thing as a fanftion. " How ready zeal for party is to entitle Chriflianity to their ■iefigns." Lode. To grant as claimed by a title. ** This is to entitle God's care how and what we pleafe." Locke. ENTITY, S. [entiles, low Lat.] the be- ing or rather aftual exiftence of any thinking thing; a particular colleftion of qualicies which conftitute the fpecies or nature ef a thine. ToENTO'MB, V. A. to fhut up in a tomb. ENTR Al'LS, S. [has no fingular, entrailles, Ff. fvrt^i, Gr,J the inteftines, guts, or in- ward E N U w»ri3 parts of an animal. Figuratively, the inmoft parts of a cave, den, the earth, or a country. " Long hid in the dark entra'h of America." Locke. ENTRANCE, S. \er,trant, Fr.] the paf- fage or avenue by which a perfon may go into a place. Figuratively, the power, a£l, or li- berty of going in 5 the beginning or firft ru- diments of a fcience or art. Beginning, ap- plied to time. To ENTRA'NCE, V. A. [oi tr^infe, Fr.] to reduce to fuch a ftate that the foul feems to be ai;fent from the body, while the latter has no apparent figns of life ; to hurry away, or exalt to fuch a pitch of extacy, as to be in- lenfible to external objeiSs. To ENTRAP, v. A. [entmper,Vi.'] to catch in a trao, or fnare. Figuratively, to be- tray or fubjeft infidioully to dangers and dif- fciiltiesj to take advantage of. " To en- tra/> thee in thy word«." Ecdus, viii, it. To ENTRE'AT, V. A. [pronounced entreet; from traittr, Fr.] to a(k with humili- ty and earneftnefs ; to treat or ufe well or illj to make a petition or requeft for a perfon in an humble manner. " Entreat for him." Sbak. ENTRE'ATY, S. fin the plural entreatUs, nouns ending in^ in the fingular making ia in the pluralj a requeft made for fome favour in an humble manner. EN'TRY, S. ffrom enter; entr/e, Fr.] the pafTage by which a perfon goes into a houfe 5 the aft of going in. In law, the tak- ing poflefTion of an eftate. In Commerce, the a£l of writing or regiftering an article in a book. Double entry, is the entering an article on different fides in different accounts. A public or folemn proceflion to a place. To ENVE'LOP, V. A. [en-veloper, Fr.] to inwrap ; to cover, or enclofe in a covering. Figuratively to furround, or hide from the fighr. ENVE'LOPE, S. [Fr] a wrapper ; a co- ver ; an outward cafe of a letter, &c. " No letter with an en'velope.'''' Sivift. To ENVE'NOM, V. A. to mix with poi- fon ; to make poifonous. ENVl/ER, S. one who is affefled with gr ef at the profperity of another. ENVI'OUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to (hew difp!eafure or ill wiil, on account of the happinefs or excellence of another. To ENVJ'JION, V. A. [eni'lrcver, Fr.] to furround ; to encompaCs. Figuratively, to hem in, or furround in a hoftile manner j to enclofe; to inweft. ENVl'RONS, S.' [Fr.] the neighbour, hond or places fituared round about any town or city. To ENU'MFRATE, V. A. lenur,:eratui, of t/itimero, Lat.] to reckon up or count over fingly and riiftinaiy ; to give a minute account of all the circumfta ices of a thing. ENUMERA'TION, S. [em.meratie, Lat.} E PH the aft of numbering or counting over fin^jT' and diftinftly ; a minute detail. ENUNCIA'TION, S. [etiundatio, Lat.] a fimple expreffion or declaration ©f a thing, either in affirmative or negative words, with- out any application called by the fchoolmen, the fecoad operation of the mind, which they enumerate thus j apprehenfion, eiwnciatiortf reafoning ; from whence it feemS to be equi- valent to judgment. A declaration proclama- tion or puhlic atteftation. ENU'NCIATIVE, Adj. dechrative, ex- prelling either affirmatively or negativsly ENU'NCiATIVELf, Adj. declara'tlve- 'y- ENVOY, S. [of tn-voyer. Ft. to fend] a public minifter fent by once prince to another, fomething inferior to an ambaffador j a mef- fenger. To EN;VY, v. N. [envkr, Fr. invUere, Lat. J to grieve at the excellencies, profperity, or happinefs of another; to hate another for excellence, profperity or happinefs ; to grudge. EN'VY, S. ffrom the verb] that paia which arifes in the mind from obferving the profperity of thofe, efpecially with whom a perfon has had a rival/hip ; anger and difplea- fure at feeing another pofieffed of any good we want. To ENWO'MB, V. A. to conceive, ct bear in the womb. EO'LIPILE, S. l^olus, the pagan god of the winds, and rruXat, Gr. gates] a hollow ball of metal, with a narrow pipe, whicU when filled with water, and placed overafire, ejefts vapours of fteam, with a prodigiou* noifc and force. EPA'CT, S. fEff3>tT£,Gr.] in Chronology, a number, whereby is noted the excefs of the common fnlar above the lunar year, and there- by may be found out the age of the moon eve- ry day of the year, (Sfc EPAU'LE, S. fFr.] In Fortification, the flioulder of the baftion, or the angle made by the face and fl.nk, EPAU'LEMENT, or EPAULMENT, S. [from epauh; Fr. flioulHcrj in Fortification, a fiHework of earth haftily thrown up, of bags filled with fand, or of gabions, falcinc;, (sfc. with earth, to cover the men or cannonj likewife a demibaftion or little fiank placed at the point of a horn or crownwork. EPE/NTHESJS, S. [s^iv.ei^ti^ Gr. an in- feriion] in Grammar,^the adding or inferting a Irtter or fyllab)e in the middle of a word. EPHE'MERA, S. [Gr. of sp and .,,u£j«, Gr. a day] a fever which terminates in one day. In Natural Hiftory, an infeft which lives only a fingle day. in Botjvny, Inch flowers as open and expand themfelves at fun-rife; and ihut and wither at fun-fet- tine. EPHE'MERIS, S. [efnfy.c^ii, Gr.] a jour- nal, or account of a perfvTn's .laiiy tranfaftions. In aitronomy, a table calculated to fhew the prsfeflt E PI frcfent fiate of the heavens, or the places, of the pldiicis at noon. EFHE'MERIST, S. an adronomer,. or one whoi'e knowledge of the places of the planets does not flow from his own obfervations, but is entirely taken from an ephemeris j a word ©f reproach. EPHE'MERON, S. See Ephemera.' E'PHOD, S. mrsj^ Heb.J an ornament, or kind of girdle, worn by the Jewifh-piicfts when they attended at the temple: it tvsi brought from behind the neck over the two ftoulders, and then hanging down before, was crofled upon the fl.on.ach, and thence carried round the waift twice, like a girdle, having its two ends brought before, which hung down to the ground. That of the high prieft was. einbioidered with blue, purple, crimfon, twifl- ed cotton, and gold. Upon that part which came over the two fhoulders were two large precious ftones, on each of which were engrav- ed tlie names of fix tribes ; where it crolTtd the prteft's Kreaft was a fquare ornament called the breaft-plate, fet with twelve precious ftones, «n each of which w'as engraven the name of a different tribe. That of the other priefts con- £fled of linen only. E'PIC, Adj. [tfkus, Lat, from eird), Gr. to fpeak] narrative, or confining of relation, in oppofition to dram.-.tie, or that which con- Cfts in asftion. An Epic poem, is an heroic poem, or difcourfe delivered in verfe, invented with art to form the manners, by inftru(ftion, difguifed under the. allegory of an important aftion, in a probable, entertaining, and fur- prifing manner. E'PICl'RE, S. [epkureus, Lat.] a perfon abandoned, or given wholly to luxury. EPICU'REAN, S. \_cpicur:ui, Lat.] a difciple of Epicurus, who held that pleafure was the fummum bonum, or chief good of man. The word is ufed at prefent, for an in- dolent, effeminate, and voluptuous perfon, who Only confuks his private and particular pleafure. IPICURE'AN, Adj. luxurious in eating »>d drinking ; contributing to luxury. EPICU'RISM, S. [See EPICUREAN] the fentiments, doctrine, or tenets of Epi- curus. Figuratively, luxury in eating. Vo- luptuoufnefs j fenfual enjoyments, or grofs p'eafures. EPICY'CLE, S. [from etti and xyxXo?, Gr. a circle,] in Ailronomy, a little circle, v.hofe center is in the circvimference of a greater wliich being carried along with It, is called its deferent. This is afcribed by antient philofo- phers to all planets, excepting the fun. EPICYCLO'ID, S. [eb-1 and zukXoj, .a circle, and gioof, Gr. a form oifhape] in Gee. metry, a curve generated by the revolution of a point of the circunif rence of a circk along the qonvex, or coocavc, part of another yirde. Ei'iDE'MIC, or fPlDE'MICAL, Adj. from £Tr;, and S'u,uof, Gr, the people] that which atiefts a great number of people at the fame time, applied to difeafts, aud efpecialJy the ph'.rue. EP15eR'MIS, S. in Anatomy, the cuti- cle or fcarf-lkin. It receives its name from its covering the derma, or true /kin, is tn- fenfible, and has neither veins, arteries, nor nerves. EPIGLOT'TIS, S. in Anatomy, a thia moveable cartilage, in form of a leuf of ivy, j or little tongue, ferving as a lid or cover for the lima, or cleft of the larinx or glot- tis. EPI'GRAM, S. [yp-gramma, Lat. and Gr.J in Poetry, a fliort poem, fufceptible of all kinds of fubje<fls, and ending vtith a lively, juft, and unexpedled thouiiht. EPIGRAMMA'TIC, or EPIGRAMMA- TICAL, Adj. [epigrammoticui, Lat.] having the nature or properties of an epigram ; deal- ing in, or writing epigrams. EPIGRA'MMATJST, S. [from epigram] one who writes epigrams. E'PILEPSY, S. [from i-nil^ay-Zav^o, Gr. to feize hold on a perfon] in Medicine, a convulfion either of the whole body or fome of its parts, attended with a lofs of fenfe and underilanding, and returning from time to time in fits and paroxyfms. The Englifh call it the falling- fickncfs, becauf: pcrfons generally fall down when afflifttd with it. E'PILEPTIC, Adj. affeded with an epi- lepfy, or the falling ficking ; convulfed. E'PiLOGUE, S. [epUogus, Lat. from iTTiXeyco, Gr. to fay after] a poem or fpeech pronounced after a phty. EPINY'CTIS, [i-TrpvKlL^, Gr.] in Surge- ry, a fore at the corner of the eye, of the big- nefs of a lupin, of a duficy red, and fometimes of a livid or pale colour, attended with great inflammation or pain,difchargii)g at iirft a fanies of bloody matter. EPI/PHANY, S. [emfamx, Gr.] a church feftivol, celebrated on the twelfth day after Chriftmas, in commemoration of our Saviour's being manifelted to the Gentile world, by the appearance of a miraculous blazing ih-ir, or meteor, which direttcd the magi tq the place where he was born. EPIPHONE'M.'V, S. Gr. in Rheto- ric, a (hort and f.:;ntentious exclamation, fre- quently added after a narrative, or relation of any thing remarkable, contuining an ufeful and ff irited reflexion on the fubjefl to which it is fubjoined ; fuch is that of St. Paul. " O the depth of the wifdoin and knowledge of God." EITPHORA, S. [Gr.] in Mtdlcine, an inflammation, or rather a detluxiou of rheum ;nto the eves. EPIPHY'SIS, S, [from siri and fo»>, Gr. to grow] in Anatomy, a lHi"r bone, adhering or growing to another by iimpie contiguity £PJPLO% S. [Gr.] in Rhetoric, a figure. E P O !}J v/hlch one ftriking circim.ftanee is added to another, fo as to heighten it gradually to the end of the fentence, (. g. " He not on- ly fpared his enemies, but continued them in employment ; not only continued, but advan- ced them," EPl'SCOPACy, S. [epifcopatus, Lat.] the government of the church bv bilhops. EPl'SCOPAL, Adj [efifcofalh, Lat.] be- lomiing to, or vefted in a bifhop. EPI'SCOPATE, S, [epijcopatus, Lar,] the government of a bifhop j or biihopric, E'PISODE, S, [ETrio-ojJiov, Gr.j a feparate incident, ftory, or aftion, which an hiftorian or poet inferts and connefts wirh his priucipjl a£tion, to furni/h [he work with a gi eater va- riety of events. EPISO'DIC, or EPJSO'DICAL, Adj. con- tained in, or partaking of, the nature of an epifode ; fwelled wiih unnecelfary incidents, or epifodes, which are not connedted with the main adlion. EPI'STLE, S. [epljlob, Lat.] a letter, applied generally to the letters of the anfieins, and particularly thofe of the infpired wri- ters ; moderns making ufe only of the word letter, EPI'STOLARY, Adj. relating, fuitable to, or tranflated by letters. E'PITAPH, S. [from nti, upon, and to, 4>^,Gr. a monument or fepulchrej an inl'cnp- tion on a tomb, or grave ftone. EP1THAL4M1UM, S. [from etti upon, and BaXcifA,©-', Gr. a bedchamber] a po=m ot compliment wrote on the marriage of a petlon E'PITHEM, S. [nrtQnixa., Gr.j in Phar- macy, a kind of fomentation or remedy of a fpirituous or aromatic kind, applied externally to the regions of the heart, liver, iS'c. to ftrengihen and comfort them, or to corre£l fome intemperafure in thofe parts. E'PJTHET, S. [eTi^ETev, Gr] an adjec- tive, denoting the qualiiy of the woid to which it was joined] a title or furname j a phtafe or exprelTion. EPI'TOME, S. [from tmn,uvi.; Gr. to retrench, or cut ofTJ an abridgment or reduc- tion of the fu'ortance of a book into fewer words, and lefs compafs. To EPITOMISE, V. A. to abridge; to reduce the fubflance of a book or writing ; to cut fhart or curtail. " We have ephomiJeJ many particular words." Spec}. No. 135 EP'iTOMISER, or EPlTOiMIST, S. one who abridges a work : the fiift word the mofl proper, E'POCH, or E'POCHA, S. [itnox^, Gr. a lin)itation or flopping, becaufe it limits or ftops the reckoning of time] in Ckronology, a fixeJ point or period of time, from whence fhe fucceeding years are numliered or counteJ. E'PODE, S. [iirAiv, Gr.j in Lyric Poe- try, the third or lall part of the ode ; the an ECL17 by the priefts ftanding ftiri before the altar. As this was called the end of the fong or od'e, and finifhed the finging, in ptocefs of timCi ic was applied to any tonclufive fong or ode ; hence Horace fliles thofe pieces which foUov his odes, the epodes. EPOPE'E, S. [Fr. iit<^, a verfe, and itoa», Gr. to make] the hiftory, aftion, or fabic, which makes the fubjeft of an epic poem. EPULO'TIC, Adj. [e7ruXa.T.x<^, Or,] m Medicine, applied to drying, aflringent renae- dies, proper to harden, cicatrife and incarnate wounds. E'QUABLE, Adj. \^cequabUU, Lat.] even; alike ; conliflent with itfelf. FQUaBLY, Adv. {^uniformly ; in the fame proportion. E'QU AL, Adj. {at)uaUs, Lat.] rsfemblin^ or alike another in bulk, excellence, or any other quality, which admits a comparifon ; fit, proper, or adequate to any purpofe j even, uniform. Unruffled by palTion, or undlflarbei by accident?, applied to the mind. In propor- tion i impartial i indifterent j upon the fame terms. E'Ql/AL, S. one neither inferior, nor fu- perior, to another in any circumltance, excel- lence, title, or other quality j one of the fame age. To E'QUAIv, V. A to make one thing, or perfon, like another. Neuterly, to refemble, to be equal; to anfwer ; to recompenfe, " £yua//'<i all her love." Dryd, * To E'QUALISE, or EQUALIZE, V. A, to make even ; to be equal to, er in the fame proportion. " To «fj^d/i/i and fit a thing bigger th-in it is " Dlgby. EQUA'LITY, S. likenefs with refpea t» any quality ; the fame degree of quality. E'QUALLY.Adv. in the fame degree with any other perfon or thing ; alike j impartially. " Equally determine." Shjk. EQUA'NGULAR, Adj. [from aquus,\.iU equal, arid angului, Lat.J an angle having equal angles. EQUANIMITY, S. [aquammitas, Lat.J a flaie of mind which is neither elated, nor deprelled. Evennefs of mind, EQUANI'MOUS, Adj. [aquammis, Lat.J even ; neither elated nor dejected. EQUA'TION, S. [aquatus, Lat. of ^ya*, Lat.] the aft of making one thing equal to another. In Algebra, an exprefTionof thefame quantity in two difTimilar but equal terms. Equations are likewife confidered as the ulti- mate conclufion we arrive at in the folutiont of problems, or the means by which we ar- rive at thofe conclufions. In Aflronomy, the reducing the apparent unequal times or motion ot the heavenly bodies to equable or meantime. EQUATOR, S. [aquator, Ldt.] a great circle of the terreflrial fphere, whole poles are the poles of the world. It divides the globe tient lyric poem being divided into ftrophe, into two equal parts, called the northern and antlllrophe, and epodc. The latter was fung'foutlictn beaiifpherss ; paH'cs through the E. aa4 ECLTJ T.QJJ and W. points cf the horizon, and at the me- ridian is raifed above the horizon, as many tdegrees as the complement of the latitude of any given place. Whenever the fun comes to this circle, the days and nights are equal all round the globe. EQUATO'RIAL, Adj. belonging to, takes at, or meafured on the equator. E'QUESTRIAN, Adj; [equejlris, Lat.J ap- pearing on horfeback ; (killed in horfeman- A'vp. Belonging to the fccond rank of dignity, «r that of knights, in ancient Rome. E'QUERRy, S. [ecurie, Fr. from ejuus, Lat. an horfej mafter of the horfe. EQUI'DISTANT, Adj. at the fame or an equal diftance. EQyi'FORMlTY, S. [ajuui, Lat. equal, anA forma, Lat. Ihape] equality, equability, or <iinitormity. '* Equiformity oi moiion." Broivn. EQUILA'TERAL, Adj. having its fides equal. To EQUILI'BRATE, V. A. to balance equally ; to keep even with equal weights on each fide. EQUILIBRA'TION, S. cquipoife ; the a£t of keeping a balance even. EQUILIBRIUM, S. [Lat.] cquipoife ; •equality of weight ; equality of evidence, mo- tives, or powers of any fort. EQUINO'CTIAL, S. [from aquus, Lat. -equal, and nox, Lat. night] a great circle on the celeftial globe, the fame as the equator on the terreftrial ; to which, when the fun comes, the days and nights are equal all round the Klobe. EQUINO'CTIAL, Adj, [from equlnex] .pertaining to the equinox; happening about the time of the equinoxes ; bting near the equinoftial line, or fubjeft to the inconveni- ences of thofe parts which lie near the equa- tor. '• The Equinofiial heat." Phillips. E'QUJNOX, S. [aquu,, Lat. equal, and vex, Lat. night] in Aftronomy, the precipe time when the fun enters the equinoftial points Aries or Libra ; the former, being the aift of March, is called the vernal equinox j and the latter, on the 23d of September, the autumnal equinox. Figuratively, an equal ir.eafure. " It is to his virtues a jult equlrox." ^hek. A monfoon, or equinoctial wind, in Poetry. " No more than ufual equinoxes Wow." DryJ. EQUINU'MERANT, Adj. f aquus, Lat. .equal, and numerans, Lat. numbering] having an equal, or the lame number; confifting of an equal number. To E'OyiP, V. A. [equlpptr, Fr.] to furnifli a horfeman with furniture for riding. Figuratively, to furnifh, accoutre, or drefs out. " Equipped in a ridiculous habit." Spc^, No. 129. E'QUIPAGE, S. [Fr.] furniture for a horfe; a carriajje. " Harnefs'd at hand — cc- \t^A equipage >^^ Par. Loft. Afetofchina. *' Tea enuipageC^ Attendants or retinue. " Think what an equipage thou hafl In air." Pope. Furniture, accoutrements. " I will retort the fum in equipage,'"'' Shak, EQUIPE'NDENCY, S. {aquus,hit. equal, and pendens, Lat. weighing] freedom from any bias, applied to the will or mind. E'OyiPMENT, S. the ad of accoutering or drefling : the accoutrement or equipage. EQUIPOl'SE, S. [from aquus, Lat. equal or even, and poids, Fr. weight] equality, or evennefs of weight; equality of force ; that (late of a balance, wherein the weights on each fide are fo equal, that neither fcale will defcend. EQUIPO'LLENCE, S. {aquus, Lat. equal, and pollent'ia, Lat. force] equality of force or power. EQUIPO'LLENT, Adj. {aqu!poIIens,Ut.'\ having equal power or force. Hiiving the fime fignification, applied to words ; fynony- mous. EQtJIPO'NDERANCE, or EQUIPO'N- DERANCY,S. [a^que, Lat. equally, and />(!«- derans, Lat. weighing] equality of weight. EQUIPO'NDER ANT, Adj. being of equal or the fame weight. E'QUITABLE, Adj. [eqwtahle, Fr.] juft j impartial, mitigating the rigour of a law, fo as to beco;iGfient withjuftice. E'OyiTAKLY, Adv. in a manner confif- tent wiih jiifticeand mercy. E'QUITY, S. [equii/, F r. aquitas, Lzt.'} juftice ; a correflioii or abatement of the fe- veriiy ef fome law ; a temperament which, without being unjuft, abates the rigour of the law. Impartiality, applied to opinions, or private determinations! EQU rV ALENCE, or EQUI'VALENCY, •S. [_aq!nts, Lat. and •valens, Lat.J equality of power, '•r worth. EQUI'VALENT, Adj. [from aquus, Lat. and I'aler.s^ equal in value, force, power, im- portance, weight, or meaning. EQUI'VALENT, S. a thing of the fame weight, dignity, or value. EQUl'VOCAL, Adj. [aquivpcus,'Lisr.'] of doubtful fignification ; having different fenfes or meanings ; uncertain; doubtful; happen- ing different ways. Equivocal generation, in Natural Hiftory, is the opinion of the pro- du£lien of plants without feed, or of infers, or animals, without parents ; called by fume fpontaneous generation, and univerfally ex- ploded by reafon and experiments. EQUl'VOCAL, S. a word of doubtful meaning. EQUI'VOCALLY, Adv. in a doubtful or double fenfe, applied to words. By fponianeou?, equivocal, or irregular birth ; by a generation or produftion out of the common and ftatari order of nature, appl'ed to natural hiftory. EQl'I'VOC ALNESS, S. the ambiguity, or dotiole mtfsning of a word. To EQUl'VOCATE, V. A. [equi-voquer, Fr.] to uie w«ids of a floubtlul, or double meaning. ERE msamng, with an intention to deceive or jm- pofe on another; to quibble. EQVl'VOCATION,S.\iejui'vocat'io,L3.t.] the ufing a term or word which has a double fignification, ufed generally in a bad fenl'e. EQUI'VOC ATOR, S. one who ufes words in doubtful, or double meanings, in order to conceal the truth, and impofe on another. ER, in the middle or end of words, efpe- cially ihofe which lignify the nartses of placet, comes from wer or were. Sax. ivair, Goth. weir, Run. -vir, Lat, a man, and fignifies, when joined to common nouns, an agent, or when joined to appellatives, or the names of places, an inhabitant. Th\.\% Jlnger, (lomjing and er, of iver, Sax, a man, denotes a fingin;^ man. LomJoner, from London and er, o( ii'er, Sax. a man, fignifies a London man, or a na- tive and inhabitant of London. E'RA, [ara, Lat.] an account of time reckoned from any particular period, term, or epoch. See .t^RA. To ERA'DICATE, V. A. [eradicates, of eradico, Lat.] to pull, or pluck, up by the root. Figuratively, to extirpate, or deftroy entirely. ERADICA'TION, S. [trom ered'cate] the aft of pulling or pluck-ing up by the roots ; extirpation ; total deftruftion ; the ftate of a thing plucked up by the roots. ERA'DICATIVE, Adj. [eradicatus, Lat.] In Medicine, that which expels a difeafe to the very root ; that which cures radically ; that which drives entirely away. To ERA'SE, V. A. [rajer, Fr, erafin, Lat.J to fcratch out any thing written ; to ex- punge. In Heraldry, to pluck off violently. • ERA'SED, Adj. [erafus, Lat.J in Heral- dry, applied to fignify a thing which is violent- ly torn oft' from its proper place, or from fome other part. ERA'SEMENT, S. applied to buildings and cities, entire deftruftion and demolition. Applied to writings, an entire blotting and fcratching out. ERE, AHj. {isr. Sax. j.V, Goth, eer, Belg. ehor, Tcut. adur. Run. and Dan. Englifh writers, unacquainted with its etymology, write it eVr, as if a contraftion of e-vcr, which is a miftake ; before ever, it is written either ere or or, promifcuoufly, or and csr, in Sax. being ufed pri mifcuoufly ) before ; foon r than. " Ere yet the pine defcended to the fea?." Dryd. To ERE'CT, V. A. [eteHus, of er'igo, Lat.] to raife in a (Irait line, to pl.icc perpendicular to the horizon. In Geometry, to creH a per- pendicular, is to r.iife a right line upon ano- ther, fo as they may form right angles. Fi- guratively, to build J to exalt, or affume an cfticewiihout being authorized, ufed wth into, *' I am not to ercB myfclf jn.'o a jii <ge." Dryd. To afiume a principle, or found a dodrine ; to raife from a ftate of dejeftion. " Why fhould not hope as much frtff our ihcughts, as fear ilejeft taein ?" Denb, ERR ERE'CT, Adj. \ereRm, Lat.] upright, op- pofed to leaning, or looking downwards ; lifted upwards j vigorous. '* That vigilant and trelt attention of mind." Hooker. ERE'CTION, S. [creSh, Lat.] the aft of railing, or the ftate of a thing raifed upwards} the a£l of building or raifing houfes, ERE'CTNESS, S. uprightnefs of pofture or form. ER'GOT, S. in Farriery, a fort of Hub, like a piece of foft horn, about the fizeof a chefnut, placed behind and below the paf- tern joint, and commonly hid bahind a horfe'l fetlock. ERIN'GO, [eryngium, Lat.] in Botany, called likewife th« lea-holly. It has many flowers on one common conical receptacle, whf.'fe involucrum iscompofed of plain leaves. Linna»us ranges it in the fecond fed. of his fifth clafs. The fpecies are ten. Thatcoia- mon in England is candied, and the roots of that in the Weft-Indies much ufed in Medi- cine, and reckoned a good febrifuge. ER'JVIINE, S. [hermim, Fr. irmin'ius, Lat. from the place whence it is brought, i. e. Ar- menia] in Natural Hillory, an animal found in cold countries, which nearly refembles the weafel in /hape ; having a white pile, and the tip of its tail black, and furniftiing a choice and valuable fur. Though this, in heraldry, is reprefented as having black foots, yet it is confidently afferted, that the fkin of the ani- mal has none, and that it is fo much an ene- my to the leaft mixture of that kind, that it would die, if its /kin were foiled ever fo little. In Heraldry, a white field, or fur, powdered dr interfperfed with black fpots. Ermines are ufed by fome Englifh writers for the rcverfe of ermine, i. e, a black field witk white fpots, ER'MINE, Adj. [Fr.] in Heraldry, a crajs ermine, is one compofed of four black fpots. ER'MINED, Adj. cloathed in ermine. ERN, at the end of words which fignify a repofitory or receptacle, is derived from erne. Sax. a place. To ERO'DE, V. A. [erodo, Lat.] to can- ker, eat away, or corrode. ERO'SION, S. [crop, Lat.] the aft of eating away ; the ftate of being eaten away, or corroded. To ERR, V. A. [erro, Lat. errer, Fr.] to wander or move without any certain d're£lion j to ftray, or mifs the right way. " We have erred and ftrayed from thy ways, like loft Ihecp." Com. Frayer, To commit an error ; to miftake, ER'RAND, S. a mefTjge ; fomething to be done or told by a perfon fent from one min to another. Ufed at pref;nt only in familiar difcourfe, though fo'merly admitted into the mofl fublime compofitions. ER'RANT, Adj. [Fr. errans, Lat,] wan- dsring without any certain dirc£lion ) roving? fjmblirtg, applied to a particular order of knig}t-:< sights Celebrated in romance?, «fho Wfnt about in fcarch of adventures. Vile; aban- doned ; entire ; or comi'ieat, " An errant iooV Johnfin. See ARRANT. ERRA'NTRY, S. the condition of a wan- derer. <« After a ftiort fp.ice of crantry upon the feas." Jddif. Freehold. No. 36. The employ or proteffion of a knight-errant. ERRA,'TA, S. [plur.ll of erraium, Lat.] the faults of the printer, inierted generally in the end or beginning of a book by ihe editor. ERRA'TIC, Adj. [errathus, Lat.] keep- ing no certain order of motion ; holding no eflabliihed courfe ; irregular; changeable. ERRA'TICALLY, Adv. without rules, cr without any eftablifhed method or order. ER'RHiNE, S. [sjfiva, Gr. the nofe or noftrilsj fomething fnuft'ed up the nofe j or caufin^ fneezine. ERRO'NEO'US, Adj. [from erroneus, Lat.] vandcring, cr going without any particulat direftion ; irregular, or leaving the right way er road ; miftakfn, or m;ftdking. ERRO'NEOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- rer as to err, or miflake. ERRO'KEOUSNESS, S. miftakej want of conformity to trurh. ER'P OR, S. [erreur, Yx. error, Lat.] a mlf- take of the judgment in giving aflcnt to that which is not true ; an act which implies the taking a thing to be what it is not ; a blunder ; a roving excurfior; ; a wandering btyond bounds. •' Driven by the winds, and erron 01 the Icj." Dryd. In Ccmmon Law, a fault or overfiaiht, either in pleading, or in procels. A ivnt cf trrcr, is that which is brought to remedy ei- ther of thefe faults, or to reveffe a falfe judgment. ERST, Adj. \erj'i. Tent. ar]J}, Sax. fi.fl] at firft. " Seem'd etj}, fo lavifh and profufe." Milt. Formerly ; till now. Ufed at prefent enly in poetry. ERUCTA'TION, S. the aa of breaking wind upwards ; the wind broken from the ftomach by the mo>ith ; any fudden burft of wind ; or matter caft upwards. ERUDI'TION, S. [eruditio, Lat.] learning, er knowledge acquired from reading, efpeci- ally that which is acquired from Audying the antients. ERU'GINOUS, Adj. [arughojui, Lat.] partaking of the fubfljnce or qualities of cop- per. ERUPTION, \eru[.t]o, Lat.] the a^ of breaking or burfling from any indofiire or confinement ; a burft of comhm'iilile mstter or gunpowder ; a luddcn e:<curfion of an en^?- my. A violent exclamation, applied to the voice. A breaking out of puftules or pimplrs on the fkin. ERU'PTIVE, Adj. [burfting w'fh force and violence from sn inclofjreor confinement. *' The fudden glance — appears far fouth en'p- tivt through the cloud." TbompJ^n, ESC ERYSI'PELAS, S. {t=jcnTt\<t<:, fromjtA- and cn^at, Gr.J in MeJicine,|a diforder, gene- rated by hot ferum in the blood, afTtfting thd fiiperficies of the fkin with a Ihining pale red, or citron colour, without pnlfation or circum- fcribed fwelling, and fpreading from one phce to another ; generally called St. Antho* ny'.s fire. ESCALA'DE, S. [Fr.] a furious attack of a wall or fort, by means of fcaling ladders, withdut bieaking ground, or carrying on re- gular works to fccure the men. ESCA'LOP, S. [efcakpe, Fr.] a fijh whofe fhell is fomewhat of the cockle kind, but ra- ther flatter, and confiderably larger, and 18 irregularly indented. To ESCA'LOP, V. A. See SCALLOP, which is the moft common, but the leart pro- per wav of I'pelling. To ESCA'PE, V. A. \eckaffer, Fr.] to avoid any inconvenience which futrounds a perion ; to fly from ; to pafs unobferved or unnoticed. ESCA'PE, S. an avoiding, or flight from danger, purfuit, or conSnement ; fubterfuge or evafion ; a fally, or irregular flight, or ftart of paflion or genius. " Thoufand 'Jcapes of wit." Shak. In Law, a violent or private evafion from fome lawful reftraint, confine- ment, or cuftody. ESCHA'LOT, S. [Fr. pronounced /^a/af] a plant having a tunicated bulbous root, like that of an onion, which isincreafed alter the fame manner as g«rlick, but fet earlier, be- caiife it fpiings fooner, and taken up as loon as tile leaves begin to wither. They give a fine relifh to moft fauces, and though ftrongly aromatic, do not make the bieath fo offenlive, after eating as onions do. ECHA'R, S. [pronounced Jchar, tj-^n^a, Gr. a cruft] in Surgery, a hard cruft or frab, formed on the furfate of the flelh by means of a burning hoc iron, or cauftic medicine, or fome ftiarp coriofive humour within. ESCHAROTIC, Adj. having the power to produce a fcab by its cauftic quality, appli- ed to medicines, Cauftic. ESCHE'AT, S. [cchevir, Fr.] in Law, any lands or other profits that fall to a lord of the manor by forfeiture, or the death of his tenant, without heir general or efpecial ; the place in which the king, or other lord, has efcheats of his tenants ; a writ which lies, where the tenant dies, as above, without heir general or efpecial, againft him that pofTefles the lamls of the deceafed. To ESCHE'AT, V. A. in Law, to fail to the lord of the manor by forfeiture, or for want of heirs. ESCHE'aTOR, S. in Law, an officer that takes notice of the efcheats of the king, in the county to which it belongs, and certi- fies them to the Exchequer. To ESCHE'W, V. A. [from efcheoh, old Fr.J to fly, avoids ihjjn, on decline. " Uni- verfaUy ESP terfally to praftife (he one, and efcheiu the other." Atterb. ESCO'RT, S. [Fr.] a company of fol- diers, and ftiips of war, attending oihers, to keep rhem from falling into the hands of an enemy. To ESCO'RT, V. A. [efcorter, Fr.] to guard or convoy by fea or land, with an armed force, to prevent a perfon or thing from fall- ing into the hands of an enemy. ESCOT, S. [Fr.] a tax paid in boroughs and coiporaiions towards the (upport of the community, called vulgarly fcot and lot. To ESCOT, V. A. to pay a man's rec- koning. " How they are ejcoted.'" Sbak. ECRI'TOIR, S, [Fr.J a kind of bureau, or cheft of drawers, the top of which is fur- nilhes with conveniences for writing. E'SCULtNT, Adj. [efcu/er.tus, Lat.J eat- able. In Botany, appHetl to fuch plants or roots as may be e;ten, as beets, carrots, (^c. E'SCULENT, S. fomething fit for food. ESCU'TCHEON, S. [ftom fcucuni, Lat.J in Heraldry, the Ihield or coat wherein the bearing or arms of any perfon is painted. An efcutcbeon of pretence is a fmall efcutcheon which a man, who has married an heirefs, BVay beir, with her arms over his own j and the furviving heir may bear both arms quar- terly. ES'PALIER, S. [efpalier, Fr. ffalllera, Ital.] in Gardening, rows of trees planted round a garden, plantation, or in hedges, lo as to endofe the whole garden, or only quar- ters or feparate parts thereof, and trained up fijt in a clofe hedge, for the defence of tender plants, for the fecurify of fruit-trees againft violence and injury of the wind and weather ; commonly applied to hedges of fruit-trees, which are trained up regularly to a Jattico werk of wood, formed of afti-poles, or fquarc long timbers of fir, fefc. The trees chiefly planted for efpaliers, are apples, pcais, and ibmeiimes plums. ESPE'CIAL, Adj. [fpedalis, Lat.J prin- cipal J chief ; eminently ferviceable in ef- fecting an end. ESPE'CI \LLY, Adv. principally; chiefly. ESPLA'NaDE, S. [Fr.] in Fortif5cuJon, formerly applied to fignify the glacis of the counterfcarp, but at prefent it is taken for the empty fpace between the glacis of a citadel, and the fiift honfes of a tov/n. ESPOU'SALS, S. [it has no fmz'Aar, epous, Fr. fporfa/ia, Lat.J the udl of affiin- cing or contracting a man and woman lo each other. Figuratively, a wedding. ESPOU'SAL, Adj. ufed in, or belonging to the ceremony of betrothing. To ESPOU'SE, V. A. [efpoufcr, Fr,] to contract in noarriage, or to betroth to another ; to marry ; to a^opt or engage in a thing as a princi(;al ; to defend or maintain an opinion, caufe, or party^ ' / No ^''^ry'Jy.^A^^iffphr, Fr4>fee,4 E 6 6 thing at a diftance ; to difcover a thing in- tended to be concealed ; to fee unexpeftedly j to difcover, or make difcoveries in the charac- ter of a fpy. ESQUI^RE, [pronounced fjuire ; ejquier^ Fr.J th; armour-bearer, or attendant ufon a knight. A title of dignity next to that of knight, called in Latin, Jcutifer, and arniiger, and fcLUpor, among the Goths, from their coat of arms, which they bore as badges of their nobility, or becaufe they carried the ar- mour of princes and great men. Every knight WJS_ anciently ferved by two of them, who carried his helmet and buckler, holding lands of him in efcuage. At firft the name was a name of office only, and probably Crept In arnong the titles of honour in the reign of Richard II. The title is now given to all the fons of noblemen, and their heirs male for ever; the four efquires of the king's body j the eldeft fons of baronets, and of knights of the Bath, and their heirs in the right line ; to thofe that ferve the king in any worftipful employment, Gfc. and to fuch as his majefty gives arms, and creates efquires, with a collar of SS. of filver, who were formerly called 'ivhitefquires. The chief of fome families en- joy this title by prefcrlption, and thofe that bear any fuperior office in the commonwealth, as high fherifl" of any county, and he who is juftice of the peace, together with under bar- rifters, and graduates of the univerfity during their refidence at college. To ESS' AY, V. A. \ejaytr, Fr.J to at- tempt, try, or endeavour; to make an expe- riment/j to try the purity of metals. " The flandard of our mint b.ing now fettled, the methods of elTaying fuitable to it, S'c.'* Lncke. This latter fenfe is now confined to, and fpelt, ajjay, ESSA'Y, S. an attempt, endeavour, or trial ; a loofe fally of the mind ; an irregular piece, wherein the thoughts arc fet down as they occur to the mind, without any regard to method. " My ejjkys, of all my o'her works, have been the moft current." Bac. _ ES'SENCE, S. [Fr. effinua Lat.J in Lo- gic, the very nature of any being, whether it ce exiftent or no ; that which determines and tonllitutes the nature of a thing, or which is Hbfolutely neceffary to its being what it is. Fi- guratively, being, or a perfon which has exif- tence. " Heavenly effer-ce." Par. Lojl. In Medicine and Chemirtry, the chief properties or virtues extracted from any fimple, rciiucei to a narrow c ompafs : a perfume, or odoHr, " Nor let the imprilon'd fJJ'evcts exhale," Pope. To ES'SENCG, V. a. to fcent with any perfume. ^' The hulband rails — at ejj'tnced fop." SpeB. No. iSz. ESSE'NTIAL, Adj. [efevtu!, Fr, of e/- fentialis, Lat.J a property necelFiry to the con- Ititution or exifteni-e of a thing; important in the higheft (iegree. ESSEN'TlALj S, being or efl'cnce. " Re- duce ESS «?uee-~to nothing this effi»tia!.'* Par. Loll. Njitttre, or conftituent principles. " The plague of fin has eaten into his very eU'eniiah,^'' Sautb. A chief or principal point. ESSENTIALLY, Adv. [eJenUalitir, low Lat.J principally. ES'SEX, S. fo called from the Eaft Saxons, a county of England, and a kind of a peninfuU. It is wafhed on the £. by the German ocean, on the N. by the river Stour, which parts it from SufFolIt and Cambridgei'hire ; on the W. by the river Lea, which divides it from Mid- dlefex, and by the river Stort, which feparates It from Hertfordfhire ; and on the S. by the Thames. Its extent from E. to W. is forty miles, and from N. to S. thirty-five, though the dimenfions given of it vary. It contains, ■ccording to Templeman, 1,240,000 acres, 22 (ay) market-towns, and 4i5parilheti befides 46 parks, oneforeft, and acaltle, with 208,000 inhabitants. Befides the two knights of the fhire, it fends two members for each of the towns, Maiden, Colchefter, and Harwich. It is one of the ftiires in the liome circuit, and gives title of Earl to the Capcl family. The air of Eflex is in general temperate j but near the fe» and the Thames moift and aguiiTi, though the marfh lands there abound with rich paftures, corn- land, and cattle, as horfes, fat oxen, and fheep : it abounds alfo in wood and i»ild fowl ; and its northern part.', efpecially about Saffron Walden, produce large quantities ef faffion ; after three crops of which the foil produces barley for two others fucceffively, without manure. In other parts are hops. In Effex the foil is beft where the air is wcrft, and the former worft where the latter is beft No county in Kneland affords provifions of all forts more pleniif»illy than this, not only for its own confutnption, tut the fiipply of the London markets. Its calves are admired for the whiienefs and delicacy of their fiefn j fo that thefe, and the number of their fliles (from the infinity of fmall enclofures in Eflcx) have become proverbial. They have plenty of fifli of all forts from the fea and their rivers j par- ticularly vaft quantites of fine oyflers on the coaft, which are fent up pickled to London, cfpecially from Colchefler, and in fmall kegs. In the maifhes of EfTex it is frequent to meet with men that have had from five or Gx to fourteen or fifteen wives, and fometimes it is fsid more, even twenty-five and thirty-five. The reafon is, that the farmers here have wives from the uplands, who foon contradJ agues, and go eft in little more than a year ; nor do the men hold it out any more in thefe parts, than in other counties. The marfh lands of Effex are in the three hundreds ot Barftable, Rcclford, and Dengy. In another part of the county is the hundred of Hink- i'oid, which is fo large as to be one eighth o: the whole. ESSO'IGN, orESS'OIN, S. [ww, Fr «D excufej in Law, an excufe allowed for the EST sbfcnce of a perfon who is fummoned fo ap- pear in a court of jufticc ; the perfon who i« excufeti for abfence from a court of iufiice. To ESTA'BLISH, V, A. [etanw, Fr.J to fet'le firmly ; tj fix unalterably ; to feitle, lix, or confirm in any privilege; to make fiim, or ratify a law; to found, build, or place in fuch a manner, as not to be fui^jeft to fall or move. " He hath founded it upon the fejs, and (JIa' bUjhed it upon the floods." P^a! xxiv. iz. ESTA'BLlSHiMENT, S. [ctahi]l]ement,Vr.] a confirmation, or ratification of fomeihing lrea<ly done ; a fettled form of regulation, or management of a government or f.imily; a fundamental principle, or fettled law. ESTATE, S. [tea/, Fr. formerly applied to the general intereft or bufinelsof a govern- ment, which is now written Stale] condition, circumftance, or rank of life, with regard to proiperily, affluence, nobility, wealih, or their contraries ; fortune, generally applied to a perfon's pofl'cfiiuns in land, rdnk, or qua- lity. To ESTEEM, V. A. {ejlimo, Fr. ajiimo, Lat.J to fct a Vdlue on a thing 5 to compare, or f.x the value of a thing by comp^rifon j to prize J to value ; to regard as an objeft of worth and reverence ; to refpeft, or account. ESTEE'M, S. the a£l of refped psid to a perfon or thing on account of real or fuppofed worth ; the value, refpe^t, or reputation of a perfon or thing. ESTEE'MER, S. one who regards a perfon or thing as the objedl of worth, and claiming refpe£l, E'STIMABLE, Adj. [Fr.] valuable 5 wor- thy of honour, refpeft, or efteem. E'STIMABLENESS, S. that qualityvihi.h rendert a thing worthy of regard and refpect. To E'STIMATE, V. A. \^Jliman.i, of /efl'im'j, Lat.J to rate ; to fix the value of a thing j to judge of a thing from comparing it with fomething elfe ; to calculate, or compute. E'STIMATE, S. a calculation or compu- tation ; value ; the att of valuing, or valua- tion ; the afTigniTient of proportion ; a judg- ment formed from comparing one thing with another. ESTIMATION, S. the alTigning the proper proportion or /hare of a thing ; a cal- culation or computation regarding valu?, or number 5 judgment or opinion formed on comparing ; that i^egree of value or refpedt paid a perfon or tiling, which aiiles Ircm con- iidering their merits. ESTIMATIVE, Adj. having the power o^ making a comparifion or calculation, and thereby determining the furplus or preference between two or more things. ESTIMATOR, S. a perfon.who, from co«- fidering the nature of things, fettles their ref- pe£live imporlance,worth, preference, or value. ESTRA'DE, S. \Yt. firatum, Lat.J an al- cove or bed- room ; an even or level |)lacc \ a public road or hij.hw.-'.y. ^ 7 'r* E T H ToESTRA'NGE, V. A. [etranger, Fr.] to keep ac a- diftan.e ; to with .raw ; to alie- nate or divert, a (King from its oriy;inal ufe To alienate, or change from kindnefs to coolncls and indjflerence, ai.jjiied tq ihe afttilionq. ESTF,A'NGEM£NT, S. d, ule; removal^ the aft of confiaenng a thing with indifference or coldnel's. ESTR£'#VT, S. [exti-3^:'m, Lat,] io Law, the true copy tir duplicate ot iome original writing. E^T RE'PEMENT, [tjln/ier, Fr.] in L-w, the impqvenihing or malting land birren by continual pljjwing and fowing, Vvithout due mannring or reft 5 any v.-afte nude upon lantjs by a tenant for lite, to the prejudice of a psrfon who has them in reverfioii ; liliewife a writ which lies to inhibit a tenant for lif'e from inaking wafte. E'STUARY, S. [aJJuarlttm, h^X.] an arm of the lea ; the mou'h of a lake or river, which comxunica-es with the fea ; a frith. ESU'RINE, Adj \_i-jurio, Lat, to be hun- gry] corroding ; Iharp ; eating. ETC, a contrddidVion of et caiera., Lat. implying, and fo on ; and the like; and the left ; or, and others of the f.ime kind. To ETCH, V. A, [etiz,.'n, Teut.] to en grave on copper with aom (ortis. Fi^utjtivs- }y, to fK.;ich or draw. " To etch out th:;u iyftetRT.*' J^ocke. Suppofed to be \i(zi by miftake for eke. To move forwar.is by al- tering the diteiflion from pne fide toano'-her. ETCH, 3. in Huftandry, a urft crop, or a crop taken off ground wijich is f.iilow. " When 'hey fpw their i?/c/b crops." HTcriim. ETE'RNAL, Adj. [Fr. ,.«/.r««<j, Lit.] applied to the e;:iftence of the Deity, without beginning or end; endlcfs ; iiftmortal. Fi- guratively, per[.ietual ; conftjnt ; wiihcit in- intermiffion " Fiie; etuna! in thy te.nples ihine." Dryd. That wh.ch has iieea and always will be unchangeably the fame. "• t:icr- pal truths." Dryd, ETER'NAL, S, [eternel, Fr.] one of the appellations of God, implyijig his neccffiry ex)<>ei\ce. or his exiftence lj..;iofe ell time, ETER'HALIST, S. one who hold.i-that the world was never created, but exilled fro.Ti all eternity. To ETER'NALIZE, V. A. to make eter- nal, immortal, or to cxift without end. ETER'NALLY, Adv. withdut L.einning OT end ; without change ; froiii eicinity 10 eternity ; perpetually 5 conflantly ; or v/ithout interminion. EfER/NlTY, S. [eternite, Fr, ciernitai, jfcit.J duration, without begimiing hr end, ■ To ETE/RNIZE, V. A. [a;iernhier, Fr.] to render pcipetuJ, or endiels j to render immortal ; or immor'alize. E'TIIER, §, [nt::er, 'Lk. of oiO-!,.', Gr.] p thifij^fubiile matter or medium, much finer and rirer than air, which commences from the limits of our aimofph^re, and •p-ofi"eftcs''the jvtoolc hejvsniy fpnce, ' ' *' •'-"-._••.* EVA ETHE'REAL, Adj. formed of eth??, Pi? Kuratively, heavenly. ETHE'REOtJS, Adj, [athereus, La?, formed of ether. Figiiraiiv-ly, iipavenly. E'THIC, Adj. [sS.K©', Gr.j m.oral j coi;- riiiiirit; precepts of moralityi,. .' E'THIC AL, Adj. [E9jit<^,-.Gr.3 ipofal; treating on morality. J . - E'THIC ALLY, Adv. afver the manner qf eth cs, or moral philnfcphy. ETHICS, S. Without any -fingul^r, [eS**^ Gr.J the doilrine of morality; or that part of phiioiophy which treats of our duly as ic concerns us, either as nr.embers of fqcicty, ot as men, E-^THNIC, Adj.- [ESva^, Gr.] keathen j p igan ; not enlightene.i with the knowledge of the one and Hue God, oppofed tq Jcwilh ur ChrifVian. £-'IHNICS, S. heathej^s; idolaters, op- pofed to Jews and Chriftians, ETHOLO'GICAL, Adj. [from £9%, afi4 ?ioj/©^, Gr,] trcaiing of morality. ETIO'LOGY, S. [ama, and ?^py©-, Gr.J an account of the caufe ot a thing, generally applied to dilldmpers. ETYlViOLO''GICAL,. Adj, [from etyxo- /ay] reLiting to (he derivation of words. ' EfYMOLO'GIST, S. one v/ho featcbeij out the original, or Hiews the derivation ot wurds. ETYMO'LOGY, S. [of etymo'^gia., Lat. from CTi.'/.t(^, true, and AoyiS-', Gr. '.peech cf dilcouriej that part of gram. nar which treats of the origin and derivation of v/ords, ar>4 •hereby arrives at their primary or firft fjgai- ficiition ; the derivation of a vyord, or the ori- ;;inal wpvd from whence ano'her is derived ; the analyfis ofcotn pound words into priniitiytSr. E'TYMON, S. [Gr.j the primitive, or original word from whence another ie derived, EVA'CUA^'T, S. [cvacu~^"i, Lat.] m Medicine, a remedy proper to expel or carry y!T any ill, pcccanr, or redundant humours in the animal body, by the propet outlet? or emunflorief. To EVA'CUATE, V. A. [evacuaius, of n-iic'jo, Lat.j to empty or clear a thing or its conten-.s ; to throw out as noxious apd qf- ff.nlive ; to avoid by ftool, as thiough any of the excretory patTages ; to make yoid or annul. '• It would not e-vacuaic a marriige.'* Bac'f'., To quit, or withdraw from a place, " He nqver effeftuaily evacufttid Ciitioriia,^'^ EVyVClJA'TIOU, S. levacvaih, Lat.] a withdrawing, emilfion, or difchaige, which renoers a decrea c o* men fenfiblc ; abortion j or annulling ; the quilling of a country; a d\fch;rge i-rorured by tned cine.s ; the pra£kic|5 of emp'ving the bony by niW'iti/ies.- '' ■ To E'VADE, V. A. [e-vauo, Lat-] tq efcapc. elude; or avoid h^ art-.Ticc or ftraUfiemj to dr>.li;if: hi :\.'in^"„:t''. -. ; to cicape or tlodi %W»il:l , -■^Gv £V'AGAfTlQ-N, EVE EVAGA'TION, S. [eva^^itus, Lat.] the leaving oiF, or Wdndcting t'rom, a (iire£l coun'e or line. EVANE'SCENT, Adj. [e'vancfie^s, Ut.] vanifhin;; ; kfl'ening beyond ihe perception of the fenfes EVANGE'LICAL, Adj. [evargelique, Fr. evargelicus, Lat. of Bi>, good, and ay-s>.ii), Gr. 10 proclaim or deliver avmen"<ij.ej agrrtatli' to, or contained in the ^ofpel j agreeable to the doftrines of ChiiAianity, us contained in the gofpcl. EVA'NGELISM, S. the aft of preaching the gofpel. EVA'NGEI.IST, S. [evayyi\(^, Or.] a v.ii;er of the gofpel j one wno propagates Chriftianity. To EVA'NGELIZE, V. A. [e-vanj'e/ifo, Lar. ivayyiXilj!- Gr.j to inftruct in the doc- trines o; Ciiiiifiani y j to convert to ChrHfii- anity. EVA'NID, Adj. [e-vameius, Lar.] faint; \ve:ik ; vanfliing, or growing impeiceptible to the fig'it. EVA'PORABLE, Adj. [t-vaporer, Fr.] eafily difpeifed in turns? or vapours. ToEVa'PORATE, V. A. [et-apoyatus. L3t. of evafoio, Lat.] to exhale, drive away, or diflipate moifture into fumes, fteam, and vaoours. Fi^urdtively, to give vent to a ludden fally of the mind. " My lord of Ellex evapo- rateJ W\s thoughrs in a fonnet," PFotlov. EVAFORA'TION, S. [Fr. evaforatio, Lat.] the a<ft of flying away in fumes and va- pours. In Philofophy, the atft of exhaling the moifture of a body, or of Giffipating it in fur.es and vapours. It differs from exhdlaiion, bee; u e that is praftifed on dry, and this on moift things. Figuratively, a vent or dif-j charge. EVA'SION, S. [Fr. e-'afun:, Lat. of ez'a- do, Lat.] a ftratagem, artifice, or fophill;y, irade ule of as an excufe, or means of free- ing a perfon from a difiicuky. EVA'SIVE, Adj. pra<£li'fing artifice?, (o- phiflry, or flratagems, in order to extricate from a difficulty, or avoid coming to the point. EVA'.SIVELY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be guilty of fophiftry, fubterfuges, or ar- tifue. EU'CHARIST, S, [from v>, well, and p^2fif, Gr. thanks] the aft of giving thanks. Applied by divines to fignify the thankful re- mem brar.cc of the death of Chriftin thecom- niunion, or Lord's flipper. EUCKARl'STiCAL, Adj. [from F.vcha- riji] containing afls of thantTgiving ; relating to the fa<-r?mept of the. Lord's fiipper. EU''CHRASY, S. [£i-xf--»a, Cr.} an agreeable or good mixtun; ol quditirs and fluids in a human body, which denominates it healthy. LVEorE'VF.N, S.\afcn, Six. avcnd, or CJondf ?elg. and Teut. affun, Dan.j the lat- ter pniv. .31 dole of the day ^ the inteiv>il be- EVE tween broad light and darknefs ; the vigil, or faft to be obferved-in the church the ddy be- fore a holiday. In this itn\c eie isonly ufed j in the other, even cr e-ve indiflcrently. E'VEN, Adj. fmooth ; level ; capable of being divided into equal parts. Calm, applied CD the palTnns. To E'VEN, V. A. to make the height of two bodies, or the quantity of two numbers the fame, or par. He! j to make level. Neu- terly, to become even, or out of debt. E'VEN, Adv. [coniraifted in common con- verfation and poetry to ex/'n or e''ev] a word of flrong aflertion, implying that a thing is true in a lenfe, which is ihr moft dubious j equal to. So rruch as, vviien u'ed as a diminutive. When ufed as an exaggeration or heightened phrale, i: implies a tacit comp.irifon, which fcives grfat force to the words immediately following. In common difcourlc, pronounced tfVn, and ufed as a word of conceflion. " I ftall fV/i let it pafs." ColUcr. E'V EN-HANDED, Adj. impartial, un- biafl'fd. " E-ven-hiir.ded luiWct:.'''' Shak. E'VENING, S. the cioie of the day. E'VENLY, Ad./, equally J uniformly ; fe- velly ; in an impartial manner : .without ela- tion or dejedlion. " He bore his virtues (o e'venly.''^ Shak, No more nor lei's. " it was cvehlf fo.". E'VeNNESS, S. applied to furface, the (bte of being fiee from ruggednefs ; fniooth- nels ; levelnefs j the ftatc of a thing when it inclines not more on one fide than another ; impartiality or freedom fiom bias. Calmnei'i, or freedom from any violent perturbation, ap- plied to the mind. E'VEN-SONG, S. a fong fung at the cjofe of day ; a form of worfnip performed in the evening. " He tun'd both e-ven-jong and morn." Diyd. E'VEN-TIDE, S, the time of the evening. E'VENT, S. {evetitus, L^t.] an incident a£lion ; or any thing which happens either good or bad ; the refult or confequence of any aftion; the conclufion, or uoftior. EVE^NTFUL, Adj full Jf incidents j a- bounding with a variety of adlions or in- ciden'5. EVE'NTUAL, Adj. happening in confe- quence of any atlion ; conlcquentially. EVE'NTUALLY, Adv. in the evenr, rs- fult, or confeque.-iCe; confequentiaily. EVER, Adv. [afre, Sax. du aiva, in ai- iv:n, und aiiv, Goth. J at any time, when pre- ceied by If. Always j at all times p.ift, and at all lime to come ; to all eiernity. When repeated, it impl.es a ftronger affirmation that the time or duration of a thing /liall never end, or that it /liali continue the fame to all eternity. Followed by anon, it applies fre- quently, fucceffiv;ly, cr with a fmall paufe. " E''.'er and aj,on a filvcr tear Hole down." Dryd, It is fometiir.es ufed as anenforce- menc of the word piecedir.g. •' As foon as E V O to condition or circumftances. Mifchieyou deltrudlive, applied to ajiinials, <' An su pyVlL, S. Natural evil, h that defeft oE inconvenience which aule^fronri natural caufcij wUhouL our conlcnt or knowledge. Moca/ei/i/, s ihat inconvenience, which anfes/rom natu- ral caufes, by our own confent or choice ; or hat inconvenience which arifcs from the ai'jfeofoar elections. Applied to a choice, or ading contrary to the moral or revealed laws ot the Deity, it is termed ivickedriefs- oe fin. Applied to aiSling- contrary to the law^ of goverr.rneiit, a crim^. Applied to afting contrary to the meie rule ot fitnefs, a/a«/f. wh.en indulged or freq:jen:ly pr-diTed, ic is termed malignity, or tniz/icioi.r.efs. When ao- plied to tiie inconveniences refulting from want of wealth or friends, it is termed ca!r,>n:ty or niifery j but when to want of health, it i^ called a diftemper or difeafe. On the wh>ile, e-vdis what is apt to produce or increafe any paif!, or diminifh any pleal'ure in us j or elftj to prociire us any inconvenience, or deprive us ol any good. In Scripture, the confequences 01 (In ; an evil angel or devil, f' Peliver u^ (rom tt)?/." To E'VINCE, V, A, [evizu:o, Lat. ] to prove, make evident, or ettablilli by argutnentSa EV/NCIBlE, Adj, capable of being proved or edabliihcd by arguments. EVFNC1RI.Y, Adv. in fuch a manner a^ to force slient i.r ccnvidtion. EViTABLE. Adj. \]e-jitahins, Lat,] that may be fiirmnuiiteci or avoiced. EU'LOGY, :>. [frpm vj well, and 7.cy'^ EVE'RY, Adj. [afer ealc. Sax. e'z^fWrt', j Gr. a diicourie] a praife commemoration, or eld Eng.] each indiviojal or iingle p^rWon | panegyric j a nifplay or difcourfe in praile oj:' compolingany toUeftton oi men. E-vetyivhere \ the virtues ofa perion. in all places ; in tach place. I EU'WUCH, S. [from Eyvw, a bed, and e;^iu E'VES DROPPER, S. a perfon who gets' Gr. to have or keep ; they having the ch<tr^e clofe to a houie, or under lue wiiuiow, to I of tiie bed-rooms tn eaftirn couutiesj a per- he^iken to the oifcourfe, and difcuver the fc j Ton who has been caftrited. Figuratively, a (Cicis ol a f^imj^y. chief (officer of the houfiiold of aneafiernmo- Tu E'VICT, V. A. [eviHus, Lat. ofjnarch, fuch perfons only being fufiered to (vinco, Lat J m Law, to cait out ofa poffei j i'eive in places in their palaces, fion, or to diipoiici's by due couric of law. j To EU/NUCHATE, V. A. [from the EVICTION. S. tiifpolicffioa t>y a fentence j noun] to caftrate, or make an eunuch, at law ; pioot evidence, (-r certain teiHmony. j EVOCA'TiON, S. [i-vocatio, Lat. j the aifl EVl'DENCE, S. [Fr.J the ftate ot being! of calling out, " dn evocation of the deac| clear with relpeit to proof j Undoubted cer- from hell." Pope, E V I ff«r he had done it:" that is, irAmediately after he h.d none it, when ufed in compo fition, It implies always, or conftautly ; a: e-ver-gieen 1 gnifies alv^ays green, or gretu throughout the year. EV/£R-BUB'BL!NG, Adj. contiiiuJI), or always bubbling with murmurs. EVER DURING, Arij, eierudl ; contii.u ing J or islting witliout en^. E V'£R-GRE£N, S. a plant which retains its leaves and green colour through all the Icalons. EVERLA'STiNG, Adj. lading or endu- ring lor ever, or without end ; immortjl Ufed to imply time paft, as weli as time to come, but improi-criy, EVERLa'STING, S. eternity j eternal duration, whetiicr palt or future. LiicCwile a corded woollen fluff, m>de uie of for breeches arid waiftcO:its, anu receiving its name from its luppoled fttength. In Botany, a pea lo called. EVERLA'STINGLY, Adv. eternally j without end. EVERLA'STINGNE^S, S. eternity. EVER-LIVTNG, Adj. immortal. EVERMO'KE, Adv. always ; inceHantly : eternally. " Religion prefers thofc picAfurts which Jlaw from Liie prcieuce of God for ever- more" ^rdiotj, EVER i^LEA'SING, Adj. aSways giving plcafure. To EVE'RSE,"V. A. [everfut, Lat.J to overthrow, fubverr, or deftroy. To coiuofc, or explode, anpled to argu.nent. '' 1 he founoaiion ol this principle is totally e'vsrjij.'" Cl-Jmi. tainiy J teftimonyj prooi j a pcrlon who is fumnioned to prove any point or laft. Ufeti fometiaies in the plur.il without the s final, and (oiiietiirics with. To EVn/£NCE, V, A. to prove ; to dif- p.-,Vf.r or fhow ; to miike difcovery. EVTDENT, Adj. plain j proyed beyond douat ; notorious. EVyOENTLY, Adv. in fuch a ma.insr as to a^ipear plain and incluoitablc. E/ViL, Aoj. [efei, yfil, Sax, e^'cl, Belg. fii-il, Teut.j having oaa Ou^lities of any kind. Vvickcd, mjilicious, spphed to morals. Fi- ToE'VOLVE, V. A, [e-voko, Lat.j tq unrol J to unfold j or difentangle. E'VOLVENT, Adj. [e^vchens, Lat.] in Geometry, a curve, which reiults Irom the cvoluijon of anotfeer curve. E'VPLUTION, S. [cvolutus, Lat,] the aft of unrolling or ui. folding, in G'-ometry, the opening or unfolding of a curve or circle, w herebythe circuniterencegraduallvupproaciies toa right lioe, all its parts meeting logether, and equally evolving or unbending, lb that (he tame line becomes luccelTively a le!-. arcij of a reciprocally greater circle, till at laft they guratfvcly, falamitoijs or piil'cxable, ?pp!icd ti;r^ '»?'».» Uwif lipe. In Algebra, thu ex- •Cc , J ■ Jf jiclio|p EUR traftion of roots from any given power. In Tadtics, the divers figures, turns, and mo- tions made by a body of foldieis, either in ranging themielves in foim of battle, or in changing their form, whether by way of ex- etcife, or during an engagement. EVOMi'TION, S. [evomiius, Lat.] the aft of vomiting out. EUPHO'NICAL, Adj. [from euf^hony] founding agreeable ; giving pleafure by found. EU'PHONY, S. [iv, well, and <fa.v«, G'. a voicej in Grammar, an eafinefs, fmooth- nefs, and elegance ot pronunciation j an agree- able found. V EUPHOR'BIA, or EUPHORBIUM, S. in Botany, the burning thoiny plant. Lin- nsus ranges it in the 3d left, ot his nth claU. A gum drawn trom the plant is imported trom the Canary lllands, and the remoter parts ot Africa, and is ufed in medicine in finapilms EU'PHK.ASY, S. [euph-ajia, Lat J in Bo tany, the herb called tyebngbt, from its fup- pofed virtue in clearing the fight : it grow; nuurally in commons and fields, always a- mong grjfs, hea:h, and lurz, (Sc. " Pu^g'd with eupbrufy and rue — the vifual nerve." Par. Up. EU'PHRATES, S. the fineft river of Tur- key in Afia. It ilfues from two fources north wards of E-^zerum, in Turco mania, in lat. 40 aeg. 16 min. north ; buth which unite their ftreams three days journey below that city, to wliich pla:e fmall vtffels may come up ; but its navigation is rendered dangerous by a very rocky channel. Its couife at firft is fiom E, to W. through Turcomania j bur meeting with mount Taurus, it turns to the S. dividing that province trom Natolia, and then running on S. E. leparatcs Syria from Affyria, It alterwards pafTes throUj,h Eyraca, j Arabia, or ChaKea ; and having joined the Tigrif, continues the fame coui!eto B^ilTuia^ forty ci^ht miles below which city it difchargcs itielt into the Perl.an gulph. M-f..potamia or Paoanar^m isalmoft luirounded by tiie Eu- phrates and 'J igr s. EURO'CLVDON, S. [Gr ] a wind vhici blows between the eali an.: north in the i\'le duerran. an, and is vciy dangerous It u 01 the naru'c ot a whirlwi .d, falh (uddenly on fhips, mcikes them tacK about and fometimes- cauics ihem to luunder. " There arule a I tenipeiluous wind caJkd Euroclydun." A£h\ XXVI. 14. EU'KCPE, S. one of the grand fubdivi- iions O' quailer- of the lerraq icous gLbe, by the Romans caded Euiupj, as it is now by th^ Ital an; and S^ariaros, and Europe by ihc EngLflx and French, 'ihc Tu jis call it Ru- m^'j or Alfrtnk, the Gs^orgns, Fr,.nkoba an '. tie rt li- t)t Afia, funlcidan. Onti.eN. it has the Fozcn cceao or White Isa j on thi: S. the Mediitrtaiiean lea, civ.aing it trorn At'rica. On the E. it is buundcd by Ali-i, tiocn which it is patted by the Archipelago, EUR the Euxinc or Black fea, and the Palus Mce- otis, and from thence, by a line drawn from the Taniis or Don, almoft to the Oby in Mulcovy 5 and on the W. it has the Atlan- tic ocean. Europe ex'ends itfelf between Lat. 34 and 80 deg. N. and between long. 5 and 80 deg. reckoning the firft treridian to pafs through Teneriff. Its breadth as a continent, from the north cape to the cape Metapan in the Morea, is about 2600 miJes ; and its length, from the mouth of the river Oby in the E. to cape St. Vncent in Portugal W. about 2800. Tho' Europe be the leaft of the four parts of this lower globe, it has much the advantage of the others with regard to the mildnefs of its climate, the fertility of its foil in general, producing great plenty of corn, cattle, wine, oil, and in fhort ail things necef- lary, not only tor the fupport, but eafe and luxury of human li'e ; more efpecially noted tor the comelinefs,l>rength, courage, ingenuity, and witdom of its inhabitants, the excellence ut their governments, equity of their laws, ■ the tredom of their fubjecfs j and, what fur- , palies all others, the purity of their religion, namely, the fublime doftrines of the great and divine lawgiver Jeius Chrift, and of his imme- . diate apolUes. After the flood, Noah's pof- terity peopled Europe : but v/hether, as is ge- nerally believed, by the defcendants of JapheC, ■A ho came tVum Afia Minor over the Hellei- pont iaro Greece, or thole of Shenn paffing by land between the Cafpian lea and Palus Moeotis, who went through Tartary and Scy- thia into Scandia or Scandinavia, and from thence fpreading afterwards over France, Ger- many, (2fc. is not fo clear. Europe, however, has tor matiy ages been ex remely populous, <nd lome of her inhabitants illuftnous tor [their courage, wifdom, an 1 virtue: lo that lat d.fE;rent times they conquered by ihi» means the grratett part of Afia and Afriia, lut^jefting ihefe counciies to the two empires 01 Greece and Rome. And within thele- Let- ter ajjes, namely, tnree or four cen'uries ago, almoft one halt or the earth, formerlyunknown, has bt^en dilcDvcred by Europeans, and pclTef- ied ty the colonie' tt^ey have lent thnher Cbriiianity is profefTed throughout Europe, t;xct-pt i:i ttiat part 01 it occupied by the lurks, wtio are diiciples of Mahomet. Bur, by rea- lon of the corruption'; ana innovations grat(u-» ally iiitioi uccd into the tiiurch ot Roms, the v.et^ern church is divioed'; lo that Italy, iipa:r., Portugat, France, p^.-t of Germany, and ttie Netherlands, with Poland, ftill tollow tie doctrine of ttie Rcmi.'h chu ch : v hilft England, Scotland, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, great part o' Germany, tUe Seven Unitei Prcvincei of Hollsn-, Sw 'zrr- Uiid, iTi.. have ciobi'accd the relo matron, aad p oicfs ttie Prote!i.!nt religion. But in Kuflia, fonie few parts of Puland, in Wala- c.^ia, Moldavia, Podoiia, Volhinia, Greece, .(Sc. the dodliine of the eaftern oiGieck church is E X A IS followed. The Europeans have ^een m.-ift renowned for learning and arts ; for they have brought al) the fcienres to a greater perteftion than the Afwiics or Africans ever had done. Befides the invention and improvement of many , ufefii! artp, navigation particularly is entirely owing to the induftry and genius of the inhabitants cf ihis part of the world. The languages of Europe are all derived from thefe fix original one;, the Greek, Latin, Teutonic, or Old German, Celtic, Sclavonic, and Go- thic 5 difterent combinations and dialefis of which, wi h acciaental additions, bting the language of all the confideral)le parts of Eu- rope, fxcpt Tart.^ry an i Turky. EUROPE'AN. Adi. [of Europe, Europaiis, Lat. lome I'deins accent it on the iccon-- yllable. but the authority of all the great poets »re agaiaft tiie'nj brionging to, or a native ot Europe. EU'RUS, S. [Lat.J thr eaO wind. nEURY'THMY, S. ]iv, wA\, and ^v5,u(^. Or. rrief'fure of vere, or nanronyj h irmcny of veite O.I p!Ti,;ounciat on, EVU'LilON, a. [e-vuljio, Lat.j the aft of plucking off. EWE. .S. [eciv, Sjx. Kcncf, e-zve. Sax. marriage, an e-wtde. Sax. a tii ck, o:itve, fiel^;.} a femiie (hem. EX, a Lat n prepofuion, often prrfixecl to comp'unu Aoros lometimf^s fignifying, as in the ougiiia., out, as to exbauft, to drazu cut j fometiaies it o/ily en;.orces the me^Tiir^ ot tiie word to which u is join-o, and fomeiimes pro.Tuc.-s a Imall alteration in the fenfe. To FX.A'CKRBA 1 E, V. '\. \exucer>att'.i, of exacerbo, Lat. J to make rougher j to exa fperate ; to In ijihten ai y dilagreeable quality. EX -vCERBA'TION, S. incre.fe or mal.g- nity, or any had quality. In Medicine, the height ot a dileafe j a paroxvf'n. EXA'CT, Adj. [Fr. exan^s, Lat.] With- out the lead deviation troin any ruic or iland- ard ; accui^tcj honefb ; p.init.ul. To EXA'CT, V. A. \exacius of cxigo, Lat>J to require or demand with rigour ana auihdfity J to demand ^s due . to enjoin or iiifm upon. Neuterly, to require more than is the worth o a thing in fales ; to require rr.ore than is due in debts or contiadts j to be guilty oi extojt on. EX A'CTER, S. one that claims more than his Que ; or demands his due with outrage and rltour. kX A CTION, S. the aft of making a de- mana with auihutity; ttie demanding more than is due, or more than a ihing is worth j extortion ; a (oli j oi heavy ax. EXA'CTLY, Adv. with accuracy ; per- feftlv ; witn great nicely. EXA'C'I'NEii), a it^id conformity to a rule or Itandard ; a conduct legulatca with the greateft ftridtnets accoiding lo fome rule. To EXA'GGERaTE, V.A. [cxagj^cratus, Lat. of ejtaggeroj to heighten by oeUnptiun j EXA to reprefent a thing, or good and ill qvah'ty; to be gre.iter than tticy really rre. EXAGGERA'TJON, S. the aft of heap- ing tojethtr. '«The exaggeration of fand." Hale. A reprefentarion, wherein the good and ill quiliiies of a thing or pcrfon sre delcnbed to be greater than they really ; re. To EXA'GITATE, V. A. [exagliatui, Lat. ot exagito, Lat.) to put in motion. To EXA/LT, V. A. [exaher, Fr. from alius, Lat. hi^hj to lilt upwards ; to place on high. FigurativL-y, to prefer, or rai.''e to power, wealth, or dignity ; to elate with joy or con- fiience; to m.gnity with praife. To raile of make louder, applied to the voice. In Che- mftry, to lubl Tie, refine, er heighten the q'idlnics of a tiling by fire. EXAL TA'TiON, S. the aft of lifing up, or placing en h gh ; prefermen: or advance- men ; a Ifate of granoeur or dignity. In Altrolo^y, a dignity wh en a planet is fnppofed to acquire in ceitain parts ol figiis Or the zo- diac, which is imagined to give it an extraor- din ry power or ii.rtuence, EXA'MEN, S. [Lat, J an exaft and carefiU fearch ot enquiry, in order to aifcovcr the truth or ta.fh. od of a tt>iiig. EX -.'M.NATE, S. [examwatus, Lat.j an evcieuce or p^rlcn examined up.t.n 3 trial. " Afkeu in Icurn one ot the examinatnC Bac. EXAMINA'TION, S. [examiratio, Lzt.] a fcarth into the tiuiti of any tact, or the viTj.uy of ny evidence, hy queftions ; an ac- curate, n;ce, and lcrupulo«s enqu.ry after iruth. EXAMINA'T0R,S. [Lat.] an examiner. To hXA'MlNE. V. A. [exammer, Ft. txamxno, L,dt j f. try a perfon lufpefted of anycnm. y queftions; to afk a wiinefs quef- iiuns Oft a trial j to make inquiry into ; Co ry by experiment, obfcrvation, or the deduc- tions ol re.ifon. EXA'M1N:R,S one who fearcbes into the ver City of anevinence, by p'opofing t'urh quef- tio' s as ihall be fuiiabic to tti..t purpole. EXA'MPLE, S. {extmple, Fr. eximfJum, Lat.j any ihing prop..fed to b- copied or imi- tated j a precedent, or lomething of the fame kind which nas napi)cned before j a rule of condudt or ..ftion worthy of the imitation of others ; a perlon fit to be propofed as a pattern lor others to imitate ; a peikii punifJied for the admonition ot o hers, or to deter them from being guilty ot the f^me crimes j inaante, or lomething pioducea as an illuttratvon orconfir- matiou of what hiS been ail'erted, or wiiereia a rule is explained by an appLcdtion. EXA'NGUIOUS, Adj. [exauguk, Lat.] having no bloud ; having only animal jjices, n oppolition Hifuagsdjiecus. EXA'NlMAiE, Adj. [txaminhtus, Lat.] deprived of life. Figuratively, fpuitleft j de- jefttd; alrnoff leduced to de.tih'a door. *' Ex- uminoie iiy love," Thomjon. <^ c 3 EX<ANI- ^ EX ANIMATION, S. death ; ordepnva- ' tion of Itte. EXANTHE'MATA, S. [from e?, and »v6;jKa, Gr. a floweringj in Medicine, efflo- i-eicences, or l're,.ki'"^s cut on .he flcin. EXaNTHE'MATOUS, A^y. in Medi- tine, putlulcus ; ei-;iplive ; efflorcfcent ; dif- tclouring or torming pui'ules on the ikin. EXARTICULA'TION, S. [from ex and 'atticutus, Lat. a joint] the didocation of a ■joiijt ; the puttirg a bone o-jt of joint. To EXA'SPERATE, V. A. [cxafptratu^, bf exajteri}, Lit, J to provoke a perfon to anger by. fome diiagreeaols or offenfive adlion; to heighten or aggravate a dliierence ; to heighten or increafe the inflammation of a wound or diforder. EXASPERA'TER, S. one who heightens br increafes the anfi^-r of a perfon. EXASPERA'TIOM, S. areprefentationof 2 thing in fuch a li jht as to occafion great of- fence and provocation, " My enemies loaded me with ail the obloquies and exajperatkns they tould." K. Chnrlci. A provnc ;t:on or of- fence which exciic a perfon to violent anger or rage. To EXCA'RN^^te, V. A. [from ex a.nd caro, carms, La', flfli] to flnp off flefh. ToEXCA'VATE, V.A. [excat'aius, of iexca-vo, Lar.] to hollow, or make f;ollow. EXCAVA'TION, S. the ad of fcooping iout, or cutting any furface into hollows ; a hollow, or cavity. To EXCEE'D, V. A. [erctder, Fr. excedo, Lat.j to go beyond any limit, meafure, or ftandard 5 tt, excel or furpafs aiiother in any 'quality. Ncuteriy, to go too far ; to be guilty of excels 5 to go beyond the bounds of iitnels or duty; to furpafs in quality or Iquantiry. EXCEE'DING, Part, or Adj. furpsfling, or going beyond in dimer.fions, time, or any other quality. Sort'etinnes uled adverbially for a very great or remarkable degree. " Ex- ceedirg powerful by f'ea." Kaicigb. To EXCE'L, V. A. [exceikr, Fr. txcslio, Lat.] to furpafs another. EX'CELLENCE, or EX'CELLENCY, S. [e^celltr.ce, Fr. excchir.tia, Lat.] the poIleiTing any good quality to a greater degree than ano- ther on a cocipirifcn ; parity ; goodnels ; a title of honour uiually given to generals in an atrny, ambafladors, and governors. EX'CELLENT, Adj. [Fr: sxcelltr.s, Lat.] pcffclied of great talents or virtues} eminanc, or fiiperior toothers in good qualities. EX'CELLENTLY, Adv. very well. To an eminent or remarkable degree, applied both to good ai.'d bad qualities. " Comedy is excel'enilf iftftruttive." Dryd, " Someiimes fo e^ctlieiiily ill." Fope, To EXL'E'PT, V. A. [excepter^ Fr. excepi- tus, of txdpio, Lai. J to leave out; to mention •5-s not included. Neuterly, to objedt to. '^' Thits couid nut except agjiuil," Loike, ' EXCE'PT, Prep, excluding ; not Includ-* \ni. " God \and his Son eyccpt — none he feired." Par. Loji. ILulefs. "It is.im- poHible to do it, except we know it.'* riiiotf. EXCE'PTING, Part, not including, or taking a Phing into an account. EXCE'PTION, S. [Fr. t ceptio, Lat.] the exclufion from, or not including a perfo'n or thing in a precept, pofuion, or general hw^ " An etceptton to fome." Addij. " In ex- ception to all general rules." Fope. A diflike or I ffence. " He nrft took exception at this badee " Shjk. EXJE'PTIONABLE, Adj. liable to ob- jeftion. EX' E'PTIOUS, Adj. fond of making ob- jeftions ; peev.fli ; eafily ofiended. EXCE'PTIVE, Adj. including an excep- tion. EXCE'PTLESS, Adj. without exception ; without raifingany objedion ; general ; uni- ve.'fal. EXCE'PTOR, S. one who raifes objec- tions, or makes exceotions. tXCE'RPTION,' S. [exceyptlo, Lat.] the aft of gleaning or feleding; tne thing fcled- ed or gleaned. " Saving fome few excerp- //f'»i." Raleigh, EXCE'SS, S. [exces, Fr. excejhs, Lat.] that which is beyona the bounds of mcdeiati- on, or thole limits in v;hich virtue confifts. A relative terrr., implying the quantity or de- gree whicn one t.hing or quality has more than another. Applied to p^iTion, a height or violence bt-yond tlie bounds of reafon. in- temperancf, or too great an indulgence in meat or drink, EX^ £'S,S1VE, Adj. [exccj;/, exc,jj;'z,-e,Fr.} beyond any Unnits or common lianiJard, with refpeft to quantity, quality or bulk ; vehe- ment, or beyond the juft bounds or mcafuies prelcribed hy reafon. EXCE'SSIVELY, Adv. in a great or im- mederste degree. To EXCHA'NGE, V. A. [changer, Fr. excainbiare, low Lat.] to change, or give one thing for another ; to give and take recipro- cally. In Commerce, to give money for a bill, or to fettle the exchange with different countries. ^ EXCHA'NGE, S. the aft of giving and receiving one thing for another. In Com- merce, the fixing of the aftual momentary value of money between otf^erent countiies; the thing given or received in lieu of ano- th^-r; the plzce where merchsn'.s muet to ne- g.iciate their affairs. A bill of exchange, is ihat which is drawn by a perfon in oae king- dom, on one refiding io another, tor fuch a (um there as is equivalent to a fum paid or cftimated here. EXCHA'NGER, S. a perfon who remits money to foreign parts, or deals in bills of exchange. To E X C ■To EXCHE'AT, V. A. See ESCHEAT. EXCHri'ATOR, S. See ESCHEATOR. EXCHF/QUER, S. [efcbr'^uin; Norm. Fr. fdicch.iivrn, lov/ Lat. from fchatm, Teut. a rrcalurej ihe court to which all the reve- nues of ths crown are brought. It coiifilis of two parts, cna of which is the taking cognizance of all caull'S relating to tlie king's coiiers, and is like wife a court of record, wherein all caul'es relating to the revenue are tried ; the other part is called the receipt of tie t::cbeauer, which is pioperly employed in the receiving and paying money. EXCl'SH, S. [acch, Be!g. excifum, Lat.] a tax or inripofuion laid by the government on commodities, for fupporting and anlu^ring the exiaenciis cf fhe i :?te. To EXCl'SE, V. A. to levy a tax on a perfon or thing. EXCI'SEMAN, S. an officer who is em- plyyed in the infpedlion of goods which are fxifeable, and in coUefting the fums they are rated at. EXCI'SION, S. {eyt'cifio, Lat.] the ad of cutting ofr, or entirely deftroying a nation, or the jnhibitants cf fonae place. EXCITATION, S. [Fr. from cxcitam, Lat.j the ■ €t of putting into motion ; the a£t of roufing or awaicening. To EXCl' TE, V. A. [exciter, Fr. excUo, Lat.] to roufe from a Hate of inadlivity and indolence to one of aftion ; or from a ftatc of dejeftion and defpair, to one of courage and vigour ; to put into motion ; to awaken ^ to roufe. III tkftrical Experiments, to make tlie globe OS tube fit to communicate the elec- trical virtue by fridion, EXCI'TEMENT, S. the motion by which a perfon is loufed horn a flate of indolent inaiflivity to one of vigourous aftion. EXCITER., S. one who (Hrs up to aftion ; the caul'e by which any dormant virtue is put in aftion j or any thing is put into motion. To EXCLAI'M, V, N. [exdamo, Lat.j to cry out with vehemence and an exalted voice, fometimes occafioned by fudden grief or exceffive pain ; to fpeak againfl:, decry, or reproach with outrage. EXCLAl'MER, S. one that makes ufe of frequent exclamations ; cne that runs down, raifes ocjtftions, and rails apainft a petfoti or thing with vehemence or paflion. " I mufl tell this paffioHite ex-claimer.'" y^ttsrb. EXCLAMATION, S. [Fr. o'. exdama- t'to, Lat.] a vehement outcry ; a railing or outrageous renroich of a perfon or thing ; an emphatical utterance ; a fiijure in rhetoric, wherein, by raifiny the voice, and ufing an interjeftion, either exprefled or underftood, v.e teftify an uncommon warmth and paffion of the miud, and exprefs the inagniiude of tne thing. In Printing and Grammar, a point placed alter an exclamatian, and maiked Ihus (!). E X C EXCLA^VTATORY, Adj. prataififlg, or confiltins! of exclamation. To EXCLU'DE. V. A. [exchido, Lst.] to (luit out, or hinder from entrance ; to de- bar cf any privilCj-C, or hinder a perfon from partaking with another • to except to any doftrine j to deny a perio;> a right or enjoy- ment in any grint. EXCLU'SIGN, S. [Fr.] the^aft of fliut- ting out. Or denyng admiiTion; rejeftion, or not admitting a principle J an exception. In Natural Ilillory, the hatching or letting the young out of the egg. EXCLU'SIVE, Adj. {e^cluff, exclufi<ve, Fr. Irom exc/u/^i, Lat. ] having the power to deny or hinder cnrrancs or admifTion j debar~ ring from the enjoyment of a right, privi- lege, or grant ; not taking into an account, computation, or calculatmg j excepting. To EXCO'GITaTE, V. A. [^excogitatusy tiom exccgito, Lat.j to find out OS difcovcr by thought, or intenfe thinking ; to invent. " Excos;i!ated hy the heathen." Hak. ToEXCOMMU'NICATE, V. A. [ex- cowmunier, Fr. excomtr,untco, low Lat.] to ex- clude or debar a perfon from having any fellowihip with a vifible church, or at lead from partaking of the facrament of the Lord's fupper. EXCOMMU'NICATION, S. [Fr,] an ecclefiaftical cenfure or puniftiment, whereby a peifon is denied the privileges of a church, or from communicating at the facrament of the Lord's fupper. The few inftjnces, if not the total dilut'e of the pov/er of excommu- nication in the eftabliftied^church of late years, is an amiable inftance of the benevolence of ito rulers, and fliould not only raife admira- tion and praife, but likewife conv:r(ion and coraformity. To EXCO'RIATE, V. A. [of ex, Lat. oft, and cor'wm, a hide or flcin] to flay, or ftrip off the fkin. EXCG'RIATION, S. lofs of Ikin ; the aft of flaying, or flripping of t e Ikin. EX-CO'RTlCATiON, S. [from ex ahd cortex, Lat. the bark of a tree] in Botany, the pulling or peeling off the bark of trees. EX'CREMENT, S. [Fr. of excremen- turn, Lat.j that which is difcharged at the natural palFaee of the body. EXCREME'NTAL, Adj. that which is of the nature of, or voided as excrement, EXCREMENTI'TIOUS, Adj. containing excrement. EXCRE'SCENCE, or EXCRE'SCENCY, S, [excrsjcence, Fr. excrej'cens, Lat.j a fupet- liuous part growin.' out of another, contrary to the original form of a thing, or the com- mon produftion of nature. In Surgery, fu- (lerfluous and luxuriant flefli giowing on the parts of bodies ot animals. EXCRE'SCENT, Adj. [Fr. excrefccr.s, Lat.j fuperflutjuliy or luxutioufly growing out of a thing, Cc4 EXCR-. fe X fe ^XCRE'TION, 5. r*^s«B/;», Lat.j in Me- bicine^ the ait of leparating excrements ard cxcrenientitious huriiours trom the aliments or blood, and expel ii2g or ejedling them Jrom the boJy. , EXCRE'TIVE, Adj. ['fa-n-vus, Lat.] navmg the power of feparating or ejecting ex- crements, or cxcrementitious humours Iroir the body. EXCRU'CIABLE, Adj. [from wrww.vj .tormenting, or having the power of torment ihg. To EXCRU'CIATE, V. A. [txcruciatus, of excruao, Lai.] to loriiirc or torment. To EXCU'LPATE, V. A. [I'rom ex and frilpatus, La. J to clear trcni any atcufaiion, or »rom a charge of a crime or fault. EXCULPATION, S. an apology or vin- Qication of one charged with a }duh ; an en- deavour to vindicate a perlon fiom an accufa- tion. EXCURSldN, S. fF'. (xcurfum, Lat. of 'ixcuijo, Lat, J an atteti>pr to leave a fetiled fe X E • EXE'CRABLY, Adv. iii fcch a maMef as to deferve to be accurfed. f igurativeiyi abominably j in a very bad manner; hate- fully. To EX'ECkATEj V. A. Iticecrclui, of txeeror, Laf.ij to lurfe as au objedl containing the mi. ft abominable, deteftablc, and wicked qudluKS, Figurajively, to deleft j to abo- minate. EXE'CRATION, S. £ curfe ; an impre- cation j or wiihing fomc evil to a perfon or thing. To EXE/CUTE, V. A. [exicuter, Fr. oe- cutuiy o* txe^tior, Lat.j to dilcharjje or per- form a commuTinn, or duty, to puta law, or any thiog planned, in pr.ftice ; to put to deatr«, according to the fentence o. the law. EXLCU'IION, S. the perforir.ance, ot pradt ce of i thing ; ad'tion. In Law, the laft ft in ciufcs of debr, wherein pntver is given to the plant.fi'to icize the defendaiu's goodi and body j death tnfliaed by law j death j ' fiaughter. LXECU'TIONER, S. he that puts in aft ; j)ath j a ramble; an expedition into diflant _ , _ ^_ faartj ; a progrefs beyond the common limits |'*^^ '^^^t intiids punilhiiient on an oficnder , and boiJndaries. Applied to the mind, a oi- j ^''"^ r-rion or indriiinent by which any thing grelTlon or departure Aom the luojetft a perfon j '^ pertormed. is treating of. EXECU'TIVli;, Adj. having the quality of EXCU'RSIVE, Adj. rambling; wandc- i !^'^-'"" 'f'g "r ptrforming. AGive, or putting Sng ; or deviaiing. EXeU'SABLE, Adj. [Fr.] that for which any apology may ne made, and admitted. EXCU'SABLENtSS, S. tke quality which rendeh a thing a fit objtft of being pardoned. EXCU'SATORY, Adj. pleading in e.<: Ctife; afligning a motive which may remove blame, and vindicate a pcrfon's conduft. To EXCU^SE, V. A. [excujer, Fr. excu- le, Lat. J to lelten guilt, by aligning foitie circumfldnce which gijy rcndif the commil fion of a fjult lefs blameable; to dUl-harge a perfon from a duty orobl.gati'^n ; to pal's by without blarrie; to ihakfe an ap. i >gy, dclencr, or vindication, in order to wipe off any a(pci- j ifion, or clear from any imputation. into execution, oppoied to ddihera:ti-e or Irgi- EXECU'TER, S, he that performs any th;ng pbnneu ; he that executes a defign ; a perion who inflitfts the puniihment fentenced oy i!ic law. E.^E'^UTOR, S. a perfon who is nomi- nateo by a teftator to perform the articles con- tained in his will. EXE'CUTORSHIP, S. the office of a perlon appointe.i executor oy a tcflator. EXii'CU iKi-X, S.a woman Hurufted with the per yrnancc of ihe Wiii of a tcftatur. EXEGt'SlS, S [Cr. a wora ufed as an ex- plication of another : Thus in the words If" Jibba<) Futkiri" uled in fcripiure, the word \fathir IS the exegrfu, or explanation of the EXCU'SE, S. an apology or plea o^l^'ered in p'y'c vioxd abba, Likewife a comment to ■a pcrfon's vindicatiotl ; a realon or motive affijnen lo juf>iiy from accufatiin or guilt. EXCUSELtSS, Adj. wi'hmt any mo live or rcafon to frcK from blams or punifn- mcnt. P^A'CU'SER, B. one who pleads frr, or one who iorgives or pafies by the taults of, ano ther. To EXCU'SS," V. A. [txcuffus, L?t.] jn Law, to e.ze and detain a pcnuri's prn- J>erty. " Uiiie s his goods and r(ta:e be firit )Xc:U/SSKjisf, S. {ixcuffxo, Lat.] the r.a of eizing. "If upcn an txcuijion, ihare be BO' gidii; t'> lEtisly." ^y-ff^- rXb' RABLE, A-'j | Fr.J fo dfeie/lablr, abon^iBablr, oi wiik-J, as to dcfeivc to be itiirlcd. Figuratively, very bad. ^ explain any booii, or autiior's writings, EX£GE-riCA.L, Adj. [i^e^eVi^, Gr.] expii'.ning ; by way of eX|)iaij.tuon. EXE'iviFLAR, S. (Laij a model, pat- tens, (.r oiigiiial, to '-e im.tated. EXE'Ml'LARiNEiS, S. ihe (late-of be- ing prc'p-led as a patte.-n, and worthy ot imi- taiion. EXCiMPLARY, Adj. worthy of being ptopoi=d as a pattern for the imitation of others, applied both to pe'fons and things. Such as may deter and give warning lo others, jf plied to p'jnifhment-. Remarkable. EXEMPLiFICA/TJON, S. a giving an eJ:- omple In J-aw, the giving a copy, or draught ol ill original record. To EXE'.^1PLIFY, V. A. [excrhplum and y.s, Lat.j to illultrate, or enfcrtt, by an ex- ample fe X E S X # hhip\c or ir.ftance. In Law, to ttatifcribc orjof the jsarticles of a botly j an ebullittori cf Copy^ j eftervefcencc. •' The inward exefiuatiom of To EXE'lVrPT, V. A. [fxetrftas, Lit. ihe blood." BofU. ^exempt bought oft'j to free from at y obligation or (duty to privilete. EXE'MPT, Adj. freed from fsrvice, office, obh>aiion, duty, or tax, by privilege ; noi liabie to EXE'MPTION, S. [from ex and einpt'w. Lat J freedom from any fcvce, obligation, tax, hiirthen'.ome employm ni,orliw EX'EQUIAL, A.ij. [:rom exejuia, Lat.] belonging io a tunei:il or ounal. EX'EQU lES, S. [n hai? .o fingubr, from fxi-juia, Lau] luifCral rues or csremonies. '• 'I'he iragicai end of the two brothers, vvhofe ?.vfy«'f'."' D'^yd. EXE'RCENE, AHj [esr«rff«s, Lat] prac ti(ing j following any ir.e, employment, or vocatir.n. "Ever exercent advoiate." Aiil'iffe. EX'ERCISE, S. [exerc'ij^, Fr. exei-atium, i.ar.J a mouon ot the limb , or aftion of the body, coiifidced as conducive and neceflary ;o health ; fomethiog done by way of amufe- ment 5 an adtion by vt'btcb t;ie boi'y it form- ed 10 gracefulnefs and fl:reng;h ; any praif^ice by v^hich a peri'on is rendered fkir'jl in the performance of a d )tv or dilcipline. " The eAwrZ/e of the foliders." Ufa or aSujl appli cati&n and pradic-. of a thing ; e.np.cyment ; any thing requir. d to be ptrformed as a lafk ; an application oi the mind to ftudy. To EXE'RCISE, V. A. [exercje of ex freer, ¥r. c^.erceo, Lnt.J to employ the miiid in c jnfidenng an objcift j to ule fuch action of the body as is necelViry to keep the fini^f ;n aiotion and prefeive health ; to train, oi each a perfon any diicipWn- by frequent prac tice ; 10 tafk, employ, or keep bufy ; to prac tife ; to txert, o.' put in praciii. . "To ^extrcife domition over thim." Mat:, Sx. 25, To praCfife the dilTctci-.t ev.ilutions or an ar- my, in ordi r to attain Ikill in military dif- cipline EXERCISER, S. one who afts, performs, or practile?. EXERCITATION, S. [Fr. oi exerdtatio, Lat.J exercife ; piac'.ice; a frequent repeti- tion ot I he f-me aftion. To EXE'RT, V. A. {exertus o( exero, Lat.J to ule with an application of foice, vehe- mence or vigour ; to put forth or perform. To apply ftrength, foice, or vigour, tiled with a reciprocal prnnnun. EXE'Rl'lON, .S. the aft of bringing into aftion, including the idea of force, vehe- m<fice, ftrength, or vigour. EXE'SiON, S. [extfui of excdo, Lzt. to eat outj the a6\ of eating out, or eating a way through, " Theophraflusdenieth the exefion of vipers through the belly of the dam.'" Broiun. EXESTUA'TIO>ir, S." [ ex^ftuatu:, Lat.] foyu E'XETER, S. the AUgtifta of the Ro- mins, Ifca ot Ptoieiriy, and Antoninns's Caer- c-n<., or Pen-caer ot tne Britons, and the Ex- anoefter df tl!e S.ixons, atterw.i'ds abbreviated to Er.c«!}er, and Exeter ; {q called from the river £■?, on which it ffand.';. It is the capital of Devoi.fhire, and called the London of the W. there bein>; no city between it and the Land's-end, which is ic3 miles diftant. It is A-alied round, and was the feit of the Weft S'S'> s. Here feverai Roman coins, and other intiquities, have been dug up. Formerlv thore werelonuny monafter.es in the pl^ce, tliat it was called Monkton. Befides chapiiis, and five large meeting-honfes, ate (fill twenty churches, in the city and fuburb.i ; .imong which if the cathedral or St. Peter, where it is common to fee hundredso f people at morn- ing f-rvice by fix, fummer and winter. This 'is a m.iyor town, and a county of irfelf, which fends two members to parliamen''. It has a long bridge over the Ex, wuh houfes on both lides. Here ?re tour pr.ncipal ftreets, (one of which is called the High-ftree')al] centering in the middle of the town and cailed Carrox a corrupiioa, fays .r.y author, of the old Nor- man quatre 'voix tor -voyes, i. e. the four ways, though it would rather feem to be carreau, the fquare. Here is plei.ty of water, which is conveyed by pipes; and an old caftle called Rougemont, where the aflizes are kept. In this city and fuburbs are hofpitals, a work- lioufe, almshoufes, and charity-fchools, toge- ther with :\ county-infirmary, of late ere£lion. Formerly fliips could load and unload at the water-gate ; but the navigation having been obftru£ted, fluices and gates have been fmce made by a£l of Parliament ; fo that veffelj «f 150 tons can come up to the quay. In this own is a brifk trade, particularly in ferges ; and her- are twelve companies. It is the fee of a billrop, which Edward the ConfefTor tranflated hither from Crediton. Tojifham, (ix miles below the town, may be looked upon as the port of Exeter. \z gives title of earl !o a branch of the Cecil family. It lies twelve miles N. of the Engiiih channel, and 172 W. of London. The weekly markets here are on Wednefdays and Fridays, and an- nual fairs on Afh-VVednefday, Whitfun- iVIoriday, Auguft i, and December 6, for horned cattle, horfes, and almoft every cotn- modity. Of all thefe, the Latnmas-fair is the moft confiderable for ferges and woollen ftuffs. To EXFO'LIATE, V. A. [of ex »nd Jol'nim, Lat. a leaf] in Surgery, to fcale a bone. EXFO'LIATION, S. the aft of fcaling a bone; or the ftate of a bone which breaks oft' in fcales. a fermentation or violent internal cemnlotion I EXFO'LIATIVE, Adj. that which h the E X H tnfe powfr of fcaling a bone, or of produ- cing px'olistion. liXHA'LABLE, Adj. [from exhale] that which may be raifed, confuted, or diifcrf cd in fnmc'f, or exhalations. EXHALA'TION, S. [exhalatip, Lat. ] s fume, confiftir-g of dry, fubtile corpufcle"^, or effluvia, lroren(.d fc^orn hard terreftrial bodies, either by th-^ heat of the fun, agitation of the air, the cledlricity of th« atmofphere, or fG:Tie o;h<^r caiife, afcending by the l.iws of hydro- ftalics, or the repulfive,or eleftrical quality ot the air, to a certain height in the atmofph'jre, jdeniiinds imniedijte affiflance and rehef j any where they mix with other vapours, and fa-in prtffing want, dlfcrcrs, or fudoen occafion. E X O EXHORTATION, S. [Fr. exhortans, Lat.] the motive which can induce a perfon to perform any duty; the J(f1: of l^iyiiia luch motives before a pe.-fon as may iuc.te iiiai to pertorm a d'.ity. EXHO'RTATORY, Adj. containing mo- tives to incite a peribn to perform a cuty. EXHO'RTER, S one who endeavours to pcilaade or incite a otrfon to perform a duty. EX'IGENCE.or EX'IGENCY,S. [ex]gtr,!, Lat J a want, ne<efilty, or difircfs, winch clouds, &c. The aft of exhaling, or feuding torth effluvia or exhalations. To EXHA'LE, V. A. [exhalo, Lat.] to dravir forth or emit efHuvia, or cxh.;latii>os. EX'IGENT, S. [ex^geKi, Lat.j a prclTing bufinels; want ; or an aSair which requires immediate ifliliance and relief. EXIGU'ITY, S. [exigultai., Lat.] fmall- Figuratively, but improperly, to exhauft, dry j re's ; lirtlcn.-;!? ; flindtrncfs. ■up,ordifperfe anv Pioifiure in iteams or fumes, j Eiii'GUO'JS, Aoj. [exiguus, Lit. exigu, EXHA'LEMENT, S. an effluvium; a i Fr. j fmall, minute, applied lo fize. vapour ; an exhalation. | E'XiLE, S. [e-il, Fr. exilium, Lat. though To EXH.A.U'ST, V. A. fex'>aujlus, cf ex- ^now univeriaily acented on the fiift, it baurio, Lat.] to drain any fluid or liquor ; UDrmtrly was accented indifferently on todra-AT out till nothing remains. je.ther fyiliblej the ftate of a perfon who is EXH.'IU'STION, S. the a£l of draining, j driven from his country, with an ord€r not or drawing dry. Figuratively, an entire wafte, j to return, or confumption. . j I'o E^XiLE, V. A. [formerly accented on EXHAU'STLESS, A-'j. not to he emo- s the laft, by Dryden on both fyilables, and at tied, drained, drawn Cry, or totally confu- i prei'cnc on the firft I'vilable only] to expel or med. (drive a perfon from a country, with a ftridt To EXHI'BIT, V. A. \^exh'ibitus, Lat. j j prohibi;ion not to reurn during; l:fe, or within of exbibio, Lat. J to cfFer to view or life ;! a certain time. Figur;uively, to expel or ba- tn propofe in a full affembly, or public jnifli any Ha.i or gooo quality from the mind, iranrer. j EX'ILEMENT, S. the ftate of a perfon EXHPBITER, S. he t'lat offers any thing j banii1)eo his country, as a charge or accufation, in a public manper; ! EXlLl'TiON, S. fex/7/f/o, Lat.] the a£l he that fxpofes any curiofiiy, natural or artifi- j of fpringing and ftretching our with vehe- cial, to public view. Imence and fuddennefs ; explofian. "Will EXHIBI'TION, S. [Fr. exhib'it'w, Lat.] not take fire with noife and exHicion." thea£t of difplaying, explaining, or rendering 1 .Crown. vilibie and fenfible ; the aft of expofngtoj To EXl'ST, V. K. [rxipr. Ft. of exijfo, public view. In Law, the bringing a ch.irge Lat.] to oe ; to have aftuai being, or exil- or accufation againft a perfon in a public or tence. bpen court. Allowance, fil.ry, or penfion. "Driven toiive in exile on a (mall exhibition.'''' &7vif. EXHI'BITIVE, Adj. containing a repre- ■fent:iion or difplay. ToEXKJ'LARATE, V. A. lexhilarafut, cf exlitaro, Lat.] to cheer, comfort, or in- fpire with gaiety. EXHILARA'TION, S. the aft of infpir- ing with chearfulne's or joy ; the ftate of a perfon infpired with joy or g 'icty, applied to a fenfation of pleafure, which is lefs than joy, but cf fomc aflfinitv with it. To EXHO'Rf, V. A. \eyhoner, Fr. of txh'.rto, Lst.] to induce a perfon to the per fijrrnance ot a thirg or duty, by laying tuc motive of it, and its confecjnences, before a perfon ; ro call upr.n a perfon to perform, pr remind him of his duty. "We befetch anri EXI'STENCE, or EXl'STENCY, S. [exifiencc, ¥t. exij}entia, Lat.] that whe eby a ihii.g has an aftual bsint; ; ihe ftate or being; aftiid!, or re.ll, fruition of being. EXl'STENT, A:'j. [exijiant, Fr. exij}e»s, Lat.] in being ; in .iitual iiuitioii of being. EXiSTIMA'TlON, S. [cxijlirr.^it'jo. La'.] opinion, eiteem, reputation, or the opinion the public has of a man's talents, abilities, and vurues. t'XIT, S. [the third perfon finguiar pre- fent of e::eo. Lit. to go out] in Theatrical W'liii.Tgs, implies that a perion is pone out of fight, or off" the ft-ge. Figuxatively, a de- partu:e from lile ; oeath ; a pafling, or paf- faa/ our of any 'iloCd. 'eX'ODUS, or EX'ODY, S. [sj out^ and oJc;, Gr. .! way or pafiage] the fecond book of the Old TeH.>nitnt, wrote by Mofes, fo called e::hzrt yoo by the L'crd Jcfus." T/if^'i iv. i.'Jby tiis Scptuajiint tranfiator?, becaufc it con- uin* t%6 bins the departure of the Uraelites from Egypt ; bef.des which, it comprehends the hifioiy of !viofes's birth, education, and flit;ht ; the op preilions of the Ifraelices in Egypt ; MoTes's reiiirn.fronrj Medii ; his coHimiriion to Pha- roa'n ; the plagues he wrought in Egypt ; ;he departure ot the Jews ; their paiTage through the Red-Sea and the Wildernefs ; the man- ner oi" -_'iving the law ; the ereif^ion of the tabu-nacie, and celebration of the fecond paf- fover ; and contains the tranfafiions of 145 years, beginning from the death of Jofeph in ihd 2369th year of the wcild, and 1631 be- fore Chrift. The Jews call it Feele Semoth, i. e. Thefe Names, from the two firft words inj|the Hebrew. EXO'MPHALUS, S, [from e? aud ofA,- •^tO-l^, Gr. the navel.] In Surgery, a rupture jij the navel. To EXCNERATE, V. A. [excneratus, of txonero, Lat.] to unload; 10 difburthen ; to free/from any thing which is troublelome on account of its weight. EXONERA'TION, 8. the aft of difbur- thening, or getting rid of a thing which op- preiles by its weight. E'XOR ABLE, Adj. [Fr. oi cxora'Uis, Lat.J to be moved by prayer or emrcoty. EXOR'BITANCE, or EXO'RBITAN- Cy, S. [exorbitant, Fr. the acT; of going out ei tlie common tracl or road j a grofs or en- ormous deviation frona the rules of virtue ; boundlefs depravity. EXO'RBITANT, Adj. [Fr. of ex and orbitOf Lat.J leaving or quitting any rule pre fcribed, but more efpecialiy thofe of virtue cr morality j not comprehentien in any law, " Caufes exorbitant, and fuch as th,;ir laws had not provided for." Hookc. Enormous ; immoderate ; exci flive 5 oeyond bounds. " So cndlefs and exorbitant ate ihedefircs of men." Sliiift. To EXO'RCISE, V. A. [slofKi^^, Gr.] to adjure by fome holy name ; to onve away evil fpirits by ufing fome hoiy name ; to free a perfon from the influence of evil fpirits by religious ceremonies. EXO'RCISM, S. [E^ofKKT//.©', Gr.] the form of adjuration, or r^iigous '"eremonies made ufe of to free a periori from the influ- ence of evil fpirits. EXO'P-CIST, S. [ef^fxij-i?, Gr.] one who by adjurations, prayers, c^c. prctenda to drive 3wav evil Ip riU EXO'RDIUM. S. [Lat] in Oratory, the begmriing or opening of a fpeech, in which the audience is ptepared to hear what follows with attention. EXOSTO'SIS, S. [from £f and orew, Gr. a bonej any unnatural protuberance of a bonf . EXO'TIC, Adj. [e^otW^, Gr.] foreign; noi produce:! in our own country. EXO'TIC, S. a foreign plant, or a plant growing, or imported Irom abroad. toEXPA'ND, V. A {erpando, Lat.J td preal, or lay open like a net or cloth ; to di- late ( EXPA'NSE, S. [ex/'anfiitn, of expandi, Lat.J a booy widely extender!, and having no inequaiitic? .0 its fur. ace ; a furface ; extent. , LXPANSiBi'LITY, S. capsbienefs of be- ing expanded or flietched out to greater di- me nnon'. EXPA^NSiBLE.Adj. capable tobeftretch- ed 10 a livie extent. ' EZPA'NSION, S. diftance or fpace ab- ftractealy confidered, and di'lmpuilhed ffotn cxttrjion, which implies, according to Locke, •' ciftance only then apuii.d 10 the folid par'.s of matter." In Metaphysics, the idea ur laliing and perfevenng diftancc, all the parts wh'ireof exift together. In Phyfics, the ■cl of dilatinji, flretching, or fpreading out a body, whereby its bulk or oimenfion is en- cx'cihd, whether interiialiy by elafticity, or externjlly by rarel iftion. Figuratively, the ft?te of a thing which take up more fpace than ic ufed 10 do j the aft of ipreading out a thing; exent ; or fpace to which anything is fprej.i 'IT f^xtended. EXPA'NilVE, Adj. having the power to fpreau or extend to a large fpace. I'o EXPA'TIATE, V. A. [ex{>atiatus, Lat, of exputior, Lat.J to rove or range with- out ci nfinement or regard j to prefcribe li- mits; to enlarge, or treat of in a copious manner. To EXPECT, V. A. [expcSIo. Lat.] tt> look otJt after ; to have an appiehenfion of iuture g^od onevil ; to wait or fiay for a per- fon's coming. EXPECTABLE, Adj. that which may be im.igtnei to be produced by, or to come from. '■ Spiritual operations jre not expeSiable from vice," Brrivn. EXPE'CTANCE, or EXPECTANCY, S. [expeSant, Fr.J the a£l or ftate of a perfon who waits lor the coming of another ; fome- tiiiiig waited for; hope; or that which peoolc had .'ormed vaft hopes fiom. EXPECTANT, Adj. [Fr.J waiting in hopes of the arrival of a perfon, time, or tiling, or of fuccesding another in any office. ^^ Tht expeSlar.t heir." Sivift. EXPE'CTANT, S. [Fr. expeBam, Lat.] one who waits for the arrival of a period of time, perfon, or thing, or the fuccefiion to any place ; or is dependent on the promifes and favours of another. EXPECTATION, S. [Fr, expeclatia, Lat.J the a£t of the mind, whereby it has Itnowletlge of fomething not prefent, but waits in hopes of its arrival ; the ftate of a perfon who waits for the arrival of any per- fon, period, or thing ; dependence on the promifes and favours of another for future iood . " Wait thou only upon God, for all my expeBathn is from him," P[al, Ixii. 5. Th« EXP The ohjeQ which p*oj>le form great hopes of : the Msffuh. " Why our great typeiiatiot. Aould be calleo — ihe leed of woman." I'ar Ls/7. EXPE-'CTF.R, S. one vho vk-aits for, o- has hopes oi, pteietment in ^ dale j one vthc waits lor the arrivd of a pcrlon, thing, i period. To EXPECTORATE, V. A. [from « V-M. out ot, ana pettui, ftEioris, Ljt. th* kieaftj to void phlej^tjn, oi other maitrr, which ©uflruifls the vcfftls ot the lungs, by coughing, banking ol ipitting. EXPEC'iORA'TION, S. the ad ofdif- thaiging any excrenr.er.titious matter from the breaft j the evacuating, or ireei^i^ the oreafl from phleum, or any vilcid matter, v.hich obftru^s the vefTeh of the hings, orftreightcns the bread. EXPECTORATIVE, AHj. having the quality to promote the cleanfing the bieaft, or lungs, of phlegm, or other vifcid matter, •which obft'ui'ts the veflelFrfthe lungs. EXPE'DlENtE, OT EXPL'DJENCY, S. \^exj>edtent, Fr,} the fitnels or propiiety of a means to the attainment of an end. EXPE'DJENT, Adj. [Fr.] proper to at- ttin any particular end. EXPE'DIENT, S, [Ft.] a means proper to promote or forward an end j a fhilt, or means hit upon on a fudden to ward off any calamity or diftrefs, or elude any punifli- ment, EXPE'DTENTLY, Adv. jn a manner pro- per to attain an end. To EX'PEDITE, V. A. [expedftus, of ex- ptdio, Laf.] to free from any obltrudlion or impediment: to haften or quicken: to dif- patch, or itTue from a publick office. E'XPEDITE, Adj. [expedhus, Lat.f^uick; performed foon ; ninable, or aftive. EXTECITELY, Adv. with quicknefs, leadinets, or hafte. EXP£L!PTlON,S. [Fr.] quicknefs, ap- plied to time or motion. A march or voyage, with intent to attack an enemy. To EXPE'L, V. A. [expello,hsK ] to drive cut, or make a perfon quit a place by forcf To t\f.€t or throw out, applied to the animal fundions. EXPL'NCE, £. [experfuK, Lat.] coft, charges j moi:ey liid out for any ufe. To EXPE'ND, V. A. [eyptndo, Lat.] to lay out, or fpend money. EXPE'NSELESS, Adj. without coft or charge ; without fpendina money, EXPF.Tv'SlVE, Adj. given to fpend money; proatgai ; extravagant, applied to a perfon t-oftly ; requiring money, appl-eri to thing?. Liberal, generous, giving money freely, in i good fenle, *" This requites an afti»e, ex fcnfivt, an.l indefati|;able goodne.fs." Sprat EXPR'NSIVELY, Adv. in fuch a m.m- Ifer 3S requires the fpencing rniic^i money. EXP£'NSiVEN£SS, S. ihe aG of profufe- E X P neff , or fpending money immoderately ; deij" iflf, or "andm, - pT <in id d grr-^t lum. tXPE'i^ FENCE, S. [Fr experientia. Lat.] ..r,)- ire ; trequrnt irul ; kno^le;ige gained hy ircquent pr.ttic-, and ootervation on the com- I on ore u r^n- f-S o' life. ToEXPE'RlE^fCE, V. A. to try, or pradtiic j r , kii' w hy practice. EXPERIENCED, Part. Iklful or wife, oy Sttq i-ni pra (ice or experience. EXPE'RItNCER, S. one wno makes fre.. qiient tidf, or exoeriirents. EXPE'KlMbNT. S. [experimsnter, Fr. ex. penmevtum, Lat. j trial of any thing ; a trial .Tiade ol the retult ot ceriain applicaiions and motion? of bodies, in order to difcover their eftefis, heir laws, and relations, or to be able to aiiive at the true cau e of the phaenomenon otcafioned thereoy. To EXP'ERJMENT, V. A. [experimenter, Fr.J to try, to ditcovcr by trial. EXPERIME'NTAL, Adj, [Fr j pertain- ing to, or built u'von experiments; known by trial and experiment. Experimental pbiloi'ophy, i£ that which deduces the laws of nature, the properties ,)nj powers of bodies, and their ac- tions on each other by fenfmle experiments, and tr.als, made with that view. EXPERl'iMENTALLY, Adv. by expe- rience; by trial; b^ having been fenfible. EXPERIMEN'TER, S. one who makes philoloucal experim rnts. EXPE'RT, Adj. [Fr. expertus, Lat.j fkil- ful, or knowing in a.iy particular office, art, oj- bufinefs j dexterous. Ul'ed with in before the oijeil oflkill, but with of ly Pope. 'Ex. pert efatms.'' CdyJJ'ey. This may be ow- ling to the authors imagining it to be de* rived from expert, Lat. which governs a ge- nitive, but is ufed in a difteient fignifi- cation. EXPE'RTLY, Acw. \n fuch a manner as dilcovers fkill. EXPE'RTNESS, S. fkill. or knowledge, in any sfijir rr undertaking F.'XPIaBLE, Adj. [Uom expiate,] capable of being atoned, rendered kind or propitious, by fiifiering or punishment. ToE'XPIATE, V. A. \expier,Yr.expiatus, o( expio, Lat.j lo make faiisfaftion or atone- ment for fiiif, by fiifJ'ering th;; punifhmcnt due to them, or by fubiiituting fomething equiva- lenr to, or indead of them ; to avert the threats of an omen or prodigy. EPIA'TION, S. [expiatio, L t.] any fuf^'ering enrured, or equivalent made, or fa- c-ifice offered, to invert the punilhmcnc due to fin, and to tender the Dciy propitious lo the cftVnrier. EX'PIATORY, Adj. having, the power to .!v;r- thf divine wr.th from puaffhine (ins. EXPILA'TION, S. [cxpUut:o, Lat.j rob- brry. Jn Law, thcadl ot comtnitting wafte upun lands to the lots and prejudice of the heir. 6 EXPIRA- EXP EKPIKA'TION, S. [erpirarus, of (xpho, LaC.J in Medicine, that aft by which the breach is forced ovit of the lungs j the laft galp, or breath; vapour, breath, or the matter expired j thecelfation, or end of any period ot time. To EXPI'RE, V, A. [e^plrer, Fr- e:<pho, Lat.] to breathe out; to "fend out fumes, va- pours, or exhilations ; to cW't, conclude, or bring to on end ; to perifli ; to tly out wich a blalh To conclude, finifh, or terminate, ap pl-ed to tims, or nny period. To EXPLA'JN, V. A. {ixplano, Lat] to clear up an/ difficulty in a book, or expreflionj to illuftrate. EXPUA'INABLE, Adj. that which may ke rendered more eat'y or plain to the ur.der- ftanding. EXPLAINER, S. one who clears up any difficuhy, or renaers a thing more eafy to be underftood. EXPLANA'TION, S. an illu'^ration or comment, whereby a p.'.flage is rendeiedmore eafy to be undeiftooH. EXPLA'NATORY, Aj. containing an illuliration, or tuch remarks as render a thing eafy to be underftood. EX'PLETIVE, S. [expktfvum, Lat. o1 ex- pktus, from e^pleo, Lat, J a word which is ufed merely to fill up a vacancy, or make up the number of feet in a verfe. Do or does, are, by modern poets, efleemed zirmrt expletives, but jf it be evident that they increafe the force and energy of anexpreflion, and ferve tod ftinguifh the lenfcs of a verb, they can by no means de- ferve the name, and fhould be rather locked on as auxiliary words, than fuch as have no me:'ning. EXPLICABLE, Adj. that which may be explained, underftood, or rendered mtelHgible. To EX'PLICATE, V. A. [ext/vatus, Lat. ot explico, Lat. J to unfold. To explain, or render any difficulty more eafy to be under- ftood. EXPLICA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of opening, or unfold'ng. Figutativelv, the acl ot explaining, or rendering ^ny diffituit palT.ige or doftrine plainer, or more caiVto be under- flood ; the lenfe given by an explainer j an inferpretation. EX'PLICATIVE, Adj. having a tendency t9 explain, or tendfer a thing more eafy to be underftood. EXPLICA'TOR. S. one who expounds, or rendeis any difficulty more eaiy to be un- derftood. EXPLI'CfT, Adj. [explidte, Fr. expHciiui, Lat.] unlolded. Figurativciy, plain, eafy, ob- vious, oppofer, loohjcurt, or implint. EXPLl'ClTLY, Adv. pUinly ^ dlreftly : without implication or inference. To EXPLO'DE, V. A. [exp!ocio, Lat,] to drive out with con;emp', clamour, and dil- grace. Fipurativrly, to re.ie£t with fcorn. EXPLO'DiiR, S. it perfun who ihews con- EXP tetnpt by hifTing ; one who rejefls an opinion with deteftation, or contempt. EXPLOIT, S. [Fr.] adefign accoinplifli. ed ; a fuccefsful and renfarkable action in war. To EXf LO'RE, V. A. [exphro, Lat.^ to make tital of j to fearch into by trials ; to diC- cover by examination 5 to try, in order t<» make difcoverie?. EXPLO'SION, S. -{exphfio, Lat.] the aft of driving out any thing with noife and vio- lence ; the noile made by the burfting or firing ot gunpowder. EXPLO'SIVE, Adj. driving out with noife and violence. EXPONENT, S. {exporem, L?.t.] ia Arith'r.etic, the number which expretles how often a given power is to be divided by iti root ere it be brought to unity. EXPONE'NTIAL, Adj. in Geometry, ap- plied to curves which partake of the nature of algebraic curves, as confif^ing cf a finite number of terms, though they be indetermi- nate, and in I'ome mealure of the nature of iranlcendental curves, becaufe they cannot be algebraically conftrudled. To EXPO'RT, V, A. to fend goods fr«m our own to foreign countries for fale. EXPO'RT, S. a commodity fent out of the k'ngdom to foreigtjiparts. EXFORTA'TION, S. the aft or praftice of fending goods to foreign markets fur fale, EXPO'RTER, S. he that fends commo- dities to foreign countries. To EXPC'SE, V. A, [e^pojer, Fr.] to lay open, fuhjetc, or make liable, applied to ri- dicule, cenfuie, examination, punifijrnent, ca- lamity, >.pr danger. EXPOSI' riON, S. [expojltus, Lat ] th? fuuatfon in which a tniug is placed with refprifl to the fun or air ; an interpretation, commer.t, or treatife, to render the [cn^<i of a writer more pi. in and intelligible. EXPOSITOR, S. [Lu.j an explainer. To EXPO'STULATE, V. N. [exp.^ftula. tus, i.f expofliik, Lat. J to debate, reafun, or ar- gue, with a perfon hy way of complaint againft iometliing. EXPOSTULA'TION, S. theaftofrea- foning, or reptelenling a thing to another by way of cimplaint. EXPOSTULA'TOR, S. a perfon who ar- gues with, or brings a complaint to another. EXPO'S rULATORY, Adj. containing the repiele'-tation of a coinpliiaC. EXPO'SURE, S. the ii\ of h)ing open to public view and obfcrva'.ion j the (Ijte of be- ing fubjeit or liable to blame, puniftiment, ri- dicule, or djnger ; a fituation m which a thing lies ooeri 'o fhe fun and air. To EXPOU'ND. V. A \expcr,o,'Lit.] to inteiprtf, or expl liii any diffiailt ojliage ; to lay open, in ori.er to ex.imine. " He exp(.und' \edh th his pockets." Hudlh. The lalUcnfe I IS a Latinifm not 10 be imitated. I EXPOU'NDER, S. oae who explains. To EXP To EXPRE'SS, V. A. [txprejfus. of ex. ■tihno Lat. expr'imer, Fr.j to rcprefent in woras, or by any oi the ^imitative ans oi poetry, fciilpture, or painting. To utter, ap- plied foleiy to language. To declare one's fentioncntr j to Iqueezeout ; to lorce out by preffure j to extort by violence, " HjUcis and racks cannot exprejs from thee — more than thy deeds." johnfon. EXPRE'S^, A6]. copied or bearin'j: a near refemblance, applied to the imitative arts of painting, drawing, fcuipture, and poetry. In (jiredl terms, applied to language. Clear, oi without any ambiguity. EXPRE'SS, S. [expra, Fr.] a melHinger ient with expedition on purpol'e to deliver a particular meiTage ; a m^iLge ,; a declaration in plain anddiredls terms. EXPRE'SSIBLE, Adj. that which may be uttered, or commun'-cated by v>ordsj that which may be ioued out bv fquctzing. EXPRE'SS ION, S. [Fr.j the aS o? communicating an idea by language j the par- ticular form, manner, or ilile uli^d in commu- nicating one's ihcughts 5 a phraie 5 the aft of fqueezing or forcing out any thing by picf- fure. In Piintir.g, a natural and lively r^pre- fentation of the fubjea:, or of the feveral ob- jeds intended to be fhewn, whereby the hu- man body, and all its parts, have the aftiun fuitableto it: the face exhibits the feveral paflions proper to the fubj-jft andproper ob- fervation is had of the motions ihcy imprefs on the other external parts. EXPRESSIVE, Adj. having the p.ower of uttering or reprefenting. EXPRE'SSIVELY, Ad. in a clear and di- reft manner, applied to language. EXPRE'SSIVENESS, S. the power cf re- prefenting, or conveying ideas to the mind. EXPRE'SSLY, Adv. in diredt terms ; plainly ; pof.tively. EXPRE'SSURE. S. [from expreffus, Lit.] expreflion, or the conveying ideas by lan- guage. •' More divine than breath or pen can give expre£iire to," Shak^ The form, or likenefs defcribed. " The exprejjure of his eye, forehead, &c. Skak. Mark or im- prefllon. " The exprejjurt that jt bears," ~ Skak. To E'XPROBRATE, V. A. [exprobratus, of w/)ro'o, Lat.j to charge with a thing by way of reproach; to upbraid. "To expro- hrate th?ir ftupidity." Broivr.. EXPROBRA'TION, S. a te^sroachful ac- cufation. " A denial with fcorn, a taunting exprobration" South, To EXPRO'PRiATE, V. A. [from ^.v mi prcpiius, Lat.j to alienate; to refign one's property to a thing ; to make a thing no longer one's own. " Vv hen you have re- figned, or raiher configncdy you? exprcpy:aicd will to God." Boy!e. EXl U'LSiON, S. the aft cf driving out ; Ihi itaie of a peifon drivf.i cut frtfli a j-iace. EXT EXPU'LSIVE, Adj. having the power o» diivingor foicmg our. To EXPU'KGE, t'V. A. [expungo, Lat.] to blot or rob out. Figuratively, to efface, or annihilate. EXPURGA'TION, S. {expurgafio, Lat.] the dCt ot purging or cleanfing. Figuratively, purification rrotn ^ a mixiureSjOr from error and faliliooJ. "Arts and Jeatuing want fx- purgr.tian.'''' Bii,-u>n. EXPU'RGATORY, Adj. employed <in clearingaway what is noxious, erroneous, or amii's. EX'OyiSiTE, Adj. [exqulficus, Lat,] fearthed > uc with care; fo excellent or per- feft as lo iliew great care in the fearch, or greitex^ftucTs ani Jabour in the produii^ion ; fuperlative. "With exquijitc malice." K, Cf.arles. EX'QUISITELY, Adv. perfectly ; accu- rately ; completely; in fuch a manner as Ihews no Imail p^ins in ihe difcovery or pro- duftiun. EX'QUJSITENESS, S. nicety; perfeftlon; owing to great care and pains. EXSU/CT;0N,S. [ex &nd fuSh, L»t.] the aft of draining or drawing out by fucking. EXSUD.'i'TION, S. [exfucla:us, of «- /««£), La: J the i.ft of difch.<rging by fyveat. ToEXSU'DE, V, A. [exjuJo, hat.\ to difchirge by fwejt ; to diftik, or exhale.. To EXSUF-'FOLATE, V. A. [fifelar, Ital. j to whifper, or buz in the ear. " Such i?;^/!^.!!/^ and blown fiirmife.-," ibak, A word peculijr to the author quoted. To EXSU'SCITATE, V. A. [exfufcita- iui, Lat. of exujujci'.o, Lat.] to roufe, or itit up. EX'TaCY, S. See ECSTACY. EX'TANT, Aoj. [cxiani, Lat.J ftandins out or above the other p-rts of ihe iuriace. " That part ot the teeth which is extai.t above the gums." iJay. Public; not fup- prefi'cd J ftill to be met with, applied to booits. EXTA'TIC, 01 EXTA'TICAL, Adj. car- rying or tending to fomething without ; lap- turous, or elevating to the h.glieft degree of joy and tranfpott. See ECSTATIC, EXTE'MPQRAL. Adj. [exte!i:porain,l.iX.'\ fudden ; without any preparation or pienje- ditatiou. EXTE'MPORALLY, Adv. quickly j without any preceding fti;dy or prepiration. EXTEMPORA-'NEOU'^, Adj. [exiempo- ra»£tn, Lat.] occalioned ; fuJden ; not allow- ing cr giving any time for preparation or pre? meditation. EXTE'MPORARY, Adj. [sxtsmpcrarius, Lat.j fudtlen ; quick ; formed ^withcpt It'udy^ preparation or prem.editaiion. EXTE'MPGRE, Adv. fudde.-ily ; with- out previous thoyeht or ftudy ; v.'ithput prer me:l;tafion, Sotnecimes uled as ao adjeftjve, " A long exiemporp QifferCation." Sp(£f' }^°f EXT To EXTE'MPORIZE, V. A. to fpeak wi-.hout preme.iraiion. '' The extemporizing facul'y is never more out of its element than in the puip't.'' South, To EXTEND, V. A. [extendo, \.it.] to ftretch out towards any part ; to fpread ; lo enlarge the furface of a ihing. Toencreif.-, applied to force, ftrength, or duration. To connmiinicate, or impart. In L,»w, to felzf. EX TE'NDER, S- the perfjn, or means, by \"hich any thing isllretchei. EXTE'NDIBLE, Adj. capable of being made wider or longer. EXTE'r-JDLESSNESS, S. an unlimited, or iinboundel extrnfion. EXTENSIBI'LITY, S. the quality of be- ing made wider or longer. EXTE'NSIRLE, Artj. cap=ib!- of being ftretthed wider or longer ; c.'p'.iile of including or comp-ehendin^ mo't i'"^:. EXTE'NSIBLEMESS, S. the qu:,lity o\ being ftrercr.ed wdcr or ionggr. EXrE'N-^ION, S. \e'ter^f.o, L^t.] the adl of encreafing ihe lengtl: or l.readth of a thing; the fl te of a thinp: vhsre length or breadth is enrreafed. In Phytics, the diftance befween the extremes of a folid body. EXTE'NSIVE, Adj. wide ; large. EXTE'NSIVELY, Adv. widely ; larscly. EXTE'NSIVENESS, S- largenefs j wide- nzk ; diftiiliven°fs. EXtE'NSOR, S. in Anatonny, a mufcle by which any Imn is extended. EXTE'NT, S. [extentus'L^l.\ the diftance between (he extremities of a thing ; the fpace filled j Communication ; diftribuiion. In Law, an execution, or ("cizure of a perfon's goods. To EX'TENUATE, V. A. {extenuatus, Lat.] to make fmall, narrow, or flender ; to make lean. EXTENUA'TIOT>]', S. [erter,-uatus, Lat.] the aft of reprefenting things lefs ill than they are. ivliiigationor alleviation, applied to pu. niihment. A lo's of flcfti, or decay of the bony, in rvTedicine. E'XTE'RIOR, Adj. [Lat. erterieur, Fr.J outward ; external ; not elTential. To EXTE'RMINATE, V. A. [exte.mi Tiatus, of exterinino, Lat. J to root out ; to deftroy utterly. " To explode and extertr.ir.ate rank atheifm." Be-t. EXTERr.lINA'TION, S. lexterminatlo, Lat. total deftrudtion. " Whether dil'plant- ing, or e-trermiiation of peoole." Bacon. EXTERMINA'TER, S. [Lat,] the perfon who lays wafte a country, or utterly deftioys its inhabitants. To EXTE'RMINE, V. A. [e^emilvo, Lat. J to deftroy ; to put an end to. " Your fvrr.jw and my grief — weie both extermir.ed." EXTE'RNAL, Adj. outward ; from with- out ; outward appearaftce ; or that which «p- pcjrs to the fight. EXTE'RNALLY, Adv. outwardly. EXT EXTILLA'TION, S. [from ex znAftUh, Lat. to fall in drops] the aifl of falling ia i!rops. " Extillation of putrefying juices." Dtrh. To EXTi'MULATE, V. A. lextimulatus, of extunulo, Lit. J to prickor incite. " Ex- iimulat!% and incites unto espulfion." Bro^vn, EXTIMULATION, S. pungency j or the po'.ver exciting motion, fenfation, or adion. Things infipid, without any exthnulaUen,"' Bacon. E/XTINCT, Adj. \extir..r^us,L^t.-] quench- ed or put out, applied to fire. At a ftop,w:th- out any furvivors, applied to fucceffion. Abo- hfhed or our of force, aoplied to law. EXTINCTION, S. [exdnaio, Lat.] the aft of quenchii!g, or putting out, applied to <ire. The ftjte of a t.ling quenched j utter deflruftion ; fucprtffi in. ^ To EXTIN'GUISH, V. A. [.xtin^^uc, Lat. J to put out or quench, applied to fire. To fupprefs or deftroy, apj.iii.'d lo the paflions. To cloud, eclipfe, or oblcuie bv fuperior fplen,- dcr. " Hit natural graces that extin?ulfh art." iihak, EXTIN/GUJSHABLE, Adj. that may be put out, quenched, fuppredcd, or deftroved. EXTIN'GUISHFR, S. a hollow' cone which is put on a candle in order to put it ou\ EXTIN'GUISHMENT, S. the aft of fupprefiing, deftroying, or putting an end to :^ tiring. AbrJition, applied to laws j the aft of taking away all the defcendants or furvivors of a family. To EXTFRPATE,. V. A. [extirpatut, Lat. of extirpo, Lat.J to root out j to deftroy utterly, EXTI'RPATIO'N, S. [Fr. extirpation Est.] -he aft of rooting out, or utterly de- ftroying. EXT'iRPATOR, S. [Lat.] one who root* out ; a d,?ftroyer. To EXT'OL, V. A. [extolh, Lat. to praiie ; to magnify with praife. EXTOLL'ER, S. one who praifes or mag- nifii's with praife. EXTOR>SIVELY, Adv. in a violent man^ To EXTOTvT, V. A. [extorti^s, from eX- (crquco, Lat.] to draw by force ; to gain a conielTion, or to make a difct-very by violent means ; to wreft an expreflion from iis plain and obvious meaning j to gain by violence and oppreiTion. EiXTO'RTER, S. a perfon who makes ufe Oi cpp'x-fiion, or violent or indireft means. 'EXTORTION, S. [extorfan, Fr.j the aft or praftice of gaining or acquiring by (orce ; ihe force or violence made ufe of to gain a thing. " EXTORTIONER, S. one who grows rich Ty vloifnce ; one who praftifss extortion. To EXTR.'l.'CT, V. A. [extra^um, fupine ol extrabOf Lar._i to draw ^r t.i.ke cr.s thing from EXT from another ; to draw by chemiflry. In Arithmetic, to find the root of any number. To abridge or tranfcribe any paflage from a book or writing. E'XTR ACT , S. [extraaus, Lat.] in Phar tnacy, the purcft and fineft part of any fub- ftance, feparated by difiblution or digeftion of a proper menftruum, aHd afterwards into a thick, motft confiftence by diftillation, or evaporati«n over fire. In Literature, an abridg- ment of a book, or a tranfcript of fome paf- fage. E'XTRACT, Part, drawn out ; feparated from. EXTRA'CTION, S. extraalo, Lat] in Chemiftry and Pharmacy, an operation v/hcrc- I X u erring fpirlt." Sbak, Roving beyond sny p?ei fcribed forms, or the hounds of moderation ; immoderate 5 irregular; not reduced to rule; prodigal ; or prnfufelv expenfive. EXTRA'VaGANT, S. one who is in- cluded or cornprehended in any general rule or definition. In the plural, applied x^ thofe decrees of the popes, which are added to the canon law. EXTRAVA'GANTLY, Adv. contrary ta all rule j in an unreafonable or immoderate degree; profafelv ejcocnfive, EXTRA'VASATED, Adj. [extravafir, Fr. from exira and i;aja, Lat.] forced out of the vcfTels. EXTRAVASA'TION, S. theaftoffor- by effences, tindtures, fe^f. are drawn fromjcing, or the ftate of being forced out of its natural bodies. In Surgery, an operation by proper velTels. which any foreign matter lodged in the body is taken out. In genealogy, the ftock or I'z EXTRE'ME, Adj. [Fr. of fWrrmai, Lat.] greateft, applied to degree. Utmoft, or far- mily/rom which a perfon is defccnded, Inithermoft, applied to fituation or time. La^, Arithmetic, extraBlcn of roots, is the method or that which has nothing beyond it, Prel- of finding the roots of ^ivcfj numbers or auan- 1 fing, applied to danger. Extreme unclion is tities. one of the facraments of the Romifh church, EXTR A'CTOR, S. a petfon or inftrument ty which any thing i.i taken out. EXTRAJUDl'CIAL, Adj. [from extra, Lat. and judiavm, Lat. J out of the regular courfe of proceedinj; in law. EXTRAJUDICIALLY, Adv. in a man ner different from the common or ftated courfe of procedure at law. EXFRAMUNDA'NE, Ai]. [(torn extra, Lat. beyond, and tnur.dus, Lat. tne world] be- yond*the bounds of this material fyftem. EXTRA'NEOUS, Adj. [extraneui, Lat ] not intrinfic or elTential to a thing 5 foreiga, or of a different fublbnce. EXTRAO'RDINARILY, Adv. [from fx- traordinjry^ in a manner out of the common method and order ; uncommonly ; eminently; remarkably. EXTRAO'RDINARY, Adj. [from extra and ordinar'tjs, Lat.] different from, or out of the common courfe or order ; fomething more or better than common. Uled adverbially, for the fake ot pronunciation, inftead ot.«rraor- dinarUy. " Any things that are extraordinary rare." AddiJ. EXTRAPARO/CHIAL.Aij. ^extra, Lat. without, zni paroc hi a, Lar. a parifhj not in- cluded or co.Tiprfhended in anv parilh. EXTRAFRO'VINCIAL,' Adj. [from extra, Lat. and prcvincia, Lat ] not within the lame province ; or not within tjie jarif- diflion of the fame perfon. EXTRft/VAGAN E, or EXTRAVA- GANCY, S. [extra-vagancc, Fr. extra and ■vagans, Lat.] an excurfion or fally beyond prefcribed bounds; irregulirity j wildnels. an immoderate heat or vi-'lsnce, applied to tfip paffions. Wafte or fupei-rtuous expence. giijarit.es ertuheraacn.^^ Mo or., EXTRA'VAGANT, AJj, [Fr. ^i^frai'-Jr EXU'BER^NCE, 3 [F ■ • . gani, Lat.] wandering out of or beyond the l.ai.j ovcig-owih , fu.'ejflu> >. jpiel'vtibed bounds, f' Thp ex'triL'Jinf ^nA^ltk •, abu/idance ; lu^ij.ii - is miniftered to people dangeroufiy ill, and confifts in anointing them with holy oil, and faying a form of pravers for them. EXTRE'ME, S. the utmoft point, or high- eft degree of any thing; points at the great- eft difirance from each other. In Logic, ap- plied to the predicate and fubje£l in the con° ch'fion of a fyllogifm. EXTRE'iVIELY, Adv. in the utmoft de- gree. Very much, or greatly, in familiar language. EX TRE'MITY, S. [extremlte', Fr. extre- mitat, Lat.] the utmoft parts, or thofe fartheft from the centre or rniddle ; thofe points which are moft oppofite to each other ; the remo'eft or fartheft part of a country ; the utmoft de- gree of violence, diftrefs, or poverty. To EXTRICATE, V. A. [extrkatum, fu- pine of extrho, Lat.] to free a pe;lon frorn any pcrclexity or difficulty. EXTRICA'TION, S. the aft of fre.ing from perplrxity, diSlciiltv, or danger. EXTRrN.SlC,Adj. [extrir.fecus, Lat.] out- ward ; external; not ij> the fubftance or fub- jed iti'elf", EXTRINSICAL, Adj. [extrinficus, Lat.] external ; outward ; from without. To EXTRU'DE, V. A. [extrudo, Lat.] to thrufc out ; to drive off by wsy o( violence. " The (ez K^tn been extruded a.ld dr;yen ofF cy thtr mud." Woodio, EXTRU'SION, S. [extrujus. La'.] the aft ot thrufting or driving oijr, " An extr^' f;on ar d elevation of others." Burnet. EX rU/BER.'^.KCE, S, [fr..m e' a.-.d (uber, Lat. a wen or kooLj a knob or p^rt whitl; rifc3 above the felt of a 'U' ace, fr ' "■ . rrg^ ritta. EYE EXU'BERANT, Adj. [fxuierans, Lat.] growing with fuperfluous /hoots, applied to pJants. Luxuriant ; faperfluoufly plentiful j •■bounding in the utmoft degree. EXU'BERANTLY, Adv. abundantly.even to the higheft or a fuperfluous degree. To EXU'BERATE, V. A. [exul'eratus, cf exubero, Lat. J to abound in the higbefl: de- gree. *• That vaft confluence ani immenfity that exnberatci in God." Boyk. EXUDATION, S. the aft of emitting moiflure through the pores of the body, in fwcit 5 the metier iffuing or proceeding from any body in form of fweat. To EXU'LCERATE, V. A. [cva/«ra/aj, of exulcero, Lat. exu'.cerer, Fr. j to make fore with an ulcer j to affedl witii a running or corroding humour. Figuratively, to affli£t, enrage, or corrode. EXULCERA'TION, S. the aft of caufing or producing ulcers j the beginning of an erofion, which wears away the fubftance, and forms an ulcer. The ad of inflaming or enraging, applied to the mind. EXU'LCERATORY, Adj. having a ten- dency to produce ulcers. ToEXU'LT, V.N. [fre/rs, Lat.] to be affefted with a high degree of gladnels or joy. EXU'LTANCE, S. a tranlpcrt of joy or gladnefs. EXULT A'TION, S. [exuhatio, Lat.] rap- turous delight. EXUNDA'TION, S. [ixundatlo, Lat.J an overflowing. Figuratively, a great abimdance. *' The txundation and overflowing of his tran- fcendent and infinite goodnefs." Ray. EXU'PERANCE, S. [exuferantia, Lat.] a furplus, or greater quantity. " Which take off tte exuberance, and balance the vigour." Bi'O'wn. EXU'VJyE, S. [Lat.] the fkins or Ihells which are caft by an animal. EY'AS, S. [niah, Fr.J a young havi^k juft takeA from the neft^, not able to prey for itfelf. " Little eyafa that cry out." Shak, EY'ASMUSKET, S. a young unfledged male hawk of the mufket kind. " How now, my eyafmujkety Shak, EYE, S. [formerly eyne in the plural, at prefenty«; auga, Goth, eag. Sax, cog, Belg. cug, Teut. ee, Scot, een, plur.J the organ of fight J fight, or evidence conveyed by the fight; the countenance; afpedl ; regard; notice ; attention ; opinion formed by obfer- vation j the place from whence any thing can be feen j view. " In eye of every exercife." ^hak. Any thing formed like an eye. To EYE, V. A. to watch ; to keep in view. Neuterly, to appear, or feem. EYE'-BALL, S. [eag-a^l, S:.x.J the apple of the eye. EYE'BRIGHT, S. See EUPHRASY. EYE'EROW, S. [eagan bregh, Sax. J the hairy arch over the eye, intended by Provi- dence to defend it from any moifture which would otherwile run into it from the fore- head. EYE-DROP, S. a tear. '* With gentle eye-drops.'"'' Shak, EYE-LESS, Adj. without eyes; blind, " That f)f/f/i face." Pope. EYE'LET, S. foeiUet, Fr. a little eye] a hole through which Jighc may enter; a fmall h' le wrought in linen, ufually termed by femflrefTcs an eyelet hole. EYE'LID, S. [from eye and lid] the mem- brane, or Ikin, v/hich clofes the eye. EYE'-SERVANT, S. one who works onljT while watched, or while his mafter is prefent. EYE'- SERVICE, S. fervice performed only when the mafter is prefent. EYE'-SHOT, S. the look or glance of aa eye. " I have prefer ved many a young man from the eye- [hot .'''' SptSl. No. 284. EYE'-SIGHT, S. the fight of the eye. EYE'-SORE, S. fomething offenfivc to the fight. EYE'- SPOTTED, Adj. marked with fpots like eyes. "Juno's bird in her eye ^potted train." Spenf, EYE'-STRING, S. the tendon or nerve by which the eve is held i.i its place. EYE'-TOOTH, S. the tooth in the upper jaw, on each fide, next to the grinders, called by anatoai;fts, dogsteelh, or dentes c^nijii, EYE'-WINK, S. a quick /hutting and opening of the eye, intended as a fign or token. " They could never get an eye wink of her." Shak, EYE'-WITNESS, S. one who gives tefti- mony to fafts which he has feen. EYRE, S. [Fr. iter, Lat.] in Law, the court of juftices itinerants. EY'RY, S. {ey, Teut. an egg] the place where birds of prey build thejt nefts, o( hatch. FAB FThe fixth letter of the alphabet, and the ) fourth confonant. Its found in Englifh is invariable, formed by the compreflion of the whole lips and a forcible breath; it re- fembles very much that of the V ; and its fhape in the Iflandic or Runic alphabet is di- ftinguilhed from it only by having a dot in the middle. Its form is the fame in the Roman and S^xon alphabets as incurs, and is by fome fuppo'cd to be made by pacing two r gammas over each other thus (\ i otherj 3i;3in imagine it to have fprung from the Greek cji, which being wrote with the ftraight ftrcke fiift, ai.d the upper and lower parts of the cmicnn, which ro.Tes it, at different limes, might have accidentally given rife to its form. In medicinal prefciiptions it ilands tor fat, o' let it be made. In Mjfic, the fourth note of the gamut ; and when ftanding at the D 4 beginning, r A C beginning of ilie line, the bafs cleff. Among the numeral leiters it fignifies^o ; and when a difti was drawn over it thu?, F 40,000. On monumental infcriptions, it fignilies/Zii/j, or fo"' , . > /• 1 FA, in Mufic, the fourth note in the fcale or gamut, as ut, re, mi,/j. FABLE, S. [Fr fabula, Lat.J a tale, or feigned ftory intended to enforce fome moral precept; a fiftion ; a feries of events which compofe a moral, epic, or dramatic poem. ^ To FABLE, V. N. to feign, or write fitti ens ; to tell falfhoods with an intent to de- ceive; to lye. Aftively, to feign ; to deliver in fables and fiftions. FA'BLED, Part, mentioned or celebrateo in fables. FA'BLER, S. a writer of feigned ftonci or fiaions; a fofter or more genteel word to exprefs a perfon guilty of lying. FA'BRIC, S. [ot/a/rifa, Lat.Jabnilding; any thing ccmpofed of d'ltfcrent or difliniilar parts ; the texcure of a filk or fluff. ToFA'BRIC, V. A. [of /airifcr, Lat J to build, form, or conftruft. ToFA'BKICATE, V. A. {fabrkatui, o\ fjbnccr, Lat.J to buil-i or confliuft. FA'DRICATION, S. [fahr'tcatio, Lat.J the aft of building ; conftruftion. FA'BULIST, S. [fabulip, Fr.] a writer or compofer of fables. FA'BULOSITY, S. \ fabuhfitai, Lat.J the • uality of dealing in falfhood, or telling lies. •' In th\s fabulofiry they would report." Jb " FA'BULOUS, Adj. [fabuLfus, Lat.] deal- ing in, or belonging to fables, fiftion, or falrtiood. , r . , FA'BULOCSLY, Adv. in a feigned or fabulous manner. FACE, [Yr.faciis, Lat.] the countenance,, or fore-part of the head ; the furface of a thing ; the front or foie-patt of a building or thing 5 the ttate or appearance of an affair ; apoearance, look, orcountenar.ee; prefence, or "fight ; confidence ; bcldnefs. " Ignorance, and/flcf alone." Hudib. To FACE, V.N. to carry a falfe appear- ance, or play the hypocrite; to come in front; to march againft, or oppofe an enemy or dan- ger with boldnefs and courage. Followed by dcivrt, to deny or oppofe, or put to filence by mere impudence, " He faced men down that he flood ftill." Pricr, To (land oppofite to, applied to fituation. To cover with fome othern-.atter. " Faced witb mzxh\e.'' Jddif. FA'CET, S, Ifacette, Fr.J a fmall iurface ; afupeificies cut into feveral angles. " Like diamonds cut \r.to facets,"" Bacon, FACE'TIOUS, Adj. [faceikux,faceti(ufe, Fr. facetus, Lat. of facetice] wittily gay : ukd both of perfons and things. FACE'TIOUSLY, Adv. in a merry, witty, and jocofe manner* FAD FACE'TIOUSNESS, S. the quality of di- vetiingby cheerful wit, or pleafanC and jocofe expreffions or ftories. FA'CILE, Adj. [Fr. of facilis, Lat.] to oe attained or performed with eafe or little labour. " Will render the work fac'U and delightful." Enielyn. Eafily cont^uetcd or fuimouiited. To FACILITATE, V. A. {facilt:er,Tct.^ to make eafy, or to clear from difficulty or impediments. FACI-'LITY, S. [fjcilhe, Fr, facUitas, Lat J eafincfs of performing, or to be per- formed ; freedom from difficulty ; readinels in performing; eafinefs to be perfuaded either to gocd'or bad ; flexibility or credulity ; eafi- nefs of accefs; condefcenlion, or compliance. FACINE'RIOUS, Adj. [corrupted from facir.orcus, of faciiiorofus, Lat,} wicked. "He's of a mofl: fachcmui f^irit that will not ac- knowledge it." iihak. FA'CING, Part, oppof.te to. FACING, S. £n ornamental covering put upon the outfide of any thing. FACT, S. [faFium, Lat.J a thing done ; an efieft produced. A reality, oppofed to a mere fupoofition or fpaculation ; an a£lion. FA'CtlON, S. [Fr. faBio, Lat.J a party in a ftate ; a tumult, difcord, or difienfion. FA'CTIOU.S, Ac-j. [faEikux, Fr.] given to faftion, or public OiiTenfions ; loud and ve- hement in fuppoiting any party ; proceed- ing from, or tending to, public dilcord. FA'CTIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner cri- minally difcontented ; tumultuous ; or form- ing parties in a government. FA'CTIOUSNESS, S. inclinaMon to pub- lic diffenfion ; violent clamoroufnefs in fup- pott of a party. FACTITIOUS, Adj. [faaitlus, Lat.J made by art, oppoied to what is produced by n.iturt ; couaterfeiteJ. FA'CTOR, S. [Lat. faBcur, Fr.] an agent ; or one who traniadts bufinels for another. In Arithmetic, the multiplicator and multiplicand. FA'CTORY, S. a houfe or diftri£l inha- bited by traders in a foreign country ; feveral traders affcciated or embodied in a place. FA'CULTY, S. [faculi/, Fr. focuhas, Lat.J the power of doing any thing ; adivity either of body or mind ; the powers of the mind, whether imagination, memory, or rea- fon. In Phyfic, a power or ability of per- forming any thing or aaion, whether natural, vital, or animal; a knack, fltill, or dexterity gained by habit ; a quality or difpotition ei- iher good or bad ; power or authority. " Hath born Wi3 facultks fo meekly." Shai. The mailers and profeffors of any fcience,in London peculiarly applied lo phyficians, or other prac- titioners in medicine. "The gentlemen of ikefaculty." To FADE, V. N, Ifaner, Fr.J to decline from a greater to a lefs vigour or ftiength ; ta grow F A I frow weak, or languish ; to decay from a iticngcr or brie^hter, to a weaker or paler co- lour. To wither, applied to pi <nts, or otiier vegetables. To die away, vaniih, or wear out gradually. F^'CES, S. [Lat. plural of/^r, Lat.] in Medicine, excremenis ; or the dregs left atier -diftilbtion and infufion. To FAG, V. N. Ifati^o, Lat.] to make weary or tired : to be fatigued. "Till the Italians began to fag.''^ Mackenzie. Actively, to beat. FA'G-END, S. [f.jan. Sax.] the end of a piece of cloth, whicii is made of coarfer materials than the other part. Figuratively, the refufe, or meaner part of any thing. FA'GOT, S. {Yr. fagotto, Itai fagod, Btit. and Arm.] a bundle of flicks, or brulhwood, bound together for fuel, or any other purpofe. To FA'GOT, V, A. to tie up, or bunale together. To FAIL, V. N. \faUkr, Fr. filcn, Brit. faUan, Ital. faclen, Belg. feyhe, Dan.] U, grow deficient from a former plenty ; to be- come unequal to the demand or ule ; to be extinct ; to ceafe, or be loft ; to fink ; to languifh through fatigue j to decay ; to mifs producing i^s cfFcil j to difappnint a pe^fon's cxpeflaiior.s ; to be deficient in keeping an affignation, or in performing a duty. Atlive- ly, to omit the difcharge of a duty j to be wanting to. FAIL, S, a mifcarriage, mifs, orunfuccefs- ful attempt, omifiion, negleft, or non per- formance of a promife or duty ; dcfi;ience ; want ; death. " How grounded he his title to the crown upon out fail." H/jjk. FAl'LING, S. a depcience, imperfeiflion, or flight fault, owing to the tnfiimity of our Jiatures. FAI'LURE, S. deficlence, or ce.Tation. An omiflion, or flip, applied to duty. A flight fault. F A I t.o make a psrfon languid. " It /aim me." FAINT, Adj. {fane, Fr.] void of ftrength, vigour, or fpirit. Fa!e, dead, or void of brightnefs, applied to colour. Slow, not ioud, fcircely a-idible, applied to found. Coward- ly; timorous. "Faint heart never won fair lady. ' Pro-v. in Camd. Rem. FAI'NTING, S. a fir, a fwoon, wherein a perfori is fenfelefs for a fliort time. FA'INTLY, Adv. in a feeble or languid manner. Deadly, or juft vifihle, applied to colour. Without force, applied to defcription. Scarcely audible, applied to found. Timo- roufly, or without courage, aflivity or vigour. applied to tke manner of aftion. FAI'NTNESS, S. languor, or want of fpirits or ftrength through fatigue ; fear ; want of vigour j want of force 5 timorouf- nefs -f dejcdVlon, _ FAl'NTY, Adj. weak; languid ; void of vigour or f.rength. F/iIR> Adj. [fjeger, S/.x. fager, Goth. faitr, Dan.] beiutiful ; handfome; of a white complexion, oppofcd to black or brown. Clean, pure, or without a^^y foulnefs, applied to water. Serene, or not cloudy, applied to the weather. Equal, or j';ft, applied to nnorals. Not prac- tifmg any unjuft or indireift methods ; gen- tle ; mild , comniiodious ; eafy ; or fuccefs- ful. " Where you may make the fainjl flioot," Shfik. FAIR, Adv. gentlj', without violence, joined to fofc/y. In a civil and complaifanC manner, joined to fj'eak. On good termf, free from ilrife or contention, after keep. " If he intends to keep fair with the world," Collier, FAIR, S. a beauty ; a woman who is handfome; honefty, or ho.-.eil dealing. "Fair and fquare, Nic. keeps folks together." Hijl. of y. Bull. FAIR, S. Ifaire, Yt. forum, ot faiff, Lat.J FAIN, Adj. \fxgan. Sax. 0^ f^cgian. to | a public place, where merchants or traders re rejoice, _/i;^K>-, fagen, Ifl. fisgincn, Gi-ib.j ] Tort, .it flated time", 10 rijfpofe of their v^ares> glad ; joytul. " My lips would htfuin when 1 fing unto thee." Pfal. Ixxii. To be furced, compelled, or obliged. " Caftalio wa; fiin i.> itiake trenchers at Bafle." Locke. I'hough this laft lenfe is nov/ the only ont; in iifc, as Johnfon obferves, it feems to have arifen from a miftake of the original lignification, or fome ambiguous expreflions ; as, " I was fain to do this ;" which would equally fuit v.ith the reft of the fentence, whether it was fuppofed to mean. " / ivai compelled, or / luas glad to do this." FAIN, Adv. gladly ; very defiroufly ; wil lingly. «' Would fain have a law enafted." Siuift. To FAINT, V. N. \ faner, Fr,] to decay, fade, or wafte away quickly ; to grow languid, or fall into a fit ; to fink down through dejeftion. Aftivcly, to dejea j to dc-prefs 5 Jnd enjoy fame divcr.lons which are ufually c:^".ibited at ft ch timiS. FAI'R.1NG, S. fomeihing bought for a p-e!ent at a f<iir, FAl'RLY, Adv. pleafantly, applied to fituation. Hf neftly, or without fraud, applied to the mnnner ot aftion. Candidly, or with- out wreiUng the icn'i, applied to criticifm. Without blots, applied to writings, Cam- pletcly jentirdy; pcrfedlly. " All this liiey fairly overcame," S/jcrifer. FAI'RNESS, S. beauty; elf^ance of form, applied to the make of a perfon. Honerty, or trcedom from fraud, applied to the manner of a perfon's dea'.injjs. FAl'R-SFOIiEN, Adj. ufing civil anJ complaifant cxpreffions, FAl'RY, a kind of fabled fpirit, being fuppofed to appear in a diminutiv* furm, dance Dd 2 in F A L F A L , and to reward cleanlinefs, Gf c | FA'LCON, S. l_/aucon,Tt.falconne,'lta}. refs. " To this great fuiry I'll i_fu!co, Lat.] » bird ct prey of the hawk k>nd. \n meadows An enchantr commend thine a£l9." Shak FAi'RY, Adj. belonging to, or fuppofed to be given by tairies. FAI'RY-STONE, S. in Natural Hiftory, I'uperior to all others for courage, docility, geniienefs, and noblenefs of nature. This title or name is applied only to the female, the male being called a taj/'el, or tlercelct. In a (lone of an hemifpheiical figure found in Gunnery, a tort of cannon fiva inches one- gravel-pits, having five double lines arifing , fourth at the bore, 750 lb. weight, feven feet from the center of its baCs, and meeting in | long; its load two pouni's and a quarter of the polr. powder ; its /hoc two inches and a half dia- \fcde, l\.i\. fdcs. Lit. foi FAl'TH, S _ Fr.] an alient to the tiulh of a thing barely on account of the credit or authority of the perfon who delivers it ; an aflent to any pro- pofr.ion, not made out by the dedudlions of rcafon, on the credit of the propofer, as com- ing from God in fome extraordinary way of communication. Figuratively, belief of the truths cf revealed religion ; the lyftem of re- vealed truth held by Chriftians j ttuth or con- fidence in God ; truft in the honefty or vera- city of another ; fidelity, or unlhaken adhe- rence to a promife ; fincerity. FAl'TH-BREACH, S. breach of a pro- trife, or obligati'm ; peifiily faitb-brfach.^'' Sh'ik. meter, and alb. and a half weight. FA'LCON ER, S. [fauconier, Fr.] a per- foil who breed?, brings up, tames, and tutors birds of prey, I'uch as falcons, hawks, G?f . FA'LCONET, S. [faUonette, Fr.] a kind ef ordnance four inches one quarter diameter at the bore, 40olb. weight, fix fed long; its load lib. and a quarter; its fhot fomething more than two inches diameter, and ilb. and a quarter weight. FA'LCONRY, S. the art of taming ani teaching birds of prey to purfue and take game. FA'LDAGE, S. [faldaglum, barb. Lat. of ' Upbraid his ■f'^'J] a privilege, which feveral lords anciently ' tefeived to themfelves of fetting up folds for FAI'THFUL, Adj. firm in adhering to Uheep in any fields within their manors, and the tiu-h of religion ; believing the truths of tiiis not only with their own, but iikewife revealed relijiion ; true to any obligation or their tenants Iheep. co'itraci ; honeft or upright in the dilchar^e FA'LDFEE, S. a compofition paid antient- of any duty. h ^'i tenants for the piivilege of foldage. F/il'THFULLY, Adv. with firm belief in the tru'h of revealed religion ; with lull con- fidences in the promifcs of God ; with llridt adherence to rfuty, loyalty, and the difcharge of any r.bligition or promife ; hontftly. FArTHFULNESS,S. any principle which a perfon may confide in ; truth or veracity ; firm adherence to a duty as a luhje£V, FAI'THLESS, Adj. without oclief in the revealed truths of religion ; without tiuftor corifidence in the afiurances, or promiies, ot another; peifidious ; dlHoyal ; not true to <iuty, promife, or l^.yaliv. t A1'THLESSNESS,'S. treachery; per- fidy. In Divinity, unbelief of the truths qf jeveUtioii. FAK.E, S. among feamen, a coil of rope. FALCA'DE, S. [falx, fains, L^i.] in Horfemanfiiip, that a£lion oJ the haunches and legs of a horfe, wherein they bend low on a ftop and a half ftop. FALCA'TED, Adj. f/a/caras.Lat.] hook- ed ; bent like a rea[jing-hook or fcyihe. Ap- plied by .tfironomers to the appearance which the moon nukes whle moving fioin the conjunction to the oppnfifioii. FALfA'TlON, S. [/jA^^:.s, Lat.] crook- ednef'-j in a crooked lorrn, relembling that of -4 fcythe, or reapin)i-hook. '' With a long falcatiort or forcipated tiiii." Eroiur., lA^DING, S. a kind of coarfe cloth. FA'LD-STOOL, a kind of ftool placed at the out-fide of the altar, on which the kings ot Enghnd kneel at their coronation. To FALL, V. N. [preter, I feil, or have falUii, Ot fiiln, part. pari", fallen ; oi falloy Jfl. \feal:cn, Sax, ■vallan, Belg. fal'an, Teut.J to delccnd by accident from a nigher to a lower place ; to drop ; to move down any defcent ; to die ; to be degraded from a high Aation to a low one ; to oecreafe or diminifh in value, weight, or quantity ; to enter in any (late of the body or mind. " Fall aOeep." Shok. " Fell into fuch a rage," Kiiolles. To fink below a thing in comparifon, ufed withyfcorr. 'To fall WiUiiy, to langui/h, or grow faint ; to grow lean, or decreafe in bulk. Ufed with lio-ji-n, to bow, or bend as a fuppliant ; to fink, or tumble profirate on the ground. To fall on, to begin to do a thing eageily ; to afiault, or make an attack. To fall out, to quarrel j it* happen ; to drop. FALL, S. [from the verb, yi/V, 111.] the aft of dropping from a higher place; the att ot tumbling proflrate upon the ground ; the vii,)ence futfered from dropping accidentally 'rom a high place ; ruin ; lofs of greitnefs ; decie^fe of price or value. Lellening of found, or csaence, applied to mufic. A ca- tc'radt, cafcade, or defcent of water fiom a high F.'^'LCHION, S. [the u is pronounced j place ; the outlet of a current into any other broad, like au, faucbiortt Fr.] a (hoit ciooked 1 watci ; autumn, or the time when the leaves fword or icvmitar. I drop or tali fr oan ihe trees, la Divinity, the ! ilate F A L ftate of our firft parents, wherein, on account of eating the forbidden truit,they loft the hsp- pinefs of living in Paradife ; and, according to Milton, " brought death into the world, and all our woe." FALLA'CIOUS, Adj. {falbcieux,Vr.fa! lax, fallacii, Lit. J producing miftakcs ; full of fophiftry ; ratfir.g talfg expeftations } deceit- ful. " That /j//aao«J fruit." Par. Loft. FALLA'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to deceive by fal reappearances, or tend- ing to lead into miftakes by fophiftry. FA'LLACY, S. {falUce, Ft.fallacia.Lit.] an argunrient made ufe of to lead a perfon into an error j a fophifm. FALLIBl'LITY, S. [from/a/Zs, Lat.] li- ab'enefs or poftibility of being deceived, or of being in an error. FA'LLIBLE, Adj. [/alio, Lat.] liable to error, or miftake. FA'LLING, S. an indenting, or hollow in a furface. " The fev<eral prominences and yiZ/rng' in of the feitHres." Addif. FA'LLING-SICKNESS, S. See Epi- lepsy. FA'LLOW, Ad. [fahiue, Sax. valutve, Bd^.faal ox fal, Teut.] a pale red, or yellow, applied to colour. In Huibandry, unfowed j or left to reft after certain yeirs of tillage ; plowed, but not fowed, or prepared for a le- cond plowing. Figuratively, unplowed, un- cultivated, applied to ground. Unoccupied, or negleded, " Let thfi caufe lie fallow.'''' Hudib. FA'LLOW, S. [fealga,fealk, Sax.] ground plowed in order for a fecond plowing j or land unriiled, and fuft'ered to reft, after bearing a certain number of years. To FA'LLOW, V. N. to plow, in order to a fecond plowing, or an interval of reft before feed be fown a fecond rime. FA'LLOWNESS, S. the act of letting ground reft before it be flocked again. Figu- ratively, barrennefs. FALSE, Adj. [falfu!, Lat. faux, fauffe, Fr.] reprefenting a thing to be what it is notj fii.'^itious, or counterfeit i treacherous, or un- juft j hypocritical or feigned. FALSE-HEARTED, Adj. treacherous, oppofed to faithful. FA'LSEHOOD, S. [from fa'^e and had. Sax. ftate or condition] the letting down, or uttering in words the agreement or difagree- ment of ideas otherwife than it is ; or the re- prefenting a thing to be difl'crent from what we think it to be j want of faithfnlnefs or honefty ; a lie, or the faying that a thing is what we are confcious it is not. FA'LSELY, Adv. contrary to truth j or roneoudy; petfidioufly. FA'LSENESS, S. contrariety to truth, ho neP.v, or faithfulnefs. FaLSIFICA'TION, S. the aft of altering the words of a fcntence io as to make it (jg- nily I'omcthing contrary to the opinion of the F A M author; confradiftion, or confutation. '<^To preferve his ftory from deteflion oi falftfica- t'lon" Notes on the Odyjf. F ALSIFI'ER, S. one who alters the words ')r fcntencts of an author, fo as to make the lenfe contrary to what it wa? originally ; one who counterfeits, or makes a thing appe.ir to oe what it is not j a liar j or inventor of falfe- hoods. To FA'LSIFY, V. A. U^fifier, Fr.] fo counterfeit ; or forge ; to aiter the ienfe of a book. Figuratively, to confute, or prove falfej to violate by treachery. " Falfiffn.g the moft: important truft." D»cay of Pie y. To lie, or tell an untruth. FA^LSITY, S. [falftas, Lat.] the repre- (enting a thing to be what it is not j a falfe- hood, or lye. Figuratively, an etror. To FA'LTER, V. N. [faltar. Span, of Jjlta, Span, a dcfeft ; 'vaultur. Id. a ftam- mererj applied to pronounciation, to hefitate, or ftammer in freaking. To fail in any aft of the body or mind. Aftively, to fift or deanfe. " Birley for malt muft be bold— and clein/a/r«m/lrom foulnefs." Mortim. FA'L 1 cRlNGLY, Adv. with hefitation and ftammering, applied to utterance of words. With languor, feeblenefs, or weaknefs, ap- plied to any art of the body or mind. FAME, S. \fama, Lat, <f)a^a, Gr.] ho- nourable report. Figuratively, rumour, or leport. FA'MED, Part, fpoken of with honour and efteem. FA'iVIELESS, Adj. inglorious ; not known for any produdion ot the underftanding, in- vention, or artion ; of no repute. FA'MILIAR, Adj. [fjmiiiaris, Lat.] be- longing to a family ; afFaoie, or eafy in con- verlation j with fieedom ; accuftomed ; com- mon J frequent ; too free. " A poor maa found a pneit familiar with his wile." Cam- den, FA'MILIAR, S. one long and intimately acquainted. " A noble gentleman, and my familiar." Shak. A demon, fuppofeJ to be at the devotion, or to attend the call, of a perfcn, FAMILIA'RITY, S. an eafinefsand free- dom of accefs and difcuurfe, grnerally obfervej betv;eeij perfons long and intmiately acquaint- ed, being free from conftraint, formality, and ceremony. Figuratively, h.ibit. To FAMILIARi'ZE, V. A. [familiarifir^ Fr.] to wear away the imprffTionb of awe, or diftant relpedt, i ccalioned by novcity ; to bringdown from a ftate of diftant fuperiority to that of a perfon long known and joined in the bands ot friendfhip. FA'MILY, S. thofe who live in the fame houle ; or dcfcend from the fame progenitor. FA'MINE, S. [Fr. from fames, Lat. hun- ger] Icarcity of food j diftrefs for want of netiffary food. To FA'MISH, V. A. [fames, Ut.famlt, FAN •111 Fr.] to kill with hunger, or want of food ; to kill with want of fomething neceffary ic fupport life. " Famljb him of breath, if not cf bread." Par. Lofi. To die for wdnt of food. Figuratively, to be in great oiftiefs f&r want of food. FA'iMISHMENT, S. the pain of hunger. " To fuft'er thiift anifjmifhmtnt.^^ Hake-w. Not r:iuth ufed. FA'MOUS, Adj. [fameux, Fr. fuwofus. Lat.J much talked of and praifed forrenriitk- able virtue, great exploits, ufefol inventi^jnj, or ingmioua compufuions. Sorredir.es ap- plied lo bad, as well as good atlions, but with imi vopriety. *"' Farr,cus pirates." Shak. FA'MOUSLY, Adv. fpoken of with efteem, and generally Isnown tor fomething extraordinary. FA'MOUSNESS, S. great renown or fame, FAN, S. [i-srAiu Lat ] a thin Ikln, piece of paper, taffety, or other light fluff, cut fe- hucirculariy, plaited in fuch a n:annsr that the plaits may be alternately inwards and outwards, mounted on feveral little flicks oi wood, ivory, tortolfefliel!, &c. which are joined together by a rivet at the other end, and ufed by the ladies to defend their com- plexions from the fun, cr to raife wind and cool themfelves, L^c. Figuratively, any thing fpread out in a ttiangijhr form, with a broad bale, refenibllng a boy's lan ; any thing by which the air is movf d ; wings. ""Stretch his feathered f^ni" D>yd. A.n inflrument by v/hich chaff is cleared or winnowed Jrom the corn, from -van, Fr. An inftrunient to blow up cr raife a fire. " A fan to inflame that !ove>" Ilo'.ksr. To FAN, V. A. to cool by the motion of a fan j to put the air into motion ; to raife a fire. To feparate, or winnow. FANA'TIC, Adj. [fartM'tgue, Fr. ftina thus, Lat j entertaining wild, i-Tiaginary, and enthufiartic notions in religion. FANA'TIC, S. a perfon who has wild notions in religinn ; in enthufiaft. FANA'TICISM, S. religious madncfs. FA'NCIFUL, Avij. enterc-.ining odd and chimerical notionj ; changing cr taking up an opin'on, without ccnfulting reafon. FA'NCIFULLV, Adv. whimflcaliv. FAN'CIFULNESS, S. the hdbit of fol- lowing the wild no;ions of tlic f.Ancy or ima- ginatiin, rather than thofe ol reafon. ' FA'NCY, S. [contratftfcd from /■^r.tafy ; pkantaJiiJt Lat. <fiav/tt£ris, Gr.] a power or fa- culty oi the mind, which compounds iiieas re- ceived by the fenfes, and by tijat means forms o^jefHf, perfo.if, repiefentations, and other idsas, whic!i have no exigence without us ; the iraaginatton ; an opinion formed barely by the operatic.T of the imagiaalion, wi'h- out the inttrpofi'-ion of reafon ; an idea, imaje, or concep'ion of the mind ; a liking, jac.iiiatlcn, or fondnefs j msre humour, FAR whim, or c?price J fomething, or inveniio whicn p!eafes. To FA'NCY, V. A. to conceive or form an idea of m the mind. To like, or grow fond of. FA'NCY-SL'^K, Adj. not really, but only -jmaginatily fick, applied to a perfon who is in good hcclth, but fancies, or imagines the con- trary. FANE, S. [Fr. /rn««, Lat.] a tclnple, or plaie oevored td religious worftiip. FA'NFARON, S. [Fr.] a bully 5 a hec- tor ; one who makes a great parade, or often- tatiouf boaft of i.is abilities, and promiies more tlian he can perform. " The charader of a yiir/jrcn, or hector." Diyd. f ANFARO^A'DE, S. [itom fanfaron'] a bliifter; an oflentatious Ihew, or boaft of a per('on's abilities and virtues. " The. farfo- ronade of Mcnf. Bo-jffjers." Siv'tft. To FANG, V. A. [faniran, S^x. tangre, Belg.] to feize; to gripe. " Deftrudtion/rfB^ mankind !" ULak. FANG, S. [from the verb] the long tufk of a boar; the noils or ciaA'Sof a bird or beaft. In Botany, any flioot or tendril, by means of which one plant takes hold of another. F ANGLE, S. [fnigan. Sax. to attempt. Skinner] a liHy attempt ; a frivolous ©r tri- fling fcheme. At prefect rarely ufed, unlefs joined with the word new ; as newfangltt, nenv f.Tngltnefs. FANGLtD, Part, or Adj. having teeth } ilfo gaudy ; ridiculoufly or oftentatioufly fhewy and ornamented. " In this fangled world." Shak. FA'NG LESS, Adj. without fangs, or teeth. " Like ifa-.gltfs boar." Shak. FA'NiNiEL, S. [/<j«o«, Fr.] an ornament, like a fcart, worn by a pneft round his arm v.hfn he fays rn^fs. FA'NNER, S.one that makes ufe of a fan. Fa'NTASIED, Part, cr Acj. troubled with Olid imi^;nai;v-in; ot toiicies- FAN FA'SW, S. See Phantasm. FANTA'SilO, or FaNTA'STICAL, Aoj. \ fjiitaflKfue, Fr.j imaginary j irrational; C3}r;at!us 5 governed by whim aad fancy j conceited j affected. FANTA'STICALLY, Adv. in a manner which can exift only in innagination j caprici- oufiv ; v/ith grfat unfteaainels. f'aNTA'STICALNESS, or FANTA'S. TICKNESS, S. whimficalnefs ; capriciouf- nefs. FA'NTASY, S. {far.ta\f>e, Fr. phantnf.a, Lat. ip::'/icriit, Gr.J S-c Fancy, and Ph AN TASY . FA'INTOM, S. See Phantom. FAR, Adv. [/^-'^ Ssx. jai fare. Sax. a journey, (romfjran, lo go, fjira, Gc>tb. yiirr, F,r(e] to a great dillance, confjJered either in length, or as extending on all fice« j ilmoft ; ill a great meafure, "Tne day wasy".ir fpent.'* jtidga. FAR, F A Pv FAR, Adj. diftant from any place men tioned or implied. U Ted with o^, both as an adverb, and as an adjeftive. In horfeman- [<:"^f'**te lanH j to rent the cuftoms or taxes of Ihip, the f.iy fide of a horfe, is that which is fartheft from the rider when mounting, i. e. the right fide. To FARCE, V, A. \fcirdr, Fr. farclo, Lat.J to ftutFwith different ingredients. Fi- guriiively, to extend, or (well out by pompous additions. '^ The farced m\e." Shak. FA?«.CE, S. [/jrf fr, Fr. to mock. Seethe verbj a dramatic entertainmer.t of the comic kind, never exceeding three a<£ts, but confined to the eftabliilied laws of the drama j fome- times applied to a piece fluffed with wild and ludicrous conceits, c 'pable of raifing laughter. Figuratively, any incident or circuniftance, •which is rather diverting than ferious, and rather ridiculous than rational. FAR'CICAL, Adj. belonging, or fultable to a farce. FAR'CY, S. [firc'n, Fr. farcina, Ital.] a difeafe in horfcs or o^rcn, which vitiates their mafs of blood, FAR'DEL, S. [fardello, Ital./ar^.'i.v, Fr.] a bundle, or burluen, " Who would thefe fur.ieis bear." Shi^k. To FARE, V, N, [faran,S!X.f-fre, Ifl. •varen, Belg. f::bran, Teut.j to go ; to wall: or move trom one place to another. " So on ht fires." Par. Lt/?- To be in any ilate or condition, either good or bad. To live, ap- plied to the matter of eating, " The rich FAS To FARM, V. A. [from the noun] to let or hire land of another perfon for tillage ; to manyirr^;/ fumptuoufly." Luiexvi. 39. Fare, S, the pi ice paid by, or due from, a peilon for his paflage in any carriage, whe- ther by land or by water; food or provifion ioi eatinj;. FA'REWELL, Adv. [this word was ori- ginnlly the isiperative of the ■vtih fare, joined eliipticrflly to ivei/, for fjre you well ; but is by cuftom ufed as an adverb, both by a perfon going away, snd by a perfon iett be- hind] a compliment ufed at parting, whereby we wifh the peri\jn well, whom we take leave of. FA'REWELL, S. leave ; the ad of part- ing. " Farewell, a long fareiveH to all my ilory." Shak. Scmetimss uled as an adjec- tive, for iomething ii> which leavK is taken. *' Infirei-jel' papers." Spe^. No. 445. FA'RFETCH, S. a iiratagem ; or aitifice. *' Their pohlic fa frUhes.''^ Hudib. FA'RFETCHEO, Adj. brought from places at a gre-it eiltance off ; fought with care and pains ; not naturally introduced. FARINA'CEOUS, Adj.' [farina, Lat.] mealj mealy ; refembling meii. " The.far'i- Tiaricus, or mealy feeds." A'-buthn. FARM, S. [ferme, Ft.feon:, Sax. viftuals] ground occupied in lilbie, whether it be a perlon's own, or hired ; ihe ilace of lands let out at a certain annual fum ; a certain fum of money paid a government lor the right to its cuilo3^s Of taxes. a ftate at a certain rate. FA'RMER, S. one who cultivates his own, or hired land ; one who advances money for, or rents the taxes of a (tate. FA'RMING, S. the art of cultivating land, and breeding cattle FARQU'HAR, [George] was the fon of a clergyman, and born at Londonderry in 1678. He gave fuch early proofs of genius, ihut before he was ten years of age he pro- duced fpecimens of poetry, in which the forc^ of thinking, and elegance of expn-ffion, were evident prelages of his future excellence. He was an actor as well as a writer, and had alfo for fome years a commiflion in the army j and as his dramatic, as well as other works are in almoft every body's hands, and the former' often repielented on the ftage, they will fpealc his merit better than any thing we can fay here. It may not, however, be improper to acquaint the reaier, th:it his firil com.-dy. Love in a Bottle, appeared on the ftage when he was but twenty years of sge, an! that he died before he was thirty, FARRA'GINOUS, Adj. [farrago, fur- raginis, Lat.J compofed of diiTcieni. things, vC pcrfons; haddled. *^ A farraginous co\\e.€i\ai^ of all Conditions." Broivn. FARRA'GO, S. [Lat.J a mixed mafsj a medley. FAR''RIER, S. [ferr'ter, Fr, from ferre, Yx, ferrarius, Lat. itom ferrum, Lat. ironj one who makes fhoes for, and puts rhem on, horfes ; one who profefTes to cure the difeafes incident to horfes. To FAR.'R1ER, V, A. to praftife phyfic and forgery o;i horfes. To FAR'ROV/, V. N. to bring forth pigs, applied to iwine. FART, S. [frt, Sax. -vert, Btlg. furlz^ Tcut.] wind lot looft; behind. To FART, V. N, to b.e.k wind behind, FA'RTHER, Adj. at a greater diftjnce, applied tofituation. Longer. Adverbially, at,, or to a gieiter riiifance. Ufed as a connecting particle in a dii'courfe, it implies, moreover j again, befdcs. FA'RTHEST, Adj. moft diftant. Adver- bially, at or to the greatefl: diftance. FA'RTHING, S. [forthlir.g. Sax. from fe.rtija, Sjx. foiitch, and lir.g, Sax. a diminu- tive tersninationj thi finaliefr Englifii co.n, being in value the fourth part of a penny. FA'RTHINGALE, S. [v^rtugalle, Fr. •verdugal, Sp:.n. t'cidegarde, Belg.J a hoop, or petticoat, med to make the otuc; s fiand out, by meaob ot circles of whalebone, or cane, whl'. h are fewert upon it. FA'SCES, S. [Lat.] axes tied up in a bundle with rods or (laves, and borne before the Roman magiftrates as an enfign, or badge of authority. D d 4 FA'SCIA, FAS FA'SCIA, S. [Lat.] in Architeflure, a broad lift, fillet, or band ufed in architraves and pedcftals. In brif k buildings, the juttii g out of the bricks over the windows. FA'SCIATED, Adj. in Archife^ure, Sdorncd v iih a bander fillet. In Surgery, bound with fillets, or tifd with a bandage. FASCIA'TION, S. in Surgery, a band ;ge, Ortheatt and manner ot binding p.rrs. " Three el'pecial forts of'y'j/a.-'fiOH." JVijem^n. To FA'SCINATE, V. A. [f.jfanatu^, Lat. ofy<2/f;Ba, Lat, j to bewitch, or iuiiuciice by enchantment or w'tchcraft. FASCINA'TION, S. [fa[dnath, L.r.] the a£t of bewitching, generally applied to that of the eye or tongue. FASCI'NE, S. [Fr, pronounced fajceeri] in Fortification, fagots, or fm.ill branches of trees, or bavines, bound up in bundlee, v\hich are mixed with earth, and fervg to fill up trenches, to fcreen the men, make parapets of trenches, &c. FA'SCINOUS, Adj. Ififcimim, Lat.] Occafioned, or operating by witchcraft or enchantment, " The pciribiiiiy of fajtuioui difeafes." Har'vey. FA'SHION, S. Ip^on, Fr. fattlon, Ital.] the form, make, or cut of any thing; the manner in which any thing is performed ■, cuftom, or the form which is mott commonly made ufe of. AJen of faj7j\on, imply men ol fank, ftatCj or riigniiy. To FA'SHiON, V. A. \fci^omer, Fr.] to make in a particular form or fhape ; to fit, or adapt ; to make according to the generdi ta.le or mode. FA'SHIONABLE, Aej. eftabliflied by cuftom, or mode ; made according to the ge- neral tafte, or mode : obfeivant of the mode; of a rank or dignity fuperior to the vulpar. FA'SHIONAELENESS, S. conformity to the reigning tafte, applied to building, plate, cr any prcluflion either of the hand or head. FA'SHIONAELY. Adv. in a manner conformable to the reigning tafte, or cgftom. To FAST, V. A. [fjlan, Sax. fafien, Goth, •'■ajian, Belg.] to abftain from eating or drinking; to mortify the body by abftaining frorti food, for a certain time, onarelgious account. FAST, S. [from the verb] a fpace of time, wherein a perfon takes little or no food. FAST, Adj. [ptjl, Sax. -vaft, Be!g. ipft, P«tf. ^j/l, Sclav, and Va\. fcji, Teut. i.af!c, eld Fr.J firm : fixed ; deep or found, appl.ed to fleep, Clol'cd or fiiut clol'e j w;th a quick motion. FAST, Adv. firmly ; immoveahlv ; fwiftly, tpplied to motion. Frequently, applied to repetition. To FA'ST^N, V. A. to make firm, or im- moveable ; to remenr, tie, or linic toijethcr ; to affix. Neuterly, to ftick or adhere. FAT FA'STENER, S. a perfon that m.kes firm, ties, or binds. FA'STER, S. one who abfiains from food. FA'ST-HANDED, Adj. covetous, avari- lious ; not given to generofity. " The king vasfaji- horded." Bacon. FA'STIDIOUS, Adj. [fajiidiofus, Lat. fci/iidteux, Fr.J difdalnful } nice to a fault} iqueamiih. FA'STIDIOUSLY, Adv. in acontetnptu- ous, difdainful, or fqueamifti manner. FA'STNESS, S.' [fafieutuj]'', fafineffe^ Sax.] firmnefs, or firm adherence to a caufc or party ; a ftrong-hold ; a fortrefs. F.A'r, Adj. \ fcnu Sax. t-e;, Belg. fety Teut.] lull fed; ftexHiy ; plump; or covered with an oily, or undluous fubftance ; grofs ; dull, from fat, Fr. *' Fat minds." Dryd, Figuratively, wealthy; licb. "Ayii/bene- fice." Ay'nffc. _ FAT, S. [irom the adjective] in Anatomy, a white, oily and fulphurous part of the b'ood, depoHted in the cells of the membrana adipofa, to be found immediately under the fliin in all parts of the body, except the fore- head, eyelids, lips, under-part of the ear, fcrotum, &c. FaT. See vat. F/v'TAL, Adj. [Fr. fatalh, Lat.] caufing inevitable death or deftruftion \ caufed by fate, deftinv, or necefiity. FA'TALISM, S. the doarine of fite, or opinion th.n the occurrences of life and pro- dtiifls of nature are eftablilhed by an unalter- able neceffity. " Some perfons have accufed our author c( fatalijm,'" JVarburton. FA'TALIST, S. one who believes and mair.tains that all things happen by invincible neceffity. FATA'iMTYjS. [faia!i/e, Fr.] a predeter- mined and invincible necelTary order or ferieS of things and events ; a decree of fate ; an invincible intiuence or bias; a tendency to danger, deftiu£tion, or death. FA'TALLY, Adv. mortally ; in fuch a manner as to occafion death ; by tl)e decree of fate, or by an inevitable and invincible ne- cefiity. FATE, S. an inevitable neceffity depend- ing on fonie fixed or fuperior caufe. Figura- tively, a necefl'ary or predetermined event } death ; deftriiftion ; the caui'e of death. Feather'd/^'r.'i among the mules and fump- ttrs fcnt." Dryd. FATED, Adj. decreed or determined by fate ; inverred with any quality by fate. FA'THER, S. [the a pronounced broad, like the German, or a in ah ! ttomfa-der. Sax. fade; Dan. i-adcr, Belg. vattcr, Teut. filer, eld Fr, padre, Ital. -vahr, Erfe, pador, iVrf.] one v.hu has contributed to the gene- ration of one of bis own kind, or one who has begotten a ion or a daughter. Figurative- y. FAT ly, the firft anceftor ; a title generally given to a perfon in years, becaufe old enoui^h, and on account of his age, deferving to be reve- renced as one's father. Aninvcn'or. " Jubal was the father of all foch as handle the harp." Gen. iv. 2-1. The title of a popifh con'efTor, P A U ftup'd. *' Fatwhud with drinking oW fack.'* Hhak. FAT'TY, Adj. abounding in fat j oily; grenfy. FAU'CET, S. [faucet, Fr. of faucet, Lat.] a woiden pipe, generally forced into a barrel particularly that of a jefuit 5 the title given to to cjik to give paffage to the liquor, and ftop- a fenator in antient Rome; the appellation of | ped with a pee or fpit'got. one of the perfons in the bieHed and adorable Trinity, fo called as begetting the Son in an ineffable manner ; likewife cdlled our Father, on account of giving us being, of protecting us with a fatherly kindnefs, and of adot>ting us as coheirs with Chrlft in the fyftem of re- dennption. It is an allufion to all ihefe bene- fits, that we ftile him in our prayers, " Our Father which art in heaven." Malt vi. FA'THER-IN-LAW, S. a hufband's or wife's father. To FATHER, V. A. to adopt a perfon for one's fon or daughter ; to adopt, or pre- tend to be the author of a coirpofition. FARTHER HOOD, S. the (tate or condi- tion of a parent or father. FATHERLESS, Adj. [f^dcrleas, Sax.] without father. FA'THERLY, Adj. [faderlhe. Sax.] with the afreflion of a father ; like a father. FA'THERLY, Adv. in the manner of a father. FA'THOM, S. {fccdem, fathm. Sax.] a FAU'FEL, S. in Bo. any, the fnitt of a fpecies cf palm tree. FAUL'CON, S. FAU'LCONRY. See FALCON, and FALCONRY, FAULT, S. [faut,fiute, Fr.fj/ta, Span.] a flight defect or crime, which fuojects a per- fon to blame, but not to pnnifhment ; a de- viation from, or tranfgreflion of, a rule ia fome trifling circumftance. FAU'LTLESS, Adj. without any defe^; perfeft ; bl.imelefs. FAU'LTY, Adj. (lightly tranfgrefTing any rule; blameable ; defeilive, or not fit for the ufe it is intended for, " A faulty helmet.** Bacon. To FA'VOUR, V. A. {fa-jeo, Lat.] ti» fupport, encourage, promote, or advance aa undertaking; to refemble in features. " The gentleman /I/i/oarf(^ his mafter." SpeEi. T» afiift, fupport, countenance, or encourage > perfon, FA'VOUR, S. \fa-veur, Fr.favcr, Lat.] countenance, fupport, or encouragement; long meafure containing fix feer, or two yard?, | defence or vindication, " In favour of which being taken from the fpace a man can reach j ihey are hc'C allt-dged." Rogers. A kiodnc i with both his arms extended. To FA'THOM, V. A. to encompafs with the arms extended j to found, to find the deoth of water at fea. Figuratively, to reach, or comprehend ; to try the depth of a diffiult fubje£l ; to penetrate, found, or go to the bottom of a defign. FA'THOMLESS, Adj. that which has no bottom, or which is fodtep as not to be mea- fured. Not to be comprehended, applied to myfteries, or difficulties in writing, FA'TIGUE, S. [Fr. pronounced fateeg, fxomfatigo, Lat. J languor, faintnefs, or wea- linefs caufed by labour. Figuratively, the caufe of wearinefs. To FATI'CUE, V, A. to tire, exhauft, or make faint and languid with labour, FA'TLING, S. a young animal fattened for fldughter. FAT'NESS, S. the quality of being fle/by, plump, or fat ; greafe. Sliminefs, fertility, or fruitfulnefs, applied to ground. That which caufes plenty. '• The clouds drop yij/rt/j." To FATTEN, V. A. to make fat by feeding. To make fruitful, applied to ground. FA'TUOUS, Adj. [fatuus, Lnt.J (lupid; fooliib ; applied to the undetftdnding. liln- fory ; deceitful. FA'TUITY, S. \ fatuit,; Fr,J foolininefs; weaknefs of underftanding ; a low dejjrec of fliadnefs or frenzy. FAT'WITTED, Adj. heavy ; dull ; or ey are riC'C aiit-ageci. Kogers. granted; leave, perm;ffion, or pardon. " With your /I;!'o.vr." Dryd. A ribband, formed inta a rofe, and worn as a cotkaJe. FA'VOURABLE, Anj. kind ; encourag- ing; afle£lionate ; conducive to; tender; a- verfe from cenfure. " None can have the favourable thought." Dryd. Convenient j fuited or adapted to a particular defign. " Fs' I'ourahle tor the making of levies." Clarend. FA'VOURABLENESS, S. a kindnefs (be wed in pardoning a perfon's defefts, in fupporting his endeavours, and in encourage- ing his undertakings. FA'VOUR ABLY, Adv. kindly; with en- couragement, rendernefs, or affeiftion. FA'VOURED, Part, looking upon or re- garded with kindnefs. " Oft with fomeyi- •i.'fl;//W traveller they ftray." Pope. FA'VOURER, S. one who encourages or countenances any perfon or thing. FA'VOURITE, S. [the moft proper fpeU ling feems to befj-vorit', becaufe derived from favori, fa'vonte, Fr. fa'Vor'ita, I'.al.J one re- garded with particular kindnefs, and diftin- gtiifned from others by the fam.liaritiet fiiewti him either by a private perfon or prince. FA'VOUR I IE, Adj. elleemed, or belovr ed above others. " A favourite dog." FA'VOUR LESS, Adj. without encou- ragement, fountcnancer^, or friends. FAU'SE BRAY, S. [Fr. pronounced, /a/f- bray\ in Forti6cation, a fmall mount of earth, four F£ A four fithom yA6s, round the foot of the ram- part, made ufe of to defend the ditch. FAWN, S, \fion, Fr. from fan, old Fr. a youiTg child, oi infans, Lat. J a young deer. To FAWN, V. A. [fuinr.cr, Fr. to bring forth ifi<{cr\ in its primary fignificatior, to bring forth a fawn. To nuke ufe of infinu- atin-i and alluring geftures, applied to a dog. Figuratively, to endeavour to gain a perfon's favour by mean and fervile compliances. F.T.''WNER, S. one who endeavours to gain a perfon's favour by mean and ferviie compliances. FA'WNiNGLY, Adv. in a cringing and fervile manner. FAY, S. [/?.",• Fr.] a fairy. To FE'AGUE, V. A. to whip, chaftife, or bear. FEA/LTY, S. [feaulte, Fr. oi feal, Fr. a fubjccl] duty due iroai a fu'oieft to a king ; or from any peri.in lo his fuperior. FEAR, S. ] fjt-an, afaerav. Sax. vaer, Belg. feahkf ErieJ an uncafinefs of mind aiifing from the thought oi any evil that may b«f<il us. To FEAR, V. A. [f^ieran, Ssx.] to zp prebend evil, applied both lo perfo'is and things. To afiect with an afprehenfion ol mifcr.ief or evil • to be affected with clrt-ad and anxiety Ironi tiie appreiienfion of lu.ure evil. FEARTUL, Adj. timorous, or eafily af- fefted with fear j afraid ; awful ; command- ing reverence. " Glorious in hclir.efs, /far/«/ in praifes." Exad. xv. ii. Terrible ; tiiglittul. FEA'RFULLY, Aav. in a manner which betrays, or cauies fear. FEA'RFULNESS, S. an habitual dread cr fear ; timoroufnels. FEA'RLESS, Adj. free from fear; not regarding danger, tither prcfent or future. FEA'SiBILlTY, S. [trum />^';?.'fj a thinj which may be donej a thing iha: is pradtica- ble, the poffibiiity of bsini; don'-'. FEA'SIELE, Adj. [faifible, Fr.Jpraflica- ble, fuc.h as may be dene. FEA'SIBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be prafticabl;, or pcffible to be cone. FEAST, S. [fcjh, Fr. fyhm, Lat.] a fumptuous entertainment made for a great number of perfons ; an anniverfary day of re- joicing on a pciitical or religious account; iomething nice cr delicious to the palate. To FEAST, V. N. to eat fi:mptuoul!y; to live on coflly and delicious eatables: to gra- tify, " Whofe tafle or fnieli blefs ihefeufed fenfe." Dryd. FEA'STFUL, Adj. feftival or rejoicing. " On feaJ^f-J days." Mtlt-m. Luxurious ; riotous. " His herds and liock in feafful rites devour." Fope. FEAT, S. [/j;, Fr.] a thing done ; an aJV, aftion, or exploit j a trick ; an odd or extraoruioary motion of the limbs. " All fta!s o! dCUviiv." Bdcsn, FED FEA'THER, S. (pronounced //;Jer wrth <; fhort, from fetber, Six. feder, Teut.) the covering of birds, and ihit by which they are enabled to fly. Figuratively, kind, nature, or fpecies. " I am not of that_/earA^r." Sbak, An ornament ; a mere empty title ; a mere play thing, or fomething only fit to divert, or caufe laughter. " A wit's a feather^'' 'Pcfe, \n Farrieiy, a turning or parting of the hair on the forehead, tefembling an ear of barley, or an eyelet hole. To FEA'THER, V, A. to drefs in, or fit with feathers. To fiuther cnis mji, is to grov.' rich. FEATHERED, Adj. cloathed, fitted with, or c;;rry!no feathers. FEA'THERFEW, S. in Botany, a plant, called mairtciAria, the fame i% fe-vc-fe-w. FEA'TKERLESS, Adj. without feathers. FEATLY, Adv. in a neat, fkilful, or dex'erous manner. FEA'TURE, S. {faiture, old Fr.] the caPt or make of the face, or any part or lineament of it. To FEAZE, V. A. [perhaps from fax, S-ix. hair, according to Johnion, but more piooiibly froni/<3M, Sax. a fringe] to untwill the end ot a rope, and reduce it again to flax. FE'BRIFUGE, S. Sjx-ft'rh, Lat.] a f e • ver, ani fujo. La'", to drive av.ayj in Me- dicine, a remedy to drive away or cure a fe- ver. FE'BRIFUGE, Adj. having the power of drivinji avv.:y, or curing a tever, FE'r^RlLE, Adj. [Fr././'nAi, Lat.] confii- tuting, or prcceeding from a lever, " The fibriie fern'entation." Harvey. FE'ERUARY, S. ffo called from fdrua, the name wf a feell held by the Romans, in bthalr of ihe manes o'' the deceafcd. Februus, Lat. is the name tor Pluioj ihe name of the fecond month in the year, according to the ne-.v ftih. FE'CULENCE, or FE'CULINC7, S. [fecukntia, Lat.j i'oulnefs a>ifing from dregs or fediments, applied to liquors. Figuiatively, dregs ; fediments. FE'CULENT, Adj. foul, not clear, applied to liquors. FiE'CUND, S. [fiecundus, Lzt. faotide, Fr,] fruitful 5 abounding in children. " The hhftctind ot ftuittul of children they be." Gra^iti!. FE'CUNDATION, S. [ftcundatus, Lat.] oi fa:cundo, Ldt.] the a£t oi making fruitful. •' rts a medicine oi fecundation y Brcwr.. FECU'NL^ITY, S. the quality of pro- ducing or bring forth in great abundance. FED, the preier and participle paffive of Fcid. FE'DERAL, Adj. [from f^dus, fcedens, Lat.] relating to, and having the nature of a contraft. '* It is a fiderni tile betwixt God and us." Hatt:mjtid. FEE, V t% fEE, ^.{fea.fes'fooh, Sax. faiku, Goth. ^e, in. Jio, Ital, money, or pricej in Law, lands and tenetnt-ius held in perpetual light, on condition of an ackr.ovvkdgmeni paid to the lord of the manor ; a properly, a reward, or money given to a phjfician or lawyer ; a perquifue due to a perfon in an ofRce. FEE'-FARM, S. in Law, lands holden by a man and his heirs for ever, under a yearly rent or acknowleJiiment paid to another. FEE-'SIMPLE, S. in Lav/, thit whereof we «re feized to us and our heiis lor ever. FEE'-TAIL, S. in Law, is when l.nds are given to a nian, and the heirs of his body, fo that if he have children by a third venter, and not of the firft, they ihali inherit. To FEE, V. A. to pjy a counfellor or phy- fician ; to bribe. " Fted every flight orca- fion." Shak. To keep in hire. " In his houfe I have a fervant fisJ." Shak. FEE'BLE, Adj. \fo:bk, Fr.] wanung ftrengih ; or weak in sody and mind. FEE''^LE-M1NCED, Adj. weak, or want^ ing refol-jiion j timorous. *' Comfort the feetk-mlrJeiL'^ r 'uhtfj'. v. 14. FEET.LENE35, o. want of ftrength. FEE'BLT, Adv. in.a weak iriannerj with- out ftrengrh. To FEED, V. A. [prefer and part. pad. fed ; fiJar, Gorh. jedan^ fcedan, Sax. fcedi.. Ifl. fojd ; ffder, fjder, D'n.J to fupply with food. Figuratively, to fupply ; to nouti.'h, cherifh, or keep alive. FEE'DER, S. one who fiipplies with food; one that eats. Figuiatively, a nouriiher, fup- prrter, or encourager. " A feeder of my riots " Shak, Ons who is nice in his foud. " Such fins feeders are .no gutfis, for me." Dryd. To FEEL, V. N. fpreter and part. pafT. fe'.t ; feian, Sax.] to perceive by the touch, f igiiraiv^ly, to have a quick fenfibiiity of good or evil which happens to othtrs; to per- ceive by touching ; to have the fcnfi of pain or pleafure ; to be afFedled by. FEEL, S. the fenfe of feeiins ; the touch. " Diftingi.ifhed by tl-.e/^e/." Shari>. FEE'LER, S. one who can diftinguifh by the touch. In Natural Hidory, the horns or antenna of 'infctls, whersby they grope out their way, and clean their eyes. FEE'LING, Part, oi Feel, that which ex- prelfes great fenfibiiity, or alTsfts flronplj'. " A /-/.-."^^ line." Skak. FEE'LING, S. the fenfe whereby we get the ide.is of h.^rd, foft, dry, wet, fmooth, rough, hot, cold, &c. It is both the grorui^, »nd the moft extenfive of ail the fenfes, if not that which includes all the refl. Figu- ratively, perception ; fenfibiiity ; tenJer- nefs. FEE'LINGLY, Adv. in /uch a manner as if fenfible of feeling any thing ons's felf ; io ;s to afF.ft others deeply. FEET, S. the piurd cl Fuot. F E L FEE'TLESS, Adj. without feet. ^' Fitt- Irfs birds." Camden. To FEIGN, V. A. [pronounced /ai« ; feindre, Fr.l to invent ; to afiert a thing hich is not. '•' Thou^^TiriVw^/? rhem." Neh, vi. 8. To counterfeit, hatch, or put on the appearance of a thing. " Feigns a lau;;h." Pope. To relate fiatitioufly ; to fable. *' The poets did feign that Orpheus drew trees.'* SLak. FEi'GNEDLY, Adv. in a fiaitlous or fa- bulous manner J ccu.Tterfeitly. JEI'GNER, S. an inventor 5 the author of a fable or fiiSion. FEINT, Part, [inftead of feigred ; from feign, or feint, Fr.J invented. No' true or real. " Any feint appearance." Lode. FEINT, S. [feinte, Fr.J a mere Ihow 5 a falfe appearance or attempt } an oflet at fome- thing not intended to be j a diiguife- In Fen- cing, a fali'd offer made at one part to draw a pcrfcn olT from his guard, when the cefign is to iDiike a real pafs at another. In Mufic, a fe.Tiitone. To FELI'CITATI, V. A. [felidtatus, of feliato, Lat. feiiciter, Fr.] to make happy. " To ?^i\\ d.ni fUcisate his fpirits." Watts. To congratulate ; to wifh a perfan joy. FELlCITA'TiON, S. [Fr.J the a£t of wSihing joy, or rejoicing with a perfon on account of fome hr.pf;- event. FELl'CIT x', S. i^fJicite, Fr.fei'icitaSfhat.j a Rale wherein a pcrlon has no wanti to la- tisfy, no wifhes to fulfil, no evils to remove ; but is eiiy without pain, iipd joyful without any d;fh or mixture of forrow. FELi'NE, Adj. [fdH^ius, Laf.J refentibling a cat. " His tail, wh'cii i?yf/,'Ke." Gretv. FELL, Adj. [felle. Six. fell, Belg.fekm, Ital.J void of me'.cy or humanity j ciuel j baibarcu; ; favagc. .Sei.Jo;n u'.id. FELL, S. ffc/Ie, Six.J the f.cin, the hide. " Flcfh «n,i /«//." Shak. To FELL, V, A. [fell, Jd. zni fecL'an, Sax. to fall, fs/len, Teut.J to knock dovvn ; to make a peifon tumble on the ground by the forte of a blew 5 to hew or cut down, FELL, prefer of Fall. FELL'ER, S. r.ne who hews or cuts down. FELL'.ViONGER, S. [from fel, Sax. a 'jkin, and monger, Sax, a dealer or fellerj one that deals in and fells peltry or fkins. i FELLO'E, S. [flgc, Dan. and Teut.J the j pieces of wood whicii make the circumference of a wheel. Commonly called yV/Zy. FELLO'W, S. a conpanion, or one often in ones company 5 one united in the {ame undertaking ; an equal ; one tiiinj fulted to another ; or one of a pair ; one like to, or refe^nbling, another. Sametimes ufed in familiar difcfuirfe for a man or perfon. " A valiaiit /"c/Zow." Slijik, A member of a fociety ; a member of a college, who par- takes in its gove'nmenr and revmues. Fil- Lw, in cwniu.^fitioB, generally denotes ccm- mu.'iiiy FE L ffonity or equ»lity of nature, (!atioiT, or em- picvment. ToFfLI.OW, V. A. to fuit er match «T.e thing w.th another; to pair or prorlucs fine tbi-ng reftmbling another in fize, colour, FEL'LOW-COMMONER, S. oie who has a ri^ht of common with anorhor. In Carobri.ige, a commoner of the higher ordrr, <whn n>s at tablr, aud eats his conimons with the fellows ol the college. FELLO'W-CREATURE. S. one that has the fame creator, generally applied to ani- mals of the fime I'pecie?. FELLO'VV-FE£LING, S. fympathy; or the being as much aflc(fled with the iuffenngs of another, as if they were our own ; a corr- hination in order tociefraud or che.?:. '■ Your n.ifli-woman and your nurfery-maid have a //Tew /</'•;:?." Hif!. cf y. BJl. FELLO'VV-HEIR, S. one who has a right to the fame inheiitance with another ; a co- hetr. " Th.- Gentiles iliould htfilloiu-beirs.^'' Efh. iti. 6. FELLO'W-LABOURER, S. one who h bours to promote the lame dcfign. " My Je'Ioii'-lakourers." Dryd. FELLO'WSHIP, S. compsny ; fociety ; the flate of per'bns who are frrqcently toge- ther, and jointly take part in any defign. AfTociarion ; a confederscy or union of feveral pfrfons by fome contr-^^, bond, or obligation. *' They have never any it\\.\ti fel!otL^Jh<p, ne ▼er any folcmn agreemrnt." Hooker A part- 3tr(l;ip or joint intereft ; equality ; fondnefs I«>r feafting or entertaii.ments of drinking ; ai> e.labliiTiment at an univtrfuy, with a fh3rc fn the levenues of a college. In Arithmetic, 2 ri:!e by wkich the (lock of anycnmpany is divi.led in proportion to the fevera! lu.-ns each partner brought in: it is divided isilo Jingle and aouui'i. FE'LLY. See FELLOE. FE'LLY, Adv. [ from /?/.' and />•] in fuch a manner as fliews want of all the kind .ind be- revolent affeftions ; in a cruel, barbarous, and fav3ge man.Ter. Sel.lom ufed. FE'LO tfe fe, S. riaw Lat.] in Law, one who willinglv and deliberately kills himfelf. FE'LON,' S. [Tr. fe!i>, law U:. fehfen, Ttwt. fa ■■">', S.'x. to be deficient] a perfon who is guilty of fome crime, whii h will fub- ifd him to de.th by the Lw ^ a whitlow, or tiimour foMTicd between the boi.e and its in- veHiBg rrembrane. FE'LON.'Adj. lf(''e, Sax.] cruel; Har- birous ; favage. '• H\ifdon haie." I'tfe. FELO'NIC'JS, A.:j. '^elongir.g to a felon; fiNeflirig to death by the law. Figuratively, wicked ; barbaroMS. FELO'NIOUSLY, Adv. after the man- ner of a leloij ; or with an intent to roo or miirler. FE'LOXY, S. :"/.'o«.-V, Fr. fJ>nla, Lat.] any crime vshica fubjccli a man to death \>) tac Uw. FEN FELT, the preter of F'El. FELT, S. [S.^x.] a kind of ftufF or cloth, either of wool alone, or of caftos, camels, conies hair, and lambs wool, neither fpun, cron'ri, nor woven, but wrought and fulled with lees .^nd fize, and afterwards fhiped into the form of a hat upon a block ; a hide or (kin of animals; (torn/el. Sax. " See that the fit be loofe." Mart. The laft fenfe feems owing to the author's miftaking feli fox fill. To FELT, V. A. [Trem the noun] t* make cloth or ftufFonly by fulling, and work- ing with lees and fze, v.ith<. ui weaving ot eroding. " The fame v.ool one man fe!tt into a har." Half. FELU'cCA, S. \ft!eu, Fr. fe:kon, Arab, a fh pj a fmall fix oared vclTil, much ufed in the Mediterranean, of the fize of a floop or Hiallop, having conveniences made for fix- ing the rudder either at the he.d or Oern. FE'MaLE, S. [femiHe, Fr.J that fes which bears or brings forth young. FE'MALE, Adj. belonging to that, fex, which coiiceives and bears offspring. Femalt rh'imes, in Poetry, are fuch se end in e femi- nine, To called by the French, from whom the term is taken, becsufe it is pronounced very weakly or cbfcurely j fuch are the fol- lowing from Coiv/iv. " Th' excefs ot heat is but a fable ; " We know the torrid zone is now found " habitable." FE'ME COVERT, S. [Fr.] in Law, a married woman. FE'ME SOLE, [Fr.] in Law, an unmar- ried woman. FE'MININE, Adj. [fa-mininui, Lat.] of that fex which bears young. Figuratively, fofr, delicate ; like a woman, or wanting that natural hardinefs which diftinguifhes the male ffX. " Not a man of w.u, butaltoge. iher feminine.''^ Ra'eigb. In Grammar, that g>:nder which denotes a word to belong to a female. FE'MININE, S. a female. " Without f:m'tnh:c.'" Par. Loft. FE'MORAL, Adj. [femora/is, Lat. of femor, femoris, Lat.] belougii.g to the thigh. FEN, S. [fenn, fenr.e,i.<x. ftn, 1(1. -venne, Relg. j a wet, moifl-, or boggy pUce or land overriowed with water. FENCE, S. [a contrjflion of defence] any thing or msar.s made life of to gu.xrd tro^ danger. " There is no f nee .igainfl inunda- tion?." UEfi'-ange, Ati encloture, hedge, or paling, rr;rving to keep perfons Irom en- tering any fpor of ground. To FENCE, V. A. to endofe or fecure a place by a hedge or paling ; to defend or guard, ufed with agalnjl ; to priftife the ait of ienciiig, or that which teaches the ufe of the fword ; to gu'.rd againll ; to ufe fueh methods as to hinder the piogrefs of any vice or evil, ' ii.''cd wr.h agatrj]. FENCE- F E R FENCE'LESS, Adj. open, or without any enclofure. FEN'CER, S. a perfon who makes ufe of the fword according to the rules of fencing ; one who teaches fencing, or the art ot ufing the fword. FEN'ClBLE, Adj. capable of defence. FEN'CJNG, S. the art of defence, or of tjfing the fword. Fencing l;kewife fignifies the hedite or pales ufed to enclofe ground. To FEND, V. A. [from cJefend] to keep off, " To feftd the bitter cold." Dryd. To difpute ; or /hift off a charge. " Able to find and prove with them." Locke. FEN'DER, S. a plate of iron or brafs laid before a fire to prevent the coals that fall from rolling upon, and injuring the floor. FENERA'TION, S. [feneratlo, Lat.] ufu- ry ; or an allowance made or taken for the life of money. FE'NUGREEC, S. [JWrum gracum, Lat.] in Botany, called trig-jndla by Lin- naeus. FEN'NEL, S. [finel,fenoI,S>^x.fenoull, Fr. fnnochio, Ital. faniculum, Lat.] in Bo- tany, the leaves, feeds and roots of the com- tnon (ortare ufed in medicine j the rc.ot being one oi the five opening rooit, the feed one of the great carminative feeds, anil the leaves made ufe of in diftilling a fimpip Water. FEN'NEL-FLOWER, S. a plan'. FEN'NY, Adj. [frnm/^»] foft by the fet- tling of rain, or overflnwing of waters, ap- plied to grsund. IVIarlhy; mooriftij inha- biting or dwelhng in a matfli. " Kfenrty fnake." $bak. FEN'SUCKED, Adj. exhaled from a fen or marfh. " You finfucked fogs, drawn by the powerful fun." .Shak, FE'ODAL, Adj. [feodal, Fr.] held from another. FE'ODARY, S. one who holds his eftate under the tenure of fuit and fervice to a fupe- rior lord. To FEOFF, V. A. \ficf,ficffer,?x.f.offo, law Ldt.J to put in poffeifion j to give a right to a pofl"e(hon. FEO'FFEE, S. [feoffatus, law Lat. feff/, Fr.] one put of poflefliun. FEO'FFER, S, one who gives pofTenion ; <1ifl-mgui(hed in liw from a donor, becaufe the feoffer grant* in fee-fimple, and a donor in fee- tail, Lit. lib. I. c. 6. FE'OFFMENT, S. [f<':ffjmentum, law Lat. J ill Law, a gilt or gran: of any mJnor , melluages, lands, or tenements to another in fee, i. (". to him and his heirs for ever, by the delivery of a fcifin, and poflcflion oi the efiate granted. FERIATION, S. [fena, L«.J th- aft of ce ebrating or keeping holiday, by ccafi.ig tmia labour ; a c.fl.tion from wojk. «i As F E R though there were sny Jeriarion in nature.'* j Brotun, i FERI'NE, Adj. [ferir.tts, Lat.] wild ; un- tamed. <' Ferine, noxious, and unlameable ' beafls.*' Hale. I FERI'NENESS, S. wildnefs ; the q.nlity I of uncuitivared and untame* wildnels. '• Biir- barifm and firinenefi.'^ Hale. FE'RITV, S. [feritai, Lat.] barbarity; cruelty ; wildnefs. " The moft abjeft aiii ftupid yir/zy." JVoodiv, To FE'RMENT, V. a. [fermenter, Fr. fermtnto, Lat,] to exalt, rarity, or comminute, 1 by putting the particles into an intcftiae com- motion. FE'RMENT, S- [Pt. ferment urn, Lat.]thi£ which cauiesan intefline motion in the parti- cles of a fluid. A co.nnmotion or tumult, ap- plied to government. FERME'NTABLE, Adj. capable of hav- ing its pans put into an inteftine comm«ti<jij. FERME'NTAL, Adj. having the power of raifing an inteltine commotion. FERMENT.^'TION, S. [¥t. fawentatla, Lat.] inteiHne motion of the fmall infenfible particles ariliiig from no vilible, external, or mechanic caule, and producing a coniiJerablc ahera'ion therein. FER'MENTATIVE, Adj. caufing, or having the power to cau.e, an intcftinc coaii- mOiion of the pjirticies. FERN, S. [fearn, S.ix,] in Botany, a plant growing on ftumps of trees in vvooiis, and on the banks of ditches. Dscoftions of the root are uled as diet-drink in chronical cafes ; and country people eftecm it afovereign remedy in the rickets. FER'NY, Adj. overgrown with fern, FERO'CIOUS, Adj. [fercce, Fr.]wild, un- timed, favage ; rcfembling a favage. "Each ferocious creature." Pope. FEROCITY,S.(;/.Aoa>/, Fr.feroclras, Lit.j fiercenefsof dilpofition or look. FER'REOUS, Adj. [frrus, Ln.] of the nature of iron. " Ho ferreous oi migneiicil natu^e." Bro-.on, FER'RET, S. \fured, Brit, furet, Fr. ferrelta, ]tal.] in Naturl Hiflory li fmall animal, oti the fize and fonTwhat refem- bling a rat, with red eyes, and a long fnour, ufed to catth rabbits or rats. In trjde, x kind ot narrow ribband made of a meaner fort of filk, with a mixture of cotton, or thri'ad. To FERRET, V. A. to drive out of a lurking place, illudiiig to the manntria which ferrets drive rabbits out of their holes. " The archbifhop YiaA fc ret:ed\\\Tn out ot his holds." Ueyltn. FER'RETER, S. one who hunts another, and difcoveis him in hi» hidinij pljces or pr(> vacies. FER'RIAGE, S. [ rom /^r^] the fum paid tor a pall t^<r at a terry. FERivU'GlKO'JS, Adj. [ferrugineux, Fr . feirfgincu* FES firrug'tneus, Lat.] partaking of the particles or qualities of iron ; ufed only by philofophical writers. FER'RULE, S. [from ftrrum, Lat. iron] an iron or brafs cap, or ring, put round, or at the end of a thing, to hir.der it from fpliuing, or wearing. To FER'RY, V. A. \Pra», Sax.] to row a boat or vefTel acrofs a river j to crofs a liver in a boat or VKfTel. FER'RY, S. [from the verb] a veflel or boat in which perfons ciofs the water. Figu- ratively, the place vuhere boa;? ply which crofs the water ; the common pafi'^ige for a veffel or boat arrofs a river. FER'Ry-M.A.N, S. one who keeps a ferry, or rows a boat at a common pafTage acrofs the water. FER'TILE, Adj. \Yt. fernlh^ Lat ] pro- ducing a great quantity ; fruitful. FERTI'J.ENESS, S. the quality of pro- ducing abundance ; fruitful. To FERTFLITATE, V. A. to make fruitful. " A cock will in one Aiy fersilitate the whole defter of egg?." Broivn. FERTI'LITY, S. [ftrtlliie, Fr. frtuitas, Lat.] the quality of producing plenty, or abundance ; fruittulnefs. FE'RTILLY, Adv. in great quantities, or abundance. To FE'RTILIZE, V. A. [fatUifer, Fr.] to make fruitful- FER'VENCY, S. \fcr-jent, Fr. fer-vent, Lat.] eagernefs ; warmth of application. Ap- plied to the mind, zeal, or v,armth of devo- tion. FER'VENT, Adj. [Vr.fer'vens, Lat.] hot oppofed to cold. Vehement, or warm, ap plied to the temper. Ardent, warm, zealous, or flamine with devotion. FER'VENTLY, Adv. in an eager, vehe- irsnt, earneft, ardent, or zealous manner. FER'VJD, Adj. \fer-v\dus, Lat-rj hot. Fi- guratively, ardent, zealous, vehement. FERVl'DlTY, S. hear, oppofeJ to cold. Figuraiivelv, warmth of temper. FER'VIDNESS, S. the quality of being waim of temper, earirelt in application, or zealous in devotion. FE'RUL.A, S. [Lit.fault, Fr. from fcro, Lat.] in Bntany, fennel-giant : it hath .Tn umbellated flower ; the principal umbel is uniform, globular, confiding offeveral fmaller of the fame form, called rays ; and the invo lucrum is compofed of feveral narrow leaves, which fall off. Linnajus places it in the zd fedt. of his filth clafs. A flat wooden inftru- nient for chaftifing boys at fchool. FER'VOUR. S \ fi"veur, V I. fervor, hzt. X)i fsrijco, lo be hi)tj heat or warmth, oppofed to cold. Eaj^einefs, or eaeneftnefs of applica tion j warmth, or heat of temper , ardour, or F E T natles, reprefenting a band or belf, dividing the efcutcheon horizontally in the middle, and feparating thechief from the b^fe poinr jpolfcf- fing the center of it, and containing in breadth one third part thereof. Fejje point is the exait centre of the efcutcheon. FelJe ivafs, or i« y^//l', denotes the bearing a thing after the manner of a fe[Je. Parts per fcjje, fignifies, parted acro.'s the middle of a fljield, from fide to fide, through the ftjj'e point. ToFES'TfR, f/#, Bav. a fwelling] to rankle ; to grow irifl,imed. FES'_TINATE,Adj.[/^;M^«j,Lat.]hafty, expeditious, oppofed to delay. " A mod fejii- nate preparation." ^kak. Not much in ufe. FES'TiVAL, Adj. \f.ftiijui, Lat.J be- longing to feafis, or public e/itertainments, " F^;W/ entertainments." Alt, FES'TIVAL, S. a time of public feafting ; a day of religious, or public joy. FESTIVE, Adj. [fefii-vus, Lat.] gay j ioyoiis. FES'TIVITY, S. [/e/?;w/ar,Lat.]afeaft; or time of public rejoicing ; gaiety j joy- fulnefs. FES'TOON, S. [fef.on, Fr.] in Archi- teilure, an orname»t of caived work in the forni of a wreath, or garland of flowers, or leaves twifted together, thickcfl at middle, and fufpended at the ends. To FETCH, V. A. pretcr fetched ; feccan, feccean, Sax.] to go, in order to bring fome- ihing to a perfon ; to take or make an excur- fion. " To fetch a turn about the garden." Shak. To equal in value. '' Silver in the coin "ill ntvcr fetch fo much as filver in bul- lion." Locke. FETCH, S. a ftratagem in which a defign is attained indire£lly, or in which one ihii'.g feems to be intended, and another is done ; a trick or artifice. FE'FCHER, S. one who makes ufe of ar- tifice J one who goes for, and brings a thing from a diftant place. FE'TID, Adj. Ifcct'.dut, Lat.] ftinking j having a ffrong and oftenfive fmell. FE'TIDNESS, S. the quality of having a ftrong and offenfive fmell. FETLOCK, S. [ftkck, of fet, Id. afoot j and loci] in farriery, a tuft of hair growing behind the pnllern joint. FET'TER, S. I faet, Six. ft, in. a foot j fa'ttere. Sax.] chsins for the teer, put on pri- foneis to prevent their efcape. Figuratively, any reflraint. To FET'TER, V. A. to put chains ot (hackles on the legs. Figuratively, to en- chain ; to bind J to deprive of fieedom or li- berty. To FET'TLE, V. A.' [a cant word] tot buflle, or make an appearance of being huiy ;•' to do trilling bufinefs. " To/«f,« about the room." Sivfr. FE'TUS, 5. [ftetus, Lat] any animal full leal in devotion. FESSH, S. [/j/i.-a, Lat. a band or girdle] .. in. Heraldry, one of the nine honourable ordi- 1 grown, but in the womb.. FEUD, FEZ FEUD, S.lftabcf, S.x. enmity] quarrel; oppofition 5 war. FEUDS, S. [plurd ;/W«w, Lat.] in Law, lands that are heredita'-y. FEU'DAL, Adj. [feudalis, law Lat.] per- taining to fees or tenures, by which lands are held or" a Uioerior lord. FEU'DATORY, S. [fcudatmre, Fr.] one who holds by feme continual tenure from a fuperior. FE'VER, S. r/c"yfr,/frcr,Dsn.andTeut. fimn, Yr.f'fer, Sax.febris, Lat. J in Medicine. A difeafe in which the body is violently heueJ, and the pulfe quickened ; or in v;hich heat and cold prevail by turns: the laft is an in- termittent fever. To FE'VER, V. A. to put into, or affefl with a fever. " The white band of a lady fe-ver thee !" Shad. FE'VERET, S. Ta d'minutive of /t«r] a ■flight fev^r. FE'VEKISH, Adj. troubled with, or tend- mg to a fever. Figuratively, inconflanr, al- luding to the jliernate fenfation of heat ant) fold in intermittent fevers. " We tof? and torn about our fti'erlp w\\\." Dryd, Occa- f-oning heat. *' Ths feverify north." Dryd. FE'VER ISHNESS, S. a flight dilorder, or afleftation of a lever, FEVE'ROUS, Adj. \Jievreux, fievreuje, Fr.] troubled with, or hiving the nature of a fever ; having a tendency to produce fever?. *' A fn-erijh difpofition of the year." Bacon. FEU'ILAGE, S. [Fr. pronounced 'fuil- laivje] a bunch, row, or circle of leave«. " Fu'iHage, or laurel round the oval." Jsr- FEU'ILEMORT, S. [from fetiilh, Fr. a leaf, and mart, dead, Fr.] the colonr of a faded leaf. Corruptly proaounced, and fome- times written philemot. FEW, Adj, [feoyfeolva, SsK.fcfr, Brit. fua, Dan,] not many, applied mnft properly to number ; but by Londoners fcmetimes ap- plied to quantity ; as, " as a_/Iw broth," ;. e. a fmall quantity of broth. FEW'EL, or FU'EL, S. [feu, Fr. fire] materials for making and keeping up a fire. To FEW'EL, V. A. to keep up a fire by fiipplying ii with fuel. " Ftimh the infernal flame." Cowley. FEW'J^ESS, S. fmalliicfs, applied to num- ber. FEZ, S. (kingdom cf) in Africa. It has the Mediterranean feaon the N. the Atlantic ocean on the W. the river M.ubca, or Umar.i- bea, On the S. where it Jivldes Fez from Mo- rocco, and is bounded on the E. by an imagi- nary line dr.-,wn from the mourh of the river Meluya or Mulvia, to mount Atlas, dividing it from the kingdom of Aleicrs. It wss for- nnerly part of Mauritania Tinsitana, is fome- what larger th:in Morocco, and divided, like it, into feven provinces. Its extent from E. to W. is about 270 miles, that is, from long. F I C I deg. 20 min. to 7 deg. W. where broa.^efi-, and neaily of the fame breadth from N. to S. that is, from lit. 31 to 36 deg. This k'.n?dom is fertile in grain, frust, cattle, was, and honey j but would be much more (o, did the inhabitants cultivate it duly, the Fe- zians being contented with a bare fufiicier.cy, and fcrupulous of fending grain out of ihs kingdom. Kere are good iron mines; buC they are fo ignorant of manufailuring them, that they only make nails, and fome other ccarfe utenfils. Their principal river is Sebu, or Ctbit, v/hich is very rapid, rifing ia Mount Celego, in the province of Cuz, and defcending to the Atlantic ocean, is faid to carry with its ftreams ftones of an hundred weight. It runs wivhin two rtiort miles of Fez city, through vaft ridges, receiving feveral other rivers in its courfe ; yet over it is a bridge faid to be 150 fathoms long ; none of thefe rive.-s are navigable. The only carriage is by laad, upon camels, horfss, and drome- daries, ior expedition. Fez had its own kings, but for fome time it has been fubje£l to Mo- rocco. I'he Spaniards and Poituguefe have fome places on the coaft ; the principal of ihofe belonging to the former, areM^zaiquivir, Penen, Mclilla, and Ceuta ; the fiege, or ra- ther blockade, of the Ml of which, by the na- tives, may be faid ftill to be carried on. Among the places belonging to thePortugiiefe is Arziilai, having ceded Tangier as a part of queen Catherine's dowry to the Englifti, wilo long fmce def.iolifted it. The Seven provs:ices ^bove-mentioned, are Fez Proper, Temefna, Afgur, Rabat, Errif, Guret, Alcaia, and Chuz, or Chaoui. M. deLifle joins Afgur and Ra- bat in one, under the name of Al-garbe. This kingdom and Morocco are under one emperor. FIB, S. [a corruption of fai/e ; of faiula, Lat.] an untruth. To FIB, V. N. to tell lies or falfehoods. FIB'BER, S. a perfon that fpeaks falfe- hoods. Fl'BRE, S. [Fr. /W, Lat.] a fmall thread or ftring. In Phyiics, a long fine part of thread whereof natural bodies confift, and which prevents their being friable or brittle. In Anatomy, a long flender thread, which being varioufly interwoven, or bound up forms the various folid parts of an animal body. Fl'BRIL, fi. f/;r/A, Fr.fibrilla, Lat.] a fmall fibre, which, being joined to others, compcfes one of the larger. Fl'BROUS, Adj. \f.hreux, Fr. confifting of fmall threads or fibres. Fl'BULA, S. [Lat. J in Anatomy, the outer and flenderer of the two bones of the FI'CKLE, Adj. \fico!, Sax.] not of the fame fentjments or opinion long ; incoa- iL^nt; not fi-xed. «' F/V/^/c their date." Par, Loft. FICKLE'NESS, S, a diipofition of mind liable FID liable to frequent change ; a flate of incon- ftancy. Fl'CKLY, Adv. in a manner liable to change ; not fettled or fixed. •' A power thiCi fick/y held." Suutherne. FICTION, S. [Yi.fiilio, Lat.] the aft ot forming a table or liory by help of the imagination ; the thing feigned j a falfe- bood, or thing which has no exiAence in nature. Fl'CTIOUS, Adj. \faui, Lat. of/nao, Lat.] imaginary. " Fiiiious circles." Jt'rior. A word coined by the author quoted ; but Ire- quently made ufe of in converlaiion by Lon- doners, inftcad o{ JiJ'itious. FICTiTIOUS.Adj. [fiTulus, La-.J coun terfeit, oppofed (o genuine. Made in order to refemiile, or pafs for fomething elfe. Imagi- nary, oppofed to real. FICTITIOUSLY, Adv. in a falfe, ima- ginary, or chimerical manner, FID, S. [Jitta, Ital.} a pointed iron, with which leamen univvift their cords. Sk'tiittr, FID'DLE, S. [fiihele, Szx.fde!, Teut. 'vedel, 'Bilg.fdicula, Lat. J in Muhc, a ftringed ii3- fliument. See Violin. To F:DDLE, V. A. [fJIcn, Teut] to play on the violin, or fiddle. Figuratively, to f rifle, to fpend a great deal of time in feem ing induftry, without doing any thing to the purpofe. FID'DLE-FADDLE, S. tiifling, or trifles. *• Abundance oi fddU faddk of that nature." Spt5i- No. ago. FID'DLE' F ADDLE, Adj. trifling; mak- ing a bulile, or giving trouble about nothing *' A uo\ih\eio^e, fddUfaddle oii woman." l{ij}. of J. Bu'l. FID'DLER, S. [fithekre, Sax./i/«r,Belg.] one who plays on tne violin. FID'DLESTICK, S. the bow furni/hed with hdir, which the mufician draws over the firings of the fidJle. Fl'DELlTY, S. [f.delUe, Fr, fidelitas, Lat. J honefly in dealing ; veracity, or truth in tefiimony ; firmnefs in adherence^ or in loyalty. To FIDCE, or FID'GET, V. N. to move nimbly, but nncouthly, or aukwardly. *' You wriggle, fidge, and made a rant." Stvlft. FIDU'CIAL, Adj. [fducia, Lat.] con- fident j without any degree of doubt j that vhich may be depended on, or aft'ords cer- tainty. Hence the f ductal edge of a quad- rant of altitude, is that which hdS the dc grees engraven on it, and on that account makes try problem worked by it both lure and ea'y. FIDU'CIARY, S. Ifiduciariuu Lat,] one that has any thing in truft. In Divinity, one who places fo mucli confidence in laitli, «s 10 look en good works as no ways con- tiibuting Co hit falvaiiua. " The fecond F I F obftruftive is that of the fduclarks.''^ Ham- ItlLlld. FIDU'CIARY, Adj. without any degree of doubt. " Afdueiary aifent." I'^ake. FIEF, S. [Fr.J in Law, a fee, manor, or poli'tlTion held by fome tenure of a fu- pericr. FIELD, S. [pronounced fedd, fe!d, Sax. andTeul. W./, Bc\g.fo!id,m.fiu!d, Hung.] ground not inhajited j a fpace of ground whicli is cultlv.ted. Figuratively, the ground where a battle is fought ; a bj'.tlg, or cam- paign ; a wide extent or expanfe. " Where p'cfds ot light, and liquid ether flow." Dryd, Cumpafs, or a fubjeil which will aft'uid an oppoitunity for a perfon to difphy his abi- lities. " A Urge Jii.'J to expatiate in.*' Speff. la Painting or Heraldry, the ground or lurt ace on which figures, or bearings are drawn. FIE'LDED, Part, encamped ; engaged in war. " In the field of battle, our ftldtd friends." Sbjk. FiE'LD-BASIL, S. a plant. FIE'LDFARE, S. [from/e/^. Sax. a field, indfaran, Sax. to go or wander] a bird of pallage, fuppofed to come from the northern countries. FIE'LD-MARSHAL, S. the commander of an ..rrry in tlie field. FIE'Li>-OFFlCER, S. an officer whofc command, in the field, extends to a whole regiment ; as the colonel, lieutenant-coluncl, and major. FIELD-PIECE, S. in Gunnery, fmall cannon, ulcd only in battles, not in fiiges. FIEND, S. Ifyrd, Six. fend, Bcls. ftlr.d, Teut. an enemy, jiendt, Sax. the devilj the devil ; any infernal being. FlKRCE, Adj. [/(/, Yt, ferax, Lat. <f»ij, JE,u\. Srf, Or.] wild 5 furious; or not eafily tamed ; violent ; outr.igeous. " Fierce winds." Jjtr.cs iii. 2. Terriole, or caufing terror. " Fierce look." FIERCE'LY, Adv. In a furious, violent, or outrageous manner. FIERCE'NESS, S. wildnefs ; eagernefi after flaughter ; quicknefs to attack ; out- rageouinels ; violence, with refpeft to paffion. Irreiiltible (orce, applied to motion. Fl'ERI-FACIAS, S. [Lat. you may caufe it to be done] in Law, a writ that lies where a perfon has recovered judgment for debtor damages, in the king's court, agalnft any one, by which 'he flieriif is commanded to levy the debt and damages on the delcndanl's goods and chattel?. Fl'ERlNESS, S. hot qualities; heat of temper. Fl'ERY, Adj. confifting of hot particles, or fuch as burn ; burning with paflion ; heat- ed by fire. " The fword which is m^AtJtery.'^ Ihok. FIFE, S. r//r«,Itil.] a flirlU pipe, blown lik« F I G ^ like a German flute, ufed to accompany the drum in an army. FIG, S. [fgue,Fr.fgo, Span.feige,TtuU •vughe, ]ie]%,fic, ^ix. ficus, Lat.] the name of a Iweet truit. Linnaeus ranges it in the third feft. of his twenty-third clafs. The fpecies are eJeven. Fl/G-APPLE, S. an apple which has no core in it. Fl'G-MARIGOLD, S a plant relcmbling houfe-leek, whofe leaves grow oppofue each Other in pairs. To FIGHT, V. A. [prefer, and part. pafi". fought -^Jigan, ft!obtan,fythan, Sax.] lo contend with another, either wich arms, ftick.^, or tlic fill J to endeavour by blows, or other forcible means, to get the beiter of, or to conquer an enemy. Ul'ed both of war and fingle' combat, FIGHT, S. [fygbt, Sax ] a violent attack, pr ftruggle, for o.nqueft between enemies, applied both to armies and finglc perfons. FI'GHTER, S. a perfon engaged in war, or fmgle combat j a perfon fond ot fightini?. Fl'GHTING, Particip. qualified, or fit foi battle. " An ho.t of fghiing men." Citron,. Where a battle is fought. " Infighting fields." Pope. FI'GMENT, S. [€gmentui7i, Lat.] a fabu- lous flory j a mere fittion. FI'GURABLE, Adj. [from fgura, Lat. J capable, of being moulded in a certain form, and retaining it. FIGURABI'LITY, S. thequality of being capable of a certain and permanent form. FIGU'RAL, Adj. repreiented by delinea- tion. The figural refernblanceb ol leveral re- gions," Broiun. Figural nuinbeii are fuch as may or do reprefent lome geometrical figure, jn relation to which they are always confi- dered. FI'GURATE, M]. [Jiguratui,hut.] of a certain and determinate form ; refembling any thing of a determinate form. " Figuiaie flones," Figuraie counterpoint, in ^lulic, is that wherein there is a mixture o) difcords with the concords. Figurate litj'cant, in Mufic, is that wherein difcords areconcerneii, as well, though not in much, as concoros. Sec Descant. FIGURA'TION, S, determination to a certain form j the aft of giving a curtain torriK Fl'GURATIVE, Adj. in Divinity, ferving ?s a type to reprefent fomethingelfe. In Rhe- toric, changed from the literal meaning to one jnore remote and elegant ; full of rhetorical ^gures or embellishments. FIGURATIVELY, Adv. by a figure; Ji) a fenfe different from the literal rr,.an- ?ng' FrCURE, S. [Fr. of fgura, Ut ] the form ot any thing as terminated by the out y.ne ; fliape, perfon, or ext.rna) form ; 3 fta fi^e j any thin^ repreiented by diawing 01 F I L painting ; a charadler denoting a nunribc In Logic, the fgure of a fyllogijm, is the proper difpofition of the middle term with the parts ot the queftion. In Aftrology, the diagram of the afpefts of the aftronomical houles. In Divinity, fome hieroglyphical or typical reprefentation. In Rhetoric, any mode of Ipeaking, by which words are iifed in a fenfe difterent from their primary and literal meaning. In Grammar, a devia- tion tiom the rules of analogy, or fyntax. In Djiicing, the making the figure of eight ill going round a couple ; or the d'V rent turnings and windings to be obferved iri any n.ince. To FI'GURE, V. A. [figurer, Fr. fguro, Lat. J to form or mould into any particular ftiape 5 to form a refembl'ance in painting, drawing, or ftatuary ; to weave in flowers, or other rel'emblances of nsturjl objedts ; to re- prefent by types, or hieroglyphics ; lo form an idea o^ a thing in the mind j to forefliew by fome fign or token, " The heaven figures fome event," Shak, Fl'GWORT, S. a plant. FILA'CEOUS, Adj. [flum, Lat. a thread] confifling or compofed of threads. " It i? the ftalk that maketh the flaaous matter." Baco". FILA'MENT, S. [Fr. fiUmenta, Lat.] ^ fine flcnder thread, whereof natural bodies are compofed. The htne as FIBRE, FIL'BERT, S, a fine hag'e-nut with 4 thin fliell, and a remarkable long-bearde4 hufk. To FII.CFI, V. A. [fitxy, Teijt, covet- ous] to take away the property of another privately; generally applied to ftealing or tak- ing away trifles, FPI.CHER, S. one who privately defrauds another of fometbing of fmall value. FILE, S. [Fr. fi!iim, Lat.] a thread or feries, " Let me refume the^/<; of my rela- tion.'' Wotton. A line on which papers ar« ftrung to keep them ; a roll, or catalogue s a line of foldicrs ranged behiiid pne an- oiher. FILE, S. \fco', Sajc. -vuhn, Belg. fii't, Ifl, /f/;, \\w\. pila, Scalv. and Po\. pi/nik, Boh. J an inftrument of fteel ufed to wear protube- rances, or fm©oth iron or fteel by rubbing. To FILE, V. A. [fliim, Lat. thread] tQ ftring upon a thread, or hang upon wire; to c'lt or wear away any roughnels with a file, uomfeolan, Sax. Neuterly, to march, like loldieis in a line, one after another. Fl'LE-CUiTER, «. oi^e who make? files, Fl'LEMO r, S. [corrupted from feuilU- mart'] brown colour, *' The colours yog are to wifti for are blue, or fkmot." S-ufft, Fl'LER, S. one who ufes a file in fmooth- ing or lluping metals. In Lav/, one vyho oft'ers a bill to the no-ice of a judge. Fl'LIAI^, Adj. [F:, oi fii'ui, Lat.] a fon ^ e witli F I L with tbe affeflion of a fon ; bearing the cha- rafler, or ftjnding in the relation of a fon. FILI A'TiON, S. [offLus, Lat. a fonj the rel^tiiin of a Ion to a father. FI'LINGS, S. [without fingular] the particles worn off by the rubbing of a file. To FILL, V. A. [fy!/a?!,fut/an, Sax. /a/ ten, Teut.j to pour, or put in till a thing, or vefisl, can cont.i^n no irore ; to ftore abun dantly, or plenteoufly. " Fill the waters in the fea." Gen. v\. 13. To fatisfy, or con- tent the appetite, wifh, or def;re?. To fill out, to p.n;r liquor out of one velfel till it fills another ; to fwell or extend by means of ' fomething contained ; to grow full ; to glut, or fatiate. FILL, S. as much as a thing can contain ; as much as m^y fatisly or content. FIL'LER, S. any thing that fills up room without life. " 'Tis a mere filler^ Dryd. One who is employed to fill veffcls or car- lia^fs. Fi'LLET, S. \ filet, Yi.filurn, Lat.] a band to tie round the bead, or any other part. The flefhy part of the thigh, applied to a joint of veal, cut from that part of a calf. In Cookery, any mtat rolled ici^ether, and tied round. In Architefture, a little member which appears in ornaments and mouldings, called likewife a l\Jl:l. To FI'LLET, V. A. to bind with a fillet. or bandage. In Architcflure, to adorn with an afiragal, or liftel. " He made hooks for the pillars, overlaid their chapiters, iRifilUtted them." Exod. xxxviii. 28. To Fl'LLlP, V. A. fof uncertain etymo- logy] to ftrike with the nail by a fudden jerk, or motion of the finger. " li I do, filhp me." Shak. FI'LLIP, S; a jerk of the finger let go from the thumb ; a blow given with the nail by a jerk of the finger. FI'LLY, S. [filoy, Bnt.filk, Yt.filia, Lat. J a young mate. FILM, S. [Sax.] a thin Ikin, membrane, Cr pellicle. To FILM, V, A. to cover with a Ikin or pellicle. " It will but Ikin and film the ul- cerous place." Shak, FI'LMY, Adj. confiftjng of membranes, fkins, or pellicles. To FI'LTER, V. A. [Jiltro, low Lat.] to clarify or purify liquois by means of threads ; to ftrain through paper, flannel, (fc. Fl'LTER, S. \filirum, Lat.] a twift of thread, one end of which is dipped in feme fluid to be cleared, and the other hanging dov/n on the ouifide of the vefi'ci, the liquor by that means dripping from it. Figuratively, a ftrainsr, or any thing ufed to clear liquors by percolation. FILTH, S. [Sax. oi ful, Sav. h\i\,fulUha, eld Fr.] dirt, or any thing which fouls, or makes a thing foul ; any thing which pollutes the foul. F I N FI'LTHILY, Adv. in fuch a manner as t* render a thing nafty, or to pollute the mind, Fi'LTHINESS, S. dirtmefs ; any thing foiled, or daubed ; corruption ; pollution. Fl'LTHY, Adj. made foul, nafty, or dirty. Grot's, or polluted, applied to the mind. To FILTRATE, V. A. [See Filter] to pafs ©r (train liquor through a cloth, linen- brig, brown paper, (£/c. to clear it from oegs, or touliiefs. FILTRA'TION, S. the art of making liquor fine and clear hy draining. FIM'BLE-HEMP, S. [fin.w, Ifl. quick, nimble, lightj light fummer-hemp, which bears no feed. FIN, S. [fin, S^x.fietine, Teut. a fcalc, th?, Belg.j a part of a fifh nude I'omewhat like a feather, ferving to keep the fi/h upright, with- out vacillation or wavering, and alfo to forte its way through the water. Fl'NABLE, Adj. [from/««] that which admits a fine. FI'NAL, Adj. [Fr. finalit, Lat.] lad, or that which has noihing beyond it j at the end; conclufive ; decifive; complete. "The final conqueft of Ireljnd." Bjc/ics. Final cauje, is the end for which any thing is done. Fi'NALLY, Adv. laftly ; to conclude } pertettiy ; decifively ; or without recovery. Fl'NANCE, S. [IV. feldom ufed in the fmgularj the amount cf the taxes of a govern- ment, or that of the profi:s or income of a private perfon. Fl'NANCER, S. [Fr.] one who collefts or fdrms the taxes mt public revenue. FINCH, S. \fi>ic, Stx.j a I'mall finging- bird, of which we have thiee fpccies, Tia. the golden-finch, chafi-finch, and bullfinch. To FIND, V. A. [pretrr. / ha-ve found, part. ^rcX. found ; fi'idun. Sax. 'v'tnden Bcig.J to difcover any thing loft, mifiaid, or out of fight before, by means of fcarching j to difcover or attain the knowledge of a thing by ftudy, from finthan, Goth. To find out, to folve a difficul- ty ; to invent. Fl'NDER, S. a perfon who difcovers fome- thing loft, miflaid, or not in fight. FINE, Adj. [fi'Jne, i'r.fiin, Beig and Erfe, fein, Teut. fino, Ital.J made of very (lender threads, aj plied to linens or cloth, and op- pofed to coarfe. Refined, or pure from drof"^, applied to mstals. Clear and free from fedi- mcnts or foulnefs, applied to liquors. Refin- ed, too lubtle, or too high, applied to fenti- ments. Elegant, applied to ftile, or expref- fion in compofition. Handfome and majeftic, applied to perfonal charms. Splendid, applied to drcfs. Ironically ufed as an expielfinn of fomething rather fpurious than real, or rather deferving contenr.pt thai appro- bation. " A fine exchange tor liberty !" Philips. FINE, S. [Jfin, Btit,] in Law, an agree- ment % 1 1 N F I R mcnt made before juP.ices, and entere^^ upon ] To FI'NISH, V. A. [J^nie, Tr.Jinio, Lat.] rrcird for the ret'.ling or alluring of" Janls or j to ccafe (lom wjrk.iiig ; to accofHplifti, per- tfinemcnts, in order to cut off ^.11 coi.troverfif s, to lecure ths title a perfon l)as in h's efnte againll all o h.-rs, or lo cut elf entails, lb ihat lands may, v/ith the jjrcater certai^aty, be con veyed either in fee-tail for life, or years; a fum of money paid and advanced for the in come of lanos ; a certain fum paii) to excule a etT, or complete an uiidertakingj to polfh, or brinj to the utmoft excellence or periettion. to put an end to. ' FUNISHER, S. a performer ; an accom- pll/hcr 5 one who puts an end to, or couipietes an uiulsrtaiting. FINITE, Adj. [/„•:.-«, L.c] thatwhic'ti perfon from the difcharge of an office J a fum '•' limited with rclpeit to buik, or uthcr Ri'sii'ifs or perteftions ; that which may oe rcndeie.H greater, more numerous, or moie perled ; that which may receive an dJdiuon or incifdfe to any of its qiiali ies. li'NlTLLV, Adv. within certain limits of money, or fovtcit, paid, as an amends, or by way ot puniiTiment, (or an (jfii;iice com- Diltlcd. In FINE, Adv. [en fn, Fr. of fuls, Lat, the end] t-iconcluae; in concliifiun To FINE, V. A. [from /«, Adj.] to or degrCrs. efine, or punfv ; to make a pei!i<n pay ino ney as a pumlliment. Neuteily, ta pay a limited Fl'NlTENESS, S. the quality t,f being luni of money to be cxculed lioiii lerving an office. T.. Fl'NEDRAW, V. A. to few up a rent, or nne piece of cloth to another, in fuch a manner, as the feam fhail not be vifible. Fl'NEDRAWER, S. a perfon who pro- feffcs to tcw up the rents, er join one piece of wooUv-n cloth to another in fuch a man- ner, as the feam or joining fhali not be vi- fible. EINELY, Adv. with elegance of thought and exprellioD, applied to the ftile of an au thor. Witli a thin edge or point. Splendid- ly; richly, applied to dreis. In very fnsall particles, applied to powder. Fl'NENliSS, S. ihtw, fplendor, or gsiety, applied to drcfs. Subtlety ; ingenuity. " The Jtnenefs of their fouls." Shuk, Freeaonn from drefs, or impure mixtures. FI'NERY, S. gaiety of drcfs. FINE'SSE, S. [Fr. pronounced fi^efs] a fly, artful ftratagem. Johnfou obfeives that this word is uiiiicccliary, though creeping into cur laii{!U3ge. FI'NEK, one that clears or purifies metals from their drols. Fl'NER, Adj. the comparative dejrje of fiae, made by adding r or er to the pohtive, after the manner of the Saxons. FINTOOTED, Adj. having a fkin or membrane growing or extendiny; between the tpes, appled to the feet of water-fowl. FIN'GER, S. [ /Tnge/-, Sax. Dan. and Tcut. offtro^en, Sax. or f:iKge>i, Teut. to hold, jf«- gur, lll.j one ot the five members at the extreme part of the hand, by which we catch and hold any thing. To FIN'GER, V. A. to touch fiightly, or toy with. Figuratively, to take ty lleahli. In Mufic, io touch or found an inftrilmcnt. FINI'CAL, A,iy (from/m-J nice; fop- piOi ; too much afi'ecfing elegance of drefs and behaviour. Fl'MlCALLY, Adv. fopplfli)y. _ ri'NiCAl.NESS, S. too g-eat an affeaa- tion ol niccucls and ele/.nce. FI^NITUDE. S. a confinement within cer'ain limits and degiees. FiN'LESS, Adj. wi-hout fins. FIN'NED, Anj. having fins; having bioad edges ipreadinj; out on eitljer Jide. " A bioad /:nred p'louih," H'hrlin:, FiN'tlKE, Adj. rcfsir.bling fins, or formed in imitations of fins. " Oinf>i'/:h o-ixs." Dryd^ FIN'NY, Adj. furriiihed with, or having fins. FINTO'ED, Adj. having a membrane or (kin crowing to the toes. FFPPLE, K. [fbu!a, Lat.] a Hopple, or ftopper. " Were it not for the /j.p's that ftraitheneth the air." Eacon. FIR, S. [J^VT, Brit. ^r. Dan./Kr^, Sar. ■vueren, Belg. in Latin,- the abits\ ths tree which produces deal boards. FIRE, S. [fyr, Six.feiur, Teut./.«, Fr.] among the antient i'hiiofophers, one of the elements created wiih a pawer of heating, burning, aud, deflroying. Among Moderns, the eftedl of a rapid interiial moaon of the particles of a body,' by whicli their cohefioii is deftroyed j or in oiher wordf, whatever heats, warms, liquifies, or burns. Figurative- ly, a conf.agration, or burning, whereby houfes are dcltroyed ; flarti?, luHre, or bright- nels. " Stars, hide yourf res." Hhai. Hsit of temper or pp.ffion ; livelinefi of ima- gination ; vigour of mind ; fufceptibility of anger. To jet on fie, is to kindle, or wrap in flames. To FIRE, V. A. to burn, or deftroy by fire. Ncuieriy, to burn ; to take fire. Fi- guratively, to be inP.amed with palhon. In W.U-, to difcbariic a gun, or any fire-ai;ns. Fl'RE-ARMS, S. thofe which are ciat^ed with povvikr and ball. FIRE-EALL. .S. a ball filled with com. buftibles, buriltng'where it is thrown, and ufed in war ; a granadu. " Like fo many Jire-ballsJ''' So'fh. PFREBRAND,S. a pieceof wood kindled, or bun/irg. Figuratively, a pubhc incendiaiy; oc one v.'ho caui'es farSiions orcoDimpiio.is in a iiate. £ e z FI'RE. F I R FI'RE-CROSS, S. a fignal, ufcd in Scot- land, for the nation to take arms. FI'RELOCK, S. that part of a gun which holds the prime, and ^y means of a trigger fets fire to it. Figuratively, a gun. FI'RE-MAN, S, one who is employed by the infurance companies in extinguiiLing burning houfes. Fl'RE'NEW, Adj. perfeflly new, or ne- ver u!ed, alluding lo thofe metals' which are forged by means of fire, or formed by melt- ing. FIRE-PAN, S. [fyre penne, Sax.] a pan F I S FIRMA'MENT, S. [Fr. firmamtnlum, Lat.] the /ky ; the heavens. FiRMAME'NTAL, Adj. celeftial, or btlonging to the fky. " Firmamental witexs." DryJ. FIRM'LY, Adv. in fuch a manner as not to be moved, fhaken, or penetrated eafily j fteadily. FIRM'NESS, S. a ftate of a body wherein the parts cohere, or ftick together fo Wrongly, that they cannot be eafily penetrated ; a fta.e of mind free from doubt or charg;e. FIRST, Adj. [firji, S^x. fiyft, or frfta. of metal ufed in holding fire 5 a (hovel ; the fern, of frfiur, Ifl. -vturji, eerji, Beig, that part of gun which holds the prime and receives the fire from the collifion of the flint. FI'RESHIP, S. \fyrdfcip. Sax-] a fliip or vefTel filled with combuftibles, ani let to drive in an engagement among the fleet of an enemy to let it on fire. FI'RESHOVEL, S. ^fyre^aff, Sax.] an inflrumeiu with which coals are thrown on fires. FI'RESIDE, S. the hearth, chimney, or place near a grate, or fire-ftove. Figurative- ly, a family, " Remember me to your Jire- fider FI'RESTONE, S. in Natural Hiftory, the pyritci, a foffil compounded of vitriol, ful- phur, and earth. That ufed in medicine it of a greenifh colour, of a Ihapelcls form, found in our clay-pi's, and produces the green vitriol. It derives its name fieflone, or py- rites, from giving fire, on being ftruck againfl a fteel, more eafily and freely than a tiint ; all the fpaiks of it burn longer and grow larger as ihey f„ll, the ir.fiamjnable matter struck from the ftone burning ilfelf out be fore the fpark is extinguiihed. Likewife a kind of Ryegate ftone, fo called from the place whence it comes, ufed for fire-hearths, ovens, and ftove?. FI'REWORK, S. a preparation made of gunpowder, fulphur, and other inflammable fubiiances, ufed on public rejoicings, or other occafions. Fl'RING, S. combuftibles made^ufe of to kindle, and lupply fires with j the aift of difcharging fire- arms. To FIRK, V. A. [feriar.. Sax. of feno, Lat. to fltike] to whip j tj beat ; to flrike by way of punifhment. '* To Jirk and whip another's fin." Hud. Fl'RKlN, S. [fetoban, Sax. the fourth] a meafure containing the fourth part of a barrel. The firkin of ale, foap, and butter, contains eiglit g<illons, and that of beer, nine. FIRM, Adj. [fimus, Lat.] ftrong ; not eafily pierced, fhoken, or Oioved j liard 5 flcd- fafV, fixed, or unfhaken. To FIRM, V. A. [fnno, Lat.] to fix ; fettie ; eftabl/hj or confirm. " iF'./ff; thefe oment tl^u haft maJe." Fife, erfl, Teut. forjle, Dan. frumiji, Goth.] that which is earlieft in time ; that which is before all others in order j that which is no- bleft in dignity j that which exceeds all other in excellence. FIRST, Adv. in the firft place. Follow- ing lit, beginning of exiflente, a£lion, (S'c. FWJl or lajl, at one time or another. fIR'ST-FRUITS, S. [not ufed in the fiiigularj that which is firlt produced by any vegetable, or which is fooneft ripe in the feafon ; the firft profits, or firft year's income of a beneiice. FI'RSTLING. S. the firft produce or of- fering of aiiimals. Figuratively, the firft thing done or performed. •' The Jirfllitigs of my hand," SJ.ak. FI'SCaL, S. [ffcus, Lat. a treafury] a public revenue ; exchequer. " The ©rdinary _^fj/ and receipt." Bacon. FISH, S. [fjtes, plural, but fjh is gene- rally ufed in coiiverfatioh,y«, S^x. uji. Got*?. f/.ur, Ifl. fjch, Teut. -vijcb, Belg. fJA, Dan. pjcis, Lat. J an animal wnich inhabits the water. To FISH, V. N. to be employed in catch- ing fifli. Figuratively, to endeavour to difco- ver any fecret by craft or fubtlety. Fl'SHER, S. [ffcere, Six. Jfcher, Teut.] one who is employee! in catching fifh. Fl'SHER Man, S. one who gets his live- lihood by catching filh. Fl'SHER Y, S. the aftion of catching fifh j the place where fifli abound, and are generally fought for. Fi'SHFUL, Adj. abounding in fifh. " Fifi- ful and naviganle rivers." Caind. FI'SH-KOOK, S. a bearded hook, with which fifh are caught. To FKSHIFY, V. A. to turn to fifh. " O flefh, flefh, how art l[\ou fipifed T Shak. IT'SHING, S. conveniency of, or a con- venient place«for, taking fifh. Fi'SHY, Adj. conlifting, or having the qualities of fifh ; tafting like fi/h. FIS'SILE, Adj. [fjfuh, Lat.] that which may be cleft. FIS'SILITY, S. the quality of being fit t» b; cloven. FIS'SURE, S. IFt.fJJura, Lat.Jadeft; a narrow chalm or gaping, T« F I T F I X To FIS'SURE, V. A. to cleave ; to make! FIT'LY, Adv. [from fi] in a proper a cleft. "The flcull may be ^/S/Tare^ or frac-1 manner ; reafonabljr. tured." TVifem. FIT'NESS, S. reafonablenefs ; juftnefs ; FIST, S. \fyft, Sax. olfujlh, Lat. a ciub, fuitablenefs. wa_vy?, Beig. /aa//, Teut.] the hand clenched FIT'TER, 8. the perfon who renders a with the thumb or finger, doubled over each thing proper and fuitable to any particular other, in order to give a blow, or hold a thing defign or purpofe ; a fmall piece, from ftta. fall. To FIST, V. A. to ftrike with the hand clenched ; to hold with the hand clenched. " Fijiing each other's throat." Shak. FI'S'l'lCUFFS, S. [not ufcd in the fingu- larj battle or blows with the fift. Figura- tively, the action of fighting. " My inven- tion and judgment are perpetually iX.f.Jlicuffs.'" Hivift. FIS'TULA, S. [Lat.] in Surgery, a deep, winding, callous, cavernous ulcer, with a nar- row entrance, opening into a fpacious bottom, and generally yielding a lliarp and virulent mat- ter. Fijiula in ano, is a fiftula formed in the fundament. Fijiula lachrymalii, a diforder of the canals leading from the eye to the nofe. FIS'TULAR, Adj. in Surgery, having the nature of, degenerating into, or callous and finuous like a filtula. In Botany, refembling a pipe, applied to the leaves ol plants which are hollow within. Among fiorifts, applied to thofe flowers, which are compofed of many hollow long ones, refembling pipes. FIS'TULOUS, Adj. having the nature of, or refembling a fillula ; compofed of a colkc- tion or afl'emblage of pipes. FIT, S. Ihomfyht, Sax.] in Medicine, an accefs or paroxyfin of a diforder ; any Ihort return after ceffation or intermillion j any violent atteil ion ot the mind. Ufed vulgarly for the hyftencs in women ; the ccnvuHions in children ; the epilepfy in men, or that ftale wherein all the animal funftions feem on a fudden fufpended, and the perfon is for a ihort time like one who is dead, FIT, Adj. [yitun, Belg.j proper, or fuited to any purpofe, with for before a noun, and to before a verb. Right, or the duy of a perfon. " It is ft for a man to know his own abilities." bacon. To FIT, V. A. [-vitter:, Flem.] to make one thing fuit another ; to match j to adapt ; to fuit J to equip; to make proper for the reception of a perfon. FI rCK, S. [a corruption of Fetch'\ a fmall kind of wild pea. " Sowing of ftcbe:." ^uff. FITCHE'E, Adj. \fche, Fr.j in He- raldry, fharp pointed, generally applied to a ciofs. FI'TCHAT, or Fl'TCHEW, S {fjj'au, Fr. fjje, Belg.J a ftiiiking animal of a imall {viz, which robs warrens or hen-roofts ; a polecat. " 'Tis fuch anotherj?cri)«'w." Shdk. FIT'FUL, Adj. fubjeft to fits, faintings, paroxyfms, or intermiliions. " After life's ftful fever." Bibak, \u\. fetz.en, Teut. FITZ, S. [Norm from fh, Fr, a "fon] a fyllable gi-neral.y occurring in Irifh names, not, as fome have imagined, to denote the perlon to be of fpurious birth, but in compli- ance with the ancient cui'.om obferved be- fore the ufe of furnames, when a perfon took his father's name with the addition of his being his fon. To this may be added from* good authority, as quoted by Camden, that it was a cuftom among the ancient Irilh, when the lather died, for the fon to take the name, left it Ihould be forgotten ; hence the names Fitaberlfert, Fitzgerald, derive their origin, and not from the founder of the family's having been a ballard. FIVE, Adj. Iff, Sax. fimf Goth, fim. Run. fmm, 111. fgnf, Precop. pump, Brit. vuf, -vu-ve, Belg. fimf, Teut. pang, Perf. 'miyli, Gr.J a number confiding of two and three added, being one more than four, and one lefs than fix, FI'VELEA VED, S. a kind of grafs, called likewife cinquefoil. FIVES, S. a kind of play, confifting of ftriking a ball, &c. a particular height againft a wall, the perfon who miiles a ftroke lofing one each time he miffes. In Farriery, a difeafe in horfes. To FIX, V, A. [fxsr, Fr. fixus, Lat.] to faften a thing fo as it fliall not eafily be fliaken or moved ; to efrabli/h without chang- ing ; to direft without variation ; to make any thing of a volatile nature capable of bear- ing fire, without evaporating, or the ham- mer, v/ithout breaking or flying, Neuterly, to fettle an opinion, determine the refolutionj to reft ; to ceafe from wandering. FIXA'TION, S. a difpolition of mind not given to ch'ange ; the adl of fixing the mind without wavering; refolution. In Chemiftry, the adl of reduiing a volatile and fluid fub- flance to a hard one, FIXE'DLV, Adv. certainly; firmly; inva- riably; unchangeably, " fmii/y eftablilhed." Lacke. FIX'ED, Part, not moving. The fxed flars, in Aftronomy, are fuch as do not move m orbits. FiX'EDNESS, S. ftability, firmnefs, refo- lution, or a difpofition of mind not given to change; a power to remain in fire uncon- fumed, or to be^r the hammer without flying ; lofs of volatibility, FIX'ITY, S. [See FIXEDNESS] a flrong cohefion of parts, opuofed to volatibility. " Are kept from fuming away, not only by their •fxity."' Newt, E e 3 FIX'TUREj FLA FIX'TURE, S. [a corrviption o^ fxure] thinas which are fixed to the premires. FiX'CRE, S. a pofuion. " The fxure of her eye hath motion in it." iihak. A ihone prefTure. " The firm f.rure of thy foot." Ebak. Firmnefs, or ftjte ot'fixsdnefs. " Quiie from thelr^x;.r*." Shai. FIZ'GIG, S. [I'ffue, Teut.] a kind of dart Of harpoon ufed i" ftrike fifii wi;fi. FLAB'BY, Adj. [ fiappo. It 1. foft or mo'id, finche, Fr. fticco, Ital. Uom f.accidus, Lat. or from iab'ili^, Lat. flipperv, according to B^i'ey] •^'anting firmnefs ; cafily ftiaLlng and yielding to ihe touch.' FLAC'CiD, Adj. [fhcadut, Lat.] weak; wantina ftifrntrs ; or tenfisn. FLa'CCJ'DITV, S. wantof fViftnefs. To FLAG, V.N. \fl.:g^^ror., r.dg. Jaccare, Jul.] to hang down h.-nber, or without ftitf nefs. Figuratively, to grow faint, fpiritlefs, or deje£Ved ; to lofe vigour, or grow feeble, naively, to let fall, or fuffer to droop. " F/jg their v/ings." Prior. FLAG, S. [from the vh^ fia^g, 1(1.] a wrater plant, with a broad-backed it-af, bear, ing jellow flowers, fo called from iismoti.)n, when agitated with the v;ind. The colours or enfigns of a fliip, or regiment, by which fignals are made at fea, and armies are di- ftinguifhcd on land. A fpecies of broad f^one uled for pavemsnis 3 from facbi) old Fr. FLA'GELET, S. \fageoIet, Fr.] a kind of fmali flute, madeof ivofV, box, or fonae other hard wood, with fix holes or (lops, befides that at tiie bottom, the mouth-piece, and that behind the neck. FLAGELLA'TION, S. If/tgeVatus, Lat. fcouigedj the aft of whipping or flriking with a icourge. FLA'GGINESS, S, the ftate of a thing which hangs or droops for want of ftifi refs. FLA'GGYj Adj, weak; limber; droop ing tor wane of ftiffnefs ; v.eak of taile j in- fipid. " A fxcixjlaggy apple." Fac. 'FLAGI'TIOUS, Adj. [jiagUif:'!, hyt.] ccmrtiitted with deliberation, ani obftinate wickednefs, applied to things. O^ftinately and exceOively wicked and villainous, applied to perfons. FLAGI'TIOUSNESS, S. obftinate and v.'il'nl villainy, or wickednefs. FLA'G OFFICER, S. the commander 01 a fquadron. FL A'GON, Ijajha, Din.fjccnjr. Xayavc;, Gr.] a large drinking pot, with a narrow mouth. ' ' FLA'CRANCY, S. [fagmrt-.,!, Lar.] burning, filming, glittering, or heat ; ardour cf aftedtinn ; notoriety of a crime. FLA'GRANT, Adj. [Fr. oifagrans, Lat.] ?rdent ; hot, or vehement ; glowing ; flufhed; FLA verfally known, ajjulled to crimes. ** If the crime be Cojhgrar.r." Swft. I LA'GSHiP, S. a (hip commanded by a general officer ; or fhip which carries the ofrirer w!io comm.inds a fleet. FLA'G-STAFF, S. the (iaffon which tho fl.\a is fixed. FLAIL, S. [fagtHum, Lat. ] an indru- m-nt with which corn is beaten out of the ear. FLAKE. S. \ fnc'w, Iti]. flnerus, Lat.] any thiog which ^'pp^ars loofely held together Iks i flock of wool; anything which beaks in thin p'cccs or lamina ; a 'layer or ffr.-;Mm. To FLAKE, V. A. to form in fl.ikes, or thin pieces loofely joined together. " F/ake the fleecy flow." t'cpe. , FLA'KY, Adj.' H*eaking in fmall pieces likefcales; lying m layers or ftrata. FL.AM, S a lye, o^ falfe report; a mere deceif or ilmfory pretext ; a (ham. ToFLA.\f, V, A. [from the noun] tn deceive with a feigned ftory ; to be put off wuh an idle tale. " God is not to be fammd with lyes." South. FLA-ME, S. [fjirmi, Yr. flamma, Lar,] a fume, vapour, or exhalarios, heated fo as to emit light, or fliine. Figuratively, fire ; brightnefs 0} ims^ination or fancy ; the paf- fion of love : th^' obiedt of love. To FLAME, V. N. to bum fo a? to emit a fhining or bright light ; to fhine like a flame; to be in an excels of paflion. FLA'MEN, S. [Lat.] a prieft among the ancient Romans, who offtciated in their reli- gious rites ; and offered up factifices, £f/r. FLAMMA'TION, S. [farr.ma, Lat.] the att of fetting on flame. FLAMM.VBlLITY,S.the quality of being capable to be fet on flame. " The principles oi Fair.tvabihty.^^ Brczun, FLA'MMEOUS. Adj. [fammeus, L^t. confuting cf, cr refembling flame. " This f/at}:!K€oris light." Ercivn. FL.A'MY, Adj. burning fo as to emit flames, or btightnefs ; inflamed; having the nature of flames, FLA'XDER.S, [Propfr,] a province of the Low Countries, and its firft county or earldom, in Flemifh called Vlanderen, and in Latin Flandria. It is bounded by Hainaulr, .Art., is, and part of Picardy, on the S. the North Sea on the W. the fame fea on the N. with tiie Hond, a branch of the Schtld, that parts it from Zealand, and by the marquifate of the Holy Empire, Brabant, and part of Hainault, on the E. It is fifty miles long, and about the fame in breadth. It is now divided into three p?rts ; namely, Auftrian, French, and Duch Flanders. T.'^:e houfe of Auftria have the greateft fhare, with Ghent its capital. The French pcflefs the S. W. part, in which are Lifle and Dunkirk ; and inflamed. " The beadle's lafh ftill fflgranA the Dutch the N. E. part, in which are the cn their backs." Frior, Notorious, or uai- ' ilrong fortrelfcs of Sluys, Sas-v-n-Ghent. and Hulft. FLA Hulft. The inhabitan's are very laborious, both in cultivating ciieir land, and in iheir manufadlures and trade, which no nation un- derftand better. The air near the fea is thick and raw ; but the higher you lemove inland, the clearer and finer the air. At a diftance from the lea the country produces a great deal of wood, either for tinnber or futl. Here they ieed a vaft number ol horle?, but nioftly fitter for the plou-ih than any other ufe. This country abounds with «xi-!lent paftures for black cattle apd ilieep. The foil produces abundance of com, greens, and fruit of all forts ; and they brev/ in this province a great deal of excelieat beer. It is extremely popu- lous, a perfe£l level, watered with innumer- able rivers and canals, being conveniently fi- tuated for trade, with fome of the fiiieft cities in Europe, and above loco other towns and villages. It has for fome ages paft been the fcene of bloody wars : and (omeiimes the whole ten provinces of the Netherlands are called Flanders. Its principal rivers are the Schcld, the Lys, the Dendtr, and the Scarp. FLANK, S. [flanc, Fr.J that part of an 'animal below the loins j the fide of an army cr fleet, oppofed either to front or rear. In Fortification, that fait cf a baiiion which reaches from the cuitain to tiic face. To FLANK, V. A. to attack the fide of a battalion, or fleet ; to be placed fo as to be oppofite to the fide of a battalion, fleet, or place ; to be en the lide. FLAN'KARD, S. tlie knots or lumps on the fide of a deer. FLA'NKER, S. a fortification jutting out fo as to command the fide of a body marching to an ilTult. FLANKS, S. [plural] in Farriery, a difeafe, hurt, or maim in the back of a horfe. FLA''NN£L, S. [givlanen, Brit, from g'ivlan, wool, lamHn, Lat. from lana, Lat. woolj a kind of flight, loofe woollen fluff, very warm, compufed of a wocf and warp, woven on a loom, with two treddles, after the manner of bays, i^c. FLAP, S. [Uppi, Six.] any thing which hangs down bro-d and loofe j the motion of any thing br^,ad and loofe, or moving on hinges; a blow given with the palm or the band, iSc. In Faniery, a difeafe in horfes, wherein the Ips fwell on both fides their itiouths, and arc covered with blfleis lilie the wnite of an egg. I'ly-fap is a piece of leather fattened to tlie end oJ a flick, \iLd to kill flies with. ' To FLAP, V, A. to beat with the palm of the hand, or fome broad ihin lubft.ince which hangs looie ; to move with a noife made by any thing broad ; to ply the winj^s up and down with a noifa. To FLARE, V. A. [Johnfon imagines it to be a corruption of glare j to glitter, or flutter with oftentatious and fplendid fhe.v j to gli.ter. ♦• When the fun begins to fliiig his FLA flaring beams." Milt. To be overpowered with, or be in too much light. " F'arhg in lunfliine." Friar, To wafle away laviftily, applied to the confuming of a candle or taper. FLASH, S. [fAo^, Gr.j a (udden, quick, tranfltory, or ftiort blaze, or burft of light j a ludden olaze or burft of wit j a fhort iran- flcnt ftate. To FLASH, V. N. to glitter or fiiine with a quick and tranficnt flame, or light ; to buril out into any irregulaiity, or violence. ■' He fiafpes into one grois crime or other." Shak. FLA'SHILY, Adv. in an oftentatious or fliowy manner. FLA'SHY, Adj. empty ; vain ; ofl:entati- ou, ; (howy wiihout reality or funftance. FLASK, S. [faxa.Six.fiaJke, D^njlife, Span.^ajctf, Ital.J a tiiin bottle with a lung and nanow neck, generally covered wiiJi wicker or withes ; a Imall horn ufed tu carry gunpowder in. *' A flcilful foldier's flajky iikak. The bed in the carriage of a piece of ordnance ; a narrow and deep wicker balket. FLA'ilKET, S. [a diminutive of fiifk] a wicker bailcet, in which cloaihs are generally put by walher-women after wafhing, and ap- plied to ctrier ufes ; a vellel in which vidluals are feived up. '' With ^pia^n fiajketi grac'd." Pope. FLAT, Adj. horizontal, or level ; without any flupe. " The houfes are fat roofed." lAddij. Smooth, applied to furlace ; level with the ground. " Lays cities_/^ar." Par. Reg, Thin and broad, or more broad thaii thick. " A fiat fifli." in Painting, without relief or fweliing of the figures. Intipid, or unfavoury, applied to talte. Dullj withjuC fpirit; Irigid, applied to writings. Taile efs, or aft'ordingno plesfure. " All earthly fatis- faflions muft giuwyia^and unfavoury. "^.7fr^. Downright j plain. " Flat defpiir." Fur, Loft. FLAT, S. an even, level, fmooth, and ex- tended plain; a Ihallow ; the broad part or lide of a weapon. D^'prcflion ; finking, ap- plied to thought or 1 ingujge. " There are no fiats amongfl his elevations," Dryd. A lurlate without relief, protuberances, or pro- minences, ia Muiic, J particular mark, iin- piyliig that the note which it flaiKS agaiiift:, IS to be played or fung half a note or tone lower; and when at tiie beginning ot a line or 'pace, (hews, ihat all the notes out that line, and within that Ipace, aie to be fuiigor played naif a note lower than they would be, if ihs mark ut tht fat wee not there. To FLA'i , V. A. to make Lro.'d, fmocth, and level. To make taftelefs, or vapid, ap- pliej to liquor. To renaor iiifipid, unj)lj4- faiiC, and difagreeable. To deprive ot its vigour, fpirit, or plcalure, ap;.lied to thaiighc 01 language. To grow fmooth or fl^C, op- pofed tojwell. 'J'o obftiud\ or deprive of ar- aour, IpuTi, ot zeal. " Mote hkcly to/'jf, £ e 4. itad '^\h A Ihd jiind^r the fpirit of prayer and devotion." fC, Charles. FLATLY, Adv. horizontally, or without floping, applied to fituation. Smootbly, or without prominences, applied to furtace. Without fpirit ; dully j plainly ; in a down tight manner ; or without equivocation or iiilpuife, applied to the manner oC exprefling. FLA'TNESS, S. evennefs, without flop- sng, applied to fituHian, Smoothnefs, with- out prominences, applied to furface. Dezd- hefs, or want of ftrength and taffe, applied to liquors, or foods, Deje£lion, or languor, ap- plied to the mind. \Vaiu of force, vigour, or fpirit; dulnefs ; frigidity, applied to lenti ments or writings. The contrary of fhrillneis or acutenefs, applied to found. To FLA'TTEN, V. A. to beat down or remove any prominences or protuberances in a furface ; to make fmooch ; to beat level with the ground ; to make tai^elefs, or fpi- titlefs, FLAT'TER, Adj. the comparative degree of J^at, formed after the manner of the Sa- Scons, by adding er to the pofitive. FLAT'TER, S. the perfon, or inftrument by which any unequal furface is made plain and level. To FLA'TTER, V. A. \JlaUr, Fr.] to compliment with falfe praifes ; to pleafe or footh. " Fleafing fills the ears znd JlntUrs them." Prac oj Fiety, To excite, or raife falfe hopes and expedlalions. " Flattering gale?.'' Milt. FLA'TTERER, S. a perfo:i who endea- vours to gain the favourof anotlie,- bypraifing him for virtues he has not, by applauding hi' vices, and by fervile and mean compliances' with all his humours. FLA'TTERY, S. a fervile and fawning behaviour, attended with fervile compliances and obfeQuioufnefs,in order to gain a perfon's f avou r. FLA'TTISH, Adj. fomewhat level, fmnoth, or more b-oad than thick. FLA'TULENCE, or FLA'TULENCY, S. [from_//af«/e/;rjwiiidinefs; fulnefs of win'J; a fwelling, or uneaiy fenfation, occalioneo hy wind lodged in the inteftines. Eniptinefs ; vanity ; airinefs ; want of foldity, applied to lentimcnts. "The natural_/!'<jr«/?ni:d ofihit airy Uheme.'' Glani', FLATULENT, Adj. [faiukntus, Lar.] fwelling with air; windy. Flatulent tumois, in Meaicine, are !uc i as eafiiy yield to the touchy and readily return, by their eiaiticitv, to their fii ft lorm. Empty; vain; tumia ; or fwelling without folidity or lubiiance. '' Theiejla'ulen: writers." FLATUO'SiTV, S. [Jiatuoliu', Fr. worn flatui, Lat.] windinefs ; a fwelling occafioned by an fjspanfion or rarefaction of air included in any part of the body. FLATL'OUS, Adj. abounding with in- cluded ait ur wiiid ; windy. fht FLATUS, S. [Lat.] in Medicine, wirtj gathered oi included in ?ny part of the body, ;enerally caufed by indigeftion and a grofs iiternal perfpiration, or the rarefaction of. the air inrluried in the food we fwallow. FLAT'^'ISE, Adj. Of a flat fhape ; with the broad o' flrft part downwards. To FLAUNT, V. A. to make an oftenta- tious, vain, or fluttering (hew in drefs. Fi- guratively, to behave v>'ith pride. " One flauvts in r gs." Pope. FLAUN'T, S. any thing loofe and gaudy. FLA'VOUR, S. a reliih, or a power uf pxiiting an agreeable fenfation on the organs of tafle. Figuratively, fweetnels, or agr<e- dble and fragrant odour, applied to the fmell; FLA'VOUROUS, Adj. agreeable to the tafte ; fragrant ; odorous ; or pleafing to the fmell. FLAW, S. \fioh, Sax. a fragment, flauw, Btlg. broken ; <|>Xaa;, Gr. to breakj a crack, breach, fault, or defeft in any thing; a fuddeii emotion of mind. '' Tht^tf.aioi and ftarts." .V/.'j/;. Seldom ufed in the lafl: fenfe. To FLAW, V. A. to crack. Figuratively, to break, or violate. " France \iilh.Jla-Md the league." Shak. FLAWLESS, Adj. without crack or de- fea. To FLA WTER, V. A. to fcrape or pare a fkin. Ainfiu, JFLAW'Y, Adj. full of cracks, flaws, or defedls. FLAX, S. \fleax, fex, Sax. -vlas, Belg.- flacks, Teur. linum, Lat. and lin, Fr.] in Bo- tany, Linnjeus ranges it in the fifth feftion of his fill h clafs. There are fourteen fpecies. As the improvement of the linen manufaitury dfpends very much on the railing of fl^x, it is to be hoped that all the true patriots of this country will turn their thoughts that way, in order to bring it to its utmoll perfec- tion. This word is ufed fOr the fibre of the plant of which thread is made, when fit for fpinring. FLAX'DRE5SER,S. the perfon who pre- pares f.ix for the fpinner. FLA'XEN, Adj. made of flax j refemblinE flix in its col.iur and fincnefs. f To FLAY, V. A. [flee, prefer floo, infin. adjlaa, Ifl. to ftrip off the ikinj to ftrip off the /kin ; to take off the pellicle, membrane, or fkin which covers any thing. J FLA'YER, S. he that ftrips off the fkin. FLKA, S, Ifleah, fl^b, fleo. Sax. -vloyc, Belg./p/fc, TfM.flco, p\mi\Jiaer, Ifl.J in Na- tural HiHory, a fmall red iniedt, remarkable for its nimblenefs, which lucks the blood of human creatures and other large animals. To FLEA, V. A. to clean fe or free from fleas, FLE'A-BFFE, or FLEA'BITING, S. the red marks, wound, or fenf.ition of pain caulcd by a ilea in fucking the blood of human trea- tures. Figuratively, a fraall or trifling hurr. FLE'A- FLE'ABITTEN, Adj. ftung or bitten ty fleas. FLEAK, S. {ficcea, Sax. See FLAKE.] a fmall thread, lock, or twift. " Fkaki or threads of" hemp and flax." Mort. FLEAM, S. a I'mall inftrumenC of pure fteel, compofed of two or three moveable Uncets. ufed in bleeding cattle, by placing one of the lancets on the vein, and driving it jn with a blow. FLE'AWORT, S. {ftea-wyn. Sax.] a plant. To FLECK, V. A. [feckur. 111. fieck, Teut. a ijpot] to fpot ; to mark with a diffe- rent colour. " Flecked in her face." Dryd. To FLECKER, V. A. See FLEeK] to ftreak, or mark with different colours. " The grey ey'd morn fmiles on the frown ing night. — And darknefs/«,(frfi, &c."Shak. FLED, the preter and participle of Flee, to tun away : not properly ufed for that of Fly, to make ufe of wings. To FLEDGE,V. a. to furnifh with wings; to cover or furnifh with feathers. FLE'DGED,Patt. orAdj. \JltIderen, Belg. to fly, f.tigur, in. able to %J full feathered j able or qualified to fly, To FLEE, V. N. [preter and pariicip. /<>(/] to run away from danger ; to endeavour to avoid dangers by flight, FLEECE, S. {fieoi, filfe, fiyfe, Sax. -vhti, Belg. •vellut, Lat.J the woolly covering fliorn ott the bodies of iheep j as much wool as is fhorn oft one fheep. Figuratively, a ram carved, painted, and ufed tor a fign. To FLEECE, V, A, [from the noun] to iTieer the wool off the fheep. Figuratively, to ftrip, plunder, or deprive of every thing valu- able. " Tojleece the people." Addif. FLEE'CED, Adj. havingor wearing fleeces. *' The rich feec'd flock." Faer. «.. Stripped or plundered. To FLEER, V. N. to turn a thing to inockcry, or ridicule ; to mock j to deride with infolence or impudence ; to leer ; to ad- drel's with a deceitful grin of civility. FLEER, S'. mockery exprcfled either in words or looks. FLEE'RER, S, a mocker. FLEET, FLE'OT, FLOT, in the names of places, are derived (lomjieot, Sax. a bay or gulf. Hence Fleet flreet took its name from the bay or ditch which runs up the land to the maikct of that name, and is properly called Fleet -ditch. FLEET, S. [Jlota, Sax. Jlotta, \u\. fiotte, Fr.j a colleftion of fhips, or number of vef- feis going in company, FLEET, Adj. [fiiotur, III.] fwift, applied to pace, or motion. To FLEET, V. N. {Jlh, Ifl. to carry. fiotaUi, Sax J to fly fwiftly ; to vani(h ; to be tranfitory, or of a fhort duration. " Ofeetin? joys." Par. hoft. Actively, to fnim the water ; to live merrily, to pafs aw..y with ■pleafure, applied to time, " Flee: the time careUfly." Sihak, F L 1^ FLEE'TINGDISH, S. a thin KA orbowt ufed in dairies, to tkim or take the cream off milk. FLEE'TLY, Adv. fwiftly ; nimbly; with a quick motion, FLEE'TNESS, S. fwiftnef'; of motion. FLESH, S. [facf^.fc, Pfc, Sax. -v/eefch^ Belg. jleJjch, Teut. J in Anatomy, a fimilar, fibrous part of an animal body, foft, bloody, and ferving as a covering to the bones ; the body, oppofed to the foul; the mufcles, or fofc part of an animal body, oppolei to the Jk'm, bones, or other ter.dons. Animal food, oppofed to 'Vegetable. The foft part of the body of beafts or birds ufed for food, oppofed to that of Jifhes. Animal nature. Figura- tively, carnality, or feniual app-tites ; a car- nal ftate ; a near relation, or one of the fame blood ; a perfon given up to a lenfual enjoy - ments, or in an unregenerate ftare. " Flefh and blood cannot enter int j the kingdom of heaven." yohn iv. FLE'SH-FLY, S. a fly that feeds on flefli, and depofits its eags in it. FLE'SH-HOOK, S. a hook, or fork, ufed to take meat out of a pot or caldron. FLESHI'NESS, S. [f.ajlicr.edi, flepcneffe. Sax.] carnal or feni'ual paffions and appetites | carnality. FLE'SHLESS, Adj. without fleft. FLE'SHLY, Adj. [flejllc, Sax,] corporeal} liuman, oppofed to ^/Vi/«a/; carnal; lafcivi- ous. FLE'SH-MEAT, S. [f^Jcmtte, Sax.] ani- mal food ; or the fle/h of animals prepared for food. ^ FLE'SH- MONGER, S. one who deals in flefh ; a pimp. " Was the duke a Jicfii- mongsr ?" Shak. FLE'SH-POT, S. a pot in which viaualt are cooked. Figuratively, food. " If he takes ViVfiy t\\t f.efl^-pots." Taylor. FLE'SHY, Adj. plump ; full of flefli; fat. Pulpous and plump, applied to fruits. FLE'TCHER, S. [f.ecbe, Fr. an arrow] a perfon who makes bows and arrows. FLET, Adj. flcimmed. " To drink /f< milk." Mcrt. FLEW, the preter of Fly. FLEW, S. the large chaps of a deep mouth- ed hound, FLEW'ED, Adj. chapped ; mouthed. " So fiezvcd, fo fanded." S>hak. FLE'XIBILITY, S, the quality of ad- mitting to be bent, or turned out of a direft coHrfe or right line ; eafinefs of being pct- fuaded. FLE'XIBLE, Adj. [Fr. fiexMn, Lat.] pofiible, or eafy to be bent ; pliant ; obfequi- ous ; eafily complying with ; duftile or ma- nageable ; to be formed by difciplinc and in- flrudtion. " The tender znA fie\rble years of his life." Locke. To be fpcnt, or fuited to any purpofc " Flexible to their purpofe." Roger f, Eafv to be perfuaded. FLEXI- F LI FLE'XIBLENESS, S. pofTil.nifyoreanners to be bent, oppofed to biitthneji, or Ji'ffncjs ; compliance ; traftablenefs ; eafinefs to be nooved by advice, perfuafion, or inftruflion. FLE'XILE, Adj. [Jic^'dis,Lit.] pliant; ea- fy to be bent, or turned out of its courfe. FLE'XiON, S. [fexiiy Lat.J the aft of bending, or changing trom a ftrait to a crooked line; a double; a bending; the ftaie of a thing bent ; a turn or motion towards any quarter or direftion, " A flexion, or cat of tile fye aHde." Bacon. tLE'XOR, S. [Lat,] in Anatomy, spnlieJ to the mui'cles which aft in contrading or feendine he joints. FLE'XUOUS, Adj. [fexuofut,l.^t.'] wind- ing ; full ot turnings and meanders ; bending; crooked ; variable ; unfte^dy. " The f.ex uaus burning of flames." Bac. FLE'XURE, S. [jiexura, Lat.] the form cr dirciflion in which any thing is bent ; the aft of bendiag ; the part bent ; a joint; ob- fequious or fervile cringing. " Will it give place lojlexuri f' Shak. ToFLI'CKER, V. N. [flightren, Belg. fiei^ur, \[[.fi'.cceriaii, Sax. J to flutter; to have a fluttering motion ; to move the wings up and down with a quick motion. " flickering on her neft." Dr\'d. FLIE, S. fj?/V,'Sax.] See Fly. FLl'ER, S. one who runs from flanger; that part of a machine, which, being put into a fwifter motion than the other part;., equa- lizes, regulates, and continues the motion of the reft." " The ^:>r of a jack." • FLIGHT, ?.. [flyght, S'^x.Jught, old Fr.] the aft of running away, in order to avoid danger ; the aft of moving from one place to another to efcape danger; the aft of moving by means of wings ; a flock ot birds moving in the air together ; the birds produceci in the famefeafon. " The haiveft /^iij/t/of pigeons." A volley, or fliower of wcaoons difchargcd at the fame time ; the Ip^ce part in flying. Fi- guratively, heat, or fnaring of imaginition ; a loaring excurfion ; the power of flying. FLI'GHTY, Adj. fleeting ; fvvift in mo- tion ; wild ; or fanciful. FLl'MSEY, Adj. weak ; feeble ; without ftrength, body, or ftiflhefs, applied to manu- faftures. Mean, fpiritiefs. " A vaft extent of _^;»//fy lines." Popt, To FLINCH, V. N. to fhrink from any fufr'ering, pain, or danger ; to withdraw from pain or danger; to fail, " FUncb in property —-from what I fpoke." Shak. FLI'NCHER, S. he who fhrinks or fails in any affair. To FLING, V. A. [prct. and pirt. fung] to call or thio* from the hand; to rtait or throw witti violence ; to fjeft, or cait away as ulelefs or hurtlui. " I charge thee JU':g jiway ambition." Sh.ik. lofi'inf iioivr, to throw upon the ground witii force j to de- mo)i/h or deftroy. F L I FLING, S. the aft of throwing or cafting 3 the fpace or diftance to which any thing is thrown or caft j a gibe; a contemptuous fneer or remark. FLI'NGER, S. one who throws a thing; one who cafls a contemptible fneet at a peifon or thing. FLLMT, S. {fi«t, Sax. 'vlint, T\tm.fiinie, jlccn, Dan. Ji:n, Fr.J a femi-pellucid "ifonc, compofed of cryftal debafed, of a fimilar fub- llance, of a blickifh grey, free from veins, naturally invef^ed with a whitifh cruft ; fome- times fmooth and equal, but more frequently rough ; remarkably hard ; ufed for ftnking fire wiih fteel, and in glafs making. Figura- tively, any thing remarkably hard ; impene- trable or otidurate. " Thejiint and hardnefs of my fault." Shak, FLINT, [(hire of] in North-Wales, h^s a branch ot the Jr;(h tea, on the efluary of the Dee, which river waihes this county on the N. It is bounded on the E. by Chefhire ; on the S. E. by Shropfliire ; and on the S. ana W. by Denbigh /Iiire, which fepirates a fmail part of it from the reft on the S. E. fide. This is the leaft of all the Welch counti-rs, being reckoned t^iirty- three miles from N.W. to S. E. but its breadth, from N. to S. is not above eight. It contains tweniy-eight panihes, including one city, one bofough, three market- towns, with 32,000 iiihabiiaats. The arcat- efl paii of it lies in the diocele of St. Abpb, and ihe left belongs to thu of Chefter. The air if healthful, and its hills are but moderate, inteilaced wiih valleys, fruitful both ingrain and pafture, feeding abundance of fnijll cat- tle, Irom which they make great quantities of butter and cheefe. They h^ve alfo flore of honey, ot uhich they mjke metheglin, drank much in this county. Though here is plenty ot pit- coal, there is very great fcarcity of wood, and no great abundance of fruit. The fea and its rivers, particularly the Clwyd and Dee, fupply it plcntitully with nioft kinds of fifh and water fowl. Some of its Jiills have lead- ore, and fome mill-ftones are dug here. Its peculiar nvcrs are the Wheeler, the Sevion, and Alen ; the two fiift of which fall into the Clwyd, and the laii into the Dee. This county fends a knight of the /hire to parlia- ment, aid a burgefs for the antient borough of FLINT, the fliire town of the laft rrien- tioiied county, upon the eftuary of the Dee, wiieie is a I'mall iiarbour. It is governed by a mayor, who is ftiled governor of the caftle, nov/ in ruins. The alTizes are annually held h«re ana in it is the cotinty goal. It lies fourteen miles E. of St. Afaph, twelve W. of Chefter, and one hundred and ninety-four from Li;ndon. It has no wcfkly market, but four annual fairs, ob February 14, June 24, Auguft 10, ana November 30, tor cattle. FLl'NTY, Adj. mane of riinc ; abounding in flints or ftones. Figuratively, rtrong. " The /'i"'j, ana ltv;el couco of war." i<bak. Hard; / not P L O not tr> be penetrated or moved oy prayers, en- •;aties, or the view of miicry. " F/.'rfy lartar's btjfom." S/.\ii. FLIP, S. [a Cant wordj a drink ufed in fliips, made of fpirics, beer, ana fnjar. FLIP/PANT, Adj. [from Flap] nimhie ; tsoving quickly, applied to the tooKue. " A woman's tongue — fo wonderfully voluSle and Jiijipant."' Jddif. Pert ; talkative. " Fiip- fai'.t epilogues." Thompfen. FLIP'PANTLY, Adv. in a pert, talka- tive, cr rlijent manner. To FLIRT, V. A. to throw any thing witi) a jerk, or quick elaftic motion. " The fc-:venger — -Jiirts trom his cart the mud." i^':v>fr. To move with quicknefs. " Flirt your fan." Dorjit. To run about perpetually ; to be unfteady and fiutiering. FLIRT, .S. aquick, iudden, elsftic ttiotlon; a jerk; a fiidden trick. " To play ac the hedge, zfiirt,"" Jchnfon, A pert young huir>;y, a youns, liu'terna, eadding iafs. FLIRT A'TfON,''S. a quick fprigh;lv motion ; or the appearance of a flirt. " A muflin flounce made very full, would give a very ai^reeablr-jUrtntion air." PiJ-e. To FLIT, V. N. [fitter, Dan. to rcTT.ove. See FLEETJ to fly away ; ;o remove or mi- grate. " F/ic out of one body into fome other." Hooker, To flutter, or rove o.n the wing. " To_/7JMn nir." F-.fe. To be tran- fienc, flux, or unff-able. FLITCH, S. [-/^c-is, Din. f.ichs, Fr ] the fide of a hog, witiiuut the heid, faked .md cured. FUTTER-MOUSE, S.a bat, or flurtering inoufe. FLiT'TINO, S. a reproachful accufation ; an otTence, or fault. FLIX, S. [corrupted from Jl<'x, or Jlyfe, S:.x.J down 5 fur ; foft hair. " Blows her JIlX up-" Drfd. To FLOAT, V.N. [fiotter, Yt. f.ottare, Ital, j to fwim on the furtace of the water ; to move eafily in the air, applied to the fl'ght of birds. '■ I'loat in the air." Dryd. To pafs in a light and fwimming manner. ^'1 hating v;!:ons." Locke. To cover with waters. FLO.AT, S. the ait cf flowing, oppofed to the e:>b or rejiux of tne tide. " Float and re- f.oat of the fea." Bac. Any thin^ contrived fo as to fwim ard fuftain a burden on the water ; the cork, or quill, by which the bite of a fifh \i dirco\ercJ. tLO'ATY, Acj. fwimming on the furface. " A ihip. ifjioafy." RaUi^{h- FLOCK, S. \_f.oce, Sjx.J a comDany o( bird?, or /heep. Fi(;urativt;ly, a muliitude of men. " The heathen that fled out by//(>cii." Mucc. xiv. 14. To FLOCK., V. N. to gather in crowds or grejt nuinle;s. To fLOG, V. A. [fiagrum, Lat.] to whip pr pnniOi u ifli a rod. FLOOD, S. [pronounced /ui J ^W, Sax. 7 FLO and DSn,] a body of water j a Tea or river 5 a <iclugf, inuncation, or overflowinj of water 9 ^ flow or flux of fide. " Ebbs and jioodi^' Da-viei. To FLOOD, V. A. [See the noun] to cover with waters. FLOO'DGATE, S. a gate or fliutter. by which any water-courfe is ftopped, or lec Joofc again, at i>leafure. FLOOR, S. [jhz, Teut. phucrh. Belg.'^ the broad or bcar.ied pait of an anchor, which takes iiold of the ground. FLOOR, [jlor,j%re. Sax.] that part of a hou'e on whicii a pcrlon treadv; a ftory, flight,' or order of rooms. In a fhip, (o much of her botrom a? {hi- reifs on when aground. To FLOOP^, V. A. to cover thar part of a rootn a p'^rion wiiks on with plank?, FLOO'RING, S, the matter with which that pirt of a rocm is laid, on which a perfo.T walks ; the bottom. To FLOP, V. A. [Uomfiap] to clap the wings with a noife; to play with any noify motion of a broad body ; to let (down the broad pirt<^ or flin of a hat. ■FLO:MvIOUTHED, Adj. apt to bjabont words. Without regard 10 place, time, or de- cency. FLO'RENCE, S. the name of a cloth invented or made ac the city of the fame nair.e. FLO'REN, S. a gold coin of Edward III. in value fix iliillings. '^ FLO'RET, S. [fleurctte, Fr.] in Botany, an imperfect flower, or ihat which has not petals, apices, ftamina, and ftyle. FLO'RID, A(ij. [Jloridus, Lat.] produc- tive of, or covered with flowers. Bright, or lively, applied to colour. Flushing with red, applied to ihs contjplexion. Embelhfiicd with rhetorical figuies, aoj^lied to flile. FLORPDITY, S. freflinefs or rednefs •£ colour. " A_^i>' ir/;Vy in the face." Fky, FLO'RIDNESS, S. frefhnefs or rednefs of colour. A rhetorical crnbelliiliment, applied CO i\\\e FLORI'FEROUS, Adj, [florifer, Lat.] prO'liiCiOt; flowers. FLOi<lN, -S. [Fr.] a coin fo called, bc- cau''e fii if flruck by the Florentine'. : that of Germany is valued at 2S. ^d. that of Spain at 49. aiTo 41. hallpenny j that of Palermo and Sicily at as. 6d. and th if of Holland at as. rLO/RlST, S. [Jleunjh, Fr.J a perfon citrous anil (killed in the names, nature, and culture of flowe-f, FLO'i>CULOUS, Adj. \fofculus, L>t.] eoii po'ed, or having the nature or form of flowcrv. '• A dry and Jlofcidous c:>at." Bicnxn, FLO'ISON, S. in L.w. goods that float, witliDut an owncj on the lea. To FLOUNCE, V. N. { plorfai, Belg.] (o move wl' h violence in water and mire; to (Iruigic <>r o^fli in the water ; to move witti violence iiJiJ tuira^je. " bix fl:ua(u:g Flant'- dcis r L O ders wares." Prior. To move with ^aflion' ©t anger. " You neither fume, ror Tret, nor f.ounce.^'' Stvift, To adorn with flounces, ap- plied todrcfs. FLOUNCE, S. any thing fewed lo a gar- ment, by way of ornament, and hanging loofe, io as to fwell and ihalce. " A rr\\x^\nJiounct.'" Pope. FLOU'NDER, S. \fynder, Dan.] a fmall , flat fifh, of the plain fpinous kind, living ei- ther !n freih or fait water, caught in April, M^y, June, or July, any time of the day, in a fwitt ftrcam, and fometimes in the ftill deep. To FLOU'NDER, V. N. [i,om flounce] to ffruggie with violent and irregular motions, like a horfe that ftrives to difengage himfelf from mire. FLOUR, S. the fine white powder of wheat, ef which bread is made. . ToFLOU'RLSH, V. N. [f.eurlr, Tr.fio- ree, or Jlorefco, Lat, j to bloom j or be in blof- fom J to be in vigour ; to be in a profperyus ftate; to make ule ofrhetoric.il figurfs ; to tlifplay with variety or oftent.Ttion, applied to language. To rtiove in eddies, circles, or wan- ton and irregular motions. In Mufic, to play an overture. In Writing, to form the liecora- tions or ornaments of penmanihip. In fen- cing, to move a weapon in circles or quclc vibrations. To adorn j embellilh ; to guce or fet off. " The juftice of your title — tlolh fo'jrijh the deceit." Sla!!, FLO'URISH, .S. any embellifiiment. Fi- guratively, beauty. An oflentatioiis dilpl.iy of wit or intellefltial abilities. In Penmanrtiip, figures or ornamenis formed by lines cunoufly interwoven. FLO'URISHER, S. a mere boafter 5 one •who is in the height of profperity. FLOU'RY, Adj. covered with the fine duH OS meal of corn. To FLOUT, V. A. [fuyUn, Be\g. fowwe, Trif.J to mock, deride, 6r infult with con- temptuous mockery. Neuterly, to behave with contempt ; to fneer, FLOUT, S. a mock ; a jeer ; a contemp- tuous and infulting exprefllon or aflion. FLOU'TER, S. a peri'on who deiides, anocks, or jeers another. To FLOW, V. N. {fcn-an, Six.JIyt, pret. flai/t, l(\ ] to run or fpread, applied to waer. To move, or be in motion, oppofed to fland- ing waters. To rife or fwell, applied ro tne tide. To melt, applied to the effeft of heat on tnetils, wax, &c. To proceed from as an fffedl. To be full of liquor, applied to drink ing vrfPels. " Flo-w'tng cups." Sha^- To hang loofe, low, and waving- " A fl'jiv'wg «ijnf)e of green iTIk." Monir'.. To ce free from harllinefs. " A Jtcwirg period." To write f.iiooihly, or fpeak eloquently. FLOW, S. the rile or fwel! of water ; a jjaacn fyenty or abundance. " A_//owoflpi- FL t7 rits." Pope. An uninterrupted fireata j or continuation of words. FLOWER, S. {feur, Yt.fore, Ital.] that part of a plant whicn contains the organs of generation, or the parts neceflary tor the pro- pagation of the fpecies. The male flowers are thofe which have no germen, ftyle, or fruit. Female flowers are luch as contaira the germen, flyle, and are called fruitful flcwers. He'tnajhrodite Jloiuers, are (uch as contain botn the male and female parrs. Fi- guratively, an ornament or embelli/hment ; the prime, bloom, or flouri/hing part of life} the moft excellent or valuable part of any thing. To- FLOWER, V. N. ffiurir, Fr.] to put forth flowers or biofloms ; to bloom, or be in biofTom 5 to fiounfh,. or be in a profperous flate. To froth, ferment, or mantle, applied to liquor. FLOWER AGE, S. ftore or abundance of flowers. FLOWER DE LUCE, S. [feur de lys^ Fr.] a bulbous iris. FLOWERET, S. [feurete, Fr. See FLO. RET] .1 fmall or iraperfeft flower. FLOW'RINESS, S the ftate of abound- ing in flowers or ornaments. FLOW'RING-BUSH, S. a plant, with triangular and glafl'y leaves, naked ftalks, floweis dilpofed in an umbella at the top, and conlifting of fix petals, three large, ano three fmall, expanded in the form of a rofe. FLOWERY, Adj. abounding, adorned with, or full ot flowers, FLOWINGLY, Adv. with readinefs, quicknels, or volubility of fpeech ; with abun- dance. FLOWkWORT, S. the name of a plant. FLOWN, [Hart, of Flee or Fly] gone away ; run away ; departed either by running av;ay or flying; puffed up ; fwelled, or elated. " Flotufi with infolence." Par. Lojl. FLU'CTUANT, Part, [fuffuans^ Lat.] wavering; uncertain; doubling. To FLUC^IUATE, V. N. [fuauatus, of fuRuo, Lat. j to toll to and Iro like the waves ; to float backwards and forwards ; to move with uncertain and hafly motion ; to hefitste; to be inefolute, uiiiHetermined, or in doubt. FLUCTUA'TION, S [fuciuatio, Lat.] the motion of waves or water backwards and forv.'ards ; a flate of fufpenfe, irrefolution, or ■ uncer.;<inty. FLUE, S. [fyg, in. to fly] a fmali pipe or chimney to convey air, heat, or Inioke ; foft down, or fur, eafily wafted by the wind. FLU'ENCY, S the quality of flowing, or continuing in motion, without interruption or intermiflion ; (moothnels ot flile, or numbers j copioulnels, or volubility ot Ipeech. FLU'LNT, Adj. [fluent, L^t.] liquid; flowing in motion ; rsady j eafiiy flowing j cojiotis, applied to fuecch. FLU'ENT, FLU FLU'ENT, S. aftream; torrent, or run aing water. "To cut the ouuagcousJJuent." PbUlips. FLU'ID, Adj. \flutde Fr. fiindus, LatJ having the parts eafily feparable j flowing like v^ater, Fl.U'ID, S. in Medicine any anim»i juice ; a liquor whofe parts yield to the fmall - ell force impren'edjjnd, by yielding, are ea- fily moved among each other, FLUI'DITY, S. ffuidite, Fr.] a qu^ilityof a body whereby the parts are fo difpofed as to lide over each other all manner of ways, and liivf way to the leaft prellure. FLU''JDNESS, S. that quality in bodies oppofjte to firmnefs, by which they change their form or y'e!^ to the lead preffure. FLU'MMEPsY, S. a kind of food made of oatmeal and water, boiled or evaporated to a eonfiftence. Figuratively, mere pretence j flattery. FLUNG, fparticip. and prefer of Flinc] thrown, or caft, follov/ed by in, into, dtivn, from, and to. "Flung into the river." Addif. FLU'OR, S. [Lat.] a fiuid ftate. " Which keep liquors in a jiuorC^ Nsiut. FLUR/RY, S. a guft j an hafty, fudden blaft, or ftormofwind. ^'Af.urry from the north." Gulliij. Tra'v. Hurry a violent commotion, or emotion of mind. To FLUSH, V. N. \fli'.yjf^n, Belg.] to flow with violence ; to come in hafte ; to produce a reddifh colour in the face by a fud- den flow, or a flux of blood ; to elate or ele- vate. ♦' FluJ}:ed with great viflories." Jitter. FLUSH, Adj. frefli ; full of vigour. <' Flufa as May. " .S/jai. Affluent ; abounding. "Lord Strut was not very Jluffj in ready money." H:JI. ofj Bull. FLUSH, S. an afilux 5 a fudden impulfe; a 'violent flow. Jn Gaming, a certain n im- bers of cards of the fame fort. To FLUSTER, V. A. [from fiufi'] to make hot and red with drinking j to make hair drunk. FLUTE, S. \fiufte or flite, Fr. flauta, Spdin. Jiuto, Itjl.J a wind inftrument, divided into the common and German : the common Jiute is played by putting one end into the mouth, and breathing into it Ti>e German fiute, the moft melodious of the two, and mott leiembling the human voice, is not put into the mouth, but founded by a hole a little difiant from the upper end, the end itfelf be- ing flopped with a tompion or plug. Jn .1r- chitefture, perpendicular channels or cavities cut along the (haft of a column or pilafler,ind refembling the infide of a flute, when cut in half. To FLUTE, V. A. to cut channels in columns or pilafters. FLU'TED, Adj. having channels or hol- lows. To FLUTTER. V. N, \pttirm, Sax. FLY fialtern, or flrtern, Tini.flotrer, Fr. ] to mo^ the wings with a quick and trembling mo* tion ; to move abmit with great fliew anl buftle, but with no confequence ; to be in agitation ; to be in a ftate of uncertainty 5 CO beat quick and irreguLrly. To palpitate, ap- plied to the heart. To hurry the mind, or put into confufion, or a violent commotion, FLUT'TER, S. vibration, undulation, or a quick and irrtgular motion ; confufian j aa irregular or difcordered pofition. FLUVI'ATIC, Adj. {Jiuviaticut, Lat.] be- longing to, or inhabiting rivers. FLUX, S. [Fr. flu.xus, Lat.] the i€t of flowing ; the fl:ate of pafiing away, and giving place to others. In Medicine, an extraordi- nary ifTue or evacuation of fome humour ot matter ; a difejCe in which the bowels are excciriated and bleed, called a bloody flux. Th« excrement, or, that which isevacuated by ani- mals. " Civet is the very uncleanly fux of a cat." Shak. In Hydrography, a regular periodical motion <pf the fea, happening t\vice in twenty-four hours, whereby the water is raifed, and driven violently againfl: th« /hores. Figurativt-ly, a concourfe, or conflu- ence. " The fux of company." SJxi^t, The ftate of being melted J that which faci- litates the melting of a body when mixed witk it. FLUX, Adj. [fiixus, Lat. of _,'?tf0, 'Lat.j inconftant; not durable; flowing; main- tained by a conftant fucceflson of p^rtJ, To FLUX V. A. to melt. In Medicine, to falivate ; to evacuate by Cpitting. FLU'XiLITY, S. e3finds of feparation ; poflitiility c* being m.elted. " Fluidity, or at leaft/z/.v;/;Vj'." Boyle. FLU'XION, S. [Fr. fuxi^, Lat.] the afft of flowing ; the mattvr th^it flows. In Me» dicne, a fudden colleftion of morbid matter in any part of the body 5 the velocity by which a flowing quantity is increafed by its generating motion • In Arithmetic, the me- thod of finding an inflnitely fmall quantity, which, being taken an infinite number of times becomes equal to a given quantity. To FLY, V. N. [preter, feto, or fed ; pit:, f^ or f own ; fegjn, Sax.j to move througnt the air by means of wings .; to af- cend in the air. " As the fparks fy up- watds." Jo!) V. To pals, or perform a journey with great expedition ; to burfl afun- der. " Your bottle y';«." .^W/>, To break, or Oliver ; to attack, or fpring with vio- lence ; to fall on fuddenly. 'Tofy in the fact ofaperfon, is to inlult him, w'ith opprac brious language, or any aft of outrage. " Negleit him or fy in biifact.''^ Siutft. To a£V of defiance ot. " Fly in Nature's face."'' Dyd. Ta let fy, to difcharge a gyn or other tire aims. To run away, or at- tempt to efcape any danger ; to avwid ; t» fliun, ELY, S. if'',f!oge, frge, SiK.fue, Dm.} (> Seo F O C SeeFLIE] ifinall winged infeft of di.Terffr.t ff>ccies J that p.irt of a machine which, wlitn put itito motion, continues it with great fwift- ncfs, and thereby regulates and prefcrves the motion of llie other parrs ; that part of a manner's compafs, on which the thirty-two vtinHs are drawn, over which the needle i;. placed, and faftened underneath. To FLY'BLOW, V.A. to taint with fiies ; to fill ".i h majgots. FLY'BOaT, S. a kind of nimble light \elicl for failing. FLY'ER, S. one that runs away from bat- tle J or endeavours to efcape d^ingsr by flight ; any thing that cuis its pailjge thro' the air by means of wings ; that part of a jack which moves round on a pivot hoiiz:>ntally, and thereby keeps the other parts in motioi!. See FLIER. To FLY'F1SH,V. N. to ftfti or angle with a fly. FOAL, S. [ fola, Sax.] the offspring or young of a rr.are, or other bealt of burthen. To FOAL, V. A. to bring forth young, applied tn a maie, or ether beafb of burden FOAM, S. [//?H, Sjx.J the white fpittle ■which appears in the mouth of s high-mettled hotfc 5 the white fubftance which gathers on the top of liquors when fliaken or fermented, but more properly CTtWeil froth. To FOAM, V. N. to h.ive the mouth co- vered with white fu.tby ipiltle j to froth ; to gather foa^i ; to be in a rage ; to be in violent emotions of paflion, alludins; to a high-mettled hcrfe, who foams at the moi.tli when check- ed, or uiiiier unwilling redrain r. FO'AMY, Adj. covered wi:(i froth, or white TroLhy fpittle. \:OV^,S.\fuppe, fu{^fach,Tt\lt.'] a fmajl pocket nr.ade in liie infide of the waiilband of a pair of breechej, wherein the watch is uiu- ai!v carried. To FOB, V. A. ^fof'pea, Teur.] to cheat ; to Crick; to defraud by fome low ftratageno. " Find myfelf, /loiw'init." S/jai:. "The rafcal foiled me off only with wine." Mdf. FO'CAL, Adj. \_iioTt\ focus] belonging to a focus. FO'CIL, S. Ifcile, Fr. focule, Lat.] in Anatomy, the greater or Jefs bone iietween the knee and ankle, or between the elbow and wrift. ' " Both the_/efi/i of the left leg." FO'CUS. S. fl'St-] in "P''" t^e point where the rays meet, and crofs the axis, af- ter refraflion by a glafs ; the points from which rayi divtrge, or towhch they con- verge. Applied to a parabi'i.*, a poi/it in the axis within the figure, and diftant liom the vurtex onc-fou.-th ol the pariimeter, or latusreBum, Applied to <n elliplif, a point towards each end of the longer axis, whence two right lines, bcinjj drawn tn any point in the ciicumlctcnce, fliall be, lo^eilier, equal F O L to the a\i? Itfelf. Applied to an hrpcrbola^ that point in the axis through which ths !a!:is Ti.lum palTeS. FOD'DER, S. [ fodre, Sax. fdcr, Dan.j dry fo.)d,ilored up for cattle againll: winter. ToFOD'DER, V.A. [foder, Dan.] to teed or fupply with dry food. FOD'DERER, S. the perfon who fupplies cattle wi:h cry food. FOE, S. [ fah. Sax fts, Scot.] an enemy, or perfun who is bent to hurt one either ir> war or private life. An adverfary j an oi>po- nent, applied to opinions. " A_/lf to received do -Tines." JViitti. FOETUS, S. [Lat.] a child in the womb after it is perfectly formed. FOG, S. [Dan. a fiorm] a thick cloud, confining of grofs watery vapours, floating near the furfacc of the earth. FOG'GiNESS, S. the ftjte of beingdarJc or rr.iily by alow cloud, confifling of watery vapours, floating near the furface of the earth or water. FOG'GY, Adj. full of dark, cloudly, and moift vapours, Figuratively, dull or cloudy in underftanding, FOH, Inierjeft. an interjeflion ufed to ex- prels abhorrence, or oft'ence received by lome objeft, meaning that it gives g'eat ofFenc?, and is excellively difiigreable. '^ Fob ! one may fmell in fuch a will moft rank." Shak. Com- monly made ufe of when oftendcd by a ftink, or very oftenfive fmell. FOi'BLE, S. [Fr.] a weak or blind fid: ; a nati;ral infirmity or piling. To FOIL V. A. to defeat or get the bet- ter of an eneaiy, Cut not a cotrplete vic- tory. FOIL, S. a defeat, or tnifcarriage ; an ad- vantage gained over an c.iemy, not amount- ing to a complete viftory ; fomething of ano'her colour, ufed by jeweliers to augment the (uftre, or heighten the colour of a ftone or diamon.H ; a blunt fword ufed in fencing, itornf ui/'c-, Fr, FOl'LER, S. one who has gained an ad- vantage over an enemy. To FOIN, V. A. [poindre, Fr.] to pu/h or make a thruft with a weP.po.T, " Tliey lafh, the\ flin, they pafs." Dryd. FOIN, S. a thruft or pufh with a weapon. FOi'SGN, S. [_foijor. Sax. and FrJ plenty ; abundance. •' Nature fhould bring forth — of its own ki.id, Mfuijor., all abund- ance." Shak. To FOIST, V. A. [Puffc-r, Fr. ] to in- f.rt fojr.e hirg not in an original ; to in- tcrnolate. FOySTY.Adj. See FUSTY. FOLD, S. [ fa'.ad, fahi, fald(, Sax.] the ground where fiieep arc confined. " Time drives the flocks from field Xafoldy Raltigb. Figuratively, a flock of fhcep. *' The hope and pronnife of my (Mnz f aid. ^' Dryd. A boundary w iinut. " Nor leave their I'cats, and F O L zni pafs the dreadful fo-d," Creech. A double; one pJtt turned over, and \)\n% up- on another \ the pbit or doubling of a gar ment. Hrnce fild, in compofnion, fignifies the douuling the fame number twic-, or the fdme quantity added ; thus fwo-fold is tivice the quantity j tivtnty-fold, twenty tjimes repeated. To FOLD, V. A. to pen orenclofe fheep in a fold ; to double ; to plait, or turn back a piece of cloth, fo as to double over and cover another part. Figuratively, to indole ; to include; to /hut ; to embrace with the arms clafped round another perfon. FCLI A'CEOUS, Adj. \ foliaceus, Lat. from folium, Lat. a IcafJ confilling of thin pieces, Jamina, or leaves. " A blue talky_/i/wf5w fpar." IVoodtu. FO'LIAGE, S. [feulllage, Fr.] an affem- blage of flowers, branches, leaves, &c, Jn Architeflure, the reprefentation of fuch flowers, branches, leaves, &c. as are ufed *or embelliThmeats on capitals, freezes, or pe- diments. ' ToFO'LIATE, V. A. [fcliarus, Lat. of folium, Lat. a leaf] to beat gold into thin plates, lamina;, or leaves. " GoliifoHatsJ.''' NeiL-t Oj'tic. FO'LIATING, S. applied to looking- glafTe?, is the fpreading a connpofition that will firmly adhere to the back of the glafs, and refleil images. The compofition is called foil, and made of quickfilver, mixed with tin, and other ingredients, FOLIA'TION, S. [foliaiio, of fo.rnim, Lat. a leafj the a£V of bearing leiives. In Botany, a colledticn of thofe tranfitory or fugacious coloured leaves called petals, which conftitute the compafs or body of a flower. FO'LIO, S. [Ital. of ;■« folio, Lat.] a large boo!-:, whofe pages are tormed by a fheet ot paper once doubled. In Commerce, a page or leaf in an account or book- FO'LIOMORT, Adj. [folium mortvum, Lat.j a dark yellow, or colour of a dead leaf, vulgarly called philemot. See Feuilemort. " Of foliomort colour." Wo'.dio. FOLK., S. [fola, Sax. and old Fr, wkk, Relg. -vol^o, Ital, rjulgus, Lat.j people, ule..! only in familiar difcourfc ; nations, or mi.i- kind in general ; any kind of perfons. FOL'LICLE, S. [flliculus, Lat.j in Ana- tomy, a cavity, bag, or veficle in a body, with ftrong coat?. Jn Botany, the feed-veflel, cafe, hulk; or cover, wherein feveral kinds of feeds arc inclofed. ToFOL'LOW, V. A. [f.!;inr:,Six. -vol- ge", Belg.J to go after, or behinJ a perfon ; to purlue an enemy ; to attend on as a fervant; to iuccced, or happen after, in order of time, to proceed trom as a confequcnce, or efFeft j to imitafe, or copy. " F&//CW the perfedtions of thofe, &c." Hooker. To obferve, to aflent, or give credit to. •' All who do not F O N fol.'i-zv real tradition," Til/otf. To attend toj to DC bufied with. " He that unJertaketh ini foiioivith other mens bulinefs." Ecclcf, xxix. 9. FOL'LOWER, S. one who comes or goes after another ; a dependant ; attendant ; af- lociarc ; companion ; a fcholar j imitator, or copier. FOL'LY, S. IfoUe, Fr. follia, Ital.] the: aftof drawmg falle conclufions from juft prin- ciples ; a v;eakneis, or want of underftanding; an ad of negligence, or paffion unbscoming the gravity ot wifdom, or the didates of cool and unbiafTed reftettion. ToFO'MENT, V. A. Ifomen'.art, Lat. fomenter, Fr,] to cherifh with heat ; t.» bathe with warm lotions or liquors. Fi- guratively, to encourage; to fupport ; to cher!fh. FOMENTATION, S. [Fr.] in Medi- cine, a p;utial bathing, or applying hot flm- nels to any part, dipped in m:;dicated decoc- tions ; the liquor or deco£lion formed from boiling medicinal ingredients, with which any pait is, or is to be fomented or ba hed, FO'MENIER, S. an encourager or fup- pOrter. FOND, Adj. IfurJiar), SiSC.] fooliffi ; filly ; indifcreet. " It is fond to wail in- evitable ftrokes." Hhak. Trifling ; or va- lued by folly, <' Not with /W fliackles of the tefted gold." Shak. FooliiTily tender and induigeyit ; loving to an accefs j taking too much def^ht in, and too eagirly coveting a thing. " Fame is a real good, if we may believe Cicero, who was -too fond of it." Dryd. To FOND, V, A. to treat with great in- dulgence, or with an indifcreet excefs of love, " I'll fond it as the frow and child of love *"* Dryd. ' To FON'DLE, V, A. the fame as Fond. FOND'LING, S. a perfon ufed with too much indulgence, and beloved to an excefs; a thing regarded with an excefs of affec- tion. FOND'LY, Adv. foolifhly, indifcreetly, injudicioully, " Ht fondly thought he might endure." S-wift, With an excefs of tender- nefr, indulgence, or love. FOND'NESS, S. fooliilinrfs ; weaknefs ; want of judgment ; au excefs of love, indul- gence, and tendernefs, FONT, S. [fonte, ?T.fom, Lat.] a ftone or marble velfel, in which tiie water ufed in baptifm is contained, in a church. FO'NTANEL, S. [fmanelU, Fr.] in Sur- gery, an ifTue, or artificial ulcer forrned t<» difcharge humours. " Advifed to ifantanelle in her arm." Wilan, FO'NTENOY, S. a town of Hainaulr, In the Au.Triau Nctlierlands, confining (.n Kl in- ders, where a bloody hutle w<s fougfit May i, 1745, between the French comnarKled by njailJial count Saxe, artd the aiiie's under h's royal F O O royal highnefsWiUiam duke of Cumberland; In which the latter, though deferted by the Dutch, at firft gained feveral advantages over the enemy, and obliged them to give ground ; but at laft, by the exceflive fire from the French batteries, were forced to retreat v^ith confiderable lofs. It lies three miles S. E. Qf Tournay, and fixteen N. W. of Mons. Lat. sodeg. 37 min.N. long. 3 deg. 24min. E. FOOD, S. [foJer,Sax.] whatever Is taken in at the mouth and fwallowed, to repair the wants of nature. Figuratively, any thing -which cherilhes. " The food of thy abufed father's wrath." Shak, FOOD'FUL, Adj. fruitful; or plentifully producing things proper for the nounih- jnent of animals. *' the food/u! earth." Viyd- ^ , FOOL, S. [ffo!, Brit, and Arm./c/, Fr.J one who has not the ufe of leafon or judg- ment. Figuratively, one who counteifaits folly; a buffoon, or jefter. " Call my fool hither." Sbak, In Scripture, an idolater ; a very wicked perfon. " The fcol hath faid in his heart, there is no God." Fjai. xiv. i. In cotnnaon tonverfation, uled as a word oi extreme contempt, and flinging reproach. To play the pel, is to trifle, or plsy pranks. To make a fool, is to raife a perfon's exp>.6ta- tions, and difappoint the.T^. " To break promife with him, and make afo((l of him." :Shak. To FOOL, V. N. to trifle; to toy ; to i<Jle ; to deceive; to cheat, ufed with, out of. »' Feord him out o/his money." To in inla- tuate. FOOL'BORN,Acj. foolifb from the birth. Figuratively, produced by a fool. " Afoolbcni left." ^bak. FOOL'ERY, S. habitual folly. " Foolery does walk about the orb like the fun." Shak. An a£l of folly or indifcretion. " It is mere fuolery to multiply diftina particulars." }Vutti. An objeft of folly; a tiling which caufes and indicates folly. FOOLHAK'DINESS, S. indljcreet cou- r;\ge or boldnefs. " There is a difference be- tween daring and fcJbardinejs.^'' Dryd. FGOL'HARDY, Adj. daring, bold, or adventurous without diicrction, or pru- dence. , r < fOOL'TRAP, S. a fnare to catch fooU in. " Bets, at the firft, were fotUra^u" P,yd. lOO'LISH, Adj. void of underftanding ; in«!ifcreet; ridiculous; uurealonable. FOOL'lSHLY, Adv. weakly j without undetftanding ; in.-iifcreetly, FOOL'STONES, S, in Botany, the orch'ts, or fi'.yrion. Tournefort ranjies in the 3d icCc. of his nth clafs ; and Linnajus in the ift it£t. of his 2Cth, The fpceics are ten. FOOT, S. [piiira!,/«f,/(/.;iJ"-, pliir,/rtffi/r, |fl./o.', fe:, f lur. Sax. J that j>2rt of an ania?a| F O O whereon it (lands or walks. In Anatomy, the extremity of the leg, confiftingof the taifus, or fpace ot the ankle from the body of the toot, the inetatarfus, or body of llu' foot, and 'he toes. Figuratively, that part with which any thing is fupported, in the farne manner as the foot fupports the body ot an animal j the lower part, or bafe. " Feet of moun- tains." Hahiu. With on, waiiiing, oppofed to travelling on horieback, or in a carriage. A plan, fcheme, or feitlement. *• Upon the foot of our conftitution." Sivft, To Jet on foot, is to begin ; to give rife to. " If fuch 3 tradition were, at any l\me.,jet on foot.'''' TilUt, Motion, agitation, oraftion. " The num-. hers, or variety of ends on foot.'''' Grew. In Greek and Latin poetry, a certain number of long and ihort fyllables conftituting adif- tindl part of a verfe. A meafure confifting of iz inphes. To FOOT, V. A. to fpurn, kick, or ftrike with the foot ; to fettle, to plan. '' VVh.K confederacy have you with the trai- tors — late footed." Shak. In Dancing, to make a noiie with the foot refembling the tune played by the mufic ; to dance. " To featly fo^t the grace," T'uxle. The infantry of an army, or thole who walk, oppofed to ca-jalry, or thofe that ride. FOOTBALL, S. a bail made of leather, and filled with wind, by means of a bladder included in the infide. FOOT'-BOY, S. a lad attending in li- very. FOOT'CLOTH, S. a fumpter-doth. FOOT'ED, fhaped in the fjot. " Footed like a goat." Greiv, Having a foot, or a place to contain the foot, applied to f^ock- FOOT'HOLD, 8. fpace to bold the foot, or room enough to tread on lecureiy. " So little/c^rjbo/^." V Eftrar.ge. FOOTING, 5. ground for the foot, or any thing to reft on. " The unftedfaft/wf/ng oi a fpear." Sbjk, FounJation ; bafis ; lup- port ; root ; place ; tread ; walk ; or the found of a perfon's feet in walking. •' 1 hear the foot'ir.g of a man." Sbak, A particular man- ner ot moving the feet in dancing lo as to echo the found of the tune ; fteps j traft ; road. Figuratively, entrance ; beginning ; eftabliihment. ^' NoLulcful arts have yet found fating here." DryJ. Sta:e ; condi- tion ufeJ with on. " Gaul was en the fame footing with Egypt." Jddif. FOOT'LICKER, S. a mean, fervile, and f,nvning'perlon. " I thy Caliban— for 'aye ihy forlicker."' S,ba'<. lOOT'MAN, S. a foldicr that marches and fights on ground, opposed to a borjcman, " The numbers levied — confift of footmen three millions, of hotfcmen one." Ral. A menial feryan; in livery ; one who v«alks, or runs. ^ FOOT'MAffSAIP, S. ths art or office qf FOR a runncii, " Yet I have done more with my wiles than ever you did with your Joitman pip." VF.ftran. FOOT'PACE, S. a flow manner of walk- ing- . , FOOT'PATH, S. a narrow way, which will admit only foot pairengers, not being wide enough lor horfes or carriages. FOOT'STALL, S. a woman's (lirnip. FOOT'STEP, S. an impieiHon left by the fool in tr.eiiding. Figuratively, any trace, matk, token, or fign. FOOT'STOOL, S. a ftool whereon a per fon piicBs his feet, when fitting. FOP, S. a perioa of v,eak underrt^nding gnd greit pretence to know);dge and wilJom ; or rather a peifin aft'edin^j delicacy too much bo;l: \t\ drefs and behaviour. FUP'-DOODLE, S. a fool ; ^n inf^gnifi- cam wretch. " Handled you like zfcf-dooJU." FOP/PERY, S, impertinence or folly. '•' L.e: not the found or fhallow fcppery enter my heufe." Shak. AflcCtaCion oi Ihew in drcis, and im.portance without folidity j foole- jj-j afteiflation j or aftei'.ed trifling, rOP/piSH, Adj. fooliffi; idle; vain; vain in /how; gaudy; attpnded with too ^reat an affe£lation of ceremony in bchz- rOP'PISHLY, Adv. after the manner of a top; vainly; oftentatioufly. FOP'PISHNESS, S. fhowy, oftentatious ; an afteifVed vanity. v FOP'LING, S. a petty^ fop ; a coxcomb of the fecond order. FOR, Prep, [for. Sax. faur, or faura, Goih. voor, Belg. '/a'r, Tcut. pour, Fr.J btcaufe, or on account of. '• That which we yircur unworthinef?, are unworthy to crave." Hooker. " V/ith refpeft or regard to. "For Lnllc mete infefts." Tc/rf Ufed often with tfs hefoie it in t'as fenfc. inftead of; in the chiradler or likenefs cf. " Eaibracc/sr truth." Locke. "Lay/^dead." Dryd. '< He re- JlIVJ not to die /o/- thofe that killed him." B'jylt. Conducive, or tending to. " It is for tlic general good." Tilicrf. Towards, or with in.sntion of going to a certain pl;ce. " We fa^kd dirediy for Genoa." Addif, With rc'peft to; on account of; concerning, " Thus muchyji/- the bei'inning and progrefs." ^uri:e:. In confirmation or eilablifliment, applied to prooJs. " There is a ii.-tuial, im- mutable, and eternal tCAfonfor th^t which we call virtue. Ti/.V/. Agsmft, or as a re- medy for. " Good for the tooth-ach." Garret. Ready, fit, prepared, or proffer. ''If yuu be an undcitaker, 1 am for you." Skah. In favour of; on the fid- of. ^ " Aril^otle is for poLticil juiHce." Deirh, Fit; becom- ing. " Is it /or you to ravjgs fea and land .''" V yd. Followed by a/,', it implies notivitb- l-undirtg ; confidering j or in proportion to. FOR ^' He is not very tall, yet for his yzars he'3 call." 8bak. FOR, Conj. wfed to introduce and gtve a reafon of fomething advanced before ; be- caufe. " Yet for that the worft tnen are moit ready," Upenfcr. Forafmuch as, implie? Jince, or Ixcaufe. " Ftiajmucb as it is a fun- dament.)! law." Bacon, For lohy, bcciuC:: i foi this reafon that. ^' For zvry, Soivmaa purjofing to draw the enemy into battle." AT. <;.'/« . FQ'RAGE, S. [fourarf, Fr.J ia War, provifions for horiss and cattie. To FO'RAGE, V.N. to go in fearch of forage. FOR.VMINOUS. Adj. f foramen, Lzt.J full of holes, or pores. "' Soft ii-a^'^orainir.ous bodies." Bacon. To F^ORBtA'R, V. A. l^,rb^ran, Sax.] to ceafe from aftion; to paufe, or delay ; to decline; to omitj or abfVainfrom voluntarily; to endure with patience. FORBEA'RaNCE, S.theaftof pat^entlj- enduring provocation or o.'^'ence. " By long forbearance is a prince perfuaded." Proi/, XXV. 15. To FOREI'D, V. A. {for.beodan. Sax.] to comm?.i;d a perlon not to perform a thing, Neuterly, to order that a ihinft hi?y not hap. uen. " Now the good Coas forbid 1" Skak. FORBID'DANCE, S. a 'prohibition ; or command to abltain from any thing. FORBID'DENLY, Adv. in inch a mar,- ner as is prohibited ;'in a:i unlawful manner. '' You have touch'd his queen forbiddcnh.'- ibak. - ^ FORBiD'DING, Part, ralfing abhorence, averlion, or awe ; obliging to keep arefpeft.'uj diftance. FORCE, S. [Fr./i^rz^i, Ital.] power j vl, gour ; aflive power ; firength of body ; vio- lence ; yalidiiy; an armament; or a company of men or fhips intended for war ; warlike preparations ; uf'ed generally in the plural. Virtue, or efficacy ; delhny ; nepefiity ; itrefs^ or emph:ifis of a fentence. To FORCE, V. A. [forcer, Fr,] to com- pel a perfon to do a thing agam.l his will ; tQ overpower by ftrength ; to drive by violence j to draw or pufli by main ftrength ; to get fro.-n oy violence. In War, to take or enier a ciry oy violence ; to ftorm ; to ravilh. U'yed with out, lo extort a thing which thould be concealed, " The tricks ul'cd in convening fynoris might fora out an csprclhon Ircn^ him.'' yitterb, FO'RCED, Part, obliged to do a thing in- voluntarily, and by conipulfion. V/icHei ; unnatural, applied to theulpol words. " Forcftf conceits." A ictf, FORCEFl/L, Adj. violent; ftiongj drive^ with great violence. FQ'RCEFJLLY, Adv. in a yiolent, im- petuous, aru iapid aA-xutt , ff FORCE'- F O H rO'RCELESS, Aaj. without ftrengih, cr force. FO'RCEPS, S. [Lst. a pair of tongs] in Surgery, an inftrumciu opening like a pair of tongs, ufed to extra£l any thing out of wound;. FO'KCER, S. that which drives, compels, orconftrains by ftrength, power, or violence. In Mechanics, ihe embolus or pidon of a pump working by pulfion or force, oppofed lo a fucker, which works by attraftion. FO'RCIBLE, Adj. ftron^ ; powerful ;v!o. lent J or efFicacious j of great influence, or power 5 caufed by force, violence, or compul- fion, oppofed to •vohintury ; valid 3 binding in law or confcience ; obligatory, FO'RCiELENESS, S. the quality of ef- feiling any end by power, computfion, or vio- lence. FO'RCIBLY, Adv. ftrongly; powerfully fo as to make fome impreflion, or produce feme tfftO. ; by irrefiflible power, or force. FO'RCIPATED, Adj. [(rom/arrt/s, Lat.J formed like a pair of pincers, fo as to open and ihut. " Hold it with their forcifauJ mouth." Diih. FORD, S. [Sax.] a (hallow part of a river. Sometimes it fignifies a ftream or river. " Permit my gboll to pafs the Stygian foidr Dryd. To FORD, V. A. to pafs a river without fwimming, or on foot. FO'RDABLE, A. j. paffabie on foot. FORE, Adj. f Sax.j that part which comes firft when a body moves, oppofed to }yind. •' Greater prtfTing on the fore than hind pyt." Cheynf, FORE, Adv. the part which appears firft to thofe that meet it, oppofed xo eft, "A flight fpar deck_/or£and aft." Raleigh, FORE, in compofitiOB, from the Saxon, implies priority of time, or before any certain period. See Before. ToFO'RE-ADVISE. V. A. to give counfel betimes j to advife before a thing happens. To FO'RE-ARM, V. A. to provide for an attack before it happens. To FO'REBODE, V. N. [/^rfWw/j.Sax,] to predift, or foretel j to prefage, generally ap- plied to fome fii"ure calamity. FO'REBODER, S. a prognofticator } footh- fayer ; foreteller, or fore-knower. To FO'RECAST, V. A. to plan, or pre- pare for cxecition ; to contrive, to forcfee, or provide againfi^. " Toforecaji coiifcquences." IJ'Ejlrur.ge, Among SemftrelTes, to work a bitton-hole, or any thing in the fame man- ner as a button- hole. FO'RECAST, S.Jcontrivance before-h^nd; a fcheme ; a plan : provifton againft any fu- ture emergence ; forefight. FO'RECASTER, S, one who forefees and provjCes ag^inllaAy future event. FOR FO'RECASTLE, S. that part of a ftf^ where the furemaft (taniis. FO'RECHOSEN, Part, chofen or ekfted !>etoie a certain rime. FO'RECITED, Fart, quoted before, or itj a p'ececiing part of a work. lo FO'RECLOSE, V. A. to /hut up ; t.a prerlude ; to prevent 5 to put a flop to. la Law, u> foredofe a n:ortgage,M to cut ori the power or redemption. FO'REDECK,S. the deck in that part of a fhip which is fi.remon- when fiie fails FO'REDO, V. A. to undo or ruin. " This is the ni^lit — th't makes mi.-, or foiedca ms quite" Sh-i''^. To wea:y, overdo, or almoft kill. " Ail with wearv td/k/or<f./o/;ir." Hhak. ToFOREDO'OM, V. A. to predeftinate; to determine beforehand by an inevitable ne- cefTity. FO'RE-END, S. the foremoft part ; the firft part applied to time. FO'REFATHER, S. an ancefror ; or one who is born before another, and belongs to his family or country. To FO'REFEND. V. A. to forbid j to avert. " Henvnif ore/end !" Shat. To pro- vide for ; to ftcure beforehand, " His parti- cular to foreftnd-^'' iihak. FOREFi'NGER, S. the finger next to the thumb. FOREFO'OT, S. [plural, fortfeet] that foot of a beaft which is neareft t.he ncad. To FO'REGO, V. A. to quit, refign, give up, or let go ; to go before ; to be paft, from foie and go 5 to outgo to lole by outgoing, or outrunning. " VVhofe vi«lent property JGr*- ^'v^itrelf." Shik. FOREGO'ER, S. an anceftor, progenitor, or predrcedor. FO'REGROUND, S. that part of the ground or lutface of a piflure, which feems to be before the fi;;ures. FO'REH.'^ND,' S. that part of a horfe which is before the rider ; the chief, or moft excellent part. " The finew and xheforcLand of our hof)-." Shak, FOTIEHANDED, Adj. e^rly ; timely ; be- fore an event comes to pafs; lormed in the foreparts. " A fubflantial, true bred beaft, brayfiv fc-ehann'ed.''^ Dr\d. \ O'K F.H 1; AD, S. the' part of the face from the eyebrows to the hair. Figuratively, im- pudence ; confidence ; alTurance. " J fain would know to wh^at-hranch — they can have ihe/c-'-f'/tf'^t/ to reply." i>iv-,ft. FO'REHOLDINGS, S. [plural] predic- tions ; omens, forebodings ; filly and fuper- (litutions pr.jgnofticationf. The omens /ore- holdings, :ind old wives taUs." L'EJiran, FO'REIGN, Adj. [fi.a:,i Fr. foraro. Span, oi forh, Lat.} of another kingdom, or country ; alien ; remote ; not allied ; oppofiie; inconfiftent with j irrecomiicablf with. "A hnguage/cjjr^wto sny heart, .^'</<»'/To». " Not foiei^n von joriign from fome people's thoughts." Siv'ft. Excluded ; diftant j or not admitted to one's c'ccjuaintance, or company ; like one of an- olher country. "Keep him a Jlreign man ftill." Sbdk. FO'REIGNER, S. a man who is born in, and tomes from another counti-y; the pro- diice of another country j exotic. FO'REIGNNESS, S reir.otenefsj ftrarige- neTsj want of relation to fomething. "Let not tUeforeignnefs of the fubjeft." L''-ch. To FO'REJUDGE, V, A. to Judge before- hand j to judge without proof j to be prepof- ftfied, or prejudiced againft. FO'REJUDGED the Court, in LavO, is when an olncer is banidied or expelled a court /or fome oftenre, or for not appearing to an aflion by bill filed atraini!: him, in which cafe he canrjot officiaie till he appear to the bill. 2. Hen. IV, c. 3. FO'REJUDGER, S. in Law, a judgment whereby a perf h is deprived of^ or put by, the thing in queflion. To FG'REKNOW, V, A. to have know- ledge of a thing before it happens j to fore- fee. FO'REKNOWABLE, Adj. pofTible to be known befoie it happens, FOREKNOWLEDGE, S. knowledge of a thing before :t happens. FCR-ELaND, S. in Navigation, a point of land jutting out into the fea ; a promon- tory. In Fortification, a fmali fpace of Lnd between the wall of a place and the moat,call- 1 ed alfo heame and /ixiere FOR . FO'RENOTICE, S. a token or infornia- tion ot , thing or event before it hapoens, FO'RENSIC, A^j. lfo,,r:jecusMt.fore,:p, 1-at.J belonging to a court of Jaw or judica- ture j belo/iiiino to the law. To FO'REORDAIN, V.A. to determine, or order an event before it happen', .FO'REPART, S. .Kefirftp^r^orbedn- ning.^ applied to time " The fi-epart of'the day. Raltig/j. That part which is firft when a thing, or r^erfon, movi^. FO'REPAST, Part. th3t which has hap- pened, or pift before a certain period,' " Of all forepaji fins.'*' Ha;r.m, To tORERUN, V. A. to precede, or go before J to introduce as a me.Tenger, or har- binger. " Pity flill/.m:,wappro.chinglove '* Dryd. FORERU'NNER, S, an harbinger, o^ meflenger fent before to prepare the way or give notice of the approach of fome perfon ^v.io IS to follow ; a fign or omen, forefliewing tlie approach cf fo-ne future eVent To FO/RESAY, V. A. to predicl, or give notice of fome future event. To FO/RESEE, V. A. [pret. >./.,,, pnrt,c,p.>.,/,,,,J to f.e a thing beforehand to have knowledge of fomethi.og which is to . To FORESHE'W, V.A. to dif.over, or give notice o( a thmp. before it happens To FORESHORTEN, V. A. to fhorten hgures, for the f.ke of /hewing thofe behind them. • Hef-.rHidsthe/or^/^,r.V/i/;;^j."Z)rvi FO'RESGHT, S. th/act of'^feelng^; To FO'REL AY, V A. to lay wait for ; to perceiving "a thing before it happenstthf aft ke in a fnjre or ambuln. An am >ulh a r,t .i.-^.,; j;„ .._ /i r^ ^ ' take in a fnare or ambu/h. " An am'jufh'a X.h\c{ forelayt a tr.ivcller." Dryd. FORELO'.'K, S. the hair which growson the forepart of the head. In a (hip, a little flat wedge, like a piece of iron, ufed at the ends of bolts, to keep them from ftarting, or flying out of the holes. FO'RELOIN, Afj. [pronounced /,rj/.-„fJ in Hunting, applied to a hound, that, when going be.lore the re'.l of the cry, meets the ehace, and goes aw;y with it. FO'REM'aN, S. the firft or cliief perfon jn any aliembly, or among any workmen. FO'RLMAST, in a (hip, a round large piece of timber, featcd in the forepart, on which is born the foref^il, ^ FOREMENTlONEI^Part, or Adj. men- tioned, qiit.tfd, orcit'^d before. _. FO'REMOST, Arij. firft, or before others in place and luuiitionj chief, or before others in dignity. ^ FO'REMAMEt), PJrt. or A^j. [See' Foremen! ionedJ named, mentioned, or fpoken oi before, or in a former part of a *o k. FO'RENOON, S the firft part of the day, ircaluied fro.n tile d.;vvn to the noon, or 12 ft'clock* ot providing againfl any future event' FO'RESIGHTFUL, Adj. having the knowledge of, and preparinz againft any fu- tureevent. " Tht fireflgbtful art he had of hr: li;ly luccefT^r." Sidney. To FORESI'GNIFY, V. A, to give no- tice or token o^ an event before it happens - to teftify. " Whofe coming the Pfalms did hinfore/igmfy.'" Hooker. FORESk!^7, S. the membrane which co- ■vfrs the head of th- pens ; the prepuce To FORESLO'W, V. A. to delay,' Im- pede, or obftruiV : to loiter. "' To FORESP.I'aK, V. A. rfrom/,..and fpeakj to tell, or /be.v before it h:.pciens FORE'ST, S. \foreJi, ?.r\x. fo'cjl, Fr. fo. rcf.a, Ital. for/}, Teiit.J a large uncdlllvitej tiaSt ot ground cv;r^roV.-n with tr.'es. In Ljw, a certain teriitory of wodi-i. groun'js,ar,J frui fill paftures, privileged for wild bc'.fts, fowls of the/-;iy7, ch.fc, and wjrren, t.. r^ft and abide in, in the f-fe jjfo^ea.on of thd kine. f'J- His pleafurpj ,*' ^ 'FORE'ST, A.dj. cfSif'liero'npingto a foreft. Forejl ciiiei, vveie roiir'cj'fl^ej, TJt.i.'jteJ, abro..), ■ T^ the Black i'orfjT. ' flrcJi'Uwi arc peculiar laws, refpeaina Vr;mss'|Com!npitteil in fcrcjh^ and diff'-rent Uo\A tKe 'tomrnon J«ws of f f » England, F,0 R England. Worefl doth, a peculiar kind of broaH cloth. FO'RESTAFF, S. an jnftrument ufed at fea for taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies. To FO'RESTALL, V. A. Ifonfiallan, Sax. of fore, Sax. before, ini flail, Sax, a fta- tion] to anticipate ; to take up beforehand ; or to be troubled on account of fome calamity before it happens. " What need a man fere- Jlall his date ol' grief." Mill. To prevent a perfon from doing of a thing by doing it before him. '• I will not y(3;-f/?a// your judgment of the reft." To buy commodities before an- ether, in order to raife their price. FO'RF-STALLER, S. one who intercepts cuftomers as thfy go to market. FO'REST-BORN, Adj. born in a foreft. or wild place. " This boy is furtfi-bom.''^ Shak. FOR'ESTER, S. [/ore/lier, Fr.] a perfon who has the charge oi a foreft ; one vtho ifthabits a foreft. To FO'RETASTE, V. A. to have a flrong iJea and earneft of a thing before it exifts ; to anticipate; to tsfle before another, or before a determinate time. " Foretajied fruit." M:lt. FO'RETEETH, S. [plural} the broad flat teeth in the front of a ]>erron's mouth ; nam- ed likewi e buiter-tteth, and the inc'tfeies. To FORETE'L, V. A. [preier an.i parti- ciple, yi/rc/^.'^/j to prophefy ; to give notice of a thing or event before it happens j to fore- token, Or frrtfliew. FORETL'LLER, S. one who giv s notice of things fir lire betorc they hjppen, To FORETHl'NK, V. A. [preter and fiU.foret bought] to have an iiea or coiicep tjon of a thing in the mind before it happens or exifts ; to plan, or contrive before-hand. *' F9rithink;nr, vvriphing poLtician." Si,:'ilh. FORETHO'UGHT, S. anticipation, or forefight ; a provident care againft fome future cvenr. FOMETOP, S. thit part of a woman's head-dreiV, or a man's peruke, immediately above ihe lorehcad. FO'REWARD, S. the van, or front of an army. '* They that marched in the fore- nvard.'" I Mace. ix. 1 1. To FOREWA'RN, V. A. to give a per- fon advice beforehand ; to caution a perfon frcm doing a thing beforehand. FOR'FEIT, S. [fforfcd, Bnt. forfdi, Fr.] fometliii'g loft, or paid by way of puni/hment for a crirjie ; a perton liable to punifliment, ot one who is condemned to dt- nh tor a crime. " Your brothef is a f.rfeit of the l.ivv." Skak. To JOR'FEfT, V. A. to lofe a privilege enjiived before, or pay a fum of money as a puiiiflimerit ior feme crime. FOR'r'EIT, P^rtiup. liable to be feized, oi loft; cither as to li^ht or pcdcQlon^ on account FOR of the commifTion of a crime; or the breach of the conditions in a contra^. FORTE ITABLE, Adj. liable to be loft on non-performance of certain conditions, or on being guilty of any particular aflion. _ FORTEITURE.'S. [forfamre, Fr. See Forfeit] llie act of lofing, or paying on account of fome omiflion or crime ; the punifliment fuffered by Jofs of fomething in a perlon'i poffcfli Jii ; the thing paid or Joft as a punishment ; a fine. FORGE, S. [?i: forgia, Ital.J the fur- nace where iron is pn.pcrly tempered, or the place where it is beaten into any particular form. To FORGE, V. A. [forge,; Fr.] to form by tlie hammer ; to beat into ftiape ; to make by any means ; to counterfeit, or falfify. FO RGER, S. one who makes ; or ons who forms by beating ; one who counterfeits a thing. FO'RGERY, S. the crime of counterfeit- ing in order to defraud cr impofe upon; the ait of fabrication ; fmiths woik made by forging. " Unlefs the/c./-o-ery of brazen fljield." Milt. To FORGE'T, V.A. [preter./.r^o.% part. f'-gct, or forgotten J 'vergetex, Delg. fergezxan, old Fr. -vergeff'enyTt'jt.j to lofe the memory or remembrance of ; to neglcft. " Can a woman forget hf-r fucking child .^" Jfai. xlix. 5. FORCE'TFUL, Adj. not retaining a thing in the memory; caufing oblivion or forgetful- ncfs ; negligent ; negledful ; carclefs. " Be not forge ful to entertain llrangers. Hebrews xiii. 2, FORGF.TFULNESS.S. the habitof lofing the memory, or remeaibrance of a thing ; ne- giigenc?, cr negleft. To FORGl'VE, V. A. \fcrgfan, Sax. ^xtxtx foj-ga'ue, part. /ir^iz-^aj to pafs by a crime v\ ithout pun:(hnicnt ; to pardon a crime, or a criminal ; to remit ; to forego ; or not to infift upon a right. " Forga-ve him the debt." Matib. xviii. 27. FORGI'VENESS, S. [forgfenryje, Sax.] pardon of an cflicer, or an otferider ; wiUing- neis to pardon ; remiffion of a fine ; or the forj2,iving a perfun a fum of money which he owes. FORGl'VER, S. one who foregoes his right to a debt, or paffes by an offence without punilTiment or anger. FORK, S. [effcrch, Brit. /erf, St^x. funhe, Fr. yj/'fi7, Lat.J an inftnimfi:t m^rie ■f.v.h two (;rongs, ftiarp at the point, and ufed in e»'.ing ; when it has a very long handle, and three prong5, it is called a trident. The point or' forked p'rt of an arrow. To I-ORK, V. N. to Allot into blade', prongs, or oiv:f)on!, like thole ot corn, wbcn it appears abr.ve ground, or the heads and horns of catile. FORTvED, Adj. formed with two or more parts, rclcjnbling the prongs of a fork. FOR'KEDLY, FOR FOR'KEDLY, Adv. la the form of a fork. FOR'KEDNESS, S. the quality of open- ing into two pjrts, refembling the prongs of a fo.k. FO'RKY, Adj. opening in two parts, and pointed likg the prongs of a fork, or the head of an arrow. " Theitforky tongue and point- lefs fhng." Pope, FORLO'RN, Adj. [farkren. Sax. of/jr- loriiian. Sax. to lofej dellitute ; forfakcn ; wretched ; loft: 5 riefperate. Forlorn Lof^e, tho^e foldiers who are fent on any defperate enter- ing, as the term imports, defiltiite ofallbtpcs, and, as it were, doomed to perifli. FORLO'RN, S. a loft, fojlaken, friend- lefs, or helpkfs perfon. " To live in Scot land a_/c///sr;j." Shak. FORLO'RNNESS, S. a flate wherein a perfon is v^-id of hopes, deftitute of fnends, and i ivolved in forrow or mifery. FORM, S. [forme, Fr. /orwa, Lit.] the external appearance, fhape, or p.!rticuhr mo- del of any thing. Regulirity ; method, or order, applied to placing things, or the ar- rangement of the parts of a difcourl'e. Exter- nal appe^rince, or mere ftiow, when opposed lo fuhjlarcc. Any ftated method, or eft^hlifhed pra£l:ce j a long feat or bench. In Schools, a clafs, or divifion of kholars. In Hunting, the feat or bed of a hare, f lom fyrmtha, S«x. a feat. In Printing, a certain number ol psges contained in an iion or fteel fquare, or chaff, v/hich being made tifht by wooden quoins, riglets, &c, is laid upon th: prtfs to be printed off. In the IVlechanic Arts, a kind of mould, whereon a thing is faftiioned or wrought. FO'RMA pauperis, [Lat. in the quality, or after the manner, of a poor man] in Law, is applied when a perfon has cauie of fuit, but is fo poor as not to be able to pay tlie charges : in which cafe, he makes oath that he has not worth five pounds, his debts being paid, and bringing a certificate from fume lawyer, that his cauie is a juft one, the judge admits hini to Jue in fjrma pauperis, r. e. without paying fees to the counfcllor, attorney, cleik, or the flamp-duty. This cufiom has its beginning from ftat. II Hen. VII. c. 12. FO'RMaL, Adj. [formcl, Fr.formalli, Lat. J Ceremonious; folemn ; piecife; exact to afletlation } done according to certain rules or methods J regular 3 methodical; merely ex- ternal. FORMA'LIST, S. [formalljie, Fr.] one who praftifes external rites and ceremonies with great flriftnefs; one who prefers appear- ance to reality j or aftecls to fcem what he is "01. FORMA'LITY, S. ceremonious exaOnefe FOP. T« FORMA'LIZE, V.A.r/..w^/;s:<?r,Fr.] to form, make, or model. "Djth iofirmahxe, unite, and actuate his whole rare." hooker. To afTctt formality j to be fond of cere- mony. FORMA'LLY, Adv. according to cda- blifhed rules, cuftoms, ceremonies, and rites; in a precife manner j with too great afiTeda- tion of ceremony. FORMA'TION, S. [Fr. formatio, Lat.] the aa of formirj-, making, or producing a thing; the manccr in wh'ich a thmg is m-oe. FO/RMATIVE, Adj. r>w^to, Lat. of prize, or make the firft onfet in a battle ; be- fonr.o, Lat.] h:ivi;g the power to make. " By any formative power refiding in the foil." Bent ley, FO'RMER, S. [irom form] one that gives form to a thing; a maker. " Tht foiir.er of our bodies." Ray FO'RMER, Adj. {former, Sax. fnmilji, Goth, firft. Hince former, iindfon!icJ},cQm- tr.unly written /ow«o/2] before in time ; men- tioned before another; part. " Tins was the cuitom xnfcrtner times.'* FO'RMERLY, Adv. in times paft. FO'RMIDABLE, Adj. [Fr. formldjbUh, Lat.j terrible; dreadful; occafioning great fear, or apprehenfion, of trouble and danger ; to be feared. FO'RMIDABLENESS, S. the quality of exciting terror, or the apprehenfion of dangerj the thing exciting tiie pafTion of fear. FO'RMIDABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to excite fear. FO'RMLESS, Adj. fliapelefs, or without any regular form. FOR'MULARY, S. [fomiu'alre, Fr.j a book containing the prefcribed rules, or man- ner of performing any thing. FO'RMULE, S. [Fr. formula, Lat.] a fet rule, or prefcribed form or model. To FO'RNiCATE, V. A. [fornix, Lat.J to Commit lewd actions. ' " A new way 10 fornicate.''^ Brown. Not in common ufe. FORNICA'TION, S. [Ft. firm cat io, LatJ the a£t or incontinence between unmarried prrfonf. Siir.ple fornication is thai which is cnmmitred with a pioltitute, and fuppofed by fume cal'uifts to be the loweft degree of this crime. In Scripture, fornication is ul'ed for idolatry, the compaift iietween God and the Jews, with refpedt to the tlKocracy, being cunfidercd in the light of a marriage contrail. FORNICA'TOR, S. a fingle men who is (guilty of an a£l of incontinence wi-.h an unmarried woman. FORNICATRESS, S. a fingle woman guilty of the crime of incontinence with an unmarried maji. To FORSA'KE, V. A. [prefer, firfo.k, • ^. >...*.. A^i I i , o. (.ciciiiuiiiuu:! cxaccneie part. paff. firf»cik, or forjakci -^ forjacan, part, to excels, or to afTe£lation ; folemn order, ha- \frJoccn, Sax. -verjagen, Teut. vcrjaccan, Bele.J bit, or diefs. In Law, the rules pentriued, or I to leave in releiiimcnt, negledt, or djllikt • trying on any caufe, to break off friendtliip or comiOerte with • .' ^' f 3 le'-v! cuftoms obferved in carrying on iiny FOR »c«ve or go away from; to defert ; or wUhJraw iny kind ofnre.s or aliift^nce from a perliiii to RSAKhR, S. one who quits or liefeii'- in relcntment, (iiflike, or negleiil. FORSOO'TH, Ac.v. [forjui, Sax. of/or. Sax. an expletiv;, zv\dJoth, bzx. true, or truihj in truth : lurc ly 5 certainly. To FORSWEA'R, [pronnuncedycr/wjr^, ^rtlerfore-z-jcre, p^n. fcrjivorn] to renounce, guit, or oeny open oath. Neuteily, to fwcar Jaliely ; to be fuihy of pre;«.ry. FORSWEA'RER, S. '[pronounced far- fivarer] one who Iwears a thir.g Co be tiue, which he knows to be fAi'e. FORT, S. [Vi.forus, Lzt. ftrong] a little cattle or fortrcfs ; a place of fnrull extent, for- tified by ait or nature, or both ; or a work encoinpafied with a moat, rampart, and para- pet, to fecure fome high ground, or piffape. FORTH, Adv. [forih, SdX. whence fur- tbcr, furthft -^ njcord, Beig furt, Teut.j for- ward ; onward, or in adv-nce, apphed to time. Before another, or in advance, applied to place. Abroad or out of doors, joined with the verbs come or go. Out of, or beyond the boundaries of a place. " Wafhed hit father's fortuiiesyir/* of France." Shak, Thoroughly, or from the beeinning to the end. " Hear thi« nrialter forth.^'' Shak. FO'RTHCOMING, Adj. ready to appearj pot abfconding ; not lofi. " See that he be farthcomlrrJ" Shak, FORIHRI'GHT, Adv. ftrait forwards. FORTHWITH, Adv. unrrediately; with- out delay. FOR'TIETH, Adj. [gefmcgoiba. Sax.] the four ten'h ; or that which is next in or- der alter the thiity-ninth. FORTIFl'ABLE, Adj. that which may be rendered /Ircnger by fortifications. FORTlrlCA'TiON, S, [Fr.J an aitihew- ;ng hew to render a place difficult to be taken by an enemy j a place Arengthened with rampartf, (S7c. in order to defend it frem the attacivS of an pnemy. FORTi'FIER, S. one who ereifls works to flrengthen or defend a place ; one who fup- ports, counicnancfs, fecures, or upho'ds. To FORTIFY, V. A. [fortifer, Ft.] to flrengthen a place cgainft attacks, bv walls orwoiksj to cor.firm, encourage, or invigo late ; to eftablun or confirm in a refo.'ution. FO'RTiLAGE, S. a little fort or block- boiTe. FO'RTIN, S. [Fr ] a little fort raifed to defend acamp. " Palifadoesyc-zi/ii." SLai. FO'RTITUTE, S. [Fr./or/.-Wo, Lat.] the aft of undertaking dangerous enierprizes with calmnels and lerenlty, and puriuing;virtuous defgns unfliaken by menaces, or unmoved by difcouragements or tempta'ions ; bodily flrenctb, or force, " jHis own iltPS fir:j- tuJe." Sbai. FO'RTNIGHT, S, [contraftfd fiom/.ftV ticn iiigLiij the fpacc ol iwo weeks. FOR PO'RTRESS, S. [forurtp, Fr.] a rtron hoid, or general /lanie tor ^11 toriified place*^ whf-ther made fo by nature or riy art FOR TU'lTOUS, Adj. [fortuit, Fr. for. tuiiits, hit.\ happening wi hout the ^uidancs or pioduftioB of any ra'ionjl caul'e j acci- dental ; qafua!, or happtijing by chance. FORTU'iTOUSLY, Adv. bv ch-nce. FORTL'UOUSNESS, S. the quality of havir p no apparent caufe. FO'RTUSATE, Adj. [frtuMatui, Lat.] lucky ; hapjy ; fuccefsful. FO RTUNATELY, Adv. fuccefsfully. FO'RTUNATENES.S, S. the quality of gaini.Tg the end of our wi(hes or adf ions. FO'RTUNE, «). fortutia, Lat.j chance j or a power fuppofcd to diftribute the lou of mankind only according to caprice or hu^ mour J the good or i.l which befalls a per- fon ; eftjie, or poiTefiions ; the money which a m;n or woman btin^^s with them on mar-r riage. FO'RTUNED, Adj. happening fuccefs- fully ; fuccefsful. " The full /.y /ttW Cse- f.'r." Hhak, Foretold. FO'RTUNE-HUNTER, S. perfon wha feeks alter women of great portioiib, in order to enrich himl'cif by marrying one. To FO'RTUNETELL, V. N- to pretend to reveal the futuie events of a perl'on's lile. " I'll conjure jou, VWfortur.etdl ■joa.''' ^bak. To reveal future events. FO'RTUNKTELjf.ER, S. one who pre- tends to foretell the events which fliall happen to a perfon. FO'KUM, S. [Lat.] a public place at Rom?, where lawyers and orators roa>;e their fpeeches in mattets cf property, or in criminal caufes. FO'RWARD, Adv. [forward, Sax. or o( fciur 2nd -wairthy Goth. J towards a place ^ ftraight before a perfon j to a place which froms a perfon. FO'RWARD, Acj. warm ; willing or ready to do any thing j prc;r,ature ; or ripe too loon ; prelumptuous j conftcent ; in the fore- parr, oppoled to beh'md. " 'Fake the inliant by the/i>i:Jdrc^ top." ^bak. Quick; hallyj ttlmcft finifhed ; begun ^nd far auvanced. To FO'RWARD, V. A. to promote or cuickc-n a dcfign ; to accelerate, haAen, or ad- ^^ncc in growth or improvement j to encou- rage, countenance, or pationize an uncier- t.ikirg. FO'RWARDER, S. he who quickens, or promotes the performance of a t-Mng. FO'RWARDLY, Adv. eagerly ; haftily ; rafhly ; in a hurrv. FO'R.WaRDNESS, S. eagernefs or readi- nefs to aft ; quicknefs or readinefs to learn j earllnefs, or early ripenel' ; confidence, or left referve and modefty than becomes a perfon's age :ir.d (dignity. FO'R WARDS, Adv. ftraight before ; from a petfon's Ucc Ja a lUai^hc hns or motion. r o u FOSSE, S. [ffi..s, Brit, and Arm. /of (, Fr. foj/'a, Lat.] in Fortification, a ditch or moat. FO'SSIL, Adj. [foj/i/c, Fr. /#ij, Lat. of Joflio, Lat. to dig] dug ftut of the earth. FO'SSIL, S. a body formed undi r the fur- face of the earth j or a body difcovered b)' digging. To FO'STER, V. A. Ifoflrian, S^x. to feed y f'jjior, Sax. food] to nourifti ; to lecd or cherirti with food; to nurfe or bring up a young child j to pamper, encourage, tr^ii) up, or educate ; to chcrifh. or forward. " Yc J J^erirg breezfs-" Th'^injuu. FO'STERAGE, S. the office or employ of nurfing or brHitiog up a young child with proper fnoH. " The charge and fofter/jge ot this child." Raleifrf}. FO'STER-BROTHER, S. [fi/ler-trofher, Sax,] one bred up, or iiurfed by the fame woman. F0*STER-CH1LD, S. [ f^er-dU, Sax.] a child nurfed by a perl'on who is not its parent. FO'STER-DAM, S, a female beaft, who fuckles and brings up the young of another. " The folier-dam, loll'd ouc her fawning tongue." Dryd. FO'STER-DAME, S. a woman who nur- fes or brings up another perfon's child. FO'STER-EARTH, S. earth by which a plant or other vegetable is nourifhed, in which it did not grow at firft. FO'STERER, S. a ntjrfe, or one who brings up a child inilead ot its parent. FO'STER-FATHER, S. [fujier fader, Sax, J one who nurfes, or gives a chilti food inftead of its fathir j the hufband of a child's nurfe. FO'STER-MOTHER, { foprmoder, Sax.] a nurfe \ or woman who brings up the child of another. FO'STER-SON, S. a boy nurfed by a perfon nut h'S parent. FOU'G ADE, S. [Fr.] in War, a little mine in the mnner of a well dug under fome work, or fortification, charged v/ith barrels or facks of gunpowder, in orJer to blow it up, and covert-d with earth, FOUL, Adj. [/:,/, Sax. Mi, Goth. /a«/, Teut. ■vuy!, Belg.J dirty, fiilhy, or coverel with mire, oppoled to fair^ or c/enn. Im- pure, polluted j ufing indelicate, obfcene, or reproachful exprefTions. " Withyb:// m )uth." Soak. Unclean, wicked, or detefiable, in Scrip- ture language. Not lawful or honeft j haie- ful, ugly, loathfome, " I'he yiu/ witch." i'buk, Difgraceiui, fiiameful. "Overthrow and foul defeat." Par. LoJ}, Not bright, clvudy, or temptftuous, applied to weather, Mudity, thick, applied to liquors, Ufed witii Ju!/, rough force, or unfeafonahle violence. Amooi; Seamen, entangled j as, *' a rope it Jou/ ot an anchor." To FOUL, V. A. to daub ; to bemire. F0U'LFACEi3, Adj. having a dirty or i)U iti-^ped eauntenance. F O IT FOU'LLY, Adv. filthily ; naftily. FOU'LNESS, S. the quality which excites in the mind an idea of dirtinefs attended with loathing; pollution; hatefnlnefs ; or atroti- ouinefs of a crime; uglinefs ; or loathfome deformity ; difhoneily. To FOUND, V, A. [fondtr, Fr. fundo, Lat.] to lay the bottom or foundation of any builuiiig ; to eftablifh or ereft ; to give birth or origin to, " He founded an art." To raife upon, as on a principle or ground, applied to (loftrines. To fix firm. " Founud as the rock." Shak. To fet apart or give a fum of money for buiHing or maintaining an hofpi- tal, ('^c. To FOUND, V, A. {fandre, Fr. fundo, Lat.] to caft metals into any particular form. FOUNDATION, S. [fi„datkn, Fr.] the lower pjrts, or thofe which fupport the reft ot a houfe or building ; the aft of laying the bafis or fupport of anything; the original, or rife ; a revenue fettled and eftablifhsd tor nm purpofe, particalar applied to cha- rities. FOU'NDER, S. a builder; one who erexfls an e-lifice, or builds a city ; one who endows, or ellablifhes a revenue for tiie fupport and maintainance of any hofpita!, College, (^e. one who gives rife or origin to any art or ma- nufa(aure; one who forms figures of metal by melting and pouring it into moulds. To FOUNDER, Ve ^. [ fnd,e. Fr,] applied «■, hofCes, to make their feet fore by hard riding or working. Among Mariners, to fink to the bottom. Figutatively, to tnif- carry, FOU'NDERY, S, [>-;imV, Fr.J a place where melted metal is call into various forms, FOU'NDLING, S. [from/a«„^and //Vt, a diminutive termination, figniiying little, ile- rivud from the SaxonJ a dropt child; a child cxpofed bv its parents. FO'UNDRESS, S. a woman who builds, endows, or begins any thing. FOU'NT, or FOU'NTAIN, S. [fon^ ^w.fns, Lit. funtdint, Fr. J a place whe.'e the w.iters ^i a river firiV breaic out of the earth ; a Itnali bafon of fpiiiigini; water ; a jet, or i bjfon which has nn ariirlci.tl fpout of water ; an original; firft ciiife, or firft priuciole. FOU'NTAINLESS, Adj, without a loun- tain or fprini;. '-Barren oefart, fauntjinieji and drv." Milt. FOU'NTFUL, AHj. fulUf fprings, FOUR, Adj. [priinounred fore, formerly fpelt foiur, from fenuer, Sax,j two takea twice, or twire two. FOU/RFOLD, Adj. [feozoerfca!d,SiX.] 3. thins; rcp>;aicd four limes. FOU'RSCORE, Adj. \oi fur inA fconl the nuniber eifchiy. t>o;i-itt,.nies ufed elipli- cally, lor eighty years, wiicn apjilicd to a perlon's age. F I 4 FO'J'il, FOURSQITARE, Adj. having four fide &nd anfcltff ; pTteiftly fqu?.re. FOU'KTEEN, Adj. \ ftcwer/yre, Sax -jiurtar.. Run. fcortar, Ifl.j four and ten, oij tw'ce I'ev.-n, tOURTEE'NTH, Adj. [fioiverieotha, Siix.forL'tyu, Jfl ] the fouith in rank or ordei after rhe tijnth. FOU/RTH, Adj. [/^or/^.<7, Sax.] thefirfi in order after the third. FOU'RTHLY, Adv. in the fourth place. ^ FOWL, S. Ifu.'e, Scot, fugeL Sax. fug/o,, Goth, fugl, Dan. and 1(1. -vog^e/jBelg- i^ogel, Teur.j a winged anim.il ; <■ bird. In con Vtifation, appi.ed to ihe laiter fort of bird?, to diftinguifh thetn from the firaller, which are called birds j but in books ilie term i' applied to all the feathered race. To FOWL, V. A. [f'lgelan, Sax.] toflioot bircf for food or game. FOWLER, S. [ft'geUre, Sax.] i perfon who \'XvAut% or fiioois birds. FOVV'LING-PJECE, S. a JJght, fmalVsun, ttfed for fhouting birds. / FOX, S. fSax. and Ifl. vos, fafitfBz\^^. fvchi, Teur.j a four-footed animal of the dog kind, with a large bulhy-tail, fJiarp ears, oJ a rank or ftrong fmell, remarkable for its ar- tifices, efpecially wheo puriucd, running very fwittly, and preying upon fowls and fmall ani- mals. Figuratively, a fly, cunning, or artful perfon. To FOX, V. A. to cheat, or trick. In Brewing, to give liquor a ftrong difagieeable tafte, generally applied to the cftcfls of hot ^weather ; to make a perfon drunk or fuddled. FO'X CASE, S. a fox's fkin, FO'X-Gi OVES, S, the name of a plant. FRA'CTION, S. [Yr.fraalo, L^t.j the aft of breaking, or violating any oblif ation, ior treaty ; a rent in a piece of cloth, &c. In Arithmetic, a part of an'integer or whole tiumbcr. A compcuTid fraBirn may be more or lefs than an integer, or whole thing, and it always expreffed by two o; more quantities with the word c/" between ihem. FRACTIONAL, Adj. belonging to a fraftion^or broken numbeV. FR.VCTIOUS, Aoj. [Lat.]peevifli5 quar. Velfome. FR AC'TIOUSNESS, S. peevi/hnefs, or a yi'pofition of mind which renders a perfon Untafy At trifles, FR A'CTURE, S. [fraaura, Lat.] a difTo- iLtion, or breakir.^ of the parts of a fchc thine from each other. In Suigery, the breaking or leparation of a bone by fome accidental violence. To FRA'CTURE, V. a. to breck a bone. tRA-'GILE, Adj. ["tt.fragil:,, Lat.J b.il- tV, or eafily broken. Figuratively, weak j V'pte.tain j eufily aeftroyed. " Fnigi/e arms." FRAGI'LITY, S, eafmefs of being bro- ken. Fi^.uiatively, wvaitnefs j Or the qaalitj' ©f beiiJg «af ly ddlroyed. f R A FRA'CMENT, S. [fragmentum, Ljt.^ 4 broken or imperfeft piece, or pait. FRA'OMENTARY, Adj. compofed of fragments, or broken pieces. " What frag- n-.cr.tary, rubbiih this wrjrld is." Donne, Not ^nuc!i in ul'e. FRA'GRANCE, or FRA'GRANCY, S. [ftagrant'ia, Lat.] fweetnefs of fmell ; an agreeable Icent or pleafing odour. FRA'GRANT, Adj. [fragram, Lat.] odorous J fmelling fweet. FRA'GRANTLY,Adv.withafweetrirell. FRAIL, S. [f>ag!i,li3\.'] a ba/ket made .of riilhes j a rufh lor ma.king ba/kets. FRAIL, Adj. [fragi/is, Lat,] weak ; ea- fily (kca)ii!g ; fubjett to faults or foibles ; ea- fiiy dtftroyed ; liable to error or to be :educcd ; weak of refolution. FRA'ILNESS, S. weaknefs, or liablenefs to decay, applied to the tex'ure of bodies, Li- ableneis to error, or fault applied to the niinj. FRA'ILTY, S: f/ra,//;«, plural] ue»k- nefs of refolutioa j infirmity ; liablenefs to decay ; liablcntfsto be deceived or todu amils; a fault proceeding from the weaknefs and in- .'irm;iy of ourreafon, and the condition of our nature. * FRAICHEU'R, S, [Fr.] fre/hnefs ; re- frefhing coolnefs. «' To tafte the /raict.-ur or the pure air." DiyJ, To FRAME, V, A, [fremman, Sax.] to (hr:pe or form things fo that they may match each other, or be eafiiy put together ; to re- gulate J to adjuft ; to form to any rule ; to compofe by means of the imagination ; to. plan i to ijjvent, in a bad ktie. <' To frutrs a tlory or lye," FRAME, S. any thing formed of various parts or members 5 the fupports of a chair; any thing made fo as to inclofe, admit, or hoM together fomething elfe ; order; regulaiiiy ; methodical difpofition of parts. " Still a repaiiing, ever out oi frame." Shak. Shai.t- j contrivance ; prcjefliun ; fcheme, or plan. FRA'iVJER, S. a maker ; a contriver ; one who compofes or makes a thing confifling of various parts. FRA'MPGLD, or FRAMPUL, .Ad . pec V:fh ; crofs-grained ; quarrelfome, '■ Si e leads a very /r^w/)oW life with him." Sbuk. "The frampul miti could not be pacified," Haciet. FRANCE, S, Gallia in general, a large kii;gdom of Europe, very advantageonflyutu..!- ed in the middle of the temperate zoi.o. It owes its preient name of France t'l the Franks, wlio came from Germany into Ga';l, the latter fo called from the Gaili or C'I'.a;, who in the fifth century pofleded themfelves of this country from the Rhine to the moulh of the Loire. France at prefe-it lies between lat. 43 and 51 deg, N, The Royal Academy make it 31 deg. of longitude, na.-ncly, frcnn the txtiemity of- Britany near Ulhaut, th.t is, from Conqiict, which lies five degrees W.. 'of ^R A c* London, to Strasburgh in Alface, which is about eii;iit ae^rtres E. of Lojidon. So th is length from the Pyrenean mountains in the S. to Dunkirk in the N. is^ eight degrees and a half, or 170 leagues, i.e. 510 miJes, reckoning fixty miies to a degree ot longitude: and in breadth, tVom the uttermolt point in Br'r.Uny to Strasburgh above-mentioned, about a.95 miles : but its breadth decreafes confi - derably going trcm Breft to the S. and N. On the It. it is feparated frorrt England by the Briiifh channel ) on the N. E. it confines on the Spanish, now Auflrian Netherlands ; on the E. it is bounded by Germany, Switzer- land, Savoy, and Piedmont, in Italy j from the laft of which it is feparated by the Alps j on the S. it has the Mediteranncan fea, and alfo the Pyrencn mouritains, which divicie :: from Spa-n ; and on the W. it is wa/lied by the Weftern or Atlantic ocean. 'Thi? is a very plt-afant country, through which run fe- y»ral fine rivers' that render it very fruitful. The principal of thefe, which are alfo navi- gabl-:, are the Seine, the Loire, the Garon- ne, and the Rhone, &c. It abounds in corn, fruit, wine, oil, cattle, tame and wild fowl, hemp, and flax. The fea-coafls yield abun- - dance of fifli, and fa!tfufiicient for fiiem ard the'r neighbours, principally made at the ifle of Rl;e, Rochfort, and thb coaft of Saintonge, Here are likewife mines of lead, iron and copper, and fome of gold and filver ; but thefc Jad are not worked. The principal cjmmo- ditifj which France exports are wine, bundy. fine and other linen, canvas, pap^'r. fjit, wrought filks, drugget?, and other ftniTs ; fe- v-.ral urought go-jds, as gloves, laces of all kind', &c. The ancient language of the Gauls was the fame with that of our ancient Britons : Ths prefent language is voluble, and vrrV much r-fined by t!)e royl Acideiny snd the modern French writers. The num- ber of inhatiitjnts in France was formerly reckoned at 19,000,000 : but being greatly diminifheJ thro' perfecution for religion, the ravages of war, &c. it hardly rifes now to 15,000,000. Their manufactures are cor.fi- derablc, and their foreign trade alfo, France was divided, not many ages ago, into twelve P'oviiiCps, svlth a parliament to each, with- out whofe coofent no law for levying of mo- ney could pafs, till the cardinil Richlieu and h'n-iann, fucceiTors to each other in the mi- niiirjr, made tne kings of France abfolute. The religion of this country publicly tole- rsred [ A nee the revocation of the edft of Nsntz for the Calvinllis or Reforms-", in 16S3J is the Roman Cath lie : but theyleem lei's c'cvoted to thc-pope than o;her nation^ of that comm'inion. With regard to the ecclefiaf.ical government of France, it is di- vided into eighteen archblflioprics ; namely, Lyons, primate of Giul; Sens alfo flilcs him.'cif pri;Tijte of the Gauh j Paris. Rheims, Rouen, Tours Ucurge^, Alby, Bjurdeaux, 6 F il A Aiich, Touloufe, Narbonne, Aries, A.w it* Provence, Vienne in D.uphiny, Ambrun, tSclanson, and Cambray,befiof s 109 biihoprics, tneir refpedivcs fufFraga.,ts, fixteen he.dsof rehgiouj orders, with a.i infinite number of monks and nufiS, &c. all of them together conftituf.ng the mofl confiderable of the three oiders into which the French nation is di- vided. FRA'NCHISE, S. [Fr.] exemption, orex- cu!e from any burthenfomi outy ; a privilege, or immunity ; a diftridl, or the extent of j^u- nldirtion. Fiancbije Rcyak, in Law, a pike* where the kind's writ runs not. To FRA'NCHISE, V. A. t« make orkeei* free. FRA'NGIBLE,Ac!j.biittle 3 eafily broken, FR.'iNiC, Adj. [fra-,c, fr.J liberal; gene- rous, oppoleJ to ,i!^ga!yily. Open and free, oppolecj to referred. Wimout reftraint or conditions. FRANK, S. a place to feed hogs in ; a fty, fo called from the proluiioii of food ; a cafe of a- letter figntd by a member of parliament. To FRANK, V. N, to /hut up in a fty. In Commerce, to exempt letters from paying poftage, a privilege given every member of pailiameat, who figns the iuperfcnption with his own name. FRA'NKINCENSE, S, a dry refinous, inflammable lubftance, in pieces or drops, of a pale yeliowifh or white colour, a flrong but not oli'snlive fmell, and a bitter, acrid, and refinous tafte : ufed in medicine in difordera of the bread, and in diarrh^sjs, or dyfentcvies. FKA'NKLV, Adv. geheroully; freely j witliout cooftraint or rcferve. FRA'NKNESS, S. plainefs ; opennefs or ingenuoufneis of fpeech, cppofed to rehrve. Liberality, or bounteoufnefs, applied to giving. FRANK'PLEDGE, S. [from franc, Fr. tree, and fklgi, a bail O*. furetyj a pledge or furety for a tieeman, FRA'NTIC, Adj. [corrupted fioni ^bren- tic, ot <f>fEV);1ix(g>j, Gr. j mad ; deprived of the ufe of u/.deidanding bymidnefs. Figuratively iraiifported by an outrageous violence of paf- fion. FRA'NTiCLY, or FRANTICKLY, Adv. madly ; like one who has loft the ufe of his leafon, FRA'NTICNESS,orFRA'NTICKNESS, S. madnefs. Figuratively, outragcoufnefs of paffion. FRA'TERNAL, Ai].[fraUrnel, Fr. of fialernus Lat.J brotherly ; pertaining to, or beco-Tiing, brother?. FRATE'RNALLY, Adv. brotherly ; like brothers. FRATE/RNITY, S. {fraUmUe, ?t fr,a- itrnlttis, Lit. j the ftjte or quality of a br(r- rher ; a body of msn united or incorporated. FRATRICIDE, S. [ Fr. fratrkldium. La'.] th<: murder of a brother. FRAUD, S. [ fraude, Fr. fraus fraudh, Lat.J F R E Lat.J the pra£lice of deceit in order to deprive ' another of his property ; the aft of impofing en a pcrfon by artrul appearance j a flratagetn. Bitihwe, or irick. FRaU'DFUL, Adj, treacherous; deceit, ful i tncl^illa • fubile. " He lull oifraui^fu! »ris." D'yd. FH AU'DULENCE,or FR AU'DULENCY, S. [fi-audultKtta, Lat.J deceitfulnefs ; prone- Bcfs to arufjce and dilhoneft pra&ices. FRAU'DULENT, Adj. [frauduUux, Fr. Jj-ttudukr.tuiy Lat.] tull of artihce ; diihoneft ; indiiedt ; iiripofint; on by fpecious and falle pretences j treacherous. FRAU'DULtNTLY, Adv. Jn a deceitful, trjckifh, and oi.'honeft manner. FRAUGHT,Participleot Freight; fullj loaded. " A vclfel xvM'^ fraught ^ Hbak. FRAIPGHT, S. a freight, or cargo. " A ioubly roy,)iy"<dii^Z)/," Dryd. To FRAUGHT, V. A. to freight, ioad, cr croud. " Thou fraught the court — with thy unworthi(;efs." ^huk. FRAY, S. a battle j a broil ; a fight ; a duel. To FRAY, V. A. [ effrayer, Fr.] to fright or terrify ; to rub, or wear out by rubbing, from frayer, Fr. FREAK, [frtsc, Sax. fugitive, whence fraclice, dangerous, znifracsderfii, a danger, frtck, Teut. faucy, petulant] a fudden and whimficai thange of place ; a whim, or a ca- pricious, trilling, and mad prank or adtion, FRE'aKISHLY, Adv. in a wanton, hu- morous, capricious, or whimf;cal manner, FRE'AKISHNESS, S. capricioufnefs, or a madnefs or boyifli wantonnefs of behaviour. FRE'CKLE, S. [fngne, Dan.f/eckur, Ifl. JTtcaeJ, old Eng. hewce. feckle, ot freck'c'] a I'pot raifed in the fkin by the hejt of the fun's tjys ; any fmall Ipot or difcolouring, FRECKLED, Aoj. having f(.ots on the Ikln, occafioned by the heat of the fun ; fpotted. FREE, Aaj. [feuh, fno. Sax. fni, Dan. vr'ii, Belg. frey, 1 cut. J at liberty, under no conllraint, llavery, impiilonmeni, or necef- fiiy ; open ; ingenuous ; exprelTing one's An- timents without refcrve ; (lenerous, or libe- ral ; voluntary. '■ His _//£<; ofiers." Bac. Guiltlefs ; innocent. " Make mad thc^ guilty, and appal vhefrft." Sbai. Exempt, uied with from or <f. Invefted with privi- leges J pollcfTirjg anv thing without va/lahge; admitted to the privileges of a corporation. *' A fretman^'' Sbak. Without charge : hence a fret-jchool, i. t. a fthool where chil- dren are (aught without cxperite or charge to their parents. To 1-RfcE, V. A. to fet at liberty, or de- liter from llavery ; lo exempt. FREEBOO'TER, S. a robber, pillager, or plunderer. FREEBOO'TING, S. a robbery ; plun- dering j the adl of pillaging. F R E FREE'SORN, Adj. born under a free go- verrment, oppoied to af^'vt. FREE'-CH.^rEI. S. a chapel founded by a liing. or one exempted by him from the jurifdiftion of the ordinary. FREE'COST, S. freedom from expence. FRLE'DOM, S. an exemption from lla- very or re-^raiiit ; independence ; a ftate wherein a perfon has a power of acting as he pleafds j ihe privilrge of a corporation ; *ran- cliifcs. Eafe or facility, applied to motion, adlion, or fpeaking. FREE'-FOOTED, Adj. without fetters, or any thing to hinder a pcrlon in v/alking. FREE-HEARTED, Adj. liberal ; gene- rous; giving money in large quantities j un- conllraineil ; voluntary. FREE-HOLD, S. a free eftate which a man holdeth in fee, or fee-tail, or for term of life. FREE'HOLDER, S. one who has a free- hold. FREE'LY, Adv. at libejty ; without re- ftraint, dependance, relerve, fcruple, com- pulfion or neceflity ; liberally. FREE'MAN, S. one who is neither a flave or vaflal Lo another ; a member of a commu- nity or corporation, entitled to, and enjoying its privileges. FREE'-MINDED, Adj. having a mind not burthencd with care, or depreffed with forrow. FREE'NESS, S. veid of conflraint, or im- pediment ; opennefs of behaviour ; genero- lity, or liberality. FREE'-SCHOOL, S. a fchool wherein children are taught without expence to their parents, or relations. See FREE. FREE'- SPOKEN, Adj. accuftomed to fpeak without rclctve. FREE'STONE, S. a kind of flone com- monly uled in builjing, and lo called, becaufe it ir.ay be wrought or cut eafily or ireely in any direction. FREETHINKER, S. a perfon who is rot biali'ed by any prejudice: a term too impro- perly allumed, and given only to thofe per- fons who deny Revelation, or the Chriflian relijiion. IREE'VVILL, S. the power of direding our own atlions ; volumannefs. FREEwO'MAN. S. a woman born and livii g under a free government. To FREEZE, V. N. [pretcr/v-x? ; fys^ Ifl. ^r&. fiatii, fryjon. Sax. a/iujcti, Bclg, fneren, Teut. J to grow hard by excels of cold j to be of that degiee of cold by which water congeals. Aftively, the particijde '\sfroxen or froze ; to harden Dy cold ; to chill by lols of power or mo'.ion. To FREl'GHT, V. A. [prefer freighud, part, fiaught, but being ufed as an jdjeitive, freighitd is fubflituted for i: ; frachtcn, Teut. ■vraJAen, Lt\^. fritter, Fr.j tu fut goods or a car&a F R E cargo on toard a fhip ; to load as the burthen, *r the Cargo within a vefTcil. FREIGHT, S. any thing with which a fhip is loaded ; the money paid for the carri- i^e of goods in a fliip or veflel. FRENCH. Adj. lfra?ic, ¥1. franco, Ital.] belonging to France. Ufed eiliptically for the lanjuigs 'prken by the inhabitants of France. To FRENCHl'f y, V. A. to infe£l with the pronunciation or airs o( a Frenchman ; generally ufcd in a cor.teniptuou; fenfe, and in- cluding the idea of affsiled ceremonlouinefs, and excels of politeneis. FRENE'TIC, Adj. [fnneti^ue,?!.] See PHREN'-.TIC. - FREN'ZY, S. l<^tKris, Gr.] madnefs ; the lofs of re?l'on attended with raving j any outrageous paffion bordering on, and reftrri- bling madneis. FRE'QUENCE, S. [Fr. frejver.tia, Lat.J a concourfe, crowd, or afl'embJy.' Seldo.nn ufei). *« He, in full frequence bright — of angels." Far Loft. FRE'QUENCY, S, \Yx. f>equent\a, Lat.] the condition of a thing oft^n done or feen ; a crouded airembly, " Who of futh a fre- quercy faluted thee ?" Johrjon. FRE'QUENT, Adj. [Fr. frequem, Lat.] often done, feen, occuring, or praclifing. ToFREQUZ'NT, V. A. \_frequevter,Yx. Jrequcnto, Lat.] to vifit often j to be Oi'ten in any pUce. FREQUE'NTER, S. one who reforts often to a place. FRE'QUENTLY, Adv. often ; comtnonly. FRES'CO, S. '[ItaJ.J coohiefs; Owdc ; duflcinefs. In Painting, a picture painted with water colours on frefh pl.i.iler, FRESH, Adj. [f,a:che, Fr.] cool ; not ftagnating. Not four, or va;)id, applied to li- quors. Lately or newly produced or made j not fait ; not Indcd ; vigorous ; ruddy of coun- tenance. Bf'fk, applied to a gale of wind. Sweet, oppoled to itioking. FRsr.SH, S. water that is without fait. *• Where the quicky^ey2)« are." iibak. To FRE'SHEN, V. A. to recover a thing which is grown ftale j 10 cherilh or revive. Neutcily, to blow flron^ly. " A frejhening breeze." Pope, To free from its falls, FRE'SHLY, Adv. cooly ; newly j with a ruddy countenance. FRE'SHNESS, S. newnefs ; umbated vi- gour. Spirit, or !)rifknels, applied to liquors. 1 reedom from tatijiue ; coolncfs ; ruddincfa 5 Ireedom from ftltne's. ¥?.'lT, S, \f,,:um, Lat.] a frith, or ftreight of th« (<ti ; any fetmentacion or agi- tation of liquois. Li Mufic, a itop to re- gulate the vibrations cf the firings. Anxiety of mind } peevifhnefb or commotion of the temper. In Architedture, worli rifing ii protuberances or relief. In Heraldry, a bear 5ng confifting of fix bars, crofled and in.cr- 1 pcrfoii. lated. ' * rPv I To FRET, V. A. to wear by rubbing a* gainft J to move vidlently ; to corrode or eat away ; to form into raifed work or relievo ; to vex or make angry ; to be grieved or uneafy j to ferment. FRET'FUL, Adj. peevi/h. FRET'i-ULLY, Adv. in a peevifli man- ner. FRET'FULNESS, S, peevilhnefs. Fl'.ET'TY, Adj. adorned with ra;fe4 work. FRIARI'LITY, S. [from /r.vi.'e, a capa- city of being reduced tp powder. FRI'ABLE, Adj. [Fr. frlJUh, Lat.] eafily crumbled, or reduced to powder. FRI'aR, [a corruption oi fnre, Fr.] a brother of fome regular order ; a religious ia the Roman Catholic countries. FRI'ARLY, Acj. like a friar. FRI'ARY, S. a convent of friars. FRIB'BLE, or FRIB'BLER, S. an eifeml- nate coxcomb. FRICASSE'E, S. a difh confiding of meat cut in:o fmall pieces and fried. FRICATION, S. Ste FRICTION. FRiC^TiON, S. Ifrirtw, Lac] the aft of rub ling two things together 3 the refift- ance caiilcd in machines, by the rubbing of one part againvl another. FRI'DaY, S. [/rj^eAiB', Sax. fuppofed to be the Venusof the ancient Saxons] thefixth dav of the week. FRI'END, S. one who is joined to another in mutu.,1 benevolenceand intimacy, oppofed to an enemy. To FR'IEND, V, A. to fhew favour to- wards a perfon or undertaking ; to counten- ance, encourage, or fupport. FRIE'NDLESS, Adj. [firondUaJe, Sax.] having no friends ; without hopes, affiftancc, or countenance. FRIE'NDLINESS, S. a difpofition towardi friendftiip ; the exertion of benevolence, or performance of kind offices. FRIE'NDLY, Adj. kind; difpofed to do a6ts of kind net's and afteftion ; having the temper and difpofition of a fr'.end. FRIE'NDLY, Adv. in a kind, affeaionate, and benevolent manner. FRIE'NDSKIP, S. the Hate of minds united together by mutual benevolence ; the highert decree of intimacy ; favour or petfonal kindnefs. FRIEZE, S. [,!ra/> de frkze, Fr. frifa. Span.] a coarle waim cloth, maae, perhaps, originally in Friefiand. In Architecture, a large flat rnembrT, which feparales the archi- trave Irom the cornice. FRPGATE, S. [fresnte, Fr. fregatj. Pal.] a fmall man of war. To FRIGHT, V. A. \fr]ghtcin, Sax./ryf- ter, Dan.] to dilturb, fhock, or daunt with fear ; to raife appiehciifioi.s of danger in 4 FRIGHT, F R 1 rklCHT, S. a fudden emotion caufed by' an rpprcherfion of danger. ToFIirCHTEN, V. A. to (T:ock or di- florb wi:h an apprehenfion of danger. FRI'dlTt UL, Adj. caufing fear j excit- ing terror. FRl'GHTFULLY, Adv. in furh a man- -Ber as to difturb with an apprehenfion of danger. FRl'GHTFULNESS, S. the quality of daunting with an appiehenfion of danger. FRI'GID, Adj. [frigidu!, Lat. ] cold, wanting zeal, or warmth of affection; dull ; impotent. FRiGI'DIT'Y, S. {fr'igiiiitas, Lat.] cold »efs j or want of warinch ; dulnefs, or want. of the embeUiflin-'tnts ot rhetoric, or the war.Tith o' imagination, FRI'GIDLY, Adv. in a cold, dull, indif- ferent, or unaffefting manner. FRI'GIDNESS, S. coidnefs ; dulnefs j want uf afrsJtion. FRIGORKFIC, Adj. [frigor, and/jdo, Lat. Caufing cold. FRILL, S. a narrow border of lace, cam- brick, or other linen, fewed on the neck of a woman'^s fhift, oi t^n the bofom and flils ot the fleeves of a man's fhirt. FRINGE, S. [frangs, Fr.] an ornament confiding of threads, which are faftcncd at one end by weaving, but hang down lo;)fe at the other. To FRINGE, V. A. to adorn with fiin- pe9 i to unravel any woven Huff, fo as to re- lemHle i frinse. FRLPTEkER,S. [f-'tpp'ter, Fr.Jonewho deals in old things vamped up. FRIP'PERY, S. {frifpe.ie, Fr. f.ippcria, Ital.J the place where oid cioaths or other le- cond-hand goods are fold ; old cioaths j cafl dreffts ; tattered rag5, or other lumber. To FRISK, V. N. \ fri&X^' e,\li\. frifque, Fr.J to leap or fkip about with nimblencis j to dance in a wanton or gay manntr. FRISK, S. a frolic j a fit of wanton gaiety, FRISK'ER, S. a wanton, or frolickfome perfon ; one too gay to be coodant or fettled. FRISKI'NESS, S, gjiety 5 livelinefs : a low word. FjRIT, S. among Chemifts, afhes or fdit bilked or fried together with fand. FRITH, S. [/'Wfi-, Brit.] a ftreight of the fca ; a net. FRITIL'LARY, S, [/Wri&iV, Fr,] in Bo- tany, the name of a pl..nt. In Natural Hif- tory, the name of a moth, which feeds on the ohnt of the fame name. FRI'TINANCY, S, [fiifinnio, low Lat,] the fcream or fcreaking of an infedl. applied to that of the cricket or grafshupper. " The DO'e or fritinaiicy theieof." Eroton. FRITTER, S. [fnture. Fr.J a final) pancake, or piece fried. Figur»tiv> ly, a frag- ment or ftnull piece j a chcefccake or wigg. -FRO To FRIT/TER, V. A. to cut treat Int» fmall pieics to be fried } to break into fmail pitces or fragments, FRI'VOLOUS, Adj. [fri-voJus, Lat. fri- fok, Fr.J trifling j of no importance or mo- ment, FRIVO'LOUSNESS, S. wantof weight or importance. To FRIZZLE, V. A. [fr}fer,Tr.'] to turn hair in ftiort or fniall rings like the wool on a lamb'i head, or the nap of frieze. " Wiih f,!xzrr^ hair." Par. Loji. FRIZ'ZLER, S. one who drefTes hair in (hort curls. FROCK, S. [froc, Fr.] a clofe and un- trimmed coat for men ; a clofe gown worn by children, FROG, S, [foe, frofcb, Teut.] a fmall animal, with four feet, living both on land and in wat»r, FROISE, S, Ifroiffer, Fr.] a pancake with bacon fried in it. FRO'LICK, Adj. [iiroJkk, Be\^. /,oIich, Teut. of fioh, Eelg,] joyfulj gay 5 full of levity or wanton pranks, FRO'LICK, "S. a fally of gaiety and lev- ity. To FRO'LICK, V. N, to divert one's fclf with fallies of glicty j to play wild, wanton, and merry pranks. FRO'LICKSOME, Adj. full of wild gaiety. FRO'LICKSOMENESS, S. wildncfs of gairty ; wanton gaisty ; pranks. FROM, Prep. [from. Goth. Sax. and Scot. fra, Dan, j away ; out 'of, noting place. Separation, applied to abfence, dift.ince, or deliverance. Since, applied to time. Con- traiy, or foreign, applied to relation. " Trcm the purpofe," Sbak, Removal or motion. " Thr\ci f I o)n the ground flie leaped." Dryd. It is frequently joined by an eliipfis with .id- verbs, as, from a'^ofe, i. e. from the part .ibnve J from behiu \fiotn htneath ; fom te-r hind ; fom fur ; fcj.t height ; fom where ; from 'zvithont.Whe.n joinei iolhence or "whence, it is fup'rflucus. And it is fometimts followed by the fubfequent prepofitions with their pro- per caff?, w'lz. frcm amidj'l,beyo!id, forth, cff,outf out cf. under, and tuiihin. FRONT, S, [proi)ounced//u>i?;/'-o«f, Fr. fions,fon!h, Lat.j the forepart of the face, or fotehcad. Figuratively, the face, countenance, or look ; the part or pi.^ce oppofite to the face; the forepart ; the vn of an army ; the moft confpicuous part ; the bef.!nning. To FRONT, V, A, to oppcfe dire^ly, or face to face j to (land oppofite or over-againlt awv pLce or thing ; to covt-r the forepart of a building with any materials, ''The hi^ufe tin fronted with ftone," Neutetly, to ftand fo'emi ft. FRO'NTAL, [Fr,] an ornament worn on the fiirthead. In Architedure, a imaii pediment over a lililc door. ^ FRON- FRO FRONTATED, Adj. [frons, Lat.] in Bo- tany, applied to a petal which grows broader and broader, and fotnstimes termiiwtes lii a : ;ght line. FRO'NTlltR, S. [frontii'-e, Fr.] the rnarche, utmoft limits, or .boundaiies of a country, by which it is feparated from the next adjoinino one. FRO'N riER, Adj. bordering ; adj cent. " Where rifing feats infuk the front'ur 'ounds." j4iUif. FRO'NTISPi'ECE, S. [f,ontifphce, Fr.] that part of a building or oti,cr thing which diieftly meets the eye j a cut or pitSure front- ing the title papa of a book. FRCNTLESS, Adj. without blufhes, ftame, or diffidence. FRO'NTLET, S. a bandage worn oh the forehead. FRORE, Adj. [hir-vcren, Belg.] frozen *• The parching air — burns frore, and colj performs the effedt of fire." P-ir, Loft. Not in ufe. FROST, S. [frofl, Sax. in. and Dan. of fryjan, Sax. ana frySy Ifl. to freeze, ^'n^/?, Bdg./'-c/?;^-, Teut.J an exceffive cold ftate of the weather whereby the motion and fluidity of liquors are fufpended ; or that ftate of the air wherebv fluids are converted into ice. FROSTBI'TTEN, Adj. nipped or wither- ed by f.-oft. FRO'STED, Adj. laid on, or appearing in inequah'ties, lik^; thofe of hoar-froft on plants. FRO'STILY, Adv. after the manner of frofi: ; with exceffive cold. Figuritively, with ind fference or coldnefs of affeftion. ' ' Then praife hfmjiih" Ben. yonfin. FRC'STINESS, S. the''quality of appear- ing like ;roft ; cold, or freezing cold. FRO/STY, Adj. having the power of freezing; exceffive cold. Fip (irativeiy, indif- ference, or without warmth of afiedlion, " A froflcd fpirited ropue." Shak. Hoary j grey- headed ; refem bling froft in colour. " The frofly head." Shak. FROTH, S. \frre, Dan. and Swed./rdai^, Djn. of Frtur, Dan. to frcthl ihc whit': bubbles raifed on the top of f' r nenting liquor; an empty or fenfclefs difplay of wit j wanting fol'dity. To- FROTH, V. N. to be covered with light andwhitifh bubbles, applied to ferment- ing liquor ; to make liquors appear with a wiiitifh head or furfjce. FRO'THILY, Adv. having a white head or Surface, applied to liquors. Figuratively, in an empty, vain, and trifling manner. FROTHY, Adj. full of faam, or having its furface covered wiih white bulibles ; foft, "Their bodi. s are fo folid — you need not fear bathing (hoi, Id make them/ro.'ty." Bac. Vain, oftentatiou?, and emp'y. To FROUNCE, V. A. fpcrbaps from Jl>urce} to ffi?zle, or cttrl the hjir atouc ihe F R ^T <f»ce. " Not trick'd and frounced as (he w** 'wont." MUton. FROU'SY, Adj. [a cant word] ditnj mufty ; of a nafty and difagreeable f-ent. FRO'VVARD, Adj. [from-weard, Sax,] peevilh 5 freifnl ; crofs j ungovernable j not t-afiiy pleafed ; perverfe. FRO'WARD, Adv. peevlfhly j perverfcly. FROW'ER, S. a cleaving to'>l " A/row- er of iron for cleaving of lath." Tujf. ^ To FROWN, V. A. [frsgncr, otfronftr, Fr. according to Skinner] to exprefs difplea- iure by contrarting the forehead in'.o wrin- kles ; to look ftern. FROWN, S. a look wherein a p rfon knits his eye-brows, and contradts his ioishead into wrinkles, in token of difpleafure. FROW'NINGLY, Adv. See [FROWN] in a ftern manner j with a lock of difplea- fure. F. R. S. an abbreviarure for Felloio of the Roya! Society. To FR.UCT1/FY, V. A. [fn,f?ifer, Fr.] to make I'rtiirtuI 5 to caufe or enable to pro- duce fruit. Neuterly, to bear fruit. FRUCTI'FIpATION, S. thea^ofcauf- ing, or of bearing fruit J the act of taking away barrennefs j the power of producing fruit. FRUCTU'OUS, Adj. [fruffueux, Fr,] making fruitful^ enabling to pioduce. FRU'GAL, Adj. [Fr. fr^^galh, Lat.] thrifty j fpannj; not fpending in a prodigal manner ; not \avi{h, FRUGA'LLY, Adv. in a fparing or par- lit:ionioi;s manner. FRUGAXITY, S. [frufra'it/, Fr.frugaK- tas, Lat. J the virtus of keeping due bounds in expenc-^ ; good lufbindry ; purfimony, FRUIT, S. [fu.^us, Lat.J the produce of a tree or plant which includes the fce.1, or that part of either whichis CMen for food ; a con- fequence of an effifl. " The f,uit of the fp'rit." E!s;. v. g. The offspring or young of an animal ; an advantage gained by any un- devraki g. FRUTTAGE, S. [Fr.] fruit, or various produfls of difteicnt vegetables. " The trees — sn^hrnhalfruifa^e bear." Par, Lafl. FRUITUEA'RKR, S, in Gardening, a tree wh^ch produces fruit, oppofej to iiirri/t. FRU'ITERER, S. {fruhUr, Fr.J one who trades in, or buv.s and fell<;, fruit. FRUI'TERY, S. lfyu\une\ a frait loft, or place where fruit is kept. FRUITFUL, Adj. fertile j lo.ided with fruit. Bearing children, applied to women. Gearing youig, nppli.-^d to beaC.s. FRU'ITFULNESS, S. fertility ; the aft or quality of producins? in abundance. FRUJ'TION, S. {fruHui. oifruor, Lat.] the art of enjoying, or polTcffi.-.j j the plea- fun; given by ailuai pjiltjlTion anJ ufe. I FRUIT- FU L FRU'ITLESS, Adj. barren. Figuratively, Tain ; produilive of ne advantage. FRU'iTLESSLY, Adv. in an unprofitable manner. FRU'IT-TREE, S. a tree which bears, and is chiefly valued for its fruit. FRU'MEN TY,S. [f,:o?!er,i„m, Lat. corn] a food or pottage made of wheat and raifin; boiled in milk. To FRU'STRATE, V. A. [frujiratus, "Lzx.. f niftier, Yx.^ to defeat^ to dil'appoint ; to render an undertaking or defign of no cf- it&. \ to make null or void. '' To frujlrete the efhcacv of it," yltterh. FRU'STRATE, Pa.t. [fuflraiuu La'.] vain } inefTeClual 5 iinpiofi tabic j null j de- feated ; void. FRUSTRA'TION, S. difappointment ; the a£l of rendering an unJeruklng of no cfieft J defeat. " Smites their moft refiner! policies with fruf.raihmS'' ^iutb. Seldom ufed. FRU'STUM, S. [L^t.] in Mathematics. a piece cut off from a regular figure. Fruflum cf a pyramid, or cone, is apart cut off, ufuallv, by a plane parallel to the bafe. ^ FRY, S. \ fray, Fr. fra, orfraade, Dan.] the young fifh jufl produced. To FRY, V. A. [frire, Fr. fr;go, Lat.] to drefs meat in an iron or copper pjn over a fire. Figuratively, to be troubled with excefs of hear. FRY, S. [from the verb] adilh of meat or fifh fried, or defigned to be fried. To FU'DDLE. V. A. fof uncertainetymo- logy] to intoxicate with liquors ; to make a perfon drunk. FUGA'CIOUSNESS, S. [fogax, Lat.] vohtility ; or the quality of evaporating and fiving away. 'FUGA'CITY, S. [fugax,hnt.] volatili- ty; the aft and quality of evaporating, flying away, or fading ; uncertainty ; inflability. FU'GITIVE, Adj. IfogiilvuuLat.fugi- tif, Fr.] one who runs from, or deferts his Ifation or duty ; one who runs away from punifhment, and fhelters himfelf in another country. FU'GITIVENESS, S. volatility ; the quality of evaporating j inftability j uncer- tainty. FU'GUE, S. [Fr. fromfuga, Lat. a flight] in Mufic, a Hight, and is when th"; different • parts of a compolition follow eich other, each repeating what the firfl had performed. £)s«- tle figue, is when two points, move together in a tugue ; and counter fugue, when they move contrary. ToFULFI'L, V. A. [..r/x'/and ///] to accomplifh, anfwer, or confirm any prophecy, by performing what is foretold ; to anfwer any purpofe cr defign ; to perfcrm exaflly ; te ar)fwer or graii'v any defire by compliance. FULFRAU/GHT, A<ij. fully or pie ui fully ftoreJ j opulent j no Woys Jefedlivs. F L IT " To mark K\\t f ul fraught man, the bcA eft* du*d — with feme lufpicion." iihak. FU'LGENT, Adj. Ifuhcr.,, Lat.] (hinlngj dazzling; exceffively bright. FU'LQID, Adj. [fulg\dui, Lat] fhining glittering'. FU'LGOR, or FU'LGOUR, S. {fulgor^ Lat] a dazrling brightnefs, "Such an in- tellecluaiy>//^or." More. FULI'GINOUS, A^j. [fuligweux, fulhU \iufe, Fr. ful'gwofus, Lat.J footy ; fmoky. FU'LIMART, S. [of/«/, Sax./5«/, and mart, Fr.] a kind of flinking ferret! " The iicliet, (he fuiitna't, and the ferret." IVott'^n FULL, Adj. [S^x. ano Ttut. fills, Goth J fuilur. 111.] without any void f,>acc ; not ca* pable of Containing more; abounding in any quality, whether good or had. Plump or fat, .;ppl ed to fize. " A gentleman of/a// body." JVijcm. Complete, or wanting nothing to complete it. Having every part of its furfaco illuminated, applied to the rnoon. FULL, S. freedom frorci defedl j the hiehefl ftate cr degree. " At /«// of tide." Sh.ik, The whole, ufed with at." This is ihe news at full." ^kak. The ftate of be.ng able (» contain no more. To FULL, V. A. {fulla, Lat.] to deanfc cloth from its oi! and greafe. FU'LL.4.G£, S. the money paid for fulling cloth. FULL'- BLOWN, Adj. per.''eaiy blovrn. Stretched to is utn-o.1 exte.it by wind, FULL-BOT'TOMED, A.^j. having a large or broad bottom. FUL'LER, S. one whodeanfes and drelTef, FULL E.VRED, Avij. having the heads lull, fwsliing, or loaded with grains. FULL-EY'ED, Adj. having large and pro- minent e}e3. FULL-FED, Part, fated j not able to eat any longer. FULL-LADEN, Part, laden with fo much, that it cannot bear any more. FU'LLING-MILL.S. a mill wherein cloth is cleanfed fiom its greafe and oil, when tir.l taken Irom the loom. FULL-SPREAD, Adj. fpread toits utrao!^ extent. FULLY Adv. without any empty fpace, dcfeil, or lack ; completely. FUL'MINANT, Part. (Fr. o( fulirinTrs, Lar,Jthiinderinpim?king a noife like .hunder. To FULMIN A'TC, V.N. | Fr.fulirJrat-.ti, Lat. of fulmiro, \.2X, fulair.'r, Fr.j to thun- der ; to make a Icuj nuife or explofion lik: thunder. Figuratively, to denounce threaten- inf,!!, or ifiue out ecrlelialHcal renfui-es. FULMINA'TION, S. [Fr. fulrhinaihi Lat. j the aft of thundering; the aft of de- nouniin: thre.its or cenfures. FU'LMJN'ATORY, Adj. luomfuhvna- tui, Lat.] thundering \ denouncing threats an '. cenfures. FUL'XESS. S. the flaie of being incapable FUN to contain more ; the ftate of abounding in any quality ; completenefs ; perfe£lion ; Iree* oom from deleft j repletion ; plenty; er a fiate of affluence ; largcnefs, or extent, FUL'SOME, Adj. [frorr. full. Sax. foul, zndfum. Sax. J naufeous, ofi'eniive, applied to the objedls ot fight, tai'e, or fmell. Tend- ing to oblcenity j dlfgrace.'ul ; odious. " Ful- J(,m: muft it be to (lay behind." Otway. FUL'SOMELY, Adv. naufeoully ; rankly 5 ob'cenely. FUL'SOMENESS, S. naufeoufners ; ob- fcenity. rUMA'DO, S. a fi(h dried in fmoke. To FUMBLE, V. N. [fommekn, Belg.] to attempt any thing in an awK-waid or clumfy manner. FUM'BLER, S. onewhodoesaihing'awk- watdly. FUM'BLINGLY, Adv. in an awkward manner. FUME, S, [fum/e, Fr.//?K«s,Lat.] fmoak, vapour, or any volatile fubflance j an exhala tion ; any thing unfubHanlial ; an idle con- ceit ; a chinnera ; a vain imagination. To FUME, V. N. [fumcr. Fr.f^mo, Lat.] to fmoke. " The gclden alur/aw't/." Far. LoJ}. To raife or p^fs over in vapours. Fi- guratively, to be in a rage. Atlively, to fmoke, or dry in fmoke, applied to curing ol fifh or fie/h. To perfuTie or fcent by calling ocours into the fire. " Sht fum'd the tem- ples with odVous flame.'' Dryd. Uied with eivay, to difperfe in fmoke or vapours. " The heat will fume away niofl of the fcenC." Mi'tim. FUME'TTE, S. [Fr.] in Cookery, the ftink of meat. " A haunch of venifon made her fweat, " Uniei's it had the r ght fumette." Sivft. FU'MED, Adj. [fumidas, Lat.J fmoky ; vaporous. ** A grofs and fumed exhalation." Br<ywn, To FU'MIGATE, V. A. [from fumus, Lat. fmoke, fumi/tr, Fr.J to fmoke, fccnt, or perfume by vapours j to tleanfe from con- tagion by fmokinu. FUMIGA'TION, S. {Yt.fimi^auo,hM.] fcent railed by fire ; the ail ot Imoking any aft'c£led part in medicated fumes. FU'MINGLY, Adv. angrilv : in a rage. FU'MITLR, or FUMITORY, S. a plant: fpelt iikewif;^, and more properly, fumatiry. FU^MOUS, or FUMY, Adj. [fumiux, Fr.] producing fumes, fmoke, or va- pours. • FUN, S. fport ; frolickfome mirth ; wag- gi(h merriment. FUNCTION, S. [fonBlon, Yt. fur Bio, Lat.] difcharge or performance; an employ- ment, office, or trade ; a fingle ad of any office ; power j faculty j the offitc of any paiticular partof ihe body. FUND, S. IfnJ, Fr. fi^nJa, Lx\. a bag] FUR ftock, or capital j that by which any espen«^ is fupportfd ; the public fecurity given thofc who lend money to the ftate j a ftock or banic of monev. FUNDA'MENT, S. [fuvdamenium, Lat.] that part of the body on which a perfoo fits. ' FUNDAATE'NTAL, Adj. [fundamenta. lis. Lit.] ferving for the^ foundation 5 that on which the fiift is built ; eiTeatial j im- portant. _ FUNDA'MENTAL, S. a leading, efTen- lial, or nece(T<iry proDofr.ion, FUND.VMENTALLY, Adv. erTentlally} originiily. FU'NERAL, S. [funeraiHes, Fr. of /i/- »us, fuzeris, Lat.] the proceffion made in carrying a corpfe to the grave ; the interment or putting a dirad perloa into the grave ; the ceremony ufed at putting a perfon into the grave. FU'NERAL, Adj. [funereus, Lit.] ufei at the burial of the dead; fuitinga burial. Dark or difmal, applied to colour. ^ FUNGO-'SITY, S. [of fnngns, Lat.J iponi^ineCs ; porofny, FUN'COUS, Adj. [fur^m, Lu.] ex- crefcent ; Ipongy j porous j wanting firm- nefs. FUN'GUS, S. [Lat.] a mufhroom ; any excrelcence growing on trees. In Surgery, an excrefcence of flefh grov.'inj on the lips of wounds, tUNK, S, [a low word, yi/n^f, D.-n. em- bers] a ftrong, rank or ctTenfive fmell ; a.i offenfive or fuiTocating fm.ike. _ FUN'NEL, S. [irfi^ndibuh-n, Lat. whence fur.d-.bh, fundk, funrelj an inverted hollow- cone with a pipe tallened to it, through which liquors are poured into vefi'ds with narrow moBths ; the fh-^frs of a chimney ; any pipe or paffage of communication. " Two large funnels -to let in light and air." y^ddif. FUR, S. [fourrure, Fr. ffrir. Arm.] fkin with fott h.ir ; the fott hair of beads j the fediments of liquors, adhering to the veiTels ia which they were contained. To FUR, V. A. to line or cover with Ikins that have hh hair ; to cover with fe- dimenr?, or with the parts of a fluid which is become thick by evaporation. FURA-'CIOUS, Adj. ffurax,furac:s,Lnt.1 thievifti ; inclined to Ileal. FURA'CITY, S. [furax,ft,rads. Lat.J an inclinaticn or difpolmon to tnc.'t. FUR'BHLOW, S. [of fur and Wcw, f,!- l'aia,l:'r,\ an ornament of ruffiesi or plaited filk, linen, lluff;, (Sc. fewcd on womcus garment?. To FUR'BELOW, V. A. to adorn with ftripes or borders of fur, filk, linen, &c. fcwtd on its plait!. To FL'R'UlbH, V. A. [fcurUir, Fr. f,r. hire. FUR hire, Ital.J to butaifli, poliffi, or make any metal bright. FUR'BISHER, S. [foudifcur, Fr.] one who pulifhes or buinifhes any metal fo as to make k bright. FU'RIOUS, Adj. [funetix, Fr. furhjus, Lat.] mad, or deprived of the right ufc of reafon j raging j violently tranfporced by pafTion, FU'RIOUSLY, Adv. madly ; violently ; vith vehemence and outrage. FU'RIOUSNESS, S. fiercenefs of nature; violence of attack ; rjgiiig. To FURL, V. A. [fiipr, Fr.] to draw up, and bind any .'ail cloth to the yard. FUR'LONG, S. [furlang, or furlw.g, Six- ffyrltng, Belg.J a nieafure containing 220 yards, or cne eighth of a mile. FUR'LOUGH, S. [lerkef, Belg.] a per- miffion given by a fuperior officer to an in- /erior, or a common I'oldicr, to be abfent for jl ftated time. FUR'N.<iCE, S. [furnus, Lat.] a place luilt like an opc-!i, in which coals or v;ood are burnt J fometimcs applied lo the vtfTcl 0/ iron or copper in which ores, mttals, &c. are melted. To FUR'NISH, V. A. [fcutm'r, Fr.] to fupply with what it vvanti.ig; to give for ufe; to adorn 5 to emlieliiiTi. FUR'NIiHER, S. one who fupplies or fits Cut. FUR/NITURE, S, [f.urntturc, Fr.] any goods, necefiaries, or materials proper to ren- der a houfe, place, or thing convenient j an appendage J equipage j embellifhment, or ornament. FUR'RIER, S. one who buys or fells furs. FUR'ROW, S. [furh, Sax. fur, Din. furch, Teut. -aore, or 'vorre, Belg.j a fir.all trench made by the plough for the recep;ion of feeds J a narrow channel made in a field for conveying water to dry, or for the draining vatery laud j any long trench or hollow ; the marlfs or hollows made in the face by age ; a wrinkle. To FUR'ROV/, V. A. to plough into long and narro-w channels or hollows 5 to move by cuttinp, like a pi u^'h fh.ire. FUR'RY, Adj. {Uam fur] covered with or drelled in fur; confiding of fur 5 cover- ed with t!if feriinicnts of any liijuor. FUR"3^HER, Adj. beyond, or greater than tnis To FUR/THER. V. A. [fcrthrlan, Sax.] to promote, coun'enance, or encourage. FUR'THERaNCE, S. the aft of pro- motint;, countenmcing, or advancing any undTfaking or deiign. FL'R'THERER, S. a promoter; one who contrlhutes to auvance the progrcfs of an un- derlakin'4. FUR'THERMORE, Adr, morsoyerj P Y more than what has been faid or alledged j befides. FLJRY, S. [furh, Fr. furor, Lat.] lofa of lenfon; madnefs j frenzy. FURZE, S. [firs, Sax.j a plant which grows wild on heaths and upland commons, generally ufd for fuel, or making hedges. fUR'ZY, Adj. overerovvn with furze. To FUSE, V. A. [fufum, fupine oi funda, Lat. J to melt, or liquify by heat. FUSE'E, S. [fujeau, Fr.] the one or fpindle round which the ch,.in of a clock or watch is wound. In a Bomb, a wooden pipe or tap filled with wild fire, by which the whole powder or compofition in the fljcli takes fire. A track of a buck. A firelock, or frnall neatmufket. FU'SIBLE, Adj. capable of being melted, or liquified bv fite. FUSIBI'LITY, S. a capacity of being melted, or becoming liquid by fire. FUSI'LIER, S. [pronounced /»//«r] a loldier armed with a fmall mufket. FU'SION, S. [fufw, Lat.] the aft of melting ; the fiate of being melted or turned into a liquid by heat. FUSTIAN, S. [futalnc, Fr. of /«/??, Fr.] a kind of clotn made of cotton ftufF. Ln Criticifm, a high fwelhngand turgid ftilej bombaft. FUS'TIC, S. a wood ufed for dying. FUS'TINESS, S. ftink j the fcent of a mouldy cafk. FUS'TY, Adj. ftinklng j mouldy ; fmel- linp like a mouldy calk. FU'TILE, Aa\. [Fr. offutilis, Lat.] talk- ing much j trifling J worthlefs ; of no weight or import. FUTI'LITY, S. [funiite', Fr.] the faulf of talking too much 5 triflingnefs j .want of weight ; want of folidity. FUT'TOCKS, S. [corrupted from foit hscki] in Ship-buliding, the lower or upper timbers that give breadth and beafing to a (hip. and iiold it together. FU'TURE, Adj. [futur,Tt futurus, Lat.] that which /liall be; that which 'has never exified, but is approaching. FU'TURE, S. time to come ; that which maj happen hereafter. In Grammar, a lenie by which we exprefs a thing neithei preicnt or pjfl, but one which is to come. FUTU'RITY, S. time or events which .iiay come after a certain period of linie ; the flats oi being to happen after a certain time. To FUZZ, V. N, [from the found] to fly out with a hlflinp noife in fmall particles, like water frotn a cock half turned. FU'ZZBALL, S. a kind of fungus which when touched or prcfitd, bu:fts and fcatters duft. FY! Interjeft, a word ufed to enprefs dif- approbation aiid ^oathing, G. GAD C^ The feventh letter of the Engli/h al- ■j- phdbet, and the fifth confonant. Its ^ form is borrowed from that of the Homaiis, who likewife formed it from the gamma of the Greeks, 3s may be eafily per- ceived from coiifulting the manufciipts in that language, and by confidering the form of the Gothic and Saxoij capitals. The let- ter G is of the mute kind, and cannot- be founded without a vowel ; it has two lounds, one of which is called hard, becaufe formed by a hard prelTure of the tongue againft the upper gums ; this found it retains before a, c, u, I, r, &i gat, god, guU, glafs, grafs. The ether found, which is termed foft, lefembks the found of the J, and is commonly, though ntJt always, found before e or /, as in gem and ^•.bbet. Before n, at the end of a word, it is not founded, but ferves only to lengthen the vowel, which comes before it, according to the French, from whence thefe words are derived, as condign, malign, which arc pro- nounced ccnd'.ne, maline. It is often filent be- fore h in the middle of words, as in mighr, which is founded mite. This feems to have been derived to us from the Saxons, who, as Dr. Hickes informs us, pronounced it in the beginning, middle, and ending of words, like a_y, as in ^3/f, which fome ruftics ftill pro- nounce yate ; in dag, which we pronounce diiy,znd fa-g/, which we pronounce-ykvY, To GA'BBLE, V. N. [galiare, ItaU gab- haren, Belg.] to make an inarticulate noife ; to prate loudly without fenfe or meaning. GA'BBLE, S, an unintelligible noife : loud talk, without itn(s or meaning, GA'BBLER, S. a prater, or talkative per- fon. G.'^'BEL, S. [gahcUe, Fr. gakllo, Ital. ^•"yi/, SdX. a tribute] among the French, a fluty or tax upon fait; any tax, or excife. " fhegabels of Naples are very high on oil, " wine, and tobacco." ylddsf. GA'BION, S.[Fr.] a wicker ba/ket filled with cirth, fcrving as a defence from the enemy's fire 5 ufed in batteries to fcreen the engineers. GA'BLE, S. [ga'val, Brit. gMe, Fr, ] the Hoping roof of a building. The gabie- end, in building, is the upright triangular end of a houfe from the eaves to the top of the i;oof. Gad, S. [gad, Sax. gaddur, Ifl. a large clubj a wedge, or ingot of fleel. " Flem- "' irti fteel is brought — fome in bars, ap.J '■ fome in^j^j." Moxoii. To GAD, V. N. [gada-w, Brit, to for- Take, (hadxac, Pol. chodiii, Rulf. and Boh. J to ramble about without any fettled purpofe, necelTary call, or valuable bufinefs. GAD'DER, S. one who rambles about, or goes much abroad, without any call or bufinefs. GA'DDING, Part, rambling about with out any necelTny or fitted purpole. G A I GA'DDINTGLY, Adv. in a rambling tf? roving manner. gAd'FLY, S. [fuppofed by Skinner to be derived frcirx gad. Sax. a goad, and fy, S.x.j a troublelome, large Ringing fly j called like- wife a />reefe and gad-hee, GAF, S. a harpoon, or large hook, j^inf- 'Worth. GAFTER, S. \gtfadcr. Sax. a father-in- lawj a word of refpecl formerly; but now made ufe of only as a term of familiarity to an eld counrrv fellow. GAFTELS, S. {gafelucat. Sax. fpears] artificial fpurs, of ftecl or filver, put on a cock's legs, in the room of his natural ones, when he is to fight. To GAG, V. N. {gaghd, Belg. the pa- Iate,^^a^, Sax. the jav.'s, g-Jgnri, Run. a thief, they making ufe of ttieie means to prevent a difcoveryj to force fomething in to ihe mouth that may keep the jaws diftended, and hinder a perfon from fpeaking. GAG S. fornething put into ttie mouth, which hinders a perfon from /peaking. GAGE S. [ Fr. ] fornething given as a fecurity ; a pledge. To GAGE, V. A. [gager, Fr.] to vira- ger ; to give or place in truft as part of a wager ; to give as a pledge or fecurity ; to meafure, or find the contents of a veffel. In the laft fenfe more properly written gauge, which fee. To GAG'GLE, V. N. [gagen, gagekn, Belg.] to make a noife like a goofe, or like one who is gagged. GAPETY, S. a chearful, fprightly, and joyous difpofition of mind. Pleafures which are proper for youth, ufed in the plural. Fi- nery, or fplendid drefs. GAIN, S. [Fr.J profit or advantage flovir- ing as a confequence from any undertaking j intereft, lucre, or mere lucrative and merce- nary views. To GAIN, V. A. \_gagner, Fr.] to obtain profit or advantage ; to receive for a thing a- bove what it coft ; to attain, obtain, or ac-* quire; to win; to draw over to any intereft or party. Neuterl5', to encroach ; to advancs or come forward by degrees. Figuratively, \x'ie6. \n\X.h. on ot upon, to obtain an advantage over ; to get ground, GAIN'ER, S. one who fells for more than he buys ; one who receives a profit or advantage. GAIN'FUL, Adj. that by which a per- fon may be enriched ; profitable ; advanta- geous ; lucrative ; productive of money. GAIN'FULLY, Adv. in a profitable or advantageous manner. GAIN'LESS, Adj. iinprofitabie j produ- cing neither profit nor advantage. GAIN'LESSNESS, S. unprofiiablenefsj want of profit or advantage. OAIN'LY, Adv. haaJilyj dex'rOis and ready in peii'orming C g T9 GAL To GAIN'SAY, V. A. [from gain for agamfl, and /cy ; gunjecgau, Sax. J to con tradid. " Speeches which gainfay one an- other." To deny, or fpeak againft a thing. *' Impudence to gainfay what they did," Shak. GAINSAY'ER, S. an opponent ; adver- fary ; or one who writes or fpeaks againft the opinions of another. GAl'RISH, Adj. gaudy ; fhowy ; fine, or bright. " Hide me from iiy's gainjh eye." Mi!t. Exccrflively gay, or flighiy, applied to the mind. " Makes the mind luofe and gai- r-p." Souih. GAI'RISHNESS, S. finery, or flaunting gaiidinefs, applied to dreCs. Flighty, or ex- travagant joy or gaiety, " Let your hope be without vauity, or gair'Jhnefs of fpirit." Taylor. GAIT, S. [Scot, gat, Belg.J the manner or air of walking GAL GALLANT, S. a gsy, fpiightly, a?? and courageous perfon ; a perfon who courts a womin in order to make her his wife ; a perfon who keeps company with a proftitutej or one who ftrives to debauch a wonriin. G AL'LANTLY, Adv. in a gay or fpright- ly manner. In a fhowy, or fplendid manner, applied to drefs. In a brave, noble, or cou- U'ous manner. GAL'LANTRY, S. [gaUanterie, Fr.] fplendour ; grandeur ; finery ; bravery ; no- blenefs ; courtfhip ; elegant and refinid ad- drefs to women ; vicious love ; amoroufnefj, GAL'LEON, S, [pronounced gaUoen, of gallon, Fr.] a large Ihip with four or five aecks. Now applied to thofe ftiips which the Spaniards employ in the commerce they carry on between Mexico and Peru. GAL'LERY, S, [gallent, Fr. galltria, Ital.] a little ifle or wilK in a houfe above GA'LAXY, S. \galaxie, Fr, ya^a^ia, oflftair?, ferving as a common paflage to feve- y«X£t^, Gr. milk] tiie milky way ; or that I ral rooms placed in a line or row ; likewife a part of the fky whick appears with a ftream I covered place in a houfe, much longer than of light, fuppofed by modern aftronomers to j broad, ulually placed in the wings of a build- be occafioned by a profufion of ftars. ing, fomi times embelli(hed with pidures. GAL'BANUM, S. [Lat, and Sax.] a fub fiance of a middle nature between a gum and a refin, being inflammable like the latter, and foluble in war:r like the former, but will not diflolve in oil, as pure refins do. GALE, S, IgatltngfTeMtAuAden] a cur- rent of air ; or a jeniie blaft of wind. GA'LEAS, or GALEASSE, §. [gahajfe, Fr.] a large low built vefl'el, ufing both lails and ferving to walk in 5 ihe feats in a play- houfe above the boxes. In Fortification, a covered walk or paliage made acrofs the ditch of a town befieged. In 4 fiiip, a balcony on the ouifide of the flern, to which there is a pillage from the great cabin. GALLEYT'ILE, S. a fine, fhining, and light cby, of which gallipots are made. C;aL'LEV, S. [plural,' jTA/Zifj; galea, Ital. and oars, being the lar^eft vcifel which is j ga/fz-e, Fr.] a low-built velfel going both with rowed. It may carry twenty gui s, and has a ftern capable of lot^ging a great number of tnufquetee's. GA'LEATEP, Adj. [gaJeatus, Lat.] co- vered with an helmet, or with fomething re- fembling an helmet. GA'LIOT, S. [gaUhtte, Fr.] a fmall gal- ley, cr a brigantine, biiiic very lli|,ht, and fit for the chace, carryi g one maft, and two or three patetraroes. It can both fail and row, and has from ten to twenty feats for the fowers, with one man to each oar. GALL, S. [gcsb, S.1X. galle, Bt\?. gall, Teut. and 111. gahle, Dan. J a yellow juice, lars and fails, having two mads and two fquare fails. Figuratively, iifed to imply a ftate of extreme mifery, alluding to the con- dition of the Haves by whom ihcfe veflels are navigated, GaLLEY-SLAVE, S. a perfon con- demned to row in the gallies. GAL'LlClSMjS. [galltciJme.Tt. of gal. licus, Lat.] a manner of expreifion peculiar to the French Language, GALLIGA'SKINS, S. [ca'iga Gallo -vaf- cornea, i. e. Gaicoign hofe] a large, open, or trunk hofe ; a pair of breeche?. " My gal- ligajkini that have long withftood, &c." fecreted fiom the blood in the glands of the | Phillips, liver, and !odg;;d in a particular refcrvoir, I GALLIMA'TIA, S. [gairw!atias,Tt.'\ 3. called the gaU-bladder. Figuritivcly, any dark perplexed difcourfej nonfenfe. thing extremfly bitter. Rasroiir, or maligni- | GALLIMAU'FR Y, S. [galli.m^ufce, Fr.] ty, applied 10 the temper of the mind. A a hoch poch, hafh, or ragout of Several forts fore or hurt, occafioned by fretting or rub- I of broken meat ; any inconfiftent and ridi- bing offthe fkin. culous mec'ley. To gall, V. A. {galer, Tt,\ to hurt or CAL'LIPOT, S. a pot made of clay-glaz- make fore by rubbing oft the fkin. Figura- ed, fometimeS painted, commonly ufedito tively, to impair ; or wear away. To vex ; put medicin^JS in, to fret ; to teaze ; to harrafs ; todifturb, j GAL'LON, S. [^3/0, or galU, low Lat.] GALLA'NT, Adj. [fii/c-.f, Fr, ^a/ijnff, ' a liquid mcafure, containing f.-.ur quarts, Ital. J gay j ftiowy, or m3fe;nificent, applied to I GALLOON, S, [galon, Fr,J a kind of drei's. Brave, hi^h-fpirited j courageous, 2p- ' doTc gold, filver, or (iik lace. pl:ed to the mind. Amorous, ■or inclined 10 j To GAL'LOP, V. N. [galo^er, Fr.] to cuuitAiip* i GAM jnove Torwartls very quick ; to move on horfe- bai k bv reaches and leaos, GAL'LOP, S. [See the verb] the fwiTteft natufdl pace of a hoife performed by r:aches and Iraps. CAL'LOPER, S. a hcrfe that gallops, or moves forward by reaches and ie-ps : a per- fon who rides fifi, or makes a horfe carry him on a gallop To GAL'LOW, V. A. to terrify; to make afraid. GAL'LOWAV, S. a horfe, not more than 14 hands high, much ufed in the North, and perhaps is fo called becaufe coming originally from Galloway, a fhire of Scotland. GAL'LOWS, S. a frame of wood made in divers forms, or a beam laid over two fup- porters, on which criminals are hanged ; a part of a printing pref''. GAL'LOWS-FREE, Adj. [a compound like that oi fcot-f-ee] excufed from being banged. " Let him be ^a//(5WJ-/)fj, by n)y ponfenf — and nutliing fuftcr." Dryd, GAL'LOW-TREE, S. the inllrument or frame on which a perfon is hanged. " A Scot when fiom the gaUoiu-tree Ut loofe." Qlcvfland. GAMBA/DE, orGAMBA'DO, S.[plura!, vamhaJes ^nJ g.:m'^adtet\ gamba, Ital. a leg] a fort of Icdther boot fixed to a faddle, inftead of ftirruos, to pui the legs in. GAM'CLER, S. [perhaps from gnnte^ a perfon who draws in the unwary to game, in order to cheat them. To GAM'BOL, V. N. {gambUUr, Fr.] to dance, fkip, frifk, tumble, or play fportive tricks. GAM'BOL, S. a fkip, hop, leap, or tum- ble for joy. F guratively, a frolic or wild prank. " Who did ever play his gamhoU,''^ Hudfon. GAME, S. \gamcr.e,Szx. gam'n. If!.] fport of any kind. A jeft, oppofed to lerioufnels, or earneft. To male game, to rijjicule. A fingle match at play : advantage in play. Field f^Jorts, applied to the chace of falconry. Animals purfued in the Jield. To GAME, V, N. [gamenlan, Sax.] to play at any fport or diverfionj to play extra- fragantfy, or for great fums of money. GAME'-COCK., S. a cock of a peculiar fpecies, bred for fighting. GAME'-KEEPER, §. a perfon who looks after game. GAME'SCME.S. frolickfome jmerryjgay. GAME'SOMENESS, S. fpoftivenefs wan- tonnefs. GAME'SOMELY, Adv. in a pleafant; merry, fportive, or wanto.T manner. GAME'STER, S. one who is fond of play Jo e^cefs, qt oni y/ho cngaj^es in play y/itii a lidign to cjjeat j o.ie wljo is cpgag.'jd in play, jC/ undeiftands a gaa> G A n >.pt' tJA'|^.nyG, .S. the a,f» pf nfaiaz j an oipdc/jfc Ipye of pijv, ^ ' • GAM'MER, S. a familiar word for sn eM country-woman. GAM'MOT^, S. [ga>f:kn^, Ital. ;VwW, Fr.J the buttock or tni^h of an hog ; the lower end of a flitch of bjcon. GA'MUT.S. (gaKa,Ua\.] a k^e by v/hic|» we are taught fo Ibun 1 the muficil notes. To GANCH, V, A. to drop from a high place upon hooks, a punifhment praftifed m Furhy. GaN'DER, S. [gandra, S.x.] a |irg« wa- ter fowl ; the male of the goofe. G.'^NG, S. a company or crew going toge- ther on fome exploit, ufed of a fliip's crevy : or a company of robber'. GANG'LION, [yeyyXiot, Cr, when tw(? ^'scome together in Greek, and in the Go- th:c, the firft founds like «J in Surgery, a hard moveable tumour, GAN'GRENE, S. [gangra^a, low L^t.] m Surgery, a diforder in any ficfliy part of the body tending to a mortification, attendeti with fome fenfatiop of pain, and /hare of na- tural bear, the flefh it feize^ turning black, and fpreading itfelf 10 the adjacent paits. To GAN/GRENE, V. N [cargrene,; Fr.] to tend towards a mo t^fication. Adt.vely, (6 affedt with a deadi/h corruption, attendeij with a ftench, blackncfs, and tending tovy«d» d mortification. GAN'GRENOUS, Adj. of the nature of? gangrene. GANG'WAY, S. in a ftip, the feverai ways or paffages from one part of jt to an- other. G.AN'TELOPE, or GANT'].ET, So [ganti'ct is only a corruption oi gastelope, fronj gaiit, all, and Icijicn, Belg.j to runj a niiljtary puniiTinient, wherein the offender is ihippjci naked to the waift, and obliged to runihrough a lane of foldiers, with green fwitches ifi their hands, when each gives him a bloyf af he pafFes. GAOL, S. [pronounced jqU, gegl, Bt'iU gtale, Fr. gh'iUk, Belg. gahlut Ital J 'a place ot confinement for debtors or criminals. GAOL'-DELlVERy, S. [pronouncedja;/- deliwry] a judicial procefs, which either by punifhment or pardon empties a prifjn. GAOL'ER, S. [gcolier, Fr.J a keeper of 5 prifon. _G -iP, S. an opening in a broken fence ; a bre..ch, pallage, avenue, open vyay, hole, in- terftice, or interval. To G APE, V. N. to open the mcuth widei to yawn. Figuratively, to coi^et, crave, or defire earnenly ; to op^n in hoks or breachej j 10 beheld with ignorant wor.de'', ar;d with tae mouth opan. GA»"E1J., S. one v/hq opens jiis mot|tf} ; one who ftiffcs, w^th his Oio^th, open, at anf other petfos Q? fljirrg, tlir^r^gh ignoj-a^p f^- niiration. G AE, S. in Sa». 9nd J^-vn. fifsifice ^ wea- pon, tliu- ftid^iii- is ahjppy v/eppon] ethchrr^ GAR GAS or ethtl, Six. noble, and gar, Sax. a weapon, jany thing which is worn to cover the bodj implies a nohle wedpou. cioaths ; drefs. GARB, S. [garh, Fr. of ^arbo, Ital.] drefs ; a habit : the fafiiion of a perfon's deaths, or drefs ; external appearance. GAr^'BAGt:, S. l^jftesn, Span.] the bowels, or that part (T the intelViDes, which, in beads, is fepirated md thrown away j the entrails. To GAR'BLE, V. A. [girLellan, Ital.] t© fift : to feparate the good from the bad ; to cleanfe from drofs, filch, dirt, o: foreign Oiixtures. GAR'BLER, S. one who feparates one thing from another; one who picks out the dir:, filth, or foreign mixtures frcni any com- modity. GARD, S. Igarde, Fr.] wardfhip ; care ; Cuftody; the charge of a petfon. Figuratively, I brim of a difii ; a fee or treat paid by a prl an orphan or pcrlin left to the care of an- foner on his firft en. ranee into a gaol. GAR'NER, S. [grenier, Fr. grafraro. It.!.] a place wherein any fort of grain is kept. Tu GARDNER, V. A to (lore. Figura- tively, to keep as in a ftorehoufe. " There, " where 1 have garnered up my heart." Shak. A beautiful mci'aphor. GAR'NET, S. [garnalo, Id. graratus, low Lat.j a gem of a middle degree of hatd- nefs between the fapphire and common cryf- tal ; the Bohemian is red, with a flight caft of flame colour, and the Syrian red, with a fiiehc c^ft of purple. ToGAR/NlbH, V. A. [garmr,Ti.2 in Cookery, to embellifh, fet cfi^, or trim. GAR'NISH, S. ornament ; embelliihment; hings placed by way of crnaroent o;i the other ; a priforier intrufted with a perfon GAR'DEN, S. [gar^J, Eri'. jarjin, Fr. giardiv, Ital. J a piece of giou.nd incloled and cultivated with extraordinary care, planted with herbs, lowers, or iruits. GAR'DENER, S. {garddivr, Brit, jardl- mer, Fr.] one that takes care of a garden. GAR'DENING, S. the aft of cultivating or taking care of a garden. GARE, S. coarfe wool growing on the legs of fheep. GAR'GARISM, S. \yaiya.oi^;xa, Gr.] a liquid medicine uieJ to w-dh the mouth with. To GARGARI'ZE, V. A. to waili the mouth with a liquid medicine GAR'GET, S. [garan. Sax. an ulcer] a diAemper which appears in the head, maw, or hinder parts of cattle. To GARGLE, V. A. [gargouUhr, Fr.] to wa(h the throat with fome liquor, without fwallowing it. GAR'GLE, S. a liquor with which the throat is wafhed, without fwallowing it. GAR'GLION, S. in Surgery, an exfoda- fion or extravafation of nervous juice from a bruife, &c. which becomes a hard immove- able tumour. GAR'GOL, S. [gargen. Sax.] a diftemper in hogs, fhewins itl'eif in their hanging down their heads, having moift eyes, llaggering, and lofs of appetite. GAR'LAND, S. Igjrljnd.Tv] a wreath made o.*" flowers, and worn on the head ; like- wife a milk-maid's pail drefTcd up with flow- ers, ana aacrned with plate, which is carried about the flrcets in London, at the beginning of Mdy, when they vifit and receive prefems of money from their cuflomers GAR'LIC, or GAR'LICK, S. in Botany, the alium. GAR'LIC PEAR-TREE, S. a pear-tree, fo called from bearing a fruit which has a firong fcent of garlic CiiK'i,lLWi\ S. [guarnhr.ent, old Fr,] GAR'NISHMENT, S. an ornament. GAR'isITURE, S. furniture ; or fome- ihing added to a thing to make it appear pkahng to the eye. GA'ROUS, Adj, \garum, Lat.] refem- Lling pickle made of filh. GAR'RET, S. [^dr/Vif, Fr. the tower of a citadel] a room on the higheft floor of a houfe. GAR/RETTEER, S. one who lives in a, garret. GAR'RISON, S. {garnJon,Yr.'\ foldiers placvJ in a fortified town Or cadle to defend It ; a fortified place ftored with foldiers. To GaR'RISON, V. A. to defend with foldiers, to flore a place with foldiers for the defence of it. GARRU'LITY, S. Igarrulitaz, Lat.] ths vice of talking too much 3 inability of keep- ing a fecret. GAR'RULOUS, Adj. [garruhs. Lat.J talkative ; prattling ; fond of calking. GAR' TER, S. [gardus, Brit, jar'ticr, Fr.] a firing with which the ftockings are tied up. The mark of an order of knights inftiiuted by Edward III. in 1352, who wore a garter on the iclt leg, fet with precious flones, and embroidered witii this motto, horifeit qui ntal y M- . . GAR'TER, S. fometimes called, though improperly, gorter pr'ir.c'pal king at arms, an oli'icer who attends the knights of the garter at their aliVmblies. To GAR'TER, V. A. to bind up the flocking with a band or garter. GASCON A'DE, S. [from Gajcoign in France, a province remarkable for boaitingj a bcail, or vaunt of fomcihing improbable. To GASCONA'DE, V. N. to brag or boaft. To GASH, V. A. to cut deep, foastocaufe a wide and gaping wound. GASH, S. a deep and wide wound ; the mark or fear left by a wound. To CASP, V. N, to open the mouth Wide j G A U *?(Je ; to catcli or draw breath ; to expire, or force out brejth with difficulty. "With *' fhort fobs he g'Jf away h;s breath," D>yd. Figuratively, to long for ; to be al- moll expiring for want of; a vehement de- fire. " Gafped afier liberty." SpeEI. No, 198. Gasp, S. the aft of opening the mouth wide for want of breath ; the convulfive flruggle for breath in the agonies of death. GAS'TRIC, Adj. [trotn j/ari^, Gr. the bellyj belonging to, or fituated in, or on the belly. GASTROCNE'MIUS, S. :n Anatomy, a name given to the two mufcles which com- pofe the fura, or calf of the leg : the one calie<l externus, ':. e. external, and the other inteinus, or internal. GASTRO'RAPHY, S. {(ram yci^Y,=, the •belly, and ^b.-:!\'jj, Gr. to levvj in Surgery, ap- plied to fignify that a wound of the belly is complicated w th another of the inteftines, GASTRO'TOMY, S. [from ^artf, and 'n;^vj}, Gr.] tht Cefarean operation, or ad of cutting the belly open. GAT. the preter of g€f. GATE, S. Igale, Sax.] a large door cf a city, caftie, palace, &c. a frame of timber on hinges to flop up, or open a paifage into, xfidoied grounds. Figuratively, a way, ave- nue, or introduflion. " Opening » gate to a long war." Knohs, GATE'WAY, S. a way or paflage thro' the gates of indofed ground. To GA'THER, [gatberian. Sax; gaderen, Eelg.J to colleft or bring many things into pne place ; to pick up; to glean ; to crop or p'uck a vegetable from the-tree or plant on which it grows. 1o gather together, to afieiTi- ble ; to heap up ; or accumulate ; to colleft charitable contributions ; to colleil ; or re- duce to a narrower conripafs. " Gaiherin^ " his flowing robe." Fcpe. To gain, ulcd yi'liW ground. " He gathers ground upon her." Dryd, To run cloth in very fmall folds or plaits on a thread, in needlework. To de- duce ; to colled logically, or by inlerence. In Surgery, to generate or breed matLer, applied to wounds. GA'THERER.S. one who coUeds ; one wljo gets in a crop ot any vegetable, produce, or fruit. GA''THERING. S. the nd of colleding. _ GAT'TEN-IREE, S. in Botany, a fpe- cies of the comerum clerry. GAUDE, S. [from gaude, Fr.] an orna- Sient ; a trinket ; any thing worn as a fign of joy. " Bore all \.\\a gauda tlie fimple na- tives wear." Dryd. GAU'DERY, S. finery; a fhowy drefs ^ cftenla'ioi's luxury of drcls. GAU'UILY, Adv. in. a fltowy manner. G.\U'D1NESS, S, an appei^rarice of (plen- dour witbout any real value ; often:a;iMUS fiiowinefs. GAU'DY, Adj. ftriking the fight with GAY lome fplendid appearance and fliowy colour* including generally the idea of fomething of Imall vilue, GAVE, the preter oi give, from p-<7/ii, Run< a prefent. "^ GA'VEL-KIND, S. [gaft!, or gd-vel, Sax, a tribu ej in Law, a cuftom whrreby th? lands of a father are, at his deatii, equally divided among his fons, to the exclufioij of the females, or thofe of a brother .ire equally divided amoog brothers, if Jie dies without illue. To GAUGE, V, A, [pronouncpd gage, Uoai jauge, Fr. a meafuring rod] to find the contents of a veJiei by means of a meahiiing, or gauging rod. Figuratively, to mcafure or proportion the fize of one thing to another. GAUGE, S. [pronounced gcJ^e] a mea- fure, or fiandard by which any thing is mea- fured. GAU'GER, S. one who ineafures or finds how much is contained in a cafk or vrfl'el. GAU^GiNG, S. [pronounced gag't^gl the art of meafuring, or computing how much liquor is, or may be, contained in a cafk, &c. GAUNT, Adj. [of ge-zcaman, Sax. to lef- renj thin or meagre, applied to the fiat^ or mealure of the body. GAU'NTLY, AJv. in a flender, thin, or meagre manner. GAU'NTLET, S. \ga7,te:d, Fr. o( ganf, Fr. a glove] an iron -giuvt: ufed for defence, thrown down on the ground in challenges. Appropriated by tranflators to the ceftus, or boxing glove ufed in the Ciicenfian and Olympic games. GA'VOT, S. [ga-vottfjYr. ga-votfa, Ital.] in Mufic; a fhort, bnfk, lively air, compofed in common time, confifting of tvvo parts or ftrains, each of which is played over twice, the firft firain corfiifing of 4 or 8 bars, and the lad of 8, 12, ^c. bars. GAUZE, or GAWZE, S. a kind of thio tranlpafent filk or linen. GAWK, S. [gcuc, S,zyi. geecTtnX..'] a cOckow ; a foolifli lellow j ufed in both fenfes in Scotland. GAY, Adj. [Fr.] brifk, nimble, chearfiil, or merry ; fine, or /liowy dicfs. GAY, [John] born in 1688, at or near Bariiftjple in Du-von/lire ; was educated at the irre fchool there, and dfr;;endea of an ancient family. The family eft.ite being impaired, he was bred 10 trade, as a means • )t improving his foi.une, and put apprentice to a fiik mercer in London ; but that Aation not fuiting his inclination, he procured a re- 'eafe from his appreniicefiiip on ea/y terms, and feon gave the public a proof of his ta- lents in his rural Georgic. His friendftiip v/:th Mr. Pope was perhsps no fmall addi- tion to his tame, efprcially -s it was in itfelf a tacit proo! ofhis ahilities, and gave rile to his P.ii'oials, which put his merit* in a bVbt G g 3 ^ that G E t tnit Mii&ei genera! notice, and univerfal ipplaufe. The cncour.it,ennent vhich liis ^iece of the Beggar's Opera met with at it' niH ei;h:bition, and its popularity to thif vety day, contributes not £ little to raife tiit ide.i We rnuft have of him in the character o? i. pcet. The chief virtues he was remark- able for, Were honcfly and fincerity. As a fabuliJl, few equallsd, and none can furpafs hini ; there is luch an e>iy elegance in all Jiis pieces of ihis kind, that he feems to havr flolen the curiofa felititas of Horace ; in his Paflorals he is juOly called the fen ot Spenfer is as natiii-a], but no. fo rough, as Theocritus, and both in his language and fentiments leeih'sio give us a more perfeil idea of paf- tbral poetry, than any definition can convcv cf it. As Suilt fays of him, he had the art of writing childifh things wiihout appearing feb'eiile. Even in his fables addretiVd to a prince, he fpaies no foible which migiit cha- lafflsrize a courtier ; and if he recon-.mends jiitrifelf to princely favour, it is not under the chara^er of a Have, b'.ic that of a man. It Were to be wifhed he h;il met with that en- tburagtment his merits delerved, or at iedfi th»t he had Ican.ed the an of bearing a dil- appointment. He died in 1732. G AY'LY Adv. merrily ; chearfully j fine, tor Jhowy. To GAZE, V. A. '-[gefiah, Sax. to fee, kycc^^ixai, Gr.J to look at a thing with in- tcritneis or earneftntfs, ir.cludlng fomelinies the idea of novcliy in the objeft, or admira- tion in I he petfon. GAZE, S. a fixed and earneft look, includ- jng the idi a of wonder ; the obje£t of afto- nilhment, i.dmirat;on, or gazing. " Made of mine enemies the fcorn and gaxe." Mil- ton, GA''ZER, S. one who looks at a thing Vihh great earneftnel's and fixedness. GA'ZEFULj Alj. looking intently. GA'ZETTE, S. [at prefent accented on thfc firft, but fcrmerly, and more propeily, on the ftcond fyJlablr j o' gaz,etra, a Vene tian halfpenny, the pizi; ot ihe ncws-p^pei pubh/hed at Venice] a paper cf news, con- taining mofily foreign articles, an: publiftjeo by authority. GA'ZETTEER, S. a writer or pnblilhe- of news i a paper which con jins aiiiclcs oi news both fjre'gn and di mcflic. GA'ZJNG-S rOCK, S. an objefl of pub lie notice, contempt, inl adhorrence. GaZON, S. [Fr, the pronounced like that in lcr,e\ in Foriificitior^ j ier es of fiefti earth covered with graff, in the form of a wedge, ibcut a foot long, and hj|f a foot thick, ufid 10 Jine parapets, and the traverf..s of galleiief. GEE, 1. te'rj. a word u^ed by waggoners, or Other diivcri, to make their hoifes go fafler. C££SE, S. th^' pluialof ^i>o/>. G E n. GE'LABLi;, Adj. {horfigek, tat. a frofl] what may be thickened, or formed into a geily. GELATINE, or GELATINOUS, Adjj [gehitus, Lat.j foritied into a gelly j flifi" of viltous. To GELD, V. A. [prctei- a«d part. pafH geliiid or gelt] to caftrate, or deprive of the power of generation. Figuratively, to di.-ni- iiifh, leiTen, or deprive of any ellentjal part. " Ge/(/(ng the oppoftd continent." Sh^k. To cut out or deprive a book of any pafTage that is inimodefl, or liable to objection, " G(id it fo clearly in fome places." Dryd. GEL'DER, S. one who perforins the a£l of cailratiiip. GEL'DER-ROSE, S. [perhaps h called from its coming from Gue!dcriand\ in Botany, a (pccics of the viburnum, and a variety of the marfh elder, having flowers fweiling round in a border. GEL'DiNG, S. any animal that is catlrat- ed, t)ut more particularly applied to a horfe in that condition, GE'LID, Adj. [gelidus, Lat.] extremely col.-i. " The deep oofe and gelid cavern*" Thoinj. GELl'DITY, S. extreme cold. CEL'Ly, S. [gelatui, Lat. of ge.'u, Laf. geiee, Fr. froftj any thick, vifcous, or gluey fubftance. GELT, S. an animal that has been caf- tra td. GELT, prefer, and part. paff. o( geld, GEM, S. Igemma, Lit.] a jewel, or precioiij ftonf. To GEM, V. A. [from the noun] to pro- duce, or put forth the firft buds j to adorn ai witli jewels or buds. GEMILLl'PAROUS, Adj. [from gev7e!l!, Lat. twins, and /xirro, Lat. to bring forth] bearing twins. GEMIN.VTIGN, S. [gemlnatio, Lat.] a repetition or republicition of a word or fen- tence in order to encreafe its force. " A gt- ir.ir.ation the prelent controverfy Ihews not td iaVe been caufelefs." Boyle. GEMI'NI, S. [Lat.j in Aftronomy, thtf Tains, the third cooftellation cr fign in the Zodiac, containing eighty-nine flars, accord- ing to the Britannic catalogue, marked on the globes by the hieroglyphic ot two kids, be- caufe at this time tfee Iheep generally bring ortti their young in pairs, Jn the place of ihe Ei.'ypii,,n hieroglyphic, iht Greeks have ulflitu'cd, v^ithiiut any propiicty, the iwiil brothers Caflor and Pollux. GEM'MtOUS, Adj. [gemmeus, Lat.] tend- ing to, o: having the nature fg-ms. GLN'DER, S. [gevdre, Fr. gtnu!, Lat,] a foit. " One j;<nflVr f herbs." Sbak. A fex. In Grammar, a name given to, or a diftinc- tion of nouns, according to the d.ftcrent ifxts they fignify, or the termination of the ad- jective wBich is joined to them, Tt> GEN . To GEN'DER, V. A. [ings/t^re, Fr.] to begec; to produce as a cauTe. NciiterJy, to copiiTate ; tn breed. CENEALO'GICAL, Adj. from [genealo- gy] perrainlng to the defcents of families; belonging to the hiftory of the fucceffors in houfcs. GENEA'LOGV, S. [olyVJSit, and Xoy©-, Gr.] a fummary account of the fevctaldelcen- dan'.s in a pedigree or family, a feriss of fuc- ce/Tiou of progenitor* ; a pedigree. GE'NERABLE, Adj. [ge,:eio, Lat.] that which rray be produced or begoiten. GE'NERAL, Adj. [Fr. generalis, Lat.] comprehending m^ny fpecies or individuals, oppoled to fpi^cial, or particular. Koc re- ftrained in its fignification, applied to words. Excenfive, or comprehending a great many, but not univerfal. GE'NERAL, S. the whole; the m^iin, without infilling on particulars; one who commands an army ; a particular march or be It of the drum. GENERALIS'SIMO, S [ItaX. generalljfme, Fr-] a luprems commander in the held. GENERA'LITY, Adj. [gcnerulite, Fr.] the quality oi being general, or including fe- verai ipec.es, oppofed to /;jrn'f«/i?r. The main body, bulk, or greater part of any number or body of men. GE'NERALLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to include ail of the fame fpecies without exception ; commor.ly, or frequently. GE'NERa.NT, Adj. {gineram, Lat. J the power, caufiDg, producing, or begettmg. " The gcreran^i or aftivf principle." Ray, To GE'NERATE, V. A. [generatus, of genero, Lat. J to be^et, to propagate j to caul or procure, GENERA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of begetting or ptojucing; a family, race or offspring ; a fingle fuccellion or gradation, in the fcale of delcent. '* So generations in their courfe decay." Pope. Figuratively, an age " By fome of the antients a generation was fixed to an huncred yi-ars." Calmet. GE'NERATIVE, Adj. [ger,erattf, Frj having the power of propagjtion or produ- cing; prolific. GENERA'TOR, S. the power which be- gets Cdufes, or produces. GENE'RIC, or GENE'RICAL, Adj. [ge- renque, Fr. of genin, Lac. j ihat which com- preiicnds the genus, or diftinguiftes one ge- nus, but not one fpecies, from another. GENE'RlCALi^Y, Adv. in a generical manner; v^/ith regard to i he genus, GENERO'SITY, S. {generofiie, Fr. gene- rofus, Lat. J the quality of giving money free- ly, ot overlooking laulis without ccnfure, of pardoning crimes with good-nature, and con- filtring the difagrcgmcnt of other perfons opinicms with charitable allowances. GE'NEROUS, Adj. {ge„creux, Fr. g^ne- rcjiia., Lat. j open of heart ; iib'-iaU GEN GE'NESIS, S. r^fV£a<f, Gr.] the firft took of thf; Old Tefl-iment, To cdlied by the Greeks, becaufe it contdins the hiftory of the genera- tion or ptodudion of all things. It compre- hends the account of the creation, the origin of all nations, the hlftor) of the firft patri- archs, takcs% the fpace of 2367 years, and was written by Mofes. The Jews are forbid- den to read the beginning of this book, and that of Ezekiel, till thty are thirty ye.3rs old. GE'NET, S. [gaiet, Fr. gianetto, Ital.] a fmall-fized, well-proportioned, and fwifc Spa- nifh horfe. GENETHLFACAL, Adj. [^svsOx.ax®-, Gr.J in Aftrology, belonging to, or calculat- ed trom, a perfon's biith or nativity. GENE'THLIACS, S. [See Gemthliaca!,'] the fcience of calculating nativities. GENE'VA, S. fa corruption of gCTie-vre, Fr. a juniper-berry] a fpiritusus liquor di« ftiUed from juniper-berries. GENIAL, Aflj. [getiialis, Lat.] that which contributes to propagation. " The^««;j/bed." Par. Lojl. That which cherifhes, fupports life, or caufes chearfulnef-. " So much I find my ^ema/fpirits droop." Mi't. Natural, or native. '• Natural ii'capaciiy, ai\i genitl III difpofition.'' Bto-ivne, GE'NIALLY, .Huv. p^lv; chiirfully. GEN I'CUL ATED, Adj' {genkuiatus, Lat. J inBot-nv, kiLittcd, or joir-vr'j. GE'NlO, S. [It.l. ot gemu!, Lat.] aper- on of a particuia'- tun. or mind; the turn, d;ipor!f.an,- or c^ff of mind. " Some gemos are not capable of pure, .fiettion." 7flf/<r, No. 53. GE'NITALS, S. [not ufed in the fingular, of gerntalis, Lat. J the parts contributing to generation, GE'NITING, S. [a corruption of janetort, Fr. fignifyinj; 'Jane, (uppofed to be fo called in honour of I'.me lady of that name] an ear- ly apple gatliered in June. GE'NITIVE, Adj, [genetif, Ft. genithw, Lat. J in Grammar, one of the fix cjies, by winch property or pofiefllon is chiefly implied. GE'NIUS, S. [Lat. genie, Fr.J i fuppofed proteding or ruling power or men, pl<icc9, i>r things ; a perfon endowed with larulri^g Superior to another ; a perfection of under- flaniling ; a difpofition by which any perfon • s by n^ttute qualified or inclined to any par- ticular fcience or employment; nature or difpofition. GENTE'EL, Adj. [genfi/, Fr.] polite, or elegant in behaviour or addrels ; graceful or elegant in mien, GENTE ELY, .'Vdv. according to the rulei of polite breeding ; elegantly j gracefully j handfonflely. GEN'llAN, S. [gentian, Fr. gentiana, Lat. J -.11 Bi.tany, fcllworc. It is ranged by i-'inn;cus in the fe'ond fe<fl. of his fifth cla's; and 1 y Tuurneiort in the third fed. of his firfl dill'. G 6. 4 GEN- GEN GENTIA'NELLA, S. a kIn;J of blue co- lour. GENTI'LE, S, [gentUis, Lat,] one who woifhips idols, or f^lfe gods ; a perfon of rank. " Ladies and getiiiles." Tujf. GENTILE'SSE, S. [Fr.J complaifance ; the ceremony and addrefs of polite behaviour ; civility. " Her complaifance and gentileffe." Hud. GENTI'LISM, S. [gemllifme, Fr.] the worlhip oi the heathens ; idoUtry. GENTILI'TIOUS, Adj. [ge>:;:Iitlus, L«t.] belonging to, or charafteriftic of a particular nation. " An unfavoury odour is gentiliiious unto the Jews." Brcwn. Hereditary ; entailed on a family. " A gentilhious difpofition of body." Arhuth. GENTI'LITY, S. {genuliti, Fr.] good extrattion ; dignity of birth ; the clafs of thofc who are well born. GEN'TLE, Adj. igentUh, Lat.] of an ancient and good family ; pronounced in con- verfation genteel in this fenfe. " Our noble and o-«r?.V youth." Milt. Mild; tame; not eafily provoked, applied to the temper. Soofh ing or pacifying. " This fenfe firft gentle njufic found," Davies. GENTLE, S. a perfon of a good family ; a gentleman. " Gentles, methinksyou frown." Sbak. A kind of worm fomewhat like a maggot, ufed for a bait in fi/hing, GEN'TLEFOLK, S. perfons diflinguiflied, by their birth, from the vulgar. GEN'TLEMAN, S. [of gentk, from gen- til, Fr. and wan, thus we meet with gentil- tomme, Fr. gcnt]lhuen:o, Ital. ;. e. homo genti- iis, Lat. j a perfon of a good family ; one laifed above the vulgar ; a perfon who, to a good birth, and affluent fortune, has joined the qualifications of polite addrefs, and a vir- tuous condudl. GEN'TLENESS, S. foftnefs, mildnefs ; fweetnefs, ^ GEN/TLEVVOMAN, S. a woman of birth, or one fuperior to the vulgar, both in wealth and behaviour. GEN'TLY, Adv. foftly ; flowly ; kindly. GEN'TRY, S. [from gentle, whence ^fn- tlery contracted to gentry] a rank of perlons between the nobility and the vulgar. GE'NUFLEXION, S. [Fr. of genu, Lat. a knee, zndjleSio, Lat. to bendj trie aft of bending the knee j worfhip, or adoration ex preded by bending the knee. GE'NUJNE, Adj. {genuinus, Lat.] pure, cr without any fpurious mi.xturc ; natural; true ; real. GE'NUINELY, Adv. without adulierati- on } naturally. GE'NUINENESS, S. freedom from any thing counterfeit, or from any adulteration j purity! GENUS, S. [Lat.] in Logic, a clafs of beings, or one common nature agreeing to, and ccmpreheoding under it many (peci;'s> GEO or feveral other common natures ; thus ttnU tnjl, is z genus, becaufe it agrees to, and com- prehends under it, the feveral fpccies of men, hor^'cs, whales, lions, (S^c. Logicians diftin- guifh it into jummum and Jubabernum. Ir» Botany, a fyftem or aflemblage of feveral plants agreeing in fome one or more common charaflers, in refpeil to certain parts, where- by they are dillinguifhed from all other plants. GEO'GENTRIC, Adj. {geocentnque, Fr. from yyf, Gr. the earth, and xsvt^ov, Gr. a center] in Aftronomy, having the fame cen- ter with the earth. GEOD^E'SIA, S. [geoJeJIe, Fr. ysoh.nriA, of J'H, the earth, and Jaia, Gr. to divide] that part of praftical geometry, which teaches to meafure furfaces, and to find the contents of all plane fiijiires. GEOD.^'TICAL, A<^j. relatmg to the art of meafuring land or furfaces. GEO'GRAPHER, S. [ge^grcph, Fr. of yr>, the earth, and y^afv, Gr. to defcribcj' one who can defcribe the earth according to the pofnion of its feveral parts, and is Ikilled both in making maps, the ufe of the globes^ and the fituation and extent of the feveral countries in the world. GEOGRA'PHICAL, Adj. [geograph'qut, Fr.] belonging to geography. GEOGRA'PHICaLLY, Aiv. In the manner, or according to the rules of geo- graphv. GE'OGRAPHY, S. In a firia fenfe, the knowledge of the circles of theeaithly globe, and the fituation of the various countries on its fuifacc. In a more extenfive fenfe, it takes in a knowledge of the feas alfo ; and in its larpeft fenfe, a knowledge of the various cufloms, habits, and governments of nations ; the figures, magnitude, motion, and the different flrata and produft, of its foil ; the various animals of different countries ; their climates, feafons, heat, -weather, together with the art of hying their various appear- ances down in maps, charts, &c. GEO'LOGY, S. [from yy., the earth and >.oy^, Gr. adifcourfe] the doflrine or know- ledge of the natuie and ftate of the e»r!h. GEO'MANCER, S. one who pretends to tell future events. GEO'M ANTIC, Adj. belonging to geo- j mancv, or formed by a geomancer. CEO'METER, S. [geometre, Fr. j-n, the earth, and ijht^bv, Gr. to meafure] one ikill- ed in the principles of geometry. GEO'METRAL, Adj. [Fr.] pertaining or relating to gei.metry, GE'GMETRJC, or GEOMET-'RICAL, Adj. [geometnque, Ft. ym/.iBT^tx'^, Gr.J be- longing to, prelciibed, laid down by, or dif- poled accordine to the principles of geometry. GEO'METRICALLY, Adv. according to the rules of geometiv. GEOMETRI'CiAn, S. See Cemeter. To G E R ToGEO'METRIZE, V. N. [j/ii',ue!;-£«, Gr. j to perfoi m or aft according to the prin- ciples of geome;ry. " Confined herfclf to geemeirixey Boy'e, GEO'METRY, S. [gcon-.etrie, Fr, of -/», the eaiih, and /xiT^ja, Ur. meafure] the art of meafuring the earth, or any diftances thereon : at prefent ufed for the fcience of quantity, extenfion, or magnitude, confider- ed in themfehes, and without any regard to matter. It is divided into fpeculati've and fraSikal. GEO'RGE, S. [pronounced Jorge, Geor- ?lus, Lat.J the figure of Sr. George on horfe- back, worn by the knights of the garter as an enfign of their order. GEOR'GIC, S. [georgi^ue, Fr. of j/m, the earth, and ^eyrj, Gr. workj feme part of the fcience uf hufbindry put into a pleafing drefs, and fet off with ail the beauties and embel- liihmer.ts of po^^try, GER'FALCON, S. a bird of prey, in (ize between a vulture and a hawk, and of the greateft fl:renerh next to the eagle. Bulky. GER'MAN, S. Igenra'.n, Fr. gcrmanus, Lat.J a bro.ther J 0ne approaching to a bro- ther in iiearnefs of^ tisod ; generally applied to the children of brothers and fillers, who are called ccujim gentians. GE'RM AN, Adj. [gcrmanus, Lat.] related, *' Thofe that -arc gcrman to him, though fifty times removed." ^hak. GERMA'NDER, S. [germanJre, Fr,] in Pbtaqy, a plant, called in Latin, teucr'tam, from K. Teucer, who was the firft that jbrought it into ufe. GER'MANY, empire of, a very confi- derable country of vaft extent, and the fcene of m<iny great actions, whofe affairs are interwoven with thofe of every nation in \. Europe. Germany is bounded on the W. by the dominions of France and the Low- Countries, from which it is feparated by the rivers Rhine, Mofelle, and Maefe ; on thr E. by Poland and Hungary, including Bohe- mia j 0.1 the N. by Denmark and the Baltic fea ; and on the S. by Switzerland, the do- minions of the ftate of Venice, and the Alps, which divide it from Italy. It lies betv^een lat. 45 deg. 12 min. and ^5 deg. N. and be- tween long. 6 deg. and 19 deg. 45 min. be- ing from N. to S. that is, from Strahlfund in Pomerania, to the frontiers of Carniola and Iftri.i, 6ooEnpliih miles; and in breadth, from the town of Spa in the W. to the con- fines of Poland in ttc E. about 500. It is faid to be three times and a half larger than England, a filth bigger than France, and as large as Poland and Sweden. Germany is modly level towards the N. and E. the foil being a barren fand, or m^rfhy. On the S. it is incumbered with the Alps ; but in the midland is an intermixture of hills ami dales, corn fields, and meadow-grounds, e(- pecialljr on ths banks of its liveis, namely, G E R the Rhine, Danube, feV. where the air Ts at. lb very temperate ; but the northern parts are cold, and conlequently Icfs fruitl'iil. The feafons are more conftant and regular here than i.i the countries which confine on, or lie in the ocean. In thofe provinces next the fea, gnd abounding with lakes and rivers, there is plenty of rain ; in other parts are fometimes fo];fiderab)e droughts. The N. wind from the Baltic and Sweden brings froft and fnow j the eafierii bla.ls, ct^ming over a va.l continent from China and Japan, bring dry unhealthy weather 3 but t.ie S. \V. wind, as with us, is the rrioft ficquenc and falubrious that blow.s in Gernnany, In general, this country and Poland are like Great-Britain both in climate and foil. B-- fides great plenty of corn, caitle, fhe:-p, wool, cloth, horfes, fiili, &c. the earth aliqrds alfo metals and minerals, as iron, bitumen, ochre, copper, tin, lead, and filver i;i fome place;, alum, viiriol, quickfilvcr, felt, coal, ^c. Though in fome parts hilly, it is no whers mountainous, except towards the S. and S. W, where the Alps and fome mountains in Alface fer\c as bulwarks againft Italy, and France. The forefts and waftes yield plen- ty of wcod for fuel and building, wild fo'•^"^, all forts of venifon, (^c. They alfo feed vaft numbers of hojs, and the Ardcnne io- reft good mutton. The rivers and lakes abound in variety of good fifli. The orchards are full ot common tiuit-trees; and in th^ louthern provinces there is plenty of the more delicate fort, The^ have rich wines, of which, partrcularly of Rhenifii and Mo- felle, vafl quantities are exported. The very mountains of the Alpo, on the German fide, are in many places cultivated to the top, and the valleys abound with paflures and vineyards ; fo that ro country h"s fo great a variety of every thing conducive to the com- forts of life ; and would have ftill more pro- duifls, and in greater perfedtion, weie there due encouragement for hulbandry, and their great men were not fo exceffively fond of fo- reign luxury, particularly wines j fo that Germany exports lefs, and imports more, than any other country perh::p! in the worjd. Though the wines in many parts ot Gemu- ny are rich enough, others are f.-iall mi, /ha.-p : and where no wines are, they hav« exiellcnt beer. The trade of the ciiiis oa the Rhine and Mofelle confiftj p incipalljr in wood, corn, wine, and oil : but tlie traf- fic of mod of them have failed fincc the ef- Jablifliment of the Dutch republic. The chief commodities which we have fr>im them aic linen, diaper, and damaflc, of wliich many thoiifand ells are im^'oned every week by I he way of Hamburgh, They have alfo from us, confiderable' quantities of buttons, bukles, fciflars, and the like trinkets, with which Nuremburg and Au^'fb irg for- merly fuoplicd, not only Giraiany, but like- G E R G E n likewife England, and mod ether countries, which waters are imported Into Engl^QtJ ^ Our waiches, though the Germans aie I'o famous for deck work, and once folely in poficlfion of it, they prefer to their own. 5>everal places of this country, tha: lay wafte formerly, are now improved by tillage, m. ■ nufa£lures, and trade car:icd on by compa nles of French prottftantj, who have letrled here fince the revocation of the cdift of Nantz. Their rivers, pariicuhirly the Rhiif; yield gold-duft niiced with the fand. '1 he money of moft nations in Europe is current here, and goes at a good value ; the moft common gold coin are Louis-d'ors and du cats. The rix-dollar, which is true flerlinj, IS equal to 43* 6d. Englifii ; a German florii it equal to our half crown ; a fpecie crown anfwers totheEnglifh crown, but a crown current only to 3s. 6d. No country h.s fuch a variety of coin, and tbit dipt and a- dulterated, as Germany j which is no fmali difadvantage to trade, and very fenfibly finks the value of land. Every circle in Germany has mines of vitriol and fulphur, like coal- jpits ; But thefe are feldom above twenty fa- thoms deep, and their copper mines feldom above forty, the produce of which may be about 2oo,oool. two ihirdS'of which are ex- ported unwrought. The tin mines here are reckoned the beft in the wor'd, and thofe of iron and lead, inferior only to the S vedifh. Their iron is much better th^n the EnglHh, and near moft of their mines are forges for cafting guns, &€• at which the Germans are very expert. In Germany, and but feldom any where elfe, is found that fort of earth called terra fglUata, or lemnia, as being brought from the ifle of Lemnos. It is a hard earth, with white, yellow, or red veins, faid to be an antidote againft poifons. In Bavaria, Tyrol, Liege, &c. are good marble- quarries. And for all kinds of precious ftones, this country furpafles moft others in Europe. A remarkable natural curiofi'.y, peculiar to Germany, is the fchiefFerftein, a blackifh glittering kind of ftone, or Hit, which melt- ed and brayed, yields copper and fome filver. No country in Europe, perhaps in the whole world, has fo many noble river?', t'ne pr>n cipal of which are the Danube, Rhine, iVIo- felle,Maefe,Elb, Oder, Wefer, Aller, Maine, and IriB, oV. by all which an immenfe trade might be carried on, were the induftry of the inhabitants equal to their natural advantages. Wiih regard to falutary fountains and baih?, there are not fo many in all Europe as in Germany alone, there being no part of the country without them ; fo that there are rec- koned to be about 1000 fpiings of acid waters only ; fome hot, fome cold, and others that are both hot and cold at diticrcnt times. ^ Ol the hot ipriiigs there are innumerable fpecies 5 but of the ve:y cold there are not many. Thti'e fprifig from their mountains ; and the belt are thofe at Pyrmont, great quantities ot alfo the Diediciial waters at Baden, Aix-la Chajielle, C£.'f. 1 he Germans cla'm the inJ vcntion of printing ; but this the Dutcii cowteft vith them : this however was found out in the year 1440. The invention pf ■ Ui^uowder is proo^bly iheiis, by friar Barthold Sc-hwarvz : a cbemical preparatioa mixed with falt-petre and brimftone in a cru- cible, accidentally catching fire, gave him the hint. This happened about 1330; though lome of our Englifh writers fay, that friar Roger Bacon of Oxford invented it an hun- dred years before. They in general are al- lowed to be excellent mechanics and chemifts t "et among the latter have arofe feveral pre- teiders to the grand elixir or magiftery j the lalf.ty of whole claims to th..t difcovery hath been often publickly dece£led : as among the forme.-, feveral projedtors have pretended to have found out the perpetual motion ; but that has been found to be an impofition alfo. They have brought clock-work, watches, Ivvords, locks, and fire-arms, to a very great perfeftion. The manufsftures of tin-plates, or that commonly called white-iron, they hiive entirely monopolized. They are reput- ed good painters, engravers, enamellers, cha- fers, or relievo-figure workers, and engineers. Their foreign trade they carry on by the ri- vers above-mentioned, and the Baltic, more particularly from Hamburgh, Lubsck, Bre- men, Stetin, &c. and by land with Italy, Switzerland, France, and Holland. The Germans in general are warlike, robuft, hardy, and brave, well-fhaped, tall, and ftur- dy 5 and both gentry and commonalty are very fond of the army. Their country is often the feat of war, as in 1762, the men covering the face of it like legions of locufts, in the numerous bodies and combined ftrength of the Empire, France, Auftria, Sweden, Ruf- lia, t^c.'agaiaft the King of PrufTia, and his .lilies of England, Hanover, Hefle, Brunfwic, &c. The clergy are generally good fcholars, folemn prcichers, and folid writers, particu- larly in morality or divinity, though fome- tirnes too prolix j and th y are affable to ilrangers. GERME, S. [Yi.gemien, Lat.] a fprout or fhoot ; that part which grows and fpreads. In Botany that part of a flower or plant which contains the feed. GER'MEN, S. {germen, Lat. J a young fprout or fhoot ; a fhooting or fprouting feed. " All verniers fplit at once." Shak. To GER'MINaTE. V. N. [germinatus, of germtKO, Lat.] to fprout, bud, fhoot, or grow. GERMINA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of fhooting or fprouting 5 growth. GE'RUND, S. [gerundium, Lat. gerondif, Fr. J in the Latin gramm<ir, a verbal noun t-'^di.Tg in d'ty do, and dum, or governing cafes like a verb. In Englifli, we iiave no terunds. GES'TA- en o feESTA'TiONj S. [gspiict ^at.] the lift of bearing the voling in the \Vomb. To GESTl-'CULATEj V. N. fgefticulatas, bi g^'fikulofy hit. gi-Jiiculer, Fr.j to make odd gefture: ; to play antic tricks. GESTll'CULATiON, S. [Fr. gejiicuiaito, Lat.j the throwing the afms and limbs about in odd and antic poftures ; an odd pofturei GESTURE, S. [gejie, Fr. gejius, Lat.j the poftures or attitudes expreflive ot a per- fon's fentiments ; any movenaent or motion of the body. To GE'STURE, V. N. to accompany one's delivery with aftion, attitude, or mo- tion of the body. " It is not orderly read, nor ^£/?;/r?^as befeeiWeth." Hooker, To GJET, V. A. to procure, or acquire ; to obtain by force or feizure } to attain by fuccefs ; to win ; to poffefs ; to beget j to acquire; to gain j to earn by labour and pams ; to learn; " Get by heart the more common and ufeful words." Watti. To get off, to fell or difpole of by fome artifice or expe- dient. To get in, tofoiceor find a paff-ige. To bcif me by ;iny a£> whdt one was not be- fore. " Bathes «nc1 ^f/j drunk." Diyd. To get off, to efcjpe Hanger. To get over, to fur jmcun;, or conquer j to extricate one's felf from any ob(?acle or impediment which bin- ders tfom artion, or involves the mind in prr- plexiry. To get up, to rife from a Cen, or a bed. GET'TER, Si one tnat procures or obtains tone whi) begers. GE PTING) S. the ;><£> of obtaimng. Ih Commerce, gain ot profit. GEW'GaW, S. [givaghaw, Brit, to be fempty, Gegaf, trifles) a fho^^y, emoty trifle] a bauble, or fplendid nlay thing. GEW'GAW, Adj. fplendidly trifling ; though fhoivv and gaudy, yet of no value. GHAS'TFUL, Ad;, [o'i gaji, Sax. and/a/, Sax.] dreary , oilmal ; melancholy. GHAST'LINESS, S. horror appearing on the countenance } difmal palenefs ; like a ghoft. GHAST'LY, Adj. like a ghoft ; with hor- ror and dread painted on the countenance : dreadful; horrible; /hocking. GHASTNESS, S. \Szt gbajlilincfs.] "Do ■you perceive the ghafnefs of the eye." Shak. GHER'KIN, S. fgurckc, Teut. a cucum- ber] a pickled cucumber." Skinner. GHOST, S. Igaji, Sax. a foul, fpeftre, or fpirit. 'Ghe_,^, Belg. gryji, Teut.j the foul of man ; a fpirit or fpeftre, feen after the death of a perfon. When joined with holy, it implies the third perfon of the Holy Tri- nity, (5therwife termed the Spirit, as this word like wife fignifies. To giz'C tip the ghoji, is to expire ; to die ; or to yield our foul into the hands of him that gave it. To GHOST, V. A. to appear to a perfon after death ; to haunt. " Julius CxCar- who at Philippi, the good Brutus p-/.o?.i." GHO'StLINESs, S. fpiritualnefi ; tke <lua!itv reiat ng to the fpirit or to the foul. | GHO/STL.Y, Adj. fpiritua!, or relating to the foul. GI'ANT, S. \geant, '^x. gig&i, Sax. LaC. and Gr. of j/u, tOe earth, and, ysvvaa*, Gr. to beget, being ufually called the fons of the earth] a peifon of uncommon height of fta- I fture ; it is noted that the ideas of pride, brutality, and wickcdnefs, are afll^iciated with this word, both in out own language and that of fcriptiire. Gl'ANTESS, S. [of giant, and tffe, a f«. rtiinine termination from the Saxons j a womaa ot more than natural hi-'ight ; a woman taller than the rsft of her fex naturally are. GI.ANT LIKE, or GIANTLY, Ad]. refembling a giant in tillnefs ; any thing of enormous bulk, or exceeding great. To GIE'BER, V. N. [from jahher, ac- coiding to JuhnfonJ to fpeakinan inarticulate or unintelligiale manner. GiB'^BERiSH, S. cant: the private lan- guage of rogues, gypfies, ^c. Words derived from no language, and having no meaning. GIB'EET, S. lVugu\beta,\ Ital. a gallows; or a crols-poft whereon malefadors are exe- cuted, or hung in chains ; any perpendicular beams croffsd at the top. To GIB'BET, V. A. to hang or expofe on a gibbet ; to hang upon a beam, which crofles another, ftanding upright. ' GIBBO'SITY, S. Igibbofite, Fr.] the quality of nfing in a bump, or a protuberance, above toe reft of a furface ; a prominence ; convexity. «' The ^i/i/^s/ry of the interjacent water " Ray. GIB'BOJS, S. [gvbeux, Fr. gibbus, Lat.j fweiling or riling a.-ove the other parts of a furtice ; convex; rifingin knobs. To GIBE, V. N [gaber, old Fr.] to fneer in a contemptuous manner ; to deride j to mock ; to treat with fcorn ; to taunt ^^SE. S. a taunt ; fneer, or expreflion of ridicule joined with contempt. GIBER, S. a Ineererj one who ridicules or fiieers ar another. Gl BINGLY, Adv. In a contemptuous ridiculing, or fneerine manner. GIB'LET, S. [gibwt, Sax. J theofl^al parts of a fswl, particularly thofe of a duck or goofe, which are cut off before they are roafted, confifting of the head or neck, part ' of the wings, gizzard, heart, liver, and legs. GIB'RALTAR, S. a famous fea-port and fortrefsof Andalufia, in Spain, at the mouth of the Streights of its name, lymg between the Atlantic ocean, and the Mediterraneaa fea. The Moors call it Gebel-Tarif that is, the mount of Tarif, a Moorifh general, who about the eighth century landed here, with three African princes, in order to conquer Spain ; from which its prel'ent name feems compounded. It is the Calpe or Calpia of the antients, as being fituated at the foot of the G I B the famous mountain of that name, tbe wtftern boundary of the earth, or the place where Hercules put up one of his pillars, and fixteen miieiN. of Avjla or Ceuta, the other, on the oppofite fhore of Africa. The rown of Gibraltar is neither large nor beautiful ; yet on account ot its fortifications is reckon- ed the key of Spain, and is furnifhed wiih the necelTary artillery for its defence. It i.- built upon a rock, in a peninfula, to which, on the hnd-fide, is only a narrow pafTage be- tween the rock and the fea, but that walled and fortified both by ait and nature, being there fo indofed by high fteep hills, as to be almoft inacceiTible that way. It hath but two gates on that fide, and as many tov/aros the fea. Acrofs this Ifihmus the Spaniards have drawn a fortified line, in order to pre vent the garrifon of Gibraltar from having any intercourfe with the country : yet they carry on a clandeftine trade. Its harbour is formed by a bulwark properly fortified. In July, 1704, the confederate fleet of thsEng G I L I'everal notorious oppreflions have bjen cnm- mittei by our militny governors of Gibral- tar, who ufed to exadl, and do what they plea'ei], rhc parlisTient, after a narrow in-- i| e£tion into the aft\ir, have ereded the town intii a body corporate, the civil power bein^ nnw lodged in its nnagiftrates. "It lies forty miles S. W. of Cadiz, and eighty S. of Se- ville. Lit. 36 deg. 21 min. N, long. 6 deg. 13 min. W. GID'DILY, Adv. the appearance of external things turning round, though at reft, with a fvvimrr.ing in the head. Figu- ratively, without fteadinefj, or forethought } ra!hly. GID'DY, Adj. Ighl-, Sax.] having a fw'mming in th? head, whereby external things, though at refl, feem to tern round; changeable ; inccnftant ; unfteady 5 heedlefs ; ebted too much with foccefs or praife. GID'DY- BRAINED, Adj. carelefs 9 thoughtlefs ; raili ; or undertaking a thing without weighing its confequences. lifli and Dutch, under the command of Sir George Rooke, after bombarding the town for two days, obliged the matquis de Salines, who was then the governor, to furrender. The Spaniards attempted its recovery that fame year, when it flood out a memoiab'e fiege under the prince of Hefle Darmftadt. Upon which occafion about 4 cr 500 of the enemy having in the night crept up the rock ■which covers the town, were driven down headlong next niorning. The Spaniards finding that neither fieges nor negotiations availed any thing, ceded it to Great- Britain by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713. They a- gain made an aneinpt in 1727; hut were obliged to raife the fiege, after lying before It feveral inonths. At this time they at- tempted to blow up the rock, but found it impracticable ; and to this day it contir.ues in the pcfTelTion of the Engliih. Since that tisne it has been more ftrcngly fortified, new works and improverpents being daily added to it ; fo that the place js rendered impreg- nable by any other means, than treachery or furprize (for ftarved it cannot be, whilfl our fleet can fupply 'n).\ Hence the Spaniards only become ridiculous in attempting it by formal fieges. Here are people of all nations, as Turks, Jews, and Moors. The garrifon is confined within very narrow limits, the ground of which prcduces hardly any thing ; fo that all their provifions are brought them either from England, or from Ceuta on the Barbary coafl. The road of Gibraltar is neither fafe againft an enemy nor Hcrms, and is not convenient for rclitiing of vefiels, though they may be laid 011 their fides for careening. The ftreights are twenty-fi.ur miles long, and about fifteen broad ; through which f»ts a curient frcm the Atlantic ocean into the Mediterranean, and for the ftem- ming of it, a bii/k gale is required. Since face of any body with gold ; a coin valued from GID'DY-HEADED,Adj.withoutthought, cau'ion, fteadinefs, or conftancy. GID'DV-PACED, Adj. moving like one that has a fwimming in the head ; rafh ; heed- lefs ; thoughtlefs. ':' Of thefe more brifk ind gidJy paad t\aii:s," Sbak. GIFT, S. [Sax.' glof, Ifl. gafa, Run.] fornethinj bellowed on another without price or exchange ; the aft of giving. When ap- plied to the Deity, an offering, or oblation. Any power, or peculiar talent and faculty, fq called becaufe given, or implanted in pur nature, not acquired by aft. *' He who has the f//t cr ridicule." S/jeSi, No. 291. Gif'TED, Adj. given, or bellowed ; not acquired by labour. '' With my heaven gifted ftrength." Mi!;. Endpwed with extraordi- nary powers. GIG, S. [h:gf!, Teut. hghel, Belg.aball,] a fmall top made of horn, which is kept fpinning by whipping it with a thong. GIGAN'TIC, S. [gigantis, genitive of g'gcis, Lat.] refcrabiing a giant ; of an enor- mous fizs. Figuratively, exceedingly wicked. ^o GIG'GLE, V. N. [the ^ is pro- nounced hard] to be inclined to laugh j ip laugh at trifles. GIG'LER, S. [thesis pronounced hard] one who burfts into laughter at the leaft L.'ifle ; one verv much inclined to laughter. GIG'LET, S. [gcag.'. Sax. geyf, Beif. gi'- !ct, Scot.J a wanton, lafcivious girl. " To be the pillage of a |-.-^fo wench." Shah, . GKGOT, S. [?:. gigotto, Ital.] the hip joint. To GILD, V. A. [preter g^UcJ,,(yc glh] to wjffii over with liquid, or cover with lea ~ gold ; to brighten. 7a gild oi^cr, to recom- mend a thing, or hide its defers by fome ad- ditional ornament. GILDER, S. one who covers the fur- G I N from one (hilling and fix pence to two fliIU!ng!= irvm ghie/d, Din.gelJ, Teut. ir.oney. GILDING, S. gold hid or ftutk on any furface, by way of ornament j the adt ot co vering with gold. GILL, S. [^;7, Ifl. a cleft, or chink, aga!- la, Span, gula, Lat.j the apertures on each fide of the head of a fiili, which they breaths through infiead of their mouths. The rect flap which hangs down from Uie be^k of a fowl i or flefhy excrefcence under the chin of a man ; a liquid mealure, containing the fourth part ol a pint ; a woman or temale companion. " Each ^aC/4 with his ^iV/." Ben Jovjon. In Botany, the plant calli-d ground- ivy. Likewife ale wherein ground-ivy hath been fteeped. GIL'LV-FLOWER, S. [corrupted from 'July -fioivtr , focdlled Irom the month it blows inj in Botany, the d'lanihui, under which ge- nus are included pinks, carnations, and the fweet-william. GILT, S. [from gild\ gold laid on any furface. Figuratively, golden /hew or fple.i dor. *' When thou wail in thy gilt ind thy perfume." GILT, Part, of ^iW. GIM, Adj. \_gim. Sax. a jewel, or pre- cious Hone] neat ; fpruce ; well dreffed j an ■ old word, which feems now reviving. GIM'CRACK, or GliVICRANK, S. any machine more curious than uiet'ul. GIM'LET, S. a borer with a kind of worm er fcrew a: the end. GIM'MER, S. [See Gimmal] a movement^ a part of a machine ; machinery. " The gi)7'.-i:ers of the woiid hold together, not Jo much by geometiy, as natural magic." More. GiMP, S. a kind of filk-t will, or open hce. GIN, S. j contradled from engine] a trap or fnare ; a pump worked by wheels ; a diflilled liquor drawn from juniper- berries, &c, con- trafted from Ger.e-oa. GIN'GER, S. \gtr.gcro, xcizero, gengif.r^ Six. gengebro, or zenz,erc, IvA. gir.gembre, fr. zinziber, Lat] an aromatic root, of a yellow colour, a very hot and pungent tafte, ul'ed in cookery as a fpice, by apothecaries as a medi- cine. In Botany, it is filled by Linnaius the amov.-Am. GIN'GKREREAD, S. a kind of bread made of flour fweeiencd with treacle, and mixed with ginger and aromatic feeds. GIN'GERLY, Adv. [g'ngre, Sjx. younger; becaufe weaker than thofe who are more ad- vanced in years] in a fort, tender, cautious, and llow manner. GIN'GERNESS, S. c?,utIon, tendernefs, or flightnefs in hintiling, for fear of hurting or (oiling : niccnefs. GIN'GIVAL, Adj. [glngrja, Lat. the gums] belonging to the gmiis. *' The ex- clulivc sppul'e^ efpecisliy '.he gingi-rja!," HJ. G I R To GIN'GLE, V. N. [formed from the found] to have a fiiarp^noife, applied to that made by feveral pieces ot money Ihook toge- ther ; to fliake pieces of money or metal toge- ther, fo as to make them found. GIN'GLE, S. the found made by feveral pieces of money or metal fhook together ; the lound made by feveral words or periods ending with the fame letters or fyllabks. GIN'NET, S. [y.iy^, Gr.] a nag, a muicy ' or degenerated breed. From hence fome derive hut erroneoufly, a Spanifh gennet, improperly written for ginr.et. GINGL'YMUS, S. [Lat. yiy^WfA.'^, Gr. a hinge] in Anatomy, a kind of articulation, or joint, whofe motion refembles that of a hinge. GIP'SY, S. [corrupted from Egyptian] a vagabond, of a natural particular dark com- plexion, who pretends to tell future events by palmeftry or phyfiognomy. figuratively uled to imply a perfon of a dark complexion j or a woman of great craftinefs and cunning. GIRA'SOLE, S. \glrajy, Fr.] in Botany, the herb turnfole. In Jewelling, the opal (tone. To GIRD, V, A. {^rtlzr girded ; or gin'] To bind round ; to fatten by binding round ; to invert-, or clothe ; to inclofe ; to incircie j " The Nyfcian ifle — girt with the river Tri- ton." Par. Rig. GIRD, S. actwitch, or pang, alluding to the pai.T or fenfation caufed by a girdle drawn tight on a fudden. " Confcience by this means is treed from many itiduX girds aad twinges, which the atheift feels." ■T'dlorJ, GIR'DER, S. in Architedure, the iargeS piece of timber on a floor ; its ends are laft- ened into the furrmers or brcait-fummers, and fupport the joills, which art framed into It. GIR'DLE, S. {gerdl, gyrdl, Sax. gerdel, Belg. guriel, Teut.J any thing or bandage drawn round the waift, and tied or buckled j an inclofure or circumference. " Within the girdle of thde walls." SLtk. The equator, agreat circle furrour.ding the world fke a girdle. " Under zht girdle of tht world.''' Buc. To GIR'DLE, V. A. to encompafs aftd furround as with a girdle. "The gentle babes girdling one another." Sbak, To inclofe, *ut in, or environ. " O thoa wall — thac gird'efl in thofe wolves." Shak. GiR/DL£BELT, S. a belt worn round the waift, GIR'DLER, S. one who makes belts or girdles. GIRL, S. a young female, or woman ; applied to one who is playful, giddy, and > thoughtlefs, not arrived to years of difcretion, or not ailing with that referve which a perfon of difcretion ought. GIR'LISH, Adj. like a girl, or one who is not arrived to yesrs of difcretion j wanton, playful; or giddy, GIR'LISHLY, G L A _ GIR'LISHLY, Adj. in a wanton, playful, giddy, or thoughtlefs manner, applied to fe- males. GIRT, participle paflive of Gird. To GIRT, V. A, [from ghd. Johnfon fays it is an improper wordj to gird ; to fur- round or encircle. GIRT, S. [from girt, the verb, ot gird, gurt, Belg.j ? band wliirh goes under or round a horfe's belly, and faftens the faddle, or a burthen on its back. In Surgery, a cir- cular bandage with a bolder in the middle. " The moft common bandage is by that of thtgirtJ"' Wijern. GIRTH, S. [from gi>-d, the verb] the band by which the faddle is faftened upon a horfe ; the circumference or meafure of a psrfon's waift. To GIRTH, V. A. to put on or bind with a girth. To GIVE, V. A. [preter. gave, participle paflive, fiw«] to prefent, or confer on an- other without receiving any thing in ex- change ; to tranfmit, communicate, or im- part from one's felf to another by hand, fpeech, or writing j to aflign ; to put into a perfon's poffeflion ; to confign. Ta gwe for, to exchange one thing for another, To gii-e ear, to liften, or attend to what a perfon fays, " Where he gave no Mr." £ac. To gi-vc way, to yield without refifiance, or denial. To offer. " To g:-ve no offence." Burnet. Ufed with to, to addift, apply, or habituate. " Gii'en to pleafiite." Bac-jn, Ufed with away, to makeover, to tiansfer to another. Joined to eut, to proclaim, publifh, or ut- ter ; to fpread a falfe rcpoit or rumour. Uied with up. to refign, quit, yield, ab:;ndon, or deliver To groio n.-oifi j to melt j to thaw. Ufed with in, to retreat ; to give way ; to go back. " The Scots battalion was forced to gi-ve in.^' Hayiu. Ufed with into, to com- ply with ; to ai?«nt to ; to yield to. Uied with cff, to ceafe. Ufed with o^'er, to ceafe from an aft. lo gi-ve out, to ceafe from a conteit J to yiei<<. Ufed v/:th 'SUay, or place, to yield without refiftance ; to fall baclj or make room, GIV'ER, S. one that lets another have a thing without receiving any thing in return. GIZ'ZARD, S. [gefer, Fr. --.rw, L.nt.J a ftrong mufculous ftomach in bir>ls, wherein their meat, by means of flones v.'hich they fwallow, is ground in pieceF, as in a mill. To grumble in the gixixaid, is applied to thoie who are dilVatisfied or difcontented. GLACIA'TION, S. [gIaci:,L3:,ict,g!i;- ccr, Fr.] the aft of turning into ice; ice. " Hail, which is alfo a gljciation.'" Brcifr., GLA'CJS, S. [Fr.j in fortification, a flopir.g b:nk. GLAD, Adj. [glade, mad, ^zx, glad, Daji. gladur. Run. gladd(, prcter of gled, l^- to rcjo.cej chesriul j gay j lejoicir.g Kt fomtj g.jod which ha» hajiftutd, f ;g(jrstive!j', ' GL A ufed for any thing which appears fertlls, oright, or ihewy. •• The folitary place Ihall beg/ad tor them." Ifai, xxxv, To GLAD-'DEN, V, A. to cheer; to af- left with a fenfa-ion of pleafure or delig'^t. GLAD'DER, S. one who raifes delight and pleafure, " Thou gladder of the mount of Cytheron," D'yd, GLADE, S. iglad, Dan.] a lawn or opening in a wood ; a palYagc through a wood made by lopping off the branches of trees. GLA'DEN, or GLA'DER, S. [gladius, Lat.J fwordgrafs. In Botany, a general name of plants with a broad blade. GLADIA'TOR, S. [Lat. ghdeateur, Fr.] a perfon who ufed to fight with a noked fword in the public ftiews at Rome. Figuratively, a prize fighter j or fword player. GLAD'LY, Adv. in a joyful or chearful manner. GLA'DNESS, S. a fenfation of joy or de- light anfing at the profpeft of fuccefs, cr the aftual poffellion of good. GLAD'bOME, Adj. delighted ; pleafed. GLAD'SOMELY, Adv. with fome fenfa- tion of delight or ple?fure. GLAD'SOIVIENESS, S. gaiety; a flight fenfation of joy or delight. GLAIRE, S. [glare, Sax. glaire, Fr.] the white of an egg ; a kind of h^lbert. To GLAIRE, V. A. [glaire, Fr,] to var- nilh, to fmear v/ith the white of an egg j ufed by book-binders. GLA'MORGANSHIRE, S. one of the counties of South- Wales, i: lies partly in the diocefe of St. David's, and partly in 'hat ofLlandafF, and ic a maritime county, having the Severn fea, or Eriftol channel, on the S. r.Ionmouthfhire on the E. Caimanhen- fliire on the W. and Brecknock/hire on the N. It is probably enough conjeftured, to have formerly belonged to fome prince or abbey of the name of Morgan ; others de- rive it from Mor or Muir, fignifying the fea, as it lies along that of the Severn. Tem- pleraan reckons iti length forty-five mile*, and breadth tvk-enty-one. Others make its dimenfions fomething greater. It is divided into ten hundreds, as many market-towns, and eighteen "parifhes, in v/hich are reckoned fixteen rivers, and about 5?,oqo inhabitants. The air on the N, fide, where it is moun- tainous, is fliarp, from the long coniinoanc« of tlie fnow ; but on the S. fide it js mild ; the country being more level, more populous, and bearing large crops of corn, and very fweet erafs. Sheep and catfle ;'bound in all parts of it, there beifig fruitful valleys a-? mong the mountain:, that yield yery good patture, Its other cpmmcdities aj-e jead coals, firti, and butter, 'f h? pri.ncipa! riverf are the Rh\rony or RtJRiy, ;he Taffe., the Qgmore, thc4^0R,'fbe Cjed-iugh^ -fid tjie 7a>e. Formerly thii fhij-e v/as for^ifie.d \viflj G L A loKg fince fallen to decay. Ir fends but two members to parliament ; namrly, a knight of the fhire, and a burgefs for the town of Caerdiff. This county begins South Wales, which extends itfelt from tiie mouth of the Avon wcftward, to the Bifhop and his Clerks, rocks fo called, which lie off St. Davia's \n Pembrokefhire ; and from thence runs north to Aberdovy, On its coaft are fcveral fmall harbours and ports, principally for fliipping off their coals and provifions j both which are exported in great quantities ; the firft to all the coafts of Devon/hire, Soinerfetfiiire, and Cornwall, and feme to Ireland j and the fe cond article they fend to Briftol, particularly butter, falted and barrelled up, as tha: of Suffolk and York/hire is fent to London. GLANCE, S. {g!a^ts, ielg. g/antz,Teut.] a fudden Ihoot or beam of light or fplsndor; a ftroke or dait of light. To GLANCE, V^ A. [glantzen, Teut.Jtc flioot a fudden ray of light cr fplendor ; to fly •ff, or to (hike in a Hoping maiiner. Ufed with at, to hint at, or ceafure a perfon's faults by feme oblique hints. Ufed with eye, to take a quick, flight, or tranfient view ; to view obliquely. '* G/<2nf iw^ an eye of pity on his loli'es." Shak. GLANCl'NGLY, Adv. in an oblique anannerj tranfiently. GLAND, S. iTt. glans, glandis, Lat,] in Anatomy, afoftfpungy fubHanci:, which ferves to feparate a particular humour from the blood. GLAN'DERS, S. in Farriery, a running of corrupt matter from the nofe, differing in colour, according to the degree of malignity GLANDI'FEROUS, Adj. [of ^/.jhj, Lar.j an acorn, and/^ro, Lat. to bear] bearing a corns, mart, or fruit like accrns. '1 GLAN'DULE, S. {Yr. ghnduh, Lat.] in Anatomy, a fmall gland ; iometimes applied in the plural, to fignify what are vulgarly called the almonds of the ear. GLANDULO'SITY, S. a colleftion of glands. GLANDULOUS, Adj. {gJaniuhux, Fr. glandulcjus, Lat. J pertaining, fitu*ted in, or having the nature of the glands. To GLARE, V. N. [g.'aren, Belg.] to fK'ne fo bright as to dazzle the eyes. Alfo to ftine with a luftre too much laboured, applied to writings. To flafli. " Every eye— glared lightning." Milt. GLARE, S. an overpowering or dazzling lu'tre 5 a fierce piercing look. " A lion now he ftdlks with fiery gftrc." Par. Loft. GLARE'OUS, A6].{g!a;reux, Fr. glares- jus, Lit. Stc Glare} confiding of vifcous and tranfparent matter, like the white of an GLAR'ING, [Part, of glare] flagrant; enormous, applied to any very ereat ciime. GLASS, S. [glas, S^x. glafi, BeU.j an •nificial fubftancc mads by fuiing or mcUing ! G L E fited fdlts, fl'nt, and fand together, with S vehement fire, tranfjarent to the fight, duc- tile when hot, but not malleable ; a glafs vef- lel of any kind, particularly a cup, with a foot, to drink out of: hence, figuratively, it 15 uxd for that quantity of liquor, which fuch 3 veff.'l contains, as a glafs of ivim, A glafs to view one's face in; a psrfpedtive, cr a glafa to view diftant or near objedts with; a glafs mads ufe of for mjafuring time, by means of fa.id, which runs through a fmall aper- 'ure, and called an hour-glafs. To GLASS, V. A. to fee as in a glafs; ta cover with, or cafe in glafs ; to glaze, GLASS'-GAZING, Adj. finical ; or of- ten contemplating himfelf in a looking glafs» " A — glafs -gazing, fuper-ferviccable, finical rogue." Sbak. GLASS'-HOUSE, S. a houfe where glafs is made anii manufartured. GLASS'WORT, S. [from glas, Sax.] in Botiny, the falfola. GLASS'Y, Adj. partaking of the natura of glafs ; refembling glafs in fmoothnefs, luf- tre, or brightnefs. GLAS'TENBURY-THORN, S. in Bo- ta.'iy, a variety of the common hawthorn, trom vihich it differs in flowering twice a year; becaule, in mild feafons, it often flowers in November or E)ecember, and again at the ulu^l time with the common fort; the flories told of its budding, blolfoming, and fading on Chriftmas day, are cenfured by Miller as ridiculous, and having no foundation. GLAUCO'MA, S. [Lat. of yXauKMfAs., of yXavK'^, Gr.] in Medicine, a diforder of the eye. To GLAZE, V. A. to furnifh windows with glafs ; to cover with a fubftancc refem- blip'T glafs, like that with which po'ters co- ver their earthen-ware, porcelain, &c. To cover or overlay with fomething (hining, " Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears.'* Soak, GLA'ZIER, S. one whofe trade is to make glafs windows. According to Wil- liam of Malmfbury, they were firft intro- duced into this ifland by Benedift, bilhop of Durham. GLEAM, S. [pronounced ^few] a fudden and ttjnfient Ihoot or ray of Iplendor ; luf- tre ; briglitnefs. To GLEAM, V. N. to fhine with fuddeji and tranfient flaflies ; to fhine. GLEA'MY, Adj. flalhing; darting fud- den and tranfient flaflves of light. To GLEAN, V. A. [pronounced gleerj to colleft what is fcattered by thole who tar- ry in a harve.l: ; to gather any thing thinly fcattered ; to coUsft from different places in a book, or from different authors. GLEAN, S. a collsilion maJe by flow de- grees, and laborious application. " Gleans of yellow thyme diftend his thighs." Dryd. ' GLEAN ER, S. one whu gathers after the G L I leapcrs ; one who gathers aiiv thing fiiowly and Uborioufly ; one who colle€ls from dit ferent places in the fame bo'jk, or from a variety of atirhors. GLEAN'JNG, S. the adt of picking uo corn Icattered by the h\ilT5andmen j the zA of gathering any thing fhowly and labori- oufly ; the z€t of colleifling from different authors, or from different places in the fame book. GLEBE, S.r.e/f''a, Laf-] a clod; turf; fo'A 5 land. In Natural Hiftory, a clod, or piece of flone or earth, frequently containing fome metal or mine/'.l. In Law, church- land. GLE'BOUS, Adj. abounding in clods. GLE'BY, Adj. abounding in clods. Fi- gi:ratively, fertile or fruitful. " Diffui'd " o'er virtue's gieuy land.' Prior. GLEDE, S. [^lida, Sax.] a kitt. " Ye ♦* fliall not eat the gleile." Deutr. GLEE, S. [gUe, Sax.] joy or mirth. "Is " Blo'jzelinda dead ? Farewell m'^ gke."' Gjy. GLEE'FUL, Adj. full of joy ; g3y ; chearful. " Every thing doth tHake i gU-.ful " boaft. " Sbak. GLEEK, S. \glig, Sjx. ] a roufician. *' No monuy, but the gkek ; I'll give you the ininftrel." Skah. To GLEEKjV.A. [gTtgman, Sax.]to fneer; to mimick ; to droll upon. " Gkeki^g or " galling as this gentLman." Shak, ToGLEEN, V. N. [perhaps a corrup- tion of g'ea»:\ ro fhine with heat, or polifli. *' Hard gleenirg armour." Prior. GLEET, S. the flowing or dripping of a humour from any wound. Ufually applied to a tiux of thin humour from the urethra. To GLEET, V. N. to drop flowly, or cuze with a thin- humour. Figuratively, to run flowly. " Glat down the rocky caverns." Cieyre. GLEE'TY, Adj. refembling a gleet. Thin and fanious, applied to humours. GLEW, S.[gew, Brit, giud, Brit.] a vifcid, tenacious matter, ufed as a cement to join divers things together. The common glew is made of the fkins or hides of benfts : fifh glew is made of the mucil.^ginous parts of a large fifh, found chiefly in the Ruffian feas, and is what we call i/Tw^-r/c/'. GLI3, Adj. [g!is, 111. fmooth, |-/.-^, Sax. flippery] fmooth ; llippery ; without any in equalities in the furface ; formed fo as to be eafily moved. Volubk, spplifd to fpeech. GLIB, S. a thick curled bufli of hair hanging down over the eyi.s, woin by the ancient Itifh. GLIB'LY, Adv. [from ^/iA] fmoothly ; without any obftacle. "■ Slide giihiy intode- ♦' traftion." G^-v. of the Torgue. GLIE'NESS, S. fmcothnefs 5 flipperneff. Voiubility, or eafmefi of moiion, applied to the tonsue. To GLIDEj V. N. [gd.in, Six] to flow G L O or pafa gently, fmoothly or without an/ tumult; to move fmoothly and flowly alon;;» GLIDE, S. a hpfe ; a Aiding motion ; the acl of palling fmoothly. GLiKE, S. f::eer, or fcofT. " The '■' hazard's braves, and Charles's f/kitj.'' SbuL ToGLlM'MER. V. N. [gUn-mer, D.n.J Co fhine taintlv j to afford a faint light. GLlM'JVIEil, S. a f^int fplenHor, or dim light; a foffil, lodged in fparry and ftony bodies, ff) called from its fliining. GLIMMER'ING, S. an impwf-a view.' " Got z ghKtr.erirg who they were." Woiton, A faint refembiance : a trace. GLIMPSE, S. a wc3k, faint light; a fud- dcn Or quick flafhing light. "L-ghc as the " lightning i-/.»:y6/l- they ran." Par.LoJi. A tr.mfierit luthe ; a fhort and tranfitory view i " Now by g'impfe riifcern Ithuricl." Par, L'ji. A fhorc fleeting enjoyment. "That " I fhould know ^/iw^/i; of deliaht." Piior, A fair;t refemblance or likenefs. " No man " hath a virtue that he has not a gUmffeoi.''* Shuk. To GLIS'TEN. V. N. IgUfgena, Sax.] to fhine with luflre or fplendor. GLIS'TER,S. See Clypr, which is the mo!l: proper fpelling. ToGLIT'TER, V.N. \glitenan, gliitinx- an, Sax. J to fhine with iuftre, or polifh ; to gleam ; to appear pompous and fplendid. " The mo^ glittering temptations to diftord." Dec. of Piety; GLITTER, a luftre ; fplendor; a Ihin- ing or ihowy brightnefs. GLITTERINGLY, Adv. v*ith a fin- ing or fparkling luftre. To GLOAR, V. A. [ghrtn, Belg.] to fqiiint ; to look 2f!ce\'<. To GLOAT, V. N. [perhaps a co?ruptiofi of gloar'\ 10 look fideway; at a perfon ; to caft a flolen glance as a perfon, '* Her deluding '' eyes to ghat for you.'' Roive. GLO'BA TED, Adj formed in the fhaps of a globe. GLOBE, S. [Fr. gkhus, Lat.] a round body, having every part of his furface equally diftant ffom the center ; the earth ; a fphere^ in which the various rejiions of the earth, feas, i> J. are depidleJ in their proper forms, magnitudes, fize, and fituations. GLO'BOSE, Adj. [glihjut, Lat.] round or fpherical. " Than all this gidofe earth '' in plain out fpread." Par, Lof. GLOBO'SITY, S. roundnefs. GLO'BOUS, Adj. {gkhcjus, Lat.] roun^, " 'Lurgc g'-ti'MS irons fly, of dreadful hifs." Pkil. GLO'BULAR, A6].[g'oh:tlui, Lat. glolnutf Brit. I round ; in the form of a fmall globe or fphere. GLOBULA'RIA, S. [Lat. globufcire, Fr.J n Botany, the blue daily. Jt is ranged iA he fall ictt of Linnffus's fourth claf's. GLO'BULE, G L GLO'BULE, S. l?r. ghlwl, But. gloiu- lus, Lat.j a fmall particle of matter, of a round or fpherical form, applied to red par tides ot the blo( d, &c. GLO'RULOUS, Adj. in the form of i. fmall fphere , round. GLtyCESTER, or GLOU'CESTER, S. liy the Dritons Called Cccr-gkiv, i. e. fine city, and anciently by the Romans Ci^^'i/w, a large, veil built, ancl healthy place, the rapital of the county of its name. It was fortified , but after the reftorctioii difmantled by a<fl oi parliament, on account of the obflinaie re- flftame it nude againfl the forces of king Charles [. It ftands on the Severn, over which river is a large (lone bridge, the firft next the fea. It abounds with crofles and fiatues of the kings of England. The old houfes projecting into the fheets, and itscrofs having been pulled down by acl of parlia jnent, in 17 c, inflead of the latter is a llatue of colonel Selvvyn, their member, who at his own expence made a very large refer- Toir about half a mile off, throvgh the trunk of which the water is brought into a fquare bafun nt its feet, and fforn thenre convv-yed }nto four canals, one paffing through each o) the four great (hects that here inteifcft at right angles, and is' the center of the city. But draughts by Mr Rickets have been made of the curious pieces of antiquity in the afore- faid crofs, by order of the focicty of anti- tjnarians in London. To the vail number of churches and religious foundations in this city, alludes the proverb, " As fure as God is at Glouceller." This is the fee of a biiliop. whofe cathedral is a venerable pile, with a handfome tower, and finely vaulted choir 'On the N. fide lies the unfonunate king Ed- ward II. Before the high altar, in the mid- Jle of the church, lies the ecjur.l!5' unt" rtu- liate Prince Robert, eldeft fon of William the Conqueror, alter a mifcrable life, and imprifonment of twenty-fix ycais, by his brotherWilliam R ufus, in the cafllc of Caer- G r. o water ; and not f.ir o!f, at Ladingtcn, srs found theafLroite.*, or Aar-ftonts, about the oreadth of a lilver penny, and thicknefs of a half-crown, finely engraved by nature on the flat fide. Py this city, the Rickni.ng way runs from the Severn's mouth infa Yorkfhiie. Gloucefter has given titles of Flarl and Duke tofeve^al of theroy.l family: the prefent lui^e is the third fon of Fredd- ric, late prince of Wales. Juft by is the littlo ifle of AIney, famous fn- the fingle comb .t fought between Kdmund Tronfide, and Canute the Dane, its i\tekly markets are on Wednefday and Saturday, and annua} fairs April 5, \ here is a great vent for cheefe j July 5, Sept. 2S, and Nov. 2S, for cattle and horfes It fends two membsrs to parlia- ment, and lies 94 miles from Linden. Gi.O'CESTERSIIIRE, or GL^LCE:^- TERSHIRE, S. an inland county of Enoland. It is bounded on the E. by War- wicklliire, Oxfcrdlhire. and Bevkn.iie j en the -S. by .Somerfctlhire and Wiltftirc ; on the N. by Worcefterfiiire, and on the VT. by Herefordfiiireand Monmouthnih-c. Tem- pleman makes it fixly-two miles in lergth, and thlrtj-fix- in breadth; though otlier.s reckon its dimendons lefs It contains one city, namely, that of its n^me, twenty-feveii market towns, and .'So pariflies. The number of"its inhabitants amount to 162,568, who are reprcfcnted by tv.o kni;^hts c/tho fhire, and two each for tlie city of Glou- cefter, the boroughs of irenccfter and Tewkefbury It is watered by feveral large rivers, as the Severn, the' Wve, -the Avon, the Ifis, the Leden, the Frome, the .Stroudc, Xhe Windrufh, and other fmaller frreams. ■ he air of this cnumy is healthy trrough- out ; but h-is a difurrence of foil, th- eaffrn parts b-ing liillv ; the iveftcm woody; I ut the middle enriched with a pie .fcnt and h uit- ful valley 5 which laft is much indented by the Severn, wafidng this country for forty miles together (fcvcnty, ircludiog its wind- diff. Here is a whifpering plape, tike the , ings") ; fo that it brings neredarics froni ;;allery in the cupola of St. Paul's, London, abroad, and gives the means of conveying The cloilkrs are very beautiful, and in the the native commodities into for-itn parts, ftyle of the chapel in king's college, Cam- This river in feme plarcs is two miles broad, bridge. In the city arc large temains of and comes in with a tide called the boar; abbeys, both of blrxk and white friars 1 he •' hich rolls with a hp.d fiom two (o four famous Strongbow, who fubdued Ireland, feet high, earning cv<;ry thing before it, lies in thcchapter-houfc. It is governed by and overflowing its banks. It is remarkecL a mayor, and has alfo a hinh ficward, (Sjc Kere are twelve companies, tbe niufiers of •which attend the mayor on all public occa- Jlons, in their gowns and with flrtamiLrs. It Jias a large cjuay and v.harf on the river, and a cufiom-houfe. 1 ho firft protcft.nt biOiop, Dr. John Hooper, was b;.irnf in L''e ceinithy of his own cathedral, in the reign of queen Maiy. A mile or two off is Robin Hood's hill, both a pleafant wslk for the citizens, and from wh.ich the (own is fupplicd with that the tides m it are hrgcft one vtarat full moon, and next at the change: and likcf wii'e one year the nij'ht-tidcs aic hiihcft, and another ihofe of the day. It al)-iiifds with ad fortsof grain, cattle, fowl, rai.i pan-.e, with cverythif.g that other countiej rrcdiice, iiid as good in theii kind ; efpecially bacotl and cyder. And its livers ab'-und with filii ; a.s filmon in tlie 5e.vern, together with laiTj» prcvs and conger-eels. to GLO'AIE^AIE, V. A. [v'cK:era!t'S,, G L O G L U of gloirefo, Lit.] to g.thcr feveri! parts or l pcaii:-^ ?:t 'ht furface of filk, or any fmooth bvKiics into a round body or fph«re. I or polilhcd tiling. GLOMERA'TJON, S. \gbn:cratb, Lat. ) To GLOSS, V, N. [gloffa-, Fr.] to com- tlie act ot forining feceral parts or bodies mcnt, cr nidkc remarks on ihe fen fc of an into a rouuil ball or Iphere J a body formed i author ; to niiUc a fly remark, or give a into a ball. broad bint ; to pjITute. or make a thing ap- GLOOM, S \gIon:m':fig, Sax.] an irnper- pear right by Ionic fpecious reafon or inttr- fe£t, faint, or obfcure fight; fuilennefs. pretation. " Yi>u have the ait lo glofs the To GLOOM, V. N. to fhine obfcurely ; to be darkilli, like the twilight ; to be cloudy; to be melancholy, dull, or fullen. GLOCMINKSS, S. want of light ; duf- kinefs ; datkifhncfs ; difmalnefs ; fuilen- nefs; fadnef;;, or melancholy. GLOO'MY, Adv. dimly ; without per- fect light. Figuratively, fullenly ; with a cloudy afpeft, " How gkomlly he look'd." Dryd. fouled cauff" Fhi/ifs. To make the fur- face of a thing n-.ine ; to embtllilii with a fu- perficial llicw, uftd witll (njer. " G'sfs'd i^er '' only witli a faint-like flitw." Dryd, GLOS'SARY. f,.[glop]re, Fr. gjoffaihim, Lat.] a dictionary c;plaining obfcuie and obfdlcte words. GLOSSA'TOR, S. [ghjhteiir, Fr.] a writer of (ilolTes, annotations, or comments. GLOS'SEH, S. [gkj}i:rhn, low Lat.] one GLOO'MY, Adj. obfcure; imperfesnly wJio explains the wiitings of an author ; a lightened; having a faint light; daik or blackifti ; fullen ; melancholy ; fad. GLORi'ED, Adj. illulhious ; honoured ; dignified ; elleemed an object worthy of be- ing boafted in. " Your once g'i'o/W friend." Mllt. polillitr. GLOS'SINESS, S. [g!yfung, S.ix,] the fhining luilrc appearing on thefurfaceof filk, or any poliihed bodies. GLOS'SY, Adj. having a fliining and fmooth ly poliihed furface. GLOVE, S. [glofy Sax.] a covering worn upon the hands, either for luxury, or to keep them from the inclemency of the weather. To GLOVE, V. A. to cloatli, or cover with aglove. " ^l\.\\\. gl<yve this hand " Shak, GLOVER, S. one who makes or fells gloves. To GLOUT, V. N. to pout; to look fullen, or dii'cover dillikc and difcoiitent in GLORIFICA'TIOM, S. [Fr.] the tA of giving glory, attributing honour, and ren- dering praife. To GLO'RIFV, V. A. \gloylJier, Fr. gh- rifico, Lat.] to procure honour or praife to a perfon or thing ; to pay honour or praife in worlhip ; to extol, honour, or praife, to ex- alt to a llateof fpkndor, dignity, or glory. GLO'RIOUS, Adj. [!rLrlojus,LSit.gIoruux, Fr.] in its primary fenfc, haughty; proud ; Uhe countenance, cftcntatioiis; or boalling in any advantage.] To GLOW, V " They that are gloiious muil needs be " factious." i?<if. Figuratively, adorned with glory ; exalted to a (late of fplendor and dignity ; noble ; illullriou.'; ; excrllent. GLO'RIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to deferve or cjnfer both glory", digi.ity and praife ; illuflrioully ; n-^bly. GLO'RY, S. [gloire, Yr. gkrli, Lat. ufcd by the anticnt poets as a word of one fyllablc, and pronounced o-/ot'] praife or honour at- tributed in adoration or wordiip. In Scrip- 1 or ardour, applied to tlie naftions. Bright- turc, a llate of ineffable fplendor and felicity ucfs, or rudJiiief , applied to col-mr. prepared fur the rigbteousin heaven; honour; GLO'W-VVORM, ^^. a fmall creeping praife; fame ; renown. " Glory is like a infcift t)r worm, wjiich appears luminous, or circle in the water." Shah. A flate of like a flame, in the d.irk. fplendor, dignity, and magnificence. " So- To GLOZE, V. N. Igf'j'"', Sax.] to ♦' lomon in all his ghry." M^tt.\i. 29. j make ufeof foothing and Hnttcring words in N. ^glcivjn. Sax.] to be heated lb as to [bine without flame ; to burn with Ychemcnt heat ; to prefent or exhibit a llrong bright colour. " With fmile that " f/siu'.'f— Ci-leflial rofy red." ATdton. To feel a heat in any part of ths l^ody. " Did " not hji temples gl.iv." /IJdif. To feel a warmth of pafTioii, cr heat arifing from the eagcrnefs or ardour of the mind. " The in- " ward gloivi>:gs of a heart of love." Addif. GLOW, sr a Ihininii; hear. Vehemence Luftrc, or briglunefs. To GLO'RY, V. N. to boafl in; to be proud of. Ufed with ;/.-. " Let them look, •' they ghry not in mifchicf." Sl.ik. To CLOSE, V. A. [g.'ffan, Sax j to flat- ter ; to wheedle. GLOSS, S. [Fr, gleJlKg, Sax. yy^oirra, Gr.] a comn.ent, or explanation of the iVife of An author. Figuratively, u falfe interpre- tation, or fpeclous explanation of the words of ^n 4iitlior, in order to ferve :^ pirtim'av purpofc ; a fiipcificial lullre or brightncii ap- order to perfuade, cor;x, or v. liecJl " a perlbn j to co.Timenf or interpret. " SVhiLh falique " land the French unjutlly t j^i— to be the " realm of France." <'J:jk. GLOZE, S. tl.ittery ; footlilng words ; iiifinuations. " Now to pl./m dealing ; lay " thele g/cr.!s by." S/.,^k. GLLE, S. a vifcous fubft.'.nce ufed to join th!ng> together. SecdV^. To GLUE, V. A. rp/V-cV, Fr.] to join together by a vifcous fuiillaiice t-r cement ; to hold together. Fi^^urativcly, to join or 1 make G N A jnake a thing Join ; to unite as it were with glue. " Sink U5 down to fcn-Te, znd giue us " to thofe inferior things." Ti/lotf. GLU'ER, S. one who cements or unites with glue. GLUM, Adj. Allien ; aifc(f{edly, and ob- ftinately oravc. " Some, when they hear a ** ftory look^/«m." Guardian. To GLUT, V. A. [glwth, Brit, ergluur, "St. of yXy^n), Gr.] to rwallow with little chewing; to devour; to cloy, or fill too full; to fate J or difgu(t, " Enough to glut the •' hearers." B::c. To feaft or delight to fatiety, «• With death's carcafe glw. the grave." Milt. To bring in large quantities ; to overfill, or load. " Glutt^ the market" Arbutb. To faturate, or fupply with as much as it can diOblve, &c. " The men- •* fhuum being already glutted." Boyle. GLUT, S. that which is gorged or fwal- lowed in a ravenous manner. " Difgorging " foul their devilifh ^/fff." Par. Loft, More than enough ; any thing which fills or ftops up a puflage by its too great, or excellive quantity. " By fomc glv.t, (top, or other " means, arrcfted in their paflage." JVoodiv. GLU'TINOUS, Adj. [ghttineux, Fr.J refcmbling glue j vifcous ; uniting by its vil- cidity 5 tenacious. GLUTINOUSNESS, S. the quality of being vifcid. GLUT'TON, S. {ghvth, Brit, ghuten, Fr.] one who indulges himfelf too much in eating ; one who cats to escefs, Figurative- ly, one eager of any thing to excefs. In Na- tural Hiftory, the name of a bid in tlie Wed Indies, fo called from its immoderate eating. To GLU'TrONIZE, V. N. to eat to excefs J to be luxurious GLU'TTONOaS, Adj. giventoexc,rsin Cjting. GLU'TTONOUSLY, Adv. after tl<j manner of a glutton, or one who eats to excefs. GLUTTONY, S, {ghttome, Fr. See Gluttcn.] excefs in eating. GLUY, Adj. flicking ; vifcous; tenacious; noteafily fcparuted froih vihut it touches. GL\N, S. \gun, g/eri?ie, Sax.] a v.illey, or hollow between two mountjins. "Thofe •' narrow corner.^ and gljns undu- the moun- " tain's foot." S/efif. To GNAR, or GNARL, V. N. {gnyr- ran, Sax. knatran, Belg. and Ttut.] to growl, murmur, fnarl, or grind the tetth. To GNASH, V. A. \knajdian, Belg. rtaj- chen, Ttut.] to flrike, or clafh together, &^- plied to the teeth, either on account ef r.ige., or from a fenfation of excefTive cold or agcny. GNAT, S. \gnat, Sax. jckna;k, Teut.J a fmall wipged infedt, or fly, of which there arc, according ti Derham, at Icaft 40 di- iVmCt fpecies. In its vermicular (late it is a red maggot, and hath a mouth auil other p.irt$ agfomwodatcd tp food : in its aurslia G O A flate it has no fuch parts^ becaufe it fuhfiits without food : but in it; mature (on?.t) (late, its mouth is furnifhed with a curious well- made fpear, to wound and fuck out the bloc^d ot other animals. To GNAW, V. A. {gr.rgan,grafr.n, Sax.] to bite and te.ir off" by means of the teeth ; to eat or chew by degrees ; to bite in agony and rage. " They gntiived their tongues " for pain." iJti/. xvi. ao. To frct^ walle, or corrode. GNA'WER, S. one who bites or tears in pieces with the teeth. GNO'MON, S. \yv(c,xwy, Gr.] the hand, index, or pin of a dial. GNOMO'NICS, S. f>.v>'«'W)tr,,Gr.] dial- ling ; or a fcience which teaches to find the juft proportions of fhadows for the conltruc- tion of all forts of fun-dials. To GO, V. N. [preter, / ivent, I have gone, participle gor.e., from gan or gangan^ dx. ] to move Itcp by (lep ; to walk ; to move (lowly, oppofed \.o running. "Run to '' him, thou had (laid fo long that going " will not ferve the turn." 5yfcff/^ To pro- ceed from one to another. " 1 he jcd goes " round." Dryd. To depart. To ^0 c-ver, to perule, or read througii. Te go after, to purfuc. To intend, or be near, undertaking a thing. "■' I was going X.o fay." Locke. To let go, to give a perlon his liberty. To gofor^ to pafs; to be received for. " She goes for " a woman." ,' idtiey. To toll, applied to a bell. ^' The htW goeth for \mn." £ac. 'To move, or to be in a flate of motion, applied to m:.chines, (^c, "Clocks will ^0." Ctiuay. To go out, to be extingailhed, applied to flame, or fire. To go ugaitift the grain, is a provcrhiiil cxpreflion, to exprefs (omcthing extremely repugnant, difagrecable, or dif- gullfi:l. GO'BY, S. a delufion; artifice, or flratagem. GO'CaRT, S. a machine goina upon carters, in which children arc incioicd to teach them to walk. GOAD, S. \ga.-id, S:ix.] a iHck or pole armed with a (harp point at the end, v.ith which oi;cn,i5iff. are driven forward. To GOAD, V. A. to prick or drive with a goad, figuratively, to incite, flimu- Lte, or drive fcrwavd. , ;,■•;.... GOAL, S. [the g is pr.onounceJ hard from gauk, Fr. a long pole fct up to dtter- ininc tlic bounds of a r^cc] a poll fet up to w'.iich race-horfcs are to run ; a fhirting-pod. Figuratively, the dcfjgn, final purpofe, or end of any meafure, or undertaking. Some- t'Hies wni ten improperly ibr gco!, which vvas fpelt in old Englifh jiole. GOAR, or GORE, S. an edging fcwcd on cloth to (hcngtht-n it. The warm blood of any crcatuic, from ^&r. Prit. . v GOAT, S. Iga:, gat, .Sax.] an hoirci, animal, with coarfe mag hair, remarkable for lafcivioufncfs, atid a rank fmtU when K h a old. GOD G O L old. Figuratively, a rank, or luftful per- fon. GO'ATBEARD, or GO'ATSBEx\RD, S. the nime of a plant. GO' .THKRD, S. one who keeps goats. GO'ATISH, Adj. rerciTiIjiing a goat, ei- ther in vankncfs of fmeU, or in luft. GOB, S. [^ro/r, Fr.ja fmall quantity, gene- rally applied to tbmething vifcous or fiabhy. GO'BBriT, S. a mouthful; as much as can be Avallowed at once. To GOBBET, V. A. to fwallow at once. A low word. To GO'BBLE, V. A. fgihrt, old Fr. to fwallow] to fw.illow hadily, or in a ravenous manner, attended with noif^. GO'BBLER, S. one who devours in a ra- venon"; manner, without cliewing. GO' ETWEEN, S. a mediator; crone who carries on adcfign, liy being fent back- wards with mefljgis by the two parties. GOB'LET, S. IgohA-r, Fr j a bowl or cup, th:it .'lolds a iarjje draiii^ht. G03'LIN, S. an evil or walking fpirit ; an elf, or fjiry. GOD, S. [God, Sax. G„d, IQ. and Dan. Goth, gOi{s, Goth. Gccd, Belg Got, Tcut. of Cod, Sax the adj. im[)lving gaodj the felf exiftent infinitely perfeft, and infinitely good Being, who cremated and pref:rves all things that have exigence , the ohje£l of ado- ration and worlhip ; any perfon or thing which is too much the objcifl of a perfon's thoughts and labours. To GOD, V. A. to deify, or worfhip as a god. Figuratively, to confer the greated hanoari; that can be imagined " Lov'd me " above the meafure of a father j nay, " grddt-d me." Shai. GOD'-CHfLD, S. an infant or perfon for whom one is a fponfor i;i baptifm. GOD'-D AUGHT- R, S. a female for whom a perfon is a f,ionfor in baptifm. GOD'DESS, S. a female deity or divinity GOD'FArHER., S. [godf^idcr, Sax. | a man that is fponfor for a perfon at baptifin. GOD'-HEAD, S. the (late, condition, or nature of a god. Figiir.itiveiy, a deity. " Nymphs and native godheads yet un- " known " Diytt. GOD'LESS, Adj. without fenfeof a deity; athciflic; irreligious ; impious. GOD'LlKr, Adj. divine ; refembling God ; fuperlarivcly e:ii:ellenr. GOD'LING, S. a divinity of fmall (la- ture or dignity. " The puny godlwgs of " inferior race " Dryd. GOD'LIMESS, S. duty or piety towards GoJ ; a general obferyatioa of all the duties towjrd> God., GOO'LY, Adj. having a proper fen/e of our duty and obligations to God. Figura- tively, pio'i';, righteon<, or religious. GOD'LY, Adv. in a pious, and reli-gious inanncr. GOD'-MOTHER, S. a woman that is fpcrafor for a perfon in baptifm. GOD'SHIP, S. the office, rank, or chn- rafterofagod. Figuratively, adeity or di- vinity. •' O'er hills and dales then godJJ^ips " came." Prior, GOD'SON, S. \godfviia, Sax.] whom a perfon has been fponfor to in baptifm. GOD'WARD. Adj towards, or with re- fpcdt to God. " Such triifl have we through '• Chrid godivard.^' "2. Cor. GOD'YELD, or GOD'YIELD, Adv. a term of thanks, wherein a perfon wilhes ano- ther tlie protectim and providence of the deity. '• \'ou fhould \ri^ godyteld lo Mi iox " pur pains." Shak. tO'ER, S. one that moves from one place to another ; one that runs ; one that has a good pace, applied to a horfe. One that is regular in its motions, applied to a watch or clock. TO GOGGLE, V. N. [fc:l-ege, or egedge. Sax.] to look afquint. GOG'GLE-EYED. Adj. [fccl-ege. Sax.] fquint-eyed ; not looking (Irait ; or looking with the balls of the eyf turned contrary ways. GO'ING, S. the ad of walking or mov- ing from one place to another ; departure. GO'L.'\, S. in Arcliitedture, the famoas cyiratium. GOLD, S. f Sax. Tcut. gclud, Brit.] the heaviell, mofldenfc, mod fimple, mofl fixed of all bodies; neither injured by air or fire, foluble only by fea-falt, and moft cafily amal- gamated with filver ; its colour is of a (hin- ing and radiating yellow, which differs ac- cording to its purity, or the parts it comes from. Figurativelv, money, or any thing very valuible. or J..'rirous. "A heart ol'gold.''' .GO'LDBEATER, S. one who hammers go'd into thin leaves, which are ufed by ♦ gliders. Goldbeater's Jkin is the inteftinum redum of an ox or bullock, well fcoured and- prepared, which is laid by goldbeaters between the leaves of the metal while they beat it. GO'LD-BOUND, Adj. encompafled or bound with gold. GO'LDE>7, Adj. made or confiding of gold; gilt. Figuratively, fliining ; bright; fplendid, yellow, or of the colour of gold. Golden nu:r.berf in Chronology, is that which fliews what year of the moon's cycle any particular year is. Golden rule in Arithmetic, called likewife t!ie Rule of three, is that, by which a fourth number is fought, which bears the fame proportion to the third-iiuni- ber as the fccond docs to the firft. GO'LDENLY, Adv. in a pompous- or fplcndii manner. " Report fpeaks goldenly " of his profit." Sha,':. GO'LDEN-ROD, S. in Botany, called the -verge dorce in French, and fclidago- in Latin. Linnseu-s places it in the fecond fedt. of his iqth clafs. GO'LD- GOO GO'LDFINCH, S. fgcMfrw, Sax.] a fing- ing bird, having a reddifh circle bordered with a golden colour on each fide of its head. See Fi'ch. GO'LDH AMMER, S. lgold-aff!fr.er,Te\it.] a bird fo called GO'Li ING, S. [guelden, Teut.] a kind ef apple. GO'LDNET, S a fort of fifh ; called likcwife^i/M.W. GO'LUSIZE, S. a glue of a golden co- lour, with which painters form their letters, and gilders Ly t; ofc p-its of their works, uhich are to be covered with gold. GOLDSMITH. S. gu-Jjclnild, Sax. fo/d^mid Dan.] a perfon who makes and fr'ls golden wares, as they were formerly till banking became a fep^ratc bufmefs, the ptrfons with whom merchants and traders lodged their cafti -^ Tha goldfniith, or fcri- *' vener, v. ho takes all your fortune." Swift. GO'LDYLOCKS, S. in Bota y, a plant fo called from the colour of its flower GO'NDOLA, [leal, gondc/e, Fr] a fiat boat, very long and very narrow, ufed upon the canals at Venice. GONnOLl'ER, S. fprono-unced ^on</<;- /«/■] one who rows a gondola GONE [prcter of go, pronounced go?i loft or undone. •' He mult Know 'tis none •* of voiii d.iughter--we are ^o;i elfe." Si:ak. Cone l^y, part, applied to motion or change of pi: ce. Loft ; departed j confumed ; at an end ; dead. GON'FALON, or GON'FANON, S. \gonfjnon, Fr.] an enfign, or flandard " Ten *' tnoufand thouGnd tnfigns far udvanc'd — *' and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear." Par Loji GO'NORRHOEA, S. [from yovo<; and pfa;, ^ Gr in Medicine, an involunt;;ty dripping of feed or otiicr humour occafioned by fome venereal hui t GOOD, Adj. f^ comparative letter, fuper- lative heji] having fuch perfeftions as are re- quifite, fit, and proper for the end, whok- fonic. " Gct)(/ to eat." Pior. Sound; con firrred, valid, eirabliflied, proved. " MaU " ^W your accufation." ^outh. Punflual. " As good as his wotd." UEflrange. Cha- rafter. ^^ Good name in man or woman- is " the immediate jewel of their fouls." Shak. Chcarful ; r.ay , wx eafiiy difplcafed, but inc.inrd to afls of benevolence ahd kindnefs, joined with any words expreffing the temper of the mird joined to breeding, elegant, decent, delicate, polite ; confiftent with the charaftcr of oentkmen. * Imitated as the '* greateft patterns of wit 7^x\^ gcod-brceding."'' Sioft Virtuous, cr endowed with all mo- ral qualities or virtues; kirid or benevolent. " The men were very good to us." i. Sam. XXV. 15. To ».'a^i'n-3c^, to perform what is promifod or expcdifd ; to keep, maintain, or li.ijiport. '< In fpiglit of their dragoons G O R pLiced to make good their retreat." Clarerdofi, GOOD, S. divided into pliyficpl and mo- ral. Phyjical good, is that which tends na- turally to piomote our happinffs, benefit, advan-age, or health, to increafe pleafure, diminifh pain, or procure and continue the prcfenceof any good, or the ahfcnce of any evil. Moral good, is that which is chofcii agreeable to the laws of reafon or God, and has a tendency to promote both our owa happincfs and that of others. Figuratively, profpeiity. GOOD, Adv always joined with as, thus, as good implies no woi fe. GOOD, Interjcft. well ; right. GOO'D-CONDI'IIO.VED Adj. with- out any ill qualities. Lufty, or plump, ap- plied to pel fons. GOO^DLIXESS, S. beauty; grace; ele- gance, applied to external appearance. GOO'DLY. Adj. beautiful; graceful; ap- plied to perfon?. Fine, or fplcndid, applied to things, andparticuLaly to drcA. Bulky, fwelliiig. " GW/)' and great he fails." Dryd. Happy; dcfirable " We have many goodly " days to fee." Skc!:. GOO'DNErS, S. the fitncfs of a thing to produce any particular end ; perfeiftion ; kindnefs, or benevolence. GOO'D-KOW, Interj. in good time ; or prithee. " Gcodnoiu fit down and tell mc." Shah, Sometimes ufed as a flight exclama- tion to exprefs wonder. " Gcou ?ij>iv, good "no'zy, how your devotion s jump v.ith mine," Dryd. GOODS, S. the moveables or furniture of a houfe ; wares fold in trade; commodities or freight in a fnip. GOO' .Y, S. [gsdig. Sax. Johnfon fup- pofes it corrupted from good ivife ' a low term of civility ufed to me.:n perfons of the female fex. " Whenp-i^/y Dobfon died " Gay, GOOSE. S. I plural ^ffrf, of ^oj, Sax.] a large water fo'vl, proverbially noted, and figuratively ufed, for fooliUmefs ; a taylor's fmoothing iron. GOO'SBEKRY, S. in Botany, named frojjiilaria in Lat. and groffdicr, Fr. a well nown fiuir. Linnxus places it in the firft fcft. of l.is fifth clafs. GO'RBELLY, S. a large protuberant, cr big belly ; a term of reproach for a fat perfon, GO'RDELLIED, Adj lufty; fit ; having a large, proiuberant, and fwelling belly. " Hang ye, |;e;Z'i/A-a knaves." SJ^ak. GORD, S. [gourd, Fr] aninftiument of gaming. GORE, S. [Sax. gor, Brit.] blood ; clot- ted or congealed blood. In Heraldry, an a- batement, confining of two arches, or curve lines, the one drawn from the linirtcr bafe, and the other from the finifter chief. To GORE, V. A. [from the r.oun] to ftat or pierce either with a weapon, or tb.c horns of an animal, fo as to tnakc a wound. H h 3 An-.ong G O S Amonp' fcfmrireffes ana taylors, to widen any thing, by fewing a piece of cloth. GORGE, S. [Fr. the ^ pronounced harii] the tliroat or Avallow ; that which is foigccj or Avahowcd. In Archi'.eiflure, a fort of concave rnoulJing. Ths gorge of a ciimncy, is the part hff.veen tlie chambranle and the crowning ot t!ie mantle. In Fortification, the cntianci; of a bafiion, ravelin, or other outwork. A Jtmi-gorgc, is thai part of a poly- gon between the centre and flauk of the bafiion. To GORG^, V. N. {gorg.-r, Fr.j to fill up to the throat : to glut or iatiate ; to Iwal- low. " fhe fifh has^o-^rrf the hook." GO'RGH:!;', Adj. in Heraldry, ufed when a crown or coronet is borne round the neck of fome bird or fowl ; or when the n<.ck of a bird is of u different metal or colour from the red. In Fariiury, fwellcd. " The legs " of a horfe are gorged. " GO'RGEO'J.S, Adj. Igorg'tJs, old Fr.] fine, rp!cn>',id ; glittering. GO'RC/.OUSLY, Adv. in a fplendid, pomp"n>i, fhttwy, or magnificent manner. Gk'.-'GRO'JsNESS, S. Iplcndorj hillr^; niagiiiiicenre. finery. GO'RGET, S. the piece of armour which is worn round, and defends the throat. GO'RGO.V, S. [ycfyv, Gr.] a monfler with Ihaky hairs, that is reported to have turned all ihut faw it into (tones. GO'RT.IAND, ^.[goiKU'it, Bvit. gourm.7^cl, Fr.] a perlon who eats greedily, ana toexcefs. '1 o GO'RMANDIZt, V. N. tw eat with greedinefs and to excefs. GOR'MANDIZKR, S. one who eats greedily. GORS'T, S. IgorJ}, Sax.] fun, a thick pricklv fh'uh, be.irir.g yellow flowers. GO'RY, Adj. covered with clotted or con- gealed blood; bloody; murthercus. "A *' gory emulation *twixt us twain.' Stai. GO'Si.ING, S. a young goofe not full grown. In Botany, a cat's tail on nut-trees and pines. GO'SPiLL, S. the title of books contain- ino' the hidory of tl>e traflfaAions of our blelTed Lord and Saviour from his birth to his afcenfion. Figurjiively, applied to fig- nify, in'Divinity, the Chriltian aifpenfation, and an infallible (tandard of truth, <■ As " true as iht gofp-l" To GO'IPEL, V.N. r^;4'>.'///,;«, Sax.] to preach the gofpel ; to inftrudt as a prielt. GO'SPELLER, S. \g.:ri-fj>eikre, Sax.] an evangelift or prcaclier. " Thcfe gof^dlcn *' have h.id their golden days." Rowc. GO^SSAMER, or GO'SSAiVIOll, S. [gof- Jampine,¥t. gojjypl:*'", ox gaujape, Lat.] the down of plants; the long white cobwebs which are perceived in the air in calm funny weather, found by MaiTy to proceed fro.n a fpidcr dwelling in fields, which emits them G O U from its podex, and leaves them to afceni in, and be wafted by, the air. GO'SSIP, S, [irorn godjtppe. Sax. a fpon- foi] one who is a fponfor for a child at bap- tifm. Figuratively, one who runs about tattling like a woman at a lying in. To GO'SSIP, V. N. to chat ; to prate ; to fpeud time in frivolous aitd infignificant difccurfc. GOT, preter, and participle paflive oiGet. GO'TTEN, particip. palllve of Get. To GO'VERN, V. A. [the o pronounced like an u fhort, gwvern from gou-verntr, Fr. of gnherno, Lat.] to rule over in the charac- ter of a magiftrate, parent, or other fuperior. In Grammar, to require. " A^mo gmerns " an accufitivc cafe." GO'VEP-.NABLE, Adj. fubjea and obe- dient to command, rule, authority, or direc- tion. GO'VERNANCE, S. the a^ of exercif- ing anthority over others that arc bound to obey ; government ; the management, con- trcail or authority of s guardian. GO'VERNaNTE, S. [Fr.] a woman who has the care of young ladies of quality. The more ufual and proper word is Go-uerrcj'i. GO'VERNESS, S Igou-vemcje, old Fr.J a female, invelled with authority to influ- ence or rule. A woman who h^s the care of irifliuding or regalatli^g tiie condaift of ladies; the teacher, inftrucloiefs, or milliefs of a hdy's boarding-fchool. GOVKRNiMENT, S. [pu-v.rnemtnt, Fr.] the form in which juilice is adminiClered in a nation ; an ellablilhmcnt, or admioiftra- tion of public affdis ; the power or autho- rity exertifed by nnglllrates over their fub- jetts, or by one perlbn over another, in Grammar, the particular condruflion any wcrd in a fentence requires. GO'VERN OR, S. [gou-v:.,:cur, Fr.] one who manages, influences, or has the fu- preme direflion of a thing or perfon ; one invefled with fupremeauthoiity in a flate. GOURGE, S, [Fr.J a chillel having a round edge. GOURD, S.[gcuhorde, Fr.j a plant which creeps along the earth like the cucumber, and products a ycliow fruit of the fizc and colour of an orange. GOU'RDJNEi^ S. in Farriery, a fwell- ing in an horfe's leg after a journey, fo called from its refembling a gourd. GOUT, S. [go'..tte, Fr.J in Medicine, a painful kind of difejfe principally affcfling the joints, feated in their ligaments, the tendons of the mufcles fubfei vient to their motions, and the membranes I'urrounding the bones. GOUT, S. [pronounced goo, Fr. guj}us, Lat. J a tafle, relifn, or ilavour. GOU'TY, Adj. afflicled with the gout ; relating to, or having the gout. GOWN, G R A G R A GOWN, S, ^g-zo/i, Ri'it. gcnna, lul.] alDrycf. In the Roman church, a part of the long loofe upper garment, woin by men, as mafs Cong Ijetween the epilHcs and gofpels. an undrefj; ; a woman's upper garment; the In the Jewifii, applied to 15 pfilms, fuppofed long loofe habit worn by theminifrers of the to havebeen fungby the pricfts, ftandingup- eflabliOied ciuiith, &c. on the gradual, or the '5 (lepsof the temple. GO'WNKD, Adj. wearing a gown. GO\v' NWA.N, S. one matriculated at an univerfity ; a (tudent ; or one whofe proper habit is a gown,' applied to the protefiors of divinity, phyfic, law. fefr. To GRA'HBLE, V. N. [perhaps corrupt- ed frii".-n g'-a^plc\ to grope; to fearch, or feel greedily with the hands. " Their bhiody " hiinis grabbling in my guts." iiT/?. of Join I'dl. GRACE, S. [gratia, Lat.] favour, or l-.indnefs. In Divinity, a favourable influ- ciiCe of God on the human mind ; virtue, or the efrcd of the divine infiacnce; pardon ; a kiiidiief-.; a privilege or favour conferred; elegant behaviour ; or the air and appearance wherewith any thing is done; beauty, either natural, < r licighteiied i)y art ; an embellish- ment, ornament, flower, or perfection. " By " their hands the grcce oi kings miifl die." hhak. A phyfical virtue, or power. " Mickle " is the powerful graa that lies in plants." t:hak. The title of a duke, fo. mrrly given to a king, implying good lefs, or clemency ; a Ihort prayer faid at me::!s, exprefUve of gra- titude or thinks to the divine providence for fupplyingour ncctdjties. To be in a pcrfon's good gracii, is to be favoured or efleemed by him. To GRACE, V. A. to adorn, beautify, embtlUni, dignify, fct cfT, or recommend ; to confer an honour on a perfon ; to dignify or raife by :;n ad of favour. '* Cijc'd by " a nod." Dtyd. GRA'CED, Adj. beautiful; graceful. " The •' properell and befl graced men that ever I ♦' faw." kidney. Seldom iifed. GRA'CKFULLY, Adv. elegantly ; with a pleafing dignity or majcfly. GRA'CEf ULNESS, S. elegance and dig- nity of manner; dignity joined with Iieauiy. GRA'CELESS, Adj. without any virtue, either religions or moral ; wicked or impious. GRA'CIOUS, Adj. \guidc-ux, Fx.grack- /«j, low Lat ] mcrciiui; benevolent; kind; Tirtuous, or good. " Their illlie not being " gracious." ^hjk. GRA'CIOUSLY, Adv. with kind conde- fccnfion; in a pleafing and favourable manner. GRA'CIOUSNESS, S. kiiid condcfcen- fion ; a pleafing manner. GRADA'TION, S. | Fr. of gradtjs, Lat.] a regular progrcfs or advance from one de- gree to another. GRA'DIENT, Adj. [gradiem, Lat.J walk- ing or moving by fteps. GRA'DL' AL, Adj. [giadud, Fr.] pre ceeJ- ing or riling bv degrees; advancing ftep by flcp. GRA'DUAL, S. [gradus] a lligiit of Heps. ** £eioie t.\\c gruGual proftiate they ador'd." GRADUA'LITY, S a regular progreffion; advancing higher by degrees. GRA'DUALLY, Adv. by degrees ; in re- gular progrefTion ; by fteps ; advancing from a lower to a higher degree. To GRA'DUATE, V. A. \gradeur, Fr. ofgrcidiis, Lat.] to dignify with a degree in an univerfity; to mark with degrees, in mea- furing. " He graduates h'ls thcrn>ometers." Derl:cm. To heighten or improve. " Dy- " ers advance and graduate their colours witK " falti." Eroiun. GRAFF, or GRAFT, S. [grcfe, Fr.] in Gardening, ihe fiioot of a tree inferted in, and becoming one with another tree, nou- rithed by its lap, but bearing its own fruit. To GRAF ,!■, V. A. \grj.r, Fr.] to take (hoot from one tree, and infert it into ano- ther, in ft^ch a manner, that both may unite ciofely, or become one tree, to infert into a place, or body, to which it did not originally bclonu'. GR.\T ! ER, S one who propagates fruit, by inferiing the branch of one tree into that, of another. GRAIN, S. \grr.zun,Bnt. grawCfYr.'^ a finglcfeed of corn, or other fruit Figurative- ly, corn. Any minute particle, or fmall body; fome fmall indulge. ice, which impiiesa '•emif- fion of rigour or feverity. " He whofe very " belt a<flion$ muft be feen \vith (ome grain '• of allowance." yUddif. A weight ufed in phyfic, tAenty of wliich make one fcruple » but ill troy weight, twenty-four make a pen- ny weight : it derived this name from its br- ing fuppofed of equal weight with a grain of corn. '] he direction in which the fibres of wood, leathcr,ijf. grow. In Dying, a method ofcommunicatiugcolo rs,fo as to make them more laftiiig than in the common way. 7 he form of the furface, with legard to tmooth- ncfs, roughuefs, or the (ize of the conftitu- cnt fibres or particles of a body. " Bring- g its roughuefs to a very fine ^ <3/».'" 7.fw/. Opt, 1 emper; diipofition ; luimour or inclination. '* Though much againfc the grai?! forced to retire." Diyd. GRAINED, Adj. rough; appearing Irfs fmooth, or weuthcr-beatcn. " Then now this " grained face of mine be hid " Shak. GRAINS, S the hulks of malt of which beer has I)ecn made. GRA'IN /, Adj. full of corn, or feeds. GR^MME'RCY, Iiucrj. fcontraiHcd of grant n:e mtrcy'y an obfolcte expreffion of fur- pri7e. " Gravimcrcy, lovely Lucius, what's " the news .'" ishak. GRAMINl'VOROUS, Adj. eating, ex living upon grafs, '* The gromivivcroui " kind." Sharp. H h 4 GRAM- G R A ($kAM'MAR, S. [gr^T,>:sh-e, Fr.] the art which delivers the rules for fpe'aking or «.\ritii)g any iangiidgepr3per]y Figuratively, jin expreflion or conlbui^ion agretiible to the rules of grammar; a book which delivers rules for fpcakin^ or writing a lanf?uage with pro- ^^riety. Grartv.sir-fckoolf is a place where the 'earned iangu^'jes, or claflics, are tau<;ht. GRAMMARIAN, S. [:^ran:mainen,Vx.'\ e.ne who is /kiifui in, or one who teaches the J-ules of, g'ammiir. GRAMMATICAL,. Adj. [Yr. o£ grarf- matlc:.s, Lat.j belonging to, cr tau<;ht by grammar; confjitcnt with ihe propiiety cf 8hv paiticT2l.-irlangu.c;e. 'GRAMMA'TICALLY, Adv. according to the rules of qiammar. GR AMMATiCA:i'Tc:i^ S. [Lat ]a pter- fon who pretends to, and picjues himfelF on Jiis knowledge of j;rammdr ; a mere verbal Critic, or low grammarian. GRA'MP: E, S. ["^r.r.r.//i-,Fr.]a crib fifh. GRA'IMPUS, S a large filh of the whale kind. GRA'NVRY, S. ^gravarlum, Lat.j a florehoufe for threfbed corn. GRA'NA TE, S. f^/c?i«w,Lat.1a precious ftone of a hi^h red colour, Co called from the J-efemblance it bi'ars to that of a kernel of a pomegranate : it is vulgarly named 3. garnet. The oriental are the bell. GRANDj Adj. [¥i\ grandh, Lat.] great ; illuflrioui ; powerful j fplendid; nob.e; fub- Ijme. GRA'NTDAM, or GRANDA'ME, S. a term of confunguinity, denoting tlie f.ither's or mother's mother. Figuratively, an old withered or decrepit wom.m. "To the g^ r.- " dm! hzg.'" Dryd. In the pedigree of a horfe, the rnare on which the dam of a horfc was got. G.cAND-CHILD, S. thefon or daughter of a ptrfcn's f)n or daughter. ■ GR A'ND-DAUGHTER, S. thedurghter of a fan or dsughtcr. GR ANDE'E, S. [grarJ,Yr.grar.dh, Lat.] a pcrfon of lank, diyiity or power ; one ot the nobility. GRA'NDEUR.S. [Fr.]fplendour,pomp, er magnificence GITA'ND FATHER, S. the father of a pcifons's f.'.ther or mother. GRA'NDITY, S [grur.dh, La?.] clcva- IJTn cf thought, pomp, or magnificence of I'.n^uagCi " Our poeis excel in _jrc«.i;.^ and " ;;ravity." Cair.den. GRA'NDSlRf, S. a grandfather. In Po- etry, any ancertcr. GRA'N'DSON, S. the fon of a perfon's Ton or diiufbter. GRAVGE, S. fFr.] a farm ; a barn, or tjirelhing ifloOr ; a farm houfe at a diftance }#om neinhhouis. GRA'NTIE, S' \p-c:r.lt, Fr. oi grjr.utr, jL,;t. J » variej^ated ftqne or niarble, compofte G R A of Apar-ite rrtd very large concretions, nfdely compjdicd toiTcther, of great hirdnefs, giving fire when flruck v.-::h (lee!, fumtnting with acids, and imperfe<ftiy calcinable in a great fire. Gi<.ANT'VhRO'JS, Adj. eating or living upon grain, " Gram-ves-ous birds." Arhuth. GRAN'NAM, S. [a corruption of ^--a//- diimc] A grardmother. A low word, ufed only in burlcfque. " Oft my ghnnatn told " me." Gay. To GRANT, V, A. ^of garrntlr, Fr.] to admit a thing not proved j to allow or con- cede ; to beftow fomething which cannot be claimed as a r:ght. GRANT, S. the art of giving or befbw- ing a thing which cannot be claiincd as a right ; l!ie thinq granted ; a conccffion. GRA'NTAPLE, Adj. that which maybe given or yielded to another, though he has no claim to it. GRAN' E'E, S. in Law, the perfon to whom any grant is made. GR A'NT OR, S. the perfon tlmt yields or grants any thing to another. G.>< A'NULAVy, Adj. [from grar.uU^ which fee] fmail and compafl, refcmbling a fmal! grain or feed. To GRA'NULATE, V. N {gr nuler, Fr. from granux, Lat. ) to be formed into fmall particles cr grains. Aifhvcjy, to break into fmall mafles or grains; to raiie in inequalities, rt'prefcntir'g feeds or grain. GRaNULA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of forming into fmall mafles ref-mbling grain. GRA'NULE, S. a particle, atom, or glo- bule ; a Imali compaft particle, refembiing a feed or grain of corn. GR.A'NUL0US, Adj. full of 1 ttle grains. GRAPE, S [g'-t!l^pc, Fr. grafpola, Ital.] a fingle berry ot the vine, which grows in cluilcrs, the jiuce of which is wine. GRt'PESTONE, S. the (lone or feed of a grape. GRA'PHICAL, Adj [from y^a^^x, Gr.] sppe.ir:ng as if wiittcn; well formed, de- fcribed, or delien !ted. " The letters will " grow more hirge and ^r<r^i{'/i-t;/." Bac. GRAPHICALLY, Adv. well defcribedj dtfcribsd minurely, or in a pi(fturefque man- ner. " The civit cat is ^rd/;ife;Vrf/^ defcrib- " ed by Caflpllus " Bniin. GR.-'PNEL, S. ^grajln, Fr.] a fmall rnchor bclo.-gi- g to a little veflel ; a grap- pling iion, ufcd in a fea- fight to fallen Ihips together. 'To GRA'PPLE, V. N. \grppan, "^ax. gycppare, Iiaj.j to l:.y fall iicld on a perfon ; ;o combat, or engage in clofefioht ; tofdften, unite, cr join infep.irably " Cr^ipUi you to ' the heart and love of us " ■'-hak. GRA'PPLE, S. a clofe combat, in which perfi)nsfci7.e fafl hold on tacli other; an iron •nfliumtnr, ufcd tofadcn one Ihip to another, TtRA'SIER S. See Grazier. . I'd GRASP, V.A. [j:r«,7^rf,Ital.j to holtj G R A in tbe hand wilh the fingers fliiit ; to feize, or catch at ; to ftruggle, drive, or grapple. " As one that gialpt and tugg'd for Hfe." Shak, 1 o gfipe ; to encroach ; to be infati- abk-inone'- puri nit after riches. '■'■\V\\ograJps ani^ grafpi till he can hold no more." Dryd. GRaSP, S. the gripe or feizure of the hand j the zCt of holding a thing in the hand with the fingers Ihift or doubled over it j pof- ie/Tion or hold. GKA'SPER, S. one who feizes, grafps, or catches at. GRASS, S. [g-s!, Goth.] the comnnon herbage of the fields, on which cattle feed, of which there are feveral fpecies. To GRASS, V. N. to produce grafs. GRA'SSHOPPER. S. a fmall infe^, found among the fummer grafs, named from its hopping, for which it is remarkably form- ed by nature. ' GRA'sSPLAT, S. a fmalllcvel piece of ground in a garden, &c. covered with grafs. GRA'SSY, Adj. covered with, or abound- ing in grafs. GRATE, S. [crates, Lat] a partition made with iron bars, or wires eroding each other, placed at the windows or other aper- tures of prifons, cloiflers, or tradefmen's /hops; a receptacle vvith ron bars, fixed in kitchen.-, within which fires are made. To GRATE, V. A [gratter, Fr.J to rub, or wear off the particles from any thing by lub'jihg it J to offend by any thing h.irlh or vexatious ; to offend the ear by a harfh and dif.igreeable found ; to make a difagreeable or harlh found by drawing one hard thing o- Ver another. GRA'TEFUL, Adj. [grains, Lat.] having a due fenfe of benefits conferred ; pleafing ; agreeabie j delightful to the fenfes or mind ; tlelicious. _ GRA'TEFULLY, Adv. in a manner wil- ling to acknowledge, repay, and retain a pro- per fcnfe of an obligation ; in a pleafing or agreeable manner GRA'TEFULNESS, S. gratitude; the quality of being agreeable, acceptable, or afTording delight. GRA'TER, S. [gratoh; Fr.] a kind of coarfe file, or inftrument formed of tin or filver punched in holes, with which foft things are rubbed to powder. GRATIFICA'TION, S [Yt. gratlfcatio, Lat.] ihc aift of pleafing ; the aifl of comply- ing with, and anTweriiig the cravings of the feufudi appetites ; pleafure; delight; a re- ward or rtcom pence. ' To GRA' , IFY, V. A. [gratlfjcr, Fr.] to indulge ; to plcaie by compliance j to do a llung in order to plcafe or delight ; to rccjuite, repay, or reward. GRA'TINGLY,Adv.har(hly;oirennvely, GRA'I iS,Adv.[Lat.] fornothing; with- out being paid, or receiving any thing in leturji. GRA CRA'TITUDE, S. a virtue, confining in a due fenfc and outward acknowlegement of a benefit received, togetlur with a rcadinefs to return the fame, or the like. GRAJ'U'ITOUS, Adj [gratmtus, Lat. graiuiti7r.'\ voluntary, orgianted either with- out afking or merit ; alierted without proof. '■ T his ^rflf7;7>o.vj declination of a' oms "Rcy, GRATU'irOUSLY, Adv without claim or merit ; without proof. " I his obliquity of " direftion which they gratuitoujly tick to " matter." Cheyne. GRA.U'HY, S. [gratuue, Fr.] a free gi'ft ; a prefent ; an ackn -.vledgment. I o GRA' 1 ULATE, V. A. \^,atulatus, of gratulor, Lat.] to congratulate. GRA ; ULA'TION, [gratulano, Lat.] fa- lutations made by exprelung joy ; compli- ments expredino joy ; an cxprellion of joy. GRA'ti'LATORY, Adj. cxprefling joy for the fuccefs, preferment, or good fortune of another ; congj-atulatory. GRAVE, S. gr^rf. Sax. j a hole dug in the ground wherein a dead body is, or is to be b'jiied. To GRAVE, V A. fpret. grained, particip. pair. ^7-tf'^fK, y^xf-ji, Gr.) to cut figur^ s or in- scriptions with a Iharp pointed tool on any hard fubJhmce or mta! ; to copy pictures or w/ iiinps with a (harp pointed inltrumenr, on v.-ood, copper, or pewter, in order to be printed on paper ; to inter, entomb, or bury : An ob- ieletc fenfe. " Ditches graire you all." Si'ak, Toclean,-t:aulk,or fcr.ipe the bottom of a fliip. GRAVE, Adj. [Fr.gra-vis, Lat.] folcain ; ferious ; of a model} colour', not ihowy or taw- dry. Not Iharp or acute, applied to Ibund. GRA'VE-^-L.OATHS, S. the particular drefs of the dead ; a (hroud. GRA'VEL, S. [giwiei , FT.graw/hi, Ital.] a kmdof ea/th ufed for walks in gardens, tiic finer part of which is vellow,and appears like a large gritted faiid, and thecoarfcr is acosnpofi- \ioii of flints-orfiiiallpcbble-ftones. InPliyfic, a difeafc in the kiduic's or bladder, occafioned by a gritty collu'lion of matter therein, where- by the due fecrttion and excretion of the u- rine is impeded. When this fubl^ance (trong- ly cohere.':, and forms a hard mafs, it is then called they?jw? To GRA'VEL, V. A. to pave or cover with gr.T.cl; to puzzle, put to a ftand, or cmbarrals a perfon with (ome difficulty he cannot folve. GRA'VTLESS,S. without a grave ortomb. CiltAVE'Li.Y, Adj. [gra-vd^ux, Fr.j con- fifling or abounding in gravel. GR.'\.'VKLY, Adv. in a fjlcmn, or feri- ou.s manner ; witiiout gauditu-fs or fliow GRA'VIiNESS, S. fcriouinds; folcmnity, GRA'VER,S. [gra-veur,Vr. '"ceCrn-z.-cthc verb ) an engiavcr, or one who copies defign.s with a fliarp pointed tool or (lilc, on mc'alsor wood to be printed on paper. 'Ihe C.ileor fliarp pointed irillrument ufed hvan cncrravcr. GRA'VIDITY, S. [^ra-vhlita^, Lat.j the II.. l: G R E ftate of bring v.-th child, •" The fi^ns of •' grai'idity." jirbuib. GRAVING, S. any pi^ce engraved; car- ved work " J o grave any manner oi gra- fifg ;" 7, Chron. ii. 14. To GRA'VJTATE, V. N. [frorr gravis Lat ] to tend to the cenier. GRAVIIA'TION, S. the aft of tending to the center. GRA'VITY, S, gra-vtt/, Fr. gn-.r-ita^, Lat.} weight ; hcavinels; the power or virtue Lv which boJies naturally tend to the center. dra-v\t\', applied to the nr.f.ne of ri(flions, de- notes their nature, or qua'ity ; but when ap- plied to crimes, their atrccioufncfs. " Tc " pui'.ilh the injury, accorJing to x\\t gia-v'ity ♦' of the faft.". Hncke. Applied to the coun tenance or beliaviour, fcrioufnefi ; folemni ty; miijefly ; or awfulnefs. GRA'Vif, S. the juice which runs from meat when not over-done. GRAY, Adj {gr/rg^ Srix.] white with a mixture ot bbck. White or hoary with age, applied tc the hair. Blue with a mixtuie of Llick; refen bling the colour of aflies. GRA'Y-BEARD, S. f.guiatively, an old TTiar : ufed in contempt. " Afraid to tell " grn-;-Uatdi the truth." Shck. GRA'YL1NG,S. [nameJfrcm its colour.] a filhof a fine fhape, white nefli, having its teerh in its throat, found ia the fame rivers irith trout, and uken with th; Uv^^c baits, and in the fame manner. GRA'YNESS, S the quality of being gra^', or being hoary by age. To GRAZE, V. N [-rjfdti, Sax.] to eat rr feed on grai's; tc produce grafs j to br.uh in parting; to touch lightly, generally ap- plied to a bu'let " Like to the bullet's. g'uz'.Kg." Shak. Actively, to tend, to kt CJttle to feed on grafs ; to e^t or feed upon t>rafs. " Lambs uiih wolves fnailfi-ax:- the verdiint mead." Fo^e. GRA'ZIER, S. one whofe trade is to feed or breed cattle for food. GREASE, S [pronounced grecfe ; from gr^'J)':, Fr.] the foft p trt of the fat of animals . in Farriery, a fwelling and goindineA of the heels, occafioned by hard labour, colds, tifc. 'Jo GREASE, V. A. to finear, anoint, to foot with grcjfe; to bribe or cot rupt with prcfcnts. " '1 he ^rfj.'V advocate." Drvd. A li»v word. GREASINESS, S. oilinefs, or fati?efs. GRE'ASY, Adj. oily; fat; fpotted or fmeared with greafc ; Cv)rpulcnt. A Term of reproach. " '\'h\sgreafy knight." Sluk. GREAT, Adj. [^xoTiouncd gf ate oi gnat, Sax. e' -<•■•'. I^<^lft' J '^""S^ ^" hwVK, number or quantity ; having any cju.ility in a high de- "rce. Long or conliderablc. applied to time, or duratioa. Chief or principal. " The_g-rf.:r *' fcal." t'hak. High in lunk, orextenfivc in power ; illuftrious, or emir. :nt. " Great " in might." Jcr. x. 6. Majc^.ic, or grand G R E in afpe£l or mien. «' She walks ferendy '■' greui.'"' Waller. Haugluy, fwelling, or proud, " Difcouraged with ^ivar looks." Kr.o'.ks. To hi ^rcat with, to be familiar, or intimately accjuainted. " Thofe that are gr^iJt "u.tb " them." Bac, Teeming, or witli child. " A ^' great belly." In pedigree it is added in every llep of afcending Cunlanguinity beyond a father or grandfather, and in every flep of defcending conCanguinitybeyonda grandfon : Thus a ^r^af- grandfon is the f^n of a per- fon's grandfon. A ^^/Mr-grandfiiher, the fa- ther of a perfon's grandfather, or the grand- father of a perlon's father; and ^rw/-unclc is the uncle of a perfju's father. GRE'AT-.RELLIED, Adj. pregnant; with chili. " Great bdlicd women." Slak, To GRE'ATEN, V. N. to enlarge ; to make great, powerful, or rich. Not in ufc. GREAT-HE ARTED, Adj. hgh fpirit- cd ; proud. " The enrl as g'cat-b atrd as " he, declared he neither cared foi his friend- " (hip, nor feared his hatred." Clarcnd. G RE'ATLY, Adv. very much ; in a great or high degree ; nobly ; in an ilhiftrious man- ner. " Thoa greatly didft expire." Vryd, Couragioufly ; bravely. " Greatly turn their " backs againll the foe " AddiJ. GRt'A'rNtSS, S. largenefs, applied to quantity, fize, or number High place or dignity; a confcioufnei's of fuperior birth or rank. " 'Tis not of pride or greatrcfs he " Cometh riot on bourJ." Ba:. Magnanimity, " noblcnefi. '* Gnatitcjsoi ai'md." I'ar.Loji, Grandeur; flate ; magnificence. GRE'CISM, S. [grieafuMi, Lat.] a con- rti^fllun, idiom, or exprcffion peculiar to the Greek langu-ige. GRE'f.DILY,Adv. in an eager, hafly, or ravenous manner; with keen appetite or dc- fne. GRE'EDINESS, S. \gredigrcffe, Siix.] ra- vcnoufnefs; voracious hunger; eagernefs of appetite or dcfire. GRE'EDY, Adj, f^/W.;^-, Sax.] ravenous; hungry ; incited with a violent defirc of fcod j eager ; vehemently dchroiis. 'green. Adj. [grenc, Sax.] having a co- lour like that of grafs: in compofitions of dy- ing and painting, made by mining blue or black, :.nd yellow toge.hir. Flouriihing; frelh; undcciiyed ; new, or lately made. " A wen " wound." Unripe; imiUature; young, allu- ding to fruits being green before they arc ripe. green, S the colour of gr.^fs, or that which lefembles it. In Optics, it is one of the original, fm.ple, or primary rays of light ; but in dying is caufed by compounoing blee and yellow, (^c. As this colour ratl.er re- frefh'es than impairs the bght, thegoodriefs of Providence is manifefted in caufing it to be rc- flL-dled from the furface of vegetables, prefe- rably to any other. Figuratively, a plain co- vered with grafs. The leaves ot tiecs and ve- getables, oppofcd to their flowers. In Cook- G R E ery, ufed in the plural for thofe plants which are of 'his colouf, and eaten boiled. GRE'EN- BROOM, S. a (lirub which grows wild upon barren heaths, and is uftd in makinn befoms. GRE'EN-CLOTH, S. aboard, or court of juftice, held in the counting-hoiifc of the king's houlhold, for taking cognizance of nli matters of govcrninent and juffice within the king's court royal, and for correfting all the fervants that offend. GRE'( NEYED, Adj. havingeyes colour- ed vvlt'n green. " Gra>ieyciJ ]eAouCy.'" GRP.'ENFINCH, S. [gmiifnc, Teut.J a bird, fo called from its colour. GRE ENGAGE, S. a fpecies of plumb of a green colour. GRE'FNHOUSE, S. a honfe or place iiv which exotics or tender plants are kept from the inclemencies of our climate, and furnifl)- ed with fuch a degree of heat as is proper to mrke them grow. GR£'ENlt;H, Adj, fomcwhat green ; tending to green. Gi'^E'ENLY, Adj. with a grecnifh colour; newly; fieiljly ; immaturely. GRE'iNNEiS, 3. the quality of being green, or prefei ving verdure. Figar.itivcly, a ilatc of immaturity or u.^ripenefs ; r-ewncfb' GRE'ENSICKNESS. S. in Medicine, a diforder incident to virgins, fo calkd from the palcnefs with which it is attended. GR E'ENS\VARD,or GRE'ENS WORD, S. the turf on which grufs grows ; a field. GRE'ENWOOD, S. wood conlidcred as it appears when its leaves are out. 70 GP,EET, V. A. [^re!£n,rjetta?t, Sax. J to addrefsat a meeting; to fa'.ute in kindnefs or refpeft ; to con.gratul»te ; to wifh health ; to fend or pay compliments at a diffancc. GRE ETER, S. he th.t pays his compli- ments to another. GRE'ETING, S. falutation, or compli- ment. GREGA'RIOUS, Adj. [gregwius, Lat.] aflimbllng in fio. ks or herds. " No birds of " pr"y ire gregiirious." Riiy. GRE'NADltR, S. Ign-Miiier, Fr.j a fall foldier, armed as other foldieis, btfidesa pouch full of grenadoes, from whence the name is derived. Every battalion of foot has a com- pany of grenadiers belonging to it. GRE'NADE, or GRENADO, S, \gre- nade, Fr] a hollow ball of iron, brafs, glafs, or potters earth, filkd wiih gunpowder, and fitted with a fufee to give it fire. When the fire reaches the hollow of the ball, the cafe flics into pieces, which greatly hurt, if not kill thofe they ftrike. GRENT, S a fofhle body, coufifling of a congeries of cry rtuls, or fparks of fpar, of the Czeof bay fait, andof a brown fliining colour. GREW, preter of C-Voiy. GREY, Adj. Sec C/ «.;);, which is the moft proper fpelling. G R I CRE'YHOUND, S. [formerly wtltten grey bund, of grighund. Sax. or of grey, Ifl, a dog, and l^unta, Ifl. a hunter] a tall fleet hound that chafes in fight. To GRIDE, V N. {grUarc Ital.] to Cut J to make way by cutting. " The griding " fword." Par. Loft. GRi'DELTN, S. a colour compounded of white and red. GRIDI'RON, S. a mo>reah!e frame or grate of iron iiars placed parrellel to each other, whrch isufedtodrefsvihuaisover afire. GRR- F, S. [pronounced ^r^/-/"; from^r^ Brit. J forrowfor fomething which is palt ; a grievance, opprefllon, or injury. " For redrefs " of all ihti't gnefs." Stak. Pain, or difeafe GRIE'VANCE, S. that which makes a perfon unedfy,generally applied to the anions or conduf; of another. To GKIEVE V.A. [pronounced j-»f<wj gre-uer, Fr.] to afRirt ; to hurt; to make a perfon tmeafy hy fome unkind or ofFenfivc iO'wn; to be fjrrowful. GRIE'VINGLY, Adv. with forrow; for- rowfuily. tSRIE'VOU.S, Adj. [gra-z^ls, Lat. S« Grirw] afHiaive, or cauling p^in not eafily borne ; caufing forrow; e.xprelling great un- eaiinefs. " Grie-vous complaints " Chr. Great, or atrocious, applied lo crimes. " It was a irrk"jous fault." iibak. GRIE'VOUSLY. Adv. with great ofTencc, difcuntent or ill will; prodigioufly, orfoas to accafion great uneafm.;fs. •■■ GricvzvUy vexed." Hooker. - ^ GRI£'VOUS:>IESS, S. forrow ; p,!n ; a flats of Calamity, oppreffion, or wretched- neis. " T he j^/'irt/cK^j/zf/icif war." //i/. xxi 15. GRI'FP-IN, or GRCFFON, S. a fabled animal, fjid to be generated between a lion and an eagle, having th? head and paws of the former, and the wings of the latter. GRIG, S. in its primary icnk, fignifies any thing below the natural fizej a fpecies of eels. Figuratively, a merry, a^ive, and jocofe perfon. To GRILL, V. N. [grUU,Yt.] to broil or drefs meat on a giiJiron. To GRI'LLY, V. A. [itom grill.} tohar. "^^■., " "^*'e'ic^''//'V<^ all at Temple-Bar." Iitidib. GRIM, Adj. \grlnma, Sax.] having a fierce or awfully fuiien countenance ; hide- ous; frightful ; ugly : ill-looking. " Grim- " vifag'd war has fmooth'd his wrinkled " front." Sbdk. _ GRIMA'CE, S. [Fr. See Griw.] a diflor- tion of the countenance from hal)it, alfccSta- (ion, or infolence ; vulgarly filled making mouths. An air of aficclation. GRIMA'LKIN. S. an .ippellative for an old gray cat. " Grimolkin to domeftic ver- " min fworn— an cverlafiing foe." Philips. GRIME, S. [from jrWw] dirt that is in- grained or not cafiiy wallicd off. T» G R I to GRIME, V A. to dirt fo as it cannot t)C eafily wallied off. GRl'MLY, Adv. in a terrible, hideous, or horrible manner. Jn a fierce, flern, or liillen manner, applied to the looks. 1 GX I'lNINES.S, S. a look which proceeds from the ficiccnefs or fuller.nefs ot a pcrfon's dirpofitiun. To GRIN, V. N. [v-rtnriay.. Sax. grma- ici , Fr.] to fct the tecih together, and wirh- draw the lips, uf^d both as a fign of mirth, and anguifli. GRIn', >. the z(\ of clollngthe teeth, and ■withdraivirg the iips from them, fo 3Sto cx- pofe them to v;( w ; the ..ft of Ihewing the teeth, ufcd as an t.^i.fi of mirth, or anguiih. ToGRIND,V.A. [pret. andparticip pad; ^rourd, grimian, bax. ; to reduce any thing to powder by attrition or rubbing ; to ftiarpen or fmoolh by rubbipg on fomethinghard , to rub one agaiiifl aiiother; toharrafs oropprefs by ejitcrticn, 7o fliarpen an indrument by holding it on a round itone,\\ hich is turned a- boutthewhiiejtoinoveamillj to fix the teeth clofe, and move them, fo as to make a noife. GRI'NDER, S. one who grinds or works In a nn ilj the ialirument of grinding. In irony, or contempr, the teeth in general are «alkd by tiiis n iiiH-. GR FNDL KSTONE, or G R I' N D- STOME, S. the flone on which edged tools are (harpcned GR.IN N£R , S. one who grins or fiiuts his teeth, and opens his lips fo as to expofe them. GRrNNINGLY, Adv. with a grinning laugh ; in a grinning manner To GRFPE, V. A. [grel^a>i, Go^h.] to hdid tight in the hand; to foueeze with the fingers ciofcd over it ; to catch eagerly ; to feize ; to opprefr, ; to pinch, prefs, or fijueeze; to pinch the belly; to give the cliolic, at- tended with a fii.trp pain in the bowels. GRIPE,S. See the verb] agrafp or ftiziire of the hand or paw ; a foueeze or prcITure. Figuratively, opprefiion, extortion, or crufhing power. In theplural.tht l)elly-acli; the cholic. GRI'FER, S. one v\ ho opprefles the poor j an i.'ftirer ; an e:-:tortif ncr. G\lI']'JN(;jLY,Adv. attended with a pain in the belly. GRIS.VMBER, S. a corruption of amber- grcafc. " Cnfa'uLer (!cam'd " Milt. GRI'SKIN'.S. [grifghi, Ir.] the b.ick bone of a hoc. GRl'SLY, M}.\griJlie,S!X^.] dreadful; lionid. GR I'ST, S toll taken by the miller when he grinds cthf r people's corn ; corn to be ground. Figi;ratively, a fiipply of provifion. To bring grijf to tbe n:i:l is a figurative and pro- verbial espreflion for producing profit or gain. CRI'SThE, S. [grjh, S-ix. I in Anato. ny, a cartilage, or flefhy fubflance, very clailic, toi;eh, and next in hardnefsto a bone. GRl'STLY, Adj. cartilaginous; coiiful- G R O ing of griftle ; having the nature or prnpef-' lies of giiftle. Gil, S. \gyfct., Sax.) br^n, or the coarfe part of meal ; oats huftied, and coarfc- ly ground ; fand; a particle of fard ; rough, haul, particles Gi<I'TTINESS, S. fandinefs; the quali- ty of aboil ding in grit, or little, rough, hard, and faiidy particles. GRI' n Y, Adj full of little, rough, h'ard, and fandy particles. G 'X J'ZELINT, S. a corrupt/on of Gn4e!in. GRl'ZZLE, S. Igrijaile, Fr.J a co'oiir made of a mixture of white and b!ack, mofl commonly applied to that of perukes, or thff hair ; gray. GR'rzZLED,Adj. interfperfed with black and white hairs; gray. To GROAN, V. N. {grr.tiian. Sax.] to breathe with a hoarfe noife, in pain or agony. GROAN, S. fgro-zi.'n, Frit.] a deep ligh, attended v\ith a hoirfe,noife, made by per- fons in pain and agony. Figuratively, any ho;.rfe, dead found. CROAT, S. (pronounced ^/az/r] a fdver CO n, value four- pence : hence it is uf d for fcur-pcnce, though, confifting of coppei coin. The lilver money, in the Saxon times were of no greater value than a penny, which be- ing divided quarterly en the reverfe, when they wanted a fai thing, they broke it into four pieces. This, according to fome, was the only money we had, even after the con- queft, till Edward I. coined ^,r^tM nr gr^an, i e. great pennies, or pieces, which went for four-pence, about 1351. This was the frate of our coin, till Henry VIII. in 15 4.^ firft coined fhiilings, Groa:s in the plural, from groct. Sax. Ugnifies oats that have the hulls taken ofT. GROWER, S. one that buys and fells teas, fugars, plumbs, &'c. A gr en-grocei-y is one that buys and fells greens. GRO'CERY, S the waies fold byagrocer, fuch as tea, fugar, raifins, fpicc, &c. GRO'GERAM,GRO'GRAM, or GRO'- GR.AN, .S. a fort of fluff", all f:lk, woven with a large woof, and a rough pile GROIN, S. [generally pronounced j-r/w} that part of ilie body which is between the belly and the thigh, GROOM, S. [grom. Belg. a boy] a boy, waiter, or fervant ; one uho tends or looks after horfes ; a man nev,ly married. " By " th.is tlie brides are waked, \.\\tr grooms are " dreflcd." Dryd. ^ce Bridc^rccm. GROOVE, S. [grobs, Goth.] a deep ca- vern or hollow in a mine. " Vv^ork in a " groove ox mine-pit." Boyle, A channel, or hollow rut in wood. To GROOVE, V. A. to cut hollow, or in channels. To GROPE, V. N. Igrapan, gratian. Sax.] to feel one's way out in cale ot blind- ncfs or darknefs ; to have an imperfc<i\ idea of G R O of a thing; to feel after a thing where a per- ibn C''nnt)t fee. GRO'PER.. S. one who fearches after, or endeavours to find a thing in the dark. GROSS, Adj. Igros, Fr. grofo, Ital.J larfje, thick, or bulky, applied to fize. Shameful, very erroneous, coarfe, or pal- pable, applied to fentinients. Clumfy, or in- «le^ant, applied to fliapc Thick, applied ■to the conliftence of any fluid. Stupid, or <ii:!l, applied to the underftanding. Coarfe, thick, fat or bulky, applied to the fize of the body. Impure j foul, applied to the hu- mours of the body. GROSS, S. the main body or main force of an army ; the bulk ; the whole. The major part or body, applied to number, or a colle<ftion of men. In Commerce, a num- ber confifting of twelve dozen, or one hun- dred and forty-foi;r. GRO'SSLY, Adv. in large or coarfe par tides. Without any fubtiety, art, or deli- cacy; flagrantly, or palpably. " Grojsly ■" mifreprefented." Szvift. GROr, S. \grotte, Fr. grotta, Ital] a cave, or cavern formed and frequented for coolnefs, or pleafurc. See Grotto. GROTE'SQUE, Adj. [Fr grotefco, Ital.] 4iftorted in figure; unnatural ; \vi dly form- ed, withcutany reg^ird to natureorpropiietv. GRO'TTO, S \grMte,Yr. g'Ctta, ItaL] a cavern or cave made for pleafuie. Ufed rometime.<;^ as by tiie Italians, from whom it is derived, for a da.'-k < r honid caver.? GROVE, S. [gra-f. Sax.] a walk formed by trees, whofe branches meet above. To GRO'VEL, V N. to lie proftrate, or with one's belly on the ground ; to creep along with one's belly on the ground ; to have low, mean or abje<rt thoughts. GROUND, S. [grund, Sax.] the earth, confidercd as that which fupports us wjjen walking, as oppofed to air or water, or as fi- tuated low ; land ; a country; a farm, eftatc^ or poflcdion; the floor or level of a place. In the plural, the dregs, lees, or that which fettles at the bottom of liquors. In Paint- ' ing, the firft layer of colours, or that on which the images are painted and defcribed. The firft principles, applied to knowledge or fcience. The fpace occupied by an army, as they fig'it, advance, or retreat ; trie inter- vening fpce, or difiance b-.-tween the flitr and purfuer. Hence, to /i5/>r's.v/.v/, applird to an army, is to be driven backwards To Jiand ire'"} gruifid, is to make a power tul re- finance, 'lo get ground, is to gain advantage over an enemy applied to an army ; to make aprogrefs, applied to an opinion. To GROUND, . A. 'to fix or fupport upon the ground ; to build, found, or fettle as upon a caiifc or firft principle, applied to opinions T"o fettle in the firft principles or r::dimcntsafknowledge,appliedtoinftrudtJon. GROUND, S. the prftci- of Crf:d. G R O GROUND-ASH, S. a tree, fo called, be- caufe its Ihoots grow near the ground, on ac- count of its being cut, when young, about an inch from the earth. Gi<OU'ND,B'\IT, S. a bait made of bar- ley, or malt boiled, feV. wliich is throw« into the rivsr, where you intend to angle, and finking to the bottom, or ground, draws the fifa after it. GROU'NDFLOOR, S. the lower Hory of a houfc, level with the external ground. GROU'NDIVY, S. a pi.mt, Ukewifo named aid. oof, or lur.I.ocf. GROU'ND ESS, Adj. .without any foun- dation, renfon, or juftice. GROU'NiJLESSLY. Adv. in an unjiia manner ; without rcafon, caufe,or foundation, GROUND'LESSNESS, S, wantof caule, foundation, or fupport. GROU'NDf JNG, S. a fift, which keeps at the bottom of the water. Figuintiveiy,..a perfbn of mean groveling, or vulgar tiioughts, GROU'ND-OAK, S. a kind of, low p#k, or underwood. GROU'ND-PfNE, S a plant growing pa dry and barren'hills. GROU'ND-PLATE, S. in ArchiteaurCg the outermofl pieces of timber lying on or near the ground, and framed into one ano- ther with mortifes and tenons. GROU'KD-PLOT, S. the ground on which any building is placed ; the jchno- praphy of a building. GROU'ND-RENT, S. rent paid for th® ground on- which an honfe is built. GROU'ND-ROOM, S, a joom on ihs lower (lory. GROU'NDSEL, S. the foot ppft of 3 door ; or the timber or raifed paven5ent ,of a houfe next the door ; a threlhold, Jfi Borany, the fenccio, Lat. and hncon, Fr. It is placed in the fcccnd ^zL\. of Tournefoit's I ah clafs, and in the fecond fc<fi. of Lin- nxus's iith. It is alfo fpelt ^loundfd, GROU'NDWORK, S. in Painting, tiaat colour or p rt on which all the. images are drawn. A foundation of a building. FigU' ratively, the fundamentals, or firft pait.of an undertaking ; the rudiments, or firft pinciplesof a fcience ; the true capfe,, aW' tion, or reaf^n. GROUP, S. [pronounced g'-oop, groufpe, Fr. Crapf-o, Ital.J in PainlingVud Sculpture, an affemblage or knot of two or more figufe« of men, ts^c. Figuratively, a crowd ; % clufler ; a huddle ; a number thronged to- gether. To GROUP, V. A. in Painting, to ^?- fcribe or introduce fev.erai figures, into onj piece. GROUSE, S. a kind of fowl, named Lciith-gair.e. GROUT, S[Greo\ Sax. 1 coarfe ffiCil or poilaid ; -a kind of wild apple. I To GROW, V. N. [pret.cv f •■•«', r^^' G U A GRUM, Adj. [contr3{\ed from grumL'e.'J furly, or murofe, applied to a perfon's looks. " Nic. looked four and _^/-«r«." Hiji. of J- Bull. To GRU'MBLE, V. N. to murmur with difcoutcnt ; to growl or fiiarl. '* Giumblirig " o'er his pity.'' To make a hoarfe or rat- tlint; noire, applied to tliunier. GRU'MBLER, S. one that murmurs with difcontcnt ; a difcontented perfon. GRU'MBLING,S, a nuirmuririg through difcontent. GRUME, S. [greuweaii, Fr.^r?;»;7j,Lat.J a thick viicid conlideiiGC of a fluid, like that of the white of an egg, or like clotted blood. GRU'MLY, Adv. in a morofc, four, or fiirly manner. GRU'MOUS, Adj. thick or dotted. GRU MOUSN ESS, S. the thicknefs of any curdled or clotted liquor. To GRUNT, or GRUNTLR, V. A to make a hoaife difcontentcd noifc, applied to a hog. GRUNT, S. the noife made by a hog. GK.UNTK.R, S. one that grunts. Alow word for a hog. To GRUTCH, V. A. [corrupted from grudge, for the fake of rliimej to envy, or be uneafy at the advantage of another. '* I " mull not ^-utch." But yohnjon. GRUTCH, S. [See the verb] mslice or ill- will. '' To whom iic bare fo fell igrutcb." HuM. GllARANTE'E, S. [pronounced ga- ranue ; gjrar.t^ Fr. j a power who undcr- tr.kes to fee the conditions of any league, peace, or bargain performed. To GUA'RANTY, V. .1. CpronounctJ garaivy.] to undertake to fee the articles of any treaty kept. To GUARD, V. A. [pronounced garJ ; Ballads \\iniK^\ garihr, Fr.] to watch in order to fecurefroni, r pievc\U a furprize, or fuddeii danger ; to To GRUDGE, V A.' to envy, or view | protect or defend j to antieip'te, or fecure agiinll ohjcdtioDS, GUARD, S. [pronounced ^j;-i, of garife, t\. j a man, or body of men employed to wjicli, in order to defend from danger, or prevent turprizo. Ufed with oh or o^', a ftate of caution or vigil'.nee. A limitation ; an- ticiDdtion of an ohjeftioii. " Exprefltd •• themfelves wiih as tew gi,jrJs and reftric- •* x\on> M I." yitterb. In Fencing, an ac- tion or po'fure proper to defend the body from the efforts of an enemy. Advanced jruard, is a party of horfe or foot which marches before a corps to give notice of ap- proaching danger. Main gujrd, is that from which all the other guards are detached. Piquet guard, is a number of horie and foot always in readincD, in c^fe of an alarm, the liorfcs being fadJK.d and their riders booted. Guards, i<i the plural, is particularly applied to tlwjfe troops or companies, which are kept up to guard the king. In Allrotiomy, a name G R U pafE ^f-imin] to incrcafe in length 6r fictent, applied to the vcgc»tion of plants. To be produced by vegetation ; to incicafc in (la- turc, or bulk ; to proceed or aiife, as from a caufe. To accrue, or become due, applied to the incrcafeof intereft due on money lent. " The funi that I do owe to you— is^i-iw " Ing to me by Antipholis." ^huk. Applied to the fea by mariners, to fwell or roll. •' When the fea is never fo little grown." B.aletgh. GRO'WER, S. that which vegetates, or increafes in height or bulk. To GROWL, V. N. [grolU, Tcut J to fiiarl; murmur; or grumble. GROWN, [parL. pifi! of Grown.'] ad- vanced in or increafcd by growth ; covered or filled by the growth of any thing ; arrived at full growth or (lature. GROW i'H, S. vegetation ; vegetable life ; increafe by ve^ctJtion j prodLKfl, or the thing produced ; increafein number, bulk, frequency, ftature, or impiovtnient. GRO'WTHEAD, or GRO'WNI'OL, S. a kind of fifh, fo called froni the greatneis of its head. Figuratively, an idle, lazy perfon. To GRUB, V. A. to dellroy or extirpa'e, by digging or throwing up the foil ; to pull up by the roots ; to dirt one's cloathsor flelh. GRUB, S. in Natural Hilbry, a fmall worm that eats holes in bodies. In Modi- cine, a white unftuous pimple, or little tu mour, arihng on the face, chiefly on the alas of the nofe. , To GRU'BBLE, V. N. [grubekr., Ger.]' to grope, ur feel in the dark. '• Lst nie *' rowl and ^rirTi-'t? thee." Dryd. GRU'B-S TREET, S. the n-me of a ftrect in London, once famous for ih.e relidence of meaner and hireling authors. Ufed as an ad jeftive, it iignlfies mean, low, and dull, applied to compoiitions. "and Gruhflnec lays." Gay To GRUDGE, V A. i the advantages of another with difcontent and uneafmcfs; to give or take lln^^illillgly. GRUDGE. S. an old cjiiarrcl. Figura- • lively, ill-will, anger; refentment; envy; or envious refentmcnt. "• l hole to whom " you have \\'\X.\\ grudge preferred me." Ben Jdhnfon. GRU'DGING, S. the art of envying a perfon what he has, or of giving with great rehi£\ance. GRU'EL, S. \gruclk, Fr J a kind of fpoon-meat or broili, made of oatmeal boiled in water; any kind of mixtu;c or broth, made by boilii.g ingriJients n water. GRUFF, Adj. \groff, Ctlg.J four, furly, or morofe, applied to the afpcft and beha- viour. GRU'FFLY, Adv. in a four, morofe, or furly manner. GRU'FFHESS, S. harlhncfi of voice, or furlincfs of look. G U E G U I name fometlmes applied to the two ftars !\vith very little infervuption, to the crown of Heareft the pole. I England. '7 his ilhnd ii.is a peculiar flower, GUA'RDER. S. one who protefts, dc- Cjlkd i/V'.v?! Surrlcnje \ the leaves of which ferds, or watches. are covered with ipangles like goM-duft. It GUA'RDIAN, S. [gardien, Fr.] one \\ho gives title of huron to the eiirl of Aylesford. has the care of an Lrphan, or pcifon whole Here a_vfry harbiyoiis fcenc was afted in parents are dejj'; one to whom the care or cjiieen Mary's reign ; a mother and her two prefervation of any thing is committed ,, daughters, the mother beinj» a lb hij witti fomcti.ncs named luiiiJcn. GU.ARDIAN, Adj. performing the of- fice of a kind proteftor and defender. GUrv'RDLESS, Adj. without defence; without anv aid, or defender. GUA'RDSHIP, S. care ; protftion ; or the date of a perfon under the difpofal of guardians; a king's (hip, employed in guard- ing the cnaft. GUA'VA, or CUIA'VA, S. in Botany, thcpjuiium. Linnius places it in the hi It fed. of hrs 12th claf? child, were I'urnt at a ftakefor Proteftantifm, in purfiiance of the fentence of the De.ia (one J-ajiies Amy) and the clergy of the ■Hand, ft lies about twenty four miles W. of Cape a Hogue, in Norm::ndy, a«id fixty S, of Portland-in Dorfetlhire. To GLE3S, V. A. [^HJ/kn, Belg. hfem^ Heb.] to conjediire ; to judge without any fixed or csrtjin principles. GUESS, S. a conjedure. GUE'SSER, S. a conjedlurer; one who i judi^cs without certain knowledge. GUBERNA'TIOV, S. the exercife of I GUE'SSINGLY, Adv. forming a judg- authoiity in protefling, prefervng, ,.nd di- ment ia a calual manner ; imcertainly. rcfting ; g"vernment ir fnperiiiltndcncy. GUEST, S. [_g^iuf/?d;, Erit.] one who is " This cxtenfive^»itrrfl/;<;«." TVatts. entertained in the houle of anotlierj a ftrati- CU'DGEON, S. [goijon, Fr.J a fmali I gcr, or one who comes newly to refide in a filh found in brooks and nvers, and eafiiy 1 place. caught : whence it is ufed figuratively for a perfon eaf:ly cheated. " Vo draw you in " like fo many gudgeor.s, to fwallow his falfe " arguments." tieiff. GUE'RCON, S. \gi;crdort, garJon, Fr.] a reconipenfe or reward. '• Tiie fair gucr- " don when wc hope to find." M:lr. GUE'RNSEY, S. Antcninus's ^ai-via, an ifland in the county of f?.uT)plLire, twenty- two miles N. W. ofjcrfey. on the coalt of Kormandy in France, and in the Englifli channel. It runs tVom E. to W . in the form of a harp. Its N. firte is low, and S. fide high, being furroundcd by fltep rocks, a kind of natural defence to the illand. It is thirteen miles and an half from S "vV. to N. £. and twelve and a half, w here broadeft, E. and W^ It contain? ten (rwclve) p.iiilhei. Its air is very healthful, as appears from the lon^jcvity of its inhabitants : and its foil of the iame nature with thjit of Crete, or Ire- land, where no venomous creature will live. It is naturally more fertile than [eifey ; but docs not yield fo much, the inhabitants neg- lefling its culture for the f. kc of commerce. They huvc, however, a fiifficiL-ncy of corn and cattle for their own confumpiion, nnd the ufe of their fliippiug. It abouuJs in fiili : and in the N. W. part of the ifland, there is a lake about a mile in circuit, veil fttckcd with the beft and largcfl carp. This iil.nd is well fitu-ifcd for annoying the F;cn<h in timeof w-ar; and they fit cut fomc privaiieis to cruize upon fhcm. It was auciently pt.rt oi Normandy, in France ; ?nd (umv of the remains of the cc.iqwcror's eftates is ftill go- verned bytiic laws of that province, and its nativci Ipcak Frc.ch, tho" mbjcift ever lince, GUE'ST-CHAMBER, S. a room made ufe of to receive company in. To GU'GGLE, V. N. to found, or make a noife like water running out of a narrow mouthed bottle or veficl. GUI'DAGE, S, the reward or money given to a guide. GUI'DANCE, S. \fxoTngindc] direflion ; government exercifed in regulating a perfon's ::<riicns according to rules, in order to pre- vent him from falling into danger. To GUIDE, V. A. [guider, Fr.] to di- rect or fl:evv a pffrfon a way ; to govern, di- reft, inftru<5f, regulate, or fuperintcnd by counfel, or exertion of authority. GUIDE, S. [Fr.] one who direfts aoo- ther in his way; a dirciflor. GUI'DivLESS, Adj. without a guide. GUl'DER, S. a direaor, a guide. GUILD, S. [fometimes pronounced like gild, and fometimes V\ke g'llde ; c{ gi/d. Sax.] a focicty, corporation, fraternity, or compa- ny, united together by orders and laws made vnong themfelves by their prince's licence. Hence Cu'ildhaU, a place or hall belonging to a corpora- ion, wherein affairs relating to the members in their united capacity ^re tranf- adcd. GUILE, S. fpronounccd gik, with the g hard] low cunning or cratt, whereby a per/on tricks or cheats another ; deceit. GUI'LEFUL, Adj. full of deceit ; wily} fraudulent ; treacherous j fecrctly mifchic- vous ; impofing or overreaching a perfou in a crafty cr fraudulent ni.uiner. GUi'LF.LKSS, Adj. uiihout any fecret or concealed fraud; without any intention to deceive, cheat, or impofe upon a perfon liy la lie GUN GUI,F, or GULPH, S. lg:iire, Fr. golfi, Ital. an arm of the ocean running up inta the land Fijiurarivdy, an abyfs, or ini- meafurable depth. " Follow tjnine enemy " in a ficiy gulph." Sh.ik. A whirlpool, or fucking eddy. " As waters to the fucking " of d gulph." Shai Any thing infatiablc. " M,jw and gulph — of the ravening fait fea " Ihirk." S/.ak. GL'LFY, Adj. full of eddies, gulphs, or whirlpools. " The perils of the^a//3' main." Poj>e To GULL, V. A. [guill^r, old Fr.] to trick ; to cheat j to deceive or defraud by artifice. GULL.^S. a fea bird;, a cheat, or trick; a flupid animal ; a pcrfon eafily cheated or impofed upon. GU'LLCA TCHER, S. one who cheats ; a bite; one who deceives another bv artifice. GL''LLER, S, a cheat, or impoftor. GU'LLET, S, [gou/et, Yv.gula, Lat.] the throat, paflage, or pipe thr ugh )\\\\ch the food paOes, called by anatomiih the ajo-' G V L •fille appearances, and ("oncealed treachery. • GUI'LKR, S one that betrays another into danger by deceitful mean.i. Not in ufe. GUILT. S {gilt. Sax. I the ftate of a perfon juftly chaigcd with a crime ; a con- /cioufnefs of having done amifs. Figura- tively, a crime, or offence. " Clofe pent up " guilts rive your concealing continents." GUI'LTILY. Adv. without innocence ; in fuch a manner as t" he coofcious oth.;ving done a cime Lid to one's cliarge. GUI'LTIN'ESS, S. the ftate of being guilty j the confcioufnefs of having done a crime. GUI'LTLESS, Adj. free from crime; in- nocent ; free from fin or punifhment. " The " Lord will not h'>ld him ^ ;7/.'V/ilhattaketh ** his name in v.-.in. ' Exod. xx 7. GUI LTLESSLY, Adv. without guilt ; innocently. GUl'LTY, Adj. \g:Itig, Sax.] chargeable V'ith having committed a crime ; wicked, or corrupt GLT'NEA, S. ("pronounced ^jn«, v:hh\f'/.^agus the g hard, fo cjilcd from Guinea in Africa, To GU'LLY, V. N. to run with a noife, from whence the gold was brought, of which applied to water. they were at fi.'-it tortried, on «hich account GU'LLY-HOLE, 8. [Seed/Hy] the hole they likewife bore the imprciTion of an ekv where gutters or kennels empty them/elves phantj a gold coin ftruck, and current in into the common fe.vcr, fo called from the iinghmd. When it was firft (huck, it was noife they make in their fall Valued at twenty fhillings ; but gold growii:g GULOSIPY, S ^gu/ofus, Lat.] greedi- fcarcc, it was advanced to twenty one fliil- ncfs ; intemper.;nce in eating; gluttony, lings and (ixptnce, but is now funk to Iwtnty-one Ihilling.s. The pound Troy is ufe. cut ipto twenty-lour parts and a half, each part of which makes a guinea. GUliNfAHEN', .S. a fmall Indian hen. GUl'NEA-PKrFER, S. in Rotiny, tlie fo':%'ye d'Inde, ou de dfir/e, Fr. cai^lium, Lat. Jt is ti'.nged in the fill icCi. of Linna;us's 5th clafs. GL'1'KEA-PIG, S. a fmall variegated ani- jnal, wi(!i a pig's Input, rat's ears, and with- out a tail. GUISE, S. [Fr. guija, Ital.] manner; appearance ; looks ; bcliaviour. " By their " guij'e wife men they feem." Par. Lofi. Maimer, curtom, or praftice. " It was ne- " ver our £i/,jk- to flight the poor." Fopc. E.tternal appearance ; drcfs or habit. " Un- " Atx \.\\e. guijc of religion." Siuift. The 1.1ft fciifc fttms to be a contradiiflion of dij- gulfc. GUI'TAR, S. [gli-orra, Sp. guherreyFr.] in Mufic, a (hinged inllrument "ilh a neck like a violin ; an oval body, about the fize Ot a has vicl, played en in the fame manner ai the harp, with the fingers. (jLLES, S. {g:.iuu-s, t'r. gf^h, Lat.] in iJcraldrv, red. In the arms of noblemen it i.s Called ruby, in thcfe of fovercign princes T^rdr.*;, and in engraving, U f:gnificd by druw- Jt'g, bj-rpendiciilar or Ilrait rtrokes from the Xui' tyi ihe tftiitchton to the bottom. Not erring in ^w/o/?.^." Braxon. Not in To GULP, V. N. \goIpcr., Belg.] to fwallow eagerly ; to diink down without any intermilTion, or with one fwallow. GULP, S. as much liquor as can be Aval- lowed at once. G UM, S. \ gumma, Lat.] a vegetable juice cxfuJing through the pores of certain plants, and there hardening into a tenacious, or fticking mafs,niore vife d and lefs friable than rcfms, and din()lving in water. In Garden- ing, a difeafe inciJent to fruit trees of the ftone kind, being a kind of gangrene, arifing from a corrupted f^p which extravafites and hardens. In Anatomy, 'he flel}iy fubdance of the mouth in which tiie teeth grow ; ge- nerally ul'ed in the plural. GUM'MINEiS, S. thcflatcof a thing fmearcd or abounding with gum. GUMMO'SITY, S. the nature of gum ; vifcidity ; gumminefs. " Their innate^.vw- " tmfiy." Floycr. GUM'MY, Adj. confirting of gum ; of the nature of gum ; overgrown or fmearcd with gum ; flicky. GUN, S. [g'i», ^fl-] a fire-arm or wea- pon which forcibly difcharges a ball, (hot, or other offenfive matter, through a cylindrical barrel, by means of gun-powder. Great triir.i are generally called cannon, and known tikcuifc «ndcr the ta-m of crdr.ura. S:i':ail G U S ?(/«$ are fuch as are portable, and include mufquets, mulquetoons, carbines, blunder- bufies, fowling pieces, &c. GL'NNEL, S. See Gur.wak. GU'NNlR, S. a perfon who manages, and has the charge of the artillery of a ftip, fcTf. Gur.ncii, in the plural, are officers em- ployed in looking after, and managing the ordnance mounted on lines, batteries, or forts. GU'NNERY, S. the fcience or art of fliooting with guns and mortars. GUNPO'WDER, S. a compofition of falt- petre, fulphur, and charcoal, mixed together with fpirits, and ufually granulated, which tikes fire eafily, and when fired, expands witli great vehemence and noifc, by means of its cla(iic force. Bartholdus Schwartz, or the Black, is by fome fuppofcd to have invented it in 1380; but it appears that Roger Bacon, our countryman, knew of it 150 years before Schwartz was born, fince he mentions it in cxprefs terms in his treax'iie deNu/rttafcAfugia, pub4ilned at Oxford in 12 16. " You may " raife thunder and i;i:!itning at pleafurc, " fays he, by only taking I'liiphur, nitre, and *' charcoal, wJiich, lingly, have no effedt j «' but, mi^cd together, and confined into a " clofc place, caule an explofion greater than " that of a c!up of thunder." GUN-SHOT, S. tiie diftance to which a ball can be ftiot out of a gun. GUN-SMJTH, S. one who makes and fells guns. GU'N-STOCK, S. the wood to which the liarrcl of a gun is fixed. GU'NSTONK, S. the fhot of a cannon ; fo called, becaufe at the firft ufe of cannons they were loaded with (lones. GUNTER's CHAIN, S, an iuftrument made ufe of in fiirveying land. GUNTER-s LINKS, S. lines of num- bers, firft invented by Mr. Edward Gunter, of great ufe in navig-ition, and other branches of the mathematics. GUNTER's f^"ADRANT,S.an inflru- ment tofind the hour of the day, azimuth, CS,:. GUNTER's bCALE, S. a large fcaie to rcfolve qucftions in plane failing. GU'NWALE, S. [oi'gfn andwraArVw, Sax. todire^J a piece of timber reacliing on cither fide of the Ihip, from the half deck to the forccaftlc, wherein they put the Ifmchions which fupport the waffc tree : ir receives the name of ganv.-alc, whether the Ihip carries guns or not. Likcwif.; the lower part of any port, where any ordnance are. GURGE, .S. ^giiiges Lat.J a whirlpool; a gulf. " A black hitumiiidus^rrir^i-— boils out " from under ground." F.ir Lo/i. GU'RGION, S. the coarfer part of meal fitted from the bran GU'RNARD, or GURNET, S. a kin^ of fca-filh. " A fowced (urt.rt." Sha/t. To GU>H, V. N. [goff.lcn, Belg. fliffcn, Teut.] to flow or ruih out in 2 large body; to GUT flow out In a largequai.tity, and with violencff' GUSH, S. a fudden, forcible, and large flow- ing of Water, or other fluid; any thing poured out with a fudden and forcible eruption. GU'b.SET, S. [goujiU, Fr.J any thing iew- ed on cloth to ftren-gihen it ; by fcmflrefles, peculiarly applied to the triangular pieces of cloth at the neck, under the arms, and at the opening ot the flaps of a fliirt, &c. GUST, S. [gufii/s, Lat. gonJ},gout, Fr.] the fenfe of tade j the height of fenfual enjoy- ment ; love, or liking ; turn of fancy ; pe- culiar tafte or genius ; pleafur-, caprice, or whim. " Dellrcy all creatures for thy fport " OT giiji." Pope. A fudden violent blafl of wind, from gujier^ Jfl. " As doth a fail fiU'd " with 21 (\e\iUng guJi.^Shak. A fudden burft of paffion. " A weak diltempered foul that " fwells- — with fudden ;j«y2i." ylddif. GU'STABLE, Adj. fit to be tarted j the objeiff of tafte ; pleafant to the tafte. GU'STA 1 ION, S. \guf.ctus,l.?^t. oigujie, Lat.] the zCi of tafting. " The nerves of '* gujiatioii.'''' B'0'!cn. GU'STFUL, Adj. very agreeable or pleaf- ing to the talte j that which is agreeable to the mind. GUSTO, S [Ital.] the relifh, flavour, or tafte which a thing caufes; the po'.vcr by which any thing excites a fenfation in the palate. Liking or prejudice, applied to the mifid. GU'STY, Adj. windy ; ftormy. GUT, S. [kute/en, Belg J the entrails, or the long pipe rciiching with many folds frojn the ftomach to tlic vent, through wliich the fiurous part of food pafles and is difcharged. Figuratively, the ftonifch or receptacle of food j gluttony j 1 !,e infide of any tiling, par- ticularly the movements of a clock or watch. To GUT, V A. to take out the entrails, or gnts of an aiiimal. Figurativrly, to plun- der any thing of wiiat it contains. GUTT-" SE'RRNA, 3. [Lat. a clear drcp I a difeafc of tlie eyes GL'TTA. n, Auj. {g!:na, Lat.] be- fprinkled withuiops; bcdropped. CjU' . TEK, S. [gautur, Run.] a paflage for Water, either on the giound, or on the roofs of buildings. To GU'TTE.' , V. A . to cut or wear into fmall channels or hoilows. ToCl' fTLE, V. N. (from gut] to feed luxuriouliy, or irtemperatcly. GU'Ti'LER, S. one fond of eating ; a greedy or intemperate eater. GUTTS. S. j plural nf gutta, Lat.] drops of any liquid, a term ufed by Scotch phyfi- cian.";. Sec McJLal FJj'afi of Edh:iurgb. GU'TTURAL, '/".dj. [gt'ttmolu, Lat,] pronounced in the throat j belonging to the thro:'.t. GU'TTUR ALNESS, S. the quality of bcin'4 founded in, or belonging to the throat. GU' n Y, or GU'T I E, Adj. \gutta, Lat.] in Heraldry, marked or bcfprinkkdwith drops. ■'1 i *' Guf'.y H A " Gurty of libit," i. f. marked v^ith black drops. To GU'ZZLF., V. N. [from gut or gufl, whence guttle, guzde] to feed immoderately 5 to fwallow any liquor greedily. GU'ZZLER, S. an immoderate drinker, GYMNA'STIC,Adj. [>y/iv.-rri.'ccc CTr..!f_v'"- nj/?:3z(c, Fr.J lomething rel^tinp or belonging to bodily excrcife, fuch as wrcftling, &c. GY'MNIC, Adj. \?yrhmi^uc Fr. j,i;,uvtX5f, Gr.] praiQifing fuch CNercifcs as relate to the body. " Gymnk a\tii\s." Milt. GYRA'TION, S. {gyn^ttn, of^yo, Lat.] the art of turning any thing about id a circle. •• Moved round in a circle with gyrations.'^ A'fjt'f. Opt. GYVES, S. [gevyn, Brit. J fetters or chains confiftingof two links for the legs." I thought *' gyves and the mill had tamed ihec." Milt. Sam. To GYNE, V. A. to fetter or fhackle ; to fnarc. H. HThe eighth letter of the alphabet, and fixth of the confon.nts ; tho' ik by the Latins and modern Greeks efteemcd only as an afpirdie j yet whether it be a letter or no, may cafily be determined by confidering that it is a motion or effort of the larynx to modify the found of the vowel that follows it, as in hcai'cn, health., hero, where the e is differently modified or founded from what it is in the words eating, er.iii've, and clcSi, and as fuch has the property of a con- fonant. If it be not a letter, /"aud z arc none, they being no more than hiffin«T afpi- raiions, and they who exclude H from the number of letters, as being only a nurk of afpiration, may for the fame reafon exclude the/and z,, and the i and f) likcwife, by fay- ing that they are only marks of certain mo- tions of the lips. Jts form, which in the ca- pital is the fame in the Roman and Saxon al- phabets, feems to be derived from the Pheni- ci.in n, with the mark in the middle inflead of tlie top. The fccretary enpital feems to have been borrowed from the .Saxon capital, as our fmall b feems derived from the Gothic. In Knglifh, it is fcarcelyevcr mute in the be- ginning of a word, tfpccially wIkic it pre- cedes a vowel ; wlien it is fi'Ilo\.\ed by a con- fonant it has no found, as in /'gkt ; when it has <: befor; it, it is fometimcs dropped, the c being pronounced hard like a /■, -i.s in Chr'ft , which the Saxons wroteG ij}, and in cho j bm this does not hold good alw.iy.?. for it is pro- nounced fomcwhat like the Hebrev* \l),j\hin, in charity, ihentb, &c. Among the ancients it was a numeral letter, fignifying 2CO, and when with a mark over it thus H 2000. In abbrevidtuies it is ufed for Lon^o, as. J. IJ. S. ytfi'S haninum SulvJtor, i. c. Jefui tlic Saviour of mankind H A C furprizc. When repeated, an expreffion of laughter, or joy. " He f.tith among the " trumpets, ha, ka.''^ Job., xxxix. 25. HABEAS CORPUS, S. in Law, a writ which a man may have out of the King's- Bench, to remove him felf thither at his own expcnce, to anfwerat the bar there, when in- dited or imprifoned for a crime before jullices of the peace or a franchife court, after having offered fufficient bail, which is refufed though the cafe be iviilablc. HABERD'A.SHER, S. onewho fells fmall wares, fuch as pins, needles, £ff. HABE'RGEOM, S. [haubergeon,Yr. ha- bergium, low Lat] armour to cover the neck and breaft : a breaft-plate ; a neck-piece ; a coat of mail. " Lodg'd in Magnano's brafs " hahergcon.''' Hudib. HABI'LIMENT, S. [habiIement,Yt.'\ drefs; cloaths. " Gowns and other babiliments of " Irilh drapery." Stvift. Ornaments. " My " riches are the ^oor habiliments.'" Shak. To HABI'LITATE, V. N. [habiliter,Fr.'\ to qualify, or entitle. " Attainted, and there- " by — not habilitate to fervc in parliament." Bacon. Not in ufe. HABILITA'TIONr,S qualification."//^- " bilitations towards arms." Bacon. Not in ufe. HA'BIT, S. [Yr. habitus, Lat.] theftateof any thing. " Habit of body." Drefs or clojths ; a power and ability of doing any thing, acquired by frequent repetition ©f the fame artion ; culloui ; inveterate ufe ; or a Ihong inclination to perform any particular ai^ion. To HA'HIT, V. A. to drefs, or cloath. HA'BIT ABLE, Adj. [Fr. halitaiilis, Lat.] that which is or may be dwelt in. ilA'BITABLENESS.S. that quality which renders a place proper for the refidencc of any animal. HA'BIT ANT, S. one that lives or refides in any place. " Habitants of the earth." Pope. HA'BI PATIOX, S. the art of dwelling in a place j a dwelling, or place wherein a perfon reGdes. HABI'TUAL, Adj. fhabitucl, Fr.] cufto- mary ; eflablilhed by frequent prartice and repeti'.ion IL\BrrUALLY% Adv. by cuttom j by habit, or frequent prarticc. I o HABI TUA IE, V. A. [habituer, Fr.] to acculbm ; to ufe one's felf by frequent repetition. H.VBITUDE, S. [Fr. bahitudo. Lat.] re- lation, or refpc«n. The flate of a thing, with regard to fomething elfe. " In all the habi- " tildes of life." ^tuift. Familiarity ; con- verfe ; intimacy, followed by iviih. " Fre- " qutnt hahiiiities iiith the beft company." Dryd. Cullom, habit, or the frequent and uninterrupted praiftice of the fame thing. " Brought by long habitude from bad to " worfe." Pricr. To HACK, V. A. [haccon, Sax.] to cut or IIA, Ifitcrj, an exprcffion of wonder or chop into fmall pieces, by frequent and un 2 I flciUul H A I Ikilful blows. Figuratively, to fpcak or pro- nounce ii-n properly. "h'^iiiouiE'.glilh "Shak. Toliackiicy, reccivebrihes,or turn proftitute. HACK, S. a contraction o!c Hackney, which fee: HA'CKLE, S. f/xd.'.; lucla. Sax.] raw filk, orany filmy or fibrous fubftanceunfpun; the flouor,, or cad: fkin of a ferpent. To H \'CKLE, V. A. to drefs flax. H.-^'CKNEY, S. \hackneii, Brit, haquenec, Fr ] a hired horfe, or a horfe let out for hire. Figurativelr, any thing let for hire ; one who writes for hire ; any thing that is trite or common, or ufed in coinmon. To HA'CKNEY, V.A. to ufe a thingvery frequently ; to accuftor.i to the road. JHAD, the prcter and part, paflive o£ Ila-ve; badde, Be!g. HA'DDOCK, S. in Natural Hlftory,anon- fpinous fifh, with three prickly foft fins on its back, rcfembliug a cod, but fomewhat Icfs, and diRinguifhed from it, by having a black ipot on each fide near its gills. HEMORRHAGE, S. \ aiizol-xyn, Gr.] in Anatomy, is a bloody flux from tlie nof- trils, mouth, eves, or any part of the body. HyEMO'RRHOIDAL, Adj. in Anatomy, veins whicii fpread about tlie fundament. H.^MO'RRHOIDtS, S. [cti,uo-p^.:;, Gr. of at/-ta blood, and fzoo to flow] painful fwelling inflammations in the fundament ; the piles. HAFT, S a handle ; that part of any in- ftrument by which it is held in tlie hand. H.A.G, S. [hagr, Brit.j a fury,or fpirit of a deformed and terrible afpccf!: ; a witch, or cn- thantrefs, an old ugly woman. To HAG, V. A. to haunt ; to torment ; to poflefsorharrafs with vain terror; to bewitch. " And ^(7Tthemfelves with apparations."/7ti. HAGGARD, Adj. \hagarJ, Fr.J wild, un- fociable, or untamed j lean ; ugly ; luggcd ; deformed, " As haggard as the rock." Shak. Wildly difordered. " Downcaft kag^ard eyes." Smith. HA'GGaRD, S. any thing wild or irre- claima!)k ; a fpecies of hav\ k ; a hag. " The " baleful haggard hy." Ganh. HA'GGARDLY, Adv. [hagr, Brit.] de- formed ; ugly, like a hag. HA'GGESS, S. a mcfs of meat, chopped fmall, inclofed in a membran*, and boiled. HA'GGISH, Adj. like a hag ; deformed ; horrid. To HAGGLE, V.A. [corrupted from hack, or hackle] to cut, chop, or mingle j to be tedious in a bargain, or long before fet- tling tlie price. HAGIO'GRAFHER, S. leeEaf^.ografba, an infpired writer. HAH, an intcrje(flIon, exprefTing a fudden furpnze. t!AIL, S. pronounced hale, a white icy fpherule, or particle, confiding of droops of rain frozen in their falling. To HAH., V. N. to pour down hail. HAL HAIL, Interj. [halerar., Sax.] a term ofia- kitation wherein we wilh health to a perfon, uicu by our tranflators to exprcfs ;^aiee in the Cir. ;. e. rejoice. " The angel came unto *' Mary, and faid, hail." LuHe i. 28. It is ufed at ptcfent only in poetry. To HAIL, V.A. [haletan. Sax.] to fahite; to call to : applied to the manner in which (hips addrefs each other. " Hailed by ;i " Turk." Knollcu HAI'LED, Adj. benfn or ftruck with hail. HAl'LSHOTjS.fmalUhotfcatter'dnkehail. HAI'LSTONE, S. {ha^olfiar. Sax. haegeU Jleen, Belg. J a particle or fingle bail of hail. HAl'LY, Adj. confining of hail. H A L^, S. {bar, Sax.jthe fmall thin thread? which grow oi:t of the fkin of animals ; the hair which grows on the head. The different colours the hair appears of in different per- fons, and in the fame perfon, in different parts of life, is owing to the nature of the fluid with which it is fupplied. Figuratively, any thing very fmall. HAI'R-BRAINED, AJj. fit (hould be hare-Liaimd, becaufe it alludes to the wildnefs of a hare] wild; irregular ; inconftant. HAl'R-CLOTH, S. fluff" woven of horfe- hair. HAI'RINESS, S. the (late of being cover- ed or overnrown with hair. HAl'RLACE, S. a fillet or band with which woman tie up their hair. HAIR'LESS, Adj. without hair; bald. HAl'RY, Adj. overgrown,cr covered uith hair;confi(Finoof,or refembling hair. " From " vines the /!■,;? ;'^i honoursef their head." Diyd. HAL'BERD, S. [haWarde, Fr.] a long pole armed at one end with a battle-axe, carried by ferjeants of foot and dragoons, &c. Tt was formerly named the Daniih axe,becaufe borne firft by them ; from them it was borrowed by the Scots, from whom it came to theEng- lilh, and from us to the French. HA'LCYON, S. [halcyo, Lat.] a bird, re- ported to breed in the fca, and that there is always a calm during her hatching time. Ha'LCYON, Adj. peaceful ; quiet; calm; undiilurbed; without any tumult or violence. HALE, Adj. healthy, found or hearty ; cf a good or frcfli complexion. To HALE, V. A. [haltn, Belg. baler, Fr.j to dr:!g by force ; to pull violently. H A' LER,S. he who pulls or drags by force. HALF, S. [plural hchet ; kealjt, f>a!f. Sax. J one of two parts into which a thingis equally divided. U\ Compofition, it fignities imperfection. IIALF, Adv. in part, or equally. "Half " loth, and /f'(j//"confenting." Dryd. HALF BLOOD, S. one who has but one parent the fame with another perfon. HA'LF-HLOODED, Adj. me.in ; coward- ly ; bi.fc loin. " Hulf -blooded fellow." Sbclt. H.VLF FACED, Adj. Ihcwing only part of the face. " A balj-fattd fun Ibiving to H A L H A N " fhlne." Sk!i. Small taced. "This fame I HALT, Adj. [/.v<;Av, Sax.] iameorcrippled. " /W/-/<(W fellow." .vA.jv. j MALT, S. ihcartof li,llpillJT,o^thcmap.- HA'L^-MOON, S. the moon in its sp i ner in which i peHbn wulks who is lame ; i psarancewhen at half itsinciesfc or JeciCdfci any thinji in the figur; of a half-moon. IIV'LFPKNNr, S. [pionounccJ ^j/.f?y;, plu>al halfpence, proiioii"CL-J haprnce] a cop- per coin, of which two make a penny. It re- ceived its name oiigin ,lly from its being the halt of one part of a lllver penny broken into two e^ual pitccs, which was the only money we hrid till halfpence and groats were coined. H.VLF-PIKE, S. a fmall pike carried by officers. H.VLF-SWORD, S. c!ofe fight ; within tlie length of li-!;";. fword. " At half-fivord " witli H dozen of them." Sbak. HA'LF-WIT, S. a blockhead; one who vainly atfcfts to be thought a wit ; a filly fel- low. " //^Z/'w/fiare fleas." Diyd. HA'LF-WITTED, Adj. of dull or im- perfect unJcrllamling. H VLC I'LlOl'Sj adj. {halltusy Lat.] va porAis ; f'.imous. " A peculiar thin and kaii- ♦' tucu: liquor." Boyle. H\LF^, 3. [kealk, Sax. pile, Fr.] a court of juiiici?; a manor-houfe, f.j c-.lled, uecaufe formerly courts were held in it for tenants ; the public nn>m of a corporation ; the lirfl lar^e room on ! le ground-Hoor of a houfe. IIALLELL'JAH, S. [the; Ihould be pr .- nounc^tJ like an / vowel or a ;', from hai:i::i, Heb. pr<:ire ye, a.iJ /Wj, Heb. God, or the Lord J a fouj of praife or thankfgiving, fo called from the firft word preiixeJ to Pfams of praife in Hebrew. HA'LLOO, inter), a wo»d of encourage- ment or incitement when dogs are let Icofe at their gime. To HA'LLOO, Y.^.[hala; Fr.] to make a cry or rioill; after a perfon, alluding to that made after dog.s; to chafe or peifcoute with a noife. " Halloo me like a hare." Skak. To call out or Oiout to. " He that firlt finds — , " halloo the other." Sbak. To HA'LLOV/, V. A. [hjlgtan. Sax.] to confecrate, make holy, or dedicate to fome re- ligious ul'e ; to reverence and cfteem as holy. " IJallowul be thy name." Matt. vi. 9. HA'LLUCIMATION,S.[;!>.;//.vf//;tfi'io,Lat.] an error, blunder, or millake owing to folly. or want of difccrnment. " Owing to the *' h.iltuciimtio'i of t!ie tranfcriber." tipeB. HALM, S. f pronounced huiv>n'\ draw; or the (lalks of beans and peas. HA' 1^0, S. [aXi){, or u.'Kajv, Gr.] 3 meteor, . in the form of a luminous ring, appearing round the fun, moon, or (lars. 1 o HALT, V. N. [/..7./r, Sax ] to limp or be lame ; to flop in a m:irch, applied to an ar- >y. Toheiiiate; tobcdubious whiehof two llop in a march. HA'L FKR, S. [f.om halt,] one who limps, or is lame. HALTFR,S. [haltere,%?iyi. oi hals,^iyi.] a rope ; peculiirly applied to that which is put round a criininil's n:ck when he is to be hangeJ. To H.VLTER.V.A tobind with aftrong cord ; to catch in a noofe, alluding to ihut made in a rope with whichcr iminalsare hanged. To HALVF, V. A. [fiom bahes, plural of balf] \o divide into ei]ual parts. HALVES, S. the plural of half. HAM, S [i<7»;,Sax ja,!:Lc,Vr.^ the lowcr- moil and hindeinioil: part of the thigh adjoin- ing to the knee, ill a human creature. InCook- ery,the thigh of .t hog or bcir falted .md dried. To HA'AIBLE, V..\.. [fiom ham^io ham- ih'ing, or c.it the fniews of the thigh. H.AME, S. [hamu, Sax.] the collar by which a liotfe draws in a waggon. H.i'MLFT, S. a little v'lljge. HA'M M ER 3 [bjir:cr,'i,^ii. baemer,Te\it.'\ \n iniirumcnt confilFnig of an iron head and long handle, fometimcs of wood, by whicji any thing is forged, or n.ils, &c. are driven. Figuratively, any thing de!iiU(fiive. " Th;it '• renowned pillarof t: uth and hammer of he- " reiies, St. Augnlli'ie." Hakeivdl. To HAM'MFR, V. A. to beat, forge, or drive with a hammer. Figuratively, to mould, form, or comrive, by intcufe applica* tion of thouj/ht. " Wilt thou he. bamvieting " treachery." Sbak. H \'MiMERER, S. one that works with a hammer. HA'MMOCK, S. a Twinging bed.fufpend- ed by cords fixed to hooks. HA'iVlPFR, S. alargebalketwiiha wicker cover, uftd for carriage. A kamfer of wine, is as much as a hamper will contain. To II.A'Ml'ER, V. A. to entangle, or to embarraf^, fo as so hinder from flight, or the ufe of one's iimbs or faculties ; to enfiiare ; to enveiglc ; to catch by means of fome al- lurements ; to perplex or harrafs with a va- riety of aecufitious or law f'uits. HA'MSTRING, S. the tendon or finew of the ham or thigh To ll.VMS TRINCJ, V. A. [preter and part. pail". i.an.Jhung'] to lame by cutting th« tendon of the ham. HA'NAPER, S. [laiuii>eihm, low Lat.] a treafury ; the e,sche>.]uer. 'J he clerk of the hanapcr receives the ftcs due to the king for fealing the charters and patents. H.V.N'CHES, S. in a ihip, th.e falls of the life rails placcdon bannidcr.- in the poop and opinions to prefer "How long/^rf/rye between Ujuarter-dcck, down to tiie gangway. In Ar- *• tvvo opinions .'" i Khifs xviii. zi. To fail, chite£\ure, the ends of clUptical arches,which feint, or be in a weak and dirtrcHed condition, are arches of fmallcr circles than the fchcme, *' J am ready 10 bait, (^c," Flam: xxxviii. 17. or middle part of the arch. ^ - ^ I HAND, HAN HAND, S. [larai, Sax. Belg. ;md Tent.] iar.dt:i^ Goih.l tliut pait of lliC arm from the \uift lo tin end cF tlie finger* ; a nuifure ci' four inches j^t-ncrally iifed and applied to the hciglu of horfcs ; tlie index of a clock, or that which performs tlie offici of a hand or fingei in poiiuing to a particular thing, Out oj hard, quick, fudden, or expeditious perform- ance. I'ovver of performing. " Changed his " hand." Dryd. Winner of acfting or pet- iuimiii;^, pirticularly applied to mu^c. " A " very fins hand on the violin." Guard. No. S. To kat-e a hdrd'in, to be concerned in. . ' band, within reach ; ready f)repartd ; near. fed with r/j, ability or powerof performing. To /r; his kand :it a Sjieftjtor. " Sp'.ft- In \rr'ting, a peculiar cut or caft of the letters v.hi' h di!tinguirii.-S one perfon's writing fjom rocher : iiercc it is applied to fignify a per- n's own wri'ing, orilgning. " L'lider n;y ■ hand and feal " In Gaming, c-;ds held after every deal. F- on: hand tc hard, from one to another fucceflivelv- " Tranfmitted from " hund to hatid, through all generations." TUlotf. Hand o".'er head, r.i:^\gent\y ; rafiily ; VI ilhout thought or caution. From I. and ro mouth, without making any provifinn aoainft a nccc/Iity. To bear in hand, to keep in expec- tation. " To bear in hand, and then fland up- *' on fccurity." Shak. To he hand in gl',i-e, to be very intimate v.ni familiar. To gi-je ota:' ^ Land, in Scriptuie, implies to makepeace, or alliance ; to (wear friendOiip, or pro.mife fe- curity. Set Lanunt. v. 6. Toioj hands on per- fons, in Scripture, fignifies to ordain, or give authotity to exercife any funftion. To HANI), V. A. to give or reach to an- other by the iiand Figuratively, to guide ; to condud or lead by the hand ; to fcize ; to , lay hands on ; to man'age uith the hand ; to deliver from one to another ; to tlanfmit, or deliver down in fucc.fTion. HA'ND-BASKET, S a portable bafkct. HA'ND-BREADTH, S. a fpace equal to tile breadth of a hand. HA'NUKD, Adj. hav'ng the ufcof either the left or right hand ; hand in hand ; with hands joined. " into their inmofi Lovv'r—- " hatdcd they went." Par. l.ojl. HA'NDER, S a tranfmitter 5 one who delivers down in a legular fuccifHon, uftd vith d'j%vn. HA'NDFUL, S. as mi;ch as the hund can grafp, or hold ; a hand breadth, or four inches. " About an handful fiom the liol- '' torn." Eac. A fmall number or quantity. " A lavdiul oi mew." CLnend. HA'ND-GALLOP, S. a flow eaCy gal- lop, in which the hand prciles the bridle, or holds a horfe in, to prevent his im:reafing his fpeed. HA'NDICRAFT, S. \hndicraft, Sax. J vork performed by the hand. HA'NDICRAFI SMAN.S. (/^«r</-r,vr/)/;f, Sax.j one whole work or bulincfs is per- formed by the hand. H A N HA'NDILY, Adv. in a flcilful, dextrous, or leady manntr. iiA'NDlNF.SS, S-. the quality of doing anything in a fkilfnl and dextrfus manner". H A'N DK E-RCH I EF,^ .[rronojrccd fome- timcs without the k, and fomttimcs handk.-r- chtr] a piece of filk or linei!,xifed f.i wiping the face or nofe, and for covering tlie neck. To HA'NDLE, V. A. [handiiJn, Sax.] to' touch, fee', or hold in the hand ; to manage or ufe. FiguraLively, to treat of, or enlarge upon, applied to dlfcouifc. To del in, or pra<ftifc. " Ihty that L.:;d;c the law " y.cr. ii. 8. To deal with. HA'NDLE, .S. {L.niif, Sa*;. handel, Btlg.] that part of a thing by which ic is held in the hi-nd. figuratively, aiiy thing v.hich may difcover a peifons wtaknefs. aiu! Lc made ufe of by an enemy to his difadvantfge. HA'NDIvIA1l>,S a maid who is in waiting, or within call; a waiting-maid. Seldom ufed, HA'NDSEL, S. [ha'.fil, Belg.] the firfl ac> of ufing any thing ; the firff parcel which is Ibid of any commoddty. To l-JA'NDSFL, V. A to ufe or do any thing for the firft time. HA'NI-'SOME, Adj. [handfacm, Belg]' beautiful with dignity ; graceful." Eligmt, ap- plied to a peifon'.s nianners or behaviour Ge- nerous or nobe,applied to theqnalityofaflion, HA'NDSOMELY, Adv. conveniently, or dextroufiy ; in a bc.aitiful, neat, elegant, graceful, or generous manner. HA'kOSOMENESS, S. beauty, or pleafing majeOy, applied to the features. Grace, applied to the behaviour. Elegance or ne..tncfs,applivd to themannr'rin which anything is wrought. Hfi.'XDSVlKK, S. a fort of wooden lever for moving heavy bodies. HA'NDVICE, S. a fmall vice which is' hc:d in the hand. HA'ND WRITING, S, that peculiarity in the niake of letters, which diiliiiiMiiflies one perfon's wiiting from another's. HA'NDY, Adj. I handifi, Beig.j perform- ed or given with the ha;i.l. " To come to " h^.tdy blows " lhi.l-.b. Rcidy ; dLxiioiis, or fkiliul ; convenient for i:fe. HA'ND YWORK, .S. the work of the hands ; prcidu<fl of e perfon's labour. To H.aNG, V. A. [prefer and part, paf- five, hanged, or hung \ to fLifp.iid cm liigh by iornething fadtncd to the upper part ; to fuf- pcndorkeepin the air wi hotit falling. "Thou "/(jw^y the folid earth in Hetting air. " Sandy, To fi'.fpeiid by the neck in a rt.pe, fo as 10 kill a pcrfoi) ; to let fall downwards from any eminence, or t)elow its ixatural (ituation, lomelimes ufed with cW-n. '' White lilies " hc:nf^ their heads." L'ryd. " Vanfeih dc<wn '* his head." I'tcief xix a6. To adc n, by hanging any thing upon or over, followed by •zi'ith. " Hung fcveral part-, of his houfe <nttb " tiophies." y^-cil. To f> 11 loofely ; to be fufpendcd cm high with the lower part loofe ; 113 to HAP to dangle; to float, to proceed from. " That " gentle tongiie--vvherefoftf erfu:iftor. i>««?-." Prior, 'i r> be lupported by foniething raifeJ above the ground ; to lean upon. "Hwg about " my neck." Sbak. Ufed with o-ver to threat- en; tobevery near, applied to danger. "While " the dread of popery hung ever us." Atierb. To be burdenfcime or troublefome j to opprefs with weight, ufcd vviih upon. " In myLucia's " abfence— life han-r; uf.on me." Addif. To be comprised ; to be united ; to be of the fame party ; to fupport one another mutually ; to be in fufpence j to be dependent on, ufed with on. " Hangs on princes favours," Skak. HA'NGER, S that by which aiy thing is Supported in the jir, or at a diflanc" from the ground ; a kind of a ftiort fword with a finglc edge. HA'NGER-ON, S. oncwho is dependent CD another ; one whi.- lives at another per- fon's charge. HA'NGING S. drapery, ftuffs, or paper hung or falkncd upon the walls of a hcufe by way of ornament. HA'NGiNG, Part, forbodeing death by a haltsr. '' You have a kangr.ig look." Shak. Subftantively, ufed for the ^.{\ or punifhment of puttinj; to death by a halter; the gallows. *• He deferves banging." HA'NGMAN, S. the perfon who executes ox puts criminals to death, by hanging them on a gibbet or the gallows. HANK, S. {hank, Irt.J a Ikain of thread, die. Figuratively, a tie, check, or influence. A low wo.d To HA'NKKR, V. N. \b,inkeren, BeJg.] to long impatiently for ; to have an inccffant •wifh for HAN'T, a contraction for ha"je not, or ha: not; ufc-d in common difcourfe. " Yon han't ** that ^;iT)pcr about your mouth." An'Jif. HAP, S. [icippus, Brit. J chance ; foitune ; or that vhich comes to pafs without d(.lloii or being forefeen. That which happens by chance or misfortune. To HAI% '" . N. tj fall out ; to come to pafs witluHit dci.^ii or forefight. PIA'P-IIAZAUD, S. chance; accident. HA'P .y, Adv. perhaps ; peradventure ; it may be ; by ch.mce, or mere accident. HA'l'LtSS, Adj. uiihappy ; unlucky; un- fortunate. To HA'PPT^N, V. N. tr fill out; to come to paf^ withr-ut i;( lag defigntj or foreft'.n ; to light up<.n or meet with by cliancc, or mere accident, exchifiveof any defign, " I have *' haf:-, cKc'd on fome other actounts." C.auKt. H.VPPILY, Adv. in a fortunate, happy, or U'dC];v manner; with addj'cfs, dexterity, or /;»racs , 'ithout labour, " IJappi'y lo fleer " from i;f.ive to gay." Pope. Jn a Uate o' happ'.acfs, '■'■ He hvcs h'^ppi/y ." £y ch.mce ; by accidti;t, ufcd i.i (lead of //ij/j/v. " Wiio '' hap.y mjy perufe thefe ircitics." Dighy. fiA'PPJNESb, S. a ftatc wherein a perfon H A R has all his wifhes fatisfied, and is fenfible of the higheft pleafures ; good luck or fortune. PIA'PPY, Adj. in a (hTtc where the defires and wiflies are fatisfied, and the greatcfi plea- fures are enjoyed ; lucky; fuccefsful ; ready, or difp'^fed by nature without art or (tudy, HA'RANGUE, S. a fpcech ; a difcourfe or oration del'vered in public. ToHARA'iv'GUP:, V. N [harangucr, Fr.] to make a fpeti ii, or pionoi uce an oration. HA'RANG 'ER, S an orator; a perfon who pronounces a fet fpeech ; a word con- veying fome idii of contempt. HA'RBINGER, x [hirherger, Belg.] a perfon who prepares the way, or gives notice of the coming of o;:e tliat follows ; a pre- curfor or forerunner. Figuratively, a llgn or omen of fomething to come. HA'U Bni'R, S. •llrtcrrcaubergcYr. her- hcrgh, Belg. J a iougng or place uf entertain- ment and reft. " For k.rLcur ,x a thoufand " doors they knock." Dryu. A port, or fta- tion wherein fnips are fheltered from ftorms. Figuratively, an afylum, or place of fheltcr and fecurity fiom danger. To HA'Rf'L'R. V. A. to entertain, or permit a perfon to refiJe. Figuiatively, to eherilh, '-vour, or entertain an opinion ; to flulter, reft, or fecuie from danger. HA'R SOURER, S. one who entertains another. HA'REOURLF.SS, Adj. without harbour, lodg'.'.i4. entertamment, or fli'.lter. HARD, Adj.[/. .7,-,/, U^yi.lnrd, teig "jfirm, ornot eafily penctr itcd Fi,'>urutive)\ difficult to be unJerftocd; nr)t eafy to beaccomplilhed; painful, or dangerous. " Rachel travelled and " Ihe had bard hbour." Gen, xxxv. i6. Ri- gorous, cruel, or cppreflivc, applied to the manner of ticatment. Hard 10:; ds, four; rough; reproachful. Infenfiblc; untouched, or not to beatfc..'!?d. " Know I am not to ftu- '•' piJ, orfo/a/ii." Very vehement, keen, and inclement, applied to feafon. Unteafonable and unjuft. Dear, or i.i which a perfon can- not eafily acquire a competency; ii]~piied to the times. " If the time' had net been tard."Dryd. HA.^.l's Adv. [bardo, 'I eut.] i\ii or nim- bly, apflicd to motion. With difficulty. " They dr.iw the wind hard.^' Bee Tem- pefluoully ; boiflerruily ; with force or vio- lence, applied to tlic wind HA'RO-BOUND, Adj coftive, applied to the hal)it of body. Unfertile or barren, ap- plied to the invention. " From bard-bound " brain 1;." I'-ic. To H \'Rl)kN, V. N. to grow hard or ^o- lid; to make hard; to make impudent, to make obdurate; to makeinfcnfihle; to make firm, or endure Aith conflancy ; to make refolute by the ince'lant praffice of any particul.ir aiftion. HA'RDENER, S. one that renders any tiling b.3rd, or not eafily penetrated. HA'RDFAVOURED, Adj. having a coarfenefs, or harlhnefs of features. HARD- H A R HA'RD-HANDED.Adj.coark, orthathas hands hardened or grown callous with labour. HA'Ri:»-HEARTP:D, Adj. cruel j inexo- rable ; mercilefs. HA'RD-1-1EARTEDNESS,S. thequality of being infenfible to the cries of mifery, and unmoved at the figlit of wretchednefs. HA'RDIRIENT, S. f/.a/v/m.w/, Fr. ) cou- rage ; bravery. " Jn changing hardimeiit.''''Shak. HA'RDINESS, S. hard"lhip, or fatigues ; courage, or a difpofition of mind infenfible to danger; effrontery; impudence. PIA RD-LABOL'RE'\ Adj. performed with difficulty, and abundance of lludy and ! labour. ^"^ My hard-bboured ^vtrnJ"' r^uifc. \ H A R H.^'RIER, S. [from hare] a hound ufed for hunting hares. To MARK, V. N. to lillen, or be atten- tive to what a perfon fays. HARR ! Inrerjca. lill, or liftcn ; be at- tentive to hear : ufed on a fudden apprehen- fion of danger, &c. HARL, S. [heorda. Sax ] the filaments or threads ot flax ; any fubllance confiding of threads or filaments. HA'RLEQUIN, S. a perfon drefled in a motley-coloured jacket and trowfers ; the he- ro in pantomime entert.iinments, who diverts tl-iC populace by his a<n:ivity, artifices to ex- tricate himfelffrom danger, and his Iteming HA'RDLY, Adv. with difficn!ty and great power in in.chantmentsanJ metamorphofcs. labour; fcarcely. " There is hardly a gentle- HA'RLO ]", S. [htriodei, Brit.ef/r/o.'rdjltal.] " man." o-wfz. Ufed with think, in a fevcre a female that is unchiifle. or unfavourable manner. ^^ To ih\n\y hard!y' HARLOiRY, S. an habitual praftlce of *' of our laws." Ho'Jer. Applied to manner unchaflencfs, applied to a worn; n. Ufed as a of treatment, with rigour, opprelTIon, fcve- i term of contempt for a woman. '* A peevifh rity, or harfhnefs. " Hudiy lo.lged." D.yd. HA'RD-MOUTHf D, Adj noteafilygo- verncd by the rein, applied to horfes. HA'RDNESS, S. applied to matter, a firm cohelion of the parts, fo that the whole does not eafily change its figure ; difficulty to lie undtrftood ; difficulty to be performed or ac- complKhed. Scarcity or dearncfs joined to tini's. Cruelty; inhumanity ; wantofcom- pjUion. Keennefs or fliarpuefs, applied to wea- ther or froft. Stinginefs, or want of profit, applied to the making of bargains. In Faint- ing and Sculpture, itiflhefs, or want of foft- nefs. HARDS, S. [heordatt. Sax. bcrdy, Belg.j the refnfe, or coarfer part of flax. HA'RDWARE, S. manufaftures or wares made of metal. H A'RD WAREMAN, S. a maker orfellcr of wares made of metal. HA'RDY, Adj. [heard. Sax. hardi, Fr.] bold ; brave ; ftrong; daring j hard, or firm. " His hardy fabric." South. HARE, S. f/w-d. Sax. hare, Dan.] afmall four-footed animal, with long ears and a Ihort tail, that moves by leaps, and is remarkable for timidity, vigilance, and fruitfulnefs. The firfl year it is called a Icvcrct ; the ll-cond a bare ; and the third a f_rc^t hare. Her cars lead the w;(y in the chace ; for with one of them (he liftens to the cry of the dogs, while tl.e other is ftretchcd, like a fail, to promote hir Hight. In Aftionoray, a conftellation. To Ha RE, V. h.{harkr, Fr.Jto frighten ; to perplex or throw into confufion by hurry- ing or terrifying. HA'REBRAINED. Adj. See Ilairbraired. HA'REF00r,S. in Botany, an herb. In Natural Hillory, a bird. HA1<E-LIP, S, [becaufc rcfcmbling the upper lip of a hare] a defccl in the upper lip tor want of fltfh, which makes it appear as it cut, and fhews the teeth. HA'RESPEAR, S. a plant. ' felf-Willed harlotry." Shak. I liART^l, S. [hearme, Sax.] an aftion by which another perfon may receive damage in his goods, or Jiurt in his perfon ; jnifchief ; hurt ; or injury. ']"o HARM, V. A. to damage the goods or fortune of another, or to hurt his perfon, HA'RMFUL, Adj. hurtful ; injurious ; detrimental ; mifchievous. ' HA'RMFULLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to produce mifchicf, hurt, or damage. HA'RMFULNESS, S. the quality which renders a thing or perfon detrimental to the intercfl, hurtful to the perfon, or injurious to the charafter, of another. HA'RMLESS, Adj. without hurt ; with- out intending or caufmg any mifchief ; with- out being damaged ; innocent. HA'RMLESSLY, Adv. innocently; with- out malice or crime. HA'RMLESSNESS, S. the quality of a thing or perfon which can afleft another with no damage or hurt. HA'RMONIC, or HA'RMONICAL.Adj. [afiijiovLxo;, dr.] proportioned or adapted to each other ; mufical HA'RMOMIOUS, Adj. adapted to, or having the parts proportioned to each other. In Mulic, having founds that are concords to each other; mufical, or atTcdling the e.ir with an agreeable fenfation. HA'RMOMUUSLY, Adv. with a jufl proportion of parts to each other ; in fuch a maimer as to delight the ear. HARMO'NiduSNESS, S. that qoality which renders founds agreeable and delight- ful ; proportion of parts. To HA'RMONl/.E, V, A. to agree with refpeifl to proportimi To make muiical, or convey dcHglit to the ear, anplicd to Ibund. HA'RMONY, S. \harmome, Fr. affA-mu, Gr] the agreeable refult or fenfation excited by an vmion of feveral mufical founds heard .It the fame time , theium orclfcft of two or 1 i 4 more H A R ' more concords flrikin;; the ear together; a juft fiiri'srs of one part to wwther. Ficuiatively, concord J unity of fentiment and diipoOtion. HA'RNESS, S. [karnoh, Fr. ar/:^;. Span. ] in its primary fenfe, armour for a horfe \ the traces by which horfcs are faftencd to carriages of plcafurc or ftate : that of other horfcs is called ^ier. To HA'RNtSS, V, A. to drefs in ar- mour ; to fix horfes in their traces ; or to put traces on a horfe. HARP, S. '^earpe, hearpe. Sax. harpc, Fi.j a mufical inllrument lining with wire, and ftriick with the finger. Jn Aflroiiomy, the name of a conftellation. To HARP, V. N. \ harper, Fr.] to play on the harp. Figuratively, to touch any parti- cular pnflion ; to J'AcH on a fubjeft. HA'RPFR, S. a player on the harp HA'R PING-IRON, S. [harpayo, Lat.l a bearded dart,with a line faHened to the handle, with which whales or other large filh are caught HARPONE'ER.S [':a'-/'on^i''-.Fr.]hethat dares or throws the harpoon in whale filhing. HARPO'ON, S. \barpon, Fr.] the fame as Hdipin-j-iran, which fee. HA'RP.^ICORD, S. [from ^^r^^and ror- don, Fr. a ftring] a mufical inflrument o( the ftring kind, played after the fame manner as an organ. It has one or two fets of keys, which being fingered, move a jack, by which means the ihings are flruck, which arc fcratch-ed on the table of the inflrument. HA'RPY, S. [plural, harpies-^ ha'tia, Lat.] a poetical monfler cf the bird kind, feigned to have h.-.d the face of a woman, the claws, wings, &c. of a bird, remarkable lor rapaci- onfnels, and on that account ufed to fignify a ravenous, or exceedingly covetous pcrfon. HA'RQUfcLBUSS, S. a hand-gun. Ste Ar- quehufe. To HARR'ASS, V. A. [harmffer, Fr.l to weary ; to fatigue ; to tire or make feeble with labour and uneafinefs ; to lay a coun- try wafle by continual inroads. HaRR'ASS, S. walleordiflurbance "To " prevent \hc barraji of their land." Mllt. HA'RRIDAN, S. a decayed ftruir.pet. " A <' batter'd tairilan." Sivi/t. HA'RROW, S. {charrciic,Vi: h^rde,Tevt] a frame of timbers crofling each other, fet with teeth of iron, and drawn over plowed and fown land, to break the clods, and cover the k-eds with earth. To HA'RROW, V. A. to draw a harrow over ground. Figuratively to tear or rip up. " My aged mufclcs harroivcii up with whips." JioiL-c. To pillage, flrip, or lay wafte. " To " barrotu this people." To dillurb, or put into alarm or commotion. '* It barroioi me " with fear." Skak. To HA'RR Y, V. A. to difturb ; to put in- to commotion j to .ilarm or confufe ; to rifle. " I repent me much that I fo harry d him." Shiik. In Scotland, it fignifies to rob, pillage, H A R or plunder : as, " he harry' d a nfjl," i. c. he took aw:.v the young : " he hai ryd me out '' of 'loui'c and ho;nc ;" i. «. he made ma fly from mv houfe, after having plundered it. HAR.SH, ,'\dj. [her-vifhc, Tcut. | roughly four, applied to tafle. Rough or difagreeable to theeu, <;pp!ied to found. Crabbed, morofe, or pcevilh, aprihed to the temjier. Rough, or rugged, applied to the touch. l?nplea(lng, fcvcre, or riyorous, applied to treatment. HA'RSHLY, Adv. foury, or like unripe fruit, applied to tade. In a violent manner; in a crabbed, fom-, or morofe nmnner ; fe- verelyor rigorouliy. Rough and difpleafmg to the car, applied to f )und. HA R'^HNK.SS, S. fournefs ; i-oughnefs ; crabhednefs; morofenefs. HART, S. >he„t, Si.t. biort, Dan. kert. Belt! ] a male of the dcei kind, the female of which is a hind or rce. HA'RTFORD, and not HR'RTFORD, if its origin be derived from a hart, the arms of the place, deer being formerly very nume- rous in this part of the country. It is the (hire town of the county, and hundred of the fame name, in F.ngland. In the time of the ancient Hritons it was called Duro-cobriiui, i e. a red ford, from the red gravel at the ford juft by, upon the river Lea or Lee. It is a very ancient place, and governed by a mayor, who return.s two reprefentative^ to parlian;enl. The E.ift Saxon kings frequently kept their courts herej and in 673 a fynod was held here, at which two kings of the heptarchy were prcfent, the archbifhop of Canterbury prtfiding. In the twenty-fifth of queen Elizabeth, Michaelmas term was kept here, on account of the plague iu London, and that the queen fometimes re- fidcd in irs cillle. It had ancient! v a monalfery of Bencdictir.es, founded by the Conqueror's nephcwLupus,and had five churcbes now re- duced to two, namely, All-Saints and St. An- drew's: tlieformer, on theS. fideof the town, hasa tall fpirc covered with lead, and has eight good bells, bcfides an organ and hanJf)ine gallery. Here is a feat for the mayor and al- dermen, andfor the governors ofi'hrlftchurch hofpital ill London, who h.ive erected a fair houfe iu the town for the reception of foms of theirchildrcn; alfo a large g.ilkiy near the belfrcy for their accommodation at church. St. Andrew's h only rem.irkdble f r giving name to the adjaceiit drett Hartford ftands in a fwect airy and dry vale, confcqncnily is very hcdlrhy, being built in the form of a ca- pital Y, and the caftle placed between the two horns of it, belonging to the defccndants of Sir William Cowper, fince king Charles I. Its wecklv market is on Saturday. Its annu- al fairs are Saturday fortnight before Eafter, May 12, July 5, and November 8, for horfes and other cattle. Hartford lies 23 miles from London . HA'RTFORDSHIRE, a county of Eng- land, bounded to the £. by Ellex, to the S. \ by HAS by MiJdIefex, to the N. by CatBbridgefliiie and BeJtbrJfliire, and to the W. by liuck- inghamlhire. It is ubout twtnty-four milfes where broadefl ; namely, from Ray(K)n in the N. lo TottaiJoe in the S. and thirty where longeft, trom Putnam in the W. to Chefton-nunncry in the E. It is much in- dented by the utighboaiing counties. In Hartfordlliire arc lii market towns, 120 pa- rilhes, about 45 1 ,000 acres, and above 9 5, coo iiihabitants ; who fend to parliament two knight- for the (hire, and two menshers for Hiirttord-town, and two more for St. Alban's. The foil is molt generally bai len, compared with other fhires ; and witli regard to deep- feedings, or (heep-pailures, theic are but few, and thofc efpeciallv about Kriebwi)ith. Yet it rnuH: be owned, that lince the great ini- provemei.t of huibai-uiry by clover, cinque Join and other herbage, by manure, tr.ari, foot, &c. this country has been rendered very fertile. The parts about Hitihin are ':I ■ ilh, but not fo rich as that to Ik- met uiili in the wedern counties of the iiir.e foil. 1 iie reli is moflly a chalky eartii. The pa (hues, where dry, produce fern and broom ; and wliere wet, rulhes, mofs, and l;ulhes ; but by a modern invention, clled Ii.,;a-draining, the wet landsare greatly in)pic ved, by drain- ing off the (lagnant rain-water on thecia^ii'h furfaee, which chillej the roots of the corn. H.-^'aTSHORN, S. in Medicine, tiic horn of a hart, called the red deer. Its fail is ufcd as a fuJorific, its fpirirs has all the vir- tues of volatile alkalies, and they .-ire both vifed for bringing people out of fiL:>, I^y being applied to the nofe. The rafpings are, by boiling in water, formed into jellies, forcon- fumptive people, and the bone being calcined and powdered, is ufed to abforb acidities in the ft.'mach, and ufcd as drink when boiled in water in diarrhoeas. HA'RT-KOYAL, S. in Botany, a fpe- cies of plantain. In hunting, a name given to a Iiart, which has been hunted by a king or queen, and efciped alive. HA'RVt:ST, S. [Ur/e/i, or /.'arfi/l. Sax.] the feafon of reaping and gatheiing in corn ; corn ripened, reaped, and gathered in. Fi- f;urativcly,the produd or reward of a perfon's abour. l-l.-i'RVEST-HOME, S. the fong fung by reapers at the fea(l made for liaving iniied the harvcrt ; the time of gathering in the harveft. HA'RVESTER, S, one who works at the harvefl. HA'RVEST-LORD, S. the head reaper at the harveft, H'ARVETS-MAN, S. one who labours at the harveft. To HASH, V. N. [hacber, Fr.] to mince, or cut into fmal,l pieces. To mingle, ufed with up. " Not ferved in exart order, but '' bajbed uj> ill hsiiie." Curtk. HAT HA'SLET, or Ha'RSLET, S. [LaJJa,m. hciftere!, Fr.J the entrails of a liog, confiding of the heart, liver, &c. generally applied to them when inclofed in a membrane, and loaded or baked. HASP, .'. \h^;pc, Sax. hafpev, Tcut.] a clafp folded o.er a Hafde, and faflened with a padlock j a fmall iron or brafs faften- ing into a door ; a kind of hank going into an eye or loop, ufed for faltenino fhoes neck- laces, &:. To HASP, V. A. to (hut or faflen with a liafp. HA' SACK, .S. [haf.ck. Tern. hcj/ici Pol] a round or cylindrical mat, Ituffed, on which a perfun kneels at church. HAST, the fecoiid perfon fingular of /jaw, declined thus, / la-ve, thou kaji, he hath. HASTE, S hurry ; fpeed ; the a£l of doing a thirg quickly ioi want of longer time. To H \STE, or HASTEN, V. N. [hajier^ Fr.J to ni<-, e or walk with fwiftnefs ; to do a thing in a (hort time; to be in a hurry j to quicken a perfon's motion, or drive to a fwifter pace. HA'STILY, Adv. in a fliort time : with- out delay; in a hurry, or ralhly ; pafii..nately. Ha'STINESS, S. fpeed or' expedition ; a pcTiovmance executed in a huiry ; anger; leftlnefs. HA'S TINGS, S. [from kafiy] peas that come early. KA'STY, Adj. [^.v/?//,- Fr. Zf/?/g-, Belg.] moving with fwittnets; quick, or fpeedy. Soon provoked, applied to the temper or hu- mour, Radi, piccipiuie, or^ undertaking wiihout thought. Iu:fy t^uadvig, a pudding made of .milk and floui, or of oatmeal and water boiled quick together. Hat, S. \ka:t. Sax. J a coverhig for the head. HA'iBAND, S. a (hing tied round a hat to keep the crown from ftrctching, or, if too large t.j make it fit the head better; a piece of lilk or crape worn louud the croivn of a hat in mou/i.i'ig. To HATCH, V. A. {hecken. Gem,.] to prorluce young from eggs ; to quicken an c^g by litting on it j to proitace by any precedent aflion. Figuratively, to contrive or projedl. H.-lfCll, S. a brood proccedin,; from eggs ; the :x€i of excluding or pr<Aiucing young from theegg. Figuraiivcly, oiulolure or difcoveiy. " 1 he hatch and the difclofe " will be ibmcthing." i\lak. A fliort 01 half door; an opening over a door, which is clfifcd or fliut i)y a board moving on hinges. In the plur.)), the doors, or openings, in a (hip, b^ which pifrlbns defcciid from one deck to another. io HATCH EL, V. A. {hachehn., Tout.] to beat fldx, in order to feperate the fibrous from the brittle pare. HA'TCHiiL, H A V HATCHEL, S. [bachcl. Tent.] the in- ftrumcnt with which flix is beaten. ilA' rCHELLER, S. one that beats flax. HA'T-CHET, S. [bache, hatcbctte, Fr.J a fm !1 axe. HA'TCHET-FACE, S. an ugly face ; fo called according to johnfon, becaufc fuch a one might be hewn with a Iiatchet. HATCHMENT, S. [corrupted from a? - flkz-ctiTcnt] the arms of a pcrfon who is dead, paiutcd on a f^uarc board,and placed with an angle downwards, over the door where he lives , or fixed againft the wall of a duircii. PIA'TCHWAY, S. the way over or thro' the hatches of a fliip. To HA'TE, V. A. [baihn, Sax.] to re- gard as an object which may affect us with pain ; or to deteft on account of its being evil, and repugnant to the laws of morality, of our country, or of God. HATEj S. an averfion in the mind from any thino or perfon which is confideitj as Capable, or willing, to affccfV us with pain, together with a delire of procuring the pain or the unhappincfs to the pcrfon, wh. is confiikred as havmg fuch an intention ; de- tcllation. H.VlEFUL, Adj. that which caufes ab- horrence, avciTion, or detedation ; detefting, hating, or malicious HA'TE FULLY, Adv. in an odious, or abominable manner ; in fuch a manner as to caufe averfion, detellation, or hatred HA'TEFL'LN'ESS, S. the quality which rendeisa pcrfon or thing the object of h.itred. HATER, S. one who has a flrong aver- fion or ill-will to a perfon or thing. HA'TRED, S. the thought, or the pain, which anything prefcnt or abfcnt is apt to produce in Ub ; the averfion or paflion which is occationed by conlidering a thing as apt to caufe us pain, or by confideiing a perfon as i uiifuUy endeavouring to thwart our hHppi- 1 Jitr> : in the lad fenfe, it is generally .iccom- panied with an inclination to make a retalia- | tion, or to thwart his happinefs by way of return. To HATTER, .V. A. to harrafs, werjy, or wear out with fatigue. " He's oat ur^d out *' with pemnc-." DryJ. . . H.VI'TER, S. {hattur^ Ifl.] one who makes hats. HA' I TOCK, S. {ctul. Erf.] a fhock of corn. HAU'BERK, S. {bauherg, old Fr.] a eoat of mail cr I leafb plate. " Hauberks and *' helms." Dryd. To HAVE, V- A. prefer and part. pafT. /W; [I, ilei\ Colh. a-uol', Fr.] to find, or rot to bewihout; to pofTefs ; to wear; to bear or ca^ry. It is [len rally ufcd as an aux- iliary word in moft European languages, but is particularly borrowed from the Saxon. H.\'VKN', S. a pqri,. h-rl)Our, or> part of the fi-d running up. into the landj, wijcrc HAW fhips mayride Afe from dorms. Figuratively, a phce of fhclter, refuge from danger. H.VVENER, S. an overfcer of a port. H.VVER, S. [from ba-ve\ one who pof- feflcs any thing. HVUGH-HAUGH. or HAW-HAW, S. [/'«■/% Sax. I a dry ditch, whofe oppofitc fides decline fo as to meet and form an acute angle at the bottom, where it is gencr.iliy de- fended by rails. 1 hefe ditches are much ufcd at the extremities of gardens, to inclofc 'ground, without hindering the profpccft. H AUGHT, Adj. [A ut, Fr.] proud, or infolcnt thro' pride. " Thou bought infiilt- " ing man." Sbat. HA'UGHTILY, Adj. proudly; orprizing too highly. " Her heavenly form too baugh- " ti'y Ihe prized." Dryd. In an infolent, arrogant, or very proud manner. H.VUGHTINEISS, S. the quality of being poflefled with too great a conceit of our own good qualities, and too mean an opinion of thofe which belong to others. HA'L'GHTY^ Adj. [hautaifte, Fr. from /.»:..', Fr.j infoicnt, or Lehiving contemptu- ouP.y to others, from too high an opinion of ourfelves. HA'VING, S. [from ba-ve] pofTeflion ; eftate or fortune, " My ba-u':ng isnot much." Sbak. The aft or flate of pofielTing or en- joying. HAVIOUR, S. conduft, or the manner in which a perfon treats another ; civility f genteel addrefs. Seldom uled. To HAUL, See Ilalc HAUME, S. ftraw,ortheftalksofbeans and peas. HA'UNCH, S. [pronounced banch, hattrbe, Fr. afiia, Ital.] tiie thigh ; the hindermofl thigh of venilion; the rear; the hind part ; the latter part. " Then the haunch of win- *' ter." Sbak. To HAUNT, V. A. [pronounced bant from i linger, Fr.] to frequent ; to be much about any place or perfon ; uled fometlmes of one who comes without being welcome ; - or of an apparition frequently appearing in any place ; or to any pcrfon. H.AUNT, S. a place trequented by any pcrfon : frequency, or the habit of being fre- quently in a certain place. H.IVOCK, S theaftof plundering a coun- try, or killing its inhabitants ; devaltation. HAU'TBOY, S. [pronounced ho/joy from btiur, Fr. and .'^&:s, Fr.j a mulical indrument of the wind kind, Ihaped like a flute, ex- cepting its fpre;.diiig wider towards the bot- tom, furnifned « itii a reed to found with, and deriving its name from il.^ tone being higher than that of the violin. In tJotany, applied to a large fpecies of itr.iwbcnies. HA' \V THORN, S. the thorn generally growing in hedecs, and bearing haws. To HAW, V. N. to fpeak llouly, with much hditaiioD, and frcoucnt intern)ifTions. HAWK., H A Z H E A KAWK, S. a bird of prey, formerly man- 1 males. Sometimes it is ufcd witho'm anyre- rcJ, r- chimed, bred, and made ufe of catch other birds ; an effort made in the throat, attended with a noile, to force phlegm from tliencc. To HAWK, V. A. [from ha-wk] to catch birds with a hawk ; to force up phlegm from the throat with a noifc; to fell any thing, by crying \t in the ftreets. HA'WKED, Adj. crooked or formed like a hawk's bill. }i\ WKER, S. [from hock, Teut.] one vi.. fells wares by crying them about ftreets, particularly applied to thofe who fell news- papers. HA'WKWEED, S. a kind of plant. HA W'SES, S. round holes in a fh-p un- der her head, thro' M'hith the cables pafs V hen fhe is at anchor. HAY. S. [My, grafs m.T.ved and drieu to feed cattle with To dance the hoy, is to dance round a couple of pcrf MIS who are d;incing at the lame time. H.A\ MAKER, S. one employed in turn- ing gr.iis when cut for hay. HAY'STACK, S. a large quantity of hay Lid in a heap. HA'ZARD, S. \azar. Span.] chance ; ac- cident ; anything, that happens without be- ing forefecn or Redetermined ; danger, or a poffibility of danger j a game played with dice. To HA'ZARD, V. A. fhaxarJer, Fr.] to cxpofe to chance, or a poHiLility of danger ; to venture ; to run a riitjue. HA'ZARDABLE, Adj. venturefomej li- able to chance. HA'ZARDKR, S. one who does a thing without any cerain knowledge or regard of its confcqutnces. HA'ZARDOUS, Adj. dangerous; expofed to a polT'Lility of danger ; liable to chance. HA'ZARDOUSLY, Adv. in Aich a man- I ncr as to be expofed to danger. To H.AZE, V. N. to be toggy, mifty, or cloudy. HAZE, S. [buz, Perf. a cloudj a fog, or mift. HA'ZEL, S. [ha-Jl, Sax. hafc/, Belg.] in Botany, the corylus, from the Greek, or a- "vUlana, ixom /Ivcila, a town in Campania, where it abounded, a tree bearing nuts. Lin- n^usrang'.'sitin theSth icOc of his ii ftclafs. HA'ZEL, Adj. confiding or made of ha- zel. Of a light brown or the colour of ha- zel, app! cd to col ur. ference to any foregoing word, and then lig- nifies all mankind colle(ft;vely, or any peifon indefinitely. " /L- is never poor that little " hath ; but he that much defires." Dan. A man or male being. " To a.nAver thee, or " any^e." Shak. Generally iifed in com- pofition to exprefs the male of any fp^cics. HEAD, S. (pronounced /..y/; hctd, 111. J the uppermofl part of an animal, which con- tains the brains. Figuratively, a chief, prin- cipal, or leading perfon, applied to focicties, or communities. The face, front, or fore- moft part of an army ; hence to lum head, is to attack. The top of any thing, particular- ly applied to fuch a-; are bigger than the other parts. Joined with quarms, chief. The furface, or that which rifes to the furface of liquors. Strength, applied to liquors. The Run. l^. ba-w'i, Goth.] principal topics or articles of a difcourfc ; the Source of a ftream j a crifis, or pitch. In anatomy, the extremity of a bone, or a mufclc. In architecture, an ornament of carved work, ferving for the key of an arch or plat-band. In fargery, a ftate of maturity or ripentfsi. " The matter when come to ahead.'" <♦ Head and ears, the whole perfon. Head and Jhouldcrt violently j unnaturally ; forcedly. To ilEAD, V. A. to march oefore ; to command or lead an army ; to cut off a per- fon' s head. " If you/)^a</andhang." &hak. To fit any thing with a head, " Headed with " flints." F. S^een. To lop the tops of trees. HEA'D-ACH, S. [hcadfod-ecc, Sax.] a pain in tiie head. HEA'D-BAND> S. a fillet or bandage tied round the head. In book-binding, the band at each end of a book. HE'AD-BOROUGH, S, [from /.^/s,f,Sax. and horge., Sax.] primarily the chief of a frank- pledge ; at prefent a petty conftable. HE'ADER, S. [pronounced hedcr'] one who heads or puts heads to pins or nails. HE'ADINESS, S. hurry; ralhnefs ; or obftinate perfcvcrance in one's own opinion. HE'AD-LAND, S. a promontory, or cape, HE'ADLESS, Adj. wuhout a head ; be- headed. Without a chief, or ruler, applied to a fociety or community. Obftinate; incon- fiderate ; rafli, perhaps inftead of becdlefs, "■ //tvi(/Ayi hardinefs in condemning." Spei.- fer. HE'ADLONG, Adj. with the head fore- mo(! in a fall ; ralh ; thoughtlefs ; without meditation; fuddcn, or precipitate. HE'ADLONG, Adv. with the head firft IT A'Z ELL Y, Adj. of the colour of hazel, ! or foremolt ; ralhly, or without thought, or liglit brown. " Haauiy loam." Mart. haflily, or without delay. HE'AD MOULD-SHOT, S. in Medicine, a difcafe in children, whertin the futures of the (kull, particularly the coronal, ride, or liave their edges clofed over each other. As this is an irremediable diforder, nurles and parents ought to be very careful how they promote it by forehead cloths and other me- thods HA'ZY, S. [from haxe,hu%, Perf. a cloud] dark ; foggy ; milly j cloudy, applied to weather. HE, Pronoun [his, genit. him, accuf. and dat.] This word is fubliiiuted for a pcrfon's name, in order to prevent its being too often rc^ieaicd in k diicourfc, ^nd u applicil only to / H E A thocls, which they ignorantly make ui: of, a* they fay. to dole the utjuIJ. Hl-.'ADPIKCK,, S. armour for the head ; a hchr.et. Aniorj femfhcffs, ihdt pjrt of a cap or honnct vviiich goes over the crow n of the head. Figuratively, unJerilandiiig, or judgement. HE'AD-QUARTF.RS. S. the place of ge- neral rendezvous or lodgement for ioldicrs 1,'E'ADSlllP, S. dignity ; authority; the condition or Ttjtc of a ruler or governor- HF'ADSMAN, S. an executioner j or one v,bo behead;, malefitftors. Ht'ADS ruNE, S. the chief flone, or that vihich is placed firlf in a corner, wheth.er at the top, to idorn and (Irengthen, or at the iotioni tofecureanjfupport it: hence Chriff is c;il ed, " The J .-ad or heudfone of tl)e "• corner " l^faL cxviii. 22. A tombrtone pLced at the head of a gi.ive. HE'ADSTRONG, Adj. oj3il.inate j un- raVj ; or not eafily governed. HL'.'Ai>Y, Adj. rafti, or without delibe- ration; obfti'n.itc, or riot to be ruled. Stiong, or apt to ^tf.t: t!ie h,ad, applied to liq'iors. To HEAL, V A. [ha-g..n, Goth, iarl^r, S.IX.] to curt a pcrfon who lias been wound- ed, or Tick. In .Surg'.ry, to unite or confo- lidatcthe lips of a wound or ulcer. Neutcr- ly» ^° grow wel , uppiied to wounds or fores. JifALKR, S. one who cures wounds, or leinoves dikales. HE'A ING, Part, mild; gentle; pacifis «e eafily reconciled, applied to the temper Curing, applied to medicine. BEALTfl, S [pronounced kehh, from tal. Sax.] applied to the boily, a proper dif- pofiirion of the feveral parts to perform their lefpedive funfUons, without any impedi- Bfiient or feu fallen of pain, Appli.d to the Iflind, a jutf difpolition of the mind, aiid jajional powtrs, to perform their i c fpcflive oftces, witl out being impeded by paflion, or bJatlcJ by ai-v undue inhuence. A ceremony afed in drinkin^',, \vhe:cin a peri'on wilbes aii- odier health. HE.a'LTHFUL, Adj. fres from pain or Ccknefc; that \sliieh may promote the dcimi- nioa of reafon, or advancemeni of virtue-, by ftifling theN ioiv-nce of paiIion,,ar,d by kfk-n- ing the force of vicious habit.^. " 'l"hc *' /if^.'/JT/K/fpirit of t!"iy f^rjcc." Con men F ray . KFA'LTHtC'LLY^ Adj. in fueh a ir.an- ner as to promote health ; appearing iii good health. HF.VLTHFULKE3S, S. the Hate of be- ing well, or enjoying h-.alth ; the (juality of promoting or prekrving health. FIEA'LTHINKSS, Ac'j. the llatc of en- jovinj^ health, free from any interval of fick- ncfs. HEA'LTHLESS, Adj. weak ; fickly ; in- firm. HE'ALTHSOME, Adj. conuibutmg 10 the prefcrvation of hciJtb. H E A HFA'LTIIY, Adj. in health ; free from ficl'.nefs ; found. HEAP, S. [pivinonnced/f ■/»,of )?'(V7;',Sax.] any collection of things thrown upon each i.>tlier ; a crowd or multitude ; a tlirong j a chifler or )i umber of perfons aficmbled to- gether. To HEAP, V. A. \hepian. Sax.] to throw together, or 'upon one anotlier ; to ac- cumulate, pile up, or acquire abundantly ; to add to foniething elfe. HEA'PER, S one V, ho piles, throws, or place.5 feveral things upon each other. , To HEAR, V". N. \lyran. Sax.] /.../rr, Dan. I to enioy the faculty by which founds are d flinguifhed j to perceive a found ; to liilen orliearken to ; to be told or informed of by woids ; to give audience ; to give a perfon permifOon to fpeak, and to attend or liikn t') him when fpeaking. HEA'RER, S. one who attends to any difcourfe fpoken by another ; one who per- ceives what another fpeaks ; one who i.s in- formed of foniething by v\ords which he does not fee. HEA'RING, S. the fenfe by which founds are perceived ; audience ; a judicial trial ; the leach of the ear, or the diftance within wlxich founds can be perceived. ,lo HEA'RKEN, V. N. [pronounced h.irken] to liflen attentively, or pay a regard to what a perfon fays. HEA'RKENER, S. a liflener, or one who attends and pays a regard to what is fpoken by anoihcr. HEA'RSAY, S. that which a perfon does not know for certain himfelf,butgdthe!sfrom rumour or common fame. HEA'RSE, S. [pronounced ^.«/f ; teayp panna,\, S;;x.J a covered carriage, hung wuh black cloth, tfc. in which dead bodies arc conveyed to the place of inierr.icnt. HEART, S. [pronounced lart^ J.airto, Goth./.'Lrr.-,Sax.]amufculousboJyfitiiatedon I the left iidc of an animal, which, by its alter- nate con traction and dilatation, keeps up the I circolaiion of the blood, and is coniideledas I the caufe of vital heat or motion. ]n popul-ir ! and fcriptme lan^'^uage, it is taken for the feat I of cour.'.ge or aficc''don. Figuratively, the 'chief or principal part ; the inner part cf any ' thing. Coura.V or fpirit, oppoied to dejpa r j or dcjeracr. Xk'^ with get, dcli-vcr, or fay, I (hength of memory, 'ihe inward rectHes of the mind ; fciife or meaning: " The " /[.ftirf of my mefi'ige." Shak. 1 he mind» I or confcic-ncc. Strength, or power of j-ro- I ducing, applied to foil. The highell or ut- mort degree. " To the very ieurt of lofs." Shak. 'io lufe ones heart, i» to be very much enamoured, or to fall fo deeply in love, tliat reafon carinot controul the affe£tioni To take t2 heart, is to be zealous, earned, felicitous, or grieved about any thing Te- f.nd in the I bccit^ is not to be entirely or much averfe to. \ Some- H E A H E A Jametimes it (Ignifies, notwithlTsavlIng a] HEA'RTS-EASK, S. a plant of the violet pcrfon exerts his ftrength or taltnts to the kinJ, that blows all the fummer. urtnolh Hetirt is often ufej in con^>ofilion for the mind, foul, or alfeiiion. HEART-ACH, S. Ibrrow ; pang; an- gniih of mind, HK/V'RT BREAK, S. excedive forrow. " Rettcr a little chiding than a great dejl of •■' hcr.it-Lrcak.^' Hkjk. HEA'RT-SICK, Adj. [bcorujeoc. Sax.] under any pain, difcowiteiit, or anguiili of iTii;;d, mortally-ill ; procecrdinir from, and difcovcring fome dangerous hurt. " The " IneAhm heart- fiik gxOMi." Shtik. H A'RT- STRINGS, S. the tendons or nerves Uip pofed to brace the heart. Her.ce HEA'RT-BREAKING.Adj. over-power- [to afta Vacheart-p-'tngs \s to g\we the mo ft cxcefTive or ing with forrow HEA'IIT- BREAKING, S overpowering grief. HEART-BL'KN, S. in Medicine, a p.iin at the mouth of the lloniach, caufed either hy an ulcali, or acid ^'fi^vailing in tlic (lo macli. HE.VRT-BURNED, Adj. uneafy, or difcor;tented. '' I never can fee )iim but I " am l-rtai;-l urn d for an hour after." Shah HEA'RT-iiL'RNlNG, S. See Figuratively, difcoutcnt ; giudgc; or Iccrtt enmity. HEART-DEAR, Adj. d^-ar as one's life : fmcerclv and highly bcloVcd. HE.VR T-EAsK, S. truiiqiiiliity; aiiiet: a Itate of mind undifturbed by any paffion. " What infinite bcart-eaj't moit kings neg- ♦' left." i^-ixk. i.xquih:e pain to the body or mind. HE;v'Rr-S TRUCK, Adj. driven to the heart, or fixed immoveably iu the mindj ihocked vvitii fear and difmay. HEA'RT- WHOLE, Adj. without any bias on theafFeftions. " You have not fccn " me yet— and therefore — yon are hcar't- " luhoi:" Dryd. In good health ; without impairment of the conllitiition. ter." Sh<ik.\ HE,-i'Rr-WOL?NDING, Adj. affefting Heart-lurn. the mind with grief. " A ihvkk heart-tuound- gnef. " i«^." Rrive, HEA'KTY, Adj. \he<frty, Stx.] fmcere ; Lindillcn;!iling ; warm or .zeak>i,is; in fuii lictlth ; vigorous; (trong; merry. HEAT, S. [pronounced Aft/ j the fenfation we havewhen we are near the fire; thecaufe of the fenfation of heat or burning, ccnfit- ing in a very brilk agitation of the fcufibic HKA'RTED, Adj. difpofcd, or liicHnsd. | parts of the objert, which produces in us It isonly ufedincompoiition, as fiJ/iy-M/rrfi,; liirit fenfation fiom whence we denominate inclined to cruelty ; not to lie aHeCled with itlic objeft hot; hot weatiicr; the flate of a <liUrefs, or prevailed on by entreaties. |ijo.<y widch is put into a fire; the ftate of a To IIEA'liTEN, V. A. to encourage or | tiling once hot; a coupfe at a race, or the animate a perfon to an attempt ; to roufc Ifp.ice of groundwhich a horfcis to rzin with- from a (late of dcj(.-cli>n ; to comfort; tu j uut rtltiag; a red coluir, or pimples arifin? improve and prefervc ground tcrtiic by maniuc ' tVom the warnuh of weather, l^c. "Hears Vith richelt dung 'o kiurtin it." Alay in their faces." AUi^. Viol-nee or vehc- HL- A'RT-FELT, Adj. that which atfccls mcnce of pa!lion ; the height or the moit the mind j that which is eterriai; that which is fiiicere. " v\ hat nothinj; earthly gives, orcan deifroy, " The foul's calm fun-lhine, and tlie heart- '■'■felt j^'y. ' Pope. HEAR'I H, S. [hearth. Sax. Kurd, Belg. herd, leut. ] the ground of a chimney, or the pavement in a chimney on ivhich a fire is made, or a sirate (lands. HEA'KTILV, Adj.lincereiy; diligently 3 eageily; with a vehement detire ; iargeJy. HEA'K TIN ESS, S. a warmth oi affeflion; free from hypocrify ; vigour, diligence, or ftrength. HEA'RTLESS, Adj. without courage or Spirit ; witliout comfort. HEA'RTLESSLY, Adj. without courage or (pirit ; faintly. HEA'R TLESSNESS, S. want of courage or fpirit ; a ft .'c of deje(fiion. HEAi^ T I'EAS, S. a plant h called from bearing round feeds in funn of (..tas, of a bhick colour, with the figure of a heart, in white, upon each of them. HCA'R r-REMDING, Adj. renaing the heart ; killing with anguilh. violccU-part of an aftion or battle ; faction con'elt, or the rage of party. Warmth, ai* dour, applied either to the thoughts or elocu- tion " Hea-s of eloquence." Add'if. To HEA r, V. A. Ihiite, l^.haten, Pelg.] to make hot, or endue with a powerof hurn- ii)g; to grow warm by fermcnt-ition ; to ftr- mint ; to warm with vehemence of palTion or dcfire ; to produce a fenfation of warmth by violent exercife. HEA'TER, S. a piece of iron cither cart, or forged, of a triangular form, which, be- ing made red hot in the fire, is made ule of, !)y being placed in a box-iron, to fmootii linen with. HEATH, S. {h^th. Sax. or heeth-bergean. li-ifiin, Sax. J a llirub of a low (lature, .tud fmall leaves, wh ch are green all the year. In Latin, it is called er'na, from einxu, Gr. to break, from its fuppodd virtue of bre.ik- ing the (tone in the bhidder; and perhaps its French name/;rj(yr«-f is (>« ing to tfic f.tmc fiippofition. The (pccies arc four. Fjpui,.- tivcly, it fignifies a place overgrown with rhe above plant, cr covered uithlhiubsof any kind, HEA'TH-, H E A IIE.VTH COCK, S. a bird of game, wliich frtquents heaths. HEA'THE.>I. S [b^thrn, Sax eSuxoc, Gr. j a Pagan who worfhips falfe gods, and is rot acquainted either with the doftrines of the Old reft^ment or the Chriflian dilpen- fatton , a Gentile. HEA'THKN, Adj. belonging to thofe na- tions triat are ftrangers to the unity of the Deity, or the doftrines ot revelation. HEATHENISH, Adj. pnaifing idolatry. Piguratively, wild ; favage; rapacious; cruel. HEAaHENISHLY, Adv. after the man- »er of a perfon who is a ftranger to Scrtptnre. HEA'THENISM,S [herh-Kgdei, Sax.] the worfhip of idols j or the religion of thofc na- tions who were unacquainted with Scripture. H£A'rH-PEAS,S.afpecies of bitter vetch. To HEAVE, V. A. [iprtter heaved ; part. itaved i heafian. Sax. ] to lift up or raife from the ground ; to carry or fling ; to make a thing rife orfwcll ; to elate, or puff with fuc- ccfs. Neuterly, to pant or breathe with pain, and frequent rifmg and falling of the breaft ; to rife with pain ; to fwell higher or larger ; to keck ; to be fqueamifli, or find a tenden- cy to vomit. HEAVE, S. a lift, or effort made upwards ; arifingof thebreaft ; aftrugglc tonit.Heu'ue- cffer'mg, in Scripture,aD offering that was held or lifted up in the fight of the congregation. HEA'VEN, S. [pronounced be-ven with the e (hort, of beafon. Sax.] the regions a- hove ; the iky ; the habitation of blefied fpiritsand angels; God. " Now ^.^zf^Bhelp him." Sbak. In the plural, applied to the heathen goJs- Figurately, the greatefl degree or height j elevation or fublimity. " O, for •5 a mufe of fire, that would alcend — the brighteft cca-v\n of compofition !" ^hak. HEA'VENLY, Adj. [hecfonlk. Sax.] j-e- fcmbling heaven ; elevated beyond the com- mon prduftionsof mankind; perfeft in the highcn v'enrec ; inhabiting heaven. HEA'VENLY, Adv. in a pious manner ; in a manner refrmbling that of heaven j . by the agency or affluence of heaven. HE .'V NWARD, Adj, towards heaven. HEA'VILY, Adv. with great weight. Fi- guratively, grievoufly j with grfiat affliftion, deieiflion, or fovrosv. H A'VINESS, S. weight, or that'quality in a boiiv which renders it difficult to be lift- ed. Applied to themind, dejedftion.depre/Iion, languor, inaptitude to motion or thought j oppreffion Hi A'VY, Adj. {heafg. Sax.] noteafily lift- ed, or thrown upwards; weighing much, or tcnd'n;? to the center; forrowful ; dcjedlcd ; gricvoulh, or oppicfTIve. Wanting hrifKnefs, or ^)ull, ;ipplie-d to the eyes: drowiy. Want- in,", firi.'. fnirit, or the ornaments of conipo- fition, applied to (Hie. Tedious, or oppreffing like a bu<-then, applied t© time. Caufing a fenldiion of weight, and not eafiiy digefted, H E D applied to food . ''Such as retain the oil or " fat, are moll hea'uy to the (tomach. Arbuih. HE'BDOMAD, S. \ hel>doMas, Lat.] a week or fpace of time confiPring of fcven days. HEB.OO'MADAL, or HEBDCMADO- RY, Adj. weekly; confifting of feven days. To HE'BETATE, V. A. to dull; to blunt J to (lupify; to make dim. " The eye, " \£ heikatfJ." Har-vcy. HE'BETUDE, S. [hebetui^, Lat.] du!!- nefs ; bluntnefs; obtuienefs; want of dil- cernment or fagacity. HE'BRAISM. S [kehra'tfnie, Yv.hebraifwus, low Lat.] a method of expreflion, or a phrafe borrowed from, or peculiar to, the Hebrew. HEBRAIST, or HEBRI'CIAN, S. a perfon (killed in Hebre.v. HE'CATOMB, S. [vaxtw, and Byj% Gr.] a facrifice confifting of an hundred cattle. HECTIC, or HECTICAL, Adj. [ybfffi^a^, Fr. ) habitual ; conflitutional. HcHlck-fcvcry a flow and continual one, ending in a con- fumptiori, and oppofed to fuch as arife from a plethora, becaufe attended with a too lax (bte of the excretory paflages, and generally thofe of the (kin. Troubled with a diflem- pered heat. " No heBk ftudent," Taylor. HE'CTOR, S. [from HeHor the Irojan hero] a huUy ; a bluftering, noify, and tur- bulent perfon. To HECTOR, V. A. to threaten ; to treat with infolcnce ; to play the bully. HEDGE, S. afence of trees or bu(hes made round any ground to defend it from en- croachments, or between the different parts of a garden, fefc. A qmckfct hedge is that which is formed of prickly bulhes or trees which take root and grow. "Wlien prefixed to any word, it denotes fomething mean, vile and tontemptiblc. " CorrecHor of a hed^e-prefs,^' Sivift. To HEDGE, V. A. to inclofe with a fence of trees or bufhes. Ufcd with uj>, to obftrudl or (lop up a paflage. To force in with diffi- culty ; to makewayinto a place already full, by that way which requires the leaf! room. HE'DGEHOG, S. ffo called from the bridles which fiirround it, as it were with a hedge] in Natural Hiflory, a four footed ani- mal, having its backfiJe and flanks let with ftrong and (harp prickles, which by the help of a mufcle, can cotitrn£l itfelf into a globular form, and withdraw its whole underpart, head, belly, and legs, within its thicket of piickles. In Botany, a plant. The globe filh. HE'DGENETTLR, S a plant. HE'DGE-NOTE, S. aword of contempt for low and mean note-writing. " i. he hedge " rotes." Dryd. HE'DGEPIG, S. a young hedge-hog. " The hidge-pigv/h'me:."' Shak. HE'DGRROW, S. ftveral trees planted in a line for an inclodire. HEDGING-BILL, S. a kind of axe or hatchet, with which hedges are cut KE'DGER» H E G HE'DGER, one %vho makes or repairs hedges. To HERD, V. A. [keJan, Sax.] to mind 5 to take notice of j to view with care or atten- tion. HEED, S. [hoed, Bel».] care; carneft appli- cation of the mind; caution ; notice; care to avoid; regard or refpeflfnl notice; fcrioufnefs; naidnefs."A^tWvvasinhiscountenance."5i!i7. HE'EDFUL, Adj. cautious or careful tvf the immediate effedts or confei.]uenccs of an adion ; attentive, or careful in taking notice or obferving. HE'liDFULLY, Adv. in an attentive or . aiitious manner. HE'ED FULNESS, S. caution ; attentive notice. \ HE'EDLRSS, Adj. negligent; inattentive. HE'EDLESSLY, Adv. in an inattentive or carelef manner. HE'EDLESSNESS, S careleflhefs ; aftate of mind wherein a perfon neither takes notice of what he fees, regards what he hears, nor minds the confeijueuces either of his a<ftions or rafhnefs. HEEL, S. [Me, Sax.] the hinder part of the foot; uny thing which covers, or is rtiaped like a heel : hence it is applied to the back part of a ftocking, ^nd has given rife to the phrafe, To he out of heel, i. e. to lie very much impair- ed, or in a declining condition. "A good man's " fortune may gr civ out at hechy ^shak. To be at the hceh, is to purfue clofely. To lay by the hteh, is to fetter, Ihackle, or imprifon. To HEEL, V. N. to dance by beadi;g the heels on the ground, as in jiggj- " I cannot " ling, nor /jff/ the high lavoit " Sbak, To heel on one fide, applied to a Ihip. HE'ELPJECF, S. a lift of one or more pieces of leather, cork, or wood, fixed on the bottom cf the hind p;:rt of a fhoe; a piece of Icath.cr, l^c. fcwed on the heel of a ihoe, to repair what is worn away. To HE'ELPIECE, V. A. to fewer faden a piece of leather on z (hoe-heel. HEFT, S. [from hcai-t, mf Ifl.] a keck, or a violrnt effort m.ide to difcharge fome- thing naufcou'from theilom'ach ; the handle of a knife, &c. of L<s^fr, Sax, "' Both blade " a. d Leftr V/^lki: HEGIRA, S. Arab, fliglit, now applied by theArabs tofiimify a voluntary exile or flighty to efcapc pcrfccution, 10 fly or run away tfom one's friends, relations, and country. InChro- nolo'^y, a cclebr.'ited cpocha from u hence the Wahommtdans compute their time, which took its origin from Mahomet's flight from Mecca on tiie evening of the 15th or 16th of July, kii, in the reign of Heraclius, being driven from thence l-y the magiltrates, for fear his impolhire lliouldocc.ifion fedition. t\% the years of the hegira confill of only 354 days, they are reduced to the Julian calendar by multiplying the year of the hcgir.i by 35/), dividing the prodii^ by 565, fubtr-'.^ing the H E L intercilary days, or as many times as there are four years in the quotient, aod adding 6ii to the remainder. HEl'FER, S. [pronotmced kcffe- ; o<ihcah' fare. Sax.] a young maiden cow, fomewhat larger than a calf. HEI'GH-HO, Interjeft. a word ufed to. exprefs flight languor and uncadnefs ; and fomictimes applied to fignify a joyful exulta- tion. " Hdgh-ho for the honour of old Eng- " land." Dryd. HEIGHT, S. [pronounced hite; haut, Fr. althii, Lat. See H'gh^} diftance or fpace above ground; Ipace meafured upwards. In Geo- graphy, the degree of latitude. A fumniit, afccnt, or eminence ; elevation, rank, or dig- nity above othcis ; the utmoft degree, perftc- j tion, or exertion. To HEI'GHrEN, V. A. [pronounced hightcn'\ to raife above ground or on high i., to prefer or raife to a higher pofl: ; to improve or raife to a higher degree of perfedion ; to aggravate, or increafe any bad quality ; to adorn, or make more beautiful or fplendid by ornaments. HEl'NOUS, Adj. [pronounced heinous^ from haitieux, Fr. ] wicked in a high degree ; atrocious ; ihameful ; odious. HEl'NOUSLY, Adv. in a very wicked or atrocious manner. HEI'NOUSNESS, S. the quality which makes an action exceedingly wicked. HEIR, S. [herhier, Fr. hares, Lat.] in Civil Law, one who fuccceds to the whole eltate of another, after his death, whether by right of blood or tcflamenr. In Common Lav\', one who fucceeds, by right of blood, to any man's lands or tenements in fee. An .heir opparciit, is he on whom tin- luccefllon is i^o fettled, that it cannot be altered without al- tering the laws of fucceflaon. //- h prcfun-fihie, is the neaicft relation to thr;prcfent lliccciibr, who, without the particular will of the tefla- tor, cannot be (ct afide. To HEIR, V. A. to inherit, or pofTefs by right of inheritance. HEI RESS, S. a female viho fucceeds to the cftate of another, either by will or by blood. HEI'RLESS, Adj. without children to fucceed to an inherit.mce. HEI'RSHTP, S. the fiatc, condition, or privilege of an heir. HELD, precer and part. palT. oi Hold. HELl'ACAL, Adj. [ktliaoue, Fr. of aj(i<, Gr. the fun | hid by, or appearing by comii>g out of, the luflre ot the iiin. hciiacai lifng, in Adronomy, is applied to a flar, v\hich after Kaving been hid by the fun's rays, lifes before it, and by that means becomes vifble. Ihiuical fttirg, is applied to a ftar which approaches fo near to the lun as to be hid by its rays. HELl'/'.CALLY, Adv. in Anionomy, in fuch a manner as to cn:ergc from the fun's rays and becvme vifible, or in fuch a man- ntc H E L ner as to apprnnch Co near to ths fun as to be hid by its fpltiidor. P.ELl'CAL, Adj. [hrue, Fr. of sXw, Gr] fpiral ; or twifting like a cork-fcrew. HELI'COID, S. [fromsXi*, aiide.ao,-, Gr ] in Mathematics, applied ton parabola or curve, arifinj; from the fuppofition of the axii of the common Appollonian paraliola being ^ent round ihe periphery of a circle, and is a line puiTing -through the extremities of the ordi- nates. HELIOCE'NTRIC. Adj. \helhccntnjuc, Fr. of oXio;, and xevt^ov, Gr. | in Aflionomy. applied to the place of a planet, as it would appear to us from the fun, if tlve eye were fixed in its centre. HE'LIOSCOPE, S [r;Xiof,and rxo7r£»;,Gr.] a kind of tclefcope fitted for looking at the body of the fun, w'thout hurting the eyes. HE'LIOTROPE, S. \ kcUotnflwn, Lat.] a plant which is fuppofed to turn fo as to be oppofite to the i|u..rtcr in which the fun fliines ; a riiMi-rol, or fun-flower. HELISPHE'RICAL, Adj. [from Helix and Sphere] in Navigation, applied to the rhomb line, becaiife on the globe it winds fpirally round the pole, advancing continually nearer and nearer towards, without terminat- ing in it. HE'LIX, S. [eX<^, Gr. hdife, Fr.] a fpiral line, or that which refembles a cork-fcrew. HELL, S. \heUc, .Sax. of /'f/w?;. Sax. haJ^e, Goth, bel, Belg. hclk, Teut. below, /:.?/, III'.] the place wherein the devil and wicked fouK are confiin'd 5 the wicked fpirits, or inhal)i- tantsofhc!l5 a place of inconceivable mifcry In Scripture, the original word is fcheol, and fi«nifies fometimes the grave, or flate of the dead ; for though it is tranflated gra-ve in Gen. xxxvii ^ ^. and xlii. 38. yet the fame word is tranflated hdl, PpA xvi. 10. which the con- text fticws muR beunderftood the grave, or (late of the dead. In this fenfe it is th.it W'C underltand the word hdl in the apt.fllcs creed; but not according to the vulgar notion of a place of endltfs torments, or a place wliere the devil and wicked fpirits refide. It miift, however, be confefTed, that fckeo! is fome- times ufcd in the laft fenfe; as in Pj'al. ix 17. and ProT.' XV. 11. The gates of hell. Mat:. xvi. 18 implies the power and policy of the devil and his inltruments, alluding to the eailern cuflom of keeping comts of jullicein the gates of cities, lie jlrrr^vs and pains of heJl, Pjhl. xviii. 5. is an PIcbrew phrafe for excefUve p:i!n and forrow, or fuch a degree as threarcrs a perfor.'s life. HELL-HOUND, S. \of M/f-hunJ, Sax. the fabled dog which guards the infernal re- gions. Figuntivcly, an agent oremiflary of the devil. HE'LLEr^ORE, S. [/xMon,s, Lat.] a plantof which tl^.tre arc two forts, one called the /'!.■.'/;, and the other called the 'zvi'itc. li£'LL£NlSM, S. [£XXsvia-,u>f, Gr.J an H E L idiom, phrafe, or manner of exprefHon pc- culinr to the Greek. '. HE'LLISH, Adj. [M/ice, Sax.] having the qualities of hell, or the devil ; cxceffivcly wicked or mi.iicious; fcnt from hell. HE'LLISHLY, Adv. in a very wicked and malicious manner ; wickedly ; or like the devil. HE'LLISHNE.SS, S. wickednefs in ex- ccfs ; any tjuiiity inconfiftent with goodnels, rendering us like the devil. HE'LL WARD, Adv. tov.-ards hell. HELM, S. [IcwK Sax.] a covering for- merly worn in war to protect and defend the iiead. " With plumed /-rw." Dryd. That part of a coat of arms which bears the creft. The upper part, or head of a retort, in Chc- mifcry. T.he rudder or board by which the courfe of a veOc! is dire(fted or altered, from helma. Sax. Figuratively, one who adminif- ters the afiT/irs of a kingdem. " You flander ''the hrh:s o th' ftate." ^hak. A poft in the adminiftratio"; or the fcaiion of thofe who condu<ft the affairs of a government. To HELM, V. A. to move the helm, in order to guide or alter the courfe of a vei7Li. Figuratively, to guide or condiiift. " The '' bufmefs he hath helmed.'''' Shak. HE'lMED, Adj. wearing a helmet, or liead-piece. " The hchied cherubim." Par. Loji. HE'LMET, S. [lelmet, Belg.?/».v/.b, Ital.] a covering for the head, worn formerly in battle. To HELP, V. A. fpreter helped, partici- ple helped \ k:lpian. Sax. | to adift a perfon in order toenablchim to perform any thing. T'l hclh I'p, to enable a perfon to raife him- felf from the ground, who could not rife without a(Ti(tancc. To forbear, avoid, or refrain from, followed by a participle of the prefent tenfe. " I cannot help remarking " Pope. To carve, or hand meat to a perfon at table. HELP, S. [kelp, Brit and Belg.] aflaftance or aid in weaknefs; fupport in neceflity ; re- lief in diftrefs ; that which forwards or pro^- motes ; the perfon or thing which arfifts. A remedy, followed hij for. " There is no " help for it." holder. HE'LPER, S. one who enables a perfon to perform anything, by lending his afiUbnce; a fupcrnum'erary fcrvant, employed only oc- cafionally ; one who fupplies with any thing wanted. HE'LPFUL, Ad], ufeful; that which fup- plies any defcft either in bodily Ifrength or undcrfta-d ng ; wholcfome, or fldutary. " Draw /v//-/!;/ medicines of ]foXim.'" Raleigh, Promoting or advancing any end. HE'LPLESS, Adj. w-anting power to fuc- cour one's fclf ; wanting fupport er ufiirt- ance ; not to be remedied or altered for the better; void, or deficient. " Helplefs o£ all " that human wants require." Dryd. 3 HE'LP- HEN HR'LPLESSLY, Adv. without fiitcour, or ftiength to Aippoit one's fclf. HE LPLRSSNRSS, S. want of ftrength to fnccour one's (llf. HE'LTP:R SKfLTER, Adv. in a con- fiifcd manner ; in a hurry j without any or- der or regularity. HELVE, S. [/j-y>, Sax.] the handle of an axe. " The head iiippeth from the Lei'vi.' Dcut. ix. 5. HEM, S. [/6fw, Sax.] the edge of a gar- ment doubled and fewed to keep it from un- ravelling ; the noife made by a fudden effort or expiration of the breath. HEM, Interjccft. [ Lat.] a word ufed to exprefs an indired diflfke or aftonilhmcnt at fomething related. To HE}<,1, V. A. [See the noun] to clofe the edge of linen by turning it over, and Tew- ing it down, in order to keep it from unra- velling. Figuratively, to few any thing on the edges of cloth, &c. " Hemmed v.ith gol- *' den fringe." Fairy S^ 1e hem in, to in- clofe, confine, or fiirround on all fides ; to make a noife Ijy a violent fetching or expul- lion of breath. HE'MICRANY, S. [tuirv, and y^ancv, Gr.] in Medicine, a pain which atfccfts only one half of the head at a time. HE'MIPLEG Y. S. [of ?)/y.(c-o, andwXsirc-iw, Gr.J in Medicine, a paully or nervous dif- order which feizes one fide at a time. HEMISPHERE, S. [Fr. of ny^.jv, and <T<f'aiji8v, Gr.] one half of the globe, when cut through the center in the plane of one of its great circlei;. HEMISPHE'RIC, or HEMISPHE'RI- CAL, Adj. [o( hcmifphcrt:] half round }- con- taining halt a globe. HE'MISTICH, S. [hermfachc, Fr.] half a verfe. HE'MLOCK, S. [ben.kac] in Botany, a plant fomerinies ufcd in medicine, and in fattening hogs, but reckoned by the ancients a deadly poiibn. HEMP, S. \_het:ep, ?ux. c.rnrapa, Ital.] a plant of which cordage and cloth is made, and of the feed, an oil ufed in medicine. HE'MP-AGKIMONY, S. a plant which grows wild by ditches. HE'MPiiN, Adj. confining or made ot hemp. HEN, S. [hanna, Goth. I.atia, ban, kcett, hen, henne, Sax. J the fcmjie of the Common houfe cock ; joined to words to exprefs the female of fuch bird.*; or fowls, which have but one word ior both fexes j a /.t/;-fpjrrow. *' Whilftlhe kcv.-h'vd is covering." yiduij. HP:'N-DRIVER,Ht'NHARM,orHt.N- HA'RRIFR. S. a f^-ecics of hau k. HEN'HEA'RTED, A dj.ea(:ly frightened, timorous; cowardly; like a hen, HEN-PL'CKRD, Adj. figuratively, fub- je<fl to, or governed by, a wiic, HER HEN-ROOST, S. a place where poultry refit. HE'NS-FEET, S. a kind of plant. HE'NBANE, S. a very poifo. ous plant. HENCE, Adv. and InterjeO. \hnnon, of Z:r5flan, Sax. hinc, Lat. J at a diliance from any fpot, applied to place ; therefore fnm hence, is a vicious cxprcffion, which has crept into ufe even among good authors, as the primary fetife of the word hence was forgotten, i'rom any p;:aicular inft.int or period, applied to time. For this realon ; from this caufe ; from thisfource. " //f«if may be deduced the '' force of excrcife." Arhinh^ At the begin- ning of a fentence, it is ufed as an interjec- tion, cxpreiling fudden paffio^i and difdain, bidding a peribn quit the place, or leave ofTaii adion : " Hence with your little ones." Lhak. HENCEFO'RTH, Adj. Ibeononjorth ,%^y..'\ from this time forward. HENCEFO'RWARD, Adv. \heonenfc.r- ivcard. Sax J from this time; to all futurity- To HEND, V. A. [hcn:an. Sax ] to feize or lay hold upon ; to occupy, or croud. " 1 he generous and gravclt citizens have " hcnt the gates." Shak. HEPA'fiC, or HEPA'TICAL, Adj. \_hepc:t]qiie, Fr, hcfatkus, Lat.] belonging to, or fituated in the liver. HE'PTAGON, S. [eftag<re,Vr. o£ s'nla, and yavM, Gr. j a figure with fcven fides or angles. HE'PTARCHY, S. \heptarchic, Fr.J a governme.Tt in which fcven perfi>ns rule in- dependent of eacJi other. - HE'RALD, S. [k rant, Fr. hvaldo, Span.J on officer who regifttrs genealogies, adjufts and paints coat armour, regulates funerals, aivd is employed in proclaiming peace and r. \ iguratively, a forerunner, omen, or token of fomelhing future. 1 o EIE'RALD, V. A. to introduce. " To " herald thbeinto his fight." Hhak. Not ia ufe. HE'RALDRY, S. {heraldiciue, Fr.] the bufinels or profcllioti of an herald ; the fci- ence of bh.zonry, or paintiftg and defciibing coat armour, pedigrees, i^c. HERB, S. \hcrte, Fr. herha, Lat.] in Bo- tany a plant whoie llalks are foft, and have notiiing woody in them ; as grafs or Jiem- ock. In Cookciy, a plant v\hofe leaves are chiefly ufed, as fage or mint. HERBA'CJEOLiS, Adj. belonging to, or having the proper;ies ot herbs. " An kcrba- " ceous plant.'' Bfuwn. Feeding on vege- tables. UE'RBAGE, S. [/jcr^^^-f,' Fr. ] a collec- tive or general term applied to feveral forts of herbs ; grafs, or padure. In Law, the tythe and right ot paltuie. HK'RBATv, S. a book containing the names and delcriptions of plants. ilL'RSALlST,S.a per/on IkillcdinpLints. K k HE'R- HER St. Magdalen, anJ St. Catherine, the one over the other. The city is g<.vcrncd by a major, \vlio returns two members to parlia- ment. It lias particular privijeoes for its fe- veial companies,who have diflin£\ halls. The aflTzes, Cf,-. are holden heie. It has an hof- pitdl liberally endowed, for twelve poor per- ibns i with two charity fchools ; one for fixty bovs, and ihe oihcr for foity girls; all tauglit and cloaihed by fubfcription. Its weekly markets are on Wednefday, Friday, and Sa- turday ; and its annual fairs are Tuefday after Candlemas- day, (February 2) for horn- ed cattle, hoifes, and hops ; Wednefday in Eofler-vveek, for horned cattle and hoifes; May 19, a pleafure fair, and f(ir toys; July I, for horned cattle and wool; ()(nol)er 2C, for horned cattle, clieefe, and Welch butter. HF.'REFORDSHIRF:, a county of Eng- land, bounded ow the E by GloiicelKrlliire, on the S. by ]\Ienmouth(hire, on the W. by B.ecknocklhire and Raiinorfnire, and on the N. by WorceRerlhirc and ShroplTiire. It is nearly ciicuhr, conta;ni;ig thirty-five miles from N. to S. thirty from E. to W. In it arc one city, eight market towns, 176 pa- lillies, two forcds, eight parks, about 95,6.0 inhabitants, and fends two membcis to par- I'amcnt for the county, with two each for Hereford, LenipQer, and Wcobly. The air here is generally reckoned good ; and to fl:ew how heal.hy and long lived the inhabitants are, fcrjcant Hofkins, at a progicfs of king James I. into thcfe parts, piocurtd'ien old men and women to dance the maurice before him, whofe ages put together made above a tboufand And in this conntry the pleafant- nefs and the falubrity of the trac^, particu- larly betueen the Severn and "^Vye, have be- come proverbial. The foil of this country is very fruitful. It abounds in good corn and palluie, wiih w^ool, water, and wood. The bread and wool of Lempder are equally fa- mous ; alfi) the wool of Wigmorc and the G'oldenvaleou the Duffrin-dore, is as fine as any in England, that of the South-downs not excepted Cyder, which is the ccmmoii diink of the country, is both good and cheap, having been reckoned the bell in Englind, till the rough has been preferred lo the foft, firce vvhich theSoutham cyder of Devonlhire cartiei it. HE'RF.INT, Adv. in this ; in this cafe, ft life, or refp' (fl HERKMi' TICAL, Adj. folitary ; fuica- ble to an hermit. HE'REiY, S, {haejc, Fr. /.-are/Is, Lat.] ai^is-ij, Cr. J ufed in a good ftnfe, it implies a ft(fl or collc(!lion of peifi)ns lidding the Lme opinion. In tjiis knfe it is uied m the oiiginji, Affs xxvt. 5. In a bad feiife, ic implies a fert or number of pcrfons feper:.ting from, and oppofiug to the opinion of, the ca- thi.lie eliurch, and as I'uch culpable; in this rjofcJ with ilone, coniilting of two chaptls, 1 ftnfc it is ufcd by 5t. Paul, Gal. v. 10. and I I Cor. HER HE'RBARIST, S. one (killed in herbs. HK.'R|.5ELET. S a fm.ill herb. "Thcfe «' Icrhekts:'' Slak. HfC'RCOUS, Adi. abounding in herbs HL'RBWOMAN, S. a woman who fells herbs. HE'RBY, Adj. partaking of the nature of herbs. " Herhy fubflance." Biicon. HERD. S. I heard, herd. Sax. \ a number or multitude of btafls, generally applied to Slack cattle ; jiocks being applied to fheep. To HERD, V.N. to gather together in multitudes, or companies, applied both to men and beafts ; to allbciate, or mix in any company, HE'RDMAN, or HE'RDSMAM, S. one employed in tending a number of cattle. HERE, Adv [her, hare. Sax. hicr, Belg.] the place where a pe; fon is prefent. This place, appHed to fituation. The prefent flate, oppoftd to a future one. Joined with there, it implies in no certain place. " 'Tis nei- *' ther here nor there." Shah. HE'RE^ BOLTS, Adv. near this place. HE'REAFTER, Adv. after the prefent time. Ufed fubftantively, for a future ftate. " Points out an hereafter.'''' Add'tf. HE'REAT, Adv." at this. HfL'REBY, Adv. by this; by this means. HERE'DITABLK, Adj. [hctres, hceredh, Lat.] that which may beewjoyed by right of inheritance. HERE'DITAMENT, S. \hierediun,,'LAt..'\ in Law, an inheritance, or eftate defcending by inheritance. HERE'DITARILY, Adv. by inheritance. HERK.'DITARY,, Adj. [Lered'itcnre, Fr. h'ipr'ditar'r.is, Lat. j poffelFcd or claimed by right of inheritance; defcending byinhcti- ranee. Hereditary difiafa atcAuch as children derive fiom their parents. • -HK'RfcFORD, [/. e. in Saxon, the Ford of tie »-»/v," as being the head-quarters of the S'.xons before the conquell, and of tiie Eng- lifh after] the mttropolis and only city of the Ihireof its name; tliough large, it is not po pulous, is an antique plac*,and lies low, on the lianks of tire VVyc, which fometimes over- flows the flrcet.s (o thut they are very dirty. Its flourit'hing (Lite it originally owed to the martyrdon of Ethelbert, king of the Fail Angles, who was bafcly murdered by king C'iui, and had a church built here to his me- mory, foon aftererc<rted into an rpifcopal fee, and held in high veneration by the Weft Saxons and Mercim kings. This is a (lately fabric, the fpire handlbme, but not high ; with a fine tower at the weft end of it. I he choir, though plain, is neat; and it has a very good organ Here are great numlx-rs of montiments of biihops, &e. The chuptcr- huuie, which wx". veiy beautiful, was dedroy- cd in the civil «ais. Bituci-n the calhedrjl and tlie p:ilace is a venerable pile, built and HER 1 Ce/-. xi/iQ. and by St. Peter, 2 Efh. ii. i. HE'RETIC, S. [herctique, Ir. alPiTiXv?, Gr] one who propagates Ins private opinion, in oppofition to th-it of the chuich. KKRE'TICaL, Adj. containing herefy ; erroneous. HERK'TICALT.Y, Adv. after the man- ner of an heretic ; with herefy j contrary to the tiue icnfc of the Scriptures. HF/RETO, Adv. to this ; add to this, HE'RETOFORE, Adv. before the pre- fcnttime; forrtierl-'. HE'REUNTO, Adv. to this, HE/RE WITH, Adv. with this. HE'REOF, Adv. from hence ; from this; of tliis HK'RIOT, S. [hcregild. Sax.] in Law, a fine paid to the loid at the death of a land- holder, generally the heft thing in the poflcl- fion of the land-holder. HE'RITAKLE, Adj. [of /f^<-«, Lat.] in LavM, that uhicli may he inherited HE'RITAGE, S. [Fr.] an inheritance; an eftate defcending by right of inheritance ; an eitate. In Divinity, the peculiar or cho- fen people of the Deity. " They affliit thy '• baitage.'" Pfal. xciv. <;. HFRMA'PHRODITE, S.[Fr. from epaw?, Or. Mercury, and a^jpoJ'iTii, Gr. VenusJ an animal in which hoth lexes are united. HERMA'FIlRODniCAL, Adj. partak- ing of both fexes. HERM'-'TIC, or HERME'TICAL, [her. fKirijue, Fr.j chymical. JiLRME'TlCALLY, Ad^, in & chemical manner, or for the purpofes of chemiftry. A glaii. or vcHc! bcrmctkary feakd, is that which has its mouth or neck cl')fed m fuch a man- ner, that even the moft fuutile fpirit cannot tranfpire. Ilh'RiMlT, S. a perfon who lives in a de- ftrt, or at a diftance trom focicty, for the Tike of contemplation or devotion. IIER'i\UTAGE,S, the cell, cot, or dwel- l:iii» of a hermit, HF.R'MinCAL; Adj. like a hermit; f.iitatde to a hermit. ilE'KMOOACFYL, S. \ L-nnoJaaylus. Lat.] in Botany, the fnake's liead, his. Ir hath a lily-fhaped flower, conlifting of one leaf, and fhaped exaclly like an his, but has a tuberous root, divided into two or three dugs, like oblong bulbs. JIERN, S. contracted from Ihiaii, which fc-f. HE'RNIA, S. [Lat.] in Medicine, any kind of rupture. HE'RO, S.a man eminent for bravery ; V psrfon of diftinguiflied merit, abilities, or xjitucs; the chief perfon in an epic poem, or >n a piece of hiftory paiining. HEROIC, or HERO'ICAL, Adj. like an hero, performed under jjreat dif.idvan- tJgcs, and ar<'uin<> rcmoikabie couijijc and .'sbiluus. H E T HER ore ALLY, Adv. like an herd. HE'ROINE, S. [Fr.] a female of extra- ordinary virtues and bravery ; a female whd is the chief perfonage in an epic poem, or itl a picCe of hiftory paintintr. HE:10'I^>M, S. [Fr.fthe qualities of ari hero, retrained fometimes to cour.ige or in- trepidity. " The Iliad abounds vxith more: " heroijm, this with more morality," Brocm^S Notes on the Odyfl." HE'RON, Si [Fr.l a bird with long fleri- der legs that feeds on SlTi. Now commonljp pronounced and written bern. " Let them " oti high the frighted hem I'urvey." Gjy. FIE'P. PES, S. [Gr. and Lat. fiom if'^n, Gr. to creep] a cutaneous heat or inflam.ma- tion, divided into the lerfes miiiaris, which appear^ like millet feed upon thefl^in, and the I.erfes extders, moie corrofive, attended with ruddy itching puftules, which in time ulci-* rate the parts. HE'RRING, S. \berir.e. Sax. harang, Fr.] a fmall fdlt-water fi'h, coming in incredible ihoals from Shetland, fi'om thence to Scot- land, and fo gradually round our illand. A ivkhe herring is that which is fdted and pickled ; a red herring, that which is falteJ and dried in fmoke. HERSE, S. [See Hearfe] in Fortification, a hittiie or portcullis in form of a harrow^ befet with hon fpikes, ufually hung by a rope, to be cut down in cafe of a fuiprife, cr when the firfl gate is broken with a petard, that it may fall and Hop up the paflage. To HERSE, V. A. to put into a herfe. HE'RSELF, the female perfonal pronourl, whereby a w oman is fpoken of as diftini;inlll- ed from others of her fex : this is ufed aftei^ the norms and verbs. HF/-.ITAN'CY, S. \hefuans, Lat.] a paufd from fpt-aking or ading, arifing from an im- pediment of ipeech, doubt, or want of refo- lution. To HE'S I TATE, V. N. \hef.fo, Lat. kcjitcr, Fr.] to paufe, or ceafe from adiion or fpeaking for want of refolu-ion ; to delay; to be in doubt; to make a difficuhv. HESITA'TION. S. a paufe or delaV, ariA ing from doubt or fufpieioii j a fcrupie 5 an intermilTion of fpeeeh, owing to ibm.e natu- ral impediment. HEST, S. {hcefe, Si\.] the command, pre-* cept, law, or order of a fuperior. " Refuf- " ing her grand htjis." i>hak. Ufed only itl poetrv. HETERO'CLITE. S. {heteroditim, Lat ] a n-^un wliich varies from the common forms of declenfion by redundancy, defeifl, orother- wife. Figuratively, any perfon or tiling devi- ating from the common rule and llandard. HETEROCLFriCAL, Adj. deviating from the common rule. " Sins /jetircclitua/.'* Bruivn. HE'TERODOX, Adj. [of£7£.-of and Je*a, K k 7, ■ Gr.j H I B Gr.] contrary to the elhbliflieJ opinion, op- pofi.'d to orthodox. Hd'TtR.ODOXY. S. a peculiar opinion , an opinion difTcring from the generahty oi' mankind. HETEROGE'MEAL, Adj. of a different nature, kii,u, orqu.hty. K£TER.OGE.VE'IT\', S. \hctcrozenche', Fr. See Heterogen-ous] oppofition oi nature j contruHetv or differeace of qualities. HETtROGE'NEOUS, Adj. i the^inthii word, and all its derivates, is founded foft] of a different kind : contrary, difliinilar, or different in properties or nature. HETERO'SCIANS, S. [ete^^?, and <r/»s, Gr.] in Geography, thofe whole ihadows, at noon-day, are always projected or directed the fame way ; fuch are thofe who live in the tem- perate zones, the (hadows of thofe of the northern tropic falling always north. In its primary fenfe, it denotes thofe inhabitants ot t-T- e;iith who have their Ihadows projected d'ffcrent ways from each other : in this fenfe, w.-, wlio inhabit the north temper .te zone, are hitcrojilam to thofe who inhabit the fouth temperate zone. To HEW, V. A. [keaiuian. Sax.] to cut by force witli an edged inflrumcnt \ to hack i to chop ; to fell, form, or (hape with an axe. HE'WER, S. one who cuts wood or (tone. A carver, in facred writ. HE'XAGON, S. [Lcxagr.ne, Fr.] a figure containing (ix fides or angles. HEXA'GONAL, Adj. confiffing of, or having fix fides or corners. HEX A'GONY, S. a figure confifting of fix fides See Hexagon. " I reid in St. Ambrole " of hexigonie:." Brcuf!. HEXA'METER, S. a verfe containing fix feet. , HEXA'HGULAR, Adj. having fix angles or corners. HE'XAPOD, S. an animal having fix feet. *' That fort of bexafcds are eaten." Ray. HEXA'STJCH, S. a poem confifting of fix lines or verfe HEY, Interj. [from highl a word ufed to to frighten or Ihock H I E I.-,nging to the winter. " In Its hibernal con- '• verfion " Brjivn. HIBE'RNIAN, Adj. [hllernia, Lat.] be- longing to Ireland. Ufed fubflantively, for a native or inhabitant of Ireland. HI'CCIUS-DOCTIUS, S [corrupted from htc ejl Docl:'.s, Lat. /'. e. this, or here is the learned man] a cant word for a juggler,or one that pretends to conjuring ; the art of dexte- rity of hand. Figuratively, one that plays fait and loofe. H'CCOLGH, S. [houquet, Fr.J a convul- five, interrupted, :!nd uneafy motion of the di- aphragm, and pans adjacent, made in drawing in our breath, whereby the mufcle retiring im- petuoully downwards, impels the other parts beneath it, and is accompanied wi;h a ibno- rous expulfion of the air through the moutli. To HI'CCOL GH, V. N. to fob or make a noifc from a convulfive or fpafmodic con- cuffion of the di tphragm. To FII'CCLP, V. N. [a corruption of ^^iV- cs;,gh^ to make a noife from a convulhon of the diaphragm. " When I am in a fit lo h'tc- " cup." Hudib. Hl'CKW.ALL,orHrCK\VAY, S. a bird. To HIDE, V. A. [preter fid, part paff. hid, or adder., ot' heidan, .Sax.] to conceal, or withdraw from a perfon's fight or knowledge. HIDE and SEEK, S a play among chil- dren, in which one hidej himfelf, and another fceks after, or endeavours to find him. HIDE, S. [/ryd. hyde, Sax.] the flcin of any brute, either raw or drellcd ; the human (kin, io called when coarfe, or in contempt. HI'DEBOUND, Adj. in Farriery, applied to a horfc when his iTvin (licks fo hard to his ribs and back, that it cannot be pulled or lool- ened. In Botany, applied to trees, when ihc bark will not give way to the growth j harfii ; referved , untra(fiaLlc. " fhe har(herandAf<^lr- ' bounder — the dam f<.Is prove." ii'a^;^. Figu- ratively, niggardly; penurius; parfimonious. HIDE'OUS, Adj. [Lldeux, Fr.] affecting with terror, fear, or horror ; (hocking. KIDE'OUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as exprefs fudden or mutual encouragement HE'Y-HO, Inlerj. SeeHeigh-bo. HE'Y-DAY, Interj. ' for cigh-day] an ex- preffion of frolic, joy, and fometimes of fur- prize and wonder. HIA'riON, S. [iwf-vi, of «5, Lat.] the aft of gaping. " Obferving the continual b:- " ation.'^ Brcn'Ti. Seldom uied. HIA'TUS, S. [Lat. of/io, L^t.] an aper- ture or breach; the opening of the mouth by pronounci g one word ending, and another beginning, v/ith a vowel. In Grammar, a fault in compofing, arifingfrom the ufingtwo words together, the former of which ends, and the latter bej^ir.s, wiih a vowel. In Ma- nulcripts, a gap or AdcO. in the copy by time or accident. HIBE'RNAL, Adj. Ihibemui, Lat.J be- HIDE'OUSNESS, S. that quality which renders a perfon or thing an obje<ft of terror. HI'DEK, S. the perfon that conceals him- felf, or withdraws from fight. To HIE, V. N. [higan. Sax.] to haftcn, or to go in hade. Formerly it was ufed wiili the reciprocal pronouns Limfelf, C^c. but is now fcarce ever ufed, unlcfs in poetry. HI'ERARCH,S thechicfof a facred order. HIERA'RCHICAL, Adj. [Herarchiytie, Fr ] belonging to the fpiritual order, or to ecclefiadical government. HIER.A'RCHY, S. [hkrarcbie, Fr. See Bi- crach] in Divinity, ficred government, or the order and fnbordinatioti among the feveral ranks of ani;els, an ecclef:a(tical L(labli(hmcnt. HIEROGLY'PH, or HIEROGLY'PHIC, S. [bUrog/y^be, Fr. of iBjio;, facred, and y'>^v- <?■■•'» H I G <pa). Gr. to engrave or carve, bccaufe original- ly carved on walls or obelifks] :in emblem, or piiflurcf^jue reprofcnliiion of fometliing. 1 his being the fiill mrthod of writing, was gene- rally underllood by every one i but when cha- raiflers were introduced in (lead ofpi<finres, the meaning of hieroglyphics became at length unintelligible, and thence gave rife to idola- try. Being made uft of by the Egyptian prieftf to keep the myderies of their religion from the knowledgeof the vulgar, they ue.e thence Called hieroglyfLics, or facred characfters. HI'EROPHANT, S. [i/p-favTE?, Gr.] one who teaches the rules of reli. ion. " Heathea- " i(h prieds, and hlerofhantsy Brcivn. To HI'GGLE, V N. fof uncertain ety- mology, perhaps corrupted from haggle] to beat down the price of a thing in a !)argain j to be long in agreeing on the price of a com- modity; to fell provifions from door to door : this, according to Johnfon, fecms to be the original meaning. HI'GGLEDY-r'I'GGLEDy,Adv.[acant word, corrupted from higgle^ higglers carrying a huddle, or confufed medley of provifions together] In a confufed or diforderly manner. HI'GGLER, S. one who fells provifions by retail from door to door ; one who buys fowls, butter, eggs, &c. in the country, and brings them to town to fell. HIGH, Adj. [/jf,!/j, Sax.] long upwards, or the diftance of the top of a thing from tlie ground. " The monument is 202 feet high. " The tower of St. Paul's, before it was con- *' fumed by fire, was 528 feet high, exchifive " of a pole of copper, whereon was a crofs : 5 " ©ne-half feetZig-i&." Elevated in place; raif- ed above the earth, applied to the mind. Ex- alted, applied to rank, condition, or nature Rifined o*- fublime, applied to thoughts or lentiments. High blood, noble ; above the vulgar. Violent, loud, or tempeduous, ap- plied to wind. Ungovernable, turbulent, ap- plied to the paflions. Joined withnV.Y, com- plete, full, proper, cr almoft elapfed. Strong, Jiot, warm with fpices, applied to food. Re- ceding from the equator, or towards the pole, applied to latitude. Capital, oppofcd to little or petty, as '* high treafon." Dear, or cofting much, applied to price High-, when ufed in compofition, has a great variety of meanings, but generally includes the idea of a gre^it de- gree of any quality. From high, from above ; from a fuperior region ; from heaven. On high, aloft; above; into fuperior regions; into heaven. HI'GH-BLEST, Adj. fupremely happy, "Gob high-bkjir Par. Left. HI'GK-BLOWN, Adj. puffed up excef- fively. " High-llonun pride." Shnk. HI'GH-BORN, Adj. of a race faperior to the vulgar ; of noble extra(f^ion. HI'GH-BUILT, Adj. of a lofty flrnc^nre; of great length upwards j covered with lofty buildines, ^ i F^ I L HI'GH-COLOURED, Adj. haviijga deep or glaring colour _ HI'GH-DESIGNrNG, Adj. forming at fGhemcs or plans. " His high dejlgmvg " thoughts " Dryd. HI'GH-FED, Adj. pampered, or living on luxurious diet. HI'GH fLIER, S. one that carries his opinions to extravagance. HI'GH-FLOWN, Adj. elevated; prouc', *■'■ Higb-jloiun hopes.'" Dcnh. Turgid ; ex- travagant. " A kigh-fciun hyperbole." V Ej- trarv. HIGH-FLYING, Part, extravagant in claimsoropinions. '■^W^h-fym^r \S\n<^^" Cyd HI'GK-HEAPED,^dj. covered with large heaps ; or rifmg in great heaps. HI'GH-METTLED, Adj. proud; not eafily governed, or provoked with relraint. HIGHLAND, S. a place abounding in mountains. HI'GHLANDER, S. one who inhabits the mountains ; generally applied to the Scotch who inhabit the mountains in the north and wcfl-. HI'GHLY, Adv. lofty, applied to place or fituation. In a great degree ; in a proud, arrogant, or ambitious manner. HI'GH-MINDED, Adj. proud orarroganf. HI'GIIMOST, Adj. (an irregular word] hlgheft; higher in firuation than another. HI'GHNESS, S. loftii.efs or diltance from the furface of the earth ; a ti'ile given to prin- ces, formerly to king^. Dignity of nature j fupremacy. Ferfeftiorr too great to be com- prehended, applied to the Diety. HI'GH-RED, Adj. of a deeep red. HI'GH- SEASONED, Adj. warm with fpices. HI'GH-STOMACHED, Adj. obdinate ; eafily provoked ; proud. HI'GH-TASTED, Adj fcafoned with hot fpices. HI'GH-VICED, Adj. exceedingly wicked. " Some ^/V-?)-r;V^(^ city," Shah. HI GH- WATER, S. the iumoft flow, the greateft fwell, or that ftate of the tide when it ccafes to flow up. HI GHWAY, S. a great or public road. HfGH W.A YMAN, a perfon who robs on horfeback on the public roads. HI'GH- WROUGHT, Adj. finifhed to great perfe(flion with great pains and labour. HT'GLAPER, S. an herb HILA'RirY, r/j,7tf/7Mj, Lat.] gaiety or miith. " Averroes redraineth his /;/«/;y." Broivn. ' HI'LARY, Adj. rfrom TUhrws, a Roml/h faint] a term which begins on January, fo called from the fealt of St, Hilarius, celebrat- ed about that time. HILDING, S. a contemptible, cowardly fellow. " 7 his idle ray, this hi Jdirg." Shak, A mean or wonhlefi woman. < Hailots and " hi/dings.'" ShaA, iik 3 HILL, H I N H I S HILL, S.[hh7e, Sax./;;/, Belg.] an cmi- er may be enabled to trace out (iimesViing ncncc or lieap of carlh lefs than a mountain. HI'LLOCK, S. a liitle hill, III'LLY, Adj. full of hills HI LT, S. I l.i.h, he':, of healdan. Sax.] the handle of anv inllrument, but peculiarly ap- plied lo that uf a fword. HIM, Pion the oblii^ne Cifc of he, from h'nn. Sax. the dative and aliLtive of he. Hhn 9nd hh, though now onlv applied to males, were formerly ufed as a neuter. HIMSELF, Pron. [byffylfcs, Sax.] in the nominative of the fjmc fignification as ke, only more emphatical, and to diftinguifh the peifon it is applied to from any other. Among ancient authors it is ufcd inflead of itfelf " >\s high as heaven hlrrfcif.'''' Shak. In tlie ohlioiie Cdfis it has a recprocal (i^ni- fication, ;tnd forretimes not. HIN, S. [Ktb.] a Hebrew mcafure, con-, tainin;' one gitllon and two pints. HiND, Adj. [compar.ifc/K(/tT, fuperlat.,^;W- tncjl ; k'ird.2, kir.dav. Sax. i that which is be- hind another, or backward, oppofcd to fore. HIND, S. fZ^W, Sax.] the female of a hart, (Ij'S or red deer : the rvlf year (lie is called a ciz.if, the ftcond 2iheaije, fometimes a brocket' ijijii-r, and ihc third a llnd. A fervant, from k-.y.c. Sax HrNDEERRIES, S. a fruit, likewifc named lai'hhcrria. To Hi'KDER, V. A \ki::driav, Sax.j to prevent ; to delay 5 to flop, or impede, HrNrL\'LR, Adj. [thecoriiparativeof /tiWj that wliich is placed bickwards, or in a pofi- tion contrary to that of the f:;ce. HrKDF.RANCE. S. an obflr-jftion or Impediment ; any thing wliich prevents a pevfon from proccedirg in what he has be- gun, or from accomplilhing what he intends. HI'Ni. F/R ER, S. any peifon or th.ing that prevents or flops any undertaking, or rctatdi it by difficulties. HI'NDERMOST, Adj. [the fuperlative of hh:d; l.lrJn-.oJ} is the molf properj the laft in order, or farthed off in fituation. Hl'NDMOST, Adj. [the proper fuperla- tive of /'/>(/] thelafl in o.der, the fartheO off in fituation. HINGE, S. a kind of joint made of iron or which we do not mention. To allude to j to touch (lightly upon. HINT, S. a faint notice given ; a remote al- lufion ; an inlinuation by which an he.ircr may come to the knowledge of a thing not exprtfsly mentioned ; a fuggcflion ; an intimation. HIP, S. \hi}.-e, hipf-e, '^ax.j the joint or f^Tfliy part of the thigh. In liotany, the f'. nit of the brijr or dogrofc, from h'Opa, Sax. lu Medicine, a contraction of hypochoncriac. To HIP, V. A. to fprain or (hoot the hip. " His horfe was iit-fd.'"'' Hhak. HIP-HOP, a cant word ufeJ to exprefs the motion of a perfon who has fpraintd his leg or foot, and is foi-mcd from a corrupt r-pctition of hop. " Like Volfcius hip-hop " in Tingle boots." Ccr.gr. HIP, Inicij. a word ufed in calling to a peifoTi in oder to Hop him, or bring him to- wards one H r P P T S H, Adj . See Hypochondriac. HI'PPOCENi AUR, S.' [from ^n-n-.; and xiv'iaijp}';, Gr. ] a fjbulous monfler, half a horfe and half a man. HI'PPOCRASS, S. [hypncras, Fr.] -i me- dicated v\ine. " SacK, and the w'cll fpiccd " hippocrafs.'" K'nig. HlP'POCRATLS's SLEEVE, S. a wool- len big m;;de in the form of a pyramid, by joining the two oppofiie corners of a fijuare piece of flannel together : ufcd in liraining of fyrnps, wines, &c. ' HIPPOGRIFF, S. [itttt:?, yfv'^, Gr. hip- pogrifi'c, Fr. ! a winged horfe. H'iPPO'TAMUb, S [iTTTTo-, and wsra- ,cccc, Gr.j the river hcrfc ; an animal found m the Nile. Hl'l'SHOT, Adj. having the hip fpraincd or out of joint. HIPWORT, S. a plant. To HIRE, V. A, [hyran, hyrlan. Sax. inc- rcrt, Helg.J to procure a thing, for a certain rime, at a price agreed on ; to engage a perfon 10 work a certain time, or do a particular ftr- vice for a fum of money. Figuratively, to bribe, or prevail on a'perfun to do a thing for the fake of money which he wonld not otlier'vife. HIRE, S. money paid tori he ufe of a thing. /Other metal, which moves on a pivot, and or wages paid a perfon for iabouroratlcndance faflens two pieces cf board togetl.tr, fo as H1'REL]NG,S one who works for wages, they may play backwards and forw:.tds with- I In Scripture, a mercenary perfon, or one who out being fc|Mrdted : doors are, by means of has no other legard for him whom he fcrvcs. this n-.cclunifm, hung fo as to open and Ihut. figuratively, the caidinal points. teeCjrd:- val. A g.iveming rule or principle To I c off :ke hir.gis, a phr.ife fjgnitying to be in a rtatc of irregnhri'y or diforder. To HiMGE, V. A. tofiirnifh with, or hang vpon hmgi';. Figuratively, to bend like an hinge. ^'- I'irge X.\\-<j knee." Shak. To HjINT, V. A. [Lentati, Sax.] to bring to mind by (light mention ; to mention im- pcrfcdly ; to drop a word by which the hiar- or the thinjiS he is intruded, with, but a mere profpc(ft of lucre. Sen yrhn x. iz. A woman wh'.i turns prollitnte for lucre. HIRELING, Adj-. frrviig for hire, mer- cenary, or a,:li:igm.errly for the fake of lucre. HI'l-lER, S. one who pays money for the ult f .1 thing, or engages the ftrvice of ano- tli'-".', by ptomifinghim wages for his labour. IIIRSU'TE, Adj. [Lhjutus, Lat ] rough ov > uggcd. Hli, Pion. pofl; [hys, gen, of >ifs,Sax.] th s word ' II I T word is maffiiline, and (hews tliat a tiling lie- longs totl'.c ptiToii mentioned liefore, and was formerly ufcJ in a neutral fenfe infteuJ of its. ■J o HISS, V. N. [Npr:, Belg.J to make a noife by fhutting the teeth, appl\ inutile tongue to them, and hreatliing thro' them, re'em- trling the m.ife of a lerpent ; to ule with the higlieil degree of contempt ; to explode^ or condemn a performance. HISS, S. a noife made by breathing thro' the teeth when (hul ; a noiie made by a fer- pent and fome other animals ; cenfure, or an cxpreflion of contempt and difapprobation, Jhewn by hi/Ting. HIST, Int. a word ufed to command filence. HI'STORIAN, S {/::f:o kn, Fr. f.ifiorku!. Lat.J one vviio gives an account of fafts and events. HlsrO'RIC, or HISTO'RIC'XL, Adj. containing or giving an account of fadls or events; fuitahlc and belonging to hiftory. HlSrO'RlCALLY, Adv." in the manner of hiflory j by way of narrative. '1 o HISTO'RIFY, V. A. to relate or re- cord in hiftory. HIS rORIO'GRAPHER, a profcflcd hif- torian, or writer of hiltory. HISTORIOGRAPHY, S. the art or em- ployment of a hiitorian. HI'STORY, S. [irojw, Gr. hiftoria, Lat. kijiouc, Fr ] a narration, or defcription of the feveral iranfaftionSjadlions or events of a (late, king, or private perfon, delivered in tlie order in which they happened ; a narration or rela- tion. Natural IVijiory is a defeription of the produttions of natuie, whether plants, ani- mals, vegetables, rivers, &c. HlSTRIO'NIC,orHISrRI0'NICAL,Adj. \hifino, l.at. hifirkn, Fr.J befitting the flage ; luirable to a pl.jyer; belonging to the theatre j becoming a buffoon. HIS'JRIO'NICALLY, Adv. after the manner of a player, mimic, or bufibon. To HIT, . A. [Litten, Belg.J to flrike with a blow ; to touch a mark aimed at by a perfon at a di(tanct ; to attain ; to rea;h a point ; to flrikc a ruling paflion ; to mention a peifon's peculiar foible, ufed with off. To ^.etermiue precifely ; to pitch upon without labour. To clalh, applied to two things which are made to touch eacli o her. HIT, S. a (hoke; a lucky chance ; fuccefs owing to meer accident 5 or a dilcovcry made by cliance. To HITCH, V. N. [h:cgj,i, Sax. bochcr, Fr.] to be catched as upon a hook ; to move by jerks ; to Itrike one ankle againft another i.i walking, Hl'TCHEL, S. \kechel, Teut.] theinflru- ment with which flax is beaten and combed. See llatchel. To fU'TCHRL, V. A. [See Ilatcbel] to beat or comb flax or hemp. HITHE, S. [hythe. Sax.] a fmall port, ha- ven. 01 whaif for hading goods j henctQucen- II O B Mthe,Lnmh-hithe,now corrupted toLambeth. HPTHKR, Adv. [bidor. Sax. J to this place, including motion from fome other : ufed in oppofition to tHrh-r. Hither and thi' ther, from thi? place to that. Toihiscnd, dc- fign, or argument ; in this fenfe. HI'THEaMOSr. Adj. (fuperbtiveof/../- thcr] nearelt to us ; nearcft on this fide. Hl'THFRTO, Adv. to this time; yet j not till this time; at every tiroe till theprefent. HI'rHKR\VARD,orHI'rHER\VARDS, Adv. [hitheriueurd. Sax. J this way; towards this place. HIVE, S. [byfe, of hh-^n. Sax.] a fmall convenient houfe or lodging for bees, wherein they live and form their eel's. Figuratively, the bees which are contained in a hive ; a company. To HIVE, V. A. to put into hives. Figu- ratively, t» contain as in a hive. HrVfcR,S one who covers bees with hives. HO, or HO' .A, Inteij. [ebu, Lat.] a word ufed to give notice of approach ; or to fix the attention of a perfon at a dillance. HOAR, Adj. [bar, Sax ] white ; white with froft or age. HOARD, S. [hoi-d^ Sj.^.j money, or any thing elfe laid up in fecret ; a hidden heap or Hock '1 o HOARD, V. A. to lay up (lore; to lay up money in iieapj and in fecret. Neuterly, to inake hoards. HO'ARDER, S. one that heaps up treafure, and bides it. HO'ARHOUND, S. a plant fo called, be- caufe its leaves and flower aie covered with a hoary colour. HO'ARINESS, S. the quality of appearing wliite; whitenefs occafioncd by age. Fi"ura- tivcly, old age. HOARSE, Adj. [bas. Sax. heerfcb, Belg.] having the voice rough with a cold, having A rough found. HO'ARSELY, Adv. fpeaking rough oi harlh w ith a cold ; with a rough harlh voice or found. HO'ARSENESS.S. [hafreffe, Sax.| rough- nefs of voice, peculiarly applied to the harlli- nefs occafioned by a cold. HO'ARY, Adj. [bar, brirwg. Sax.] white, or whitilh ; white or grev with age or frolt. To IIOKBLE, V^n'.\h,;Ui!:r., or hoUcn, Belg.] to walk ia".rely or awkwardly, or with frequent hitches. HO'BBLE, S. a rough or lame motion in walking; an awkward gait. HO'BBLINGLY, Adv. after the manner of a perfon who is lame ; with a halting or av\ kward gait. HO'DBY, S. [haubereaii, Fr.] a fpecies of hr.vk ; a pacing horfe ; a Hick hung with bells, &c. on which children get allride and ride. Fignralivelv, a (lupld fellow. 11 0'BBY- HORSE, S. a (Hck on which children get aihide and tide j a Itupid fellow. K k 4 HOBBY- HOG H0"BBY-H0RSICALLY, Adv. in an odd manner ; ftiipidly ^ acroidin" to a perion's ruling; pafllon or particular foible. HO'BGOBLIN, S. an elf, fpirit, or chief among the goblins. HO'ElT^a fmall mortar from (Ik to eij^ht inche' diameter, mounted on a carriage made gun-fa(hion, and ui'td for annoying an enemy at a dill nee with fmall bombs. HO^V-'ML, S. a nail with a thick, ftrong head, fo called, becaufe ufed in (hoeing a hob- by or little borfe. 'hCBNAI'LED, Adj. covered with hob- ndls. HOCK, S. [hoh, Sax.] the joint between the knee- an:: the fetlock . the fore-end or quarter of a fl'tcb.or the Icfs andbony end of a gam- mon of b^con ; old I'trong beer, wine, <£fc. particularly old ftrcne Rhcnifh wine. To HOCK, V. A. to cut the joint between the knee and fetlock. HO'CK-HF.RB, S. [toc,I:>oce, Sax.] an herb called likewife tnallcws. To HO'CKLE, V. A. to hamftring ; to cut the finevvi near the ham or hock. See Hock. HO'CUS-POCUS, S. a juggle or che?.t. >A cant word ufed by jugglers, praiTlinng dexte- rity of hjnd. -HOD, ^. [hod. Sax.] a kind of trough in which labourers carry mortar on their heads or fiiouldf'TS to bricklayers or m.-.fons. HO'DRIAN, S. a labourer, or one that carries mortar in a hod. HO'DGE-PODGE, S. [of icr^f'/o.-A/. Fr.] a medley, or odd mixture of ingrtJients hud- dled cr boiled together, HOE, S. [ha'f, Fr. h^u-ive, Belg.] an in- ftrument ufed in cutting or fcraping up the earth. To HOE, V A. to cutearih with a hoe ; to weed with a hoe ; to fcrape earth over the roots of plants by meinsof a hoe. HOG, S. a ge.neral name for a faine, pe- culiarly applied to acafhated boar. Figura- tively, a brutllli, felfidi, or greedy perfon. lo hrhigom's hcg! :oa f'ir trarket, i.iiplii.s to be difappointed, or to take a great deal of pains for nothing. HO'G-COTE, S. f from keg and cot. Sax.] a houfe for hogs ; a hog fty. " Out of a *' {m7s\\ho^-cote." AJortlmcr. HO'GHERD, S one th^t keeps hogs. HO'GGISH, Adj. having the qualities of a hog; brutilh ; greedy: fclfifn. HOGGISHNESS, S. the quality in which a perfon refcmbles a hogj fclfifhnefs ; grce- dinefs or brutifhnefs. HO'GSFKNNEL, S. a plant. HO'GSHEAD, S. [from ockfrcod^orogfkood, Pelg.] a mcafure of liquids containing fixty- three gallons ; a vefTcl or co/k containing fix- ty-three gallons ; any large cafk. HO'GSTY, S. the place in which fwine are confined. H O L HO'GWASH, S, the drafT or Uquor given to fwine. KOI'DEN, S. {hoedcn, Brit.] a romping, awkward, ignorant^ and wanton girl. To HO' I DEN, V. N. to romp indecently i to beha^'C with levity and wsntonnefs. To HO'ISE, or HO'IST, V. A. {haujfcr^ Fr.J to lift or raife on high. To HOLD, V. A. [prefer, JmU, part palf. held, or ho/den ; from kaldan, Goth.] Figura- tively, to maintain, fupport, or flick to an o- pinion ; to poHefs or enjoy. To ftop, reftrain, or fufpend, aj.plied either to the tongue or hand. To perfevere or continue in a defign ; to folemnize or celebrate. " He held a feaft." I Sam, XXV. 36. T o afTemble or colltCl toge- ther. " The K\\ieen—-k(,lds her parliament." ^hak. To continue in any ftate ; to retain. To hold foith, in common and low difcourfe, to preach or deHver a difcourfe in public. To exhibit or prefen't to a pcrfon's view. To fl retch foiih, or 'from the body, applied to the arm, or any thing held in the hand. To laft, endure, or remain unbroken. HOLD, at the beginning of a fentence, though it has the appearance of an interjec- tion, is really nothing but the prefent tcnfe of tlic iinperativc mood. HOLD, S the s€i of ftlzing, or keeping a thing fafl in the hand ; a fcizure or grafp; fomething which may afford fupport, vshen feized or held by the hand ; a catch ; or the power of feizing or keeping ; a prifon ; or place of cuftody. All that part that is between the keelfon and the lower deck, applied to a fliip A lurking-place j the lurking-place or den of a wild beaft. HO'LDF.R, S. one who keeps anything in his hand bv fhutting it; a tenant, or one who occupies lands or tenements of another by leafe. HO'LDER-FORT H, S. an hnranguer; one who preaches or fpeaks in public : a word of contempt. KO'LO-FAST, S. anything by which a door is faftened when put clofc ; a catch ; a Iwok. HO'LDING, S. a tenure; a farm. HOLE, S. [hola, Ifl. hole, Sax.J a cavity that is narrow and long ; a den ; a cavity made with a borer ; a rent, or cut in a gar- me;n. Figuratively, a mean dwelling, or houfe ; a fuliterfuge ; a fliift. HO'LILY, Adv. in a pious manner. HO'LINESS, S. when applied to God, that attril'Ute which reprefents him as dilliking and detefling all wickcdncfs. Applied to men, an abfolute abhorrence of all knds of fm, and a conformity to the nature and will of God ; the fiate of being hsllowed, confecrated, or fan(flified ; the title aflumed by the pope. HO LLA, Interj. [hola, Fr. or of halloo] a word ufed in calling to a perfon at a diftance, or out of fight. Ufed fubftantively by MHtoii. " I hear— fome far off bvUa break. " To H O L ToHO'LLA, V. A. [JohnCin fays this word is now vitioiifly wriiien hallo by the bell: autliors ; and lomctimes halloo] to, cry out with a loud voice. " In his ear I'll hallo " Mortimer." Skak, " What halloing and •' what Rir is this ?" Shak. HO'LLAND, S. namely, South-Holland, or finiply HoUard, it one of the feven United Provinces of the Netherlands, but including North-Holland, otherwife denn.ninated Welt Frielland : both aie conmionly in the pub- lic acts called in Latin Holtandia and r,'ejt Vrifia. It has the Germ m ocean or North fea to the W. the Zuyder see to tlie N. the fame lea, the province of L'trechc, and part of Gueklcrland, to the H and is bounded by Dutch Brabant and Zealmd to the S. it lies between lar. 51 deg. 40 min. and 53 deg. 10 min. N. and fiom long. 3 deg. 56 min. to 5 deg. 30. min. E. of London : its extent from N. to S. including the ille ot Texel, being upwards of 100 miles; but of iricgular breadth, and liardly exceeding 30 where broadcll. The foil is low ivta marfby, but by the iiidulhy of its inhabitants, in draining out the waters by means of their mills and ar- tificial canals, the land is made to produce very good pallurc, and fome corn j but ef- pe(i.dl) tlie former, for the food of their vail licrds of kine, from which they make great cjuatities of butter and cheefe, a'mofi: the only produce and (faple, or native co.mmo- dities of their coun'ry. Holland has, how- ever, the molt confiderabie foreign trade cf any province in tlie world, ^o that in refi:.eft to ilrcngth and wealth, it at kail eouals the other fix United Provinces ; having in it, be- fides many other trading places, the cities of Amrterdam, Rotterdarn, tfc. HOLLAND, S. a fine linnen, f» called from its being made in Holland. PIO'LLOW, Adj. [from hole] having the infide or any part fcooped out ■, having a void fpacc within, oppofed to joM. Noify, or like a found made in fome cavity. Figura- tively, hypocritical. HO'LLOW, S. a cavity, or empty fpace ; a concavity J a cavern, or den j a pit, paf- iage, oremptv fpace in the inlide of a thine. To HO'LLOW, V. A. to fcoop furrowl, channels, or cavities in a thing ; to fhout or make a loud noife. " Becaufe I do not hoot " and kollozi}.''^ Addifon. " Comes kolLtuing " from the liable." Pope. So written, by ne- glect of etymology, inftead of holla, fjys Johr,fr,„. ^te. Holla. HO'LLOWLY, Adv. with empty fpaces within ; with channels or vacuities. Figura- tively, with infinccrity. HO'LLOWNESS, S. cavity; the flate of having empty fpaces ; want of fincerity j de- ceit ; treachery. HO'LLY, S. a plant, or tree, whofe leaves are fet about the edges with long, ftjarp, (HfF, jprickies, which bears fmall, round, and fome- H O M times red berries, and is green all the year round. HOLLYHOCK, S. ("commonly (Hied &olyoi:k, from holih'.c, SaK.J a plant named likewife the rofe mallow : it is in every refpedt larger than the common mallow, has rougher leaves, and its flowers adhere c'ofcly to the (talk. It flowers in July. HOLME, S. in Botany, the //fx, or ever- green oak. HO'LOCAUST, S. [from 0X0^ zni y.c^iu,, Gr.] a burnt ficrifice ; a facrificc which was entirely confnnied by fire. HO'LOGRAPH, S. j"cX»jjand;fa^a,, Gr.] in the Scottilli law, applied to a deed writtea entirely by the gr.mttr's hand. HOLSTER, S. \LvlJlcr, Teut.J a cafe for a horlLman's piftol. HOLT, either at the beginning or end of the name of a place, from bolt, Sax. a wood, fignifies, that it is, or has been, a wood ; fomctimcs indeed it may come from hoi, Sax. hollow, efpecially when the name ends in tun or dun. HO'LY, Adj. Ihilig, Sax. hsyr.gb, Belg.] performing every duty of religion, and ab- ftainir^g entirely from fin ; fet apart, confe- crated, or dedicated to divine ufes ; pure or without fpot. HO'LY GHOST, S. [from halig. Sax. holy, and^i^y?. Sax. fpirit] the holy fpirit, or fecond peifon in the adorable Trinity, whofe peculiar office, as diOinguifiied from the Fa- therand Son, is fan(flification andinfpiratron : with refpecl to the manner of his exiilence, he IS faid to proceed from the Father and the Son, and with the Father and Son together is worlhipped His divinity and his peculiar of- fices are pLin!v<iefcribed in Scripture. HO'LY-ROOD-DAY, S. [e^Ji on he thare roc'e, Sax. the fenfl of the invention of the crofs] a fellival obferved by tiie Roman Ca- tholics, in co.Timemoration of the invention of the crols, on the 5d of May, and, in me- mory of its exaltation, on the 14th of Sep- tember. HO'LY-WEEK, S. [ha'gan ivuca, or tvucu. Sax.] the week before Eafter, fo called, becdufe fet apart by the church in a peculiar manner to offices of piety and devotion, as a preparation for the enfuing fellival of Eafier, or the refurre(ftion of Chrifl-. HO'LYDAY, or HO'LIDAY, S, [of kalgan. Sax and dag, Sax.] a day fet apart by the church for commemoration of fome. faint, or fome remarkable particular in the life of Chrift j a day wherein people abflain from work, and entertain themfelves with fealts, fe^f. a day of gaiety and joy. HO'MAGE, S. [hommage, Fr.] the re- verence, refpeft, fubmilTIon, or fealty pro- felii'd and perfwrmed to a fovereign or fiipe- rior ; refptdt or fubmiffioD fhewn by any ex- ternal adfion. HOME, H O M H O N -NESS, y S. [from ^ > ^ kcmogcne' JSN'ESS, J O7{s,ovho- HOMR, S. [ham, ha-m. Sax a pcrfon'si HOMOGE'NEALNESS, own lioule.] ti;;urat!vely, the country in i HOMOGENEITY, which a perfon lives, or the place oK his con- I HOMOGE'NEOUS."' llant relidcnce. Ufcd in conipofition, for ?/-;/|-t».-,(2/j the quality of Laving the fame na- any thing proJuceJ in our own country, o- ture or pinctpies. made wifiiin a ptrfon's own houfe. | HOMOtjE'NIA, S. [of ofj»-ev:a, Gr ] HOME, Adv. to the lioufe vvliTein a per- lik, ncfs ; or fmiencls of nature. {on lives ; to one's cvn country ; fu'ly clofely ; to tlie utrr.oll ; to the purpofe ; lo the point dehontd Joined to a fiibdantive it. implies lotcc, or efficacy " The howc " thrud of a fil.-ndly fword." Dryri. JityMEBORN, Adj. natural ; "domcdic ; cr of one's own country. liO'Mt::REI), Adj. native; natural; bred in a perfoa'sown bread. Figuratively, itidc 5 avtlefs ; uncultivated, or not poliihed hv tr-ivi 1. 'HtyMEFELT, /Adj. internal ; felt with- ia ; in«ard. HO'MtlJLY, Adv. in a rude, rough, or mean mann.r HU'MELINESS, S. pUinnef'; ; rudcntf^ ; cc^arftncfs. H'J'MELY, Adj. plain; coarfe ; rude, or not poliihed by the aflillance or informa- twn of forcij^ntTs. iiO'MELY, Adv. in a plain manner ; cor. iitly. HO'ME-M.'\DE, Adj. made in our own country, oppofld to f^'e':gn. HO'MER, S. I Hcl) ] a meafure among the Ktbievvs, containing fix pints J Baylcy fays, t\'.i.> l>i!fhcis. HO'MESPUV, AJj. fpun or wrought in a private houfe, not by protelled manufiiAurcs. Made in one's own ciAintry, oppofed to fo- re'igti. Figuratively, coarfe ; rude; wanting perieiftion or elegance L'fed fubltantively, iar a coarfe, rude, impolifhed, or ill-bred per- lon. " Wliat h.-mpen hJufJpuni have \vc *' fvvaggeriiig h^ie." ^iak. HO'iVJ.EbTALL, or BO'MESTEAD, S f from Zv?«, Sax andy?.;/. Sax.} a houfe, or place where a houfe flood. •' Both houfe, »•' and hitt^'-j! ea/i \nto iea5 are borne." ihyd. HOMEWARD, or HO'MEWARDS, Aij. towards home ; or towards the houfe uhcrein a perfon conllantlv refides. HO'MICIDE, S. [Fr.' homlidium, Lat. mujfder. ] It is c'ivided into voluntary when connmitied witli malice ; ox casual \\\\t\\ done ty accident. HOMICI'DAL, Adj. murderous; bloody. HO'MILY, S. f/c/wAV, Fr. o-^iXa, Gr.J a plain and popular difcourfe on f >me divine fubjcft ; applied to tiiofe which -were compo fed at thekeformation to be read in churches, in order to fupply both the cafual neccfiary defeat of f ;rmon.=. HOMOGENEAL, or HOMOGENE OUS, Adj [thesis pronounced loft, fiom • xof and j/Ei ?, Gr.] having the fame natuie, ®r priDcipiei, of the fan.c naiuie or kind. 110MO'i,()C;Ol. >, S. [/c».-%,r, Fr. o/^»f and Xi;,o?, Gr having the fame proportion. In E'lgic, applied to things \»hich agree in name, but having a ditfcrcnt nature HO.MO'NYMOUS, Adj [^.t,-, and ovoya, Gr. ] fignifying fcveral things, appli-cd to wo'ds which have fcverai fenfes. HOMO'lONOUS. ^dj. (o/xo;, andrjvc;, Gr. j having tlie fame found. JHOMO'I 0.\ Y, i). [See Uomotcmu%\ fame- ncfs of found. ItONE, S. yiT/rn, han. Sax.] a fine fort of wlietOone, of different colours, ufed for fit- ting an edge on penknives and raiors. To If'/NE, V N. \ 1-017, er /-ona. Sax.] to pine or long for any thing. Seldom ufcd. HO'NEST, Adj. [U,u^e,Fr Jjon,Jius,Lat ] performing every ail of juOice, or fulfilling every obligation and leldtion in which wc ftand as members of fociety. liO'XESTEY, Adv. confluent withjuflicej coniilleiit with our duty. HO'NESTY, S. goodnefs, which makes a perlon prefer tiis proniife or duty to his paf- fion, or intcrell. HO'NIED, Adj. covered with honey. Sweet, flatteiinr, or enticing, applied to words. HCVNEY, .S. [buniy. Sax i a thick, vif- vous iiuid fubftance, of a vvhitilh or ycllowifh colour, fweet to the tafle, foluliic in water, of a fragrdiit fmtU, fecretcd by certain glands near the bottom of the petals of flowers, fucked i>p by ■ the bee, in its probofcis or trunk, fwa. lowed, and diicliarged agdn from the (lomach through its mouth int)fomeof the cells of its comb ; dellined for the food of the young, but, in hard kafons, feet on by the bee i felf. Figuratively, fwretnefs, or fedijci:ig allurements, applied to words : ufcd as a term of tendernefs and fondnefs. '•' H','ey, you Ihall be well in Cyprus."' Sh^k. To HO'NEY, V. N. to m.ke ufe of en- dearing, fweet, or fond expreflJons. " Honry- " ing and making love." Shak. HO'NEYKAG, S. the flomnch of a bee, wherein the honey is included as in a bag. HO'NEVCOMB, S.' \ fcmg-ramh. Sax.] the cell- of wax, in which a bee tlores its honey. HO'NEY'-DEW, S. fweet dew found early in the morning on the leaves of divers plants. HO'NEY-FLOWER, S. in Botany, a plant fo called from its flowers containing a black lwe<;r liquor. HO'NEY-GNAT, S. an inf a. HO'N£Y-MOON, S. the firft month if- ter H O O ter marriage, fo called from the fondnefs and tendernefs vvhich appears then between a mar- ried coup'e. HO'NEYSUCKLE, S. \tiun{^-fuck. Sax.] in Botany, a plant, fo called from the fwcet- ref<; of its odour ; it is Ikewife named the ivooill>inc. nO'NEYLESS, Adj. without honey, or Tolihed of tlieir lioney, applied lo hecs. HO'NORARY, Adj. done in order to confer honour, or as a mark of efleem j con- ferring honour, bnt rot gain. HO'NOUR, S. [boneur, Fr. /:oncr,Lat.] dignity, or high rank. A teflimony or to- ken of refpcift and erteem, iifcd after do. The title of a pcrion of rank ; a iubje<rt of praifc ; glory ; a regard to tiie cenfure and elteem of the world, Noblenefs or majefly, applied to perfons. " Witli native honoiir el. id." Par. Lojl. A place, office, or title, wliich attracts eReem and rtfpecfl; ornament. " 1\\c!jo:;ours " of his head" Diyil. To HO'NOUR,' V. A. to efteem or re- fpi(fl ; to entertain an inward eOeem and re verence for any perfon fuperior to ns in any relation, and to ihew it by outward figns and a£tions. IIO'NOURABLE, Adj. [loirrciik, Fr.] worthy of refpcdt or reverence ; great, or fuit- able to a perfon's dignity ; generous ; con- ferring or attracting refpe(fl and reverence ; without taint or reproach; hone/f ; ei^uittible. HO'NOURABLENESS, S. liiglmefs of port or dignity, which attraifts reverence and refpeft ; gcnerofity. HO'NOURABLY, Adv. with tokens of honour ; in fiich a manner as to add dignity to a perfon's chMracler ; generoully. ' HO'NOURER, S. one that entertains re- fpecl and eft eem for another in his niind, and fhevvs it in his aftions. HOOD, S. [from laJ, Sax.] denotes con- dition, quality, ftate or characfter, as in cLi/d- hood. Jt is fometimes taken coUeclively ; and then fignifics levera! united together, asjijier- lood, i.e. a company of filters : brotberhood, a fraternity, of feveral of the fame profefTion incorp'^rated. HOOD, S. [hod, Sax. from ha^d. Id. the head, hosd, Belg. but, Dan.j an upper co- vering worn by a woman over her cap j any thing drawn upon, tiie head, and covering it ; a kind ot ornanient worn by a graduate of any univerfity to fiiew his degree. HO'ODMAN's-BLIND, S. a play i which the perfon hooded is to catch another, and tell his name before the bandage is to be removed from his eyes, now called Llwdmans huff. " Cozened you at boodman's- lliud." To HO'ODWINK, V. A. to hinder a perfon from feeing, by binding fomething over his eves. hoof; S. [Icf, Sax.] the hard, horny HOP fubflance which covers the feet of horfo, and other animals that feed on grafs, HO'OFED, Adj. having a hoof. HO'OFBOUND, Adj. applied to a horre, when his hoof flninks in at the top and at he heel, and the ikin by that means ftaits above, and grows over the hoof. HOOK, S. [bcoc. Sax. and Span.] any liing bent io as to catch hold. " A fbcp- ' herd's look ; a pot booL" A wire crooked, and barbed at the point, ufed in filhing ; a fnare or trap. " Behdes that book of wiving." Sbak. Any bending inflrumcnt to cut or lop with. " A reaping itocX'." " Like flalhing " Eentley v\ith his dcipcr.ite />05/C'." Fope. That part of a hinge which is fixed to the poftsof a door; hmce of tbe books, implies a llatc of diforder or coufufion. By teak or crook, a phrafe, fignifying one way or an- other ; by any means, wlicther dirciH. or in- direct To HOOK, V. A. in fidiing, to catcTi with a hook. Figuratively, to entrap or eu- fnare ; to draw, or fallen, as with a hook. HO'OKED, Adj. bent; crooked. HO'OKEDNESS, S. the ftate of being bent like a hook. HO'OK-NOSED, Adj. having a crooked aquiline nofe, iiOOP, S. [hop. Sax. hoep, Belg.] any thing bent in a circular manner in order to bind or keep tight that which it furrounds, particularly caiks or banels ; feveral circlcjcf whalebone worn by a woman to extend their petticoats j any thing circular. 1 o HOOP, V. A. xo put hoops on a caJk, or other vefrel. Figuratively, to clafp, -en- ciicle, or iurround. " Ihou Ihalt hoop this " body with thy embraces." Shah. To HOOP, V.N. \of luopgan, ovivep- yan, Goth, or hooper, Fr.J to Ihout or make a noi'e by way ot call or puifuit ; to call to by a Ihout. HO'OPER, S. a cooper ; or one that puts hoops on veffeis. HO'OPING-COUGH, S. a conviilfiv* ki<.d of cough, fo called from the iioife with which it is attended. To HOOT , y. N. [hivt, Brit, huer, Fr.] to make a noife in contempt ; to cry like an owl. " The clani'rous owl that nightly " hoots " Sbak. HOOT, S. [htut, Brit, hue, Fr.] a cU- mour, Ihout, or noife made at a perfon ia contempt } the noife made by an owl. To HOP, V. N. [boppan. Sax.] to jump or /kip lightly ; to move by leaps on one leg. Figuratively, to hop or walk lamely, by lay- ing all our ftrefs on one leg. HOP, S a leap made with one leg ; a light or fmall jump, generally applied to the motion of birds on the ground, or the man- ner in which they move from one branch of a tree to another, without extending their legs. H O R lejjs. In Batony, a plant, whofe floxer is "Kfed as a bitter in brewing, to keep ihe l)tci from turning four. To HOP, V. A. to impregnate witli hops; to make bitter with bops j to leap with one HOPF, S.[/.-f:ta, Srfx."! th:!tp!cafiire which zrife in the mind on the thouf;ht of the en joymeot of for-c future good ; an CNpedation of fome future r,'"'od. To HOPE, 'v. N. to cxp^jcl a future good. HO'PEFUL, Adj. full of qualities which produce hope; promifmg ; full ofliopcor cxpedtatiort of fiicc^fs. " If iotcful of ijcim " aid." Popt. T he laft fenfe, though ibiftly analogicnl, is fcldom ufcd. HO'PP.FULLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to raife hope, or encourage an expectation of fonne future (:ocd. HO'PE.^L'i.NE:- S, S. the quality which encourages or occaiions a pk-Mfing exptc\ition cf fucccfs, or fome future jjooii. HO'PitLKSS, >\dj. witho\ir any expcfta- tion of future gocd. Figuratively, defperate- ly al)andoned. HO'PER, S. one thrt has pleafing expec- tations of fome futiue good. HO'PINGLY, Adv. with hope or con- fidence that noti.ii.g of evil will happen. iiO'PPER, S. one who leaps or jumps on one leg, HO'PPER, S. the box or open fiamc of wood in a mill, into which the corn is put to be ground. HO'RARY, Adj. \hcraii-e, Fr. ho-ai-'nis, Lat. oi hora, Lat. an hour) relatii:g, point- ing to, or containing an hour. Tl>e i>cr,:-v circle on globes, is the brafs circle at the jioKth pole, on which the hours arc matlced, as on a clock. HORDE, S. fi'wrj, !,loyJe., Sax.] a flock, company, or regiment ; a clan, or company of people generally changing their (ituation. HOHl'SOM, S. [ipi^ajjCr.] thelinewhich terminates or bounds the fight. The fcufdlf horizon is the circular line which limits the Tiew : the rea/ is that v\hich divides the globe into two equal parts. On the globes i his is generjlly the upper part of the frame on ■which tbe globe rcrts. HORIZONTAL, Adj. near the ground orhorizon. Parallel to tlielio; izon; on a hvcl. HOPIZO'NTALLY, Adv. in a diicclion parnllc' to the horizon ; on a level,' or in a lincequ.lly diftant in all its parts from the grounrf, fuppofing the ground to be level. HORN, S Ibaurti, Goth. /Mil, Sax.] a h.itd, pointed, rj d callou? Ail.fhince, which grows on the heads of fome animals. Figu- ratively, an infhiiment of wind mudc, form- ed of the horn of fome animal ; the exticmi- ties of the waxing or wrin'iiig moon, fo called, becaufe reprefcnting the horns of a cow, or H O R from l.yrn Sax a point. The feelers of a fnail, or thofe long fubfl.inces on the head of a fnail, which it draws in or pufhes out at pleafure, imagined to be its feelers ; but by modern naturalifts found to be a kind of tekfcopps, having the eyes at their extremi- ties : hence the phrafe to draiv in one's torns, for being terrified, or having one's courage dunped at the profped of danger. The hiero- glyphic for a cuckold, ufed figuratively for cuekeldom ; whence horn jfiad implle':, a.s mad as a perfon who difcovers that he is cuckolded. In Scripture, kom is ufed for power, pride, or empire. HO'RN-BEAM, S. a tree with leaves like ihc elm or beech. HO'RNBOOK, S. a leave with the alt^ha- bet and Lord's prayer printed on it, ftuck on a piece of board, and covered over with horn to keep it from foiling, ufed for teaching children their letters. KO'RNED, Adj. having, or appearing ss having, horns. HO'RNER, S. one that manufaflures and fells horns. HO'RKET, S. [hyrnet. Sax.] a large, ftroni;, dinging fly, whofe bod^ is long, re- fcmhling a thread, and of a bluiflr colour j it makes its neft in hollow trees which confifts of wood, for which purpofe, like the wafps, they are furnifhcd with Arong toothed jaws. HORN-FOOT, Adj. hoofed. " koyn- " foot iMrfes." Hakeiu. HORN-OWL, S. an owl, fo called from its having horns. HO'RNPIPR, S. a jig, fo called becaufe formerly danced to an horn. ilO'RN-WORK, S. in Fortification an out work ; advancing towards the field, coii- fifHng of two demi-baftions, joined to a curtin. HO'RNY, Adj. made of, or refembling horn ; hard as horn, or callous. HORO'GR APHY, S. [hcrcgraphk, Fr. of a-fa, and j-j.-.isb, Gr.] an account of the hours. HO'RJLOGE, or HO'ROLOGV, S. \}:olo'?-e, Fr. horolo^iuni , Lat. of a-f* an hour, ■ini\iyii, Gr. to tellj an indrument that tells the hour. " He'll watch the horologe a •* double fet." Shak. HORO'METRY, S, [horometrie, Fr.of o^a, and /wfTf"'. Gx-'] the art of meafuring the hours. '' The horoinet^y of antiquity." Brczun. HO'ROSCOPE, S [Fr of i;5;»,and «■« «»;, Gr.l In f. fliology, the configuration of the planets at the hour of a perfon's birth. HO'RRIBLE, Adj. [Fr. oi' horriti/is, Lat.] occafion'ng horror ; hideous; odious. ■ HO'RRIBLENESS, S that quality in a perfon or thing which affects with horror, or a ftrong apprehenfion of in ftant danger, &c. a deep impreflion of odioufnefs. HORRIBLY, H O R HO^RRIBLY, Adv. in fucli a manner as to raife tear and horror. HO'RRID', Adj. [hon-Uus, Lat.] hideous, ftiocking. HORRIDNESS, S. that qw.iVny which renders a thing extremely odious, fhocking, or drcaduil. HORRIFIC, Adj. [icnlfirtti, Lat.] cauf- jng horror. •' His jaws borrific," Thomjov. HO'RROR, S. [horteur, Fr. hovro,-, Lat ] a pafTion excited by an object which caufes both a high degree of fear and dereflation. Figuratively, a gloom, or drearinefs which affeds with horror. " Breathes a browner " horror on the woods." I'ope._ HORSE, S. I formerly fpelt kt)r%\ of hon, Sax. J a domedic bead, ufed in war, draught, and carriage. HcrJ'e, in War, the cavalry, or thofe foidiers in an army that fight on horfeback. In Manifadtories, any thing ufed as a fupport : hence a hcrfe to dry linen on. Among mariners, a rope faflened to the arms of each yard, to fupport the men when hand- 'ing or reeving the i'ails. To KOR^K, V. A. [horfan. Sax.] to mount upon a !o5 le ; to carry a pcrfon.'or to place a perfon on one's back ; to ftt aftride Hpon a thing. " Leads filled, and ridges " horfed." ^Sh^k. To cover a mare. " horj'e more marcs." Mortimer. I HO'RSEBACK, S. the back of a iiorfe j 1 the date of being mounted on a horfe. HO'RSERLOCK, S. a block made ufe o! to aflifi: a perfon in mounting a horfe. HO'RSEBOAT, S. a Lrge boat ufed ai ferries, to carry horfes over the water. HO'RSEBOY, S. a grooxn, or boy em- ployed in di;£lTing horfes ; a dable boy. HOR'SE-BREAKER, S. one who tames horfes, and fits ihem cither for riding or drawing. HOR'SE-COURSER, S. one that runs, or keeps running-horfes ; a dealer in huries HOR'SE-EMIviET, S. a large kind of ant or emmet. HOR'SE- FLESH, S. the fle^ of hoifes. One JkjUed in horje-f.ejh ,_^ is a low phrafc for a perfon fkiiled in buymg horfes. HOR'SE-FLY, S. a fly ramarkable for flinging horfts. HOR'SE LAUGH, S. aloud, violent,and fcmetimes rlfccfed laugh. HOR'SE-LEECK,"s. a great leech, which ufually f.idens to horles when watering ; a farrier, or liorfc doftor, from Lorje and !ach, Sax. wliich fignifies both a leech and a perfon who cures diforders. HOR'SE-LfTTER, S. a carriage hung upon poles between tw<i horfes, in which the perfon lies at full length. HOR'SEMAN, S. a rider, or one mount- ed on horfeback; one JKilled in riding; one that fights on horfiback, apj lied to an army HOR'SEMAN.SHIf, S. the art of ridhig bicaking, or managing a horfe. H O S HOR'SE-MATCH, S. a race, wherein tv\o or rn<jre horfes contend for fuperiority in fuiftnefs.' KOR'SE-MEAT, S. provender, or food fir ior horfes. HOR'SE MINT, S. a large coarfe kind of mint. HOR'SE^-PLAY, S coarfe, rough, or vb- lent play " Too much given to horje-play." Dryd. noR'SE-RACF, S. a conteft between horfes for a prize. HOR'SERADIsn, S. a root of a drong poignant tafle, ufed in cookery for a kind of faucc, and edeemed in medicine very diuretic It is reckoned a fpecies of fcurvy-grafs by bo- tanlc.ii vvnrers. HOR'SESHOE, S. a plate of iron nailed under the hoof of a horfe. In Botany, aa herb, HOR'SEWAY, S. a broad way or road by which horfes may travel. HOR'TATIVE, Adj. [bortatus, of hortor, Lat. J an argument by v.hicli a perfon en- deavours to excite another to pradtife an? thing. - HOR'TATORY, Adj. [from hcrtor, Lat.] encouraging, animating, or advifing to per- ' To I form a thing. I HOR'TLiLAN, Adj. \hcrtu!am!s, Lat.] belonging to a garden. " My hortulan ka- '• lender." E-velyn. HOS.A'NNA, S. [Hcb. favc us now, or f.ve we befeech.thcej a form of bleffing or uilMng a perfon well, ufed by the Jews, 'Fiius at ourSaviour'se'n trance into Jerufalem, when the people cried out, " H-jfanim, to' the •' fon of David !" their meaning was, Lord' preferve this fon of David, this king j heap favours and bleffings upon him'. HOSE, S. [plural h'.jin, from hoja. Sax, hof..n, Brit. h.JJhn, Erf.j a docking, or co- vering woin on the legs. " Will die thy " linen waOi, or hojen darn. Gaitb. For- merly ufed for breeches, " An Englifh tay- " lor for dealing out of a French hojc" Shak, HO'SIER, S. one who fells dockings, HO'SITFABLE, Adj. [kojpirabUit, Lat.] giving entertainment to lirangers j kind and affable ro (Irangers. HO'>.PIl ABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to dirw kindnefs, and give entcrtaimncnt, to drangers. KO'SPITAL, S. \hr,\yital, Fr. of hofpi- ttiUs, Lat.] a place built tor the reception of thi firk, or the fupport of the poor. HO'.SPI r.'V'LrrY, S. [kojfitalite, Fr.] the virtue exercifed in the entertainment of dr.mgers. KO'SPITALLER, S. [Luyrallicr, Fr.] one refiding in an hufpital to receive either the poor or di angers; a poor perlon living in, or I'upported a', an hofpital. HOS T, S. [kotc, Fr.J a perfon who keeps an inn ; au ara y, from boj'^is, Lat, an encniy ; any M O T HOT anV g^'^^f JiumLcT or multitude. " An Lojl of topioues.'* Si.itk. The fuciificcof the nufs, or the confecrated wafer, in the Pomifh church, f'rome hoftc, Fr. hojiij, Lat. a lacri- fice, or victim offered up in facrificc. To HOST, V. N. to put up at an inn ; ro go to a public hoiifc tor entertainment " The Centaur, v\h(.rt we /fic-y?." ^bak. To engafje or encounter in battle. " In fieice ** Icjllrgs meet." Par. Loj}. IIO'STAGE, S. [cjlage,l'r. loflag^.a, Ital j a perfbn given up as a pledge for the Acurity of the performance of certain conditions. HO'STEL, or HO'STELRY, {hold, ho- tder'id, Fr.] an inn. or houfe, where a perfon may meet wifh entertainment or lodging. HO'STESS, S. [hojiejje, Fr.] a woman uho keeps a public lioufc or inn. HO'STIVE, Adj. [hoftUis, Lat.] like an enemy ; adverfe ; oppofite. KOSTl'LITY, S, [bopHie, Fr.] the prac- tice of an open enemy ; open war j violent and vehement oppofition. HOSTLER, S. ©ne who has the care of horfes at an inn. HO'STRY, S, the ftable or place where horfes are kept at an inn. HOT, Adj. [bat. Sax, and Scot.] having the power to excite a fenfation of heat ; made ■warm by fire. Figuratively, hiftful, or ve- hemently lewd J flrongly affciled with any fenfibie quality, in alhifion to hounds. " Hot •' fcent of gain." Diyd. Violent ; furifius; ardent ; vehement, applied to acftion. Preci- pitate, or furioiifly thoughtlefs ; highly i'ea- foncd, or affefting the palate very flrongly. HOT-BED, S. in Gardening, a bed made ■warm for producing of plants, which would not tlirive without that contrivance. HO'T-BRAINED, Adj. furious; vche- me?ir ; paflionate. HO'T-HEADED, Adj. vehchient or vio- lent in paffion \ foon provoked. HOT-HOUSE, S. a bagnio, or place to fwe-at or cup in. " She profelfes a hoi-houjty Sbjk. A brothel or bawdy-houfc ; a houfe in which are hot-beds to bring vegetables, (S'l. to perfeiflion all the year round. HO'TLY, Adv. with heat; with violence or vehemence ; with lewdnefs, lull, or lafci- vioufnefs. " Birds that Lctly bill and breed." Drxri. HO'T-MOUTHFD, Adj.headftrong; un- g'.'vernable. " Th:it hot-i' outbid bealt that *' bears againfl the ci;rb." Diyd. HOTNESS, S. that quality or ftate which excites a llnfation of htat t violence or vehe- picnce. Fijiurativelv, wantonntfs or hi!l. HO'TCH-POTCH, S. See Ilod^e-Podfe. HO'TSPIR, a perfon of violent pafTioiis; cafily provoked, obftin.ite and ungoveinable. " A li.dr-brained bot'fur." ^hak. In Botany, ■a. pea of fpeedy growth. HCTSPL'RRED, Adj. vthenitnt j of vi- olent paflions ; rafh; I'-ngovernable. " That " botifurred Haipalice in Virgil." Peacb. }K>'TTENTOTS, S. country of the, a fub-div'ifion of CLiffrcrii.and rhcmoit fouthern Lnd of all Africa, compreliending the Cape of Good Hope and the other Dutcn fettlements there. It is bounded on the N. W. by part of the river Bravaghnl 5 on theN. it extends to the tropic of Capricorn ; on the N. E the river of the Holy Gholt parts it from the empire of Monomotapa. Jt has the eaftern ocean on theE. and S. and the Ethiopia oce-' HQ on the W. lying between lat. 35 and 35 deg. S. and between long 15 and 35 deg. E. The appellation of Hottentot is not a nick- name, but an original ar.d national name, by wl ich they have alway.s diliinguilhed thcm- fclves. 'I hofe are a dilTcrent fort of people from the ( afres : they indeed refemble one another in their woolly h::!r, large lips, and fi It nofes : the latter circumftance is artificial; for as foon as a Hottentot woman is delivered of a child, fhe breaks doun the bridge of its nofe with one of her thumbs. Pefides the Cafres are black and Ihiiiing; wliereas the Hf)ttentots aie of a dingy olive colour. They alfo differ in their ways of living. Of the j Hottentots there are about tweniy different I nations. Their country, though mountainous^ lis very fertile, being piincipally cultivated by jtlit Dutch, and its prodi.ciioiis very plen'iful, jdiid in the grcateft pertecftion, particularly at the Cape ; by toncliing at which harbour, a. I kind of half-way houlc in outward and h'lme- I ward bound voyages to and from the Eafl In- jdies, the lives of many thou ands, almoft rotten with the fcurvy, are fa ved, by means of the freOi provifions, efpccially vegetables, to be caliiy procured hcie. The natives live chiefly upon grazing of cattle, liunting, and filhing. The Dutch allow them their own law s and cwftoms ; but oblige them to furniOi their fettlements with cattle, and aflifl them in their hulbandry, &c. for w hich labour they receive in return provifions, brandy, tobacco, &*(-. The men are of a moderate (tature, the wrimen fmall and black, refcmbling the ne- groes, but not naturally of fo black a com- plexion, which they take a great deal of pains to heighten by a n.ixtiMe of greafe and foot. Before tlie Dutch had introduced Ihong li- quors amoi^g thv-m, of whic!) they are now very fond, they drank only milk and water, or butter-milk. 1 he Hottentots are not {o flupid ;ind inhum.an as they have been reprc- fcntcd. They learn the Dutch, French, and Portuguefe tongues, fo as to exprefsthemfelves in ihem. In agiiculture, though they prac- tife none for thcmfelves, they excel all the Europeans reliJing among them : and in ma- ny other aits they difcovcr good marks of capacity, could they be perfuadcd to make a right ufe oi it. Tlicy make excellent fcr- ! vants, and rcrh4ps the mod fdilhful in the j world. HOT worlu, not dimini(h:n<4 the leafl article com- niiticd to thtir truit 5 but then they arc the iaziert wretclis under the lun, placing their uliole eanhly h^ppinef- in llotli. They can think, and to purpofe too, it'they pleaf.-; hut they hate the trouble of it. If a Hottentot is not rouzed by any prednt appetite or necef fity, he is as de;if to emp oyment as a log : Lut v\hen either urges Jiim, tie is all atflivity ; ;.fter whieh he retires to enjoy again his be- luvtd idlentfi. It is to this general Lziiiefs oftl)e Hottentots we mi.d aCcrihe that part of their characfler, that in the matter of diet tliey arc tliefiltliicft people in the world, but not fo ravenous and unclr;inly as they are gene rctlly rcprelcntedj though, after all, they make an European ab'ior viduals. By their jn^ir.ncr of di-efllng tlieir food th< y iccm to futfrr nothing, either in liedith or length of diiys, moll of them living to a great age, efpecially where intemperance does not Ihor- ten their lives What ni^kes them (Hll a na- flier generatio.'i, is, the cufloin of well be- fmcarujg their bodies and apparel, which is only a Ikin over tluir flu nlders, uilli butter or fliecp's fat mixed with foot, and that p.dnt is of greater or lefs fweetncfs according to the ability of the peifon ii!;ng it: and is fonic- tinies fo rank, that it may be fmelt at u con- fiderable diltan'ce. 'J he face and fore part of the neck of a Kottentct man are always un- covered. About his neck Iianos a litile grta- fy bag, in which he curries his knife, pipe, oc. 'i heir cloacks, orkiofics, astiuycall them, cover the iiunks of their bodies i and are worn open or tlofe, accoding to the fea- fon. They lie upon ihenj at night, and when tliey die are lied up and intered in them. 'J hey gtnerdlly wear three rings of ivory up- on their left arms ; and thefe they finilh with cx<;;i!lite art, fcrving as giMrds when cgaged witi-. an enemy 'Ihe v\oman general! y wear tAo kioUcS i a leller under a greater, and alfo open like thofc of the men. And hot!) iexes huvc a modefiy piece tacked to their mantles. (TJrls, from their infancy, till about tweive years of age, wear bulrulhcs tied in lings about their legs, from their knees down to their ancles ; and then thefe are changed for rings made of narrow (lips of (htcp or calf- ftln ; and thefe arc w(jrn to guard their legs tiom thcns and briars, as they go every day ir.to the fields to gath.cr loct.i and other thiiigs for food : in the next jil.cc they are one great di(tin(nion of ihc /ex, and leckoncd very or- namental ; and Idltly, they aie provifions a- gaiiilt an hcur of hunger ..nd fcaicity; which thty iiruile letuexn two (loncs, and then de- vour with a gix-rit deal of fatisfadion '1 hey are kept from fulling upon the ivoman's heel.% by large wrappers of rulhes or leather about their ankles.. Beth fcxes among the Hotten- tots are very fond of any ornumcnt for the head, as brafs buttons, thin pLtcs of that Hictal, bits of look ing-gkifs, <!>-i-. Thev aifu H O U wear ear-rings and beadsof brar>orglars; tile litter in their necklaces, brace 'et.s.xV.id oirdles. The men diltingnifb themielves by the blad- ders of the wild beafls they have killed, blovv- ingthcm up, and faifeniag them to their hair j nnd thefe they ever after v\ear as trophies 01 their atchievcments. HOVE, the prcier of hta-ve. IIO'VEL, S. a Ihcd open at the fides, co- vered over head j a mean, low habitation or cottage. '] o H O'VEL, V. A. to ihejter in, or repair to an liovcl. " To bmiel thee with fviirc '" • ^kak. To HO'VER, V, A. {hcvh Brit ] to han^ in the air over a pcrfon's head, without flyina off one way or another ; to wander about one place " So warlike a prinee i'!,i\r/r<r 0:1 the ■' borders of our confederates." Ad::if. HOUGH, S. \b'g, Sax.j the loutr'pavt of the thigh cf a beail. An adz or hoc. Sec H.c. To HOUCH, V. A. to hamfhing ; todil- ableor hinder from running,- by cutting the linevv or tendon of the ham. ''' He ha.^hed " thi-ir horfcs." Jojh xi. 9. In Gardening, to cut or fcrape up earth with au !ioe Tiiis is an unufual manner of fpcUing, and fhoukl not be imitated. HOU'LET, S. [hukttc, IcuLnr, Fr.J a young owl. HOUND, S. [h,nd. Sax. Dan. Teut. anJ Scot.] a dog ufcd in hunting 'I o H' 'UND, V. A. to ict on, or letlcofc to the chaee. " He who only lets loofe a " greyhound out of the fiip, is faid to Lcr.-d " him at the haie." firabm. To h.unt or purfue. " If the wolves had been bcvndzd " ''Y 'y,"'^''''-" L'Ef^raiige. IjOUP, S.\i'p!/pa, Lat Jthelapwingorpuet. HOUR, S \hcnre, Fr. Lcra, Lat. apa, Cir.] the twenty fourth part of a natural day, or a fpace of time confiding of lixty minute' ; the time marked by a clock ; any particular time ; a proj)er feafon for the perfbi manceof any thing. " Mine ioar is not yet conae." ychn ii . 4 . HOU'R-GLASS, S. an inftiument to mei- fuic time uith, by means of (and running through a fmali aperture out of one glaf'^ into another; any fpace of time. " Within the " Zt.v/--t;/j,'i of two months." Ba,<,>:. Tiie l„il fe'i.r> is obsolete. See Cl.ifs. HOURLY, Adj. and Adv. happening or repe.tcd every hour ; fre4uent HOU'R-PLATE, .S. the pk.te on which the figures of the hours are painted anildcfcrt- bcd, whether for a clock or dial. HOUSE, S. (/;,-.', Sa.x. and Goth. J a build- ing wherein a peifon or h.uman cre;i!ure dwells, ti^juralively, any place of abooe. " I he bees '• - -from iheirliives and /io'.jodiiven away." Shi-k. 'I he manner of living, or eating .\ table joined ro keep. " He kept a niiferable '• /.tfjc:' ii.^k. Th; (hition oi a planet, iu artrology. H O U afltology. Family race, defcenJjnts or kin- tired ; one's family affairs. " Set thine houfe •' in order." z Kings, xx. i. A body of men rnceting for pulilic concerns in any dwelling, applied to the lords or commons coileftivdy coiifidered : when iifed with u^per, it implies the lords, and when joined witii hiver, the commons. " The major part cf both honj'es." K. Charles. The body in which the foul lod- ges or refides. " If our earthly boufe — we\e " diilolved." zCor.v.j. 7 he glorious body or receptacle in which our foul will refidc in heaven. " We have a. /jcufc not made with *' hands.'' 2 Cor. v. s. To HOUSE, V. A. to harbour ; to give lodging in a hoiife ; to fhelter, or keep undtr a roof. Neuterly, to take fhelter; to refide, or live in a building. To have a (tation in the heavens, applied to aflrology. HOU'SE-BREAKER, S. one who forces an entrance into another perfon's houfe to fteal. HOU'SE-BREAKING, S. the ad of en- tering another perfon's houfe by force, in or- der to fteal : called, in law, burglary^ HOU'SE-DOG, S. a malHff or'dog kept in a houfe to fecure it from thieves, HOU'SEHOLD, S. [ixom houfe mi hold] a family living together in one dwelling-place or houfe ; the management, ceconomy, or government of a family. Ufed in compofitioii to imply domeftic, or making part of a family. " His lo!ifeho/d fcTVunts" y^cls x. 7. HOU'SEHOLDER, S. the mader of a familv. HOU'SEHOLD-STUFF, S. furniture- of an houfe, or utenfils fit or neceflary for a fa- mily. HOU'SEKEEPER, S. cne who is maflcr of a family, and rents a whole houfe, oppofed to a loiJger ; a woman fcrvant, who has the manayement of a family. HOUSEKEEPING, Adj. domeflic ; fit or neceflary for a family, " Houjckccping com- •' modities." Careiu. HOU'S'iKEEPlNG, S. hofpitaiity; a li- beral and plentiful table ; the charge and ex- pence attending the keeping a family. HOU'SELEEK., S a plant, fo called from growing on the walls, or outlide roofs of houfes. HOU'SELESS, Adj. without any abode or houie to live in. HOL'SEMAID, S. a female fervant, em- ployed in keeping a houfe clean. HOU'SEROOIVI, S. ihelter, place, or en- tertainment in a houfe, HOU'SEWARMING. S, a fcafl: or mer- ry-making, ur^on going into a new houfe. HOU'SHCLD, and HOU'SEHOLDER, S. See K-ufehold and Houjck'Jdcr. HOU'SiKG, S. [from l:.fco] the quantity of houfes in any place. " To increrfe its *' inhabitants according to the increnfe of *' beujlrg." Graunt. H U C HOU'SEWIFE, S. [frequently written and pronounced bufivife, or h:ijjy] the miflrefs of a family j one fkil ed in the regulating ot a fami y, and prddi.Gng frugality ; a kind of purfe confiding of feveral pockets above one another, and a book made of cloth, to carry thread, fiik, and nee iles in. HOU'SEWIFELY, Adv. after the manner of a perfon who knows how to manage a fa- mily u ith order and frugality. HOU'SEW IFELY, Adj. [pronounced huf- /ify] (killed in tlic management of a family. HOU'SEVvIFERY, S. [pronounced buf~ fif'y] the bufincfs or nianagtmcnt of a mif- trefs of a family ; prudent and frugal manage- ment of the afiiiirs of a family. HOW, Adv. [hu, liua. Sax.] to what de- gree J in what degree ; in what manner j for what rea/ijn ; or tiom what caule ; by what means. Uled with mucb^ if implies propor- tion, relation, and correfpondence. HO'WBE, or HCVVliElT, Adv. [from b'j-w, he and i:] ncvertl;elefs ; notwithftand- ing ; yet ; however. HO WD'YE, [of /i5w, do, andje] in what (late is your health. Ufed as a fubftantive for a mecr compliment of civility, or an en- quiry into the I'ate of a perfon's health. HOWEVER, Adv. in whatfoever manner and degree ; at lead ; at all events : let what will happen ; neveithclefs ; nolwiihilariding; yet ; for all that. To HOWL, V. N. {hulcn, TtxW t\t\vla>^ Gr. ] to cry, or make a noife, applied to a wolf or dog. Figuratively, to utter a moarn- ful found or cry tmm deep diltiefs ; to pro- nounce in a tone like a beaft. l"'oetically ufed for yny noiib that is l.nid and horrid. HOWL, S. the cry or noife of a wolf or dog ; the cry of a human being opprefled with difhcfs and filled with horror. HO'WSOEVER, Adv. Sec f/oit-^«-. To HOX, V. A. \hoh. Sax.] to hamnring, to hough. Figuratively, to take notice of a peifon, lb as to make him blufh or be afham- ed. "■' Ihx the dancing mailer." A low phrafe, perhaps from bcx/we, Sax. reproach- ful. HOY, S. [biff, Fr.J a fmall vcfFel, whofe fliils are neither fvjuare nor crofs like other Ihips, butmizen, fo that flic can fail nearer the wind than any other veflcl can. To HOYSE, V. A. [See//j.y7j among ma- riners ; to hale up any thing. HU'BBUB, S. a mixed or con f ufed noift mad; by feveral •people talking at the fame time; a tumult, lioi, or uproar. HU'CKAfiACK, S. a kind of courfc linen with raifed figures. HU'CKLEtJACKED, Adj. crooked in the fhoulders ; hunch or hump-backed. IJU'CKSrER, or HU'CIISTERER, S. a perfon that fells goods or wares in fmall quantities ; a pedlar. Figuratively, a trickiib, mean peifon. To H U L To HU'CKSTER, V. A. to fell wares in fniall quantities. To HU'DDLE, V. A. to drefs up clcfein order to difguife; to drefs in a hurry, or put one's cloatlis on c;:rele(ly and in hafte. Fi- ^urativel)', to C()ver up in hafte ; to perform in a hurry : to join together in a confuTed and improper manner. Ncuterly, to come in a crowd or hurry. HU'DDLE, S. a confufcd crowd or mix- ture ; a crowd aflemblcd together in a hurry j a tumult. HUE, S. \hkive, heio?, Sax.] colour; a clamour, or legal purfuit after a robber, at- tended with noife. HUFF, S. [heofen. Six. lifted up. Johnfon derives it from ho'ven, or kn'f, to fwellj a fuel! of fiidden anger or infolence ; a fcvere and infolent reprimand ; one fw?!led and grown infolcnt witli a vain opinion of his own value. To HUFF, V. A. [hcofe?,. Sax.] to fwell or pufT. " Hi; fed up with air." T» hedtor or treat with infolence; to chide or reprimand with infolence or fcverity. In Gaming, to take a trick from a pirfon, who did not play to a lead. HU'FFER, S. a boafter cr bully. HU'FFISH, Adj. with arrogance, info- lence, or braggings. HU'FFISHNESS, S. noify bluiler ; info- lent pride. J o HUGG, V. A. [%wn. Sax ] to prefs clofe in an embrace. Figuratively, to fondle, or treat with tendernefs ; to hold fall with great affe£tion. HUG, S. [fee the Fcrb'\,zn embrace wherein a perfon is held tight within rhe arms. HUGE, S. |/6o.^/j, Relg. ] large, applied to fize, generally including excefs j vail or immenfe. HU'GELY, Adv. in an exter.five manner; immcnfely, or enormoullv, applied to fize. Greatly ; very much j prodigioufly, applied to degree. HU'G ENESS, S. enormity, applied to bulk. Greatnefs or extenfivenefs, applied to quality or degree. HU'GGER-MUGGER' S. fecrecy ; in a bye place. " A thing that's done in hugger- '' ""SS^'"'^^ L'Ej}rar:^£. HU'GY, Adj. vaflT; great ; large, applied to flzfe. " T his hugy rock." Carew. HUKE, S. [%, brit. hugue, Fr.] a cloak. HULK, S. [tolck, Dan. Hue, Sax.] the bo- dy of a fliip. Figuratively, any thing bulky and weighty. '•' Tliis ^z;/-', Sir John." ^hak. To HULK, V. A. to pull out the entrails of animals. " To i'j.-.'-J a hare." ^7?.','w. HULL, S. [oi Man, Sax.] the bulk, or outward covering of corn or -ry other thing ; I the body of a iTiip : though hi/k and hu/I be now ufcd promifcuoully, LuH fccms, according | to johnfon, to have been fo; merly applied not only to the body or hull, but likewiic to whok ihip of burtheu. j I HUM To HULL, V. N. to float ; to drive t.i and fro upon the water without fails or rud- der. " He look'd and faw the ark hull oa {the flood." Par. Loft. I HU'LLY, Adj. bulky, or abounding in I hulks. HU'LVErj, S. in Botany, the holly. [ To HUM, V. A. [bovimlcn, Bclg.] to make I a noife, applied to bee?. To make an inarti- culate noife, by forcing the breach through the lips when fliut ; to pa-jfe in fpeaking, and fill up the interval by making a found with the breath forced through the lips when uiut ; to fmg io low as fcarcefy to be heard. " To " hum a tune." Pope. To applaud. To hum a perfin, is to render him ridiculous, hy exer- cifmg fome frolic upon him. See Ihnnvr.er. HUM, S. the hoaife bu/.zing noife made by bees. Figuratively, the confufed noife made by a croud of people engaged in dif- courfe; any bw, rough noife ; a paufc filled up by a forcible emillinn of brea'h thorough the lips when ihut. " You hear a h:.m ia " the right place." She3. HUM, Iriterj. alow inarticulate fi^und, like that of a fwarm of Lees, made ufe of to imply doubt and deliberation, '■'■Hum'. I guefs ut " it." Shak. ' HU'M.'iN, Ad], [ht!Ka'in,Yi: humar.us,'L^K.'\ having the qualities of a reafonable .creature or man : belonging to, or like a man. _ HUMA'NE, Adj. [kuniabu^^] kindj ci- vil ; good-natured ; benevolent ; ready to Ao good offices, and embracing all opportunities to relieve and companionate qur fellow crea- tures. HU'MANELY, Adv. in a kind, civil, companionate, or benevolent manner. HU'MANIS r, S. \huma7iifte, Fr.] a perfon who teaches the rudiments or grammar of lang'jagcG. HUM A'NITY, S. [huKatuie, Fr. humanitPS^ Lat] the nature of man. Mankind, or the coDecflive body of reafonable creatures ; the exercife of all the facial and benevolent vir- tues. To HUMANI'ZE, V. A. to fcften or ren- der fuftc-ptive of the impreffions of tender- nefs or benevolence, HU'MANKIND, S. the race of reafonable creatures, called men. HU'iViANLY, Adv. after the inanner, or according to the pov\er of men, HU'.M-IMRD, S. one of the fmallcfl birds, we know of, fu chilled from its humming foimds. HU'.MHLE, />dj. \lutrrok, Fr. hun.Uis, Lat.] having'a modcll or lowopiu'on of one's own abilities; behaving with modefty, fub- miflion, and deference to others. Low, ap- plied to fuuiition or rank. " An htnnili nert " built on the ground." Ctiviey. *' Humhlee " titles." SKirh To HU'MRLE, V. A. to de.f>roy or dimj- nidi a pcrfon's pi ide j ta zn<ikc Itfi aii;i^-n: j i* I to HUM to make fubmifTive, to mortify ; to fubdue ; i to diminilh the lieight of a thing. . HU'MBLE-BEF, S. a wild bee, fo called from its buziing. In Botany, an herb. HU MBLENESS, S. a difpofition of mind wherein aperfon has a low opinion of his abi- lities, and is fubmifiive to others. HU'MRLER, S. one that fubdues either his own pride or that oF others. HU'MBLEMOUTHED, Adj. mild, or meek in fpeech. " You are meek humhlc- " mouthed.''' Shak. HU'jMBLE-PLANT, S. a ipeciLS of the fenfitive plant, which derives its name from its prolhvting itfelf on the ground when touched, and recovering its former (late in a Ihort time afterwards; it is raifcd in hot beds. HU MBLY, Adv. with a proper deference and fubmiffion to others ; witiiout pride. Low, applied to fituation or diflance from the earth. HU'MDRUM, Adj. Tfiom hum and<f;wj dull, (lupi.i ; iiot a.ifwt'iiig or taking notice wh'i'i fpi'Ken to, on acccjiiiu of (h>pidity. To HUME'CT,orHL'MEC'rATE,V.A. [humeclatus, Lat. of kumeflo, Lat. humdhr, Fr.] to wet or moirten. Not in ufe. HUMECTATION, S. [Fr.] the aft ot wetting or moirtening. HU'iMERAL, Adj. [Fr. from humerus, Lat.] belonoing to a llioulder. HUMICUBA'TION, S. [from humi, Lat. and adw, Lat.] the ad of lying on thegroimd. " Ys.'A^mg—iwiihunikuiation.'" Bmmb. Not in ufe. HU'MID, Adj. [humlde, Fr. humldus, Lat.] moift, or having the power to wet ; wet. HUMI'DITY, S. [bumldite, Fr ] moillure, or that quality which a fluid has of entering the pores, or wetting other bodies. HUMlLiA' ilON, S. [Fr.] an aft where- by a perfon voluntarily defcends fi om a higher degrfi of dignity to a lower; mortification ; or a fenfc and cxprefTion of our defers or unworthinefs ; abatement of pride. HuMFLlTY, S. a difpofition of mind wher.-n a perfon has a low opinion of him- fclt ,,nd his advantages, is fabmiflive to au thorty, and attentive to inltriiftion. ilUM'MER, S. an applauder. Ufcd at pre- fent .i<^ a cant word for a perfon who tells a pliuCble (lory to another, in order to gain his credit, and induce him to believe a falfity ; on I wlio ttlls a lye. HU'MOli, or Hl'MOUR, S [hameur, Yx.hinnor, Lat.] moiftui' ; My fluid body. In Anatumy, the fluids in .;n animal body, o; any corrupt matter cr.Uefled in a wound or abfccfs. T ;>per difpolition, or tae ruling pafljon, ap; li-.-J to tl.c mind. Piflion, or the prefent difj-.-)tion of tiie mind ; any odd medley of id-!. . ihich extort a fmile, or raife a laugh ; pic.-, .titry s jocularity ; a trick, habit, or prac- tice. " Tlikc not the /j-vM'«r of lying." .ii.;/J. HU MORAL. Adj. [from honor \ proceed- H U N ing from humors redundant in the body. " Humoral fever." Harvey. HU'nORIST, S. {hiimor;f.s,Yv. humor}fce, Ital.J one who is greatly pleafed or difpleafed v\ith little thing'', and conJufts his anions not by reafon and the nature of things, but l)y caprice, fancy, or fome predominant pal- fion . HU'MOROUS, Adj. full of odd or comi- cal ideas and fentiments ; capricious ; with- out any rule but the prcftnt whim ; pleafant or jocular. PIU'MOROUSLY', Adv. in a jocofe or pleafant manner, fo as to extort a fmile, or raife a laugh ; with caprice or whim. HU'MORULSNESS, S. ficklenefs of tem- per ; a difpofition pleafed or offended with trifles. HU'MORSOME, Adj. eafily pleafed or difpleafed with trifles ; peevifli ; odd ; of a changeable difpoiition, or not pleafed long with anv thing. HU'MORSOMELY, Adv. in a peevifh manner; in llich a manner as to be pleafed or difpleal'jd with trifles, or not to be pleafed with any thing long. To HU'MOR, V. A. to plcafe or footh, by complying with a perfon's ruling paflion, or peculiar fihle. Figuratively, to fuit any defign in fuch a manner to an obflacle, as to make it rather an ornament than an impedi- ment. " The king has hui;:ored the genius " of the place." yJddif. To comply with. HUMP, S. [corrupted perh.aps t'loin iump] the fwcUing on a crooked back. HU'MP-BACK, S. a crooked back, or a back which has a kind of a bump or knob fwclling ahove the other parts of its furface. To HUNCH, v. N. in its primary fcnle, to give a blow with the fifl:. At prefent it fignifies to purti as with the elbow, " Thy " crooked mind within hunch'd out thy *' back." Dryd. HU'.MCH-BACKED, Adj. havinga hump, or crooked back. HU'NDRKD, Adj. [hurrd, Goth, and Sa.x.] hundrad, Ifl. | a number confifting of ten times ten. Siibll:antlvely,it implies adivilion of a country, perhaps fo called from containing a hundred fecurities for the king's peace, fronj hundred. Sax. a body of one hundred men. Likewife a mcafure or certain quantity of things j a hundred of jclt, at Amfterdam, ia 14 tons. A hundred of dccil boards conUa of fix-fcore, ;. e. 120, which is likewife called the lor^ hundred. HU^NDREDTH, Adj. {hunteonteogothay.^ Sax.] the ordinal of a hundred, or that which has ninety-nine plsced before it. HUNG, p.'eter and part. pafl. oi Hang. HU'NGARY, kingdom of, in Eui-ope, is by the Turks called Magiar, by the Sclavo- nians Wergierfka, by the Germans Ungern and Hungeiland, and by the Italians Ungha- ria, It has iis name of Flungary from the Huns> H XJ N HUN lliins, a Scythian or Tartar nation, who pof-j /»«/, Sax. a hound] to chafe wild animals ; f-fTeJ themfelves of tliis part of the country, i to purfue with dogs. Figuratively, to purfue when the whole was over- run by the barbarous or tc ilow clofe ; to fearch after ; to dirc<ft or northern na'ions, upon the decline of the I ma'age hounds in the chace. '^ He hurts a Roman empire. It lies between lat. 45 andj*' pack of dogs better." SpeH. 49 deg. N. and between long. 16 and 23 dtg. HUNT, S. a pack of hounds. " The E. In its ft^ite of prolperity, and when taken " common huv.t.''^ Diyd. A chace after wild in a larger fenfe, it included the prov-inces' animals. '■^ The hunt '\s uip." Skak , Purfuit. of Tranlylvjnia, even Moldavia, Sclavonia.j HU'NTER, S. [hurtta, Ifl.1 one who Croatia, Ualmatia, Bofaii, Servia, and others I chafes animals for pleafure orextrcife; a dog of lefs note, which were ail fubjeift to it j and that fcents. or is ufed in purfuing hearts of is the Lower Pannonia of the Romans. But prey; a fwift and (trong horfe that is fit to when taken in a more limited icnfe, it is bounded on the S. by the river Drave, or Draw, which divides it from Sclavonia ; to the £. by Servia j on tie N by Walachia, Tranfylvania, and the Cirpathinian moun- tains, the laft Separating it from Poland ; to theW. by Moravia, Auftria, and Stiria. Its di- menfions are varioufly given, Moll fays, that Hungary is 140 miles long, and 2^5 broad. It is divided into Upper and Lower Hungary : the Upper being that part beyond the Danube, towards Poland, Tranfylvania ; and the Lower on the S. W. f:de of the fdme river. The northern part of Hungary is mountain- ous and barren ; but the S. part is one con- tinued plain of about 30Q miles frcmPrefburg, the cipital, to Belgrade, being extremely fruit- ful, but abounding in morafles. Its moll: confiderable mountains are the Crapack or Carpathian, the general name for all thofe hills that feparatc this kingdom from Poland, Moravia, Silefia, and fome part of Auftria ; though the people that live near them call them by different names. Befides thefe there follow the chace. HU'NTINGDONT, anciently HU'NTES- DUNf or DOWU, a populous tradingtown, and the capital of the county of its name. It Hands on a fmall eminence, upon the N. fide of the river Oufe, over which is a frcc-ftonc bridge, and near it was formerly a caftle, which, wiili the borough, formerly belonged to David king of Scots which king Stephen granted him ; but the caftle was demolilhed iiy kinr; Henry II. in order to put an end to the competition about this earldom between the Scottilli kings and the family of St. Liz : yet the former iTill claimed it. This town is a great thoroughfare on the N. road, and tuU of very good inns. It js a ftrong pafs on the Oufe, and in the civil wars both parties thought it fo. This is theconftant place for the afljzes, as well as the county- gaol ; but conhlts principally of one long ftrcet, which is pretty well built, withahandfome market- place. It is governed by a mayor, who re- turns two rcprefentatives to parliament. Here is a good grammar- fchool ; and one Mr. are very few mountains or woods. In them Richard Filhbourne, of London, gave zocol are mines of gold, llivcr, copper, iron, vitriol fulphur, and pits of fait. No foil can be more fruitful, producing corn in fuck abun- dance, th^t it is faid to be fix times as cheap as in England; though generally much infe- rior to ours both in body and in quality. HU'NGER, [Sax. honger, Eelg.] the pain felt on fading long ; a dchre of food. Figu- ratively, any violent defire, to the town for charitable ufes. It had an- ciently fifteen churches, among which was an abbey built by the emprefs Muud. In latter times it had but four, and in ths civil wars thefe were reJuped to two, HU'NTINGDONSHIRE, one of the counties of England, fo called from the fhire town, on account of the conveniency of hunting in it, bcipg formerly one entire fo- To HU'NGER, V. N, to feel a pain on reft, till disforefted by Henry II, and III. long fafting ; to be defirous of eating. Figu- and Edward I. the latter leaving no more fo- ratively, to defire any thing with great ea-'reft in it than what was his own ground. On gernefs HU'NGER-BIT, or HU'NGER-BIT- TEN, Adj. pained or worn out for want of food. HU'NGERLY, Adj. hungry, wanting food or nourilliment. HU'NGERLY, or HU'NGRILY, Adv. with a keen appetite, or like a perfori who wanteth food. HU'NGRY, Adj. feel'ng pain for want of food ; wanting food ; lean for want of food. Figuratively, not fat, fruitful, or prolific. HUNKS, S. [/:u>i/.eryll\.] a perfon who is covetous of money, and fpends very little ; amifer. " A dofc ku ks." Spefiatcr.' To HUNT, V. A. [/.fc'w;^«, Sa>:. of the W.-and N. it is bounded by Northamp- tonlhire, being parted on the latter boundaiy by the river Avon or Nen. It has Bedford- fliire on the S. and CambriJgefhire on the E« from which laft it is moC.ly divided by the Oufe. It is not above twenty-five miles long, nor twenty broad. In this compafs it con- tains four hundreds, fix market towns, fc- venty-nine parifhcs, two piincipal rivers, naniciy the Oufe and the Nen, five bridges, 240,000 acre', and about 50,000 inhabitants. In the Jow lands are ih many mcers or lakes, and fc-ns, belides fmLilkr ftreams, that the air in gereral is neither pleafant nor falubri- ous : lor tl ough the fogs and exhalations a- rifing fom thefv; are not fo unwholfome as L 1 a tbojTe H U R tKofe of the ftr.gnatcd fa'.t- water in Efllx Kent, Siifrt.x, &c. yet they are always tknip, and often noxious, efpecially to ikangers ; tho'j;;h mo(\ of the inhahitunts are healthy, and many of them long lived. HU'N rUKSS, S. a woiinn that follows the chace, or pin fues animals for (port. HU'N SMAN, S. one who diverts him- f If in chafing animals ; a lervant who has tt-.e dirertion of a chace, HU'RPLE, S. [hyrd.l. Sax. kurde, Belg. and Teut. | in Hulbandry, frames of fplit timlitr, or hazel rods interwoven, or plaited toi'cther, to ferve for gates llieep-folds, or rooftop a gap in a hedge. In Fortification, ivvi;s of wiilows or ofiers inter woven togt- ihc', fuftained by flrong (lakes, fometimcs covered with earth, and ufed for ftrcngth-n- :'.n<» batteries, for makingapaflageover muddy ditches, for covering traverfes anddoJgmcnts from the ftones, (hot, &c. of the enemy. liUROS, S. See Hdrds. ToHL,:RL, V. A. [/v/5..-/f, Tfl.j to throw, rail or drive any thing with violence ; to ut- ter with vehemence, from huikr, Fr. to make a hideous or howling nolle. To play at cafling or hurling a ball, HU'RL-BONP".,"s. a bone near the mid die of the buttock of a hor(e, very eafily put out of its r>.ckct by a hurt or (train. HU'RLKR, S. one who plays at hurling a ball. This name is given to feventeen large Hones fet in a kind of a ftjuare, near St. Clare in Cornwall, from an old tradition thatlhcy are the bodies of men petrified for profaning t'lc i'abbath, by playing at hurling balls ; but whoever lias fcen Stonehinge, or read "Wormius's dillei ration on tlie Danilh anti- quities, would imiie at the funplicity of the relaters, and eafily fee that thefe (tones are feme funeral monument HL'RLY, or HU'RLY-Bl'RLY, S. a tumult, uproar, or budle. " 1 fee this ♦' hurls all on fiot " Sha.k. " All places «' were filled with tumult and i.Kyly-burly."' Knoll J, HU'RRICANR, or HURRICA'NO, .S. [huracan. Span. | a furious florm arifingfrom an oppofition of fovcral winds. To HIJ'RRY, V. A. [ha-g^an, Sax.] to drive fad ; to make a perfon quicken his pace, to do a thing in hafte. HU'RRY, S. a tumult ; a confufion at- tended with hafte ; a hady or violent emo- tion of mind. T&HL'Rr, V. A. [prefer, 1 hwr, com- pound pretcr, / ha-je hurt, part. pad. Luyt ; »if hyit, Six. hnirtcr, Fr. J to affecH: with pain ; to wound, to impair or damage. "Virtue " may be aiiiil'd, Sut never hurt." M'dt. HURT, S. damage; mifchief, or harm. A wounS or hruife, applied to the body. HU'i^CTFUL, Adj. mifchievous ; perni- cious ; afTcdi"^- a perfou with lofs, damages, or pain. H U S nU'RT FULLY, Adv. in a mifchievous or pernicious manner. To Hl'R FLE, V. N. {hnmer. Fr. urture, Ital.J to lliike or claQi ; to meet with a (hock, And cncouriter. " The noife of battle l.urtkd " in the air " Shok. Obfblere. 1:!L"RTLEBERRY, S. Ihkrt har, Dan.] the hilhcny. HU'RTLESS, Adj. without injury or do- ing harm ; innocent ; harmlefs. IfU'SBAND, S. (from /.^/j. Sax. a houfe, and I anda, Run. a mafter] a m.m married ii> a woman. Figuratively, an cect^nomid, or one who underdands and praftifts frugality; a farmer, or tiller of gr.aind. " The painful " /';//?'i?n^ plowing up liis giound." Dryd. lo HU'SBAND, V A. to marry, or fup- ply with an hulhand ; to manage with fruga- lity ; to till or cultivate ground. " A farmcif " cannot £i(//?'(2n</ his ground." Fac. HU'SBANDLESS, Adj. uijhout a huf- band. H'J'SBANDLY, Adv. in a fnigal or thrif- ty manner. HU'SBANDRY, S. tillage, or the acfl of cultivating land , parfimonv, or a careful ma- nagement of money or time; the care of a family. HL'SII, Interj. [formed from the found] be filent. HUSj-[, Adj. filent, quif t, or dill, general- ly ufed in a comparative fenfe. " As h:'jh <' as death." Sl.ak, To HUSH, V. A. to dill ; to filencc ; to i^uitt ; to appeafe. HU'SK-MONEY, S. money given to difla evidence, or hinder information. HUSK, S. \/.u/dfh, Belg.] the outmofi covering of fruit or corn. To HUSK, V. A. to drip off the out- ward covering from corn or fruit. HU'SKED, Adj. bearing or covered with a hulk or hull. HU',SKY, Adj, abounding in, or confiding I of, hulks. 1 HU'SSY, S. [a corruption of liifivife, ufcj in an ill fenfe] a bad manager, a bad or wanton woman. HU'STiNGS, S. [Lufirge, Sax.] a court of Common Pleas held before the lord-mayor and aldermen, at Guildhall, London. Jt is the principal and highed court belonging to the citv, and exifted fo early as the reign of Edward the ConfefTcr. To HU'STLE, V. A. to (liakc together. HU'S\^'IFE, S. [hij'iu[f. Sax. from bus, Sax. a houfc, and idf. Sax. a woman or wife] a woman that is cither a bad manager, or a perfon of infinipus chara<fter ; an occo- nomift, or a woman that condufts the alfair.s of a family with frugahty. " J he bounte- " ous f'tifivife, nature. ^7'^.^. Johnfon ob- fcrves, that it is common to ufe Ij'.ujcivife in a good fcnil", but lujiv'ife or hi'Jj'y in a bad one. I To H Y D To HU'S'.VIFE, V. A. to manage with oeconomy aiul frugality. HU'SWIFERY, S; management of houfe- holJ affairs ; minagement of fiich branches of farming as fall within the province of women. HU I", S. [liuttc, Sax.] a low, mean, and poor cotbge. HUTCH, S. Ikuche, Fr. hiv^ca. Sax.] a corn cheft ; a kind of hoiife, with a wired door, otherwifc refeaibling a cheft, ufeJ to keep rabbits in, 'lo HL'ZZ, V. N. [from the foimd] to buzz or murn;iir. HUZZA' Jiitcrj. a Ihout or cry of joy. To HUZZA, V. N. to mike a (hoiit of joy. Adively, to receive with fliouts of joy, or acclamations. HY'ACIN TH, S. \!j^achiihus, Lat jadn- tie, Fr.] in Botany, a .Hower. Among jew- ellers, a gem of t!ie hze of a nut-meg, of va- rious degrees of dcepnefs and paler. efs, but always of a dcadilh red, with a mixture of yellow. HY'ACINTHINF, Adj. [uaxcAvc;, Gr.J made of hyacinths ; yellovv, or of the colour of hyacinths. HY'ADS, or HY'ADES, S.[of i/aSsf, Gr.] a conftellation of feven ftars in the Bull's head, the principal of which, CaWci yiL'tta- ran, by the Arabs^ is in the Bull's left eye. They are famous among the ancient poets for bringing rain. HY'ALINE, Adj. [v^iXm?, Gr.] glafly ; cry'bllint ; made of, or refembling glafs. t'fed Aihftaniively by Milton, " on the clear *' hy-'iUne, ihe glady Tea." Par.LoJl. HY'BRIDOUS, Adj. [hyirlda, Lat. y^f'?, Gr. j begotten between animals of a different fpecies. HYDA'TIDK«, S. in Medicine, little ti-nnfparent bladdeis of watei- in any part of the bo<jy. HYDRA, S. [Lat. from fJuj, Gr.] a kind of water Inake, feigned to have many heads, which grew again when cut off. In Aftronomy, a fouthern conftellation confift- ing of i6 fins. HY'DRAGOGUFS, S. t.?*j, and ctyoo, Gr.J fiich medicines as occafion the difcharge of watery humours. HYDRAU'LIC, or HY'DRAULICAL, Adj. Tfrom hydrjUci] relating lo the convey- ance of water by pipes. HYDRAU'LICS, S. [uKj, and ai^oi, Gr.J in its primary fenfc, the fcitr.ce of the mo- tion of water or fluids through pipes ; hue at prcfent extended not only to the conducting and r.iifing of waier, the conTlruifting of en- gines for that purpoie, but likewife the laws of the motion of fiuid bodies HYDRO'CtLK, S. [of iJir?, and xnU, Gr. 1 a watery rupture, fituatcd in the fcrotum, or gr^in. ilYDROCETHALUS, S. [from iJ-,^ and HYP KE^stXij, Gr.] in Medicine, a wate.'-y head, or dropfy in the head. HYDRO'GRAPHER, S. [from uTo.,^, and j/^acjjs;, Gr.J one that makes maps or charts of the iea. HYDRO'GRAPHY,S.[SeeFj^ro^r^;,^f;-] :he art of defcribing or drawin" maps or cliaits of the fe.i. ^ HY'DROMANpY, S. [hydromattne, Fr.] the aft or art of foretelling future events by means of water. HY'DROMEL, S. rof:.-^4;f,and^j?a, Gr j mcud, or a drink made of honey diluted with water, and ie.mented by a long and genib heat. HY'DROMKTER, S. [of vlcco, and (j^c T^cy, Gr.] an inflrumcnt to meafure the gra- vity, denfity, vclocityj and other properties of water. HY'DROMETRY, S. [Stc Hydron:ctey-\ the aift or art of meafuring the gr.ivity, and other properties of water. HY 'ROPHOBIA, S. [lydroplohte, Fr. of vl-ji^ and <f sSji, Gr.] in i\ledicine, an aver- lion or dread of water ; a dangerous fymptom attc.Tdiiig perfons bit by a mad dog. HY'iiROPlC, or HYDROPICAL, Adj. [hydropique, Fr. hydrspic:-!, Lat.] droplii-^1, or affc<fied wiih the dropfy. See Dropfy. HYDROS TA' ; ICAL, S. [from oyd,-fta- tks] relating to, or taught by hydroftatics HYDROSTA'TICS,S.[ofi;Ja'^andraT.>-.-., Gr ] that part of mechanics which confidos the weight of gravity of fluids, or of IbllJ bodies imrnerged or placed in them. HYDRO' TIC, _S. {lydror,q,n; Fr. of y'aof, Gr.] a medicine which purges water or phlegm, and caiifcs fweating. HY'EN, or HYE'NA, ^:^hyeKe,Yr. lyara, Lat.] a wild beaft of a darkiih grty colour, fpotted uith black, refembling a wolf, rec- koned untjmeable, and I'eported to imitate a human voice, in order to feduce its prey. HYGN.O'MEIER. S. [oft/^jc-and fxt- T^'ct, Gr.] a machine or inftrument ufed to meafure the degrees of moillure of the air. HY'GROSeOPE, S. [from i,y^oi :.nd (TKoniM, Gr.] an inflrument to ftiew ti>c diflercnt degrees of moifture or dryncfs of the air. HY'MEN, S. [vfAny, Gr.] the god of marriage. Figuratively, marriage. In Ana- tomy, the virginal membrane HYMENE'AL, or HYMENEAN, Adj. relating or belonging to marriage. HYMN, S. [hyu.r.c, Fr. lymer.e, Sax.] a religious fong or ode. 7o HYMN. V. A. [t//xvc-4>, Gr ] to prol/b in fong<:. Neutcrly, to fing- religious longs in worlhip. To liYP, V. A, [contrafted from lypo- chondilac] to Jifpirit, or make melancholy. HYPA'LAGE, S. [from vTta>.-Ka.-f,o>, Gr.] a figure in Rhetoric, wherein words ch.inges cjfcs with each otb.er ; as in Diirc chjf-.iui L 1 3 -atijlrcs. HYP I aullros. Where clajpbus is the dative inftead I lent rumblings in the intedines are conTider- of aifjlro!, the grammatica! fenfe and con- ed, it is then named ihci/afiours. Uraiv.on being Dare clajics at^/lii:. H^'POCIST, S. \hyj.ccljle, Fr. of vmt- •HY'PER, lavfcord curtailed fronr hyfer-\tiKoq, Cx.] in T.Iedicinc, an inTpiirated juice critic] a pcrfon more critical than he need to ot" a fine fhining biacii colour when broken, be. " Critics I read on other men — and con fiderably hard and heavy, exprclTed from " hypers upon them." Piior. HYi^E'KBOLA, S. [hylerholc, Fr.] in Geometry, a curve line, formed by the fec- tion of a cone. HYPE'RBOLR, S. [Fr. wt,-, and ^a^Xoi, the fruit oi a plant of the fame name, and brought from the Levant. It is a ftrong artrin[;ent, and is uftd in the thtriaca. HYFO'CRISY, S. [kypurifie, Fr.l the a(fl of counterfeiting religion or virtue, in Gr I a figure in Rhetoric, whereby any thing orJcr to pafs tor religious and good, without is incrcafed or dim.nilbd beyond the exaft j really being either. truth ; as in the following fentcnccj " He " wai o :'aunt, the cafe of a fl^gelet was a " nianfion for him." Shak. HYPERbO'LiC, or H VPERB'OLTCAL, Adj. [by^irbolique, Fr.J in Ge-.mctry, be- longing iii or having the properties of an hy- perbola. In Rhetoric, extenuating or ex- ag-'eratin^ beyond the truth. HYPlRGO'LICALLY, Adv. in the form , or aftci the manner of an hyperbola. In Rhetoric, in fuch a manner as to extenuate or exaggerate beyond the truth. HYPERBO'REAN, Adj. [hyperhcnen, Fr. byperi areas, Lat.J northern. HYPERCRl'TIC, S. [hyper critique, Fr.] a perfon who criticifes or cenfures with too great nicety and rigour. See Hyper. KVPERCRI'TICaL, Adj. critical be- yond meafuiC. HYPERME'TER, S. [of WE^and fj-n^ov, Gr.J any thing beyond or greater than the ftandard requires ; any thing beyond a lule, or the ufual mcaiure. " When a man rifes «' beyond fix feet, he is an iypcrn:cter." Guard. HYPERSA'RCOSIS, S. [Gr. of i-wij, and erafnc^, Gr.] in Surgery, the growth of fun- gous fle(h. HY'PHEN, S. [vifr.M, Gr.] in Grammar and Printing, a fhort line drawn between fyl- hble or compound words, and iiiewing that they are to be joined, as in God-bead, ever- liv.r.g, &c. HYPMO'TIC, S. [from vTn'o;, Gr.] any medicine that procures or induces lieep. HYPOCHON'DRES, S. [bvpociondre,¥r. vrnX'-'h'"'', Gr.] the two regions lying on each fide the cartilago enfiformis, thoie of the ribs and the tip of the bread, one of which contains ihe liver, and the other the fpleen . HYPOCHO'NDRIAC, or HYPOCHON- DRIACAL, Adj. melancholy; difordered in mind ; producing melancholy. The hy- pachcr.drla-pafwn, is a difeafe which affefts the hypochondres, and.occafions melancholy, or difordered imagination, and is varioufiy named according to its fituation ; when feated in the hypochondres, arifmg from fome diforder of the parts contained therein, it is properly called the bypochondriac-pajjlcn, contra^edly, the byp, the fpleen, &c. and when the fiatu- HY'PCCRITE, S. [lwcx^itkc, Gr.] one who affects the external appearance of religion or morjhty, purely to gain the good opinion of others, without being really either devout or moral. HYPOCRI'TICAL, Adj.difTcmbling ; af- feaed HYPOCRI'TICALLY, Adv. in a diflem- . bling infincere manner. HYPOSTASIS, S [hpo/lafe, Fr.] a dif- uuCt fubftance. In Divinity, perfonality ufcd in fpeaking of the dod^trine of the Holy Tri- nity. HYPOSTA'TICAL, Adj. [lypojiatique^ Fr.] in Chemillry, conflituting as di(lin<ft principles. In Divinity, perfonal. The hy- pojlatical union, is the union of the human liature svith the divine HYPOTHENU'SE, S. [bypcte,^ufe, Fr. of uTToSEivoKj-a, Gr.] the longcft' lide of a right angled triangle, or that fide whicli fubtends or is under and oppofite to the right angle. HYPO'THESIS, S. [Gr.] a fyliem form- ed on fome principle not ukd, and laid down from the i.iijgination, to account for fome pjiscnomena ; a fuppofition. HYPOTHETIC, or HYPOTHE'TI- CAL ; Adj.l.bypotkerique, Fr.] including a fup» pofition conditional, oppofite to pof.tl-ve. HYPOTPIE'TICALLY, Adv. upon fup- pofition conditionally. HY'SSOP, S. [hyj'op, Sax. kyffope, Fr. hykpus, Lat.] in Botany, the branches were uftd by the Jews to fprinkle with in purifica- tions, to which the Scriptures alluded in fevc- ral places. HYSTE'RIC, or HISTERICAL, S. {l]j}.;\ciiu, Fr. j troubled with fits. afTcaed \\\\\\ difordcrs in the womb; proceeding from difordcrs in the womb, HYSTE'RICS, S. [trf^.x;?, of yrE?«, Gr.] fits of women, fuppofed tu proceed fiom dif- ordcrs in the womb ; medicines given to cure the hylferics. I. Is the ninth letter of theEnglifh alpha- bet, confidered both .is a vowel and confonant, and agreeable to that diffe- rence' is written orpriuted in a different form, Uie I J A C JAM the confonant being produced below tlie line j plays tricks and other pleafantrics, in order thus J ; init the vowel ftanding even with to divert a mob. the other letters. The confonant is called a jod, which is the name by which the Hebrew is called : in forne words it is founded like a foft ^, as in Jew, jeji. The I vowel has two founds, I ft long, which is generally noted by an f final, zi, m lu'ne •, zdlyfhort, as in thin. When placed before e, it makes a dipthong of the fame found as a double e, as in J}. Id, pronounced yi't'A/'. After o it makes a mingled found compofed of that oF the two vo\,v£ls, as in coil, coin. It vvas formerly a numeral letter fignifying too, ]jut at prefent is iifed to denote an uiiit or one. I, Pronoun perfonal [of;/, Goth, ic. Sax or ich, Kelg.] ufed by a perfon when fpcakirtg of, or afcribing an a(f\ion to himfelf. Some- t.mes it is ufcd in Head of ay, yea, or yes ; from ia. Sax. *' 7, Sir, Ihe took tliem, and read . " them in my prefence." Sluik. To JA'RBER, V. N. [m/w, Yr. ^rMare, Ital.] to talk idly, or ^vithout thinking ; to prate or cliatter ; to talk inarticulately., fo as not to be underllood. JA'BBERER, S, one who talks too fift, or fo inarticulately as not to be uiiderlfood. JA'CENT, Adj. [jjcens, Lat.] lying at length.. " In the jacent poflrure." Wttton. JACK, S. [the di.iiinutive of John] a ge- neral term of contempt for a faucy or paltry perfon. " Thefe brag'^ing yacks." Sb k- The inftrument with whicii boots ars pulled off, or fpfts 5.rc turned; a young pike, ap- plied to fiiTi. In Mufic, a piece of box fitted with a quill, which, being moved by finger- ing the pieces of ivory, moves againft the wire, and founds a fpinnc t or harpficliord, C^c. Joined to the names of animals, when both fexes are fignified by one word, it implies the male, as zj,'.ck-afi ; a fmall bowl. JACK-AL, S. [chacal, Fr.J a fmall ani- Bna!, faid to ftart prey for a lion. JACK- A-LAN THORN, S. [for Jack luitb a lanthorn, becaufe it refemlilcs a peifon going with a lanthorn and candle] a fiery ntteor, which refembles the liglu of a can- idle at a diftance j the reflcdion of the fun .fceams thrown by means of a looking-glafs upon a wall. JACKANAPES, S. a monkey or ape. Fi- guratively, a coxcomb, or pert, imperuncnt fellow. JA'CKBOOTS, S. large thick boots, ufed by the horfe of an army to defend the legs. JA'CKDAW, S. a blackiOi bird, taught to imitate the human voice. JA'CKET, S. \jaqvcttc, Fr. jacke, Teut.] a fhort coat, or kind of waidcoyt, worn iiy women fortheupper pattof theirridingdrefs, (Sc. To beat oni s jacket, is to threlh or beat a perfon. JA'CK KETCH, S. a name given by the vulgir to the public hangman or cxcutioner. JA'CK-PUDDING, S, a perfon who J JA'COB's STAFF, S. \ Jacob' s-jiab,Ttnt.] a pilgrim's ftjff, fo called, from the pilgri- mages made to St. James at Compolielh. In Aftronomy. a crofs ftafT, ufed for taking heights, fo called, in allufion to the ladder in Jacob's dream. JACULA'TION, S. [jaculatio,oijacukr, Lat. I the ad of tli rowing a dart or other miffive weapon. " Hurl d to and fro with " jaculations dire." Par. Loft, JADE, S. [from g^iad. Sax.] a horfe of no fpirit or value ; a hired liorfe. Figura- tively, a woman of bad chirailter; generally ufed as a term of contempt, noting fometimcs age, generally vice : but when applied to a young woman, it exprclles rather irony than reproach. In Natural Hidory, a fpecies of jafper, of extreme hardnefs, of a colour com- pofed of a pale bluilh grey, or afh colour, and a pale green intermixed. To JADE, V. N. to tireormake we.iry } to overbear or harrafs like a horfe that is over- ridden. " Taus jaded by apiece ot fcirlet." Shak. To ride or tyrannize over. " To let " imagination jade me." iibuk. JA'DISH, Adj. ufed with Cr/V^, mifchie- vous, applied to the qu-ility of a vitious horfe. Unchafte, applied to wom.^n. To JAG, V. A. {gacgan, lirit J to hack or cut into flits and notches, like the teeth of a faw. J. AG, S. any thing refembling the teeth of a faw ; an cfcallop. JA'GGY, Adj. of an uneven furface, having extremities refembling the teeth of a faw. JA'GGEDNESS, S. imevennefs at the extremity ; having its extremities refembling the teeth of a faw. J AIL, S. [formerly written jnc/e, 6?gcol, Fr. See Cdo/J a place where criminals or debtors are confined. JAIL-BIRI), S. a peifon who has been confined in a prifon for fome crime. J A'lLER, S. one who has tlie care of a prifon. JAKE'S, S. [of uncertain etymo'ogy] a place where perfons anfwer the calls of na- ture, and depofite their excrements, called by London ners an hcufe of cjjlce. JA'LLAP, S. [Fr. jalapium, low Lat.j a firm and folid root of a wiiukled furiaee, a faintilh fmell, ^nd acrid tafle. It is aa ex- cellent purge in all cafes where fcrou.^ Iiumours. are to be evacuated, was not known in Eu- rope till after the difcovery of America, and received its name Jolap or Jalop from Xabfa, a town in New Spain, near which it was difcoVered. JAM, S. [the etymology unknown] a t.irt, or conferve of fruits boiled with fiigar and water. " A rafpbcrry jam,'^ JA'MAICA, S. one of ilic Greater An- L i 4 tilles JAN I C E fillc? nC the Weft Indies and in tlie Atlan-i JA'NUARY. S. [yanuarhs, Lit.] the firO tic ocean, in North America. This ifland month of the year, fo named from Janus, bivin^ been difcavcred in 1493, by CoIlihi- to wliom it was indicated by the ancient bus, in h"s fecond voyage to the V/eft Indies, Romans. lie changed the n.ime Jamiici to St. ]agf>, JA!\'VN, S. [from ^.7/»a« in Afia, where vh'.ch it retained while in the han is of the tlii.s kind of work was ori;;inally done] wood Spaniards for 150 years, durinp; which tim? varniilied and raifed in fi;^ures, painted in they deftioyeJ moft of the natives ; but utter gold andotiier colours. Figuratively, china, they were difpodeiTed by the Englith, it re- covered its old appellation. It lies between ht. 17 and nearly 19 deg. N- imi between long, 76 and 79 deg. W. It is in length ^'rom E to W. 140 EngliHi miles, and about <5n in breadth I'rom N. to S. Its form is ovah This country is jnterfeclcd from E. to W . with 3 ridge of lofty mountains, rugged and rocky, which are called the blue mountains ; on each fide of thefe are chains of fi:iili<;r mountains, gradually lower. The larger riionntains arc little better than fo many Tocks ; and where there is any eirrh, it is only a ftubbr.rn clay. The mountains are Vsry fteep, and the rocks tumbled upon one nnother ttupendouflv, occafi.ined by the fre- quent earthqu''.kes which have fliiken this jiland in all times ; yet bare of earth as they •dre, they ;\reali covered to the very top with it great variety of beautiful trees, flocrifhing as it were in a perpetual fpving, from the f.iins frcquentlv falling;, and the mifcs per- petually brooding upon them. The rocks are the parent.-; of about 100 fine rivulets, v^'hich tumble down their fides in catarafts, forming amid'.i the precipices and verdure of the trees, a wildly plealing imagery, and car- ryingd.own with its torrent (lones and timber ; hut none of them are navigable. T his iflind j.-i of nreat importance to the crown of Gre^t Rritain, not only fur its trade, but for its fite or fine japanned porcelaine. To JAl'A'N, S. tovarnifh, or embelliOi with figure; ghzed with varnifli. J \l^ A'N SER, S. one ikllled in varnilhing. To JAR, [from ecrrr, Sax. guenc, Fr j to ftrike together with a kind of a fliort rat- tling ; to mike a difagrecable harQi tone. Figuratively, to clafh, interfere, aft in oppo- fitlon, or be inconfiftent ; to quarrel or dif- pute. JAR, S. a difagreeable, harfh, untuneable found. Figuratively, a quarrel, or (late of difcord. A dcoi- left a jar, is a door left half open ; an earthen vefTel. JARGON, S. [¥t. gerkonca, Span.] in- articulate and unintelligible talk ; the ufe of words without ideas. JA'SMIN'E, S. [jaftnh, Fr. it is com- monly pronounced jejfan-.ir.e] a tree with nar- row fpear-fhaped leaves, bearing a white fweet-fcenied flower. JA'SPER, S [jajpe, Tr.jafph, Lit.] a hard ftone, of a bright, beautiful, green co- lour, fometimes clouded with white, found in many parts of the Eaft Indies, (Sc. in mafles of various fizes. JA'V'£LIN,S.f javeiine,¥r.jaz>eri«a,Spdin.^ a fpear or lialf pike, with an iron point- ed head ; formerly ufed either by foot or horfe. lAU'NDICE, S. [jaur]p, oi iaune, Fr. in the very heart of the Spanifli acquifitions yellow] in Medicine, a difeafe arifing from a ;;! America ; fo that no vefiel can come to vitiated frjte of the blood and humours by an or go from the continent, but m\\{\ neceflarily | excrementitious bile, fiom a fault of the bi fail within fight of Jamaica. It abounds witli '■ - ^ J--^- •■'•■ :":—: '— e.,„i\: — ^ „ teveral fine bays, which are convenient and life for any number of fnipping. JA'MB, S. [jai!ibe, Yr. jamhics. Span.] any Uipporter, particularly applied to thofc on each fide a door, Sff. lA'MBfC, S. \iamh^us, Yv.jambicus, Lat ] verfes compofed of iambic feet, or a lliort and long fyllable': pnd being generally ufed in fatyricalcompofitions, is applied figurarive- iyto figni,-y f.uire. " In keen iamhia.'''' Dryd To JANGLE, V. A. [jargkr, Fr. ] to quarrel, or bicker in words j to make an un- luncable found. JA'NGLER, S. a quanelfome, noify, prattlino fellow. , JA'NIZARY, S. [from gemtchert, Turk.] an order of foot foldierc in the Turkifh ar- mies, reputed the foot guirdi of the grand fcignio ous du£ts, greatly injuring the funflions of the body, and rendering the Ikin of a yellow colour. JAU'NTDICED, Adj. afTcaedwith the jaun- dice. To JAUNT, V- N. [jantcr, Fr.] to wan- der about. J.AUNT, S. a ramble, flight, or excurfion, JAU'NriNESS, .S. ['t.tcjavty] airinefs ; a Inofe and carelefs air; genteelnefs. JAVV, S. the bone ill the mouth in which the teeth are fixed. Figuratively, the mouth ; a term of contempt. JAY, S. [fo named from his cry] a bird about the fize of a pigeon, wMth blue feathtrs on its wings, and of a kind of light brown or clay colour on its bre-jft. JA'ZEL, S. a precious ftone of an azure or blue colour. ICE, S. [of /i, Sax.] water or other liquor J.ANTY, or JAUNTY, Adj. [corrupted frozen hard by cold ; fugar melted and grown from gentilj Fr.J fhowy ; or carelefly adorn- hard afterwards. To break the ice, is to m,ike eJ. *'■ hjamy\[iX.wti" Sptdatsr, the firft opeaing to any attempt. To I c o To ICE, V. A. to iVeeic water h..rd j to| Cover wUh ice or concrct-^d fiigar. rCEMOUSE, S. a houfc in which ice is pjefervcd for ufe in the iiot feafon. rCELAND, S. in LmnlJlandM, f-) called from its extieme colJnefs, a larg^ ill.inJ in the northern ocean, belonging to Denmirk. It lies between lat. 64. an.i 67 deg. fo that the Artie circle paflis throu^^ii its norihern parts j and between long. 10 and zy deg. W. ab'jut 500 miles W. of Norway, and nearly the fame from the mod northern ifles of Scotland. Its governor or viceroy leiides at fort Cellelhd, on the S. W. part ot the ifhnd. In the N. part of this ilbnd, for two months, namely, while the fun is in Gemini and Cancer, it never goes entirely below the horizon ; and one half of it remains above theJame during the longeft day, from ten at night till two ini ifling in the mind I D L ICO'NOCLAST, S. [kcrocbftr, Fr, of sii-.ajvand y.XxM, Gr.] a breaker of images. ICTE'RICAL, Adj. [klerkia, Lat.] af- fefted with the jaundice. Good again il the jaundice, applied to medicines. I'CY, Adj. full of, or covered with ice. Figuratively, cold, applied to the touch. Frolfy, applied to the weather. Not warm; free from paffion, applied to the mind, I'D, contracfcd from I -would. IDE'A, S. {idee, Fr. .V., Gr ] whatfo- ever the mind perceives in itfe.f, or is the immediate objedl: of perception, thought, or uaderftanding J the form under which any thing appears to the mind, or the ohjeft oa which the mind is employed when thinkings a n')tion. IDE'AL, Adj. mental J intelle£>ual 5 ex- the morning, wlien it rifcs quite above th horizon. And about the winter-folHice, while the fun is in Sagittarius and Cajnicorn, that is, for tlie fpace of two monihs, it dot-s not rife entirely ubove the horizon ; but one halt' of it is only to be feen from ten in the morn- ing till two in rhe afternoon, when it fetsen- tifsly. T he natives live in little huts covered with turf, and half under ground. The cold is very intenfe; between which and fimimer is a fhort fpring and autumn ; and yet tlie foil js faid n'>t to be fo barren as that of IVorway under the finne parallel ; and atfords fome padure for cattle. The heat in lumnjer, for the ftiort time it lafts, is very conliderabJe ; the fun being only between three and four hoars under the horizon. ICB'DIEN, S. [I Ja-vc, from the Tent. or Sax. ] the motto of the Prince of Wales, formerly that of John king of Bohemia on his (hield, to denote that he was fubfcivient to Phihp king of France, wliofe pay he re- ceived, but being flain by Edward tlie black prince, the fon of Edward III, he then af- Itimed the motto, to denote his obedience to his^ father ; (ince which it has always been borne by tlic prince of Wales, ICHNEU'MON,S.[i;)(;veu^c,v, Gr.Jafmall animal remarkable for its antipathy to the crocodile, whofe eggs it breaks. "\'\\ckhyieu- monjly., is a fly which is bred in the body of caterpillars, and is fo called in allufion to the report that the ichneumon gets down the throat of the crocodile, and eats its way out through the crocodile's belly. ^ ICHNOGRA'PHY, S. [from t^,^-, and ypa^a, Gr.] in Perfpe(flive, the view of any thing cut off by a plane parallel to the hori- zon, jud at the bottom of it. I'CICLE, S. [from fi-f] a fhoot or thread of ice hanging down from any high place. I'CINESS, S. the ilate of water grown h'^ird by cold. I'CON, S. [eiHav, Gr.] a pidlure, rcfcm- blance, pourtrait, or rcprefcntation ; an jman-. IDE'ALEY, Adv. mentally j in the mind. IDE'NTIC, or IDi:'NTICAL,Adj.ii^f;; t'ttjue, Fr.] the fime ; imj. lying the fame tlung, or the fiimeidca. ibt'NTiry, S. [;,/,,../>/, Fr.] famenefs; that by which a thing is itfjlf, ur by whiclj it is dillinguifhed from any other. IDES, S. [idiis, Lat. J a term anciently ufed to diniufiuifii time; it fell on the i3tbL of every month, excepting in March, July, Oftober, in which ic is the nth, becaufe ia thofe months it was fix days before the nones, but in the otheisonly four, I'DIOM, S. [ulmre, Fr. <^i»,ua, Gr.] a manner of fpeaking, orphrafc peculiar to any particular language. IDIOMA'lIC, or "IDIOMA'TICAL, Adj. peculiirtoa language. JDIOSY'NGRACY, S. [from iho;, c-w, and xpao-»:;, Gr.J a difpofition or temper pe- culiar to a perfon. IDFOT, S. [idiote, Fr. idiota, Lat.] a changeling, or one who has not the ufe of reafon. I'DIOTISM, S. [idhtijme, Fr. oi.t^, Gr.] folly, weaknefs of underltanding, or wantof reafon, I'DLE, Adj. [ldc!,ydeh Sax.] lazy; averfc to labour, or unemployed, applied to pcrfons. Ufelefs; vain ; inetlc<ftual ; v.orthlcfs, applied to things. Trifling, or of no importance, applied to narratives or difcourfes. Idle for- merly was ufed to fignify wicked, as in Spen- fer, where tlie wicked offers of Mammon are called " idle offers." I'DLFR, S. a perfon who pades his time in idlenefs, or without employment. To I'DLE, V. N. to pafs time in !aziacf«, or without employment. I'DLENESS, i;. [hU,:cf; Sax.] averfioa to labour; want of employment. ID'LY, Adv. lazily; in a foolifli or trifling manner; without care, attention, or profit. " I idly heard '' SU,k. Without cfloa ; in vain. •' Ceafe to birk any longer ;V/;)'again'' " the trath." Hcoker, I'DOL, J E J TDOL, S. [idok. Fr, idoium, Lat. eiJuXor, Gr. J an image woiihipptd as a god ; a coun- terfeit image or rerembidiicc : hence tlieworJ dol, tor a jointed image played -vvich by Ciiil- dren. A pei-roii loved or refpcded to adora- ration. '• The p^opk's ,Vo/." Dcnham. IDO'LATER, S. \\dolatre, Fr. idolatra, Lat.j one who p:iys divine worlliip to images, or transfers the homage, due to the Creator, unto a creature. IDCyLATRIZE, V. A. to honour idols wth divi-e worlhip. IDO'LATROUS, Adj. tending to idola- try, or transferring the honour and wordiip due to God unto other things. IDCLATRY, S [ido/atne, Fr. idJatna, Lat. See Idolater] the worlhip of images, the aft of making any image to reprcfent the Deity ; an inordiaaie love or reipeft for any ptrfon or creature. I'DOLIST, S. a wordiipperof imagesor falfe gods : a poetical word, •' IdoHfn and «« atl.eifts." M:i!^:i. To I'DOLIZE, V. A. to love or reve- rence any thing or per.'on to an excefs ap- pro.iching to adoration. I'OYL, S, [eifyXXuv, GrAdyllum, Lat. J a fhort poem. I. K. an abbreviature for id eji, Lat. that is ; that is to lly. JEA'LOUS, Adj. [pronrunced;//o7i, jj- loiix, Fr.g:Iclj, Ital.j fufpicious of not being equally beloved by one whom one loves ; fuf- picious of the (iiicerity or' a married perfoii's affctlions ; fond ; emulous, or profecuting with a kind of rivallliip ; full of fufpicion. JE.A'LO'JiLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to betray fufpicion of the fmcerity of a lover or married perfcn ; extremely cautious, vigi- lant, or zealous. JE.A'LOUSY, S. [ji2hufie,¥r.] a (late of mind wherein a lever imagines himjVlf not equally beloved, or a manicd perfoa who fuf- pefts the hufband or wife not faithful to ihc marriage bed ; a fui^Mcious fear. To JEER, V. N. to feoff; to mock ; to rally, or treat with ridicule, JEER, S. an exprefllon wherein a perfon is ridiculed and rendered angry ; a difplealing jeft or fcofT. JEE'RER, S, one who fco.^i or mocks a perfon ; one who treats another with ridicule anddifpleafingjeds. JEE'RINGLY, Adv. in a fcornful or con- temptuous manner 3 with a fly and oHenfive jeft. JEHO'VAH, S. the proper name of God in the Hebrew. The Jews pretend that the true pronunciation of this name is unknown cither to men or angels, and therefore in the Maforette bibles it is pointed and pronounced as if Elohim. . JEJUNA'TION, S. falling; abftaming from eaiing. . jEjL'NE, Adj. [/';■'.'««-', Lat.] wanting,! J E R empty, or void. " Jejune of Ipirit." Ba,-:i>t. I'urc, void of mixture, elemental. " "Jcfum, " or limpid water." Bro-wn. Dry, unaifctl- ing, or void of the ornaments of rhetoric, ap- plied to ftile. JEfU'NENESS, S. penury, poverty, or v.-ant of fpirit, applied to bodies. Drynefs, or wanting matter and embellilhments to engage the attention and pleafethe mind, applied to (Hie or litsr.-.ry compofitions. JE'LLY, S. See Gelly, which is the proper fpelling. JE'NNET. See Gennet. ToJE'OPARD, V.A. [pronounced ;V>a;v/, in this and othci words from the fame Oiigi- nal. See Jeopardy \ to hazard or ex pole to danger. " Thit jeoparded their lives." "T^ude v. I 8. Ufed only in divinity. J?:'OPARDOUS, Adj. expofed to hazard or dinger. Jt'OFARDY", S. [pronounced jepardy, from /.I i, oTJeu purdue, Fr.J hazard, or a flate wherein a perfon is expofed to extreme danger. " Were m jeopardy.'" Luke viii. 25. JE'RICHO, S.once a large, populous, and royal city of Juda;a, in Aliatjc Turky. It lies in a wide and fertile plain. It was the firlt city Joihua took after crolTing the Jordan, from which it lay fix miles W. Here Herod had a magnilicent palace, where he caufed the high- pried Ariftobulus to be fmothered in a buih. Our bltfTcd Saviour often vifited it j and here he was nobly entertained by Zaccheus, Among the great variety of trtcs and plants that grew in the plains of Jericho, the rofe called by itb name has been often celebrated, both by tlie ancient and modern travellers ; alfo the famous balm-tree was produced in this neighbourhood. Jericho, as moft of the places in Pa efline, is now greatly reduced from its former fplendor. It lies twenty-three miles nlmoft E. from Jerufalem. To JB:RK, V. A. to ftrike with a quick and violent blow. JERK, S. a blow given with a kind of a fpring and forcible quicknefs ja fuddcn fpringj aquickjok iliat lhocks,flarts. "Lobfters fwim '• backwards by jerks or fprings." Greiu. JER'KEN, ii. [a diminutive of i;)ir/r/,Sax.] a jacket, Ihort coat, or clofc waiflcoat. JER'SEY, S, one of the iftands and old re- mains of the duchy of Normandy, in France, belonging everfince the conquelt to the Eng- lilh crown. It lies in the Enghlh channel, pretty near the coafl: of France. This, with tiie other iilcs of Guernfey, Alderney, and Sarke, from being members of the biihopric of Coutance, in Normandy, were transferred from that diocefe to VVincheftcr, by the pope's bull in 1499, and further annexed to the lat- ter fee by queen Elizabeth : and confequently may be reckoned a part of Hampfhire. 1 hey lie inthegrcat bay called Mount St. Michael's, between Cape La Hogue in Normandy, and Cape Frebeile in JSretagne. Jerfey, in the time J E R time of the Romans, was called Cafarea, pro- bably from tlie dictator (tor that the Romans were here, is evident from an ancient camp near the manor of DiJament, ai d from feve nil of their coins found indifferent piir.s of the ifland) and the modern name is only a corruption of the old one ; as 7i'r, for Csfar, and ey, an ifland, or Ca-far's illand. Augia was a name of Hill e;irlier dale than that given by the Romans, jerfey lies in lat. 49 deg. 7 min. N and long a deg. 26min. W.from the mcridiam of London j eight-en miles VV. of Normandy, and cighty-:our S of Port- land, in Dorfetlhire. It is not above twelve Englifh miles in length ; and its great'eft hrciidth at each extreiipity is but between fix and feven, being about thirty in circuit : it is defended by rocks and qiiickfands ; but thefe prove dangerous to its navigation : and the north fide, by reafn of its high cliffs, is al- n.oft inacceffible ; but the fouth fide is nearly level with the water. The valleys are well watered with brooks, which drive i'everal corn and fulling-mills. Here they have plenty of cattle and liieep ; fmall indeed, but their wool is fine, and their flefh is Iweet. Their butter is very good, and honey incomparable Thty have here abundance of fca-fowl, alfo foland geefe, or barnacles. This illand abounds with filh J befides fuch as are common in England, they have feveral peculiar fpecies. The horfts are good for draught, but few of them fit for the faddlc. The only wild game here is hares and rabbits. The whole illapd being one entire rock, hardly a houfe, even on the highed hill, but has fomcfpring near it : and here is one impregnated with a purging mineral. The climare of Jerfey is in general falubridus, and the tempeiate iiihabitants live to a great age, though fometimes the ague at- tacks them. 1 he tides here are raj^d and ftrcng ; and by reafon of the Vd ft chain of rocks round the ifland, the water is at no time ftill, as in the reft of the Engiifii channel. The cold is not fo violent in jerfey as in other places of the lame latitude, it being tempered by breezes almoft continually blowing from the fea j but fubje<ft to (torms by weftcrly winds. This ifland is extremely well fituat- ed for trade in time of peace, and for annoy- ing the French by their privateers, in time of war. The inhabitants are computed to be about 20, ceo, J^'RSEY, S. [from the ifland of Jerfey, which is famous for fpinning of yarn, and its ftocking manufafture] a fine woollen yarn. JL'SSAMINE, S. ^tcjajaminc. JE'RUSALEM, S. anciently SaLm and Jcbus ; among the Greeks and Latins it was known by the name oi Sc!yn:a and hkr.foly- ma, the capital of Juda:a or Paleltinc, in Afia. It was a very famous city while the Jews inhabited the country ; and in its moft rtourid-ing ftate, it confifled of four ,Tarts, each being inclofej within its own walls ; JEW namely, i. The old city, which ftood on Mount Zion, where king David built a pa- lace. 2. Tli€ lower city, ftiled alfo the Daughter of Zion, as being built after it : where king Solomon's palace flood, alfo He- rod's theatre and amphitheatre, the latter ca- pable of containing 80,000 perfons. 3. The new city, moflly inhabited by tradcfmxn and numbers of merchants And 4. Mount iVIo- riah, where Solomon's magnificent temple flood. But all this glory has long fince been laid in the dufl:, in exacl conformity to our Saviour's prophecy, particularly with regard to the latter, " that one flone of it fliould not " be left upon another." It lies thirty-five miles E. of the Levant fea, and ninety-four S. of Damafcus ; and ftands on a high rock, the afcents -to which, on all fides, are ex- ceeding (teep, except that on the N. and fur-, rounded with a deep valley encompafled with hills. I o JEST, V. N. [gepca!srl,J,iit.] to mbke a perfon merry by pleafant and witty turns in exprcflion, and odd or comical motions of the ■body ; to fpeak a thing one knows to be Ifalfe purely to diveit another. I JEST, S. [c'sy-::. Span. J any thing meant [Only to divert a perfon, or raife laughter 5 a I witiy or pointed turn of words, which diverts I or raifes laughter j the objcdt of mirth or laughter. JE'STER, S. one given to witty turns ia 'esprcfliou, to farcafms, to odd and comical pranks ; a buffoon, or one formerly ke 't by great perfons to divert -them by his witty turns, or odd pranks JE'SUIT, -S. a religious of t!ie fociety of Je.us, an order firll founded by Ignatius Loy- ola, a Spanifh foldier, and confirmed by pope Paul in. ii'!i:o i 540. jESUl'TiCAL, Adj. belonging to the Je- fuits J after the manner of the' jeiuits 5 equi- vocal ; deceitful. JET, S. [grt, Eelg. gagat. Sax.] a very beautiful foffil, of a firm and even flrufture, a frr.ooth furtacc, of a fine deep black colour, with a vein refembiing wood, and found in fmall mafles lodged in day. To JET, V.'n. [jetrer, Fr.] to flioot for- ward, or (land beyond the other parts ; to jut out. Figuratively, to intrude. " To " ;;7 upon a prince's right." Shak. To flrut. " How he jits under his advanced plumes." Shak. JET, or JET d'EAU, S. [Fr ] a fountain, or contrivance which fpouts water ii'i the air. JE'TTY, Adj. made of, or asbiack as jet. JE'WEL, S [jeivccl, Be\g.jcyel, Ital j in its primary fenfe, any ornament of great va- lue, generally applied to fuch as were fetwilli precious flones ; a gem or precious flone. Fi- guratively, applied to prefons, to convey an idea of great eflccm and affc£lion towards them. JE'"\VELLF.R, S. one who deals in preci- ous Itoces, 3 jE'WS. I G N JF.'WSEARS, S. rough, toueli, and thin fiinoiH, To called from a refcmMance of the human ear. JF;WS-MALLO\V, S. in Botany, a kind of mallow, iovvn in great plenty near Aleppo, and deriving its name from its l)eing iifcd hy the Jews as a pot-htrij ; its name among bo- tanifls is corchorus. JtyW'S-STONE, S. a fofllle, being the fpine of a very large urchin petrified hy ly- ing loig in the earth : it receives its name from its being found in Syria, vvliich was famous for the refidence of }ews, JK'WS-HARF, fof /uvV, Fr. a chec^, and f'arp, from its being held againlt tlie clieek] a kind of mufical inlirumeMt, ui'ed by the vuigjr, madeof fteel, held againft the teeth, and founded by the motion of a i^ring, which, when (truck by the finger, vibrates againrt the breath. IF, Conj, [of ^;y, Sax, £vom gifjn, Sax.] granting or allowing a thing; upon condition, or Uippofition. Followed by another fcntence that includes oppofition, it implies whether or no ; provided ; or upon condition. I'GNEOUi, Adj. [of i^ners, Lat.] fiery ; containing, emiulng, or having the nature of fire. IGNI'POTENT. Adj [oflgnh, Lat. and ponns, Lat.l prefiding over fire, or powerful by means of fire. I'GNJS FA'TUUS, S. [Lat.] a common meteor, fecn in meadows and other moid places in dark nights, caufvd by vifcous ex- halations, which being kindled in the air, re- liedf a fort of thin fiame in tlie dark ; called, hy the common people, IFill if'uh the lohifp, or y-'ck lu'ith a hnrhorn. To IGNl'TE, V. A. [from Ignitus, o{ ig- nis, Lat.] to fet on iiie. IGNI'TIBLE, Adj. capable of being fl-t on fire. IGNl'TIONT, S. [Fr.] the aft of kindling or fettingon fire. In Chemidry, the appli- cation of fire to metals, till they become red hot, v.'ithout melting. IGNI'VOMOUS, Adj. \igni-vomus, Lat. of ;^;;;j and ■vonio, Lat. J vomiting or cafting ♦jut fire. IGNO'BLE, Adj. [Fr. igno/v/is, Lat.] meatijornot helongingtothe nobility, applied to birth. Worthlcfs, bafc, or not deferviiig honour, applied to pcrfons or things. IGNO'BLY, Adv. in adifgraccful, mean, hafe, or leproacliful manner. IGNOMI'NKKiS, Adj. [igrm!inie!,x,TT. ip-.ominiofus, Lat. J difgraceful, d.liionourable, leproachful. IGNOMI'NIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to caiiie lofs of fame. I'GN'OrvIIN y, S. \igncmime, Fr. igr.omir.ij , Lat.] lofs of f.nne or honourj difgrace, fhame, or rcproarli. IGKORA'MUS, S. [Lat.] in Law, a word Kf-,.l ;iy a grnd inqucO, and written on the] I L L back of a bill, when they miflike the cvidfnfe I as dcfcclive, or not abie to mak'- g od the j charge it courains : hence it fignifies figura- tively, a perfon who knows nothing. I'GNORANCE, .S. [Fr. ignorans, Lat.] want of knowledge or inflruftion ; unlkil- fulntfs. FGNORANT, Ad). [Fr. ignoranz, Lat.] unlearned; illiter'te; without knowledge ; or without having in idea of fome partk-ilar ; unacquainted with. rGNORANTLY, Adv. without know- ledge, learning, or dcfign. To IG.NTO'Rf-:, V. .A. [ignorer, Fr. igr.oro, Lat.] not to know, or have an idea of a thing. JIG, S. Igi'^a, Ital. geige. Tent.] a light, carelefs, quick dance ir tune. To jKi, V. N. to dance a quick and light dance called a jig. |ILT, S. \g:Ua, Ifl] a woman who re- ceives the addrcfles of a lover, gives him hopes, and deceives him. Ufed in co.itempt or reproacli of any woman. To JIlvT, V. A. to deccivea man byflat- tering his love with hopes, and afterwards leaving him for another. To'jI'NGLE, V. A. [either corrnptcd from ja.ig/e, or formed from the founuj to clink, or make a noife likf- money, or other founding mevA flung on a S'ttc or other hard body. Jn Poetry or Stile, applied to the found formed by feveral words or fyllables which end in the fame letters. JI'NGLE, S. the found mr.de by money or other metal flungagainft a hard body. The found made hy words ending in the fame letters and I'yllab'es, appied to fiile. I'LIAC, Adj. fof ;/;i.i] caufed by tvvifilng in the guts; belonging to the lower belly. The iliac pn£'.eny is a kind of nervous cholic, fcjted in the ileum, whereby one part of the gut enters the cavity of that part which is immediately below or above it. ILL, Adj. [contracfed from ewl, idle, Dan. ///, Brit.] inconfiftent with our duty, as citizens or chriftiaiis j contrary to good ; fick or difordered. ILL, S. an aftion contrary to our duty, either to CJon or man ; wickednefs ; a mif- fortime. ILL, Adv. not well or rig'itly. "///at " cafe." Drsd. Not able. " LI able to _ " fuftain." Par. l.njl. Ill, in Compofiiion, whether fubftantive or adverb, implies de- feat, or foiTiething bad and improper, cither in quality or con.iition 1 LLA'CERABLE, Adj. [iilateraiilis, Lat.] not to be torn. ILLACHRYMABLE, Adj. [dlaayiralilis, Lat.] not capable of weeping. ILLA'l'SE, S. [ii'af^fus, Lat] the gradual or gentle entrance of one riling into another j a fuddcn attack, or .iccident. ILLAg^'EA'IION, S. lil'a^:i:a!ic, Lat.] the I L L •lie a<ft of catching or enfnarin;i ; a fnare or artifije made ufe ot' to entrap, or catch. ILLATION, S. [i.Vd.-b. Ldt.J an infe- rence, or conclufion drawn from premfes. • Ii-LA'TIVE, Adj. [;./uf..i, Lat.J ufei to imply an inference or conciufion. " The il- "■ latiui p aticles." {■Fjits. ILLAU'DABLE, Adj. [Ulaudabith, Lat.] uiiA'orthy of praife. ILLaU'DABLY, Ad7. ill a manner not deferving praife. ILLL'GAL, Adj. [of in anA U-gaui, Lat.] contrary to law. ILLEGA'LITY, S. the quality of being unlawful or contrary to !iu\ ILLE'GIBLE, Adj. that which cannot be read. ILLEGI'TIMACY, S [of ;//ce-/,-i>«/f] the llate of a baftard ; the ftatc of baltordv. ILLFGJ'TIMA. IE, Adj. [Uleguimv.f, Lat.] unlawfully be2,otten ; or not begotten in wedlock. To ILLEGI'TIMATE, V. A. in Law, to prove .1 perfon a baflard. ILLEGi'TiMATLLY, Aiv. not in wedlock. ILLEGITIMA'TION, S. the flate of a baftard, or of one not begotten in wedlock. ILLE'VfABLE, Adj. [ot Ul,3.nikw,¥r.'] what cannot be levied, rjifed, or exacled. ILL-FA'VOuRED, Adj. [See /i/j ugly or deformed. ILLl'BERAL, Adj. [iliueralh, Lat.J wantmg gencrolity, or gentility. ILLIBERALLY, Adv. in a mean, nig- gardly, wr difingenuous manner. ILLI'CIT, Adj. '[jIHcite, Fr. Ulidtus, Lat.] unlawful, or ccntrary to any law. ILLIMITABLE, Adj. [of //, Lat, and Un:ci, Lat.] not to bounded or limited. ILLl'MITABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to be capable of no bounds. ILLI MITED, Adj unbounded j without bounds, limits, orie{haiiu. ILLJ'TERATE. Adj. [iUheraius, Lat.] without having received any improvements by learning or inftruction ; unlearned. ILLl'TERATENESS, S. the Itate of having never received any improvements from learning. I'LLNEiS, S. any thing which is pro- duftive of inconvenience, nr deflrucfive of our happinefs, applied to things natui-al, mo- ral, and religious. Sickncfs or difordcr, ap- plied to health. ILL-NA'TURE, S. a natural difpofition, whereby a perlon is prone to do iil turns, and to thwart the happinefs, of another, attended with a fecret joy on the fight of any mifciucf which befalls another, and an entire inlenli- bility of any kindnefs received. ill-nature:?. Adj. h.-.bitua!]y un- kindj mdicious, or mifchitvous. ILL-NATUREDLY, Adv. iu a ptevilh, froward, mifchitvous manner, I M A ToILLUDZ, V.A. [illudj, Lat.] to mock J to play upon ; to jeer. ToILLU'ME, V.A. [Ulur^lner, Fr. 1 to fupply with light ; to brighten or adorn. " hLmd with fluid gold." Tmmfon To ILLU'MIN^, V.A. [^L>uner,Yr.^ to enhgliten or make light j to Tuppiy v,irij lights. Figuratively, to adorn. " O let my " country's friends illumine mine." j^ddif To ILLU'WIHATE, V.A [illumi.er, Fr 1 to enlighten or iuppiy with light. Figura- tively, to fupply the mind with a powlr of undcrihndiiiL; any difficulty. / ILLUMINATION, S. [Fr iilunnrratio, Lat.J the ad ot iupplying with liol.t th- cauleof light; brghtnefs ; Tplendor ; 'light communicated to the mind by infLiration" ILLU MINATIVE, Adj [///.;;./«,;/; Fr.l having the power to communicate 1 glu' ILLU.MINATOR, S. [from ihu,,ina>u>, Lat.J one who gives light ; one who ex- plains a difficult pafi.n'e in an author ILLL'SION, S [iih^o, Lat.J a falfe (hew or appearance j error occafioned "by a falfe ap- pearance. ILLU'ilVE, Adj. \jlh,fus, Lat.] deceivlna byfahclh.w * ILLU'SORY, Adj [Ululhin, Fr.] fraudu- lent ; with an i.itention to deceive ; deceitfu' 1 o ILLU'STRATE, V. A. [ilh.P.yer, Fr.j to brighten with light or honour, rlguia'tive- ly, to explaiii or ckar up a difficulty in aa author. ILLUSTRATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of ren krmg a difficult pailLge eafy to be under- llood J an expolition or explanation. ILLU'STRATIVii,' Adj. having the qua> hty of dealing up a difficult or obfcure paf- fage in an author. ILLU'STRATIVELY, Adv. fay way of explanation. ILLU'STRIOUS, Adj. [illupis, Lat.//- luftre, Fr.] noble ; eminent for titles, digni- ty, birth, or excellence. ILLU'STRIOUSLY, Adv. in aconfpicu- ous, noble, or eminent manner. ILLU'SIRIOUSNESS, S. eminence of rank, birth, aignity, or good qualities. I'M, a contradtion, uJid in difcourfe for [ am. I'MAGE, S. [Fr. ormago, Lat.] the ap- pearance of any objeift j an idea imprelied by outward objeds on the mind ; a reprefenta- t'on of any thing exprefi'ed either in painting, fculpture, (^c. molt commonly applied to llatues ; n copy, or likcnefs; a hvely ao- fcription of any thing in dilcourfe; apifhue drawn in the fancy • a falfe god ; or a flatuc \ m?de to reprefcnt, and be worlhipped as a god. To I'MAGE, V. A. to form a reprefec- tation, llkeneft;, or idea of a thing in the mind. IMAGERY, S. fljtnrs' or pianres. Figmativcly, a rcTcnil!-:;-, " ihh.Trcr}-; " t)t I M B **| of forrow." Piigr. Ideas formcci purely by the imaj^ination, which have no originals out of the miad. I'MAGIMARY, Adj. exiRing" only in the imagination or fancy, oppofed to real. I'MAGINfATION, S. [Fr. maginatlo, Lat.] a power or faculty of the foul, v\here- by it Can join or fcparate tlie ideas it has re- ceived by the fenfes, in fuch a manner us to form other compound ideas, which have no refembLnce exiting out of the mind ; fancy ; the power of reprefenting things abfent ; a conception, image, or idea of any thing in the mind. To IMA'GINE, V. N. to fancy; to con- ceive. Figuratively, to contrive, or plot. IMA'GINER, S, one who forms an idea in his mind. IMBECILE, Adj. [Fr. mheclUls, Lat ] wanting ftrength, applied- both to body and mind. IMBECr'LTTY, S. {imiecUhe, Fr.] frail- ty, or weaknefs of mind or body. To IM'iil'BE, V. A. [imMo, Lat. im- liber, Fr.] to drink, or draw in ; to admit into the mind ; to drench or {oak, to im- pregnate. " This earth imbibed with more *' acid." Netvt. IMBl'BER, S. that which drinks in, fucks up, or abforbs. LMEIBI'TION, S. [Fr.] tht aft of drink- ing or fucking up moifture. To IMBl'TTER, V. A. to make bitter ; to deprive of happinefs or pleafure. " Paflion *' which imbittci- their lives." j^ddif. To IMBO'DY, V. A. to cover with, or thicken to a body ; to bring together into one mafs or company ; to inclofe. " Imbo- " died in (lone." IV'^odw. To IMBO'LDEN, V. A. to raife to con- fidence ; to encourage, or make bold. To IMGO'SOM, V. A, to hold on the bofom ; to wrap in that part of the garment which covers the bofom. Figuratively, to love with a warm affedtion and friendfhip. To IMBO'W, V. A. to arch ; to make in the form of an arch. To IMBO'VvER, V.A. to cover with a bower ; to cover with branches or trees. IM'BRICATED, Adj. [imbnz., Lat.] in Botany, formed in hollows, like thofc of a gutter-tile. IMBRICA'TION, S. an hollow inden- ture, like that of a gutter-tile. To IMBRO'WN, V. A. to make brown, er dark. To IMBRUTE, V.A. to make like a Iwute, either in quality or ihape j to become like a brute. To IMBRU'E, V. A. to ttccp, foak, or ■wet much and long. To IMBU'E, V. A. [imbuo, Lat.] to tinc- ture very deeply j to imbibe j to dye or im- pregnate with any liquor. I M M IMIT.ABI'LITY, S. [imitaUrn, Lat] the quality of bcin'4 imitable. lW'lTA8Lk, Adj. [Fr. mhabilh, Lat.] worthy of being refemblcd or imitated ; pof- liblc to be imitated or copied. To IM'ITATE, V. A [imtatus, Lat. iml- ter, Fr.J to copy ; to counterfeit. IMJTA'TION, S. the aft of doing any thing with a view of making it like fome- thing elfe. IM'.'TATIVE, Adj. [i^.-itati'vus, Lat.] inclined to imitate ; copied from, or reftm- bling, ItMITA'TOR, S. liwir,7tor, Lat. imitafenr, Fr.J one who copies IVom, and endeavours to rcfcmble anotlier, LMIVLVCULATE, Adj. [immaculatus, Lat.] without fpor, (lain, or crime, pure, or clear. " Thou clear, immaculate, and liivcr foun- " tain." Skak, To IMMANA'CLE. V. A. to put in ma- nacles ; to fetter or confine. IM'iMANENT, Adj. [Fr.] internal ; or iituated within the mind. IMMA'NITY, S. [imanitas, Lat.] barba- rity ; cruelty. " Such imnianity and bloody " Ih-ife." ^hak. To IMMASK, V.A. to put in a mafk ; to cover; to difguife. " Cafes of buckram to " immajk our outvard garments." i^hak. IMMATE'RIAL. Adj. [immaterid, Fr.] fpiritual ; dilHnft from, and not confifling of matter; of no importance, or weight. The laft fenfe is branded as a barbarifm of John- fon. IMMATE'RIALLY, Adv. ina manner not depending on matter. IMMATE'RIALIZED, Adj. frcfd from or void of matter. ' ' liimaterialized fpitits.' ' Glanv. IMMATE'RIALNESS, S. diftinanefs or freedom from matter. IMMATE'RIATE, Adj. notconfiftingof matter. " Incorporeal and immateriate.'" Bac. IMMATU'RE, Adj. [immatuius, Lat.] not ripe ; not perfcft ; too early or before the natural time. •• Call not that death imma' " ture" Taylor. IMMA fU'RELY, Adv. too foon ; be- fore ripe, complete, or exiflent. I.MMATU'RENESS, or IMMATU'RI- TY, S. unripencfs. IMMEABI'LITY, S. \immraiilis, Lat.] want of power to pafs or make itfelf a pallage, applied to fluids. " Itnmeability of the juices." Arbulh. IMME'ASURABLE, Adj. [pronounced imniJjurable\ not to be meafured ; not to be conceived. IMME'ASURABLY, Adv. beyond all meafure ; beyond all comprehenfion or con- ception. IMMECHA'NICAL, Adj. not according to the laws of mechanics. IMME'- I M M mrvIE'DIACY, S. the quality of r.cTmg uithi.'.it the intervention of any otlicr means. IMME'DIATE, Adj. [br.mcdiat, Fr.] in fuch X (f-.te with relpe£f to ibmethiiigclfe, as to have nothing between ; without any thing intervening i not aifling by feconJ caufes. In- flaiit or piefeiit, appHeii to time. "Armed "with more ;V/.7«ci//iir^ power." Prior. IMME'dIaTELY, Adv. without the in- tervention of any other caufe or event ; in- ftantiy ; without delay. IMME'DIATENESS, S. prefence, applied to time. The (late or quality of being with- out any fecond or intervening caufe. IMME'DICABLE, Adj. {bmnedkaiilh, Lat.] not to be healed or cured. IMME'MORABLE, Adj. [litmcmorabUh, Lat.] no: vvorih remembering. IMMEMO'PvIAL, Adj. not within the memory of any perfon living; fo ancient as not to be eafily traced with any degree of cer- tainty. IMME'NSE, Adj. [Fr. o? hr,M»fus, Lat.] unbounded; not to be comprehended ; infi- nite. IMME'NSITY, S. [hr.menjite, Fr.] un- bounded or incomprehcnfihle grcatnefs. IMME'NSL RABLE, Adj. impoffible to be meafured ; infinite. IMMENSURABrLITY, S. impoflibllity of being meafured. To IMME'RGE, V. A. [jmmergo, Lat.] to plunge or put under water. IMME'RSE, Adj. \,m„:crfus,'Lvit. oi im^ Kergo, Lat.] buried j covered j funk deep. To IMME'RSE, V. A. [hmner.Jum, Lat.] to put under water ; to fink, deep or cover j to plunge, fink, or keep deprefled. IMME'RblON, S. [Fr. oiimmerfto, Lar.j the a<fl of plunging any thing in water, or any other fluid, beyond its furface ; the (fate of finking or l)eing lunk in liquor below its furface. '1 he (late of being overwhelmed, applied to the mind. IMMETHO'DICAL, Adj. without order, regularity, or method. IMMETHO'DICALLY, Adv. in an ir- regular manner. IM'MINENT, Adj. [Fr. mtninens, Lat ] hanging over one's head j threatening; near j applied always to fomething ill To IMMI'NGLE, V. A. to mingle, mix, or unite. '■ Purity an J peace zV^K/ffg-Zf charms." Ihomf. Seldom ufed, IMMl'SCl BLE, Adj not capable of being mixed. A word ufed by t!ie author ofClariJJa. IMMI'SSION, S. {hu^.f^ro, Lat.J the aft of fending in, oppofed to ennjjicn. To IMMIX, V. A. to mix together ; to join or unite. " With thefe ;;,\-/'i<xf." Milt. IMMIX'AQLE, Adj. [iron, iiimlx'] not to be mixed together. " Liquor of the fame co- " lour, and immixulik." Pl'^jlkins. IMMOBI'LITY, S. [immobmte, Fr. from immobiliSi Lat. j a (jnality of body, whereby I M P it is rendered incapable of motion ; a Hate of reft. IMMO'DERATE, Adj. [mwoderatus.'LzK, iwniodere, Fr.j exci..1ivc j exceeding due bounds. LMMO'DERATELY, Adv. in an c%ct£- five degice or manner. 1MMODERA'TION,,S. [Fr.J want of keeping to a due mean ; excefs. IMMO'DEST, Adj. [bmr.odefte, Fr.] un- chalte, orinconfiftentwith modedy; obfceue. IMMO'DESTY, S [imtnodejiee, Fr.J want of modefty, or of regard to chaflity and de- cency. To IM'MOLATE, V. A. [immolatus, of imnrola, Lat. immder, Fr.] to facrifice, or kill in facrifice. IMMOLA'TION, S. [Fr.] the a<ff of fa- crificing, or killing as an offering to God ; the thing offered in facrifice. IMMO'RAL, Adj. inconfiflent with, or contrary to the laws of morality j bad or un- jult. IMMORA'LITY, S. an aftion incon- fiftent with our duty towards men j want of virtue. lALAIO'RTAL, Adj. [immortaUs, Lat.] not capable of dying ; living for ever ; never ending ; per»eti:al. IMMORTALITY, S. a Rate which has no end ; an exemption fmm death ; that which makes inimortal. " Quixd hnmorcrjity " and joy." Par. Loji. IMMO'RTALLY, Adv. fo as never ta die ftr ceafe. ToIMMO'RTALIZE, V. A. [immena- lifer, Fr.] to make immortal ; to perpetuate,, or ni.^.ke the fame of a perfon endlefs. IMM'ORTALLY, Adv. without death ; without ceafing or ending. IMMOVEABLE, Adj not be forced from or t.ikcn out of its place ; not to be fhaken or affecfred. IMMO'VEABLY, Adv. in a ftatc not to be ftaken or afle(fted. JMMU'NITY, S. [en:mi:nite,Vr.i:-n7nur.itJs^ Lat.] difcharge from any duty or obligation. To IMMU'RE, V. A. [enmurer, old Fr.] to inclofc within a wall j to imprifon j to confine. IMMU'RE, S. awallorinclofurc. " With- " in whofe ftrong w.wz^rfs.'' Shak, IMMUTABl'LITY, S. [mmutahilite, Fr. of imi?:utabiiitas, Lat.J freedom from change or alteration. IM-MU'TABLE, Adj. not fubjed to cluiBge or alter. IMMU'TABLY, Adv. without altering or changing; in a manner not fiibjeift toch-juge or alter. IMP, S. \in^p, Brit.] an inferior devil ; an emiflary of the devil. To IMP, V. A. [iwpio, Brit.] to lengthen by the addition of fomeiliing elfe. " Iwp out " ourdroopen country's broken v^'ingi." Shuk. To I M P To IMPACT, V. A. [jmpaFlus, oVimp'in}ro, Lat ] to drive, or force theparticlfs of a body clofcr togptlier. To IMl^AFR, V. A. [fwpirer, Fr.] to ledtn ill dcgrc;, quality, <]u.uiticy, or worth ; to diniinil'h ; to injure 5 tomakeworfe I M P an liindrance, orobftacle. " March on to " Calais without ivipejchnietit." Slak. A pub- lic acciifation or charge of being guilty of fome Clime. To IjMPE'ARL, V. A. to adorn with pearls; to adorn witii fomethiiigTcfcmbling IMl'Al'R, S. a decay, or decieafe ; lofs of j pearls, power, degree, or quality. I To IMPE'DE, V. A. [impcdio, Lat.] to IMPAl RMENT, S.adecay; injury ; de- 1 hinder ; to (top. Cay of ftrfn'jfh. IMPA'i.PABLE,Adj.rFr.]not to be felt, or perceived by the ti^uch. To IMPA'RADBE, V. A.^intparodifire, Ital.] to render as happy as tiie (late of para- dife is Aippofed to be. " Imparadii'd in one •' another's arms." Par. Left. IMPA'RITY, S. diff roport'on ; tbeexcefs of t'jvo things compared together ; oddnefs. To IMPARK, V. A. to feparate from a common j to make a park of ^ to inclofe with a park. To IMPA'RT, V. A [[h-parthr, Lat.] to £i-ant, give, or communicate a part. IMPA'.'tTIAL, S. juft; whhout any bias, or undue influence. IM PARTI A'LITY, S. {mpartiante, Fr.] the aft of uiftributing julHce without any bias, or undue infinc:ice j itricf jullice. IMPA'RTIALLY, Adv. in a manner free from any h'-"*- IMPA'RT[BLE, Adj. [Fr] thnt which may be communicated or bellowed in part; Nvithout parts. IMPASSABLE, Adj. not to be paflsd IMPASSISI'LITY, S. [mipjjjub'dite, Fr.] rhe quility or privilege of not ocing fubjea to external injui V or fufferings. TMPA'S^IBLE, -A.lj. [Fr.] incapable of ruffering injury or pain. IMPA'SblON'EO, Adj. fcized, or inflamed with pa(fi<m. " '1 he tempter ail iuipujjlcncd:' far. Loft. IMPA'STED, Adj. covered with parte. «• Bik'd and vr.pofted.'" Shah. IMP.-VTIENCE, S. [ Fr. J inability of fuf- ferintr pain or delay wlthout^complaint. IMPATIENT, Adj. [ Fr. of impatk'>.s, Lat.] not able to endure or bear delay, pain, or any other inconvenience, without com- plaint ; vehemently agitated by padion ; eager. IVtPA'TIENTLY, Adv. with great m- teniencfs, application, or ardour. " He con- •' tdeicd one thing Co iKpatientiy." C/arend. With great cagerntfs, or longing defirc. To EMPA'WN, V. A. to give aperfon as an hoftage, or a thing as pledge and lecurity, for the performance of certain conditions. To IMPE'ACH, V. A. [pronounced in this word, and its deiivatives, hapccch, of iw- peccer, Fr.] to hinder. In Law, to accufe a perfon of being guilty of a crime. IMPEA'CHABLE, Adj. worthy of being found fault v.ith; accufible. IWPEA'CHMENT, S [e>f:pechmM, Fr.] IMPE'DIME.^JT, S. [mpcdimentum,^!^^.] an hindrance, obdaclc, or motive which ren- de s the perforjnance of a thing difficult or impofii!)le. lo IMPE'L, V. A, \hnpello, Lat.] to drive on; to make a thing move; to aft upon with force. IMPE'LLENT, S. [htpelhrts, Lat.] a power which acts upon any thing with force. To IMPE'ND, V. N. [impendco, Lat.] to hangover, tlireaten, or be near: generally applied to fome evil. IMPE'NDEMT, Adj. [Impcndem, Lat.] fuf'pended or hanging over ; very near. lIVIPc.'NDENCE, S. the flate of hanging over, or being nea-.-. " The impendence of a " nrester or fcnfible evil," Hiile. IMi'ENErRABI'LITY, S. [hrpenctrabi- Hte, Fr.] the qu dity of not being picrceable. Hardnefs, or a flate not fufceptible of tender affcftions, applied to the mind. IMPE'NErRASLE,, Adj [Fr. irtpencfra- Inlis, Lat.] not to be pi; reed or entered by any outward force ; not admitting to enter. Not be known or difcovered, applied to things and pcrions. Not to be moved, or affected, applied to the mind. IMPE'NETRABLY, Adv. with fo much hardnefs as net to give entrance to any thing driven by external force. Not to be removed by inllru£lion, applied to defefts of the un-* derflandirg. " IiiH-:netrabh dull." Pope IMPE'NITENCE, orlMPENITENCY, S. [impenitence, Fr.] a (tate of mind wlieiein a perfon continues in lin, without ;inyforrow, or fenie of divine !oveor mercy. IMPE'NITENT, Adj [Fr.] not grieving or repenting of fin. IMPE'NITENTLY, Adv. witliout re- pentance, or (hewing any forrow of hn. IMPE'NNOUS, Adj. without wings. " Im- pcr.cus infers." Browne. IM'PERATEjAdj. [miper^t!.s, l-nt.] done v\ itl I con fciaufnefs, or the dire<!lion of the will. " Jmperate affs." Hal;. IMPERATIVE, Adj. [hnperafhw, of ;w- tcro, Lat.] commanding, or exprefling com- mand. The imperative mood in Englilh is formed cither with auxilliary words, implying a command, requeft, orpenuiflion, or by put- ting the woid after the verb, which in other moods comes before it. Thus Peter runs, is the indicative ; but run Peter, or ut Peter run, is the imperative. Let is prefixed only to the third peifon fmgular; and to the fiill and third I M P third perfons plural ; as, let him hear j let us tegard ; let them repent. IMPERCR'PTIBLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to he Teen or perceived either by the mind, eye, or other fenfjs ; very imall or minute. IMPEKCE'PTIBLENESS, S. the quality of not being perceived either by the mind or fehfes. IMPERC^-'PTIBLY, Adv. in a manner not to be perceived either by the mind or fenfe?. IMPE'RFECT, Adj. VtmpcrfeEius, Lat in:parftiit, Fr.] not quite fini-Oied ; not com- plete; wanting fomething ; defe£live ; fraih IMPERFE'CTION, S. [Fr.] a defeift, faihjre, or fault, whether natural or moral. IMPE'R FECTL Y, Adv. not fully or com- pletely ; with dcfect-s or failure, IMPE'RFORABLE, AJj. not to be bored through. IMP'EPs.FORATE, AJj. not pierced or bored through ; without a hole or cavity running through. " Sometimes children are *' born iffiprrjorate." Sharp. IMPE'R I A L, Adj. I Fr. of impenalis, Lat.] polTefled of tlie ftate of an emperof or em- prefs ; higher than royal, though fiimetimes ufed for it. Iwperial paper, is a large kind of fine writing paper. IMPE'RIALIST, S. a perfon who is a ilibjeifi: to the emperor of Ger.many. IMPE'RIOUS, Adj. [Imperieux, Fr. hrpc- riofiis, Lat.] commanding in an haughty and infolent manlier; overbearing; powerful; proud. " Vaft and iwpcrkus mind.'* Tillotf LMPE'RIOUSLY, Adv. with pride of au- thority ; in an infolent manner. IMPE'RIOUSNES.S, s! the exercife of authority; a haughty, rigid, and infolent ftretch of power and command. I M PE'R ISH AB LE, Adj [imperifahk, Fr ] not to be dellroycd by force, or impaired bv time. IMPE'RSONAL, Adj. [mperfcnel, Fr. m- ferfcnalh, Lat.] in Grammar, ufed only in .the third perfon lingular, or not having all the perfons, applied to verbs. The Englifh imperfonai is borrowed from the Saxon, and isexprefled by /Vbefor'" the verb, as "/? thun- " dercd ; huyt thunrode, Sax.'" Befides which, ■we fometimes exprefs this verb by cr.e, as, " One told me. One had better.'" IMPE'RSONALLY, Adv. in Grammar after the manner of a verb, which is not ufed in all tlie perfons. IMPE'RTINENCE, or IMPERTINEN- CY, S, [Fr. 1 that which has no relation to the matter in hand ; folly, or rambling thought; troublcfomenefs, arifing from not talking to the purpofe, or from intrufion j a tnfie. IMPE'RTINENT, Adj. [Fr.] of no re- lation to the matter in hand ; of no weit^ht , froubl.fome by enquiring into things which in not conccin aperfouj fvjolilh ; trifling. I M P IMPE'RTINENT, S, a perfon who is troublefome by enquiring into, or meddling wi h things that do not concern him IMPE'RTINENTLY, Adv. without re- lation to the matter in hand ; in a trouble- iome manner, by enquiring into things that do not concern one. IMPE'RVIOUS, Adj. [bnper-z.ius, Lat.] not to be pierced or penetrated j not accefn- b.e. ^ " A river's mouth hvpewious to the " winds." Pope. IMPE'RVIOUSNE.SS, S the ftate or qua- hty ot not adnntting any pafligc or entrance. IMPETRABLE, Adj. [Fr. hnparabms, Lat. I pofTible to be attained. IMPETRA'TION, S. [Fr. lr,:pctrath, Lat.] the adt ot obtaining by prayer or en- treaty. IMPETUO'SITY, S. \\n,pctvoflu, Fr. of ^mpetv.i, Lat.] excefs of (Irength, force, vio- lence, or raoe. IMPETUOUS, Adj. \)mpetnevr., Fr.' /«- petu^, Lat.J violent ; fierce j furious : vchc ment. LMPE'TUOUSLY, Adv. in a violent or furious manner IMPE'TUOU.SNESS, S. violence ; fury I'MPETUS, S. the force by which a body' moves in any diredion after being impelled by another ; a violent effort. iMPrE r-Y, S. [impAae, Fr. w:p]et.is, Lat.] aflatcofopen oppofition to the Iswsof God, attended with want of reverence, and a nea- lea of the duties of religion ; ungodlincfs*^- irreligious. ' To IMPI'NGF, v.. A. {hrfmgo, Lat.] to fall or (frike againfl; fo clalh. To IMPI'NGUATE, V. A. to fatten or make fat. _IM'PI()US,AJj. \w:p]u,,\.^t. /;;;/.;/, Fr.] Without devotion ; without reverence' to God, or religious duties. " IM'PIOL'SLY, Adv. inaprophanc, wick- ed manner. IM'PIOUSNESS, S. See hnpiety. IMPLACABl'LITY, S. | from in:p!acaLle-] the quality of not being appeafedor reconciled to a perfon that has offended usj irreconciie- able cnmi'y. IMPLA'CABLE, Adj [Fr o( hrphcaLUh, Lat.] not to be pacified or reconciled. IMPlA'CABLY, Adv. with malice or anger not to be pacified. To IMPLANT, V. A. to ptn a plant into" the ground. Figuratively, to elhibiilh or fix,' applied to themindj &c. IMPLANTA'TION,S. theartof fetting or plviting ; the atft of intioducing and fixing in the mind, " IMPLAU'SIBLE, Adj. not likely to feducc or peifnade. IM'l'LEMENT, S. [:mpk,i:cnt:m, Lat.| any tool or inllrutuent belonging to mccbi- nics. LA:PLE'TI0N, S. [impktu,, Lat.] the aft M, m of I M P I M P of filling, or the dale of a thing that is full IMPO'RTLESS, Adj. of no triomcnt or *' A plc/itiful iinplcmn.'" Bjc. , confequcnce. " 0[ in.fortlejihuxthea." Sl^k. liM'PLKX, Aclj. [ia^pkxus, Lat.] compU- \ Not in ufc. catcJ ; conljflingof a variety or cliange J in- tricate. To IM'l'LICATE.V. A. [}>ffn>.atum,Uit, of impiio, Lat.] to infolvi or involve. Figura- tively, to einbai rafs or enl.inglc by variety. lMt'LK:A' IION', S. [Fr. im/^iini/io, Lat. j tlie Hate of a tiling whnfe parts arc kept toge- ther by being folded over tach other, or W)- tani^h'd j an uifcr».nce included in ju argu- ment, hut not c.xpreded. IMPLICIT, Adj. [mplkite, Fr. livflum. Lit.] eniangied, or complicated with ; tacitly comi-iilcd or undcrllood, and to be gathered only by inference; rerting on another, or taken ii,-" on the aulhoiity of another, with- out any examination. LMPLl'dTLY, Adv. by inference, be- caulc included, hut not exprctTed ; without ex.mihiaiioa ; or barely on the authority of another. To IMPLO'RE, V. A. [hr.phro, Lat. Im- pLvef, Fr.J to entreat « ith prayers ; to afk or be" wiih great earnellnefs and fubmiffion. 1 VI PLO'R EH , S. one that requeds or en- treats '-"ith eafieft^cfs. IMPLU'VIOLS^ Adj. [iwpluvius, Lat. J Wit with rain. To LM'PLY, V. A. ['mpaco, Lat. huplijuer, Fr.] to include ao a confcc^ucjncc, but not in exprefs terms. To IMPOl'SON, V. A. \en:po'.Joner,Yy.'] to 'kill with poifon. Figur.i'ivdy, to corrupt or feduce. IMPO'HTICor IMPO'LITICAL.Adj. not ufi!;g foiecall; indifcrtct. IMPOLVnCALLY, or IMPO'LITIC LY Adv. without art, or difcretion ; with- out guarding again ll the bad confcqueuce of ana'ftic-n; impiudently. fMPORO'bl FY, S. the quality of being without pores or interlhces between the parts. IMPO'ROL'S, Adj. free from pores or in- terilices between its parts. " Ferfe<ftly folid <' -AViA iirporout.'" R<JY. ToIMPO'RT, V. A. [importo, Ldt.] to liMPO'RTl'NATE, Adj. \!mpci-fut!us, Lat. ':!f:poviur.:, Fr.] requefling with gieat earncft- ucfs and frequently. Figuratively, not to be repulfed vc dtr.ied. LMPO'R 1 UN.4TELY, Adv. with incef- fant ;jnd carnell rcqrefl. IMPO'RTUNATFNF.SS.S.inceffantand carncfl requeft, or falicitation. To IMPORTLi'NE, V. A. [impoitunus, Lat. impo!t!iuet, Fr.] to requcft with earneft- iiefs and frequency; to teize or wear out with incertaiitand e.irneft requeft. IMPORTU'NELY, Adv. with earneftnefs and frequency; troublcfoniely ; imfcafon- ubly, I'r improperly. " Very Importundy " urged." Sandcrf. IMPORTU'N'ITY, S.[;w/)cr^;^;V, Fr. :«- portuiiitiu, Lat.T earneft and inceiTant intreaty. To IiMPOSF, V, A. [imp fir, Fr. ] to Ly on as a burthen; to exaift as a puniflnnent ; to enjoin as a law or duty ; to cheat or deceive. In Printing to put the pages on the itone, and fit on the chifes, in order to carry the forms to prefs. In the Univerfities, to give a talk us a punilhment for fome niifiemcanor. IMJ'O'SEABLE, Adj. to be enjoined as s law or rule. IMPOSER, S. one who commands ; one who lays any heavy fine or duty on another ; one who cheats or tricks. IMPOSI'TION, S. [Fr. mp"fitus, Lat.] the aiff of laying or putting any thing on an- other. " Impofit'wn of hands." llamrrord. The aiff of giving or aili.xing. " hnfcfi&n " of names." Canid. The commanding any thing as a law or duty, " Your father's iir.' '■'■ pffluloii.'' Shak. Conftraint or opprcdion ; a cheat, trick, or impofture, IMPO'S.SIBLE. Adj.[Fr.] not to be done, attained, or pradtlfed IMPOSSIBI'LITY, S. iimpojfibilitc, Fr.] the (tate of being impra<fttcable, or beyond any one's power to do j that wiiich cannot be dr.ne. IMTOST, S. [hipoft, Impot, Fr. 'inipofitum^ bring goods uUo one country from another, [.at.] a toll; cuftom paid for goods or mer applied to commerce. To implv.^^ mean, or chandize. Ufed in the plural, in Architec- fipnify ; to produce as a eonfcquence. ture, for that part of a pillar, in vaults and IMPO'RTi S. moment ; weig'.it, or con- jarches, on which the weight or ftrefs of the fequcnce ; tendency. " A third of the fame i whole building beareth *' 'irr.'^crt" Bcyli. Any thing brought from abroad. IMPO'RTABLF^ Adj. that which may by law- be brought from abroad. IMPO RTAKCE, S. [Fr.] the meaning or fijini'icaiion of a word; a matter, riilije<ft, or Ciff-iir ; eonfcquence, valu", or moment. IMPO'RlANr, Adj. [Fr.] of great w.ighr, moment, or eonfcquence. mPORTA'TION, S. the ac't or pra^ice «f hrinoing goocfs iut<3 one kingdom from ..uolhcr. • • ., To IMPO'STHL'RIATE, V. N. \?Tc.m. rmpcftbuine] to form an abfeefs ; to gather, or forrn a cyft or bag, apphed to matter. Neu- lerly, to affli<ff with an impofthume. IMPOSTHUiNlA'TION, S. the aft of forming an abfeefs, gathering, or cyft ; the ftate in which an impofihume is formed. IMPO'STHUME, .S. a colkaion of mat- ter in any pan of the body. ' IMPO'STOR, S. [Inip'.JiLuy, Fr.l one who deceives or cheats by airtiming a falfe chi»- ra£ter. IMPOS. I M P I M P TMrO'STURE, S. fFr. mpcftura, Lat.] a cheat committei by ^iviii^ perlbnsor things a chara(ficr or appearance which does n'at pro- perly belong to them. I'lMFOTKNCF., or I'MPOTENTCY, S. wanfof power, cither of Lody or mind Rage, including the idea of not being able to rellrain h : incapacity to propagate. I'lVlPOTENT, Adj [Fr. ;;7.;;o,v«, Lat.] rotable, nor havin;r fufficicnt (trength toper- form a thing, applied both to the mind and body ; weak; difablcd by nature or difeale \ without a power to reftrain. " Impotent of *' tongue." Dryd. Without virility. I'MEOTENTLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as fhews want of power. To -JMPO'VERISK, V. A. {apfau-vrW, Fr.] to make poor. To render unfruitful, applied to land. IMPO'VERISHMENT, S. want of riches, mean and low circumftarrces. TolMPO'UND, V.A to (hut up in a pound or pinfold; to confine or clofe in a pound. 'io I M PO' W ER, V. A. See Em^^-oiucr. IMPRA'CTICABLE, Adj. [Fr.j not to be done or praiftifed 5 not to be governed or managed. " That dzrce imp/ a&ical'U n-dtuic." Krc'Ie:. JMPRA'CriCABLENESS, S, impoffibi- lity of performing or pra£li(ing^. To I'MPRECA TE, V. A. [imbrecatus, of hprecor, Lat,] to pray for evil to beUl one's felf or others ; to curfe. IMPRECATION, S. a curfe. IMPRE'CATORY, Adj. containing wifhes of evil, or cuiTes. To IMPRE'GN, V. A. to make fruitful, applied to women. To fill with, or make fertile with any quaiitv, applied to things. IMPRE'GNABLE, Ad].[:-nprcgnahk, Fr.] not to be ftormed or taken, applied to forts. Not to be Ihikcn, moved, or overcome, ap plied to th^- mind. To IMPRt'GNATE, V. A. [See 'mpregn] to fill with young, or make fruitful, applied to animals. To fuurate, fill, applied to fluids, IMPREGNA'TION, S. the'aft of making fruitful, applied to animals. The a(51 of fill- ing with any qualit.y ; faLuration, applied to liquors To IMPRF/SS, V. A. [impreJTum, Lat of imprlmo, Lat.] to print or mark by prefT'ure. To force a perfon to enter 'ithcras a fuilor or foldicr. Figuratively, to fix deep, applifd to the mind. IMPRE SS, S. a print or mark made by preflure ; an effeft, a mark of dii^itjdtion, charafter, or ftamp j the ad of forcing into any fcrvice. _ IMPRE'SSION, S. [Impreffio, Lat.] a mo- tion which produces fome perception, applied to the organs of fenfe, or the mind. The acl of prelTing one body upon another ; a (lamp iiV m.irk made by praTure j operation or influ- ence. " Th^ mf>reJJio>is of Battery." Atierh, An edition, or a number printed off at one time, appl ed to books. ' IMPRE'SSIBLE, Adj that which may he prefFed ; liable to be forced into the fcrvice, or prelled. To IMPRI'Nr, V. A. [/;»/.W??:«r, Fr.] to mark any fubftance by prciliire ; to ftamp words on paper by means of types m print- ing ; to fix in the mind or memory. To IMPRI'SON, V. A. \r,r.pr\j%,mer, Fr ] to confine in a prifon j to confine, reftrain, or deprive of freedom. IMPRl'SONMENT, S. \\r:pr\jonr.emer.t, Fr.J the act of confining a perfon in priion j the (iate of a perfon or thing under confine- ment. IMPROBAHT'LITY, S. Tfrom mprchahlc] want of likelihood ; impodibility of being provetl. IMPRO'BAELE, Adj. [Fr. improhch\lls^ Lat. ] unlikely. IMPRO'BABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as Cjunot be proved. " He fpcaks very im- " prohatlyr Eo^le. IMPRO'BU Y, S. \improh\un, Lat.] want of honefty. IMPRO'PER, Adj. {Inproprc, Fr. w:prc- prim, l.at.] not fit or qualided ; not fuiied to the ufe it is deligned for. IMPRO'PERLY, Adv. in a manner not fit or adapted to its end ; unfcafonabic; in an inaccurate manner; in a manner inconiiftent with rcafon, or the nature of things. To IMPRCPRIATE, V. A.' to convert anything public to private ufe ; to anog.ie, or alTume as be onging to one's fclf. In Ca- non Law, to transfer tlie podcfiionsof a church into tlie hards r,f a layman. IMPROPKIA'TION, S. the ftate of a church benefice which is in the hands of a layman. IMPROPRIA'TOR, S. a laymnn, who has the pofTeflion of the lands of the church. IMPROPRi'ETY, S. [\^:proprUu, Fr.] any thing which is unfit for the end it is af- ligned, and unfuitable to the perfon tf) whom it is applied ; sn application of a word in a (enfe inconf!(ter,t with the rules of grammar, 1 o IMPRO'VE, V A. to advance or raifc a thing from a bad ftate to one of greater per., feftion ; to advance in goodnefs, or learning. LMPRO'VABLE, Adj. [of mpr-.-ve^ ca. pablc of being m.id'-- better, or of advsnciiig tiom a good to a iKttcr ftate. IMPRO'VABLENESS, S. capablenefs of being made bettci. IMPRO'VFABLY, Adv. in a mannerthat admits of being made better, liVIPRO'VEMKNC, S. the advancement or progrefs of ::ri y thing from a good to a bet- ter ftate; advarjc^-ment in learning. IMPRO'VF.R, S. one who advance? iu learning and g;?ci.'.efs, lA makes citha- him ■ I M P fcU" or any tiling clfebetter ; that which makes any tluns; better. ilMPRO'VlDKNCF,, S, {See Tm;>ro'v}Je.tf] want of caution or tbrethouf^ht ; vvunt of tak- ing fuch meafitres as might klTcn or prevent any fntnrc calamity IMPRO'VIDENT, Adj. [Im/'ioi'iJus, Lat] rvithiHit any forefiwlit or caution, with refpe^^ to any future circumllance ; without any re- gard or prepiration for any future caj.imity. IMl'RO'VIDKNTLY, Adv. without care or caution to prevent or prepare againll any futurecalamity. IMPROVrslON, S want of forethought or preparation to prevent oi-fupport any fu- ture calamity. IMl'RU DF:NCE, S. [Fr. ;»J/>'W. ';.'i.r, Lat.] wanting judjinTent, caution, or a proper regard for ourintcrclt, and the confeijusnces of our acflions. I'MPUDENCR, or I'MPLIHENCY, S {mpudcnt'n7,'L-iX.'] want of mode'ly ; the qua- lity of doing amill;, without any regard to the opinion of others, or any feale ot the naiiuc of tlie crime. I'MPUDENT, Adj \impudf!!u Lat.] nor alleoAid with Ihame for having done amifs ; perfilVing in a fault with boafling ; wanting modefty. I'MPUDEMTLY, Adj in a (hamelefs manner ; without modcfty. To iMl'U'GN, V. A. [imfr'gncr, Yv.] to att"iCk ; to oppofe cr contradict an aflertion. IMPU'GNKR, S. one that attacks or op- pnfes an opinion. IMPUI'SSANCE, S. [Fr.] feeblenefs or ■want of ftrength. I'MPULSE, S \hnpu!fus, Lat.] the fliock or force given and communicated by one bo- As afting upon another; an influence, idea, or iiK'tive atfting upon the mind ; an attack of an ewemy. " Suftain the iw/>:i'l'e."' Prior. IMPU'LSION, S. [im/>;////o, Lst.] the ac- t",t)n of a body in motion on another body. inHuence, applied to the mind. IMPU'LSIVE, Adj [iw/«'//i/', Fr.] having the power of moving or aifling upon. IMPU'NITY, S. [impur.ki', Fr. imfumtas, Lat.] freedom from punifliment ; exemption from the punilhment due to crime,?. IMPU'RE, Adj. \ impure, Fr. impurus, Lat.] rot having that fanctiiy, virtue, or modefly j-cqiiired by the laws of religion, or by the Jiiftates of nature. Foul, muddy, or drofTy, applied to liquors. IMPU'RELY, Adj. with immodefly or un- chafUty. With foulnefs, applied t.) liquors. IMPU'RENF.SS, or IMPU'RI fY, S. want of that regard to decency, chafk-nefs, virtue, or holincfs, which our duty requires ; an aft of unchaftity. Foulnefs, appli.-d to liquors. To IMFU'RPLE, V. A. to make of a pvu'plc colour. LMPU'TABLE, Adj. [from inputc] that I N A which may be laid to a perfon's cliarge ; ac- cufahle ; liable to be accufcd with a fault. IMPUTATION, S. [Fr] the aftof char- ging with ill ; cfnfure, reproach, or accufation. IMPU'TATIVE, Adj. that whicha perfon maybe accufed for; that which may be afcrib- ed to another. To IMPU'TE, V. A. {imputer, Fr. br.puto, Lat.] to charge with ; to accufe, or attribute ; to reckon as belonging to, or done by a per- fon, though performed by another. IMPU'TER, S. he (hat charges a perfon with having done a thing; he who attributes the merits or aiQions of a perfon to another. - IMPU'TRIBLE, Adj. [,nr/.«.'Wi;7H, Lat,] not able to putrlfy ; incorruptible. I;V, Prep. [Lat.] applied to place, fignifies where a thing is; applied to time, the period- then exiftentjOr the (fate then prefcnt. Some- times it denotes power. " Is not in man." IJiihb. Tale. Rv, or for the fake of, ufed in. folemn entreaties. " hi th? names of all the " god^."'' Shak. For, apolicd *o caufe. "To " fight /'/ thy defence." ^hak. In as much implies, feeing that, or becaufe. IN, Adv within fome places, oppofed tO' ivltboui. Placed in fome particular (late. After cotnc or go, it denotes entrance. Clofe, orhome, applied to fencing. In, in compolition, has a negative or a privative fenfc, from the Lat. in > thus ar^allc denotes that which may be tilled, inarable that which cannot be tilled ; before a word beginning with r it is changed into r, as ir-rcgular ; before /, into /, as il-kgal, and into m before ;;.', and other confonants, zs immu- tabk, imprjlabu', Scc. INABl'LITY, S. want of power fufFicieut for the performance of any particular adlioa or defign, INACCE'SSIBLE, Adj. not to be reached j not to be come near or approached. INA'CCURACY, S. [t'wm inaccurate] want of ex liftricfs. INA'CCURATE, Adj. wanting accuracy 1 or cxniflnefs. INA'CTION, S. TFr.] cefTation from, or forbearance of, aflion or labour. INA'CTIVF, Adj. idle, lazv, fluggifh. INA'CTIVELY, Adj. in a lazy, llugglfli manner. INA'CTIVITY, S. a flatc wherein a per- fon ceafcs from labour or aiflion ; idlenefs ; reft. INA'DEQt'ATE, Adj not equal to the purpofe ; diJeifiive. In..dc<^:<c!tc ideas are fi>cli as are but a partial, incomplete, or imperfeifl reprefentation of thofe archetypes to which they are referred.' IN .ADEQUATELY, Adv. defeftively j impcrfeiflly ; incompletely. I NADVETITENCE, or INADVER- TENCY, S. \i-iain'ertc!icc, Fr. ] want of care, attention, orleliberation ; an aiff, or the ef- fect of negligence or inattention. I N A I N C TNADVER'TENT, AA], wiihout care or i inga peifon with the title or honour of a king attention ; negligent, INADVE'RT£N' rLY, Adv. in a care- lefs or negligent manner; without attenti&n or deliberation. INA'LIENABLE, Adj. that cannot be transferred or made ov'er to another. INM'LLMEMTAL, Adj. affording no nourilhment. " Things inaHmc7ital to be- " come alimental " Bacon. IInAMI'SSaBLE, Adj. [Fr.J not to be loft. " Thefe advantages are inani'JJuile.''' llan:r,:o'd. INA'MORATO, S. a rapturous lover. INA'KE, Adj. \h:anh, Lat.] void of mat- ter. LTed uii)flantively for fpace or extent j void of matter. " In the great inane." Locke. INA'NIMATE, or INA'NIMATED, Adj. \oi iniin'w.at'.;^., Lat.] void of life; not a<rtuaLed by a foul. INANITION, S. [Fr.j emptinefs; ap- plied to the velTels of an animal, when want- ing their ufual fulnefs. INA'NITY, S. emptinefs J fpace void of matter. ■ INA'PPETENCY, S. [of /« and j/.;>f/«;- ft-<7, Lat.] in Ivledicine, want of Itomach or appetite. INA'PPLICABLE, Adj. not proper for a particular ufe; not iiaving any relation to a Uibjeift or difcoiuie. JNA'PPLICATION, S. want of induflry .in Lufinefs or (ludy ; want of attention. IN'ARABLE, Adj. not fit to be tilled or plo-.ved. To INA'RCH, V. A. in Gardening, to grait by approach, or to ingraft one tree with another tiiat (lands near it. JNARTI'CULATE, Adj. llnarticu'J, Fr or emperor.' INAURA'TION, S. \]r,auratui, of inauro^ Lat.J to gild or cover with gold. " Their in- " i3i,7-rtC;5« or gildmg." Arbuth. INAUSPi'elOL'S, Adj. iil-omened; un- lucky; unfortunate. INBE'JNG, S. exirting within a thing; inherence. <' A fort of ir.hang in the fiib- " (fance itfclf." Watts. INBO'RN, Adj. born within ; innated ; implaned by nature. JNBRF/ATHED, Adj. breathed within. Figurative'y, infpiied, or iiiluled by iiifpira- tion. " Dead things witn /n^/ctj.'/LV fenfe." Mnt. IN'BRED, Adj. produced, bred, hatched, or generated witliin. 'i"o INCA'GE, V. A. to confine in a C32;c; to coop up or confine within any narro.v fpace. IXCANTA'TION, S. [of ;,vf«»mi^f,Lat.] charms or enchantment. INCA'NTATORY, Adj. dealing in, or performing by enchantment or'magic. To INCA'NTON, V. A. to unite to a canton, or to a fcparate community. INCAPABl'Ll FY, S. natural inabihty, or feebiciicfs ; a legal difqualifieaiion INCAPABLE, Adj. [Fr.] wantingpower to apprehend, learn, or undcrfland, applied to the mind. Not able to receive or per- form ; rendered unfit ; diiijualified by law ; not fubjedl or liable to. '♦ Incapable of fal- " Hiood." To INCAPA'CTTATE, V. A. to render unable or unfit to perform any thing. INCAPA'CITY, S. [inc.rpacin:, Fr.] want of power of mind or body ; W4ntingany nc- ccflary qualification, or the power of appri- KOt uttered with fuch dilHndnefs, that the bending, learning, or underftanding diiferent fyllablts may be perceived, as inhu man fpeech, INARTI'CULATELY, Adv. in a con- fufcd manner, fo as the dif^inft fyllables can- not be perceived in the utterance. IN ARTICU'LATENESS, S. confufion of founds; want of difliniftnefs in pronouncing. JNARTIFl'CIAL, Adj. contrary to, or inconf;f}ent with the rules of art. JNARTIFI'CIALLY, Adv. without art. INATTE'NTION, S. [Fr.j want of at- tention ; negligence. INATTE'NTIVE, Adj. without regafd- ing or confidering a thing heard ; ncgledling INCARCERA'TION, S, the art of con- fining in prifon ; the date of impiilbnmcnt. To INCA'RN, V. A. [hu-.in.o, Lat.| in Surgery, to cover with fiirlh ; to caufe flcfh to grow. Neutcrly, to lirerd lielli. To INCA'RNADINE, S [Fr. hcanui- clino, Ital.] to dye of a pale redorflefli colour. To INC A'R NATE, V. A. liitcamutus, of incarro, Lat.J to cloath or embody with flcfh. INCARNA'TIOX, S. th e act of aiTuming a body, applied in divinity to iliat act of Chrift whereby he btcame man. In Surpci)', the ft;ite of breeding (lefn, applied to wounds. INCA'RNATIVE, Adj. [iucamalf, Fr.] or dif regarding any thing that is fpoken to ! in Mi Jicine, that which produces or generates us, or done m oar li^ht. INAU'D1BLE,AJj. not to be heard j with- out found. To INAU'GURATE, V. A. ih:r.:'^Kra- tus, o£ huiuguro, Lat] to invert in a fujemn manner with any high honour, particularly tkat of an emperor or king; to begin wiih, ^ood omens ; to commence or bff^in. L\AUGURA'TION, S. the aa of invell- flefli. T... INCA'SE, V. A. to cover, inclofe, o;- wrap as in a c.ifc, INCAl-.' I lOUS, Adi. carelefs, or heedlcA. lKCAL"TlOUSLY,'Adv, without fufpea- irg di'ccit ; unwarily ; hcedl£r>iy. iNC'ENDIARY, S. [ircentiiarius, Lat.] one who mnlicioufly and niit'uUy ftts town* or liOiifrs rn fire. Figuritively, one who in- "SI m 3 ti-imes T N C I N C fliilics factions ; one who caiifes commotions ] falling irfbefiJes the mainMc/ign ; hippcninj in a flatc, or promotes qudircls between pri Vate perfonSi IN'CiNSE, S. [incenf ..}<!, Lat.] a perfume offered up in facrifice, " The ;Bfer_/ecjf rams." P/^L Ivi. !■;. To IKCE'NSF, V. A. to kindle or pro- voke the an;:;er of a perfon. INCEN'SEMKN r, S. r3ge or anger occa- ] {ioKcd by fume offence. I INCE'NSION, S. [iru-cr.f:,, Lat ] the aQ of kindling ; or the Ibte of being on fire I.MC&'NSO'<, S. one who kindles anger, or it^fl^mes the palHons. INCENSO;-lY, S. theveflel in which in- , cenfe or perfumes are burnt. INCE'NTIVE, S. [jna'«^'c««, Lat.] that which kindles, inflames, or provokes anger , a motive, encouragement, or fpur to acftion. IN'CE'NTIVK, Adj. adling as a fpur, mo- tive, or encouragement. INCE'PTION, S. [ir.-c^t'lo, Lat.] begin- nin". " The i->;(\»^fzo>; of putrefaction.' Buc. mCE'P > IV E, Adj. [!K:e}.-ti-vut, Lat.] that which implies beginning. IN'CE'PTOR, S. [Lat ] a beginner ; one who learns hi.^ rudiments. INCE'Ri ITUDE, S. [incertUuJo, Lat.J want of ccrtiinty. INCE'SS,\N I , Adj. [of w, negative, and frjans. Lat J continually; wi:hout intcrmif lion. TNCE'SSANTLY, Adv. without ceafing ; continually ; witliout intermifiion. IN'CEST, S. [mcc-j'ie, Fr. ir.cefiurn, Lat.] the Clime of criminal and nnn..tural com- merce witU a perfon within the degrcfs for h ddci^ i'^y the law. This formerly extended perfon to n^rion or liable to befa'. I'NCIDEN T, S. fomething that happcni befides the main dehgn ; a caiualty, or unex- pefted and unforefcen event. I'NCIDENTAL. Adj. happening without being forefeen, expected, or intended ; cafual. rNCIOENTLY, Adv. occafionally j be- fides the main defign ; by the way ; by the bye. To INCI'NERATE, V. A. to burn to afhcs. " It doth innnerate and calcinate." Bac. INCI'NER.ATION, S. the ad of burning any thing ro afhcs. " Salts made by incimra- •' ti?n/'' Bnylc. INCIRCUJMSPEC'TION,S. want of cau- tion. INCI'SED, Adj. [ivcifus, Lat. huifcr, Fr.] cut, or made by cutting. "The /nci/W lips.'* I'/ijem. INCrsION, S. [ir.dfio, Lat.] a cut, or wound made by a fharp inflrument, generally applied totl'iOle made by a furgeon. 1 he di- vif'on of the particles of vifcous matter by medicines. JNCI'SIVE, Adj. [Ir-.cijlf, Fr.] having the quality of cutting or fl'parating. IMCrSOR, S. [Lat J a cutler. In Anato- my, applied to one of the teeih in the forepart of tlie mouth. INCrSORY, Adj. [!>f;7-.;,r, Fr.] having the power of cutting or dividing. LN'Cl'iURE, S. {incijwa, Lat.] in Surgery, a cut, aperture, or wound made with a Iharp infli'ument. INCITA'TION, S \ir.dtatio, Lat.] an in- centive; an impuife ; a motive which fpurs a tcth'- fcvtnth, but feems now contined to the third. INCE'.<iTUOUS, Adj. [inccjh-ux, Fr ],guilty 'of incell', or the kno'.vledj^e of a perfon with- jn the degrees forbidden by law. iNCE'o 1 UOUSLY, Adv. in an inceltuous imnncr ; with an untvitural love. INCH, S. I mce. Sax. unch, Lat.] a mea- furc fuppofed equal to ihree barley corns laid end to end; the twelfth part of a foot ; a proverbial expreflion for a i'mall quantity ; a ciitical or nice point of time. " We watched *' you at :\n incb.^' ihai. To INCH, V. A. to drive out, or force in bv inc'nes. Figuratively, to give niggardly. 'iNCHO.VTlON, S. [indncitu.:, Lat J a beginning. " The hrik inchoatiofi of ihcih." Jla'e. ■ ■ IMCHO'ATIVE, Adj. \ Incloa-ivc, Fr Ui- c.bol-ati'vr.'!, Lat.] noting beginning. To INCi'DF, V. A. Iwrido, Lat.] to cut, applied in Medicine to acids or falts. INCIDENCE, or I'NCIDENCY.. S. \in. {■Jcti!,of inci-'o, Lat ] the direftion with V.'hich one body (trikes or fails upon another. rr;e'IDENT, Adj. [inna'ciis, Lar.] hap- TttHHi:' without cxDCiStaticn or being forcfetn ; To INCi'TE, V. A. [iKcito, Lat, wjfer, Fr. ] to flir up ; to pufii forward in a defign j to vi.'ge on ; to anitn.ite or encourage. INCI'TEMENT, S. a motive which urges a perfon to aftion. IN rVlL, Adj. Jinnvi/h, Lat.] wantmg the elegance of breeding; not behaving with kindnefs. See Unchnl INCIVI'LITY, S. ['wcMM, Fr.] want of compLifanccj rudcnefs INCLE'M, NGY, S. [lrc!e?fief!ce, Fr.] want of mercy; cruelty, or ha«-fhn?fs of treatment. INCLEMENT, Adj. not exercifmg mercy or clcir.ency : cnrel; void of tcndernc-is. Fi- guratively, fevere, or prodigiouf.y cold, ap- plied to feafons or climates. INCLI'NASLE, Adj. \ irc!it:iiol/is, Lzt.] having a propenfity; willing; having a ten- dency, or liable. INGLTN.VI ION, S. [Inclwitlon^ Fr.] tendency towards any point ; or the mutual tendency w!iich two or more bodies have to one .another; natural artnefs or fitnefs ; dif- pdrition orpropenf'iy of the mind to any par- ticular aflion. In Navigation, the tendency or oireiflion of the needle or compafs to the E. or \y. In Pharmacy, the ail of (looping u.vclk-1 I N C a vcflei in order to pour a liquor out free from its drtgs, Cilled likewilt drcantation. JNCLl'NAJ'ORY, Adj. having the qua- lity ot tcnoing to a particular point. INCLINATORILY, Adj. obliquely; with a greater tendency to one fide than ano- ther ; with (bme de\i:itign from N. or S. To INCLI'NE, V. N. [in^/w, Lst. iti- cUner, Fr. ] to bend ; to Icjn ; to tend to- wards any psrt. Figuratively, to be favour ably difpc^ld to. To INCLOI'STER, V. A. to Ihut up or confine in a cloilter or monallery. To INCLO'SIL, V. A. See Endofe. To IN'CLOU'D, V. A. to darken with .clouds ; to make d.nk ; to obfcure. To INCLU'i-'E, V. A. [indudo, Lat ] to inclofe, or flint in. Figurati\ely, to imply j tocompriic, c-mprehend, or contain. INCLl'^IVE, Adj. [inchjif, Fr. of in- dufus, Lat. j inclofed ; contained ; compre- hended in any fum or number. INCLU'^IVELY. Adv. comprehending or reckoning tlie thing mentioned. INCOEXrSTENCE, S. the quality of not exifling together. " The inccexijlcmc of dif- " ferent ideas." Loike. INCO'G, Adv. [contrafled from inc-gr.ito] in a private manner ; in fuch a manner as fhcws that a ptrfon would not be known. INCO'GJTANCY, S. [imog-rr.min, low Lat.] wiiHt of thought, or want of thinking on the n.iture andconfcquences of cur a(ftions. INCO'C;iTATlV£, Adj. wanting the power of tliinking. INCO'GNITO, Adv. See 7/;.-oe- INCOHE'RENCE, or INCOHE'REN- CY, S. wjut of being conne^eJ together, or of dependence on each other ; inconfilttnce; want of cohelion. INCOHE'RENr, Adj. not following a.-; a confequence; inconfillent ; without cohe- fion. TNCOHE'RENTLY, Adv. inconfinently: inconfequcntialiv. INCOMBU'STIBILITY, S. the quality of not being confiinned by fire. INCOM B U'ST I B L E, A dj . [incombujiibilh , Lat.] not to be confumed by fire. INCOMRU'STIBLENESS, S. the quality of not being v.afted or confumed by fire. I'NCOME, S. tl.-at wjiich an edate or pofl produces \early ; the produce of any thing. INCOMMENSURABl'LITY, S. [from, ihconimt-njurahle] the (fate of one thing com- pared to another, when they cannot both be nieafured by any common meafure, however fmall. INCOMME'NSURABLK, Adj. not to be rcdjccd to, or meafured by, any common meafure. JNCOrvIME'NSURATE, Adj. not admit- ting a common meafure j bearing no propor- tion to each oth.-fr. To L\C<.)MI\IODATE, or LNCOM- I N C MODE, V. A. [incommodoy Lat.] to make inconvenient; to be inconvenient to; to af- teft with trouble. INCOMAIO'DI0US,AJj.[.wcw;r6Aj,Lat.] inconvenient ; vexatious or troublcfome. INCOM!VIO'DIOL"SLY, Adj. inconvesi- ently ; not fuitcd to ufe or neccllity j not at eafe. INCOMMO'DITY, S. ^irtccmmodh/, Fr. inicmrr.odiras, hat.] an inconvenience; thjt which arreift.<; a perfon wiih a llight unevifincfs, without caufing any orrat injury. INGO.MMUNfCAr.I'LlTY, S. [from h- corrmuvkabk'] the quality of not being im- parted to another. INCOMMU'NUCABLE, Adj. n.ot to be impaited, or made the common riuht or pr'Bpeity of another ; not to be exprefled or explained by words. LMCOMMU'NICABLY, Adv. in a man- ner not to be imparteil, or to become the common quality or^iight of another; in fuch a manner as cjnnot be exprefled or explained. IN'CO.AIMU'NICATINO, Part, having no commerce or intcrcourfe with another. INCOMML'NiCATIVF, A.lj. rcferved. INCOMPACT, or INCOMI'ACTED, .'\dj. porous; loofe, or not having itspaits clofcly and flrongly joined togciher. INCO'MPARABLE, Adj fo excellent as not to have any tiling like it ; excel'eni be- yond competition. INCO'Ml'ARABLY, Adj. beyond compa- rifon or competition ; excellently. INCOMPA'SSIONATE, Adj. void of pity or tcndcrnefs ; not touched or jffi.rttd with the miferies of another. INCOMPATIBI'LITY, S. [from jVrc^v- patiilc] the quality which renders a thing not poflible to exilt, or to be reconciled with an- oclur ; inconfiftency of one thing with an- other. INCOMPA'TIBLE, Adj. {incon,f>ati!>k, Fr.] impolTible to fubfilt with fnmething elfe ; inconfiltent with fomething elfe; irreconcile- able. IN'COMPA'TIBLY, Adv. inconfiftently. INCO'MPETENCY,S.],n<',r,/,./f«ff, Kr | inabihty. In Law, want of a proper qualifi- cation. INCO'MPETENT, Adj. not fufficienr, or not proportionate to an undertaking. In Civil Law, not having aright or qualification for the performance of a thing. IKCO'MPETENTLY, .-idv. unfuitably ; in fuch a manner :t,s rot to be proportion --tc tg, INCOMPLE'TE, Adj. not perfcft or fi- nilhed. INCOMPLF/TENESS, S. impcrfe(f\ion ; the flate of a thing which is no; hiiinied INCOMPLI'ANCE, S. obtlinate or un- tra^ablenefs of temper j want or refufui of compliance. INCOMPO'SED, Adj. dirtutted, or dii'jr- dered. M m 4 !\TOM- I N C TNCOMFOSSIBI'LITy,S the qualify of not being joined or e:.ifHng together with Ibmethins elfe ; inconfiltency INi. OM':'0'SSIBLE, Auj. not pofiible at one and the fame time, or in one and the fame fiihjeft. INC.OMPR.rHrNsIBrLITY, S. \incom- p> ehenf.olli;?\ Fr.] the quality of not l->ein(» -er- fcctl\ or adequately connpreliendeJ by the mind thouq;h it may ue cinccived imperte^iy. IN'.OMPRi HrVNSIBLE, Adj. not to be fully or peifcclly underftood or compre- hended INCOMPR^HE'NSIRLENESS, S. the qmlity of not hting comprehended. INCOMPR'^'SSIBLE, Adj. fFr.] not capable of being pte{Ted or fqueezed together into a narrower rnnipars. IM( OMPKRSSIHI'LITV, S impodibi- lity of being prefTed or fqueezed into a lefs fpuce. IMCONCE'AI.ABLE, Adj. not to be bid, or kep' fccret. " 1\\clr.coviedlabk imperfcc- •' tior.s." Brc-^vr.. IKCONCE'lVAELE, Adj. not to be con- ceived or apprehended by the mind ; that of which we can f.irm no notion or idea. INCOMCK'FVABLY, Adv. in a manner beyond the npniehenfion of the mind. INCONCE.VTIBLE, Adj. not to be con- ceived or comprehended by the mind. INCOMCLU'DE.vT, /*dj. not conclnfive; not inferring a confequencc. " single, '"- " ccrcludcm" Axlif. . IN'CONCLVSIVF, Adj. not forcing any afTcnt of the mind, or containing any forcible fvidf-nce. INCOKCLL''SIVENES«;, S. want of ftrength oi reafoning fufficient to prove a thing, or gain the aflent of the n-ind. INCONCO'CT, or INCONCO'C TED, Adj. fof in, cor. and coEim, Lat.] in Surgery, rot ripened cr digcfted. INCONCOCTION, S. in Medicine, the ftatc of being crude, indigefled, or unripe. JNCONCU'RRING, Adj. not concurring. INCO'NDITE, Adj. [inccndltus, Lat.] ir- regular ; rude ; unpoljQied. " Carol Incon- " dlf rhime.s." Philips. INrCONDI'TIONAL, Adj. without re- ftrii.'lion, limit.Ttion, or condition. INCO'NGRUENCE.S. want of fitnefs or fuitnb!en?fs. IN'CONGRU'ITY, .*;. [inro^gruiic\ Fr.] tinfiiii.!!.lcn<n; of one thing to another j in- conHrtence; impropriety; abfiirdity. IN'CO'NGRUOUS, Adj. [ivccr.giu, Fr.] unAi'tablc ; inconfiflcnt ; nbfurd. INCO'NGRUOUSLY, Adv improperly; inconfiflertlv ; ahfurdly. INC:0'NSC10NABLE, Adj. void of the f-nfe rf good .md evil; without any remorfe of fonff icnre. INCON.^FQUENT, Adj. without a jufl ponclufjon; without a regular inference. I N C IN'CONSI'DERABLE, Adj. unworthy of notice ; inbgnificant ; of no importance. IMCONSl'DERABLENES>, S. want of naerit, worth, or iignificancy j want of im- por'ance. INCONSI'DERATE, Adj. [ineonfiJeratus, Lat.] without regarding the nature or confe- qucnees of our actions ; carelefs; ralh. INCONSI'DEkATELY, Adv. in a neg- ligent, thoughtlefs. or carelefs manner. INCONSl'Di-RA lENFSS^ S. want of thought ; want of regard to the confequcnccs of cur aftions. INCONfSIDERA'TION, S. want of thought; r^flmefs. IKCONSI'sTING, Part, not fuitable to, or agreeing with ; not confiftent or compa- tible with. INCONSI'STENCF, or INCONS'IS- TENCY, S. fucli an oppofition between propodtions, th.it one implies the denial of the other; fuch contrariety of qualities that both cannot fubfill together ; incongruity ; unfleadinefs. INCONSI'STENT, Adj. not to be recon- ciled with. " Jncor.jijl-r.t with juflic ." Clarend. So contrary, that one i.mplies the denial or dc(lru(flion of the other, applied cither topro- pofitions or qualities. Abfurd. INCON'SrSTENTLY, Adv. ahfurdly ; unrcfonably ; with felf-contradiftion ■, in a manner oppofite cr incompatible with any thing elfe. INCON.SO'LABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to be comtoited. INCON.SO'NANCY, S. difagreement with itfelf ; not agreeing in found. I.SCONSPI'CL'OUS, Adj. not to be feen. " Jr.ccrfficucui bubbles." Bcyk. Not worth notice. IKCO'NSTANCY, S. [incorftarce, Fr. In-, rcnftan'tia, Lat.] unfleadinefs ; a difpofition of mind continually changing. INCO'KSTAN 1 , Adj [inconJ}avs, Lat.] not firm in refolution ; not fleady in affec- tion ; varying in difpofition, temper, or con- duct ; often changing. INCONSU'MABLE, Adj. not to be wafted. INCONSU'MPTIBLE, Adj. [of in, and conJ-n:pt:,5, Lat.] not utterly to be dellroyed or wafted by fire, or other means. " Inccn- " Jutnf-iii.'e lights." Di^by. INCONTE'STABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to lie difputed ; admitting no debate. INCONTE'STABLY, Adv. in fo certain a manner a.<; not to admit of doubt crdifpute. INCONTI'GL'OL'S, Adj. not touching ; not near. INCO'NTINENCE, or INCO'NTINEN- CY, S [ir.coitincniia, Lr.t.] not abllaining from unlav. ful dcfires ; luft. INCO'NTINENT, Adj. [incovtincm, Lat.] uncliaftc, or not reftraining unlawful dcfires. a IN CON- I N C INCO'NTINENTLY, Ady. uncliaftely; ■without del i-y; immediately." ^^Incontinently f^ I left Madrid." /Irtutb. INCONTROVERTIBLE, Adj. fo plain or certain as to admit no difpute. INCONTROVE'RTIBLY, Adv. in a manner fo plain or evident as to admit no dif- INC0NVE'NIP:NCE, or INCONVE'Nl- ENC\, S. unhtneiV, oruniuitablenefs. " The " imon-jatknce, not the uiilawtulnefsot' popilh " apparel." Hooker. Any thing which caufcs imealinefs, or proves an hindranceorobftack. INCONVE'NIENT, Adj. [F.] difadvan- tageous ; unfit ; unicaionable. INCONVENIENTLY, Adv. in a man- ner not fit and fuitable ; iinfeafonably. INCONVE'RSIBLE, Adj. rcferved 5 not inclined to convcrruion ; not affable. ] INCONVERTIBLE, Adj. not to be al- tered or dunged. INCONVL'inCIBLE, Adj. not capable of being convinced, or tiTcei to alleat to the trutli of a propolition, Quc INCON vi'NClLiLY, Adv. incapable of being convinced. INCORl'ORA'LITY, S. [weorporalhe, Fr. j not conlilting of body or mailer. To INC'CyRPORATE, V. A. [mcorforer, Fr. J to mingle diireient ingredients together \ ru join tugeit.er inieparably j to form into a . company, fociety, or body politic 5 to unite or ailociate. , INCO'RPORATE, Adj. not confifting of m::tter or body ; innnatcrial. United to- gLilicr by charter, appheJ to focicties or com- muni ties. INCQRPORA'TION, S. [Fr.] the union ofdifFercnt ingredients; the formation of a body politic, or the uniting ieveral pcrfons together by charter, adoption, union, or af. iociation. IXCORPO'REAL, Adj.[;>fo/-/wW/r, Lat.] not confiRing of matter or body j fpiritnal. JNCORFO'Ri, ALLY, Adv. without body. FNCORPORI'KTY, S. the quality of be- ing void of, or diltinifi from body or matter. To INCO'RPSF, V. A. to incorporate, or unirc into one body. " As he had been in- " cvpjed — with the brave hone." Shak. Not in ufe. INCORRE'CT, Adj. not accurate or nicely finilhcd ; imperfect; faulty. INCORRECTLY, Adv. in a faulty or imperfect manner. JNCORRE'CTNESS, S. the quality of having faults that are not amended. INCORRIGIBLE. Adj. j Fr.] bad be- yond the povVer of licing made better by cor- rtdtion ; erroneous or faulty beyond hope of jiinrn£tion or amendment. INCO'KRIGJBLLNf-SS, S. the quality of being obOinately bad. INCO'RRlGIhiLY, Adv. bnd to fuch a dcf^ito, as to leave no hopes of anicndment. I N C INCORRU'PT, or INCORHUPTED Adj. free from any foulnefs or fm j of pure and honefl manners j of integrity above the power of bribes. INCOkRUPriBI'LITY, S. the quality of not being liable to decay or corruption, INCORRU'PTIBLE, Adj [ Fr. fometimes accented on the fecond fyllablej not capable of decay or corruption. INCORRLi'PTlON, S. f Fr.] a ftate free from corruption or decay ; a ftate of integrity beyond the temptation of bribes. INCORRU'P TNESS, S. inviolable puri- ty ; unlhaken integrity; unalterable hontfly; freedom from decay, degeneration or cor- ruption. To INCRA'SSATE, V. A. [of ht, and frfl//.7j, Lat.] to make thick, applied to li- quors. I INCRASS.VTION, S. the art of making thick ; the ilite of growing thick, applied to fluids. INCRA'SSATIVE, Adj having the powrr or qa.ility of making tliick, applied to fluid.;. ■io INCREASE, V.N. [ir.aejco, Lar.J to glow more in number, or greater in bulk , to receive addition. INCRE'ASE, S. the date of grovting more, applied to number ; or of growing greater, applied to hulk ; any thing v.hith is added to the original flock ; gain ; produce. INCRE'AStR, S. that which adds to the number or bulk of things. INCRE'ATED, Adj. not created. INCRhDIBI'LrrY, S. [wacdiLi!h<r,Yv.'] the quality of furpafling, or not being worthy of belief. INCRE'DIBLE, Adj. [btTrcdililh, Lat.j furpafling belief ; not worthy of belief. INCREDtJ'LITY, S. [;><.-r,vMV/, Fr.J the quality of not believing, notwithftanding luf- ticient proofs to derr^and aflent. INCRE'DULOUS, Adj. [Incrcduhts, Lat.] not believing, notwithftanding arguments luf- ficient to demand alTent. INCRE'l ULOUSNESS, S. See Incredu/lty. IN'CREMEN r, S. [incremcntum, Lat.] the a<ft of grcwing greater ; the caiife of growth; produce. INCREPA'TION, S. \tncrepatio, Lat.] the aft of chiding for a fault. " Reprehen- " fion and incnfations." ILnim, Not ill ufe. To lNCRU'ST,orINCRU'STATE,V.A. \in<:riiJio, Lat.J to cover over with ahard Aib- (tance or cruft ; to cover over with an addi- tional coat of marble, fefc. JNCRU'S f ATED, Adj. %cc Inciuflcd. INCRUSTA'i ION. S. [Fr.] the aft of covering a wall, or columns, with a lining or coatin'f of marble, pottery, or flucco work. INCRl^SfFD, Part, in Aichitefture, ap- plied 10 walls or columns covered with feve- ral pieces or flips of ibmc precious marble or ftonc. To I N C I N D To IM'CUBATE, V. N. [;«ttifl?ai, of ] IKCU'RVITY, S. \hcurvus, Ut.]crooy- yxubo, Lat. ) to fit upon eggs. tdncfs, or the (late ot' bending inuaidi INCL'BA'TlON, S. [i/u-fcZ/jo^, Lat.] the '- Tht: huuii'iry oia. dolphin." Bicivn. jctot fitting upon e^gs to hatch them. JKDAGA'TION, S. a fearch in order to IN'CUBUS, S. I Lut. ;nci^i», Fr.J in Phy- j diftover fomcthing unknown j tue a<fl of fic, a diforder, called the night-nure, in i tr-cing. vhich tile patient cannot flir himfclt, hut IND.AGA'TOR, S> one who endeavours with tlie uimoll; difficulty ; is kizcd with a numhnefs, fcnfe oi weight, with a die.id of AiiTbcation of being f(]ucezed to Jcith, from £)mc body which fccms to fall fuddenly upon him. It confills of an inflation of the mem braties of the ftomach, which hinders the Kiotiijn ot" the diaphragm, lungs, pulfe, and motion, attended with a fenfc of weight op- preflmg tl;e breath. To INCU'LCATE, V. A. [irfcukatusy of irculco, Lat.] to imprefs on the mind by fre- <juent admonitions ; to enforce by conllant and inceflant repetitions. INCULCA'TION, S. iheadof imprefling by frec|Uc:nt admonitions. INLU'LPABLP:, Adj. not to be found fault with ; free from guilt. INCU'LPABLY, Adv. in a miinner free from guilt. INCU'LT, Adj. [i-iiuhe, Fr.] not cultivat- ed or tilled. " Forells huge //ji«/f." TLomf. INCL'MBENCY, S. [oi ir.cumhcnt] ihe aft of lying upon fomething ; the (Lte of keeping, or being refidi in on, a benefice. INCU'RIBFNT, Adj. {Incumber-, Lat.] rerting, or lying upon ■■, impofcd or re^juired as a duty. INCU'MBENT, S [hmimben,, Lat.] in Law, one who is in prefent poliedion of an e.clellartical benefice. To INCU'.MBER, V. A. [enc<m:hrer, Fr.] to perplex, embarrafs, or hinder, by any im- pediment. *' Incumbered with fome new de " lay." Dn-d. To INCUR, V. A [wcurro, Lat.] to be come liable to punilTimcnt or blame. INCURABI'LITY, S. [incuiaiilite, Fr.] impolTible of being cured. INCU'RABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to be re- moved or cured by any medicine. INCU'RABLEN^ESS, S. the flate or qua- lity of not admitting any cure. INCU'RABLY, Adv. without remedy. INCU'RIOUS, Adj. notconfideringathing Avith attention enough to difcover its latent beauties ; having no defire of feeingor know- ing any thing new or ftrange. INCU'RSION', S. [h:curfus, of incuno, Lat.] a dangerous attack or a<i.,ult; an to find out a tiling by tracing it to its origin. To INDA'RT, V. A. to d:trtin. " More " deep will I Irdart mine eye." ihak. To INDE'B 1 , V. A. to charge with a d.cbt ; to put under an obligation by confer- ring a favour. ]^\DE'BTED, V.A. to charge uith a debt; to pm under an obligaiitft* by conferring a favmir. INDE'BTED, Part, under obligation for fome favour received ; having received money or goods for which a pcrlon is obliged to pay, or give an equivalent. LNDK'CENCY, .S. [iruhccrcc, Fr.] any thing unbecoming the pcrfon who commits it J an adtion unbecoming chaliity or good manners. INDK'CENT, Adj. [Fr.] unbecoming a perfon's rank and charafter. IN'DE'CENTLY, Adv. in a manner un- becoming a perfon's rank or ch^raiftcr. INDECl'DUOUS, Adj. in Botany, not falling off or Ihedding. INDECLI'NABLE, Adj. \indeclwahiln, Lat. J in Grammar, not admitting any alte- ratioRs in its lall i'yllable. INDECOROUS, Adj. [IrJeccrus^ Lat.] not becoming. INDECO'RUM, S. [Lat.] an aftion imbc- coniing the rank oi charafter of a perfon. INDEED, Adv. really ; in truth ; with- out doubt. " This limitation, irJccd, of " our author." Locic. INDEFA' riGABLE, Adj. [ir-.defatlgabilh, Lat. J not exhautled or wearied by continual labour; labouring as if never tiied. INDEFA'TIGABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as if never tired tv labour. INDtFE'ASABLE.orlNDEFL'ISABLE, Adj. not to be cut off, defeated, or made void \ irrevocable. INDEFECTIBI'LITY, S. [from indefec- 'Ule] tiie quality of being fubjeft to no decay or defedt. INDEFE'CTIBLE, Adj. [of ;«, negative, and deUrius, Lat.j not li.ible to decay, dcfeft, or failure. INDE'FINITE, Adj [IrAfxhus, Lat.] not detfrmined, ftttled, limited or refUain- rode or invafion of a country not fimounting i cd. Jn (jrammar, not limited or retrained to a concjucft. to any particuEr time, or ciict.mflar.ce. INCURVA'TION, S. [ircur-vatm, oiln-\ INO r'FINlTELY, Adv. in an undetcr- curt-o, Lat.] tlie aft of bending or making ! minate and loofe manner. crooked. An humble bowing of the bodv applied to religious worlhip. " Incurvtitkn *' and facrifice." i: tilling fleet. 'lo INCJRVATE,' V. A. [wcur-vatui, of i/.vi.i5, Lut.J to bend or makeciooked. INDK.'F1NITL'DE, S. a quantity or num- ber not limited by our underttauding, but yet finite. IN'DELI'BERATE, or INPELIBE- R AT ED, Adj [iiJcuo^:, Fr J not premi- ditaltd ; I N D tiifateJ ; not done wiih, or after <lue,C0D(Jde- Jiition. INDE'LIBFRATENE^S,S. without ccn- fideration ; rallinels; ruddenucfs. INDFJLIBLK, Adj. [vJclalc, Tr. in^a'i- hilis, Lat.J not to be eF.iCid or blotted out.: not to be annulled or abrogated. iNDt-'LlCACY.S wantofdeacacy; want cf (.leganee, or a rigorous obfervancc of de- cency. IN DE'LTC'^.TE, Adj. wanting decency INI.fcMMFICA'TION, fccurity again ft any lofs or penalty ; reimLurrcmcnt or rcp.iy- meut of lol.s or penalty INDEMNITY, S. [IndiKnite, Fr.] fecuri- ty ; or an exemption from punifhment. To INDENT, V, A. i of in and dens, Lat.l to form any thing in inequalities, like a f*)w of teeth ; to cut in and out iike waves. Neiiterly, to contradt, or bargain, INDENT, S. an inequality ; a dent of a waving furtace like thc.t of an indenture. " Trent fiiali not wind with I'uch a deep ir.- " dcrt" S/.:ik. INDENT.\TION, S. an indenture or Waving in any figure. INDENTURE, .S. a covenant, fo called becaufe the counterparts arc indented or cut in and out, or in a waving manner over each other. INDEPE'NDENCE, or INDEPENDEN- CY, S. [!ndej>enJarce, Fr.J freedom ; a ftate in which a pcrfon or thing is not controlled by, or any ways in the power of, another. INDEPPl'N! SnT, S. a perlbn who in religious affairs, holds thi.t every congregation is a complete church, (uLije^ to no fuperior authority. INDEPE'NDENTLY, Adv. without re- ference to, or connexion with, other things. INDE'SKRT, S. want of merit. INi'ES'TRUCTIBLE, Adj. impofiible to be deitroyed. INDETE'RMINATE, Adj. {'jndetermwe, Fr.] unfixed ; not reftrained or limited to any particulai time, circumftance, or meaning. INDi J E'RMINATRLY,Adv.inaloofe, vague, uncertain, or unfettled manner. INDETE'R MINED, Adj. not fixed or reOrainedto any particular time, circumftance, or meaning. INDETERMINA'TION, S. want of fe- folution or determination 5 a ftate of uncer- tainty. INDEVO'TION.S.PFr.] want of ardour, or zeal in reiii^ious worlhip. _ INUEVOLT, Adj. [indc'vot,Tr.]notre- ligious ; not zealous in tlie performance of religious 'iities. INDEX, S. [Lat j a difcoverer or pointer out; the table containing the content.s of a book, with the pages where they n;ay be found ; a Ht'le ftile, or hand, which points to the hour on the globe, or a dock ; a hand cut out or painted on a poll to direct I N D travellers the way to any place. In Granitnar and Printing, the figure of a hand with the finger pointing ufcd to denote fomc remark- ciLle pHlii<:>e in an author. ]n Arithmetic, a figure which Oicws the number of places of an jbf'jiure number of a logariihrn, and of what n.iture it is. In AnaVomy, the fore- fin f;er. INDEXTE'RITY, S. want of readinefs or h.indinels in performing a thin'^. INT)1A beyond ti>e Ganges, lies betweea the equator and lat. 37 deg, N. and l)etweea loi.g. 92 and ]o6 dfg E. It h bounded by I hibet and Boutan on tl;e N. bv'-'hina, Ton- quin, and Chochin-China, on the £. by the Jndian ocean on the S.and by the Hitlrcr In- dia, the bay of Bengal, and itreights of Ma- lacca, on to W. Its exteijt from N. to S. is about 2026 miles ; but its breadth is va- rious. INDIAN, Adj. [from Lidla] belonging to India. \!fcd iubftantivcly for a perlbn born in the Indies. IN'DIA PROPER, or the EAST-IN- DIES, was anciirly bounded l,y tiie coun- try of the SinjE on 'the W. and S. by the Montes Knioui (.v^ the N. and by the I\)<>ntes Damafii and the Meander on the E It had alio the liver Indus on the W and the In- diin i'ea on tiie S. into which it runs out by two peninfu'as Its preient Ijoundaries arc Ulbeclc 1 artaiy and I arbet on the N. another 1 hibet, the kingdoms of Afem, Ava, and Pe- gu, on the F. the bay of Bengal and the In- dian ocan on the S and the fame ocean and Ptrfia on iheV7 being ubout 2043 miles long from N. to S. and 141 2 b.oad from E, to W. but the fouthevn part of the peninfula is not 312 in breadth. All the countries within this extent arc lubjeift to the Great Mogul, and lie between hit. 7 and 4c deg. N. and be- tween long, 66 and 95 deg. E. It is often called Inooflan, from the liver Indus on its wcftern limits ; alfo Mogulltan, from the imperial family which now pofleffcs the throne, and delcended from 1 ameilane, a Moriil '1 artar. '1 he F.mpercr Aureng zeelie cnqucred Golconda, Vifiapour, and all the (outhcm kingdoms of India, in the year IN'LICANT, Adj Undkans, Lat. of .;«- Jicc, Lat.j to fhew, difcovcr, or point ou*L In Phvl:c, to point out a remedy. INDICA'TION, S, (Fr. ii.ciw.uo, Lat.] a mark, token, fign, or fymptom of fomc- thing whicJi is liidden, or not plain of itfislf: a dilcovery, or information of Ibmething that «as not know, jn Medicine, a fymp- torn difcovi-ring or directing what is to be done to cere a diftemper. INDl'CATIVE, Adj. {wdkatl-uus, Lat ] fhev'.inq, dlfcovering, or pointing out. In Graininar, tlie firft mood of a verb, v\hereiri it expreiics afiirniati(in, denial, doubting, or decluting. The Lnglilli i-.i.'iVtf/Wi' is formed in I N D in mofl of its tenfcs after the manner of the Saxuns. IML>rCATrVELY, Adv. in fucli a man- ner as ilicws, declares, Jifcovers, or betokens. IND'ICO, S. ablueilone brought from India, ufed in dying, painting, ^c. To IN'D'ICT, V. A. [pronounced /K^/J/f] to charge a pcrfon witli a crime, by a writ- ten accuiation, before a judge. INDI'CTMPINT, S." a bill, or an accufa don for an offence, exhibited unto jurors j a bill, or declaration, made in form of law for the benefit of the commonwealth. INi.n'. TION, S. [Fr.] a declaration or |)rochmation. In Chronology, a tycleor le- volution of fifteen years, which, when ex- pired, begins anew, ]t was begun in the year 313, in commemoration ot the great viilory gained by the emperor Conlbntine over Mezentius. INDI'FFERENCE, or INDITFEREN- CY, [i'-.dijfcrcnr-:, Fr. indiffeiciinn, Lat.J free- dom from bias or influence ; impartiality, or freedom fiom picjudice ; want ot atiiction ; linconccrnednefs. INDI'FFl'.RENT, Adj. [Fr.] not deter- mined to either fide ; unconcerned, or regard- Jell: ; not having futh a diilcrence as to oblipe tis to determine on cither fide ; neither Ci m nanded nor forbidden; neither good rRr bad ; pafliiblc; tolerable, " Very iiuujje- " rer.t paper." Addij. In this fenfe it is liimttinics ufed adverbially, as, " I am my- «' felf ;K(/rj7i.-«!f honeft." Shall. INDl'FFERENTLY, Adv. without di- flinclion, or intlining more to one than an- other ; \\ithout wilh, averfion, or emotion. "■ I'll look, on death ind'Jferemly.''' Shak. Not VvcU; tolerably; pafiiibiy. INDIGENCE, IN'UIGENCY, S. [w- ilJ7Liice, Fr.. irdigci'.iia, Lat.J want of the cou'.forts of life ; poverty. INDl'GKNOUo, Adj. [irdiger.e, Fr. in- digina, Lat.J native j originally produced or I.orn in a couniry. IN'OlGKivIT, Adj. JFr. ird}gcr.r, Lat.J i want of the coml'orts of life, or of money to procure them ; void ; empty} wanting. "/;;- *• <^,-^t;/^ of moiflure." Bacon. INTOrGE'ST, or INDIGE'STED, Adj. [it:dtgr/lu, Fr. ::idig'-fi!is, Lat.J not feparated or divided into regular parts ; not dlfpofcd in any order ; not formed or brought to matu- rity. " That irdigiji projedl." Shak. Not well confidcred or methodized. Not conco(ft- «d or altered fo as to be fit for nourifhment, applied to food. INDIGE'STIBLE, Adj. not to be altered in the flomach, or made fit for nourifhment, applied fo food. Not to be methodized, re- duced to order, or added to the improvements of the mind, applied to ideas or fentimcBts. INDIGE'STIOhJ, S. adiford-rin the fle- nidch, whereby it is rendered incapable of al- i N D taring the food it contains, fo as to make it fit for nourilhment. IlN'DI'GN, Adj. [pronounced indine ; from indigiie, Fr.J not worthy or deferving; bring- ing indignity or difgrace. "All indign and " bafe adverfities." Shuk. Obfolete. INDl'GNANT, Adj. \mJignans,_ Lat.] inflamed at once w ith anger and difdain. INDIGNA'TIO.Nf, S. [Fr. of indignath, Lat.J anger joined with contempt, abhor- lence, difdain, and averfion. INDI'GNITY, S. [ind'ignhe, Fr. ind'igvi- tas, Lat.J a reproachful or difgrateful aftiori, wherein the rank or character of a pcrfon is difrfj.idtd, and rrceivcs a very great injury. I'NDIGO, S. •icthiduo. INDIRE'CT, Adj. [ Fr. hdireaus, Lat.] not Orait, or in a right line. Figuratively, round about, or not coming immediately to the point ; not fair, hor.elt, or open. " Indi- " rtFi dealing." Tdlotf. INDIRE'CTION, S. around about man- ner of coming to a point ; diihonell prac- tice ; a fecret or oblique artifice or intention to deceive. INDIRE'CTLY, Adv. without coming at once to the point in hand ; in an artful, ob- 1 cjue or round about manner ; unfairly; not in an honefl: manner ; not rightly. INDIRE'CTNFSS, S. oldiquencfs ; the quality of not being m a ftrait-iine 3 unfair- nefi. INDISCE'RNIBLE, Adj. not to be per- ceived by the e^e, or mind. INDliCE'RNIBLY, Adv. in a manner not to be perceived. iNDiSCE'RPTIBLE,Adj. not capable of having iis paits feparated fiom each other. INDISCERPTIBI'LITY, S. the quality of not being capable of having its puts lepa- rated, or ot being deftroyed by diilolulion. JNDISCO'VERY, S. the rtate of not be- ing kr.nwn or difcovercd. " 1 he indljco-vciy "of its head." Br-ytuti. Not in life. INDISCREET, Adj. [indifcrct, Fr.J inju- dicious; imprudent ; ra!h ; inconliderate. INDISCkE'ElTLY, Adv. without mak- ing a proper choice ; without judgement or confideration ; rafhly. INDISCRE'TION, S. [Fr.] weaknefs of condiiff; imprudence; inconfideration, or want of judgement. INDIbCRl'MlNATE, Adj. [indlfcrjmwa- tiis, Lat.J not carrying any mark of diffe- rence ; without making any diilcrence or dif- tinflion. INDISCRI'MINATLY, Adv. without dif- ference or diftinrtion. INDISPK'NSABLE, Adj. [Fr.J net to be forborn, or excufcd ; neceflary. INDISI'E'NSABLENESS, .S. the fiate of a thing which cannot be excufcd, omitted, or forboin ; neccflitv. INDlSI'E'NbAaLY, Adv, in futh a man- ner % I N D I N D rifv ss not to be excuf^-d by any authbiity ; |inunicate to feveral in a diClinifl or feparare >;jt to be t'orboin ; abfol ,tely neccfury. m::nner. " Life is Indmduutei into infinite To INDISi'O'SE, V. A. [indijpojh; Fr.] " n\imbers." A'focr to make unfit ; to make averfe ; to (jilordc", oiniake unlit by difcjlc To alFcil with a lligiit difordf r, applied to health. IN'DISi^O'SEDNESS, S. a Itate of nnfit- nefs, or want of inclination j a (tate of health ieflcned by a nijilitdlforJcr, INDlSFOSl'rjON', S. fFr.] a tendency to ficknefs, or a flight diforder ; w.int of in- clination ; averfior. or diliike. INDISPU'TABLE, Adj. /fonietimes ac- cented, together with its derfvatives, on the I'econd fyllablej fo evident as to admit no dif- putc or controverfy. INDISFU'TABLENESS, S. the ftate of being fo evident as not to admit of difputc. INDfSPU'TABLY, Adv. in a manner fo evident as not to admit of difpute ; without oppofition. " LuUjputably granted to fo ma- " ny." Iloivil. INDISSO'LVATILE, Adj. not capable of having its parts feparated from eacli other. '' / d'ljjui-vahk in water." Nnuan. Not to be broken ; binding for ever, applied to bonds or contraifls. INDlSSOLUB['LITy,v S. [wdlfclulilite, Fr ] the (tate of the panicles of a body which cohere fo clofcly as not to be feparated. • INDI'SSOLl'BLE, Adj. fFr. h:d]ff'Auh]- Jis, Lat.J not to be feparated ; fhongly co- herin,q;; binding; obliging ; firm ; liable ; not fubjed to change or alteration. " ladij- " A/*/'/;- fl:ate." ThiKjon. 'INDFSSOLUBLEN'ESS, S. thequality of refiflins; a feparstion of its parts. I INDI'SSOLUBLY, Adv. in a manner re- fifiing a feparation ; ncve^- ceaHng to oblige. INDIiTFNCT, Adj. nor marked or dif- ferent fo as fo be feparated or jiKerned ; con- fufcd ; not difcernino exactly. TNDISTl'NCnON, S. wjnt of diHin- guiniing or perceiving the difteientc between things ; coni'ufion, or uncertainty. INDISTI'iMCTLY, Adv. confufcdiyj not to lie perceived pl.iiniy. r>JDl5.Ti'NCTNESS, S. confufion; un- cci talnty ; obfciirity INDiSTL'RBAN'CE, S. [in and diflur- ^^na- ] calm nefs ; freedom from any violent motions ; great traniiuility. INDIVIDUAL, Adj. [wdi-vidual, Fr.] feparate from others of the fame fpecies ; lin^'le^ not to be divided. INDIVCDUAL, S. a fingle perfon. "The " choice of ;Wk'jV//c.':." C.co:. INDIVIDUA'LITV, S. feparate or di- flinil exille:\ce. mniVt'DUALLY, 'Adv. without any diflinftion or diltlrence ; numerically. " In- *' di'jidtialjy the \ety idive." No'Jer. , To INDIVl'DUATE, V. A. [from /W/- ■viduKs, Lat.J to diflingiiifli from others of the fame fpeciss ; to make fingle ; to ccm- INDIV! DU'ATION, S. th^t which makes anv thing rhe fame as it was befoie. IMDlVlDU'ITY, Sf the ftate of being an individual ; the !bte of being what oneVas before ; idciitity. INDIVrNITY, S. want of godhead or divine perfection. IN'DIVISlBi'LITY, or INDIVI'SIBLE- NE>S, S. ("from indi'vi^ble] the liate which can admit of no more divifion. H^ , INDIVI'SIBLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to""be broken into more parts ; not to be feparated into fmaller parrs ; fmgle. INDIVI'SIBLES, S. in Geometry, thofe indefinitely fmall elements or panicles into which bodies may be ultimateiv refijived. IN'IJO'CIBLE, Adj. not to be taught ; not capable of rcceving inllruffion. INDO'CIL, Adj. [ir.dwlc, Fr. indoilUsy Lat.] not receiving any benefit from, or re-, garding, iniliuiftion. INDOCI'LITY, S. [indccUhe, Fr.] the quality 'of difregarding or refufing inilruc- tion. . . To INDOCTRINATE, V. A. [cndcc tr'wcr, old Fr. j to inftrucl: j or teach. " In " indbcinnatw^ his young unexperienced fa- " voLirite." Clarend. ' I?.!DOCTRINA'TION, S. the aft of. teaching, or forming a perfon's principles by inllrinftion. IX'DCLENCE, or INDOLENXY, S. [i)}dokrrria, Latj] freedom from pain or un- eafinefs : hzincfs ; or a- flite wherein a per- fon conjtinu^.'s inaiftive without any reg.ird or attention to any thing he fees around him. The firlt fenfe is obfolete. INDOLENT, Adj ina^ive cr lazy; without any regard to what palles around one. IN'; 0LP:NTLY,^ Adv. inaaively, and witliout regaid to any thing around one. To IN'DOW, V. A. [of ;> and dcuer, Fr.] to give a portion to. Figuratively, to enrich with gifts, either of fortune oi- nature. Sec Eiuhiv. <, INDRAUGHT, S. [pronounced jV.a'/v?/??] an opening in the land into which the fea flows. " No Indrau^hta, bays, gulphs." Ra- leigh. An inlet or paOage inwards. fo INDRE'NCH, V. A. to foak ; to drown. " My hopes lie drown'd — they Ire " i.'.dnr.ch'd:' Shak. INDU'BIOUS, Adj. [in mAduhtMs] with- out doubting or fufpeifling ; certain ; pofitive. " An mduiious confidence." llci-ty. INDU'BITABLE, Adj. [er.duLitaHe, Fr. indubitahdn, Lat ] fo certain or evident, as to admit no doubt or fufpicion ol' its truth. INDU'BITABLV, Adv. in a manner fo evident and certain, as to admit no doubt. IM I N D INtJU'luTATE,, A'Jj. [mduhhatus, Lat.] unioiiliteJ j un^iK'fticneJ. To INDL'CK, V^ A. lir.duiie, Fr. irduco, Lit.J to pei-ruade ; co pre^•dil on. 1 o olfer by way ot" induction, or by way of confo- ouface drawn from feveral parricuhrs, ap- plied to reafoning. ^ o inci-'lcate or enforce by argument , to produce as an argument or iirtaiice. " Toexprobatc tlveir Itupidity, he *' enducctb the provid.-nce nffiorks." Broiuit. 'T'u bring intovirwj to introduce. " Jn- •' duiing I)is perfonj^es." I'ope^ INDLCEMtNT, S. a motive which al- lures or pcrruidcs to any thing. To IN'DU CT, V. A. [vwuBui, of induco, Lit. j to brinjj in or introduce. '* CernrK)- " nies indirUd by the Venetians." Sandys. This fenfe '\s- obfok-te : — 'lo put into a£lual poiTcfTion of a benefice liSDU'CTION, S. [Fr. ind'^a'a, Lit] in its pri.n'.ry icn'e, iiurodu£tion, ore^trance; nu^v oblokte. in Logic, the a<fl of inferrini; 1 N E INDURA'TION, S. the ftate of growing ha' d ; the aft of making hard ; hardnefs of heart. JNDU'STRIOUS, Adj. {indtfywx, Fr. oi mduf.iiu:, Lat.] aftive and conllunt in maniidl labour, bulincfs, or fl'idv. INDU'STRIOL'SLY, Adv. with conftant and interne application of mind, or cxercife of body ; with great care, diligerce, an"! afii- duity. " L:dujins!fj,y attempted." tacon. LNDU'STkY, b. \ind;^fjrie,Fr. hdi.'_fina,' Lat ] dilligence ; conflant application of the mind, or exercife of the body. lo INL'KRTATK, V. A. r;Wr;Vf«.t, Lat.] to make a perfon dj-urk with (frong li- quors. Figurativ.;!y, to intoxica'.e with praife, grandeur, or fi.cccli. I E'BRLATION-, S. drunkcnnefs. IN'tFF ABILITY, S. [of i^jTaiie] the quality of being beyond the power of lan- gu-'g^- Adj. f Fr. of ineffahiili. LN'E'FFABLE, general propof;::on irom feveral particular I Lat.] not to befpoken, uttered, or e.xpreded. ncs ; a conlequcfice drawn from ievcral pro- j IN' fc'FFAiiL /, Adv. in fuch a jnanner, or ■ ''..-• r.- ,- j^ ^^ j.^jg[^ ^ degree, as not to be expreflud by words INEFFE'CTIVE, Adj. [incfeP.-f]. that which can produce no efifft. INtFi-ECTU'AL. Adj. not to have power fufBcient to produce its proper eff'eft j weak j withont power, oroper^tiiig in vain. INEFF E'CTUALLY, Adv. lo no purpof: ; without eJecl. INEFFE'CTUALNFSS, S. want of power to procnie its proper effe<ft. INEFFFCACIOUS, Adj. \:.-!c^cac!, Fr. incficax, Lat.] unable to prodCce any eticfts i weak ; feeble j a<fling to no purpofe. INE'FFiCACY, S. vvant of power to pro- duce an efTecl ; the quality of operating in vain, or to no purpofe. INE'Lf GANcE.orlNE'LEG.'UN'CY.S. [from i»iiep-ant] me:.nntTs ; want of addrefs. INELEGANT, Adj. [hckgar.s , Lat.j poliu.>ns. in Law, the aft of giving poliel lion <)f a benefice to an incumbent. INDU'CTIVd, Adj. contributing, lead iin or perfuafive j capable of inlerring or in- cluding. To INDU'E, V. A. [/W«9, Lat.] to in- vert : to communicate 6r give a quaiity lo ; as Johnfon obfervcs, it is fomctimes, even by ''ood writers, confounded with cadczti, or inUiiv. 'lo INPU'LGe, V A. [jnda/geo, Lat.] to 'ratify or graiU the dcfj-.esof another as a favour ; to favour or iofler ; to give inJul- ^'^INDU'LGENCE.or IMDU'LGENCY, S. \lt:du/^c>:c(:, Vr ] compliance with, or grant- ing the dellresand rcquclU of others through fondneis ; forbearance, or connivance at faults ; a favour granted. In tiie Romilli church, the rcmiifion of puniihment due to a im, granted oy the church, and fuppofcd i not nice ; mean ; dcfpical)le. to five the £nner from purgatory I INELOQL'ENT, Adj. not fpeaking with INDULGENT, Adj. \irduigens, Lat.]jeafe, volubility, or the riowers of rhetoric ; kind; gentle; complying with the requelfs, cr gratifying the delircs of another, tlirough londnefs'; mild, or favourable. l\DU'LGEN FLY, Adv. with kind com- pliance, and fond gratific.uion ; without fe- verity or cenfuie. INDU'LT, or INDU'LTO, S [Ital. and Fr.J a fpeci.l favour or privilege granted ei- ther to a commiuiity, or private perfon, by the pope's bull, by which they are lictnfed to door obtain fomething contrary to the com- mon laws. In Commeice an impoll laid by the king of Spain on goods impoued by the g-.-.lleons. To INDURATE, V. N. [Induratui^ortn- durc, Lit.J to grow luid. Aftivdy, to make Laid. not perfuafive. INt'PT, Adj. [incptus, Lat.] unfit, or unfuitable to any end or purpofe j ufclef^ j tririing ; foolifh. 1NE'PTL\, .Adv. in a trifling manner ; unfuirablv or foolillily. INE'PTITUDE, 'S. [from heptus, Lat.] unfitnefs i or unfuitablcnefs to any purpofe or end. INEQTjA'LITY, S. [iKegalitd, Fr.] the difference between two or more things coni- psred together ; disproportion to any ofSce, (fate, or purpofe; ditTirenceof rank orflation. INERRABI'LITY, S. [from iwmtk] the quality of not being fubjeft to error. INE'RRAELE, Adj. not lubjcft to error cr niiflidic, IN'ERRA- I N E IKE'RRACLEN'ESS, S, the qudllty of not being liable to err. IN'E'RRA^'LY, Adv. without poffibility of erring; infal!i!/]y. - INK'RRINGLY, Adv. withouterror, mif- take, or dcvi.ition, either from tiiith or right. I'n'E'RT, Adj. \hiers, Lat j dull; niotion- lefs ; moving with difficulty ; iliiggilh. INT/RTLY, Adv. iliKrgirnly ; or dully. IME'STIMABLE, Adv. \inejiimable, Fr.] fo valuable as not to be rated ; excscdin^^ all price. IN* VITABFLITY, S. the tiualityof not btiiis; poffiSJe to be avuidi-'d. iNK'VITABLE, Adj. [Fr. ine-vltabilh, Lat.j not to be elcaped or avoided. INEXCU'SABLKNKSS, S enormity of crime beyond foiTJvenefs or paliiation. INKXCU'.SAbLR, Adj. [Fv. imx-ci^falUh, Lat.] not to be cxcufed, or not paliatabie by apoiooy. INKXHA'LABLE, Adj. that which can- not be evapor^.ted, or conlumed in vapours. INEXHAU'STED, Adj. not emptied ; not fpenr. INEXHAU'STIBLE, Adj. not to be emp- tied or drawn all out ; not to be entirely fpent. INF.XI'.STENT, Adj. not having being j not to be found in nature. INEXrSTENCE, S. want of being, or exigence. IN'EXORABLE, A.^j. fFr. from ir.exora- iills, Lat. ] not to be moved by entreaty. ^NEXPK'DIK^JCE, br JNEXi'E'Dlf N- CY, S. want of ficncfs or propriety ; unfuita- Llen efs fo time, place, or circuniftance. INEXPE'DIENT, Adj. improper, unnc- ccflary, or not prcduftive of any advantage. INEXPE'RIENCE, S. [Fr. want of ex pcrience ; without fufficicnt knowledge. INEXPE'RIENCED, Adj. [£ri>mincxpe- rience] not having pcrfonally tried, or had experience of. INEXPE'RT, Adj [hexpert,.!, Lat ] iin- fkilful for v. ant of cuUom or ufe. INE'XPIABLE, Adj. [ Fr.im'x/'ialUls,Lat.] not to be atoned or made amends for ^ not to be pacifii.'d or reconcikd by atonement. INE'X:PI.4.BLY, Adv. to a degree beyond atonement. INE'XPLEABLY, i^dv. infatiably ; 'in fuch a manner as not to be fatisficd. " Iih^^- " pleahly covetous." Sandys, INE'XPLICABLE, A'dj [Fr.Jfo difficult as not to be explained. INE'XPLK ABLY, Adv. in a manner not to be made plainer. INrXPRESSlBLE, Adj. not to be told, uttered, or conveyed by words. INEXPR E'.SSl BLY, Adv. in a manner not to be uttered or conveyed !)y woids. INEXPU'GNAIILE, A^!j. [Fr. kcx/.vgna- lUis, Lat.] not to Ije taken. by aflault j not to be fubdueJ. " An iinxj>vgriaUc appetite." iv^yi. I N F INEXTI'NGUrSHABLE, Adj. not to Ue quenched, applied to fire. Not to be fatisficd, applied to delires. INE'XTRICARLE, Adj. l?r. incxtricali- /is, Lat. J not to be dilmtan;j;led ; not to be explained or cleared from oblcurity. JNE'XTRICABLY, .Adj. in amannernot to be explained ; not to be difintanglcd. To INE'YE, V. N. [of//: and 9,:] to in- oei'.late, by inferting the bud of one tree into the ftock of anothei'. INFA'LLIBILITY, or INFA'LLIBLE- NESS, S. [infuUlbUue, Fr. ] the c[uality of not being fubi^d'l to be deceived or miftaken. INFA'LLrBLE, Adj. [Fr.] incapableof being miitaken or deceived. Certain, or never failing, applied to rriedicine. INFA'LLIBLY, Adv. without danger of deceit, or poffibility of being miflaken j cer- tainly. To INFAME, V. A. [infamcr, Fr. h:f^!no, Lat.] to dcfime ; to csnfure publickly for the co.Timiiuon of a crime. IN'FAMOUS, Adj. [hfan-J/wfatnavt, Fr. irfiimh, Lat.] notorious, or publickly bianded with guilt J of a bad eliaradter. IN FArylOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be known to be guilty of a crime or mif- demeanor ; fliamcfully ; fcand.iloully. IN'FAMOUSNESS, or IN'FAMY, S. [In- faniic, Fr. infamia, Lat. J lofs of character by crimes; difgrace; difcredit; reproach. IN'FANCY, S. {hrfancm, Lat.] the firft pa: t of life, extended by natv.ralifls to feven years, btlt by lawyers to twenty-one. J?i- gurativcly, the beginning or fii fl rife of any tiling. INFA'NGTHEF, HINGF'ANTHEFT, or INFA'NTHEFT, S. [of ;;;/ w^™, Sax. to catch, and thcof. Sax. a thief i in Law, a privilege or liberty grant 'd to lords of cer- tain manors, to judge any thief taken within ih.'^Ir fee. IN'FANT, S. [Fr. \nfam, Lat ] by Natu- railfls, a child from its birth to its feventh. year, but by Lawyers fo called till its one and twentieth, IN'FANTA, S. [Span.] a titje of honour given a prlncefs of the royal blood in Spain or Portugal. INFA'NTE, S. [Span.] a fon of the kings of Spain or Portugal. INFA'NTJCIDE, S. [Fr. \vfamc\d\um, Lat.] the llaughter or inaflacre of infants, applied to that committed by Herod. INFVNTILE, Adj. {infuntiih, Lat.] be- longing to the (late of an infant. IN'FANTRY, S. {inprunc, Fr.] the foot foldiers of an army. irJFA'RCTlON, S. {hi and/-rf.s, Lat. to ffulFj'a ftufling. In Medicine, aeon (Hp.'.tion. To INFA'TUATK, V. A. [^mfa.uMui, oi infatuo, Lat.] to make toolilh ; to deprive of underlLmding. I IN- I N F INFATUA'TIOM, S. the a'^. of making foo'.ifii, or df|>rivingofunderflan.'.ing. INFEASIBLE, Adj. not to be performed or practifed. To INFE'CT, V. A. [infe.ler, Fr. hfedus, of /;;;faa, Lat.J to diforder by fome noxious qualities; lo corrupt witli bad ii linuations. INFE'CriON, G. \?v. inferno, Lat.1 the <;ommur.ication of a difeafc by means of cfTiu- \'U or particle?, whjr-h fiy From diflempcied bodies, and mixing; with the juices of others, caufe tlie fame diforlers as the perfons had from whence they exhaled ; a plague. I^FE'CriOUS, Adj. caufmg diflempers Ly fomc noxious quality or effluvia. INFE'CT I OUSLY, Adv. operating by infection. INFECTIOUSNESS, S. the quality of cnmmunicatip;; tiiftempers by noxious quali- ties, or unwholefome efiluvia. IN'FE'GTIVE, Adj. ha- ing the power of caufing diflempers by noxious qualities or va- pours IM'-^ECU'ND, Adj. {,nfa;cur.du!, Lat.j un- fniitful : barren. INFECU'KDITY, S. barrennefs j want of a power to produce its like. INFELl'CITY, S. \rifcIklt€,Yv. infilld- tJ!, Lat.l a ftate deftitute of all the contforts and pleafurcs to render life agreeable ; un- happinefs. to INFER, V. A. \irfircr, Vf. ir.fero, Lat. 1 in its primary fenfe. to bring on. " Vomits infer fome fmall detiiment." Ear- vey. In Logic, to draw in another propofi- tion as true, by virtue of one already laid down as true. INFE'RENCE, S. |Fr] in Logic, a con- clufion drawn from previous arguments or propofitions. INFE'RIBLE, Adj. dedncible from pro- portions which went before. INFE'RIOR, Adj. lower in place, ftation, condition of life, value, or excdlency ; fub ordinate. " A thouAmd ?>/^/;> and particu- " lar propofitions." Watts, INFE'RIOR, S. one in a lower rank or ftation than anotlicr. INFEaiO'RlTY, S. [ivferhnte, Fr.] a lower ftatc of dignity, worth, or excel- lence. INFE'RNAL, Adj. [Fr. mfrr.us, Lat.] belongng toliell. Infernal ftcn(, in Medicine, is a very powerful cauftic prepared from an evaporated folution of filver, or cryftals of filver. INFE'RTILE, Adj. fFr.] not producing or yielding any thing, unfruitful; barren. INFERTILl'TY, S. [infrtllke, Fr.] un fruii fulnefs ; barrennefs ; want of power to produce To INFEST, V. A. [^nff'cr, luhfefo, Lat.] to harrafs, trouble, or plague. INFESTI'VITY. S. want of chearfulneis. I N F INFEUDA'TION, S. [w and faahp-.,, Lat.j in Law, the aO. of putting a pcrfon in- to poflifTion of a fee or eftate. IK'FIDEL, S. [irfdtUc, Fr. hifdelis, Lat.] one who rejects cr will not aflcnt to^the trr.'h of revelation, or the great principles of religion. INFIDE'LITY, S. [hfJe'it-, Yr. uifideH- ra:, Lat ] want of faith or reliance in Provi- dence ; difbelief of Chriflianity ; treachery or violation of one's fidrlitv. " The snf.deliti-'i " between the two f;xes " Sficclator. INFI'NITE, Adj. [!„fnitt>s, Lat.] having no bounds or limits. Perfect:, fo as to admit of no defc£l or addition, applied to the divine attributes Infinitely or very large, ufed in common difcourfe. IN'FINITELY, Adv. without limits or bounds. IN'FINITENESS, S. the quality of ad- mitting no bounds or limits. INFINETE'SSIMAL, Adj. thatw^hichis infi-iitcly divided INFINITE'SSIMAL, S. that which is lefs than any aflignable quality, called like- wife II fluxion. INFI'NITIVE, Adj. Unfnitif.Yr.irfniti- I'us, Lat.] in Grammar, applied to a mood, which denotes no precife time, nor determines the number of perfons of which any thing is affirmed, but exprefles things in a loofe in«{e- finite manner. INFTNITUDE, S. any thing which has' no bounds or limits ; an inconceivable num- ber. INFINITY, S. this word is taken in two fcnfes intirely different, i. e. in a poCtiveard a negative one. Pofitit'e infi:itY, is a quality of being perfecft in itfelf. or capable of re- ceiving no a.^ition, and is properly applieJ to the divine attributes or edence. Ne^ath'e inf.niiw is the quality of being boundlcfs, un- limited, or end lefs. INFT'RM, Adj. [infntie, Fr. />//-wi/j,Lat.] deprived of natural ftrengih by age or fick- nefs. Irrefolutc, applied to the mind. " Jn- " firm of purpofe." Sh&k. Not fit to fup- port ; not folid. " On /"«/«« ground." South. INFI'RMARY, S. [irfrmarie, Fr.] a place where lodging and board areprovided for licit and w-o'.;ndcd perfons. INFI'RMITY, S. [infrKite", Fr.] weak- nefs of fex, age. temper, mind, or body. INFI'RiMNESS, S. want of flrength, ap- plied to argumenr, underd.mding, or body. To INFIX, V. A. I'infxhs, from infvgo^ Lat. 1 to drive or faften in. To IN L'AME, V. A. [inpmmo, Lzt.] to kindle or fct bodies on fire. Figul•ativeI)^ to excite or kindle defire ; to magnilY a per- fon's faults. "An enemy/'/."«« his crimes." yiddif. To provoke or irritate, applied to the paflions. In Medicjne, to grow hot, angry, and painful by obftruftcd matter. * "" IN- i N F INFLA'MER, S. the thing or perfon thit caufes a painful fcnfation of heat in any part of t!ie body ; one that promotes quarrels, or lets friends at variance. INFLAMMABI'Liry, S. [from Infam- v.abk^ the quality of catching fire. The quj- lityof caufing a painful fenfaticMi of heat, ap plied to ol)(tri!iftcd inatter in aniinal hoJies. The quality of exciting the dehres, or wann- ing the paffions, applied to the mind. INFLA'MiViABLE, Adj. eafy to be fct on fire ; capable of exciting the ■mfTioiis ; or irri- tating the humours in an animal body. INFLA'MMARLENESS, S. thequality of eafily catching fire ; the quality of being eafily excited or provoked. INFLA'MMATION, S. [Fr. hipn.mcuo, Lat.] the act of fett:ng on flame ; tiicflateof being in flame. In Surgery, applied to that ienfation of heat arifing from oljUruifled blood or matter which crouds in a greater quantity to any particular part, and gives it a greater co- lour and heat than ufual. The a(fV of exciting any paiTIon, defire, or fervour to the mind. INFLA'MMATORY, Adj. having the power of caufing an inflimmation, applied to tlie fluidsof the body. Having a tendency to jilienate the minds of fubjeds, or caufean in- furreiflion in a (fate. To INFLA'TK, V. A. \hif,atus, Lat.] to fwell with wind ; to fill or pufl^up with Hreatli. piguratively, to fwell or puff'up \^'ith pride. INFLA'T10N,S. the Hate of being fwei:- eJ with wind. To INFLE'CT, V. A. [i'-fcno, Lat.] to bend from a ftrait line. " Refra(fted or in- fictlcd.^'' Ncvjt. To change or vary. In Grammar, to vary or alter the terminations of a word ; to decline. INFLE'CTION, S. the afl of bending ; the aft of turning or changing the dire<ftion of motion. A modulation, or change fiom high to low, applied to the voice. The va- riation or change of the endings of a woid, applied to Grammar. INFLE'C FIVE, Adj. having the power of bending. INFLEXIBFLI FY, or TNFLE'XIBLE- MESS, S. [inflexibility, Fr. I (tiffnefs, or the c|uality of rt-filling any attempt ; a temper or dlfpolition of mind not to be altered by pray- ers, entreaties, promifes, or ttneatnings. INFLE'XIBLE.Adj. [Fr. ;"«/7fx:7<;/;5,Lat.] not to be bent or made Crooked j not to be chan(!ed or altered; not to be prevailed on. INFLE'XIBLY, Adv. without any ceiTa- tion, or remifl^ion ; without being prevailed on to change or alter. To INFLl'CT, V. A. [iJifiiBus, from in- fiigo, Lat. infigir, Fr.j to punifii, or impofe on as a punilhment. INFLFCTER, S. he that puniflies. INFLI'CriON, S, the act of \n'ing pu- ijiliiments ; the punilhment impofed. I N F INFLI'CTIVF, Adj. [Fr.] executed '°^ impofed on as a punilhment. INFLU'ENCE, S. [from iif.ttcntia, Lat.] the power of celcfHal bodies or (tars, operatini* on human minds and atfairs ; any power v\'hicli a(fls on ihemind, and biaHes or'diredh it. To INFLUENCE, V. A. to aft upon Ta as to impel, dircft or modify ; to operate on the mind, fo as to bias or difeft it tiaany par- ticulaf end or aftion. I'NFLL'ENT, Adj. [/V^.vfw, Lat.] exert- ing influence or impiilhVe power. I'NFLUX, S. [i,:fux:n, L,t.] the aft of flowing info any thing. Infufion, applied to knowledge To INFO'LD, V. A. to uiap; to fur- round with the arms folded over each other j to embrace. To INFO'LIATE, V. A. [of in and/&. Hum, Lat.] to cover with lea'cs. " Long " may his fruitful vine infoiiate ahd clafp a- " bout him." Hoiuel. Seldom ufed. To INFO'RM, V. A. \infonrcr, Fr. /;••, formo. Lat.] to animate; to aftuate with a foul or vital power ; to inftruft, to fupply with new knowledge. In Law, to bi'ing a charge or accufation againfl: a pei Ton, uicd with againji, and is generally applied to the dilcoveries made by an accompli..c. Neuter- ly to give intelligence, or to d.fcover a Clime. I\'FO'RMAL,Adj. olTering an accufation, or the difcovery of a crime. " The poor infof " ival women." Skak- Not in ufe. INFO'RMANT, S. [Fr.] one who difco-* vers or gives intelligence of a crime, or other matter; one who offers or exhibits an accu" lation. IXFORMA'TION, ?. [infor^ra'h, Lah] intelligence, or inOruftion ; the aft of com-' mimicating fomething unknown before In Law, the difcovery of a crime, or the charge or uccufation brought againlt a perfon. INFO'RiViER, S. one who gives inteli' rence, or communicates new knowledge to the mind ; one who difcovers the crimes or offences of another before a magillrate. INFO'RMIDABLE, Adj. [of in ahd fonn'ii^liliS, Lat.] not to be feared or dread- cJ. INFO'RJViFTY, S. [iypmni, Lat.] wj'.nt of (hape or form. INFCRMOUS, Adj. [inform, Fr. infers t?iis, Lat.] fhnpelefs ; of no regular form. INFO'RTUNA'I E, Adj. [Fr. ivfn-tunatus, Lat, SetUufcriiinnte'] not fucceed ng in one's defignsor cxpcftations ; unfuccefsful or Un- happy. To INFRA'CT, V. A. [ivfranui, of ■?:- fringo, Lat. to break or iniernipt.J " With " wild infraBcd courfc." Thamfon. INFRA'CTION, S. li^fra'aio, Lat.] the aft of breiking, or violating. INFRA'NdlBLR, Adj. not to be bioKei-i. 1 N G TNFRE'Ql'ENCY, S. [infrejuenth, Lat.] UP.comm nncfs ; rarity, applied to things which feldom happen, or are feldotn heard, feen, or done. INFRE'QUENT, Adj. rare; feldom hap- pening. To INFRI'GIDATE, V. A. [of ;'« and frigiilus.hit I to chill or make cold. "Whofe " coldnefs did not infrigidate.''^ Boyle. Not in ufe. To INFRI'NGE, V. A. \ixfnr.go, Lat.] to violate or break, applied to laws or con- trafts. To deftroy, or hinder. " All that " may infringe, delight." Waller. INFRI'NGEMENT, S. the aft of viola- trng or breaking laws or treaties. INFRl'NGER, S. he that acts contrary to any law or treaty. INFU'RIATE, Adj. [of(nand/wM,Lat.] enraged ; raging. To INFU'SE, V. A. [i'^fujer, Fr. infujui, fi-om infundo, Lat.] to pour in. Figuratively, to indil j toinfpire; to animate ; to influence, applied to the mind. " Infujcd with a forti- " tudefrom heaven." Shak. In Medicine, to fleep or foak in any liqtxjr with a gentle heat. INFU'SIBLE, Adj. that which may be in- ftilled, communicated, or infpired, applied to the mind. Incapable of being melted or dif- Iblvcd, applied to bodies. ^ INFU SIGN, .S. [infufto, Lat.] the aft of pouring in ; the aft of inftilling or infpiring. In Phyfic, the aft of fteeping ingredients in any liquor with a moderate warmth ; alfo the liquor made by fteeping ingredients. INFU'SIVE, Adj. having a power of ani- mating or influencing. " 1 he iw/a//"!.'* force •' of fpring on man." Thorrfon. INGA'THERING, S. the aft of getting in an harveft. INGE, in the names of places, figniSes a meadow, fr .m irg, Sax. To INGE'MINATE, V. A. [ingemhi, Lat.] to double the fame thing over again } to repeat. INGEMINA'TION, S. [of imni gemi- vctio, Lat.] tlie aft of doubling or repeating the fame thing. To INGE'NDER, V. A. [engcrdrer, Fr.] to beget, produce, or breed. S,tt Engender. INGE'NDERER, S. he that begets. INGE'NERATF,orINGE'NEKATED, Adj. \ivgencratus, Lat.] born or bred with, or witiiin a perfon. INGE'NlOUSjAdj. \ingenieux,Yx. tngenio- fat, Lat.] having fenfe to invent, or execute in a (kilful manner. INGE'NIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner that difcovers great invention, fkill, and art. ' INGE'NflOUSNESS S. ftrength of ima- gination to invent, and dcxteiity to cxecate. INGE'NITE, Adj lirga^itus, Lat.J born with one } implanted j oi innate. INGENUITY, S. {ingenHi:c\ Fr.] acute- I N H nefs of mind in invention, and ikill or art ;n executing. INGE'NUOUS, Adj. [ingcnuus, Lat.] ha- ving candour, opcnnefs, or finceriiy of mind ; free from dinunuiation. INGENUOU'SLY, A^v. is an open, fair, candid, and undillembled manner. INGE'NUOUSNESSjS. candour ; freedom from diHimulation. I'NGENY, S. [inger.-um, Lat.] genius, goodnefsof underlianding, or readinefs of in- vention. To INGE'ST, V. A. \ingejlus, Lat.] to cafV or include in the ftomach. INGE'STION, S. the aft of rafting, or including in the ftomach. " Daily ingejiicn oi" " milk." Har-vey. INGLORIOUS, Adj. \inghr:ui, Lat.j without honour, fame, or glory. INGLO'RIOUSLY, Adv. not reputably ; difhonourably ; ia a mean manner. I'NGOT, S. [ingot, Fr. from ingtgciicr, Belg.] a mats of metal, generally applied to gold and iilver. To INGRA'F, v. A. to propagate trees by grafting ; to plant the fprig of one tree ia the rtock of another. To fix deep or fectle, applied to the mind. INGRA'FMENT, S. the aft of infcrting the fprig of one tree into the flock of ano- ther ; the fprig ingraffed. INGRA'TE, or INGRA'TEFUL, Adv. \ingrat, Fr. Ingyatus, Lat.] not acknowledging favours received, or returning thanks for them . UnpleaCng or difagreeable, applied to any thing which affefts the fenfes. To I'NGRATIATE, V.A. [in zni gra- tia, Lat.] to creep into a perfon's favour. INGRA'TITUDE, S. the vice of being infenfiblc to favours received ; and fometimei applied to the retribntion or returning evil for good. INGRE'DIENT, S. [irgrediens, Lat.] that which makes up a corapofition ; generally applied to fimples in medicine. INGRE'SS, S. lwgrcs,YT.\ngrejfu$, l.^.t.'] entrance, the aft or liberty of going into i place. INGRE'SSION, S. [ingreffo, Lat.] the aft of entering. To INGRO'SS, V.A. Sec Erg rofs. INGUI'NAL, .(Vdj. [oiinguen, Lat.] be- Icvnging to, or fituated in tlie groin. To INGIJ'LF, or INGULl'H, V. A. to- fwallow up in a deep cavity; to caft into a gulf or abyfs. " We ingulf ourfclves into '* adured danger." Hnyiv. To INCL'RGITATE, V. A. [wgurgi- Tutus, of ir.gurgito, Lat.] to fwallow down. Wants authority. INGURGITA'TION, S. the aft of fwal- lowing rapacioufly. INHA'BILE, Adj. [Fr. inb.dilis, Lat.] un(kilful; unready; unfit j unqualified. To I N H To INHABIT, V. A. [w and /-^i/w, Lat.] tod\vell in ; to pofiifsas an inhabitant. INHA'BITABLE, Adj. capable of afford- ing or fit for Iiabitarion. " Sydemsof/?! " k'jbitable planets.'' Locke Not habitable; from inhabkcble, Fr. " The frozen ridges " of the Alps — or other ground inhabitable,'''' HlMk. Not ufcd in the lafl: fenfe. INHA'BITANT, S. one who dwells or rcfidcs for X time in a place. INHABITA'TION', S. a hoiife or dwel- ling place ; the acfl of dwelling in a place ; the Itate of being inhabited. INHA'BITER, S, one who dwells in a place. To INHA'LE, V. A. to draw in with the air or one's breath. INHARMO'NIOUS, Adj. not harmoni- ous, miifical, or of an agreeable found. To INHEA'RSE, V. A. to inclofe in an hearfe, or funeral monument. INHE'RENT, Adj. [inho'rens, Lat.] ex- iting infeparably in fomething ; innate, or inborn. To INHE'RE, V. A. [ir.hafco, Lat.] to exifl in fomething elfe. To INHE'RIf, V. A. [enheriter, Fr.]to pofTtfj by right of fucccdion from another. Figuratively, to gain poileflion ; to pofTefs or enjoy. INHE'RITANCE, S. any thing which a perfon poflefles or fucceeds to as tlie next of blood, or heir; polTlTion or enjoyment ** The inheritance of their loves." Shak. The poilefiion of what belonged to a parent, or other relation, after their death. INHE'RIl OR, S. an heir, or one who fucceeds to what another enjoyed, after his death. INHE'RITRESS, S. a woman who fuc- teeds to the pofTefTions of a relation after his death. INHE'RITRIX, S. an heirefs. lNH!«SION, S. [/w^^s, Lat,] the exift- ing in foiriething. To INHI'BIT, V. A. [inhibitus, nrmhi- h(o, Lat. inhiber, Fr.] to reltrain, hinder, re- prefs, or check, applied to power. To for- bid, applied to laws. INHIRI'ilON, S. [Fr. wWZWff, Lat.] a prohibition In Commerce, an embargo. In Law, a urit from a fuperior to an inferior court, forbidding a judge to proceed in the Caufe depending before hun. To INHO'LD, V. A. to contain in itfelf. *' 7 he (un ir.i'jldcth^'' Raleigh. Not in ufe. INHO'SPITABLE, Adj. \in, ■.\ni.\ hofji- tarle] afiording no entertainment or kinduefs to 'irangers. INHO'SPITABLENESS, S. want of cour tcfy, kindncfs, or civility to Grangers. iRHO'SPITAilLY, Adv. in a manner not kind to ftrangers. ' INHOSPn A'LITY, S. [Inhojfuaiite^l't.] See L:LoJfiiabknej\, I N J INHUMAN, Adj. \inhumain, Fr. inhw manus, Lat. ] wanting the kind, benevolent, and focial afTeftions which adorn and fupport our fpecies ; favagc ; cruel j without com- paffion. INHUMA'NITY, S. [inhumanite', Fr ] want of the kind, benevolent, compaffionate, and focial affe<ftions ; cruelty ; barbaiity. INHUMANLY, Adv. in a manner in- confiflent with kindncfs, compafUon, charity, ^ or other focial i-iacniions. To INHU'MATE, or INHU'ME, V. A. [Inhumer, Fr. humatus, <..i htimo, Lat.] to inter, bury, or put under the groand. To INJECT, V. A. [mjeBus, of irjicio, Lat.] to throw or dart in ; to ad or throw on. " Mound wjVf? on mound." Pope. In Medicine, to force any fluid, or other fub- llance, into the vefTels of the body. INJE'CTK^N, S. [injeaio, Lat ] the ail of catting or throwing in. In Medicine, any licjuors made to be thrown into the body by a fyrinpe orother indrument. In Surge- ry, the art of filling the vefiels of a body with wax, or other fubftance, to (liew their fliapes and ramifications. INIMITABI'LITY, S. [from inimtab!c\ the quality of not being to be imitated. INI'MITABLE, Adj. [inimitabiih, Lat.] above or beyon.i imitation ; impoffible to be copied. INrMIT.\ELY, Adv. in a manner not to be imitated. To INJOIN, V. A. [cnjclndre, Fr. ;"»- junco, Lat.] to command or enforce by fupe- rior authority INl'QUITOUS, Adj. [ir^ique, Fr from iniqt:tty'\ inconfiftent with juflice or honefty ; wicked INI'QUITY, S. [;«;^K/7/,Fr. iniquitai,'Ln.'] nppofition to, or breach of the laws of juf- ti'ce and honefty. Sin, applied to the divine laws. INI'TIAL, Adj. [Fr. initialis, Lat. from. InittMn] placed at the beginning, applied to letters. Beginning or incipient ; not com- plete, or perfeifi ; introduiftory to. To INI'TIATE, V. A. ['initiatm, oi hi- tin, Lat. ir.iticr, Fr.] to enter ; to inltrudt in the firft principles of an art; to place in a ne-v Rate ; to put into a new fociety. INI'TMTE, Adj. \initiS, Fr. initiatus, Lat.] Grange, new, or not praiflifed. " The "■ initiate fear." Shak. INITI.A'TJON, S. \iiitiat:o, Lat.] the aft of entering a perfon into any art or ftate. INjl'DICAilLE, Adj._ [;>;, and judico, Lat ] not cognizLible by a judge. INJUDI'CTAL, Adj. not according to the forms or praftice of the law. INJUdVcIOUS, Adj. [in and judicious] without judgment. INJUbrCIOUSLY, Adv.in:rmannerthat difccjvers weaknefs or want of judgment. N II z IN- •I N N IVjU'NGJ'lO.Nf, S. [iKJutiaus, it!J!infi:Oi\ !Lat.] the command or order ot a I'uperior. In! J,a\v, is a writ founded upon an order in I Chanctry, either to give the plaintiff pollcf- fion, or to Itav proceedings in anotliei- court. To IN'JURK, V. A.[i>!Juiicr, Ft. injuria, Lit. j to Hurt a perion unjuftly ; to wrong, or deprive a perfon of his right; to annoy; or diUuih with any inconvenience. " Left *' tliat Tiiould injure US " Mi/t. INJU'RIOL'S, Adj. \_iiijurietix, Fr. inju- r'ms, Lat ] unjul, or depriving a perfon ot his rijjhts; cuiity of wrong. Figuratively, c.<ufing mifciiief, reproachful, including the idea of not being dcfervtd ; containing fcandal. " Injurhus iippella'.ions." ^iviji. INIJU'RIOL'SLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to appear unjud ; wrongfully. LW J U'RIOL'SNFSS, S^ the quality of be- ing niifcl-dcvous, or comniitthig an injury. IN'JURY, S. [;-,/tt'i.r, Lat.]"a violation of the rights of another. Figuratively, detri- ment or mifchief arifing from want of judg- 1 meat j damage ; fcandalous exprtflions. j " Spake all the jV-v'wr/Vi he could." jPdfijn. 1 INJU'S riCE, 'S. [i>:jujluia, Lnt.] any aft dpne agaii.fl the laws, or the didlates of ho- nefly. INK, S. [er.a-e, Fr. ink, Belg. irtcbiojio, Ital.J a liquor with which we write on paper or parchment. IN'KHORN, or IN'KFRN, S. [from ink and horn, oi- kern, which fignifies /)c;7ij any veflcl which contains ink : properly ap- plied to a caie made of horn, wherein ink, pens, and wafers are contained. INKLE, S. a kind of narrow fillet or tape. IN'KLING, S. [derived by Skinner from eerclopighe, lielg. or inkalkn, Belg.] a hint j whiiper; intimation. 1'NKY, Adj. blotted or covered with ink j blsck as ink. I'NLAND, Adi. lying up a country at a dillance from the fea. I'NLAND, S. the midland or inward parts of a country. I'NLANDER, S. a perfon who lives in a coiuitry at a dillance from the fca. To INLA'PiDATE, V. A. \h: and Lpl- Jalus, oi Li pi Jo, Lat.) to turn to ilone, Ncu- terly, to grow or become flony. To IN LAW, v. A. [oppofed to outlaw] to clear of outlawry or attainder. To INLA'Y, V. A. to diverfify with fub- flances or woods of different colours, which are let in and glued within the ground of a thing; to adorn with vario'us colours, reprc- fenting inlaid work. " Various gems ;.••/.:)) — " the unadorned bolbm of the deep." Pur. L',J}. IN'LET, S. apadigej a place whcrc'ty a tiling may hnd entrance. I'NLY, Adj. in the mind ; within (l.e breads kc!ct. '•' The i".); touch of love.'" I N N I'NLY, Adv. internally; within; in the bofom or heart. I'NIMArL, S. [of/« and mate; or meat, Belg.] in Law, a lodger or perfon admitted to dwell for money in a perfon's houfe, padlng in and out by the fame door. IN'MOST, Adj. [fuperlative of in, the comparative is innirl farthefl within, or at the greated didance from the furface, or inlet. INN, S. [inne. Sax. ! a houfe where tiavel- lers may meet with entertainment and lodg- ing for themfelves, and (labling, &c. for their horfes ; a place where (tudents were boarded and taught: hence the colleges for fludents in common law arecallcd invsof court . To INN, V. A. to houfe or put under cover, applied to hulhandry ; to put up or lodge at an inn. INN' ATE, or INNA'TED,Adj. \innc, Fr, i/i.>.ii^w.!,Lat.l inborn; born within; implanted. INNA'T'eNESS, S. the quality of being born in a perfon, and making a part of his .nature. I INNA'VIGABLE, Adj. [inna-vigahilis^ Lat. J not to be failed upo-n ; not to be paficd in a fiiip. IN'NER, Adj. [the comparative degree of in, the fuperlative is inmoft, or innermuj}] ap- plied to the mind, internal. Applied to fitu- ation, more from the furface than the thing compared. IN'NERMOST, Adj. fuperlative of in, which has likewife hn:o/}] at the greateft dif- tance from the furface or beginning. INNHO'LDER, S. a perfon who keeps an inn. IN'NING, S. the ftate of a perfon at a game, who goes in or plays firft. In Law, ufed in the plural, for lands recovered from the fea. I'NNKEEFER, S one who keeps a public houfe, ivhere travellers may meet with pro- vifion and lodging. I'NNOCEiN'CE, or I'NNOCENCY, S. \ innocence, Fr. innocenlia, Lat ] a (late of mind which has not been tainted by the coniniillion of any crime ; purity from any injurious aftion ; harmlc-nnefs. I'NNOCENT, Adj. [Fr. ir.roicns, Lat.] harmlefs; free from mifchief, or any parti- cular guilt. I'NNOCENT, S. one who is free from guilt or harm. Figuratively, an ideot, or one who is foolifh. " Innocents are excluded " by natural dcfefts." Hooker, I I'NNOCENTLY, Adv. without intending I any harm or mifchief j without guilt ; with I limplicity aiiling from weaknefs of under- ! Itanding. I iMNO'CUOUSjAdv. [;>off;Hj,Lit.] harm- ; Icfs in iti effe^ls. [ INNOCUOUSLY, Adv. without any mif- chievouscriTeOs. JNS'OCUOfSNESS, S. harmk-fTnefs. \ To I'NNOVATE, V. A \inno-varus, ■ ircin Jiiv.iT/'j Lat j to bring in fomething not { khowA I N O kuown before; to alter, by introducing fame- thin » new. INNOVA'TION, S, change arifing from the introdiidtion of fomething unknown, or not pracftifed before. INNOVA'rOR, S. {!nr':-vau:ir, Fr.] one that introduces new cuftoms or opinions ; one that makes alterations by introducing no- vehies. INN'O'XIOUS, Adj. [innoxhs, Lat.] free from mifchievous effects ; free from guih. INNO'XIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to intend or do no harm. IKNO'XfOUSNE.SS, S. the quality of operating without producicg any mifcbicvous effcas. INNU'F.NDO, S. [Lat. o£ innuo, Lat.] an indire(ft hint, or charge of a crime. INNUMERABLE, Adj. [Fr. himmera- hilis, Lat.] fo numerous as not to be counted or reckoned. INNU'MER.ABLY, Adv. without number. INNU'MEROUS, Adj. [mnnr.erus, Lat ] too many to be counted. To INO CULATE, V. A. [bioculo, Lat. from in and oiulus, Lat,] in Botany, to pro- pagate any plant by inferting its bud in ano- ther flock; to yield a hud to another flock. In Phyfic, to communicate the fmail-pox by infufing the matter of the pock taken from one perfon into the veins of another. INOCULA'TION, 6. the aft of includ- irig or inlerting the bnd of one tree in an in- cifion made in the bark of another, by which means it is made to bear the fame fruit as the tree from which the bud is taken. In Medicine, the pradtice of communicating the fmall-pox by means of infuling the matter of a ripened puflule into the veins of a perfon who has not had that diflemper. INOCUL.'^'TOR, S. one who propagates frees, or coramiuiicatcs tlie fmall-poxby ino- culation. INO'DORATE., Adj. [of In and cdcratus, Lat.] having no fcent. INO'DOROU.S, Adj. [oi in zn^ odorous] wanting fcciit ; nor caufing any fenfation in the organs of fmelling. JNOFFF.'NSIVE, Adj. giving no provo- cation or offence; giving no pain or terror. INOFFE'NSIVELY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to give no offence or provocation, INOFFE'NSIVENESS, S. the quaHty of giving no provocation. INOFFrCIOUS, Adj. [of ;« and ojirw/.f] not fl riving to do any thing to ferve or ac <ommod;'.te another INOPPORTU'NF, Adj. [inopportunw , L::t ] not done at a proper time. Seldom ufed INO'RDINANCY, S. want of regularity and order. INO'RDINATE, Adj. [of /«and ordina (US, Lat.] not under proper rules, reflraint, or regulation, INO'RDINATELY, Adv. iu a manucr I N S Aibje<fl to no order, reflraint, or regulation ; irregularly. INO'RDINATENESS, S. want of being fubjeiff to rules, or reflraint. JNOXDINA'TION, S. w-nt of being re- duced to order, or reflrained by rules. INORGA'NICAL, Adj. [of in ani crga- iiiccii] without fit orir^-'Rs orinftrumental paus. To INO'SCULATE, V. N. fof in and ofculiiw, Lat.J to join by being inferted in each other. INOSCULA'TIOX, S. the ac^ of joining by having its extremities inferted in eacli other I'NQLIEST, S. [cvqurp, Fr. inquipio, Lat. ' a judicial enquiry or examination ; fearch or fludy. In Law, the trial of a caufe by jurors, or a jury. JNQUi'ETUDr, S. [Yi-.inqidetudo, inqm- . etiis, Lat.] a flate of difturbance or anxiety, applied .to the mind ; want of tranquility ; an aftion whereby the tranquility of the mind is attacked or difturbed. INQUI'RABLE, Adj. that which may be inquired or examined into. To INQLU'RE, V._N. [ai^^Jra-, Fr. /;;- juira, Lat. j to a(k queftions for information ; to make fe.irch, or excite to curinfity. INC^Ul'RER, S. a perfon who examines, or fearclies aficr fomething unknown ; one who aflis oueflions by way of examination, or in order to be informed. INtWJ'RY, S. the a« of fearching by qucftious after fom^ thing unknown ; exami- nation. INC>lJISI'TION, S. [Fr, .-^pZ/T.-.-c, Lat.] judicial inquiry. Figuratively, difcudion, or fearch al'tcr fomething unknown, applied to the mind. In Law, a manncrof proccedingiii criminal caufcs by way of qncflion or exami- nation. A fpiritiial court, in Roman Catholic countries, appointed for .the trial gnd pynith- ment of hejetics. INQin'SITIVF, Adj. \in:,Mj;tus, Lat.] inciiiiring in order to find out fomething un- known ; bufy in fearching or prying into things; continually endeavouring'xo make difcoveries. ISQI'I'SITIVELY, Adv.. in a manner, which difcovers a great defuie and intenfe ap- plication to niake difcoveries. INQL'I'SI! IVENESS, S, the qudity of prying into things unknown, or the ftcrets of others. INQUI'SITOR, S. [Lat. inoui/itair, Fr.] one vvho examines judicially, or fearches in- to the truth of a fact or opinion ; an officer; b'-longing to the i'opilh inq,iufiiion. To INU A'lL, V. A. to inclofc with ra'Is. I'NROADS, S. a fudden and Ihort invaPoit. or attack upon a country. ' INSA'NABLE, Adj. [infriwlilis, Lat.] incurab'c ; not to be removed by medicine. IN S A'.V>:, Ad j . [hija,:us, Lat. ] mad ; mak- ing mad. " '] he iiipne root," isLak. N a 3 IN'- INS I N S TN'SA'TIABLE, Adj. [Fr. hfai:abi!ti,\ To Ih'SERT, V. A. [hfir^r, Fr. hfer- Lat.] fo greedy x)r covetous as not to be ia-U;,j«, from inf^ro, Lat.] to place iaoramongfl: tisfied. liNfSA'TIABLENESS, S. the quality of' not beini;; fatis^ed or appeafed. 1 INSATIATE, Adj. [injutlatus, Lat.] fo greedy js not to h,: fatisficd. INSAriSFAC'TION, S. [of/rand/::- tisfaSlion] want ; the itate of not being fatis- ficd. Seldom ufed. INS A'TUR A BLE, M].[h!jaturabilh, 'Lzt.] not ti he filled or glutted. To INSCRI'RE, V. A. [wfcriho, Lat. in- fcrire, Fr.J to write on any tiling; generally applifd to fomething engraved on a monu- ment, or written on the outfide of fome- thing. To mark any thing with letters ; to dedi^^ate to a perf 'n without a formal addrefs. To draw a figuie within another, applied to Diac'i'niatics INSCRITTrON, S any fentence writ- ten on the outfide of fometiiinv. o engraved on a monument or flone 5 a title; the aft of afcribing '^r dedicating a book to a perfon without a formal addrefs. INSCKU'TABLE, Adj. [Yr. InfcrutahUh, Lat. ) not to be dilcovercd or traced by in- quiry or ftudy To IXSCU'LP, V. A. [jnfculpo, Lat.] to engrave or cut. To INSE'AM, V. A. [of h and f^'am] to leave a mark in the ftin after a wound is cured. INSE'CT, S. {injeao. Lat.] a fpecies of animals, fo called becaufe their bodies feem as it were cut in two, and joined together on- Iv bv a fmall ligature or membrane. INSR'CTILE, Adj. refembling or having the nature of infects. INSECU'RE, Ai]Mn mifen!re]not.{.x^-. or not protedled from danger or lofs. INSECCJ'RITY, S. the (late of being ex- pofed to danger or lofs j want of grounds for confidence. INSE'NSATE, Adj. [mfenfato, Ital. in- ffift^ Fr.] without thought or fenfibility of prefent or approaching danger. INSENSICI'LITV, S. linfenJMnte, Fr.] want of a power to perceive; dulnefs of per- ception, applied either to the mind or body. 'iNSK'N'SfBLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to be dif corered by the fenfes or mind ; not affected or moved by an objeft belonging either to the body or mind. INSE'NSIBLENESS.S. wantoffenfation. INSE'NSIBLY, Adv. in a manner not to be perceived. INSEf'AR.'lBI'LITy, or INSVPARA- BLEN ESS, S. [from infeparable] the quality of not being feparated or divided. INSE'PARABLE, Adj. [Fr. infeparabilh , Lat.] not to be divided ; united fo as not to be parted or feparated. INSE'PAR '> BLY, Adv. in a manner not to be divided, parted, or feparated. other things INSE'P. riON, S. the act of placing in or amongfl other things ; the tiling placed a- mong others. INSE'RVIENT, Adj. [mfer^iens, Lat.] conducing, or oi ufe to promote an end. " In- " fcrvkn: to that intention. " Ercivn. Sel- dom ufcd. To INSHE'LL, V. A. to cover or hide in a fhell. " His horns — which were infhcird," Shak. To IN-SHIT, V. A. tofhut,put on board, or ftow in a ftiip. " See them fately — In- " y^'/'/f'/." Soak. Not in ufe. Tp INSHRINE, V. A. [in znijhnre, of fnii. Sax. j to inclofe in a fhrine or valuable cafe. IN'SIDE, S. the inner part, oppofed to* the furface or cutward part. INSI'DIOUS Adj. [h'./Idieux, Fr. tr/ullo. fus, Lat.] treacherous; uith an intention to enfnare. INSI'DIOUSLY, Adv. in a fly or treach- erous manner; with an intention to enfnare. INSl'GHr, S. [formerly accented on the firft fyllable, Ir.ficbt, Belg.] knowledge of the inward parts of anything ; thorougli flcill in, or acquaintaince with any thing. INSIGNFFICANCE, or INSIGNI'FI- CAN'CY, S, [mfigr!iji:jnce, Fr.] want of meaning, applied to words. Want of impor- tance, applied to things. INSIGNrriCANT, Adj. wanting mean- ing; conveying no ideas, applied to words. W.inting weight, importance, orapouerof producing an effecTt, applied to perfons and things. INSIGNI'FICANTLY, Adv. withou? neaning, applied to language. Without im- portance, or eiYc(\, applied to perfons or things, i rSINCE'RE, Adj. [/;)/;Vcv.w, Lat.] not what a perfon appears ; not hearty ; not foun I : corrupted. " To render fleep's foft " bleffings Inlincere" Pope. INSINCE'RITY, S. want of truth or fide- lity; the vice of making great profefCons of friendlliip, without obferving then\. To INSI'NEW, V. A. to give ftrength ; to confirm. " Inftneived to this aftion." Shah. Not in ufe. INSI'NUANT, Adj. [Fr] having the power to gain or creep into the favour of others. To INSINUATE, V. A. {]nfinutr, Fr. Sr.flr.w), Lat.j to make a pafTage for, or in- troduce any thing gently. Figuratively, to gain upon the atfedtions of another imper- ceptibly, and by gentle means. To infill, or infufe gently and imperceptibly, applied to opinions or notions. "To Infmuate wrong " ideas." /-5r/5f.NeuterIy, to wheedle; tofteal imperceptibly ; to be conveyed infenfibly. INSINUATION, S, [Fr. injnuatio, Lat.] I N S t'ne quality of pleafing or ftealing into the af- fc£iions; a hint, or oblique cenfure. r Sl'NUA riVE, Aiij. having the power to flcjl on the jffe<n:ions. l.VsINUA' rOR, S. one who drops a hint to a perfon's prejudice. IN i'l^ID, Adj. {wfnide, Fr. \nf.pidui, Lat.] having no tafte; or not able to affeO the organ of tailing ; without fpirit, or the qualilications necellary to pleafe and divert the jnind. INSIPI'DITY, or INSI'PIDNESS, S. \uij1p\dite\ Fr ] wanting the power of aifedling the tafte; wanting life and fpirit^ INSl'PIDLY, Adv. in a dull manner j in fuch a manner as not to affcft cr caufc any fenfation in the organ of tafle. To INSrS 1-, V. N. \}nfif.cr^ Fr. infifl-<, Lat.] to reft or ftand upon. " The angles " of the one mfift upon the centers." Ray, To remain refolute, or pcriill in a requeft or demand j to dwell upon^ in a difcouife. INSl'S TENT, Adj. [wjijiens, Lat.j reft- ing upon any thing. iNSl' I'lON, S. [ii^itio, Lat.J the a(fl of infcrtiiig or ingraffing one branch into ano- ther. " Grafting or ;«/;/';'o A!." Ray. INSrSTURE, S. a conltant courfe of re- gularity. " The heav'ns themfelves , the " planets — obferve degree injljjure, courfe, *' (y c." Shak. Not in ufe. To INSNA'RE, V. A. to catch in a trap or fnare ; to inveigle, or bring into any dan- ger or inconvenience by ndurements ; to in- tangle in dangers and perplexities INSNA'RER, S. one who catches any thing in a fnare ; one that inveigles or brings a perfon into perplexity by artifice. INSO'CIABLE, Adj. [infodahilh, Lat.] avcrfe to converfation ; not fit for a compa- nion 5 not fit to be united or joined togetiier. *' Lime and wood are infociaLle " H'ottan. INSOBRI'E rY, S. drunkennefs. To INSOLATE, V. A. [mjolo, Lat.] to dry in the fun. IN'SOLENCE, or IN'sOLENCY, S. [/«- felence, Fr infoUntia, Lat j pride, exerted in treating others in a difdainful and contemp tuous manner. IN'SOLENT, Adj. [Fr injokns, Lat.Jbe- liavini; witii an uncommon degree of pride, difdain, and contempt. IN'SOLENTLY, Adv. in a proud manner, attended with contempt, difdain, or a total difrcgard of a pcifon's fuperior, " He info- lently talked i .nc of love " Dryd. INSO'LVABLE, Adj. not to be cleared up or exnl ined, applied to difficulties in writing. Tii.^t which cannot be paid, ap plied to debts. INSO'LUBLE, Adj. nnfolubilh, Lat.] not to he cleared up, expL-ned, or rendered in - jteliig ble, applied to diffimkies in writing. Not to bedlitolved bj ..n\ fluid. Not to bc ft^arateJ, applied to fuJjRanccs, I N S INSCLVENT, Adj. [h -j^nifohcm, from fol-vo, Lat. : not able to pay. I'fed fubftaa- tively for a man that cannot pay his debts. INSO'LVlNCY, S. the quality of not being able to pay, applied to deUs. LVSOMU'CH, Adv. ( of in, Jo, and much'\ fo that ; to fuch a degree that. To INSPF'CT, V. A. {ir.jpcBum, from infpicio, Lat.] t( look into by way of exami- nation or fnperin tendance INSP, 'C ! ION, S. [infpeaio, Lat.Jtheafl of examining with vigour 5 a narrow, clofc, and critical furvey. JNSPF.'CTOR, .S. fLat.J one who ex- amines or looks into things, in order to dis- cover either faults or beauties ; a perfon who fupei intend"; any performance or undertaking. To INSPHF.'RE, V. A. to place in au orb or fphcre. " Bright oeriai fpirits live In- " fpher'd." Mih. INSPI'RABLE, Adj. [from infpire'\ that which may be drawn in with the breath ; that which may be infufed by the Deity. INSPIR A'TfON, S. in Medicine, tlie aft of drawing in the breath 5 the aft of breath- ing Into any thing ; the infiilion of ideas into the mind by fomc fuperior power. To IN.SPl'RF, V. N. [injpiro, Lat. ;"«- fplre>\ Fr.j in Medicine, to draw in the breath. Aclively, to breath into 5 to animate; to encourage. In Divinity, to infufe ideas into the mind ; to imprefs on the fancv. INSPI'RER, S, he that communicates ideas to the mind j he that animates or cn- cour-iges. To INSPI'SSATE, V. A. fof i« mifr,f- fus, Lat.] to makcanv-fluid thick. IN PJSSA'TIONJ S. the, aft of msking any li-|ui(l thick. INSTABl'LITY, S. \ inJ}.Sdite\ Fr in- Jlab'Utas, Lat.] inconffancy ; ficklenefsj mu- tability, or a ftate fulijeft to continual altera- tions and decays. " 1 he inJiabUtty of human " affairs " INSA'BLE, Adj. linJlMIh, Lat.] un- conftant ; changing, ic-^ I'nfinble. o INSTA'L, V. A. {l-.ftahcr, Fr.] to ad- vance to any rank or office. INSTALLA' riOV, S. [Fr.] the aft of giving a perfon vifibk poflefnon of any office or digrity, by placing him in the feat which belongs to it. IN'-TA'LMENT, S. the aft of inftallJng, or of conferring a dignity on a pe. ;<'!, by placing him in a particular feat ; the feat in which a perfon is in Hailed I'NSTANCE, or I'NSTANCY, S. r;„, fiance, Fr.J an carneft or .rdcnt and impor- tunate requeft or folicitation ; a motive, o; prefTing argument ; an ex.imple ufej t<> illuf- trate and enforce ?ny doftrine ; the llatc of a thing. " In the firft Z'^^i'J'V." J/^/c Oc- cafion ; opportuni'-y j aft. " Difficult )n,'?rtKfa " of duty." Tvoir /J. To VNSTaNCE, V- N, to producp as N n 4 example j I N S example; to confirm or illuflrate an argu-' mcnt. I'NSTANT, AJj. [Fr. inpvs, Lat.] ear- ned ; prclTing ; immediate; without delay, c any rime intervening ; quick. TNSTANT, S fuch a part of duration wherein we perctivc no fucceffion ; the pre- fent moment In Commerce, the p-efent month. " On the zcth ir.jlant.^' Guard. No. qS. INSTANTA'NEOU.^;, Adj. {infiantaneus, Lat 1 done in an iniiant, or without any pcri'. i^t\Wiii AiccefTJ.Tn , with the utmofl: fpecd. ISSTANT.VNF.OrSLY, Adv. in an in- ftdMt. -: in un undivifiiile point ot' time. T'NSTANTLY, Adv [i.-.v-ar/rr, Lat.j immedi;ite'ly ; without any perceptil-,ie delay, or intevvcntiori of time ; with urgent and prefllno imi^ortunity. i To INS f'A'TE, V. A. to place in a cer tain rank or condition ; to pofiefs, or give polPdion. " His pofleffions — we do wftate ^' and widow you withal.'" Sbak. The laft fenfe is obfolete. INSTAOPvA'TION, S.- [Fr. \nftM<rath, Lat.] the aift of rcrtoring to a former ftate. INSTE'AD, Prep, in the room or place ; Cqu:! to. To I.VSTR'EP, V. A. to foak in any li- quid or moillurc. " In gore he lay inftcep'd." Skah, To lay under water. I NSTKP, S. the upper part of the foot, ■where it join!; to the le^. To I'NS r IG ATE, V. A. \wfugatm, Lat.] to urge on, or provoke to the comniinion of a crime. INSTIG.VTIONT, S. the act of inciting, provoking, or impelling the commidion of iomrthine evil ■INSTiGA'.TOR, .S. [Injn^atcur, Fr.] one who incites a perfon lo commit a crime. To INSTI'L, V. A. {tvfnlio, Lat. irflWa; Fr.l to pour in hy drops ; to infufe or in- finnate any opinion or idea imperceptibly into the mind. fNSilLLA'TION, S. {ivfimauo, Lat.] the adi of tjouring hy drops ; the aft of infuf- ing, or communicating llowly ; th:it which is inftilled or communicated. " They em- f hitter the cup of life by infenfible iiipUu- " :::>!S.''' Rtinibler. I'NSTINCT, S. [Fr ;.:,'?;;.v.v.sLat. for- merly accented on the laflf", liable] that power which a<fls on and impeh brutes to any par- ticular manner of concuft, fuppofed neceiTaiy in its eff.-fts, and to be given them inftead of lenfon. INSTI'NCTED, Adj. [InfwRw, Lat.] I N S pine of inf.ifi/o, Lat.] to fix, fettle, appoinf, or enaift, applied to laws or orders. To in- (huft, or form by inftru<f\ion. " If children " were rif.htly h-.Ji'-.'.u'ed." Decay of Piety. INSTITUTE, S. \h:ftitut,'Yr. inftmtuK, Lat.] aneflabliriiedcuftom or law ; a precept, maxim, or principle, INSTITU'TION, S. the enablifliinjj a law or cuftom ; an eftablifhrnent ; a pofitive law. INSTITU'TTONARY, Adj. containing the elcnients or fird principles of any fcience or doftrine. INS TI rU'TOR, S. [Lat. injihuteur, Fr.J one who edablifhes any cuftom or do<ftrir.e ; one whoinflru(fts a perfon in tlie elements or fiid piinciplcs of any fcience or doftrine. IN.STI I U'TIST, S. a writer of inftitute.?, or explanation of la'vs, or of the maxims and firft principles on which any fy(lei.-n cf laws or fcience are founded. " The irfiituiijls would " perfuade us." Hai-qjey. To INSTO'P, V. A. ts> clofe up or flop. " The Teams iajlop." Dryd. To INSTRU'C r, V. A. \wflr!,fft<m, from inJ}riio, Lat.] to teach or cnn-,mi:nicite know- ledge to another In Law, to model or form by previous difcourre. INSFRU'CTOR, S. orte who communi- cates know led i^e, or teaches. . INSTRU'CTION, S. the aft of teaching or imparting knowledge ; any precept convey- ing knowledge ; a precept or dir(:<nion from a fuperior INSTRU'CTIVE, Adj. [wftrua}/, Fr.] conveying knowledge. I'NSTRL'MKNT, S. [injlnmentum, Lat.] a tool ufed in executing any work. In Mufic, a frame of wood, l£jc. fo compofid as to ren- doi" harmonious founds. In Law, a writing containing any contraft or order. Theagent or means by which any thing is done. INSTRUMF/NTAL, Adj. conducing as a means to fome end. Inflmnuntal v:ufic, is that produced by an indrumcnt, and oppofed to vocul. INSTRUMENTA'LITY, S. the acflion or agency of any thing as a means ; the quality of atting in fiil'.nrdination. INS I KUME'NTALLY, Adj. in the na- ture of an inflrumcnt ; as a means. INSTRLME'NTALNLSS, S. the qua- lity of conducing to advance or promote an end. INSUTFERABLF, .Idj. beyond rtrength or patience of a perfon to bear ; not to he borne or allowed. IN.>U'FFf':R.ARLY, Adv. to a degree be- imprefTed as an animating pow^r or infHnft. ! yon.l the poflibility of being endured with INSTI'VCTiVE, Adj. operating on the} patitncc. mind previous to any determination of the! IN'SUFFI'CIENCE, or INSUFFI'CIEN* will, or anv u:"e of rcjfon. CY, S. [ir:ftiffi.k:-ce, Fr.] want of power, INSTI'NC I IVKLY, Adv. by infiimfl. j ihenotb, or v-ilue, propoi tinnable to any end. To I'NSriTU TE, V. A. [^Fim.vw;, i\\-\ iNSUFFI'CIEN T, Adj. not proportionate to I N T tn any end, ufe, orpurpofe; wanting abili- ties ; unfit. INSUFFI'CIENTLY, Adv. in fuch ; manner as to want either the ability, qualifi cation, or ikill. I'NSULAR, or I'NSULARY, Adj. [w fuLire, Fr. wfuluris, Lat.] belonging to an illand. I'NSULATED, Adj. [mfula, Lat.] _ in building, applied to any column or edifice wl'.icli frands by itlcif. INSU'LT, S. [infiilte, Fr. Infultus, Lat.] the a<n of leaping upon anything; an aflault ; an aft of hau^hiinefs and contemptuous out- rage. To INSU'LT, V. A. \lnfuI'o, Lat. ;"/.- fttltcr, Fr.J to treat with liau^htinefs, con- tempt, and outrage. " Bein;;down, injultcd, " railed." Sh.!k. In War, to afTault or at- tack a port witii open force. rNSU'LTER, S, one who treats another with difdainful or contemptuous hauijitinefs. INSU'LTINGLY, Adv. (.ontemptuoully ; djfdainfully. INSUPERABI'LITY, S. [from hfupc'-a- IfJe] the q-uality of b-ring invincible. I N T I'NTEGER,S. [Lat.J the whole of any iiiing. In Arithmetic, a whole number, op- pofed to a fraftion. I'NTEGRAL, Adj. [Fr.] whole or com- prizing all its conftituent parts ; without dc- feft ; complete ; without injury. " Though " of ir!tci^r:2l parts." Holder. Belonging to, or confiding of whole numbers, applied to Arithmetic. I'NTEGRAL, S. a whole confifting of dillinft parts, each of which may fubfift apart. INTE'GRITY, S. \^inte^rite\ Fr. integritas, Lat.] puiity of mind ; free from any undue l)ias or principle of dilhonefty, INTE'GUMENT, S. [htcg.'imentum, Lat. of intego, Lat. ] any thing which covers or invelops another. INTELLECT, S. \lntclk5l:n, Lat.] tlic power of the mind, called the underflanding. INTELLE'CTION, S. [Fr. intcltecik^ Lat.] the a<fl of the underflanding. " Pro- " duces inteUefiion and fenfe." Eentk'). INTELLE'CTIVE, Adj. {Intellehif, Fr.] having the power of underffanding. INTELLE'CTUAL, Adj. \lntdkciual, Fr.] relating to, or performed by the mind or IN-SU PKRABLE, Adj. [Ini'ziperaLUh, Lat.] i underflanding ; having the power of under- not to be overcome by labour, or furniounted by (h;dy. INSU'PERABLENES?, S. impodibility of being overcome or furmounted. INSUTERAFLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as not to be overcome. INSUPPO'RTABLE, Adj. [Fr.] beyond the (IrL-ngtl! of a perfon to bear, applied either to the Iiody or mind. INSUPPO'RTABLF.NFSS, S. the fiatc of being beyond a pcrfon's power to fiipport or bear. INSUPPO'RTABLY, Adv. to fuch a de- gree as not to be endured oV borne. INSU'KANCE, 'S,.\ajJhn2nce,Yv.] fecurity given to make g/od the lofs of fhips, mer- ch.andize, (^c. lofi, taken, or deflroyed, or houfes, feft'. from fire, in confideraiion of a fum of money paid. To INSU'RE, V. A. [apra-^ Fr.] to un- dertake to mnke good any thing in cafe it fhall be loft or deflroyed. INSURMOUNTABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to be overcoR-iC. (landing; propofed as tlie objeft of the undpr- ftanding. "The intellc-Ftual (^([em." Cudnu. INTELLE'CTUAL, S. the power of the underflanding. " Whofe higher meHectuaW* Par. Lofl. INIE'LLIGENCE, orlNTE'LLIGEN- CY, S. {irtcHigentia, Lat.] a commerce or reciprocal commnnicationof things diflant or fecret 5 ti^e unJerltanding. INTE'LLIGENCER, S. one who fends or conveys news of what is done in diflant and fecret parts. INTE'LLIGENT, Adj. [Fr, w/r/^.w, Lat.] having the power of underllinding ; knowing, or undertlanding ; giving informa- tion, or communicating news. INTELLIGE'NTIAL, Adj. confining of mind- free from body. " InteUigential fub- ' (lances." P^r. Li5/?. Exercifing, or proceed- ing from exerting, the underftjnriiiig ; be- longing to the underlTanding. *' With art 'nttlH^enia:." Par. Lcji, INTE'LLIGIBLE, Adj. [Fr. irfeingllUis, Lat.] to be conceived by the underflanding ; INSURiMOU'NTABLY, Adv. in fuch a pofliblc to be underRood. manner as not tn be overc-i.iie INSURRA'TION,S.awhifpcring:ntheear. INSURRE'CflON, S. [inJurr^Bam, of hifurgo^ Lat.] a feditious rifing, or tuniuit formed in opposition to a government. INTA'GLIO, S [Ital | any thing having figures engraved on it, particularly applied to precious ftones, that have tlie heads of great men engraved on them. IK'TA'NGIBLE, Adj. -that which cannot be tou'-hed. INTA'STEABLF, ^dj. not to be tailed; j'nfipid. INTE'LLIGIBLENESS, .S. the quality of .being pofTible to be underdood. INTE'LLIGIBLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to be underftood. INTE'MP; RANGE, S. [Fr. iufen-prr.m- tia, Lat.] want of governing the fcnfual ap- petites ; excefs in eating or drinking. INTE'MPERATF, .-^dj, \irttc-»:pcratus, Lat. intempcrart, Fr.] not governed or re- ftrained within thebounds of moderation ; eat- ing, drinking, or doing any thing to excefs. INrt'xMPERATELY, Adv. beyond the bounds of temperance j exccirively. INTE'iMP- I N T INTE'MPERfATKNESS, S. wart oF mo- deration ; unfearon'i!.l.'ncrs,appli'"cl to weather. TNTE'MPERATURE, s! excefs of fome quality. To INTE'ND, V, A r/«.v,"r/*, Lat.] to add forci: to, or to Iieigluen a quality " Msgnet- i " it'm.inay be inttnded, or remitted." Nenvtoni Opt, To mean ; to defign, or propofe to do a thh-sT. 1 IN'TE'NDANT, S. [Fr.] an cfEcer of the liigher dafs, who overfees any particular branch of public bufinefs. " His intsndan: «< general of marine." j^rbuth. IN rFL'NDMENT, S. { erundcKCni , Fr.] intention, defig", or meaning. INTENIBLE, Ac.\. [comiViOnly fpelt :«- terabk, of in and tcr.U>lc.\ that which cannot hold. " This intanbk ficve." Shak. Not to be held, or defended from an enemy, applied to fortf, feft. INTE'N'SE, Adj. [hfenfuf, Lat.] flrained, heightened, orincrearcd to a !iigh degree, ap- plied to cjiialities. Ve!ic:ncnt, or forclI)lc, applied to words. " In more ardent and in- •• feK/^-phrafes." j^Jdtf. Kept on the ftrctch ; anxiouilyattentive, applied tothemind, "The " ontintcnfc, the other iliil remifs." Par. Lcji. INTt'NSELY, Adv. to a very great de- gree IN" rE'NiENESS, S. the ftateof being in- creafed to a high degice ; force j the ftate of a thing upon the llrctck. INTEM->ION, S. [Fr. ma:f.o, Lat.} the aft of iieightening the degree of any quality \ or of forcing or llraining any thing, oppofed to making lix or loofcning. INTE'NSIVE, Adj. ftretched, increafed, or heightened with relpeft to itlclf. INTE'NSIVELY, Adv. to a great degree. INTE'NT, Adj. f iwf ;:.'?.'.', Lat.J with the mind ftrongly applied to any objedt 5 ufed with on or upon. iNTt'N r, S. meaning, applied to words ; a defign, piirpofe, or view formed in the mind. INTE'NTION, S. an aft of the mind, whereby it voluntarily and earneflly fixes its view on any idea, confiders it on every fide, and will not b- called ofT by the ordinary fo- licitation of other ideas j eagernefs of defire j clolenefs of attention ; deep thought ; vehe- mence or ardour of mind, defign, purpofe, or end. INTE'N'TIONAL, Adj. done by fixed defign \ defigned. " A direft and ir.temional *' fervice." Roger:. I IN X 'EN 1 lOiVALLY, Adv. by defign or ■fixed choice. INTE'NTIVF., Adj. applied fu as not to be divirted by other objefts. IN ■■ E'N LIVELY, Adv. with clofe and ftrift ;.pplication. IN i L'N'TLY, Adv. with clofe attention. INTERN . NESS, S. the flate of being ap- plied fo a' not to be diverted or called ©ffby other objefts. I N T To TNTE'R, V. A. [cnterer, Fr.j to pnt under g-osnd or burv. IX J ERC.VLAR/or INTERCA'LARY, Adj. [iKU-rai/aire, Fr. hitercahns, Lat.] in- ferted in tije calendar, in orLr to prefcrve the equi(tion of time ; ttius the 25th of Fe- bmary infsrccd in tlie almanac evtry leap year, is called un [-.tenauny d.^y. LSTEP.GALA'i JON, S. [Fr. irtenalati^ Lat.j the in fen ion of days in the calendar, in order to m.keup for fome deficiency in our reckonings of time. To LN'TERCE'DE, V, A. [/«r,?wA, Lat.] to pafs, or come between ; to mediate, or endeavour to reconcile two parties that arc at variance. IMTERCE'DER, S. a mediator ; or one who endeavours to reconcile two parties at variance. To 1NTEIIC;E'PT, V. A. [Inferceptus^ Lat. wte/crpth; Fr.] to ftop any pcrfon or thing in tiieir way or in motitm, before thc-y can reach the place intended ; to prevent from biing reached. " Storms vindiftive " intercept the fliore." Fope. INTLRCE'PTION, S. the aft of (lop- ping any thing in its courfe, and hindering it friim r;.ach!iig the place it otherwife would; lloppage, or obflrcction. INTERCE'SSIOM, S. [Fr. irtercejpo^ Lat. I theaftof endeavouring to reconcile two parties at variance. In Scripture, the aft of pleading in belialf of another, peculiarly ap- plied to Chrift. Interpofition or mediation in behalf of another. INTERCE'SSCR, S. [jntercejfeur, Fr. in- Hrceffor, Lat.] a mediator ; one who inter- pofes and pleads in behalf of another ; one who endeavours to reconcile two parties at variance. To INTERCHA'IN, V. A. to chain or link together. Figuratively, to unite indiflo- lubly. " Two pcrfcns ir.tercbaired with an " oath." St.ak. To INTERCHA'NGE, V. A. to put in the place of another ; to change, or gjve for fomething received of anotlier j to fucceed alternately, or by turns. INTERCHANGE, S. commerce, traffic, or mutual cha::ge of commodities brtween two pcrfons ; alternate fiiccefiion. INTERCHA'NGEABLE, Adj. given and taken mutually j following each other in al- ternate fucceflion. INTERCHA'NGEABLY, Adv. alter- nately ; mutually. INTERCHA'NGEMENT, S. theaftof riving and receiving. '^ JNTERCFPIENT, S. [inttrciplem, Lat.] fomething that intercepts or caufes a (loppage, applied to medicine.?. ir<I lERCI'SION, S. [inter and cado, Lst.] interruption. " By ccflation of ora- " cles, wc may uuderftand their inUrcj/ioti." \ Bioivn, I N T I N T To INTERCLU'DE, V. A. \hiterduth, wnkh expi-efles f)me fuddeo emotion of the X-at-j to (hut from a place, or Iiinder from performing, by fomething intercepting or in- tervening; to intercept. " i lie voice is fome- *' times in fcrcluded by hoarftnefs." Holder. INTERCLU'SION, S. the aft of inter- cepting or obftrufting. INIHRCOLUMNIA'TION, S. \mter, Lat. and cdumna, Lut.J thefpace between two pillars. INTERCOMMU'NITY, S. a mutual communication or commnnityj a mutual free- dom or cxcrcife of religion ; adoption of re- ligions lites between two of more fhites. INTERCO'STAL, Adj. \o{]nurd.r\ikcofta, Lat.] placed or lltuated between the ribs. I'NTERCuUPvSK, S. [^z-rwrars, Fr.] commerce or mucual exchange. Communi- cation, applied to places or perfons. '' An " inrercourfe with England." Bac. " An in- <' tecoui-fe with the fupremc m'mi.^'' Attcrb. IN TERCU'RRENCE, S. {Intercurran, of intercurro, Lat. ) the aftion of running be- tween. " Without the intercurrence of a li- •* quor.'' Boyle. Seldom ufeJ. INTERCU'RRENT, Adj. [inurcurrens, Lat.] running between. " Some fubtle in- " tercurrent matter." Bcfle. Not in ufe. To INTERDI'CT, V. A : ;"«tov/;Vf, Fr.] to forbid, applied to laws, or the commanu of a fuperio: . in Canon Law, to forbid from enjoying communion with the church. INTERDI'CT, S. a law which forbids any thing. Among the Papifls, a prohibi- tion of the pope to the clergy to celebrate the holy offices. INTERDI'CTION, S. [Fr. Ir.terdiah, Lat.] a law or decree wiiich forbids any thing. INrEROrCrORY, Adj. containing a prohibition or forbiddance. To INTERE'ST, V. A. [Inter Fr.] to concern ; to effeft ; to give a fhare in ; to gain the affe<fHons, or be very clofcly con- iiefted with a perfon's intereft or welfare. I'N rEREST, S. concern, advantage, or good influence over others ; fhare, or part in any undertaking ; a regard to private or pcrfo- nal advantage or profit j a fum paid for the ufe pf monev; a farplus of advantage or profit. To INTERFE'RE, V N. [inter ^nAfcrio, Lat.] to interpofe, intermeddle, or become a fliarer in ; to clafh or oppofe. INTE'RFLUENT, Adj. [Intafuem, Lat.] flowing between. " The interjhient celeftial *' matter." B':yle. INTERFU'SED, Adj. [interfufus, Lat.] poured or fcattercd between. " The ambient " air wide interfufd." Mih. INTERJA'CENCY, .S. [.See Interjacent] the aft or (tate of lying between two objefts. INTERJA'CENT, Adj. [Inter] jrcns, Lat.l lying between. " Little iflands interjacent.^' Raleigh mind, as oh ! alas I'NTERIM, S. [Lat.l the mean time ; an interval ; any time coming between two per riods or aftions expreiled. " In the interim.'^ Taller. To INTER JO'IN V. A tn ioin mutuilly; to intermarry. ♦' interjwi ih^u ilTies." Shak. INTE'RIOR, Adj. [interlciir, Fr. ulterior, Lat.] internal ; inmofc. INTERKNO'WLt-' DGE,S.mqtua! know- ledge. " AH n-itions have intcrknoiuUdgc, one " of arnther." Bacon. To INTERLA'CE, V. A \entrelaJPr,YT.1 to intermix ; to ■vcave. plait, or mix one thing viithin another. To INTERLA'RD. V. A. \entrelurder, Fr] in Cookery, to m.-: m:',* with bacon, or fat wiih lean ; to iiitcrp.'fe. or in/ert be- tween ; to diverfify with mixture. To INTIRLE.VVE, V. A. to hind up with l)lank paper between each of the leaves. To INTliRLI'NE, V. A. to 'vr'e be- tween the lines of a book or manuiciirt. 1NTERL[NE.A'T10N, S. the aft of writ- ing any thijig between the lines of a printed book or manufcript. To INTER Ll'NK, V. A. to conneft chains one within another. Figuratively, to join together, like the links of a chain, whicU n-.ntually conneft each other. " Thefe arc " two chains which are interlinked.'^ Dryd, INTERLOCU'TJON, S. [Fr. interkcutio, Lat.] dialogu.', or the eft of fpeaking by turns. "The reheavfal of the pfalms — done " by ir.tedocution." Hacker. I N T E R L O'C U T O R , .S . [inter ^nd locutusy Lnt. o£ loqueo, Lat.] the perfon introduced as difcourfing in a dialogue; one that talks with, ariotlier. " The interlocutors compliment." Bosk. ■lNTERLO'CUTO''.Y, S. confifting ofa dialogue, or converfation carried on by two or more perfons. In Law, applied to an or- der that does not decide a caufe, but only fet- tles fome matter incident thereto. To INTERLOTE, V. N. [inter, Lat.and loopin, Belg.] to run between parties, and in- tercept the advantage that one would gain from the other. In Commerce, to intercept the trade of .i company; to traffic wit' out li- cence ; t- 'xireira'. LNTERLOTER, S one who, without li- cence, intercepts ttie tr ide c' ii compmy diat has an exchilive ch^irter; one who runs into bufinefs to which he Itas no rit'.t. INTERLUDE, S. {inter, Lat. and hdut, Lat.] fometh-'ig played or pcrfctrmed faetv.'ecii the afts of a c;.iC^edy or comedy ; a farce. INTERLU'KNCY, S. [interluers, from 1.7- tfrluo, Lat. the ftdtc of water which r^ns between any two places; the interrofirio:* INTERJE'CTION, S. TFr. iVv.'/V.^/o, 1 of water. '^' T\\s. imcrltuncy oi the fea." Lat. j ill Grammar, a part of fpeech, or word, I Uuk, INTER- I N T INTERLU'NAR, or INTERLU'NARY, Adj. belonging to the time when the moon is about to change, and becomes invifible. " Hid *' in her vacant irtterluuar cave." Mi'.t. _ INTERMA'RRIAGE, S. the aft of mar- riage between two families. To INTERMA'RRY, V. A. to many perfons out of one family with fomc of an- other. To INTKRME'DDLE, V. N. to concern one's felf officioiilly with affairs that one has no bulincfs with. l.N'TERME'DDLER, S. one that ofTici- oiilly fhnifts himfelf into biifinefs which he has no riglu or call to. IN TERM PyDIAL, Aflj. [viur and medius., Lat.] inferrenint;; lying between. "Without *' s.ny ir.ta-ntedial z^riMltS." Taylor. INTERME'DIATE, Adj. Wtcrfredlat, Fr. "I intervening; intcrpofed ; placed in the iiii.lJle between two extremes. IMTERME'DIATELY, Adv. by way of intervention or interpofition. INTE'RMENT, S. [Fr.] burial; the a<fl of burying or putting a corpfe in the pround. INl'ERMIGRA'riON, S. fFr.j'the ad of two or more removing from one place to another, fo that each of them occupies the place which the other quitted. " The pofilbi- " Yityof Intermi^ratiom.^' Hale. Seldom ufed. _ INIE'RMINABLE, Adj. [Fr.] admit- ting no boundai y, or limits. L'fed fubll.in- tively for an infinite Being. " As if they " would confine t\\ htermriable.'"' Milt. INFERMINA'TION, S. [Fr. wtenrwa- t!0, Lat.] a threat, or denouncing of punifli- ment again ft crimes. To INTERMl'NGLE, V. A. to mix ; to mingle. IN FERMI'SSION, S. [Fr. htcrwl/JIs, Lat.] a pjufe, itop, or cclLtion for a time ; the fp ace between any two events ; deby ; a cefTifion of pain or forrow. INTEKMI'SSIVE, Ad], affefting by fits, or witli pnafos between. To INTERMI'T, V. A. [wtcn,:itto, Lat.] to foi be;ir any thing for a time j to interrupt. To grow mild between the fits or paroxyfms, tpplii^d to levers. LNTERMl' TTENT, Adj. [Fr. humvlt- tern, Lat. ] coming only by fits, or after fome f aufc or interval. To INTERMI'X, V. A. to mingle, mix, or put fome things between others. INTERMl'x'rURE, S. a mafs formed by mi.xing fcveral things. INTERMU'NDANE, Adj. \l':':r and mundui, Lat. J exifting or (ituatcd between worlds, or the fcveral bodies which compofe the foiar fyftem. INTE'RNAL, Adj. r;"f«-.''«J, Lat.] with- in ; in the mind ; inward. INTh'RNALLY, Adv. inwardly; men- till v; in the min.!, fpirir, or underflaiiding. IN TER PEL L A'l" i O N, S. [ t r. Imcr^clia- I N T t'lo, Lat.] in Law, a fummons or call upon. " Extrajudicial interpellation. '^ Ayllffi. To INTE'RPOLATE, V. A. [interpohtu^, of ir.terpoh, Lat. intcrpoler, Fr.j to foift a tiling into a place, by forgery, to which it does not belong ; to renew ; to begin again after intermiflion. " Interpolated motions." Bale. Seldi>m ufed in the laO: fenfe. INTERPOLA'TION, S. [Fr.J fomething added to the original, applied to manufcripts or books. INrERPOLA'TER,S.[Lat.;»/f'-;«/^to/r, Fr. I a ptrfon who inferts or foifts forged pad'.gcs into an original. INTERPO'SAL, S. [from interpof-} the aft of intervening between two pcrfons ; in- terpofition ; intervention. To INTERPO'SE, V. A. \interpofcr, Fr ] to thrufi: in between two perfons, as an ob- flruftion, interruption, or inconvenience ; to come between, or refcue from any danger. INTERPO'SER, S. one that comes be- tween cth.ers ; a mediator ; one that intrudes hinifelf into, or meddles with, another per- fon'b atlairs. LMTtRPOSI'TION, S. [Fr. interpofitio, Lat.] the aft of intervening, in order to pre- vent or promote a dcfign ; mediation ; inter- vention, or the flate cf being placed between two " The intirc interpcfuion of the earth." Raldvb. A thing placed between two ex- tremes. To INTTE'RPRET, V. A. [tntcrpretar!, Lat. ir.terpreter, Fr.] to explain any difficulty in writing; to tran flate ; to decipher; to give a folution ; to expound. INTE'RPRETABLE, Adj. capable of being tranilated, deciphered, or explained. INTERPRETA'TION, S. [Fr. intafre- tafio, Lat. J the aft of explaining the meaning of a foreigner in our ow.'r language; thefetife given by a tranll.itor. INTE'RPRETATIVELY, Adv. as may 1)6 coUefted by way of explanation. INTfRPRETER, S. [intcrpretc, Tr. in- terpret, Lat 1 an explainer ; a tranllator. INTER. PU'NCnON, S. [intcrpunaio, Lat.] the aft of placing flops or points be- tween words. INI ER-RE'GNUM, S, [Lat.] the time in which a throne is vacant, between the death of one prince and the acceflion of an- other. To INTERROGATE, V. A. [interroga- tr/s, of interroga, Lat. inttrroger, Fr.] to ex- amine by afking queflions ; to afk queflions. INTERROGA'TION, S. ( Fr. ir.terro^a. tio, Lat. J a qneflion. In Grammar, a point ufed after a queftion, is it not marked thus (.') JNTERKtHGATIVE, Adj. [im.rrogatif, fr.] dtaoting a queflion ; exprefled in the forin of a ciuefllon. INTERR0'C;AT1VE, S. in Grammar, a pvonouii uled in alking queflions, as ivLo? zchat ? INTER.- I N T TMTERRO'GATIVELY, Adv. in the fcurn of a qiieltion. INTE.'IROGA'TOR, S. one who a.'ks, or examines by afning 4iieQions. INTER R O'G ATOR Y, S. [murrogatoire, Fr.j a qucftion. JNTERRO'GATORY, AJj. containing Of cxpredlng a quelHon. To INTERRU'l' r, V. A. [interruptus, of Interrun'.pc, Lat. J to hinder the procefs, mo- tion, or dire<flion of any thing, by breaking in upon it ; to hinder a perftn fiom finilliing his lentence by fpeaking to him in the middle of it. To divide or leparate by rupture, " The main abyfs wide interrupt." Par. L'Jl. This fenfe. tho' agreeable to the etymology, is not in nfe, INTERRU'PTEDLY, Adv. not without ftnppages. iNlERRU'PTER, S. one who m-ikes a perfon break off in the middle of his difcuurfc by loeaking to him, INTERRU'PTION, S. [Fr. interruptio, Lat.] in its primary Icnfe, but feldom uled, breach or lepar^tion between tiie pans by breaking; interpofition. " Severed by the " wrc/Ti-^f/V/ of the lea." Figur itivtly, in- tervention ; liindrance ; or tlie act of liop- ping any thing in motion. INTERSCA'PULAR, Adj. [inter and fca- p!i!a, Lat. J in Anatomy, placed between the ftioulders. To INTERSE'CT, V. A- [interfiaum, frnm intcfeco, Lat.] to cut or crols ; to di- vide each other mutually j to meet and ciofs each other, INTERSE'CTION, S. l!>itirfiaw, Lrit.J the point where lines crofs each other. ToLNrTERSF.'RT, V. A. [interferr:ai, of Interjcro, Lat. J to put in or introduce between other things. " If I may irrwjert a iliort " pliilofophical diflertation." Breennv. INTERSE'RTION, S. a thing inferted between others. To INI ERSPE'RSE, V. A. {imcrjfcrjin, Lat. from intcrjperge, Lat.] to fcat.eramongft other things. INTERSPE'RSION, S. the ad of fcat- tering amonw other things. INTERsVe'LLAR, Adj. [inter rndftcila] intervening, or lituated between the Itais. " Tlie imcrJicUar fKy." Bacon. INTERSTICE, S. {meyfiiuim, Lat ] the fpace Jietween two things, or the time be- tween two events. INTERS II'TIAL, Adj. containing in- ter dices. INIERTE'XTURE, S. [h-.tcrtextinw., of i^teitexo, Lat. j tlie aft of mingling or weav- ing one thing with another. To INTERTWI'NE, or INTE-R- TWIST, V. A. to unite or join by twilling one in another. IN TERVAL, S [imsi-z-a/le^ Fr. itiieri-a!- I N T hm, Lat.] fpace or diftance, void of nTatter j tirr^; between two events. To IN'TBTIVENE, V. N. [inter^er.iff, Lat. intcr--vfnir, Fr.] to comc between. INTER VE'NIfiNT, Adj. [i>.ter7jcr.ie,is, Lat.] coming between. INTERVE'NTION, S. [Fr. inter-ventio, Lat.J the Ibte of aifling between perfbns ; the interpofition of means ; the llatc of being interpofcd. To INTERVE'RT. V. A. [inter-v.rto, Lat.] to fet afide, or turn to another uli.'. " » he duke i//Yt'/--wn'£a' the bargain." Wc::, Not in iile. INTERVI'EW, S. [fometimes accenltd ontliefirll fylbblc ; entrcvui, Fr.] mutual fight, generally applied to fome formal and appointed inccting or conference. To INTLRVO'LVE, V. A. [imeri'oho, Lar.] to roil between ; to involve one with- in another. 1 o INTERWE'AVE, V. A. |preter/V=r- ivoiic, part, paffive, intiriuover. or ir.tcrivo-ad] to mi.K one thing with another in weaving ; to intermingle. INIE'STABLE, Adj. [intcft^LiUs, Lat.] ill Law, not qualified to make a will. INTES'TATE, Adj. [intcjiat, Fr. intcfij- tus, Lat.] in Law, dying without a will. INTE'STINAL.Adj. [Fr.j belonging to the gut5. INTE'STINE, Adj. [intefiine, Fr. intcjlirus, L^t.j internal ; inward ; contained in the La- dy. Applied to war, domeflic, or war waged by citizens againll their fellow citizens. " Alortal and ;s/£/?.'«t- jars — 'twi>.t thy coun- '•' irvmen and us." SLck. INTE'STINE, S [Fr. inKjlimnr, L:it.] the gut, or bowel. Seldom ufed in the lingu- lar number. To INTHRA'L, V. A. to enHuve ; to bring under diSculties. IN rtlRA'LMENT, S. a (late of ilavery. To INTHRO'NE, V. A. to place on a throne ; to make a king of. I'NTIMACY, S. a Aate of familiarity or friendfhip wheiein one perfon has always free accefs to another, and is favoured wi:h his fcniinents without referve, I'NTIMATF, Adj. [iminms, Lat. ir.tima- do, Span.] inmolt; internal ; inward. " /«.•- " »«ri? impuhe." MUt. Near; clofe; not kept atadiflance; familiar; converling with, or unit- ed to another withi)ut referve or rellr: int. I'NTIMATE. .S. [inrimnJo, Span. imiwuSf Lat.] a friend v% lio has free accefs, and is in- truded with the thoughts of another uithou: referve. To I'NTIMATE, V. A. [iminur, Fr.] to hint ; to point out indirectly and obfcurely. I'NTLMATELY, Adv. cloftly, or with- out any intermixture of parts } with confi- dence. Void of lefcrve, applied to friend- (hip. Nearly, internally, or infeparably. a " Moie . 1 N t ** More Ir.i'w.ately united with us." SpcEl. ] No. aiQ. IN'TLMA'TIONT, S. [Fr.] an hint; an obfcure or indireft declaration or direction. 1 o INTI'MIDATE, V. A. [ir.timidcr, \ Fr.] to afTL(ft with fear ; to deprive of en- I couragement. " Intimidate! thchxAVz.^' Lere. INTfRE, Adj. [eiitkr, Fr. better written vith v.n c at the beginnin<i;, as Johnfon ob- fervcs. Sec Eviire, and all its derivatives] vhole ; unbroken, or undiminilhcd ; without any adulteration. I'NTO, Prep, entrance ; penetration be- yond the Airface, or motion beyond the out- ward parts. " To look into letters." Pope, INTO'LERABLE, Adj. [Vr. intckraiilis, X-at.] not to be borne or endured. INTO'LERABLENESS, S. the quality of a thing which is not to be endured. IN'TOLERABLY, Adv. to a degree too great for our (hength or patience to endure. INTO'LERANT, Adj. [Fr.] not endur- ing, or not able to endure. To INTO'MB, V. A. ftheo pronounced like the double o in cl-o:fe] to bury ; to inclofc in a monument. To IN'TONATE, V. A. [intomtus, Lat. from iniono, Lat.] to thunder ; to make a noife like thunder. INTONA'TION, Adj. [Fr.] the aft of thundering. To INTO'NE, V. N. [intouner, Fr.] to tune, or ftrike the fame note. " Afs ;n;irtj *' to afs." Pope. To INTO'RT, V. A. {intortns, Lat.] to t\\Ul< wreathe, or wring. " Th' intortcd " horns." Pope. To INTO'XICATE, V. A. to make dr\uik with (Iror.g liquors. Figuratively, to inebriate witli vice, or flattery. INTOXICA'TJON, S. the aft or date of making or being dnink. INTRA'CTABLE, Adj. [intraFiahilis, Lat. ir.tritabli, Fr.] obftinate, or not to be go- verned ; furious. INTRA'CTABLENESS, S. obflinacy; not to be fubjefted to rule ; furioulhefs, not to be tamed. INTRA'CTABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as not to be governed or tamed. INTRA NQLU'LITY, S. a ftateofrcfUcfs- nef?. " Intrai^qiidity v.'hich makes men impa- *' tient of laying in their beds." Temple INTRANSMU'TABLE, Adj. not to be changed iato another fubflance or metal. To INTRE'ASURE, V. A. to lay up as in a treafury. To INTRENCH, V. N. fof ;;; and trar.- ch^r, Fr. I to ivade or tncro.ich upon what i^e longs to another ; lo mark with hollows like trenches. " His face — deep fears of thunder " had intrenched."' Par. Lojl. In War, to fortify «iih a ditch or trench. INTRE'KCHANT, Adj. not to be fc parated by cutting, but immtui:itely clc/fing i N t again. " Aseafy may'ft thou ivtrenchavt the " air — with keen fword imprefs." Shak. INTRE'NCHMENT, S. a trench or work which defends a poll frotn the attacks of an enemy. INTREPI'D, Adj. [intrepid!, Fr. intri- pidu!, Lat.] not aiTcdted with fear at the pro- ipeit of danger. INTREPl'DITY, S. \ intrepidite', Fr.] a difpofition of niind unaffedled with fear at the profpccl of danger. INTRE'PIDLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be unaffciSltu with fear at the profpcit of danger. INTRI'CACY, S. [from intricate'] the ftate of a thing much intangled ; perplexity arifing from a complication of fafts. INTRI'CATE, Adj. {iniricatui, Lat.] en- tangled ; perplexed ; obfcure or difficult. INTRI'C.ATELY, Adv. m fuch a man- ner as to perplex. INTRl'CATENESS, S. the quality of being fo perplexed and complicated as not to be eafily explained. INTRl'GUE, S. [Fr. pronounced intreag] a plot; an amour carried on with great arti- fice by lovers. In Poetry, the plot of a fa- ble, or an artful complication of circumftance.-; which embarraffes the perfonagcs, and keeps the minds of the audience in fufpence, and unable to determine the event of the play. To INTRI GUE, V. N. to form plots ; to carry on an amour by flratagems and ar- tifices. INTRI'GUER, S. one who forms plots; carries on private amours with women, or bufics himfelf in fecrcr tranfartions. INTRI'GUINGLY, Adj. with artifice ot fecret plotting. INTRl'NSIC, Adj. [intrinfccus, Lat.] in- ward; internal; real; true in its own nature* JNTRl'NSICAL, Adj. \intrinjecui, Lat. intrinft-que, Fr] internal j folid j real. INTRI'NSICALLY, Adi\. internally; really ; in its own nature. " In its own nai^- " ture abfolutely and istripjically t\\V' Prior. Within. " The lefs he (hewed without, the " more he wrought irtrirjically.''' Wuton, INTRl'NSICATE, Adj. perplexed : en* tangled. " Too iy.trinfuate t.o unloofe." Shaki To INTRODU'CE, V. A \jntriduco, Lat. Imroduire, Fr.] to conduct ; to give entrance to ; to ufher into a place, or to aperfon j to bring any thing into practice or notice. INTRODU'CER, S one who conduftsor ufhers into a place, or to a perfon ; one who brings any thing into ufe, pr3(ftice.or notice. INTRODL'CTION, S. the aft of ufher- ingor conduifling into a place, or to a perfon ; tile (late of being ulhered ; the aft of biing- ing any thing new into notice or pruftite.; a difcourfe prefixed to a book, containing feme things neccflary to give a true idw-a of ihc man- ner in which the fubjeft is treated of, CTc. INTRODU'CTIVE, Adj. [introdu^if, Fr.J I N T fr.] ferving as a prepafative, or a means to fomething elfe. INTRODU'CTORY. Adj. previous ; in order to prepare, or lerviug us a means, to Something further. INTROGRE'SSION, S. [wtrogrejfo, Lat.] siitrance j the a<ft of entering or going in. INTRO'IT, S. fFr. htrclun, Lat,] in the Romift church, the beginning of the inafi or public devotions. INTROMI'SSION, S. [ivrromif.o, Lat.] the a(fl of feriding ; the aCi of giving en trance or admidion. To INTROMIT, V. A. \lntrcvutto, Lnt.] to fend, let, or admit in ; to allow to er.ter. " Glafs wc/wj.iVj light." Holder. To INTROSPE'CT, V. A. [introffeauK, of IntroJ'pkio, Lat.] to look into, or take a view of the infide, INTROSPFA'TION, S, a view of the inlide. An internal view of its powers or ftate, applied to the mind. " An introfpcSlion " into my own mind." Dryd. INTROVE'NIENT, Adj. fof wfro, Lat. and 'ver.iitis, Lat.j entering or coming in. •* Com.mixture of ir.tro'vcment nations." Broiun. Seldom ufed. To INTRL'DE, V. N, to come in without invitation or permiilion ; to thrufl: one's fclf rudely into company or bullnels ; to rmder- take a thing without being permitted, called to it, or qualified for it. INTRU'DER, S. one who forces himfelf I N V To TNTWI'NE, V. A. to twiA or wreatlic together like twine 3 to furround ortwiit round. '1 o INVA'DE, V. A. [in-vcido, Lat] to enter into a country in a warlike manner ; to attack j to afldil or affault ; to I'eize on like an enemy. " To iri'vade another's ri!?ht." INVa'DER, S. one who enters'into the poifcflions or dominions of anotJicr, and at- tacks them as an enemy ; one whoafiails or attacks j one who encroaches or intrudes. INVA'LESGENCE, S. [m'uaUfcema,L2^tA want of health. INVA'LID, Adj. [in-valide, Fr, in-vaMus, Lar.J weak, applied to bodily ftrength. Of no force or cogency, applied to argument. Ufcd in the plural for foldiers that are worn out with age, or, by the cafuakies of war, rendered unfit for further fervice in the field. In this fen fc it is pronounced i:ke the French, in'vaked. INVALI'DITY, S. \]n-vaUiu', Fr.] want of force or cogency, applied generally to ar- guments. INVA'LUABLE, Adj. of fo great value as to be above conception or eihmation. INVA'RIABLE, Adj. [Fr.j not chang. ing ; vvitliout varying. JNVA'RIABLENESS, S. the quality of being always the fame ; confiant, or withous change. JNVA'RIABLY, Adj. wi; horn changing j unchangeably; conftanily. INVA'SION, S. [Fr. in-va^lo, Lat.] the into company or affairs without permiffion, entrance or attack of an enemy on the pollcf- qualification, or being welcome. fions or dominions of another : an encroach- INTRU'SION, S. [Fr. intrufc, Lat.] the ment, or unlawful attack oi the rights of an- aft of forcing any psrfon or thing into any other, place or ftate ; encroachment upon any per- j INVAS'IVE, Adj. entering like an enemy foil or Itate ; entrance without invitation or welcome. To INTRU'ST, V. A. to treat with con fidcnce j to charge with any fecret comniif- fion, or aii^ thing of value. INTUl'TJON, S. [/«i/;7«j, Lat.] the fight of any thing j a conception, applied gene- rally 10 the ad of the mmd, whereby it has an immediate knowledge of any thing with- out any dcdu<ftions of re:;fon. INIU'ITIVE, Adj. [intmth:us, Lat. ;>- ttii'if, Fr.j feen by the mind immediately, vithout the dcuurtions of reafon. Seeing or aftu^l fight, oppofed to belief. " T he hituiti-uc " vifion of God." Booker. Having the power of difcovering truths immediately without reafoning. INTU'ITIVFLY, Adv. \!r,?ukhe^,c,H, Fr.] by a glance or immediate application of the mind. " God fees all things iiituiti-vcly ." Baler, INTUME'SCENCF, S, [Fr. intumejcc::,, Lat. " a fwcUing; a tumor; the a(fl or flatc of fwclling or rifing above its ufual height INTURGE'SCKNCE, S. fwelling ; the aft or lldte of i\velling. on the bounds of another 5 encroaching oa the rights of another. INVE'CTIVE, S. a reproachful, cenfori- ous,^ or fcandalous espiefllon, whether in writing or in ip'.ech. INVE'CTIVE, Adj. containing cenfare, fcandal, fatire, or reproachful expreffions. INVE'CTIVELY, Adv. in a fatirical, abufive, or fcandalous manner. To INVE'IGH, V. A. [from iwri^Lat.] to utter cenfure, or reproach ; to fpcak bit- terly again fl. INVE'IGFIER, S. a vehement railer. To INVE'iGLE, V. A. f p-^"ioi!nced zV- ■veegle] to perfuade, allure, or fcduce to fome- thing bad or hurtful. INVE'IGLER, S. fcducer, deceiver, or allurer to ill. To INVE'LOPE, V. A. See Eri'vch'fc. To INVE'NT, V. A. [h-vemcr, Fr.] to difcovcr, find out, or produce fomething ?inknown or not made before j to forge, or contrive contrary to truth ; to feiga or create by the fertility of the imagina- tion, INVE'NTER, S. \\nvcntew, Fr.] o«e who I N V I N V who difcovers, or produces fomethinjT new or j ceremony of confqring a right or poflcHwri not known before j a perfon who for^ allerts a faheliooJ. INVE'NTION, S [Fr. inwntio, Lat.] the aift of finding or producing iomething new ; the difcovery of fomething hidden ; the fub- tlety of the mind, or that exertion of the ima- gination, whereby we create things that either have no exittence in nature, or are intirely new or im known ; a difcovery ; the thing in- vented ; a fcn-gcry or fidtion. INVE'NTIVE, Adj. [in-ventif, Fr.] quick at contrivance ; ready at expedients, INVE'NTOR, S. a finder out or maker ol any manor, orrice or benefice. INVESTMENT, S.diefs; cloaths; habit* INVE'TERACY, S. {in-vcteratlo, Lat.J long continuance of any thing bad. Figura- tively, obdinacy confirmed or contra(fted by long continuance. In Piiyfic, the long conti- nuance of any dileafe. INVETERATE, S. [m-vtteratu;, Lat.] old; long elf ablilhed ; grown oblliiiate ; not eafily fu: mounted ; by long continuance or pradice. To INVE'TERATE, V, A. [inwleratus, oi In-vetero, Lat. in-viterer, Fr.] to harden or of fomething new ; a framcr or contriver of make obftinate by long praftice.or continn Iomething ill. INVENTO'RIC ALLY, Adv. in the man- ner of an inventory. INVE'NTORY, S. [fometimes accented on the firfl iylLble ; imtentcire, Fr. iii'voito- rium, Lat.] an account or catalogue oJ move- ables ; a lilf or catalogue of goods. To IN'VENTORY, V. A. to form into a catalogue. '^ it \\id.\[ hsinzientorled." Uluk. Seldom ufed. INVE'NTRESS, S. {inwntrke, Fr.] a fe- male who finds out or produces any thing new. INVE'RSc:, Adj. [Fr. inwrj/is, Lat.J in- verted j going backwards. INVE'KSION, S. [Fr. i>:-ve>Jio, Lat.] change of order or time, fo that the firll is laft , or laft is firft. In Grammar, a figure whereby the v.ords are not placed in the na- tural and grammatical order. As " of all " vices, the moll abominable is impurity " Inftcad of" impurity is themoft abomiHable *' of all vices." To INVERT, V. A. [inwrto, Lat.] to change the natural order of things or words; to turn upfide down, or place in a mjthod or order contrary to that which was before ; to place the firit laif. INVE'RTEDLY, Adv. in an unnatural order ; in fuch a manner that the firft is placed laff, or the laft firft. To INVE'ST, V. A. [in-vefw, Lat.] ir.- vejiir, Fr.] to eloath or drels : when follow- ed by two nouns it hath ivlrh or ;/: befote the thing. "/«'yf/2himTOi>Athylovelic(lfmiles." Dtnh. To place in polldlion of a rank or office ; to confer or give. To inclofe or fur- round a place, fo as to intercept all Aiccours, applied to fiegds. ' INVE'STIENT, Adj. [inwjikns, Lat.] covering j cloathing. " Its inwjiitnt fliell." IN VE'STIGABLE, Adj. [from invejllgat:] to be fcarchcd out or traced by the mind. To INVE'STIGATE, V. A. to fearch out ; to trace or find out by reafon. INVESTIGA'TION, S. [Fr. in-jej}':g.:th, Lat.] the aft of the mind by which unknown truths are traced out and difcovered j an ac- curjte examination. INVE'STITURF, S. [Fr.] the aft and ance. " By tradition infufed and i/w^rJv.'frf " into men s minds." Bac. INVETERA'TION, S. the aft of ha* den- . ing or confirming by long praftice and. con- tinuance. INVI'DIOUS, Adj. [i,i-yurms;in'viJiif!is, Lat.] envious j malignant. Figuratively, likely to promote or incur hatred. ' ,' • INVIDIOUSLY, Adv. in an envious .ind malignant manner ; in a manner likely tu provoke hatred. INVI'DIOUSNESS, S. the quality of pro- voking envy or hatred. To INVl'G ORATE, V. A. to make flrong; to infpiie with vigour, life, and fpirit. INVI'NCIBLE, Adj. [ Fr. ;Wwt;Z';7;5,Lac.] not to be conquered or iubdued ; not to be informed, or removed by inllruftionv . INVI'NCIBLENESS, S. the quality of not being conquerable. INVJ'NCIBLY, Adv. in fuch an manner as not to be conquered or furmounted. INVl'OLABLE, Adj. [Fr. in-vio!abUis, Lat.] not to be profaned, applied to things facred. Not to be injured. Not to be bro- ken, applied to laws or fecrets. Not to be hurt. " The inviolable faints." T^lilt. INVI'OLABLY, Adv. without broach or failure. INVI'OLATE, Adj. [Fr. ir.-viohtiis, Lat ] unhurt, or without futfeiing from violence. Unprofaned, applied to holy things. Unbro- ken, applied to laws or obligations. IN'VIOUS, Adj. [in-jiu:, Lat.] not paf- fable ; not common or trodden. " Iniil:,us " ways." Hudib. To INVI'SCATE, V. A. [from in and ■vifcus, Lat.] to lime ; to daub or patch with any glutinous or flicking I'ubihince. INVISIBl'LITY, S. [inflfJAlit<:\Yr.\ the (bte of not being feen, 6x not being percep- tible. INVISIBLE, Adj. [Fr. in-vi/Ibili:, Lat.J not to be fcen. INVI'SIBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as not to be fcen. INVITA'TION, S. [Fr. invHario, Lat] the aft of calling or fummoning ; the aft of dcfiring a pcrfon's company. To IiNVI'TE, V. A. [;w;.-5, Lat. inciter, fr.-j I N V f'ri] to bid or requeft a perfon to come to one'sl houlc, or make one of a party ; to allure. INVl'TINGLY, Adv. in fuch a rnanner as allures. INU'NCTION, %.{inunEius,oVwungo, Lat.] the aft of frhearing or anointing with any fat or oily fubftance. " The inuvilion of the " feathers." Ray. INUNDA'TI'ON, S. Vimndatlon, Fr. hmn- datio, Lat.] the aft of flowing; a flood. Fi- . guratively, a confluence or multitude coming together to the fame place. To FNVOCATE. V. A. [ii-vocam, of k- •voco, Lat.] to call upon in prayer; to addrefs for afllftance. INVOCATION, S. [Fr in-vocatio, Lat.] the aft of calling upon in prayer j the form ufcd in addrefling a fuperior Being for afllft- ance. INVOICE, S. [perhaps corrupted from the French en-voyex, of en-vjyer, Fr. to fend] a catalogue of the freight of a lliip ; or of the articles fliippcd on board, and configned to fome perfon in a foreign country. To INVO KE, V. A. [jii'v^qiier, Fr. in-voco, Lat.] to call upon, addrefs, or pray to any fuperior Being for aid. To INVO'LVE, V. A. [inijoho, Lat.] t© 'inwrap, or cover with any thing which far- rounds ; to entwift or join ; to take in ; to catch, or Aibjeft to ; to entangle or perpl to complicate, or make intricate. " Iii'voh'd " difcourfes." To blend or mingle together confufedly. " EartU with hcU mingle and '* in-vohe." Milt. INVO'LUNTARTLY, Adv. [from itrzw- luntary] not by choice ; againft one's will ; iiecefiarily. IN VO'LUNTAR Y, Adj . \in'voluKtaire, Fr. J not having the powerof choice j ncceflltated ; not chofen or done willingly. INVOLU' r ION, 3. [-ri-vokth, Lat.j the aft of wrapping in a thing. Figuratively, the ftate of being mixed, complicated, or in- tricate ; that which is wrapped round any thing. In Algebra, the raifing any quan- tity from its root to any hsight or power af- figned. To INU'RE, V. A. [of In and uro, Lat.] to habituate ; to accuftom ; to make ready ; | jefling. "Mirth or jocofity.'^ Brcwn. Jo willing, and able by prafticc or cuftom. It cofcncfs is mod ufed JOG To IN'V/ ALL, V. A. to inclof- with a wall. " To biivcil! themfelves (Irongly." Spenjer. I'NWARD, Adj. placed at a diftance from the furface, or outward part. I'NWARD, S. anything witbi"; gene- rally applied to the bowels, and ufi-d always in the plural number. I'NvVARDLY, Adv. internally; in the mind or heart j privately; in a concave form, applied to a body bent, and oppofed to any convexity or protuberance outwardly. To INWE'AVE, V. A. [praerinwow, or ivivea'Vcd, part, paff! inivc-ve, or i/iiucLicn^ to mix any thing in weaving j to intvvine, or mingle. " In'zv^i'ven (hade." Par. Lojl. To INWRA'P, V. A. to wrap or cover by folding a thing over. Figuratively, to per- plex, or puzzle with difficulty; to ravifh, or tranfport. " 'Tis wonder that hiivrjps nr.c '• thus." Skak. INWRO UGHT, Adj. wrought into the fubftance of a thing. To IN WRE'ATHE, V. A. to furround as with awreath. '■^InivicatFd w'lih heams."MHt. JOB, S. [of unccitain etymology] a fmuil, trifling, or cafual piece of work ; a low, mean, mercenary, and lucrative employment j a fudden ftab with a (harp pointed inftnmient. To JOB, V. A. to ilrike fuddcnly with a fharp pointed inftrument ; to perfor.P fmall pieces of work. Neuteriy, to deal in the funds, or in buying and felling flocks for others. JO'BUER, S. one who buys and fells flocks for others ; one who does chance work. JO'BBERNOWL, S. [fromjo/'^^, Flem. and k>:ou\ Sax.] a loggerhead, or a perfon of dull parts. " Men's jo/>/>crr:w!s — turn round "upon their ears." Hud. JO'CKE Y, S. a perfon who rides a horfe at a race; one who deals in hoif.s. Figuratively, a cheat or bite. To JO'CKEY, V. A. to juftle in riding. Figuratively, to Ghe;it or trick. JUCO'SE, Adj. [jocofus, Lat. J merry j given to jeft. JOCO'SELY'', Adv. in a merry, waggifii, or jefiing manner. JOCO'SENESS, or JOOO'SITY, S. the quality of being difpofed to iticrriment or generally implies hardfhip or labou INU'REMENT, S. praftice; habitacquir- ed by long praftice ; ufe. To INU'RN, V. A. to put into an urn : to bury, or put into a tomb. " The fcpalchre " wherein we faw thee inumed.'" Simk, INU'STION,' S. the aft of burning, or of burning in. INU'TILE, Adj. [Fr. InutUh, Lat.] ufe- lefs ; unprofitable. mUTI'LITY, S. [InutUit/, Fr. wutultat, X.at.] want of ufe or profit. INVU'LNERABLE, Adj. [Fr. i-.-vulncra- iil.s, Lat.] aot to be wounded or hurt, JO'CULAR, Adj. [yoct/am. Lat.] ufcd in jeft ; jefting. JOCULA'RITY, S, a Jifpofition to jeft- ing ; merriment. JO'CUND, Adj. [jicundus, Lat.] merry ; gay ; lively ; full of mirth. JO'CUNDLY, Adv. in a gay or merrj manner. To JOG, V. A. {fchocken, Belg. lechac, Pol.] to pufh, or (hake by a fudden pufh ; to give notice, or excite a perfon 's attention by a pul'h. Neuteriy, to move on by jolts, like thofefelt in trotting, JOG, S. a pufli or Hlqht iliake ; a fudden w.l J o I interruption by a puih or fnakc ; a hint gTvcn by a pufh. • ',- JO'GGER,S.onevvho(ha'Ke;ov puflieJano- ther Hglitly; one who moves dully and heavily. To JO'&GLE, V. N. to (hake, ortb make a thing.vvake. JO'HN'-APPL'^, S. in Gardening, an apple xvhich is fliarp and vveil reHflied in the fptin," after it is g-itJieret^, when mod other fruit is fpcnr, and fit for making cydtr. JO'HNSON (Ben) was defcended from? Scots family^as born at Weflminfter in i 374, and was ediir?ted in the fc'iool there under the J jmir.s C.smden ; but upon his ■ father's death, who loft his efiate und^'r c>ueen Mary, his mother marrying a bricklayer, Ben was taken from fchool, and obliged to work at his father-in-law's trade ; but greatly difliking that employment, he went into the Low Countries, where he diftin^uifiied himfelf by his bravery. Upon hi> return to England, he applied himfelf CO iiis former fludies. Shake. Ipear is fiid to hnve iirft introduced liim to the worlJ, byrecommending a play of his which the ^rcors had refufed; and Mr, Pope remarks, that "when Cen got poflcflion of the ftagc, he brought critical learning into vogue; for till then the Englifh had no thoughts of writing upoii the model of the ancients; but perhaps his fancy had exerted it fclf with greater energy and (trength, had he K fs copied tlje an- tient.«5 for llruck with the correiHinefs andtruth of compolition in the oldciafiics, andinflam,ed by pafiionateadmiration to emtilate their beau-, ties, he was infenfibly led to'imagine that equal honours were due tofuccefsful imication.asto original and unborrowtd thinking. If he has obfcurities in his writings, he has likewife his. excellencies; fince none has been fn particu- larly liappy in tlelineatin<^ thofe chara(flers which are generally known by the name of cha- racters of humour : but in nothingishemore trulyadmirablc than in marking h'scharafters; not a fentence in any of his plays is fpoken by one perfon that could have entered into the thoughts of another perfon reprefented in it; but every fentimcrit is peculiar to him who ut- ters it. The Silent Woman, the Fox, and the -Alchymifl, ar-ethcmoftefteemed of his plays, though he wrote above fifty pieces that may be ranked under the fptcies of dramatic poetry. He died the 6th of Auguft 1637, and was in- terred in Weftminfttr Abbey. To JOIN, V. A. [pronounced /.■,-??, nxsm h'lrdre, Fr.] to add oni thing to another j to couple or combine ; to unite in concord ; to unite; to touch, or be contiguous ; to unite with in marriage, or any other league. JOINDER, S. the ad of joining. Seldom 11 fed. JO'INER, S. one who makes utenfils by joining different portions of wood together. JOINERY, S. an art whereby feveral pieces of wood are fo fixed and joined together, that tbcy iscm Que entire piece. JOL . JOINT, S. [in the pronunciation tltfi'p i*.- omittcd, and the; founded long like' that -In' ' t-ine \ jointure, Fr.] the articulation df the-" .' limbs, or union cf moveable bones in "ahimal ' bodies ; an hinge, or an union of different fub- ■. , ftanccs which are let into each other, fo as to. '• be capable of moving without breaking or Cc' •' parating ; a limb of an animal feparated. by a . butcb.er from the reft of a carcafe ;;a k;wJt-in'^ wood. Out of joint, is^applied to a bone Ihaf . is luxated or flipped, from the focket'in M'hi^I»'.._." it ufed to move. ;.'•.:. JOINT, Adj. ftared amon.g Vnatty. '<''jSint- 5 " property." Locke'. United' or partakipg m '. the fame polfeffion : hence ickf FcK '• • _. •- To JOINT, T. A. to unite iii a .confecler" ."■ racy, ^'' jointing their forces.!' SJ^ak. ' T'cr ^ form rnany parts into one ;' to form an^^ ar- • ticulations, orin fucha mahner as t6' move without breaking or feparatihg. *' T;be fing<?rs " areyci/:;f</tDgedicu' for'motion.'' )?tjy. Td- -. cut or divide 'a carc^fc.af this joint^.' .'Vi^e^ •. JO'INTED, Adj:' -having joiwfs^ ' fuH.pf^." joint? or knots; . ••.•■■ ...' ,^-V"., JO/INTER,' S": in;. Carpentry, a"pfene-.f' fpmcwhat ion2e'.-.th;itj..th;e fot-e pIane,;havIiT» its foie perfectly ''r^it; and ufed, to. follow'jJic'v. fore plane, p.nd- fk.^ot '^n ^d'ge perfectly (li^it^- ' ;' when a joint is to be (Jiof. ' ■ ' '•' • '■■'.': JO'IN.TLY, Ad-^': tfigether, oppefed tp' prC' ■■ paratclf. ' In a flet^ of ur^ion orcombinafriQh, • applied to theQ((tioo.of 4»ffef£pTrperS>nSi)1f ' things. ' • • ■• '..•". '.• ■*-; ••.:• V JO'INTRESS;S.ffromp«/«?-<!]^ woman .-^ who holds any thing in join titre. .• •; •• JO'INT-STOO-L,' S. a ftool ma^c by ■ •joints, or id . fuch a- manner that the lcgs>. • fides, and .top joiii each other. JOI'NTURE, S. [Ff.] in Law, an eftate ■• fettled on a wife to be enjoyed after the death, of hcr'hufband,.;' •'.'•: lOIST.'S. [froW/e/Vre, Fr.J in Archi- te/iure, a- piec.e .of trmb'er framed into the girders, on. which, the' boards cf fioors are laid. .- V .-.. . To JOIST,'V.A.tofit;'in thpfmaller beams on which the boards of a floor are laid. JOKK, S. [jocns, ■Lat'J a, jell or witty exprelTion, that caufes a fmile, or raifes .a laugh. ■.'...••' To JOKE, V. N. [;««'-, Lat] to ]^^ 5 or to endeavour meri'iJy to -divert by words and' aftions; to tell a pleafiirg fiction. To J OLE, 'V. A., to beat the head againft" any thing. . • .•' JO LLILY, Adv. {itomyeHy^ in a difpo- lition to noify mirth', JO'Ll.INESS, or jO'XJ.ITY, S. \(Tom /o//v] gaiety ; elcvation-of- fpirit j merriment j noify mirth. JO-'LLY, Adj. {joU, Fr. jovmUs, Lat.J gay ; merry ; chearful'; full of mirth and fpirits. Figuratively, plump, like a perfon in full health. To S - > •■* *r A. ; o y ■ *.'■ MTx) jolt, v. N. to fiiakcor Ihock, applied •' lo'yie.rtiction d a cairi^gfe in a rou;^h road. r' ■".'■' '^OLT, S. a fhock given by ;i Cdrriage tra- .'.■ ^. V^l'"}j in a rough road. ,,. -"/y .'JO'LTHEAD, S.a ^ei-eat head ;. a block *.",■; '.head.. " Fie on thtc, pithead, thou cari'ft ' ■•■"•^ ."^' not read." Shnk. • •.. ■-■_■■•..-. '..fONQUI'LLK, S. [Fr-I in Botany, a ; "'"J '. i^eUow flower ; a fjiecies of (J.;ffod!I. • • ••'•-.'JO'R-DEN, S. 1^'-, Six.-aivJd'f/.', Sax.] a ;*\;«, ^rhamber pot or cloTe-flpol pan. V. ■ • "' Jo JCSTLE, V. \.[jovpr, Fr.j to rufn -.'?,' ^V VuVi agairift a perfon. • .* •' /. " JOT, S [ghta. Span. (0Ta,-Gr.] a point ; a .•>• '^ '»tttfe; tlie Icart qinntity that can be alTigncd. .•'*"•. * '.-JfO'VlAL, Adj [Fr/Ww/w, Lat.jinAdro- ^' '. . iio&yjli'nder the influence of Jupiter j inAftro- J' •• noniy, belonging to Jupiter. Gay j airy;. ,"• ^ -elated vvith mil th,. . .. • "^ •. .'jO'\ri ALLY,. Adv. jii • a merry, 'airy, or ,**''* gay manner. •''•■"..' *.-..,'••. "irTO'VrALNESS.S. the quality or ftateof;. •'• ■" :bei-nf, merry. ' ■." y-.' !.;JOU'RNAL, S. fFr.] a diary ; an ac- »^ .."V'^ount oif a pcrfon's daily tranriiftions ; any ■^ ■». • Wews-paper publilhed daily or weekly, and \.^ .;.itxiiitii.ning the news of every day. In Na- y.j,-; Vigatiort, a.book vvlierein is kept an account ^ t.'*"v o^-tl-^e fliip's way st fea, the changes of the »•**. ."I" • wind, arid other occurrences. .. V* '.',.'.■ VJOU'RNALIST, S.' a writer of daily news- V, "• 'i«pk'-'v ■ ■ • 'JOU'RNEYjS. '"pronounced /V/rBfy; from journee, Fc] the diftance travelled in a day. . Figuratively, travel by land, diRinguiihcd from that by fea, which is (liled a 'voyage. Faflige from one place to another. . To JOU'RN EY, V. N. to travel or pafs from one place to another. JOU'RNEYMAN, S. \journce,Tr.] a per- fon hired to work by the day, at prefent ex- tended to fignify a perfon who works under a mailer. JOU'RNEYWORK, S. work performed for hire or wages. JOUST, S. [joujl, Fr.] a tilt or tourna- ment, wherein the combatants fight with fpears, £fr, ''At ;or//? and tournament." Milt. Mo JOUST, v. N. [jouftcr, Fr.] to run in a tilt. JOY, S. [j'jye,Tr.gvjia,\u].'\ a delight of the mind arifing from a confideration of a prefent, or afTured approaching poffeffion of a future good j the mirth or noife which arifes from fiiccefs ; gladnefs ; pleafure. To JOY, V. N. to rejoice ; to be glad. Aftively, to congratulate; to affed with joy. " To joy the friend." Pnor. To enjoy. " J •'might have liv'd and joyed immortal blifs," Par. Loft. JOY'FUL,Adj.fullof joy or pleafure on the poffeflion, or certain expcOation of fomegood. JOY'FULLY, Adv. with gladnefs or plea- fure on account of poflefTion, or certain ex- pe(ftation of fome future good. IRE JOYTULNF>:S, S. the quality of receiv- ing or'fecling pleafure on the confKleration of fome prefent, pr certain expe.aatioji of fome future good. ■ jOY'LESS, Adj. • without joy ; deprived of pleafure ;■ fad. JOY'OUS. Adj. [joyeux,Yx.'\ glad ; gay ; merry ; deli;Thtcd. ■ ■ ] PS W ['CPI, S. by the Saxons called Glpif- nvick, from the river Gipen- called then fo, on account of its winding dream, but now the Orwell ; a very neat and well built town, and the capital of Suffulk, forming a kind of half nloon upon the bank of the nvcr to the 'W. . it is above a mile long from St. Mat- thew's to St. Helen's on the road, and above a'mile broad. It ftill carries gn a maritime •tradej. but this is not fo wjnflderable as for- merly-., Here are only twelve parilh churches infteail of fourteen (twenty-one) in its moft flourifhing (late, befides meeting-hnufes; and the tiumber of its ftiips is alfo diminiilied. No place in Great Britain is more commo- dicufly fiiuated for the Greenland filLery thaa Jpfwich, not oniy for chc.jpnefs of building, fitting out their 'vcfllls, ^c. but the fams wind that carries them from the mouth of the haven, is fair to the very feas of Greenland. It is governed by two bailiffs, and fends two members to parliament. Here is a fpacions m.arket - place, where, on Tuesdays and Thurfdays, every week, isfcldfmail meat : on Wednefday and Friday filh, and Saturday is for all forts of provifions, thefe being ve- ry plentiful and cheap, lis annual fairs are on May 4, for lean cattle and toys ; July 25, for fruit and toys; and September 25, for butter and cheefe. It is alfo an inexhauftible fbre-houfe for timber, great quantities of which, now their flMp-building trade has abated, are fcnt to the king's yard at Chat- ham. An excellent charity for the relief of poof clergymen's widows and orphans in Suf- folk, has been fet on foot in and about Ipf- wich, by voluntary fubfcription, which from 61. the firi{ year, namely from 170" to 1740, has amounted to 4416 1. befides gifts and le- gacies to the fum of 55J-). French refugees fettled in this place at firft, and a linen nia- nufa(flure was fet up in their fivour, but did not fucceed. It lies forty-eight miles from Bury, and (Ixty-eight from London. IRA'SCIBLE, Adj. [Fr. h-ajdblih, Lat.J eaflly provoked to anger j belonging to the paflion of anger. IRE, S. f Fr. iro, Lat.T hatrcfl aiifing from confideringa thing as capable of atkctin'^. 01- having af}e<fted us with any injury. " Re- " lentlefs in bis ?>«•." Dryd, IREFUL, Adj. angry; raging. I'REFULLY', Adv. in a manner which fhews great anger. I'RELAND, S. an iiland in the Atlantic ocean, between which and N^orth America there Are no intermediate ones, except the O 2 Azpres I R E Azores or wedcrn iflands ; and even thefe are' in a lower latitude. The UHts, Hairis, and J_cwi.-,, lie on the N. between it and Iceland, and it has the illand ot Great Britain on the E. and N. E. The natives and Scottilli high- landers call it Erin or leme ; Ptolemy gave it the name of Britannia Par-va, or Britannia Minor, which ancient Latin writers call Jer- tia, Juxierna, Ibmctimes Lis, &c. and thofe ot d. more modern date, Hiiemia ; the deri- vation of which by authors being virious, a detail of the different etymologies would be niore irkfome than fatista£tory from anything fhat yet appears. It lies between lat. 51 and ^6 deg. N. and between long, 5 and 10 deg. \V. It is about 259 miles in length, and 148 in breadth. It lies fifty-two miles from Ilolyhcdd in North Wales, and eighteen or twenty from Galloway, and but little more fiom theMuUof Kintyre in Argyiefhirc.both which are in Scotland. The principal rivers in Ireland are, the noble river of Shannon j the Liffy, called the Princefs of the Irifh ri- vers, as gracing the capital, though nothing near io confiderable as the Shannon j the Boync ; the Barrow, and Oufe, which join above the town of Rois ; the Slone ; and the principal river in Ulllct, on theN. of Ireland, is the Bane. In thiscoiintry are feveral loughs, or lakes, both fait and trelh ; the former of which arc properly inlets of the fea at the mouths of rivers. The principal of thefe areLough-Ern in UKkr, and Lough-neath in the fame province. The ancient lrilh,or thofe natives who have not yet been thoroughly ci- vilized, and called Reams, ars (hong and nimble, courteous to tlrangers, impatient ot aliufc or injury, implacable in enmity, and vehement in all affctlions. The language is ongin::lly Britilll, or at leaft a diale(ft of it j bur it has received fuch a tintfture by inter- mixture with foreigners, that only fome of the ori,i;inal words are remaining j the names ot nwuntains, illes, wdters, iSc. are (lilrl mofHy Britilh. Who were the belf inhabitants of Ireland, cannot i)e learned from records, or any other authentic evidence ; and therefore only traced from conje(fture. The mod gene- rally prevailing opinion is, that they derive from the Britons, or are at lealf of the fame eri''ina! (1 >c.-: with them, from the Spaniards or Cantdlirians. They received ChrilHanity very early, the gre^.tci^ part of the liland h.ving been converted by St. Patrick, by which he obtained the character of the Irifh apolUc. Nor was religion thi-ir only cha- racter i but their learning is alfo miicii cele- brated both by ancient and modern authors, who tcli u:, that the Saxons in particular very commonly fent over their children thi- ther tor a liberal education, fhe inhabitants are moltly now brought over to the cuftoms and falhions of the En^lifh, except in fome parts, where they live in the old Irilh way. It ii governed now by Great Brituiu, thekuig I R O of which fends thither an Englilh nob)*mar? of diftincllon as viceroy or deputy, who i& commonly called Lord Lieutenant, and is changed every three years. The king alfo ap- points the council of Ireland. This vicege- rent's power and Hate is very confiderable. The Lws and courts of juflice, (yc. in Ire- land arc much the fame as thofe in England. Their ads of parliament, in order to have the force of laws, mud be approved by the • king of Great Britain in his privy-council ^ ,_• and an a(ft of the Britifh parliament will alter or abrogate any law in Ireland. An appeal alfo lies from a fen fence in any of the Iriflj courts of law to thofe in Wcftminfler-hall, •• and to the houfe of peers in Great Britain.,' The members of the houfe of commons in Ireland Irold their feats during life, unlefs upon the demife of the king of Great Britain. A body of about 12,000 men are kept in pay on the Irilh eflablifhment, among which are few or none of th< natives. Thefe are ufually quartered in barracks, and not in the public inns, as is ufnJ ii^ Great Britain. The religion cftabllfhed by law is the fame with that of England, urfder archbiQiops and i>i(hops; and generally the clergy here arc better provided for than in England. The univerfity of Dublin is the only one in the kingdom, coiifi fling of one college, in which are about 600 fludents. So fertile is this ' country, that their beef and butter fupply France, Flanders, Spain, Portugal, and the Weft Indies ; tliough lately an a<ft of the Biitilh pxirliaraeat allows thefe two articles, with their live cattle, to be imported into Great Britain. The Irifh being prohibited from manufa(fVuring their wool, and export- ing their cloth, they run a good deal of the former to France and other countries, by which means thefe are enabled to underfcl us in foreign markets. I'RLS, S. [Lat.] the rainbow. In Philo- fophy, an appearance of light refembling the rainbow. In Botany, the flower-de-luce. In Anatomy, the circle round the pupil of the eyf, from whence it receives the appellation of black, blue, CS'c. according to the coiour. To IRK, V. A. [yek. 111. work] to give pain, or make weary, ufed only impetfonally, as, " It irks me." Shah. I'RKSOME, Adj. wearifome ; affe£ting with pain, cr trouble. I'RKSOMELY, Adv. hi fuch a manner as to pain, weary, or trouble. I'RON, S. [bai..rn, Brit, ifern, ira:. Sax. ;3)/.'f, ErC iern, Dan.] a well known metal ; though ligb.ter than all others, excepting tin, yet confiderahly the havdell j when pure, m illeable, but in a lefs degree than gold, lilver, lead, or copper. It is more capable of rutl than other metals, and requires the fhongeit fiie to melt it. Rlufl other metals arc brittle while they are hot ; hut this is the moil niallcable tlie nearer it approaches to- I R R to fufion. It is the only known fubflance attra<fted by the loadflone, is not only foluhle in the ftronger acids, hut even in common '. water, to which its fpecific gravity is as 7632 to TOGO. Iron is iifed fi^^uratively for any in- ftrument ortool madeof that metal. A chain- Ihackle, or manacle. " He was put in irjvs." I'RON, Adj. madeotiron ; refcmblingiron in colour. Figuratively, harlh; fevere j rigid. To I'RON, V. A. to fmooth «ith an iron ; to put on fhackles or irons. IRONICAL, Adj. [ironi^ue, Fr.] fpeak ing one thing and meaning another, by way of fncer or reproach. IRONICALLY, Adv. in an ironical or fnecring manner. I'RONMONGER.S.onewhodealsiniron. I'RONWOOD, S. a hard kind of wood, fo ponderous as to fink in water. I'RONY, Adj. made of iron ; partalting of iron. I'RONY, S. Uronk, Fr. ispsiyEia, Gr.] in Rhetoric, a figure wherein a perfon means one tiling and exprefTes another ; generally ufed as a fnecr, and in commending a perfon for qnalitics which 1^ has not. IRRA'DIANCE, or IRRA'DIAMCY, S. \^invi!'raiice, Fr. irrad'him^of irrad'io, Lat.] the emilTion of rays or light on any fubjeft ; a fparkling ; beams of glittering light emitted or reflecled. To IRRA'DIATE, V. k.[irraduttus, 'L2it. tti irr.adio^ Lat.] to brighten. To illumine, applied to riie mind. To animate with heat or rays ; to adorn with fomething (hiring. . IRRADIA'TION. S. the aft of emitting beams of light, or glittering ; the ftate of a thing made to glitter. Illumination, or know- ledge applied to the mind. IRRA'TIONAL, Adj. \hTatlonalh, Lat.] ▼Old of reafon or underllanding 5 void of the powers of reafon ; abftird,orcontrary to reafon. IRRATIONA'LITY, S. the quality of being void of reafon. IRRATIONALLY, Adv. in a manner inconfiftent with reafon ; abfurdly. IRRECLAI'M.'!lBLE, Adj. not to be al- tered by lnftiu(ftion, threats, or perfnafions. IRRECONCI'LEABLP:, Adj. [irreconcl- liable, Fr.] not tobeappeafed, or made to agree. IRRECONCI'LEABLY, Adv. in a man- ner not admiting a reconciliation. _ IRRECONCI'LED, Adj. not atoned orex- piated. " Many ;>/-f««fi/w^/e iniquities. "iV^ii/J. IRRECO'VERABLE,Adj.not to be regain- ed, reftored, or repaired ; not to be remedied. IRRECOVERABLY, Adv, in a manner beyond recovery, or paft all cure or remedy. IRRE'DUCIBLE.^Adj. not to be reduced IRREFRAGAEI'LITY, S. [from Irrefra- ga/'k] ftrengthof argument not to be refuted. IRREFRA'GABLE, [Fr.] not to he con- futed, applied to argument. IRR EFR A'GABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as not t9 be confuted. I R R IRREFU'TABLE, Adj. [Irrefutahilh, low Lat.] not to be cfverthrown, or confuted. IRREGU'LAR, Adj. [incguliiT, Ft. irrj;. gtilarh, Lat.j deviating from, or contrary to, any rule, llandard, cuftom, or nature ; im- methodical ; not confiflent with the rules of morality ; a foft word for I'itious. IRREGULA'RITY, S. [irregulantc, Fr.j the a€l of deviating from, or doing any thing contrary to, a rule; negleift of method or order ; an aftion done contrary to the rules of morality. IRRE'GULARLY, Adv. without obfer- Vation of rule, method, or duty. To IR'REGU'LATE, V. A. to make ir- regular ; to difturb the order of time. IRllE'LATIVE, Adj. having no reference or I elation to any thing J (ingle ; unconnt<fted. IRRELI'GION, S. [Fr.j contempt or want of religion. IRRELI'GIOUS, Adj. [;V;r%war, Fr.] contecnning j or havin-g 110 religion ; im- pious j contrary to -religion. IRRELI'GIOUSLY, Adv, in an impious manner. IRRE'MEABLE, Adj. f;V ;wM/-r/;i, Lat.J not to be repaded ; admitting no return. IRREME'DIABLE, Adj. [Fr.] admitting no cure or remedy. IRR EME'DI ABLY, Adv. in a manner admitting no cure or remedy. IRREMI'SSABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to be pardoned. IRREMT'SSABLENESS, S. the quality of admitting no pardon. IRR EMO'VABLE, or IRRAMO'VABLE, Adj. not to be moved, changed, or affefted. IRRE'PARABLE, Adj. [Fr. irrefarahills, Lat.] not be recovered 5 not to be reftored to its former (late. IRRE'PARABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as not to be recovered or reftored to its former Itate. IRREPLE'VIABLE, Adj. in Law, not to be redeemed. IRREPREHE'NSIBLE, Adj. [Fr.] oot to be blamed. IRREPREHE'NSIBLY, Adv. in a man- ner not to be blamed IRREPRO'ACHABLE, Adj. free from blame or reproach. IRR EPRO'ACH ABLY', Adv. in a man- ner not deferving blame or reproach. IRREPRO'VEABLE, Adj. not to be blamed or found fault with. IRRESIS rlBI'LlTY,S [fromirr'/M^^J the quality of being above all rellftance. IRRESI'STIBLE, Adj. [Fr.jfuperiorto all refirtance or oppofition. IRRESISTIBLY, Adv. in a manner not to be hindered from afFefting its defigB or end ; in a manner not be oppofed. IRR h 'SOLUBLE, Adj. not to be broken or didolved. IRRE'SOLUBLENESS, S. the quality Of O o 3 bavin IS having itsparR rfot'to be broken or difloilved IRKESO'LVEDLY, Adv. without' ^ly fettled, ftxed, or pofitive deteiminitian.of the will. ■ ■-'■ . .•■ • IRPvE'SOLUTE, Ad]. \ir>-£fc!u,Fr.] not confiant in purpofe ; not fixed: in bn-e deter- mination ; continually varying in one-'s choice. IR.RE'SOLUTELY, Adv. without firoi- nefs of mind or determination. ■' . '- • IRRESOLU'TtON, S. want rif fixed *nd fcitled determination of mind. IRRESFE'CTIVE, Adj. having no regard to perfons or circumfhinces. IRRESPE'CTIVELY, Adv. without re- fpeft to circum fiances. IRREi'RJE'VABLE, Adj. [prononnced irrttrcc' uik] not to be recovered or';cpairew IRRETRIEVABLY, Adv. iii a thanner not to be recovered or rep^aired. ' ■. • • IRRE'V■£RE^s^•v:E, S. [Pr.''f-r(rj£rcrttv, Lat.] vvant of veneration or refpecl i a lf4tc wrherein a perfon hasnot th..t refpcij-paid him which is due to his rank or dignit,y. .'" Tl\c rV- •' nr^Jivf-;, e and fco:n the judges were ih "Cl<2. IRRE'vERENT, Adj ! Fr.] not paying, cxprefiln^, or conceiving the homjge, vene- ration, or refpc-cH:, due to the characler or dignity of a peil -n. IRRE'V'RENTJ.Y, Adv. without due hom3j;e, rcfncift, or ventr-uic-n. IRREVE'RSIBLE, Adj. not to be reverf- ed, abrogated, or altered. IRRhVE'RSIBLY, Adv. in a manner not to be reverfed or changed. IRRK'VOCABLE, /-dj. [Fr. irrevocabUh., Lat.] not to be recoiled, brought back, or re- verfed. JRRE'VOCAB'.Y, Adv. without recovery or recal. To I'RRIGATE, V. A. {b-ng-in:s, from irr'ig-o, f.at.j to wft, moillen, or water. IRRIGA'TION, S. tr.e aft of watering, wetting, or moiilening. IRiU'GUOUS, Adj. [inkvus, Lat.] wa- tery or watered. *' Some in'tguous valley." Par.L'1. Dewy or moid. IRr'i'SION, S. t Fr. ?>;■ -c, Lat.] the aft of deriding, mocking, or laughing at another. To I'RRITATE, V. A. [i,;i:atu;, Lat. from irnto, Lat.] to provoke to anger ; to tc.ize. 1 o caufc an infiammifion, applied to wounds. To heighten any quality. " Air " irritiitifh cold." Lacon. IRRITA'TIOV, S. [Fr. mhatlo, Lat.] the aft of p-ovoking, exafperating, or Simulating. IP.RU'l'TlONjS.fFr. ;>;i<i/;o,Lat.]theaft of any thing forcing an entrance ; an inroad, or forcible entry of an enemy into any place. IS. the third perfon fingular of the pre- fenr t'.nfe indicative, from the verb ta Ic, bor- rowed frrm .-3, Goth, the fccond perfon fin- gular of the prefent tenfe indicative of luifar., Goth. Sometimes the ; is left out, and ex- profled bv an apoihopbe over its pl-ce, as, " 'iKere'j fome." &hak. I ST t ;. I.'^-H, from ^c/Sax.-a ternrMiigVipn^addcdti^ ' ;' words, expreftes diminution ol-le'nehidg the-'.. fi-nfe of the woid, if joinedto anadjeftive, ..3S . ; b!ii:Jh ": when added to a fubftantive,' it iipplie? ,"!* likeriefs, or partakinglhe qualifieS:of the fub-/ # fiantive to which it is added J iiS ficlijfx^juiolf- ijh : when added to the rame of a coun"t|;y,'.T . it rmplies fomething belongiag to. or' living . ': in it ; as Swt\iif.>, Lof.dtpip., Sax,; ' '. i'SIKGLASo, S. a tough, firm, and Ug^t fubflarice of a "hitifh colour, and_fooiev\hat •<• tranfpartnt, reprefcnting glue, bufin- fpm8'_ . dej;rec cleanlier. It is made from the int^f- , tines of a cartilugi.rous fifh, \Uiicliis afpeciej; . of Iturgeon, grows to eighteen or twenty feet '.■■ in length, ■ arid is freciuently found in the Danube,- &r. In r.Iedicinc, it is prefcribed in bioths and jellies as an agghitinant and ftrengtliener, and by wine coopers i^ is ufed ■■ in clearing wines. I'SINGLASS-STONE, S. a fo/Hl found' in broad malTes, compofcd of a multitude of extremely fine flakes or plates : the ancients m?de tl.eir windows of it infiead of giafs. I'SLAlvD, S. f pronounced Hand; ig, ox ' \nlav.d, eai'tidy Sax. of ea, w.-i!cr and land ; i:,j,.Ital. inji'lii, Lat.] a traft of land fur- rounded by water. rSLANDER,S. [pronounced HanderJ one v<ho inhabits an ifland. ISLK, S. [pronounced He; from ijje, Yr.'] an ifland or country funounded by water; a long «a!k in a church, corruptly from ai/e, of aik, Fr. a wing, it being oiiginally only a wing, or fide- walk. IS6'SCLf:S, S. [Lat. of aro: and y.iXn, Gr.] applied to a triangle which has two fides equal. VSSUE, S. I Fr.] the aft of pafling out} pafTage outwards ; an event, or the confc- quence of any aftion. In Surgery, a hole madein the flefti by incifion, for thedifchargc of humours. Ofispring ; the profits growing from an amercement; the point of matter depending on a fuit, wherein the parties join, and put the caufe to the trial of a jury. Kence tojcim ijjue. is to agree upon fomepar- ticjl.ir point, on which the decifion of a caufe (hall reft. 1 o I'SSUK, V. N. [from the nonn ; ifer, Fr. ufcire, Ital.] to come or pafs out at any place. To proceed, applied to offspring. To. be produced or gained, applied to funds or. trade. To run out in lines. To fend out by authority, or jiidicially, ufed with out: ihh fenfe is moft common. I'SSUELESS, Adj. without offspring or children. I'STHMUS, S. [Lat. from is-S^of, Gr.] a neck of land joining a peninfula to the con- tinent. IT, Pron. [hyt, or hit. Sax. neuter. "Hyt " is ofthjmc Hdgian Gojie, Jt is of the Holy " Ghoft." Matt. i. 20. from i/j, Goth.J t!ie neuter demonflrative, made ufe of in fpeaking of things. Sometimes it is ufed bfoivitclv I T A I T A .4-.«^6fli;teljfcirjhe ft?teof-a.-^erfon or pfEir. jcte/ciibfjAVith Italy, as beinjr contiguous t» •'• .''^•^ow'Jsfjfcf'.'.'.ii:^/^. ■Soitietinies elipticaily.rPieJmorit." Thfe ilguic of the triaiu land of 't.*for th&tlMn"gi*.roalt^r., orafiair; "/r'i comcto ■'y. *'•??■'»•" ■Si<r*,.:i^frc^'ne.utra! vetb^ itlsufed "vrither • liiJi'cro'ullypr'- 'ticj-. gtv^ an 'cmphitds. '. ^ ' 1'TA.L.Y, S. ^'panqf feHrdp(»anciebtfyV- • 'teamed, sjrtd i[\ll }uCxlya.ll0V!^d, ^bsthcrtioft celt-biaceJ m' thp vT'bjjd ; ■h&t- onIy"?Si|.K \i^. the ftat of the Roman empire/ wiiqjicc l»\v$ were'illiietl out over the "gre^tefi. part of ibt glo.bp for ihe goverment of thofc niighjy' .Wrtgdonis wliich it had brought under' its yoke, but as it was then, and is ftill, in fbms ineafiire one of the sanil Tcrtile and healthy foots on the farfjce of the earth : fo that it was emphatically (liied Ljppy by an- cient authors, where Ceres an J Bacchus ftrove Italy fefcmbles that of a boot 5 and from N. W.. ,to S.£, it is upwafds of 6co milc5 in '^"b!'<'vt>«t o'fvery un'equal breiid.th. In tlie N.parf-', .whir);, .may be confidered as the tog.of ihebooft, its ioq miles broad from ■K; td yY._4n. the middle part or calf of the ■j'^Si;'?-aii«".t jf^o ; and towards the S. that >, iiheulf-.the inftep, go. The divifion of Jta/y,_^in..xli;e, rerga of Auguftus, was into Cifaiplse "G^ut, jtalia Propria, and Gracia •Manr}a_, -.yhich continued, fome finall altera- tions..excepted, during all the time of the Ro~ m;:n 'emperors, till the reign of Honoiiu.s, when, fhc 'eiT)nire becoming extremely weak, the Buijs, .Goths, Vandals, Herii'li, feV. pafjcd^he'AIps, parcelled the greatefl pirtof which fliould moft blefs its favourite inliabi- 1 the country into little kingdoms and Hates, tants ; the former with the greatcll plenty and variety of grain and fruit, and the latter ^vith the moH: exquihte wines. Rut if we ex- tend our view.= further, w'hat harveft doth thi.s country yield, of themoft valiant and ex- perienced generals of antiquity, the nobleft oratr.rs, the finefl poets, and the mod famous ii-'itorlans ; and of an infinite number of other eminent ptrJ":>nages, both in early and more modern d lys ; all which it would be too te- oious to enumerate particularly. And if to th:5 vve take in the ftupcndous monuments of their power, as their flateiy temples, aque- du£fs, caufeways, highways, public baths, amphitheatres, Cii'c. we fhail cafily allow, that hardly cverany country could boafl of greater advantages. However, if the raartial art has been lately lefs cultivated, the more iot\ ones of architecture, fcnipture, painting, mulic, ■&'c. have been carried here to a very great "lieight; and yet the more noble fciences have not been neglected for the fake of thcfe. And .if it hath not produced fuch boldphilofophers as Defcartes, or fuch eminent ones as Sir IfaacNewton, the fate of a Galileo may have intimidated them from venturing too far in <hat kind of dangerous learning. Italy was anciently governed by a great number of petty kings, vvhofe power degenerating into ty- ranny, obliged their fubjedts to form thcm- felves into commonalties of various denomi- nations. The greatefl part of the country •was known by th£ names of liefperia, Sa- turnia, Aufonia, Oenotria, Canicula, La- 'tium, and laftly Italy, Italy lies between lat. 38 deg. but including Sicily, between 36 and 46 deg. of N. latitude, and between long. 7. and 19 deg. E, Ii is bounded on the N. by Switzerland and the Alps, which fs- parate it from Germany ; on the E. by the iAdriatlc, on the S. by the Mediterranean, and to the W. by that and the Alps, which divide it from France : and if S.ivoy be in- cluded, which lies on the \V. fide of the Alps, between Italy and France, it extends a fkgiee farther W, which however is ufually and held it iri/ubjed?ion till the reign of Juf- tinian. . ..'f his . prince having cleared the country of thofe barbarians, ereded the ex- archate of Jlavenna, and made that city the capital. :i iiis new government having lafled 183 years, under feventeen esarches, who maintained the power of the emperors of the e.ifl:, was fupceeded by that of the Longo- bardi, or Lornbard.?, v.ho having taking Ra- venna from Eutychius the laft exarch, eretl- ed a kingdom in,G;Jlia Togata, under A- Cculphus. 'Tis to thefe we owe that excel- lent body of Jaws, ftill famed under the name of Longobardian, and compiled by their king Rotharus. At length the empe- rors of the eaft having quite loff their power in Italy, pope Leo HI. wlio had been highly obliged to the Fren<n for protefting the holy lee againfi the Lombards, invited 'king Pe- pin into Italy, and foon afterhisfon Charle- magne, who was crowned king of the Franks ; and on Chtifimas-day Sol, was crow ned emperor by that PontiiT, in St. P-e- ter's church at Rome. From this time, new kingdoms, dukedoms, and Itates were ereded in Italy ; the pone having had feveral confi- derable territories bellowed on him by the emperor. The loil of Italy is generally very good and fertile. The low lands afFbrd great qu.antity of good paflmage for vaft numbers of cattle; and the climate, excepting fome few places in the ecdefiaflical ifate, moftly efleemed teinperate and healthy. The mo- dern Italians are generally very polite and af- fable, ingenious, and ready-witted ; and of great applications both in (lady and bufineis. Tht-y coinmocly bear a great afTeiftion to- wards ll;cir ■ivindred and alliance ; ,ind they are very ambitious of honour and prefer- ment ; highly valuing thcmfelves a.s the o/T- fpring and fuccclibrs of the ancient Romans- The nobility and gentry chufe to live moflly in towns, and to lay out thtir money rather in fine houfcs, coflly furniture, flatuc?, painting?, and Ifatcly architecfure, beautiful gardens, &c. than in keeping up rich ta- O ^ bles, J U B liles, or luxurious eating and drinking. No nation, except the Spanilli, is more fcrupu- loiifly nice in all the pundtilios of civility than the Italians, nor more protiife of ftrain- ed compUments, pompous titles, (^c. Italy abouiidj every where with hofpitals for the fick, Lime, lunacies, and foundlings ; but JUG Lat. a mufical inrt^rumen-t, fo called frani Jubal the inventor] a public fcftivity ; a time of rejoicing ; a grand church feftival celtl)ratcd at Rome, originally once every iiundied years, wherein the pope grants ple- nary indulgence to all fmners, efpeeially futh as vifit the churches of St. Peter and Piuil at fpeciilly for the entertainment of pilgritfts Rome. It was firft eflablilhed by Boniface and travellers going to and from Rome, Lo rctto, (sfc. They reckon the day from fun- fct to fuii-fet, and make their clocks (hike the twenty-tour hours round, inftead of di- viding tlie day into two paits. I'lic Italian language is a kind of corruption of the an- cient Roman, which latter was in its highcfl perfection in the reign of the evnpcror Au guftus ; but it foon after fell into decay, till by the inundations of the Gnths and Van- dals, it became fa barbarous, that it fcarcely retained any traces of its origin : but from the b.ight of barbarifm it has now dwind led. a foft and melodious language, efpe-j daily fit for mufic. Tufcany is the country where the belt Italian is fpoken. But in Naple.'i, Venice, 1-iedmont, and other parts, it is more Iiarfh, and blended with the old Goti'ck, Lombardic, and Etrufcan tongues. ITCiT S. {gic/ja. Sax.] in Medicine, a «!ifeafc wt/f f^ overfpreads the body with pn- Ihiles, attenue.' with an irritating fenfaiion, and communicated by conta<ft ; the (enfation of uneafinefs caufei by the itch, or ap'^eafcd by rubbing. Figuratively, a conliant tcaling delire. To ITCH, V. N. to feel an une^finef-, in the fkin, which is removed by rubbing; to have a long and continual delne and prcpen- lity. I'TCHY, .'dj. affefted with the itch Vlll. in i^co, Clement VI. reduced it to 50 years ; Urban VI to every 23th ; andSixtus iV. to every z^d year. JUCU'NDITY, S. [Jucundhas, Lat.] plea- fantnefs j agreeablenefs. " Uncxpefted ju' " cunditii'i'' Bn.ivrt. Not in ufe. To lUDA'lZE, V. N, [juJaifer, Fr.] to conform to the manner or culloms of the Jews. JUDGE, S. [jug^, Fr. judex, Lat.] one who is empowered or authorized to hear and dcter.mine any caufe or quelHon, real, or per- C^-nal, and prefides in a cout of judicature. Figuratively, one who has fkill iufficient to difcover and pronounce upon the merit of any thing. To JUDGE. V. N. [juger, Fr.] to decide or determine a queftion ; to pafs fentcnce ; to difcn or dilHnguilli. Ji_'DciER, S. one who forms an opinion, or palFcs fentencc. JUM^GMEHT, S. that power of the mind whereby wejc.inide£S tegether, by affirming or denying any thing concerning them ; the quality or power of difcerning the propriety or impropriety of things ; the right, power^ cr aift of pafling fentence ; decifion ; opinion; fen te 11 cc palled again!! a criminal ; condem- nation, or puniniment infii£>ed by Providence for any particular crime ; the diftribution of juftice ; the fentence palled on our actions on I'TEM, S, ' i-at.] a newarticle ; ahint or the lafl day ; the laft doom inuendo. Ufcd in 'vills, in its original I'enfe, for alj'o. "■ Item, I give and bequeath." I To I'TER.^TE, V. A. {heyatus, Lat. of ;7cvo] to repeat the fame thing ; to inculcate by frequent mention or repetition ; to do a fceond time. ITE'RANT, Part, {itcram, Lat.] repeat- ing. ITERA'TION, S. fFr. iteniuo, Lat] the T^Oi of doing the fame thing more than oncej repetition, or rccit.d. ITINERANT, Adj. [Fr.] wandering ; not fettled ; travelling. • ITI'NERARY, S. \\tmevcire, Fr. \t\neya- rv.im, lat.] a book of travels. ITSE'LF, Prcn. [of hyt. Sax. and Jylf, Sax, ivomftlha, Goth.] the neutral recipro- cal pronoun, applied to things. ■ JU'P>ILANr, Part, [juhilans, Lat.] ut- tering fongs of triumph. JUBILrVTlON, S. [Fr. )t>hiytic, Lat.] the act of uttering fongs of tiiuuiph, or of declaring triumph. JU'BILEE, S. [jubUi\ Fr. from jubUf, JU'DICATORY, S. diihibution of juftice; a court of juftice. JU'DICATURE,S.[Fr.]thepowcr or pro- vince of difpenfing jullice, or hearing caufes, and palling fentence. JL'DI'CIAL, Adj. [judh-ialis, Lat.] prac- (ifcd in the difiribuaon of juftice, or in a court of jullice; inflicfledasa penalty; be- longing to ajudge or court of juftice. JL Dl'CIALLY, Adv. in the forms of le- gal jullice ; in a court of jullice; before a judge. JUDICIARY, Adj. \judUaire,Yr judl- ciarius, Lat.] palling judgement upon any thing. JUDI'CIOUS, Adj. [;Wi,-;c«.r, Fr.] pru- dent ; wife ; /kilful in any affairs. JUDI'CIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner which fpeaks an extenfive judgement or underftand- ing; juftly or wifely. JUG, S. [jugge, Dan.] a large drinking veflel, with a long neck, fwdling out to- wards the bottom. To JUGGLE, S. [j<^»g!<^''ijo>'gler, Fr.kaa- J U N JUS Jau, Sclav, kaykhivati. Boh. kugloioac, Pol.] I line or part in which two things are joined to play tricks by flight of liand ; to praftife or ijnpofe on by artifice or impofturc. JUGGLE, S. a trick performed by flight of hand ; an impofture, fraud, or deception. JU'GGLER, S. [from juggle] one who praftii'es flight of hand, or performs tricks by nimble conveyance ; a cheat or impofture. JU'GGLING, [kugloivany^ Pol. gagul, gogltil, Perf.j the practice of legerdemain or flight of hand ; unfair dealing, deceat, or im- polture. JU'CGLINGLY, Adv. in an unfair or deceitful manner. JU'GULAR, Adj. [jugulum, Lat. the throat] fituatedin, or belonging to the throat. JUICE, S. [pronounced j«;a', both in this word and its derivatives ; jus, Fr. and Lat. juys, Bclg.] the liquor, fap, or water of a plant : the fluid or moillure in animal bodies. JU'ICELESS, Adj. dry ; without moifture or juice. JUl'CINESS, S. plenty of juice, or moif- ture, applied both to plants and animals. JU'ICY, Adj. moill j full of moifturc or juice. JU'LAP, S. [julap, Fr.] in Pharmacy, an agreeable potion ufually made of fimple and compounded waters fweftened, and ufed fometimes as a vehicle to fuch medicines as cannot be taken alone. JU'LUS, S. [Lat.] in Botany, the J«/y jloiver. JU'LY, S. [Julius, Lat. JuUkt, Fr,] the name affixed to the fcventh month of the year, from January, by the Romans, in ho nour of Julius Csefiir, which before his time civil or common. together j a joint, joining, or articulation ; union. '' JunBure of hearts." K. Charles. A critical point or period of time. JUNE, S. [Jinn, Fr. Junius, Lat. be- caufe this month was dedicated to Juno, or becaufe it was appropriated to young people (junicribus) as May was to old ones] the fixth month of the year from January. JU'NIOR, S. [Lat.] a perfon younger than another. JU'NIPER, S, [jumperus, Lat.] a plant, which produces the berries of which gin is made. JUNK, S, [junco. Span, giunco, Ital.] a fmall fliip ufed in china ; pieces of old cable. JU'NKET, S. See jfuncate. JU'NTO, S. fltal.] a company of men combined in any fecret defign ; a cabal. r VORY, S [ix'oir£,Fr. a-vorio, Ital. Ja hard, folid, firm uibilance, of a fine white colour, capable of a good polilh, and is the tuflcs of the elephant. Adjedively, it lignifies any thing made of ivory; as, "an i-vorv ball." JU'RAT, S. [juratus, Lat.] a magiftratc of the nature of an alderman. JU'RATORY, Adj. [juratatre, Fr.] by means of, or by giving aa oa'h. JURI'DICAL, Adj. [juridicus, Lat. juri- dique, Fr.j afting in the diftribution of juf- tice ; ufed in the courts of jultice. JU'RISDICTION, S. [Fr.>/-//i.'/;'7/o,Lat.] legal authority; extent of power; a diftrift to which any authority belongs. JURISPRU'DENCE, S. [Fr. juris pm- dentia, Lat. J the fcience of the law, either was named Quintiilis, or the fifth, j. e. from March . JU'MART, S. [Fr.] a beaft got from a mixture of a bull and a marc. To JUMBLE, V. A. to mix in a con- fufed and violent manner together. Neuterly, to be agitated or fhaken together, JUMBLE, S. a confufed mixture J a vio- lent and confufed Ihaking. To JUMP, V. N. [gumpen, Belg xo^ttoc, Gr.] to move forward by raifisg one's felf from the ground into the air ; to leap; to jolt. *' The. juviping chariots." Nah, iii. 2. JUMP, S. the aift of fpringmg or raifing one's fec-t from the ground in the air ; a leap, or (kip. Figuratively, a lucky chance. "Our " fortune lies upon X.h'isjump.'''' Shak. A kind of loofe or limber ftays, with a moveable fto- macher, ufually laced or tied before. JU'NCATE, S. [juncade, Fr. gkncala, Ital.j a cheefecake; any kind of delicacy ; a private or clapdeftine entertainment ; now written junket. JU'NCOUS, Adj. [juncus, Lat.] full of bulrulhes. JU'NCTION, S. [jonaion, Fr.] union; coalition. ' JU'NCTURE, S. [junaura, Lat ] the JU'RIS r, S. [jurijle, Fr.] one who pro- fefTes the fcience of the law ; a civilian. JU'ROR, S. [jura, Lat. J one who ferves on a jury. JU'RY, S. [jur/, Fr. jurafa, Lat.] a com- pany of men, confifting of twelve or twenty- four, and fworn to deliver a truth upon fuch evidence as fliall be laid before them touch- ing the caufe they are to decide. The grand jury confifts ordinarily of twenty-four grave and fubftantial gentlemen, or fome of them yeomen, chofen out of the whole (hire by the ftieriff", to confider of all bills of indidl- ment preferred to the court, which they ap- prove by writing billa -vera, or difallow, by writing ignoramus on them. JU'RYMAN, S. one who is impanncllei on a jury. JU'RY-MAST, S. fomething fet up in the room of a malt loft in a fight or ftorm. JU.ST, Adj. [ju/ie, Fr. ju/lus, Lat.] un- biaftid in diftribution of jultice ; honeft in dealing with others; exacft, proper, accurate, or agreeable to the ftandard of juftice ; vir- tuous, or living conformable to the laws of morality ; true ; well grounded j proportion- ate ; regular. JUST, Adv. cxartlvj merely, or barely. free frqm -the guift atnj'ipiipi'nim^^J of gJd (in J^y iin'putcy"^^h't-eduftic'f/<iAd-parJbn'!r' .'. iFr'.l tp.enteiihkr^^chtli/. (vi^ifti a^nlft each^. '2^'b l-NESS,'''^/t>ie- "ekatt corihhrDiry of . rjiiiigs and aclioijs-to au-y.fa\v, niils, Or-Yfand- •a>il-jjiiliice,'"p<3-(5^v;iety.or.'£Sa"(3aolV.';i' r .; " " ■ To jUl-'-, y..A; to puTiT or J^opfSjtb pror' miaences ; to. thnd eut , beybnd ..ths. otfier.. pares of' thafurfacp. ,•*'..■■•-.. * JUT'TY,- S:*apjr.t;'cif-a' bpildirig wh'icK, *'* Juji enovs^h." pryd. ^Je^rly or notf^i; from. " ^r.^ at the point pf dcaih.;'-7**/7r. JU'STICE, S:{F V ju/rtla, Lut.-.l 'th^vu-; tiie whereby we give ev^ry ahe'their-duej-in- fiift puniromeut on fhofe tiTat'dEierve ic,-a/if3, acquit the innocent afferg fair trial." Figura- tively, punillimeijit'-TiuhtjOr.the aft .where-, ,t:}L3> I'LY^.-Adfr/ in'.a qi^iiner.fconJiik'ni"^ by a perion allerts Ms tight. In.Lavv' p^eo-' _wrth vi^tiJ-.jtiilice aiii.li^neRys-'- "Ftg^fi'tivtly;' liarly applied to aju^ft^'ot'vthe peace, ^ Iic?-(i\pfct>peny ; eiiac'd'y*^ ii''iJiu;':fr6pov{1o^i Chief J ujiki of t%\ ih^r hitch, isatlofd.ll.y "' >--!■.. his office. and:thiet of the 'lell; he dett-jr- mines all fuch pleas isoonctfn^olTtncas, coca^- mitted againft tha Ci^ownj^xn^^^V' *^^ V^^i" of the king ; Lord'Cl^^ffji-jtm-of thc-cimmri pica, is a lord -IVy his 'office^ and formerly did. hear anddettrmiof^ir.caVilesincommchlSw, ^ _ ,<..-• from whence aro/e' Ws title. 'y/i/J/VEeJfV/in: '(lands out fardier^han tijCTefb. fcreti, is a lord by ' his-office, atid a-i'rh' ^h\s affilbnts determines"^ all olTsncfS wichin^.the king's foreft, committed agiinft'vcnifon-am}-' vert. Jtiflkei of 'ajjiz.(, art fuch as ■liy/pc-lybuthfulnels. ' , ; cial commifljon aie-ieuf into the country^ |. J'JX TAPOSI'-' take affizes jurticcSj are and were formerly fer^t*hy commifllon into different countries to try' fuch caufcs, particu^ larly, as were terineS picas of the crowij. Jufkes of^aolddh'i'.y, aic fuch as are cotK- miffioncd to hear anddcrtermineallcaufesfoi' •which perfons are caff Into ,c;aol. Juftices cf v'lfiprv.s, are the fimeas juliicesof the affize, and receive their name from the common 'ad- journment of a caufe in the common pleas, " Nisi Vt<.\vsjujlkiaru-veneiintadcaipiirtei,^\ i. e. Uiilefs the juftices that come to thofe parts l)cfore. JUSTICESHIP, S, [fiomjV^ff^ and /?•//) ; offcyp. Six.] the office, ran.k, or dignity of a juflice. Ufcd generally in a luiicr^'us fenfe. JUSTIFI'ABLE, Adj. [from ^/ji/j; J to fee defended by law or reafon j conformable to law or juilice. JUSTIFI'ABLENESS, S. the quality of being cleared from any acrufation j the qua- lity of being defenfible by l:iw or reafon. JUSTIFI'AELY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be reconciled to law, reafon, or juftice, JUSTIFICATION, .S. [Fr.j a defence, vindicat'on, or the zf\ of clearing from an acrufation of guilt ; abfoKition from guilt i deliverance or acquittal by p-^rdon from fins part. In Scripture, a judicial aft of God, by which the rightcoufnefs of Chrill is imputed to the faithtol, and fins are forgiven on ac- count of his obedience, merits, and facri.'ice, JUSTIFICA'TOR, S, one who defends, vindicates, or cleares from any charge of guilt. JUSTIFI'ER, S. one who cleares both from the charge and punifhment of fin by arguments, by imputation of merits, and by pardon. To JU'STIFY, V. A. [jujiifier, Fr.] to clear from ariy charge of guilt ; to abfolve or acquit from any accufation ; to vindicate ; to JU'VEJ-JILE, A'dj;.'-[^ivpifii) l>at.»] young^- or .y«5[Uhful. ■"*:■• *• .... • . jUVENrLpTY; S; i;he-!ft«te;of yo\|fl)}, ri0^r..'6;.'[Fr.,£:/;fi'a and"' Juti'icei 'ii! eyre, or itinerant pcjuii, Lut.] the l^atc oi.h&la^ fUcci clofe focallcd'fniiV)^''''^. Ff- 2 ioi"'^6y, CO each other- .•;■.'.. ^■'■*- "•■..• !.*• eloi:ii,Ru(l.j m Botany^ ^j'e^fr^. Jts-flowSrs ; %redifpofed irtthc foritt.of .ari uijibelj-'.with-a ; fmali involiiciucu indented 'rnfevcrklparts. ' The empalemtut.is Gfir':into" t;'pSrtSj and Iits .upon the geiincri.-.YIh'eilouxr has. 5 'oblong ' petals fprejd opAi-witli ijiciirvcd points ; anti"' 5 awl-lliaped (tajnvna, .ciit into ' two at thejr. .. bafe. Lioiisus pierces "it "id thd fth clafs of '" his firft fecftion, ■ jrhefp^cies are twoi '. :K T ■■ r,K. IS a double, confouant, and the tenth letter of tlie alphabet ; bor- roaed from the Greek *i2/!/a, and is of thefaTiie form with that in the Gothic and Saxon a!pha!)ets, from whenceours is derived. It has one invariable hard found, like that of c before a \ is, generally ukd between a vowel and an e fiknt, as in rf;^i5^ ; is filent in our pre- fcnt pronunciation before n as in kna-ve, and though ufcd after c at the end of words of one fyllable, yet in thofe of more than one fyl- lable, is unnecefiary, and judicioufly omitted by fome moderns. It is ufed as a numeral letter for 250 J and with a dalh over it, thus, K for 25,000. KA'LFNDAR, S. See Calend, or Calendar. K.VLI, S, [Arab.] a plant growing on the fea coaffs, whofe aQies are of great ufe in making glafs or foap. KAM, Adj. [kam, Erfe.] crooked ; not to the purpofe, " This clean kam." Shak. To KAW, V. A. to make a noifc like a raven, crow, or rook. KAW, S, the cry of a raven, crow or rock. To KECK, V, N. [kdcketr, Belg.] to heave 9 the ^ ^^'..• K E;E .""iJie.'Romacii'j tp reach at fpijlJJthinigTfiaiifcoH^' • ."or ftjiiedmifti-. .. - . '. -•'.."' *. ' . -To KJU^GE, X- A- T*^i*^'. Belg.} iii'Nav ',. vigat1on,';t6 kring a fliip' up ;or down -a n^ir- fojir'river by the vvinj^.tjiougb' the tiiie 'be '. conti'ary, •by means. of tl^eXedge ancho!'. ;'■ KK/DGLR, or EEQuEi Aiichor, S. a •V /malt anchor ulVd in ;iTircr, . * . KE'DLXCK, S- a weed that grows among .• corn, . (^ifed likewif^ f^/3!a?<f«t; ' •. 'l)ottaiti. <|f a,ftirp.''V ". '»''"■' ~ •; . '.,. .■To keel) Y, A., [c'celati,' SaL] toicrool. ;, or pV'^^'Sn'^ frdrri. boiling t|Ver. " Wliile ••■•^ "greafy Joan ■<i6t1\ i^ff/.tiiepot. " ShaL This :s ■ .r . . • . ■■ ..'•*?';• • tly'tig fortune iife' of anorherrone who ftas .tlje care of parks, pr the lu'periiucndance of ■Bnoi.hcr. Ktyper dfthegre^it'^al, is a lord by his office, called Lord'.AeepeKy-ajid is of the king's privy c^juncil^ ■ •.'■"'■ , K E':t:i'EKSH IP,- S-; 'the office of a keeper. KEG, S. [e'.z^K!:; KK]. a 'i,n)aU barrel. KELL, S.. ileeCW. •' • ' • ■ KEIiP, S. a fatt. prpduetd from calcined ■fca ivced." ' •"• •• ■• - .■ •. •" K-E'LSON, S.- See Ke^/fcn. ■' ■'-■.To KEN, v. A. ff^'yj^s. Sax.] to difcry br.fee at a ditiance ^ to khovv. KEN,' S. view jVpf'-fbe diftaiice within wbicha perfon caij /ee itn objed. " Saw ■ plirat,.ihough nowobfokte in London, may '."within kei.^' Milt:'-' '- '-. •• t)e"'ft(iiJnef'With in Jnoft provinces. ,V KE'NNEL, S. t''^tw/,'Fr.], a cot or place Vvbei-cjn dogs are kept j a pack of hounds; the hole of a fox or other' bead: j the fmail caviry lor hollow-in. which water runs througli A.ltreet. .-.■•.'. -To KE'NNEL, V,'N/-to lie or live, ap- plied properly to dogs or foxcSj and contemp- t.uoully uied of men. ' r ■'.' ; KENT, by the)R6mans called Catitivi.^, oat of the counties of Engbnd, Jt is bound- ed on the S. W. by,/SlJl^,x,, on the "W. by Suriy, and on ilie S.. by th^t Englilh channel, on the S. E. by Dover llTeights, and on the E. by the Downs. It v. uivided from Ellex (indMiiidlefexon the N. by iheriver Thames. Ihi's courity lies in the diocefes of Canter- bury and Rocheller, is hfty-lix miles long f__-.^ ' ' ro W. and thirty broad from S. tr, KE'£I^FAT,-^...t «?/<!,// vSax. znifat^ of <:-i;,"Belg-.] 'a. cooler^ or Veflcl in which wort '• or other liquor is^t-to, coo!. . '. •- KE'ELSO.'fl,. S. .ilia.t pie'ce of timber in a -'. ftip, which is'.nexr her. ket'l, and lies right. ■ o/'.er it iicxt .a^o\^aha fioor timber. '•■KEEN, A&]. [«y(»,.'SaxJ (tiarp. or cut- ting eafily,' applieLJ". to the-edge of an inftni- rusjit, and 'oppbfcd X(\^blurit.. Severe, piercing, ^^or exctfI}V'eiycqKT,ji^pj:Hied' to winds or wea-. v" tljei- J. eager,_.vehp_iVjetit, Of great fiibtilty, applied to-thejUrtdeiiftsnihng; . . Acrimonious, VY af)eftiiig:'vvith' Uneab'rieis-;. applied to wit. KE'ENJLY, Adv.'.lhty-ply, 'cir cutting eaii- •■•vly ; Vehenjei^tly op.ea'gerly'j tiitterly or acri- '■ -inonioiifiy'. ■ .;. .. ., .. KE'ENNESS,S: tfieijua^ity of being flwrp or cutting eafily, rigourof weatherorpicrcing cold; acrimony; bitternefs of'mind ; eager- nefs or vehemence.-' ■ ••• • To KEEP, V. A. [pmer and part, paff hpt -y cejj/. an, S.3iK.] to retain ; to preferve ; to have in cuflody, or in one's pofTelTion ; to pradife or accullom one's felf to. " / keep *' bad hours." Pope. To celebrate, applied to feftivals. To obferve, without violation, applied to promifes, contra(f^s, or laws. To maintain at one's own expence ; to have in the houfs. " Keep lodgers." ."^/^ak. To re- main in any (late. " To keep his bed." Shak. Ufed with /.aek, to reftrain from doing an adlon. " Keep hack thy fervant from pre- " fiimptuous (in." PjaL xix. To referve. Joined to luithy to be often with a perfon as a lover or fuitor, •' Keeping company luhh f' men." Broome. To keep in, to conce:d ; to forbear telling, applied to fecrets. To de- fend from. •' Keep out the weather." Prior. " Keeps out hunger." Dryd. Ufed with pace, t-o walk as faft as another. " Kept pace with " him." To keep under, to fuppreis j to fiib- due : tyrannize over, or hold in a (late of bafe fubjeiflion. KEEP, S. cuflody, or charge, " 'Within *' \v\\okkecp the captive knights were laid." Dryd. Not in ufe. KE'EPER, S. one who has prifoners com- piitttd to his cullody ; one who holds any froih N. thii ty-lixfrom Ryein Suilex to themourh of the T hames, containing in all 1,248,000 acres. In it are two cities, Canterbury and Rochefter ; 163 vicarages, 40S pari.lies, 30 conliderable towns, 11 So villages, and about 220, oco inhabitants. This county is com- monly divided into three parts, which have different qualities both of air and foil ; the upper or t. part, towards the Downs and the i hames, where is proverbially faid to be health without wealth ; the middle parts, and tho.fe near London, are both healtiiy and wealthy; and the lower parrs, as about Romney-mar(h, called the Weald of Kent, where is wealth without healtji, on account of the wet foil, though very fruitful in grafs. As the county lies much upon the fea, the air, though generally thick and fogg}', is pretty warm, and often fanned and purified by S. and S W. winds. The marfhy tra(fts, though fubjed to agues, are more healthy than thehundrcdsof EHex, and the beach is not io oozy as it is in that county. The country in general abound; with planta- tions of hops (thefe efpccially in the neigh- bourhood of Canterbury) corn-fields, palture grounds, woods of oak, beech, and chefnut ; with large orchards of fine cherries (by way of didindtion and eminence caikii Ktntifli) alfo pippins : and about Boxley, Foots-cray, North-cray, &c. are fcveral woods of birch, from KEY from wliich thebroom-makeisin Kent-ftreet, Soiiihwarlc, are commonly fupplied. The cafie here of all forts are reckoned larger than they are in the adjacent counties ; and the Weald of Kent is noted for its large bul- locks, as well as large timber for fhip-bui!d- ing. Here are federal parks of fallow deer, and warrens of greyifh rabbits; alfo mines of iron, pits of marie and chalk, with woad and madder for dying, lik<?\vife wool, flax, faint-foyn ; and on the cliffs between Falk- ftone and Dover is plenty of famphire. KtiPT, preter and part. pafT. of kee[^. KERF, S. [kecrfan, Sax j the flit fawn away Ixrtween two pieces of ftiiff. Ki'JRiN'EL, S. [cyrnd, Sax. cerneau, Fr.] that part of a nut which is contained in the fhell ; any thing iwcluded in a hufk or fkin. " \hc kernel oi a grape." Den. 'The feeds in pulpy fruit ; the central part of any thing which is covered with a crult, hard fu!)(tuncc, or v.ith a concretion. " i he/JdJv.-f/ of a done." u4yiutb. Hard knobs formed in the flefli ; the glands of the throat. Id KE'RNEL,- V. N. to ripen or grow to kernels. KE'RNELLY, Adj. full of kernels ; re- iemhling kernels. KER'NELWORTH, S. an herb. KE'RSEY, S. [kerjaye, Belg. carijee, Fr.] a coarfe wollen manufafture between a ftufl" and a cloth. KE'STREL, S. [^qverc.lUi or cerceau, Fr.] a little kind of ballard hawk. KtTCH, S. [caifje, Ft. cakhh, Ital] a fmall vtllel iifed to bring fidi to market, or as a tender to larger fhips. It has two marts, its main fail and top-fail ftanding fqujte as Ihips do, and its fore-fail and jib like thofe of hoys. KETTLE, S. [eete, SaK. hettel, Belg.] a vefiel in which litjuor and meat is boiled. The name of a po: is given to the boiler that bel- lies out in the middle, and ^rows narrow to- wards the top, but that of ken/-:, to the velTel whofe fides are ilrait from the bottom, or grow wider towards the top : authors how- ever, ufe thefe words proraifcuoufly. A tea- ketrk, is a veilcl in which water is boiled for making tea. KE'TTLEDRUM, S. [ofien.'e and Jnm]. a drum, whofe body is brafs, and refcmbles the (hape of a kettle. KEY, S. [cifg. Sax.] a little iron inftru- mcnt formed with holes anfwering to the wards of a leek, by which the belt is pulhed forward or backward; an inllrument by which any thing is fcrewed, turned, finit, or opened. " The icy of tjic jack. ' Hivlft. Figuratively, an explanation of any thing ob- fcvirc, myfterious, or diiTicult. T he parts of a mufical inflrument, p.nrticulaily of a fpinet, which are ftruck by tlie fingers. In Mulic, a cc!t.^in fundamental note ort'-ne, to which tl.c v.l.ulc piece is accommodatedj wich which K I L it ufually begins and muft always end. In Architecflure, the laft rtone placed at the top of an arch. In Commerce, a bank raifed perpendicular from the \vater, or a wharf made ufe of for (hipping and unloading goods; from kaye, Belg. quai, Fr. See S^uui. KE'YAGE, S money raid fi iyng, or loading and unloading j^. -ods at a key. KE'fSTONE, the middle or upper llone of an aich. See Key. • .• . KTBE, S. \kihive, Brit, kii-b. TetU.-] a chilblain, or chap in the heels, caufe'd by cold.- KI'BED, Adj. troubled with kibes, or chilblains lo KICK, V. A. [kauchen, Belg.] to (Irike with the foot. KICK, S a blow given wih the foot. KI'CKER, S. one who flrikes with the foot. KI'CKSHAW, S. [fuppofed to be corrupt- ed from qiiclque chofe. Fr ] fomething con- temptuous, fiiitafHcal, or ridiculous ; a dilh fo changed by cookery that it can fcarcely be known. The latt fenfe is that which is now in ufe. KI'CKSEY-WICKSEY, S. a cant ormadi word, applied m ridicule and contempt to a wife. " Hugs his i/V/yfy-'K.'/fijV)'." Sbak. KID, S. [W, Dan. J tlie young of a goat. Figuratively, applied to a yomig child. f o KIO, V. A. to brbg forth kids, ap- plied to a fhe-goat. KI'DDER, S. aningrofler of corn. To KI'DNAP, V. A. to fteal children. KI'DNAPPER, S. one who fteals chil- dren, or human beings KI'DNEY, S. [the etymology unknown] a part of an animal ferving to feparate the urine from the blood : they are two in nuru- bcr, one on each f:de, of the figure of kidney beans, the right one being fituated under the liver, and the teft under the fpleen. Figura- tively, r^ce or ^;nd, in ludicrous language. Kl'DNEY-BEAN, S. [fo named from ifs refcmbling a kidney in its Ihape] in Botany, the phajeolus, which name it derives from its hufks refcmbling a long narrow vellel or (hip, called in Greek <f>a<r>iA.c?. Linnaeus places it in the third feiftion of his feventeenth clafe. The fpecies are fix. KT'DNEYVETCH.orKIDNEYWORT, S. plants. KI'LDERKIN, S. [kindih'w, or kinnekin, Belg.] a fmall barrel ; a liquid meafure, con- taining two firkins, or eighteen gallons, beer meafure ; and fixieen ale meafure. Two kilderkins make a barrel ; and four an hogf- head. To KILL, V. A. [forr.ierly written (fuell, from rivcllan. Sax.] to murder or deprive of life. Figuratively, to deprive of the power of growing. KILLER, S. one who deprives of life, or puts to death. KILN, S. [cylr.e, Sax.] a (love or furnace ' contrived K I N contrived for admitting heat, anci drying or' burning fuch thinos as are contained in it. To KI'LN-DRY, V. A. to dry in a kiln. Kl'MP.O, Adj. [alfchumbo, \u\.] crooked; bent ; with the arms bent, and fticking out Uom the Tides. KIN, S. [kun, Goth. c_y«w, Sax,] of the fame family, relation 5 of the fame race, t'fed as a termination to exprefs fomething dimi- nutive, thus manmkin, a little man, mlnnikin, a very fmall pin. KIND, Adj. [cyn. Sax.] behaving with civility to others ; benevolent, or filled with * -general good will. ■ ■. KlNw', S. \ryne. Sax. hinds , Goth.] race; or J'*<rlafs containing feveral fpecies; the pariicu- •■'"•lar nature of a thing; the natural ftate of a thing. " Levied in /t/H(/ upon corn." Arlutl. Nature, or particular manner ; fort, ufed with , in, implying by way of. " In a k'md of -' ,*' fcom." / ac. 1; . To KI'NDLE, V. A. \cinnu, Rrit. cynde- ' ^jati. Sax,] to feton rire; to light or make to '. :.l)urn. Fii^uratively, to excite, inflame, or ; cxafpevaie ; to catch fire. To bring forth, ■ app led to ribbits, iifc. KI'NDLER, S. one that lights or fets fire to. Figuratively, one that inflames or excites difturbances. Kl'NDLY, Adv. in a civil, good-natured manner. Kl'NDLY, Adj rfrom the fubftantive] of the fame nature; homogeneal; fuiting or agreeing with. " Kindly, treat." Fi3r. Loji. Infinuating ; mild. KI'NDNESS, S. civil bi'hiviour; favour- able treatment, or a conltant and haMtiial praiftice of friendly offices and beuevoiem anions. KI'NDRED, S. ("from kin, orcym-eu, Sax,] relation by birth or marriage. KI'NDKED, Adj. native; congenial; agreeing to the nature of a perfon or thing. KINE, S. the plural of Cow. KING, S. \cyng, cyning, cynig. Sax.] a perfon who rules fingly over a people. In England, the king has power of making peace and war, und calHng, continuing, pro- roguing, anil diflolving of parliament.s, of en- forcing old laws, determining rewards and punilhments, pardoning olfenders, laying em- bargoes on Ihipping, and of opening and Ihut- ting fca-porcs. He is the fountain of honour, and has the fole power of conferring dignities and titles of honour, as creating dukes, earls, barons, &c. In Gaming, a card with the pi<f^ure of a king, in whift next to an ace. The four kings are, David, Alexander, Ca:far, and Char!e5, whofe names are flill piinted on the French cards, and are fuppofed to repre- fcnt tlief )ur mon.irchies of the Jews, Greeks, Romans, and that ot the Franks under Char- lemagne. King at arms, is a principal officer a: arms^ that has pre-eminence of the focicty K I T of heralds : of thefe there are three, named Garter, Norroy, and Clarencieux. To KING, V. A. to rule as a king ; to raife to the dignity of a king. KING-CRAFf, S. the adf or fkiU of governing. Kl'NGDOM, S. [cynidem, Sax.] the do- minion or territories fubjed to a king. A- mong Naturalifls, a clafs or order of things or beings. Figuratively, a traft or region. " The watery kingdom." Shak. KI'NGFISHER, S. a bird frequenting waters, and feeding on fifhes. * KI'NGHKF, or Kl'NGLY, Adj. royal; belonging or fuitable to a king. Kl'NGLY, Adv. with an air of majerty, KI'NGS-EVIL,S.afcrophuloLisdiaemper, in which the glands are ulcerated : it derives its name from a vulgar opinion that it may be cured by the touch of a king or crowned head KFNGSHiP, S. royalty, or the ftate, of- fice, and dignity of a king. KFN>FOLK, S. [from kin zni folk] re- lations, or thofe that are of the fame family* KFNSMAN, S. a man who is related to^ or of the fame family with another. Kl'NSWOMAN, S. a woman of the fame family with another. KIRK, S. \cyra, Sax.] a church : obfolete in England, but ifill retained in Scotland. KI'RTLE, S. [cyrul, Sax kirtel, Dan.] an upper garment or gown. " What ftufl^wik " thou have the kirtle of?" Shak. Not in ufe. To KISS, V. A. [cyffar:. Sax.] to touch with the lips. Figuratively, tu treat with fondnefs; to touch gently, or in a loving manner. " The fweet wind did gently k'^s " the trees." Sbak. KISS, S. a falute given by joining the lips. KI'SSP:R, S. one that killes. KI'SSINGCRUST, S. the thin, tender cruft of bread, formed when one loaf touches another m the oven. KIT, S. \kitte, Belg ] a large bottle; a fm»ll fiddle ; a fmall wooden veflel, in which New- caftle falmon are fent to town. KI'TCHEN, S. [ktgin, Brit, cwfne, Fr.] the room in a houfe where the provifions are drefled or cooked. KI'TCHEN- GARDEN,S.a gardenwhere- in fallads, roots, herbs, cabbages, and other efculent plants are produced. KI' i CHEN-MAID, S. a cook, or maid who does the bufmefs of the kitchen. KF ; CHEN-STUFF, S. the fat fcummed off the pot, or collected from the dripping- pan. KFTCHEN- WENCH. S. a fcullion or maid employed to clean the veffels or inftru- ments ufed in cookery. Kl' TCHEN-WORK, S. cookery, or work done in a kitchen. KITE, S. [cyta, Sax.] a bird of prey, that infefts farms, and Heals chickens. Figu- 4 rativcly. •^W • K N E ratively, a petfqn pi a retn&rkaVle alii3 n<;(tq- rious rapacity. ■ A play-thing ina<Jepf.pa£eV, and raiCed into the siir by means bf.a'.l»»^. Ibiing, and rurlning againft the\Yi'id.;.-^^-_'!;;. KI'TESFOOT, S. a plant. ' ■ '\: .;■ / Kr'TTEN, S. [/■<3/.v/5eff,Di;|g.]aybungxat.' To KIT TEN, V. A', to bring-forth ydorig Cats. . ' ■' ' ■ ■ : . • ' ' ■■ ■' To KLICK, V. N. [from chct] to'mike * fliarp nnife, like the links of an iron chain beatins againft each other. To'KNAB, V. A. [kttc'ppen, Belg. ifiaap, F.rfe] to take a fhort bite ; to bite fomething brittle that makes a npifc between the te«th. •' Kricii^bin^^ cru(t-S-"X"'£/?r,;w^c. KNACK, S. ff«f/Crit.] a toy or bauble, which difcovers (kill or contrivance ; a rcadi- nefs; a peculiar flight, or habitual dexterity ia doing any thing ; a nice trick. >- To KNACK, V. N. to make a..O>aVf. fhrill noife, like that of a flick wheii break- ing. ' ' • .■ , " ' "knap, S. U^'^h '^rxtcn/tp, Sax.}an Emi- nence ; a fweilino rrotnberan'ce. '" Upon a ♦' kn<Jp of ground." Bac. To KNAP, V. A. {hKipprp, Belg] to bite or break fliort; to flrike fo as to make a (harp iioife like that of breaking. " Knap a pair of " tongs," Bac. To make u fhort noife by a fudden tlafli or breaking. To KNA'PLE, V. A. to break off with •« fliort, fharp noife. KNA'PSACK, S, the bag which a foldier carries at his back ; abag of provifions. KNA'PWEED, S. a plant. . : ■ KNARE, S. [knor, Tcm.] a hard knot. «f Wood with knots and knam deformed." Dr\d. ■ ■ KNAVE, S. \cKafe,cnapa,%s.^.knah,Te\\\..\ a boy, or fervant, and in the latter- fenfe, in an old tranflation of the Tenamefit, in Lau- derdale's library, we read " Paul the krra-ve of *' Chri(^." At prefent it'isufed in abadfenfe, to fignify a fly, artful, or difhonefl fellow.- J[n, Gaming, it is applied to a card, having a foldier painted on it. - , . KNA'VERY, S. difhoncdy; tricks ; low cunning ; any thing which is put to an ill ufc. " Bracelets, beads, and all this kndver.y." Shak. ■ ■ ' KNA'VI^lH, Adj. difhonefl ; trckmg ; waggifh ; mifchievous. . ■ KNA'Vr-'HLY, Adj in a fly, cunning, and difhonefl manner. To KNEAD, V. A. [ir.irdan. Sax. hicdcn, Eelg.] to beat or mingle any Aibflancc. Scl- dorn applied to any thing but the manner of making dough fit for baking, by often rolling it in different forms, and prelTing it with the knuckles. KNEA'DING-TROUGH, S. a trough in •which the paflc of bread is worked together. KNEE, S. [Dan. cnecrv. Sax. krr, Belg.] the joint of the leg whcrby it is united to the tkigh. K N I ■.To knee; V.;A. to place the.lfi^c^Jnipoa.J-Vfi p cntreaf 'kneeling, ... ^'.'J.- ■»'•■•,;»,*-'; ' KNEEp,-A<ij,.ii\ving,.kaee5, Iii-^potafij; "> •. V TiaVmg joints.'" 'kii'uJ^.si^i^' . .'-. •' -J' "^-./i-^ . . KNEE^DEEP;^'4i.;*ifijf»3'to the faee&'i.^*' I'unk. to tlie knees.' " ' ".,.•','■ •''■'■■'..•*. ••• .'• i""V KrNEETAN^S. a lihleVo^tnct-VonoafcoupP--'^^ two inclirt bi-oad, convex on botlj fideSjpin^.. *^ fovert^cl.'with afmooihc^irtilage 6n]tsf'oi^de,' '••''• ivhicb ftrves as a pully to the-.teiidofj j.f thv; mufcles -that extend the le<». ' •.■•'• •• '.' ■ To KNEEL, V. N. '[fc5p>,.W/rrfe»v,v;'^ Belg.] to bend theknec-; toiqucK tht.grqui^i.'. •' with the knee, as a. .figrt of ;fuf))e€li^Ji_ aft4 •^, fupplication. ' • '. ' ".-.'.' . '.•..' '•• ,i» KN«E-TRIBUTE; .S'.. vl'orfivp'" or 'fi<^<^,**« mage fhewn hy kneglm^/- f! KiJct-ulliiit/'yei •:' "Uroaid." Milt. • ■ .^ -' . * .• . .*. . •, KNELL, S. [fBj/s ^rk'.. ^liv//,' Sapr..^ tfie"-^* ' fcpnd of a bell rung a'tabjirial qt'.funei'jiljL', ^* ■ KNEW, the pretei'of /Jno-zu. •■•■:" " "-.'V ■KNIFE, S. fplur^;.*;;.-:i?rj, -it. bein'ra '^f. ;-.''. ^ ncral rule that nouris endiaj?1ny.^'/?ia.rhi*.- ., • lingular, make the plirral.bv- cjiangiflg fim' • , fe' into -Lvj^, i!:if,. Sa?r,.J an inf^riiment conj< '• lifting of a fleel blade with arl edge, on on»'.ir.« fide, and lometimcs uitli a fbarp point, lifcd' , particularly in cutting meat and kilUn.g'.-anio ; • ] mals. . ,>;'■•. ^ • ■ ' * •, KNIGHT, S. [cnh:', Sax,] a perf.Mi advart- , ■•.", ccd to the degree of military rank, w-hich took'' ^ its Origin from the cuftoni of tlieancient Ge'c- • 'j 4nans, wlio ulcd to pre/ent.their youth witi».4./' *" fhield and javelin in a public aflembly, as foon; • ■.' as they \.:re capable of bearing arms : with- out having pafied this ceremony, they thought ^they could notlaiv fully go to war, and on that aecqunt William Rufus was made a foKiier iti ^ J form, by Lanfrac archbifhop of Canterbury..' . ^ Tli0 title was at firft conferred by parents,, "vj ,then by piiefls, mofl commonly by the arch- ; "' j bifhop, and at prefent liy the king. ", A KNIGHT-ERRANTRY, S. the prartlce..' 3 of wandering about in quefl: of needlefs en- ;.'\ counters. • • 'j •• KNIGHT OF THE POST, S. an hire-'' • ling evidence, or one'tltat will fwearanything if paid for it, KNTGHT OF THE SHIRE, S. a repre- fentative of a countv in parliament. To KNIGHT, V. A. to create a pcrfon a knight. KNl'GHTHOOD, S. [from kvlght and hood] the rank or dignity of a knight. To KNIT, V. A. [prefer but, or hnuted ; cnvtar. Sax.] to forni any texture or manu- fartures on wire; or needles, without a loom, Figuratiwlv. to interweave. To tie, applied to knots. To join orunite two perfons together, applied to matrimony. To join together \n friendOiip. To contract 'n wrinkles, applied to the forehead or eye-brows. To join cl-^fe or unif. " Our fevered navy--have kr.it again." KNIT, .1 ^•. '•*.'0 lyffiT, S.-the,'t^i:ture,ide^rp?; cr.fjn'er^ers '.hftTecarhal knowledge of a fwfon ox^'another '• i' tef nili' rViinre frvrBT^i+.Jii/i ITnirrirt//- .■■ •**♦ P^>tvilieranpe';;«ny paft^-iirqgbjujifly iitovel './ V'.'thVfitvfa'cebt;.;*' tiling. - '•. -_. • . . •". ■. .- , •}/■'. I^Np'P'&^P^'.AdJ.'.iit'wIfliiin.oUsorrpro- •? •*)fl6bi<anci;§v" .' :--'^. ■-~^-C'': •' . . < ... . K.lirO'Bl.NESS, S. the"-qiTaK'ty'of llaV.mg■ ,'>•'.■■^fcn()bs■Df protuberances. .- ■ ■■/' t - ._ ^•. .';'{. •^•KNO'Sey, Adj. full ofk;nhbs. 'Eigura- ..,.-,.^ ,* .tivelj'.'liard, of (luhborrTj allwding to' wood, [From-^?; •<f'*Whidi is hot eafily fcen.t, ^''^ti Yull-of'kiiots.. or difagi • ^ ;•. .To' Knock, v.'N-i'.fcwcw/'-.'.SaxifWJ/fi-,- -^i"*".-- ■ ^;' ■ SrFt.] to.chfh ; to be driv(?n ferdblyipge'tRer' ;' ''•;.;to beat .at a door for ailiiiutance.-. "^'o knock \;tirdeKjto fubmit, or pay fubri-ilffion,. 'To knock ^'.'.Moivrf, to'fclt, or make a.perfonf«ll".by a vTo-' r '.^ l?nt"l»!ow.. Yj} kmck'ofi the l^ead, to kill or '*'''^ defl^ifoy by a blou''. '*' fixcels, kmcki a rnaa ' ■ i^'on th'e kcad^''^ ^''^?' ■'-"'' :.' :' • ,' *■ , >NPCK/'S; arud<Vnvftto%^'"bl<5wV'a •\Toiid flroTLeTnade at (he door fofentranci^. : _ ... KNOCK'ER., S. one whomalces a noife :it .._ adeor to gain eptranet^ thehairimer hanging '. at a doopfor perftnts to ftn'ke with 19 gain ad- y •■njiffion. • '. •;'.' i.-.' >-.' • To KNOLL/.V;- A.-tfrQin-^T/f^J to ring a •.* . bell for a burial. .•••••' '. " ' " ' •- : •' KNOP, S. [a corruption of knap] any tufty ■ •'top. /linj'ivonh. ■ ^/ ■_,' ■ ■"• ■ KNOT, S. [fvir/^jiSax. /l«5f,.Teut. /^w/rf, ' ■ Bclg. /(■Ko.'ff, Erfe] a'Aringor cold formed in a hard knob by frequent interfeftions not. eafrly .' to be difintargled. Fig-urativcly, any figure formed of lines frequently interfering, each other; any bond of union or aflociation; a difficulty or intricacy not eufily refjlved ; an intrigde, or difficult perplexity ; a cluder,. or eolleftion. In Drefs, a ribbon worn byway of ornament on the head of a woman; A liard part of wood caufed by the growing of a bough in that part. To KNOT, V, A. to tie threads or cords in fuch a manner as to make an hard knob not eafily untangled j to entangle or perplex ; to unite. KNO'TTED, Adj. full of knots. KNO'TTINESS, S. thequality ofabound- iog in knots j an intricacy or difficulty not eafily folvcd. _ KNO'TTV, Adj. full of knots, applied either to threads or trees, hard, intricate, per- plexed, difficult. To KNOW, V. A. fpretcr. I kve^v, or hare knoiun ; part. pafT. kr.otun \ cvajvn. Sax, y\a.M, Gr.] to perceive with certainty ; to. be acQuaintcd with.; to converfe with, or fex- y.'to-be free from igjioranec. ■, : KNa VFAKLE, Adj. . pofrible to be difco- Veferfor underlt'bbd.' ., , ; . ;.l''KNO'WEi^, S..-qrvV tli'at'jiis knowledge of:(kil.h " A j«;.';'5ffr*di"!mankind." Sou- thern. ..■•'•' •• ■ ". • '• '■ • KNQ'WINGj.A^j.-^fl^lfu! V well inRruc- ted, of extenfive knowledgiJ or experitncc j free ffoiji ignorance \ qoiTfcfdus j intelligent. •".A;*77p7!';«n-prndent CdM^t.''^- ,Blackn:r,e. : KMCi' WIN G, S. 'kipw ledge, experience^, or undcrllandin'g, ";A man pf'your.tow/w^.'" .Shake' f^i^lr. :■.'"' "■ •'.'■• -■ . •• • ■.• ■' 'KNb;\nNGLt;''Adv. ddiberatdy-; ' wil- PjU^ ; ■witiibut bejng ignorant, ... RNO'WLEDGE, or.RNO'WLEGE, S, ['From;^?;.<;:2li j the perception of the agreement'- • *■" of^ .difagreement of our ideas, without any- .'-• ■ mixture of doubt or imccftainty 5 learning, orimpfovniient of our faculties by reading; experience, or the acquiring- hew ideas 05, .■.-•■■ trutJ^s' by feeing a yari«y:.of objeds, andls'-''- '. niTiking obferviition upon theni in our own .: minds. ;' acq uaintauce with any perfon or fad> KNUCKLE, S. [cijucle. Sax. 7:occ,j, ltz{.\ ' the jointJ of the fingers- whioh (lick out when the hand i,<- fliut. The knee joint'of acalf^' ' applied la cookery. The 'articulation or joints of a plant, in botany.- ' <' Divers herbs have " joints or >Kofy^/«." Bac. To KNUCKLE, V. A. to put the knuckles clofe to the giound. Figuratively, to fub- mit. . ■ . KNU'CKLED,. Adj.- jointed, applied to plants. , ■ , , : ■'■'■ ...•-' . ■ KYN, Brk. . in' compound'. Words fignifics an increafe, or the firft or chief ; hence iyn- kan is extraordinary white ; in Englilh it is changed into ircn; hence, fowioy, from ,^yff chief and^jiw, ©r luy, a river fignifies the chief riv<er. -.. L. s- A femi--vpwcr, oi'liqiild Confpnanr, the eleventh Ifettcr of the Englifh al- 7 phabet. In the Saxon it was afpi- ratcd as in Llaf, .Sax. a loaf, as it is at prc- feat by the Spniards, and by the Cambro- Britons, in Han, a temple. The figure of the capital L we borrow from the Saxons, which is the fame as that of the Romans, who Irkewifc feeni to have taket} theirs from the A of the Greek, with o/.e of its fides placed upon the line thus <, and if wc at- tend to the form of the Hebrew '7 we may, without the leaft improbability, fay, that the Greek A fecms borrowed from it, only by cut'.ing off" its tail, or the flroke below the line. It is pronounced by putting the tongue: to the palate, and breathing from the tliroat. At the end of a monofyllable it is always doubled, as in fall, kill, &c. but at the end LAB of a worJ of two or more fyllables it is writ- ten fingU', as in doubtful, as it likewife is ■when it occurs in the middle of eompiound ■words ; tor though we write /kill and full, vhen they are alone, with a double //, yet, when they a e compounded, we leave out an /in each. i% \n JkUful. When it comes be- fore e at the end of a word, it is pronounced as if the e came before it, as in hible. As a Dumera', it (bands for 50, and when a line is drawn over it thus L for 50,000. LA, Interject, look; behold ; fee; '• La ! *' you." Shak. LA'BLK, S. [labellum, Lat.] a fmall or norrow flip, fcrip, or fcro! I of writing. In Law, a narrow flip of paper or parchment affixed to a deed or writing, in order to hold the fcal which is faftened to it; likewife any paper added by way of explanation or addi- tion to a will, called either label or cod'tcii. In Heraldry, an addition to the arms of a younger brotJier, to didinguifti him from the cldefi LA'BIAL, Adv. [lab'alh, Lat.] exprcfTed by the lips, applied to letters. LABIATED, Adj. [laLium, Lat. a lip] formed with or having lips. In Botany, ap- plied to irregular, monopetalons flowers di- vided into lii's, the upper of which is called the creft, the under, the beard. LA'BIODENTAL, Adj. [from /^3ww,Lat. and dens, L-it.l in Grammar, formed or pro- nounced by the co operation of the lips and teeth, as theyand 1/. LA'BORATORY, S. [IMreto'ire, Fr.] the pLcc where a chemift performs his opera- tions In an Hofpital, a phce vxhere che- mical medicine.s are made. In a Camp, the tent where the engineers or fireworkers pre- pare their works. LABO'RiOUS, Adj. \khork:'x,Tr. lab-.- riofus, Lat ] dilligent, c-fTuluoiis, and irldefa- ligable ; tirefome ; fatiguing. LABORIOUSLY, Adv. with labour, toil, or fatiouc. LAF.O'RIOUSNESS, 5- the quality of re- cuiring great labour, or cau'fing tatigue j de- ligencc ; afliduity. LA'BOUR, S. \bbcur, Fr. labor, Lat.] the att of pcrtorming fomeJiing which requires an exertion of Ilrcngth, or tire- fome perfevcrance ; pains ; toil ; work ; ex- ercifc ; travail, or the fiate of pain and an- guilh a woman is in previous to her being de- livered of a child. To LA'BOUR, V. N. [lalcro, Lat.] to toil, to excit (hcngth in the performance oF anv thing; to do work, or take pains. Figu- ratively, to move with difticulty. " The Hone " that Li'cours up the hill." Gr. r-vile. To be opjTciTcd. " Frees the UFilnt, fkies." Dryd. 1 o b« in a ftate of pain and agonj' prcviois to childbirth; to profecute with great pains. " '1 o labour the point under " ihcft dlfaJ vantages." Fo^e, LAC L.VBOURER, S. one who is employed in coarfe and toilfonie work j the peifon who Carries mortar, brick, (s^c. to builders ; one who exerts much Ilrength. LA'BOURSOME, Adj. done wfth gitatT exertion of (trem^th and diligence. , . ■■- • LA'BYRINTH, S. [iabyrwthut,JjA.'] a winding, mazy, and intricate walk' in a gar- den, formed with fingle or double hedges, fb as to render it polTible for a perfon to lofc himfelf in it. In Anatomy, the fccond ca- vity of the internal ear, formed out of <he os petrofum, and fo called from itsfeveraJ'wind- ings, -^ ■ :.^ .^• LAC, S. [lacca, Lat. litque, Fr.^ a liarJ, • red, brittle, tranfparent fubftance, partaking. ' ■ a middle nature between that of a gum and a ; • rcfui, fuppofed to be the comb of an.inftft ' reicmliling an ant : it is brought from Mala- .• bar, Bengal, and Pegu, and ufed in dying fear- let, in painting, ill making fealing wax, Gfc ' '. LACE, S. [iucet, Fr. L^ucu;, Lat.] a ftring • or cord ; afnareorgin ; a plated (tring with "'' which women faflen their ftays or bodices ; '■_ a ueb of thread, or gold, and filver, curioufly • woven, and ufed as ornaments in drefs. »'•'■ To LACE, V. A. to faften with a plauei " < firing running through eilet holes; to adorn ui'h gold, filver, or thread webs curioufly wrought. Figuratively, to embellilli with or- nan-.ents of different colours. "What en-' " vious (Ireaks-i^dc) lace the fevering clouds."- - VEjirar.ic: . y - • LACE'MAN, S. one who deals in lace. LA'CERABLE, Adj. [SeeLarfr^r^Jfubjea •. or liable to be torn. '= T heir thin and lacer- " ij/.t" cornpofure." Hc.r-jey. \ To LA'CERATE, V. a. \laceratut, from lacc-o, Lat. j to tear, rend, or leparate by vio- . lence. LACE'RATIOX, S. the afl of tearing or rending ; a brtach made by teaiing. LA'CERATIVE, Ad], tearing ; having the power of tearir.g. " Lafcsra.-k-: humor." Harffv. . L.A'CKRYMAL, Adj. [Fr.] producing or containing te^rs. LA'CHRYMARY, Adj. [lachryma, Lat.| containing tears. '• Lacbrymary vtlTcls. * Add}u LACI'NIATED, Adj. llacma, Lat.] a- dorRcd with fringes or borders. To LACK, V. A. [lacken, Bclg.] to want ; to iiced ; to be without ; to be deficient or wanting. LACK, S. want ; defcft ; failure ; need. Both the verb and noun are almolt obfolete. LA'CKBRAIN", S. one that wants under- flanding. " 'What a lackhraln is this." Shak. L.VCKER, S. a kind of varrdfh, which, when fprcad on a white furface, appears of a golden Colo or. LA'CKEY, S. [lacc'tai, Fr. a footboyj " Grooms and iack-ci."' ikak. LAD To LA'CKEY, V. A. to atend as a Cer- Vant ; to wait upon as a footboy. " A " thoufand liveried angels lackey her." MiU- To wait upon in a lervile manner. " He •' /i/ci^/fi by the fide of Vir;;il." Dryd. ■LACO'NIC, Adj. [/aconicus, l^at. laconi^ue, Fr.j ihort ; concile ; brief; cxprefled in few words. " I grow lacank even beyond laco- " nicifm." Tope.- - ' v . " LACO'NlCISMj.S^' [See La^wV] 5_ fhort or concife manner oPexprdUng one's fenti- mcnts J "brevity like that of the Lacedsmo- r.i.ms, " I grow laconic beyond lai^onkifm.^-' Pope. . LA'CONISM, ^..[lacQwfm, Fr. lacoriifmus, Lit.] a' concifeftilc, ^preftlng much in a few words. • ■. "^ LA'CONICALLY, Adj. [from lacomc'j'in brief or concife manner. • " . . . LAC'TARY, Adj. [from lac, laBh, Lat.] 'fniiky j full of juice refenabling milk. " Lac- " tary or milky plants." Bioivn. LACTA'TION, S. [hclatus of la^o, Lat.J in Medicine, the art or time of sriving fuck. '■ LACTEAL-, Adj. [lac, laills, Lat.J in Anatomy, conveying the chyle, a juice re- ferhblihg mil^.'- " The /a^eal veins." Lode. LACTEAL, S', in Anatomy, the velTel that conveys the miikyjuice called the chyle LACTe'OUS, Adj. \/c!.^eus, Lst.] milky. " The /afleou! c'lrdi." Bh-un.L.a.ilea[; con- veying the milky juice called chyle. '* The " kncous veflels." Btnthy, ■ LACTE'SCENCE, S. "{hmjcem, pf lac- tefco, Lat.] tendency to tairn into a liquor like milk. *' This AiiSf/fcrff .does commonly enfuc." Bcy/e. LACTE'SCEMT, Part. [/<jfff/2m,Lat.]ia Botany, producing a juice like milk. *' Some /aSfefcent plants." Arhtithn. LACTl'FEROUS, Adj. [from lac, Lat. and fero, Lat.] in Anatomy, that which con- veys or brings milk. " La&ifcrous duift." Ray. In Botany, abounding with milky juice', LAD, S. \_lad. Sax.] a boy or (tripling in familiar language, and paftoral poetry. LAD'DER, S. \hladra. Sax. ladder, Belg.] a frame made with two upright pieces, crofled with others at proper diftances, which ferve as fteps. LADE, [from the Sax. lade, a purging or dijcharging] in compofition, implies the moutn of a river, by which its waters are difcharged either into a great river or the fea. To LADE, V. A. [pretcr and part, paflive laded or laden ; frons Lde, Sax. a burthen, or ^Wwn, Sax.] to put a burthen upon abeafl; to burthen. To freight, applied to a (hip. To heave out, or throw out. L.A'DLE, S. [hladls. Sax] a vefTcI with » long handle and a bowl at the end, u led to t:ike liquor out of a pot, fefc The receptacles of a mill into which the water falls and turns if).. LA'DY, S. [h!af.r,<r, Sax. hda, RMfTj a LAM woman of rank, the title belonging properly to the wives of knights, and all degrees above them, and to the daughters of earls ; at pre- fect ufed as a ceremonious or leljjecfful cx- prelllon to women that drefs tolerably. LA'DY-BIRD, LA'DY-COW, LA'DY- ■ FLY, S. a fmall round infert with winus in a (heath, which is o( a reddllh colour, fpotted with black. L.VDY-LIKE, Adj. refembling a pcrfon of delicate breeding and conftitution j fufc j delicate. LA'DYSHIP, S. the titleof a lady. LA'DY'S-SMOCK, s. a beautiful white Hower confi(Hng of four petals, called like- wife cardominc. "• Lady's p.^^ocis all fiivcr "white." Shak. ■ LAG, Adj. [l^£, Sax. la£g, Swcd.] that which is behind, at the latter end, or falls (hort ; fluggifh ; How in motion ; la(l, or long delayed. LAG, S. the loweft clafs. " The com- " mon lag of people." Sbak. He that comes lafl:,or (lays behind. To L.1G, V. N. to loiter, or move (lowly ; to (lay behind', or not come i:i. LA'GGE!<, S. a loiterer, or one who moves but (lowly. LA'ICAt., Adj. [lal^ue, Fr. laki^s, Lat. from Xttof, Gr. ] belonging to the people, op- pofed to the cle.'gy. LAID, part, preter qf Lay. L.'^.IN, part, preter of Lie. LAIR, S. [/tf, Fr. legar, Belg] among Sportfmen, a place where deer harLcur ly day; the imprefilon which a bead has made on the griifs or ground whereon it has laTi. In Hufbandry, a place where cattie ufuilly red under fomc Ihelter, and enrich the ground by their dung. LAIRD, S. [hlaford. Sax.] the lord of a manor in the Scottilli dialeft. LA'ITY, S. [.Xao;, Gr.] the people dif- tinguifhed from the clergy ; the (late of a- layman. LAKE, S. [lac, Fr. lacits, Lat.] a large colleftion of waters, incIo(ed in fome inland places. Figuratively, a fmall plalh of water. In Painting, a middle colour betwixt ultr.i- marine and vermilion. LA'MK, S. the yoimg of a flieep. In Scripture, typically applied to our Lord and Saviour, who is c.lled the Lamb ofC-cd. LA'MBA FIVE, Adj. [from l<:r:l-o, Lst.] to be taken by licking. " Lamhuti've medi- " cines." Brown. LA'MBSWOOL, S. a mixtureof ale and roafted apples. LA'MBENT, Adj. [/jwrZvm, Lat.] gliding about ; playing about or upon without doing any harm. LAMBDO'IDAL, Adj. [from raj^BU, ard Ei^o;, Gr.] having the form or ihape of the Greek letter A, landd^, " The lamtJciJal " future," Sharp. ? p LAME, LAM LAN LAViIE, Adj. [lam, lan-a. Sax.] crippled,] LA'MPBLACK, S. a black powder nad? ©rdiCibltd in tlie liniba ; walking in a liobling by holding a lamp or torch under the bottom niitBoer. Figmativcly, not frnooth, or not of a b.ifon, and ilriking the fur into fome rc- having its due (.juantity of feet, applied to ceptacle beneath, with a feather. verfe. Inipcrtect ; unfatiifaflory. " A lame LAMPO'ON, S. a peifonal fatire, or fevere " excule." S-aift. cenfurc, written purely to make a perfon un- To LAME, V. A. [from the noun, lomaii, icufy. Rufl; /(-/jwVf, Sclav, lair.atc, 13oh. lav.ac, Vq\.\\ To LAMPO'ON, V. A. to abufe with to deprive of the ufe of a limb, cither by a pcrfonal faiire. tlow or by accident. LAMPO'ONER, S. one who abufcs with L.AME'Ll.ATED, Adj. \ lamella, LAi.'\co- pcrfonal fatire. vered uith thin plates or films LA'INIELY, Adv. like a cripple ; not be- ing able to Walk without hobling; imperfeift- Jy j in a dcfe(flive manner. LA'MENESS, S. the ftatc of a perfon ■who cannot make a perfecfl ufe of his legs, or other limbs. Figuratively, imperftdiion ; ueaknefs. To LAME'NT, V. A. [lamcrJor, Lat. la- pttKter, Fr.] to exprefs forrow for the lofs of fomething ; to bemoan. LAME'NT, S. forrow exprefTed fo as t» be heard ; grief Uttered in complaints and erics. " Torment, and loud lament, and fu- " rious rage." Mil:. LA'MENTABLE, Adj. [Fr. lamtntalilh, Lat.] to be lamented ; cauling forrow; mourn- ful; fad; expreflivc of forrow; miferable, pi- tiful, or dcfpicable. "This/a;«f«/'aWe refuge." StUlir-fiect. LA'iMENTABLY, Adv. in a manner which exprclics or caufes forrow j in a pitiful or dcf- picable manner. LAMENTA'TION, S. [lamentatio, Lat.] cxpiefrion of forrow in fuch a manner as it may be heard or feen. LAMf.'NTER, S. one who cxprefTes for- row for the lofs of any perfon or thing in fucii a maniur as may be heard. LA'MINA, S. [Lat J a tliin plate, applied to fuhft.inccs which confifl of fcale.>:, or one coat l.iid over another. LA'JMINATED, Adj. plated, applied to bodies confiding of parts refcmloling thin' plates lying over one another. To LAMM, V. A. [Lmac, Pol. Icm, IH.] to beat foiindly with a cudgel. L' A MM AS, S. [to called, according to Skinner, l>ccaiife lambs then grew out of fea Ion ; according to Soniner, from Icffnuu, be- c.uife our foicfathcr* made an oHering of bread made of new" wheat on this day. John- fon fisppofrs it may be corrupted from laTtcr- g:aih^ und iJr. Bernard, that it is likewife a corruption of laimos, a fummer fcflivalj the fir ft day of A u gull. LAM1\ S. [lamp, "Ri'W.. l.iwpe,TT. Aa.u- Taj, Or. hi'pd, Syr j a light niudc of oil and a wick. Figur.itively, any Kind of light, whether real or metaphorical. LA'MPREON, or LA'MPRFL, S. [hv.- fiillon, Fr.] a fmall lamprey or fifli fomewhat rtfimbling an eel, but having holes on each fide to breath at, mftead of gills. LAMPREY, S. [/ar^prci, Fr, larrfrcye, Belg. lampreda, Ital. ] a filh like an eel, flip- pery, and of a dark colour, hut fomewhat bluilh on the belly : on each fide the throat they have fcven holes to receive the water, having no gills. They are beft in feafon in the fpring, and abound in the river Severn. LA'NCASTER, or, as the natives pro- nounce it, LONE'CAS 1 ER, or LONGCAS- TER, fo called from the river LON, near the mouth of which it ftands, and giving name to the whole county. It is the Ihire- town, and an ancient borough, being alfo the Longcvicum of the Itineraiy, where the Ro- m;tn lieutenant kept a company in garrifon, called the Lovgo'vki, if Longdiller be not de- rived from this. Here are ibmetimes found the coins of Roman emperors, efpecially in the fite of the Benediiftinc cloyfter here, faid to have been formerly the hrge fquare of an ancient city ; after the demolition of which by the Scotch, in 1322, they began to build nearer the river, clofe by a hill, upon which ftands a fair, ftrong caftle ; and on the very top of the hill is a large and handfome church : at the bottom is a very fine ftone bridge of five arches over the Lon, and on the ftcepeft part a piece of a very ancient Roman wall, now called Wery-wall. J« digging a cellar in this place, feveral cups u(cd in facrifices have been found. This i.$ a mayor corporation, a populous and thriving place, with a tolerable harbour, chiefly for fmall vcflels ; and a cuftom-houfe, the trsde here being much improved of late. In the caftle are held the county affizes ; and here is alfo the county gaol. The weekly mar- kets here are on Wednefday and S2turd.;y ; the former by grant, and the latter by pi e- llription ; bcfides one every other Wednefday throngiiout the year, for cattle ; and fcvwal (Dtlicr ounnal fairs. Veffels of fevcnty tons tnirden go from hence to America with hard- wares and woollen nianufaftures ; but the neighbouring country is fo thinly peoplcil, I)y Rafon of its b.irrennef";, that it cannot LA'MPAS, S. \lampas, Fr.] a lump cf take off the fugars imported thither from our (kill about the frif of :t luirnicjr, which ariles I American colonics. This town gave the ti- in the TO'A ol -a iiorft'i mouth bctwtcii his ; tic of Duke, which ftill fubfifts, as a didinft tilth. duchy belonging to the wowa. It lies -59 I miles LAN Snilesfrom Liverpool, am! z■^^ from London. Lat. i;4- <^ei^ N. long, z dea. 47 rfiin. W. LA'NCASHIRE, or the Cwnty Palatine cf Lancajler. This is one of the northern counties cf England, pent up in narrow bounds, between York (hire on the E. and the Irifln foa on the W. but on the S. tide toward Chffhire, it is broader, growing nnr- rovver, though by degrees, towards the N. ■where it confines on Weftmoreland ; and there it is divided by an arm of the fea, fo that a confKlenible part lies beyond the bay, and joins to Cumberland. This is a large maritime county, being computed fixty- eight miles long from N. to S. and 40 broad from E. to W. though others give it different di- menfions ; fo that the eltimate of its acres mud confequently vary, on which we ilial! not dwell. It is faid to contain 240,000 in- habitants, fiK hundreds, twenty-feven mar- ket towns, and befides chapels as large as pa- rjfh churches, faid to be upwards of 120, fixty pariflies, each of them far exceeding the greatefl: any wliere elfe in the number of its inhabitants ; and no lefs than (ixteen of the aforefaid chapels of eafe are in one pa- vi(h. LANCE, S. [lance, Fr. and Span, lancea, Lat.J a fpcar borne in the hand, and fome- what refembling tlie half-pike. To LANCE, V. A. to pierce or cut. In Surgery, to open a wound witli a lancet, l^c. LA'NCET, S. [lancette,YtJanc€tta, Ital.J a fine fmall furgeon's knife or inrtrument, ftrait pointed, two edged, and ufcd in open- ing veins, &c. To LANCH, V. A. [kncer, Fr. corruptly written launch\ to throw like a javelin. To dait or throw. LAND, S. [land, land, Sax,] a country. Earth, oppcfed to water. The ground or furface of a place. " RoU'd— along iheland,^' Pope. Ufcd in the plural for an eibte con- fjfting in land. Figuratively, a nation or people. " The /jw<i bchcvcd." D>yd. To LAND, V. N. to fet on Diore from a fl»ip or other vcllel. Neuterly, to come to ihorc from a (hip or other veliel. LA'NDED, Adj. fet on fhore from a (hip ; having a fortune confifting in lands. LA'NDFALL, S. in Law, a fudden tranf- lation of property in I-uids by the death of a perfon. Among Mariners, the aetion of fall- ing in with the land. LA'ND-FLOOD, S. an inimdation, or overflowing of land. " Looked like a Lmd- " Jlccd,^' Chi rend. LA'ND-FORCES, S. forces or foldicrs ufcd on land. LA'ND-HOLDER, S. one whofe fortune confids in lands. L.VND JOBBER, S. otte who dewls in buying or felling l;inds. LA'.NDGR.AVE, S [bmWraff, Tent, lartd &n^ gruff, Teut.jiGermani title of dominion. LAN LA'NDIKG. or LA'NDLVG-PLACE, S. the nppermofi (Icp of a pair of flairs, or the floor of the room yon afcend upon ; a place where perfons come to ("iioie from a Ihip or boat. LA'NDLADY, S. a woman who has te- nants holding under her 5 the miftrefs of a public houfe. LA'NDLESS, Adv. withsnt property or fortune. " A lift of /audi, fs refolutes." !^fak: LA'NDLOCKED, Adj'. fluit in or inclofed with land. LA'NDLOPER, S. [/aridmi bope«,'&t\g.\ a land man : ufcd by feamen as a term of reproach to thofe who pafs theii lives on (ho re. LA'NDLORD, S. an owner of lands and houfes, who has tenants under him j the mafter cf a public houfe. LA'ND-MARK, S. any tiling fet up to prefcrve and mark the boundaries of lands _ LA'ND.SGAPE, S. {landftap, Belg.j ths view or profpeifl of a country. In Painting, a piece reprefenting fome rural orchampaigri fubjccfl.fuch as hills, vales,rivcr.s and feats, &V. LA'ND-TAX, S. a tax laid upon lands and houfes. LA'ND-WAtTER, S. an officer of ths cnflorii-houie, fet to watch goods, to prevent their being landed wifhout paying duty. L^'NUWARD, Adv. towards the land. LANE, S. {lacn, Belg. lar.a. Sax.] a nar- row way between hedges. In cities, a nar- row paflage witli houfes on each fide, t'ome- what broader than an ajley, and not fo wide as a flreet. LA'NGUAGE, S. [Fr. lingua, Lat.] a fet of words, agreed upon l)y any peculiar peo^ pic, to communicate their thoughts with % (tile ; peculiar manner of cxprcilion. LA'iMGUAGEO, Adj. ha.ing various lan- guages. " Many /i7;7T«^^V nations." Fupe, LA'NGUAGE-M A:iTER,S. [now written Mafi:r of langvagei. from Mai^jrs dcs lajiguesf Fr.] one who profefles to teach foreign lan- guages. LA'NGUET, S. \_languette, Fr.] any thing cut in the form of a tongue, LA'NGUID, Adj. [L,vg'y,dus, Lat.j want- ing force, firengthj or fpirit.'i. Figuratively, dull; heartlefs ; wanting ou'rage. " Fire " their languid fouls." AdidiJ'. LA'NGUIDLY, Adv. in aweak or feel>I«5 manner. LA'NGUIDNESS, S. the quality or ftatfi of wanting ftrengih, courage, or fpirits. To LA'NGUISH, V. N. [hi:guir, Fr. languco, Lat. j to grow feeble; to pine away \ to lofe fpirits or (Irength ; to lofe vigour } to bedcjcifted, or to (ink and pine under for- row, or any (low confuming pafllon ; to fook at with melting affedlioli, fofinefs, and ten* dernefs. LA'NGUISH, S. any foft, lender, weak, or feeble appearance. ? p a LA'aNJ" LAP T.A'NGUISHINGLY, Adv. weakly ; fee- bly; vvuh Feeble tcndtrnefs. Dully, teJiouIly, applied to time. " How langui fiAngly the weeks are part." Sidney. Ij'A'NGUISHME;>i F, S. the flate of pin ing either with f jme flow paffion or difcafc ; a foft and melting 'ook of tendernefs. LA'NGUOR, S. [languor, Lat. hrgueur, Fr.j in Medicine, a f.iintnefs aiifing from want or dec.iy of fpiiits. LANK, Adj. [Jlartke, Belg. ^oUnk, Tcut.] loofe i ruTibcv , wanting slifTwefs ; not curled but hanging ftrait applied to hair. Meagre ; dander, faint orlan^id. " Reat'd her lank head." Mut. LA'NKNESS, S. the quality or ftate of be- in? thin, meagre, or flender. The quality of hanging down flraight without curls, ap- plied to hair. LA'NX'F.R, S. [Jankr, Fr. lanariui, Lat.] a fpecies of hawk. LA'NSCi'"-' ENET, S. [Fr. lance and knecht, Tent.] a German foot loldierj a game at cards. - LA'NTERN, S. [hrtcme, Fr. latitcnia, Lat. erroneoufly Written /j;j/'/jwnJ a tranfpa- rent cafe in which a candle or other light jiiay be carried about; a light-houfe, or JiTht hung out to guide fhips, A dczrk lavtem, is a lantern fitted with a moveable llider, which, by being turned round, intercepts the light of the candle. Magic lanter?tf^n optics, is a macliiiie, which, in a darkened room, re- prefcats various figures on a wall. Lautcrn- -,2ivs, a term ufed to cxprefs a meagre coun- /tenance. LANU'GO, S. [Lat.] in Botany, down, cr that foft hairy or woolly covering which grows on the leaves, Itulks, or fruit of plants; as on the le;'ves of the rofe, campion, or the tVuir of the peach-tree. LAJ^U'GINOUS, Adj. [lamiglnofus, Lat.] downy ; covered with foft hair. Sec La- riigo. LAP, S, [lappf, Sax. Ia;fe, Teut.] the loofe part of a garment, which may be dou- bled at pleafure ; that part of the cloaths that is fpiead over the thighs as a perfon fits do'vn, and will hold any thing laid on it, without letting it roll off"; that part of the body, which is parallel to the feat of a chair when a perfon hts down. To LAP, V. A. to wrap or twift round any thing, ufed with ro-jnd, in, or aUut \ to cover, wrap, tT involve in any thing. Neu- terly, to he fpread fo as to double over. 7o LAP, V. N. [Iappiar.,^-Ji%. tamper, Fr.] to drink, by licking up with the tongue. LA'P-DOG, S. a little dog, fo called, bfciufe indulged by the ladies to lie in their laps. LA'PFUL, S. as much as can be contained in the lap. LA'PIDARY, S. \Iapi<.'.a:rc, Fr.]cn:v\ho »n:'.e or dials in precious ftcnis» LAP LATIDARY, Adj. belonging to or pro- per for a Itone. LA'PJDEOUS, Adj. [lapideui,Ux.} fto- ney ; of the nature of ftone. LAPIDE'SCENP, S. [lapidefcens, from, lapidefco, Lat.] a ftoney concretion. LAPIDESCENT, .S. [lapidcfcem, Lat ] growing or turning to flone. LAPIDI'r IC, Adj. {lapidifijue, Fr.] form- ing flones. " Atoms of the lapidijic as " well as faline principle.'' Grcio. LAPIDIFICA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of forming flones. LA'PIDIST, S. [of /tf/H, Lat] one that deals in precious ftoncs. " An ordinary lapi- " diji:' Ray. LA'PIS, S. [Lat.] a ftone, Lapii Laxul:, or azure ftone, is a copper ore, fo hard and compact as to take a higk poli.li. LA'PLAND, the northern part of Sweden, It is fubuivided into Danilh, Swedifh, and Mufcovite Lapland. We Ihall here treat only of Swedilh Lapland, after obferving in ge- neral, that all the country which lies above the Bothnic gulph along the coaft of the North Tea, even to the White or Frozen fea, is called Lapland, in Latin Lappia or Lappo- wa. Swedilh Lapland is the molt confiderable of the three; and the oi'.ly one which i^ tolerably peopled, confidering the extreme coldnefs of the climate. It is beunded on the N. by Danilh Lapland, on the E. by Muf- covite Lapland, and on the S. E. and S. by Bothnia, Angcrmannia, and Jtmpterland ; and on the W. it is feparated from Norway by a ridge of mountains. Its greattfl extent from E. to W. is about 360 miles ; and in breadth it extends from lat. 65 deg. 30 min. to Cg deg. N. but neither its length nor breadth arc equal every where, it being nearly in the form of a horfe (hoe. It is divided in- to fix provinces or diftriiffs ; which are, An- germanland-lapmark, Uma-lapmark, Pitha- lapmark, Lula-lapmark,T(jrno-lapmark, and Kimi-lapmark ; each province borrowing its name from the principal river which waters it. The ancients, to whom the name of Lappia was unknown, called the inhabitants of this country Scritofinni. They at fird in- habited Finland, from which they were driven more northward.':, and hence called Lapps ; but the inhabitants themfelves look- ing upon that as a name of reproach, call themfelves Sabmienladti. 1 hey are generally not above four feet and a half high, and fome even under. Moll of the men are hemely, and ftoop, having hollow and blear- ed eyes, a fiiort flat nofe, and broad face : but they are fwift, nimble, and fo Jlrong, that a Norwegian is not able to bend their bows above one half. The women have a complexion mixed with a natural red and white-, which is not difagrceable. They are fuperftitious, cowardly, and timorous, alio hally and pafConate 3 the women efpecially ; L A R and arc fo exceflively indolent, that tliey neither go a bunting nor fifliing, till their povilions are quite fpent. Lapland is fo near the pole, that the fun does not fet in wmmer, nor rife in winter ; at which latter leafon the cold is fo intenfe, that none but the natives can bear it. The more rapid livers are then frozen up, and the ice two or three, and fonietimes four or five feet thick. In funimer the weather is quite fultry, but qualified by fca-vapours, and by the fnow ct)ntinuing allfummeron the mountain-tops, Cft. but autumn and fpring are unknown in this country. The iky is generally ferenc, and the air healthy, as being agitated by very boifcerous winds, which blow licre almolt continually. Here is a prodigious number of wild- beafts, as flags, bears, wolves, foxes of various colours, martens, hares, glittens, beavers, otters, elk, and rein deer ; the latter is lefs than a ftag. LA'PPER, S. one who wraps or laps up : one who laps or licks. LA'PPET, S. [a diminutive if /af] the parts of a head-drcfs that hang loofe. LAP3E, S. [/^/^vj, Lat.] a flow or fall of water from a lliglier place. Figuratively, a fmall error or miltake. In Canon Law, a lofs of right, or tranlLition of it from one to another. " A devolution, or /aj.j'e ot " right." Jylrffl: To LA'PSE, V. N. to glide (lowly, to fall by degrees. To /apfe itiie the barbarity " of the Northern nations." Sivift. To fail in any thing; to flip j to be guilty of a fmall or trivial fall through inadvertency or mhtake. " Homer— has hfjed into the " burlefque." SpcB. To lofc or let flip the proper time. " The appellants lupjmg the " term of law." /lyliffe. To fall by the neg- ligence of one poneflbr to another. " It ♦' lafl'ei to the king. Ayhffc. To fall from perfection, truth, or faith. LA'PWiNG,S. a clamorous bird, fo nam- ed from the length and lapping of the wings. LA'PVVORK, S. work in whicli one part is lapped or folded over another. " Wrought " by a kind of laptvork." Grcic-, LA'RBOARD, S. the left hand fide of a (hip, when you (land with your face towards the held. LA'RCENY, S. [hrdn, Fr. fiom latrcd- tihiw, Lat.] the felonious taking away a per- lon's goods in his abfence. Great larcenv is ■when the goods are above the value of izd. Pcfy lurceny is when the value of the goods 4(olen does not amount to i2d. LARCH, S. f/<7W;t, Lat.] a tree, which growing on the Po, and flicdding gum, is fuppofcd to have been the tree into which the lifters of Phaeton were metamorphofed. LARD, S. [Fr. lardum, Lat.] the greafc of fwine ; bacon, or the He(h of fwinc. " The *' fmoaking/flr(/." Dryd. Tc LAKU, V. A. llardcr, Fr.] to fluff LAS with bacon ; to ni.-?ke fat. '« LarJs tiie Icn.n " earth as he walks." Shak. Figuratively, to mix with fcmething elfe by vvay of im- provement. " Larded witll many feveral " reafons." Shak, LA'RDER, S. [larder, old Fr.] the room where meat is kept or faltcd. LA'RDERER, S. one who has the charge of the Idrder. LA'i^DON, S. [Fr.] a bit of bacon, LARGE, Adj. [large, Fr. largus, Lat.] bulky, or of great demenfions; wide or ex- tenfive ; liberal, abundant, or plentiful. In a diffulTive manner applied to (tile. " Debated " at large." J'f'titts. LA'RGELY, Adv. in a wide or extenfive manner. In a copious or dilfufe manner, applied to flile. In a liberal, or bountiful manner, applied to giving. Abundantly, plentifully, or without reftraint. LA'RGF.NCSi, S. extent, bulk, or fpaci- oufnefs, applied to place. Greatnefs or ele- vation, applied to the mind. Extent or bulk, applied to things. LA'RGESS, S. [largejji, Fr.] a prefent, gift, or bounty. LA'RIVIER, S. [larme, Fr.] in Architec- ture, a fiat fjuare, maffive member of the cornice, hetwtcn the cymatium andtheovelo, fo called from its ufe ; which is to difperfe water, and caufe it to fall at a diftance from the wall drop by drop, or as it were by tears. LARK, S. [laiicrce, .Sax. krk, Dan.j abird which matesitsnefl onthcgrpund, and fiugs as it niouiiis in the air. LA'RKER, S. one who catches larks. LA'RKSPUR,S. a flower fo called from its refembllng the fpur of a lark. LA'RUM, S. [larivw, Brit.] any noife made to excite attention, and give notice of danger; a clock which makes a noif at any particular hour to which its itjdex is efet. LARYNGO' rOMY, [from \a^vy^^ and rijxvu), Gr. J in Surgery, an operation where the fore part of a larynx is oivided, to allift refpiraticn during large tumours in the uppc; parts, as in thequinley. LA'RYNX, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the upper part of the wind-pipe, which is one of the organs of refpiration, as well as the prin- cipal inftrument of the voice. LASCI'VIOUS, Adj. [lafci-uius, Lat.] lewd j wanton ; behaving with too great libq-ty to the other fex; foft j effeminate. " The " lajd-uifius pleafnig of a lute." bhak. LA.sCrvIOUSNESS.S. tlicqualityof dlf- covering lewdnefs or lult, cither in behaviour or words. LA^C^VIOU.SLY, Adv. lewdly ; in a wanton or loofe manner. LASH, S. [lajka, Pol.] a ftrokc or blow given with a v\hip, or any thing pliant and tough ; the thong of a whip with which a blow is given. Figuratively, a flioke of cenfuje or reproach, P p 3 To L A T L A T To LASH, V. A. to (Irike with a whip.j LATE, Adj. {lat, Sax. latt, Belg,] that Of any thing pliant ; to move with a fuddcn which is longer than it fhffuld be, or not fo fpring or jerk ufcd with i-^; " LaJkhiguf/h\s\{oon as cxpe(fttd ; laft in anyplace, office. heels." Diyil. To beat, fo as to make fliarp found, like the lath of a whip, applied to tlie beating of waves agiinll a ihore. A- mong Mari:iLrs, to tieor faften two things to- gether with a rope or cord. Figuratively, to fcourge with fitire. LA'SHER, S. one who whips, ladies, or fa- tirizes. LASS, S. [according to Dr. Hicks, from lad, is formed tiie feminine laddej;, which is contracted into iaj's] a. girl, maid, or young woman. LA'SSITUDE, S. wearinefs or a lofs of vigour and firength by excelTive labour. In Medicine, appiird to that wearinefs which proceeds from a diflcmpered flate, and not from exercife, which wants no remedy but rert. LASSLORN, Adj. forfaken by a miOrefs or lover. " The difmiflcd bachelor loves — " being lajuorn." Shak. LAS r, Adj. [latefl, Sz-i. fuperlativc of Aire] after all orlicrs ; utmoft. " Their laj} endea- '* vour Ijeiid — t'outlhine eacii other." Dryd, At l-ill ; at the end ; in conclufion. " Rull ♦' to a point, and fix at lajl.^' Friend. To LAST, V. N. Ibftjn, S»x.] lo conti- nue ; to endure. LAST, S. [laji, Sax.] a mould on which fhoes are made; a load. A hft of cod fifh, v.hite herrings, meal, and afhes for foap is 12 barrels ; of corn or rape feed 10 quarters ; of gunpowder, 24 b.irrels, 24001b. weight ; of red herrings 20 cades; of hides 12 dozen ; of l?-tlicr 20 dickers; of pitch or tar 14 barrels; of wool 12 facks ; of flockfifh 10 ^ ; and a lajl of flax or featheis contains 1700 lb vveigiit. LA'STAGE, S. [lejiage, Fr,] cuftom paid for goods fold by the lall, for freightage, or the ballaft of a Ihip. LA'STJNO, Part, continuing; durable j of along continuance, wearing a long while. LA'.S TI.N'GLY, Adv. durably; perpetu- ally. LA'STLY, Adv. in the laft place ; at laH; in the condulion . LATCH, S. [lefle, Belg. hcao, Ital.] the latch of a door, which is moved either by a ftring or handle. To LATCH, V. A. to faflcn by a latch. Figuralively, to faften or clofe. " Hafl thou *'/j.'i7jVthcAthenian's eyes with love juice V' Siak. L.VTCHES, S in a fhTp, fmal] lines like loops, falfened by fewing into the bonnets and drablcrs of a fliip, in older to lace the bonnets to the courfcs, or the drablers to the bonnets LATCHET, S. {hett, Fr. Inccio, Ital.] the ftring with wliich ihocs or findsb were faf- icncd charader, or time ; deceafed, or dead, when prefixed to a perfon's name. " His late Ma- " jcfly George the fecond." Far advanced in the day or night. LATE, Adv. after long delays ; after a long time ; after its proper time ; not long ago. " The laic imprifoned young." Pope. At an unfeafonable hour, or far advanced in the day or night. LA'TED, Adj. belated; furprized by the night. LATELY, Adv. at fometimc not long pafl. LA'TENESS. S. any time or feafon far advanced, or juff expiring. LA' TENT. Adj. [later.s, Lat,] hidden, concealed ; fecret. LATER, -Adj. [comparative of late'\ happening after a particular period, or after foniething elfc. " The account of tlie battle " came later from the Hague than from " Hamburgh." LA'TERAL, Adj. [latera, Lat. J growing out on the fide ; belonging to, or by the fide ; placed or acting in a dlre£lion perpen- dicular to the horizon. LATERA'LITY, S. the quality of hav- ing didinifl fiJes. " A right and left late- " ra/ity.''' Brmun. LATERA'LLY, Adv. by thefides ; fide- wife. A LA'TERE, a title applied to fnch car- dinals as are the pope's counfellors in ordina- ry, and alliflants. LA'TE\VARD,Adv. [from late andivearj, Sax.] fomething late, or unfeafonable. LATH, S. [Ltta, Sax. lath, Brit.] inEuild- ing, a long, thin, narrow Hip of wood, gene- rally nailtd on the rafters of a roof, tofuflain the tiles or other covering ; a part of a.coun- ty, fomething larger th..n a tything, and lefs than an hundred, from luth, Sax. To LATH, V. A. to fit up with laths. LA'THE, S. a turner's engine, by which he turns about his matter, in order to (hape it v;ith a chizel. To LATHER, V. N. [kthrian, Sax. la- •ueure, Fr.] to fi^rm a froth or foam ; to make water froth with foap ; to cover with frpth made by foap and water. LA'THER, S. a foam or froth made by beating or agitating water with which foap is mixed. L'^'TIN, Adj. [lat'im.!, Lat.] written or fpoken in the language of theantientRomans. LA'TIN, S. a tranllation performed in La- tin, and agreeable to the rules and idioms of that tongue ' LA'TINISM, S. [lat'tnifme, Fr ] a manner of exprefHon peculiar to the Latin tongue. LA'TINIST, S one cdpable cf writing or ffC'.king Latin in its purity,' ar;d acquainted j with L A U with the beauties of the authors that have written in that, language. LATl'NITY, S. [!atimte,Fi:/ati>i!tas,L!it.] the purity of Latin iHle. To LA'TINIZE, V. A. \l<:fimfer, Fr.] to ufe words or phrafes in another language that are borrowed from the Latin. LA'TISH, Adj. foineu hat late; fomewhat advanced in the ninjit. LATIRO'STOUS, Adj. [from latus, Lat. and roflrum, Lat. J havine; a broad beak. LATITAT, S. [Lati^he lies hid] in Law, a writ, which iflucs out of tlie King's Bench, fo called from a fuppofition thatthe defendant kirks ov Tiet hid, and cannot be found in the county of Middlcfcx, Init is lied to fonie other county, to the fiierift" whereof this writ is di- rpfted, commanding him to apprehend the defendant there. Fhx. Nat. Brev. LA'TiTUDE, S. [Fr. latltudo, Lat.] breadtli or width j in bodies of unecjual di- menfions the ihorted fpace between the two extremes of its fui face, or the meafurc of a ftrait line drawn through its ends. " Provided *' the length doth not exceed the /a^/rwd'c." Wottcn. Room, fpace, or extent ; the extent of the earth or heavens meafured from the equator to either pole ; the diftance of a place' from the equator, either north or fouih, or an arch of the meridian, comprehended between the zenith of a place and the equator; unre- ftrained or unlimited acceptation ; freedom from any ftttled rules ; extent orcomprehen- Tion of any art or ftience. He is out of his la- titude, a figurative expreflion, implying that a perfon is in a place he is ignorant of, or that he is bundling a fubjcd beyond his abilities or co.mprshenlion. L ATI TU D I N.'VRI.^ N, Adj . [latitudinaire, Fr.Jnot confined or reftrained, either with rtrpe(fl to a(?lions or opinions. LATlTUDlNARlAN.S.aperfon not con- forming to any particular opinion or ftandard. LA'TRANT, Adj. [Vd/r^Ks.Lat.] barking. " 'Ihc.ldtrant race," Tickle. . L.VTTER, Adj. not lo.ig done or pafl ; towards the lad; mentioned the laft in order. " The difTcrcnce between reafon and rcvela- •' lion, and in what fenfe the latter is fupe- " rior " IVatts. LA'TTICE, S. [/ar,-;'i,Fr.] a window made of flicks or iron bars crofling each other at fniall diftances. 1 o LATTICE, V. A. to mark with crofs flrokes like a lattice ; to make with flicks or bars eroding each other at fniall diftances. LAVA'TION, S. [h-vaiio, Lar.] the a^ of wafhing. " The folemn day of her la-va- " tion.^'' llajkciv. LAVATORY, S. ff.om la-vo, Lat.l in Medicine, a walh ; fomc liquid with whicli difcafcd parts arc wafhcd, '• Lavatories to walh " the temples." llar-jcy, LAUD, S. [laus, laudis, Lat.] the aft of praifing for any good, beutvoknt, or noble L A U deed. In Divinity, that part of divine wor- Ihip which confills in praife. To LAUD, V. A. \Iaudo, Lat.] to praife; to acknowledge or mention with a fenfe of gratitude. LAU'DABLE, Adj, [laudnhiBs, Lat ] wor- ihy of pr.dfe or cummendatioH. ■ LAUD.'^NUM, S. a medicine compofed of opium, (:jjc. To LAVE, V A. [la-vo, Lat.] to wafti or bathe in any liquid ; to throw up j to lave, or fcoop out water ; from Uver, Fr. To LAVE'ER, V- A. to change the di- recflion often in a courfe. " Againft ilitl' gales " la-uccrinf go.'" Dryd. LA'VER, S. [,W«V, Fr.] a veflel to walh any tiling in. To Laugh, v. N. [pronounced in this word and its dcrivjlives h^jf \ lahan, Sax.j to make a loud and interrupted noife of fud- den merriment or mirth. Figuratively, to appear gay, favourable, pleafant, or fo as to caufe joy. " '1 hen laughs the childilli year " with ttow'rets crown'd." Diyd. Actively, to di ride ; to ridicule or mock. LAUGH, S. [lacb, Belg ] an uninterrupt- ed found, canted by any objecTt which excites fiiddtn mirth. LAU'GHABLE, Adj. proper to be I.iughed at; caufaig laughter." A /a«p/i»7/)/f writer.' Dr. LAU'GHER, S. a perion fond of mirth, or eafily provoked to laughter. LAU'GHINGLY. Adv. in a meny man- ner ; with great pleafuitry or mirih. LAU'GHINGSTOCK, S. abut; an oh- jecH: of contempt or ridicule. LaU'GHTI'R, S. [hleahter, Sax.] an ex- preflion of fudden miith, occafioued by aron- vuhive motion of the pra^cordia and mufMes of the mouth and f.ice ; a continued expul- fion of breath, with a loud noifc, and llrakin^' of the bread and fides. LA'VISH, Adj. generous or liberal fo ex- cefs ; fcatlercd in walie j profufe Tigura- ilvcly, wild or nnreftiained. " Curbing his " Iw^uf? fpiiir." ^•l.ak. To LA'VJ SH, V. A, towafle extravagant- ly ; to be profufe. LA'VISHER, S. a prodigal or profufe perfon . LA'VISH LY, Adv. in an extravagant or prodigal manner; witli iiich a d(-gree of lihe- ralily, as borders on exccfs and indifcrction. LA'ViSliMEN'J", or LA'VI.SIINESS, S. an»extravagant, prodigal, or iiidhcreet walling or giving away what belongs to a peti'on. 'lo LAUNCH, V. N. \1ar.ccr, elamcr, Fr. lanciari, l.at.] to foiceoiit to fea, ^^ Launch " farther into the Of can " Locke. To rove at large ; ti) expatiate ; to be dilTufed, app'ied to (lile. '' Liuituhcd out into a long oration." Biootiic. A^ively, to put or rulh to fea. To dart fiom' tlic hand. " T.tiunding iiom the " iky — his writhen bolt." Dr-fl. L.-iU'NDRESS, S. [from Uvr^i peculiar P p 4 kind LAX kind of linen, and drcfs'] a womm employed in wafning linen, LAU'NDRY, S. a room wherein linen is ■wafhed or ironed. LA'VOLT, S. \lai.-o/!a, Ital. Li voUe, Fr.] fin old danffe, which conl'ifted in a variety oi tvirnings and caperings ■, a caper. " I cannot " fing — nor h«:l the high !-ji.'cIt" Shak. LALWRKT, Adj. [burea!:.i, Lit.J decked with laurel ; crowned with iaurel. A Poei Laureat, is one who is in pay from the king, and makes the odes which are perforiTied be- fore him on his birth-djy, and on the begin - ni;ig of the new year. LAU'REL, S. [laurkr, Fr. lawu!, Lat.J a tree, fometimcs called the cherry bay. LaU'RELLEDj Adj crowned or adorned with lanrel. LAW, S. [laga, hh. Sax lo\, Fr. la-zvgh, Erfe ; low^ D;in. lawwe, Eelg.] a rule of ac- tion ; a precept orcommand coming from a fuperior authority, w^hich an inferior is bound to obey; a judicial procefs ; any thing obliged to be done; an invariable conformity or corre- fpondence between a caufe and effccl. " The •' lazui of nature." To take the to'', implies to enter an action againfV a perfon. LA'WFUL, Adj. agreeable to law ; that which may be done without violating the pre- cepts of fupcrior authority, or incurring any punifhment. L.A'WFULLY, Adv. in a manner con- formable to law. LA'V/GIVER, S. a legiflator, or one who has authority to m^ke laws ; a fupreme ma- giftrate. L.VWGIVING, Adj. leginative.orenaft- ing laws. LA'WLESS, Adj. unreflrained by any law ; contrary to law. LA'WLESSLY, Adv. in a manner con- trary to law. LA'WMAKER, S. a legiflator, or one who makes laws. LAWN, S. [land, Dzn. lj-u-?ijbn, Eritt. Ijndc, Fr.] in open fpace or plain between woov's ; fine linen, remarkable for being ufed in the lleeves of a bilhop's robes. LA'WSUIT, S. a procefs or adion in law. LA' WYER, S. a counfellor, or one that is (killed in the law, 2 Keb. 148 ; at prefent pivcn, by courtefy, as a compliment to an ■■ attorney. LAX, Adj. [laxnt. Lat.] without reftraint, or not confined. " inhabit lax, ye powers of " heaven." Par. Loji. Not compacfl, or not having its parts (Irongly or clofely joined. " Like /<7.rfr matter." ^/'caWw. Vague, not ac- curate, ex3cl, or compofed with any caution. *' Lax and moral difcourfes." Boi- In Me- dicine, loofe in body, or frequently going to flool ; Hack, or not drained. " The lax *' membrane." Holder. L.AXA'TION, S. the a£\ of loofening or (lackening; the ijatc of being loofened or I Juckened, J LAY LA'XATIVE, Adj. [laxat;/, Fr.] in Me- dicine, having the power to remove cofHve- nefs. or to mukc K ofe. LAXATIVE, S. in Medicine, a rftnedy that purges or removes coftivenefs. LA''XATlVENES^,S.the quality or power of curing or removing coflivenefs. LA'XrrY, .S. [laxiias, Lat,] the ftate of a body whofe parts are not ftiongly comparted, but may eafily be fcparated, flacknefs or loofe- nef';; opennefs. Vagnenefs, applied to the dif- ferent fenfes in which words are iifed. LA'XNESS, S. loofenefs ; vaguencfs. In Medicine, a loofe habit of body. To LAY, V. A. f preter. laid, part. p.ifTive liiin ; from kgin, liggai:, Sax.] to place along upon the ground. 1 o beat down, applied to corn or grafs. To put or place. To fix deep, applied to foundation. 1 o put into any Ibte, " Lay afleep." Bar. To calm, ftill, quiet or allay, applied to winds or ftorms. To hinder a fpe(?lre or fpirit from walking. " To lay the " devil." VEjlr. Tofet on a table, applied to food. " I laidmeM unto them." HcJ. xi. 4, To depofit money in a wager. To bring forth eggs or young, applied to birds. To apply w iih violence, joined with fiege. To fcheme, contrive, or plan, applied to plots, projefts, &'c. In Law, to exhibit or otfer," joined with irdi&visnt, " He la\i his ivdiFtment in fome •' certain county." Atterb. Ufed with a/fl; /■, to rejert or put away. " Lay apart all filthi- " nefs." James i. 21. Ufed with before, to expofe to view ; to fhew ; to difplay. To lay Ly, to keep'or rcferve for fome future occafjon. " Let ever^' one lav by him in ftore." i. Cor. xvi. 2. Ufed with dcivn, to depofit as a pledge, equivalent or fatisfaftion, generally followed hy for ; to quit or refigii. " Laid " doiuntheUvorA.'" Phck. To lie long abed in order to fleep or repofe. " I will lay me do'zvn " in peace." PJalm xiviii. To place in a de- cent pofture, applied to a corpfe. " Embalm " me, then lay me forth." Shak. To lay hold of to feize, catch, or apprehend. To lay in, to keep as a referve ; to (lore or treafure. " To " lay /rtimelyprovifions." AddiJ. To charge witli ; to accnie of ; to impute. " Z-aj the " fault on us." Shak. To layout, to fpend or pay away ; applied to money. To plan or difpofe. " The garden is laid out into a " grove." Brocr-.e. Ufed with to or iir.to, to charge upon, or impute. " It would belaid " to MS." Stai. Ufed with uf, to confine, ap- plied to difeafes. '* Laid up by that difeafe." Temple. To referve (lore or treafure againfl fome future tim^. " Fathers are wont to lay " up for their fons." Milt. Ufed with upon, to impute or charge, applied to faults. " Far " from layir:g a blot upon Luther." Atterh. To impofe or infiift, applied to punifhment. " A punilliment laid upon Eve." Locke. Ufed with or, to flrike, or beat furioufly. " Hclays " me on." Dryd. To ufe or take meafures. " 1 laid out for intelligence." Wudiv. * LAY, LEA LAY, S. [At, leag. Sax.] grafly grouiid ; a Tneadow ground unplow«J, and kept tor cat tie. " A mill of (.laifics on a flow'iy /jy." Dryd. LAY, S. [/fy, Scot, by, Fr.] a fong or po- em. " Tun'd her foft Ayj." Par. Loft. LAY, Adj. [lu-cus, Lat. Xaa:, Gr.J be- longing to tiie people who follow trades and ilcuiar bufinefs, LA'YER, S. a bed ; a row or ftratum of earth, or any other body fpread over ano- ther. In Botany, a fpiig, ftalk, or branch of a plant, which is layed under the mould, in order to take root and propagate ; a hen that lays eggs. LA'YMAN, S. one who follows any trade, and is not in orders, oppofed to a clergyman. In Painting, an image to draw by. LA'ZAR, S. [from Lazarus, mentioned in St. Luke~\ a perfon afflifted with filthy and peiHlential fores and difeafes \ a leper. LAZARE'TTO, or LA'Z AR-HOUSE, S. [laxaret, Fr. laxuiretto, Ital.] an hofpital or houfe for the reception of the difeafed. LA'ZILY, Adv. in an idle, inaiflive, flug- gifli, or heavy manner. LA'ZINESS, S, idlenefs ; ftothfulnefs ; fluggiihnefs ; an unwillingnefs to apply to bufinefs or labour. LAZU'LI, S. [Ital. axme] a ftone, the ground of which is blue, fpotted, and veiaed with wliite, and gliftening metallic yellow : ufcd much among the painters, under the name of uhramarlKe. LA'ZY, Adj. [lufer, Dan. lac-he, Fr.] a per- fon rinwilling,orflowand tedious in working. LEA, S. [He, Brit, ley. Sax. leap-, Sax.] un- plowed ground. See Lay. LEA'CHER, S. [Icckcr, Teut.] a luRful perfon ; one much addiifled to women. LEA'CHEROUS.Adj. luftful; libidinous. LEA'CHERY, S. [Icckay, Teut.] luftful- nefs ; incontinei»ce. LEAD, S. [this word, as well as its deri- vatives, are pronounced led; from la-d, Sax. loot, Bclg. lot, Teut,] one of the foftell, moft du(ftile, and moH heavy metals next to gold, very fiibjed to ruft, diflblved by the weakefl: acids. To LEAD, V. A. to fit or cover with lead. To LEAD, V. A. fthis word and its de- rivatives are pronounced leed,^xetcv.kd; from Itrdan, Sax.] to conJucft or guide by holding a perfon's hand ; to conduct to any place ; to go before any body of men, as a commander ; tn guide, or to (hew a perfon the* metliod of attaining any thing. Ufed with on, to draw on, entice, or allure. '• Lrad\\\m on with a •' fine baited delay." Shak. To induce or per- fuade by fomeplcafing motive. In Gaminfj, toplayfirft.i ^ LEA'DEN, S, [pronounced leden\ from had, and rt'.Sii,^.] made of lead. Figuratively, LEA heavy ; unwilling, or motioniefs. " If he " be leaden, icy, cold." Shak. LEA'DER, S .[pronunced krdcr] one that goes before to (liew the way to another. A captain, or commander, applied to an army. One at the head of any party or fadion. "En- " flaved by three or four leaders.."' Sivift. LEA'DING, Part, [from /^.j^ the verb] principal, or chief. " The fliape is t.he leading " quality." Locke L£ A'D IN G-STRINGS,S. firings by which children are held when taught to walk. LEAF, S. [plural leai/cs ; from leaf, Sax.J apart of a tree or plant extended into length and breadth j the mofl extreme part of a branch, and the ornament of tJie twigs, con- filling of a very glutinous matter, and fui- nilhed every where with veins and nerves. Its office is to fubtilize and give more fpirit to the fap, and convey it to ^he buds. la Hooks, it is a part containing two pages. One fide of a double or folding door j the flap of a table ; any thing beaten thin : hence leaf gold and lilvcr. To LEAF, V. N. to produce or bear leaves. " Trees— would /f^about foKHce." Brown. Not in ufe. LEA'FLESS, Adj. without, or deprived of leaves, LEA'FY, Adj. full of leaves. LEAGUE, S. [pronounced iecg ; from Ugufy Fr.] a confederacy; a combination, or an al- hance entered into between princes and dates for their mutual aid and defence. To LEAGUE, V. N. t© unite ; to confe- derate or enter into an alliance for mutual aid and defence. LEAGUE, S. {legua, Span, lega, Ital,] a meafure cf length by land and fca, containing about three miles. LEA'GUEO, Adj. confederated; united by an alliance for mutual defence and aid. LEA'GU ER, S. [legger, Dan. hgher, Belg.] a fiege or invcftment of a town. LEAK, S, [leek, Belg.] a brunch or hole which lets water into a fliip, and out of a bar- rel or other vefiel. To ffr'wg a leak, among mariners, is when a ihip receives fome damage, by which water may enter. To LEAK, V. N. to let water in or out ; to drop through a breach, " I-M/Cmt fire." Dryd. LEA'KAGE, S. the flate of a veflTtl that lets water in or out through fome breach; an allowance of jz per cent, in the cuiloms, to importers of wine, for wafte and damage it may be fuppofed to have received in its paf- fage ; likewife an allowance of two barrels in twenty-two made by the officers of excifc to brewers of ale and beer. LEA'KY, Adj. full of breathes or chinks which let water in, applied to fliips ; but full of chinks which let water out, applied to b.mcJs, To LEA To LEAN, V. A. [pronounced /^vi/pretcr leaned, or leant ; H'u-.an, Sav.. Icnen, Bel^ ] to reflagainft; tobein a bendingpoflLire. Figu- nitivcly, to have a tendency, inclination, or propcntity. LEAN, Adj. [hlane, lane, Sax.] thin, or wanting fat or fleih. LEAN, S. that part of flefh which i<; en- tirely minl'ulou.':, without any fat. LE.VNLY, Adv. wanting fat or ficlh ; meagerlv ; thinly. LEA'NNESS, S. want of flelh; want of fat. F'guratively, want of money. " The •' kanr.rj: rf his purfe." Shak. To LEAP, V. l<i.lhla^an. Sax Ao^<>r«,Rclg ] to jump or move forwards with the fett clofe togetlier j to nifli with viol-nce; to throw the ■w hole body forwards by a fpring from any place, without any change of the feet ; to hoimd or ipring ; to fly or (Tart. To embrace or copul.'.tij, applied to beads. LE.-iP, S. a bound, I'piing, or jump; a fud- <^cn or abrupt tianfition. 1 he aft of copula- tion, applied to bcall?. LEA'P-FROG, S. a play wherein children. Je:ip over each other. LEA'P-YEAR, S. every fourth year, fo culled from its leaping or advancing a day jnore that year than any other ; fo that thc ycar has then 566, and February 29 days. See ^(fcvule. To LEARN, V. A. yniynan, or hornian, Sax.] to improve by inllruftion 5 to teach. " Had tl'.ou Hf't karnsdmehovi." Sbak. To get intelligence ; to take example from. " Learn of me." Matt. xi. 29. In many Eu- ropean languages the fame word fignifies to karn and to teach, ;. c. to gain and impart knowledge. LEA'RNED, Adj. hiving the mind im- proved by fiudy and inflruft on, by obferva- tion and reading; (killed} Ikilful j expert; knowing. LEA'RNEDLY, Adv. with great appear- ance of extenfive reading, deep rtudy, and diligent obierv.ition. LEA'RNING, S. fkill in languages or fci- cnces ; fkill in any thing. LEA'RNER, S. one uho is yet under the tuition of another ; one who is acijuiring fome a't or fcience. LE.'^SE^, S. [Ic'.Ti, Sax. la-ffcr, Fr.] a con- ix--i(\ by which houles or lands are paricd with, or granted to another, for a ccrtuin term of ytars. Figuruively, any tenure, or rigl'.t by which a peifon enjoys a thing. To LEASE, V. A. to kt nut by leafe. To l.EASE, V. A. [IHrn, fielg.J to glean, 01 gather corn that lies icntcrcd after the Ji.ii V( ft is carried in. I.,EA'SER,S. a gkancr ; one that gathcr<^ corn after the rcapcrji. LEASH, S. in Hunting, three creatures of the fame fort, applied ciilicr t*) dogs, liares, ff, anycollcftion coiidfiing of three in nimn- L E C her ; a band wherewith any thing is tieJ. To LEASH, V. A. to bind ; to couple, cr hold in a firing. '■'■Lrajht in like hounds. "^/:ak. LEAST, Adj. f the fuperlative of little, the comparative of which is Icfi, from laj}. Sax. J fmaller tlian all others ; exceeding others ia fm.-illnefs. LEAST, Adv. in the lowed degree ; lefs than any other way. yJt k'jjl, or kafttvife; to fay no more ; to mention only in the lowcft. degree. LEA'S Y Adj. flimfey ; of a weak texture. LEA'THE1< , S. f pronounced lethcr ; kther. Sax.] the hides of heiiQs drcllcd and tanned. LEA'THER-COAT, S. an apple, focalkd from the roughnefs of its tind. LEA'THER-DRESSER, S. he who drcfles hides, and makes leather. LEA'THERY, Adj. refcmbling leather. LEA'THERN, Adj. [/(</«», Teut. lidereir, Belg.] made of leather. LEA'THER-SELLER, S. one who fells leather. LEAVE, S. [Icafe, Sax.] permidion to do any thing ; allouance or confenl j farewel ; adieu; compliment or ceremony paid before a perfon's departure. To LEAVE, Adj. [preter, I kft, or ta-vt left, psrt. padive, left] to quit, abandon, de- part from, or deiert ; to appeal to, or to per- mit wi hout oppolition. " I lea-vc the reader " to judge." Lccke. To ceafe to do ; to de- fid, " Lei:fe caring for the afles." I Sam, ix. 5. To Ica-je out, to omit ; to negleft. Ufed with to, to bequeath by will. LEA'VED, Adj. covered with leaves ; made with folds. " Two iea'vcd.'" Ifai.%\v. I LEA'VEN, Adj. [pronounced lei'd ; k' ■vahi, Fr.J ferment mixed with any mafs to make it light, particularly ufed of four dough mixed in a mafs of bread. Figuratively, any mixture which makes a general change in a mafs. To LEA'VEN, V. A. to ferment with fomc- thing mixed, applied particularly to that of four dough mixed with a mafs of bread. Fi- guratively, to t^tint ; to corrupt ; or imbue. LE.\'V1NGS, S. a remnant; a refidue j relicks, applied to perfons. Offals, applied to meat. To LECH, V. A. \ lecher, Fr.] to lick oyer. " Had thou yet leched the Athenian's " eyes .'" Shak. LF.'CTION, S. [leclio, Lat.] a reading j a variety in the copies of a book. LE'CTURE, S. [Fr.] a difcourfe upon any fubjeft read or pronounced in public ; a (harp reproof or reprimand. To LECTURE, V. A. to indruain a fel; or public difcourfe ; to reprimand, or reprove in an infoient or magederial manner. LE'CTUREK , S. one who publickly pio- nounces a difcourfe on any fnl)je£l ; a perfoii who is chofen by a paridi to preach in a ciuirch on a Sunday in the afternoon, and paid by vo- luni.uy LEG luntary fubfciiption ; a perfon appointed by will to preach at a certain time, with a falarj for his trouble, LE'CTURESHIP, S. the employ or office of a le£luier. LEDGE, S. [I'eggon, Belg.] a row or layer. " The lowed icdge or row fhoiild be mf rely " of flone." Wattov, A ridge riling nbovt the other parts of a furface ; any prominence or riling part ; a final! or narrow Ihelf fixed again (1 a wall or wainfcot. LE'D-HORSE, S. afumpter or flats hcrfe. LEE, S. [lie, Fr.] dregs or fediment of 2ny liquor : fcldom uQd in the lingular. Among Sailors, that pwrt uliich is oppolite to the wind. A /ee [I:ort is that on wbicii the wind blows. LEECH, S, {kl, ox led, Goth.] a kind of vvitcr ferpenr, ufed to draw blood in fuch cafes where the lancet might not be fafe, or vvhtre it might be too much dreaded by the patient. LEEK, S. \lecc. Sax.] in Botany, the/io;-- rum : it is included in the fame clafs with gar- lic by Linnaus, but Miller makes it a diftin<[t genus, having tA-.o fpecies. LEER, S. [/ /c^/f, Sax ] a fide view ; the acfl of looking aflounce, or by a ftolen view. Figuratively, a laboured and affcdted call of the countenance. To LEER, V. N. to look at by turning the eyeballs to one corner, or by flealing a fide view ; to look at with an affcded or dif- fcmblcd calf of the countenance. LFET, S. [kt/je] a little court held with- in a manor, a'ld called the king's court, be- caufe it originally took iis authorityof punifli ing ctfences irom the crown, whence it is de- rived to inferior pcrfons. Kitcb, 6. LEE'WARD, Adj. [from /^^ and wmj-^, Sax.] oppofite the wind. See Lee. LEFT, Adj. \/,fte, Belg. from /^tus, Lat.] that fide which is oppofite to the right ; that fide of an animal on which the heart is Situated. LEFTHA'NPED.Adj.ufing the left hand more frequent. y than the tight. LEG, S. [kg, Dan. fe^gur, 1(1.1 the limb by which tie body is fupported', and by means of which we walk, beninnin<T from the knee, and reaching to the foot. Figura- tively, that by which any thing is fupported. " The/i'o-of a table, or chair." LE'G/'.CY, S. [kgatuw, L.at.] anything given by will. LE'GAL, Adj. [/ega, Lat.] done or word- ed agreeable to the laws ; lawful. LEGA'LJTY, S. | /tgalite; Fr ] the quality of being agreeable to, or confillcnt with, the laws. LE'GALLY, Adv. in a manner agreeable to, cr confident with, the laws LE'GATARY S. I h'^'2tc!rc,¥r. h-gatum, ^at.] one that has fomething left him by will. L£'GATF,S. [Agat,i't.l(gjto,hA.] a LEG deputy, anVjaffidor, or one commifTioned t» tranfKft affairs for another; a coi-nmilTioner deputed by the pope to tranfa<fl affairs belong- ing to tlie holy fee. LEGATE'E, S. ffrom hgatum, Lat.] one who has fomething left himby will. LE'GATINE, Adj. made by, or belong- ing to, a legate of the pope. LEG A'tlON, S. (kgatio, Lat ] miffion ; deputation^ commiflion ; cmbady ; or the Itateof a perfon fent and authorifed to tranf- aft bufinefs for another, LEGA'TOR, S. [kgatio, of %o, Lat.] one who makes a will, and bequeaths legacies. LE'GE.ND, S, [legcnda, Lat.] originally a book, in the Roman church, containing the ledbns that were to be read in divine fervicc: from hence the word was applied to the hi- ftories of the lives of faints, becaiife chapters were read out of them at matins ; but as the golden legend, compiled by James de Varafe, about the year 1290, contained in it feveral ridiculous and romantic ftories, the word is now ufed by Pioteflants to lignify any incre- dible or inaiithentic narrative. LE'GtR,S. ffpclt \\ktvi;\k ledger, le'idgery ^r le'tgcr ; from legger, Belg, j any thing that ies or remains in a place. AUgtr hook, is that'vihich lies in a compting-houfe, contain- ing the journal methodized in fuch a manner, that a perfon may, at one view, fee the ftate of every perfon's account, with whom he has dealings, LE'GERDEMAINTjS [Fr.] fiightof hand; the power of deceiving the eye by the quick- nefs in which a perfon moves his hands. LEGE'RITY, S. {kgenu, Fr.J lightnefs; nimblenefs, or aftivity, " Y'it'i^legcrhy ."' Slak. Not in life. LEG'GED, Adj, having legs ; fupported by legs. LE'GIRLE, Adj, Ikgmih, Lat.] fuch as may be read j apparent ; difcoverablc. " Opi- " nions are legilk in their countenances." Col, LK'GIBLY, Adv, in fuch a manner as may be read, LE'GION, S. {legto, Lat.] a body of fol- ditrs in the Roman army. It con filled both ot" horfe and foot, and contained in it both light and heavy armed foldiers Figuratively, an army or military force ; anygre.it number. " Not in the /cTMw- of horrid hell." Shak. LE'GION ARY, Adj. \leghr,ar\ui, Lat] btlonyiiig to a legion ; cont'.ining a legion j containing any great or indefinite number. " Make up the /.'^;o;;rf/_)' body of error. "/"rcwT:. LEGI-SLA'TION, S. [from lcg\Jl,xtlo, I, at. ] the a(fl of giving laws, or the fciencc of government. LECJl'SEATIVE, ^dj. [accentedby fome on the third fyllablc, kgijiat'ive\ giving or making laws. LEGISLA'TOR, S. [Lat. hgifljteuy, Fr.] a lrtwi;iver, or one who makefc laws for awy community. LEGIS- L E I L E N LEGISLA'TURE, S. the power of mak- ing, alti-iing, or repeaiing laws. LI Gl'l IMACY, S. [i'romJcgitJwate] the quality of being born of parents lawfully mar- ried ; lawful iicfs -cf Liilli. LEGI'TIMATE, Adj. [kghlmui, Lit.] born in marriage. To LEGI'TIMATE, V. A. [legit}n:cr,Yv.'] to communicate the rights of a perfoii born in marriage to one that is a baftarH. Figura- tively, to aiulioiize, or make lawful. LEG] riM \' TION, S. [Fr.] iawfulnefs of birth ; the quality of being born in marriage. LEGU'ME, or LEGU'MEN, S. [legume, Fr. legumcn, Lat.] feiJs '.x hich are not rtapej, but gathered Ly the hanJ j pulfc, or all larger fcc.ls in generil. LEGLI'MINOUS, Adj. \!'g:ir,:',>icux, Fr.J belonging to, or coniilHng of puiie LEICESTER, S. the capital unJ county- town of Leic.iljnTii; '.. ■ In the time of the Romans h waG called P"g^'^, or Rata Conta- vonim, as being on the fr.'rewny, and Roman coins diicovered hcic. It {lands on the river Scare, anciently the Leir ; hence its deriva- tion is a city or cai'.le on the Leir, and it is half way fi.rrodnded by the- river. It is a very ancient place, was the fee of a bi.Oiop, and is faid to have had once 2 parilh-churches in it. The firlt law ( C h .rning heretics, by vhkhlorJ Cobhamand others fuffcred death, was made in a parliament held here in the reinn of king Henry V. declaring the fa- vourers of Wickliff's doftrine heretics and traitors. In tl.c civil wars it was heheged by kingCharles the I. and taken by flormMayj r , 1645, when his army gave the garrifon no quarter, hanged fome of the committee, and plundered the inhabitants. Sir T homa? Fair- tux not coming foon enough to relieve the place, bcfieged it again, and forced the new garrifon to iuircnder upon terms. At prelcnt this is the largcft, belt built, and mofi; popu- lous town in the (hire : it is a borough and corporation, goverr.ed by a mayor, &f. who returns two members to parliament, and had ■its firll charter from king John. Its weekly iTiirkct on Saturday is well furnlfhed with provificns, efpccially corn ; the freemen of t!ie W. by Warwicklhire, and on the N. ^v Derbylhire and Nottingharnllnre. It is paii'.i from Warwickthire by the militaiy way called WatUng ftreet, and from Northampton ■ Ihirc by t!;e rivers Wclland and Avon the Leis. It lies in the diocefe of Lincoln, under the arclideacon of Lticeder. It is in the n-.iJ- laiui circuit, is 33 miles long, 28 broad, and uc in coi!:p;ffs ; containing 560,000 acres, 2C0 p-riljies, fiX hundreds, 13 market-to'Ans. 10 p.-rks, and y'-out 111,212 inhabitants. Iv fends only four members to parliament, nanipiy, two for the county, and the like number for the town of Leicefler. LEl'SURABLE, Adj. [from klfure] done at leifure; done graduaiiy, or without hurry ; enjoying Itifure. LEl'Sl'RABLY, Adv. at leifure ; gradu- ally, or withotit hurry or tumult. LEfSURE, S. [iJjir, Fr.] freedom from bufinefs or hurry ; vacant tirrie; convenience of time. LEI'SURELY, Adj. deliterafely ; flowly; gradually. ; ' LEMP^A, S. fxr.,u^a, Cr. I:r<me, Fr.] In ?J.itliem;itics, a kind of poCuIatum or propo- lltion, previoully alliimed cr laid down, to render any demon llration or problem more clear and cafy. LE'MON, S. f/"w£ia, Fr.] the fruit of the lemon tree. LinnEiis places it in the eigh- teentli feCt of his fecond clafs, joining it with the citron and orange. The fpccies arethrfc. LEMONA'DE, S. [/w.c«..-^^, Ital ] a li- quor made of >«ater, Irmon-juicc and fugar. '1 o LEND, V. A. ['.inan, hlar.an. Sax.] to let a perfon have any thing on condition of rctnining it when demanded ; to permit 3 perfon to ufe a thing on condi:ion ot its be- ing reftorcd. LP^NDER, S. one who permits another to ufe any thing on condition of returning it when demanded. LtNGTH, S. [far, leni-g, lettg. Sax.] the extent of a thing from one end to another ; a certain fpace, portion, or extent of place or time ; long continuance or prt)tra£lion , " Lcngib of days." Dyyd. Reach, extent or degree ; the end or latier part of any time af- Lcicefler are exempted fiom paying toll in alJn figncd. j^t lengtf., at lad the fairs and markets in England. In tiie hioh-flrect is an excellent piece of workman- ship in form of our Saviour's crofs. The moft curious reliqne of antiquity prcfrrved here, is a piece of r^^Iofaic pavement at the bottom of a cellar, reprelenting the flory ot Aftfon torn to pieces by his own hounds : it is nf mofl cxquilite workmanfliip, the (tones 'tieini;;on!v white and brown, and very fme.U. J^ciccfier lies 98 miles from London, lat. 52 deg. 37 min. N. Jong, i izg. 7 min. W. LEI'CESTERSHIRE, S. an inland coun- ty of Enj.'land,i!mofl of a circular figure. It is boundtd fen the E. by Linconlfbirc and Rut- Lndlliire, on the S. by NorthamptoriJhire, on ■Jo LE'NGTHEN, V. A. tomake longer; to continue or protratft the duration ot any thing. Sometimes ufed with out by way of emphafis, to pioiraO ; to extend to a longer frace of time. " '1 o A«^ftK« «;<; his date." Diyd. LE'NGTIiWISE, Adv. according to the length ; with the end forcmolt. LE'NIE.NT, Adj. [hiikns, Lat.] lefTcniBg; rendering lefs painful or violent. Laxative, Or foftening, applied to medicines. " Oils " are kfiirKt," ^■liiutb. To LE'NIFY, V. A. \leiilfier, old Fr.] to render lefs painful or violent ; to afli:age. " To/t'J'/y the pain." D'-vd, L£'- LEO LE'NITIVE, Adj. [!c7!i:;f, Fr.] leffcaing any pain ; foftening or emollient. LE'NITIVE, S. any thing applied to eafe pain ; anything ufcd to palhatc. LE'NITY, S. [kfiiras, hut.] mildnefs ; a tendernefs of difpofition, exercifed in over- looking fmali faults, and punifhing great ones vvithiut rigour or feverity. LEN, S. [Lat ] in Dioptrics, a fmall roundifh gbls of the figure of a Icn'dl, gene- rally applied to glafs that is convex on both fides, but fometiines extended to fignify any optical glafs whatever. LtNT, S. [Unten, Sax. lent, Eelg.] a time fet apart for abftinence by the church, con- fiftijig of forty days, which receives its name from its happening in the fpring. It is fup- pofed by Jerom, Leo, and Aufiin, to ha^e been inftitnted even by tlie apoftles theni- felves, becaiifeit is not enjoined in any council j and in thofe of Nice, Laodicea, &c. in Tertullian, and in feme of theoldeft fa- thers, is mentioned as a pradice of fome ftanding. LE'NTEN, Adj. fuch :.s is ufed in Lent ; abflinent, or fp.it Ing. *• A kr.un fallad cooi'd *♦ her blood." Dryd. LENTl'CULAR, Adj. [kntlculah-e, Fr.] having the form of a lens, or burning glafs. LE'NTIFORM, Adj. [lei'.s, -anA forrna, Lat.] in the form of a lens; fhaned like a lens. LE'NTIGO, S. [Lat.] a frecklyor fcurfy eruption upon tlie ikin. LE'NTIL, S, [kmile, Fr.J a plant, called likewifc vetches. LE'NTISC, S. [kntlfque, F. knufcus, Lat.] a beautiful evergreen tree, which produces gum maftich. LE'NTOR, S. [Lat. knteur, Fr.] tenacity, or vifcofity, applied to the confillcnce of bo- dies. Slowncls or delay, applied to motion. In Medicine, applied to fizy, vifcid, coagu- lated blood. LE'NTOU.=^, Adj. [kr.tus^Uil.] vifccus ; tenacious, applied to the confiilence of bodies. " In this fJDawn of a kntoui and tranfparcnt *' body." £ri':un. LE'OD, [from the Sax.]/«^ in the compo- fition of names, (ignifics people. AsLeadgar, one of great interefi with the people. LE'OF [from the Sax ] in the compofitlon lof names implies lovej thus Lcftvin, is a win- ner of love. Le'jfjiar., bed beloved. LE'ONINE, Adj. [Uonhw, Lat.] belong- ing to a lion. In Poetry, a kind of verfes, the middle of which always chimes or rhimes with the end, fo named from Leo, the fuppof- ed invf ntor, as, " Ut s\\.t%fanam, de potibus " accipe ccenam.'''' LEOTARD, S. [from /fa, Lat. and /-^r- dm, Lac] a large v.ild beafv, refembling a Cit both in its,i<ftions and fhape ; its he:*l, teeth, tongiir", cbws, feet, tail, being like thole of that animal ; it boxes wiih its forefeet, as a ot does her kiuens : leaps at its prey as a LET cat at a moufe ; and will fpit much after the fame manner. L^:'PER, S, [/.;,,•«, /f;,r5/«,, Lat.] a perfoH infc<ftcd with a leprofy. Lh'PORINE, Adj. [A'/«r;w/j,r, St.] belong- ing to a hare • having the nature of a iidre. LKPRO'SITY, S. [from u^. ^u,,, Lat] a difeaie wherein the Ikin fcaies otf Applied to xTirlals, the quality of ruhing, or wearing away in fcdles. A foalnefs. *' The /.>,y..jof " metals." Bac, LE'PRO.SY, S. [K£,rpa, Gr.] a foul .-^r^aib appearing on the Ikin in dry, white, icurfy fcabs or fcaies, whicif cover the whole body, or fume part of it. LE'PROUS, Adj. [kpprax, Fr. >/;-«/}«, Lat.] infeftcd with a leprofy. LESS, a negative anJ privative termina- tion from Ic'as, kaje, S.ix. laus, Goth, kife, Cimbr. or has, Belg. Joined to a fubdantive it implies the abfence orpiivation of thething expreilcd by that fubftantive, as, SbamckfSf ChUdkj!, fithcrkji. LEbS, Adj. ['the comparative degree tti Ijttk ; from !tes, Sax. l.Jfu, RufT.] that whicli on comparifon is not found as big or great as the thing it is compared with. LESSEE', S. [from knfe] the perfoa to whom a Icafe is given. To LE'SSEN, V.A. [from kf^] todiminifh the bulK, quantity, or qiialtyof any thing. NcutPily, to grow lefs, (hrink, orcontvaft. LE'SSES, S. [b£h,Yu] the dimgof beafts left on the grqund. LE'SSON, S. [k^on, Fr.] any thing read and repeated to ate.ichei by a f-holar; a pre- cept, or notion iuciiicatefi by tciching; a por- tion of fciiptiire read in divine fcrvice ; a tune pricked f -r a muficnl inllrument, and taught by a mufic mailer to his pupil j a remon- flrance, reprimand, or rating ledfture. To LE'SSON, V. A. to teach or inftru£l, " Well haft thou kjjincd u%:' Shai. LESSOR, S. one who lets any thing by leafe. LEST, Conj. [from ka^] for fear that ; in order to prevent. To LET, V. A. [la-taK, Sax ] to permit, allow, or grant ; to put to hire ; to grant to a tenant. To kt hkcd, to open a vein, fo as the blood may flow out. To inttufl with ; to ad- mit. " To /ff mro the fecrets. '' iSfcb. No. 483. To U: cdf, to difcharge, applied to the difcharge of artillery. I o obllruO j to hinder or oppofe, from kttan, Sax. Tefore the firlt perfon fmgular it implies rcfolution, fixed purpcfe, carnrflnefs. and ardent wilh, " Let " rue die the death of the righieou.«." Nuir.b. xxiii. 10. Refcre the firlt pcrfo.i plural, it implies exhortation. " KWe; ktui'-o." IVJa-k. Before the third perfon fingular anri plural, it implies permifnon or conimn.'-.d. " La the '• loidicv feizehim." Dryd. B;'fcr( a th^ng in the pafilve, it implies a pofitive ttin.iiand. *' Lit :i:.< le j'.^f." Dryd, LEV LEV LET, S. an obftacle, hlndiMnce, or ob-! without any Inequalities, applied to furf.icC. jtlruclion. ] To make ot the lame height with any thing LET, wCcd at the end of fubftantivcs, is elfe ; to niikeor lay flat ; ic reduce to a con- derived from lyt. Sax. and fignifies little or dilion equal to that of another ; to aim ; to fmall. Thus ow/, muksj c'l'let, a little or point a piece of ordnance in taking aim; ti> fmall owl, und oi t-flglf, is formed ejglct, aj be in thefame diretkion,or even with a mark ; imail or little eagle. LETHA'RGiC, Adj. \letharg]jue, Fr. j fleepy ; of the nature of a lethargy. LbLTHA'RGICNESSjS. Ilecpincfs; drow- fmefs. LE'THARGED, Adj. fcized wit): a Ic thargy ; laid alleep or entranced. " llisdif- " cernings — are Utharged.'" Shak. LK'THARGY, S. Iklhargte, Fr. X>!ea?>.ia, from Xr,3>), and if/ia, Gr.] a Jiftafe conhlling of a profound drowhuefs, or llcep, from whence aperfou cannot be ealily waked. LE'THE, S. ( >irj9ii, from Aav9avo^a(, Gr.] oblivion ; forgetful nefs ; a flate of forgetful- nefs. " Lt-fZ)€ the river of oblivion." Milt. LE'TTER, S. a charader either in print- ing or writing, by which is exprefied any of the fimple founds, of which fyllables are compofed ; a written melTage ; a writing whereby a perfon communicates his fenti ments to another at a dillance ; any thing to be read ; a type with wiiich books are , printed. In the plural, Icariiing. " A man *' of ktteri." To LE'TTER, V. A. to mark or ftamp with letters LE'TTERED, Adj. learned ; converfant in, and improved by reading ; marked with letters. " Gilt and lettered.^' LE'TTER-FOUNDER, S. one who caQs the letters or types ufed in printing. LE'TTUCE, S. [lacl^ca, Lat.J a plant whicii derives its name from the milky juice with which it abounds. LE'VANT, Adj. [Fr."| raifing or making turbulent. " Forth ruih the Lfoan; and the " ponent winds." Far. Loji. Eallern. LEVA'NT, S. the eafl, particularly thofe coalU of the Mediterranean that are eaft of Italy. •LEVA'TOR, S. [Lat, | a furgeon's inrtru to aim or make attempts. " York did k'vet " at thy crown." Shak. LEVEL, S. a plane, or fmrface without any inequalities. Figuratively, a rate; ftand- ard, or condition, " Above my ordinary k- " iiil." Dryd. A (late of equilky. In Me- chanics, an inflrument uftd by maibns to re- gulate their work, A rule. " Be the fair " l--uelo{ thy actions laid." Prior. The line of direction in which any piece of ordnance is placed. LE;V£LLER, S. one that makes any thing even. LE'VELLING, S. the art or aft of find- ing a line parallel to the horizon, at one or more ftations, in order to determine the heighth of one place with refpeft to another, for laying grounds even, regulating defcents, draining morafles, conducing wa- ter, i^c. LE'VELNESS, S, evennefs or quality. LE'VER, S. [^Icvier, Fr.] in Mechanics, the fecond, if not the firft, of the mechani- cal powers. LE'VERET, S. [Uevre, Fr.] a young hare, in the firft year. LE'VET, S. [le-vtr, Fr.] the bLd or found of a trumpet. " On which he blew as ftrong " a Icz-et." Hudib. LE'VIABLP:, Adj. [from Injl that which may be levied or forced to be paid. ^'■Leviable " by^ourfc of law." Bac. LEVLVTHAN, S. [Heb.] the crocodile. Commentators are much divided in their opinions concerning this word, fome ma- king it the wliale ; but if we conhder the defcription given of it in yob xli. we fhall find criteria enough to reftrain it to the cro- codile. To LE'VIGATE, V. A. [la'vigatuu Lat. of lafigc, Lat.] to grind to an impalpable ment, whereby the deprelled parts of the (kullj powder between two ftones ; to mix liquors sre lifted up. In Anatomv, applied to thofe! till they become fmooth and incorporated lufcles which lift up or vaifc llic parts to which they are f,-liened. LELCOPHLE'GAL'ICY, S. [from Xtvxoc, and<fiXej'/xa,Gr.]akindofadrcpfy, eonfilling, in a white flabby tumor all over the body. LEUCOPHLEGMA'TIC, Adj. troubled with 3 leucophlegniacy,rir wliite ftubby tumor. LEVEE', S. I Fr.l the time of rifing. Fi- guratively, an aiicmb'y of perfocs meeting together in a great man's houfe, to pay him compliments on his rllmg. LE'VEL, Adj. [/afi, Sax. /;V<r/, Fr. //w/A,! Span.] even, or not having one pait higher tiian another ; in the finne line with any thing • elfe equal in perfeftion or dignity. To LE'VEL, V. A. 'to msfee. even, ov LEVIGA'TION, S. the aft of reducing hard bodies, fuch ns coral, into a fubtile pow- der, by grinding them on a marble flone. LEVl'TE, S. {k-yua, Lat. Uvn^i, Gr. from Levi, Jacob's third Ton] one of the tribe of Levi, who Was by inheritance an inferior kind of minifler in the Jewilh tabernac.'e atid temple, having the care of the facred utenlils, andlomewh t refembl'mg in degree the dea- cons among Chriftians. A prieft ; ufed as a word of contempt, when applied toaChriftian minifter. LEVI'TIC.^L, Adj. belonging to or de- fcend.vl from the Lcvites ; e.\crcifcd by, or confined to, the Levitcs. LL'VITY, S. [A-w,v.s Lat.] iightnefs, or want L I B want of weight ; inconftancy, cr changeable- neis ; unfteadincfs ; trifling gaiety ; want of ferioufneis. To LE'VY, V. A. [k-ver, Fr.] to raifeor bring together, applied to armies. " Le-u'nd *' a mighty army." Da'vies. To raife or coi- \e€t money as a tax or fine. " He fhoulJ " k'vy fuch a fiim of money.'" Clarcr.d. In Law, to pals ; thus, to lety a fine, is to pafs a fine. LE'VEY, S. the aifl: of raifing men or money. War laiftd. " Malice domeiUc, " foreign Ifvcy ." Slak. LRWD, Adj. [laivede. Sax.] wicked, bad, or vicious. " Void of learning or kivd in life." Wl.itgift, At prefcnt it is confined to fignify luftful, or being loft to all fenfc of modclly. *' Lolling in a lewd love bed." Shak, LEWDLY, Adv. wickedly or vicioudy " A fort of naughty ptrfons Uii-dly bent." Shak. LurtfuUy : the hfl: lenfe feems to be the only one in which it isufed at prefent. LEWDNESS, S. the tjiiality of giving a loofctoluft, or indulging fuch actions and in- clinations as are inconfiftent with modefly. LEW'DSTER, S. a perfon that indulges luft or criminal pleafure. " Againlt luch " kiudjlers " ^tak. Seldom ufcd. LEW'ISD'OR, [Fr. pronoanceJ l.-ac d'ore] a golden French coin, having fix L's crofling each other on the reverfe, valued at twelve liwes, or feventeen (hillings Englifh. LEXICO'GRAPHER, S. [iexkogn>phe, from Xf^ip^ov, and ■ypa<S>a), Gr.] a writer or compiler of di(ftionaries or books, wherein the etymologies and meaning of words are explained. LEXICO'GRAPHY, ?. [See Lexkogra- phtr'\ the art or pra^ice of writing diftiona- ries. • LE'XICON, S. [-Kil^x^v, from Xe^.?, from f-tyo), Gr.] a book containing the explana- tion of words: generally confined to thofe which contain the explanation of words in the Greek, or oriental languages. LEY, LEE, Lay, in compofition of names, are derived from kag, Sax. and fignify a field, LEY, S. [/o;, Fr.] in Law, a word intro- duced by the Normans, IHll ufed in law books; as, ^' Terms deky." i.e. Terms in the law. LI'ABLE, Adj. [Fr. from Ikr, old Fr.] obnoxious ; fubjei^ to ; not exempt from. LI'AR, S. one who wilfully and delibe- rately te.ls a f ilAhood. LIBA'TION, S, [libatk, Lat.] the aft of pouring wine on the ground in divine wor- Ihip. Figuratively, the wine fo poured. LTBEL, S. \libclk, Fr. lUeUus, Lat. a fmall book I a malicious afperfion, in print- ing or writing, tending to blacken the repu- tation of a perfon living, or the memory of one that 5s dead, in order to cxpofe them to ^blic contempt, hatiedj or ridicule : it is no LIB juflificatlon that its contents are true, or that the reputation oftheperlbn was antecedently bad ; for the greater appearance there is of tru:h, the greater is the provocation of a libel. 3 hijl. 174. 5 Rep. 125, 131. Ha-wk. P. C. Muor 627. To LI'BEL, V. A. to print or publifli any thing that ihall blacken the charaifter o( a per- fon, and expofe him to public ridicule, con- tempt or hatred ; to fpiead any defamatory report, by writing or piiniiiig. LI'BFJ^LER, S. one who fpreads a report in writing which may bJacken a perfon's charaificr. LI'BELLOUS, Adj. containing fome re- port which may blacken a perfon's character. Ll'BERAL, Adj. [Fr. kieralis, Lat.] be- coming a gentleman ; generous ; bountiful. LIBERALITY, S. [k/'o-alire, Yr.Bera. lltas, Lat.] bounty ; a generous difpofition of mind, exerting itfelf in giving largely. Li'BERALLY, Adv. giving in a large manner, or without grudging. LI'BERTINE, S. one who afts without refirainf ; one who pays no regard to the precepts of religion. In Law, a freed man, or a Have who is made free, from libirtimis, Lat. LI'BFRTINE, Adj. [Ula-tU:, Fr.] licen- tious ; having no refpeil to the precepts of religion. Ll'RERTINISM, S. an opinion or prac- tice which is incoiihrtent wlih tlie precepts of relic;ion, LI'iJERTY, S, [n'ert:, Fr. Uhcrta:, Lat.] the power in any agent to begin or take up any thought, or to foibear any particular ac- tion, according to the choice of the mind, whereby it chufes to do one in preference to another. Political kieity is a power of a<fting agreeable to the laws which are ena(flcd by the confent of a people, and no ways incon- fideiit with the natural rights of a fingle per- fon, or the good of fociety : thus it feemb to be freedom, oppofed to flavery, or ntccffity. A privilege ; an exemption ; an immunity ; a diminution, or relaxation of reflraint ; a leave or permiflilon. " I (hall take ihe liberty " to confider." Lccke, LIBI'DINOUS, Adj. lUhidkoJus, Lat.] lewd ; given up to luft. LIBl'DlNOUsLY, Adv. lewdly ; in a wanton or unchafte manner. LIRRA'RIAN, S. [librar'ius, Lat.] one who has the care of a library ; one who tran- fcrib°s or copies books. " This is the error " of the librarian." Brsome. LI'BRARY, S. [liirarce, Fr.] a hrge col- Icrtion of books, either public or private. To LIBRATE, V. A. [libnuus, from //- bro, Lat.] to poife, balince, or counterpoife. LIBRA'TION, S. [Fr. from Ik-rctio, Lat.] the fiatc of being balanced. In Afironomy, the balancing or trembling motion in the fiimrunent, wh-ereby the declination of ttie z fun. L I C futi, and the latitude of the (lars, change from time to time. The apparent irregula- rity oif the moon, by which fhe fcems to li- brate, or waver about her own axis, fomc- times from the eaft to the weft, and fome- times from the weft to the eaft. The liira- tion of the earth, is that motion, whereby it is fo reftrained in its orbit, that its axis con- tinues conftantly psrallel to the axis of the uorld. Ll'BRATORY, Adj. [from librana, T.at.] ■balancing ; playing like a balance. " Aftro- " nomers afcribeto the moon a libratory mo- " tion." Diei. Tre-j. Ll'CS, plural of /c:;/s. Ll'CENCE, S. [Fr. Ikentia, Lat.] con- tempt of lawful and ncceftary reftniint ; a grant or pcrmillion ; a liberty or confent ; a power or authority given a perfon to do fome lawful aft. In Canon or Ecclefiafticai Law, a liberty or power granted to a perfon to mar- ry without publication of bans. Among Pub- licans, a liberty granted by a juftice of peace for felling beer or wine, fcfr. To Ll'CENSE, V. A. [Ikenjer, Fr.] to fet at liberty ; to permit a perfon to do fome- thing, which he could not without fuch grant . LI'CENSER, S. one who grants permif- fion or liberty to do a thing. LI'CEN TIATE, S. [lirentiatus, low Lat.] one who ufes licence, or makes free with the laws ; a degree in the Spanidi univerfities. Among the college of jiiiyficians, a perfon who has licence or authority given him for practiCng phyfic, though not admitted a fel- low of the college. To LICE'NTIATE, V. A. [/icef^tlcr , Fr.] to permit ; to authorize by licence. LICE'NTIOUS, Adj. llkoTfieux, Fr. li- centkifus, Lat.] not reftrained by law, mora- lity or religion ; overflowing its bounds ; un- confined. " The Tyber, whofe ikeniious <i vvaves." Rofiom. LICE'NTIOUSLY, Adv. with too much liberty or freedom ; without any reftruiut I'lom law, or morality. LICE'NTIOUSNESS, S. boundlefs liber- ty ; contempt or negleift of juft reftraiiit. LICH'FIELD, or LI'TCHFIELO, S. a pretty large and neat city of Staffordlhire, wliich, joined with Coventry, forms one bi- /l;opric. The origin of its name is this : About a ihoiifiind poor people having been inftrucfled by the circof Otta king of the Mercian?, were all martyred in one field here by the Pa- gans, hence called from tlie Saxon Lirchm- JiM, I. ''• the field of dead bodies, now Liu' f fid ; and on tlie fpot Ofvvay king of Northumberland built a large church ; and for the ftme reafon the device or field armori- al of the city is ?n open field, with m.inoled carcofcs lying about. The city ft.inds low, and is divided into two parts by a c'ear rivu- let, over which are two CiUifcways, with Unices L I E upon them. That part on the S. li Je Is called the city, a.'^d the other the clofe, as being in- clofcd within a wall, and a good deep dry trench on all fides, except towards the city, where it is defended by a large marfti, formed by the above-mentioned brook. The cathe- dral, one of the fineft in England for elegance and regularity, ftands in this clofe. It was rebuilt by bifhop Roger de Clinton in 114.S. The weft end is richly decorated with the (ta- tuesof all the kings of Jcrufalem, fromDavid to the captivity. Litchfield lies 14 miles from Stafford, and 118 from London. Lat. 5adeg. 41 m. N. long, 2 deg. 7 min. W. Ll'CH-OWL, S. [from Ikh, and cwPj a fort of owl, fo called by the vulgar, from a fuppofition that it foretels death. To LICK, V. A. [Ikean, Sax. kcken, Belg.} to touch or pafs over with the tongue ; to move the tongue over any thing ; to lap or take in by the tongue. Ufed with u/>, to de- vour. " When luxury has Ikk'd uj> all thy " pelf." Pape. To fmear, or to drink up any moifture. " She licks up all the dirt with " her cloaths." To beat : a vulgar term. LICK, S. a blow. " Give me a Ikk acrofs " the face." Dryd. The aft of fmearing or rubbing the tongue over any thing : a low word. LICKERISH, or LIC'KEROUS, Ad^ [Hccra, Sax. J nice in the choice of food ; ea- ger; greedy; nice; or tempting the appetite. LIC'KERISHNESS, S. gluttony ; greedi- nefs after dainties ; nicenefs of palate. LIC'TOR, S. I Lat.] a beadle, who in an- tient Rome, attended the confuls, and was employed in apprehending criminals. LID, S. [blid. Sax. liB, Belg.] a cover which ftiuts down clofe upon, or into a vef- fel ; the membrane, which covers the eye when we fleep or wink, called likcwife the eyelid, from aiigun lied, Teut. LIE, S. [Fr. lag, Ital. lexia. Span.] a li- quor impregnated with fome other body, fuch as foap or fait. LIE, S. \liga. Sax.] a deliberate, wilful, and criminal falfehood ; a fiftion. "The " truth is moral, tho' the tale a lie." Dryd. See Lye, which is the propereft fpelling. 1 o LIE, V. N. [leogan. Sax.] to be guilty of a wilful and criminal falfehood. To LIE, V. N. [prcter, I hy, ha-ve lain, ox lien, but the laft preter is feldomufed, from liegeii. Sax.] to reft horizontally, or with a great inclination upon any thing elie ; to reft or lean upon ; to repofe or be in a bed. To lie by, to keep in referve ; to preferve. " Divers of which have I yet lying by me." Boyle, 'io be placed or fituatcd. " *V"hat /?« " beyond our pofitive idea." Locke. To be JH afcrfon's power ; to depend on a perfon, ufed willi ill. " Endeavour as much as in thee /;Vi. Dup^a. To Ik in, to be in childbed. Ufed with 07t, to be imputed to " Let it lie or. my " hcid." But when joined with hands, to be lioi blcfoJi* L I F tronblcfomeorre.Hous, " Thofe hours that ** lieufot their /i;?'c/i-." Giurdian, LIEE", .Adj. [LoF, Sax. l:ef, Helg.] dear or "beloved. " My UefcJ} liege.'"' Shak. LIKF, AJv. willingly, or readily. '' I had " as Hcfu^y': the foppery of freedom." Svak. LIKGF,, Adj. [pronounced /ffje ; I'lge^Yv. I]g!0, Ital. I bound by fome feudal tenure ; iub- jea : hence Ikgcman, a fubjedt. Sovereign. LEIGE, S. a fovereign i a fuperiorlord. ♦' Pardon me, my/;V^<?."5/'^>t. HE'GEMAN', S. a fubjc£t, " Lirgcmen to the Dane." Shuk. LlE'NrERIC, Adj. belonging to the li- en re ry. HE'NTERY, S. [from Xumit and cvrspof, Cr.] a particular kind of looicnefs, wherein the food pafies through the guts with little or no alteration. LI'ER, S. [from i-fl &] one thatreftsor lies down J one that remains concealed. " There were /ten in ambudi." ^of. viii. 14. LIEU, S. [Fr. pronounced iuu] place; loom, or (lead ; only ufed with it:, " In /'f--/ *' of inch an increafe." Addif. LIEUTE'MANCY, S. [ pronounced ^/«- nancy ; from Ikutmancc. Fr.] the office oi a lieutenant ; the body of lieutenants. LIEUTE'NaNT, S. [Fr. pronounced lef- teitanf-, from /irii, Fr. and tenant] a deputy, or one thatiscommiffioned to aft for anolhe.'in his abfence. In War, one who holds the next rank to a captain, and arts in his (lead, when abi'ent, or incapacitated by accidents. LIEU rE'NANTSHIP, S. [prononnccd/./- tenanfjhip] the rank or office of a lieutenant. LIFE, S. [pluril, n-va; /if, -Sax. from /ifian, Sax.] the fbte wherein the foul and body are united and co-operate j the prefent frate, oppofcd t0 the future ; conduft, or the general manner in which a perfon behaves with refped to virtue or vice ; the continuance or duration of our prefent (late ; an exa£t r3- fcmblance of a living form. A (hue of ve- getation, or growing, applied to plants. The general ftate of mankind ; manners. "Arts " that polilh /ifi." Far. Loft. Spirit ; vigour ; vivacity, animal beings. " Full nature fwarms " with life." T/jomfon. Ll'FE-iJLOOD, S. the blood necefTary to life. LI'FEGIVING, Adj. having the power to give life. LrFF_LESS, Adj. deprived of life ; dead. Figuratively, without vigour, power, force, or fpirit. " A /ifi/efs king " Prior. LI'FELESSLY, Adv. without vigour or ftrength j jejune ; frigid, or without fpirit.' H'FELIKE, A(.1j. like a living perfon or animal being. " Minerva, /^tv'ilr.' ' Pai^e- Ll'FE-TIME, S, the continuance or dura- tion of life. LI'FE-WEARY, Adj. tired of living. *' The life-iveary taker." S/jal(. To LIFT, V.A.[A/ra, Swed. /oper, Dan] L I G to ralfe from the ground; to heave or hold on liigh j to raife or elevate ; to r ilfe in clkeini, fortune, diguitv. Neiiierly, to ftr'ive to ruife by an effart of firength. LIFT, S. the aft or mannerof raifing any thing from the ground, or holding it upwards ; an effeft, or flnig'^le. A d^jd lift implies an effort to raife fomtihino that cannot he moved with the wlioic force," and figuratively, any (bte of hclplels dldre.'s, impotence or inabi- lity. LI'FTER, S. one that raifes any heavy thing from the ground ; one that rJifes any thint^-. LI'GAMENT, S. [Fr. /ij:«w«r:/)'', Lat.] any thing that ties or binds one thing to an- other. " Th.e foul beginning to he freed from " the /igawhtt of the body." Adddj. In Ana- tomy, a white, tough, folid, and inflexii)ie part of the l)r?dy, whofc chief ule \i to falica the bones together, v.hich arc articulated for motion. LIGAME'NTAL,orLIGAME'NTOUS, Adj. compofing, or of the nature of a liga- ment. " A firong /ha?7ier,t'>us membrane.'" ^ViJ'tmn'n, LIGA'TION, S. [/igath, Lat.] the aft of binding; the flnreof being bound, or rendered numb jjy binding. "It is the /igatian of fenic." Spea. No. 47S. LI'GATURE, S. [Fr. ^s.'ot-^, low Lat.j any thing hound on as a bandage ; the aft of binding ; tlie flatcofbeing bound. In Punt- ing applied to types tliat contain two tetters joined together ; as ff, ft; £'. LIGHT, S. \lcc/}t^ Sax. and Erfel that fenfation occifionsd in the mind by the view of luminous bodies ; or that properly in I-j- dies, wliereby they are fitted to excite thofe fenfations in us ; a certain aftion of luminou* bodies on the medium between them and the eve, wliereiiy they become vifible ; a finrc wherein bodies beo.me viiible ; rays 'proceed- ing' from a luminous body. Figuratively, :1- lumln.ulon, inflruftion, improvement, or t]^« dlfcovery of fomething before unknown. A point o^ view ; a fituation ; the direftion iti which li,:,ht falls. " Setting them In th;ir " proper /.'yrj/j." SteEl. No. 291. Expb.natian, or the mejDS of clearing up any tiifticulc pjf- fdge in writings. " One part of the tcx»: " could not fall to gi\'e Igl t to anotlier." Locke. Any thing, ufed to give light in t!ie nighttime ; a perfon of great pai'ts and emi- nent abiities, famous for his diil'overies, and the communication of ihcm, " One cf the •' /ipkii of the age." LIGH I', Adj. {Vicht, Belg. /eici.H, Teut.] cafily ruiil-d, or of fmail weight ; not burden- fome to he borne, worn, carr cd or lifted up, Figuratively, cafy to be endured. " Light fuf- " ferings." Dryd. Eafy to be performed. " The ta(k was light." Dryd. Aftive or nimble. ^' Light of foot." z Sam. ii. 18. I Slight or trifhng. " A /igbt error." Boy/e. ■ 0^4 Not L I G Kot thich orjrofs. ''■ L.^/;f bread." Numl.'' ^x. 5. " L:^t: fumes." Dryd. Gay 5 aiiy: irifi r..fl: ; ineouhr ; iinchaftc '■ A agljt\\\ie " d.ih make a heavy huibjiid." Sink. T:i\ghi, or nrmir.g ; clesr. Tending to while,! ?.;-p!;ed Ij colour. " A HgJ.t cclouieJ clay."! TrocdzL-. - i To. LIGHT, V. A. to kindle, inflame, ori fct on tire ; to give li'^ht to. I TgJ.ICtHT, V. H. f//V/Y, Bela.T to f-ii| uponorn-.cct with by chance, nfcd with ujon To d:l"n.oiint, or delcend fit.m a hcrie c cai- xhgc, ufcd v.'nh frcri; offi<ii-\ forEierly (^o-.vn^ i'r°m a!i-bccn Sax. '• He i><2}.ted c'&ivn Irom ■ ♦' tlic cf.ariot." 2. Kings v. 21. Tu iuli or ilnke. " Cn whoniloever it nghtcth." Kooker. 'jo fettle ; to fix, or left. Tiren ^s a bee — " light: on thiit and this." Di\d. To LI'GH i EN, V. N. [ndtin, Sax.] to flafl), applied to the glare of lirht occafioned by the cxpl.-.fion of combunible particles in the air, attended with thunder. 'I'o fail or light, iifed with upon. " Lord, let ihy mercy " r,(rh:en tibcn us." Com. Fray. To Ll'GHTEN, V. A. [from light, fub- flantivej to iiLininate ; or make thinj/,svi- fible; to difperfe any gloom or obfcurity ; to convey knowledge. " Lighten our darknefs, " we befcech thee, O Lord." Cow. Pray. lo niaks Isfs heavy, applied to liuidcns. LIGHTER, S. a lar;;e heavy boat in which (hips are lightened or unloaded. Ll'GHTEHM.'^N, S. one who owns or works a lighter. LIGHT-FI'NGERF.D, Adj. nimble at conveyance ; pilfering or thievilh. L1C;HT-F()'0 rtb, Adj. ni;iiblc in dan- cing, or fwifc in running. LrGHT-HEADL.D,\V.i. unQeady; loofe j thoughtLefs 5 giddy. In i.icdicinc, delliious, or difordeicd in th.e mind by dife-^fe. LI'GHT-HEARTED, Adj. gay j merry; chi-erful. Ll'GHT-KOUSE, S. an high building^ at ihc top of which lights are hung to guide ihips at fea. LI'GHTLESS, Adj. dark; wanting light. LI'GH TLY, Adv. without preffiu'g hard; cafilv ; without uneafinefs orafflidfion ; clieer- fully. Unchaftly ; immodeftly ; nimblv. Ll'GHT-MINDED. Adj. unfettled'j un- fteadv ; full of levity. LI'GH'l'NESS, S. want of weight; agili- ty cr nimblcncrfs j inconftaiicy j u.ichaftiiy or levity. LrGHTNI\'G,S. [from %Z/j.v, whence lightening and Hgbming] a flilh of light whicli accomp.niits thunder. LIGII r.S, S. the lungs, or organs by which the affion of breathing is performed. '1 his wod is never ufed in the lingular. LI'GH rSOJVIE, Adj. luminous ;with great appe.rance of li^^ht ; g:.y ; airy. Li'GHTSOMEXESS, S. luminoufnefs, cr the i.iu.;!ity o£ bavinj; much light ; cheerful- ads ; levity. L I U LI'GNF.OUS, A.-1J. [ligncns, Lat. %« a.r, Fr.] made of wood ; refenibling wood. Li'GNU.M-Vrr^., S. fLat. the wood' of lifcj a very hard wood, called likewife LIKE, AiVj. [/V, ''ax. Hick, Belg ] re- fcmbling, or having a relembia cc : equal ; of lie i\rp.i i.;'.!.il:!y or quantity; lively, or in a ftite tl;2t gives probable e■.<pe(f^^tions. " That '• he might judge whtther he w.is like to piu- " fue its couifc." i./a;t?;c/. This Lft fenfe is improper. LIK'% Adv. in the fame manner; in the fame mnnncr as. " Li!.e as a father piticth "his children." Pfal ciii. 13. In luch a manner as becomes. " Qu't \ourfelves like " men." j Ststn iv. 19. toilowed by f?;c«p;^, probably, or likely. " Like er.vigh it wil," To LIKE, V. A. \!ic<a, or r.crgktn. Sax.] to approve of; to chufe with fonie degree of preference; to view with approbation or love. Ll'KELlHOOD, or LI'KELINESS, S. ["friim I'ike'y'] appearance or thcw ; re- ftml. lance ; piobcbilitv, or appearance of truth. LI'KELY, Adj. fuch as nny be liked; fuch as may plcafc by their external appear^ ance; probable. Ll'KELY, Adv. probably. ToLI'KEN, V. A. to reprcfent ?.<; bearingr fome rciemblance; to compare. " Or lo what " things— /iif« on earth." Far. Loji. LI'KENESS, S. refemblance ; one that re- fen-.ides another. " I took you for your/Z^e- " ncfs Chloe." Prior. LIKE'V^ISE, Adv. in like .-nanner ; alfo; too ; moreover, or beddcs. Ll'KING, S. a ftate of trial, wherein a perfon is placed, that he may (tc whether he iike.tjor is approved of. " Come but a while " upon liiiiig." Dr\'d. Ll'LIED, Adj. idorned with lilies j of the whittncfs of a lily. Ll'LY, S. [lilmm, Lat.] a flower, fome- vvhc-t rcfembiing thcricLU-.le-lys, but of vari- ous colours. Ll'LY- HYACmrH, S. a flower rcfcm- blin" a lily and a hyacinth. L?LY OF T.Hi; VALLEY, S. a white lloucrof cne leaf, called likewife the May illy. LI'LYLIVERtD, Adj. whitelivcrcd ;cow- cirdly. " A lity/ii'ered, aQion-taking knave." LIMB, S. r/;«, S.x. and Scot. /rra, Dan.] a member ; a joint of any animjl. An edge r,r border, ufed by phylofopliical writers; from limU, Vr. or liirJus, Lat. " At its " outward //;;<i, the red and yellow." Newt. Opt, ToLIMB, V. A. to afTume limbs. ''As ' they ple..!e they iiinl' ihemfcives." Milt. To tear afundcr; to difmember. Ll'MBECiv, S. I corrupted from tf/f«^'V] a iiiil. H'MB- L I M LI'MRED, Adj. foimed with regard U>\ limbs. " Large /;ot/j.»(/." Poje. #LI'M1}ER, Adj. [i.'iKj,, Crit.] Flexible; cafily bent. Ll'MBERNESS, S. the .i'.i.lity oF being Cilily bent. Ll'MBO, S. ffrom/;;Kiai, Lat ] a middle ftate, bordering on lic!l,in which there is nei- ther pleafure cr pain. Popularly, a prifon ; any piaCe of mifery or confinement. " In the " Jcif-fame /h-ho put." Hudih. LIME, S. f/yn, lil./.m, Sclav, and Carn, glue] any vifcoiu fubdance ; particularly ap- plied to that which is" laiJ on t'-vig% and catches or ftick? to the wings and feet of birds that touch it, hence called Lii-ci'Ume. Matter from which mortar is made, fo called^ becaufe ufcd in cement LIMF, S. in Botany, called likewife the' llnden-trcc : its wood is ufed by carvers and turners. A fj^ccies of lemon which grows in the Weft Indies, from Ihr.e, Fr. To LIME, V. A. to fmear with lime; to cement orunite as with mortar. " To I:i::e " the (iones together." Stnk. To manuie ground with lime. " Marling and Vt::htg' Child. Fif'urativeiy, to entangle or enfnare. «' <.'h//w,-/foul." SLak. LI'ME-KILN, S. a kiln where (iotics are burnt to lime, LI'ME-STONE, S. the Hone of which lime is m;.d?. LI'P/IE-W,4.TER, S. ?. liquor made by pouring boiling water on unilacked lime, and racking, it off when fettled. Ll'MIT, S. [Hmue, Fr. Ime':., I'n-.uh, Lat.] a bound ; a border; the utniofl: extent of any place or fp?.ce. To L'IMI r, V. A. [Ilmtir, Fr. Ihmtor, Lat.] to confine within certain boi:nds ; to rcrilrnin ; to circum Icribe, or prcfcribe bounds to. To reftrain, or confine the feiife, appli- ed to wor's that hi'Ve various fignificaiions. LI'.MJTAP-Y, Adj. placed at thelimits or boundaries as a guard. •' Proud Uir.vary che- *' rub." Var. L:Jl. LI'MITaTION, S. reflriaion ; reflmint. LI'MNER, S. [corrupted from clummdtr, Fr] a painter ; or one who draws portraits from the life. Ll'MOtJS, Adj. [-//Vra/vj, Lat. ! muddy or fl'.my. " Z-iw;5«jmjtter brougiit down by the " Nile." Broivn. LIMP, Adj. [I'mlhy Ttal. i v.ipid, or liaving iio tafle. " The chub cuts i.i::i>, and ia(!t- «■ lefs," Walton. To LlMi', V. N, \]i-r.^.cn. Sax.] to halt ; to walk lamely, LI'MPir.S. a kind of {hell fifh. LI'MPJ.O, Adj.r/>,,-»t;V^, Fr.lim/idir, Lat.] cle.ir ; pure; tranfp:irent. Ll.MPIDNESS, S. the quality of being tranfparent, applied to ftreams. LI'MFINGLY, Adv. in a lame or halting manner. ' LFiViy, Adj. [lyin, in.] containing linK. L I N • " A Ihvy foil." Vifcous or ghitiiioiis. *' I:i " fimy ll^ste's." Sperfcr. LI'NCH-PIN, S. [from Uncb,o<^ alUr.an^ Sax. to (hip, and piii\ an iron pin that keeps the wheel on the axletree. LINC^OLN, S. a Rom:;n Colony, and by them called Lindum colouia, which very eafriy falls into the prefeiit abreviated appella'.ica I.iuc-Jn, is a!i ancient city in Lincoln'hire. From its fituation on a liill it feems a collec- tion of five cities. Luicoln is the fee of a bi- fiiop, aii'^ the largeft ciiocefc in England. The'cathedral isV. magnificent fabric, and reputed flie moR fpacinus i.T England, ex- ce,5t York, being, from iis fituation, feen from five or fix (bounties. It h;is a douliie crofs or rranfept, wlih two fpires or towers, which are mean, but not for w !nt of heigh.t, end in the N. tower is the finelt great bell in F.ng-' land, called Tom of Lincoln, .ts being con- fecrjtcd probably to Thomas a Rccket. It weiohs four tons 1S94 pounds, will hold Ai.\ gallons, andis22fe(t eiglit inches itr cir- cumference. The middle or rood tower' is the highest in the kingdom, 'i his is a city, .md county of itfelf, its jiirisdi<flion extend- ing twenty miic.-; refund. It i> governed bv a. mayor, who returns two metnbers to p?rlia- .-nent, has twelve aldermen, two Rieriffs, &c. It has given title of earl to the Ciir^ton ta- ir.iiy ever fince the r;'!;;n of Qiieen Elizabc:!-:. Hereare four charity fchoo s, in each of v.Iii^h thirty poor chil.iren are tau;;ht';y cleroymci.'i widows, hincoln lies fitn-tiAo niilc,> fvoni York, and isS from LondoH. Lac. 53 dig. 15 mm. N. ion z-j hiin. W. LI'NCOI^NSHIRE. a maritime county, and one of the hrgeft in England; but a great pa- 1 of it is fenny ;>,rounds, and over* flowed wih water. It is divided from 'Noi- thimptunlhircofi die S. by the liver Wc-lbndj as it is from Yoii-fiiire on the W. by tiie Humbcr. It has the German oce:m on the E. and is bounded ori the W. with fome parts of Yorkfli/ie. NTotting^hamfhire, Lcicellcrfnire,' anil Ri'tljndiTiire. fc is geneially leekonedal- mod- fiy.ty mi'cs Ironn N. to S.- and in the middle, where wid-.-ft, thirry-&\'e: though remplcman makes i'.s length !i,\iy-fcvcn. anj breadth forty-three . It contains thirtv vva- ofiitakes or jiundred.':, in which are 6SS pa- rilhes, one city, five parMamentiry boough."!, thirty four other maijstt to'.vns, and about 2.4. !;,Ho inhai'itatit'- ; al/b tlv.rtcen parks, and twoc.iftlcs. In Lini-o'iid'iirc ne {'c\-<:rA laroa 'ivers, pflrtici larly the Nen, Wclliud, G^i&lh, .'"'itham. Bane, 'Irent, Dun, a:id Ankam ; .t!l v.'hich ah/ound with f,fh ; and among other .vild-fowl here are t VI o fi;rt5 v. h:ch arc ex- ceeding goo^i, namely kiuites and dotterels. The inland country produces corn, the fens c )le''e;d and v. r,- rich pafturcs : fo that their Iireed of Cattle cxcrfd.^i in lari^encfs tliofc of iny I Ounry of England, txcepr Sonicr.'etfiiire: V.liich trraifplantiiig ibinr of the L-ncolnlhirs iimc a few ye.irs ago, have much improw Q^<1 a #4 L I N ed their fizs in their ftill riclicr grounds. Their horfes alfo arc excellent, and large vi'ithal. LI'NCTUS, S. [from lingo, Lst.] a medi- cine, focdlled hecaiife licked up by the tongue. LI'NFJEM, S. [liiid, Sdx.] the lime-tree. LINE, S. [/;■/;■.-, Fr. hnca, Lar,] quantity extended in length only, without hrcadth or thicknefs; anyextenhon ; confidered only with legard to length; a llender firing : a thread extended as a guide or rule ; the Ctring that fufrains the hook in angling ; a lineament or mark in the face ; a hngle row of letters writ- ten or printed from one margin to the other. Rank, in the army. A wrark thrown up, or a breach, applied to fbrlificaiion. Extcnhon ; a limit. " Eden ftretched her /ins— from " Auran eaftward." Par. Loft. In Geogra- phy, the equator, or equinoftial line. In pe- digree, progeny ; family, or relations, confi- dered as afccndingor defending. In the plu- ral, a letter, cr any compofition written by an author. " I read your lines.'" To LINE, V. A. [li/mm, Lat.] to cover on the infide. Ll'NEAGE, S. [/.w^^, Fr>] r^cc? ; pro- geny ; f imily. LI'NEAL, Adj. [iinc-zHs, from Urea, Lat.] compofed ef lines delineated. " Li,:tv-/ de- " Cigns." jyotioi:. Defcending dirciftly as the fon from the father, &c. applied to genealo- gy. Allied by direft defccnt. '•' Only you *' are lineal to the throne." Dryel, LI'NEALLY,4dv. in a dired line, applied to pedigree. Ll'NEAMENr, S. [Fr. Uncamenium, Lat.] feature ; or any mark either in the face or form, which diftinguiHics one perfon from another. Ll'NEAR, Adj. {linearis, Lat.] compofed of lines ; having the form of lines. LINEATIOM, S. [lineatio, from linea, Lat.] a draught, or appearance of a line or linc^. LI'NEN, S, {Unum, Lat.] cloth made of hemp or fla:r. LI'NEN, Adj. [Uncus, Lat.] made of linen ; refembling linen in whitenefs. " Thofc linen »' cheeks of thine." Shak. Ll'NEN-DRAPER, S. [from limn, and di-api-r ; of drap, Fr. cloth] a perfon who fclls linen. See Di-.i/icr. LING, S. [ ling, I(L] a kind of heath ; a kind of fea-filh ufually dried and faked, from llnghe, Belg. "ling, the tcnr-nation, borrowed from the Saxons, commonly implies diminution, and is derived from kkin, Teut. little. Tlius cfufplin^,^^'^- from cnaf>, Sax. a boy, implies a little boy ; kitting, is a little kitten : lomctimes it denotes quality, and is then, according to Skinner, derived from langen, Teut. to be- long : thusy'KfA/wg' denotes the fcate of an in fant that fucks ; and hireling, the quality of a ^•rffc>tt who worka fov hire. L I O \ To LI'NGER, V.N. \leng, Sax. Ibrr^, \Ungcrn, Teut.] to remain long in a ftate of I languor or pain. Figuratively, to hefitate^ or be in a furprife. Perhaps thou livgrejt in deep " thoughts detained." Far. Rtg. To v.ait long in expeiflaiion or uncertainty ; to remain long in any ftate, as loath to Ifave it ; ■ Ling ring to be long in producing and effe£t. poifons." ShA. LI'NGERER, S. one who does any thing in fuch a manner as to protract the lime, or do it as (lowly as he can. LI'NGERINGLY, Adv. in a tedious ot del.iying manner. Ll'NGUADENTAL, Adj. in Grammar,. applied to the letters uttered by thejoint a(rHoiT' of the tongue and teeth. " 'Ihe linguadcntah ^'f,v,db." Holder. LI'NGUIST, S. [from lingua, Lat,] a tongue] a perfon Ikilled in languages. LI'NIMENT, S. [Yr.Unim,:ntum, Lat.] an ointment of any medicine that may be fpread or fmeared over a fore. Ll'NING, S. [from line, the verb] the in- ner covering of any thing ; that which is with- in. " The liri'ngs of his coffer." Shak, LINK, S. a Tingle ring of a chain ; any thing doubled, or forming a loop refembling the ring of a chain ; any thing that Gonnedls;. a chain. In Reafoning, a fingle part of a fcries or chain of confequencts; a propodtion. Joined to aforegoing and following propofi- tion, a fcries, a torch made of pitch and hards^ from ?vt;p(^v;5, Gr. To LINK, V. A. to conneft or join toge- ther as the links of a chain. Figuratively, to unite in concord or friendlhip ; to connefl, generally ufcd with together. "To link toge- " tber our duty and intereft." Tillotf. Ll'NK-BOY, S. a boy that carries a torch or link to light perfons in the night, Ll'NNET, S, [/;■«:?, Fr.] a fniall fjnging bird about the fvt£ of a (parrow, covered with brownllh feathers, LI'NSEED, S. [corrupted from lii-.tfeed] the feed of flix. LI'NSY-WOOLSEY, Adj. [from linen and ivsol} made of linen and wool mixed to- gether. Figuratively, vile, mean, compotrnd- ed of different and unfuitable parts j mongrel, " Linfy-wooijy brothers." Pope. LI'NSTOCK, S. [fejfrom hnte. or l^nter, Teut. andj9of/(J a ItafTof wood with a matcti at the end, ii'ed by gunners in firing can- non. LINT, S. lli:>tnm, Lat.] the foft fub fiance called flax ; linen fcraped by a knife into a foft wolly fubftance, ufed byfargeons to lay on wounds. LI'NTEL, S. [!inteai*x, from lintcal, Fr. J the upper part of a doorframe, which crofre* the two upright pods. Ll'ON, S. [Fr. leo, Lat.] the fierccft and- m.ofl ma^irnimous of wild beailsi LI'ONESS, S. a Ihe-lion, Ll'ON- L I S LT'ON-HEARTEO, AJj. of uncbiinte.' courage, likea lion. " Sce//fl/j-iw/r:^Rich:ird." /' LlP, S. {lippe, Sax. labiutr., Lat.] the edpe or outward part of the mouth ; that ma(cu- Jous part whicli Ihuts and covers the mouth, i)oth aUove and below. Figiii atively, the zigs of any thing. ''In wounds the /i/)5 fink." IV.ljctt:. I'd make a lip, is to hang the lip in an- ger and contempt, " I wiil make a lip at the *' phyficians." Shak. LYFO'THYMOUS, Adj. [from Xeitt* and ^vy.oq, Gr.] Avooning ; iainiing. " Klipotiy- ** mens languor." Ilui'vcy. LYPO'THUMY, S. [S^c Lypcdymous] in Medicii.e, a I'udden diminution or failure of the animril and vital fundions : a fwoon, or ■fainting fit. LI'PPED, Adj. [from lip] having lips. Li'PFITUOE, 5. [Fr. lippitudo, Lat.] a Jifeafe in the eyes, arifing fro.m a decay of •their natural moilture, whiih makes them feel dry, and appear red; called likevvife blear- ■ednei's ot the eyes. LI 'P WISDOM, S. an appearance of wif- dom in difcourfe without practice. " All is hut " Hp'ivifdom which waiits experience." Sidny. JLlQlJA'TION, S. [liquatvs, from /////i Lat.] the aft of melting ; capacity of being melted. " Congealed beyond liquation.'" Bmvn. To LI'QUATE, V. N. \l:quo, Lat.J to mc't or turn into lig^or. LIQUET ACTION, S. {lijuefaaio, Lat ] the adt of melting ; the ftate of a body that is melted. LIQUE'FFABLE, Adj. [from //^z/c/J;] ca- pable of Lein^ melted. To LI'QyEFY, V. A. [liqucfer^ Fr. lique- facio, Lat] to melt, applied io fire. To dif- iblve, appliiid to liquor. Ll'QUID, Adj. [liquidc, Fr. limidus, Lat.] fluid, or giving way to the fliglueft touch, boft or clear, applied to found. In Gram- mar pronounced without any harfhnefs, and applied to the confonants /, tn, ti, apd ;-. Ll'QUID, S. a body which has the pro- perty of fluidity, and of wetting other bodies isnmerged into it. To LI'QUIDATE, V. A. to clear away or leffen debts. In Commerce, to make bills current and payable. LIQUrDITY, S. fubtilty. LVQUIDNESS, S. the quality of having its parts ealily put in motion, and adhering to any thing immergcd. Ll'QL!ORICE, S. a fwcet root, ufed in medicine ; its flowers are red, like thofe of the hyacinth. Ll'QUOR, S. [liqueur, ¥r, liquor, Lat.] any thin^ liquid; generally applied to fome- thing which has fome inebriating or intoKi- cating ingredients Iteepcd in it. To LIQUOR, V. A. to drench or moiflen. To LISP, V. A. ^ii'/'fp, S*x, /?_//', Dan.] to L I T fpeak with too ficquent an application of the tongue to the teeth. LISP, S. the acH: of fpeakin<T with too fre- ^juent an application of !hetonT;ue to theteeih or palate. " Avery pretty ////s." Ta:kr.T<^o.6o. LI'SPER, S. one who fpeaks liiping, or , witli too fitquentan application ofliis tongue, to his teciji or palate. LIST, S. lliJle,Fr.'] a roll, or catalogue. Inclofed ground, in- which "lilts are run, and combats iiVt fought, •: hence to enter the lijls, is to coniend with a perfon, either with bodily (Irength, or by way of difputation and argu- ment. A flrip on the extremities of c'oth ; a border. " To let them ftand as a Lfi or mar- " ginal border." //fj.^t;-. To LIST, V. N. \lyj}im, Sax.] to chufs ordefire ; to !)e difnofcd or inclined to. " To '■ fpeak as they///?." Hooker. ToLISr, V. A. [from ///?, a roll] toen- lifl or regifler ; to retain an enrol as foldiers or failors ; to hearken to ; from hhjlnn, Sa>;. LI'S FED, A'li- flriped; marked with Hues or (freaks of a different colour. ToLI'STEN, V, N. \hlyfMu, Sav;.] to hearken or give attention to. LI'STEN'ER, S. one who hearkens or a't- tcnds to what another fays. LI'STLfSS, Adj. v\itliout any inclination or determination to one thing m^re than ano- ther ; carele/s; heedlefs. LI'STLUSSLY, Adv. without thought or attention. Li'lANV, S. [/-.'^wV, Fr. from >.iTa*Eia, Gr. fuyplication] a geneial fupplication ufed in public worfhip to appcafe the wrath of the Deity, and to reqiieft thofe virtues which a peifoii wants: tlie litany of the church of England is an excellent compofiticn. Ll'TERAL, Adj. [Fr. from /.VrtT?, Lat.] according to its primary and mofl obvious fenfc, oppofed to figuraiive. Following the letter, or word for word, applied to tranj2a- tions; confiltingoflettci-s. LI'TEl^ Af.LY. Adv. according to thepri- mary and obvious fciifcof words, oppofed to figuratively. With clofe adherence to the words or fcnfe of an original, applied to tranf- lutions. LITERATI, S. [Ital.] thejearned. "I " fhall confiilt (bme literati.'" SpcB. No. 581. It has no lingular. LI'TERATURE, S. [literatirra, Lat.] learning acquired by reading. LI' TH.'^RGE, S. I Fr. lytlargynm., Lat ] lead vitrified either with or without a mixture of copper. LITHE, Adj. [Sax.] limber ; pliant ; c.fi- ly bent. " 'bWs lithe probofcis." Far. l,nfi. LI'THENESS, 3. the>;iuality of being pli- ant, or eafily bent. Ll'THER, Adj. [from litkcrl foft ; pliant; affording little or no refiflance. " Through " the iiiber fky." Shuik, Bad j ferry ; cor- rupt. CLq 5 LITllV)'- L I T TJTIIG'MANCY, S. [from A.aoj, anj fiavT'ia, Gr. the art ct' pro.phtcyj preciic- tioo, or tlie art of foretelling by (tones, *' L:- " ti'rrancy, or devinatlon by tl.is tlone." LI rKON-TRl'PTIC, A^j. llithottrpn^ue, Fr.j in McciJcine, apfii^d to thofe rtincdics Mhich arc fuppofed to have ihe power of diT- f jiving tlic (lone in ihe bladder, or kidnies. LUKOTOMIST, S. [from XtS--?, and T'/.4vs), 'jr.] a /Lrgecn who extraQs the ftonc by cutting cr cpcniiig the bladder. LirHO'TOMY, S. [See Uihtoiry!] the trt cr piacl'ce cf cutting for die (tone LI'nGAMV, S. [Fr. /i.;5-!w, Lat.] one en^.-'gcd in a livv-fuit. " 1 he call Uil-rant.^'Dryd. L\' i IGANT, A'lj. engaged iiTa law-diit. To Ll'TlGA fK, V. h^ [litigi:tu:, oi liii- gc, Lst 1 to conieft in law. LI TIGA'ilON, S. [lir.gath, Lat.] a fuit ©f la-.'. LIII'GiOUS, Adj. [/iiigieux, Fr.] quar- rclfcme ; wrangling; fond oi going to jaw ; difpuMble ; controvertible. LirrGJCTUSLY, /,dv. in a quanclfome manner j in a nianiitr wliicii fr.t\\i> a I'ond- nefs of law-fuirs. LI r rGIO'JSNE:^>:, S. a wrangling difpo- fit on ; a fonuncfs (or debate or law-iuits. LI' r TEt^, S. [Ht er-, Fr.] a carriageboine by horfcs co.-n^ning a Led ; the ftraw luid .under aniaials or plants. A breed of young, generally applied to thofe of Avine. Any number of things thrown caiclefsly or ccnfu- fcd!y together. To LI rXEIl, V. A. t3 bring fo;th young, applied to Avine. To cover with thing? in "a confulld and lloveniy manner ; to r.:pfly c;.tt!c with l1ra\? to lie on. Ll'lLTF, Adj. Icoinpar. 'kfi, fuperlat. 1- Ji.] fiTi.ll in qii.nilty, .quality, liuoibcr, dig- nity, cr import..i:c£. LI'TTLE, S. a fmull fpace ; ^ fmall part or portion ; a fl-'ght affair. " How iittk gives '- ihee joy or pain.," Prkr. Not n.uch j r-arce any thing. '•' Tlitfc are fitted lor, and " nt:U elf:." Ch.c;::;. y LITTLE, AJv. in a fmali degree or qrautitv 5 ' rot r.i-jch. LrTTLF.N'ESS, S. fmallnefs of hulk or fiie; meanf cfj ; wcint of grandeur orditinity Li' rURGY, S. [XsTos-, public, and'£^-;o^ Gr. a workj a form of priyers ufed in pub- lic wonliip. The KnA;lifli liiurgs was fird C.>rnpore.f, approved, and eon(irnit^ in parlia- ment anro I548, the cficcs for the morning i-nJ evening prayer hti:>g t! en in the /Jnic foini as they [Lad in .It prefent, cxceptim tlut there was no conftiHo,-) a-id abiijlution t t'l? office hc'^inniug «i[h ihe LorJs praKr. In the CjmmuiMon, thclcn co.Tiinandir.enJs were e.nitrcd ; th.c rtf.rroiy was n-.ads wi.h brsad a.id lAineir.ixcd «ith water, and in thci pr^y r lor ( hrii'l'.^ church milira.-ir, ih.^nks vi'cre giveii to God f..r hi* wondci fnl grace dcc.-ivd in i.ii faints, in tlie Ulis'Ld V.r.L-'J L I V till? patTiaich-:, piophets, spofller, and msr* tyrs ; and tlie faints departed were coaimend- ed to God's mercy and peace : to this thecon- fecratory prayor, now ufeJ, was joined as a part, on y with (on e words now left out, pe- titioning that the bread and wine might be ti> us the tody ?.nd blood of Jefus, tlie beloved "ior., [s'c. Jn taptifm, befides the form of the cioii mcJe on the child's forehead, another was made on his brcalt, with an adjuration of the c'tvil to go out of him ; after which the child wa.s dipped three times in the font, ! ifiwcll, but othciwil^- fprinkled. Bcfides thefe, ("ome ciher ceremonies sre omitted in the office for the (id:, as is fuppofcd in 1551, when the form w.is altcicd at the (bliicitation of CaKin. LITUUS, S. [Lr-.t.] in Medals, the Aaff ufcd by augurs in the Ihape of a biltiop's cro- (ier. To LIVE, V, A. [pronounced with the / fliort, as in if ox ^'ft ; fiom hf.aJiy or lifig"'-. Sax. to be in a iV, te v\ herein the foul and body arc united and co-operate together; to pafs li(e in any manner with regard to habit, good or ill, happinefs or mifcry ; to continue in life. Followed by iviib, to converfe or continue in the fame houfc with another. " Then ii-ve •with m,e." Shak. To be fup- por ed 5 to feed. " Llt/e upon vegetables." Aduth, LIVE, Adj. [the ; prononnced long as ia time] qu'ck ; having life, oppoftd to dead ; ac- tive. Burning or not extinguiihed, applied to fi;e. " A /k-«coaI." i'tj'/f. Ll'VELIHOOD, S. [from Hvdy, and locd\ of hade. Sax.] fupport or lite ; maintenance ; iuihcicr.t to fuf ply the neccfTiries of life. Li'ViiLINESS, S. appearance of life. " Lii-eiirejs which the freedom of the pencil " makes app-.ar." Diyd. Vivacity; a^ivity ; fpriglitlinefs. LI'VELONG, Adj. tedious ; lafting ; du- rable. " Haft built thyl'elf a livelong monu- '• mcnt." liliJ.-. LI VELILY, or LFVELY, Adv. in abri(k vigorous, and atflive manner. With a ftrong relemblance, applied to dticiiption or paint- ing. LI'VELY, Adj. brifk ; vigorous ; gay I airy; nearly leprefcnting lite. " A li'vf'y imitation «' of it." Dryd. Ll'VEK, S. one who is alive, or conti- nues in life ; one who lives In any particular manner witii rcfpcd to virtue, vice, happinefs, or mifcry. In A."-jtomy, a large and pretty fold mi:fsof a dark red colour, a hrtle inclin- ed to yellow, /ituated immeJiately under the diaphragm, partly in the ri^lu hypochoo- diium, and partly in the epigraftium : its uCe i.? to purify the maA cf blood, by Hcreting the ^ilii.us humours it contains. LI'VER-COLOUR, S. a dsik ret colour. Li'VER-GROWN, Adj. having a grct o'.cr^rown livtr. LI'VFP,, L h O .II'VERWORT, S. there is a very Lcrai ^'''uJ flower oF iliis name, uliich is ca'lcd iv^ii- '^'■"s in Lar. from its refembiiiv^ the lcl)es ot t^ie liver. EcfiJcs whicli, tiiere :ire two plants called Helen-, that c.il!eJ aHi- coloured ground liverwort, is rcckoiied a great fpecific forcurino tlie bite of a mad dog. LI'V^-RY, S. [/kw, Fr. I in L^w. the aft of givin;j or taking poddTicn ; a releafe from a wardlhip ; t!ie writ by which polici- fion is obtained ; the (late of being ktpt at a certain rate ; cloatlis given to fervants ; any particiib.r dref's. Tojiand at U-vcyy, npplisd to horfes, fignifics to be kq=^ in a public (tabloj where they are fupplied with food. LI'VEliYMAN, S. a fervant who wears cloithsoi a particular CTloiir, which arc given; him by his madcr. In London, a citizen who wears a gown at nublic cavalcades, nnd has a li!)erty of voting for the members that reprefent the city in parliament, £ft. LIVES, S. the plural oi'llfe. LI'VID, Adj. ^Jlvldc, Fr.ii'vldiis, Lat.] dif colonved with a blow; black and blue. LIVI'DP Y, S. [Ic'vuiitc, Fr.j difcoloiira- tion, caufed by a blow ; a black an^ blue co- lour. LI'ViNG, S. Aipport ; maintenance ; live- lihood ; the benefice of a clergyman. LI'VING, Adj. [from live] in flate of motion or vegetation j alive j or enjoying life. LI'VIN'GLY, Adv. in a living ftate. LlXi'VIAL, Adj. [from /ww:.'w, Lat.] impregnated with falts; like a /•;r/x.'.'.-,7« ; ob- tained by calcining vegetai)tes, and mi.xing :their afl:es m ith water ; belonging to lie. LIXI'VI.-^TE, or LIXl'VIOUS, Adj. [/;>;- rvUux, Fr.] made from burnt vegetable^, and extracted by lotion or walhing. LIXi'VJVM, S. [Lat, J lie'j water impreg- nated with falts or alhes. LT'ZARD, S. mjarde, Fr. lufardo, Ital. Li- cei-tus, L.;t.J a fmall creeping ci'eatuicof a green colour, with four legs, rcfcrnbling a crocodile; rherf^arc (ome in Arabia a cubit lon^. In A- merica they are eaten by the natives of Peru. LLOYD, Mr. Robert, was educated at WeftiTiinncr - fciiool, wiih Mr. Charles Churchill, and the flriiftL-ft intimacy ful)- fifled between them. He was afterwards one of the ufhers of the fame fcliool. Ke was author of a poem called K.\tt.^clcr, which not only gave proofs of great' judgmeni: in the fubjeft he was treating of, but had al.'b the merit of fmooth vcrfification, and great ftrength of portry. He alfo v.ro'e a drama- tic paftoral CiWitA Jrcadia . in the beginning ot the poetical war, which for fomc time raged among the wits of tlie age, and to which the celebrated Rcfdui foimdcd the firft charge, Mr. Lloyd waS fufpcclcd to be the atithor of that poem : ihar chaige, how- ever, he exculpated hinnfelf f.on), by an ad- vertifcment in the public paper.- : on which occafjon the real author, Mr Chuicld;!, .boldly flepc forth, and in the faine pubLc L O A manner dsclared himfelf. The talents of Mr. Lloyd were eclipfed by thofc of Mr* C luirchili, qui omnes extir.xU, ftcihs 'X ortus I'ti irtb-rhis, yet he never (hewed the lea(t jealoiifyor envy on account of the deeded (upcriority which the public gave to his friend. Mr. Lloyd was mild and amia'^le in private life, of gentle manners, and very engaging in converfaiion. He was an excel- lent Icholar, and an Cdly natural poet. 11:3 peculiar excellence was the drelTing up all o.d thought in a new, neat, and trim manner. He was contented to fcamper rouiad the foot of ParnalTus on' his little Welch pony, which fcems never to have ti:cd. He left the f^irf of the winged deed, and the daring heights of the f.icred mountain, to the fublime gc- niu;of his friend. When the unhappy cir- cumftcnces of Mr. Lloyd at length had forced him to retire to the Fleet, the ti iendfhip of Mr. Churchill was the almofl fingle re- maining fi>urce of his comfort and fupport. He received the regular bounty of a guinea every v^eek, and the fame generous friend like- wife paid all the expcnces of a fervant, who conRantiy attended him. He had a very grateful heart, and his fufferings feemed to have added to the tendernefs of his nature. The death of Mr. Churchill was a fevere blow which he could not farmount, and he died lite- rally of grief, in the Fleet prilon, a ibort ume after he received the news of this melan- choly event. L L D. [kgiptura; dorior,!.^^.'] ^n abbre- viature, figniiying doftor of the civil law. LO ! Inierjea. [/j, Sax.] look ! fee! be- hold! LOACH, S. \lachc, Fr.j a fifh, of the non- fpirous kind, with only one fin on the back, it grows inot above a finger long, and is of a thicknefsproportionaoL toilskngih -, arid its mouth, like the barbel's, is under its nofe. LO.ii), S. [Ldi,Uadc, Sax.] a burthen ; a freight, or lading j as much weight as any pet ion or animalcan bear. Figuratively, any thing that dcprcfles, applied to the mind. To LO.WJ, V. A. to put goods on board a fhip j or liurthen on a man, or a bead of car- riage. Fii;,uranvely, to encumber or cm!iarrais. To'chargi-, applied to a gun, ot other fire-arms. To mike grievisus. LO'ADER, .S. a perfon who purs the freight on board a fliip, or a burtlicn oil a man, bealt, or in a carria;;:.-. LO'AD3^i.■\N, S. [from/W.vi, Sar..] a pi- lot, or a perfun thatcondmits into, and out of, hii hours. \ LO'ADSTAR, S. [more properly, as writ- ten by Mandevilie, iHufinr i fiom /icden, Sax. to lead j the po'e Uar, fa called from its kad- I ing and guiding manner. LO'AuSTON'it, S. fpropcily /M;//7vnf, or \ hj.d'n-.g Jl'jtic ; from l.-fdcn. Sax. to lead, and rt.)ne, on account of its guiding or dirccling niiriners by tire ULgdiC, which po'.nts, whco iti/uciivd with it, towards the no'tb' f' e 0^1.4. niagtict; L O C LOG r^agnrt ; a peculhr rich iion ore, found jthe flstc of being placed. :n large malTes, ot' a deep iron yrey, uhen tVelh broken, and often tinged vvitii a orown- i;Ti or reddiih colour : it is very hciivy^ and is remarkable for atttacliiig iron, and giving it ;in inclination or diiedliOu towards the north. LO.A.F, S. f pKiral /v^T'fs ; !af, Sax.] a mafs of bread baked : it is diltinguiihed from a c.i/;e by its tfiicknefs. Any nip.ls into which a ho- dy is wroiii^ht; but in this fenfc it is uftd gdjeaivcly. "As a piece o£ haf fugar." Met. LO AM, S. Uim, h.im. Sax. l::m, Belg. J the co-.r,:T3on earth, Confilling of cUy with a ;«ix- turc of fand in it: the black earth called mould; a reddiili earth ufed in making hi icks ; a kind ot mortar made of the beft earth, by temper- ing it -Aith water, Itrau', i:Sc. To LOAM, V. A. to fm car with loam, marl, or clay j to cover with cl>y. LO'AMY, Adj. marlcy, or clayey. "LOiN, S. [/V.-!.«, Goth. A.kM, Sax] any tliinTlent ; the intereft, prcmiitm, or confi- derafion for money lent j any tiling given to -another on condition of hisretbrmng it at a certain time. To LOATH, V. A. to look on with great d-.f'u'.t or abhorrence ; to fee ibod with naii- fcoufncfi or fqvieamillintrs. LO.A'THKR, S. one who confiders any thing with abhorrence'. LOCH, S. [Scot. X'jx^a, Gr.] a lake. "A " lake or locb.''^ Ckene. In Medicine, a com- pofitioii of a middle conliftence between a fy- rup and a foft cle(ftuary, ufed in d.leafes of the lungs. LO'CHfA, S. [Lat. X5;:^ia, Gr.] the evacu- ations confcquent on a delivery. LOCK, i). \Igc, Sax. hco, Uhettj, Ital.] an infliument with fpiings and bolts, uftd for the fccurity of doors, drawers, ^c. The part of a gun by which fire is flruck ; a quantity of hair or wool hanging together; a tuft or Imall quantity of hay. " Smelling to a /sti '' of liay." AiU'iJ. In a river, apl.cewhere the waters are confined by flood-^galc^, to fwclJ and jncrcafe, the natural depth and foice of the (hcam, in order to render it navigable. A pLce where thieves carry or hide Itolen goi'ds ; an h.ofpital, where none but perfons afr.ded with the vcnercd difeafe arc ad- mitted. To LOCK, V. A. to flint or faften a door, Cfc. by turning the key round in a lock. 1o lock ii!>, to Ihut up, or confine. To clofe. LOCKE, (JoHiO was born at Wrighton, fevcn miles from Bririol, in 1632. E is father belonged to the law, and was fleward or court- keeper to colonel Alex. I'o.jham : our author was fcnt by him to WefiminUcr-fchool, and •.v;;s removed from thence in 1651 to Chrill- church, Oxon, where he was a fludent. His LO'ATF-lFUL, Adj. full of abhorrence or I peculiar (ludy was phyfic, in which he made hatisf' ; abhorred or hated. Ld'AfHINGLY, Adv. in a manner that teflifies abhorrence or hatred. LO'ATHNESS, S. unwillingnefs ; reluc- tance j diiVike. LO'ATHSOME, Adj. abhorred; detefted; caufing fatiety, dilgult, 01 n.nitcouin.ls. LO.-\V£S, S. the plur..l of Loaf. LOB, S. [-V*/r, Ten?. J .'n heavy, dull, or flnpid perfon.* Lcb's po-.a-.J, a prifon j the flecks ; or a place of confinement. To LCD, V. A. [from the fubrtantivc] to let fall in a clownifh manner. " Lob down << their heads." Shak. LOBE, S. [Fr. from XoSsf, Gr.] a divifion, ordiuin^t p-^rt : uknlly applied to the two iii.-tr into wliich the lungs arc divided, and likexvi-.'e to the tip of the ear. LO'BSrtR, S. [%.,'/?;•, Fr.] a (hcU-filli, which when caught is Idarhil'h, but when boiled is red : a low cant word for a foot fol- dier. LO'BULE lobe fmall progrefs, rs appears from the dedi- cation of the great Sydenham to his Oifer-va- liciia Medkde. To enumerate the public em- ploys he was honoured with, and difchargei with no fmall praife, would be to reflect fame upon him from a quarter, vvhencs perfons of Lfs genius might expc£t it. For if we con- fider the great fervice he has done to philolb- phy and religion, by fubvcriing the babel of fcliool leainini;, overthrowing the fyflem of Arillotle, which was for fevcral ages looked on as the (iandard of truth, and his intro- ducing fuch a fyllem in its Head, as contri- butes to the enlarging our minds, the difco- veiing of truth, and the improving of reafon lo its utmofl extent, we mull look on him as a wonder, or at leaft a glory, not only to his own country, but likewife to his fpecies. His life was not kfs amiable than his writings ; his converfation being eafy and facetious : he won the love of thofc that knew him by his probity, and was always fafe fiom the at- [adi.minutive oi loU] a fmall t.icks, either of falfehood or a flatterer. His complaifance was free from fervility ; Jiis LO'CAL, Adj. [Fr. from /o,'w, Lat.] hav- lichaviour fuch as befpoke a perfon of great ing the pj-cpcrtiei of a place ; relating to experience, and as great humanity, on which pi.;CC ; befng in a particwiar place ; confined account he gained the refpeft of his in fe- pr appropriafed to any jarticular place. | riors. the elieem of his equals, and the confi- LOC-.LITV, S. cxi'nence in place ; rela dence of his fupeiiors. His temper was fome- tion of place or dif>ance. thing choleric, but foon pacified ; and if he LO'C.\'-LY, Adv. with refpeft to place. . retained any refentment, it was againfl him- LOCA' riOV, S. \_lo:ntie, Lat. j fituation fdf^ for having given way to a pailion, which with refpcft to p^"^^^ 3 '^^^ ^"^ "* placing ; I ha faid, might do a great deal of harm, but ' '* ■ pcvcf L O F never <5iJ any cood. His regard for religion was. great ami iinccre, and tli;it for the Clirii- tian dii'pcnfation higlier than Ibmecf liis ad- verfaries v.iil perhaps allow. His death, which he law approi-.ching through the vi'loes of ie- vcrjil j'c.iis, gu\e liiin no trouble; tor his thoughts ^nJ fir.dies, in his latter days, were employed purely in preparing tor it. LO'CKER, S. any thing that is faftened with a lock j a drawer. LO'v-KRAN, S. a kind of ranunculus. LOCOMOTION, S. [from /cr:..j, Lat.and yroiio, Lat. J tlie power ©r a<flion of changing place, " Allprogreflion or animal kconwdon," Broion. LOCOMO'TIVE, Adj. [fvom !scus, Lat. and mc-uec, Lat.] changing place ; having the power of moving from one pl.-xe to another. LO'CL'LAiMENT, S. [kcukr^, Lat.] in Bot.iny, a little didindl ceJl or partition in the feed veflels of plants. LO'Cu'ST, S. [iocujfay Lat.] an animal fomewhat refembling a grafshopper, but con- fidcrably larger, and of a brownifli colour, verydellru(ftive to vegetables, moving in herds v.hich are he.ided by a psrticu];.r one of tiie fpecie.";, and therefore not inelegantly com- pa!ed 10 an army. According to the Scrip- tures, they are very numerous in tiie Ealt ; and Dr. Pocock informs us, in his travels in- to Egypt, that thayare eaten by tlie natives of thofe parts. To LODGE, V. A. '[/ofi.m. Sax. %>-, Fr.] to fupply with a houfe to dwell in for a ceituin time; to afford dwelling, or admit a perfon to lie or dwell in the fame houfe. Fi- guratively, to place, fix, or plant. " Ideas " that are lodged m the memory." Locke. To take up refidence for a night. LODGE, S. a fmail houfe in a park or fo reft ; any fmall houfe or habitation. " A *' porter's kdo-e.''' LO'DGEMENT, S. lloghrert, Fr.] ac- cumulation, or the a.£t of -putting in a certain place. In Fortification, an encampment made by an army; the poflcfiion of an enemy's works. LO'DGER, S. one who lives in an apart- ment hired in the houfe of another; one that refides any where. LO'DGING, S. rooms hired in the houfe of another ; a place of refidence ; a place to lie in ; harbour or covert. LOFT, S. [Iloft, loft, Brit.] a fioor ; the higheff floor in a houfe ; roon)s in the highcft part of a building. LO'FTILY. Adv. |from lofty] on high ; in a place at a difiance from the ground up- wards. Figuratively, in a proud, liaughty manner ; fublimely. LOFTINESS, S. height or diflance from the ground upwards ; elevation j fubiimity ; pride or haughtinefs. LOTIY, Adj. [from loft or /j//] high ; ai a didauce from the ground ; iituated on LOG high ; fublime ; elevated , proud j hanglity. LOG, 3. [trom Icg^e, iielg.J u fhapekfs bulky piece of wood 1 igura lively, a fluggilh, inr.cllve perfon. An Helrew miafure, five iixths of a pint. " ri kg of oil." Le-v. xiv. !o. In Navigation, a Im all piece of timber of a triangular form, having lead at one end, to make it fwim upr'ght in th'e water, and a line fixed to tf.e other with knots at about forty-two feet tJiflance from each other : its ufe is to ke p account, and make an eftimatc of a fhip's way, by o!)lcrving the length of line unwound in half a minute s time, the fhip failing the fame number of miles in an hour, as the knots which are run out in half a minute. LO'GARITHMS, S. lloganthw, Fr. from Xoyoi; and asid/jic;, Gr.] certain arlaiciai num- bers proceeding in r.rithmeiical proorefiion, correfponding to as many olhers proceeding in geometrical proportion, and fohttL;<.i to the natural numbers, that if any two natural nu'iTibers are multiplied and divided by one another, the correfpondent numbers mliver all ihofc conclufions by addition or iiiLilrac- tion. They were invented by Kapler, lord ! Marchcfon, aScotch baron,andafrerv,ardscom- |plctedby:vIrBiiggr,,Savilianprofc-ilorat Oxford. LOGGfcR^.EAD, S. [from loggc; Belg. 'and hcdJ] a perfon that is ilupid, and of flow apprehenfion ; a blockhead. " Thiee or \-'- iour loggerheads." Skak. To f' II to logger- heads, or go to loggcrkcuds, is to IcuiKe or fight without weapons. LOGGERHE'ADED; Adj. dull ; flupid; flow of under'.landing. *' Your loggcrLcaueJ. " and unpoliffted groom." SLak. LO'GIC, S. [Icgi^ue, Fr. Lgka, Lat.] the art of ufing reafon well in our inquiries after truth, and the communication of k to others; a particular method of reafoning. LO'GiCAL, Adj. belonging to, o'rtaughc in logic ; fkilled in, or furniilicd with logic. " A clear and /oj-.'. ^.7 head.'' Spccl. No. 2.S1. LO'GiCALLY, Adv. reafoiulily; accord- ing to the rules of logic. LOGl'CL'\N,S. [logkien, F. logkus, Lat.] a profefibr of logic j a perfon vcrftd or Ikilled in logic. LO'GIST, S. \hg[f}a. Lat. r.oyo<;, Gr.] one fkilled in computations and arithmetic. LOGl'Si IC, Adj. [See Lcg,fi\ inV.rith- mefic, applied to the do£lrine or fe\ag.:iima| fra<rtions, uftd by aflronomers betorc .he in- vention of l;>garithms. A curve, to called from its properties and ufes in condrui^lingand explaining the nature of logarithms LO'G-LIN!', S. [SttLog.] in Navigation, a fmall line, fallened to a piece of boaid, and having knotj ;it ci rrain diltanccs, by which -i fhip's way is reckoned. LO'GWOOU, S. [looghe, Belg.] a wood of a very denfe and firm texture, brought to us -in thick and very large blocks or logs, and IS the hi-art of the tree that produces it, It is ,, very I. O N Very lieavy, nnd remaikably hard, and of a x3cep ftroDg red colour; has been ian^ known to rhe dyers, whoufe it in colounngbluo and black, and lately has been introduced into me- dicine, wherein it is found to be alhingent. LOIN, S. [pronounced I'v.c, from Ikuyn, Brit.] the back of an animal as carved by a butcher. In Anatomy, the lower part of the ipirc of the bnck. To LOI'TER, V. N. [hteran, Belg.] to iinf;er ; to make ufe of idle and iazv delays. LOITERER, S. one who paflis his time in idlencfs ; one who is lluggilh and dilatory. To LOLL, V. N. to lean in any idle or lazy manner againfl any thing. To hang out, applied to the tongue of a beaft. LON'DON, S. a city and county of itfelf, in Widdlefcx ; the fee of a bilhop, and the capital of Great Biirnin, and of ;;!! the BiitifQ <lominions. It is the royal rcSdence, and is fituated mortiyon the N. bank of the river Thnrnes ; part sf ir, namely, the l)orongh of South'.vark, a dcrpcndency cf the city of Lon- don, being in Suiry, and on ihe S. bank of the faid river; but London, and Southwark communicate with each other by means of a bridge of hewn (lone, confifling of 19 arches, which was 33 years in building, and fmid.ed in 12C9 ; and about a mile farther up the river is anothei- bridge lately built, fuppofed to be ■«ne of the lincft in the world, .ind called Wcftmrnfter-bridge. There is likewife one j'.ift 'bailt -between -the two, named Flack Friars bridge, which is fuppoicd one of the mod elegant in Europe. V/ithin the city walls, and i.'s ancient bars and gatfS, It takes in but a narrow compafs : but if, in the general ac- •ceptalion of London, we tnke in all that vafl inafs of buildings, reaching from RUc^wall in *he E. to Tothii'i-fields.in the W. from South- wark S. to Iflingtcn N. and from I'eterbo- rouph-houfe on (he bank-fide at V/e/lminfier to Cavendifh-fquare, and even to Marybone, and all the new buildings by and beyond Grofvenor and Hanover fcjuiresto the Brent- ford load one way, to the ACion road another a prodigy all this, of fuch buildings, as no- thing in the world does, cr ever did furpafs, except it was old Uome in Tr. jan's lime, when the walls of that city were iVid .to be fitty mihs in circuit, and the number of its i.nh.a- bitants (3,8oo,ccc. The figure of London is very irregular, being (tretched cut in build- ings at the plcafure of every undertaker, for ■conyenicncy of trade, or otherwife : whereas Rottie was round, with very few irreoula- ritles. Its form, however, including the city «f WtftminOer and borough of Southw;ark, is nearly oblong, being about five mi.es in length tiom \v . to E.it mciuUncd in a dire^ line from Hyde-paik corner lo the end of Limrhoufe ; and upwards of fix, if the ftreets be followed, or from Liniehoufe to the end of Tothillftreel in Wcftminftir, feven Biilcs and a half. London, including the L O N buildings on both fides the water, is in fome jplices three miles broad from S. to N. as ;from St. George's in Southwark to Shore-ditch in MiJvlLfc.^: ; or tAO miles, as from Peter- borough hcufc to Montaguc-houfc in Great RuiT 1-fireet ; and in fome pbccs not half 1 mile, as in Wapplng, and Icfs in Rotlier- hithe. Several villages, formerly franding at a great diftance, are now joined to the ftreets by continued buildings; and more making liafce to meet in like manner. Eur an aift ot parliament, obtained by the city of London, i.r 1760, for v.idening its paliages, pulling down its crowded gates, and Lying it 1 more open in many places, will probably put la ftcp to ther.rpid progrefsof buildings in the lextrtme parts of the town ; fince the city will I be then as healthy to live in as any of the out flcirts, and eijually commodious ; and be not Ibliahle to fucli dreadful conflagrations as have I happened wiclun thefe few yeais from too , much crowdir.g. The number of inhabitants (have been varioully gucflcd at ; Maitland; lin 1739, com-^utes, tliat within the wills and jbsrsof the city are 725,903; but Sir "V^'il- lliam Petty, ot his kft computation, fiippofcd 'it to contain a million ; though in this he takes in a greater comp.-fsfuie than Maitland, And in the Lrge curcuit abovcmentioiied, f(iys the author of ti\c Tour, it may be rc?.- fonably concluded tiiere arc about 1,500,000 fouls. This citv is under excellent regular tions, particularly vvi;h regard to beggars, lights, pavements, &c. It is governed by a lord mayor, twenty-five aldemien, two (I'.eritfs, the recorder, and CQmmcn council; their j'j, ildi..^ion hSiug cojifmed to the city and its liberties, as alfo 10 Southwark. They are confervators of the river Thames, from St.ties-biidge iu Surry and Middlef?x to the river Medway in Kent ; and f->me fiy up to RocUefter-bridge. The government of the ont-parts is by juftices and the flicrifTs of London, who arelikewife flierifFs of Middle- fcx. What adds nxsft lo the afHuence and fpicndor of this great city, is its commodous port, though near foity miles from the main iea ; whiihir many thoufand (hips of burthcu anr.ually lefort from all parts of the world : and thole ot moderate bulk can come un as far as Lcn Jon-l)ridge, though the very largeft arc ftill lower down in the river ; while 1-jrgc barges and weft-coiintry boats an go throiigh bridge, ^ind a great diUance up the Thame;, carrying goods of all kind to atid from tlic mctiopolis. London is reckoned to have two thirds of the whole trade in England. 'I he ftrength .&f thi."; city, having no fort of fortifications, unicfs we rcckor< the Tower of London .-s its citadel, confifts in the number of Its inhabitjnts, wim are com nio.ily com- puted to be one feven th of all the people in Tngland, and one eighth of the whide hi Great Britain. The town is well fupplied vvith water from the Ihames, the New River ' brought L O N !).i-onoht from Ware in Hertford (hire, snc? the fpring-. at Hampllcad. London annuallycon- fumes above toOjCOO fheep and lambs, and 100,000 head (jf Cattle, befiues a vaft number of hog-,pi^s, poultry of all kinds. Gfc. &c. In the Iheets ply daily about 800 hickney- coaches, befides a great number of fedin chairs. The peuny polf, for carrying of let- ters, or fmall paper parcels within the bills of LOO Followed by rgc, at fome period of timi? far diftant. " Spread long ago'' Tillatf. All along, or throughout: when tollowed by afubflantive. " Singcth all lught U'lg." Shak. l.ONG, S. [from gelM:fr, Sax.] by the fault; by the failure. " All thiscoyl is long " of you." Shnk. This word, thounh much uifufcd, is purely Englilh. To LONG, "V. N. \gda?:gc», Tcut.] to mortality, or ten miles round London every 1 dtfire earncftly, to wifh for with a continued way, is a great conveniency. Here is a royal and ardent defire focitty, founded by king Charles IL who hold their meetings under a prcfident at their houfe in Crain-ccurt, Fleet-drecr, whe;e an obfervatory, library, and mufacum : and in jyci a foclety of antujuaries obtained a char- ter. The public places for amufemenr in this city are numerous ; as in fummer, Ranelagh, Vauxhall, aud Marybonc garder.s ; alfo St. James's and Hyde parks, with a great variety of others of lefs note : and in winter are pbys, operas, balls, concerts, feft". Lonrion confilKs of feventy-two companies, each of which has a mailer and wardens, or alli(fants, r.nnually chofcn. The cScy is divided into twenty-fix wards, and over each prefides an alderman, who has his deputy ; and out of the court ot aldermen is annually chofen a lord mayor, w'50 re.Qde.':, during his mayoralty, in an ele- gant and fpac'ous Itrufiiire, finilhed in 1751, and called the Manfion-houfe : but its not LONGANI'MITY, S. Sjovganh^itc, Fr. longijnhnitas, Lat.J a difpofition of the minj which confiils in bearing ofTences with pa- tience. LO'NG-BOAT, S. the largcfl boat be longing' to a fliip. LONGE'VITV, SMontravus, Lat.]lcn'vth of life. LONGIMA'NOUS, Adj. [loi^guma.n, Fr. hngimanin, Lat.J long handed; hi^ving long hands, or a long reach. LONGI'METRY, S. [hngcmUnc, Fr.] the art of meafuring lengths. LONG'INGLY, Adv. with inceflani wifhes and ardent defires. LO'NGISH, Adj. fomewhat long. LO'NGITUDE, S. fFr. from hr.gitudo^ Lat.] in its primary fignification, length. In Afhonomy, thediflance of a ftar from the nrll: point .'\ries. In Geography, the diliance having yet a fiiilicient opening round it, great I of a place from fome of the firfl: meridians, part of its beauty is loft to the eye. London In Navigation, the diftancc of a ftip or place, fends four members to parliament; and lies either eaft or welt from each other. The about 320 miles S. of Edinburgh, 2C2 N. W of Paris, 186 W. of Amflerdam, 520 S. W. of Copenhagen, 613 N. V/. of Vienna, 264 S. E. of Dublin, 865 N. E. ot Madrid, 841 N. W. of Rome, and 1389 N. W.ofCon- (iantinople, lat. 51 deg. 32 min. N. and un- der the firfl: meridian of our Englilh maps. LONE, Adj. [contracted from alone\ fo- litary, or v.ithou: inhabitants ; by one's felf, or without company. I. O'N EL L^ '}>..•>>, "?. [from lo)ielf\ want of inhabitants or builciings; want of- company LO'NELY, Adj. without any inhabitants or buildings; folitary, LO'NENESS, S. folitude ; aplaceunfre- qvunted, and void of buildings. LONESOME, Adj. unfrequented ; void of company, inhabitants, or buildings ; dii- mal. ' LONG, Adv. \hng, Sax. and Fr. kngus, I.at.Jwitlr fome continuance, applied to time; t'ilitjry. ♦' Death will not be lung a coming." Ecchf. xiv. 12. Of great exten't in length ; reaching to a great diltance. LON G, Adj. to a great length or fpace. For fome time, or a great while, applied to time. In the comparative, longer, it implies a greater fpace, or more time; and in the Itiperlative, loi:geft, the greateft fpace or moft time. " Thofe who have the longefi had illue." Lociie. After not, it implies foon. " Ni,t ;•' ieng after there arafe," ABi xxvi, 14. finding the /o?.'^zVa(/s<jr/£'a, has perplexed the mathematicians of all age=, and ti)e parlia- ment has promifed a conliderabli reward for the invention. LO'NGITUDINAL, Adj. [Fr.] meafured by the length ; lengthwife. LO'NGSOMc, Adj. tedioufnefs. Weari- fome on account of its Icogth, applied to time. LO'NG-SUFFE?vIMG, S. patienee under offences ; clemency. LO'N'G WAY'S, orLO'NGWTSE, Adv. in the direflion of the length ; lengthwife. LO'NG WINDED, Adj. longijreathcd ; tedious. LOO, S. [/oi/f?, Rclg. becaufe the odds are fo great, that a peribn looesj a game of cards, wherein the knave of clubs is reckoned the highcli, and fecures fucccfs to the per- fon who has it. LO'OBILY, Adv. [from hohy^ aulc- ward ; cliimfy; clownilh. LO'OBY, S. [//oie, Brit.] a clumfy down. LOOF, S. \ufc.n, Ssx. ) the part of a (hip aloft, which lies before the chefs trees. To LOOF, V. A. to bring the (hip clofc to a wind. • lo LOOK, V. N. {hcav, Sax. htggtr.y Bclg.J to direiff the eye towards any object ; to feem or carry an air, mien, or appear- ance. '• Lools very fullen." Burnet. T» hok aftcr^ to attend to ; to take care of. T» look LOO LOR hakfer, to «pe£^. To Lok Into, to examine ; j firmnefsor fixedncfs. A difpcfition oFniirJ, to fjft ; to infpeft clcfely or obfcr\e nar-i or a conduct not reftrained by any principle rowly. Uled with on, to refpect, regard, o^l-jw, charity, morality, or religion, applied «ftccm, confiderj view, or thitm. •' 1 looked] to the manners. In Phylic, a habit ot body *'<;;.' Virgil as a fiiccincl, majelUc writer. ' M ^^hercin a perfon is ojligcd to go ottcn to Dijden. To /o<;i 6«/, to fe.iclror feciij to be 'tool- oil the watch. " Bound to kokout (harp." Ccll.\ LO'OVER, S. an opening for the fmokc LOOK, Interj. f properly the imparativc^ to 2° ""^t ^t tf^coof ot' an houfc. of the verb, and fomeiimcs exprelied by; '^ o LOP, V. A. to cut off the branches lock ye} behold j kc iodk, ol)fcrve, LOOK, S. air ot" the face, or cafl: of the countenance; the aft of looking or, feeing ; the a£t of directing the eye towards. LOOK'ER, S. a fpeftator; a beholder. hooker on, an idle or unconcerned fpeift.itor. LO'OKING-GLASS, S. a elafs which of trees, iigurativcly, to cut offa part from any thing. LOP, S. that which is cut from trees; a flea, from loppa, SweeJ. or -«//>, Scot. LO'PPEK, one that cuts branches from trees. LOQUA'CIOUS, Adj. [Itquax, loquach. reprefcnts the !oim of a perfon by refieftion. Lat.j tuil of talk; talking to excelis ; Ipeak LOOM, S. a frame in which manufaduiesj ing, or vocal ; blabbing. are woven. ] LOQUA'CiiY, the quality of talking To LOOM, V. N. [leont^r, Sax.] at fea, to to excels appear. LOON, S. a forry fellow ; a fcoundrel. LOOP, S. [k'.pen, Bclg.j a thread or twifV, feff. doubled in fuch a manner, that a firing or lace may be drawn through it. LO'OPED, Adj. full of holes refembiing loops. " Your /cc^erf and wmdow'd ragged- *' nefs." Shak. LO'OPHOLE, S. an aperture in a loop; a hole to give pafiage. figuratively any (hift or evafion. LO'OPHOLED, Adj. full of holes, open- ings, or void fpaccs. " Ihis uneafy hcf- ^ /.c/"</jail." HuM. To LOOSE, V. A. [hj^an, Sax.] to un- birid or untie any thing fafiened j to relax, applied to the joints. To freeliom any obli- gation ; to let go. LOOSE, Adj unbound ; untied ; not rc- flrsir.cd, tight, or confined. " A looje robe." Y/anion oi not rclTr-fined by the di<flates of modefty. " Lccfe epifiics violate challe eyes." Dryd, Dittufe, applied to Rile. Difengaged from any obligation ; ufed with from and fometimes »/■. "Lccfe of my vow." ylddij'. To brcek hcj'e, to get rid of any reftraint by force. LOOSE, S. liberty ; freedom from any conftraint ; indulgence, ufed with give '' Gk.'e a looJc to ferrow.'" Addif, LO'OSELY, Adv. in a manner that is Xiot faft or firm, applied to any thing tied. Without any union or connexion. " Exilt " loojely and feparately." Ncrris. Irregularly, .•r not refirained by the rules of chaltity or virtue, " Living Iccfely," Cnn-.bd, To LO'OSEN, V. N. to undo any thing that is tied ; to be made lefs compadf or co- herent. " By /co/evr/^jg- the earth.'* Bac. To feparate or divide ; to free from reflraint, or fet at libeity. " Itloojens his hands." Dryd To remove any obllrutlion in going to {tool; to cure of coftivcnefs. LO'OSENESS, S. the (late of the things whic^ are mcveable, and deprived of thdr LORD, S. [from hlaford. Sax. a giver of bread, alluding to the hoipitality ot our an- cient nobles: it was afterwards writ»en la- ford, and liicnce contracted into Isrd, frora hlf, Sax. a loaf of bread, and ford, Sax. to fui)plyj a perfon inveficd with iovereign power over others : mafier. " But now I " was/a/v/— of this fair manfion." Shak. A tyrant, or one v.ho exerts his power to the diHrefs of thofc that are fuhjedt to him; a title of honour given to thofe that are noble cither by birth or ere ;tion, and invefled with the dignity of a baron : by courtefy, it is ap- plied to all Ions of a dwke or marquis, the eldclt fon of an carl, perfcns in honourable offices, and to one that has a fee, and confe- oiiently can cLim homage of his tenants. Jn Scnptare, it is peculiarly applied to Gtd, and fcems tube a traullation of Jehovah, the incommunicable name of God. " Then " lliall theLo;-</ be my God." Ge«. xxviii. 31. In the New Tefiament it is likewife given to Chrill, who is coequal with the Father as touching his godhead. " How then did Da- " vid call him Lord." Matt, xxii. 43, and 45. jckn XX, 28. In this fenfc likewile, the word is applied to the Holy Ghoft, 2 TheJ. iii. 5. To LORD, V. N. to exercife unbounded authority or power. To behave like a tyrant, ufed with o^ijer. LO'RDING, S. a lord; ufed in con- tempt. *' To lord'wgi proud I tuue my lays," Sw'ft. LO'RDLING, S. [from lord, and %, a diminutive determination] a little deminu- tive, or contemptible lord. " Fiom lordlings fprung;" Swift. LO'RDLINESS, S. dignity; high ftation. Figuratively, pride or haughtinels. LO'P<.DL\, Adj. becoming a lord, in a good fenfc. Proud, haughty, imperious, in- lolent, in a bad fcnfe. LO'RDSHIP, S. dominion ; power ; feig- niory ; domain j a title of honouj- given to a 3 baron ; L O U baron ; a complimental addrefs to a judge, and fon-.e other perfons in office. LORE, S. [/.^;r, Sax. from Z<friZ«, Sax.] a Icflon ; doftrine, or inflruftion. " The " will — heard not her lore. Par.Lofl. To LORICATE. V. A. [lorka, Lat.] to plate over. ' ' Nature hath lorkated or ** plaftered over." Ray. LO'RIOT, S. a kind of bird. To LOSE, V. N. fpreterandpaffive/o/?. This word is difiingiiifiied by its pronunci- I. o u with a great exalt.ition of voice; in a cla- morous or turbulent manner. LOL'DNESS, S. that quality of found which makes it to be heard at a great dif- tance, and to (trikc the drum of the ear with great foice. To LOVE, V. A. \lupn, Sax. Ikven^ Belg.] to regard with great defire r.nd aSec- tion ; to be pleafed with ; to be fond o':. LOVE, S.*f/fo/; Sax. Ik-ve^ Teut.] the ardent defire of an objccfl which fcems ami- jtion from Icofe, though both of them are! able; tha't pafTIon which is excited at tli founded as iffpelt with a double co : it is de rived from leofon. Sax.] to fuffer the want of any thing a perfon was poflefled of before. ; to millay or have any thing gone, fo as it can- not be found again, Ufed with the reciprocal pronouns bimfdf, &c. to bewilder ; to l)e em- barafied in an inextricable manner. " Whcre- " in the mind lofes ir/i/y." Loch. To poflefs BO longer, oppofed to retain. " They loji " tlicir trade of the woollen manufactory." Gmiint. Tomifs ; to be unable to recover. " Many more are /o/Z tlian Killed." Clarend. Neutcrly, to be beaten at any game or contelt, ©ppoftd to ivln. LO'SEABLE, Adj. fubjeft to be irreco- verably taken away. LO'SER, S. one that is deprived of any th'ng he was in poileffion of, by accident, fraud, gaming, or miflaying ; one that fells for Jefs than he buys. LOSS, a diminution of a perfon's wealth or poiTefTions by fraud, by accident, by mif- laying fo as not to be able to find again, and by fulling for lefs than prime coll j any detri- ment fulbincJ ; throwing away. LOST, Part, and Adj. [from lofe] not t- be found ; not to be perceived. " Half in va- " pours loJi. Dryd. LOT, S. [h/Mt, Goth. Net, hlythe. Sax.] a die or any thing ufed in determining a chance ; a condition or chance, determined by lot ; condition, circumftance, or Rate, af- figned by Providence ; a portion or parcel of goods J the proportion of taxes afltfled a per i<)n by the proper officers ♦' lotr LOTH, Adj. unwilling; dirtiking, LO'TION, S. [Fr. from ktk, Lat] a medicine compounded of aqueous liquids, and ufed to waih any .part with. LO'TTERY, S. [Fr. from hq a kind of public game at hazard, At on foot by au- tliority, in order to raife money for the Oate, confifting of a number of blanks and prizes, which are determined by tickets put in two oppolite wheels, and drawn by different per- fons, one of which contains all liie num- bers, and the other all the blanks and fight of anyobjeft that appears amiable and lefireable : it is divided irf to two fpecies, "uix, the love of friendfliip, and of defire, the one betwixt friends, the other between lovers. When applied to the affeflion we fhould ha»e towards our Creator, it is the v.diole man C3:erted in one defire. Figuratively, a lover ; an obje<fl of love; a kind of thin filk, of a black colour, ufed for borders on garments durina a perfon's vvfiiring mournin». LOVE-KNOT, S. a figure made of many twiftings and circumvolutions, to denote the inextricable ardour of a perfon's affedion LO'VELINESS, S. qualities of mind or body wliich excite love. LO VELY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to excite love. LO'VELY, Adj. fitted to excite love. LO'VER, S. one who has an ardent aflec- lion for one of anot!>er fex ; a friend 5 one who likes any thing. LO'VESICK, Adj. languifhing with love. _ LO'VESOME, Adj. lovely ; fo as to e.^- cite love. " Or beautiful or /ti;f/i».v can ap- " pear," Diyd. LO'VE-SUIT, S. courtffiip ; or the ad- dredes of a perfon to one whom he lover, in order to gain her affctlion, " Hvs kzrefuit " hath been to me — as fearful as a fiege." " Shak. LOU'GH, S. [/cch, Irilh, loh. Sax.] a lake ; a large inland ftanding water ; a long bay or part of the fsa that runs up a great way into the land. KeeLoch. 'To pay fcot and] LO'VJNG, Part, kind ; affedionate ; ex- pre/Iing kindnefs and affc(ftion. " Loving " words." EJi/j. xv. 8. LOVTNG-KINDNESS, S. tendemefs ; favour. LOVINGLY, Adv. in a manner that (hews great love, kindnefs, and affciftion. LOU'JS D'OR, S. [Fr. pronounced Jj?- e dore] a golden coin in France, valued at feventeen (hillings. To LOUNGE.V. A. [/ur:dc>'cn, Belg. o;Wfr li terns, I r.] to loiter, or go about without en- gaging in any employ ; to live in an iJleanJ lazy manner. LOU'NGER, S. an idler. LOUSE, S. [plural /kc ; /us, plural, /ys, Ifl. /-(s. Sax.] 1 fmall infcd which breeds on the bodies of men or animals, and -ire of dif- tUe head loufc is generally flu*- prizes. LOUD, Adj. [hlud. Sax. /uyde; Belg.^ noify ; ftriking the drum of the ear with great ibrce ; cbmorous ; turbulent. LOU'DLYj Adv. with a grcj>t Boifej fer^Pt ff^cies LOW Ituggifb, thnt of the body more tfanfpsrenf, and more nim'.ilc. This ijame is likewifcap- plied to anim.ils that rtfemblc tlie former ; hence we make ufc of the v\orJs, kuk-lke, XVDcd-llC(, d'c. To LOUSE, V. A. [this word is diflin- miifhed from the fubftanlivc by pronouncing Uic\s like »j to hunt for lies j to cleanfc fiom lice. LOU'SiLY, Adv. in a paultry, mean, bafe, and fciirvy manner. LOU SiNESS, S. the quality of abounding in lice , LOU'S Y, Adj. rearming, or over- run wUh lice, Figurjitively, mean ; low-born, or bred ; poor. LOUT, S. [/utum, Lat. k-^d, Da'.in.] a niein, aukward, (liipid, and cluv. nilh fellow. To LOUT, V. N. [Utna^, Sax.] to bend the body by way of obeilfance ; to make a Low; to (loop. " Liutir.g low." Ben Johif. LOUTISH, Adv. clownilh; aukward. *♦ The /£)«.'?/& clown.' Sidney. LOU'TiSHLY, Adv. 'after the manner of a clov.-n, or an aukward, ill-bred pcr- fon. LOW, Adj. llJgur, Ifi.] applied to Htua- tlon, impjifs comparifon, and being nearer to the earth tiian fomeihing c!:e : in this fenfe it is oppofcd to hi^h. Applied to Ma- ture, meafuring little, and oppofed to tall. Applied to ftationor condition, mean, or not above the vulgar. Applied to price, not fold or piirchafcd for much money ; cheap. Ap- plied to time, laie. Applied to the mind, deprefied or de^jecled. Applied to found fcarce audible. Applied to (tile orfentiment, mean, groveling, vulgar, Ixife, or dilhonour- able. In Medicine, to make ufe of ablli- Ufrnce, " To keep the body lo^v.'" Lew in the tvorid, implies reduced, or in poor circum- Itance?. LOW, Adv. not high, applied to fitua- tion. Cheap or of low price, applied to va- lue. Mean or bafe, applied to rank, cir- cumfiancc, thoughts, or expreffions. Applied to the voice, in fuch a manner as fcarce to Lc Iieard. To LOW, V. N. \lkivav. Sax. loeyen, Belg.] to bellow, or make a noifc, applied to that made by oxen, bulls, or cows. LOWE, from the Sax. bUi^nv, dr laizv, Goth. fj;;nifies a hill, heap, tomb, or barrow, aiid is ufcd in the namesof places. To LO'V/ER, V. A. [pronounced lo-c, the comparative of /t/w] to bring lower ^ to ftrikc -i fl ig by way of fubmiflion ; to leflen the value or price of a thing; to make weaker, by the addition of fome weaker liquor. Figuratively, to dcprefs or lefieii .-> pcrfcn's pride. Neuterly, to link } to fall ; to „,nw leO. '^ LC'VVEUMOST, Adj. fthefuperlative of /(W which ii thus compared Mf, liwr, L O Z /r.7y--«o,'?] l-clow all others in placj, clrcurtf- (lances, or rank. I.O'WLAND, S. a vale, or pUin ; op. pofed to an eminence. A country (itListcd low, when compared to thcncigbouring hills. LO'WLV, Adv. in an humble manner; meanly or without dignity. LO'WLINESi, S. a difpoGtion of mind wherein a pcrfon thinks humbly ofhimfelfj rasannefs ; want of dignity. LO'WLY, Adj. humble; thinking modeft- ly of one's felf ; of low rank ; mean ; want- ing di^niiy. i.O^WLY, Adv. in an humble or meek manneji-; without any appearance of grand:ur, or dignity. LO' WN, S. Ikcn, Belg.] a rafcal or fcoun- dfel. LOW'NESS, S. the quality of being near the ground, applied to fituation ; of (hort mcafitre, applied to flature. Meannefs, ap-" pled to condition ; want of rank or dignity. VV^nt of loftinefs or fublimity, applied to thoughts or (lile. Deje(flion or dcpredion, ap- plied to the mind. To LOWR., V. N. [the OTw is pronounced as a dipthong, like that in mtv\ to appear dark, gloomy, or ftormy. To be clouded, applied to tlie (l<y. To frown or look ful- Ln ; to appear angrj',. applied to the coun- tenance. LOWR, S, [the ctu is pronounced as a dipthong, like that in r.oiu\ cloudinefs or gloominefs, applied to the (ky. An appear- ance of an'jer, applied to the countenance. LOW'RINGLY, Adv. with cloudii-efs, or g'.ocinincfs, applied to the fKy. With an ap- I pearance or air of anger applied to the coun- tenance. LCAV-SPrRITED, Adj.dejedcd; depref- fcd ; without vioour or vivacity. To LOWT, V. A. to look foiirly, furliiy or clovniPiily. LOXODROMIC, S. \!o.-<odnmui, Lat. fioiri Xo*;f, and fpr/woc, Gr. j the art of oblique jailing by the rhomb, which r.lways makes an equal ang'e wiili cveiy merid.an. LOY'AL, Adj. I Fr.| obedient or true td the dut,y owing to a prince. Figuratively, faithful in love, or true to a lover. LOV'aLISTS,S. one who profedL-.? an in- .iolahlc adherence to a king: a term given to thofe who adhered to king Charics I. in the reat rebellion. LOY'ALLV, Adv. with inviolable ad- herence and fidelitv to a king. L0Y''\LTV, S. [ioiavlte, Fr.] firm and inviolable adherence to a prince. Figtuative- Iv, fi.V.iiy or immoveable attachment to a lover. LO'ZENGE, S. \Icf:ngc, Fr.] a figure corifi'ting of four equal or'paraHd fides, two i)f whofe anglp.": are acute, and the other two ohtufe, the diflancc between the two obtufc onc^ being equal to iJie length of one fiJe, la LUC In Heraldry, a rhomb, or fi.«^iue of four eguaS (ides, but unequal anf.les, refcinliling a diamond on cards : in this all unmarried g-a- tlewomen and widows bear thtir arms. In iVIt-'dii ine, a remedy made up into Imall flat pieces, foniething ctiMn ihefonn ofalozcnge, to be held and chewed in the moudi till dif- lolved. LP. an abbreviature for loriijhip. LU'LBARD, S. [from /.'.'/;Xc-^] a lazy, flurdy fellow,. " Their curmuJg;ou /.vii/.i/ji." Siv]Ji. LU'BBER, S. [from luhhcd, Dan.] a ftur- dy drone ; an idle, far, or bulky perfi^n. LU'RHERLY, Adj. lazy and bulky. LUB'iJKRLY, Adv. in an aukwarJ, la- zy, and clumfy manner. IAj, S. a game of cards. See T.oo. LU'BRIC, Adj. {luby\cin, Lat.J fi^pery .- or fo fmoo'.h oFlcrfacs that things would Hip offv. ith the leafl lloping. To LUBRI'CATE, V. A. [from hhncm, Lat.j to make frnooth or flipperv. ToLUBRI'ClTATE, V. A. See Luh/i- cr.te, LUBRrciTY, ?. [lulridt^', Fr ] /lipperi- nefs or fniooihnefsof Ibrrace ; aptnels to glide overany pare, or to facilicitc motion. Ih: " lubricity of the oil. Ray. Uncertainty ; ilippeiinefs; inftability. The luLrldy of "fortune." L Effrang. Wantonncfs ; itwd- nefs. ♦' As if wantonnefs and lubricity were " eflcntia!." Drpi. LU'GRlCOUi, Adj. [lubrlcus,L.3.i.'\ flip- pery; fmooth. " Voluble, and lubrictn as " udlasfine" TVeodtu, LU'BRI FACTION, S. [from lubrku^, Lat. and/i/fir, Lat.j the aft of making fmoth cr llippery. LL'CRIFICATION, S. \luLrkus, and fio, Lat,] tile aifl of rendering fmooth, or fo fiip-i pery as v> render motion cafy, ) LUCENT, Part, {luco::, Lat.j bright;} fhining ; dartinj; rays. " Tlie fun's lucent ♦' crb.-^ MUt. LU'CID, Adj. [liicidi. Fr. from hcidu^, Lat.J Ihining ; bright ; glitteringj " Lucid, " like a glouvworni." A'c-.vt. Opt. Tranf- parent. " Lucid Orc.ims." Par. Loft. Without any difordcr of tlie mi;id, applied to thofc intervals ol fenfe, which are fome- times met with in mad nerfons. LUCI'FEROUS, /ij, {huifcr, Lat.j bringing light either to t|ie eye, or nr.n.l, LUCI'FIC, .Ad. making or producing ligijt. " Though their /«c//ff motion Lccon- " tinned. " Grew. LUCK, S. l^gehick, Belg.j any thing which happens uncxpciftediy in a jicrfon's fa- vour; fortune cither good or bid; any event that happens without being dcfigned or forc- fccn. LU'CKILY, Adv. in a foitunatc man- ner. LU'CKINES", S. the quality of tuinlno L U K out to a perfun's adv^iiilage, thaugh unJjf* fignedor unforellcn by iiimfelf; cafual hap- pincfs. LU'CKLESS, Adj. unfortunate, or \hi- happy. LU'CKY, Adj. lg:chu-kig, Belg.] fortunate without any dclign, or contrary to expcdta- lion. LU'CRATTVE, Aiy [luc-etif, Fr.j gain- ful ; profitable; lirin<Miig money. LU'CRE, S. [lucruKi, Lat.J gain j profit ; incrcr^fc of money. LUCRI'FEROU3, Adj. [from lucrum, and f:rc, Lat.J profitable; producing gain. " Nor /.■rcriri-rnis." Boyll. LNC'<I'FIC, Adj. producing gam. _ LDCROU'i, Adj. 'J:icroru!, Lat.j procu- r'ng g;:!n or prof.t. LUCPA'-nCN, S. wrefiling; rnivin^J flrugglin'T. LU'cfuOUS, Adj. [/«cvOT>, Lat.] for- rowful. ^ To LU'CUBRATE, V. N. {hcuhvattts, from lucruhor, Lat.j to watch, or ftudy by night, LUCUBRATION, S. XJucuhrati,, Lst.] (ludy by candle-light ; any thing compofcd by night. " Thy hcuhvni.nt. have been pe- nifed." SpcEl. No. 78. LUCUBRA'TORY, Adj.[/«a/i;-^/aj, Laf.] compofed by night or candie-lighr. " Write " any eriiflle lucuhrarmy to your triends." Poi>e. L'J'CULENT, Adj. [l^cuUntw., Lat.] ccr- t.r.n; plain ; evident. " The moll /;.'a//:«f " telHmonies." Ihok. LU'DICROUS, Adj. [ludic^ui, Lat.j bur- lefque ; exciting laughter by its oddity or comic-Aini-fs. LU'DICROU,SLY, Adv. in a burlcfciue . manner; in a manner th:it ralfcs laughter by its e;;tr.ivaganrc or o;ldity. LU'DICROUSNE^S, S. the cju.ility of hein ■) ri.licii'ous ; the quality of exciting mirtjv or laughter. LU'ES, S. a peftilence or plague. LU'ES VE.NtRA, S. the foul difcafe j the dap. To LUFF, V. A. \ku<voyer, Fr.] at fea, to hec'p clofe to the '.vind. See Loof. To LUG, V. A. \gduggi3n. Sax. j to hale or drag ; to pull with great violence. To lu^ out, or draw a Avoid in burlofque language, " They lug out and cut," Irvd. LUG, S. a kind offmalffilh; a land meafure, containing a pole or perch. LU'CiGAGE, S. ffrorn /;;_^j any thing cumbiousor un vieldy to carrv. Ll^'Ki; WARM, Adj. moderitrly or mildly v.'arm. Applied t-> the affctflions, indi/Fcrent ; MOt ardent, or zealous. LU'KE'WARVILY, Adv. with moderate warmth, applied to things, \7ith indiHcrcnce, jjplicd t the af!v(fti )ns. LUXEW ARM NESS, S. the quality of being moderately warm, applied tj tling:. A5>- L U N AppHci to the affe£li®ns, indifference, or want of ardour. To LULL, V. A. r;/,/a,Dan.W/<r«,Belg.] to bring on deep by finging of fome agree- able found ; to compofs, qoii't, or pacify. LU'JLLABY, S. fjohnfon obfcrves that nurfes call j^oin:;; to flcep by hy, and confe- qiuntly, lulhhy implies to lull to flcep] a fong made ufe.of by nurfes to niikc c'-.ildren deep. LUMRA'CiO, S. in Medicine, a name given to pains about tlie loins, and the fmall of the back, generally preceding ihe fits of a fever or an ague, y LL'MCER, S. \ltmn, gdoma. Sax.] any thing tifelefs and camberfome. To l-U'MBIi:<, V. A. to heap together in a confufcd manner like iifeiefs goods. LU'MINARY, S [liim>mire, Fr. iumi- ■nsre, Lat.] anybody which gives light; any thing which makes a difcovery or gives in- telligence ; a perfon that makes difcoveries and communicates them. " The two great " luir.inancs of this ifljnd." Bentlev. LUMINA'TION, S. the ad ot emitting light. LU'MINOUS, Adj. [lumlr.cux, F.] fhin- ing ; giving light ; d^iriiug rays ; enlightened; bright. LUIVIP, S. \lon'.pe Belg.] a fmall ftape- lef"! mafs; the whole ; all the parts taken to- gether; the grofs. " Several counties are '< Itigmatized in the lump." Sivlft. LUMP-FISH, S. afiihfonamed on ac- count of its fi)rm. LU'MFIKG, Adj. large; heavy; great. *' Thou Ihilt have a iun;p\r.g pennyworth. " Arhuth. LU'.MPrSH, Adj. heavy; grofs; bulky, apphed to things. Dull or inactive, applied to perfons. LU'MPISHLY, Adv. in a heavy manner, applied to things. In a (tupid manner, applied to perfons. LU'MPISHNESS, S. fluplJ or inaaive; lleavinef^. LU'MPY, Adj. full of lumps or of fmall compact malTes. LU'NACY, S. [fron Itina, Lnt. the moon] a kind of frtnzy ufujlly moll violent at full moon. Rl.idnefs in general, though mod propcily applied to tliat fpecies, which is fubjc^t to intervals of found memory or judgment. LU'NAR, or LU'NARY, Adj. {lunahe, Fr. /'i/ff (»/-;<, Lat.] relating to the moon ; under the dominion of the moon. Lunar pcnoiiical motitts, confift each ofay days 7 hours and a few minutes. Lsnar f ynorliLa! monrhs, coni'id of 29 days 12 hours, and three quarters of nn hour : and iiwar years, of 354 days, or 12 fy- nodical months. LL'.MATED, Adj. from luna, Lat.] form- ed like a half moon. LU'NATIC, Acij. [/uMtiais, [Lat.] mad ; made mad by the influence of the moon. LU'NATJC, S. a ptrfon that h fomc L U R times of found memory, and at other times mad ; wlio as long as he is with.ou! uno'cr- ftanding, i.';, in law, faid to be ;;c» compos m^r,:ls . LUN'A'TION. S. [Iwi^jifon, Fr. from hna, Lat.] the revoluticn of t!ie moon; the pe- riod or fpace of time between one moon and another. LUNCH, or LU'NCHEON', S. as much food as one's hand can, hold ; a I'trge piece of biead or meat ; ufually applied to food eaten between meals. LUNK, S, [!ur.a, Lat.] any thing in the iTiape of a half moon. In Geometry, a plane in form of a crcfceut or half moon. LU'N-ETfcE, S. [Fr.J in fortification, a demilune; an invcloped counterguard or ele- vation of earth made in the middle or the di'.ch before the cunin, confiding of two faces forming a re-entering angle, and ferving, like faulTc-brayes, to difpute the paflagc of a ditch. _ To LUXGf, V. A. [fl//i5ng;fr, Fr.] in Fen- cing to make a pulll. LUNGE, in fencing, a pufh. LU'NGED, Adj. [from lures'] having lungs; refembling the aiflion of the lungs in drawing and forcing out air. " The Iu:Jged "■ bellows" Dryd. LUNGS, S. [Ingena, Sax. lurge, Dan.} the lights or that part of tlie body by which (he aft of breathing is performed. It has nt> finjular. LUNIS'OLAR, Adj. [lu,ufc!r.h-e, Fr, frotn luna, Lat. nidjoians, Lat.] compounded of the revolution of tlie fun and moon, LUNT, S, [love, Belg. lur.ie, Teut.j t!:e match-cord with which guns are fired. LURCH, S. [derived by Ikinner from rryiircbc, Fr. a game of drauglits] in Gaming, tlie aft of winning fo as thjt the opposite party fhali have g-iioed but little or not above a certain number. To ht left in the lurch, is to be deferled in deflrefs. To LURCH, V. N. to fhift ; or play tricks. Acflively, to win a game with great [advantage. Figuratively, to defeat or difap- I point. "L«/Ti6 the cNpedfation." 5««//fc. T<* ileal privately; to filch, or pilfer. LU'RCHER, S. oire that watches or lies in wait to flea!, or to betray, or to entrap j a kind of liound. LURE, S. [k:iya, Fr. lere, Belg.] any en- Iticement; anything which promifes advan- ' tage: To LURE, V. N. to call back or reclaim hawks wi'.h a lure. Aflivcly, to entice or attraft by fomething which flatters a perfon's hopes or expeiflatioiis. LU'RID, Adj. [hrufus, L.it.] gloomy, or difmal. " The luriJ grove." Thcmpfoi:. To LURK, ,V, A. to lie in wait j to li« hidden, or clofe. LU'RKER, S. a thief that lies in wait til! a proper opportunity offcrj for fecuring hi.s prey. LU'RK- L U T LU'RKING-PLACE, S. a klJing or fe- Giet place. LU'SCIOUS, AJj. [Came imagine it a con- traftion of deliciom] naufcatinj; wit!) fueti:- ncfs. Cloying by its liciiiiefs or f.itiiefs-, ap plied to animal food. Pleafing ; drlightful. '' The ////"fc.vi propofal of fome gainful pur- •' chafe.' So-M. LUS'CIOUSLY, Adv. fo Aveet or rich as to cloy. LUb'CIOUSNESS, S. thequality of being fo fvveet or fat, as to cloy foon. LU'SER.N,.S. [lufus car-varius, Lat.] a lynx. LUSO'RIOUS, Adj. [lufonous, L'>t.] ufed in play. " Luforious lots." Stinderfan. LU'SORY, Adj. [lufonotis, Lat.J ufcd in play. LUST, S. [Sax. Belg. and Teut.] carnal tx lewJ dedre; any irregular or violent de- tlrc. To LUST, V. N. to have an iinchafte defire for ; to defire violently. LU'STFUL, Adj. lewd ; having fl-rong and unchafle defires ; having violent, irregu- lar, or intemperate defircs. LU'STIHOOD, S. [from Injiy and hood \ O^ bade, Sax.] vigour; fprightlinefs ; bodily flrength. " His May of youth and bloom of " luJIihooJ" Shak. LU'STILY, Adv. in a flout or vigoious manner. I.U'STINESS. S. nurdlnefs ; great ftrcngth and vigour of body. • LU'STRAL, Adj. ^liifimh, Fr. Lijlralh, Lat.J the aft of purifying by water. LUSTRE, S. (Fr.J fplendour; glittering briglitnefs ; a fconce made of cut glafs for folding a collection of lights; eminence; re- nown. " W'lien he might live with iufn-e." S-wi/t. The fpace of five years, ffrom lujjrum, iat.1 " Both of us have clofed the tenth •' iuflri." Bolingb. LU'STING, S. [pronounced lutejinr.^z] « fhining glofTy filk, invented by the f-rench. LU'bTROUS, Adj. [from lujlrc\ bright , fhining. Obfolete. LU'STY, Adj. [hjiigjufitgh, Bc!g.],Rout; vigorous ; healthy , (Irong isi body. LU'TANIS, Adj. one who plays on the lute. LUTE, S. \luth, lut, Fr. .'/.v/j, Ital. luiie, Dan.] in Mufic, a (hinged iudrumeut. In Chemiflry, any compofition made ufc of to faden the different parts of flills or alembics fifed in difHIIation or fiiblimation, from A;.', fr. ox tutum, Lat. To LUTE, V. A. to clofe or faflen to- ■gcter with cement or lute. LU'THKRAN, S. a perfon who prof.fTJs the principles and do(flrine of Martin Lutlier. LUTHER AV, Adj. belonging to Luther. LU'THK.RANISM, S. the doifliiae of Martin Luther, a famous reformer in the l6th century, who reduced the niimbci of L Y I facrnrrents to two, •vix. Baptifm and t?)^ Lord's Supper, maintaining tlie mafs to lie no f.icraracnt, and exploding the adoration of the • Kofi, auricular coiifedion, meritorious works, indulgences, the wc'rfhip of imaoes, the f.idings of the Romiflr church, monuli- cal vows, and the celibacy of the clergy : heoppafed the doftrine of free-will, holding abfoiufe predeftination. LU'TULENT, Adj. [lutuhntus, Lat.] muddy. To LUX, or LU'XATE, V. A. [luxer-, Fr. luxatus, from luxor, Lat] to put out of joint. LUXA'TION, .S. the aft of putting out of joint , the flipping of the head of a bone out of its proper place into another, where- by its motion is deftroyed ; any thing out of joint. LUXE, S. [Fr. hxtis, Lat.] luxury. <' Luxe " of coflly pride." Fiior, LUXU'RIANCE, or LUXU'RL/^NCY, S. [h/xnritins, Lat.] abundance, applied to plenty. Overgrowth, or excefs in growing, applied to \-rgetab!es, LUXU'RIANT, Adj. [luxuries, Lat.] fupcrfluoulij- plenteous ; grovving to excels. To LUXU'RIATE, V. N." [k^urhtus,, from luxmior, Lat.] to grow or iliojt to ex- ccfs. LUXU'RIOUS, Adj. \h,xurkux, Fr. hx'i- riofui, Lat.) indulging in higli foods or li- quors ; adininiftering to luxury : luftful. " A liixuricur. bed." S.b,ik. Enllaved to, or fofteninghy{-.leari!rc. " Luxurious tz(e, ' Dnd. Luxuriant; (jro^ing or ihooting to excels. Ll'XURIOUSLY, Adv. voluptuoully. LU'XUR Y, S. ■ /"A-a/-/, Fr. laxurli Lat.] a difpofuion of mind addifted to ple-dure, riot, and fuperfluities ; lult or lewdncfsj luxmiance; exccfs of growth, or plen'eouf- ncfs. Elegance or delicioufnefs-, applied to food. A liate abounding ia fuperlhiiiirs, or fplendor of furniture, cloalhs, food, build- ings, Gff. LY, a very frequent termination, l)0th in names of places, adjectives, oradveibs: in the name of a place, it is derived from L-a^, Sax. afield, or pafhire : when it ends an ad- jcflive or adverb, it is derived from He, Sax. implying likencfs, of llie fame nature, or manner. As leitfily, or of the nature of a iicafl. Ece'uLc, Sax. iJdly, or in a bold man- ner. LYF., S. and V. See LU. LVCA'NTHKOrY, b. [lycsntrofc, Fr. from >.'j)t5c and ajfpMwoc, Gr. ) a fpeeies of maduefs, wherein per-Qins inaaCTincthcmfclves transformed itito, and liowl like, wild bcafis} of this kind, is that difordcr wbic'i is pro- duced bv the bite of a mad dog ; and is by fome called cfnanihrcpl-y. LY ING,' S. [from Av] a falfehood ; ijie pr.)C\iccof telling wiltul and crimiojl ftilfe- boods. R r LY- MAC LY'ING, Part, [oi lye] fpeaking foh'e- hocxls wilfully. LYMPH, S. [lympkc Fr. lymfha, Lat.) in Anatomy, a thin tranfparent, colourlcls humour, like water, fecreted from the f«rum of the blood in all parts of the body, return- ing to it again by its own dufts called /ym- phatia, and fuppofed to be the immediate xiialter of nutritioH. LYMPHATIC, S. [hathatiqui, Fr.J a flcnJer, pellucid tube or vedel, wiiofe cavity is contraaed at unequal diflances, Uiferted into the glands of the mefentcry, and fervnig to convey the lymph to the blood. LY'MPH-^DUCT, S. [from lynpha, and duEfus, Lat.] a veffcl which conveys tlic lymph. LYNX, S. [lynx, Lat.] a wild bcaft fpot- ted all over its body, of a very quick and piercing fight. LYRE, S. \lyrc, Fr. lyra, La».] a harp ; the invention of this inftrument is by Barnes afcribed to Jubal, who givesus ihehifiory of the variations it underwent from his time to that of Anacreon. LY'RIC, Adj. [lyricm, Lat. lynqtie, Fr.J fomething fet for, or fung to, th( harp. LY'RIC, S. afpeciesof poetry, conlillmg of fongs that arc fet or fung to the lyre, and was fomething like our airs, odej, or fongs ; a perfon who writes lyric poetry, odes or fonns. " The old Grecian /yr;a." Addif. LY'RIST, S. \lyrijlus, tat.] a mufician, uho phys upon the lyre or harp. " The «' charming />'ri/V." Fo/f. MAC MA liquid confonant, the twelfth letter in the Englifh alphabet. It ^ is pronounced by ftriking the upper lip againft tlie lo'.ver, in which its pronun- dation almoft agrees with that of B. The ftape of our capital M it the fame as that of the Goths, which fcems to be borrowed from the Greek. It has one unvaried found, and is never mute. In abbrevistions it Hands, in aftronomical tabic;, for tncridiav, mericdwal, (cutbein, or r.azn ; in Medicine, for make, or ioxmugel, I. e. a handful. In Law, it is ufed for the brand with which a perlon is burnt in the hand for maaflaughter ; ajul in numbers, ^■ith a dafh over it thus M, (lands for a thoufand. MACARO'NIC, S. [rr.acarwique, Fr,] a confufed heap ; a huddle of fcvcial things to- jrethcr j a coarfc, rude, clown'dh fellow. «» To hear this macaionk talk on in vain." Donne, Hence the maiarovk ft'ik, lu Poetry, is a low ftile, wherein the language is deiignedly corrupted, and confil^s of a hodge-podge oJ iifiorent tongues. A kind of fwect btfcait MAC ma^e of flour, almonds, eggs and fugar. MACK, S. [nuiffs, Fr, n-.a^cz-a, Ital.] an enfign of authority borne betbre mjgiOrates, maie oi filver, and fomeiimes having an open crown at the top. A kind of I'pice of a thin, flat, membranaceous fubllancc, an ole- aginous and ycllowifl) colour, an extremely fragrant agreeable fmcU, a plcafant, but acrjd, and oily tafte, being the fecond cover- ing of tlie nutmeg, and ufed in medicine as a carminative, (lomachic, and allringent ; front vid:'n^ Lat. MA'CE-BEARER, S. one who carries the mace befora a mngiftrate. To M.A'CERA FE, V. A . {maccratvsy from macfo, Lat.] to make lean ; to wear away ; to fJecp a thing till it is almoft diflblv- ed, either with or without heat. MACERA'TION, S. the aft of wafting or making lean ; mortification. In Medi- cine, an infufion either with or without heat, whereby the ingredients are intended to be almoft diflolved. MACHIAVI'LIAN, Adj. according to the principles of Machiavel ; crafty, fubtle, cunning. MACHIAVI'LIANISM, S. the doftrinc or principles laid down by Machiaval in his Prince, or the practice of politics, or doing any thing to compafs a dcfi^ without any regard to the peace or welfare of fubjcas, the dilates of honelly and hcaour, or tlic precepts of religion. lo MA'CHINATE, V. A. [machinatutt from piach'mcr, Lnt. machiner, Fr.] to plot, contrive, or devife. MACHINA'lION, S. [Fr. tnadinath, Lat.] r pier, artifice, or wicked contrivance agaii;ll- ,1 perfon, MACHINE, S. [Fr. pronounced w<7/&i?c« ; mchbut, Lat. from /us^xm, Gr.] a contri- vance or piece of workmanfhip coaifting of feveral parts, compofed with ait, and made ufe of to produce motion fo as to fave cither time or force ; an engine. MACHl'NERY, S. [pronounced wa^e- nery] any workmanlhip confifting of a va- riety or parts; an engine of which the fe- veral parts are fet in motion by fome princi- ple contained in itfelf. In Poetry, that part which the deities, angels, or ilemoni per- form. In tl;ea[:ical exhibitions, the engine* made ufe of to introduce perfons in a furpria- ing manner on the ftagc, or the contrivances made ufe of to fiiift the appearance of thiugs, fo as to caufe aftonilhment. MACKEREL, S. [mainJl, Dan. maclirtlf m.-.bil, Teut. maianau, Fr. ] a well know« falt-water fi(h, commonly in fcafon ia the month* of May and June. MACKEREL-BACK, S. alow word, ap- plied to a perfon that is tall and (lender. MA'CROCOSM, S. [ma.rocafmc, Fr. from (AAAfoi ud ^ory-oiy G».] the great world or univcrfc. M.VCU- MAG MA'CULA, S. [Lat. plural macular] a fpot. " The boJy of the fun may contra^ •' fome macuLe." Bro^vn, In Phyfic, any fpot on the fkin. MAD, Adj. [gemaad or gcma'd,SaK. nato, It.il.] dilordered in the mind, or deprived of the ufe of reafon. Figuratively, hurried away by any violent or unreaibnable dcfire. To MAD, V. A. to deprive of reafon ; to raife to fuch a pitch of palTion that a perfon is not under the government of reafon ; to make furious or enrage. Neuterly, to run mad, or become furious. MA'DAM, S. [ma dame, Fr. my lady] a term of compliment ufed to woman of every degree. MA'D-BRAIN, or MA'D- BRAINED, Adj. difordered in mind ; hot-headed. MA'DCAP, S. a madman ; a wild, thoughtlefs, or hot-brained perfon. To MA'ODEN, V. N. to become wild, furious, or mad. Aftively, to make mad 5 to enrage or make furious. MA'DDER, S. [maddre. Sax. meed, Belg. madera, Ital.] in botany, called iikewifc /■«- lia, a plant ulcd in dying red. MADE, Participle pi eter of «fl,<f, MADEFA'CTiON, S. [from mad^faBm, ©f madefac'io, Lat.] the aft of making wet. " To all madtfanion." Bac. MA'D-HOUSE, S. a houfe where mad people are confined. MA'DLY, Adv. in a furious^ raging, or iunatic manner. MA'DMAN, S. a perfon deprived of the ufe of reafon. MA'DNESS, S. a difordered underfland- ing ; the (late of a perfon out of his fcnfes j tury, wildnefs, or rage. MA'DRIER, S. a thick plank, fometimes armed with Iron plates, having a cavity fuffi- cient to receive the mouth of a petard, with which it is applied agiinft a gate, fe'f. defigned to be broken down ; a long and broad plank ufed for fupporting the earth in mines, gal- leries, &c. MA'DRIGAL, S. [Fr. and Span, madri- gale, Ital. J originally a pafloral, at prefeht, a little amorouspoem or fong, containing a cer- tain number of unequal verfes, not cortfined either to the fcrupulous regularity of a fon- nct, or the fubtlcty of an epigram, but con- fifting of fome tender and delicate, yet fimplc, thought, properly exprefled. MAGAZINE, S. [Fr. pronounced w^g-tf- xeen ; n.ggacen. Span, rr.ugaxir.ee, Ital, J a llore-houie, generally appliiil to an arfc-nal, cr place wherein military ftores are laid up j a mifcellaneous pamphlet, fo called from a periodical mifccllany, or coUeftion of va- rious pieces, generally publiflied monthly. MA'GGOr, S. \magrod, Brit, mathu. Sax n.im;, Teut.] a fmall kind of a worm, of a wiiitiih colour, found in ngts, i^:. whidi MAG turns into a fly. Figuratively, a whimfej caprice; an odd fancy. MAGGOTTINESS, S. the Qate of hav- ing or abounding in maggots, MA'GGOTTY, Adj." full of maggots. Figuratively, whimfical ; capricious, MA'GI, S. [deiived by fome from the Per- fian, which fignifies a prielf, hut by Voflius from nUO Heb. to meditate, whence C?]3'7Q Heb. perfons addicted to (hidy, or mtJita. tion] a title given to the antient pbilofo- phcrs, among the Perlian5, "ho were the chief pcrfonages in the kingdom, and had the manupcment of public ^tluirs. MA'GIC, S. {magia, Lat.] in its primary feiife, tlie doiflrine of the ancitnt magi a- mong ihc Perfians ; the knowledge of fccret opeiations of the powers of nature, or a fci- ence which teaches to produce furprizing and extraordinai-y tfTecfls. " Writers of natu- ral ;«a£;V." Bac. A correfpcndence with bad fpirits, by means of which a perfon was able to perform fuprizing things ; forcery. MA'GIC, Adj. afliiig by the co-operation of evil fpirits; afting by irrefiQible inHucnce. " By magic numbers and perfuafive found." Congn-vs. MA'GICAL, Adj. aftingor performed Iiy fecret and invifible powers, either of nature, or evil fpirits. MA'GICALLY, Adv. by the adinrnce or co-operation of evil fpirits ; according to the rules of magic, or the praftice of magicians. M.VGICIAN, S. [magicus, Lat.j a con- jurer; one fuppofcd to be /killed in magic. MA'GISTERIAL, Adj. [from m^pl^c-, Lat.] fuch as becomes a mafier ; alfo lofty, arrogant, proud or imperious. In Chcniif- try, prepared chemically, or after the man- ner oi a magiflery. " The magijieiial fait." Grew. MAGISTE'RIALLY, Adv. in a proud, imperious, or infolent manner. M^GISTE'RIALNESS, S. the quality of ordering in a proud, haughty, and infolent manner, MA'GISTERY, S. [magificrhm, 'Lat.'\m Chcmiftry, a very fine powder made by folu- tion and precipitation, MA'GISTRACY, ,S. [magljiratus, Lat.] the office or dignity of a perfon who is charg- ed with authority or government over others, MA'GISTRATE, S. \magift,at>,s. Lat. J a perfon publickly invefled witli autlmiity, or the government of othcis. MA'GNA-CHARTA, S. [Lat. the [rrc.n paper or charter] the great charter of ihe li- beriies and laws of England : its origin m.-y be derived even from Edward the Confcllor, and was continued by Henry I. and his Aic- cefibrs, Stephen, Henry the ."Second, and king John, but that more pirtii ularly meant by tiiis word, was granted in the nin'h year of Henry III, flnce which. Sir Ldw.iid Cuke R t 2 obferv ci M A I obftivcs, tliat, cvrn in his days, it hid been Coiifirnii.o above; ililrty times. M .-. G M A N I'M I T Y, S, [wagvaaimire, Fr. ] a iii('pofiii<in of mind exerted in contcinnin;: daiig(.'i-s and difficulties, in fconiin^ tempta- tions, and di-rpiling earthly pomp and fplen- dor. MAGNA'NIMOUS, Adj. [niagnan'wiui, Lat] cour;'geciu ; generous; biMve. MANM'NIMOUSt.Y, Adv. with grcat- ncfs of mind, and contem-^ t of dangers, tiit- fici:!tics, plcafiires, and external fonip. M^.'GNET, S. [tnagncs, Lat.j the load- ' ftr.ne. SvC ic. df^onc. MAG N'E'TIC, or MAGNETIC AL, Adj. relating to tlse loaditor.e ; liaving the quili- ties or properties of attrading boJics like the loaddone. MAGNETISM, S. the attractive power or property of the loadftone ; the power of attradlion, MAGNIFI'ABLE, Adj. [from jv^o-^i^'] capable of being extolled or prafcd. MAGNITiC, orMAGNl'flCAL, Adj. [magrifuui, Lit. J noted ; illuftrious; grand, or noble. ^' Ey.CctA'n-\gmagtiif,cal oi fame." I Chro!'. xxii. t. MAGNi'FlCENCE, S. \Vv.magmficentw., L:it.l grandeur of apj esrance, confiiting in build!n'^<:, cloathi;, or furniture. MAGNIFiCKNT, Adj. \maih]JiciiS, Lat-l grand in appearance; ftiiking the eye with an nppe-.MMncc of richnefs, pomp, or fplcn- do'- ; fond of fplcndor, or an appearance of rich MAI MAI'DENLY, Adj. like a maid ; nao, deftly ; gently ; timoroully. MAI'D-SLRVANT, S. a woman or fc- .•nale f:rvanr MAJL'STSC, or MAJE'STIC^L, Adj. \hom r,:ijj.j1y'] aupufl , noljle ; git^t ; (fat- ly ; pompous; hihiimc 5 elevated, or Icf'.y. MAJL'STICALLY, Adv. with dignity or grandeur ; with loftinci's of ftile or fenti- ments MA'JESTV, S. [wajcfcs, L.U.] greatnefs ; digi.ity ; power <r fovercignty ; the title given to kings and >jiirtns. MAIL, S. [vuiuu; Fr. I n coat of ftcel net- work, worn formerly for defercc; an*^' aimoui; a bag or poliman's btmdie of let- ters, from rank, or malcii^ Fr. To M.-ilL, V. A. to arm or drcfs in a coat of mail ; to cover as with armour. " Mdi'd up in fhame." Skak. To MAiM, V. A. to cut off any mem- ber ; to hurt or v.ound. i\'IAJN, S. thecaof cutting off a limb, or diOtblinga per.'bn by a blow. MAIM, Adj. ["r.v:^cr;.Y, old Fr. magmn, Lat ] principal or chief; vaft ; grofs, w containitng tlie cliiefpait. MAIN S. the grofs, bulk, or grentefr part ; force, from ricgcn, Sjx. " Wit'-" mij'ht " and ma'iny liudib. A haad, at dice ; the great ocean ; the continent. " Invaded the " rr.Li'iniji Spain." Bac. MAI'KLAKD, S, the continent. " Cifce's " hills fioni the :>:ni>i!atjd divide." Dryd. MA'NLY, Adv. chieRy or principally ; the chief or miJdic MAGNiriiiO, S. rital. plural ?«.7';r;/j- irreaily <>r powerfully. " He cannot but in - cGcs] a gr.indec of Venice. '' J he duke him- , " c\t:\tc Kn'inly.'^ Jinc <' felf and the ww^«//;i:i«.' Shok. MAi'NMAST, S. MAGNIFl'ER, S. one that praifes, or mall of a ftiip. extols a perfon. In Optics, a gl'ifs which MAl'N'PERNOR, S. a pcrfon to whom makes objects .".ppear larger than liiey are. [one in cufloiiy is delivered, upon his beconi- To MA'GNIFY, V. A. [ma^nijuo, Lat.] jing bound lor l:is appearance; a fi.rety or to make'gteat ; to cxto! with praiil: ; to ex- bail. alt; to ele\ate or raife higher in ellcem. j M.4iINPRlSE, S. ffrom Tvs'n, Fr. tlx " Thee— thy thunders OTfl^r/,^!-.-/." Per. I^. | hand, and pnfc, fr. taken] in Law, the rc- Jn Optics, to make a thing appear l.irger cciving a perlon into fricnci) c;.!lody, who than it is M.'-.'GNITUDE, S. greatnefs, applied to f'ze ; comparative bulk ; f:ze. Grandeur, or luhjimiiy, applied to fentimcnt ctherwife ir.uil have pone to prir)n, on ftcu- rity given that he Ihall be forthcoming at a certain time or place appointed. It differs from La:!, becaule a perion is in this cafe MA'GPYE, S. a bird parti coloured with | faid to be ;;t large from the d.iy of his being black and white, fomeiir.-.es taught to talk Vkd figuratively, and by way of reproach, of a per.on who talks to cxccfs. MAin, or MAIDEN, S. [/.-..r/j.'/-, Goth, jrrf-;;//.', ;?:rf-i^in, Sax iiaJ,}, Veil. \ a virgiis, 4 uoman-fcrvant. A firti, a fp^ci>-suf Ikaie. MA'IDEN, Adj. confiiting of virgins; frclh ; new; unufcJ ; unpolluted. " By ♦' this ni.^u.'e" blollbm." iS/.ii. MAI'DENI-jEAD, S. [ f vom Ko-gt'-rade, or n.^iJcuhcad, Sax.] ilie flale or condiiion of a maid or pure virgin ; virgiuiiy. figura- livfly, newuLls j frelhncl*; an unpo.luttd llatc mainprilcd until the day of appearance; l»ut where a perfon is bailed till a certain day, he is in Uu ;:!wa)s accounted to be in the ward of l.is liail till that time who may, if they plcafc, keep him under confinennut. To MAL'Nt'RjSK, V. A. to receive a perfon iiMo fiicndly cuftody, by giving fecn- rity for his appearance at a certain time or d.iy appointed. MAINSAIL, S.ihefailof the mainmafl. M AI'NSHEET, S. the (heet or fail of the maiumall. To MAINTAl'N, V. A. Imahtmr, Fr,] to picfctvc or kee;? ; to dtlcuJ or hold out ; M A K to vindicate or iuftify ; to fupport or keep vip an expcnce ; !o fupply wiih theconvcii'.cncies of life ; to affii t poAtively. MAINTAI'NAGLK, Adj. [from tr-ain- ta'w] defennWe ; ju.iifiaLlc. MAITAJNl'lR, S. one that fiipplics anothei- v\itli the conveiiiencies of life; one that dctcnds a plaae or port again ft an enemy j one that aflerts and iupports any doctrine by arguments. MAl'NTENANCE, S. [mMntenant. Fr.] a livelihood j a fu(Iicii.-ncy to fupply vvitli the M A L or folvc a difficulty; to prove or evince. T'^- n:ake fuie of, to look upon, or confider as certain j to (ecuie the pollcfiion of. To nuie •way, to force a pafijgf; to inttuJiicc ; to proceed. " We could moke little, or no " way." MAKE, S. ffrom the verb] form ; parti- cular Ihape ; nature. " WA'KE-EATE [from tr.jke and beat, or debate] a perfon who excites qiiiirrtls. MA'KLR, S. the Creator ; one who produces any thing; one who fcis a thing or con veil icncies or n^cel^arles of life; fupport, i peifon in an advantageous dare. protedUoi), or defence ; continuance without f.tiiii e. MAl'NTOP, S. the top of the main- •mafl. MAI'NTOP-GALLANT-MAST, S. a m.id half the length of the m;intop-mall. MAI'NiOi'-MAST, S. a maft half the ki\:;t!) of t'le mainmaft. MAIM- YARD, S, the yard of the main- m:ift. MA'JOR, S. [the comparative of ;«i2^»«5, I.at.] greater in number, quantity, extent, 4U..r,ty, or digriity. MA'jOR, S. In the Army, an officer a- bove tJie captain, and (he lowcit field oincer, Tn Logic, the finl propofilloa in a regular fyilo^ifin. A perfi)ii who is of ^ge to manage his ii'.vn affairs ; thccldcit of two. xAiAJORA'lIOM, .S. the aft of making gicattr; increafe; enlargement. MA'JOR-DOMO, S. [Ital. majcw doino, Fr. ] one v.ho occafionuUy holds the place of tiie niaftcr of a houfc ; a fteward ; a mailer oi a family. , MA'JOR GENERAL, S. a general offi- ocr of the fccond rank, who receives the ge- neral's orders, gives them to the majors nf brigades, and commands on the left when tlicre are two attacks at a fiege. MAJO'RITY, S. the frate of being greater ; the greater number ; from majciiee', Er, To MAKP^, y. A. [preter and participle .didije m,jcli ; fiom via^an, Sax.] to create; to form fioin niatcrials ; to compofe ; to do, pvrti.rm, piaflifc, or nfe ; to canfe to have any quality, or biing into any (lite. To Compel or force, followed by a verb. " Made " to rife." h'jckc. To fell, fo as to gain, " He makes five marks." ^huk. To make aiL-ny, to kill or dtflroy. " IMakc aio^y his brother." Shak. 1 o transfer. " Debtors to " fomc friend vmlc all away." iVoAky. To ir.akc amends, to recc.m pence or repay, T» ni.:ke ficciu'i'.h, la treat without ceremony. To m.-ike gcod, to niiintain, defejid, julHty, fulfil, or accomplifh. To ma^r /iglt cf, to | ill, an<lj.\'n, Lat. tn do . .nciimc, " They confider as of no importance or confequence. I " have prochimed tin ir ma/e/acftoKs." Si/ai. To make lo-ve, to court. To make mcny, to feaft Not in iiie or partake of a jovial entertainment. 7c »;jii; M.»LEl'RA'CTICE, S, r.ny bad prartic* cicr, to trinsfer ; to fettle in the hands of or IiaM'. ; any piaclicc contiary to lettledruifs -niiUecs, To make our, to clear up, explain, . or cu-lom-. I R 1 3 MALE M.A'KEPEACR, S. one that reconciles perfons at variance ; a peacemiker. *' To '■ hi z-m-ike^cacc" Shak, MA'KEWEiGHT, S. any thing thro-.vn in ro make up weight. MA'LACHITE, S. [ /xjXavx, Gr. J a .ftone, Icmetimes entirely green, r;i;t lighter than the nephritic lk>ne, fo as to rcfcmble the leaf of the mallow, from whence it has its name. MA'LADY, S. \maladic, Fr. m.ilsdia, Ital. J a difeafe; a diforder in the body; fickncrs. MALA'NDERS, S. [from r.v.'/ar.d ar.datc, Ital, J a diieafc in horfes, conlilting of a dry fcab on the paOern. MA'LAPEa .'■, Adj. ^malmA /cr/jfaucy ; quick in making replies, but impudent or fancy. MALAPE'RTNESS, S. livelinefs or quick ncfs in making reply, attended with faucintfs. MALAP'ERTLY, A,\v. fancily. MALE, Adj. [mak, tr. mnhulus, Lat.] belonging to the he-fcx, oppofed to femile. MALK, S. ihelie of any fpecies. M^LE, in c.impolltion, imj^'lies ill, and is derived from mnh, Lat, male, old Fr. MALE-ADMINlSTRA'l ION, S. bad conduct, or management of afl'airs. MALE'CONTENT, S. one difTitisfieJ with the meafures of government ; a fomtn- tcr of fcdition in a Hate. MALECO.MrE'NTED, Adj. difcontent- ed ; diilatisfied. MALECONT'ENTEDLY, Adv. in a dif- faiisfied or difcontcntcd manner. MALECO.VTE'N f EDNE-S, S. difcon- tcntcdneii ; difaffcflion to a government. MALEDl'CTED, Adj. [-•.•.../tj'v.vVi, Lat.] accnrfcd. MAi.EDrCTIONT, .S. [Ff. maUdHHo, Lat.Jacurfe; execration; t!)e r.ft of de- nouncing or widiing evil lo fjll upon a pcr- fou. MALEF-VCTION, S. 1 from ««/,, Lat. . M A L M ALE'VOLENCE, S.[ma!e-vcL-nM, Lat,] ill will ; 31 inclination to hurt. M ALE'VOLENT, Adj. [mnlefo/ais, Lat.] ill dilpofeJ towards iinothtr; inclined to do anothfi- a mi'.ehicf. M.'\LEVOLENTLY, Adv. after a man- ner which fhews LH incli'.Kition to hurt. MA'LICE, S. [Fr. v.j/itia, Lat.] delibe- rate mifchicf ; a long continued defire of re- veii^je or liiirtin;; otliers. MALI'CIOUS, Adj. [vialicieux. Fr. w/»/f- 1 formed thereby t-o/us, L.dt. I ]^rc(eiv\Tig a cor.xinmlfroper.fityl MALLEABLENE3S, S. the quality of and refolution towards revenge, or injuring being hummered into various form!>. M A N To MALL, V. A. to beat or flrike with a mall. See Maul. jMA'LLARD, S ^vin'art, Fr.j the male of tl-.e fpecies of wild ducks. MALLEABI'LITY, S, [from malUahh] the cjuality of be.ring to be beaten, and iprcad- ing under the llrokcsof the hammer. MA'LtEABLE, Adj. [Fr.- from ivaUcus, Lat. a hammer] capable of enduring the ftrokes of a hammer, and being varioufly otiicrs. iM.\LrCIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner which ll'.ews an habitual third of revenge, or a deliberate intf ntion of doing mifchitf. MALI'CIOUSNES, S. the quality of brooding long upon injurlts, and being obfti- natcly bent for Ibine time to do a ptr.'bn a mifchicf. MALI'GN, S. [pronounced mal'ihn ; from v.aUgr.e, Fr. nuir.gnui, Lat.] ill difpofed to- Wirds any one ; llron^ly and obftinately bent to do a perfon mifchief. In Medicine, infec- tious, pellilential, or fatal to the body. '' Ma- ♦' /;>.i ulcers." Bac. To MALIGN, V. A. to regard with envy or malice j to do a mifchief ; to re- venge. MA'LIGNANCY, S. [from malignant] ma- lice ; unfavourablencfs. In Medicine, a de- ftruftivc tendency. MALl'GNANr, Adj. [Fr.] envious; unfavourable: malicious; revengeful. In Medicine, mortal or endangering life. " Ma- " lignan: fevers." MALIGNANT, S. a perfon of ill inten- tions, or malicioully difpofed. MALI'GNANI LY, Adv. in a malicious tyr mitcluevous mmner. ?>L\LrGNER, S- I pronounced Vff/;*«frl ToMA'LLEATE, V. A. [malleus, Lat.] to hammer ; to forge or fhape by the ham- mer. " MaUeating metals." Derkam. MALLET, S. [malleus, Lat.j a wooden hammer. MA'LLOV/S, S. [malu. Sax. malva, Lat.] a plant fo called from its emollient or foftening qualities. MA'LMSEY, S. [fo called from Malvafa, where it is produced] alufciou wine; fack. MALT, S. [/7.w/r, Sax. »2tf/r, Dan. J barley fteeped in water till it fprouts, and then dried in a kiln. MA'LT-MAN, or MA'LSTER, S. one who make or deals in malt. MALVERSA'TION, S. [Fr.] a mean, bafe, wicked, ar.d fraudulent trick or fliift. MAM, or MAMMA, S. [mam, mamncg, viammivys, Brit, mamma, Lat. This word is ufed as an addrefs to a mother in almoft all languages, and is therefore by Skinner fup- poled to be the language of nature, and the firft word a child pronounces] a mother. MA'MMEl , S. [a diminutive of mam'\ a puppet or doll. '■' To play with mammelt" SL!k. Obfilete. MA'MMEATED, Adj. [mammeatus, Lat-J havinij paps or teats. MAM'MIfORM, Adj. [mammtforme, Fr,] on« who is obOin:itc-ly bent to do r.nother a having the (hape of a breaft, pap, or dug. niifci^icfj a pcribn who ccnfurcs in a far- CiiVic manner. MALIGNITY, S. [wj%f;/.'/, Fr.] hurt- fuh-.tfs or evilneG of natuie j a difpofition ot'ftinatcly bad or malicious. Jn Phyfic, a quality which endangers and threatens life. .MALIG'NLY, Adv. [pronounced ma- iihrly] tnvioufiy ; with malice, or an obfli- Ti;.fe inclination to do ill. TVL\'LKIN, S. [from n:al, a contraif>ion of Mary, and y^.-H-, a diminutive termination] a kind of mop made of ?louts, with which l):.kt rs fweep or clean their ovens. Figura- tivdy, a fig'irc mnde up of rags ; a dirty wench. " The kitchen malkin." Stat. MALL, S. [?iuil, Ft.] a ftroke or blow. " Gave that reverend head a mall." Hud'ib A mallet ; a walk where they formerly ufed to play with malls and balls ; whence the ri.tt! in St. James'a fwrk ; and Pall-mall near hit majcily's palace at St. James's. Moll, 111. a v. alk paved wiili (hells. MA'MMOCK, S. a large (hapelefs piece j an otfaj or fr.ignicnt of meat. To MA'MMOCK, V. A. to tear ; to pull into pieces in fuch a manner as to raifc fqueamiftinefs in the beholder. MA'MMON, S. [Syr.] the god of riches. Figuratively, tichcs. MAN, S. [plural men ; manna, Goth. man, plur.-il, mdtrn, mun. Sax.] a human being ; a male, oppofed to a woman. A perfon full gro*n, oppofed to a boy. A ra- tional creature, oppofed to a beaft. Ufed in a loofe fenfe for any one. " A man would ex- pert to find," Add'ij. A moveable piece of ' wood ufed in playing at chefs or draughts. A male fervant ; of mcna. Span, a ilave. A man of 'zvar, is a (hip of war. To MAN, V-. A. [manncK ten fiadt, Beig, to mana town] 'to farnifh, fupply or guard with men. Figuratively, to fortify or ftrengthen. •' Having ma-.n'd bis foul." Speii. No. 164. MAN, MAN . MAN, S an ilbnd lying between Great Britain and Ireland, Csfar, calls it Mena, Vto\tmy M-^:ufd.i, and ?\\n^ Mai-Ma. It lies about twelve miles S. of Galloway, in Scot- land; 26 N. of Angjefey, in Wales; 40 W. of the coart of Cumberland ; and 44 E. of that of Down in Ireland. So that Eng- land, Scotland, and Ii-cland, may in a clear day be eafily leen from it, Man lies between lat. 53 deg, 53 min. and 54deg. 25 min. N. and long. 4 deg. 30 min. W. being near thirty miles long, and between eight and nine broad, it has baen fuccedively in habited by the Britons, Scotch, Norwegians ; but at lalt fell into the hands of the Englilh, about the clofe of the reign of king Edward I. or be- gimiing of his fon Edward II. and has ever lince continued under their iuriCii(f\ion. The grant of it, together with the patronage of the biftiopric, was made by king Henry IV. to Sir John Stanly, and his heirs^ in which family it has continued, till by marriage it came from the earl of Derby to the duke of Athol in Scotland, who was (tiled king in Man j but the fovcreignty is now annexed to the crown of Great Britain. This ifland k entirely furrounded with rocks, and confe- quently has a very dangerous coaft, and not prafticable wthout a pilot. The foil of its Borthern parts is^ fandy and healthy : but that in the fouthern yields good pafture, with ara- ble land, producing all kinds of grain, more than is fufficicnt for the confumption of the natives , and the air hereis reckoned healthful, 8S fome of them live to a great age. They are a medley, principally of all the circumjacent parts of the Biitilll dominions. A ridge of mountiiins runs almoft through the whole length of the ifland, fupplying the inhabi- tants quite round wit-h very good water, and excellent peat, the only fuel in the ifland. The higheR of thefe mountflins is Snafield. The number of its inhabitants, bdides ftraogCTs, is r-cckoned at 20,000. They are an orderly hofpitabic people. Their language is the PidtilTi, or a dialed of the Erfe, fpokcn m the wefternifles^of Scotland ; with a mix- tui!« of otlwr tongues ; and the names of places here indicate Highland original. Its ftaple coraniodities are chiefly wool, hides, and lalbw ; and they nre extremely well fitu- atcd for a foreign trade, but more fo for run- ning of goods, efpecially brandies and wines ; for which reafon they have been lately brought under the fame laws as Englmd, with regard to cuftoms. To MA'NNACLE,V. S. Tfron* the noun] to-chain the hands; to fhackle. MA'NAGLE?;, S. \,>.af>icUi, Fr.J chains for the hands ; (hackles, TojVIA'NAGE, v. a. [mcnager, Fr. w«- r;ggiart\ Ital.j to Cf>ndu(fl- or carry on ; to traia a horfc to graceful airs; to govern ; to ruloor makic traflnWc ; r« Kufband, or make MAN the Ijeft of. Neuteriy, to fupcrintend or t ran fad. MA'NAGEABLE, Adj. eafy to be ufed, wielded, or moved j fubmitting to govern- ment, tradable. MA'NAGEABLENESS, S. the quality of being eafily ufed or moved ; the quality of fubmitting to inflru(ftion, government, or authority. MA'NAGEMENT, S. [memgemeit, F,r.]: condud ; the manner of tranfading or con- duding any thing ; prudence. MA'NAGER, S. one who has the direc- tion, condud, or government of any thing, or perfon ; a prudent or frugal perfon. MA'NAGERY, S. condud ; direftion ; the manner in which any thing is tranfaded. " Difcretion in the nuitiagery of tliat affair.** Clareml. Hufbandry or frugality. MA'NCHE, S. [Fr.] in Heraldry, a llecve. MA'NCHET, S. a fmall loaf of fine bread. MANCHINE'EL, S. [mavcbivella. Span.] a tree which grows in Amcrici, "whofe juce is fo corrofive, that it will laife biifters on the (kin, and burn holes in linen. To MA'NCIPATE, V. A. [manapotus, Lat.] to enflave, bind, or tie, ufed with f " Manfi/'aca/ w itate motions," Hale, Sel- dom ufed. MA'NCIPLE, S. [mancipio, Ital. mancepi^ Lat.] the (leward or perfon that furni(hes provifions for a fociety ; particularly ufed of the purveyor of a college. MA'NDAMUS, .«;. [Lat. we command] in Law, a writ that ifliies out from the court of King's-bench. MaNDA'TARY, S. {vumdataire, Fr.] a perfon to whom the pope has given a mandate for his benefice. MA'NDATE, S. [piuti^'atum, Lat.] a com- mand ; a c<>ninii(non, charge, or precept. MANDATOR, S. [Lau] a diretflor. MANDATORY, Adj. [iriandatus, Lat.] containing a command, precept, or dircftion. MA'NDIBLE, Adj. [ mavdabUis^ Lat. J that may be chewed ; eatable. MA'NDREL, S. fwawuVm, Fr.] a kind of wooden pully, making a part of a turner's lathe. MA'NDRAKE, S. {mandragore, Fr. (jiclm^ ^foyofac, Gr.] a plant whofe root is fuppofcd to rcfcmble the human form. MANDUCATION, S. [manJucario, Lat.j eating ; the adtion of the lower jaw. MANE, S. [>;r.u/:g, Brit, maene, Bclg.] the long liair which hangs down on the neck of horfcs or other animals. MA'N-EATER, S. one that eats human flelli. ^ ^ . M.VNED, S, [from wj/.v] having 3 mane. MA'NES, S. [fromw*;r<», Lal.J a ghofl, l?L r 4 MAN MAN or that wLicli rtmains of a perfon afteiT MA'NlKIN, S. [maniken, Bc!g.] a little dc2t!i. ' - - . MA'NFUL, Acij. bold; flout ; daring. MA'NFULLY, Adv. in a boid, flout, or during n-.aiiner. iMA'Nr ULNESS, S. the quality of be- having in a manner that Ihcus undaunted courage, and invincible refolution. jMANG>'.NE,'SE. S. [r,:r.,:gar.cj:a,\ov^ Lat.] an iron ore ot the poorer lort, of a dark iron grey colour, very heavy, but very brittle, iiled Ly _;;!afiiT.cn lor clearing glafs. MANGE, S. [tnangeiitjiu, Fr.] the itch or icdh in cattle. MA'NGKK, S. \mangeGire, Fr. fraiigjatcia, Ital.J a pliicc or vdlcj in which the tood of cattle is contained in a liable. MA'NGINESS, S. the quality of having the mange. To MANGLE, V. A. (m^rgiln, Bc!g ] to cut and hack j to cut and teat piece-nical ; to butcher. man. " A dear vianlkin." Ulak. Not in ufe. MA'NIPLE, S. [wflK/>t'/aj, Lat.] a hand- ful. Fiijurativcly, a fmall band of foldicrs. MANKIND, S. the human race or fpccics ; rcfembling a male. " A mankivd witch." Shakcjp. MA'NLIKE, Adj. ftrong; vigorous; re- frnibling a man tuli grown, and in his great- efi pertc£lion. MA'N'LESS, Adj. without men ; not manned. " Fire-boats manlaji" Eac. MA'NLIN'ESS, S. the appearance of a man full grown, anH arrived at years of dif- crction ; bravery ; iloHtnefs ; dignity. MA'NLY, Adj. becoming a man j {lou* j brave, or with undaunted courage and refo- lution. MA'NNA, S, [Lat. derived by feme from mannab, Heb.a gitt, becaule it was a gift from heaven] in Pharmacy, a kind of honey-like MA'NGLER, S. one that hacks or de- juice or gum, concreted into a folid form, of flroys in a ruce and butcherly manner, MA'NGO, S. {msngajiari, Fi.l a fruit of theilleot Java, fo:riCvilit!t rcfemliling a me- lon, brouglit pickled to Europe. 'MA'NGY, Adj. .[from miiKge\ infti^eJ with the mange. Scabby, appiii.d to beails. MAN-KA'TER, S. one chat hates man- kind. MA'NHOOD, S. [from »:aH and yfcc</, of hade, Sax.J the (late or condition of a man ; human nature. The itatc of a male, Ofpoltd" to v.cmanhood. The ftate of a perlon full grown, oppofed to childhood. Courage ; braverv ; refolntion. m/'NIAC, or MANI'ACAL, Adj. \tna- riactts, Lat.] raging with madncfs. MA'NIFES'J, Adj. {mar.y'.ftui, Lat.] plain ; open ; publicly known. MA'MFEST, S. [manifcfie, Fr. mani- fffic, Itd.J E declaration ; a public prateft. ToMA'NlFEST, Y. A. {mamjcficr, Fr. rr.at.]ff.:, Lat.J to nial.e appear ; to make public ; t-j (hew plainly ; to difcover. TANIFESTA'MON, S. [Fr.] a difco- vefy ; tliC act of juiblilhing or making pubiicj clear or undcubud tviJtncc. W ANlFEb i J aLE, Adj. eafy to be proved oi mace evident. RIA'NIFES'I LY, Adv. clearly ; plainly ; evidently. tlA'NIFESTNESS, S. clcainefi of evi- dence ; public notorie(y. MA'MI-j;S10, S. [ital.] a public pro- tthalion, or detlaiation, MA'.MIi-Ol-D, Adj. [of v.ar.y and /c/JJ of difTt^rcnt kinds i many in number j com- plicaied MA'KirOLDLV, Adv. in many re- fpeas. MANrOLlONS, S. in Gunnery, two Jianoles on the back of a piece of ordnance, calt alicrihe German miuincr. Lallcy. a whililh, yellowifl), or brownirti colour, in the form of flakes, exiuding in Calabria and Sicily fiom two trees, wiiich are varieties of the afh. That mentioned in Scripture feems to have been a kind of honey-dew condenfcd, on account of its dillbh ing by the heat of the fun, its furm refembling a coriander feed, fee and was probably what is in the New Teflament, called wild honey, and faid to be part of the fubfiflence of John the Baptift in the wilderncfs. Ma'NNER., S. \manr.kre, Fr. maniera, Jtai.J torm or method; cullom, praflice, ha- bit, or f£(hion. " After the ir.ar.r.a- of the Zi- donians," 'Judges v.v\\\. •]. Mein, or parti- cular cait of the countenance ; the character or diliioguilhing quality of the mind. In the plural, morals j habit; general way of life; ceiemonious behaviour j good brteJing. MA'NNERLlNtSS, S. [Irom manncrly\ the quality of behaving with civility or com* plaifauce. MA'WNERLY, Adj. [wamcrlick, Belg.] civilly i with complaifance in good breeding. Adverbially, in a civil Of complaifant man- ner. MA'NNIKIN, S. Ste AlanliiM. MA'NNiSH, Adj. having the appearance of, or becoming, a man. figuratively, bold, mafculine. " A woman impudent apdm^n- " '•■y'^ grown." Dryd. MA NOR, S. [maiwoir, old Fr. waw/-, Arm.] an ancient loidlhip or royalty, conhltlng of a dtnie.'ne, and of a court baron, in Common Law, a rule or government which a man has over I'uch as lioid land within his fee. MANSE, S,_ [wa'iAc, Lat. J a parfonage houfe. MA'NSION, S. [/Ku;^3, Lat.] a place of rehucnce ; an abode or houfc. In Law, the lord s chief dwelling-hoaic within his fee. JVLA'NSLAUGHfER, S. iii his primary fignifir MAN fignlficalion, murder, or deftrii<f>ion of the human fpecies. In Law, the killing a per- fon without malice prepcnfi, as in a battle that arifes from a fudden quarrel, &c. See Homicide. MANSLA'YER.S.one that kills another. MA'NTEL, S. [old Fr.] work raifed be- fore a chimney to conceal. MA'NTELET, S. [Fr. a diminutive from manteau, Fr. a cloak j a (hort kind of cloak ■worn by women. In Fortification, a kind of moveable pent-houfe, made of pieces of tim- ber. MAN-TI'GER, S. a large monkey or ba- boon. MANTLE, S, [mantell, Brit, matitel. Sax.] a kind of cloak, or loofe cloth or fi!k thrown over the reft of the drefs, worn formerly by generals, and at prefcnt ufcd by nurfes and midwivcs to carry infants abroad in. To MANTLE, V. A. to cloke ; to cover; to difguife. To MANTLE, V. N. to fpread the ■wing as a hawk in pleafure ; to joy or revel; to be expanded, or fpread luxuriantly. To froth, or ferment, applied to liquors. MA'NTLK-TREE, S. in Carpentry, the piece of timber running acrofs the head of the opening of a chimney, and commonly projected out from the wall, to hold china, &c. MA'NTUA, S. [coiXM^teAixom manteau, Fr,] a woman's gown. MA'NTUA-MAKER, S. a pcrfon who makes gowns for women. MA'NUAL, Adj. [manuel, Fr. manualis, Lat.] performed by the handj ufed by the hand. MA'NUAL, S. [from manus, Lat.] fmall book, fuch as may be ealily carried in the hand. MANUDUC'TION, S. [manuduaia, Lat.] the aff of guidinj; or leading by the hand. MAUFA'CTORY, S. [from manus, Lat. a hand, and facio, 1-at. to make) a place wherein great numbers of people are af- fenibled to work upon any particular fort of goods ; a commodity, or any fort of work made by the hand. MANUFA'CTURF, S. [Fr. from manus. Lat. a hand, and facto, Lat. to makej any fort of work made by the hand. To MANUFA'CTURE, V. A. [manu- faflmcr, Fr.] to produce or work upon any thing by the hands, or by art, MANUFA'CTURER, S. one who per- forms any work by labour of the hands ; or keeps great numbers of men to work on any particular commodity. To MANU"MISE, V. A. [manuminiit, from numumitto, Lat. J to fet free or deliver from Ihvery. «' Captives manumifcd." Wata. MANU'MISSION, S. [manumilJlo, Lat.J the aft of givint; liberty to Haves. To MANU'MJ f, V. A. \manumitto, Lat.J MAR to deliver from flavery; to fet fref, MANURABLE, Adj. [from marure] ca- pable of being rendered better by cultivation. MANU'RANCE, S. [from manure'] agri- culture, or hufbandry, " Kept from manw " ranee." Spenfer, To MANU'RE, V. A. {manowvrier^ Fr,] to cultivate, or improve ground by hulbandry or manual labour ; to dung or fatten land. MANU'RE, S. any thing laid on lands to enrich and fatten them. M/^NU'REMENT, S. the improvement of land by manual labour, or covering it with dung and other comports. MANCJ'RER, S. a perfon who enriches and improves land by manual labour; a hufbandman. MA'NUSCRIPT, S. {manufcrit, Fr. ma- nufcriptnm, Lat.] a written book or copy, generally applied to fuch books as have never been printed MA'NY, Adj. [comparat. more, fuperlat. mojl; from mctnig, manig. Sax.] confifling of a great number ; numerous ; feveral. An indefinite number, preceded and followed by as ; all that. " As many as, were willing." Exod. XXXV. 22, _ MANY-COLOURED, Adj, having va- rious and different colours. MANY-HEADED, Adj. having feveral or a great number of heads. MANY- TIMES, an adverbial phrnfe for often or frequently. MAP, S. [mappe, Fr. mappa, Ital.] a geographical pi>fture, or a projedion of the globe, or a part thereof, on a plain furface, reprefenting the forms anddimenfions of the feveral countries, rivers, and feas, with the fituation of cities, mountains, and other places, according to their refpeclive longi- tude and latitude. To MAP, V. A. to make a map ; to de- lineate a country, &c. on paper. To de- fcribe the fituation of a place. " If Pifanio " have m pped it right." Shak. MA'PEL-TREE, S, [mapuhreo, Sax.l a tree with jagged angular leaves, whofe feeds grow together in hard winged vedels, of which the fycamore is a fpfcies. To MAR, V. A. [myrran, Sax.] to in- jure; to fpoil, hurt, or damage. MARANA'THA, S. [Syr] a fnrm of threatning, curfing, and anathcmatifing a- mong the Jews. MARA'SMU.S, S. [from /^ap«,»*, Gr.] in Medicine, an extreme wading or confump- tion of the whole body. MARA'UDING, Adj. ranging about for plunder, MARBLE, S. [mtirble, Fr. marmor, Lat. from f^affActiotu, Gr.] a kindof ftonc found in great mafles, and dugout of quarries, of {o hard and compact a lubltancc, and fo fine a grain, that it readily takes a beautiful polifli, and is ufcd in Ihtucs, chimney-pieces, &c. t Small MAR MAR Fmr.U rouiK^ flones played u.ich by children, j M/VR GINAL, A^j. [mar^jna/, Pr.]f liguratiydy applied to a llon« with a ic- i placed, or writ on the blank Ipacc orbornkr maikable infaiption. •' The Arunddiaii |of a bonk. MARBLE, AJj. made of marble } varie- gated, or of different colouis, like mai^blq. T» MAR.B.LE, V. X [maibrer, fr.J to paint with veins, cloudji.or diifej:ent colpurs, in refemhlancc of ni.ub]c. MA'RBLED, Adj. ioniethir>g veined or cloudeu in imitation of marble. MA'InCA^I;'!. E, S. [Fr. mareajite, low Lat.] q folid hari fofiUe, of an obfcure, re- gular and foiiaceous flrii(Quie,, a bright glit- I or vinegar, tering appearance, ami fcund in continntd | MARl'NE, heds among the veins, of ores, or in the tij- fure."; of flone. MAB.GFl, S. [from Man, Lat.] the nanieof the third month of the year, reck- oning January as.thc firlK Till the altera- tion of ftilt in 1564. among the French, aod lately, by a(^ of padi.-inicut, in England, it was efttenied the fn 11 month, and the year began on ihe 25th day of it. To MARC;H, V. N. [tr.aicker, Fr ] to journey, applied to an army. To walk in a "rave, folemn, and delibcrdte manner. Ac- tively, tx) put in motion, or make an army advance ; to bring on in regular proccffion.. MAIxCHv S. [from rhe verb] a million, walk, or iourncy of foldii.-i-.s ; a grave and lalemn walk; a tune played on infkumeuts dnving the march or progi;i.fe of an army ; figivall. tbr an army to m.ove. In the plural, bordcis limits, or confines of a. comitiy- MA'RCtlER, S. [mwcheu; Fc.J a prefi- j dent of tljc wiaechcs ot; borders. MJi'RCHIOMESS, S. tha wife of a, mar- MA'RCTD, Adj;. [n:,v'ndtis,, Lai.] lean ; p'ning Withered, applied to plants. ^^ Mar- *■' cUy dyin.g hjcrbs." Diy,i. MA'l<-Ct)UR, S. [liuvroi', Lat.]. Icinnefs. 5 the (late of withsriii.g ; a. confunipiion, or wade flefh. " The extenuation, oi mojCQur." J^roivii. IVIARE» S;. [mare wara. Sax.] the fc- sji'iilcof a iioifc; a kind of flagnatiou, which fcems to prefs the ftomach with a weight v, hen lilecp^: d'eiived. ii^n-i.M^ra, the narjie of a fpirit, fuppofvd, by the northern na,taon.s, to »ic)r«ient ptrfoos aflcep : it is. called tlie night mfi > " • M.VRESCHAL, S. a chief commander of a(j ;vrmy. MA'RG-ARITE, S. [w.i>wrzVa, Lat. mar- rui'iie, Fr.] a pearl. " Ihe niargaritc or " peaxk*' PtachtitH. MARGK, MA'RGENT, or MARGIN, S. [tlve lail is mort in ufe; from margo, war^y.lh Lat. vfurgt^ Fr.] the bordu" ; a Uiak, edge, or verge ; the border of paper in a. l>ook, which lutrounds the page ; tl>c ffdgt <ii a. wound or f^we. *' The «,v«na«is of M A'RGINATED, Adj. \n;argim:tus, Lat.] having a margin. MA'RGRAVE, S. [marggrnff, Teiit.]' a title of fovereigijty in foermany, which figni- fies literally, a keeper ojt^ the marches or borders. MA'RIET, .S. a kind of violet. MARIGOLD, S. a yellow flower. To MARINATE, V. A. f;nwrw/;,,5r.], to flit fifli, and afterwards prefervc it in qIIi Adj. [pronounced trtarefny mlsrwui, Lat. J belonging ro the fea, MARI'HE, S, [pronounced inar-e^n ; froni} la ir.archic, Fr ] fea affairs or forces; a fol- dier taken on board a Ihip to be employed in defcents on land. M.A'RINER, S. [mar'wer, Fr. from marc. Lot. the fea] a feanian or failor ; one liiredr to do all common bufinefs on board a fliip, tending t(! its failing or prefervation. M.A'RjORAM, S>. [iKarjcrana, Lat. mar- jorlaine, Fr.j a fragrant plant j of which there are feveral I [levies. MA'RITAL, S. iFr. maritus^ Lat.] be- longing or incident to a hufband. " Marital " afFetlion." Jvlifc, MARI'TIMaL, or MARITIME, Adj. [)ija>if:;nu!, Lai muiitime, Fr.] performed at, or belonging to the fea ; bordering on the fea; naval. MARK, S. [marcy Brit, mearc. Sax. »:«;- que, Fr. j a token by which a thing is known and dilHnp^ui'.bed from another ; an inipreC- fion J a proof or evidence; any thing which 'a gun or other millile weapon is dire£\ed to- w.-<rds ; the Cgn by which a horfe's age may be difcovered ; a charailer made !)y thofe who cannot write their names; a piece of money valued at 13s. 4d. from p:arc, Fr. A htut- of mark or »:ar/jue, a licence given by a king or flate, whereby private perfons are autho- rized to fit out fhips, and make reprifals on the fuLjeils of another flate. To M.'V Rli, Y. A- [mcrcaMy Sax. marqutrf Fr.] to make an impreflion, character, or fjgu, by which a thing may be known cr dilliuguilhcd from others; to wound ; to B<ne, obferve or take notice of. NeiUerly, to ob- fei-weortakc notiitc of; to work lett«n or figures on linnen, H^c. MA'RKER, S. [nwrquer, Fr."j one that makes fome fign, character, or impreflion on a thing; one that takes noticeof a thing. MA'RKET, S. faaciently written tner' ca', of ir:rrc.:tiis, Lat.] a public time or place wherein things are bought or fold ; purchafc or falc. Figuratively price ; rate. Tq MA'RKET, V. N. to deal at market eitlicr in buying or felling ; to make bargain.":, MA'RKET- CROSS, S. a crofe formerly (iaup where a wuii^tt. was hd^L I MA'RKET* MAR MAR MA'RKET-DAY, S. a day on \vliich i which a man and a woman are lawfully unit things are publicly bought and ibid in a market. MA'RKET-MAN, S. a man that goes to the market to buy or fell j one that under- ftands dealing at a market. MA'RKEl-PLACE, S. a place where a market is held. MA'RKET-PRICE, or MA'RKET- RATE, S. the price at which anything is commonly fold in or out of a market. MA'RKET-IOWN, S. a town that has the privilege of a rtatcd market. MA'RKETABLE, Adj. fuch as may be fold commonly in a market MA'RKMAN, or MA'RKSMAN, S. a perfcn fkillcd in hittiii'g a mark. MARL, S. [niuiJ, Brit, margel, mergel, I Be!g- ] a kind of clay, become falter and of] a more enriching qual.ty, by a better fer- mentation, and by its having lain fo deep in the earth, as not to iiave fpent or weakened its fcrtlliz'ng quality by any produft. To MARL, V. A. to manure or improve grounds with marl. To MARL, V, A. [from marline'] t.o bind natv\i(lcd)iemp dipped in pitch round a cable, in order to guard it from tri(flion. MA'RHNE, S. [n:careu, meariva. Sax. foftj along wreath of uiuwirtcd hemp dipped in pitch, with which the ends of cables are guarded, to preferve iliem from fiitlioq. MA'RLINE-SPIKE, S. a fmall piece of iron, ufed in faRcning ropes together, or in opening the bolt of a rope, when a fail is lo be fewed to it. MA'RLY, Adj. abounding in marl ; hav- ing the qualities of marl. MA'RMALADE, or MA'RMALET, S. [marmahde, Fr.] a kind of confcrve or fweet- meat, made of quinces cut and boiled with fugar. MA'RMOSRT, S. {mannoujet , marmot, Fr. rnarmctto, Ital.] a fm:ill monkey. MA'RMOT, or MA'RMOi'TO, S. fS^c Marmafer] Ray fays, that this is the n:;is alpi- fius, and that it h'dts itfelf all the winter, du- ring which it lives upon its own fat. MA'RQUETRY, S. [marquctene, Fr.] chequered work j work inlaid with various colours. MA'RQl'IS, S. [nmrquls, Fr. marqufs, Spain.] a title of honour ncxttoadukc. It Was introduced into England hy Riciiard 11- who created Robert Vere, carl of O.vford, marquis of Dublin, and was only a titular. dig ed for life. This word is very often joined with others in compofition, and then takes the nature of an adjc£live. MA'RRIAGEABLE, Adj.fitfor marriagej of an age to be married. MA'RROW, S. [niet-g, merih, Sax.] an ole- aginous or fat fubflance contained in the hol- low of a bone, which is defigncd hy the bene- ficent arcliiie^t of our frames to fupple the bones and render them lefs liable to break. Figuratively, the quintcflence, or beft part oj: any thing. MA'RROW-BONE, S. any hollow bone of an animal containing marrow. M A'RROWFAT, S. a large mellow kiai of pea. , \ MA'RROWLESS, Adj. withoct marrow. To M.^RRY, V. A. [nutrner, Fr. marita, Lat.]tojoin a man and woman togetlieri fo that they may cohabit lawfully during life j to difpofe of in marriage ; to take for a huf- basd or wife. Ncuterly, to enter into the date of marriage. MARS, MARSH, or MAS, in the names of places, arc derived {torn merfc. Sax. a fen, or watery place. MARSH, S. \merfc. Sax.] a fen, bog, fwamp, or tradl of land abounding in water. MA'RSHMALLOW, S. a kind of mal- low growing in wet ground, and refemblinj; the common in all refpecfls, excepting that its leaves are foft and wcolly. MA'RSH MARIGOLD, S. a flower. MA'RSI-IAL, S. \tiuirell-bol, Fr.] the chief officer of an army. See Maicfchal. An oi- ficer who regulates combats in the lifts ; uiv one who regulates the rank or order atafc.ift or other ailembly ; one who puts things or jierfons in proper order ; an harbinger, or one who goes beibre a prince to give notice of his coming, and prepares for his reception. To MA'K^HAL, V. A. to pUce in proper ranks or order; to lead as an harbinger. •' Fhou " marpii-'Wfi me the way." iihak. MA'RSflALLER, S. a perfon that puts thing's ill order. MA'R-SHALSEA, S. a prifon in t!.e bo- rough of Sontliuark ; fo called from its be- longing to the niariluil of the king's hoirfe- hold. MA'RSHALSHIP, S. the office of mar- (hul. RiA'RSHy, /idj. boggy; wet ; produced in marfties. MART, S. [contra£led from in^vhrt^ a nity : thofe who had the care of frontiers, as} place oi public traffic or trad* Figurative iy, the word imports, being ftiled marchen, fiqt u bargain, whether purcliafe or f«le.^ " Vcn- marquifes. <( m,-^ nuJly on a defperatc m..'r/.'* Sla(k. MA'RQUISATE, S. \m9rqmj.u, Fr.] the Uuen ofvuvT. See Mark. KJgiiiory or province of a tpirquis. To MART, V. A. to trade; to buyer fell. MA'RRF.R, S. [from ;,var] one who fpoils.j •' Nothing m.in.J." Slwi. damages, or hurts anything or peifoii. MA'R 1 EN, or MA'RTERN, S. fm^;/.-, M.VRRIAGE, S. (tnarrjagc, Fr. from ma-\ nartr,\ Fr. >r:jrt,s, Lat.]a large kind of wea- riUn, Iv't. a hutbandj tlie uCi orcenmcney byi ai, whole Ikii) ot tur u much valued; a kind 3 \ of MAS of fwallow that Imilds in houfes ; from mar- telct, Fr. MA'RTIAL, Adj. [Fr. v'.a>-!'a!h, Lat. from Mai 5, the god of war [ warlike ; brave ; given to war ; having a warlitic (hcv ; ufed in war. In chemidry, having particlrs or properties of iron ; from Mi'n, the chemic.il word for iron. Borrowing qualities from the planet Mars, applied to aerology. NU'RTINCiAL, S. \Mmtn:s;aIe, Fr.] a bro;id leather thong or ftrap fal+ened at one end to the girths under the h.clly of a horfc, from whence it pafTcs between his fore- l^o?, and is fidened at the other end to the nol'e- band of the bridle, to hinder a horfc from rearing, MA'RTINMAS, S. [^\nm Mar-th, and »:fl/j, a feftivalj the feaft of St. Martin, the nth of November. MA'RTINET, or MA'RTLET, S.[war- ti>:et, virrtck', Fr.] A kind of AvaUow. MATINETS, S. fma-lllines f»([ened to the lectch of a faii, to bring that part of the Icetcli next to the yard arm clofe up to the "yard, when the fail is to be furled. .MA'l<.TyU, S. [n-artyr, Fr. from jUarTy;, Gr.J in its primary fenic, a witnefs ; in its Secondary i'enfe, a witne'softhc truth of Chri- lliinity ; but as the witnefling of its truth was, at firft, generally attended with p erfecu- tion and death, the word is now applied to iuch pcrfons only as die in atteltingthe tiuth @i any do(ftrine. To MA'RTYR, V. A. to put to death ibr refokitely maintaining any opinion. MA'RTYRDOM.S. the aflof putting to death for refoluttly and immoveably main- taining any opinion; thea£l of endiipng death in atteftation of the truth of an opinion, or fait. MA'RTYROLOGY, S. [nartyrologc, Fr. itjartyclogiun:, low Lat ] a rogilier or cta- logiie of martyrs : fometimes extended to fig- •nify an hillory of martyis. M.A'R VKL, S. [meii'.i le,VT. marafigilux, Jral. I a wonder ; any thing that raifes won- der or aftoniih.ment. To MA'RVEL. V.N. {iver^vcUk,-, mara- •t':eLr;rc, Ita!. ) to wonder or be aftonifhcd. 'MAK'VELLOUS, Adj. traT-vcllcux, Fr.] capLhlc of exiting wonder or aftonifhment ; ftrange furpafifing cicdit. Ufed fubftantively to e,;prtfo any tiling exceeding natural power, op|K^f^d to probable. .MA'RVKLLOUSLY, Adj. in a Orange, extraordinary, and wonderful manner. MAR'VF.LLOUSNr-.SS, S. the quality which excites wonder or aftonifhment. MA'SCULINE, .<^d). \»:oJckI:!i, Fr. w.w/- cuUrtr, Lat.) male j rckmbiing a man ; bold. In grammar, the gender appiopiiated to ihe male kind, though not always expreHing fex. MA'SCULINELY, Adv. like a man 5 buldly. MAS MA'SCULTNENESS, S, the quality by which a perfon refembles 1 man, applied by way of reproach to women. The figure or behaviour of a man. MASH, S. {Ksfche, Eclg. maUlc, Fr ] the fpace between the threads of a net, generally written m.-p}. Any thing mingled or contuf- fed together froni mifcbfn, Belg. to mix. A mixture for a horfe. To MASH, V. A. [mafcher, Fr. maccsre, ftaJ. J to beat or bruife into a c jnfufed mafs J to mix water and malt together in brewing. MASK. , S {rimfpic, Fr. | a coven worn over the face to difguife it. Figuratively, a pre-, text, prUcnce, or Aibterfuj^e. A diamatic piece written in a tragic ftyle without atteu- tioncitlier lo rule or probability. To I\IASK, V. A. Imafquer, Fr.] to dif- guife or cover with a mafk. Figuratively, to cover or hide under fome pretence. MA'sKED, fi-^'y covered or concealed. " A majkcd battery." MA'SKER, S. a perfon who exhibits in a mafk. M i.'SON. S. [wwK, Fr. mackk,\Qvi Lat.] one who builds in ftone. MASQUERA'DE, S. [mafcara, Arab.] a diverfion or public anembly^ wherein the company is malked and difguifed ; a difguife- " Came to vifit thee in n:af(jucrjdc.'" Dryd. To MA'SQ.'JEKADt', V. N. to go ia difguife ; to aflemblc in malk and other dif- '. guifes. MASS, S. [p:aUi, Fr. majfa, Lat.] a body; a lump ; a large quantity ; bulk j a vaft bodyj an aflemblage of fevcral things, forming one confufed and diftinfl body; agrofs body; the general. " The ;;;j3/i of the people." iiiiifr. In divinity, this word originally implied on- ly a feftival, and was in this fenfe ufed in the word C;fcr.^w<!i, long before the in troduflion of the facrament of the mafs ; but at length it was ufed to fignify the Euchaiii't, and is at prefent appropriated to the office or public prayers, ufed by the Romilh church in tho celebration of the Eucharift, To MASS, V. N. to celebrate mafs. Ac- tively, to thicken ; to Arengthen. " Filli.ig " or ma ffiig the hou/e." Haywaid. MA'SSaCRE, S. f Fr. from mnz.xa'-e, Ital. j the crime of killing great numbi-rs of perfon s without any diftinOion, and not in a condi- tion to defend the.T.felvcs ; murder. To MA'SSACRH, V. A. \m^JI'2(rc,;Yv.\ to butcher ; to deftroy great midtitudes. MA'SSICOT, S. [Fr] cerus calcined by a moderate degree of fire.- diftinguilhed ac- cording tothe ditreiencc of its colour, which ^ arifes fram the diflereiU degrees of heat which it endures. MASSJNESS, S. greatnefs of weight, bulk' or folidiry. MA'SSIVE, Adj. [fuajflf, Fr.] heavy; bulky ; folid. ' MA'S- u ^ s MA'SSIVENFSS, S. the quality of being weiglitv, bulky and fol'd. MA'SSY, Adj. weighty; bulky; folid. MAST, S. Fi. [w^y?, Sax.] the beam or poft fi-Htiding Hiri^ht in a (hip or veflel, to wfiich a fail !s fixed ; the fruit of the oak or ■ btich-tree. MA'STED, Adj. carrying a mafl:. MA'STER, S. ( ,..,73/?<-;-, old Tent. wfj/?,r, Tes.t. Pieifier, Belg. ma'itre, Fr. magifter, Lat. ) a perfon \\lio has fervants under him; a ruler; a chief or head; a poflefibr ; the comiT)and,'r of a trading vefTel ; a perfon fubje£t to Ho controul, a te:'xher or infiniRor ; a yoiinq gentieinan ; title of lefpcdl; a peifon emi- ntr.tly fkillcd in any trade or fcifiicc : a title of dignity at the univerfities, and in thecourti of law. To MA'STER, V. A. to rule, ;;overn, or keep in fiibjeftion ; to conquer ; to perform with fl;ill ; to overcome any difficulty, or ac- complilh any dcfign. RIA'STEKDOM, S. [from rnaPer and dom,, Sax.] dominion or rule. " Sovereign fway " and maficrdoin." Shah. MA'SlER.-HAND, S. one eminently /killed in any profefTion. MA'STER-JEST, S. a principal jeff. MA'STER-KEY, S. a key which can open many locks that have different wards. MA'STER-LEAVER, S. one that deferts his mailer. " A im^jier-ha-ver and a fugitive." -Shak. Not in Hfe. MA'STERLESS, Adj. wanting a mnfler or owner; not to be g'->vernfd ; unfuhdued. .M.VSTERLINESS, S. eminent in Ikill. MA'S I ERLY, Adj. Aiitiihlc to or becom- ing a mafler ; artful : llie.'.ing great fkill ; im- pciious ; with the fway of a mader. MA'STER-HIECE, S. a capit:.! perform ance, which Ihews great art and fkill ; a ciiief or eminent excellence. MA'SIERSHli'.S. dominion ; rule ; pow- er; a pcrfcift work ; a curious and capital per- formance ; fkill ; knowledge; Aiperi >ilty or pre-eminence. MA'SIER-SfNEV/, S. a large linew fur- rounding the hoof, .ii-id dividing it from the bone I)y a hollow pl,,ce, v^liere the windgalls are ufually feated; and is the Ijp. eft andiiiort vifible finew in a hoi fe's body. MA'STER-STRING, S. the principal ftving. " The fnnfl,y-Jl,'ing — that makes the " moft harmonv." Rotue. MA'STER-STROKE, S, a flroke or per- formance that fhcws «;reat fkill. M.AS I ER- I E (fjH,S.tlK- principal fecth. " Some-have their ir.afler-tmh indented," Bac. MA'STER-WORT, S. a plant, wliofc root is ui'ed in medicine. M.VSTERY, S. dominion ; rule; fuperi- ority, < r I're-fminencc ; fkill. A'iA'STfUL, Avlj. aboiindlng in m-fl or MAT fruit, applied to the oak or beech trees, MASTiCA'TlON, S. \maJlicauo, Lat.] ths a(X of chewing. MA'STICATORY, S. Imajluatoh-e, Fr.} a medicine to be chewed, but not Aval- lowed. M A'STICH, S. \maft\c, Yi.\ a kind of gum gathered from trees, in Scio of the fanie name ; a kind I'f mortar or ccmennt. " Jom •' them together and turn them into a kind " oiimjTuh:' AddiJ. MA'S TIFF, S. [plurd viap-jes, for all nouns ending in/", or /i- in the fingular, change into ws in theplural jfVorn mejllff, Fr.] a large fized dog, generally iifcd as a guard in houfcs and yards. MA'STLESS, Adj. without mafls. MA'STLtN, S. [mrjler, Fr ] mixed corri, confifling of wheat and rye. MAT, S. [mmte Sax. tnc.ate, D.in. r-.atd, Lat.] a kind ofa manufatfture or texture made of fedge?, flags, or rufhes woven together. Irj a fhip, plats made office net and tlwums, to keep the cordage fafl:. To MAT, V. A. to cover with mats ; to tvi'ifl, inicrweave, or join together like a mat. MA'TADORE, S. {mr.tada-. Span.] a hand of cards, fo called from the adv-,nt.nge it his over the contrary party, and its winning filth a number of pieces out of the pool, which on that account are called matadircs likewife. Ma'TACHIN, S, ffrom v.atadorc, Spain.] an old dance fo called from its imitating fji^'Jiting. "'ma I CH, S. mede, Fr . m\xli, Ital.] a fmall piece of deal dipt in brimfione ; any tiling that c;'.tches fire, particularly applied t(» a kind of rope llightly twiiled, and prepaveJ to retain fire madcufcofin dilcliarging guns, ^c. A conteff ; a game; i»ny mutual contefl; from [■'■a.yri, Gr. a fight. One equal to con- teft or light with another ; one that fuits or tall es with another, from inaca. Sax. A mar- riage ; one to be married. 1 o MATCH, V. A. to equal ; to fbew any iliin^ equal or like to ; to fuit or proportion; to marry, or give in marriage. Ncutcrly, to be married, to tallv. aIA'TCIIABLE, Adj. fuitab1c;rcfemb!ing perfccflly. MATCHLESS, Adj. without an equal; not admitting cempariion, MA'TCHLESSLY, Adv. in a manner not to be equalled. MATCHLESSKESS, S. the quality of no"- admitting an equal, or a comparifon. Ma' TCH-MaKER, S, one who is mlhu- nient.il to a pcrfon's marriage ; one who makes matches to burn, MAT K, S. [;;;.7fa, Sax. r:att Belg.] a huf- band or wife ; a communion whether male or fcmiile ; the male or fcm.ilc animaU ; one that f.i!> ill the fame Ihip; one that eat"- 't 1 t^a MAT the fame tablej one that is the (acand in lank. " A fiirgcoirs mate," To MATE, V. A. to match or niai-ry ; to be equal to ; to crufh ; to confound. MATE'RIAL, Adj. [Kuifaial, Fr. maten- «//i, Lat.] confifting of matter, oppofed to (piritual. Important j momentous} eflcntial. MATE'RIALS, S. [notufcd in the fingu- lar ; mattnaux, Fr.] the fubftance of which any thing is made: generally applied to things compofed of ditTerent fubllanccs. MATE'RIALIST, S. one who denies the exiftence of fpirit. MATERIALLY, Adv. in ihe ft«e of matter ; edentially or importantly. M ATE'R I ALNESS, ,&. the ftate ofconfift- jng of matter. Figuratively, the quality of being important or eliential. MaTE'RIATE, or MATE'RIATED, Adj. [materia, Lat.j coniirting of matter. " Immateriate, or lefs mcitenaie" Bacon. MATER I A'T ION, S. [ from materia Lat.] the ad of forming matter. " Amateri- athn of even matter itfeif." Bac. MATE'RNAL, Adj. [matertte Fr. ma- tertius, Lat.] motherly, becoming or belong- ing to a mother. MATE'RNITY, S. [matermfe, Fr,] the charader cr relation of a mother. MATHEMA'TIC, or MATMEMA'TI- CAL, Adj. [mathsrKaticus, Lat] according to the rules of mathematics J belonging to ma- thematics. MATHEMA'TICALLY, Adv. according to the rules of mathematics. MATHEMATI'CIAN, S. [mathmatkus. La', mathemaiicier., fr.] a pcrfon (killed in the mathematics. MATHEMATICS, S. \ fxaQnfJL^P.un, Gr.] the fcience which confiders quantity ei- ther as computiblc, or meafurable : it is di- vided into pure and viixc ; the pure confi- ders quantity in the abflrad, i. e. without aay relation to matter; and (he mixt, as fubfiding in material beings j as length in a road, fiff. MA'THESIS, S. fjuaS»ri?, Gr.] the doc- trine or fcience of mathematics. MA'TIN, Adj. [marine, fr.J ufcd in, or belonging to the morning. MA'TIN, S. the morning. In the plural, applied to the prayers ufed at morning wor- fhip. MA'TRASS, S. [matrafs, Fr.] in Chc- miftry, a glafs veflel for digeftion or dilHlla- fion, fomttimes bellied, and fometimes riling gradually taper into a conical figure j a kind ot hard bed put under a fofter. M.VTRICE, S. \„!a[rix, Lat.] the womb ; a mould which gives form to fomething In- cloftd. " Thclc (bells ferved as matrices or " moulds to them." U'oodiv. MATRlCIDt, S. [matricidiuin, Lat.] the crime of murdering a mother j a pcrfon who iuHs a mother. MAT To MATRI'CULATE, V, A. to entf r 3£ a member at an univerlity ; to cnlifl ; to en- ter into any fociety by fcttingdown a perlbn's name. MATRI'CULATE, S. a perfon entered in an univerfity. MATRICULA'TIOM, S. the ad of en- tering a perfon as a member of a» univerfily. MATRIMO'NIAL, Adj. [Fr. mairimom- uni, Lat.] Suitable to marriage; belonging to marriage. MA'TRIMONY, S. [matrimonium, Lat.] marriage; the folemn contrad entered into between a man and woman to be faithful to each other daring life ; the (late of a married perfon. MA'TRIX, S.[Lat.OTtffW«,Fr.]thc womb. Figuratively, a place where any thing is gene- rated or formed. MA'TRON, S. [matrone, Fr. rr.atrom, Lat.] an elderly lady, or old woman. MA'TRONAL, Adj. [matronalis, Lat.] fuitable to a matron ; candituting a matron. " Oi matronal years." Bacon. MA'TRONLY, Adv. after the manner of a matron ; refembling a matron ; elderly. MA'TROSS, S. in the train of artillery, a f~ldier next below a gunner, who aflilts in traverfing, fpunging, loading and firing the guns ; they carry firelocks, and march along with the (tore waggons, both as a guard, and to afllft in cafe of accidents. MA'TTER,S. afoiid, hard, mafTy, impe- netrable, divifible, moveable, and paftive fub- (lance ; the (ird principle of natural tiling", from the various arrangements and combina- tions of whofe particles arife the differenc bodies that appear in the univerfe. Body op- pofed to fpirit ; the materials of which any tiling is compofed j a fubjed or thing treated o''. " The matter o( my fong." Par. Lcji. An aifiir or bulinefs ; the caufe of any di- (lurbaiice. " What's the matter f" Shak. Im- port ; confequenccj"'iTicment, or importance, generally p'^'^^'^cd by ro, " Nc matter, now " 'tis pali." Grfls-t'.lhe thingorobjcd which is under particular relation ; a purulent run- ning, or corruption in a fore. 1 MATTER, V. N. iifed imperfonally, todgnify; to import, or be of importance. In Surgery, to generate or produce corrup- tion or pus. " The herpes beneath mat- " i,r\i." Jyi'eii:. Adivtiy, to regard ; to look upon, or confider as of any impor- tance. MATTERY, Adj. fiJl of matter, or pus, applied to wounds. MATTOCK, S. [mattuc. Sax.] a kind of toothed inflriimcnt ufed to grub up trees and weeds, and to pull up wood. " You muft dig " with warrcf/t and with fpade." i'/'a*. MATTRESS, S. fwaf/;j/i, Fr. attrai, Brit.] a kind of a quilt made to lie on. Sec M.i!raft. MAiyRA/TION, S, [matvatio^A.zu'] the ad MAY s(\ of ripening ; the fJateoi" growing vipe. Tn JViedicinc, thcfuppiiration of excrcmencitions or extravafated juices into matter. MA'fURATlVE, Adj. [matnrus, from -fsaturn, Lat.j ripening or conducing to ripc- riels. in Surgery, promoting the fuppuration of a fere. MATU'RE, Adj. {v.aturu^y Lat.] ripe ; pcrfc(fted by time, figuratively, brought near to a completion ; fit for execution ; well diged- cd^ anived at full age, or years of difcretion. ToMATU'RE.V. A [w^«/^o,Lat.j loripen. MATU'RELY, Mv. ripely j complete- ly; with deliberation, or in a well digefted manner. MATU'RITY, S. \maturiu'. Fr. mahirltas, Lat.] a ftate of ripeiiefs or perfecflion. MAU'DLIN, Adj. drunk; intoxicated with liquor. MAUGRE, [malgre, Fr. tn lgrado,\Vi\.] in fpite of ; notwithitanding: fcldom v{t:ii. 1 o MAUL, V. A. 1 Sea Ma!l\ to beat ; to bruife in a coarfe and cruel manner. MAUND, S. [mand, Sax. mande, Fr.J a hand bafktt. To MAU'NDER, V. N. [maudire, Fr.] to grumble ; to murmur with difcontent. MAU'NDERER, S. one that iifes mur- muring and provoking words through dif- content. MAU'NDAY-THURSDAY, S. [derived by Spelman, from matide, Sax. a hand-ba/ket, from which the king was formerly accuftom- ed to give alms to the poor] the Thurflay be fore Good-Friday. MAUS'LEUM, S. [Lat. wavfok'e, Fr.] a name given by queen Artcmifia, of Caria, to a monument flie ereifled in honour of her hufband Miwfo/us] a pompous tomb or mo- iHiment, cre^ed in honour of a pcrfon that is dead. MAW, S, [maga, Sax. maeghe, Beig.] tlic flomach of bcafts, applied in contempt to that of mankind; thecraw or fit ft flomach of birds. MA'WKISH, Adj. [perhaps from waw] apt to produce fatiety or loathing. MA'WKISHNESS, S. the quality of cloying or producing fatiety and loa'hing. Ma'WMET, S. [See Mammet] a puppet «r doll : formerly an idol. MA'WMISH. Adj. foolifh;naufeous. MA'XILLAR, or MA'XILLARY, Adj f from maxillary Lat.J belonging to the jaw- bone. MA'XIM, S.[maxme,FT. maximus, Lat.] j an axiom ; a general and eftablilhed principle; a leading truth. MAY, [an auxiliary verb, by means of which we form the Englilh potential mood ; its preter is ^jgi't, from wag, Goth. t?ta-g, Sax,] to be poflibic ; to have power. In the imperative mood, or when it is at the begin- ning of a fcncance, it implies a wilh that a fGxioa Ihould have fomething in his power. M E A " My you live h"appiFy and long." Drydi May be, ufcd adveibially, implies perhaps, or it is podlble. MAY, S. [fo called from JUT^ia, the mo- ther of Mercury, who was facrificed to on the firft day] the iit'th month in the year, reck- oning January the firft : in this month the fun enters Gemini, and vegetatj'es are gene- rally in flower., Figuraiivety, the early, gay, and moll pleafant part of life. To MAY, V. N. to gatiiCr flowefs on the firft of May. MA'Y-BUG, S. a chaffer. MA'Y- FLOWER, S. a bloom or blorfom which grows on the licdgeson a kiiKi of white thorn. MAY-GAME, S. a diverlloh or fport j the obje£l of ridicule. MA'Y-LILLY, S. a flower called likewife the UUty of the ■vtilliy. SeeLrlJy. MA'Y-POLE, S. a long ere<ft pole round' which perfons dance on the firft of May. M^'YWEHD, S. a fpecies of chamomile. MA'YOR, S. [vidir, Frit, v.'jyei; Beig. and Teut.] the chief magiltrate of a city or town; the king's lieutenant, authoiized to make by-laws for the good of his particular community. K Richard I. changed the bai- liffs of London into mayors in 1189 ; which was afterwards praftifed with refpeft to other cities ; and on account of the mayi:)r of Lon- don's killing Wat Tyler, the ring-leader of an inftirreftion, witli his own hands, thij mayors of London have ever fince borne the title of lord, and a bloody dagger was added to the city arms, by way of commemoration, M A'YORALTY, S. the office of a mayorj the excrcife or pofleffion of the office of a mayor. MA'YORESS, S. the wife of a mayor, MA'ZZARD, S. [yuafchiin, Yt.rKaJe, Sax.] a jaw ; a low word. MAZE, S. [niljlen, Bclg.] a labyrinth, or place whofe paflages are fo winding and in- tricate, that it is not eafy to get out of them. Figuratively, perplexity, confufion, applied to the mind. To MAZE, V. A. to perplex, bewilder, or confufe. MA'ZER, S. vieafer, Beig.] a cup made of maple. " A bowl or maxer curioully " Carved." Dryd. MA'ZY, Adj. having winding and intri- cate paflages; perplexed; confiiCcd. M. A. an abbreviature fw iKogiJier artiunt, or mafter of arts. M. B, an abbreviature for mtdicinee baccf luurcus, or bachelor of phyfic. M. D. an abrcviature tor ir.cJkijta doffcr, or doftor of pliyfic. ME, the oblique cife of tl>c pmnoaa I, from the dat. accus. and ablal. of ;u. Sax. w<', Arcm. and Span, mi, Biil. It is ufeJ. fometimcs ungramaticaily tor /, as »«'»/•/>.■.<:(, in Head of Itffiri, M E A MEAD, S. \m:aJo, Sax. »Y^i, I5iit.] a irink made of honey and > ater, called like- wife wr'-?^^/;'; ; from wf*^^''.'-') '■') 8"t- MEAD, or ME'ADOW,' S. [?;(W^ Sax.] ground fomewliat watery, not plowed, and covered with grafs. jME'AGER. S. [pronounced m^gcr with the ^ hard ; from Ka^re, Fr. maccr, Lat] lean J wanting flefn. Thin, poor, or hun- gry, applied to ground. M E C i^xcellencc ; defe<n: ; want of dignity, birth or fortune ; fordidnefs. MEANT, [pronounced »»*«;] the perfeft and parr, paflive of Mean, ME'AN-TLME, M.-'AN WHILE, Adv. in the fpacc or interval happening between two periods of lime. ME'ASLED, Adj. infeaed with the n)calles. ME'ASLES, S. [maftkn, meffekn, Belg.] Mli'AGERNESS, S. leanncfsj want of a cutaneous difeafe, confiding in a general flefh; fcantinefs; fmallnefs MEAL, S. [male. Sax. a repail, mud. Belg. food] the afl of eating at a certain time; a repart; a part or fragment ; the flour of wheat corn, finely ground or fifteJ, from tnakive. Sax. To MEAL, V. A. \niehr, Fr.] to fprinkle, mingle, or fpot. ME'ALMAN, S. one that deals in flour or meal. ME'ALY, Adj. having the tafte or other qualities of meal ; befprinkled or fpottcd as with meal. ME'ALY-MOUTHED, Adj. \mealw, or main. Sax.] foft-mouthed ; unable to ad- drefs a perfon through balhfulnefs. ME'ALY-MOUTHEDNESS, S. balhful- sefs. MEAN, Adj. \ma:ne. Sax.] wanting dig- nity; of low birth or rank j low minded ; contemptible, or defpicable; middle ; mode rate, or without exccfs; from myen, Fr, fnian, Perf Intervening ; intermediate; com- ing or happening between any two periods of time. ME.'VN, S. \moyen,Yr. m'lan, Perf] me- diocrity ; a m'ddlo- Hate between two ex- tremes; a medium; an interval; anything \ifed to^fTeft an end. Merhod or manner, ufed in the plural, and by the bed writers, though ungrammiitically, with an adjeflive (ingular. '* Employed as a meiJns of doin^; «« good." Atte.'iury. By all mc in, fignifies without doubt, hefitation, or fail. By no THcani, not in any degree or refpeft; not at all. In the plural number, it is likewife ufed for revenue, or fortune. To MEAN, V. N. [preter and participle meant, pronounced vicU ; from ivaniun. Sax.] to have in the mind} to intend; to defign ; to hint at. MEA'NDER, S, [from Meander, a river in Phrygia, remarkable for its winding courlcj a maze ; labyrinth ; a winding courle. MEA'NDROUS, Adj. having many turn- ing? or windings, ME'ANING, S. purpofe, or intention ; the fenfe, or thing undcrftood by any ex- prcflion. ME'aNLY, Adv. [from mean the adjec- tive] moderately ; in a low degree ; in a poor or bafe manner ; without wealth, dignity, «r rcfpc(ft. ME'ANNESS, S. want of pcrfeamn, or appearance of eruptions, not tending tos fup- puration, of the nature of flea bites, which come out the fourth day after a perfon is ta- ken, and difappear the fourth day after their. coming out ; fo that the diftemper bears a near rcfemblance to the fmall-pox. A difeafe in fwine, appearing in red fpots upon their fliin. MEA'SLY, Adj. fcabbed with the meafles. ME'ASURABLE, Adj. [hommeafure] fiich as mav be meafured or computed. Figura- tively, moderate, or in fmall quantity. ME'ASURA&LENESS, S. the quality of being capable of meafure. ME'ASURaBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as may be meafured; moderately. ME'ASURS, S. [pronounced, mezure ', Kcfure, Fr. rny;.'r/r, Ital. from;/;c;:yi.Ti7, Lat.] that by which the quantity or extent of any thing is found ; the rule by which any thing is adjufted or proportioned ; proportion ; or fettled quantity; a fufficient quantity or de- gree; motion regulated by mufical time; the cadence or time obfcrved in poetry or dancing ; fjllables limited to certain numbers compofing a verfe ; metre ; a tunc. To have hard i!:r:ifui-e is to be hardly dealt by. To ME'ASURE, V. A. [mefurer, Fr.] to compute the quantity or extent of any thing by fome fettled rule ; to comprehend, " Great "are thy works; jehc-vah—'Wh^t ihoaf^ht "can meafure thee" Par. Lcji. Toadjuftj or proportion ; to allot or diflribute. MEASURELESS, Adj. not to be mea- fured, or comprehended. ME'ASUREMENT, S. the aft of find- ing the quantity or extent of any thing, by means of fome ftandard or rule. MEA'SURER, S. one that dlflributes things in proper quantities by means of fome ftandard or rule. MEAT, S, [mete. Sax. nuts, Fr.] flefh to be eaten ; food in general. ME'ATTED, Adj. fed j foddered, ap- plied to cattle. MECHA'NIC, or MECHA'NICAL, Adj. [meckar.icus, Lat.] mean ; fervile ; of mean, employ ; conftrufted by the laws of mecha- nics ; fltilled in mechanics. MECHA'NIC, S. a manufafturer, or per- fon engaged in handicraft employments. Me- chanic f ewers, are commonly reckoned fix, viz. the ballance, the le-ver, the fully, the fcreiv, the %udze, and the wheel, ■ ^ ME- MED MECHA'NICS, S. Um-/:'unL-j,L2t.]th£geo- metry oF motion, or a mathenntkal fcicnce, which (]icw the effects of powers or moving forces, fo f.cr as they are appHed to engines, and dcmonlf rate tlic lavvs of motion. MECHA'NICALLY, Adv. according to the lavvs of mechanifm. MECHA'NICALNKSS, S. agreeablenefs to the laws of meclianifm 5 mcaiuiefs. MECHA'NICIAN, S. [med'anid.-njT.] a man profciTIngand ftiidyinjjthe fcienceof the mechanic powers, or the conflniftion of ma- chines. " As ;?;tii)jn;V/ani fpeak." /jcy/f. Not in ufe. ME'CHANISM, S. aOion according 'to mechanic laws ; the conllrucHon of the parts depending on each other in any engine, or complicated machine. ME'DAL, S. [me.'loille, Fr.]' an ancient coin J a piece of metal llamped in honour of ionic extraordinary aflion or perfon. ]\IKDA'LLIC, Adj. belonging to medals. MRDA'LLION, S. [miJaillon, Fr.] a large antique (lamp or medal, bearing the f.;mc refpecl to ancient coins, as modern medals do to modern money. ME'DALLIST, S. hncdaV.Vfic, Fr ] a man Ikiiled or curious in collecfling medals. To ME'DDLF-, V. N. {mcddekn, Belg.] to have to do ; to concern one's felf about \ to interpofe or interfere oScioully. ME'DDLER, S. one who iiUerpofcs, or bufies himfelf with things that do uot con- cern him. ME'DDLESOME, Adj. officiouny inter- pofmg in affiirs that do not concern oncj in- termeddling. MEDIA'NA, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the name of a vein, or little vellel, made by the union of the cephalic and liafilic veins in the bend of the elbow ; likewife, the feam run- ning along the middle of the toni;i!e. MEDlA'STlNE, S. |Fr. mcdiljUnumX^'^.'] in Anatomy, a double fimbri..ted membrane, formed by the continuation of the pleuia, which Comes from th.e (lernum, and goes ftrait down through the middle of the thorax to the vertebra;, round which the guts are convolved, fullained, and prevented from lal- ling from one fide of the thorax to the other. To ME'DIATE, V. N. [from wedius, Lat.] to interpofe as an equal friend between two parties, in order to procure a reconcilia- tion ; to be between two. Atflively, to limit by fometliin^ placed in the middle. MPI'DIATE, Adj. \mcd\a,e-:, Fr.] inter- pofed ; coming between ; placed between two extremes. ME'DIATELY, Adv. by a fccondary or ifltervcning caufe. MEDIA'TION, S. [Fr.] intcrpolaion or intervention ; agency, or a power of acting between; intocefTion or inrreaty fur another. MEDl.VTOR, S. {maluiuur, Fr.] enc who a(f>s between two parties, in order to 1 MED procure a reconciliation ; an intercel'br in fa- vour (jf another. MEDIATO'RIAL, or MEDIATORY, Adj. belonging to a mediator. MEDIA' rORSHlP, S. the ofilce of a mediator. MEDIA'TRIX, S. a female or woman who afts between, or endeavours to reconeile two parties at variance. _ ME'DICAL, Adj. \neduui, L',t.] phy- (ical ; relating to medicine, or the art of healing. ME'DICALLY, Adv. after the manner of medicine ; according to the art or opera- tion of i^hyfic. ME'DICAMENT, S. [yx.vicdkamcntv.rn, Lat.] any thing ufed in healing j generally applied to external remedies. MEDICAME'NTAL, Adj. relating to medicines. MEDICAMR'NTAELY, Adv. after the manner, or wicli the power ot medicine. To ME'DICATE, V. A. \m,d-u-utat, of 7nedico, Lat,] to tinifture, impregnate, or al- ter by the infufion of medicines. MEDlCA'T]ON,-S. the aft of tincTluring, impregna'ing, ot alteiing by the intulion 'u£ medical ingredients. MEDI'CINABLE, Adj. [,m:ii^:„.:!!s, Lat.] having the power of phylic, or having the qualities of healing, curing, or removing dii- ordeis. MEDI'CINAL, Adj. Tat prcfent, it i.? ac- " cented on the fecoiul lyllablc, but it is ufcd in the bell authors with the accenc en the t];iid or lad J)llablebut one; from ff.i"(/;V/></./ii, l,at | having tlie power of healing ; belonging to phytic. MKOrCINALLY, Adv. phyfically. M E' D 1 C 1 N E , S . f p ro n o u n cc d mcdid/t ; from mcd'uine, Fr. viea'uhm. Lit.] phylie; any drug given to cure a difordcr ; the iirt of healing. MEDIO'CRITY, S. \mcdl»aite, Fr. v.idi- ociif.n, Lat. J a fmall degree; a middle rale or Itaie , moderation. T o ME'Dl-i-ATi;, V. A. [mcdiu>tu<:. from mtditftr, Lat. meditei-, Fr.J to plan, fchenie, or contrive in the mind ; to think on or re- volve in the miiul. Neiiterly, to think, dwell on, or contemrlite with intenfe thought. MEDlTA'riON, S. [ Er. n.editutlo, Lat ] deep thought, or clofe and intent application of the mind to any ("uljjech ME'DITATJVE, Adj. ftddi^ed to in- tenfe thought ; expreding any intention or delitin. MKOITERRA'NE,MEDITERRA'NF.- AN, MEDITERR.AN'EOUS, Adj. f;;,..//- ttiffn/c, Fr. from wd'uK, l.at. and rtrrtJ,\ at.] furrounded with land ; inland, or at a diltance from the fea. MEDITERRA'NEAV SEA, S. fo tilled as being furrounded willi l.md on all fide';, except at the (hei^his of tiiUraluir in the W. M E E and the Thracian Eofphonis on the V.. whlcl) hCi lets the Euxinc or Black fea into it, as the firft does a con (fant current of the Athmtic ocean. The ancients called it the Hefperian lea, as King W. The Scriptures call it the Grent fed, in oppulition to the Tea of Galilee. It was alfo denominated the Lower fea by the Romans, from thccoali of Genoa to that of .Sicily. It had the appella- tion of Mare Internum, on the fame account with that of Mediterranean. It has to-' pical names, as the Genoefe, Tufcan, Adria- tic, Levant, Sicilian, Lyons, Archipelago, &c. fca, or gulf h It is parted from the At- lantic or j;rcjt VVeftern ocean by the freights of Gibraltar, from the Red fca by the illh- mus of Suez, and from the Propontis by the flreights Dardanelles. It has Europe on the N. Africa on the S. Afia on the E. and the freights of Gibraltar on the W. — Its utmoft extent from N. to S. where widefl:, that is, from the gulph of Sidra in Tripoly, tu that of Venice, from 30 deg. 20 min. to 46 dcg. 40 min. upwards of 16 degrees, is above 900 miles. Its length from E. to W. or from Syria and Pale-lHne to Gibraltar, that is, from 5 deg. W. to 36 dcg. E. or long. 41 deg. upwards of 2000 miles. In the Mediterra- nean are feveral peninfulas, as Italy, Greece, and Anntolia 5 likewife illands, as Sicily, Sar- dinia, Corfica, Majorca, Minorca, Corfu, Cephalonia, Zante, Candia, Rhodes, Cyprus, thofe of the Archipelago, &c. ME'DIUM, S. [Latj any thing that in- tervenes or comes between ; the middle place or degree. In Mechanical Philofophy,. that fpace or region which a body pafles in its mo- tion towards aay point. In Arithmetic, a number equally didant from each extreaie. ME'DLER, S. [f>'cf;.k, Fr. mefpilus, Lat.] the fruit of the medler-tree, which contains five hard feeds, and is not fit for eating till it begins to decay. ME'DLEV, or ME'DLY, S. a mixture ; a confufid mafs ; a collecflion of different pieces injudicioully jo^Ued together in the fame book. ME'DLEY, Adj. mixed; confufed." Make " medley war." Dryd. MEDU'LLAR, or MEDU'LLARY, Adj. [medul/airf, f r ] belonging to, or refembling the marrow. MEKK, Adj. fw-^/Z;, md'iik, wakak, Sclav.] not eafily provoked to anger by affronts ; bearing infults without refentment. MEEK'LY, Adv. in a mild or gentle manner j in fuch a manner as to bear affronts without any refentment or anger. MEE'KNESS, S. a temper of mind not tafily provoked to refentment by injuries, but bearing afBiftions with a refigmtiori to God. MEKR. Adj. fin^ple ; Mnmix'ed. S^ Meai, Adj. MEL MEER, S. a lake or boundary. See Meere, S. MEET, Adj. proper; qualified; adapted to any ufe. To MEET, V. A. [preter 7 w^r, or ha-ve met, particip. tttctt ; from metan, Sax.] to light on J to he treated ; to clofc or touch j to find; to aiiemble in the fame place from dilfcrent parts. Neuterly, to encounter, or come face to face ; to engage ; to join. MEETER, S. one that accofls, finds acci- dentaUv, or comes up to aperfon face to face. MKE'TING, S. an aflembly ; a congrefs ; the congregation in a place of worfliip be- longing to the diflinters. MEE'TING-HOUSE, S. a place where dillenters ademblc to worlliip. MFt'TLY, Adv. in a fit or proper manner. MEE'TNESS, S. fitnefs or propriety. ME'GRIM, S. [megrahu Fr.] a difordcr of the head, attended with a fenfation of turning round. MELANCHO'LIC, A A].[f torn melancholy] difordcred or atflided with melancholy ; fan- ciful ; gloomy, or fad. ME'LANCHOLY. S [from ^sXavo?, and p^oXv, Gr.] a difeafe fuppofed to proceed from a redund-ince of black bile, but really arife& from too heavy and vifcid blood. A gloomy, penfivc temper. ME'LANCHOLY, Adj. gloomy; difmal; habitually penlive and dejected. MELi'CERIS, S. [(«£X(x«pi?, Gr.] a tu- mor inclofed in a cyltis or bag, confifting of a matter like honey, whence it derives its name. To ME'LIORATE, V. A. [meliorcr, Fr. from melior, Lat.] to make better or im- prove. MELIORATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of rendering a thing better. MELIORITY, S. [wf/;V, Lat.] the Hate of being better. MELLIFICA'TION, S. lmeinjicat„s,ivom mdi;fico, Lat.] the a<n or pradice of making honey ; produiftion of honey. MELLIFLU'ENCE, S. a Iflonied flow ; a flow of fweetnefs. MELLOW, Adj. foft w^th ripenefs ; foft in found. Fat, applied to ground. Figura- tively, drunk. To MELLOW, V. A. to ripen ; to fof- tcn by ripenefs ; to ripen by age ; to foften ; to bring to maturity or perfe(flion. Neuterly, to grow ripe. MELLOWNESS, S. the rtate of fruits made foft by ripenefs or time ; maturity i full- a^e. MELO'DIOUS, Adj. {ixommckdy'] found- ing gr.itefui to the ear ^ harmonious; mufical. MELO'DIOUSNESS, S. harmonioufnefs ; fweetnefs of found. MELODY, S. [^£X«^ia, Gr.] the agree- able cffe<ft of different mufical founds ranged, a or MEM t>r difpofed in a proper fuccefTion, and caufeJ only by one fingle part, voice or inftrument ; whence it is diftingiiifhed from harmony ; though both words are ufcd in difcourfe and writing as if they vVere fynonimous. Mufic j an agreeablenefs of found that raifes pleafure in the mind. ME'LON, S. [Fr. mtio, Lat.j a plant, which runs along the ground, and produces a fruit refembling the cucumber, but far more bulky, and more rich in tafte. To MELT, V. A. [mdtun. Sax. fmeltan, Belg.] to diflolve any folid fubftance and make it liquid, either by means of tiuids or heat i to difJblve or break in pieces. Figu- ratively, to foften to love or tendernefs. Neu- terly, to become liquiJ, or be made fluid. Figuratively, to be foftened to pity or any be- nevolent paflion ; to grow tender, mild, or gentle; to be diflblved, ME'LTER, S. one that dilTolves metals or other folid fubflances by heat. ME'LTINGLY, Adv. in a tender or af- fedlionate manner like fomething rendered foft or fluid by heat. MEMBER, S. [memire, Fr. membrum, Lat.] a limb or joint of an animal body ; a part of a difcourfe ; a head ; a claufe ; a fingle pcr- fon belonging to a fociety or community. ME'.VIBRANE, S. [Fr mendramim, Lat.] a web of feveral forts of fibres interwoven to- gether, ferving to wrap up fome parts in the fabric of aa animal. MEMBR.<VNA'CEOUS, MEMBRA'NE- OUS, or ME'MBRANOUS, Adj. [mem- hraneux, Fr.] confifling of membranes. MEMENTO, S. f Lat. remember] a hint, or notice to recal a thing into the memory. MEMO'IR, S. [»2f»;o;>^, Fr. ] an account of fome tranfadlions written in a familiar manner; a hint, notice, or account of any thing. ME'MORABLE, Adj. [Fr. memorahilh, Lat.] worthy of being remembered. MK'MOR.'\BLY, Adv. in a manner wor- thy of being remembered. MEMORA'NDUM, S. [Lat.] a note to aflifl the memory. MEMO'RIAL, Adj. [Vr.memorialh, Lat.] perferving the memory or remembrance of a thing ; contained in the memory. MEMO'RIAL, S. a monument, or fome- thing ercifled to preferve the memory of fome great perfon or a<f\ion ; a hint to affift the memory; the reprcfentation of a tranfaftion, given by way of remonflraiicc or corrjpluint from one prince, or his ambaflador, to an- other. MEMO'RIALIST, S. one who makes re- m«n(lranccs, or fets forth any particular cir- cum (lance ME'MORY, S. [memorie, Fr. fremoria, Lat.] the powerof reviving thofe ideas in our minds, which have difappeared or have been laid afide for a time ; the adtot' recolle(fting MEN things part ; the lime or period of a pcrfon's knowledge. MEN, the plural of Mi;n. MEN-PLEASER, S. one that fervilely en- deavours to pleafe mankind, and at the fame time is negligent of religious offices. To MENACE, V. A. [mcn^cer, Fr.] to threaten. MENA'CE,S.athreat,or pofitiveaiFurance of mifchief on certain conditions. MENA'CER, S. one who threatens or de- nounces mifchief to another. MKNAGE, S. [Fr. pronounced wrw^w^^l a coUedion of animals. " The largeft menage " that I met with." y^ddif. MENA'GERIE, or MENAGRY, S. [menagerie, Fr.] a place where wild hearts or animals a- e kept. To MEND, V. A. [emendo, Lat.] to re- pair or make good any breach or decay ; to corrtd or alter for the better ; to help or ad- vance ; to improve or incrcafe. Neuterlv, to grow better, to be changed for the better. ME'NDER, S. one that repairs breaches or decays j one that alters or correds for the better. ME'NDICANT, Adj. [mendkans, Lat.] begging. ME'NDICANT, S. \mendk,nt, Fr.] a beggar ; one of a religious fociety that fubfirts by alms acquired by begging. ME'NIAL, Adj. [Vrom mc'wy or r?ar.y, men]. Sax. mefn'ie, old Fr.] belonging to the retinue or number of fervants ; of a low or hafe employ. " The moft menial fervants." Sivift. M E'NSTRUAL, Adj. [Fr. mcnjlnms, Lat.] monthly ; happening every month ; lafling a month ; belonging to a mcnflvuiim ; from m.nfiructix, Fr. ME'NSTRUOUS. Adj. [mcvjlruus, Lat.] having a monthly flux. ME'NSTRUtlM.S.aliquorufedtodTlolvc any thing, or to extracfl the virtues of any ini^icdients by infufion or boiling. MENSURABI'LITY, S. [menfurahinn', Fr.] capacity of being meafurcd. ME'NSURABLE, Adj. [from v.cnfi.ru, Lat.] capable of being meafured. MENSURAL, Adj. [ivommcnfura, Lat.] relating to meafurc. To ME'NSURATE, V. A. to meafurc or take the dimcnfions of any thing. MF:NSURA'TI0N, S. the aa or praaice of mcafuring ; the dimenfions or quantity found out by means of a meafure. ME'NTAL, Adj. [mentalc, Fr. ] exifllng inthemind; belonging to themind ; internal. ME'N TALLY, Adv. in the mind j in thought and meditation. MI-.'NTION, S. [¥\-.n:cntio, Lat.] a hint j an fixpreffion in writing or fpeaking ; a reci- tal of a thing. To ME'NTION, V. A. [mentionner, Fr.] to cxf refs in words or writing. Sfz MEPHI- M E R MEnil'TICAL, AJj. [mijyUtn, Lm.] ill- f-ivoLucd ; (Unking ; poifoiious, " Mft>bi- *' Cay;/ exhalations." ^ibifcy. MR'RCANTANT, ''i.'[mcrcar.far.re, Itul.] a f jrcivjntr, or foreign iraJer. " A nurcan- *' r,:r:r, or clic a pcJ mt," S/.-'ai. MK'RCANriLK, Adj. [mcmr, Lat.l l)clonc;in g to truJc j belonging co a mciclunt j conia5cici.il. M;'RC:NAR1>^KSS, S. [from mercenary] a losv and (brdiJ n:lpe(ft to gain or lucre. Mli'RCKNARY, Adj. [.Koafi.ii c, Fr. nicrcinjrius, Lat. ] asfling only for hire, or from a low and fordid profpci'^ ojf gain ; hired ; fold for money. MI-:RCKN'ARY, S. [)«mc»w;-T,Fr.] a hire- ling ; one rct:;iiu-d or fcrvingfor pay. ME'1<.CKK , S. [w.rdL-r, ir'r.j one '.-.ho fc'.h filks and Hurts. MF.'RCKRY, S. rwtVTm.', Fr.] the trade of ll-llini; lilks and (li.fTs. MURX:iiA\'l)I.SK, .S. [mcrchamnjc, Fr ] trallic, commuce, or trade ; waies j any tiling bou"lit or ibid. To ME'RCHANDISE:, V. N. to trade or (raOTK-. MK'RCHANT, S. \mcrchand, Fr.] one who trades with p^rfons in foreign countries. MK'llCHANT-MAN, S. a trading Ihip. MK'RCHANTABLE, Adj. fit or likely to be bought or fold. MF.'RCIFL'L, Adj. [from mcr^y and/v//] vvil'iin^j to pity, iparc, or pardon an oifence, or oli'ender; unwil.iiig to punilh. ME'RCIFULLY, Adv. with pliy, or an inclination to (pare an oHLnder. Mt'RCIFULNKSS, S. the cjuality of pi- tjiiisj I'r fparing offenders. IVU:'RCILRSS, Adj. with patTi )n ; cruel ^ ievere. ME'RClLK.'iSLV, Adv. in Aich a man- ner as neither to pity nor iparean oikndcr. MF'RCILKSSNFSS, S. tiie quality of nu nilhing without pity (>r pardon. ?.ltRCL'RIAL, Adj. [;;;<7v«/-w.'/.s Lat.] formed under tiie inHiienee of Meieury ; ac- lout p'.ty or com- M E R ME'RCY, S, [fierci, Fr. contra<f>cd from mij'ericoriiia , Lat.] the a>fl of palling by crimes without punifhing them ; unx^^illingni Is to punilh ; the art of pitying and pardoning of- fenders ; pardon. MERF, Adj. [n.crus, Lat.] entire ; only ; e.KcUilive of all other perfms or things ; limple. MFRE, or IMFR, whether in the begin- ning, middle, or end of the names of plices, is dtrivcd from /ncrf. Sax. a pool or lake. 1\IFRK, [Sax. J a large pool or lake. MF'RELY, Adv. finiply ; only ; barely; excluhvc of any other way, defign, or pur- pofe. M KR ETR I'CrOUS, Adj. [meretyhhn,Uit.\ ufed by, or belonging to harlots j fedueing or alluring by talle lliew. MKKETRI'CIOL'SLY, Adv. after the manner of a harot j with falfe allurements. MERETRl'CIOUSNESS, S. the quaHty of uling falle allurements, like thofc of harlots. MERl'DLAN, S. fa.'eiUkH, Fr. mcrlJJf.', Lat.] noon, or mid-day. In Geography, a line drawn from north to fouth, which the fun croiles at noon. Figuratively, the par- ticular (hue or place of a thing j the highell point of glory of power. Applied to an arti- ficial globe, the brazen circle, in which the globe hangs and turns. ]\IERl'bIA^f, Adj. at the point of noon j fouthern, or extended to the north and fouth. Figuratively, raifcd to the highelt point. MERI'DIONAL, Adj. [Fr.] fouthern; fuuated towards the fouth ; looking towards the fouth. MERIDIONA'LITY, S. fitu.itccl in the fouth ; pofition of a place, fo us to look to- wards the fouth. MERIDIONA'LLY, Adv. with a fouthern afpea. AIERI'ONYTHSHIRE, S in Welch .Sir rcu\'jn\(til, a C'.unty of North Wales. It i.*- bounded on the S. !)y Caidiganlhire, from which ir is parted by the river Dovy or Dytfi ; live ; i'prightly; vol.itile. In Medicine, con- Ion the E. by Montgomeiylliire and Dcnbigli- fiUing of quick hlver or mrrcury. | Ihire j on the N. by Caernarvonlhire and MIVRCLRIFICATION, S. the aft of, part of Cenbighlhire ; and has the Irilh fea mixing or incorporating with quick-lilver. on the W. for a length of thirty-five mile? : Ml'RCURY, S. \Me'cur'ius, Lat.] in its breadth is thirty. It is entirely moun- Mvthologv, a deity held to be the mefltnger Itainous ; but abounds with flieep, black cat- of the other gods, to prefide over eloquence | tie, fifl), goats, and game. 1 he inhabi- anJ trade, to be the inventor ofmulic, the interpreter of the will of the other deities, and the fon of Jupiter by IM.ua. In Che- niillry, quick-Illver. In Heraldry, a purple cohnvr. In Agronomy, the leafl and lowelt of the planets next the moon ; its mean mo- tion is ^9 minutes eight feconds ; but fome- tinies it is i'o I'vuf- as to go a whole degree and 40 minutoin a day. In Botany, a plant. Fi"urativi.lv, (piighiliuel^, applied to the mind. A carrier of news-papers : the Lift fenfe is low, and mere caut. tants apply themfelves wholly to grazing, and live on butter, cheefe, ^c. 'i he principal rivers here are the Tovy, Avon, Drwrydh, and Dee. The lake Lhyn-tigid or Pimble- mere, in this county, covers 160 acres of ground : through it runs the Dee, which, though communicating their waters, do not comnumicate their filh. 'I he herbs on the mountains here, and the hfh in the lakes, are much the fame with tliofe of the Alps. A- mong innuiwerable peaks here, are the famous Kadcr-idricks, Karaviur, Glvdcr and Mowy wjnJa. M E S MET K*-ynJa. It lies in the diocefe of Bangor, anil | To MESH, V. A. to catch in a ner ; to fends no members to parli;iment, l)iit the enfnare. " The flies by tkance ».{/I^: in the knight of the Ihire. Near Harleigh, inthis'air." Drayton county, was a llrangc livid fire from the (ea, or fiery exhalation, which in 1694 burnt hay- ricks, &c. ME'RIT, S. Immte, Fr. meritum, Lat.] defert ; excellence ; deferving honour or re- wiird. To ME'RIT, V A. [m^nur, Fr.] to Jeferve ; to have a rij^ht to claim fomewhat on account of one's excellencies ; to earn. MERITO'RIOUS, Adi. [mcntoirc, Fr.] deferving reward ; of great dcfert. MERITO'RIOUSLY,AJv. in fuch a man- ner as to deferve reward. MERITO'RIOUSNESS, S. the quality of a thing, aftion, or ptrfon, whicli gives them a right to approbation and reward. ME'RMAID, S. [iTom mcr, the fea, and maid] a fca-monflev, fuppofed to have a wo- man's face and fnapc, but a filh's tail. ME'RRILY, Adv. [fiom n.:nj} in a gay, joyous, or miiihful manner. MERR[MAKE, S. a fcftival j a meet ing to be joyous. To MhRRIMAKE, V. A. to fead ; to be jovial or merry. Mt'RRIMENT, S. m-rth ; gaiety ; fport that cauf s laughter} laughter. ME'RRINKSS, S. the quality of being cheerful, or promotirg mirth among others. MERRY, Adj. [!!:ir:g, Sax. mera, Ital.] full of mirth, joy, and laughter ; cauling laughter ; profperous, or maJiing cheerful. " A mi'riy gale." Dr-;<{. To make nicny, to junket, drink, and give a loofe to laughter and joy with a friend. ME'RRY-ANi3REW, S. a huroon, or perfon who endeavours to raife laughter in others by odd geflures and comical exprcf- fions. ME'RRY-THOUGHT, S. a forked hone on the upper part ot the bread of towls, fw called bccaulc pulled on each lide l)y young perfons, from a tradition.iry opinion, ih it the perfon who has the longelt fide, fli..ll be married firfV. ME'SHY, Adj. made of net work. IME'SLIN, S. [from rr:rfier, Fr.] mixed corn, confining of wheat and rye. MESS, S. [mes, old Fr. Kel]h,\u\. nyj'f. Sax.] a dilli ; a quantity of food fent to table at once. To MESS, V. A. to eat or feed. ME'SSACtE, S. [Vv.wfjhggio, Ital] an errand J any '.hing told to linother to be rela- ted to a third perfon. ME'SSENCiER, S. [mc(f.!gcr, Fr. rr.efa- giere, Ital.] one who is fcnt on an errand ; one who is fent to a third perffon ; a pcrtcn paid by the government to carry difpatcbcs relating to atlairs of flate, and is likewife em- ployed by the fecret.triesw avrantsto apprehend and keep in cufh.idy perfons fufpi/tcd of high treafon ; a forerunner or harbinger. MESSIAH, S. [Heb. anointed] the title given by way of eminence to our Saviour, meaning the fame in Hebrew as Chrill in the Crreek, and alludes to the authority he had to adumc the chaia(ftcrs of king, pvicft, pro- phet, and that of Saviour of the world. ME'SSll.URS, S. [plural of r;5?7/.'fwr,Fr.] firs, or gentlemen. ME'SSMATE, .S. one who e.its at the fame table with ano'her. ME'SSUACiE, S. [mrjfi/cgh.m, Lat,] in Law, a dwelling- houfe, with lands udjoinijig. MET, Participle u{ M.et. METACA'UPUS, S. [from t^(ra, and xao7r;c, Gr.] in Anatomy, the wrill, or that put Ijchind the hand and the fingers. METACA'RPAL, Adj. bclo'uging to the metacarpus. ME'TAL, S. [Fr. ;;.ir^7///iOT, Lat.]a firm, heavy, opake, and hard fublhmce, fulible by fire, when cold growing folid again, malleable under the hammer, and of a bright, glofly, glittering fubflancewhen newly cut or !)roken. Figuratively, courage or fpirit. In the la(t fenfe more properly written vuttle, which fee; META'LLIC, or MET.VLLICAL, Adj. [v'ttii/li^ii,', Fr.] partaking, confilHng of, or MESERA'IC, Adj, [wi/irnj;^;/^ Fr.] be- containing metal ; made of metal longing to the mefentery ME'RSION, S. [p^erfio, Lat.] the aa of fmking or pkuv^ing over head. MhSE'NTKRlC Adj. [mcfcutcrijur, Fr.] belonging to the mefentery. MESpyNTERY, S. \t;i.fa!t.rr, Fr. from fxi^iv, and iMTi^-jv, Gr.] in Anatomy, a fat membrane placed in the middle of the abdo- men, almolt of a circular figure, wi'h a nar- row production, to which the end of the colon and beginning of the rc(fluni are tied : the inteilines arc taltencd like a border on its circumference. MESH, S. {mc:efdM; Bclg. tr.ache, old Fr.] the fpace or inteiliice between the tlumds of a act. Sec viajh. ME'TALLINE, Adj. impregnated with, or c()ntaining metal ; conlilling or made of metal, ME'TALLIST, S. a worker in metals ; a pcrfim (kilhd in metals. META'LLURGIST, S. [w.ym/A/?;:, Lat, and ff>5v, Gr.] u worker in metals. META'LLl'RGV, .S. ( See Mm////';?-//?] the aff of working nutals, and fcparating them from their ores. To META-MCVRPHOSI"., Adj. [metomot- fhoj'er, I r. I'rom fxira/AO^^ou:, Cir. j to ch.inge the form or (hape of any thing ; to change into a diflerent fliapc or animal. METAMO'R Pilosis, S. [,uETt|U0{4 a'ric, Gr.] change ul Ihape ; the change m animal S f 3 under- MET undergoes both in its formation and growth ; the various Ihapes feme infed^s aiTume in the different flagcs of their exiflence, as the filk- worm, &c. ME'TAPHOR, S. [mitaphore, Fr.] in Rhetoric, a fimile comprized in one word. The fpring aiuakes tlie flowers, /". e. the fpring Calls the power of vegetation to adlion, as the powers of a fleeping animal are excited by awatcening him. METAPHO'RIC, or METAPHO'RI- CAL, Adj. [mstaphorijue, Fr.] belonging to a metaphor. Figuratively, not according to the primary and literal fenfe. METAPHRASE, S. f^xBTa^paa-K, Gr.J a clofe and venbal tranflation from one lan- guage into another. P,IET.\'PHRAST, S. [metibhrafie, Fr.] one who trail Hates literally, or word for word, out of one language into anotiicr. METAPin'SlC, or ME lAPHYSI'CAL, Adj. verfcd in metapliylics ; abflrafted. METAPHY'SICS, S. [majphyfique, Fr /rom /xiia, vmA '^uTixn, Gr.J ontology, or the fcience which treats of being in the ab- flraft, or withouc being lonfmed to any fpccies. Some extend this word to compre- hend the fcience of immaterial beings, which is Y<xovtx\'^ pneumatics. Mf.'TAPLASM, S. \i\om ixila, and ■R-xas-iTi', Gr.j in Grammar, the changing or traiifpofing a letter or fyllable in a word. In Rhetoric, the placing of word-;, fyllables, or letters, contrary to the natural order. METATA'RSAL, Adj. [iroiw ■mitat^rjui, Lat.l belonging lo the Mctatarjui. METATA'RSUS, S. [Gr. beyond ihztar- fui\ in Anatomy, that part of a human flie- leton which confifls of five bones, and teaches from the heel to the tucs, containing the middle of the foot. METATKE'SIS, S. TGr.] in Grammar, the iranfpofition of the letters or fyllables of a word, as e-var.dre for e-vandcr. To METE, V. A. [.w.vor, Lat. metan. Sax. ) to meafare ; to reduce to meafnre. METEMPSiXHO'SIS, S. [from fxtTo., and (ii/.\-jyj>: , Gr.] the tranfmigration of fouls after death to other bodies. ME'ThOR, S. {fxit-oifo., Gr.l a mixt, changeable, moveable, and imperfe<ft body, appearing in the atn-.ofphcre, formed out oi \\^tt common elements by the a<flion of the he.vcniy bodies. Ign\us w.t/twi confifl of fat fulphureous fmoke fet on fire ; fuch are lightening, thunder, falling ftars, fcfc. Ao'tal or airy nwfcors, confift of air and fpirituous exhalations ; fuch are winds, &c. Aquious or loatery mete rs arc conipofcd of vapours, or watery particles coiidcnfed by cold or heat j fuch are cloud«, rainbows, hail, (how, &c. ' METEOROLO'GICAL, A dj . | from ;;;f - U-'olo-yy |belongingto thedoilrineof meteors. MEIEOaO'UjGIS T, S. a perfon Ikilled JH the nature and caufes of meteors. MET METEORO'LOGY, S. f.afltajpa, anj \iytii, Gr.] the dcsdtrine of meteors ; a dif- courfe treating of the caufe and nature of meteors. ME'TER, S. a meafurer. ME'THEGLIN, S. [mcMg/Iyn, or meJdig- !yn, Brit.] a drink -made of honey boiled in water, to which are added ginger, cloves ancj rnace : after which it is fermented with yealV, and bottled. METHINKS, V. Imperf. [compounded of }Ke and thinks'] I think, imagine, or fuppofe. METHOD, S. [mcth^de, Fr, from ^£- floJoj, Gr.] the placing of feveral things or ideas, or performing feveral operations in Inch an order, as is mofl: convenient and pro- per to attain fome end ; the^manner in which a thing is done. METHO'DICAL, Adj. [mcthcditjue, Fr, ranged or placed in proper and jnfl; order ; performing things in a regular and orderly manner. METHO'DICALLY, Adv. in a manner confident wich regularity and order. lo ME'THODIZE, V. A. to regulate, or difpofe in jufl and pioper order. ME'TJ'IODIST, S. a phyfieian who pre- fcribes from theoiy. " Our warieft phyfi- " cians, not only chemilts, but mcthcdijis.^' Bayle. A new fcft of religious, which arofd about 1738, fo called f 10 m their affe^lation of being more flricft obi'ervers of rule, and pretending to greater lights than the regular clergy. Sf e Gihjcn, Bp. of London's fourth Pajloral Letter. M' THO'UGHT, V. Imp. [the prefer of methinks] J thought or imagined ; it appeared or fepmcd to me. METONV'MICAL, Adj. [irom metoryT wy] ufed, by metonymy, for fome other word or fenfe. METONY'MICALLY, Adv. after the manner of metonymy. ME TONY'.MY, S. {metonymie, Fr. from /txETa, and ovo^a, Gr.] in Rhetoric, a figure, wherein a word is ufed inftead of another, as the effecfl for the caufe ; the thing containing for the Kh\ngcoi.:e>ined, &c. thus we fay, the hettle boils, for the water contained in the kettle. ME'TER, S. [fxir^'v, Fr. metrum^'Lzt.] a col!eflion of words difpofed in lines con- filling of a certain number of fyllables, fo as to appear harmonious to the ear j meafure ; vcrft, ME'TRICAL, Adj. [nietricus, Lat. me- trique, Fr.j confined to metre; meafured or limited to a certain number ef fyllables. METRO'POLIS, S. [Lat. rnctrcpole, Fr. from fMTts, and ttoXij, Gr ] the mother city ; • or chief city of any country. METRpPO'LlTAN, S. [metropolkanus, Lat. I a billiop of a mother church, or of the chief church in the thief city ; an aichbifhop. METROro'LITAN, Adj. belonging to. M I D «r fituated in the metropolis. METROPOLI'TICAL, Adj. belonging tolhechief city. " Afet>oj.>clit!Ci7/c\ty."Ra/tii^b. ME'TTLE, S. [corrupted from man?!, but not without reafon written thus, when ufed ^n a nietaphoriciil fenfej fpiric j iprightlinefs j Courage. ME'TTLED, Adj. fprightly; courageous; full of fpirits or fire. METTLESOME, Adj. fprightly; lively; gay ; courageous ; full of fpirits : fiery. " A *' met tiefome horCc." Tatlcr. No. 6 1. ME'TTLESOATELY, Adv. with fpright- linefs ; vigour ; ardour, or courage. MEW, S. [w.vf, Fr.j a cage j an inclo- fure ; a place wherein anything is confined. To MEW, V. A. to inclofe in a cage ; to (hut up J to confine, or imprifon ; to llied the feathers ; from mue, of mucr, Fr. to moult. To make a Hoife like a cat j from tniaukr, Fr. MEWS, S. a prince's or nobleman's flables. MEZZOTl'NTO, S. [Ital. half painting] a kind of graving upon copper, invented by prince Rupert, which rirocivts its name from refembling painting, and is performed by marking ihe plate in furrows or crofs lines ; after whicii they are rubbed down, with a burriQier or fcraper, according to the depth or lightnefs of the (hades reijuircd. MIA'SM, S. f from fxiuivu), Gr.] particles or atoms, fuppofed to arife from dirtempered pel Tons, and to infect others with the fame Iliforders at a diflance. MICE, the plural of Monfe. MI'CHAELMAS, S. [fiom Michad and mas, a feflivalj the fedival of the archangel Michael, celebrated on the 29th of Sep- tember. MI'CHER, S. [from mkhe] a lazy loiterer, who (kulks about in corners and bye-places out of fight. " Shall the ble(rcd fun of hea- " ven prove a michcr.^'' Shak. MICRO'COSM, S. [from /uix^o;, and xoj/xo;, Gr.] the little world. RTan, fo call- ed by fome fanciful philofophers. MICROGRA'PIiY, S. [from /..cixpo;, and j,px4>tt), Gr.] the defcription of tlie parts of juch objects as arc vilible only by means of a microfcope. MICRO'METER, S. [from [x-.Kfo;, and fxiTpcf, Gr. J an agronomical inftrun)ent, which by mean? of a very fine fcrcw, ferves to meafurc extremely fmall diftanccs in the heavens. MI'CROSCOPF, S. [from fMxpo;, and rx57r£(u, Gr.) a dioptrical inlhumcnt, by which very fhiall objects are magnified or (hewn very large. MID, Adj. [contra(ned from m'uldlc \ of m'uiJle, Sdx.J middle; e4ually between or diftant from two OLtremes. M I'D- DAY, S. noon. MIDDLE, Adj. [midcM, Sax.] in the centre j eijually diltant from the two extremes. M I D Moderate, applied to the qualities of the rnind, or (tation. MIDDLE, S. the centre, or part equally didant from two extremes j any thing be- tween two extremes. ]\II'DDLF:-AGED, Adj. of a moderate age ; arrived to an equal didance between childhood and old age. MI'DDLF:M0ST, Adj. [akindoffuper- lative oi }KiJdL\ formed by adding nwj}'\ mod near to the middle or center. MI'DOLESEX, S. fo called from its hav- ing been the hal)itation of tlie Mid-Saxons, or as Is ing in the middle of the three king- doms of the eaft, welt, and Ibnth Saxons, it is a county of England, in which London, its great capital, (lands, being bounded by HartfordOiire on the N. by the river Lee, which divides it from Eflex on the E. by the Thames, which feparates it from Surry on the S. and by the Coin, which parts it from Buckingham [hire on the W. It is about twenty-fix miles long, and fifteen broad, Befides London it contains the city of Weft- minller, with their fpacious fuburbs, and the great villages of Hnckncy, Higligate, Hampliead, C^c. It includes feventy-three parilhes, befides chapels of eafe, and five market, towns, excluhve of the two cities a- bove-mentioned ; all under thejurifdi(?^ion of the bilhop of London, (bme tew peculiars excepted. Middlefex gives title of earl to the duke of Dorfet. 1 he flieriffs of London and Middlefex are chofcn ])y the liverymen of the former city. Here are the royal parks of St. James's and Hyde-park, two at Hampton- court, two at Enfield, or chaces, and former- ly was one at Twickenham, which has been difparktd. Middlefex, including London and Wellminder, pays more taxes thaij any ttn counties. Ml'DDLING, Adj. [mhUen, ."^ax.] of the middle rank ; of moderate fize ; having mo- derate qualities. MIDGE, S. [mycge, myig;:c. Sax.] a gnat. MI'DLAND, Adj. remote, or at a dilbnce from the fea coiifl.t; in the midft of the land. '' The midland fea." Dryd. Ml'DNlGHT, S. [n:igviht. Sax. v.'.tr.acht, P.clg.] the depth of nigiit ; twelve at ni^ht. Mi'DR I Ff , [widhrifi, Sax.] thediaphra^m. MID-SEA, the Mediterranean fea. "The " m:d-fea mecrs." Dryd. MI'DSHIPMAN, S. a fort of under offi- cer on board a Ihip, whofe (btion i.'; on the quarter deck ; his bufinefs is to mind the br.iccs, lookout, give the word oF command from the captain and fuperior otlicers, and alTilton all occafions in failing the Ihip, and rumaging the hold. MlDSr, S. the middle. MIDST, Adj. [Johiilon fays, it is con- tra(fled from tniddtj!, the fupcrlative of »/;'«/] midmo(t ; fituated in the middle, or ucardt to the center. S f 4 Ml'D- M I L r.n'DSTRKAM, S. the mljok of ihe! ftieani. I MI'DSUMMRR, S. [p:yfur::r,Six.']t.ht fiimmerlblrtice, generally reckor.cil to fall on tiic 24th of June 3 the fefHval of St. John ih;; Bajnilt Ml' O WAY, S. that part of a way which lies between, or is equally diltant from the beginning and ending. MIDWAY, Adv. in the middle of the way. MI'DWIFF, S. a woman who delivers women in childbed. Ml'DWlFRY, S. afn (lance given in child- birth j the aO. of production ; help in pro- diicino ; riie trade of a midwife. M 1 L MILIAR V, Adj. [miirium, Lat. nrlMre, Fr.Jl'mall j rcdmbling a millet feed. Mdljiy glai:ds, are fmall glands interfperfcd through- out I he fkin, interwoven with its pyramidal papilla;, and are the organs by which the mat- ter of f>\eat, and inftiWibie perfpiration is fe- cretsd from the blood. MU'iary fei;cr in Me- dicine, is a maligndHt fever, receiving its n.ime from the Ikin's being then fprinkltd all over with little purple fpots, rel'cmbling grains of millet feed. MI'LITANT, Adj. {r-Mtar.te^ Fr. mWi- tans, Lat.] fighting, or a(ft:ing in the cha- racter of a foldicr. In Divinity, engaged in warf.ire with hell and the world, applied to the church of Chrid on earth, as oppofcd to Ml'UWlNTER, S. [Sax] the winter j that which is triumphant in heaven. follHce, or depth of winter, reckoned to fall on the iiil ot of December. MltN, S. [»;;«<., I'r.J air ; look ; man- ner. MIGHT, the prefer of TIfiij. MIGHT, S. yiK-btc, jna-go:, i>:abtc,'i>i-x.?[ power ; (Irengtli j force. MrCiHTILY, Adv. with great power ; pO'verfully ; with effcacy ; violently ; vigo- roully ; in a great degree. Mi'GHTINRSS, S. \_wightlncj';. Sax.] the quality of pollillingorexerciling power, great- nel's, or digntiy ; a title given to princes, but pcciiharly applied to the Ibtes of Holland. Ml'GHT'Y , Adj. [Klhilg, Sax ] powerful ; ftron<j 5 excellent, or powerful in any a.(\. Mi'GHrY, Adv. in a great degree. '' AligL-ty though :tul " Frhr. Not to be ufed but in low language. MI'Cj RATION', S. 7!i]grat'o, f'com tr':gro, Lat.] the a£\ of ch.inging places or abode. MILCH, Adj. [r:-Uh, I eut.] giving milk. TvIILD, Adj. \mild,'b.x%.] kind; tender; in- ilulgent 5 comp.iIIJonate ; not eafily provoked to anger ; gentle ; \o'^ of acrimony ; free from (harpnel's or acidity. MI'LDFV.', S. \nnUcjiv, Sax. mfl'xiv. Ml'LITARY, Adv. [mUitah-e, Fr. nuli- tiiin, Lat.] profcfled or engaged in the life of a foldicr ; belonging to the army j becoming a foldier ; warlike. MILI'TIA, S. [Lat. from w.'ss, Lat.] the [landing force of a nation ; the inhabitants of a country trained to arms, and afling in their own defer ce. The railing the militia of this kingdom, teachi.ng them tlie ufe of arms, rendering them both expert in their evolu- tions and exercife, and formidable to fo- reigner?, though for (bmc years looked on as a chimtia, was, by the fagacity and prudence of the admini(lratii)n, in the year 1760 ef- fc(f\ed, and thereby favcd the nation from its ufual burthen in employing mercenaries a- broad, or from fears ot being over-run by an invalion at home. MILK, S. [n.ih\t!ro.'r, a-io/or, Mfo'ur, Sax.] a white juice, liquor, or humour, prepared by the Deity in tlie breads of women, and dugs of beads, for the nouri!l;ment of their young ; any white fluid or liauor refembling milk ; an emulfion made by almonds blanch- ed, and bruifed in a mortar. " Almond " milk." Bac. To- MILK, V. A. [meoLian, Sax.] to Teut.J adifeafe that happens to plants, caufcd j draw milk from the teats ot a bead, or the by a dewy moilhne falhng upon thtm, continuing for w\iy\X of the fun's heat to draw it up ; Ipors made in linen, metals, ISc, i)y ' the dampnefs ot the air. To MILDEW, V. A. to fpot or infcft vith mildt-w. Ml'LDLY, Adv. with tendcrnefs and gen- tli net's. MI'LDNFSS, S. gentlencfs, tcnderners, or o'emenev, applied 10 perinns. Softnei's or meliownefs, applied to tade. MILK, S. t>;'X. mtil, Tci't ml!.', Fr] a rnn^mnn m alurc of rouls in F.nglahd, con- tairiinc 17*^0 yards, or szSe feet. MI'IJ-.S Tt^NK, S. J done fct up on the breads of a woman, with the hand ; to give luck. " How tender 'tis to love the babe '• that wV.h^ me." iihak. MlLKKN.Adj. conliding of milk. "A " riilkei: iLiel." 'IcnipU: MI'LKER, S. one that draws milk from animals. Ml'LKIXF.SS, S. the quality of a thing in which ii refembles milk. MIVK-LIVHRED, Adj. cowardly or ti- morous. " Milk-li%-er(l man." Shak. Ml LK-MAL;, S. a woman employed in milkinc cattle. Ml'LK TAIL, S. a vefTcl into which cat- tle are milked. Ml'LK-FOTTAGF, S. a kind of food ilk with water and oat- roaJ, 111 irkco with the number of miles from any c'liet to«n. I ^is cuitom, fo pleafing to 1 mnde by boilinj^ travellers, and To uoivcrfally pradtifed in this ! meal. illaiid^ is boiruued hum th« ancient Ro-I MI'LK-SOP, S. a foft, cfTcminate, or ti- rnaiis. morous perfon. MI'LK- M I L MI'LK-TOOTH, S. the foretooth of a colt vvhiclp appears when it is thv-e months old, and uliich it cafts in about two years and a half afterwards, in the fame manner as they appear. MI'LK WHITE, Adj. white as milk. MILK- WOMAN, S. a woman who fells milk. MILKY, Adj. made of or refemblin;; milk ; yielding milk. Fip^iiratively, foft 5 gen- tle ; timorous. " A famt and milky heart." Slak. MI'LKY-WAY, S. [in Lat. -via lafJea] thegalaxv, or broad white path encompaffing the whole heavens extending itfelf in fomc places with a double path, but in others with a lingle one : it hath been dileovered, by the affiltance of telcfcopes, tocordfl of an innu- merable quantify of fixed liars, from the union or confufion of whofe light, its white- ncfs is fuppofed to be produced. MILL, S. [melii;, Brit, rnyln^ Sax.] an engine or machine, in which corn or any other fub([ance is ground ; any machine, whofe a<rtion depends on a circular motion ; or a machine which, lieing put in motion, gives a violent imprelTion on things. To MILL, V. A. to divide into fmall particles ; to grind or divide into fmA\ parti- cles in a mill j to beat up or make chocolate froth, by putting its particles into a circular motion, with a (tick rubbed i)etween the hands ; to fu'I, fcour, aud clcanfe woollen fluffs, in a mill. In coinage, to (lamp the rim of money, to prevent clipping it. Ml'LL-( 6G, S. the teeth on the edges of the wheels, belonging to a mill, by means of which they lock into each other. MI'LLDAM, S. the mound, or bank by which water is kept up to a proper height for working a mill. MILLF.MA'RIAN, S. [from miUcranum, Lat.] one who believes or experts the tnilUn- fiinm. MI'LLENARY. Adj. [mi!ler:ar!e, Fr. ml/- lemiriris. Lat. J confiftino of a thoufand. Ml'LLKNI.ST, S. |Vromro;7Ar, Lat.]one that holds the millenium. MILLt'NNIUM, .S. Lat. from mll/c and ant:us, Lat. J in Diviriiy, thejfpace of a thou- fand years, which the lightcous. as fuppofed by fome, ihall pafs with Chrilt upon earth, ai his fecoTid earning. MILLK'NNIAL, Adj. belonging to the millennium. Ml'LLKR, .S. one who looks after a mill. TV'l'LLKR's-'lHLMB, .S. a fmall filh found in brocks, cillcd likeuife the /W/-/fdJ. Ml'LLET, .S. [;;;;.//;//;.•;, Lat.] a plant, brought eriginally from the cad, which pro- duces a very fmall grain, much ufed in pud dings. Ml'I. LINER, S. one who fells ribbands, cups, and other coverings belonging to a wo- jiian's drcs. M I L MI'LLTNERY, Adj. belonging to or fold by a milliner. Uled fubllantively, for good.? or dicfi fold by a milliner. MI'LLION, S. [Fr. mWiogre, Ital.] the number of an liundred myriads, or ten hun- dred thoudind. Trovcrbially, any yery great number. Ml'LLIOMTH, Adj. the ten hundredth thoufjndth, Ml'LL-REE, S. [Port ] aPortuguefegoiJ coin, fo called from its confilHng of a thoufand rees, and is in value fix Ihillings aerling. Ml'LL-STONE, S. [mykr^-flav. Sax.] the flone of a mill by which corn is ground. M'lLL-TEETH, S in Anatomy, the teeth called the grinders, double teeth, or denies n:ohires. MILT. S. [n.lU, Sax. m}!dt, Belg."} in Natural Hiflory, the foft roe in filh, )o called, becaufe it yields a white or milky juice when preded. MI'LTER, S. the male or he of any filh. MI'LTON, (John) was defcended of an ancient family of that name at Milton, near Abingdon, in Oxfordfiiire : his father was a fcrivener, and lived at tl-.e Spread Eagle in Rread-ftreet, London, where our author was born on the 9th of September, i6c8. He was educated at St. Paul's fchool under Mr. Alex. Gill ; where he was not lefs remarkable for the progrefs he made, th^n his indefatigable application to learning ; it being common for him even in his 12th H'ar. to fit up half the nightatliis lUidies. He wasentered at Chrifl's colledge Cambridge, in 1621;, and taking his mafter's degree in 16^2, he quitted the uni- verfity. On the death of his mother, he ftt out on his travels in 163!?, vifited HugoGro- ti'js at Palis, and made the tour of Florence, Vienna. Rome, and Naples. The civil wars breaking out in F'ngland, it prevented hisgo- ing farther, and oecafioned his return. What part he acfed in the rebellion is too wcil known to require a particular detail. To pafs over other anions of this author's life we (hall only hint, thut it feems not entirely iu(lifial)lc, with refpe<rt to his treatment of his wife, for Having a little longer than (he promiied on a vilit at her fathcr'.s. W\sFa- '■ad'ife Lift, which is dcfervedly cllemeed the glotyoftlie Englifh nation, may be rcfem- tiled to the fun, wliich has likcwifi; its fpots. Hut it is matter of finpri/,e, th.it a pcrfon en- gaged in artual rebellion againfl his fovcreign, and emploving his pen in vindicating his murder, fliculd be almofl at the fame time cng:igcd in a work which defcribes the horrid confequencesof a rebellion amongihc fpiiitn- al orders, and feems to be tliC grand objcdthe had in view, in writing his Piir.idiji- LcJ}. The beauties of this piece for fublimity of thouoht, fertiliiv of invention, chaflencis of language, and bcalililuluels of images, has at M I N « prerent no parrellel ; but at the fame' time it niuft be owned it bears the ftamp of human frailty, and has likewifc fome glaring errors ; but had the auihor's political life and principles !)ecn as unexceptionable as this performance, who would not have wilhed to have lived, as well as to write like him ? MIMF>, S. [mime, Fr. mimus, Lat. /^ty,oi, Gr.] abutfoon, who by mimicking the action or manner of lome other perfon, endeavours to create mirth. To MIMF:, V. A. to mimic the jrcdures or manners of another fo as to caule bushier. MJ'MER, S. a mimic; a butfoon. Ml'MlC, Adj. [mmicus, Lat.] imitating or copying the ac'tions of a perfon fo as to render them ridiculous, and to excite laughter. MIMIC, S. a perfon who imitates the aiTlicMTS or manner of another fo as to excite Lughter. Figuratively, a mean and fervile imitator. To MI'MlC, V. A. to imitate theaftions of another foas to make them ridiculous, and to excite hiughter; to imitate. MI'MICaL, Adj. imitative ; copying like a mimic. Ml'TvlICALLY, Adv. after the manner of a mimic; in imitation. MI'MICRY, S. the quality or art of af- fiiming theair, looks, manner or exprcflion, and a<ftion.s of another. MI'NATORY, Adj. containing threats. To MINCK, V. A. [from mincer; oi mince] Fr.] to cut into very fmall bits or pieces ; to mention any thing fcrupuloufly, or by a little at a time ; to palliate or extenuate. Ntu- terly, to walk with Ihort Ifeps in an affecfied manner ; to fpeak with effeminacy, or fo as to omit fyllables. MI'NCINGLY, Adv. in fmall pjrts ; not fully; with palliation or extenuation. MIND, S. [gcmind,Sh-K.] the rational focil ; the understanding ; thoughts or fenti- nients; opinion; memory; remtmbrance. To MIND, V. A. to take notice of, or obfervc; to apply the mind iiitenfcly to ; to excite in the mind ; to recal to a perfon's mind, or revivein his memory; to admonifli; from tr.inder, Bjlg. Neuterly, to incline or be difpofed to. MI'.N'DED, Adj. difpofed; inclined ; af- fccK-d. MiMPFULL, Adj. attentive; heeding; retaining in the momory. MI'NDFULl.Y, Adv. attentively. MI'NDFULNESS, S. attention; heed, or regard. MI'NDLESS, Adv. inattentive; regard Jefi ; inanimate ; not endued with a rational foul. MINE, Pronoun pofTtlTivc [«;/«. Sax. T/.-f'i-v, Teut. of mcirii, Goth. Mine was for- merly iifed always beiore a vowel ; at pre- fent, ii 4 lubflaniivc precedes, we iifc mine j ralogy} M I N but when it follows, my; as, " This is my «' book." Or, " This book is mine."] be- longing to me. IMiNE, S. {tabic, Fr.] a place or cavern in the earth containing metals, ftone, or coal } a hollow dug under any fortification, that it may fink for want of fupport, or that pow- der may be lodged in it, by means of which every thing upon it may be blown up. To MiNE, V. N. to dig mines ; to form any hollows or cavities under ground by dig- ging. A(f\ively, to fap ; to ruin by mmes ; to delhoy by fccrct means or llow degrees. MINhR, S. [!i:mcur.Yr.] one that digs in caverns for metals, flones, or coals ; one who is employed in digging cavities under ground, to be lilled viitji gunpowder and fire- x'orks, in order to blow up any thinfr over them, Ml'KERAL, S. minerak, Fr.] any body dug out of the earth : though all metals arc minciah, yet all minerals are not. metals. Ml'NERAL, Adj. confilllng of bodies dug out of the earth ; confiding of metalline par- ticles. Ml'NERALIST, S. one (killed or employ- ed in extrading ores, or minerals. MINERA'LOGIST, [from m one that writes upon minerals, MINER A'LOGY, S. [mineralogie, Fr.] the do<flrine of minerals. To MINGLE, V. A. [genengan, Sp.x, min- gclcn, Teut. J to mix ; to join; to unite with fomething elfe ; to compound. Ntuterly, to be mixed or united with, IMINGLE,^, a mixture; a medley or con- f i-i fed mafs, MI'NGLER, S. one who mixes different things together. MJ'NIATURE, S. [F.] the reprefenta- tion of a thing in a very fmall fize. Gay ufcs it is an adjedive, for Ibmething very fmall, or of very fmall bulk. " A mir.ia- " ture creature." MI'NIKIN, Adj [See Manikin] fmall; diminutive; of the lealt fize ; ufed in con- tempt, MI'NIM, S. [minlintis, Lat.] a fmall be- ing or perfon. " Not all minims of nature j Shak. Applied ia the northern counties to a very fmall filh. Ml'NJMUS, S.fLat.Ja being of the lead liae. " You dwarf — you miiiimm of knot '' grafs made." Shak. Ml'NlON, S. \mignon,YT.'\ a favourite or darling. Generally applied to a perfon who lias the chief place in a prince's or great man's favour, on account ot his fervile com- pliances and flattery. MI'NIOUS, Adj [vjnium, Lat] of the colour of red-lead or vermillion. " A red and minioi/s tiniflure." Bnivn. To Ml'NISH, V. A. fa rontraffion from dimW,]p\ to Jeflai in fiic ar number ; to lop or impair. MI'NI- M I N MI'NISTER, S. [Lat. Mmjlrey Fr ] any ftxion employed as an agent, or to do and tranfaifl affairs for another ; one employed by a fovereign in the adminiftration of public affairs ; an inftrument or means applied to accomplifh any end ; a perfon who performs the public fervice in divine woi fliip j an agent from a foreign power, who has not the dig- nity and credentials of an ambaflador. To MTNISTER, V. A. to ferve or at- tend on God; the public, or a private perfon. Ml'NISTERY, S. [now ccntraifled into tlirce fyllables, as nunijlry ; from m'wijiaium, Lat.] office ; fervice j the difcharge of any office or performance of the orders and em- ployment of another. " With minijicries due *' and folemn rites." Far. lofl. It is ufed by this author as a word of four fyllables. Ml'NISlF AL. Adj. belonging to a dele- gate ; one employed by another, or a clergy- man. MI'NISTRANT, Adj. [mmjlram, Lat.] attending upon ; afting as fubordinate, de- pendent, or at command. MINISTRATION, S, [mlnifiratus, Lat.] the office of a perfon commillioned by, or acting at the command of another ; atten- dance ; intervention j fervice j office; the employ ot a clergyman. MI'NISTRY, S. [contraded from minl- ficry] office; fervice; agency; bufmefs ; pcrfons employed in ftate affairs. MI'NIUM, S, [Lat.] lead calcined in a reverbaratory furnace till it is of a red colour. MI'NNOCK, S. [perhaps from nugnon, Fr.] a favourite, darling, or perfon who is the objcdl or one's affections. MiN'NOW, S. {mcnuc, fr.] a fmnll frefh water fifh, of a dappled or waved colour on its fides, inclining to a greenifh or /ky-coiour: its belly is white, and its back blackilli. MI'NOR, Adj. [the comparative of^^^r- rviii, Lat. J petty or inconfiderable ; lefs ; fmaller. IMl'NOR, S. one not arrived at full age ; lOne under age; one younger than another, when ufed comparatively. In Logic the kail term in a propofition, or the fecond propor- tion in a regular fyljogifm. To MI'NORATE, V. A. \mmor, Lat.] to leden or diminifh. " Diflance minoratcs the ^' ohjeft." ClarTU. MINO'RITY, S. [mrorlic Fr.] the ftate of a perfon vviio is under age, or not arrived to years of dlfcretion and miturity; tlie flate of being kfs j the fmaller number oppofed to ma^or'uy. Mr'NOTURE, S. \;-.irotiire, Fr.] a mon- ger fuppofed to^e half man and half bcalt, as difcribed by the ancients. Ml'NSTER, S. Iminiftri, m'lnjier, mhjire, Sax,] a inonaftery ; a cathedral church. Ml'NS TREL, S. [mc12cf.nl. Span.] a mu- fician j one that plays upon mulical inllru- n^ents. M I R MI'NSTRELSY, S. inftrumental miific^; a band or number of perfons playing on mu- fical indruments. " The mwjlrdjy of hea- ven." Milt. MINT, S. \imnta, minte, Sax.] a plant ; a place where money is coined j from niy7iet. Sax. mint, Dan, To MINT, V. A. [See the noun] to coin or ftamp money. Figuratively, to invent or fcrge. MI'NTAGE, S. that whkh is coined or ftamped : the duty paid for coining. MFNTER, S. a coiner, or ftampcr of money. MI'NTMAN, S. a perfon fkilled or em- ployed in coinage. MI'NTMASTER, S. a perfon who has the management and care of the coinage. Figuratively, one who invents. " The great " mivt-majicrs of thefe terms." Locke. MI'NUET, S. [?r.em.:et, Fr.] a (lately re- gular dance, performed generally by two pcr- fons, confiding of a fink, boree, and two (trait Reps : the figure refembles a capital Z. MFNUM, S. [mhws, Lat.] in Mufic, a note of flow time, two ef w hich make a fe- rai-brief. MINU'TE, Adj. [nnnulus, Lat.] fm,ill, either in bulk orconfc4iience ; little ; flender. MI'NUTE, S. [diftinguiffied from the ad- jective, by being accented on the fird fj'lla- blej the fixtieth part of an hour. Figura- tively, a very Ihort time; the firlt draught of any agreement in writing^; the heads or ef- fe(fl of a perfon's difcourfe taken in writing. To MI'NUTE, V. A. [minuter, Fr.] to fet down in fliort hints. Ml'NUTE-BOOK, S. a book of fliort hints or memoranda. MINU'TELY, Adv. with great exaanefs; without omiffion of the leaf! circumfl.ince. MINUTENESS, S. exceffive fmallnds ; extreme accuracy or circumdaniialnefs j in- confiderablenefs. MI'NUTE- WATCH, S. a watch whofc index revolves in a minute, and thereby mca- fures that interval moredidinftly than a com- mon one. MINX, S. a young, pert, wanton, or af- fcaed girl. MI'RACLE, S. [Fr. wiraculum, Lat.] a fcnfible etfert, either in itklf or its circum- flancesfupernatural; or that which is, in fomc refpetft or other, befidc or contrary to the fi.\ed Itiws of nature, and courfe of common pro- vidence, which not being to be accounted for in a natural way, mud be afcribed to the oc- calional interpoiition of God himfelf, or of Ionic invifiblc, intelligent agent. The mi- racles afcribed to Chrid and his apodlcs re- commend themfelvcs to our notice, as being wrought by pcrfons who folemnly appealed to God, and declared they would perform them. — They were wrought in a public manner — ■ before enemies and unbelievers ; who neitlicr wanted M I S M I S vanteJ power r.or inclination to dcieifl t!iem,'s pirfcn's mrjiiingj tounJeifianJa thing in a jt impolburos. \vron<4 fenfc MlRATLI.pUSLY, AJv. in a manner! MisAI'PREHE'MSION, S. a miAake. beyond tlic known powers or laws of nature, To MISBKCO'MfJ, V. A. [pretcr rnific- .fUki tile cmirie of common pioviJcnce. Icawc] to he inconfii'tent with a perfon's cha- MIRA'CULOUSNESS, S. tlie qwality I laac-r ; t.» dirgrace i to be unfuitabie. ^liich determines an erfecf to be lH:yond the | M ISRHGO'TTEN, Adj. uiilawfuny or iir'.^ularly bej;otten. j'n M^BKHA'Vt, V. N. to aft ill, or in- coiiliUant with a perfon's charadtci. MISRKHA'VF.D, Adj ill bred ; uncivil. MISBF.HAVIOUR, S. want of decency the quality of bein;; to others ; ill conduO ; want of civility or j hreedinp. laws or powers of nature MIRK, Sk [uy^c-ycr, Bclg.] miiJ ; dirt moillened with rain or water. To MIRR, V. A. to ^jub with miiJ ; to T^helnr in the mud. MIRINESS, S. muddy. MIRROIR, Ml'RROR, Ml'RROUR,; MI^BK'LIEF, S. [pronounced vilfieleef] >, [Pope and other modern authors, not to an erroneous or wrong belief, mention Waller among more ancient ones, ipell it miricir ; Sptnier, Davis, Sbakefpeare, •jkviong the ancients wrott: it trirrr^r ; and the former of tlicfe great men likcwife Iptlt it rtiriour in his Fairy ^^ff", book j.] a looking olafs, or any thing which reprclcuts objeOs iiy refiecflion ; a pattern or examplar, as be- iiTgtbaion which the eye ought to be fixed ill order to iraufcribe its perfections. Ml'RROR-STOMK, S. a kind of tranf- pare!it or rcHccling flone. MIRTH, S. [mirigfl-f, tryrhthe, Sax. See To MlSBKLl'EVt, V. N. to diftruft. M ISBE Ll't V K,R , S. one that holds a falfe religi<.ii>, or believes wrongly. '1 o MliCALL, V. A. to call by a wrong name, T« MISCA'LCULATE, V. A. to be wrong in a computation or reckoning j to leckon wrong. MISCA'RRIAGE, S. want of fuccefs ; ill- condudt ; aborti ;n, or the acf of bringing forth before due time. To MlsCA'RRY, V. A. to fail ; to fail of ]tuinv \ merri.-ncnt ; gaiety ; laughter ; a jelt Aiccefs in im undertaking ; to be biought to vphifh excites l.iughter MI'RTMFUL, Adj. full of joy, gacity. cheerful ncjs and laughter. Ml RTHLKSS. ^dj. forrowful, deprived of jov 01- chserfulnefs. bed before due time. MISCELLA'XEOUS, Adj. [mirccHaras. Lat.J mingled ; conlifting of difFrrcnt kinds. MISCELI.A'NY, S. [iometimes accented on the fccond lyllablej a book containing a MI'RY, Adj. deep in mud ; daubed with coUcftion of ditierent pieces, Ibmetimescon taining the works of ditlcrent authors. To MJSCA'ST, V. A. to add up or com- pute wrong. MISCHANCE, S. ill-luck; a thing hap- pening amifs, hut neither intended uoi fore- mud ; co^nfifting of mud MISS, [Sax. from f^rjh, Goth ] is an i'lfcparable particle, and in compolition de- rrotes defect, error, depravation, corrupti- on, Cff. MISACCEPTA'TTON, S the aft of ta-jfeen. king any thing in a wrong fcnfe. ' MISCHIEF, S. anything done to harm or MiSADVE'NTVRF', S, mij'a-!'^nnire, Fr.] jinjure ani>ther ; an ill-confequewcc, or vexa- any adventure or event whici) falls out cor,- 1 tious afiair. trary to a perlon's expcftdtion or intertft. In j Ml'SCHfFF- MAKER, S. one who pro- JLaw. manll.iiighter. I ruotes cjuarrcls between others, and caufes MISADVE'.N'l IRED, Adf. unfortimate. Imifchief. MISADVI'CK, S. wrong or miftaken ad- .M ISCHE' VOL'S, Adj ffometimes nccent- vice; bad conn fel. ed on tlie fecond fyJIableJ hurtful; inju- MISAD\'1'SP1D, Adj. advikd to fomewhat ( rious ; fpittfol ; malicious, that is ill, or amifs ; wrongfully rounfelled. j MlSCHl E\'(Jl SLY, Adv. malicioufly s MISAl'MED, Adj. not jiimed or direfted j fpitcfiilly ; hurtfuUy. ri^ht. MFSA'NTHROPIST.S. [rjf/i.rr/vo/c, Fr. fc.-ra; and cfr'^rTrsf (ir.J a hnerof mr^nkind ; one who Ilics the focicty of mankind froni a principle of difcontf nt. MISA'NTHROPY, S. the :•/! of hating cr avoiding the focicty o^ mankind. MISAPJ'l.lC.A'TlOV, S. an improper ap- plication ; the i^ of applying a thing to a u rong ufe. To MISAPPLY, V, A. to apply impro- r^rly. or to u rong purpofts i o MIS.-^.i'iREilL'ND, V. A. to niift-kr t wrong idea uf MfSCHIEVOUSNESS, S. the qua'ity of delighting in doing harm and injmy to others.' Ml'SlBLE, Adj. [from wifreo, Lat. to mix ! capable of being mixed. M ISCITA'TION, S. a u rong quotation. 'I o MISCI''J'E, V. A. to quote the words of an author v.rotig. MISCLA'IM, S. an erroneous or niftakcn cl.tim. KilSCO.MPUTATION, S. a falfc reck- oning. To MISCONCIE'VE, V. A. to have a J MIS CON- M I S M I S falfe idea or MISCONCE'PTION, S notion. MISCO'NDUCT, S. ill-behaviour; bad management. MISCONJE'CTURE, S. a vvrorg guels. MISCONSIRU'CTION, S.the :i(ft of al'- cribing a wrong fenfe to words or a<ftions. To MiSCO'NSTRLE, V. A. to interpret wrong. To MISCOUNSEL, V. A. to advifc V. A. \_nu-coritcr, Fr.] wrong To MISCOUN to reckon wrong. MISCREANCE, or MISCREANCY, S. [mifcrea^Ct, or tnifaoiartce, Fr.] adlurenci; to a talle religion ; falfe faith. " Hercfy, m'ljac- <' amy.'' Ayiiffe. Ml'SCREANT, S. f?^'?/ <;.:«/•, Fr.] in its primary fenfc, one ihat holds a fallc faith, or believes in falfe gods. Secondaiily, a vile and wicked wretch. MISDE'ED, S. a vile a<ftion. To MISDEME'AN, V. A. to behave ill MISDEMBl'^^NOR, or MISDEMPL'AN- OUR, S. a llightoticnce ; Ibmcihing lefs than a Clime. To MISDO', V. A. [prcter, / haw mij- ifsnr] to do wrung, or commit a crime, " For *' what I have mijdone." Milt. Neutcrly, to commit faults. MISDO'ER, S. an offender ; one guilty of faults. To MTLDO'UBT, V. A. to fufpea of de- ceit or danger. MISDO'U'BT, S. fufpicion of crime or danger; irrefulution. To MISEMPLO'Y, V. A. to wrong ufe. MISEMPLO'YMENT, S. the afl of ap- idying to an improper ufe. Ml'SER. S. [Lat.] formerly ufed for a pcrfon in wretchednef'; or calamity ; or for a bafc and mean perfon : but at prefent to oiie who, though polleflcd of riches, endures all the hardfhips of indigence, either to increafe or avoid fpcnding them. Ml'SERABLE, Adj. [Fr. from mlfirabi- /i«, Lat.J Uiihappy ; calamitous, or wretch- ed; very bad ; ftingy ; or faving to exccfs. M I'SERABLEN ESS, S. the quality which denominates a perfon wretched, cr an objedt of pity ; excetlive parfimony. MI'SEKABJ.Y, Adv. in fuch a manner as to become an objc^ of conipadlon ; tltl- perately; (liockingly. " Mifer,i/,/y (tabbed to death." Soi'th. vV'rctchcdly ; nicinly; covctoujly, or like a mifcr. MI'SERY, S,.[mlfir/,Yr. m'lfna, Lat. J fuch adateof wretchednefs, unh..ppinefs, or calamity, as renders a pci.'bn an object of companion. To MlS'tASHION,V. A to form wrong. JMISFO'RTUNF., S. w.int i.f iiiccefs ; ca- lamity ; ill-lnck, or povc-rtr, not happening by a prrfoii s own fault. To MISGIVE, V. A. to fiifpeft ; to pre- fage fomeihing ill ; to furpe<St fomcthina amils. "To MISGO'VERN, V. A. to rivesn iil. MISGO'VKRNED, Adj. under no rc- ftraint ; rude ; ill-bred, " Rude mij^o'vcrnd " hands." .S/.jk. MISCiO'VERNMENT, S. ill adminiftra- tim of affairs; ill management; irregularity; or immodefl behaviour, MISGUl'DANCE, S. a falfe direaion. To MISGUl'DE, V. A. to direft wrong. MISHA'P, S, any evil that happens uncK- peftedly. Ml'SHMASH, S,[from nifdin,^ Belg.] a hodge-podge, or confufedjumble of things;a low word. To MISINFE'R, V, A. to draw a wrong inference. ToMISINFO'RM, V. A. to deceive by falfe accounts.' MISINFORMA'TIOiSr, S. a falfe intelli- gence, or account. To MISINTF'RPRET, V. A. to explain in a wrong fenfe. AIISINTE'RPRETATION, S. expliin- ing in a bad fenfe. To MISJOI'N, V. A. to join in animpio- per manner. To MISJU'DGF, V. A. to form falfe opi- nions. To MISL'AY, V. A. to lay in a wrong place ; to put away, fo as not to be able to find agiin. MISLA'YKR, S. one who puts a thing in a wrong phice. To MISLE'AD, V. A. [prefer and part, pply to a I pafi! }?iijlcd\ to guide in a wrong wi.y ; to be- tray to niifchict or miilake, under a pretence of guiding. MISLE'ADER, S. one that feduces or lead.? to ill. To MISM'ANAGE, V. A. to condud or manage wrongly. MISMA'NAGEMENT, S. defeaofcon- du(ff or behaviour. To MI.SMA'RK, V. A. to mark or diftin- guifli wr(-ng. To MISMA'TCH, V. A. to mirtake in matching. To MISNAME, V. A. to call by a wrong name. MISN0'MJ.:R, S. [Fr.] in Law, the mif- t.nkin'^ a ma**s name, or the uling of one n'.mc for another, which is the caufc of abatements of writs. To MISOBSK'RVF, V. A. to make a wrong rema'k. MISOGA'MLST, S. ^jxia-oc and >a,'.*a;, Gr ] one ih.it hates marriage. MISOGYNY, S. [ from /wiTTof and -^v.n, Gr. ) the a(ff of lining women kind. To MISO'RDEK, V. A. to conJuf^ or manage ill. 1 To MISPPLL, V. A. [prcter and part. I paiT. r/i/jti/V. Tills wori and its derivatives 1 niJi:ld, M I S fhouIJ, according to analogy, be writtCM ntlf- peU\ to fpeil wrong. To MlSPi-:'ND, V. A. [preter and part. pa0. tnili^cnt. This word Ihould, according to its analogy, be written mif-fend] to fpend ill, wafle, con fume to no purpofe, or throw away. To wafle or decay, ufed with the reciprocal pronoun. " MiJ'pends itfilf.'' Phi/ifs. MISPE'NDER, S.- one who applies to a wrong purpofe. MISPERSU'ASION, S. a wrong notion or fah'e opinion. To MISPLACE, V, A. to put in a wrong place. To MISPOINT, V. A. fin pronouncing ihe is dropped, and i pronounced long like that in /'«?] to fet the wrong point or flop after a fentence. To MISPRI'ZE, V. A. fometimes it figni- fies to miftake, from mifprcndere, Fr. and fometimes to undervalue, llight, or difdain, from mcpy'ifer, Fr. MlSPRi'SION, S. fcorn, flight, or con- tempt. ",Of thy mifpnf.cn, mufl perforce en- *' fue — fome true love turned." i)hak. In Common Law, a negleifl or overfight : thus, where a perfon is privy to a treafon or felony, and negle(!ls the revealing of it, but entirely conceals the fame, it is called mijprifion of thofe crimes. This word is likewife extended to any contempt of the king's perogative, ei- ther byretufing to aflill him, or by writing againfl his perfon or government, fij'f. To MISPROPO'RTION, V. A. to join in an unfuitable proportion. To MISQUO'TE, V. A. to cite an au- thor's words wrong. To MISRECl'TE, V. A. to quote or re- cite wrong. To MISREPO'RT, V. A. to give a falfe account of: to give an account which is both difadvantageoiis and falfe. MISREPO'RT, S. a falfe account ; a falfe and malicious leprcfentation. To MISREPRESENT, V. A. to repre- fcnt to difadvantage ; to rcprefent falfely. MISREPRESENTA'llON, S. the afl of wilfully rcprefenting a thing otherwife than it is. MISRU'LE, S. tumult ; confufion. MISS, S. [contracted from mij}refs] a term of compliment ufed in adJrefling ay )ung and unmarried lady. Figuratively, a proftitiue. " Six miJJ'is had, befides his lawful wife." Dryd. To MISS, V. A. [preter r;^?rf, particip. patr. ttiiji] to midake ; to fail hitting a mark; to fail of obtaining ; to difcover fomething unexpc^edly wanting ; to omit ; to perceive the want of. Neuterly, to fly wide from, not to hit a mark ; to prove unfuccefsful; to fail or miflake ; to be loll or wanting. MISS, S. lofs ; want; failure; miflake, or error. M I S MI'SSAL. S. [i>!ifile, Lat. r>;i/j;i, Fr. mrf- fa, Goth. ] the mafs book. To MI'.SHAPE, V. A. [part, m/hefed, or mi/?.<ape>j'\ to fhape or form ill; to deform, Ml'SSILE, Adj. [mij/ilis, Lat. from n:lfust Lat. ' thrown by the hand or from an engine. Striking at a diilance, applied to weapons. MI'S'SION, S. [mj/fo, Lat.] comniiffion; the f! ate ofa perfon employed by another; per- fons fent on any account : ufually applied to thofe that are fent to propagate the gofpcl in foreign parts. Difmiflion or difcharge. " Dc- " manded a tr.ijfion or difcharge." MI'SSIONARY, or Mi'SSIONER, 5. [niijftof.aire, Fr.] one fent to propagate reli- gion in foreign parts. M I'SS] VE, Adj. fuch as may be fent ; fuch as are flung at a diflance by the hand, or from an engine, applied to weapons. " The mijjl've " weapons fly." Dryd. To MISPE'AK, V. A. [preter mlfpoke, part. nA'pokcn | to fpeak wrong er amlfs. MIST, S. [Sax. and Belg.] a meteor, con- fifling of a low thin cloud, or fmall rain, whofe drops are not to be diftinguilhed. Figu- ratively, any thing that darkens, or obfures, applied to the underflanding. To MIST, V. A. to cloud; to cover with a ffem or moid vapour. MIST, part, of mifs. To MISTAKE, V. A. to conceive a wrong idea of; to take a thing for that which it is not, or to take one thing for another. Neu- terly, to err ; to form a falfe judgment or idea, MISTA'KE, S. the aft of forming a wrong idea ; or taking a thing for what it is not. MISTA^KEABLE, Adj. liable to be mif- taken. To be MISTA'KEN, V. N. to form a wrong opinion or judgment. MISTA'KINGLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to form a wrong judgment, opinion, or idea. To MISTA'KE, V. A. to flate wrong; to reprefent in a falfe light. To MI'STELL; V. A. to relate falfely o« purpofe ; to reckon wrong. To MISTE'RM, \ . a. to call by a wrong name. MI'STERY, S. [mejikr, Fr.] in Law, an art, trade, or occupation. This word is ge- nerally, but improperly, written nyflay. To MISTI'ME, V. A. to do unfeafbnably, or at an improper time. MIS'TINESS, S. clondinefs; the ftate of being overcift, and applied to the fky. MI'STION, S. [from iK.f.us, Lat.] the ftate of being mixed. MI'ST LIKE, Adj. refembling a mift ; like a mift. MISTO'LD, part, pafi: from MiJIdl. MI'STOOK, part. pad. of Mipke. Ml'STRESS, S. [nai:rc£i, formerly writ- ten iva'.f.rejle, Fr.] a woman who manages a houfe, asd keeps fervants; a womaa ikilled i M I T in any thing ; a woman teacher ; a woman who is the object of aperfon'slove, in a j^ood fenfe. A proftitute j uled as an addrefs ot contempt. MISTRU'ST, S. fufpicion ; want of con- fidence. To MISTRU'ST, V. A. to fufpcrt ; to -doubt. MISTRU'STFUL, Adj. fufpiciousj diffi- dent. MISTRU'STFULNE'^S, S. the quality of fulpeding the fidelity of another. MISTRU'STFULLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as betrays fufpicion. MISTRU'STLESS, Adj. free from fufpi- cion ; confident. MISTY, Adj. cloudy ; overcaft, applied to the Iky ; obfcure; dark. ToMlSUNDERST'AND, V. A. [prefer and participle mijuvdsrjieod] to take any per- fon's meaning wrong ; to miffake. MISUNDERSTANDING, S. a diffcr- eikce, or difagrement, implying that the par- ties do not underdand each other ; an error; a falfe judgement or conception of the mean- ing of words or fentences. MISU'SAGE, S. [from rr.lfufe] abufe, or bad treatment. To MISU'SE, V. A. [mefufer, Fr.] to treat or ufe in an improper manner ; to abufe. MISU'SE, S. [in the verb it is pronounced like niifiize, but in the fubllantive like mifuce] a bad ufe or treatment. MI'SY, S. a very beauteous mineral, of a fine bright yellow, and of a loofe and friable texture, much refembling golden marcafites, MITE, S. [Fr. and Sax, mike, Relg.j a very fmall infccft which breeds in cheefe. In weights, the twentieth part of a grain. In money, the third part of a farthing : Pro- verbially, any thing very fmall ; a very fmall particle or atom ; from mite, Fr. miice, Belg MIT'ELLIA, S. a plant. MI'THRIDATE, S. [Fr ]a kind of elec- tuary ; one of the capital medicines of the (hops, confifHng of a great number of ingre- dients, and receiving its name from Mithri- dates king of I'ontuf, its inventor. MI' TIGANT, part, [mitigans, Lat.] leni- ent ; or lenitive. To MI'TIGATE, V. A. [mitigatus, of tnitigc, Lat. | to abate or lefTen, applied to ri- gour or fe verity. To foften, lefltn or m-jke lefs, applied to pain. To afluage or calm, applied to the heat and turbulence of facf^ions. MITIGATION, S. the art of lellcning any punilhment, feveriry, or pain. MITR'E, S. [mitre, Fr. |W.Tja, Gr.]a round cap, pointed and cleft a-top, with two pendants hunting down on the (lioulders, worn on the head by bilhops and abbots on iblemn occafi- ons, and in heraldry, borne as a creft l)y a bifhop ar.d archbithup. Among workmen a kind of joining two boards tocietber. MI'TTENS, 3. [mitaine, f r.J slovcs that M O C cover the arms, but not the fingers. Ml' TT EN T, part. [miticKs, Lat.] feeding forth or emitting. MI'TTIMUS, S. [Lat. we fend] in Law, a writ for transftrrina records from onecourt,' to another. Likewife a writ under the hand and feal of a juftice of the peace, direfted to- the goaler or keeper of a prifon, for receiving and fafe keeping an offender, till he be deli- vered by due conrfe of law. To MIX, V. A. [mixfus, Lat. n-.ijfcheriy Belg. J to uniie different bodies into one mafsj to co*npofc of different things. MI'XTION, S [Fr.] mixture; confufion ; or uniting one body with another. MI'Xl LY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to join and unite different things together. MI'XTURE, S. [mixtu>a,\l\..^ the aft of joining or adding different things together^ the ftate of different things united or added together ; a mafs or liquor formed by uniting different ingredients ; any thing added or mixed. MI'ZZEN, S. \meafane, Belg. mijaiv.e, Fr.] a maft in the ftern or back part of a (hip. To MI'ZZLE, V, A. [from m,ft\ to rain in fmall drops, like a thick mift. MNEMO'NICS, S. [juvfju.wx.,. Or.] the art of memory. To MOAN, V. A. [pronounced mone ; from wignan, Sax.j to fhew forrow by the looks, a mournful tone of voice, and difmal complaints. MOAN, S. lamentation ; forrow exprelTed by words and aiftions. MOAT, S. [pronounced m«te; fri^immofte, Fr.] a canal or coUecfVion of water which runs in a ditch or channel round a building. To MOAT, V. A. [moiter,Fr.] to fur- round any building with a canal or water. MOB, S. [contradled from mcii/e, Fr.] the croud ; the vulgur 5 a tumultuous rout or multitude. In drcfs, a woman's cap, which pins ©r tics under the chin, and is generally worn to fleep in. To MOB, V. A. to harrafs or overbear by a mob or tumult. MO'BILE, S. I Fr.] the populace or vul- gar ; a tumultuous aflcmbiy of the common and lower order of people. MOBILITY, S. [mcbiUtf, Fr nxbilii^Sy Lat] (he powerof being moved. Figuratively, quicknefs of motion. Aiflivcly, in a low lan- guage, the vislgiir or populace. Ficklenefs or inconllancy, applied to the mind. MO'CHA. STONE, S. [from Mocka the place whence it is brought] a (lone fomewh it of the ,-igate kind, of a clear horny grey, with delineations or figures rcprelenting moiTcs, (liruh.s, and branches, in black, brown and red, in the fubfhnce of the flone, which is valued in proportion to the perfection of the figures. ] o MOCK, V. A. [p'occio, Erit, mcquer, Fr, J to deride, feoff, or laugh at ; to octet ; to MOD M O D t") eluJe ; to difappoint a perfon's expectati- ons ; to beguile or delude with words '' Hj- *♦ therto h.ill thou mccicJ me and told me "lies." Judges av'i. 13, 15. Neuterly, to fcotf or jelt at. , MOCK, S. ridicule ; a fneer j an a(fl of contempt , an obje^ft of ridicule ; a contemp- tuous imitation or mimicry of u perlbn's ac- tions or manner. MOCK, Adj. counterfeit ; falfe j not real or genuine. MO'CKABLK, Adj. fubjea to be made the objedt of ridicule, or to be cxpofed tg de- rifion. MO'CKRR, S. one that ridicules, or con- tcmptuoully mimics the a^ion of another; a| deceiver; an impoUor. MO'CKERY, S. deridon ; fcorn ; ridi- ] cule ; contemptuous mimicry of a peifon's actions or words ; fport ; a vain ihew or coun- tcrfeit appearance ; difappointment. MO'CKINGLY, Adv. with infult, ridi- cule, or a contemptuous mimicry of a per- fon's aiflions. MO'CKING-STOCK. S, the fubjert of dtrifion, or obje(^l of ridicule. MO'DAL, Adj. [moJalc, Fr. mcdalis, Lat-] relating to the form only, oppofcd to efTence. MODA'LITY, an accidental difference ; the quality of an accident. MODE, S. \mcdo, Fr. modus, Lat.] form. In Logic, that which cannot fubfift in, and of itfelf, but is always eltecmed as beloni^ing to, and fubfiding by, the help of fome lub- llancc, which, for that reafon, is called its fubjed^t. Gradation or degree. " What *' >>;5i^t'j of light." Manner or method J ftate or appearance ; fafhion or cullom. MO'DEL, S. [mwV/c, Fr. modulus, hit.] a reprefentation in miniature of fome build- ing, (jfi. a copy to be imitated ; a mould ; a ftandard by which any thing is mcafured. To MO'DEL, V. A. [mcd./er, Fr. J to plan; to fliape ; to form, mould, or delineate MO'DELLER,S. one that plans, fchemes, or contrives. MO'DERATE, Adj. [modcratus, Lat, mo- derc, Fr.J temperate, or between the two ex- tremes. Not lior, applied to temper. Not extravagant, applied to expence. To MO'DERATE, V. A. [moderatus,0? rrfodcrei-, Lat. J to keep within due bounds and limits ; to repreff, regulate, orreftrain, MO'DFRArEJ.Y, Adv. temperately; mildly, applied to fituation or weather. In a middle degree. MO'DERATENESS, S. the quality of keep iig within any two extremes. IMOUER'ATION, S. [modcrstio,_ Lat.] the flate of keeping a due mean betwixt ex- t)-cmesi forbearance of extremity J calmnefs, tcmpciancc or equanimity. MdDERA'TOR, S. [LAX.medaatcurJr ] a perfon xr thing wisich calms or Keeps from filing into c\ccl!cs; a pcrfon v\ho piefidesat a difputution, to reflrain the contending par- ties from indecency, confine thena to the point in quelHoii, and flicw the conclufive- ncfs or inconclufivcnefs of tlicir arguments and refponles. MO'DERN, S. [pyJcrnc, Fr. from modtrnus, low Lat] late ; not long done or exifling. MO'DERNISM, S. any thing formed ac- cording to the tafie of the prefent age, oppof- ' ed to that of the ancients. A word coined by dean Swift. MO'DERNS, S. thofe who have lived lately, oppofcd to tlie ancients. To IVIO'DERNIZE, V. A. to form any thing according to the tafte of the prefent age ; to trandjte or alter any thing ancient to the prefent talfc. MO'DERNNESS, S. the quality of being lately made or received ; a novelty. MO'DEST, Adj. \n:cdcj}e, Fr. rnodejius, Lat.] humble in opinion of one's own ex- cellencies, and free from boafling ; referved or backward in doing any thing for fear of incurring cenfure; chafte ; free from, and avoiding every appearance of vice without being carried to excefs ; moderate. " By a " vwdcj^ converfation " Addij. MO'DESTLY, Adv. in an humble,chafte, referved, and moderate manner ; without ex- cefs, forwardnefs, boafling, or impudence. MO'DESTY, S. a vinue which includes an humSle opinion of one's own abilities, an utter abhorrance of the leall appearance of vice, and a fear oi doing any thing which ci- ther hjs or may incur cenfure. MO'DESTY-FIECE, S. a narrow Lcc or border, which runs along tlie upper part of the (tays before, and is part of a woman's tucker. MO'DICUM, S. a fmall portion or pittance. MODIFI'ABLE, Adj. [from w!</i/3'] ca- pable of receiving a difference with refpeft to its modes or accidents. MODI'FICABLE, Adj. Sec Mcdcfahle. MODIFICATION, S. [Fr.] the aft cf giving a thing new accidental differences of form or mode ; that which gives a thing any particular manner of being. To MO'DIFY, V. A. [r,:ed-:fier, Fr.] to change the form, accidents, or qualities of a thing. MODl'LLON, S. [Fr. mcdldus, Lat.] in Architcifture, an ornament in the ctnnice of an Ionic, Corinthian, and Compofite co- lumns, confining of little inverted confoles or brackets in form of i.n ^V, fecming to fupf ort the pri)je<f>ure of the larmier. ^lO'DlSH, Adj. agreeable to the falhlon or reit'.ning cultom. MO'DISllLY, Adv. ftifiiionably. MO'DISHNESS, S. a llrift obfcrvance of the fafhion. To MO'DULATE, V. A. [mcduktur, Lat. J in Mufic, to change the key, and to return to it again, without giving offence to the c.'.r. MODI'- M O L MODULA'TION, S. [Fr.J in Mufic, the ii<fl or keepiiijj in, and on occitioii cliaiiging the key, and returning to it again, without gviug offjjicc to the cir ; the rcguliir pro gi^fllon ot thu feveral parts through rhc founds thdt arein the harmony of Jiiy particular key, as well as the proceeding naturally t'rom one key to theotlier; found modulated. MODJi^ATOR, S, one that forms founds to a certain key. MO'DULE, S. \;noihilus, Lat.] a model ; an empty reprefcntation, or mere Ihadow, In Architeiiture, a certain meiiurCj taken at pleafure, l\,r regulating the pro,iorrion of co- l.UTius, and the fymmcuy or dilhilution of the wliole IniilJin^. MO'IJDS, S. I Lat.] in Law, the giving inoney or land to a miiiilter, inijcad of his tythes in kind. MO'HAIR, S. \_mohere, mo'ue, Fr. mojjccr, Arab, a cair,el] tluead or fluff made of ca- mels or other hair. M01'!)0:IE, S. [jroedc. Port.] a Portugal goild coin, valued at 27 liiiliings lie. ling. Mul'ETY, S. [moitie, Fr. from moieu, Fr. half] one of two c^aal parUj a part or portion. To MOIL, V. A. [m-j!/JL'e>, Fr.1 to dawb with dirt; to fatigue or weary. Neutcrly^ to labour in the mire; to toil, drudge, or labour very hard. MOlbT, Adj. [mcijle, tr.dtf, Fr.] wet in a fmall degree, io us nor to lie liquid ; juicy. To MOIST, or MGI'SfEN, V. A. to make wet in a fmal! degree. MOl'STENKR, S. the perfon or thing which moiftcns o.- makes wet in a very Iniall degree. MOI'.STNESS, S. the quality of being yjei in a fmall deJiee. M O N MO'f.LIABLE, Ad|. .rom m/Zi/J] capa- ble of being ibftcned or appfcjfed. MOLLIFICA'TION, i. from nwUiy] the ad of making foft Mitigation^ or paci- fication, appH?d toangcr. MO'LLiFii:R, S.''that which mak-; foft or Calm . To MO'LLIFY, V. A. [from moHh and fio, Lat. j to make foft. To appeaie, applied to anger. To leHen or moderate, uppLied to any thing harlh or rigor.His. MO'LOoSES, or MO'LASSES, S. \me- /,izzq, Ital. j dicgs of fugar } tlie vefufe fyrup in boiling fugar. MO'LTEN, Part, padlvc of wf//. P/IO'MENT, S. [Fr. momentum, Lat.] confe^ucnce, importance, or weight ; foite, or ading power j aa indivihble particle of time. MOME'NTALLY, Adj. for a moment. " Mcwi'itail^ remaining." Brciun. , MOMF.NT.^'NEOU'S, Adj. [mnwevtavfe, Fr. mom.Mui.tui, Lat.j lading O'.U a nio- menr. MO'MENT.A.R Y, Adj. done in, or lafllng a moment. MOME'NTOUSj Adj, I'mavnum, Lat.j of weiiilit, coiilci;jouce, or importance.. MONA'CllAl., Adj. \jtwnacal, Fr. wor.a- ih:tlh, i^at.J moDafvic j relating to monks, MONA'CHISM, b. \n'>nili!.u^me, Fr J the (late of monks; a monaiHc liie. MO'NAD, or MO'N.iDE, S. l;xcMtq, Gr.J an ind.vifible thh:g. JvIO'NARCH, i>. [mon.irque, Fr. f;om y.o- •/;? and a.-yo; (^ r. ] a king; a governor iil- velled witi) abfoiute au:lioii!y; any tiiiug (a- perior to others of the faUie kind. " J he mo- " na'ch oak." Dryd. MO.Nf.VRCHAL, Adj. gcverned by a fin- MOl'STURE, S. a fmall i^uantity of wa- | glc peifon or king ; fuitiug a king. t«r or liquid; dampnefs MOLE, S. \nh:l. Sax. mol, Belg.] in Phy- fic, a fhapelefs concictioii of extravafatcd blood, which grows into a kind ef fitih, and is called a falfe con..'ep(ion ; a na.ural fpot on tlie fkin, foiBCtimcs having hair grov\'ing in it ; a little animal or beall, which calls up the earth in hillocks, formerly thought to be blind, but by modern naturalifls proved to have pcrfedf eyes, and holes for them throuoh the Ikin, abo .t the fize of a pin's head. A mound, dyke, or port ; IVom ir:c!c, Fr. MO'LEHILL, S. an hillock thrown up by a mole in working its pallage under ground. To MOLf ST, V. A. \7n0Upr, Fr. mo- Itjius, Lat.] to dillurb, trouble, or ve>:. MOLESTATION, S. {>r.,!(pia, Lat.] difturbancc ; uneafn»efs cauf-d by vexation. MOLK'^iTER, S. one ^Uiodiituibs, MO'LE-TRACK, S. the courfc of a mole undir-ground MO'LLIKNT, Part. [wJ-V.-m, Lat.j fof- teuing or inakiu^ (wit. MONA'ROHlCAL, Adj. [moraichiqi'e.'^'r. y-oytifx^u^i;, Gr.J belonging to a finglc ruler or king MO'^i'-ARCIlY, S. [ntor.arcLie, Fr. y.jvxf- ^la, Gr.] the governnieiit of ^ finglepcrfun ; a kingdom. MO'NASTERY, S, {mo.^ajlcre, Fr. vojia- Jleilum, Lat] a houfe for p'erl'ons to retire to on a religious account ; a c.'nvent. MOSA'STIC, or MON A'STlcAL, Adj. [r-or.nftiijue, Fr. nwr.ajium, Lat ] hclrmgini) to one that retires liom tlieworld on a le.igious account ; belonging to a monk. MONA'S FINALLY, Adv. af.er.the man- ner i.f a monk. ^ MO'NDrt Y, S. [pronounced ;;;.v;;Jiy; from won.ir.daeg, .Sa.x. ) the fccond day of the week, fo called becaufe dedicated to Diana, or the moon. MONEY, S. [pronounced v.f.r.ry \ from vrcTw^yc, Fr. pnut'ai, Ciit. from n.iv/!, Biir. rKor.cia, Lat ] a piece of metal flamped wi-h (omc mark or im.i£e, \^hufe \aluc is fixed by public authority. , Tt MO'NEY- M O N M O N MO'NEV-CH ANGER, S. one whojgaats. The Briftol merchants fhip off gvear changes one piece of coin for more of quantities of its corn for Portugal and other Icfs value, or leveral pieces for one of more i parts. Coals are fold for two-pence a horfc- value. !o:;d at the pit. Their principal nianufatlure MO'NEYED, Adj. rich in coin, oppofed is flannels. Tiie gentlemen fpeak Engiilh, to wealth in lands. ] hut the current language of the people is MONEY-SCRIVENER, S. one who | Welch. This county fends two knights of raifcs money for others, and deals in convey- j the Ihirc. hefidcs one member for its capital, Monmouth. MO'NOCHORD, S ancing. MO'NEYSWORTH, Adj. fometliing worth money j fomething that will bring mofiey. MO'NGER,S. [pronounced w?/«j^i?r; from naaga-:-, S-iK.] a dealer or feller. After the name of any commodity, it implies a peifon who deals in it, or fells it ; thus Ji/omon^e'- is one who fells or deals in fifii. Sometimes in- deed it fignifies one converfant with, as a •vihoirmongcr is one who is converfant with whores. MO'NGREL, Adj. [pronounced mntigrel ; froiri menirlan. Sax.] of a mixed breed. MONI'TION, S. fFr. tr.cnitk, Lat.J aft information or hint ; indruclion or advice. MO'NITOR, S. one who warns of faults, or informs of duty 5 one who gives ufeful hints. In Schools, -.ipplied to a fcholar com- miflioned by the maiter to take notice of the behaviour of his fchool-fellows. MCyNITORY, Adj. [mo-ilotre, Fr. mom- torius, Lat.] conveying ufeful inftrudions or admoniti('n. MO'NITORY, S. an admonition. «« The *' pope writ a monitory to him." £ac. Not in ufe. MONK, S. [pronounced munk ; from mo- ncc, tnun.'i, Sax. monacus, Lat.J a perfon who retires from the world to give himfelf wholly up to devotion, and to live in abdi- nence and folitude. M0'NKP:RY, S. a monaQic life. MO'NKEY, S. [ pronounced munkey ; by Skinner derived from tro.i, a man, and ijn, a diminutive termination. M:,na, Itai. nnmeca. Span.] an ape, or animal bearing a great re- femblance to a man. MO'NKMOOD, S. the condition, ftate, orprofcfliin of a .ik. MO'NKISH, Adj. taught or profefTcd by monks. MO'MMOUTHSHIRE, a county of England, but formerly apart of Wales, in the dioccfe of LlandafF. It is bounded by Here- fordlhire on the M. E. by the Severn, which divides it from Gloucefberdiire and Sonnerfct- fliire, on the S. E. and by Urccknocklhire and Glamorgan Ihire on theW, The river Ufi-: runs through the middle of it ; wliieh river and the Wye abound with falnmn, trout, (^c. It is reckoned about tvveniy-ninc miles from N. to S and twenty from FC. to W, It contains 12- parifbes, and eight market-towns. The air is healthy ; its eafl parts are woody, and the weft a little mountainous, but in geneia! fruitful. Its hills Iced cattle, Iheep, and [from (Mcvof and yjipir., Gr.] an iaflrument having but one (tring. MO'NOrOLON, S. [of /■^ovoc and x-Aav,. Gr.] the gut, otlierv.iife called the intejlinum rcSium . MONO'CULAR. or MONO'CULOUS, Adj. [i^ovtn;, Gr. and aculus, Lat.] one-eyed ; having hut one eye. MO'NODY, S. f^JiicJttt, Gr.] a poem or fong fung by a fingle perfon,. and exprefllve of grief, MONOGAMIST, S. [from piw, and yafxo;, Gr.] one who difallaws of fecond marriages. MO'NOGR.AM, S. [from («8v9?and yfaf*- i(/a, Gr.] a cypher or character compounded of leveral letters; a fentence in one line; an epigram in one verfe. MO'NOLOGUE, S. [fxno; and Xeyj, Gr.] a fuliloquy. " In motiokgue," Dryd. MONOPETALOUS, Adj. [monofetak, Fr.] in Eotaay, having but one leaf, applied to flowers. MONOTOLIST, S.[inompo!<ur, Fr, from ^cvocand TraXEw, Gr.] one who by engrofling, or patent, has the fole power cf vending any commodity. To MONO'POLIZE,. V. A. to have the fole power of making or felling any commo- dity ; to arrogate to one's felf. MONO'POLY, S. [mo>iofDle,Yr.] the cx- clufive and fole privilege of makiiigand fell- ing any thing. MONO'PTOTE, S. [froraftovoc and nlu- j-ij, Gr.] in Grammar, a noun having only one cafe. MO'NOSTICH, S. [^ovc^lX'^ G"^-] * compofition confiding of a fingle verfe. MONOS^LLh'BICAL, Adj. [from too- ncfyHahh'] cc;:fifHng of but one fyllable. ' MONOSY'LLABLE, S. [from ,i«)yof and fft'XXaCn, Gr.] a word only of one fyllable. MONOSY'LLABLE, Adj. confifting of words of one fyibble. " Monofyllabk lines.'* Fopc. MONOTONY, S. [monctonie, Fr. from /ucvo? and tovo,-, Gr.] a fiult in pronunciation, wherein a long feries of words are delivered- with one unvaried tone, and without any ca- dence. MO'NSTER, S. [mo;:JJre, Fr. movfirum, Lat.J a production or biitli, whcreiu the parts differ from the geneial figure or form of itsfpecics; fomeching liorrible for deformity, , wickcdnefs, or milchrcf. ' ■ T» M O N To MO'NSTER, V. A. to rcprefent "in fo extravagant a manner, as to make appear monftrous. MON-STRCSITY, or MONSTRUO'SI- TY, S, [tnotijirof.ty is moft analogous] the ftate of being out of the common order of nature, or differing from the common idea and flandard of the fpecies, MO'NSTROUS, rtdj. [nwnfreux, Fr. mon- Jir'^fui, Lat.] deviating from the dated order of nature; ftranj;e or wonderful, including diflike ; irregular or enormous. " No niQu- *' firous height^' Pope. Excedlve; (hocking ; hateful. " The acn/^rcai fcorn." Bac. MO'NSTROUSLY, Adv. in a manner that is terrible, fhocking, prodigious, or out of the common order of nature j to a great, exceflive, or enormous degree. MO'NSTROUSNESS, S. the quality which renders any thing or a^ion fhocking, irregular, or enormous. MONIE'TH, S. [from the name of the inventor] a veflcl in which glaiies are walhed. MONTGO'MERY, the capital of the Ifeire of the fame name, in North Wales. I The Welch call it Trefahuyn, or Baldwyn's| town, from its founder, and Montgomery from Roger of that name, earl of Shrew/tury, who built its caflle. It is a large borough, with fome fafhionable houfes, and governed by two b.iilifTs, &c. who, with the confent of Llanidlos, Llanvilling, Mackynlcth, and Welchpool, return one member to parlia- ment. It ftands in the diocefe of Hereford, on the eafyafcent of a high rocky hill, and in a heiilthy air, not far trom the Severn, about 25 miles from Shrewlbury, and 158 from London. MONTGO'MERYSHIRE. one of the counties of North Wales. It is bounded on the N. by the fiiires of Merioneth and Den- bigh, on the E. by Shroplhire, on the S. by Radnor and Cardigan (hires, and on the W. by another part of Merioncthfhiie. It is thirty miles long from E. to \V. and twenty- five broad from N. to S. It contains forty- fcven pariflies, fix market-towns, and near 34,oco iiiliabitaiits, with twenty-five rivtrs, the principal of which arc the Severn, Ta- nat, and Turgh. The air is (harp on its mountains, but pleafant in the valleys j andi is pretty fruitful, efpecially in thofe parts through which the Severn directs its coinfe, the mud from the inundations of which ferve it for manure. Its principal commodi- ties are corn, cattle, horfes, £ifh,fowl, with plenty of pafture. It lies mo(Uy in the dio- cefe of St. Afiph ; but Bangor and Here- ford have fome Ihare in it. This county fends a knight of the (hire, and a member for its capital to parliament. MONTH, S. [pronounced muntb ; from iKonath, Sax. of mona. Sax. the moonj a fpace of time meafurcd by the revolution of the MOO fun or moon, and reckoned the nth part of tJic year. A lunar m-^rnh, is the ;pace between two conjundions of the moon with the fun, or between two moons. A folar month, tho fpace of time wherein the fun revolves through one entire llgn of the ecliptic. The calendar months coiilKt unecjualiy of thirty and thirty-one days, excepting February, which in leap years has twenty-nine, but in other yejrs only tweticy-ei;/;ht days. MO'N THLY, At1j. continuing a month ; performed in a month j happening every month. MO'frrHLY, Adv. once in a month. MO'NUMENT, S. [Fr. mowmemum, Lat.] any diing by which the memory of ptrfons or ;hings is prefcrved. MONUME'NTAL, Adj. prcferving the memory cr remembrance ; belonging to a tomb raifed in honour of the dead. MOOD, S. \Kcde, Fr. modus, Lat.] in Logic, the regular determination of propor- tions according to their quantity or quality., /. e. their univerfjl or particular affirmation or negation. In Mufic, manner or (tile. In Grammar, the dKferent changes a word tin. de\-goes, to fignify the various intentions and afii^tions of the mind. Temper of m.ind ; (late of the mind as afTeifted by padion ; anjer; rage; from mod. Sax. rr.ced, Eelg. mod, Goth. An habitual temper of the mind. MOO'DY, Adj. angry, or out of hu- mour ; mental ; intelle^ual ; belonging to the mind. MOON, S. [mona. Sax. and Ifl. niena, Goth. (MSV1, Gr.J in Aftrono.my, one of the heavenly bodies, a fatellite or Secondary pla- net attendant on the earth, which (lie moves round, as a centre, performing her revolu- tion in 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, in, \ffhich time (he likewife moves round her own axis. Figuratively, a month. In Fcrti- (ication, fomething refembling a crcfaent or half moon : tliis vi'ord is generally ufed iti Comjjofition, either in the laft f;nfe, or for fomething belonging to the moon, MOO'N-EEAM, S, a ray of light darting from the moon. MOO'NtYED, Adj. having eyes a(raed by the revolutions of the moon. Figurative- ly, dimfighted ; purblind. MOO'NLESS, Adj. not enlightened by the moon. MOO'NLIGHT, S. the Kgbt afforded by the moon. MOO'NLTGHT, Adj. enlightened by the moon. " The »;oor/;_g-/;r lliade." Pope. MOO'NSHINE, S. the light cr luftre of the moon. MOO'NSHINE, or MOO'NSHIMY, Adj. [both from a corruption oi Troonfhimnjr^ during the fliining of the moon ; by m»rK of moonliglit, *' You mwnjhine revellers." ^hak. T t » IVIOO'N- M O R M O R MOO'NSTKUCK, Adj. If.natic ; afltftcd with maJnefi by means ol' the moon. MOOR. S. [t'loer, Bclj;. maickr, Teut rarticuhrs, contained under tlie um/erfa! iubjea. iSIO'RAL, S. morality or praftici; of , Sax. «<?'•, Fr »M/r, Lat ] a mirili, fen, the duties of life ; a clo(ftrine, tru'h, or or iw.Ci of Ijn 1 rov red over, or made very moilt with water. A nc^ro, or bl^ck. ; from maurus, L.it. To MOOR, V. A. [from moio-, Lat. n.or-r, Fr. j to faOen a velTcl by anchors or I thcr means. Ncuterly, to be fixed or Ita- t'.onc.i. n(lru£^ion, drawn as a corollary from fable. To MO'RAL, V. N. to moralize ; to make moral ri;fie(flions. MO'RALl^T, S. one wlio teaches or writes on the duties of life. MORA'LITY, S. [niom.'lfe', Fr.l the MCO'RCOCK, S. a fowl ili.a is found on ftience or dodiin- of morahs, or the art moors. MOO'RHEN, S. a water fowl. MOORISH.Adj fei-.ny ; marlhy ; over- flowed. MOO'RL.'\N'D, S. a marfli, or watery ground. MQO'RY, Adj. marfiiy; fenny; wa- tery. MOOSE, S. the large American deer. To MOOT, V. A. [motiiin, mot, gemcf. Sax. J in I aw, to plead a moik canfe ; to ftate a point of law, or arjue a cafe, by way of exercife, fur a degree of barriller in the inns of court, c.died to a>g:ic a moot. A Koot cafe or /oh:t, fuch as may admit dif- pute. MOO'TF.D, Adj. {mcetfcn, mutfin, Belg. )i!:ziii2ie, Ital. miitih, Lat. J in Heraldry, | pluck d up by tile roots. MOO'TKR, S. one (hat argues a moot in an ini! of court j one tliat pleads a motk caule or (fates a cafe. MOP, S. l;nc;;-a, Drit. ;?;.c/;^.-7 , Lat.] an iniUumeiit nfrd by fcivaius in walhinj; floors. c.infifHnj of a on" (lick or handle, at the end of nhich are nailed pii.ces of woollen e oth or locks of wool To MOP, V. A to rub or clem with a mop. To MOPr, r. X. to be Qupid ; to be dro'.vfv ; to be f;)iritief-, in..«nive, or dull. AOi\ely, to mjke a peiioii fpiritlef'. or deli- rious. M0'1'F-P:V E D, Adi blind of one eye. MOl'l'ET, or MO'PSEY, S. a doll made of infjut. f living well and happily, deduced from tiie reafim, nature, and fitn Is of thinjjs, or from the relation in which we (land towards others. To MORALl'ZF, V. A. [r.c/-.-j///>r. Fr.] to apply to the conduct or regulation of our actions ; to explain in fuch a manner as to ccnvey fomc practical truths. Neuterly, to fpeak or write on fuch lubje<fls as may regu- late our anions, conduA, or lives. MORALl'ZiiR, -S. one who explains things in fuch a manner as to convey fomc ufefui truth for the re,:ulation of our lives. MO'ilALLV, Adv in an ethical fenfe, according to the comnion pra£fice of per- fons, or occurrence? of life ; highly, or in a qreat meafurs ; according to the rules of virtue. ; MO'RALS, S. fvvithout a fmgular] con- duifl ; praOice of ,the duties of civil and fo- cial life ; behaviour with refpcift to others. MOKA'.-^S, S. [m<u,ii., Fr. I a fen ; a bog, or trait of land abounding in water. MO'RRJD, Adj. [r>ioil,Uus, Lat.] dif- eafed, oppofed to healthy. MO'RHiDNFSS, S the fiate or quality of being difeafed. MORrrtlC, or MORBI'FICAL, Atij. ( the laft word is feldom ufed ; from hiorf>Ji- que, Fr. or mvLus and fac':o, Lat.] cjuling difcafc!.; injurious to health. MORTjO'S. , Adj. {mo'bofus, Lat.] pro- ceeding from difeafc; unhealthy. MORE, Adj. [the comparative of /'».?, many or much, whofe fupcrlative is mojt\ ; a name of fondnefi for an Igieattr in number, quintity, or degree. MORE, Adv. to a greater degree. Looger, MOTUS, S. [a cant word from jKo/it] a j applied to time. Again, or a (ircond time. L'fcd as a pal tide to form the comparative degree before fuch adjcclives wh.ch, either on account of the length of their fyliablcs, or th.e want of harmony, would not conve- niently admit tiie addition of cr. PklORE'L, S. a plant; likewile a fpecies of large clierry- MO'RELAND, S. \morhu:d, Sax.] a mountain or iiilly country. MORKO'VER, Conj. befides, or beyor.d uliat has been mentioned. MORE'cjK-V/ORK, S. it'. Carving or Painting, confifting of fevcral pieces drone j a dull or inacTlive pcrlbn. " I '* grown a mere m'.fu;.''' .Sii'Jf}. MO'RhL, Adj. f Fr v.-^iiis, L;it ] relat- ing to ttie actions or conJucf of life, or that which determines an .tflion to be good orvir- ttious ; rcafoning, oi drawing inferences, i'o as to promote or indrucf in virtue; popi;iar; generally admitted in tiie ufual occurrences of life. A moia/ im/^j/:/:ii:ry, is a very great or infuperable difficulty, oppofed to a natural impntlibility. A moral cciiainiy or t;[j'ufance, implies a very ftrong probability, and is ufed in contiadicHon to niathcmatieal probabi- lity. In Logic, a moral unn-frfalhy is when I which there is no perfe(n figure, but a wild tlis predicate agrees to the greatelt part of the I reprefcr.tatiou of birds^ beads, C^r. \ MO'RION, M O R M O R MO' HON, S. [Fr.] a helmet or armcrrt '' M6rt<ility my fentence.'" Prr.Lofl. Vm- for the head. MORKIN, S. in Hnntiti<T, a wild hcafl I ihat h s died thrcii^h licknefs cr mifchance.l IMORMO, S. [Gr.] a bugbear, or Ibme- j thing iifcd to fri'^liten perfons. | MORM, S. [mnrti. Sax.] the (irfJ part ofj r' an nature. "■ M>.rt.dity cdnnot bear iu L n-d. MO'RTALLY, Adv. irrecoveral^Iy ; fo . s to be doomed to death j c\trtmely ; ex- reffively. MORTAR, S. [m-y^thr, Fr.] a fl.ong ;he d.iy tVo:Ti fuH-rifc tonoon. Seldom uftd vcfTel made of metal or ftone, in wliich out l,y poets i things are pounded with a peltle. In iM(yR\'ING, .S. l^reygttt, mc-^tn, Sax. | Guimery, a Ihort piece of ordnance, thick mnr^hetiy morvhen, Bclji. moisren, Teut. ]■ the and wide, out of wliich Iiombs or c<;r- firft part of the day, from the appearance of ; cafles are tlir'>wn. In ArchitrOwre i pie- lij^ht till twelve o'clock at noon. Ufed in ; paration of lime and fand mixed wi li wa- Compoiltion for any tiling* belonging to, or ter, ufed by mafons and brickljyets as a uled in the morninii;. cement in building walls, (s'c. ficm moiter, MO'RNI.VG-GOWM, S. a locfe go^wn,'"elg. nfed iiefore a perfon is drelicd for appearing j MO'RTGAGE, .*?. [from >v«r/, Fr. and pnblickly. '^■''^'> f^""-] ^ pledi;e or pjwn of laniis and te- MO'RN'ING-ST'AR, S. the planet Venus, I nementp for money borrowed, fij named when fhe appears in the morn- To M(J'RTG.AGE, V. A. to pledge, ing. I pawn, or make over to a creditor as a fecu- MORO'SE, Adj. \ri-rop s, Lat.] four ofj rity. temper ; not eafiiy pleuii^d, and foon dil-j MORTGAGET, S. ihe perfon who re- guded. j ceivcs lands or tenements as a pawn or fecu- MORO'SFLLY, Adv. in a four, peevilh] rity "or monkey lent. manner. " ~ MORO'SENESS, S. foiirnefs ; peevifn- nefs. MORO'SrTY, S. \n:src,':tas, Lat.] fjur- rcfs c^r pecvinincn;. MO'RRIS, or MO'RRIS-DANCE. S. f for K.!;c'7y2' cr morlfo danre^ a kind of djnce in which the perfon gi^ejes bells fewed to his clodths, piMclifed bv the Moors, and re- fembhtfg the Pyrrhic dance mentioned by ciafTic authors. MO'RPHPLW, S. \mcrph-:e, Fr. morfia, Ital. I a fcurf on the face. MO'RROW, S. [n:orgcn. Sax. ri'^rghcn, Belg. ] the day after th? prefcnt day. To- mer n-zu, an adverbial exprefnon, implying ] thing or occurrence that fills the mind with on the day after tlie prefcnt ; from to-mtngtn, vexjtion or uneafincfs. Sax. Sometimes it is ufed as a fubftantive. ** fo-nu-roiv is the time." i^'pcEi. ]VIOR.>E, S. [mo'jus, Lat j a waltroD or fea-borfe. MCVRSPU., fi. fa diminutive from pur- MOR 1 GAGER, S. a perfon who mort- gages or pawns his lands. WORTl'FEROUS, Adj [won, and /re, Lat. ] deftriictve. MORriFFCA'TION, S. [Fr.] in .Sur- gery, a diieafe v.herein the natural juices lofc their proper motion, ferment, and deflroy the texture of the parts. In Phai mscy, the a<f\ of deflioying the aiftive qualities of iiny thing, applied to the killing quickfilver, and uniting it with turpentine. The aA of keep- ing in a (h;te of fubjc(ftion, applied to the palTions. Tlie a£t of fuhduing the l)ody by abliinciice or liardlhips, in a religious view, in order to lefTcn the ftreneth of lulls. Any ToAIO'RlIFY, V. A. [vxrti/;,; Fr.] to rob of all the vital qualities. In Pharma- cy, to deflroy the a^ln'C and eflential quali- ties, applied to the killing of quickfilver, fo as to unite it with turpcntina or fpittle. 'I'o jY.Jw. Fr. from mo>- fit s, Lat.] a fmall piece ;' fubdue inordinate p.ifli.ins ; to keep the body a piece fit for the mouth; a monthtul ; a low !,y lilxuir and abflinence, in order to meal : a fmall quantity. render its affections more compliant to rea- MO'RSUUE, S. [Fr. morjura, Lat.] the] fon, and to atone for former fins ; to hum- aft of biting. ble, dejeft, or ve.x. Neuterly, to corrupt or P.IORT, S. [morte, Yt. mors, »/crr/j, Lat.] turn to a gangrene j to be fubdiied; to die in Hunting, a tune founded at the death of awaV- game ; a great quantity, from morgt, 111. gre it : a low word. MO'P.TAL, Adj. [mcrte!, Fr. rrrtalh, Lat. I fubjeft to death ; deftruftive, or cauf- ing death ; human, or belonging to man. " Morral ear." Pi:r. Lo/l. ExcelTivc; violent. *' A m-.rtal fright." Vryd. 1 lie laft lenfc is low. MO'RTAL, S. a man or human being. MORTA'HTY, S. the ftate of a Icing fi-bjeit to death. «f igurativcly, death. MO'RTISE, S. [mcrtrife, morilfe, Fr.] in Carpentry, a hole cut in wood, in order for another piece to be kt into it, and fcrm a joint. To MO'RTISE, V. A. to cut or join with a moitife. MO'RTMANf, S. [from n-om; Fr. and m.iin, Fr. ] in Law, (ucli a (late of poflLflion as makes it unalienable, and therefore fjid to be in dead hand, becaufe it cannot lie re{h;r- cd to the donor, or to any common or tcm- T t 3 _ poial MOT MOV poral ufe : the word is generally applied to I or female. Figuratively, that which lias fuch lands as are given to any religious houfe, ' ' ' corporation, &c. MO'RTRESS, S. a difh compofed of meats of vaiious kinds pounded together. MO'RTUARY, S. t ?n'>-t:.are, Fr.] in Law, a git't left by n perfon at his death tol fpecks of a white colour in liquors, of warj/f;-, his parifh church, in lieu of perfonal tythesi Belg. from modder, Belg. mud. produced any thing. That which has pre- ceded in rime, or requires reverence. " A " mother church. '' A queen motkcr is the fame as a queen dowager, or one whofe hufband is dead. A thick fubftance, appearinu like neglected to be paid in his life time; in fome places, a bciO^ or other movcabie chattel, as are, by cuftom, due on the death of a per- fon, and (tiled by this name. MOSA'JC, or MOSA'IC WORK, S. \mo{a\'j.ie, Fr.] r.n aflemblage of little pieces of gl.ifs, marble, iheils, and precious itones of varions colours, ceniented on a ground of MO'THER, Adj. native i that which a perfon receives at his birth. MO'THER OF PEARL, S. a kind of coarfe pearl made of the fhell of fuch fillies as generate pearls. IVIO'THERHOOD, S. the office, con- dition, flute, or quality of a mother. MO'THER LESS, Adj. having no mo- flucco, and ini.tatins; picture.";, both in form,' thrr ; robbed of a mother by death. natural colours^ and the fliaaes made ufe of in paintings. MO'^Ql'E, S. [Fr. ir.t^^gd, or v-ejchul, Turk. J a temple, wherein the Mahomme- dans perform their devotion. m6.SS, S. \men. Sax. »;://>ai, Lat.] a plant of the parafite kind growing on the bzrks of trees, ^c. To MOSS, V. A. to cover with mofs. MO'SSINESS, S. the flate of being co- vered or overgrown with mofs. MO'SSY, Adj. covered or overgrown with mofs . MOST, Adj. fthe fuperlative of jme, jna";', much. Such words as confifr nf many fyllables, or would found harOi v.ith the ad- iiition off/?, receive this word before them in the fuperlative, as fhifu!, mere f'uiful, moji fitiful] confining of the greatest number, quantity, or degree. MOST, Adv. f;;;r7/?.-, Goth. rro-;?. Sax. r.e:JJ, Belg. ntjl, Dan.] in the greatclt de- cree. Sometimes ufed as a fubdantive, and is either fmguLr or plural. Foiiowcd by cf, and uftd partitively, fignifics thegreater num- ber, and is plural. " Afj/? of the churches." ^ddif. Ufed with naie, it fignifies the gre:it- efi value, or advantage, and is lingular. " Makes the kcJi of what he h.^s " UL'Jirarge. "When preceded by^.', it fignifics the greau-fl degree or quantity. "Some months a.t the ♦' tr.cft:' Bac. MO'STICK, S. ffrom. ».-5^V«, Teut.l r, painter's flick, en which he leans his hand when he paints. MO'STLY, Adv. for the greatefi part ; gcncndiy. MOTE, S. [mete. Sax.] a fmall particle ef matter j a duft or atom ; or any thing very fmall. MOTH, S. {ntoth, Sax. motte, Belg.] a fmall winged \nk€i which eats cloaihs cr hanging.^; a winged infect of divers colours, diflir.guifhed from a butterfly by its horns, which run tapering from their root. MO'THER, S. [pronounced mutter; mo- ther, tnoder. Sax. Ktidre, Ital. mare, Fr.] a MO'THER:. Y, Adj. belonging to, or be- coming a mother. MOTHERLY, Adv. after the manner of a rfaother. MO'THERY, Adj. full of dregs ; having white concretions, applied to liquors. MO'THY, Adj. full of moths j eaten by moths. MO'TION, S. [Fr. metio, Lat.] the art of chang ng place ; the manner of moving the body j gait ; change of pofture, or ac- tion ; thought or tendency of mind j a pro- pofal ; z.\\ inipulfc communicated. Natural »:'jt':on, is that which has its moving force or principle within tlie moving body, i'^hkrt tr.ctlo:, is that wliofe principle afls from without. Abfolure victkn, is the change or abfoiute fpace in any moving body, whofe celeiity is me.if.ired by tlie quantity of abfo- iute fpace, which the movealle body runs through. Rehil-ue metier:, is the change of a relative or vulgar f-;^?.ce cf the human body, whofe cclcr.ty is meafuied by the quantity of relative fp.ice run ihrough. MO'TIONLESS, Adj. without motion» MO'TiVE, Adj. [wrof/Wi, Lat.J caufing motion ; having the power to move or change platfe. MO'TIVE, S. [motif, Fr.] that which determines the choice, or incites to atflion ; a mover. MO'TLY, Adj. [fuppofed to be corrupted from medley^ of Various colours. MO'TOR, S. [meteur, Fr. from mcveo^ Lat. to move] a mover. MO'TORY, Adj. [motorhs, Lat.] caufing motion. MO'TTO, S. [Ital.] a fentence added to a device, or any wri:ing. To 1\I0VE, V. A. [pronounced move ; fnm vic-veo, Lat.] to put out of one place into another ; to put in motion. To give an impulfe to ; to propofe ; to lecommend ; to perfuade or prevail on, applied to the mind. To affert ; to Air Hp or excite tendernefs or any paffion ; to make angry 5 to put into commotion. " All the city was mo'v/d.'" woman that has borne a child, whether malcVRutb i. 9, Ncutcrly, to go from one place to M O U .t« anothei' ; to change places j to walk ; to go forward. MO'VEABLE, AJj. capable of being moved, or carried from one place to another. Changing, er not always happening on the fcime day of the month or year, applied to the feafts obferved by the church. MO'VF.ABLES, S. (it has no lingular: mouNes, Fr.] goods or furniture : diftinguilh- cd from houfes, lands, or other hereditary poflcfTions. MO'VEABLEVESS, S. the quality of be- ing poflible to be moved, or .carried out of one place into another. M'OVEABLY, Adv. fo as it may be moved. AIO'VELESS, Adj. unmoved ; not to be put out of its place ; not to be put in mo- tion. MO'VEMENT, S. [mcuri<emf>it, Fr.] the manner of moving ; motion ; any thing which moves : gencrjUy applied to the parts, of a watch, or other machine. MO'VENT, Part, [movens, Lat.] in mo- tion . MO'VENT, £. thqt which puts any thing into motion,. MO'VER, S. f pronounced, like the other derivatives from mo-jiie, as if writ'en moove] the perfon or thing that gives motion j fome- thins in motion; a propofer. MO'VING, Part in motion. Figurative- ly, pathetic, or can fin g pity and compaflion. ' MO'VINGLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to caufe pity andxompaftion. MOULD, S. l,noegd, Swed.] a kind of concretion on the top of fuch things as are damp, and without motion, at prefent difco- vered by microfcopes to be a perfeft plant ; ,carih, in which any thing grows, from molde, Sax. Muter of wliich any thing is made; the matrix in which anything is cafl: or (haped, from mcLi, Brit, nmule, Fr, Caft, form, or difpofition ; the future of the fcull, wherein the feveral bones meet. MOU'LDABLE, Adj. capable of being formed or fhaped j liable to be mouldy. MOU'LDER, S. one that (hapes, or fafhions. To MOU'LDER, V N. [from mdde. Sax. duft] to turn to duft ; to crumble. MOU'LDINESS, S. the ftate of being mouldy, or contracting a whitifli concretion on account of being in a damp place. MOU'LDING, S. an ornamental cavity cut with a chillel in wood or (lone. In Ar- chite<rture, the jettings or proje<ftnres beyond the level of a wall, column, wainfcoat, l^c. the alTemblage of which formssornices, door- cafes, and other decorations. MOU'LDY, Adj. covered with a kind of white down, by (landing in a moift place, or Ijcing expofed to moill air. MOU'UN£T, S. [Fx. a diminutive of M O U vtoulin, Fr, a niillj in Mechanics, a roller crofled with two levers, which is applied, to cranes, capfterns, andotlier engines, to heave up timber, heavy ftoncs, of. In Fortifica- tion, a kind of turnRile or wooden crofs, turning horizontally on a wooden ftake fi.xed in the ground. To MOULT, V. N. [muyun, Belg. kuc; Fr.] to liied or change feathers, applied to birds. MOUNE, S. \maen, Brit. wo«j, Lat. mnn- Jijii, Sax. J a bank, rampart, or other fence of earth. ]n Heraldry, a ball or globe with a crofs upon it, with which our kings aie ge- nerally drawn : from v.onde, Fr, or mundus, Lat. To MOUND, V. A. to fortify or defend wiili a rampait^cr bank of earth. MOUN'I", S. [mont^ Fr. n'.ov.i, moms, Lat.] a mountain, or fmall hill ; an artificial hill raifed in a garden ; the painted paper or lea- ther glued to the (ticks of a fan. To MOUNT, V. N. [monta; Fr] to afcend, or rife upwards ; to tower, or be built to a great height ; to get on horfcback ; to come to, when added together, from a- mount. " See to what they;«o«K/." Pope. Ac- tively, to raife in the air ; to lift or force upwards ; to afcend or climb ; to place on horf>.back. "To mount guard, to do du y or watch at any particular place. Tomount cannon, to let a piece on its wooden frame, for the more eaiy manageir,ent and firing of it. MOU'NTAIN, S. [tncntagne, Fr. mvr.ta<ina, Ital.j a part of the eartJi, rifing to a confi- derable height above its furface. MOU'NTAIN, Adj. built on a mountain j growing or iituated on mountains ; belong- ing to a mountain. MOUNTAINE'ER, S. one who lives on a mountain ; a favnge ruilic or frce-booter. MOU'NTAINET, S. [a diminutive from mountain] a hillock, or fmall mountain. " Like two fair w</.-«M;>i.Y5." i^ldnif. John- fon recommends this word as elegant, though not in ufe. MOU'NTAINOUS, Adj. hilly, or full of mountains. Figuratively, large ; huge ; in bulk as big as a mountain, " Mountainous " error." MOU'NTAINOUSNESS, S. the quahty of being full of mountains. MOU'NTANT, Adj. \_mountant, Fr.] rifmg or fwelling upwards. MOU'NTEBANK, S. \monimehanco, Ital.] a perfon who vends medicines in public pLccs, and harangues the mob from a bench or llage. Figuiativcly, nny vain preteiidrr. MOU'NTER,S,onewhoclimbsorafcen,ds. MOU'NFY, S. [;«£-«?«, Fr.J the afccnt 'of a hawk. To MOURN, V. N. [pronounced w^rn; murnan. Sax. morne, Vr.] to grieve or be for- rowiul ; to wear the drefs of borrow ; to T t 4 prefers? MOW f refcrv'C sn appearance of grief. AAu'tiy, to grieve for or lament. MOURNF, S. [mor'ie. Fr.] the roimd end ef a ft-tf; the pnrt of a lance to which the iteel or head is fixed. MOUR'NER, S. one that fhews prlef or forrow ; one th^t follows a funeral in black. ' MOU'RNFUL, Adj. caufing forrow ; j feeling forrow ; having the appearance of i lorrow ; difmal, or cxpreflive of grief. j MOU'RNFL'LLY, Adv. in a forro-.vful ir.annrr. MOU'RNFULNESS, S. forrow ; the ap- penrince of forrow. | MOU'RNING, S- forrow, grief ; a drefs wft.n by perfons n-heu they have loft a rela- tion, Gff.by death. MOU'RNIMGLY, Adv. in a forrowful n^anncr. MOUSE, S. fp'"''''' ''•''^) *"""^y I'l- P'"' rAtrye; wvj. Six.] i little animal haunting lioiifes and corn fields ; the prey of cats. ^ To MO'J^F,, V. A. ',!nt:yjc-!, Belg. n:r.i'jcn. Tent.] tocdtch mice ; to be tly, inlidiou-; or upon the cr-.u-h. " A whole, aflembly of " ;;.•;://;•■•" f.»i"ts." UEJl jnge. MOUSK-HUNT, S. one that hunts mice. «' You have been a mcnfe-curt." Shai. MOU'SE-HOLF,, ^. a hole through which iTi re find their pall.'.ee; a fmall hole. MOU'SER, S. one that catches mice. MOUTH, S. [munths, Goth, whence! fru:.b. Sax.] in Anatomy, th*t part of tbe| f^ce which confifts of the" lips, gums, and the infide cf the cheeks, at which the food is| received ; an opening, or that p.irt of a veflcl j by which it is filled or emptied 5 that part of a river by which it is entered from the lea. Fig'Jrativtly, a fpeuker or orator. «« Some particular ftatefman who is the " moutb of the ftreet." Mdif. To make m'xithi, is a diftortion of the features ; a wry face made in contempt. " Making •' r-e:i*hi." Adt'.if. Doivn in_the mouth, im- plies drjc(fled. To MOUTH, V. A. to utter with a voice afT-flcdly big, applied to fpeech._ 'J o chew cr jrrind in I he mouh, applied to eating. 'Jofeize in or with the mouth ; to form bythc mouth. MOU'THED. Adj. having a mouth ; de- livered with -n affirmed grandeur or bionef'; of voice. In C')mpor!ti(.n,/>.'//-w'-j/f/;f^ implie.^ iifn-ig s^i^if'^'e 'a:^?.''''o«- l^-ia!y ».oic:hed, re- ftr.iined hv h ■(h.'"ulr.rrs of fpeaking. MOUTH-FRIEND, S. o. e who pro- fefles fiiendfhip without pri<nifing it. " You • ' Y'^niof m;inh-f>leiids" Hhck. MOU'THFUL, S. as much as the mouth c?ii contain ; -iny fmill cjuantity. MOL" THLE S. Adj. witiiout a mouth. Tv;()\V, S. a loft or chjmi>er where hay or corn is laid up. Hav in mow properly fig- nifljs h:ty laid in a houfc. H.iy in rick, that whWi is heaped roucther in a fild ; but this ■ diiluiition is not always olifcrYttd. MUD To MOV/, V. A. to heap together or p'lt in a mow. Neuterly, to heap up cr gather in the harvefi. To MOW. V. A. [pronounced ».'9, preter 7r-iu(d, participle paflive mcnvn ; from mnivan. Sax.] to cut "ith a fcy'he Figuratively, to cut down \v *h fpced or violence. To MO'WBURN, V. N. to ferment and heat in the mow for want of being dry. 1 M(''WF,R, S. one \\ho ruts with a fcythe. 1 MUUH, Adj. [mahts, Goth, muni, Sax. Iwi'.r^, Pcliv.] lar^je, applied to quanaty; long, I applied to time ; many, applied to number. MUC;H, Adv. in a •:rcat deg! ec : by far; I to a certain degree. Often or long, applied I to time. MUCH, S. a great deal. ^^Ul(ltude, ap- plied to number ; abundance, applied to 4U«ntiiy. fiomrthiiig ftrange, uncommon, or deferving notice. " It is wuik, that one, " Gff. i'flt. To make much of, figuifies t(» tren with great refptO, fondnefs, or tender- n?fs. MU'CTD, Adj r^r;r;VKs,Lat 1 nimv mutlv. MUCIDNESS^ S. fliminefs.'or muflintfs. MUML.'lGE, S. [Vr. muciUgo, Lat.] a fiimy or vLI-ous m itter. MUCILA'GI.NOUS, Adj. [irucUaglrcux; Fr.] (limy ; vifcous. Mu.iLg^-vcus glam.s, sets a numerous fit of elands in the joints. I MUCILA'GINOU^NESS, S. the quality of being (I'my or vifcous. I ^lUt K, S. [mecx. Sax mog, Dan.] dung I ufed for improving lands. Figuratively, low, I mean, or bafe. j To MUCK, V. A. to dung. MUCK, Adj. {,r.okrac, RufT mckro and I moior, ScIhv.] wet or moift. As tvec as iKuct, or to be jnuck wr, implies the being as wet with \v:iter or rain, ?.s if one's clualhs were ficeped in either. MU'C-KEN'DER, S. a hardkerchief to blow the nofc in. MU'> KINESS. S. naflinefs ; fihh ; the quality or ftate of a muckender, which has been much ufed. MU'CKS'VEAT, Adj. rSee JWini, ad- [ied^ivt] a profufe fweat, which is vifibie and ! makes a pei fon very wet. I MU'CKWORM, Adj. a worm that lives ilndiinv;. Figuratively, a mifa". MU'CKY,"Adj. [mucus, Lat.] nafty, cr filthv. MU'COUS, Adj. [muccfus, Lat.J filmy, or viicous. MU'COUSNESS, S. the quality of being ilimv or vifcr-us. MU'CRO, S. fLat,] a point. "Ihemucro " or point of the ht-art " /Jrnvr. MUCRONATED, Adj. pointed. " Mu- " frp/7i;rf<^orterminatino in a point.'' H^codiv, ' MUD, S. \mud, Brit. ac(ording to Davis from Hch. modde, Belg. \ the flime, or moift earth at the bottom of water ; the duft or dirt of roads niadcjvct with rain or water- I ^ To MUG M U L To MUD, V. A. to bury in flinic or 1 plant, ufed in the dilorders incident to the niiid ; to make the water foul by diftiirbing ! fair lex. tl;c mud ; to dafli or daub with mud. MU'GGY, Adj. [mogu^t. Arm.] moid ; MU'DLMLY, Adj. with foulnefs ordiflur-jdimpidi ; mou dy. Gloomy, applied to bid mud and fediment. I weather. ML''i:)lDlNESS, S foulnefscaufedbymud, MULA'TTO. S fSp3n mulnt, Tv.muhs, drci'S or Icilinieijt 1 'lo MU'DDLF,, V. A to make foul or muddy. Figuratively, to make half drunk ; cloud or flupify. MU'DOY, Adj. foiled or daubed witli mud ; foul with mud, dregs, or fedimcnrs. Figuratively, dark, oppofcd to bright. Cloudy or dull, applied to the mind. Impure; dark; giofs. To MU'DDY, V. A. to make liquors foul fey dillurhins; the mud, dregs, or Icdiments at the bi)ttom ; to make muJdy ; to cioud ; to diflurb. MU'DSUCKF.R, S. a fea fowl, with two toes joined, and fo called from its manner of hfe. To MUE, V. A. [n:::er, Fr.] to moult or change the feathers. MUFF, S. lw;/jf, Swed, mcffi,muffc, Belg. tnouffe, Fr.] a kind of covering made of hair or feathers, ufed to keep the hands warm in the winter. MUFFETRE, S. [a diminutive of w//^] a kinJ of Ihort muff made of worfted knit, and worn upon the wrift to keep that part of the fliirt clean. MU'FFIN, S. a kind of light cake, made ^ jn Yorkfliiie, of the befl fiour, mixed with milk, &c. To MUFFLE, V. A [muffle, Fr] to cover in order to defend from the weather ; to blindfold ; to fallen up the mouth of a Lat.J one that has a black and a white tor his parents. MU'LCERRY,orMU'; BERRY-TREE, S. [morLt/lf, SaK. j a tree bearing a berry or fruit, formed fumewlijtlike a pine apple, uud afibrding a delicious j lice. MULCT, S. [muiaa, r,at.] a fine, or fum of money wh.ich a perlbn is fentcnced to pay for lome crime. jo mulct, V. A. to fentence a perfon to payor forfeit a fyni of money for the coui- miilion of a crime. MULE, S. Ymulc, mi/if, Fr. mula, Lat.] an animal generated by an afs and a mare, or by a horfe and a Ihe-als. MU'LETil'ER, S. [v-uhtUr, Fr. »«//o, Lat.] one tiiatdiives nniks. MU'LIER, S, I Lat. a woman] in Law, a perfon begotten before, but born after mar- riage, and reckoned lawful or legitimate. MLLIE'BRITY, S. [r,:rlebris, 1-ar.] wo- manhood ; the character and manners of a woman. To MULL, V. A. [md.'hus, Lat,] to foften or difpirit, as wine is when heated or fwectcned. " M«//'(/ deaf, ileepv, infenfible." To warm any liquor, but efpecially Shak. v.ine. MU'LL.'V^, S. moi'Imr, Fr ] a ftonc flat at the bottom, and roundilh at the top, with which any powder isgroimd on a marble: at prcfeiit, improperly called a mullet. An in- dogwith leathern thongs to prevent his biting, j (iiumcnt ulcd by glafs-grinders, confifHug of figuratively, to hide, conceal, or involve. | a piece of wood, to one end of which is ce- To MU'FFLE V.N. [iKjfflen, TO,.'^r/f,i, i mented the glafs ta be ground. Belg.] to fpeak inwardly ; to Ipeak inartieu- ML'LLET, S. [trt^Irr, Fr.] a fea-fi(h. lately, or in fuch a manner ai hardly to be In Heraldry, a bearing in f.imi of a flat rowel underflood. ip"'' 'living five points, ufed generally as the MU'FFLER, S. a cover for the face; a ' diiUnguiiliuig mark of the lourth fon, or rover made of thongs, put over a dog's mouth I third brother or houfe. to prevent his biting. MU'LLYGRUliS, or MU'LGRUBS, S. MU'FTI, S. flnik.] the patriarch or a twilling of the gurs, fo called from the high-pricft of the 7vlahommedan leligion re- fymptomatic fever attending it ; from r:u^l, fjding at Conflantinople. i or mn/, Brit, warm : low word. MUG, S. a vellel to drink in, applied to MULSE, S. [tutu'fum, Lat.) a liquor made thofe w hich are made of earthen ware, china, or filver. MU'GIFNT, Part, {mugkts, Lat.] bel- lowing. " A///^;. nf iioife." Brown. MUGGLEfO'NlAN, S. a profcflbr of the principles of Lndo«ic Muggleton, a jour- neyman laylor, who lived about 1-57, and with his adocijte Reeves fet up for great prophets, pretending to an abfoluie power ot facing af d danining whom they plcafcd, and aflcrti'ig that they were the two lull witntfles of God which fhould appear before the end of ihc uoild. ML'GWORT, S. [n^ug-rvyrf. Sax.] a of wine, or water and honey boiled together. MULT, a fyllable ufed in compolition, contraOed fronj m.ifm, Lat. much. MULTA'NGULAR, Adj. [Unm mn/iu,, Lat. and an^;(/«i, Lat j having many angles or corners. MULTA'NGULARLY, Adv. with many corners or angles. MULTa'NGULARN'ESS, the quahty of having many angles or corners. MULT1CA'PSUL->R, Adj. [from ««//.-/.-, Lat. and capjuU, Lat.] having many capfules or cells. MULTIFA'RIOUS, Adj. [multirjnus, "Lat.J M U L Lat.] vnt-ioKS ; cotriplicate ; having a vaiicty or divciTitT in iriclf ; infevcrai rcfpefls. MULTIFA'RIOUSLY, AUv. in a variety ofrefpettsj in a complicate manner j with mnkiplicity. MUL'IIFA'RIOUSNESS, S. multiplied <iiverfitY, ov Vi'.riety. MU'LTlFID,m-lVlULT!FI'DOUS,Adj. [mr.h'fr'us, Lat.] having, many partitions ; cleft or divided into many branches. MU'LTIFORM, Adj. [p:iil:tfor:riry La:t.] having various fhapes, forms, or appearances. *' The v.uk'iform and amazing operations.^' ^NJLTILA'TERAL, Adj. [from ^uhui, and lavs, larsris, Lat.] having many fides. MULTINOMIAL, or MULTINO'Air- NAL, Adj. [ff?i;.'>;/J, Lat. and roiren, iicnAnh, Lat.] havino; many n.->.mes. MULTl'PAROUS, S. [mulnfarus, Lat.] fcringingmanv at a birth. MULTIPA'RTITE, Adj. [muhij^oHrtm, Lat.] div!:ied into many parts. MU'LTJl^LE, or MU'LTIPLFX, Adj. [Lat.] manifold. In Arithmetic, applied to X njmbcr which contains another fevcral «imes : thus, two is the multiple of fi.s, be- caufc it contains it three times. MULTIPLI'ABLE, Adj. [Fr.] capable of beinf inuUipiied. MULTIt--LI'ABLENE?S, S. tlie quality of heinj; capable ta be multiplied. MU'LTirLICABLE, Adj. [from w.'/W- flko, Lat.] capable of being n-iul tiplied in arithmetic. MULTIPLICA'ND, S. [nuhflkandus, Lat.T tlie nu'.iiber given to be multiplied. MULTI'PLICATE, AHj. [„:u!;ipluatus, Lat. ] multiplied j confiding of more than •ne. MULTIPLICA'TION, S. [Fr.mulfpli- cat'io, Lat] the aft of increafing any j^um- ber by adding more of the fame klid. In Arithmetic, the increafing any one number by another, as often as there are Baits in the tiumb'r !)V which it is increafed. MUL T IPLICA'TOR, S. [Lat. mdflplka- teur, Fr.j the number given to multiply an- other by. MULTIPLrCIOU.«;, Adj. {r^uHpkx, L?t. itnul;ipiier, Fr.] manifold. " Milt'plicioui or »' m;'ny." Bro-x-.-n. To MULTIPLY, V. A. [vmltifrier, Fr.] tr> increafe in number by the addition or pro- iduft'on of more of the f^me kind, to work a fum in multiplication. Neutcrly, to propa- gate, or increafe in number. MULTIPO'TLNT, Adj. [from rrnltum, znd potcns, Lat ] having a manifold power, or power to perform many different tilings. *' By fove tmi/i- fount.'" Sbui. MUL'I IPRK'SENCE, S. [mu/ius, Lat, and pr/rf:ntia, Lat. ] the power or aft of being in feveral place? at one »nd tiie I'arpf time. " Muhif-f-feni-e of .Chrifl's body." Hall. MUM MULTI'SCIOU.S, Adj. [muttijdu!, Lat.] having a variety of kno\\led2e. ML'LTISl'LIQUOUS, Adj. [from «-/- fus, Lat. and jCiij:,^, Lat.] havirig many pods. In Botany, applied to fuch plants as liave, after each flower, manydiftinft, long, .flcnder, crooked cai'es or pcds, in which their feed is contamed, which open of thcmfclvei uhen ripe, and kt the feed drop^ MULTl'SONOUS, Adj. [multifoJtu:,Lit.] havinc; ni-ny founds. ML'LTITUDE, S. [Fr. multifudo, Lst.] the ftate of !>eing many, or more tha.i one ; a great number ; a crowd or thronjj of feve- ral pcrfons aflen-.blcd together ; the vulgar, MULTITU'OINOU'S, Adj. having the appearance of a great number or multitude ; manifold. MULTI'ViOrs, Adj [multus, Lat. and 'via, L-tt.j having many ways ; manifold. MULTO'CULAR, Adj. [multu!, Lat. and orrhis, Lat .J having many eyes. "" Flies arc " mulsocuUr." Dei h. MUM, fnterj. [when pronounced it leaves the lips c'lofed, and may, on account of that circumflaricc, be ufed to command filencej filence ! hulh ! a u-ord ufcd to ei:prefs a com- m3nd or refolution not to fpeak. MLM, S. \v:uinr., ir.umme, Belg.] a ftrong pleafant liquor imported from Brunfwic, brewed ^.-o u «heat, oats, and ground beans. To A;UvinLE, V. N. [n-.oifipckn, Belg. memletc, Rufl.J to fpeak inwardly ; to mut- ter ; to chew in an aukward manner for want of teeth J to bite foftly ; to eat with the lips clofed. MU'MBLER, S. one that chews aukward- ly for want of teeth j one that grumbles or mutters. MU'MBLINGLY, Adv. in an articulate or muttering manner i in fuch a manner as fcarce to be heard. To MUMM, V. A. [viommett, Belg. |Ui,M3f, Gr.l to malk ; to frolick or play tricks ia mail]uer.-.de. " AV'iih mumming and with ■' mafking." IJubherd. MU'MMER, S. [See Maww] a mafker ; one who performs frolics in mafquerade ; onswho mimics or perfonates any charafter. MU'.MIMERY, S. [mommeiie, Fr.j mafque- rade ; the frolics played at a mafquerade ; foolery i mimicry. r.IU'MMY, S. [iHumie, Fr. mumia, Lat.] ill Pi'pular Language, a dead body embalna- ed, and preferved after the Egyptian man- ner. In Medicine, tl>€ flelh of a body that has been embalmed, or the liquor running from embalmed bodies when newly prepared. To Lcat to mummy, is to beat fo as the flefll (hall appear very much bruifed. To MUMP, V. A. [Kompclen, Belg.] to nibble, bite quick, or to chew with a conti- nued motion ; to talk Jo_w and quick. To go a begging, in cant language. MU'i\ir£R; S. [a cant wordj a beggar, MUMPS, J M U R MUMPS, S. [from mwrpekti, Belg.] ful- lennefs ; filent anger or dilcontent. To MUNCH, V. A. [v^i^ger, Fr.] to chew by great mouthfiUs. Ncutcily, to chew ravenoufly. MU'NCIIER, S. one that eats greedily, or by great mouthiuls MUND, in proper names, is deiived from rtitin'h, Sax. peace; thus munbiich, is what lawyers make ufe of for a breach of the peace. Eadmund, now written Edmund, fignifies happy peace : from ead. Sax. happy, and }KU7:d, Sax. peace. MU'NDANE, Adj. [murdamis, I.at.] be- longing to the world. MUN'DATORY, Adj. [from mundus,Ut..] having the power to cleanle. MU'NDJC, S. a Icind oF ro^ircafitc found in tin mines, and fo named in Girnwail, MUNDIFICA'TION, S. [fmm mundus, 3Lat. andyiido, i-at.] the acft of clea-rifing any body trom drofs or fcdimcnt. M'JNDI'FICATIVE, Adj. [See Mundlf- cat'ion] having the power tocleanfe. To WU'NDIFY, V. A. [See Mundijicationi tocleanfe, purify, or make clean. To MUNt'RATE, V. A. [munerattim, I.at.] to reward. MUNERATION, S. a reward or recom- penfe. MU'NGRFX, S. See McPi^rcl. MU'NGREi., Adj. gL-nerated between ani- mals of difTereut fpccics j bafe born j dege- nerate. MUNl'CIPAL, Adj. \munkiphm, Lat.] belonging to a corporation. Confined to a particular city or borough, applied to laws. ML'NFFICENCE, S. [Fr. mumfctmla, Lat.] the a<n of giving money and piefeiUs, or of doing acflsef liheraHty. _ MUNI'FICENT, Adj. [mumfcus, Lat. J Jil)eral ; generous. MUNFflCENTLY, Adv. liberally} ge- neroufly. MU NIMENT, S. \munimenuim, Lat.] a fortification, or flrong-hold ; fupport, or de- fence. " With other inuruneim and petty ♦' helps." Shak. MU'NION, S. the upright port that di- vides the feveral lights in a window frame j ^Vcm munio, Lat. to fortify. To MUNI'TE, V. A. [rnmUus, oi mtuik, Lat.] to fortify; to ftrengthen j to defend. MUNl'TJON, S. [Fr. n.unhw, Lat.] a fortification or ftrong-ho'd. " Cuftles, gar- *' n.'.jns, OTf/»;7;'o«j." HaU. Aminimition.or flores for carrying on a war. " What men " provided, ^'h^^t munition fent." Shak. MU'RAGE, S. [munis, Lat. J money paid for keeping walls in repair. MU'RAL. Adj. [7Tiurans, Lat.] belonging to a wall ; made in the form of a wall. Mural croivn, \vas an honorary reward given by the ancient Romans to the foldiers who 6i^t fcaled the walls of an ^imy'« dty. M U S MU'RDER, S, [mautur; Goth, mcnhfr, wez-d't'/-, Sax.] the ait of wilful nnd feloni- ously killing a perfon upon malice or forc- thouolit. Te MU'RDER, V. A. \rwna7,, Goth, mort'-atic, Sclav.] tj kill a man willfully, fclo- nioully, and of a malice forethoiii.ht. Fici-i- rntivelj, to deflroy, or put an end to. MU'RDERER; S. [vwrdar, Boh. ».-./- derz, Pol. 7i:onhtL'yyta, Sax. J ore who kills another wilfully, felonioufly, and with ma- lice forethought. MU'RDERESS, S. a woman who kills ti perfoB felonioudy, wilfully, and with malice torethought. MU'RUEROUS, Adj. guilty of murder ; cruel ; bloody j addidted to ftcddhig human blood. To MURE, v. A. \tnvrer, Fr.] to run up or build a wall ; to inclofe or confine with- in walls. " All the gates of the city were "mured up." K7iolks. JvIU'R KY, Adj. daikifh ; obfcure ; cloudy. MU'Rr,1UR, S. (de.i^Tdfrom the found j nnnpuive, Fr. nn^rmur, Lat.] a low rough noife 5 a complaint not openly exprcflrd. To MU'RMUR, V. N. [n.u,-77iur, fr. t7ninnurD, Lat.] to mpke a low, rough found; to grumble, or to utter difcontent. MU'RMUI? ER, S. one wlw repines, grum- bles, or exprefJts difcoiuent by muttering, or by fome indited manner. MU'RRAIN, S. the plague, or a difcafc which kills vaft numbers of cattle. MU'SCADEL, or PvlU'.^CA DINE, S. \fruf- cat, »!ufcadd, Fr. n.ojcartcilo, Ital.] a kind of fweet grape, wine, "or a confection made of pears. MUSCLE, S. [pronounced ^r.ujfd-, from ■ujcek, Fr. and Sax. 77iuj':ulus, Lat.j a fkihy. fibrouspart of thebody of an animal, and is the organ or iiiflrurnent of motion. In Na- tural Hiflory, a fi(h with two fliclls of a dirty blujfh colour. MU'SCULAR, Adjrffrom ;?.t/.-,v/;/j. Let.] belonging to the mufclcs j performed by m.eans ot the mufcks. MU'SCULARITY, S. tlTe quality which flicws thatathiogisof thenaturcof amufcle. MU'SCULOUS, Adj [77:i,fadeux, Fr. ;««/- cukfiis, Lat.] full of muffles j having large and f\Aelling mufcles; brawny; belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a nnifcle. ML'SE, S. [from the verb] deep thoughts or fludy ; a clofe and intenfe application of the mind to any objeft. '^ With admirntioH " and deep ;«.Y/'f." Af;//. A deity, fuppof.d by the heathens to prcfide over works of ge- nius, and to aid tire writer in anv particular branch of fciencc, when addrefltd to ; from mil fa, Lat, /Jiiiura, Gr. The 777ufes were nine imaginary heathen deities, I'ix. Clio, I'rania, Calliope, Euterpe, Erato, Thalia, Melpo- mene, Terphchore, and Polyphymni.i, fa- bled t« be the Juughters of Jupiter and Mnc- monfyne. M U S M U S ironfymc, sccounttJ the goJticfTcs of miiPc' light, anJ fiiJiIe fubllr.ncc, fomcv- hat af n aiiJ poetry, 2nd the patroncflli oi' the otlur liberal art* ;.nd iciences. To MUSE, V. N. [iruQr, Fr. muy^fH Beij; miip. Lit] to apply th-- mind with in- tenfenels to any fubjett j to fiiiJy.cr revolve in t'ae mind ; to he dbTciit of mind. rjU'SEFUL, Adj. full of thought. MUSER, 3. a plodding perfon j or one that thinks intenfcly. MU.SR'TTH:, S. [JtA. a dimintitive, from mufa, Lat. a iong] a (hort air or fong, ^'lUSE'UM, S. ffA,'ij-rcov, Gc. a place in Athens deftintd for the fiudy of the fciences] a place fet .ipart as arcpofitory for curiofities. 1 he Afhmolcan Mufeun) at Oxford has long been in repute for its colletliins of this kind : but whtn vkoconfider tlie BritilTi Mufcum, a purplilh or blood colour, feeling fmootli y.id unctuous, fmeliing hij^hly ptrfumcd, and ta(U ing bitterifh : it is bro'j;;ht from Bant::m in the Eafl Indies. P^^uj?., in Botany, is the grape hyacinth, or grape floi»'cr. 'musk-apple, S. a kind of apple. MUSK-C.VT, S. the animal which pro- duces niufk. MU:;-KET, S. f;;;.-:./;."r.', Fr.l a fi'e-arm borne on tlie ftiouldcr, end ufed in war, he- fore the invtntion of fire-locks, fired by the appl'Caiion of a lighted match ; at prcfcnt, the word is promifcuoufly ufed for a fii clock or fufee, MUSKET'EER, S. a foldicr who carries a mi;Il:et. MUSKETC'ON, S. [myfyutton, Fr.] a repolitory lately efldblilTied by the niunifi- ( fire arm Ihorter ar.d thicker than a firelock ; ccnce of parliament, in the houfe of the late a blnnderhuA duke of IMontague, which contains all th natural curiofities col!e<f^cd by Sir Hans Sloan ; the ineflim ible manufcripts removed from the Cottonian library, and thofe likcwife collefleJ by the late e-rl of Oxford, wenniil acknowledge, that it has a very formidable rival. MUSHR'.'OM, S. Imoiijferoi, Fr.] in Botany, the cl'ampigron : u appears at fi;fl of a roundilli form, like a button, the up- j imported from India, f^r. per part of wliich, together with its Palk, MU'SLIN, Adj. made of muflin. are of 3 fie!h c )Iour, but die Picfhy part, when broken, i? very «hlte ; when lufTered to grow imdiilurbcd, they ircreafe to a large fjzc, expanding thcmR-Ives alm-ifi to a fl-.t- nefs, the red part underneath changing to a c'ark grey colour : their feeds, which were long unknown, have, by induftrious bota- MU'SKINESS, S. the quality or fcent of mulk, MUSKME'LON, S. a fragrant melon. MUSK-FEAR, S. g fragrant pear. MUSK-ROSE, 3. a role fo called from its fr.'igr.mce. MU'SKY, Adj. fragnnt ; A>.eft-fcented. MU'SLIN, .^. [mc'-JiUirte, Fr. from n-.'.vjj'.; Fr.J a fine fort of cloth made of cotton, and " mvlnr. apron. MU'SROL, S \muUrode, Fr.] the nofs band of a horfe's bridle. MUSSULMAN, S. [from f/ro/Trw, mofu. niji:, or mof'jltr.an, Arnh.] a word ufed bv the Mahommedans to fignify a true believer. MUST, Verb. Impcrf. Iv^^gin, Beig. nids, b^rn lately difcovered, and by that W^, I'ol ] obliged. It is of all perfuns and means they have obtained a place among per- 1 tenfes, ufed of pcrfons and things, and gc- fcft plants Figuratively, an upilart ; a per-' neraliy placed before a verb, fon that rifes to grandeur from a mean and ] ML ST, S. [«•///;//;.•, Lat. J new wine ; new poor birth. 1 'vort. MUSHRO'OMSTONE, S. a kind ofj T o MUST, V. A. [v.i^.j. Frit, rw, Belg.] fofTil, or Hone, which when watered, will > to g!\'e an ill frent or ftink to a th'ng, gene- produce muihrooms. ' rally applied to csfks. To mould or make MUSIC, S.' [miijl'yf'e, Yy. mujlcti, Lat. ! mouldy. Neuterly, to contract r-n ill fcent, fjLJUTty.y^, Gr. I one of the liberal fciences, [ applied to vefiels that are not in ufe ; to grow belonging to the mathematics, which confi- 1 mouldy. tiers the number, time, and time of founds. | MU.>TA''^HES, S. \rKr,ufijcle, Fr. mifac- \r\ order to make ddi;.httul harmony; the](;5, Ital.] whifkers or hair growing on the art .■>£ figging, and playii''g upon all fuits of | upper !'p. mulicai inllruments. j MU'ST^R'O, S. ^r-uj^a-tf, Tr\x. nutarJe^ Ml''iiICAL, Adj. fFr.] hirmonions : I Fr.] a plant producing a fmall and warm l^iunding fo as to raife an agreeable fenf.ition; I feed •, a kind offauce made of th.e flour of hci.)noing to mufc. muftard feed mixed with water, d. MU'sfcALLy,Adv.harnr.or.:oully;fwcet- To MU'STER, V. A. Uujlem, Belg.] Jy fonndin" to revie'v an army ; to colle(ft or bring toge- MU'SIC.ALNES^, S. the qualiiyof found- thcr with diligence. Neuterly, to aflemble, in" fuet tlv, harmonioufly, rr melo.'fiouflv. in order to form an army. ^lU'Slc'.'IAV, S. iiri'f !c-n, ¥r. w'ljtri/.', MU'STE^l, S. the aa of reviewing an ar- Laf.l one (killed in h.irmony ; or one who| my ; a t;egifter of forces that are reviewed or pl.iyis OH any mufical initrument. j miiflered ; a codeiftion. " A tnu/lir of pca- A:U5K, S. [»,:'/:■, Fr. mujUio, Itil.j a dry,; " cocks." To ;afs m::Ji:r, lignifi-s^ to be ^.dmittcd M U T sJinitted or allowed. This phrafe Is ofed in compoliti n. iViU'STER-BOOK, S. a liook in which the names of every folJicr is regiilered. MU'STER-MASTP.R, S. one that takes an account of e. ery rej^iment, and obfcives thdt no fiar.ds be commuted in the return of the n itr.cs at a iniiflLr. MU'STER-ROLL, S. a regiller or lift of forces. MU'STILY, Adv. [from w;//7y] with an ill fcent. MU'STINESS, S. [from nwfy] the 4ua- Jity of giving a bad icent. MUS'J'Y, Adj. [from mujl the verb.] mouldy, fpoiled witli dampncfs; ill-fcented ; fule, or fpoiled with age. Figuratively, dt;ll; heavy j wanting adlivity or experience. MUTABI'LITY,"S. [mutabdiu', Fr. mii- tchUi'as, Lat.J the quality of not continuing long in the fime flatc. Tnconfldncy or fickle- nefs, applied to the mind. MU'TABLE, Adj [Fr. tnutalilh, Lat.] fubjecl: to change, or alteration ; inconflant, fickle, «r nnfettlcd. MU'rABLRNfcS% S. the quality of changing foon or often. MUTATION, S. [Fr. mutatio, Lat.] the aft: of changing or altering. MUTE, Adj. [n:vct, Fr. mutus, Lat.] fi- lent; not ha', iiig the ule of voice or fpeecii j imabie to Ay any thing. MUTE, S. oiie that cannot fpeak. In grammar,a letter which cannot be pronounced when by itfelf when before a liquid, or with- out a vowel. B, C, D, F, G, J, K, P, t^ T, V, are mutes in the Englilh alphabet. MU' FELY, Adv. in a hleut manner ; without fpccch. To MUTILATE, V. A. [mutihr, Fr. j to deprive of fonie efiential part or limb. MU'TILAFION, [Fr. miidath, Lat.] the lofs of any cllcntial part or limb. MUriNE'ER, S. a pcrfon that cnufes, «r joins ii;, an inA.ur>.(flion. MU'TINOUS, Adj. {muun, Fr.l fcditious; caufing, or taking parr in, an infmreclion j refiding lawful authority. MUTINOUSLY, Adv. Ln a feditious manner. MU'TINOUSNESS, .S. the quality of cau- fing infurre(ftIons, or difobeying lawful au- thority. To MU'TINY, V. N. {,mnincr, Fr.] to life againll or refill perfons in authority ; to Caufc fedijion. MU'TINY, S. the a^ of refirting lawful antliority ; fcditioii. To MUnFR, V. A. \mut:3, Lr.t.] tn grumble ; to utter difcontent with a low and alniort inarticulate voice. Aiftivcly, to utter dilcontcnt in an impe;fc<fl manner. MUTTF.R, S a Uiurmur ; or the a<ft of ovpiefli'ig difcuiitfiu in X low and alaiafl in- M Y R articulate voice. MU'Tl ERER, S. ona that utters di'fcon- tent in a low and almoU iiiarticuiate voice. MU'Tl ERINGLY, Adv. expreffing dif- content with a low and injirticulate voice. MU'TTON, S. {niouton, ¥\. vta.Ucnc, Jtal.] the flelh of Ihecp. In ludicrous language, ufed for a ihecp. MUTUAL, Adj [;>ra^t-<r/, Fr.»;i//«.'5, Lat.] reciprocal j aftin^in fuch a manner as to per- form the fame acftion by tmn.s. MUTUALLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to perform the fame acflion ; in return ; reciprcjCally. MU i UA'LITY, S. reciprocatic^n ; return. MUZZLE, S. \iniifiau, Fr. n;u,'co, Ital. n:u- jel, Arm. J the mouth of any thiiig ; a faden- ingof leathern thongs, ufed to hinder a dog or other animal from biting. To MU'ZZLE, V. N. to bring the mouth nearer ; to mouth. " The bear tnuzzlcz and " fmeHs to him." UFfiian. A(flively, to bind the mouth. MY, I'ron. Pofleriive. ^Vl)en the fubftan- tive follows, we uk my, and when it goes be- fore, tnhe, as likcvwie in ar.fwtring a quef- tion J as, " This is my book."— This book " is mine.'" Whofe book is this ? Anfwer, mine ; that which be ongs to me, or is my piopcrty. MYO'CRAPHY, S, [ir. m [xiq-Miy^a^co, Gr.] a difciiption of the mufcies. MYO'LOGY, S. \ fjLxr/.- cy.a, Gr.] the dc fcription and do(ftrinc of the mufchs. MYO'PS, S. a pcrfim who is Ihcrt fghted; or one V ho fees diftHnc olijccfts contiifcdiy, and nc'.r ones diinniflly. MYO'HY, S. [Ste%i/i]fhoi-tnefs of fight. MY'RIA.D, .S. {K,yty<f'd, Hiit. f/oj.:.?, Gr. j the number of ten choufand. F'igurjtivcly, any very great number. M Y';< MIDON, S. [iJ.v^/xr^cTi, Gr. a people in TluTljly, fo called from a t'abulous fug- gcflion of their having been metamorpholed originally from c^nts, and by JTomer reprefent- ed as the companions of Achilles] any mad ruffian. jTY'ROBALAV, S. [,ryrohaIanus, Lat.] a dried fruit, having a flone, kernel, and pulp of an auHcre and acrid tade, and imported from the Eaft Indies. MYRRH, S. [wytrhc, Fr. nynba, Lat. from jf-yfM, Gr.] ?. vegetable produft of the gum and rofin kind, of a reddifli brown co- lour, with more or lefs of an admixture of yellow; its talte is bitter and acrid, its fmell Orong : it is brought from Ethiopia, but the tree wliich produces it, is unknown. MY'RRHINE, Adj. {tvynLirus, Lat.] made of myrrhine done, in great repute a- m^ng the ancient Romans, but at prefcnt unknown to us. MYRTLE, S. [«;■"/.•. ^ L'.t. »rv'.", Fr.] a low fragrar.t flirub with liriill leaves. MY 'SELF, M Y T MY'SELF, aveciprocal pronoun [Trom mw-' fylfcs. Sax. i-:ijj:!f'in, Gotli.] wfed by a petfon to lliew that d thing is done or meant ot'him only, exchifive of any o:her. MYSTA'GOGUh, S. myf.agopis, Lat.] fjiVTaytayi^, Gr.] one who intsrpictes divine myfterics ; one that keeps relics, and (hews them to (tranr^ers. MYSTE'RJARCH, S. [/xy,-n;i3v, and flf- ^rt, Gr.] one who prefides over myfteries. MYSTt'RIOUS, Adj. [nrijlokux, Fr.] rot to be comprehenJed or difcover^d by the human undcrlbiidtng ; artfully perplexed. MYSTERIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner not to be difcovered by realon, or to be com- prehended by the uiidcrftanding ; in an ob- ilure, or perplexed manner. MYSTE'RJOUSNESS, S. that quality which renders any truth or dofflrine above the difcovery of reafon, or comprehenTion of the undcrflanding. MY'STERY, S. \,p.\J}a-e, Fr. fJiv^w.v, Gr.] in its primary fcnfe, oiiginally nfed for fome facred rite or uofrrinc, communicated only to a few chofen perfons by tiie ancient priefts. Sorrre do(flrine hidden or concealed, and cither ■wholly or partly unknown, till revealed j a do<flrinc fo far ihove our icafon that we arc incapable of comprehending it ; a doflrine, concerning which our ideas are inadequate j any thing artfully made difficult ; a trade or calling : in the lafl fcnfe it fhould bo written wljlerv ; from metier, Fr. v.'ijliero, Ital. MY'STIC, or MY'STICAL, Adj. {nuftU eus, Lat.] obfcure ; not eafily comprehended by the nnderflanding ; emblematical, or in- cluding fome fecond or lecret meaning under the form of a pifture. MY'STlC.-iLLY, Adv. in a manner which conveys fome'fecret meaning. MY'STICALNESS, S. the ftate of con- veying fome fecret meaning. MYTHOLO'GICAL, Adj. [from ,?!yi/:e- hgy] relating to the application or explana- tion of fabulous hiftory. MYTHOLO'GlCALLY.Adv. in a man- ner fuitable to the application or fyltem of fables. MYTHO'LOGIST, S. one who explains the fables of the ancient heathens. To N;YTH0 LOGIZE, V. A. to relate or explain the fables or fabuloi'.s hiftorics of the beathen MYTHO'LOGY, S. [(xvZo;, and \oyci;, Gr.] a fyflem of fables ; an explanation of the fables or fabulaus hlftory of the ancient heathens. N NAH:]u;dcoHfonant,andfem!-vo\vel; the tliirteetitii letter in the Engiiili ^ alpli.ibet, having an invariable found ; afiiT ;r it ii almollleit', ■*& in ardcmn. NAM The Hebrews call it their J nun N, which figni» fies a child, it being derived from iQ mem, their M, as is evident byconddcring them placed toj^ether : ^1: in the fame manner our fmall n is foin;ed from the fmall m by on)it- ting tlie \a\\ flroke. From the capital N, which is the fame in the Creek, Latin, Gothic, and iinxcm alphabets, the fmall n of the Gi eeks feems to be foinud, by the omiflion of the iirft firoke of the capital, as n v, and in the fame manner may we trace the fhape of the Runic capital, which, on the contrary, is termed from the omidion of the laft firoke of tiie Greek capital. In compofition before an /, b, />, and w;, the n is frequently changed in- to an ri, and before an / and ;• into an / and r, according to tlie cullom of the Romans, as illich, for it: licet j intprej'T, for ir.prefs ; irreverent, for ime-verent. when ufed for a numeral, N /lands for 600, and with a dafli over it thus N for f coo. In the abreviatnres it is likewifc iifid for rmmero or number j as Ko. V. i, e. number 5. To NAB, V. A. \n!:ppe, Swed.] to catck or fcize uncxpedtedly. N. B. [acontracflion for «c.'^ he7ie'\ mark well J take notice ; obferve. NA'DER. S. [Arab.] in Agronomy, that point in the heavens diametrically oppolite to our feet. NAG, S. [w.T^/y.-, Belg. nichel, Teut.] a fmall or young horfe. In familiar language, a horfe. NAIL, S. [r.cgl. Sax.] in Anatomy, a kind of horny fuLilaiice growing upon the ends of the fingcis and toes; talons or horny fub- rtance growing at the extremity of the toes of birds and bcalls ; a /"pike of metal with a Iharp point, and flimctimes a flat head, ufed to fallen things together ; a (lud or bofs j a meafure containing two inches and a half. — On the nail, implies immediately; or with- out delay. " V\ e want our money »n the " «j/7." Sivift. To NAIL, V. A. to faften any thing with fmall fpikes of iron called nails i to flud with nails. NAI'Li R, S. one who forges nails j a nail maker. NA'KED, Adj. [naced, racod. Sax.] with- out cloaths, or any covering. Figuratively, unarmed ; defencelefs ; unprovided. Plain, evident, or without difnuife, applied-to trutlv Mere ; bare ; abflra(ftcd j without any addi- tional circum fiances. NA'KEDLY, Adv without cloaths, cover- ing, or difguife ; in a fimple or abftrafled manner; merely; barely; evidently. NA'KFDNESS, S. the flate of a perfon without cloaths, or covering; plainncfs; evi- dence ; freedom from difguife, NALE, S. \7u^al, 111. J an awl made ufe of by cuUar-makers. NAME, S. \r,air.\, Gotli. vamo. Sax. rcnie, Ital. r.itr.cnf Lat. J a ward made ufe of to ex- prefs N A R prcfs fome idea ; a word ufed to diftingui'fh a perfon ti cm ethers ot" the fame fpccics ; a perlbn ; reputa'.ion,orcl)ara<n:er; renovvn ; ho- nour, or glory j memory, or remembrance ; power given to a perfon to aci for another ; appearance, or an afRmied charailer, "In " the vame of Brook." ^'hak. To NAME, V. A. [naman, Sax. }iopim€r,¥T. ticmiKO, Lat.] to applya wordconiiantly todif- tinguilh a perfon or thing from others ; to mention the word applied to any bdng ; to fpecifyor diflinguifh by mentioning the word applied to exprcfs any perfou or idea ; to utter or mention NA'MELESS, Adj. [nan^Uas, Sax.] hav- ing no word by which it may be expicHed ; One whofe name is not known or exprelled. NA'MELY, Adv. [naeKrui, ml m/icb,l^cig. \ particularly; fpecially ; to mention byname. NA'MER, S. one that calls or knows any perfon or thing by name. NA'MESAKE, S. one that has the fame name with another. NAP, S. [ki:ji>pian. Sax.] a flumber, or fiiort fltep ; the fotcor downy part of woollen cloth which rifts above the Ihoot ; from kr,:fpa. Sax. To NA?, V. N. to lleep ; to be drowfy ; to be in a ftate of fceming fecuriry. NA'PTAKING, S. a furprize, or unex- pe^ed fciziire and attack. " Na^takings af- ** faults." Carnu. NAPE, S. the joint of the reck behind. NA'PTHA, S. [va^e«, Gr.] a very pure, clear, and thiu mineral fluid, of the bitumi- nous kfnd, of a very pale yellow, with a cafl «f brown j it is found floating on the waters of fprings ; and is principally ufed externally in paralytic cafes. NA'PKIN, S. fa diminutive from nappe, Fr. r.apfa, Ital.J linen ufed at table to lay in the lap and wipe the hand.s. NA'PLESS, Adj. wanting a nap ; worn threadbare. - NA'PPINESS, S. [from naify\ the (juali- ty of having a nap. NAVPY, Adj. {q. d. fuch as will caufe perfons to take a nap] plcalant and (Irong malt liquor. " With napp-^ beer." Gay. NA'RCOSIS, S. [Gr.] a privation of Icnfe, as in a palfey, or by taking opium. NARCC'l'IC, Adj. [vapxiwcric, Gr.] procu- ringfleep; flupifying; orcai-fing (tupefadtion. NARCO'TJCS, S. [vaf!«,wa, Gr.] medi- cines which take away the fenfes, or tlupify. NARD, S. {r.ardus, Lat. vajJoc, Gr.j'a fragrant ointment, called fpikenard j a fwcct- fcentcd fliriib. NAR'RABLK, Adj. [from rarro, Lat.j capable of being told or related. To NAR RATE, V. A. [narratui, from narro, Lat. i to tell (sr relate. NARRA'TION, S. [Fr. narredo, Lat.] an account, relation, hlltory, or dcfcription of any a(ftion, or feries of actions. NAT.. NA'RRATIVE, Adj. [r.aryadf, Harrr<'k-^^ Fr.] relating ; giving an account of a fd<fl or feries of fuels as they happened ; fond-of tel- ling Ilorics, o-r relating things paft. " Nar- " rativc old age." Popt\ NA'RRATIVE, S. a relation ; an account, or recital of a fact ?.s it has happened. NA'RRATIVELY, ^dv. by way of nar- rative. NARRA'TOR, S. [>iarrateur, Fr.] one that relates any fa^. To NARRIFY, V. A. to rehearfc or re- late any fdcl ; to be fond of teling Ibries, or of relating pafi: fafts, ** I ever uanify'd " my friends." Shak. NA'RROW, Adj. [vein-tii}, r.^arc. Sax.] h;.ving hut fmall breadth ; containing but a fniall diflance from one extreme to another. Short, applied to time. Niggardly, or cove- tous, applied to the mind. Gontradied ; of confined fentiments ; ungenerous ; near, or within a fmall difcnce. " Mifs'd fo r^jn'ow." Dryd. Clofe ; vigilant ; attentive. '< Witb " K-jrysw ftarch," Mib. _ To NA'RROW, V. A. {near-wUn, Sax. J to lelien the breadth or widenefs of a thing ; to Gontrddt or uiorten the fpace between any two things. NA'RROWLY, Adv. with fmall or fhort fpace between the lides, or little breadth ; con- tra<ftediyj without extent or generofity of fencimcnt ; clofely «r attentively ; fcarcely ; in an avaricious or niggardly manner. NA'RROWNESS, S. thequality ofhaving its extremities at a fmall didancc from cadi other. Vv'ant of extent or genc.-ofity, applied' to fentiments, or the mind. Meanncfs, po- verty, or a flate of un.eafinefs, applied to con- dition or fortune. Want of capacity, appliciJ to the underftanding. NA'SAL, Adj. [»a/Ij, Lat.] belonging to the nofe. In Grammar, pronounced tlirough the nofe. NA'SICORNOUS, Adj. [from ««/■«?, Lat, and cornuy Lac'.] having a horn at the qofc, '• Naf.cornoui beetles." Brov-'n. N.A'STY, Adj. ['naf:i,T:cMX.gnciJty, Pol.] raifing difgiift and loathing from dirt ; naufe- ous ; filthy, Figuratively, obfcenc or lewd, applied to language. NA'STJLY, Adv; in fuch a dirty, filthy, or polluted manner, as to raiie nauieoufncfs. NA'bTINESS, S. the quahty of being lb dirty and filthy as to raife naufeoufnefs. Ob- fcenity, grodhefs, applied to vxordsand ideas. NA'T AL, Adj. [Fr. naralh, Lat.] native; the place in which, or day when, a pcifon was bCrn. NATA'TlON, S. [r.atauo, "Lii.] ike 3ia offwimming. ^* in natation, the arms an J " legs move l)oth together." Bioivn. N.'\'THLESS. Adv. [«d/n, naihtlci, noht, tbonJces, Sax.] nevcrthelcfs j not*ithrtanding; not the Isfs. " Nathhji he fo cndur'd." Par. Loji, NA'TiON, Nat N A V NA'TION, S. [Fr nam, Lst.] a confi({er- aMe number uf f>t-ople inhabiting a certain extent »f ground, and under tlie fame go- vc) nnient ; a Government or kingdom NA'TlONrtL, Adj. ( Fr.] public, general, oppofed to private or particular ; higotted to one's country ; confined to a particular coun- try. NA'TIONALLY, Adv. as a nation ; ge- nerally NA'TIONALNESS, S. referrence to a people in gesural NA'TIVE, Adj. ["otif, native, Fr. natl-vus, Lat. ] {produced by nature; natural, oppofed to artificial ; agreeable to nature ; belonging to the time or place of a perfon's birth ; ori- ginal, or that from which a thing is made originally or at firft. " I mult return to *♦ nari've du't." Par. Loft. OJ- that by wliich it is didingutfl^eJ from all other. " Mall participating of both natures," Hak. T he eddbliQicd order and coLirfc of .r.a- tcrial things; theleriesoffccondcaufes, crthe laws wbichGod hasimpreOedon m-itter. "My " end — was wrought by nature " Shak. 1 he conHitution, or lh aggregate of the powers of art animal body. " Nature being oppreflcd." ^/rjk. 1 he iicfiion of Providence or that fpi- ritual power diffufed throughout the creation, which moves and acts in all bodies, and gives them certain properties: this, though by the ancients held to be a caufe diltindt from the Deity, or afting together with him, is no other thun God, ' he ft rft caufe of all things, and the prefcrver and ruler of all the pha:nomena of nature. Figuratively, difpofition of mind, or temper. " Whofe nature is fo far trom doing " harm." Shak. Natural affe(ftion and rever- KA'TIVE, S. one born in any place; an J ence, or the principles implanted in us by the original inhabitant ; offspring. I l.~'eity. " Have we not feen the fun — through NA' I'iVFNESS, S. the quality of being " violated nature force his way." Pfe. Sort, produced by nature, oppofed to artificial. ! kind, cr fpecies. " A difpute of this na?!/ie." NATI'VITY, S. [nati-vite, Fi.j birth ; '^ Dry d. Natural philofophy, cr th' true fyflem time, place, or manner of birth ; the llate or | of the phenomena of nature. '■' Nature ar\i place of licino produced. " Thefe in their j " nature's laws lay hid in night." Pope. " dark rati-vitf Ihall fhelter US " Milt. \ NA'Tl'RITY, S. li^ Q-te or tjuality of NA'TURAL, Adj. [yatr/re/, Fr.] produced i being pioduced by n;iture. " Wjiat we deny or effefted by nature. In Law, illegitimate ; 1 " unto i:uture,\\e impute to naturity." Bro-ivn. begotten by parents not joined in wedlock. | NA'VAL, Adj. [Fr. rai;(?.7s, Lat.J coh- Befto\ied by nature, applied to the faculties ; fifting of fliips ; belonging to fhips. ©f the mind. Liiifftcttd ; according to truth NAVE, S. [Bclg. and Teut. Wii^, Sax.] ' and leahty. Proceeding from natural c.iufes, | the middle part of a wheel in which the oppofed to violent. '• A ratura! Ac^th." | axle moves, and the fpo';es arc fixed ; the NA' i'URAL, S. a perfon who has not the I middle or body of a church j from na-visj ufe of reafon Ina-ve, old Fr. NA'TL'RALISM, S, the do(!lrine which VA'VEL, S. {rafel, rafd. Six.] a point fccout t; for the phenomena, and creation ot | in the middly of the belly, by which infa.ots the world trom the operation of nature, ex- ■tlulive of a iupreme intelligent creator, fe- paratc from, and the author of, matter. NA'TIRALIST, S. a perlon who fludies the wcrks of nature, and is verfed in their properties, excellencies, and hiftory. NATURALIZA'TION,S.thea6t of giv- ing aliens or foreigners the privileges of na- tives and fuhjefts. To NATURALIZE, V. A. toadoptlnto a community, or invelt with the privileges of native fubjttls ; to familiarize ; to make eafy, as if taught by nature. " Cuflom has natu- " raUxeH his labour to him." South. NA'TURALLY,Adv.withoutinftruaion, or being taught ; by the impulfes of unaffifted nature ; according to nature ; without affec- tation ; fpontaneoufly. NATURALNESS. S. the (late of being gi'-'cn or produced by nature; conformity to initli, realiry, or the nature of things. NATURE, S. [Fr. natura, Lat.J the fyf- tern of the world ; the machine of the uni- vcrfe, the aflemblage of all created beings. " Molt bciuiiful things in nature." Glan-v. A dirtinct fpecies or kind of being. "Human '■'natur:." iliCcfitatial froperties of a thing, communicate with, and btfcre thtir birth are nourilhcd by, their motheis. Figura- tively, the inward part or middle. " Within " the ?/<Ji;c/of tliis hideous v\ood." Milt. NA'VELWORT, S. a plant which grows on olds walls; and reftmbles houlleek. NaU'FRAGE, S. Ir.aufrar.um, Lat.J Ihipwreck. NAUGHT, Adj. [Tiaht, nanoht, noiviht. Sax. j bad ; worthlefs. " Thy fifter''s«flag-/o/.'* Shak. NAU'GHTILY, Adv. badly ; vicioufly ; wickedly ; corruptly. NAU'GHTINESS, S. \nahtne(f.; Sax.] depravity ; a flight degree of w-ickednefs. NAU'GHTY, Adj. [See Naught] bad; doing any thing vicious or amifs. NAVl'CULAR, Adj. \nafici,laire, Fr. tta-vicularis, Lat.] formed like a Ihip, ap- plied to the third bone in each foot, fitu- ated between the altragalus and offa cunei- formia. NA'VIGABLE, Adj. [Fr. na-vigalUliy Lat.] Capable of being pafled by ifiips or boats. NA'VIGABLENESS, S. Uie qu.ility of being caprible to be pafled by fhips or boats. To NA'VIGATE, V. N. [ravigatus^ I Lit.J N E A Lat.l to fail; to pifs in a veflil. A^ive'y, to pafs over in a [hip or boat. Navigation, s, [Fr.] the aa or praf^ice of paffing by water ; the art or acfl of conduifiing any vefle' by water from one place to another, the fhorteft, fafcft, and inoft commodious way. NAVIGATOR, S fMi'igata/r, Fr.] a failor, or peifon who pafTes from one place to another by water ; one that works a fh'p. To NAU'SEATE, V. A. [rajz/vito, f a^. from r.iiufeo, Lat.J to loath ; to reject with difi^ufl ; to flrike or affedt with loathing. NAU'SEOUSLY, Adv. in fiich a manner as to ciufe loathing or difgiif}. NAUSEOl'SNESS, S. \he quality which caufes loathing and difguft. NAUTIC, or NAUTICAL, S. ^nau- ticus, Lat.] belonging to f;;iling or failors. NAUTILUS, S. [Lat. ttjuti/c, Fr.] a ITiell-fifh, in the Mediterranean, which changes its place with fomcthing relciu- bling oars and a fail. NA'VY.S. [rai'/f, Lat.] a fleet or cuUec- tion of fhips, generally applied to men of war. NAY, Adj. [rere, Sax. i.e. nc. Sax. fii, Fr. and nier, Fr.J a w^d ufed to imply denial or refufal ; what is ftill more ufed in amplifica- tion. " Yea, when abfcnt j r.ay, when dead." J?. yt,htif^,n. NAYW'ORD, S. a refnfal. " However " you lejti to the tiayivord." Skak. A by- worc' or proverb. " If I do n. t gull him ** into a najtvo'd." SLai. A watch word. *' We have a nuyivord to know one ano- '« ther." Sbtik. To NEAL, V. A. [anccelan, celan, Sax,] to temper by heating and cooling gradually. Neuterly, to be tempered by fire. NEa'p, Adj. [pcapfood. Sax.] low ; dc- creafing, applied only to the tide, and fome- limes ufed as a fiibllantive. NEAR, Prep, \pana. Sax.] at a fmail didance from ; clofe to. NEAR, Adv. almort at hand ; not far off. After ?9, not to want much, or not far off " It will^o near to ruin him." SpiSlator. NEAR, Adj not far off; advanced to- wards the tT'i. of a detign or undertaking ; affi?<f>ing; dear. " Of fo great and nur " co-^cernment." Lccke. Inclining to cove- toufncfs. " A near man." NE'ARLY, Adv. at no great diftance ; affcdingly ; prefTint;ly ; clofely, ufed with ccncem. In a niggardly manner. NEA'RNESS, S. the quality of being at a fmal! dif>ance, or alniort clofe to, applied to Htuation, Alliance of blood or uff.<flion, ap- plied to relations or friends. 1 oo great care of money, applied to exper.cc. NH.AT, S [n.-flf. Sax. riaut. Id. and Scot.] blade cattle and oxen, ufed coiki^ively ; a cow. NEAT, Adj. [net, Fr.] made with tkill and clcgiuce, but void cither of fplcndor er NEC dignity ; cleanly. In Trade, pure ; unadul- terated , not fpoilcd by foreign mixtures. Neat or na produEl, is that which is gained aftei all expences are paid. NEATHERD, S. [r,catbyrd. Sax.] one that keeps black caitle. NEA' TLY, Adv. in a cleanly manner ; in fuch a manner as difcovers fkill' and elcg.mce, free fiom pomp, and without dignity. NEATNESS, .<>. fprucenefs ; elegance without pomp, affeifratioij, or dignity ; the quality of being free from aduiieration or foreign mi.Ktures. NE'BULA, S. [Lat.] an appearance like a cloud in a human body; a film on the eye. Nf.'BULOUS, Adj. \nehulojin, Lat.] niilty} cloudy. NE'CESSARIFS, S. [from r.eceffury^ fach thing'; as a perfon cannot live without ; things necelfiry for the fnpport of life. NE'CfSSARILY, Adv. [from neceffury^ indifpenfibly ; by inevitable confequence. NE'QPSSARINESS, S. that quality of a thing whic!) renders it fuch, that it cannot be widiout it. NE'CESSARY, Adj. {neceJjuWc, Fr. nc- ccJJ'aTius, Lat.] that which mufl be indif- penfibly done or granted; that without which a thing cannot exift; not free; fatal; im- pelled by an irrefidible principle ; conclufive ; following by inevitable confequence. To NECL'SSITATE, V. A. [from ne- cejjitas, Lax.] to make neceflary ; to deprive ot freedom or choice ; to compel by irre- fiflible force. NECES->ITATIOV, S. theaftof m^.k- ing neceflary, or compelling in fuch a man- ner as cannot be refifled NECE'SSITOUS, Adj. opprefled with want or poverty. NECE'SSITOUSNESS, 3. poverty; want of fuch things as are elTential to the fupport of life. NECE'SSirUDE, S. {nuejjltudo, Lut.] want; need. NECE'SSITY, S. [v.ecejf.tas, Lat ] irie- fiftible power; the flate of being free fiom difpenfation or choice ; a ftate of poverty, or want of thofe things winiout which life Cannot be Aipported ; irrefiflibic force of argnments, or inevitable confequence. NECK, S. \r.tci:a, hnecca, Sax. rtscke, Teut.] that part of the body which fupports the head, and is between it and the body : a long narrow pait. '* A nffi of land." Ea^-on^ NE'C K-CLOTH, S. a piece of linen worn by a man round his neck. NE'CKLACE, S. a firing of beads or jewels worn by way of ornament round a woman's neck. NE'CRO'-4ANCER,S. [from vfxfef and f.i.ayltxc;, Gr.] one that cojivcrfes with ghorts, or reveals future and fccret things by means of the dead ; a conjuror. NE'CROMANCY, S. [Sec AKromencir] U u the N E G N E I the art of revealing future events by convcr-l fal,oppo''eJ to coiifcnt. The abfcnce of that fing with the dead ; enchantment. which does not nitturally beton;; to the tiling NECTAR, S. [vExlap, Gr] a liquor we are fpeaking of, or which has no vi^ht, fcicned by the poets ro be the drink of tlicl obligation, or necelhty to be prefciit with it : goij., ; and that v.'hocver drank of it ftiould as when a <lonc i-> inanimate, blind, or deaf, become immortal. NE'GATlVb-, Adj. \nejatif, Fr. nc^afi- NE'CT \REO, Adj. tinged, mingled, or -vies, Lat.] denying, oppoied to affirming. Jm- abounding with ncfldr. ply'"8 ''"-' abfenceof fomcthinfl; having the NE'C . AROUS, Adj. iffembling nectar j r power to with-hold, though not to compel, as fweet :< neift.^r. NE'CAflVE. S. a propofition by wh c)i NE'CTARINE, S. fFr. pronounced «f- fomcthing is denied. In Grammar, a parti- trifte] a delicious fiuii of the plumb or peach cle made uie of to imply denial j as, ras. kind. NEED, S. r«cW, nyJ, Sax.] a prcfllng difficulty ; want ; dilh'cfsful poverty ; want of any thing ufcfiil or ferviceable. To NEED, V. A. to want or require; to be in want of. Neuterly, to be wanted, or ncceOary- NEE'DER, S. one that wants, or cannot do without a thing. NEE'DFUL, Adj. neceflary; not to be done without; ind'.fpeiifjbly requilite. NEE'DFULLY, Adv. in luch a manner as to be ncccdary. NEE'DFULNESS, S. the quality of being nectfTarv to an c(\c{\ or end. N.'GATIVELY, Adv. with denial, the form of a denial. To NEGLECT, V. A. [tieg/ectus, Lat.] to omit by circlcfihefs : to refufe ; to'treac with fcornful heedlellhcfj ; to pollpcrne fonvc- thing that (liould be done. NEGLE'CT, S. an inftance of inattention; carelefs treatment, or fcornful hcedlcllncfs ; omiffion of fomething which ought to be done. ■^EGLE'CTER, S. one «ho wilfully, fcornfully, or heedlefsly omirs the doing fomething, whicli he oug!it to do. NEGLE'CTFUL, Adj. hccdlcfs ; omitting through fcovn, heedkrincfs, or inattention. NEGLE'C;FULLY,Adv. in fuchaman- NEE'DIMESS, S. the quality of being in I ner as to omit fame duty for want of atun- w.;nt of fuch things as feem eflcntialto the fuj'p'Mt of Itfc. NEE'iJLE, S. (rtfiU, Sax. raci^cl, nadd, Teut.] a fmall ilender piece of fteel tion or cauiion ; treating in a cold indiflc- rent manner. NE'GLIGENCF, S. [Fr. nj.^l^entia , Lat.] the habit of omitting fome duty by heedlcff- cfed in fcwino', having one end perforated; nefs, or want of attention ; want of care or with a hole to receivd a thread, and the other | caution. pointed to pierce cloth; the fmall fteel NEGLIGENT, Adj. [Fr. «i'^A^;-.''ki, Lat.] bar, which points towards the north in the carelefs ; hcedltfs; habitually inattentive; ica-compafs. • ] NEF.'ivI-EFUL, S. as much thread as ge- nerally is ufed with a needle. | NEE'DLER, or NEIi/DLE-M AKER, S.| a perfon that makes needles. NEE'DLE-WORK, S. any work perform- ed with a needle ; embroidery. NEEDLESS, Adj. unneceffary ; not re- quifiie ; not wanted. NEEDLESSLY, Adv. without obligation or necelTiiy. NEE'DLESSNESS, S. the quahty of being iinneceflarv NEEDS, Adv. neceiT'ari'.y ; by irrefifliblc 1 reigners fcornfuliy regardlefs. NE'GLl GENTLY, Ativ. in a carelefs, hecdiefs or unexaO: manner. To NE'GOTL'ITE, V. N. {murder, Fr. from nt-^rji'ium, Lat.] to carry on the trcfde of a merchant; to traffic; to enter into treaty with a foreign (late; to pafs a bill or draught for money. NEGOTIATION, S. atrcatyof bufmefs; a treaty with a foreign (late. NEGO'TIArOR, S. \_negotiatiur, Fr.] one emploj'ed to treat with others ; one that tranfmits or pays away bills drawn on fo- force or compiilfion ; indifpenfibly NEE'DY, Adj. |wr/7u, .-.WL', Ru(i:] diflrtf- fcd by poverty ; wanting the neceflarics of lif;. Nl'UR, a contradlion, in common dif- courfe and poetry, of jnwr To NRE^E, V. N. [ry'e, Dan. r.icfr.. Be! i;. from n,v\'e, Sax.] to difcharge bieatb \iolently and by a conviilfivc motion through the nole. " By his vccftng a light doth " fhi.ie." Job xli. iS. NEFARIOUS, Adj. rn./j'Wi, Lat.] ex- ccfiivelyor abominaI)!y wicked. [In Law, un- lawful ■ or cintrary to law. NFGO'TIATING, Part, employed in treating with others ; palling bills drawn oa foreigners. NE'GRO, S. [plural negroes, from ucgro^ Span, and Ital.] a biack. To NEIGH, V. N. [pronounced na\h\ hntvgan. Sax. r.cgen, Belg.J to make a noifc like a horfe or mare. NEIGH, S. the noifc made by a horfc. NEl'GHBOUR, S. [pronounced nnyhour., from ncahgchurc, mbgehure. Sax. vabhuor, Belg.] one who lives near to another; one familiar to another ; anv thing fituated near or ■ ■ ' " ■ No NEGA'TION, S. [fr. n gat'to. Lat.] de- next to another ; intimate; confident ni 1 oppo .sd to affiimatioiJ, or aflcnt, Refu " more Iball be the neid^iur to my coanfels.'' N E S Sh«i. In Divinity, one partaking of the fame nature, and therefore entitled to good offices. NKI'GKDOU:iH00D, S.ffrom neighbour and btoJ ^ o£ hade, Sax.] a place fituated near anotiici , tlic (iate of being iiear to each odier , thofe that ! ve near one another. NEI'GHBOLi<LY, Adv in themannerof a neighbour in a fociai an.l civil manner. N El'Tri ER, Conj. [fomctimes pronounced rither, and hy others rxther; nohiuather, ncL- •wather. S.ix.] not either. When ufcd in the firft branch of a negative fentence, it is an- fwered by nsr. " ¥'\^\.l neither, with fmajl »<»• "great." i JCings xvh. 31. Sometimes it is ufed as ihe fecond branch of a negative fen- tence, as, " Ye Itali ;^5r eat of it, neither fhali •' ye touch it." Gen. iii. 3. Sometimes it fol- lows a negative at the end of a fentence, and often, thougli not grammaiically, yet empha- tically, after another negative. '' Men come •' not to the knowledge— t: 11 they come to *' the ufe of resfon, nor than neither,^' Locke. Niii'THER. Pron. not cither j not one nor the other ; not this nor that. NEPEN'THE, S. [from vr, and -htsv&o;, Gr.] in Antiquity, a magic potion or opiate, which rendered perfor.s infenlible to, or made them forget all their pains and g ief. NE'PHEW, S. \nefa. Sax. ne^heu, tcve::, Fr-l a brother or fifler's Ton. NEPHRl'TIC, Ad:]. [m'phrinque,Yr.'] be- longing to the kidnies, I'eins, or veflcis that convey the urine ; troubled with the ftone ; good againft the gravel and Hone. NE'POTISM, S [neponfme, Fr. ncpotifmo, Lat.] fondaefs for nephews, NERVE, S. [nerf, Fr r.ervus, Lat.] in Anatomy, a round, white, long body, like a cord compofed of feveral threads or fibres, deriving its origin from the brain or fpinal marrow, and diftribiited through all parts of the body, fcrving as the organ of fenfation or motion, and fuppofcd by fome ai atomifls to contain a juice called the animal Ipirits, or fome ilcd'trical fluid, by means of which the imprcfTion of objects is conveyed iiiflantane- ©ufly to the brain, or the foul refidcnt therein. A finew or tendon. In Poetry, jmy thing which gives flrength, or isedential. NE'RVELESS, Adj. faint ; without ftrength ; weak. NE'RVOUS, Adj. [nervofus, Lat.] well- ftrung ; (hong ; vigerous ; rL-lating to the nerves ; having its leat in the nerves. Hav- ing weak or difordered nerves, in medical cant NESS, a termination added to an ..djecHive, by means of which it is changed to a fubflan- tive, (ignifying, flate, or quality in the ab- Itraft. '1 hus guod\s changed \iMo goodnefs. ■When ufcd at the ends of the najwcs o? f laces, it is derived from n/i, Sax. a riofe, promon- tory or headland ; as in hi'cnicfi. NEST, S. [rep. Sax. Bdg. ^nd Teut.] a led oxrcpofitory formed by ubiidor fowl foi N E tr laying, hatching, and feeding her young in» till able to provide for themfelves ; any place where animals are produced j the young in a ne(f ; a receptacle, abode, or place of refi- dence, ufed in a bad fenfe. " A »^ of rogues." A colledlion of drawers, boxes, or of pockets, that communicate with each other, or belong to the fame frame. To NEST, V. A. to build nefts. To NESTLE, V. N to fettle, harbour, or lie clofe and fnug like birds in a neft. Active- ly, to houfe, as in a nefl ; to cherifh, as a bird does her young in a nefl " She like his mo- " ther nejlles him. " Chup-man. NET, S. [n«, n^t. Sax.] a texture woven or knit with large interfliccs, or mefhes, ufed as a fnare for biids, fifhes, &"<:. NE'THER, Adj. S^neather, neother, nither^ Sax. neddc)-, Belg.] lower oppofed to upper ; fituated in a lower place, or in the infernal regions. NE'THERMOST, Adj. [die fuperlative of iietber'l lovveft j below any other thing it is compsred with. N E'TTIN G, S, a piece of network. NETTLE, S. [nale, Sax. netel, Belg.] a dinging herb. To NETTLE, V. A. nettelen, Eelg.] to (ling, irritate, or provoke. NET'WORK, S. the work with which a net is made ; any thing made with interfaces refcmbling the mefhes of a net. NE'VER, Adv. \nafre, Sax. from ne Sax. not, and tefre, Sax. ever] at no time, either palt, prefent or to come ; in no degree. " A'i?- " -ver the worfe." None or not a fingle one. " He anfwered him to ne'uer a word." Matt. xxvii. 14. Johnfon obfervesthat this word is ufcd in a form of fpeech, which though hand- ed down by the belt writers, and but lately cenfured, is juftly reckoned a folecifm ; as in, " He is miltakcn though never fo wife." Which fliould properly be exprefled ; " He " is miflaken, though ever fo wife." Or elfe by fuppl)ingthc ellipfis, thus, " He is mif- " taken, though there never was a perfon fo " wife." In this fenfe, it fhould be remark- ed, it always includes a comparifon, and is followed by fo. NEVERTIlELESS,Adv.notwithRnnding. NEURO'LOGY, S [«w«v and Xoyo;, Gr ] a difcription of, or difcourfe concerning the nerves. NEURO'TOMY, S. [from vedjov and -rty.r aiv, Gr.] the anatomy of the nerves. NEU'TER, Adj. [Lat. neuter, Fr.] indif^ ft-rent ; not engaged in or taking part with either fide. In Grammar, applied to a noun which implies no fexj applied to a verb, that which fignifies neither a<flion nor pafllcn but fome flate or condition of being j as, Ifit. NEU'TER, S. one indifferent, or not en- gaged in any party. NEL'TRAL, Adj. [Fr. ] indifTcrent -, nor •'Oing t nut tngag'.-d on ciihcr fide j ncithte U u a govi y' NEW N E W i^ NFAFFA'NGLED, Adj. formed with a vain and afTKfted love of novelty. NFAVFA'NGLfilDNESS, or NRW- FA'NGI.ENESS, S. a vain ur. foolifti affec- tation of novelty. NE'WEL, S. Inaiv/f, Dan. J the compafs round which a (liur-cafe is carried. NE'WLY, Adv. lately ; not long agp. NE'WNESS, S. f-elhnefs ; the quality of beini; lately made, Jifcoveied, or poflelled. NEWS, S. ( without a fiiigiiiar] frefh ac- count of fomething ; fomething not heard before ; papeis which give an account of the t4-anra<ftions of the prcfent times, both at home and abroad. NZ'WS.MONGER, S. one who deals in news-papers; one who makes it his bufmeft to hear and tell nev\s. NE'WTON, [Sir Ifaac] dcfceijded from '1 he new hcal'd wound. "I an ancient family in Lancafhire, was born I in the county of Lincoln, in 1642. At twelve years of age he was put to the free fchool at Grantham, by his mother, who foon took him away again to initiate him betimes in taking care of his own affairs ;• but finding him very careleJs in things of that nature, and entiiely devoted to his good nor bad. In Medicine, neither acid nor alkuline. NEUTRAL, S. one who does not aft or engage an either fide. n'EUTRA'LITY, S. a ftate of indiffe- rence, in which a perfon or ftate avoids every aftion that may proceed from friendlhip or hoftility; a ft.ae bttwern good and evil. NEUTRALLY, Adv. in an indifferent iKanntr; on neither fide. NEW, Adj. [nciu, i:ku, Sax." fiu^a, Goth. ■ j.'o-z'iis, Lat. v£:j, Gr.] lately made or had ; frelh ; notufcd; modern; having the ef?e£t of novelty; notaccuftomed or familiar; renewed or repjited. Co as to recover its firft ftate : frefli after any cefl'atioii or impediment ; of no ancient exirai^ion. Generally applied to things, in the fame fenfe ss pt'ig is to per- fons. In Compol'ition, it figiiihe? newly, or not long ago. NEWCA'STLE I'fcn Tync, over which liver, yielding excellent fal'mon, is a ftately bridge of feven wide arches, with houfes on it; it is a mayor- town, ar.d the capital of Northumberland. Ths (ituation if uneven, as being upon hillocks, and the declivity of them. It is dole built and populous, has aj books, fhe fent him to Grantham agam, good quay between the town-wall and the from whence he went to Trinity College, river, and a vaft trade in coals fent to Lon- Cambridge, where he entered in 1660, being, don, other j-art.s of Ei-glaad, and abroad ; as then eighteen years of age. His genius for alfo in making of glafs- bottles, fait, and e,K-| mathematics was fo great, that he under- cellent ale, with ha'-dware and wrought iron ; [ flood the elements of Euclid a.? foon as he- befides no con fern ptible foreign traffic. 'I he read them, and could, by barely calling his town revenue is confiderable, and the houfes [eyes on the contents of the theorems, make are moftly of ftone, with a few of brick or| himfelf a pcrfeft mafter of them. In 1664, timber. In the upper or north part of the he took the degree of bachelor of arts, and- town rcfide the polite inhabitants, with three, in 1666, being then retired fiom ihe ur.i- pentrcl ftreets. The river, all the way from verfity on account of the plague, and fitting ,Shiel!s to Newciftle, has a wide and fafe | in his garden, was led by a train of thoughts channel, and the tide flows ftrongly up farl oecafioned by the fallof fiDmeblof]om';;to thofe beyond the town. It gives title of Marquis difcoveries relating to gravity, and the power and Duke to the Pelham family, the Loid Clare having been fo created by George I- in 17 I e;, foon after his acceinon. The corpo- ration fends two members to parliament; lies about fix miles above Shiells, 65 from Ber- wick, and 276 from London. Its markets arc on Tucfday and Saturday, which are ex- tremely well ftored with all forts of provifioris, and reafonably cheap. NEWC.A'S "L'l' urJcr Line, a mayor bo- rovigh of StafTordfhire, upon a branch of tiie Trent, with large and well-paved ftreets Here is a manufadlurc of hats ; the cloathing trade ll'urifhes alfo, and the place is fur- jounded with coal-pits, the co^ls o( which are called Peacock-coals, from their variegated lufne. In the neighbourhood are mad'- vnft quantities of ftone nnd earthen ware, black tea-pots, Cyc. A llir'.vv is tamed in this town by putting a bridle in her mouth, and lead-n;T her about the ftreets. It lies iz miles frwin .Stafford, nnd 149 from Londqn. It returns two members to parliament. by which the celcfiial bodies aie retained in their orbits, which have fince immortalized' both his own memory and that of his courr- try. In 1669. he was chofen profcfloi of mathematics in the univerfity of Cambridge, on the religmtion of Dr. Barrow; and in tl-.at year, and the two fubfequent ones, read' a difcourfe of optical leftures, replete witli fuch difcoveries on that fubjeft, as both^ afionifh and delight. In 16S-, his Mat'rema- tlcal Principlci were publilhed, a bo'k which,, being too profound to be underflood hy every- one, met with no fmali oppofition ; but when- it was once known, was fb well received that nothing was heard from all qnarters, but one. general fiiout of adrrdration. This work feemed to be the produ(ft'cn of a genius or celefHal intelligence rather than of a man, in the opinion of the Marquis de I'Hof- pital, who ufcd to afk the Englifh that vi- ilted him, " Does Mr. Newton eat, drink, " or fiecp like other men ? I reprefent him " to myUif as one of the Genii, or a ce- " Icfti^. NEW **'kfl!aiintclIlo;ence entirely divefted of mat- *' tei." 'i he iame year as his i'/n/r// it!, (ifc. were puhlilhed, he appeared one of ihe niof? zealous defenders of tl;e privileges of tiie uni- vcrlity of Cambridge, when attacked by- king James II. Ml J was on that account no- minated one of the deligatcs of tlie univerfity to the high commidion court. In 1688 he was chofcn one of their members for the convention parhamcnt. In 1696 was made warden of the mint, in which oP-'ce he was of (ignal fervice, when tlie money ■v.-^s called in to be recuined. In i6c;g he was ele<fled one of the members of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris ; in 170: was chofen member of parliament for the uni- verfityof Cambridge, and in 1703 was eleifted •prefident of the Royal Society, and continued in the chair for twenty-three years without interruption. In the reign of king -Geoj-ye I. he was w^il known nt court, and admitted •to the confidence of the Princefs of Wales, ;", f. the late Queen, who ufed often to pro- pcfe difficulties on philof.phic A!bj'.-<fts to 'him, and to receive his anfwers. liis health till his eightieth year, was generally fettled, but about that time he began to be aillicled wi'h an incontinence of urir.c; but for the -live years, which preceded 'his -death, he had great intervals of health or eafe, which he procured by ol)ierving a (Iricfl regimen. But 'the circumllance v.hich was the only one that could have pcrfuaded us of his being mortal, feized Inm with fuch violence, that large drops of Aveat run down his face ; yet fo iiluftrious was be for patience, that during 'his agonies, he never ut eicd the leiUl com- plaint, nor expreficd the leaft impatience, and as foon as he had a moment's eafe, woi'.ld fmile and talk with hts ufual chcerfulnefs j after having been deprivid of his leiiies for fome hours, he died on the 2C ih of March, liii the eighty-fifth year of his age, and was intcrcd witli great folemnity in WeH-minder abbey. liis Ituture was middling ; liiscoim- •tenance pleafing, and venerable at the fame time, efpecially wl/tn he took off his peruke, and fhevved his white hairs ; wlJch he wculd often do with a degree of pleafure. He ne- ver made ufe of I'pedtacles, and loft hut one tooth in liis life. His difpofition was fo meek, and his opinion of himfelf fo hum- ble, that he would rather have cliofen* to have ftolcn unknown through life, than to cxpofe himfelf to thofe llorms, to which ge- nius and learning generally cxpofe thofe that arc illullrious for either. So great was his •modefly, that the mod malicious cenfurcrs cou.d not charge him with vanity : fo great his aflabiliiy, that lie always put himlelf upon a level with his company ; fo grcit his charity, that he would often Ih'ip himfelf to Ihcw hisgcncrofity to his relations and others, chofe to do his good offices binilelf, and ihon^hc a legacy no gift, j his candour wasfo N I D I great that he was in love with \irtne, whcre- j ever he met it, and efleemed tho.'e only to .be true fchifmatics wiio were vicious aoJ wicked ; y«t was he firmly at'aclied to the |eflabli!l:ed chiirch ; wns a firm believer cf j the truth of revelation, nnd amidit the great. j variety of bocks he liad befjrel.ini, that which he flridicd molt wis the bibic. NEXT, Adj [the fuper! uive of nrar ; nt-x!. Sax.] ncarefl:, applied to place. Im- n'edi-Jtely fucccccV.ng, applied to order. Near-" eft in degree. NEXT, Ailv. at the time or turn im<nc- diately fucceeding. Nl'l?, S. the hill or neck of a bird ; the poiYit of any thing, generally applied to that of a pen. I To NIB, V. A. to cut the point of a I pen. NIBBED, Adj. having a point, having its point cut, _To NIBHLE, V. A. IknlLbihn, Pelg ] to bite by a little r.t a time j 10 eat flowly ; to bite as a fifh does a bait. Neuterly, to bite at. Figuratively, to carp at or find fault with. " JS/ibllirg at one fingle pafKige." TH.htfon. NI'BBLER, S one that bites by a little at a time. NICE, Adj. ["I'ff, Sax.] accurate in judg- ment to a niinufe txaclnefs and culpable deli- cacy ; delicate j fcrupulouily cautious j fquea- milli ; refined. Nl'CELY, Adv. in fuch a manner as dif- covers the greateft accuracy, delieatenefs, and tliC molt fcruptiious exi.^nefs. Nl'CENESS, S. the eju^lity of being mi- nutely cxa(ff, fupeifluouliy delicate, and ex- cellively fcvupulous. Nl'CETY, S. niini^te accuracy cf thought or performance ; f^ueamininefs ; minute ob- ferva^nce, or ciiiical exa<itnels j delicate and er-utious treatment j enimlnacy. In ihepluraj, dainties or delicacies in eaiing. NICHE, S. I Ft.] a hallow in which % ftat-iie may be placed. NICK, S. (a-;.-*, Teut.] that exaft point of time in which a thing is moll proper or convenient to be done j a notch cut in any thing ; a lucky caft. I0 NICK, V. A. to "hit} to touch luckily; to perform at that point of time, which is moft proper and convenient ; to cut in nicks and notches ; to fuic like tallies cut in notches ; to defeat or cozen j to difappoint by fome trick. NT'CKNAME, S a name giveii a pcr- fon or body of men in fcr.ll" and contempt. To Nl'C KNrtME, V. A. to call by fome reproachful name. To Ni'CTATE, V.N. [mfratus, Lat] to wink. Nl'DGET, S. fcnrrnptcd from r.iuA--g or w/ViVfr, Sax ] n term with which a perfoa was formerly branded, who did not repair to U u 3 «h< N I G N I N the royal (landard in times or danger; a| NI'CIITRAIL, S. [from tilglt zni re^!, cowaid. Sux. J a loofe cover thrown over the drcfs by NIDIFICA'TION, S. [nldlficatk, Lat.] nieht to keep it clean. the aft of buiidi.ig nefts NIDwRO'SE. or NI'DOROUS, Adj. [vi doreux, Fr.] refemhling the fmell or talle of roafted fat. " Inctnfe or nidorou: Imells." Bacon. NIDORO'SITY, S. eruiHation or belching attended with the tafte of undigeftcd roall meat NI'GHTRULE, S. a tumult in the night, ^ W hat rigktrute now." Shak. NI'gHTSHADE, S. [niht,fcade, Sax.] a plant of two kinds, one called the common, and the other deadly nightlhade. NIGH TSHINIKG. Adj. glittering or (hininj; by night. MI'GHT-WALKER, S. one who roves NIDULA'TION, S. [nidulatus, Lat. fiom in the night upon ill dcfigns ; a proflitute, fo n'tdukr, Lat,] the time of remaining in the called from her appearing and walking in the neft. I ftreet.'= by night. NIE'CE, S. fpronoun(red reece ; from NiGHT-WARD, AJj. approaching to- r.lcce, Fr. ncptis, Lat.] the daughter of a bro- ' wards night. ther or filler. I NI'GHTWATCH, S. a part or time of NI'GGARD, S. [n:rgyr, 1(1.1 a perfon j night diftinguifhed by a changeof the watch, who gives or fpends little, and with gre.it un- I NIHI'Ll TY. S. [m^ilite,¥r.] nothing willingnefs NI'GGARD, Adj. fpending or giving little, and with great veluftance ; fpiring. NIGGARDISH, Adj. fomcwhat inclined to avarice, or to give and fpend grudgingly or fparingly. Nl'GGARDLY, Adj. avaricious ; fpar- ing; wary. Nl'GGARDLY, Adv. in a fparing or grudging manner. NIGGARDNESS, S. avarice. NIGH, Prep, [neah, Sax. necnvny, Goth. nae, Belg. nahc, Teut. niLidan, Perf.J not far from. NIGH, Adv. at no great diflance ; a place not far off. NIGH, Adj. near, at no great diflance. Allied cl'-fily by blood, applied to kindred. NI'GHLY, Adv. nearly. NIGHT, S. \nabt'., Goth, r.aht, nighty ftybt. Sax.] the time v. hen the fun is lielow our horizon, and darknefs is upon the face of the earth. TO-NIGHT, Adv. [finch, Sax.] this night. NI'GHTED, Adj. blind. '' Bis nlghud "life." Sl'ai. Black, " Cafl ihy rightly <' colour off" Shak. Nl'GHTFOUNDERED, Adj. loft ordif- trclfed for want of knowing the way in the night. • Nl'GHTIK GALE, S. [ncflrgalg, nifchgah. }i!gbtc^a!e. Sax. racbtgael, Belg. J a fmall biul that fings in the night, and remarkable for its melody. A word of endearment. NI'GHTLY, Adv, in the night; by night ; every night NIGHTLY, Adj. done, afting, or hap- pening l)y night. NI'GHTMaN, S. one who cleanfcs Jakes, or carries away their ordure by night. NI'GHTMARE, S. See Marc. NIGHT-PIECE, S. a piflure fo co- loured as to be fuppofedto befetn by c: ndle- jight, not by day-light ; a defcription of fomc fcene in the night. nefs ; the ftate cr quality of being nothing. " Pure nihility or mere nothing." IVarts. To NILL, V. A. \niilan. Sax.] to rejeft; to refufe. To NIM, V. A. [niijian, Goth, and Sax.] to take. In cant language, to Ileal or take away what belongs to another. NIMBLE, Adj. [from viman. Sax.] mo- ving or nfting with quicknefs or fwiftnefs. M'MBLENESS, S. the quality of adling or moving with fwifnefs, quicknefs, or expe- dition. NIiVIBLEWITTED, Adj. too quick in difphying one's wit or eloquence. NI.MBLY. Adj. in a quick, fwift, or ac- tive manner, NIM'MER, S. ("See A';;r] a thief. NIN'COMPOOP, S. [a corruption of the Lat. ncn compos^ a fool or filly perfon. NINE, S. [niuv, Goth, nigen, nigon. Sax.] a number confilling of one more than eight, or one leis than ten ; a number confiding of 4 and <; added togetlicr. Nl'N'EFOLD, S. nine times ; anything repeated nine times. NINE-PINS, S. a play wherein nine pieces of wood arc fct in a fquare in three rows, and are knocked down with a bowl. Ni'NETEEN, Adj. [nig^-Myn, Sax.] a number confifting of nine and ten added to-> gether. NINETEENTH, Adj [mgonteotba,Sxx..'] next in order lo the eighteenth, or eighteen beyond the firll. NINETY, S. \r.luntethenda, Goth, nine times ten ; ten added nine times. NINIH, Adj. [rtiunda, Goth, nigotha. Sax.] an ordinal, implying that a thing is the next in rank, order, cr number beyond the eighth. NINETIETH, Adj. the ordinal of nine- ty, or the tenth nine times told. NI'NNY. S. [rinno, Span, nencla, Ital.] 1 fool or fimpleton. " Look like a ninny,'* S-wift. N'lN- N O • NIN'NYHAMMER, S. a fimpleton or fool. " An old r.innyhammcr.'"' GuO'd, No log. To NIP, V. A. [,mj>er, h:}ipcn, Be!<^, ml- />;>?, Teut.] to pinch ofTwih the nails; to bite oil' with the teerli ; to cutoff liy an) flight means ; to h\d[\ to pinch. NIP, S. a pinch with the nails or teeth; .t fmall cut ; a blall. Nl'PPERS, S. an inflriinscnt ufcd to cut the n?.ils with, Ibmewhat rclembling a pair of pincers. Nl'l'HLE, S. [ref'iteHa', Tta!.] the teat or round protuberance of the bicatr, which in- fants, &€, take into their mouths when fucking. NI'SI P&IUS, S [Lat. if not before] a judicial writ, fo called from the firli: words m It ; " Ni/: apiici lulem hcum 'jyun njer.c- •' r'lr.t, I. e. unlcfs the jufliccs, lo take the " alfize.";, come to fucli a plrcc before that ♦' day ;" by means of which all eafy p!ea.« may be tried in the country, before juiHces of affize: it is direfted to the Hieriffto caufe men to be impannelkd to determine the caufe there in order to eale the county, by fav- ing the parties, jurors, and witneflcs, the charge and trouble of attending at Weitmin- ftcr. NIT, S. [hahu. Sax. wddca, Brit. ] the egg of a loufe or fmall animal. Nl'iPZNCy, S. [nite^tia, Lat.] ludrc ; clear brightnefs ; endeavour j elafticity .; fpring to extend itfelf ; from r.'itor, Lat. to endeavour. " Nitency to fly wider open." Boyle. NI'TID, Adj. [riudta, Lat.] bright ; fliining ; glittering. " A clear and n'.tid yel- " low." Boyk. Nl'TRbjS. [Fr. yiifrua:, Lzt. ht^;v, Gr.] a cryflalline, pellucid, and fomewhat whitifh fubliance, of an acrid, bitterilh tafte, impref fing the funfation of a remarkable coldnels upon the tongue,and properly called falt-petre. 1 hough by means of fire, it affords an acid fpirit, yet in its crude flate it contains no acid.ty at all. The eartli from which it is made, both in Perfia and the Ealt-lndies, is a kintl of yellowilb marl, found in the bare cliffi on the fides of hills expofcd to the nor- thern and eaftern winds. NITROUS, Adj. [mtreiix, Fr.] impreg- nated with nitre ; conlifling of nitre. NI'TRY, Adj. impregnated with or con- fiding of nitre. NI'TTY, Adj. abounding in nits, or the eggs of lice, fefc. NO, Adj. [na. Sax. Sec Nay"] a word ufcd to fignify denial, rcfufal, and resolution not to door confent. Somfitimesit isufed to confirm a former negative. " Never more this h-mil " fhall combat. — No, let the Grecian pow- ed's." Dryden. Sometimes it flrcDgthcns a negative that follows it, " No, not the bow " which fo adonis the ikies." Waller, In a NOD period wJiich confifls of fcveral negative /en- icnces, it is placed in the firft, and is an- fwerfd by t:or in the following ones ; as, " No, 1 will not, nor am I able, if I " would. No, Adj. not any ; none. It generally is placed ill the firit fentence of a negative period, and anfk\'cred by nor in the lubfe- qiient fentcnccs. " No man, mr woman, nor '- child }.or bfcufh To NOBILITATE, V. A. [noiUiraius, from T-.dJlito, Lat ] to m.ike noble ; to en- noble. NOBI'LITY, S. \roHnttrr, Lat.] antiquity and dignity of f.miily ; the chief perlbns of a kingd m, or thofe v\ho, by their honoms and titles, are exalted above the commons j dignity ; grandeur ; greatnefs. NOBLE, Adj. [tr. r.olilh, Lat.] of an antient and fplendid family; belonging to the peerage ; frcat ; wortl.y ; iliuftrious ; exalt- ed; elevated; fublimc j magnificent; flate- ly ; pompous; or beci^mlng a nobleman. '• A no'le parade." Figuratively, free; ge- nerous ; liberal. NOBLE, S. a peer, or one of high rank. In Coinage, apiece of money valued at fix Ihillings and eight-pence, fo called from the purity of its gold. NO'RLEM.aN, S. one who by birth, office, or patent, is railed above a com- moner. NO'BLENESS, .S. the tjuality wliich de- nomir.afes any thing or pei Ton great, wor- thy, generous, m ignauimou'!, or above the vulgar ; iplendour of defcent or pedigree. NO'BLESS, S. [nobip, Fr.] Kobility; the colle£tivebodyof noi)!^; or noblemen. NC'BLY, Adv. of an ancient fami'.y, ap- plied to defcent ; in a manner worthy of a perfon of ancient birth, high office, and lofty Irntimeuts ; in a grand, magnificent, and fplendid manner. NO'EODY, S. not any one ; no one. NO'CENT, Adj. \vonvt Lat.] guilty; criminal ; hurtful ; mifchievous. NOCfA'MBULO, S. one who walks in the night in his ilecp. NOC I I'DIAL, S. Adj. [from roFiis, Lat. and^/cj, Lat. day] containing or confiding ot a ni^ht and a day." " The no^idial day." Holder. NO'CTUARY, S. [vSai, Lat ] an ac- count of what pallesby night. " In my mc- " tiiary" Sped. No. 5S6. NOCTU'RN, S. [nocltirtie, Fr. ncHvrmn, Lat ] an office of devotion performed in the night. NOCTU'RNAL, Adj. [noauynus, Lat.] nightly ; in the night. NOCTU'RNAL, S. an inOrunicnt by which obfervations arc made in the night. To NOD, V. A. {_nod, Brit, from nodi, Brit. I to decline or bend down the head, with a <|uick motion j to make a Ihort or U u 4 llifibt N O M flijiht bow, to beni downwards by a quick motion; to give a fign by bending the head downwards ; to be drowfy. NOD, S. a quick motion of tbe head downwards. " A drunken fiilor on a m.ifr— *' ready with every nod to tumble down." Slrai. A motion made with the hejd as a fign, or to (hew iflnit ; the motion of the he..J in drowfinefs ; a ll'ght how. NO'DDER, S. one who makes nods. ^'0'DDLE, S. [i.W, Sax.] a hejd. ufc.i in contempt, and generally iinj-lyin^an empty head. NO'DDY, S. [na-jtih, Fr.] a fool. NODE, S. [nodus, l.at.] a iinot ; a knob ; a fwcllina on 4 bone. In Aftroiiomy, ap- N O N quainted, as to be able to call almotl every body by his name. NOI\TENCLA'TURE, S. U''-'^''c'atura, Lat.j the aft of niiming or telling the names of per(ons or things : a vocbulary or dic- tion. iry. KO'MINAL, Adj. [tiomhmlis, Lat.] re- ferring or relating tn names nthtr than tilings ; not real ; merely titul.ir. NO'MINALLY, Adv byname; with re- Tpcifl to it.? name; tiluhrly. To NO'iMINATE, V. A. [tjminatin, Lat. of novtino, Lat.] to name ; to mention by name ; to entitle ; to ftt down, or appoint by name NOMINATION-, S. [Fr.] the a<f^ of plied to the two points wlicrciu the orbit of mentioning by name; tlie power of appoiiU- the moon interfecfts the ecliptic. ing by naine. NODO'SITY, S. [i7cd'4u!, Lat.] a com- NO'MINATIVE, S. [ncnuratif, Fr. nomi- plication, or fomething in the nature of alnati-vus, l.at.) in Grammar, t!ic firll cafe of knot. ail nouns that are declinable, from whence NO'DOUS, Adj. [i:oJjus, Lat.] knotty or all the other cafes are derived : it is placed full of knots. NO'DULE, S. [nodJus, Lat.] a fmall knot. NO'GGIN, S. [ncjl:/, Tcut.J a fmall mug. NOI'ANCE, S. [See Jnticiance] damage, hurt ; mifchief or inconvenience. '* To " keep it from nci-ncc.'" •'•hak. Not in ufe. NOISE, S. any kind of found, gene- rally applied to that made by brutes or i.-.ani- matebodie.'!, and implying exceflive loudnefs ; an outcry, clamour, or boafting and imperii ne-t talk. To NOISE, V. N. to found loud, or fo as to \>e heard at a great diftance. Ac'tivfly, to fpread by rumour, or report, generally fol- lowed by ai7rcad. NOl'SEFUL, Adj. loud. NOi'SELESS, Adj. fslent, or without found. NOrsiNES-;, S. loudncfs of found ; loud cl-imour occafioned by importunity. NOrsOME, Adj. \nohJo, Ital. gnoijlo, Pol.) noxious; unwholfonic ; oHi-nfive ; difgufiing. NOISOMELY. Adv. with fuch a ftcnch or fteim, as is otTi^nfive and unwholfome. NOrsOMENE^S, S, the quality of oc- cafioning difguft. NOrSY, Adj. founding loud; clamorous. NOLL, S. [hrcl. Sax.] a head. "■ An •' af,'s noU:' SLak. NO'Ll ME TANGERF, [Lat. io not truch me] a kind of cancerous fwelling, which grows worfc by applications ; a plant of the fcnfitive kind. NOLl'TJON, S. r„5,',V;(,, l.at.] theaflof refufin;; or reje(fting, oppofed to volition. NO'MANCY, S. ihe art of foieteHing the f ite or fortune of a perfon from the let ttrs which rompofe his name. NOMENCLA'TOR, S. fLat. ncmer.da- teLT, Fr.j a perfon who is fo unlveifally -c- before a verb peifonal, and is called by gram- marians the right cafe, in coniradiitindtiotj to the others, which sre termed oblique ones. NON, Adv. an infeparable particle, which llgnifics, when joined to words, the abfence or denial of what they would imply, without its being joined to them. N0'N.4Gc, S. minority, or that fpace of life which precedes the age prefcribed by the law for a perfon to aift f)r himftlf. NONCE, S. [from once] for once; on purpofe. NONCONFO'RIMIST, S. one who re- fufes to cotiform to, or join in the efcablifhed mode of worfnip. NONCONFO'RMITY, S. the ad of refufmg compliance ; refufal to join in, or conform to, the forms ufed in the eflablilhcd worlhip. NONE, Adj. [«.7r, rc^nf, Sax.] not one or any; no. " 'Tis none other." Nothing. NON-ENTITY, S. non -exigence ; the ■juality of having no exiftence ; a thing that does nfit cxifl. NON-EXI'STENCE, S. the flate or qua- lity of not exilting ; a thing which has no cxifltnce. NONJU'RING, Adj. belonging to thofe F,ngli!h who will not fwear allegiance to the fiannvfriiU family. NONjU'ROR, S. [from non and juro, Lat.] one who imagines that James II. was unjiifllv depofed, and therefore refufes to fwcar allegiance to any of the family, which have fucctC'^cd him in the Englifh throne. NONN'A'TURALS, S. [without a fingu- lar] fuch things as being neither naturally conftitL'tive, nor deftruftive, do notwith- ftanding both preferve and deftroy in certain circumftances : thcfe phyficians call the air, meat and drink, Jleep and noaffhin^, motion and rcji, retention and excretion, and the f«f- J.'oiis of the ii:ir.d, 3 NON% N O O NONPARE'IL, S. [«:« ant! fareU, Fr.] natchlcfs excellencies ; exccllciu-e rot to in cq-alled. A kind of apple. In i'linting, a vciy (null letter or type. NONPLUS, S. a Uate of emhairsflirent and pcrpcxity, in wliich a pcrlon caiuot ei- ther <Jo or lay more. To NO'NPLUS. V. A. to confound or perplex fo, that the ir.ind is at a ftand, and cannot proceed, and the perfon cannot either ff cok cr Jo any more NONRR'SiOENCK, S. the aft of not refiding on an ecclefiallical benefice or liv- ing. NOKRE'SIDENT, S. one who negle(f^s to live in liis paiilh, applied to c'eig\men. NONRESl'STANCt, S. the principle of rot oppofing the king in any cafe, tliough his exertion ct power fiiuuld endanger the con- llitution. NO'NSENSF, S. unmeining and un^rram- NOR To NOOSE, V. A. to tic or catch in a noofe ; to entrap, or enf;),Tre. NOPE, S. a kind of bird called a hulfinch. NOR, Conj. [from na, and &r, .Sax.] a particle ufed, in the fecond branch of a ne- i^ative propofition. In Poetry, it is fomctimes ufed in tlie firfl branch, for neither. " I nor " lovem^felf, ntr thee." Een ytbnfon. N'ORFOLK, in contradillinftion to Suf- folk, as lying N. and S. of each other; a county of England divided from the latter by the Waveney and Oufe the Lefs; from Cam- bridgclhire by Oufe the Greater, and is walh- ed by the German ocean on the N. and E. It i-i feparated from a fm 11 part of Lincoln- Ihire on the VV. by the .-[Hturiiim or sValhes. It is fifty-feven miks long, and thirty-five broad ; containing; one city, 32 maiket- tOAns, and 711 villaoes, '.villi about 283,000 inhabitants. The air is of varir»vis tcmpera- lures, as is the foil of diverfe qualities. The matical language 3 trifies, or things of no iprincipKl rivers are the Yare, 1h}rn, Wave importance. NONSE'N'SICAL, Adj. having no mean- ing i conveying no ideas to the mind. NO.NbE'NsiCALNE^)S, S. the quality of. having no meaning, or conveying no ideas. NONSO'LVENT, S. one who cannot pay i;is debts. ncy, the Greatt-r and l.eficr Oufe, and the i.'iire '1 he Oufe is remarkable for its over- i-lowings, calleJ Eagre, particularly at the equinoxes. '1 hey have herring and mackerel in gi eat plenty on the coall.s, and fiili for them arc'irding y. This county was formerly fo li- tigious, that the number of attorneys was re- (trained by ftatute in the reign of king Henry NONSOLU'TION, S. failure of explain- VI. Their manuf..(f>urts are wooilen and ia, worTted H'liffs, with Ihjckirgs. They hav'» To NONSU'IT, V, A. to fet afide an j plenty of honey, &c. It lies in thedioceie of action at law, on accomU of fume error in the plaintiff's proceedings. NONSUTT, S. the dropping or renounc- ing of a fuit or affion, upo:i the difcovery of iijmc error in the plaintiif's maragement, or his being abfent from court when called upon to hear the verdi(fl, or being not ready tcr trial on the fu'caring of a jury. NOODLE, S. [Horn noddle] a fool or fimplcton. NOOK, S. \unhccck,'TeMt..iiocchh,'lu\.'\ a. corner ; a covert made by an angle of in- terfeclion. NOON, S. [twn, Sax. paen, Relg.] the middle hour of the day ; tiie time wjien the fun is at its greateft hcighr, or in the meri- dian : fometimes ufed for the time when the moon is in the meridian, or at its greatell height from the horizon. NOON-DAY, S. mid-day, or the time when the fun is in the meridian. NOON-DAY, Adj. uJiout noon, or the time when the fun is in the meridian. NOON-JIDH", S. (from ncn-iiJe, Sax. the noonj the time when the Ibn is in its nieiidi.in. NOO'N-TIDE, Adj. about noon, or that time when the fun is at its greatcll height from the horizon of a place. NOOSE, S. a flip, or running knot, which, the moie it is drawn, binds the faflcr. J^'inufalively, a liiasc. Norwich, and gives title of Duke fo tlie elder br.mch of the Howards, who dill continue Roman Catholics. It fends two knights of the Ihire to parliament, and two members for each of the following places ; namely, Nor- wich, which is tliC capital, Lynn- Regis, Greit Yarmouth, I lictford, and Caltlerifing. NORTH, S. [Sax. »o>dur. 111. mrd, FrJ one of the four cardinal points in the hori- zon, which is nearcfl the pole or oppofite 10 the fmi in the meridian. NORTH, Adj. fituated to the north ; northern. NORTnA'MPrON,S. a mayor-borough, and the county-town of the fliire of the fame name, in England. It fends two members to parliament, and liands at the confluence of the Nen wiih another rivulet, over which are two bridges. Here are four churches, of which AUhallows is a hand- fome edifice, bcfides fjveial public (IruifftHrs, as the George inn, built Ijy John Drydcn, Efq; and given the poor, tiie coimty hofpi- tal, &c. Its markets areon W'cdncfday, Fri- day, and Saturdays ; that for horfes cfpcci- ally, there being fevcu annual fairs here exceeding ajiy in England. Its principal ma- nufactures are (hoes and ftockings, North- ampton lies forty- four miles from Cambridge, and iivcty fix from London. Herefcveral par- liaments have been held formerly. In ih.is neighbourhood i» the ancient royal palace of Holm by ; NOR NOT Hnlmby ; but having belonged fo the late . other hca\'y gooJs, by means of the river fliitchcfj of rvlailboroiigh, it is now occupied by a fjrmov. NORTHA'MPTONSHIRE, S. one of the counties of EngJand, and in the very center of the kingdom. It is bounded on the N. by tbe fliires of Rutland, Lincoln, and Leicefla, on the E. by thofc of Hunt- ingdon and EedFord, on the S. by Bucl;ing- ham and Oxford, and on the \V. by War- wickfhire. The air here is extremely plea- Yarc. Norwicli i;ives title of earl to the duke of Norfolk, and its fee contains uai parifhcs in this county and Suffolk. Its weekly markets are on Wednefday, Friday, and Saturday. ]t lies about twenty miles from Yai mouth and the C/crman ocean by land, and io3 from London. NO'SE, S. [ro-fe, mfr, nofu, Fax. ng!. Id.] that part of a himian l/ody which is promi- nent in the middle of the face, and is the or- fant and healthy ; fo that in it are nuir.erous g,Tn of fmellin;^, and the emun€tory of the feats and pirks of the nobility and gentry. | brain. The end of any thing which is pcr- Its foil is very fruitful for agriculture and 1 foiated or hollow. " Jhers/Vof a bellows " palluiage; but it is fcarce of wood and coals. Scent, or 'he f ower of didinguifhing or dif- It abounds in (lu-cp, other cattle, &c. The covering by the fmcll, country is Itvcl, and io populous, that from | " fended with a doe fome places there is a view of no lefs than I '« than his mafle thirty (tccples. It? principal rivers are tht,tie mfe, fionifies to drag by force, allud We arc not of- doe for a better «&/e CoUitr. To k*d by Nen, Welland, Oufe, Lcam, and Charwell Befides two knigbis for the (hire, this county lends two mcmber.s to parliament each ; namely, for Peterborough, Northampton, and Brackly, with one for Higham- Ferrers. NO'RTH-EAST, S. {nordefl, Teut.J the point between the north and ead. NO'RTHEP LY, Adj. towards the north. NO'RTHEKN, Adj. in the north. NO'RTHING, S. in Navigation, the dif- ference of latitude which a ftiip makes in jailing towards the north. NO'RTH-STAR, S. the pole-ftar, or the lad ftar in the conftcUation named the little Lear. NO'RTHWARD, Adj. towards the north. NO'RTFIWARD, or NO'RTHWARUS, Adv. towards the north. NO'RTH-WEST, the point or rhumb in the middle between the north and weft. NO'RTH-WIND, S. the wind that blows from the north. NCRWICH, S, built from the ruins of which we breathe. mg to the manner of leading a bear, by means of a ring fixed to his nofe ; to have fo much influence over a perfon as to make him do what you plcafe. "To thtujl ore's rofe itto the affairi of avjtbcr, is to concern ourfelves witii the affairs of others without being in- vited, or to be oflicioui;, or a bufy body. T» put ones noje out of joint, is to deprive us of the affeftions of another. NO'SEGAY. S. 3 bunch of flowers. NO'SELESS, Adj. without a nofe ; hav* ing no fmell. NOSLE, S. [a diminutive of wo/l-J the ex- tremity of a thing which is hollow. " The " nofe of a pair of bellows." NOSO'LOGY, S. ffromvoTCf, and Xoyof, Gr.] a difcourfc concerning the nature and property of difeafes. NOSOPOE'TIC, Adj. [from voa-o?, and oroiEai, Gr.J producing difeafes. '♦Ihequa- " litics of the air are nofopoctic." j^rbuth. NO'STRIL, S. [fro'm r.os, Ifl. and tbryl. Sax. J the hollow or cavity of the nofe thro' the Venta Iccnorum, now Carter, a 1 rich city, and the capital of Norfolk, at the confluence of the Winfden and Yare, which is navigable to Yarmouth, being about thirty miles, by water. Tliisis the fee of a bifhop, and a county of itfclf. It is governed by a mayor, &c. who returns two members to par- liament. Here is a very confiderable wollen manufacture, efpecially in crapes and fluffs, firrt ertablilbed by the Flemings in the reign •f king Edward IIL afterwards brought to ^icat perfection by the Walloons, who fled from the duke of Alva's bloody pcrfecution in the Netherlands, and were fettled here by qi.'cen Eliz.dieth. 'J bis city has fuffcred jreatly at different times, particularly by the famous rebellion of Kctt the Tanner under king Edward VL but its damages were re- p.iired in the reign of queen Elizabeth. The tity (lands on the fide of a hill N. and S. To Norwich are brought from Yarmo\i;h ■vzl^ cargoes of coals, wine, fifii, cil, ^and all NO'STRUM, S. [Lat. it is our own] a medicine which is not made public, but re- mains a fccret, with refpetff lo'its ingredients, with the inventor, or thofe only to whom he difcovers it. NOT, Adv. [nocht, nth, Sax. nief, Belg. «(Vfcr, Teut.] a particle ufcd in denoting de- nial and refufal : in a negative propofition it is placed in the firft branch, and anfwered by. ror. NO'TABLE, Adj. [notobU'is, Lat.] remark- able ; worthy of notice on account of in- duftry>or diligence. NO'TABLENESS, the quality of deferv- ing notice for diligence and induftry. NO'TABLY, Adv. in a remarkable man- ner ; in fuch an indufluous manner, as de- ferves notice. NO'TARIAL, Adj. [from notary'[ taken by a notary ; belonging to a notary. NO'TARY, S. [tictaire, Fr. tiotar.us, Lat.J a pcncn or fcrive:ier who takes notes I of NOT «f 311}' par'.iciihrs which concern the pub lie, and tVames Ihort draughts of contiadb, oblig,iti"ns, cliarter-parties, fefc. A notary public, is one who piiblitkly aitcfts deeds, in order to make them authentic in other na- finns, and is principally employed by mcr chants in noting or makinj; a mark on fiieli bills as are ref'ufcd to be paid, and in inakino protcfls on that account. NOTA'TION, S. [mtano, Lat.J to de- fcribc any thing by figures and letters. In Arithmetic, the rule which teaches how to defcnbcany number by figures and letters, and to declare their value when fo defcribed. NOTCH, S. {noccl'iar, Ital.j a nick or hollow cut in any thing. io NOTCH, V. A. to cut Into fmall hollows. NOTE, S. [Fr. nofa, Lat.] a mark or token; a notice ; heed; reputation, fame, or charafter. Tune, applied to the voice, or inftrumental mufic. A fingle found, applied to mufic. A ftate of being obferved ; a Ihort hint or minute ; an abbreviation ; a ftort let- ter ; an explanation at the bottom or in the margin of a book. A prohvifflry note, is a writing under a perfon's Jiand, by which he engages to pay to another, or order, a fum of money. To NOTE, V. A. [i:oto, Lat, ticter, Fr.] to obferve ; to remark ; to take notice of ; to fet down ; to mention ; to charge with a crime publickly. In Traffic, to have a bill witnefTed by a notary public, that the perfon on whom it is drawn, refufes to accept or pay it. In Mufic, to fet down the charaders ufed in mufic to cxprefs any tune. NO'T£-f^OOK, S. .1 hook in which notes or memorandums are fet down. NO'TED, Adv. remarkable; celebrated; univerfally known. NO'TER, S. one who takes notice of any thing. _ NO'THING, S. [natl,!',^'r. Sax.] non-en- tity ; negation of being ; that which has no exi[tence ; no other thing; no quantity or degree. NO'TICE, S. [nothia, Lat.] a remark made by attention and obfervation ; heed ; regard ; information or intelligence, either given or received. NOTIFICA'TION, <?. [Fr.] the aft of wiuking known ; any thing reprcfented by marks or fymbolical cbaraftcrs. To NO'TIFY, V. A. [mttiJJcr, Fr. rotifn, Lat.] to make known ; to give infprmation of, or publifh. •' NO'TION, S. [Fr. notio, Lat.],a thought; an idea or reprefentation of any thing in the mind; a fcntimcnt, or opinion. NO'TIONAL, Adj. imaginary; exifting «nly in the mind or idea. NOTIONA'LITY, S. an empty, on groundlefs opinion. " Impty, talkawvc, »<; ♦' Uir.atity.", Glairv. NOT NOTORI'F.TY, S. frr'^r.-t-V, Fr ] thi quali-y of being univeifally known, ufcd .n a bad ftnfe. NOTO'RIOUS, Adj. [mcnV.v.r, Lat. w- toirc, Fr.] publickly known ; evident or ap- parent ; generally applied in a bad fenfe. NOTO'RIOUSLY, Adv. in a public, evi- dent, or open rrianner, fo us to pioduce con- tempt or infamy. NOTO'RIOUSNf:SS, S. the quality of being univcrf.dly or generally known, io as to expofe to contempt and infamy. NOTTINGHAM, a mayor-borough and county of itfelf, the capital of the (bire'of the fame name. It is one of the pleafanteft places in England, on theafcentof a rock, dole by the Trent, which is navigable by barges to it from the Humber and Hull; and over this river is a large ftone bridge of nine- teen arches, and about a mile long, including the cauieways ; and near it is a cafHe of ihc iame name, belonging to the duke of New- caftle, but much reglefted at prefent. Here king Charles I. firft crcfled the royal ftandard in 1642. In it count Tallard was confined for feven years, after having been taken pri- foner at the battle of Blenheim. 1 he prin- cipal manufaflures here are frame-knitting of (lockings, fome g'afs and earthen ware, par- ticularly tea pots and cups. As they brew very good ale here, fo they make the hefl: malt, great quantities of which is fent by land-carriage into the neighbouring counties. Here are three neat churches ; the principal of thefe is St. Mary. 1 his town has more gentlemen's houfes in it than any other of its bignefs in Great Britain. It fends two mem- bers to parliament, has very convenient cel- larage in the rocks, gives title of Farl to the Finch famiiy, with that of Winchelfea ; and lies 34 miles from Lincoln, and 122 from London. Its markets are on Wednefday, Friday, and Saturday. NOTTI'NGHAMSHIRE, a county of England. It is bounded by Lincolnlhire on the E. Leicerterfhirc on the S. E. and S. by Derbylhire on the W. and by Yorkfhire on the N. W. and N. It is forty-three miles long, and twenty-four broad. It contains nine market-towns, 168 pari(hes,4i^o villages, with 95,000 inhabitants. The air is mild and healthy. It is watcied by at leaf! twen- ty rivers, great and fmall, the principal of which are the Trent and Idle. It lies in the diocefc of York, and midland circuit, fending two knights of the fhire, with two members each for Nottingham, Kafl Ret- ford, and Newark upon Trent. In thi.<; county is the famous Sherwood forelt ; tlie road through which is pleiifant, and a hard bottom for thirty miles together, and in fabu- lous tradition cclclirated among the rommcn people, as the refoit of Robin Hood, and the fcenc of Icvera! of bis exploits, £ff. NOTUS, S. [Lat.J the fouih wind. NOTWITH- N O U N U L NO'TWITHSTAN'DING, Conj. with-; KOl'^R-SHMKNT, S. that whiHiisgi-cn <e>ut any hinJrat. ct or obitruclicn. " "Hicir ; or rtceiveJ in order to promote the growth, gratitude made tlum, Kdivuhfijitdirg Msj or fupport the llitiigih of a pen'on or thing ; "" prohibition, prociuim the uonders." Dee. tif Pic:y. Alrhougl. *' Ncnui:!:.Jlavdii:g it " will weaken him." JdJif. Kevtrthckfs ; however. '' They that honoiii the law, — *• are nc'ivhlJiamiU;} to know.'" Hooker. NO'VKL, Adj. [Ko-jeU:,::, Lat ] new; late- ly made or done \ unuraai. In Civil J.iw, liipportof llren^in or growtli; fupply of no- ceiijrics. NOW, A.^j [ru, Sax. Pref. RJg. and old Teiit. rauh, Goth. J at this time ; at the pre- fent time ; a little while ago. Vvlien begin- ning fevcral branclie.'; of a fcntcnce, it im- plies the prefent time in the firlt, and ano- juined as a ftip^lcment to the Code ; a differ- ther time in the fuofeqiient branches. In _ in form or m.inner, NOVEL, S. Uiovelle, Fr.] an ingenius relation of an adventure or intrigue ; a lo- mance. KO'VELI->T, S. an innovator ; an aHer- •ter of fomclhing new j one who writes tales, called Kc-z'fh. NO'VEr.TY, S. [rrf^vj;..-/, Fr.l ncwnefsj the ftate of a thing unknown before. NOVi'MBER. S. [l.at. Ki-i.'cr,w'e, Fr.] the eleventh mmrh cf the year, reekoning January the firfl ; but th? ninth, whui March was accounted the fi;It. NOVE'NARY, S. [fi-.-vcM^ius, Lat, J a iiupber cr collection confiirmg cf n;ne. NOVE'RC.-^L, Adj. [rrx-.frf«As, Lat.] be coming or like » Uep-mother. Figuratively, j hurtful, miichievous, deltrucftivc cruel, or wantinc; the tendernefs of a natur-1 wlioleromc. frimihar fpecch it implies the prefcnt ftate of things. Ncu.' arJ then, implies, fome lime or another, or at different times. NOW, S. the prefent moment. NO'VV-A-DAYS, Adv. in the prefent age. NO'Vv'ED, Adj. [tiGu'}, Fr.J in Heraldry, knotted or wreathed. NO'WHKRE, Adv. [«7i;i<rr. Sax j not in any pi xe. N(.VVV|SE, Adv. [from r.t and liij't, Bclg.] not In any manner or degree. NO'XiOiJS, Adj. \noxvjs, Lat.] hurtful; dctlruffivc ; iin-wholefonie In Law, gu Ity or li.ible to puniihment. " Ncxioui in the eye *< of the law." Erjmhall. NO'XIOLSNKSS, S. the quality of being ua- mother. NOUGHT, S. lnscht^Kolt,na'W}ht,nr^vit, ^ax. See A'^.'^/'/."i not any thing; nothing. To Jet at nought, fignifies to fliglit, difrcgard, fc<.rn, ©r to loolc on a thing -as of ))o yalue or importance. NOVICE, S. [Fr. ncx-.-'.';<j, 'at.l one not acquainted with any thing ; a freih man ; one juft entered into tlie rudiments or eie- inenrs of any ^rt or fcience ; one who is en- tered into a rci!t,ious houfe or tonvciit, but has not vet t.;ken the vov.-. NOVI'CIATE, S,|r«vV.;jf, Fr.] the n..to of a noyice ; the time in » hicli the firft rudi- ments of gny fcience are taupht ; the time /pent in a icligious houfe, by way of trial, fccfore taking the vow NO'XIOL'SLY, Adv. hurtfully ; in fuch a manner ij to be pernicious and unwholc- fome. NO'ZLE, S. [a diminuthe of vfe] t4:e nofe, fnout, or end of any thing which is holk)W'. See Ncfe. To NU'BBLE, V, A. [from knob] to bruifc with t!ie fift. NL-'BLE, Adj. [Fr. nuhlFr, Lat.] fit for marriage. NU'CLEUS, S. [Lat 1 in Botany, the ker- nel or edible part of a nut, or (lone fruit; airy fruit contained within a hulk or fliell. In Art.onomy, the body of a comet, by fonre called its head, iii c-jntradillinftion of its tail. J he central parts of the earth and other planets. In Aichiteelure, the middle part of the floor- NOL'N, S. [i.cir., Fr. rcme/i, Lat.] a wor.i ing of the ancients, confilling of a (Irong ce- by which any thing, quality, or accident i.'i I ment, over which they laid the 1)avement, expiefTed ; or a word which, by mutual a- i bound with mortar. In Surgery, any thing greemcrit, is ufid to exprefs any idea. '> about which matter is gathered, and clofely To NOURISH, V. A. [pronounced wr- adheres. rijh ; from n&urrir, Fr.] to increafe the di irenHons of any thing, or fupport by food. Figuratively, to fupport or maintain ; to en- courage or foment ; to train up or educate. Neuterly, to increafe in growth or flrength by means of food. NL"DITY, S. [nudke', Fr. from nudui, Lat.] nakedncfs. NU'GATORY, Adj. [mgatorlus, Lat.] trifiing; inftgnificant. " Too much addicted '« to the nugatory art." Bcntley, NU'ISANCE, S. [Fr pronounced na/in.-f] NOU'RISHABLE, Adj. capable of afford- i foinething which is bo'li pernicious and offen- ing nourifhmcnt ; capable oi increafing the five. In Law, any thing which damages or growth, or fuppoi ting flrength ; ceip.jblc of j annoys the neighbourhood, having its growth or firength fupportcd by To NULL, V. A. [r.ulhs, Lat.] to deprive food. I of force or efficacy. To let aflde^ applied to NOU'RISHER, S. the perfon who fup- ' laws ports or maintains ; the thing or food which i NULL, Adj. [.W.'.v.'j Lat.] void ; oi no increafcs ;;ro*th and fupports flrength. | force or efficacy. N U M NULLj S. fomething that has no power or meaning. The msrks, in cyphered writings, which Ihmd for nothiiic;, are md^s. NULLIIJIKTY, S. [nuliibi, Lat.j the rtate of being no where. ToNULLIFV, V A. to make voiJ, or render of no force or efircary. NULLITY, S. \nullve\ Fr.] want of force or efficacy ; want of ey-iltcnce. NUMB. Adj. fHeh.] deprived of feeling in a great meafuie and the power of motion ; producing fwcli a chiilnefs, a: almoil deprives of the povver of motion and feeling. To NUMB, V. A. to deprive, in a great meafure, of the power of motion, and the fenfe cf feeling, by cold or a blow. To KU'MBKR, V. A. 1 r.owbicr, Fr. r.u- miro, Lat.J to count, reckon, or tell Iw.v m^ny are contained in any coUccflioH or film. .ND'MBF.R, S. [vcmJ-rc, Fr. ruinerus, Lat ] that fpecies of tjwantity, which anf-.vers to the ^ueftion : " H'.ivmany.'" Any particular « colleflion of nnits ; many; moic than one. Harmony, or proportion calculated by niim- bcrs. In Poetry, a verfc. In Grammar, the variation or termination of a noun, by wliich it fignifies a fingle one, or more than one. NU'iVinRR;'J,R, S. one who counts how many finglc ones or units are contained in any collcifiion. NU'MBERLT="SS, Adj. rot to be counted ; not to be exprjlTed by numl)ers. NU'MBNESS, S. the (tare of being, in a great meafure, deprived of the fenfe of feel- ing, and the power of motion. NU'MERASLE, Adj. [ Fr. mtmcrabiih, Lat ] capable of being counted, or exprtlTcd by figures. NU'MERAL, Adj. [Fr. from rumerus, Lat J btlonging to, or confiding of num- bers. NU'MERALLY, Adv. according to num- ber. NU'MERARY, Adj. \n,fr.e,-us, Lat.] any thing belong-ng to a ceit.dn number. NUME'R ATION,S. [Fr. r.umcratio, Lat.] the art of numbering. In Arithmetic, the rule which teiches to csprefs any number propofed in figures, and to read any number written in fig;ires, NU'?vIERATOR, S. [Lat] one that reads any numljer, or counts any colie(flion ; the upper figure in a vulgar fraction, which fhews bow many parts the int'.-ger is fiippofed to be divided into, as exprefled by the fraiflion : thus in the fradion |, the figure 7 is the nu- merator. NUMK'RICAL, Adj. [mw.erus, Lat.] de- roting number ; belonging to number : the fame not only inkind or fpecies, butlikewife in number. NUMERICALLY', Adv. with reOied to number. N U R NU'MERIST, .S. one that conHders num- hers as having fomc fecret influence on pcr- fons or things. NUMERO'SITY, S. {fwmerofus, Lat.j number ; multitude ; the ftate of being nu- merous. Harmony, or agreeable flow, ap- plied to veifc. NU'MFROUS, Adj. [numcrcfusy Laf.] con- tainiog or confiding of many. KU'MK.ROUSNESS, S. the quality of coniiilingof many. i he quality of exciting a fcniation of harmony or melody, applied to verft. NU'MMARY, Adj. [from wawwai, Lat.} relat ng to money. NU'VlVIULAR, Adj. [nummulcirhs, Lat.) relating to money. NU'TmSKULL, S. [probable from numb, infciUible, and y^;;//] a perfon of flow capa- city ; a dunce, or blockhead. NU'MSKULLED, Adj. dull ; ftupid. NUN, S. [ot(». Sax, noiwe, Fr.] n femala belonging to a religious houfe, by her vow debarred from any converfe \\\l\\ the male lix. In Natural Hiftory, a kind of bird. NU'iSfCIATURE, S. [{torn nunciatus, o^ numb, Lat.] the office of a ivjncio. NU'NCIO, S. [Ital.] a mefienger; ao envoy or imbadidor from the Pope. NL'NCUPATIVE, or NU'NCUPATO- RY, Adj. [m<ncu^atif, FT.nuKCufaC!'vus,'Lat.'\ publicklv or solemnly declared ; pronounced or exprciR-d by words. NU'NNERY, S. [from «.«] ahoufefor the reception of religious females, who by vow are obliged to have no commerce with men. NU'PTIAL, Adj. [Fr. nuptialis, Lat.] be- longing to marriage. NU'PTIALS,S. [it has no fingalarj from nufriee, Lat.] marriage, NURSE, S. ^nouryiffe, Fr.] a woman who bi'ings up thechild of another, or has thecare of a fick peifon ; one that breeds, educate";,. or proteds. " Rome, ihenurje of judgment." Shak The flate of being nurfcd. In Com- pofition, applied to any thing that fupplies nurture, food, or aliment, To NUR.se, V. A, [nounh; Fr. or by contraction from tiourijh] to bring u^ 'the child of another perf6n ; to feed, keep, or maintain ; to take care of a fick perfon j ta pamper, foment, encourage, or cherifh. NU'RSER, S. one that niirfes or takes careof theinfant of another, or a fickperfon; one that encourages or foments. NU'RSER Y, S. the aa or office of bring- ing up the child of another, or attending a fick perfon j that which is the objecfl of a nurfc'scare ; a plantation of young trees to be tranfplanted ; the place where yoiing chil- dren are fiiken care of, and brought up ; the place: or date where any thing is fodered or brought up. NU'RSLING, N Y M NU'RSLTNG, S. [a dimunitive o^trurfc] one that is iirought up by a nurfe. NU'RTURE, S. jcontrafted from roaW- turc, oinounlr, Fr.] food, diet, or any thing •which fupports life, or promotes growth. To NU'RTURE, V. A. to educate, or bring up. To NU'STLE, V. A. [corrupted from Kurfle] to fondle or cherith. NUT, S. \hnut. Sax. noil, Belg. noce, Ital. »KX, Lut.] the fruit of a tree, conlidin" of a kernel covered by a hard (hell ; the worm of a fcrew. NU'TBRO"WN, Adj. brown as, or of the colour of, a nut kept lon<;. NU'TCR ACKER, S. 'an inftrument ufcd in cracking the fl)ellsof nuts. NU'TGALL, S. the excrefccnce of an oak. NU'THOOK, S. a (lick with a hook at the end, ufed in pulling down the boughs of a tree to gather nuts. NU TMEG, S. [nut and mu^uet, Fr.]the kernel of a large fruit like a peach, feparated from the mai-e wiiich furrounds it. It is ot a round'fli oval figure, of a conipacl or firm texture, furrowed in its fuvface, of an agree- able fmell, and aromatic tafte. 1 he male is Ung and cylindrical, but lefs aro;natic than the female, which is Ihapcd like an olive. The tree refcmblts our pear-tree, its leaves OAT o. O, have a fragrant fmcU whtiher green or dry, undcrdanding Tlie fourteenth letter of the alpha- bet, and the fourth vowel ; is bor- _ rowed by us from the Saxon, and is written in that language, and in the Latin and Greek, from whence it is originally derived in the fame form. When followed by an a fervilc, or an a not pronounced, or by an e at the end of a word, which is mute likewife, it is pronounced long ; otherwife it is gene- rally fhort, excepting before //, as in drolly which is pronounced drok. Among the Irifli it is ufed at the beginning of the name of a family, as a charader of dignity, and ferves to diflinguilh thofe houfes from the common- alty. Among the ancient Romans it is u ed as a numerical letter, lignifying eleven, and, when a da(h was added at the top, thus O, to fignify ii,ooo. In Mufic, the great O is a note of time called a femibreve. O, Intcrj. [o, Goth.] nfcd to exprefs either wilhing, exclamation, or a fenfation of pain. Uted lubllantively, for a circle. " Withio " this wooden 0." Shak. OAF, S. [written likewife at:f, cfe, and cl^'b, and is a corruption of alf, ahe, Belg.] a changeling j a perfon of weak undcrftand- ing ; a tool. OA'FISH, Adj. ftupid J filly; of a weak and the trunk or br.nchcs, when cut, pro- duce a red liquor like blood. NU'TRIMENT, S. ( »afn'».t;;.'«w, Lat.] that which feeds or nourilhes. NUTRlxME'NTAL, Adj. ha\ing the qualities of food ; artbrding nourifhment. NU'TRI'TION, S [Fr. nut/iih. Lit.] the aft or quality of fupporting Ifrtngth, and in- trealing growth. NU'IRI'TIOUS, Adj. [nutriu!, from ;;«- trl», Lat.] having the quality of fupporting the ftrength, orincrealJug the growth. NU Tkl'TIVE, Adj [tn.nitus, Lat.] hav- ing the power to nourilh. NU'TRITURE, S. the power of nourilh- ing. NU'TSH^^LL, S. the hard (he!! or fub- flance, which inclofcs the kernel of a nut. NU'T-TK EE, S. a tree that bears nuis. To NU'ZZLE, V. A. to nurfe or foUcr 5 to go with the nofe dow n like a hog NYMPH, S. [r.ymyba, Lat. from HijM<f)»i, Gr.] in ancient Mcthology, a goddt-fs of the •wooos, meadows, or waters. In Poetry, a Toung lady, gtn<.rally applied to one that is u virgin. N^'MPHAL, Adj. belonging to nymphs. OA'FISHNESS, S. the quality of being flupid, foolilli, and of a wciik underftanding. OAK. S. \aac, ac, tec, bax. tck, Run.j in Botanv, the ^ucrcus, a niafl bearing tree, fo named from K-fyu, Gr. to make rough, on account of the loughnefs of its bark. Lin- nrus pLces it in the 8th li:^. of his 21ft clals. 1 he fpecics are 20. OA'K-ArPLK, S. a kind of fpungy ex- crcfcenre, which !;iows on an oak. OA'KEN, Adj. [amn, Sax.] made of oak. OA'KEN riN. S. an ppr'c (o called from its hardncls ; it is a lalling Iruil, yields ex- cellent juice, and is like tlie Weftbury-apple in nature, though not in form. O.'^'Kl'M, S. ropes untwilteil, and ra- ced to h mp, wl.icii are made life of, wlitrt dipped in pitch, to caulk, or flop the leaks of lliips. OAR, S. Fare, Sax. /irtrc, Dan. <:«»-, Tft.] a long pole with a broad tliin end, by which boats and otiier vclitls *re rowed or moved along the water. lo OAR, V. N. to row. Aftivt!y, lo move by lowing, or I<y means of t)ars. OA'RY, Adj. ri.-fcni'bling an oar. OA'T-CAKE, S. [from e<-ri] a cake made of the mc.d q( oats. OA'TEN, Adj. [from can and eii] made of oats, 01 of ihe flalks of oats. 4 OATi;, OBJ O B L OATH, S. [aitb, Goth, atv, Sax.] a fo- fented to' the mind by the fenfes or imigina- n affirmation, wherein we apply to God lioii ; the matter ot an art or fcience, or that ; witnefs of thetrut!) of uhat wc fay. In about which it is employed. The Tfiaterial ob- juJiciul appeals of this nature, an oath con-\ jeSi, is the thing jtfelf which is confidcred : t j'lns likewife a claufe, which becomes a curfe, thus the human body is the ir.atenal objeB of •a cafe of wilful faKity or perjury, as we beg medicine. Tht formai oijeS}, is the manner ro be faved only in proportion to the truth in which it is conlldcred : thus the humaa ct our evidence. OA'THAi.'.LE, Adj. capable of taking an <.th. '^ Yoa arc n^t ojt/jjLk." Sbak. Not i'.i ufr, OA'THBREAKING, S. perjury, or the Idtion of an oath. OA'TMEAL, S. [generally pronounced ::.il] flour made l)y grinding oats. In Bo- y, the name of an herb. OATS, S. [atcn, Sax. ceiuefe. Ruff.] a kind of bearded grain, of which a co.irfe bread is made in fomc countries, and ufed likewife for food for horfcs. body, confidcred with a view of healing it, is the formal oLjeH of medicine. In Gram- mar, a word which is governed by another ; thus the accufitive is called the chled of a verb tranfitive. OB'JECT-GLASS, S. the glafs of a tele- fcope, or a microfcopc, which is neareft the thing to be viewed, and fartheft from the eye. To OBJECT, V. A. [chjcaer, Fr.] to op- pofe ; to accufe w itli a fault, crime, or fonic- thing not confident with reafon. OBJE'CTION, S.^ [Fr. djiaio, Lat.] the a£t of placing any thing in oppofition ; the To OBDU'CE, V. A. l_cbduco^ Lat.] to a£t of oppofing any argument, or charging draw over as a covering. OBDU'RACY. S. [from obdurate] a ftate wherein a perfon is moved by no entreaties, intimidated by no threats, but remains im- penitently wicked, or barbaioully hard- hearted. OBDU'RATE, Adj. [obJur.vm, Lat.] im- penitently wicked ; immovcabh cruel. OUUU'RATELY, Adv. iii a Itubborn, inficKible, or impenitent manner. OBDU'RATENESS, .S. the quality of be- ing impenitent, iiificxibie, or obllinate. OBDU'RATIOM, S. hardnefs of heart j ftubliornnefs. OGE'DIEKCE, S. [Fr.rWif«rw,Lat.] the perform^iiice of tht ciminands of a fuperior. OBE'IMENT, Adj. \ohidler.i, Lat.] per- forming or complying with the commands of a fuperior. OBEDIE'NTIAL, Adj. {vbidkntlal, Fr,] according to the rules of obcdisnce. OBE'DIENTLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to perform the commands of a fuperior. OBEl'SANCE, S. iMaiJatue, Fr.J a bow, applied to a man ; a couritfy, applied to a woman. O'HELISC. or O'BELISK, S. [obdijcui, Lat. from c?e>.o,, Gr.j a pyramid very flcnder and high, having foui faces, IcfTcning gr.idu- ally upwards, till it tcrniinatfS in a point, generally raiicd as an ornament in fome public place. ]n Printing, a mark made in the margin of a book, iiftd as a uole, and form- ed thus f . ORERA'TION, S. U'eratus, of ohcro, Lat.] the adt of wandering about. Oi3EiiE, Auj. [obej'us, Lac] fat; corpulent. OBE'SENF.SS, or ORE'SITY, S. [from abefe] too great or exccffivc corpulency. To OBE'Y, Y. A. [deir, I'r.J to perforin the commands of a fuperior. OB'jEC I', S. [dj.a, Fr. djalum, Lat.] that about whicli any uf the fenfes or mind is employed ; fomcthiug appichciidcd.and pic- with a crime j an argument produced in op- pofition to fomething already aHerted j a- fault found. OBJE'CTIVE, Adj. [objeBlf, Fr.] be- longing to or contained in the objcft. " Oh- ^* jeBi-ve certainty is when the oppofition is " certainly true in itfelf, ^nifuhjeai've^whta •• we are certain of it." JVatss. OBJE'CTIVELY, Adv. in the manner of an object ; in the ftate of oppofition. OBJE'CTIYENESS, S. the ftate of being an objeft. OBJE'CTOR, S. one who raifis difficul- ties againft an opinion oralTcrtion. OBJURGA'TION, S. [objur^ath. Lit.} reproof} reproach. OBLA'TE, Adj. [oblacus, Lat.] flatted at the poles, applied to fpheroid. OBLA'TION, S. [oblaiio, Lat.] anything offered to God as a facrifice, or an a£l of worlhip. To OB'LIGATE, V. A. [clliram, Lat. oi obl'igo, Lat.] to bind by contract, kindnefi, or duty. OBLIGA'TION, S. [Fr. ohllgatio, Lat.] the neceUity of doing or omitting any action in order to be happy ; the binding power of any oath, vow, duty, or contra(f> ; an art which binds to fome perf»rmance ; a favour which binds a man to gratitude. In Law, a bond, wherein is contained a penalty condi- tioned for the payment of money. OBLIGATORY, Adj. [M,gatdrc, Fr.] binding, or having the power to enforce the performance or omifliun of fomething ; cor ercive. To OBLI'GE, V. A. [pronounced obltegt\ obligtr, Fr.] to bind, enforce, or compel to fomething 5 to lender thcdoingor not doing of fomething neccflaiy in order to fome cndj to pleafe, or gratify. " The fame duties tlitt " oblige, their prince." ^ddif. OBLIGE'E, S. the ptnfon bound by a written contraftor bond. 03LIGER, O B N OBLI'GER, S. he who binds by any con- trxft. OBLI'GTNCt, Part, and Adj. [pronounced thlceging, from obliznm, Lat.J civil ; con- feiring a favour in fuch a manner as lo ren- der the receiver bownd to make returns of gratitnde. OBLI'GINGLY, Adv. [pronounced o- Ikcgingfy] in a kind, civil, and engaging manner. OBLl'GTNGNESS, S. [pronounced cW?f- g^ngr!cfi\ the quality of contl-rring a favour, or doing a kindnefs, fo as to render the re- ceiver indebted to mjke returns of gratitude ; civility. OBLI'QUE, Adj. [Fr. olUjuus, Lat.] aflant ; not in a ftrait line, or perpendicular direftion ; indirc<fl. In Gr:inimar, applied to all cafes of nouns, excepting the nomina- tive. OBLI'QUELY, Adv. in an indireft man- ner; in a direftion whicii is neither perpen- dicular, nor in a ftrait line j not in the diredl or literal meaning. OBLrQUENESS, or OBLl'QL'ITY, S. [obUjuite, Fr.] a deviation from natural reOi- mde; a deviation from a perpendicular or a right line ; a deviation from moral reftitude, ©f the rules of morality. To OBLI'TERATE, V. A. [obllteratus, Lat.] to efface or rub out any thing written ; to wear out, deftroy, or eflkce from the mc- moty, OBLITERA'TION, S. iobnteratio, Lat.] the act of effacing any thing written, or de- fcroying any monumental infcription, orren- <lering any thing forgotten, or not to be traced by the memory. OBLI'VION, S. Uin-vio, Lat.] the ftate of the mind wherein it is unable to revive the trcces or ideas of things once feen ; f^rgetful- nefs. An a6i cf cbli-viori, is an aft wherein a oeneral pardon is proclaimed for offences againft a frate. OBLl'VIOUS, Adj. [cbli'vkfus, Lat.] cauf- ing forgetfulnefs OBL O'NG, Adj. [Tr.ohkngus, Lat.] longer than broad. OBLO'NGNESS, S. the quality or ftate of being broader than long. O'BLOQUY, S. \obh'ji!er, Lat.] ccnfo- rious fpccch ; language by which any perfon or thing is reprcfentcd to its difadvantage ; flander ; the caufc of lepro.-xh. OBNO'XIOrS, A,},]{obncx:us, I.Ht.] fub- je£l ; liable to bepunifbcd; liable to be ex- pofcd. OBNO'XIOUSNE-SS, S. the quality oi ftate of being fubjcft, or being liable to pu- nilhment. OBNO'XIOUSLY, Adv. in a ftate of fi'b- jeflion, or in 'he ftate of one li.ible to piinifh- ment. To OnNU'BlLATE, V. A. labi.ubuktum, Lat J to cioud J to make obfcure. \ O B S CRSCE'NE, Adj. [Fr. cbfciPrut, Lat.J iiTiniodcft ; iiinitty; ruiling unchafie ideas; offi iilive or difj^ui'titig ; inaufpicioiis ; un- lucky. " Birds ohfccfie take flight." Dryd. OB.'^CE'NELY, Adv. in an immodeft, unchafte, or fimuty manner. OB.SCE'NENESS, or OBSCE'NITY, S. \o'-fccniit', Fr. ] impurity or immodefcy in thought, word, or deed. Or!SCL'RA'TION, S. [ohpurcifh, Lat.l ' the aft of darkening, or depriving of light ; the ftate of being deprived of light. ORSCU'RF, Adj. [ohfcur, Fr. dfcu-us, i Lat.J dark ; gloomy. Net eafily to be under- i flood J perplexed or difficult, applied to writ- ings. Not noted or famous. " He is an " cbj'cu'c perfon." ^-I'.icyh. lo OBSCU'RE, V. A. \ohja,ro, Lat.] to d.:rkcFi ; to make lefs vifible. Figur.itively, to render lefs eafy to be undcrflood, applied to the mind. To deprive of beauty or dig- nity, applied to rank. OESCU'RELY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to (hew want or privation of light ; in a dark or gloomy manner ; out of fight ; in a mean, private m.mner j in a ftation neither j confpicuous or famous. OBSCU'RENESS, or OBSCU'RITY, S. [ohfcuritc, Fr. olfcuntas, Lat.] a ftate of diik- nefs, or that wherein is a privatirn of light ; piivacy ; a ftate \\ herein a perfon lives unoli- fervi.d, or unknown. Darknefs of meaning, applied to words, OBSECRA'TIONT, S. [cbfccrath, Lat.] ia- treaty or fupplication. 0'BSE(VU1ES, S. {ohjcque^, Fr. from cb- fc^u'ium, Lat.] the funeial orbuiial rites per- formed by way of rcfpeft to a perfon at his inleroient. Milton and Crafhaw ufe it in the fingular, which Johnfon fuppofes more proper, though the whole body of authors is againft them. " With filent objtquy, and " fuiiernl train." Milt. Agoiiift. ^_ OBSE'QIIIOUS, Adj. [from ohjcqmum, Lat,] obedient j compLifant in order topleafe I or gratify. ] OBSE'(:^I0rSNESS,S.pafnveobedicnce, '' or compliance with the humours and wifiics of another, ir order to gain hiseftecm. O r; S K'R V A B I E , Adj . [ from obfcr-vo, Lat.] J remarkable ; df ferving notice, OBsr.'RVANCE, S. [Fr.] rcfpeft; reli- gious or ccrcnionial reverence; ihepraft'ceof any duty or command; a I iw or rule for praftice or conduft j careful obedience ; at- tention ; regard. OBSE'RVA\T, Part, [olfni'am, Lat.} ,itter.;ive; c^srefu! ; watchful; obedient; vc- fpcftfully attentive ; fuhmifhve. OBbKR V A'TION, S. [ Vv.obfc,-vatlo,'L7M.1 the aft of taking nctice of thing? and perfons, and drawing ii/fcrentes therel)y ; a repiaik ; an animadvcrfion ; a notion ganed by cor- fidering pcrf'.ns or things. In ^ca Lan- guage, the aft of taking the fun or any ftar s Bieri- O B S O B T thich hieridian altituJe, to find the latitude of a j m«nt, which hinders the adion of any body, place. or the exertion of the powers and faculties of OBSERVA'TO"?, S. fe^/fr't>^f.'Kr,Fr.] one the body or the foul. In Medicine, the ftop- that confiders a tiling attentively, or makes page, or blocking up any canal or pafllge in remarks on any occurrence ; one that makes the human body, fo as to prevent the flowin<» obfervjrionsconcernini.'; the heavenly bodies, of any fluid through it. OBSERVA'TORVrs. a place built for OBSTRU'CTIVE, Adj. [dflyu^if, Fr.] making aflronon.ical obfervations, or obfcrv- car.Iing hindrance or impediment, ing the heavenly bodieF. To OBSE'RVE, V. A. fd/crwr, Fr. oi- fervo, Lat. ] to watch ; to look at; to regard or confiderwith attention; to perceive by attention ; to regard ; to keep reiioioudy. Neuterly, to apply the mind or eye with great attenti-jn ; to be attentive. OBSfl'RVER, S. one who looks vigilant- ly or attentively at perfons, or things ; one that remarks, looks on, or beholds j one who praOifes any rite, cuftom or law. OBSTRU'CTIVE, S. any thing hinders or impedes. OB'STRUENT, Part, [clfrucm, Lat.] flopping or blocking up any pada^e. OBSTUPEFA'CTIYE, Adj. {olfiupvfaatn, from objiupcfacio, Laf.] ^unifying j or ob- truding the vigour of the mind. " The " force of it is oLflupefaEli'ver A-Aot. To OB'A'IN, V. A. [oLtemr, Fr. cbti- neo, Lat.] to gain, acquire, or procure by means of labour and diligence ; to acquire OBSE'RVINGLY, Adv. with attention ,j by means of favours or intreaty. Neuterly, heed, or care. to continue in ufe ; to be eflablifhtd ; to OBSE'SSION, S. [oifefo, Lat.] the aft of befieging. In Divinity, the firfl attack of Satan, antecedent to pollinion. OBSOLE'TE, Adj. \olfktus, Lat.] not in ufe ; worn out ; unfafhionabie, OBSOLE'TEN'ESS, S. the quality of be- ing no longer ufed or of being out of fjlhion. OB'STACLE, S. fFr. olfiaculum, Lat. J fomething which oppofes the exertion of any power, either of body or mind. OBSTE'TIUC. Adj. [c/^T?^.'?-;;^, Lat.] be- longing to a midwife. OBSTETRICA'TION, S. performing the part of k midwife. OB'STINACY, S. \ohflmathn, Fr. oljli- fiatio, Lat. ) the ^(\ of refufing to a<fl or af- fent, notwith landing the moil reRfonatle and cogent motives. .OBSTINATE, Adj. [ohftinatus, Lat.] re- fufing to aft or aHent j immovably refotved. OB'STINATELY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to remain culpably fi.ved or refolute ; in fuch a !nar.ner as to be inflexibly refoiute. OE'STINATENESS, S. the quality or flate of being immovalily fixed in i. pinion, or inflexibly rcfolvtd either to omit or commit any adlion, not with ftanding the flrongeft reafons to the contrary. OBSTLWTION, S. I o '/?//.», Lat.] the aft of (lopping ip any paflagc. OBSTRPl'PER' )US. Adj.[c)/y?r</>frttj,Lat.] making a loud noifc from a turbulent or ob- flinate difpofition. OBSTREPEROUSLY, Adv. in a noify or clamorous manner. OBSTRE'PEROUSNESS, S. loudnefs, oc- cafioncd by clamour, obflinacy, or tuibu- lence. To OBSTRU'Cr, V. A. [otJiruSJus, from thftruo, Lat.] to block up any p. fliige. Figu- ratively, to hinder bar, or be in the way of ; to oppofe, or retard by oppcfinf. OBSTRU'CTION, S. \oQ,uak, Lat.] any hindrance, difficulty, obltaclc, or impedi- prevail or fucceed. OBTA'INABLE, Adj. capable of being procured. OBTA'INER, S. one that acquires any thing by labour, conceflion, or by means of his own entreaties, and the kindnefs of an- other. 'Jo OBTE'ND, V. A. [ohtendo, Lat.] to oppofe ; to hold out in oppofuion ; to pre- tend ; to make ufe of reafon as a pretext ; to impute to as the caufe. " Cbter.dirg heav'n " for whate'er ills befal." Dryd. Seldo.ii ufed. To OBTE'ST, V. A. \oLteftor, Lat.] to befccch or implore. " 'Ghtji his mefcy." Dryd. OBTESTA'TION, S. {oLuJlath, Lat.] tlie aft of befeechlng or imploring. 0BTRECTA'T10N,S. {dtretlatui, Lat.] the aft of robbing a perfon of hi.s charafttr or reputation, by the imputation of f'.;ll<: crimes ; flander. To OBTRl"DE, V. A. [obtnido, Lat ] to force into any (late by violence or impolturej to force by *requcnt importunity. OBTRU'!>ER, S. a pcrlbn that endea- vours 10 make any thing pafs for what it is not, by impoftureand imjortunity. "The " oZ-rr/zi/crj of falfe ones." Boyk. OBTRU'SION. .S, [obtnifus, Lat ] the aft of farcing in to any Hate by violence or impoilure. OBTRU'SIVE, Adj. inclined to forceonc's fclf, or any thing clfe, upon another. " Not " obvious, not oLtrnJt've, but retired." Par. Loft. ■ o OBTU'ND, V. A. [ol>a:r,Jo, Lat.] to blunt, dull, quell, or dcidcn. OBTURa'TION, S. [obturatui, Lat.] the aft of flopping up any pafl;ige or aperture, by fmeaving fomething over it. OBTL'S.'/NGULAR, Adj. [from obtufus i.nA an^ultis, Lat.] having obtufc angles, or an<jles larger than right ones, X X OBTUSS o c c O G H OBTUSE, Adj. [ohtujtis, Lat.] not po'mt-| fliut up. " Occluding the pores. »J or (harp ; bUint. Figuratively, dull, flu- j Not in ufe. Bratoit' pificd ; notquick. " Thy fenfcs then cbtufe." Par. Lo/}. Scarcely perceptible ; confuled. *' An cbtufe found." OBTUSELY, Adv. without an edge or point ; in a dull, ftapid, and almoft infen lihle manner OuCLU'SE, Adj [occlufus, Lat.] (hut up ; clofc'd. OCCUTL-T, Adj. [occulte, Fr. ecailfus, Lat. J fecret ; hidden ; unknown ; undifco- verabie. OCCULTA'TION, S. [occultatio, Lat.] OBTUSION, S. the act of dulling or in A(tronomy, the hiding, or time of hiding blaming ; the ftate of being made Itupid, or in a great mcai'ine rlcpiived of fenfation. •' Obtiiji'.n of the fenf^j ' Harwy. ToOUVE'RT, V. A. [olj-vcrt!,, Lat. 1 to turn towards. " If its bufe be ob'verud to- •' wayds us." W^tts. To O'BVIATE, V. A, [el'viatum,^ Lat. e!:vicr, Fr.] to go to mtet ; to meet in the way; to prevent ; to fee afide. O'BVIOUS, Adj. (oii/ii/j, Lat.] meeting j any thinj ; oppofed in front to any thing, i Figuratively, open ; cxpofed. " 0/mious to i " difpute." Par. Loft. Eafily difcovered, or phin, applied to fcntiments. CyBVIOUSLY, Adv. without much ftudy or thought; at firft fight; evidently; plainly. C'BVIOUSNESS, S. the (late or quality of being evident, apparent, or cafily difcoveied and iinderllood by the mind. To OIJU'MljRATEj V. A. \dumlratum, Lat.] to fh.de, cloud, or render any thing icfs^illhle. OCCA'SION, S. [Fr. ccrafn, Lat,] an incident, or thing which feems neither done or happening by defign ; an unforefcen op- portunity ; an accidental caufe ; a proper a flar from our light, when eclipfcd by inter- pofition of the body of the moon, or fomc other planet between it and us. OCCU'LTNESS, S. the date of being fc- cret, hid, or not difcoverable. OCV-UPANCY, S. [occtipam, Lat.] the aft of t:iking pollcffion. OCCUPANT, S. [eccupans, Lat.] one that takes poflelTion. To OC'CUPATE, V. A. \occupatum, Lat. I from occupo, Lat.] to poflefs, hold,- or take I up. I OCCUPA'TION, S. [Fr. occupatk, Lat.] the aifl of taking pofledion ; an ehiployment, bulaiefs, trade, or calling. OCCUPFER, S. rfrom«f<ra^j!]apo(rc(ror J one that lakes podedlon j dne who folUws- any employment. To OCCUPY, V. A. [occuper, Fr. occu- po, Lat.] to pofiefs, keep, or take up ; to employ or bufy ; to follow as a trade or bu- (incfs, to ufe, employ, or expend. " All " the gold occ-.ipied in the work." Exed. xxxviii. Neuterly, tapraolife or follow any bufmefs. To OCCU'R, V. N. ['.ccurr^, Lat.] to time or reafon for doing any thing j a cafual prefent to the memory or underflanding j to or unforefcen need or exigence. appear in different places ; to meet, cli(h, ov To OCCA'SION, V. A. [6cm7;;w, Fr.J (frike againft. to caiile without defign ; to caufe or produce; OCCU'RRENCE, S. fFr.] an incident or to influence or induce. " Occajiom men to common event ; the fcute of being often pi'c- *' make fcveral combinations." Locke. OCCA'SfONAL, Adj. [occafisr.d, Fr.] ca- fual ; incidental ; not made defignedly or on purpofe ; producing without defign ; produced by rccafion, paiticular circum (lance, or by iucidcnt:'il exigence. 0CCA'.S10NALLY, Adv. cafually, or on aocouivt of !omc prefent or unforefeen emer- gency ; jncidentalJy. OCCA'SION ER, S. one that caufcs or produces by defign or accident. OCCEGA'TIOM, S. [occaxatio, Lat.] the id of blinding, w making blind. OCCIDENT, S. [o..;Vji«s, Lat.] the weft. ♦^ His bright-pallage to the accident." Sbak. Not in ufe. OCCIDE'NTAL, A^. [occidema/is, Lat.] wcflern. OCCI'DUOUS, Adj. [occidu-M, Lat.] wcflcrn. O CFPITAL, Adj. [occipitaH.', Lat. placed in the hinder part of the head. pCCI'PUT, S. [Lat.] the hinder part of 1f5*c he -d. f o OCCLUDEj V. A. [occludo, Lat.J to fented to the mind, or happening often. OCCU'RRENT, S. [occurcnt, Fr. cccur- ra's, Lat.] any event or thing that happens. OCCU'RSION, S. [cccurjus, Lat.] a clafh or Mow, occafioned by the meeting of two bodies together. O'CEAN, S. [Fr. occamis, Lat. aixeavaj, Gr.] the vaft coilcOien of fait and navigable water which encompafics the whole globe of the earth ; its furface, according to Dr Keil's computation, is 85,490,506 fquare miles, and fuppofing its depth at a medium to be one- fourth of a mile, its whole quantity of water mull be 2 r, ■571,616 and a lialf cul)ic miles. Any houndlefs or immcnfe expanfe or idea. " The bonndlcfs oceans of eternity." Ltcke. O'CEAN, Adj belonging to the main fea; " Swim the oivtfB flream." P<i/-. I.^. Seldom ufed. O'CHRE, S. [ochre, ocre, Fr. s^pa, Gr.] earth that has a rough and naturally dufly furface, flightly cohering, compoicd of fine foft clayey particles, readily diffufed in water, and of different colours. O'CHREOUS, Adj. confining of ochre. O'CJHREY,. Odd O'CHREY, Ai.ij. abonncilng in ochre ; Viaving the ijiiahties of ochre. O'CTAGON, S. [from txriu anJ ■yaiviit, Gr.] in Geometry, a figure confifting of eight fides and angles. OCTAGO'NAL, A Jj.havingeight angles. OCTA'NGUI..AR, Adj. [from »f/#, and anguluz, Lat.] having eight angles. OCTA'NGULARNESS, S. the quality of having eight angles. OCTANT, or OCTILE, Adj. \o!io, Lat.] in Aflrology, applied to a planet in fuch appolition, with rcfpedf to another, that their places arc only one eighth of a circle, or 48 degrees diftant from each other. OCTA'VE, S. IcFfa-vus, Lat.] the eighth day after fome particular feftivrd : according to Ainfworthj eight days together after a fe- ftlval. In Mufic, an eighth, or harmonical interval confilHng of eight tonesor degrees of founds. OCTA'VO, S. [Lat.] applied to a hook, whofe leaves are oneei<;hthof a Ihect of paper. OCTE'NNIAL, Adj. [from 6.7o, anda;j- rus, Lat.] happening every eighth year j lad- ing eight years. OCTO'BER, S. [Lat.] the tenth month in order from January. O'CTONARY, Adj. {oFmtantn, Lat.] confining of eight; belonging to the num- ber eight. OCTONO'CUL.AR, Adj. [from c,?.?, and callus, Lat.] having eight eyes. " Spiders, " for the moft part, are ociomculary Dcrh. ■ OCTOPE'TALOUS, Adj. [fromo;£74;, and Wr7aXov, Gr.] having eight flower leaves. O'CTOSTYLf:,' S. [from ok1« and r!;Xi, Gr.J the face of a building having eight co lumns. O'CTUPLE, Adj. \oF}'.,pba, Lat.] eight, fold. O'CULAR, Adj. {oculah-:, Fr. from ocu- his, Lat.] depending on the eye ; known or difcovercd by the eye. O'CULARLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be vifible to the eye; by means of thefight. O'CULATE, Adj. [catlatui, Lat.] having eyes ; knowing or perceiving by the eye. O'CULIST, S. [cad:is, Lilt.] one who pro- fei?cs to cure the difordcrs of the eyes. O'CULUS, B£Li, S [Laf.J among mo- dern jewellers, an accidental variety of tlic agate kind, having a grey horny ground, wiili circular dcJineations, and in the middle a ipeck or fpot, refembling the fight of the eye, whence it derives its name. ODD, Adj. [od, odid, Brit, rare ; cdcne, RufT. edne, Sclav, udda, Swed ] not even ; not to be meafured by any even number; not to be divided into even numbers : fomething more \ fomcthing exceeding a round num- ber, or the number mentioned ; pailicuiar ; flrangr ; not minded j whimfical ; fantadi- cal ; u!icommon. O'DDLY, Adv. in 3 flr.inge, fingnlar, or O E I unaccountable mr,nner ; in fuch a manner as not to be divided into an even number. O'DDN ESS, S. [See Oddly] the Hate of be^ mg uneven, or not to be divided into even parts or numbers j the quahty of bein" fin- gular, peculiar, (hange, or uncouth. ODDS, S. the excefs of two compared with each other j a date wherein there are more chances agaiuft than for a thing ; a tparrcl, debate, difpute, or difference. ODE, S. [(i)S», Gr.] a lyric poem, writ- ten to be fung to mufic ; the lefler kind is charaderiled by its fwcetnefs and eafe ; and the greater by tiie fubllmity of its fentimcnts, the elevation of its raptures, and the quick- nefs of its tranfitions. O'DIOUS, Adj. [cdieux, Fr. cdkfus, Lat.] deferving hatred 3 expofc to hate ; caufing hate. O'DIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to caufe hate. O'DIOUSNESS, S. the quality which ren- ders a pcrfon or thing the object of hatred ; the fliite of being hated. O'DIWM, S. ( Lat.] the quality of rewder- ing a psrfon culpable, or expoling to hatci " She threw the cid'r.im of the faft on me " Dryd. OnORATE. Adj. [r.dcratus, Lat.]fcent- ed, or alFccfting theorgan of fmellihg. ODORI'FEROIJS, Adj. \odonfcrus,'Lzt.J afKifting the orgin of fmelling ; ufnally ap- plied to things that produce a fweet fcent. onORI'FEROUSNESS, S. the quality of exciting a fwect fcent ; fragrants. O'DOROUS, Adj. [adorns, Lat.] afTe^ing the fmell with a fweet fcent ; fragrant. O'DOUR, S. [odcur, Fr. tdor, Lat.] a fcent or fmeil, whether good or had ; but moft properly applied to a fweet one. OE, a diphthong borrowed frem theGreeks, pronounced like an e, but not properly be- longing to our language. OFXONO'IWICS, S. [pronounced ecotio- nucs ; econoihique, Fr. from <!(:i2V;y-i;{^;, Gr.l the management of houlhold affairs. OECONOMIST, S. {a'cmcmus, Lat. 01x0- vofxoi, Gr.] one who manages a family ; one who conduifls his affairs with prudence and dilcrction. OECONO'MY, S. [ccconrmk, Fr. ccco,:a- m'u!, Lat.] the a(ft of prudently managing a family or houfc ; thriftincfs ; good luifbandry. OECUME'NICAL, Adj. [from o.^.d-^Afvi,, Gr.] general ; refpcifting or including tho whole habitable world. OIiDE'MA, S. [from o;.V«. '^''•l » ^"■«I-' ling, confined by furgeons to a white, foft, infiiifiijle tumor, proceeding from cold .mJ aqueous humors, ("uch as thole that happen td perlons in a drnpfy. OliDE'MATlC, or OEDE'MATOUS, Adj. of the nature of an oedema, or white, loft, infiiififilc fwcUing. OEl'LLAD, S. ludlMh, Fr.] a glance ; i>. >i a a wink OFF OFF a wink or token »iven by the eye, •' She! jury or Joing any thing that may caufe U*if- " gave ct'JLds.''^ Sbak. plcalure. OER, con tra(ftcd in poetry for oT'fr. 1 o OFFE'ND, V. A. [o^Wo, Lat.] to- OESO'PKAGL'S, S. [ponounced f/bf/ja- caufe difplfafure ; to do any thing contrary £Ki ; from o;rcj and <p2j/a;, Gr ] in Anatomy, to a per.lin's inclinations j to commit any the gullet, or membranous pipe or pafl.^ge, ihing tli-t may occafion anger, difpleaf»jre, whereby our food is conveyed from the mouth I or be contrary to law. Ncuterly, to tranf- to the ilomach. OF, Prep. [Six. a/, Btlg. «i, Lat. rtwo, Gr.l a particle ufed to exprefs the genetive in Englilh, and exprelles property. " From Cor- *' cyra, c/ Corcyra." SLgk. Relating to; concerning. " All have this fenfe o/"vvar." Smailr'uige. Amon;:. " ^Vny clergyman of my own acquaintance " Stvift. According to grefs any law ; to provoke anger ; to be guilty of a tranfgreffion or violation of any rule. OFFE'N'DER, S. one who has done any thing contrary to a law, or has diipleaied an- other. OFFE'NDRESS, S. a woman that does any tiling contrary to law, or what may difpleafc ' They do of tight belong to you." Tulotf. or injure anQthcr Ufed with the recipiocal pronoun, it implies I OFFh'NSIVE, Adj. \offtnJlf,Srom cffeti- power, ability, chcice, or willingnefs •' Of /• i, Lat.] caufmg anger, difplcafure, or pain •' himself is none : hut that infinite." Dryd. Applied to families, being born of ; extrac- tion. " A man ofzn ancient family." ClareiiJ. Sometimes it figniiies the matter of which any thing is made. " The chariot was all cfcc- " dar." When put before an indefinite ex- prefiiion of time, it gives an adverbial fignifi- cation. " Of lare." i. e. lately. In almoft all thefe fcnfes it feems to h::vc been borrow- ed from, or ufed in imitation of, the Latin prepofitions, a, ab, ah%, ex, and J.e, OFF, Adv. \af, Beig.] Johnfon obferves, that the chief ufe of this uord is to conjoin it with the verbs, cov.e, fy, and take, and that it is generally oppofed tocr, and fignifies mo- tion, or the a<ftion of moving a thing from its place. When applied to meafure, it fig- nifies dit'rance. " Scarccly-cjf a mile." Skak. In Painting or Statuary, projecftion or relief. After go, it implies vaniihing, abfcene, or departure. AbfoUitcIy, it implies difappoint- rnent, defeat, or interruption : as, " The affair is cjf." When oppofed to on, it implies Fit for aflHiling, oppofed to defenfive, and' applied to arms. OFFE'NSIVELY, Adv.'in fuch a manner as to difpieafe, caufe uneafinefs, or hatred j or to fcem like an attack, oppofed to defcn- fivelv. OFFE'NSIVENESS. S. the quality of caufing difplcafure, uneafinefs, injury, or difguft. To O'FFER, V, A. [cffero, Lat. offnr, Fr.] to prefent to a perfon ; to hold fo as a perfon may receive. To facrifice, when ap- plied to the Deity. To bid, applied to price or value. To attempt j to prdpofe. Neu- terly, to be prefent, or to prefent itfelf j ta m^ke an attempt. O'f FER, S. [sffre, Fr.] the a^ of propo- fing an advantage to another ; a propofal made to aiiother for his choice or acceptance ; the price bid for any commodity at a fale or market ; an attempt or endeavour, O'r FER.ER, S. one who makes a propo- fal ; one who facrifices, applied to the rites in behalf or favour. When applied to any ufed in worfhip action, it implies change, alteration, or di- 1 O'FFPIRING, S. any thing facrificed oa vcrlion. ■ -Qfudiid, lignifies without lludy or premeditation. OFF, Interj. an cxprefilon of abhorrance, or command to depart or go to a diflance. " Off ! or I fiy for ever from thy fight." Smith. OFF, Prep, fuppovtcd by or making iffe €>i ; oppofed to on or upon. At a diftance, ap- plied to place. OFF'AL, S. \offj, Lat. Skinner derives it from offend fall I walte meat, or that which is not eaten at table ; carrion, or cosrfe ficfli. Figuratively, rcfufi, or that which is of no value, and would other .vife-Ue thrown aw^y; any thing of no value. OFFE'NCE, S. ['>ffer.fu>r., lat.] any tiling which may caule difgud on account of being contrary to law, or the inclina.ion of anotherj any thing th?t may injure rr difplc-.ife. bFFE'NCEFUL, Adj. caufing difplcafure; injurious, or contrary to law. OFFE'i^JCELESS, Adj. without doing in- a religious account. OFFt'RTORY, S. [ofcrt»ire, Fr.] the thing offered ; the adt of offering ; the placft where alms arc offered in a church. O'FFICE, S. [Fr. cfficii-m, Lat.] any pub- lic charge or employment ; the peculiar end for which any thing is niarie or defigned ; aa aift of benevolence or good-will, proffered by a perfon of his own accord > an i(\ of worfhip ; a room in a houfe appropriared to a particular bufinefs ; a place where bufinefs is tranfaft- ed ; from officina, Lat. O'FF.CiiR, S. a man employed by the public 5 a commander in an army ; one who has the power of apprehending criminals, and^ arrefling debtors. O'FFJCERED, Adj. fupplied with com- manders. OFFl'CIAL, Adj. [Fr.] conducive ; per- forming any office ; belonging to any public charge. OFFl'CIAL, S. a perfon commifnoned 3 t* O I N to juJf^e caiifes in an ecclefiaftical court. OFFI'CiALTY, S. the charge or pofl of «n official. To OFFI'CIATE, V. N. to difcharee any office, generally appiicj to a<fis of woriliip j to perform an office for anotiier. OEFICI'NAL, Adj. \offidna, Lat.] among Apothecaries, ufed in the fliops. OFFl'CIOUS, Adj. [offideix, Fr. offich- fus, Lat.] doing good offices, or acfls of kind nefs, in a good fenfe. AfuiFing or inter- Kicddling with the affairs of another, with- />iit being invited or weltome j forward, in a bad fenfe. OFFL'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be too fond of afiilling a pcrfon, or in- termeddiing in his afF';ir?, without being aflied .or welcome. Kindly, or with unall<ed kind- nefs, in a good fenfe. " Let thy goats offi- " cmifly he nurft." Dryd. OFFl'CIOUSNESS, S. tco great a readi- nefs to afilrt or oblige another, commonly ufed in a bad fenfe. Service in a good fenfe. O'FFING, S. the act of Hecring to a dif- tance from land. O'FfSET, S. a fprout or ftioot of a plant. O'FF-SCOUSING, S. a part rubbed off in cleaning or fcouring ; refufe. O'FFSI'RING, S. the thing propagated or generated ; children ; defcendants j a pro- du(flion of any kind. OFT, Adv. [Sax.] frequently ; feveral times. O'FT-EN, Adj. [in the comparative, o/?f»- tr, in the fuperlative, e/IvKr/*] many times j frequently. OFTENTI'M ES, Adv. many times ; more than once or twice j frequently. OF'TIMES, Adv. many times; frequently. OGE'E, or O'GJVE, S, in Archiiti'^iiue, a moulding, confifling of a round and a hol- low, almoft in the form of an S. To OGLE, V. A. [cogb, Belg.] to view with fide or iiolen glances, in order toefcape notice. O'GLER. S. [co^ebler, Belg.] one that views another by fide or ftolen glances. OH, Inteij. an exclamation made ufe of jt'j cxprefs forrow, pain, or furprize. OIL, S. [W, cle, SzK. tii/I^, Fr. «/?-«, Lat.] « fat, unAuous, thin, and infiammable juice .drawn from feveral bodies, either by expref- fion or diflillation. Ol'LINESS, S. greafincfs ; the quality ap- .proaching to, or refembling that of oil. Ol'L-MAN, S. one who trades in oils, pickles, &c. Ol'L-SlIOP, S. a (hop where oil, pickles, and other commodities, are vended. Ol'LY, Adj. fat ; greafy ; refembling oil. To OIL, V. A. to fmear with oil. OI'LYPALM, S. a tree. To OINT, V. A. [ohu, Fr.] to anoint; to {mear with fgmethiiig grcafy. O M E OI'MTMENT. S. a medicine, made of uniftuous, oily, or greafy fubftances. O'KER, S. See Ochre. OLD, Adj. [ci?/d, old, Sax.] advanced in ye.nrs, or beyond the middle ape of life. Of long continuance, pppofed to new. Ancient, oppofcd to modern. .Subfifting before fome- thingelfe, oppofed to lafh l.ongpra(ft!fed, habituated to, or inveterate, In familiar or burlcfq u- language, morethan enough; a fre- quent repetition of the fame thing. " Ke would have old turning the key." S/jak. Of old, fisriiifies long ag.-i. or in times long part. OLDFA'SKIONED, Adj. made in a form at prefent laid afide, or not ufed. O'LDNESS, S. the quality of having lived or continued a great number of years ; the quality of being impaired by age, or length of tir-e. OLE A'G INDUS, Adj. {oUagtr.cux, Fr.] Oily. OLEA'GINOUSNESS, S. the quality or flate of being oiiy. OLEA'NUFR, S. the plant rofcbay. OLEA'STER, S. f Lat.J the wild olive. OLEO'SE, Ad), {oli'^ui, Lat J oily. OLFACTO.<Y, Adj. Ulfa£lo\re, Fr.] having the fenfe of fmelling. OLIGA'RCHICAL, Adj {oV.zarch-.ruc^VK. ollgarckkin, L;;t.] belonging to an oligarchy. OLIGARCHY, S [from (,\iyo(; and os^''* Gr.] a form of governm.cnt, which places the AiprtiTic power in a fmall number, generally the nobles ; an oriflocnicy.- O'LIO, S. \oUa, Span.] a rich dilh midc of diiferirnt forts of meat. O'LITORY, Adj. \ol.tor, Lat.] belonging to a kitchen garden. OLlVA'STER,Adj [oAW/Jre, Fr.] darkly; brown ; fawny. " O/Zi/iz/yifr and pale." Eac, 0''LrVF, S. f Fr. ol'n'a, Lat.] a tree pro- ducing an oblongfniit about :!ie fizeof a dam- fun, which is pickled : it is likewife famous for its oil, and was formeily ufed as an em- blem of peace, O'MBRE, S. \homrre, Sp:ai.] a game of card.s pl.iyed by three perfcns. OrvIE'GA, S. fGr. the great or long 0]thc name of the lad lefer in the Greek alphabet, and tiurefore ufed figurati\cly in Sciipture for thelart, and, oppofed to Alpha, the firlt letter of that alphabet, implies necefIarycxiricnce,or that w hich exifled from all ^.K(\n\K.yr.payttantCy and fhallexift in his own natme to all eternity tocomc. " \-Am Alpha i.niiOn-.ega,''^ Rev. \.'i, O'MELET, S. {'..Kclette, Sax.J a pancake of eggs. O'MEN, S. [Lat.] any fign or token by wliich a future event may he foretold. O'MENFD, Adj. containing prognodicSjOr fions by which future events may be foretold. OME'NTUM, S. [Lat.] in anatomy, the cawl. O'MER, S. [Hcb.] a Hebrew mcafurc con- t.iining about three pints and an half lingllilj. 1 To O N To O'MNIATE, V. A. [oniUiatiim,^ Lat] to fiicw fomcthing future by fome ligii or token. OMINA'TION, S. a fign by which fome- thing future is forefeen. O'MINOUS, Adj. [from omen'] forcfhew- jng fome future ill, generally ufed in a b.ij fenfe. Containing figns or tokens of fome- thing cither good or ill, in a neutral fenfe. O'MINOUSlY, Adv. with tokens of fome future ill, commonly applied in a bad fenfe. O'MINOUSNESS, S. the quality of be- tokening fome future ill or good. OIVIIS'SION, S. [snvffus, Lat.] the acfl of neglcfling or forbearing to do fomcthing that ought to be done ; tlic act of leaving out in writini' ; a neglect. To O'MIT, V. A. [cwiV/'o, Lat.] to leave out, or not to mention, applied to writing or fpcaking. To neglect doing what ought to Le done, applied to aftion. OMl'T TANCE, S. forbearance. " Omit- ♦' tarcc is no quittance." Sl.ak. OMNIFA'RIOUS, Adj. [ommfurius, Lat.] of all kinds or varieties. OMNl'FIC, Adj. [from £>;;;««, r.nd/acio, Lat.] creating all things. " The aimfc <• word." Par. Loft. OIVINI'FORM, Adj. [onwlf..nils, Lat,] of all lliapcs. OMNI'GENOUS, Adj. [oinnh &ndi gemis, Lat.] confillini^ of ail kinds. OMNl'FOTENCE, or OMNl'POTEN- CY, S. [ci;r::/.cti:!it:a, Lat.] power capable of pv-rforming every thing that does not imply a contradiftion ; infinite power. OMNI'POTKNT, Adj. [c«;;/>»;cw, Lat.J infinitely powerful. OMNll'RE'SENCE, S. lomi:h, md pra- frns, Lat.] a prefence which is every v\hcre, and excluded no where. OIMNUl RE'SENT, Adj. prefent every where . OMNISCIENCE, or OMNI'SCIENCY, S. [ow.vis, and fr,cnt'ia, Lat.] the knowledge of all things ; infinite knowledge, OMNI'SCIENT, Adj. [omnh, znijacm, Lat.] knowing every thing; of infinite knowledge. OMNl'SCIOUS. Adj. [omnh, and fcio, Lat.] knowing all things, O'MOPLA I'E, S. [aj/xoj and wXttTu,-, Gr.] the ihoulder bhd<;, or the two bones, fituated on the hind part of the upper ribs, one on each (ide. OMPH.ALO'PTTC, S. [o,u<f>aX5f, and btc- Tixix;, Gr.] an optic glafs, convex on both fides, and c.dled a convex lens. ON, Prep, [on, Sax. dcn, Belg. an, Tcut.] upon ; lupportcd by ; or covered with ; the fubj'.ift of aiHiion j dependancc or reliance, or the objection of dependance. " On Cod's «' providence." Sria/lridge. The motive or ccgu'ion of any thing ; as foon as any thing ONE is done, "Oil the receipt of a letter." Drvd. The period at which any thing hap- pens, or is done on that day. In threats, it is put before the thing threatened, and im- plies it will lie in danger for want of com- pliance. " Oil thy lite." Dryd. The ftate of any thing, " 1 lie hcav'nson fire." Shak. A coi>dition of a bargain or fale. " On more "eafy terms." Dryd. Sometimes it is ufed to imply dillinftion or oppofition. " The " Rhodians on the other fide." Knoiks. When ufed by contraiftion before it, it figni- fics of. " A gameRer has but a poor trade " cn't." Lode. ON, Adv. forward ; in fucceflion or pro- grefs; without ceafing; upon the body. " f^er " patches and jewels on." Prior. Refolution to advance, ufed eliptically for go on. ON, Interj. a word of cncitement or en • couragcmer,t, to proceed, or attack, ufed elip- tically mffead of^o on. ONCE, Adv. [pronounced ivcncel only one time ; a fingle time. Ufed with at, the fame time ; in an indivifible point of time ; formerly. ♦' My foul had cnce fome fooliHi " fondnefs for thee." yiddif. It is to be re- marked that this word fcems to be rather a noun than an adverb, when it has at before it, or when it is joined with an adjeflive, as " At once, or thii once." One. Adj. [ait:;, ana, ain, Goth, an, aite, an, Sax. unus, I,at.] fingle ; any thing expref- fed by an unit ; any. uYed with another, be- longing to both. Oppofcd to (Jj.Wjfr, differ rent. Oppoftd to a^/if;-, one of the two cer- tain, or particular. Ufed with day, in a paft fenfe ; otherwife it fignifies fome time to come, when ufed with a future tenfe, " Shall " ons Jay faint." Da-vies. ONE, S. followed with ly one, it implie.". fingly, or a fingle pcrfon. *' Raifing one by or.e. " the fiippliant crew," Dryd. A fingle thing ; a perfon ; concord ; agreemer.t ; a perfon of a particular charadfcr, '■'One that loved not " wifely." Sbak. This word is ufed in the plural, either when it (lands for perfons inde- finitely ; as, "The great (;«;i of the world." Or when it relates to fomething going be- fore, or is ufed inOead of a noun plural ; as, " Thefe fucccHes are more glorious — than " fuch ruinous c;.'fj." GLnu. Sometimes it is ufed before an imperlbnai verb, to fignify any pcrfon, or man : this was by the Saxons txprelTcd by man, as, " Man brohte tha Lis " beajl/d." Matt. iv. lo. 'But as Dr. Hickes judicioully obferves, our ufe of this word is cither borrowed from the Italian uno, or U7!, Fr. " One wou'd imagine." Atttrb. ONE-EYED, Adj. having only a fingle eye, ONEIROCRI'TIC, S. [from evu^ox?!- Tiy.of, Gr, tnirccritique, Fr,J an interpreter of dreims. ONEIROCRI'TICAL, Adj. belonging to the interpretation of dreams. O P A OPE ON'ENFSS, S. unity i the quality of Le-] GPA'COUS, A.!j. {cpaa^s, Lat.] dai1< ; 5ng finglc ; bi'.t one, or individble m nioi'j. i voiJ oi liji;lu : 'iiot to be Iccn tliiouj;h. " Our God is one, or rather very (5/21?;;^^}, and | OPAL, S. an elegant and liiioular ftone, " meer unity." hooker. I wliich, on account^ot its opacity and foftncfs, CNEROUS, Adj. [cr.ereux, Fi: on^ro/w, is llarcely to be reckoned amoj-ig tlVc pcllu- Lat.j burthcnfome. Figurjtively, opprcffive. t ciJ gems. It is naturally Ijright, fmoadi, O'NIOM, S. [fiom cigfion, Fr. c.n-«o«f, ! and glofly, and difplays all its beauties with- Ital.] an aromatic, ftiong-lcented, bulbous, } out the art of a Inpidary : in colour it rc- coated and crbicuLir root. j ilmbles the iincft mother cf pearl, confifling O'NLY, Adj. from one, oKely, or cnc- ; of a bluilh or greyilh v.hite; but when like, whence by contraiflion one/y ; an/ic. Sax.] ] turned ditferently to-thc light, rt-ileif^s all tlie iingle ; >^ithout any other of the fame i<ind colours of the raiuiKn", amonirrt which tlic or Ipecies ; this above all others this with- out any more. O'NLY, Adv. fimply; fingly ; barely ; thus and bo otherwife ; lingly, without any more. ONO'MANCV, S. [from ovoy.a, and ,wav- Tita, Gr.j divination by names. ONOiMA'NTlCAL, A.dj. belonging to divination by names. O'NSET, S. [from en and fetj the firR attack or affuilt. ON'SLALGHT, S. [from on and /laugh- ter] attack ; alTault. " By Cege :ind onjLugbt *' to invefl:." Hudib. ONTO'LOGIST, S. [from ontdogy] a aietaphyfician ; or one who conliders the pro- perties of being in the abflract. ONTO'LOGY, S [w, and Xr/o,-, Gr.j ■the fcience of the afrc(flions or properties of being generally, or in the abftra<lt ; meta- phyfics, O'NWARD, Adv. [omi-wearJ, Sax.] for- ward j in a forward Itate ; fomewhat far- ther. O'N'YCHA, S. in Scripture, ufcd botii for ^he onyK ftone, or an odoriferous fnailor Ihell. MoR of the commentatois are for the laft fenfe. The fliell is liAe that of the flieil- fi(h called pupura. 1 he animal or fnail is fifhcd for in the eaft in watery plates where blue, and red ar-c particularly beau- The bed (tones come from the Eaft- grten, tiful. Indies. ■OPA'QUE, S. [Fr. pronounced ofai^l dark; having no light in itfclfj not to be feen through. To OPE, or O'PEN, V. A. [from cfen, Sa>;. cj>, 111.] to unlock ; to unclofe ; to lay open .; to caufe a breach, by which a thing may be feen. " The catliedral church was ' of>er,:d by an earthquake." j^ddif. To ex- plain ; to difclofs by degrees. In Law, to begin. " The f>^'jf!;/;,;g- of your caufe." In Anatomy, .to make an inclfion. Neuterly, to feparate or unclofe ; to ccafe to be fhut. In Hunting, to bark. OPK, or O'PE.M, Adj. \opa is ufed only by old authors, and by them only in its pri- mary fenfe] unclofcd ; not locked or fhut. Figuratively, plain; apparent ; puliHc ; with- out art, dilgiiife, or referve. Applied to the feafon, not cloudy or gloomy. Free, uncon- •fined, or without cover, applied to the air. Expofed, or witho.ut defence, applied to danger or injuries. A-ttentive, applied ei- tlKr to the eyes, or ^ars, and followed by unto or upon. •OPENER, S. one that unlocks a door, and puts it in fuch a (late that any perfon or thing may find pafTage. Figuratively, one the fpikenard grows, which is its food, and that explains or interprets j any thing that makes its fhell fo aromatic. feoarates or divides. O'NYX, S. I'.wi, Gr.] a femi-pelUicid gem, an accidental variety of the agat kind : it is cf a dark horny colour, with a plate of bluilh white, and fometimes of a red : when a plate of a rcildilh or ficfh colour lies on one OPKN-EYED, Adj. watchful. " Open- " eyed confpiracy." Shak. OPEN-HA'NDED, Adj. generous, libe- ral, or charitable. OPEN-HEA'RTED, Adj. penerous; can- or both fides the white, jt is called a far- did ; void ^jfbafe referve >ionyx. OPEN- HE'ARTEDNESS, S. generofity OOZE, S. [eitl^er from caux, Fr. or wrt'j, of fentiment ; liberality in gi\ ing. Sax.] fot't mud ; mire at the bottom of wa- O'i'ENING, S. a brcacli or hole. Figura- ter,Qrflime; a ilift flow, or fpring. " From tivcly, the fight of a tiling at a diftance ; a " his firfl fountain and beginning etxf." faint, imperfetl, and confufed knowledge. Prior. The liquor of a tanner's vat. OPtNLY, Adv. in fight ; plainlyj with- To OOZE, V. A. to flow by Health ; to- out ful)tcrfuge, referve, or artifice flow gently j to flip away OOZY, Adj. miry; muddy; flimy. To OPA'CATE, V. A. [opacatus, Lat.] darken, cloud, fliade, or obfcure. OPA'CITY, S \o{yachc\ Fr. cpadtus, Lat.] cloudinefs •, the (late of a body which cannot | guife, fubtcrfugc, or artifice, be feen throuj^h ; the (jviahty of bein^voidj" OPERA, S. [Ital.] a poetical talc or ^flight, 1 fi(flion, performed with vocal and inllnmien- ' X K .J. Ui OPEN-MOU'TLIEO, Adj. greedy. Fi- guratively, -clamorous j unable to kiep a li:- cret. O'PENNESS. S. freedom from obfcurity or ambiguity ; plainncfs ; freedom from dil- O P I tal mufic, and adorned with fcenes, machines, and dancing. O'PERABLE, Adj. [from e^erer, Lat.] capable of being done. OTEi<ANT, Adj. FFr.] a^ive ; having power to prod ce an effect. " I'he moll ope- •' r:7nf poifo .s." >hak. Obfolete. 1 o O'PERATE, V. A. [uptratus, Lat. J to aift ; to produce dn effccT'. OPERATION, S. y7r. operatio, Lat.] agency ; i.nflaence •, aftion , the power of producing an effciH;. Figuratircly, an ef k(X. In .Surgery, that part of medicine, or the art of healing, which depends on the ufe of inftrumcnts. The motions or employ- ment of an aimy. O'PERATiVE, Adj. having the power of acting ; efficacious. OPERA'TO;^, S. [operjt-ur, Fr.] one that pcrforn-is any cure by inllrumtnts cr manual operations. OPERO'SE, Adj [operofu!, Lat.] labori- ous ; full of trouble and tedioufnefs. OPFII'TES, S. (from 0,-^1,-, Gr.] marble of a dufky, grecnifh ground, with oblong, and HfujUy fqu'.rc fuots of zx lighter green. OPHTri.-ii.'MIC, k<l].['fbtkalmtque, Fr.] belonging to the eye In the plural, medi- cines for diiVnfes of the eyes. O'PHTHALMY, S. [ophthalmk, Fr. from opr^a'kfj.n^^ Gr.] a a\[ceSe in the eye, confid- ing of an infiammation in its coats. O'PlATE, S. a medicine that caufes fl'-ep. OPI'FiCEX, S. [ojifex^'La.t.] one tha> performs any work th.iC requires and (hews ikill. " Ihedivin". c/^/ff^r." Btnt. Thii word is not yet generally received. OPiVA'TOR, S. [cplnatus. Lit.] one who holJs an opinion. " What kind of opi- " naton." H.ii . To OPI'NE, V. N. fcpinor, Lat. op'mer, Fr.] to be of opinion ; to guefs, or form a judgment on fli>^ht proofs. OPi'NIATIVE, dj. obftinate in a no- tion or opinion already received ; imagined, but not proved. OPINIATOR, S. [jphiatre, Yr.] one fond of his own notions ; one that adheres inflexibly to his own opinion. OPIMA'TKE, Adj. [Fr] obftinnte ; ftubborn ; inflexibly adiiexing to his own opi- nion. " 0/i.iM.'/-^ in difcourfe." Locke. OPI'NION, -. [Fr. cp:nio, Lat.] a perfua- fion of the mind, without proof or certain knowledge ; an alTent of ;he mind, whereby it admits or receive' any propofition as true, upon arguments or proofs tli .t are found to jnrfuadc us to receive it as true, without certain know- ledge that it is fo ; a favonrablr judgment. bl'l'NIO.N'ATIVE, .Adj. fond of notions already efpoufcd or afTented to; fond of one's own notions ; not to be convinced of the falfchood of our fentiments bv any realons. OPI'NIONA TIVEI.Y, Adv. in a flub- born or conceited manner. O P p OPI'NIONATIVENESS. S. the quality of adiieiing inflexibly to preconceived notions. OPrNIOMST, S. iophiiotiip, Fr.J a per- ibn foiid, or conct-ited, of his own notions. ' Every conceited cpin-cni/}." Glar.-vil. O'PIL'M, S. j Lat.] a juice, produced from incifions made in the whice poppy, partly of a refinou'. gummy kind ; its colour is a dark,' hrownifh yellow : its fmell dead, faint, unpleafant ; and its tafle very bitter and acrid. A moderate dofe makes the pa- tient chceiful, as if he had drank v.ine, re- moves melancholy, and difllpates all ftnfe of dinger ; but an immyder;ite dofe brings on a kiiij of drunkenncfs, whicii occafions fieep, and often terminates in dearh. OPO'FONAX, S. a gum refin, of a to- lerable fir.m texture, of a (Irong difagree- able fmeli, and an acrid, and extremely bitter tiile. To OPPIGNORATE, V. A. [oppi^no- ratum, Lat. from oppigiero, Lat.] to pledge, pawn, or give as a Iccurity. OPPIL/.'TION, S. [Fr.] ob(lrj£lion j m.ttter heaped together. OPPPL-VTIVE, Adj. [Fr.j obdruaive. OPPO'NENT, S. [oppomm, Lat.] one that oppofes or refirts anoher. In the Schools, one who railes objections to the opi- nion= or docftrines of another. OPPORTUNE,^ Adj. [Fr. cpportunus, Lat. j fcafonabie; fit ; at a time proper fo^ perforinance, or putting in practice. OPPORTUNELY, Adv. in fiich a man- ner as was moll: proper for tiie performiiag of a thing, or rendering it fuccef^ful. OPP'ORTU'NITY, S. the proper feafoii for doing a thing, or rendciing it fuccefsfiil. To OPPO'.SE, V. A. [opp.-fMm, Lat.] to aft agiinlt ; to endeavour to hinder or refift ; to put in oppofirion j to ofler as an antagonift or rival ; to piace as an obtlacle 5 to place in front ; to raife objeftions in difputations. OPPO'SEiv., ~. one who endeavours to frudrate the dcfigns of another < an antago- nift or rival J one that raifes objections in a difpute, O'PPOSITE, Adj. [oppofttus, Lat.] placed in front J facing each other ; contrary; of a different kind j inconfidcnt with, or repug- nant. O PPOSITE, S. one who endeavours to fruftrate the views of another j an antagonift or enemy. O'PPOSITFLY, Adv. in fuch a pofition as to front ar face each other ; from contrary parts or direiftions, O'PPOSITENESS, S. the quality of facing or fronting ; the quality of being contrary. OPl'O-.J'TION, S. [Fr. oppojhio, Lat.] fituation of facing or fronting another; re- finance, or an endeavour to fruftrate the views of another. Contrariety, applied to affection, intercft, meafure, or meaning. Competition, or rivalry. O P u To OPPRE'SS, V. A. [opprefum, Lat. from oppr'mo, Lat ] to cruih or overcome by hardlliip ; to overpower or fubdue. Oi^FRE' SIGN, S. [YT.oifrefw,'LvLt.'] the zCt. of crulhing, fubduiiij;, or overcoming ' y cruelty, feverity, or arbitrary fxenionof p^w er; the (lafe of htwi^ oppreilcd or overcome by the cruelty or fevcrity of ar.otbcr ; hardlhip nnd cidimity , dulncls of fpiiits, or fatigue of body OFl^RE'-SIVE, Adj fubduing or over- coming by acts of cruelty, tyranny, or feve- rlty ; heavy, or overcoming. OPPRE'SSOR, S. [cpprejjhtr, Fr.] one that h irrafTes or afflicfts another by unreafonable burthens and fe verity. OPPROBRIOUS, Adj. '"from opprobrium, Lat.]iep'oachful; fcurrilous; caufing infamy. OPP-lCBRIOUSLYjAdv. in a reproach- ful or fv:ii)ri,ous manner. OPPRO'BRIOUSNESS, S. the quality of ufmg fcurrilous or reproachful language j that which caufes infamy or difgrace. To OPi'U'GN, V. A. [cppii^no, Lat.j to opnofe, r'-fift. or attcck. OPPUGNANCV, S. oppofition. OPPU'GNCR, S. one that Of pofes or at- tacks any opinion. O'PTATIVE, Adj. l''ptr.t;-vus,Lzt.'\ wifh- inp;. In Grammar, applied to that mood wh^^h expreltes wifhing or defire. O'PTIC, Adj. [optique,'.x. Sec Optical] ufed in feeing; producing fight ; relating to the fcience of optics. O'PTiCAL, A.ij. [wifnm, Gr.j relating to the fcience of optics. O'PTIC, S. any inrirumKnt of fight; the eye, or organ of fight. In tlic plural, applied to the fcience which explains the lav\s accord- ing to which vifion or feeing is performed. OPTI'CIAN, S one that is (killed in the nature and laws of vifion, or one that m ikes iiiftruments to afiid the fightj or to explain the do(ftrme of vilion. _ O'PTIMACY, S. [oitmiatusy'Lat.] nobi- lity ; the body of nobles O'PTIMISM, S. [o^:Umifv:c, Fr. from opti- mus, Lat ] the doctrine that the prefent iyf- tem of things, or created beings, is the bed that God could make. O'PTIMIST, S. [optlmijle, Fr.] a perfon who holds the dodfrine that the prefent f)f tcm is abfoluttly beft, and that a better could not poflibly be. OPTI'jMITY, S. the Hate of being belt, O'PTION, S. [oitlo. Lat.] choice. O'PULENCE, or O'PULFNCY, S. [Fr. tptikti'.ici, Lat.] a H.ite abounding in all the conveniencies and ornaments of life j wealth; riches ; affluence. _ O'PULENT, Adj. [Fr, opnloitu!, Lat.] rich; wealthy ; abounding in every thing that can render life comfortable :md fpkndid. O'PULENTLY, Adv. lichly j plentifully; /plendidly. ORB OR, Conj. {^othtke, outhcr. Sax. <:ier,Tt\xt!\ a pariicle u'ed to Cgnify dillribution oroppo- fition ; fometimc s it anfwers to either. " He " mu!t either fight or die ' Before elfe, it is redundant, or has no meaning. O ., S. [Fr.] in Heraldry, gold, or gold colour. O RACH, S. a plant. O RAGLE, S. f Fr. oracuhim, Lat.] an an- fvver fuppofcd to be given to a votary hy the ancient deities, when afked Libout the fuccefs of a future event ; fomethiiig delivered by fUr pernHtiiral wifdom j the nluce where, or per- ibnofwhom anydeterminatiorsofheaven were given ; any perl" n or pi cc where certain deci- fions arc obtained ; one fo famed for wifdom, that his decifions will not admit of difput :. To 0'R.\CLE V. A. to pronounee, utter, or deliver oracles. " By o>-acling abufe the '■ Gentiles." Par. Reg. ORA'CULA", or ORA'CULOUS, Adj. uttering oracles ; like an oracle. OrA'CUlOL'SLY, Adv. in the manner of an or.icle, OR^'CULOUSNESS. S. the Hate or qua- lity of refembiing an oiacle. O'R A I-iON, ii [Fr. orjiio, Lat. more fre- quently, but not fo properly, written criJon\ a p'.jycr. O'RAL, Adj [Fr. from os, oris, Lat.] de- livered in words, or by the moutii, onpofeJ to written. O'RALLY, Adv. by mouth ; without wriiing. O'RANGE, S. [Fr. auror.i.i, Lat.] the fruit of a tree : a colour made of a yellow and red mixed tonether. O'R.^NGERY, S. [orar.gerie, Fr.] a plan- tation of orange-trees. O'RANGErMUSK, S. a fpecies of pears. ORA'TIO.nT, S. [Fr. «/vi.'/o, Lat.j a fpeech made according, to tkelaws of rhetoric. O'RATOR, -S. \o,c::cur, Fr. orator. Lat ] a public fpealier; a perfon who can cxprefs his fentiments eloquently. A petitioner, when ufed in addrcfies made to the court of Chan- cery. ORATO'RICAL, Adj. made according to the rules of rhetoric ; becoming or belor.ging to an orator. O'RATORY, S. \oratcria, Lat the art of fpeaking fo as to clothe one's fentiir: nts in a figurative dirtion, to warm the p.lTions, and to gain the aflcnt of the audirors ; the excrcife of eloquence In the Romilh church, a place fct apart purely for prajing. OPvB, S. {orbe, Fr. orbis, Lat.j any round or fphcrical body ; a celeftiai body or pla- net. Figuratively,, a wheel, or rolling boJv. " The orbs of his fieicc chaiiot." Fi.r. Left. Aciiele; a circular patli dfcibed by iny of the celedial bodies ; a period, or revolu- tion ; a fj'here of a^ion The eye, fo called on account of its (orm, and its furniniiiig the liody with light. •' A drop ferene huh *' qucuched O R D ■** x5\iehchcJ their orbs.'"' Par. LiJ}. ORBED, Adj. round J circular j formed into a circle ; rounded. ORBI'CLJ L.A R, Adj {orbkuIair(, Fr. o bi- eularn, Lat] Tpherical, or of a round fhape ; circular 5 in the form of a circle. ORBI'CUL-^RLY, Adv. after the form of a circle. fphericaHy ; circularly. ORBt'CLLARNESS, S. the ftate or qua- lity of being ciicular. . O'RBIT, S. o>L,te, Fr. orbeta, Lat.] the line or path defcribed by a planet in its revo- lution. O'RCHAL, S. a flone, of which a blue colour is made. O'RCHARD, S. a garden or inclofure of fruit trees, O'RCHESTRA, or O'RCHESTRE, S fopp^^rp", Gr. from tfxteijcu, Gr orchejire, Fr.] in the ancient theatre the lower part made in the form of a femicircle, and fur- rounded uith fcdts . fo called, becaufe in the Crecian theatre, thty held their hall.-" in this place. In the modern theatre, the place where the mufiians fit To ORDA'JN, V. A. [crJlno, Lat. ordi- cier, Fr. J to appoint or decree by public au- thority ; to eftablifh or fettls ; to fet in an ORG duces to method, or difpofes in a regular manner. O'RDERLESS, Adj. without order j in a confufed manner. <vo'RE»ERLINESS, S. the rtate or quality of bcin;;- difpofed regularly, or without the leafl confiiGon. O'RDKRLY, Adj. in a manner that ii confident with rule. OR DIN ABLE, Adj. [ordino, Lzt.;< fuch as may he appointed. O''-' DTNAL, Adj. [Fr.] noting order. O'RDINAL, S. a figure, noting order or place; a ritual. O'RDINANCE, S. a l.iw, rule, or pre- cept, accordinjj to winch anything Ihould be done; the obfcrvan(;e of a command; an appointment. O'RDINARTLY, Adv. [from crdinaiy'] according to ellabhilied or fettled rules ; com- monly O'RDINARY, Adj. eftablifhed; ufual • common ; mean ; of low rank or value. ^'gly> or n"t hundfomc, applied to the fea- tures. O'RDINARY, S. an eftablifhcd judge in ccclefiaft c caufes , a fettled eftablifhment j n a<flual and conlfant office ; a regular price office ; to commiflion to ^(\ as a clergymin. of a meal ; a place of eating where a perfon ORDA'INER, S. one that appoints, de- pays a fettled price for eating ; one who of crees, or commiffions another to afliime an oS\ce. O'RDEAL, S. [crdal, oniale. Sax ] a metliod of proving the innocence of a perfon I'ufpeiitcd of any Clime, ufed in the time of Edward the Confelior, and fince as low as the times of king John aijd Henry III. wherein the perfon accufed was obliged to pafs blindtold through a path crolled by red hot bars of iron, or elfe fwallow a certain quantity of water in allufion to the cullom obferved by the Jews. O'RDER, S. [oidre, Fr. ordo, Lat ] a me- thod, or regular difpofition ; the eftablilhed manner of pet forming a thing ; the proper ftate, applied to the mind or body ; a com- mand ; a rule; regular government j a clafs or divifion of the members of a (late ; a reli- gious fociety ; the office of a clergyman. In Alhonomy, direft progrefs, oppofed to re- ficiatcs as a chaplain at prifons. " The ordl- " nary of Newgate." To O'RDINATE, V. A. [ordinatus, Lat.] to appoint O'RDINATE, Adj. regular ;^ methodical. Ordinate Jigures, arc iiich as have all their lidcs and angles equal. ORDIN^'TION, S. [ordirtatio, Lat.] an eflablifhed order or tendency, ufed with to. " An ordination to happincfs." Norris. The a<Cl of giving a perfon authority to a£l as a clergyman. (•'RDNANCE, S. cannon, or great guns. O'RDON NANCE, S. [Fr.] the difpofi- tion of figures in a pi£\ure. O'RDURE, S. [ordure, Fr.] dung ; ex- cremens ; fifh. ORE, S. [»r, ore, ora. Sax.] metals unre- fined Figuratively, metal. O REWEED, ox O'REWOOD, S. [ca. trograde motion. In War, an arrangement of , Sax. and icced \ a weed growing upon tlve the parts of any force, either by fe.i or land ; i rocks at high water mark, or broken from or the diliancc of one rank or file from an- I the bottom of the fea by rough weather, other. In Archiiecflure, a fyftem of the fe- ai)d call upon the next Ihore by the wind veral members, ornaments, and proportions and furge. of columns and pilaflers ; or a regular ar- O'RGAL, S. Ices of wine, rangcmcnt of the projecting parts of a build- O'RG.AN, S. [or^ane, Fr. cfj-avev, Gr.] ing, efpecially of a column ; or a certain rule ' any thing formed and dcfigned for fomewrer- for the fr)portions of the columns or other j tain ufe, a(f\ion, or operation. In Mufic, parts of a building. an inflrument confifting of feveral pipes To O'RDER, V. A. to regulate or con-' filled with wind by means of a pair of bel- idiift ; t» manage or procure ; to dire(ft or lows, having flops, and played on by the fin- gers m the tail e manner as an harpfichord. ORGA'NIC, or ORGA'NICAL. Adj. O'RDERER, 5. •»? tha: r^^ulates, ic- \[(irga>:iquc, ft. (/rgamtus, Lat.] confining of varioui command; tocommiffionj to a£t as a cler- gyman O R I various parts co-operating and rommnnicat- iug witli each other j inUrumental j made cr dtiignsd for fome certain end. ORGA'NICALLY, Adv. by means of organs or inflruments ; by an organical dil- pofition of parts. CyRGANlSM, S. the ftriiaure of the feverjl parts of any animal, fabric, or ma- chine, fo as to operate to a certain end. O'KGANIST, S. lorganife, Fr.J one who plays on the organ. ORGANIZA'TION, S. [from c-gairzc, Fr.] conflriiflion in which the p-rts are lo difpofed as mutbially to afTifl, to co-operate with, and be fabfervient to, each other. To O'RGANIZE, V. A. [organijer, Fr.] to conftru(fi: the parts of an animal, fabric, or machine, fo that they (liall be mutusUy fub- lirvicnt to, aiid co-operate with, each other. O'RGAN-LOFT, S. the loft where an organ (lands and is played upon. ORGA'SM, S. [orgafine, Fr. opyaa-[xo<;, Or.] a fudden violence, impulfe, or appetite. O'RGIES, S. [it has no lingular ; orgies, Fr. orgia, Lat.] the mad rites performed at the feaft of Bacchus. Figuratively, any frantic revels. _ O'RIENT, Adj. \cncns, Lat. orient, Yr.] lifing by the fun j eaftern ; brit^ht ; lliining 5 glittering. " Morning light — more oriau " in yon weftcrn cloud." Par. LcJ}, O'RIENT, S. [Fr.] the eaft, or part where the fun firft appears. ORIE'NTAL, Adj. [Fr.] eaflern ; placed in the eaft; proceeding from the eafl. ORIE'NTAL, S. as inhabitant of the caftern parts of the world. ORIE'NTALISM, S. an expredlon or manner of fpeaking peculiar to thofe who live in the eaft. ORIENT A'LITY, S. the ftate of riling or being in the eafl. " No power peculiar " to his oricntaHfy.'" Brcivn. O'RIFICE, S. [oiijjcium, Lat.] any open- ing or hole made by an inftrument with a point. O'RIGIN, or ORI'GINAL, S. [orighw, Fr.] the beginning or firft exiflcnce ; a foun- tain, fource, or that which gives beginning or exiflence j a firft copy, or that from which any thing is tranfcriljed, tranllated, or imi- t-^uA : in this fcnfc cnginal only i; ufed. Derivation or defcent. ORI'GINAL, Adj. [onginel, Fr. ongi- ■nalis, Lat.J primitive or primary ; fiifl ; priftinc. ORI'GINALLY, Adv. in its firft flate; primarily, or with regard to the firft caufe 01 right ; at firft. ORI'GINALNES.S, S. the quality or ft.atc of being the firft or original. ORl'GINARY, Adj. produaive, or cauf- ing exiftencc ; that which has the firft Hate. Seldom J fed. To ORI'GINATE, Y. A. to produce O R T as a caufe ; to bring into cxifiencc. ORIGINA'TION, S". \c^igi>tjriB, Lai.] the act of producing as a firft caufe, or of biinp^ing into exiftencc. O'RION, S. [r.,-,:v, Gr.] a fouthern con- ftcl'ation, confifting of 3,1 ftars. O'RISONS, S. [not ufed m the fingulnr; craifin, Fr. This '^ord is accented by i\Iiltoa and Crafbaw on the firft f; liable ; by Shake- fpeare botji on the firfl and lecond, and by others oia the feccnd j prayers. O'RLOP, .S. [.-.«/«/., Bclg.] the mai» deck of a lliip. O'RNAMENT, S. [or^iamcKtm?:, Lat. e,- r.cment, Fr. ] an embe!!;(hment, or any thinw ufed purely for fhow, or to fct oifa lliii-.T. ORNAME'NTAL, Adj. flrving to fc^oif a thing. ORNAMF.'NTALLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to cmbcllifh or fet off. ORNAME'NTED, Adj. embellifhcd, a- dorned, or fet off. ORNA'TE, Adj. {oi-r.catus, Lat.] fine, adorned. " So bececk'd ornate, and gay." iT;//f. Agon. ORNA'TENESS, S. finery. O'RNATURE, S. d;^oration. A'tifivcrth. ORNI'SCOPIST, S. [from cpvi? and «to- TTSJ), Gr.] one who examines the flight of birds, in order to forctel fomc future event. ORNITHO'LOGY, S. [from c^r.; ani hiyaq, Gr.] a dilcourfe on birds. O'RPHAN, S. [o5-c;iavotj, Gr.] a cliild who has loft either one or both of its paients. O'RPHAN, Adj. deprived either of one or both parents by death. O'RPHANAGE, or O'RPHANISM, S. [orphdinage, Fr.] the ftate of a chili who has loft either one or both its parents. O'RPIMENT, S. {orfimcnt, Fr. aurifig- T>:cr.:::m, Lat.] a foliaceous foffil, of a fine and pure texture, remarkably heavj', and of a bright and beautiful yellow, like gold, very tough, bending eafily without breaking, melt- ing readily, and foon burning away : it i&. ufed by painters for a gold colour. O'RRERY, S. an inftiumcnt which rc- prefents the revolutions of the heavenly bo- dies : firlt invented by Mr. Rowley, of Litchfield, and named from the earl of Or- rery, that gentleman's patron O'RRIS, S. \<irh, Lat.] a plant or flower; a kind of gold or filvcr lace : from er/;V, old Fr. O RTMODOX, Adj. [Fr. from cp5cc, snJ JoxES), Gr.] foimd in opinion or Jodtrinc, applied to religious principles. O'RTHODOXLY, Adv. with a found- nefs of opinion or dodtrinc. O'RTHODOXY, S. [from o9sc, and Jo>, Gr. ] foundncfs of do^rine or opinion in matters of religion. ORTHODRO'MICS, S. from »pS:? and if'-iUo;, Gr.] right failing, or the arr. of fail- ing in ihe arch of Ibme ]itcat circle, wliicU O S P O S T 5s the fhorteft iliflance between any tuc points \frcy] the Tea caglp, of which it is repoifedf. I on the lliiface of the globe ORTHO'GONAL, Adj. [of t^$cg, and yiv-iet, Gr.] right-angled. OR-THu'GR.aPHER, S. fc:?o;,ir\i j-pa- ■<^!fi, Gr.] one who Ipells according to the jule.'; of grammar, or the general pia(flice of the beft authors. ORTHOGR A'PHIC, or ORTHOGRA'- PHIC.AL, Adj. rightly i^-elled ; relating to the fpelling; delineated according to the ele- vatioB, not the ground plots. In Geogra- phy) the crtlB?ra[.'h:c frcj-eciicn of the fphere. is a reprcfentation of the )everai points of that when he hovers in the air, ail the fi'a in the water turn up their bellies, and lie ftill for him to choofe which he pleafes. Hanmer, ' O'SSELET, S. [a diminutive of of, a bon-?] a little hard fuhflar.ce arifing on the infide of an horfc's knee, an-,ong the fmall bones. O'SSICLE, S. [cjftculum, Lat.] a fmall bone. OSSI'F.'C, Adj [from cj, and fcch, Lat ] having the power of turning into bone. OSSIFICATION, S. the aO of changing its fiiit'acecn a plane, which cuts it in the the ficfhy parts int'j bones ^ the flate of a middle, the eye being fiifporcd to be pLctd membranous part changed into bone, at an infinite diflance, vertical to one of its hcmifphei-es. OTRHCGRAPHY, S. that part of grammar v.hich teaches how \iords ri>3uld be Ipelt ; the art or practice of fpelli:].'^. In Ar- chitecture, the ek-vaiion of a bvjld'ng. In ■Geometry, the art of e:cprcffing or drawing the fore-light plan, or fide of anyobjedt. In Tortification, the profile or plan of any work. DRTHOP'NOEA;, S. [onhotvce, Fr. co Go;, and 77V-a!, Gr.] ia Medicine, a diforder in which a perfon cannot breathe, unlefs he continues in an upright or crc<ft poflure. O'RTIVE, Adj. "[ortiiie, Fr.] re.ating to the raifmg of any planet or Aar. O'RTOL.'^K, S. [Fr.] a fmall bird, ac counted very delicijiis food. ORTS, S. [from ada, Ir. a fragment] re- fufe ; fcraps of meat left on a plate ; things left or thrown away, GRVl'ETAN, S. lor-vlftano, Ital. fo call- ed from a mwunteh.nk of Orvieto in Italy] an antidote or medicine uftd to prevent the effects of poifon. OSCHECCELE, S. [from oiyj:--, and xeXh, Gr.] a kind of hernia or rupture, wherein the intellines break into the fcro- tum. OSCILLA'TION, S. [o/aUum, Lat.] the a£t of moving backwards and forwards. OSCI'LLA TORY, Adj. \oJcUlum, Lat.] moving backwards and forwards like a pen- -dulum. O'aCITANCY, S \ofdtamm, Lat.] the aft of yawning j uuufual flcepinefsj carelefs- jiefs O'SCITANT, Adj. [ofrltans, Lat.] bition or v:inity O'SSIFRAGE, S. [olJ'frcge, Fr. opfraga, Lat.] a kind of eagle, fo caheJ becaiife it breaks the hones of animals in order to come at the marrow. To O'-SSiFY, V. A. [from os, and >, La'.] to change into a bone OSSiVOP ANT, Adj. [from »s, and wra, Lat. J devouring bones. O SSUARY, S. [ofuarlum, Lat.] a char- nel houfe ; a place where the bones of the dead are kept. OST, or OOST, S, a vefTei upon which hops cr malt is dried. OSTE'N.SIVE, Adj. [oftentj./, Fr. ofimjus, Lat. J fioewing. O'STENT, S. [ojlentum, Lat.] an appear- ance, air, or mien. " In a fad o/7crf." ishak. Sho\v, or token. " Such fair alUnts of hn-e." yhak. A portent or prodigy, accented on the laQ fyllable. " Frighted with this dire " 'jflcm." Dryd. The twofirft fenfes are pe- culiar to Sh.;kefpear. OSTENTA'TION, S. [Fr. offcmatlo, L::t.] mere outward fhew or appearance ; a difphy of any thing, including vanity, or ambition. OS FENTA'TIOUS, Adj. fond of (hew- ing any thing which may give the public an advantageous opinion of one's wealth or abi- lities. OSTENTA'TIOUSLY, Adj fhewing or difpkying in fuch a manner as declares ambi- tion or vanity. OS TEN TA'TIOUSNESS, S. the aft of difplaying with vanity or ambition. OSIENTA'TOR, S. [opmatcur, Fr.] lone that difplays any advantage through am- Vawning ; unufuuUy flcepy ; lluggifh j care itfs. OSCITA'TION, S. [from cjc'.to, Lat. to yawn] tl-.e aft of yriwning. Figuratively, carclclTnefs. GSCULA'TION, S. kifling. O'SIER, S. [Fr ) a tree of the willow kind, growing by the water, the twigs of v^hirh ?re ufcd in making balkets. O'.SMUND, S. a pbnt. O'kPKEY, S. [from oj, Lat, a bone, 2nd OSTEO'COLLA, S, [tjletcolk, Fr.] a fpar generally coarfe, concreted with earthy and llony mattec-^-p'recijiitated by water, and incruftcd upon (licks, (tones, ©"f. famous for liringing on csllus in bones, but fcldom ufcd in modern praftice. OSTEO'LOGY, S. [acrtsv, and Xo>.®', Gr.] a difcourfc or defcription of bones. O'STIARY, S. [o/i?i"«w?, l.at.] the mouth or opening at which a river difcharges itfelf into the fea. OST- O T VV O'STLF.R, S. Zc&Eojlkr. O'STRACISM, S. [ojiradfme, Fr. »<rpa.- KKTfx'^, Gr. from o-paxov, Gr. a fhell, on which the perfon's name was written who was to be baniflicd] a method taken by the Athe- nians to banilh fuch pirfons in their (late whofe great power, abilities, or merit, ren- dered them capable of attempting any thing which miftht endanger the conftitution. Fi- guratively, banifhmentor public cenfurc. OSTRACI'TES, S. the common oyfler in its foffile flate; a petrified oyiter. O'SiRICH, S. [aupr:uhe,cjb-uce, Fr. abe- Jirux, a'uefjrifx. Span. Jfrus,z,uo, Ital. firaufo, Tent. Jlntthio, Lat.J a very large bird. Its winps arc fhort, and its neck about four or five ipans ; the leathers of its wings are in great efleem as ornaments. They are hunted by way of eourfe, for they never fly, but ufe their wings to afflft them in running They fvvallow bits of iron in the fime manner as other birds do gravel or ftones, to airif: in digefting their food. They lay their eggs on the ground, hide them under the find, and leave them to be hatched by the fun . The flapidity of this bird is remarkable on two ac- counts: firft, in covering its head with reeds, and thinking, that notwithftanding its body is all that time expofed, it caqnot be feen. Secondly, the manner in which they are caught : they that go in purfuit of them draw the fkin of an oflrich's neck on one hand, which proves a fufficient lure to catch them with the otiicr. It is obfervablc that they have fo little brain, that the emperor Helio- gabiilus had the brains of 6oa heads one night for his fupper. OTACOU'STIC, S. [from oitx, and aHoua, Gr.] a medicine to cure deafnefs ; an inftru- ment ufed by the deat to make them hear better. O'THER, Pron. [cther^ anther, authre. Sax. OKtre, Fr. altro, ltd. a/ier, Lit.] applied to things, different, oppofcd to fkis. Applied to perfons, not one's leU', but fomcbody elfe. Ufed witliyF^t-, tlic conir.'ry. Ufed wiiheach, it iinplies reciprocation, fomethingbefides, or .more; the ne.xt. Aiicr rcxt, it implies tlie third, joined with <%. Sometimes it is ufed eliptically for an ethn/' thing, or foniething different. O'THER WISE, Adv. in a different man- ner ; by other means or caufeS j in other refpeifts, OTTER, S. [oter, otyr. Sax. oter, Belg. and Teut.] an amphibious animal that preys upon fifli : the toes of its hinder feet are joined by a niembiane like thcfe of a goofe or a duck, but the fore feet have none ; its teeth refemble thofe of a dog 5 and its tdil, which is long and taper, that of a cat. It harbours in burrows, which it makes near the water fide, and is fometimes tamed, and tjfed to drive fiOi into a net. O'TWAY, (TaoMAs) fon of Mr. Hum O T W phry Otvvay, re£ior of Wolbeding. iri SufTcTC,- and was born at Trottia in that county, March 3, 161; I. He received his firft cduca^ tion at Wickham fchool near Winchefler^ and became a commoner of Ghrift-church ir» (Oxford in i66a, but quitted it without a de- gree. Upon his arrival in London, he com- menced aif^or, but without fuccefs. The fpi- rittdnefs of his wit and convcrfation, how- ever, foon madehim admired, and gained hims the favour of Charles earl of Plymouth, who prornred him a coronet's commiflion in the ncw-raifcd forces defigned for Flanders 5 bu£ nature perhaps denying him that courage and refoluiion fo requilire to form the foldier, he foon returned to EngLnd in very mean cir- cum fiances, and exchanged the chance of reaping laurels in the field for the equally un- certain and barren laurels of the mufes. His- comedy has been ceiifured for toomucli liber- tinifm; but in tragedy he has generally ob- " rved the decorum of the llage, andhasciofe- ly followed nature in his language, and there- fore fnines in the paffionate parts more thaa any of our Englifh poets. Mr. Charles Gil- don, in his laws of poetry, lilies Otway a poet of the firft rank ; and tells us, with. reat juftice, that he was perfeft maflcr of the tragic paffions, and draws them every where with fuch delicate and natural fimpli- city, as never fails to raife (Irong emotions in the foul. His Orphan is a flriking in fiance of this force ; for though the tragedy is not heightened by the importance of the charac- ters, his inimitable Ikill in" reprefenting the woikings of the heart, and its affcftions, is fuch, that the circumftances are great from the art of the poet, rather -ban from the dig- nity of the perfons reprefented. Venice Prc- ferved is flill a greater proof of his influence over our paffions, and the faailty of ming- ling good and bad characters, and involving their fortunes, fcems to be the dirtinguflici excellence of this writer. Mr. Addifon juil ly obfcrves, that Otway has founded this tra- gedy on fo wrong a plot, that the greateft cha- raiflers in it arc thofe of rebels and traitors. Had the hero of this piece difcovered the fame good qualities in the defence of his country, that he fliewed forits ruin and fubverfion, the audience could not enough pity and admire him : but as he is now leprefentcd, we can only fay of him what the Roman hiftorian fiys of Cataline, that his fall had been glori- ous, Ji pri patna fu coniidejjct, had he io fal- len in the Ibvicc of his country. Great as our author's parts were, he had many ene- mies among his cotemporary poets, of whom Dryden was not the leaft ; who, tho' be was often heard to call Otway a barren illiterate man, yet was forced to confcfs, that he pol- fefled a power which heiwanted, nii^t^. moving the paffions After fullering many cclipfes of fortune (chiefly owing to iiis own bad con- dufl) this excellent poet died of want at a ' public- O V E fviMic-Iioafe on Tower-hill in 16S5, and 33d yi-.iX of his age He was doubtlcfs driven to this obfcure retreat to avoid the perfecution ot' his creditors ; and as he durd hot appear often abroad to Ibllicit afTiftance, and had no means of getting money, he was in the great- eft dirtrefs. Compelled by his preffing ne- cellity, Mr. Otway, whofe delicacy would not permit him to run in debt to people nearly in the fame circumflances with himfelf, at lad ventured out of his lurking-place, almod naked, and Ihiveving with cold, and went in to a coffee-houfe on Tower-hill, where he faw an arch. O V E petition; to excefs. O-ver aiiti ah-vc,\mfliii befidcs, or more than what was at firft fup- pofed, or immediatelyintended. O'vcr aga'tttji, oppofitc, or facing in front. In Compofi- tion its fignifications are various, but it gene- rally implies excefs, more than enough, or too much. To O'VERABOUND, V. A. to abound more than enough. To O'VERAGT, V. A, to carry any charafter too far ; to acl more than enough. To O'VERARCH, V. A. to cover with t a gentleman, of whom he had fome know ledge, and of whom he folicited the loan of a fhiliing. The gentleman recolleding Mr. Otway, though in this extreme mean ap- pearance, and fhocked to fee the author of ycrace Preferred begging, compaflionateiy put into his hand a guinea. Mr. Otway, having thanked his benefa<ftor in the mofl fubmiflive terms, retired, and changed the guinea to purchafe a roll j but as his ftomach was full of wind by long fading, the firft mouthful choalced him, and indantaneoufly put a pe- riod to hii days. 'I hus, it is reported, Mr. Ot'A'ay died. O'VAL, Adj. [cviik. Fr. ai'um, Lat.] ob- long; rcfcmbling an egg when Cut into two the long ways. O'VAL, S. a roundifh figure, whofe length I too great weight. To O'VERAWE, V. A. to keep in awe. To O'VERBALANCE, V. A. to weigh down or preponderate. O'VERBALANCE.S.fomethingmorelhan an equivalent. To O'VERIJEAR, V. A. to bear down; to reprefs or whelm. ^-^-.^ To O'VERBID, V. A. to offer more fof a thing than it is worth. To O'VERBLOW, V. A. to drive away the clouds before the wind. Neuterly, to be pad its violence. O'VERBOARD, Adv. off", or out of ?. fhip. \ To O'VERBULK, V. A. to opprefs by bulk. " To «t'£t/)u//^ us all." Sbak. To O'VERBURDEN, V. A. to load with greater than its breadth, and rcfembles an egg. OVA'RIOUS, Adj. [from otut;?, Lat.] confiding of eggs. O'VARY, S. fc-valre, Fr. ci-armn, Lat.] f' e part of the body of an animal, wherein To O'VERCAST, V. A. to cloud, or darken j to cover, ufed by fempdrefles for that kind of work with which they cover button holes; to rate too high. To O'VERCHARGE, V. A. to opprefs, cloy, or furcharge with too mucii food ; to' e eggs are lodged, and impiegnatio.T is per- load or croud to excefs ; to rate too high ; to icimed OVA'TION, S. [Fr. c-uatio. Lat.] a ledcr triumph among the Romans, allowed to thofe I hat defeated an enemy without much blood- fhed, or conquered one his formidable. OU'BAT, or OU'BUST, S. a hairy cater- pillar. OUCH, S. a fpang'e, or glittering orna- ment made of fmall plates of gold and iilver, or of jewels. Ohiokte. 1 he ouri> of a boar, is the blow given by the tufk of a boar, from ocher, Fr. to cut. O'VEN, S. ff//r, of re. Sax. e-ven, Belg. »un, Teut.] an avciu-d cavity heated with largots, and ufed in baking. O'VER, Prep. [»/."-, Goth ohcr, cfcr, ofre, o-.ier. Sax. offoer, Dan.] fuperior to, or above, applied to excellence, dignity, authority, or place. Acrofs, or from one fide to the other. ••' lie leaped (me- the brook." Thorough. *' All the world o»i'cr.'' Hanmer. Some period before, joined with night. O'VFR, Adv. above the top ; more than a qi'antity alTigned ; from fide to fide ; from one to another ; from a country beyond the fcs ; on the furfacej pad. To read c-jcr, is to icaw thv^ugliout. O'emnd s'f-, denotes le- fili too full ; to load with too great a charge. To O'VERCLOUD, V. A. to cover with clouds. To O'VERCOME, V. A. [preter, Jow;- came, p:irt. pad. ouercome ; from otcrcomen, Belg. ofercmaen, Sax.] to fubdue, conquer, or vanquifh in battle or by calamity j to over- flow. O'VERCOMFR, S. one that conquers an enemy, or any difficulty. To O'VERDO, V. A. to do any thing to excefs. To O'VERDRESS, V. A. to adorn too much. To O'VER FLOW, V. N. to be too full to be contained within the biim ; to abound to excefs. A<!^ively, to fill beyond the brim ; to deluge, drown, or cover with water. Fi- gur.-\tively, to overpower. O'VRRFLOVv', S. the date of a vedtl which has more liquor poured in it thsn is iufficient to fill it ; fuch a quantity as flows over ; too great an abundance. O'VERFtOWING, S. the art of exceed- ing limits, applied to water. Too great a plentv or abundance. 0'V£RFLO^\'INGLy. Adj. in fuch » niiuvncsr O V E a manner as to exceed any limits. O'VERFORWARDNESS, S. too great a Quicknefs or forwardnefs. To O'VERFREIGHT, V. A. [preter yverfrdghtedf part, o-vafraugkt] to load too lieavily. To O'VERGO, V. A. to furpafs, exceed, or excel. To O'VERGORGE, V. A. t@ eat or fw allow t>oo much. To O'VERGROW, V. A. [preter over- giezv, part. pad", overgroivn \ to cover by i^rowth ; to rife higher above. Neuterly, to grow beyond the ufual ftandard, or natural lize. O'VERGROWTH, S. exccflivc growth. To O'VERHALE, V. A. to fpread over ; to examine a fecond time. To O'VLRHANG, V. A. to jut or hang over. To O'VF.RHARDEN^ V. A. to make too hard. O'VERHEAD, Adv. aloft; above j in the cieling ; over a perion's head. To O'VERHEAR, V. A. to hear thofe who do not intend to be heard. ToO'VERHEAT, V. A. toheatto excefs. To O'VERJQY, V. A. to tranfport ; to affeift with loo much joy. O'VERJOY, S. excefs of joy. To O'VERLADE, V. A. to opprefs with too heavy a burthen. To O'VERLAY, V. A. to opprefs by too much weight or power ; to fmother with too much or too clofc covering; to cover the fur- iacc of a thing ; to join by fomething laid over. I To O'VERLEAP, V. A. to leap over, or acrofs. O'VERLEATHER, .«;. the upper leather, or that part of a (hoc which covers the foot. " My toes look through ihco'verkatijtr." SLak. To O'VERLIVE. V. A. to live too long. To O'VERLOAD, V. A. to burthen with too great a load. To O'VERLOOK, V. A. to view from a higher place ; to perufe j to fupeiintesd ; to review ; to r.egJcifl: ; to flight, as if it had never aff'c£\cd the fight or mind. O'VERLOOKER, S. one that fees over any thing below ; one tiiat pallcs by a thing vvitliout obferving it. O'VERM.'VSTED, Adj. having too much' raaft. To O'VERMATCH, V. A. to be too powerful ; to conquer. O'VERMATCH, S. on« of fuperier power. O'VERMEASURE, S. fomething more than meafure. O'VERMOST, Ad), higheft, or fuperior to others in authority. O'VERMUCH, Adj. too much ; more than enough. O'VERiMVCn, Adv. in too great a degree. 4 O V E O'VERNIGHT, S. [this word is nfci only as a compound noun by Shakefpearc J but by Addifon as a noun and a prepofitionj the night before. To O'VERNAME, V. A. to read tlw names in a lift. OVER-OFFI'CIOUS, Adv. too bufy; toe fond of alTifHng ; too importunate To O'VERPASS, V. A. to pafs over or crofs ; to overlook or flight ; to omit in a reckoning ; to omit without receiving. O'VERPAST, Part, and Adj-. gone; pad. To O'VERPAY, v. A. to pay too much, OVERPLUS, S. that which remains a- bove what is fufficient. To OVERPOISE, V. A. to outweigh. O'VERPOISE, S. any weight which is- heavier than, or out-ballances, another. To O'VRRPOV/ER, V. A. to conquer, or opprefs by greater power. To O'VERPRESS, V. A. to cruft, or bear upon with irrefiftihle force. To O'VERPRIZE, V. A. to value at too high a rate, CKVER-RANK, Adj. too high a rank. ToO'VER-RATE, V. A. to rate or value- too high. To O'VER-REACH, V. A. to rife above; to ftretch one's felf too much in reaching; to deceive or impofe upon by fuperior cun- ning. Neuterly, to bring the hinder feet too far forwards, and ftrike the toes againft the fore fhoes, applied to a horfe. To O'VER-RULE, V. A. to influence^ or force to a compliance by fuperior autho- rity ; to govern with excefs^of authority. la Law, to fiiperfede, or reje£t as incompetent. " To lyjer-yule a plea." To O'VER-RUN, V. A. to wanderthrough a country by force of arms ; to exceed in running ; to overfpread, or cover all over ; to pefter or iiarrnfs by numbers. In- Printing, to be obliged to change the difpo- fition of the lines in correftions, becaufe the i.-iferti. ns cannot bccentaincd within thcfor- mer compafs. Neuterly, to flow over ; to be more than full. To O'VERSEE, V. A to fuperintend ; to pafs by without raking n:)tice ; to omit. O'VERSEEN, Part, miftaken or deceived. OVERSE'ER, S. one who is employed to fee tliat others perform their duty; an officer [employed to coUcft and take care of the- money coliefted for the poor of a parifn. To O'VER.SE T, V. A. to turn the bot- tom of a veflel upwards. Figuratively, tor be hurried away !jy any impetuous pallion. Ncutcily, to fall otf its bafis. To O'VtRSHADE, V. A. to make dark. To O'VERSHADOW, V. A. to caft a flmdow ovL-r any thing ; to fheiter or proteQ. To O'VERSHOO r, V. N. to fly be- yond the mark. Artively, to flioot beyon* the mark ; to venture too far }. to go beyoiii jjoue's abilities. CVFR' O V E O'VERSTGHT, S. the office of a perfon employeti to fee that others perform their du- ty; a miiVake or error owing to inadvertence. To O'VERSKIP, V. A. lo pafs by leap- ing ; to pafs over. Figuratively, to efcape. 7oO'VERSLEFP,V. A.[prctcranJpart. pad; o'verjJ'jf.:] to flcep too lon<;. To O'VtRSLli', V. A. to pafs without doing oi- takifg notice of. O'ViCRSPENr, Adj. wearied or fitigued by too much labour. To O'VERSPREAD, V. A. to cover, fpread, or fcatter over. To O'V'ERSTAND, V. A. to (land too obflinately upon conditions. To O'VERSTOCK, V. A. to croud, or fill too full. To O'VERSTORE, V. A. to (lore with too much To O VERSTR.AIN, V. N. to ftrain any part by making too violent efforts. Actively, to rtrctch too far. To O'VERSWAY, V. A. to force to compliance by fuperior authority. To O' VERS WELL, V. A. to fwell over, or rife above. O'VERT, Adj. [ouwn, Fr.J open ; pub- lic ; apparent. O'VERiLY, Adv. openly. ToO'VERTAKE, V. A. 'to catch in pur- fuit ; to come up to fomething going before. To furprize, followed hy in. To O'VERT ASK, V. A. to exaft too great labour or duties. ToO'VERTAX, V. A. to tax too highly. ToO'VERTHROW, V. A. [preter '.t-w- threiu, ^■wt.c'vcrtbroiuti] to turn uplide down j to throw down ordemclilh; to dclfroy. To conquer or defeat, applied to an army. OVERTHROW, S. the (late of being throvvn down, ortumhled upfiJe down; ruinj dertiuflion ; degrad.uion ; a defeat. O'VERTH'cOVvKR, S. one that beats down, ruins, or defeats. 0'Vl-RTH'vVARgp;'Adv. oppofite, or o- ver aoainft ; crolTift^itity thing. Perverfe, applied to humou^jF O'VKRTHWARTNESS, .S. perverfenefs O'VER TOOK, praer and part, padive of Ovei take. To O'VERTOP, V. A. to rife above the top. Figuratively, to excel i or furpafs ; to make of lefs importance by fuperior excel- lence. To O'VERTRADE, V. A. to deal for more than ones (lock will carry on. To O'VERTRIP, V. A. tu trip or walk light and nimbly over. O'VtRTURE, S. [cuveriurc, Fr. j an opening, or difclofurc ; a propofal ; a piece of mufic, ufuallv ending with a fugue. ToO'VERTURN, V. A. to throw down; to ruin ; to fubvert. Fi;:5urarively, to over- power, funnuunt, or coB4Ucr, our To O'VERVALUE, V A. to rate at toor iligh a prire. To O'VER WATCH, V. N. to watch too long. To O'VERWEEN, V, N. tO think too higl.ly of one's felf. O'VER WEENTNGLY, Adv. with too mucii arrogance, or too good an opinion of one's felf. To O'VER WEIGH, V. A. to weigh down ; to weigh more ; to be of more im- portance. O'VER WEIGHT, S. the ftateof a thing which is heavier than another ; the quantity given above the net weight. To O'VER WHELM, V. A. to crufh un- der fomething violent or Iic.ivy ; to look gloomy ; to bcjt down by force of water. O'VERWHELMINGLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to beat down and overcome, ap- p ied piimarily to water, and figuratively, to calamity, or the padions. O'VER WISE, Adj. affededly wife ; con- ceited ; wife to atfeflation. O'VER WROUGHT, Adj. laboured too much ; wrouglit all over. O'VER-ZL-ALOUS.Adj. zealous too much. OUGHI, S. {cwih:, oivuht. Sax. J any thing. ODGHT, Verb Imperf was bound to pay, or indebted ; to be obliged by duty ; to be fit or nece(rary. OVIFORM, Adj. ffrom o-jum, in^ for' ma, Lat.] having the (hapeof an egg. OVI'PAROUS, Adj. [from o-i/aw, and pa<io, Lat.] bringing forth eggs. OUNCE, S. \oncc, Fr. vnaa, Lat.] a weight, tiie twelfth part of a pound, conrainitig twenty penny-weights in Troy weiglit. In Avcrdu- poife weight, the fixteenth part of a pound. In Natural Hidory, a lynx, or panther; from once, Fr. t-n'X.a, Span. OUPH, S. [Seef//"] a fairy, or imagin.iry being called a goblin. O'JR, Pron. Pofitdive f« f. Sax. iior, Tcut and lil] pertaining or belonging to us; of the fame country with us. When the fub- (lantlvc oroes before, we write ours, " £d- " mund, you (hall beor^n." Shak. OU'RSELVES, Reciprocal Pron. fthe plural of m\felf] we, exclufive of others. Otirjdf IS ufed'in the fingular by kings. OUSE, S. [cc/I, Teut.J tanner'.^ bark. OU'SEL, S. [ oj!^. Sax. ) a blackbird. " The " oujl'l cock (o black of hue." Utai. 1 o OUST, V. A. [pronounced o:it[ oufter^ 'jtsr, Fr. ] in Law, to put out, or deprive of. " 0: pfd of his pofiLdlon." 3 Go. 349. OU 1', Adv. [ut, us, Goth, a. Sax. ut, iix, 0, Ifl.J not in a yldce, generally oppofed to in. In a (late of difclofure. " 1 he leaves are " cut.'" Bac. Abfent from a place or home; from an inner to a more public part. Ex- haiiAcd, applicJ 10 liquors. Difc^idcd by the OUT court, r ondly, or fo as to lie heanl, aftfr the verbs /peak, read, laugh, &c. Let to ano- ther, applied to lands. In an error, applied to thejudjiment. At a lofs, applied to the under(tandin;.i;. Out at eWoiui, iignilles torn or worn in holes, applied to dieis, or in a ftate of poverty, applied to condition. 'I his word is ufcdemph.iticiily before ain, and af- ter verbs Cgnifyint; difcovery. OUT, Interj. an cxpr*.fnoii of ahhorrence, and ficjnifying, be gone immediately. OUT OF, I'rep. [Johnfon obferves, that e/"feemstc) be the prepotitio i, and owf only to modify the (tiaic of of\ from, applied to produce. Not in, or excluded from, applied to place. Beyond, applied to power. Not irj) applied to fc-afon. From, applied to the thing or materials of which any thing is made. From or dlfcharge, applied to duty. Incon- fiilent with, applied to character. Part, with- out, applied to hope. By means of, applied to cauic In confequencc of. Out of hand, implies immediately, or without delay. i o OUT, V. A. [See Ouji] to expel , to deprive. OU r, in Compofition, generally implies compaiifon, and lignifies famclhing bejond another, or more than iifual. To OUTA CT. V. A. to ad any part to excefs. To OUTBI'D, V. A. to bid or offei more than another. OUTfJI'DDER, S. one that bids or ofTers more than another. OU TBO'UND, Adj. bound to fail to Tome foreign country. To OU'TBRA'VE, V, A. to bear down or difgrace by fupcrior courage, infoknce, or Ihew. To OUTBRA'ZEN, V. A. to get the better of by impud.nce. OUTBREAK, S. that which burfis out- wards ; an eruption. To OUTHRE'ATHR, V. A. to weary by having longer or better breath; to expire, or breathe out. OU'TCAST, r<,rt. thrown away as a re- fyfc ; baniflied. OU'TCAST, S. one rejeaed or expelled. To OUTCRA'FT, V. A. to excel in cunning. OU'TCRY, S. any loud noife made as a fign of diflrefs, or a clamour made in detef- tation. To OUTDA'TE, V. A. to antiquate. To OUTDO', V. A. to excel, furpafs, or perform beyond another. OU'TER, Adj that which is without, op- pofcd to inner. OU'TF.RLY, Adv. toward^ the oiitfide. OU'TERMOST, Adj. (fuperl.tive of outer] that which is at the gieatcft diftancc from the middle. To OUTfA'CE, V. A. to brave, or OUT b°ar dr>wn by a fhew of magnanimity or hn- pudcnce ; to ftareout of countenance. To OUTFLY', V. A. to leave behind ; lo go beyond in flight. OU i FO'RM, S. external appe; ranee. To OUTFRO'VVN, V. A. to overbear by frowns ; to frovn down. ■fo OUTGO', V. A. fpreter outiucnt, par- tic p!e but^-me'] to Ibrp Ts or excel ; to go be- yond, or leave behind ; to over-reach. To OUTGRO'W, V, A. to furpafs ia grovvtli, or to grow too great or too large for any thing. OU T'GUARD, S. one potted at advance from the main body as a aef.nce. To OUTJE'ST, V. A. to furpafs in je fl- ing. To OUTKNA'VE, V. A. to furpafs in knavery. OU'TLANDISH, Adj. belonging to a foreign country. ;j o OU' YLhST, V. A. to exceed in du- ration . OUTLAW, S. {uthga, Sax.] one ex- cluded from the benefit ot the law. To OUTLAW, V. A. to deprive of the benefits of tlie law. OUTL.VARY, S. a decree by which any perfon is deprived of the protc^ion of the laws, and ci:t off from the commiinity. To OU ; LE'Ar, V. A. to pals ia leap- ing ; to fiart beyond. OUfLE'AP, S. a fally; flight; or ef- cape OU'TLET, S. a pafTage outwards ; a paf- fage by which any thing may go our. OUTLINE, S. the contour, or line with which any fi<;urcis bounded ; an extremity. To CUlXrVE, V. A. to live longer ; t© furvive. OUTLI'VER, V. A. a furvivor, or one that lives longer than another. To OU TLO'OK, V. A. to face down } to browbeat. To OUTLU'STRE, V. A. to furpafs in iuflre or brightnefs. OUTLYING, Farticip. and Adj. not in the common courfc j removed from fome« thing eife. To OUlMA'RCil, V.A. to leave beliind in a march. OUTMOT, Adj. atthegresteft diflance from the middle. To OUTNUMBER, V. A. to exceed in number. OUTf'A'RlSH, S. a parifh lying without the walls. OU I PA'RT, .S. a part remote from die center or main body. To OUTPA'SS, V. A. to leave behind in walking or riding. To OU'TPOUR, V. A. to fend out. To OU'TPRIZh', V.A. to exceed in the value fet upon it. Yy T» O U T To OU'TR AGE, V. A. [cv?.-rw, Fr.] lo injure in a violent, ccntumelioii^, rou;:h, or inhuman manner. Neuterly, tobe<;uilty i>t-' excel les of tutlnilcnce and ir humanity. OU'TR AGE, S. an open violfiice, or mii- cicf'coirinirit-.l in a tumult j i coinmotion. OUTRA'GIOUS, Adj. [outrageux, Fr.J violent ; furious ; exceeding lealbn or de cency ; enormous, or atrocious. Ol'TRA'GIOUSLY, Adv. in a violent, furioii';, c- boilferous manner. OLTRA'GIOUSNESS, S, Any; violence; raging diforder and inhumanity. To OUTRE'ACH. V. A. to reach beyond. To ObTRI'DE, V. A. to pais in riding. OLTRI'GHT, Adv. immediately, or viiboiit deljy ; entirely; completely. To OUTROO'T, V. A. to r..ot out. To OUTR.U'N, V. A. to leave behind in running. Figuratively, to exceed. To OUTSA'IL, V. A. to leave behind in failing. . To OUTSCO RN", V. A. to bear down with fccrn ; to dllpife or ilighr. To GUTSE'L, V. A. to fell for more than anotlier; to gairt moie than the true value. ToOUTSHI'NE, V. A. toemltluOre; ro excel in luflre. To OUTSHOO'T, V. A. to exceed in fhooting ; to Ihoot beyond. OUT.>I'DE, S. the furface, or that part, ■which is expofed to fight; the extreme part, or that which is farthell from the middle ; cxtcriid! ;;ppearance. The part not within or Inclofed, oppofcd to in/iJe. To OUTSI'T, V. A. to fit beyond the time of any thing. To OL'TSLF/tP, V. A. to deep beyon-l. To OUTSPf-'AK, V. A. to Ipeak fome- what beyond; to exceed. To OUTSl^ORT, V. A. to fpriit beyond. To OUTSfRE'AD, V. A, to extend, or fpve.'d out. To OUTSTA'ND, V. A. to fupport or icfiit ; to (Vand beyond the proper tiwie. To OUTSTA'RE, V. A. to vamjuini or exceed in (taring. OUTSTREE'T, S. a ftreet in tiie extre- mities of the town. To OLTSTRE'TCH, V. A. to extend or fprciid out. To OUTSTRIP, V. A. [derivedhy Skin- ner from c:<f and //);;.'2:^"«, Tent, but John- fon fugged."!, that it mlgiit have been origi- nally o:/t-:r:f>, the s being afterwards infert- cdj to go faflcr or beyond another. To OUTSWEE'TtN, V. A. to excel in Avertnefs. To OUTSWEA'R, V, A. to overpower hv fv.-e iring. 'Tv> OUT-TO'KGUE, V. A. to bear rfo'vu !)V noifc. To OJT-TA'LIv, V. A. to exceed in larking. O W N to ft To OUTVA'LUE, V. A. value. To OUTVE'NOM, V. A, to excel in poifon. To OUTVI'E, V. A. to exceed or fur- pafs. To OUTVI'LLAIN, V. A, to exceed in villainy. To OUTVO'lCi:, V. A. to exceed in ftrength of voice or clamour. To OUTVO'TE, V. A. to exceed in number of ^'oters. To OUTWA'LK, V. A. to walk faflcr than another. OUTW A'LL, S. tlje outward part orwall of a building ; external appearance. " I am " much more— than my cutivall." Skat. OU'TWARD, Adj. f«.',r.WY/, Sax.] on the I'urfjce ; expofed to the fight, oppofed to inward. Foreign, oppofcd to inteftine. Tend* ing to the oiitparts. OI5T' WARD, S. external form or appear- ance. QU'TWARD, or OU'T WARDS, Adv. to foreign parts. " Outivard bound." To the outer parts. OU'TWARDLY, Adv. externally, evi- dently, oppofcd to inwardly. In appearance only, oppofed to fnxerely. To OUTVVEAr, V. A. to pafs tedioufiy, applied to time. To la.^ longer. To OUTWE'IGH, V A. to exceed in weight, value, or importance. To OU'T WIT, V A. to cheat or de- cei /e with fupenor cunning. OUTWO'RK, S. that part of a fortifica- tloTi which is neareft the enemy. OUTWO'RN, Pzrr.confumedordeftroy. ed by ufe. OUT WROU'GHT, Part, exceeded in ef- ficacy or art. To OUTWO'RTH, V. A. toexceedia value. To OWE, V. A. leg, ov, Ifl.y to be in- debted, or obliged to pay ; to be obliged to a» a caufe or benefador ; to derive ixom a caufe. O tVIMG, Part, following as a confequence; due as a debt or duty ; imputable to as the agent. OWL, S. {uk. Sax. u^U. Dan. «/'»/?, Belg.] a bird with a round head, largc'cyes, remark- able for hiding itfelf all day, appearing at night, and catching mice. OXv'LET, S. [a diminiHlve of tw/j c youag owl. 0\'i'N, S. S^agen, Sax. (?gcn, Belg a\r., Scot."] thi-; word is generally added to tl-.c pronouns pollrflive, rf>-, ih^, hh, Cir, yor^r, their, and implies property. .Sometimes It implies ac- tion, to diltinguifh it from that of any other, and fometlmes is ufed by wp.y of bppofition, for fomcthing peculiar tc» a f crfon. To OWN, V. A. to acknowledge; to coofcfs lo be one's property, or performed by oiu ~ O X F O X F one; to poflefs, claim, or hold by right, j Hen. VI I. Ti.CorpusChrifli.by R.Fox.bifliop To confefs, oppofcd to deny. OW'NriR, S. one to whom any thing be- longs. OWNERSHIP, S. property, lawful pof- feffion. UWRE, S. [u)-us, Lat.] a beafl named a buffalo. cfWinchtaer,Hcn.VilI. 13. ChriftChuich, by Henry VIII. 14. Trinity, by Sir Tiiomas Pope, queen Mary. 15. M John Baptift, by Sir I homas v\ hite, mei chant of Londbn, queen Mjry. j6. Jefus, by queen Llizabcth. 17. Wadham, by Nic and Dorothy Wad- ham, James I. )S. Pembroke, by T ho- OX, S. [formerly written cri:, plural tXf« j j mas 1 ifdale, E(q; and Dr VvMiitwi^k, Tames oxa, Sax. oxe, Dan. and Ifl. cz, Belg.J the ge- neral name for black cattle j properly a caf- trated bull. O'XFLY, S. a fly, fo called from its trou- bling oxen. O'XFORD, S. a city ofEnqhnd, and the capital of the county of the i'a.n^e name. It ftands on a fmall eminence on the banks of the Ids, near its juncflioii with the Cliarwell, snd enjoys a healtliy air. It is the fee of a bifhop, with a celebrated univerfity; the principal officers of which are, a chancellor (alway a nobleman of the firft rank) and a vice-chancellor, who is in orders, and the head of fome college exercifing the chancellor's power, and governing the ftudents aGcording to the ftatutes, the conflitution of which is remarkably regular, the difcipline ftri(rt, the endowments liberal j and, in fliort, every thing well adapted for the education of youth : •fo that it is the principal feat of the mufes in Great Britain. The private buildings here are neat, and the public magnificent. 1 he «ity, including the fuburbs, is of a circular form, and about three miles in circuit ; con- fiding chiefly of two principal flreets, which crofs each other in the center of the town. le greatefl trade of Oxford btfing in corn I 19, VVorcellcr was formerly called Glou- cefter-hall, till lately it was endowed by Sir Thomas CoI<e,arid made collegiate. 20, liart- ford, which was Hart hall till 1740, when it was ere<ficd into a college. All tliefeare en- dowed v.ith fcllowfliip!;, fchol irfhip.s, &c. and mod of them enriched wiih libraries, and o- thtr donations, and adorned with beautiful chapels, gardens, gioves, cloilkrs, quadran- gles, piazzas, Aatues, and other ornaments. J he halls, where gentlemen live at their own expence, except a few who have exhibitions or penllcns, are, t'i%. St. Edmund, belongirg to Queen's College ; Magdalen, to Magda- len College i St. Alban's, to Merton ; St. Mary's, to Oriel j and New" Inn, to New College. Eefide-. thefe colleges and hnlls, there are fchools, wherein exercifes for die feveral degrees are performed, public le/lures read, &c. i his is a rtate'.v pi'e, and was tirft built by queen Mary j Inu the prefcnt fahric was chiefly raifed by tlie contribution of sir I homas Bcdey, whofe linrary here is fa- mous throughout ail Europe for its number of books, printed and manuicript. The num- ber of iludeais is generally about three thou- land, two thoufand.of whom live at their o ■ n charges, and al;out one thoufand arc f.p- and malt, and the Ifis being navigable from ported by the revenues of the different col- hence to London, great quantities of thefe are fent down the river to the metropolis, and re- ceive in return coals, provifions, ^c Here it the famous Bodleian library, in which are manufcripts principally, all Dr. Ratclifi"'s library, fefc. the Theatrum Sheldonianum for public folemnities j the Clarendon print ing-houfe ; the Arundelian marbles ; the gallery for fine paintings; thirreen elegant parifh chuiches, belides the cathedral of Chrift-church college; and twcn;y colleges, "vix, I. Univerfity College, founded by king Alfred. 2. Balial, by Sir J. Baliol, father of Baliol, king of the Scots, in the reign of Henry III. 3. Merton, by lord chancellor Merton, bilhop of Kochefler, Edward I. 4. Orii-1, founded by Edwa^-d II. 5. Exeter, by Walter Stapk-ton, bilhop of Exeter, Ed- ward II. 6. Queen's by Rob. Eglesfield, R. D. Edward III. 7. New College, by Wil- liam of Wickham, Edward III. S. Lincoln, by R-ichard Fleming, bilhop of Lincoln, Hen- ry VI. 9. All Souls, by H. Chichelcy, ruch- bilhop of Canteibury, Henry VI. 10. Mag- dalen, by W. Vv'ainfleet, bifliop of Win- clu-iler, Henry VI. 11. Brazen Nofe, by £mi?h, bilhop of Lincoln, and R. Sutton, Ef^; leges, belides the fervants belont:;ng to the. colleges and halls, which have each their rules and Itatutes for government under their re- fpeftive heads, wiih fellows and tarors. i here arc four terms in the year for public exercifes, Iciflures, and difputations, and fet days and hours when the proftflors of every faculty read their lecftures, and in fome of the colleges are public le^ures for all who chufe to attend them, wiih proper falaries for th.e readers. Belides the chancellor and vice- chancellor already mentioned, there is, 1. A high lleuard, named by the chancellor, and approved by the univeifity. z. 1 wo pro^ors, who are niafleis of arts, and choie yeaily in turns out of the feveral colleges, to keep the peace and ptniilh difordcrs ^. A public orator, who h.Tjngues princes and other great per/onages vifiting the univerfity. 4. A keeper of the archives. 5. A regiller, who records all tranfajflions relating to tho uni- verfity. 6. Tiirce fquire beadles aud three yeomen- be.~.dles, who attend the vice chan- cellor in public. 7. A verger, wlio-, on fo- emn occa'lons, walks with tlu- beaJles belore the vice chaf!celk>r with a blvtr lod in his hand. 1 his re.,y (crve for a fxiccindl view of Y y a . tiis O Y S the nniverfiiy ; for Ihould we defrribe the in- rumerahle curiofities, fuch a detail would car- ry us beyond tlie limits prefcrilitd in this work The city is governed l*y a mayor, Ci^c but fubje<ft to the chancellor or vice chancellor ot the univcrfity in all affairs of crnfequencc, even rtliting to the town ; here parlinments have been frequently held ; and the city gave title of earl to the family of tlie Veres for the fpace of i;ooyea'.s; hut that family being long Ilnce extindt, the little was conferred by queen Anne, with the additional title of Mortimer, on the famous treufurer Harley, in whofe col- lateral dcfcendants it Hill continues. In a ftately tower, in the front of the college gate, hangs the great bell called 1 om, weighing near 1 7,000 /ij. being above feven feet in ' diameter, and near fix feet high. It is tolled , every night to give warning for lliuftrng up ] all the gates of the colleges. The univtrfity [ fends two members to parliament, (a prr\ilege given it, as alfa to Cambridge, by kir.g j lames I.) tnd the city the like number it lies fixty miles S. W. of Cambridge, and fifty W. of London. CXFORDSHIRE, S. is an inland coun- ty, having Buckinghamfhkeon the E. GIou- Ceder on the W Noriliamptonfh re on the N. and M'^arwickfhire on the S. It is forty- two miles long, and twenty- fix hroad, con- taining 534,000 acres, 19,700 houfes, and I20,oco inhabitants, and has one city, fifteen market-towns, 280 parillies, and fourteen hundreds. Its air is fweet and hcaltiiy ; and though many parts produce corn, it abounds mortty with meadows and paflures, and for- rnerly the hills were well covered with woods; but being cut down in the civil wars, fuel is fi ce very fcarce. It fends nine members to parliament, vis. two for the county, two for the city, two for the univerfity, two for New Woodflock, and one for Banbury. O'XLIP, S. a flower, called likewifc a cow- flio. b'XSTALL, S. a ftand for oxen. OXTO'NGUE, S. a plant. O'XYCRATE. [from oju;, andxsjaoi, Gr.] a mixture of water and vineg:ir. CXYMEL, S. [from cjij, and y.fKi, Gr.] a mixture of vinegar and lioney. OXYMORON, S. [Gr.] a figure in rhe- toric, in which an epithet of a co.itrary figni- fication is added to a word i as ia " Pu'infid •' pleafiire !" GY'ER, S. [cycr^ old Fr. to hear] in Law, heard : thus a court of cy^r and TcnrJKtr, is a place where c^ufes are heard and dcterm'ncd. O'YES, S. ^oyf, Fr. hear ye] a word ufed and repeated three tin'es by a public cryer in a court of judicc, and in delivering a prbchma- tion, to demand filtnce. OY'SFR, S. [oofire, Belg. Luitre, Fi-.] a ftiell-fifli having two Ihclls. OY'SIER WENCH, or OY'STERWO- P A C MAN, S. a woman who fells oyflers. FigvT<- rativtly. a low, mean, and vulgar wuuiaa. a'ZIER, S. SeeO/<?r. P A C A confonant ; the fifteenth leftei of the Englilh alphabet.; founded by a ^ flight comprelTion of the fore part of the lips ; When it comes bc'oie an b it is pronounced like an f, before t itisfomctimcs mure, or not founded, as in accon:pt and re- ceipt ; If wc trace it.^ form, it feems cither to have been borrowed from the Hebrew p, written forwards, after the European manner, or elfe from t!ie Greek IT, written with tiie lall leg fhort, as may be fccn on fome Roman mo- numents, which in courfe of time was formed round ; the Gothic charaflcr 11 rongly confirms this conjeifhire. 1 lie Saxon capital is the iame with that which v\eufc at prefent, Ufcd as a numeral letter it flood for 100, but with «i dalh on the top thus 1^ for 400,000. Amonj; medical writers it (lands for pugil, or the eigluh part of a handful. In Italian mufic it (fanJ for^wwo, or foft, and fliows that the force of the voice orinftrument is to be kUen- ed. P P implies piu piana, more foft, and. P P P pianifftmo, the fofteft pofTible. P. M. in aflrono.ny, Hands for pajl tueiidear., or afternoon. PA'BULAR, Ad). [/.jWww, Lat.] afford- ing aliment or tood. PABULA'TIOM, S \ pabulum, Lar.| the a<n of ((.eding or procuring provender. PA'BULOUS, Adj. [pahdum, Lat.jafford- ing aliment. PA'BULUM, [Lat.j among phyficians^ fignifies fuch parts of our common aliments as are necelfary to recruit the animal fluids ; as alfo any matter tliat continues the cauf; of a difeafe. PACA'TION. S. \facatio, Lat.j appeafing, pacifying, or aflliaging. PACE, S. [pos, Yx.pajfo, lul.pajus, Lat.] a rtep or fingie motion of the foot in w aiking. The gait or manner of walking. Degiee of quicknefs : hence to keep face ivi:h, is to equal a pcrfon in failnefs, either in walking, or riding; or to keep up with. Aniealurcof five feet. To PACE, V. N. to move on flowly. Ta move. Applied to horfes, to move by raifing the t'ict on the fame fide together. -Actively, to meafure by fleps. To dircifi or go. PACE, Adj. having a particular gait or manner of walking. PA' ER, S. a horfe tiiat raifes the two legs on the fame fide together, PACIFICA'T10N,^S. [Fr.] the art cf making peace. 'I he a(ft of appeafing. PACIFIC.VTOR, S. [p.-.cjlccirrur, Fr.] a peace maker. PACi- PAD ■PACIFICATORY, Adj. tending to make p>.'ace. PACI'FIC, Adj. [f,acl/;jite, Fi". fadficii!., Lat.] mild ; innkinj; pcucc , gentle. PA'CIFIER, S. une who appcufes or re- conciles. To FA'CIEY, V. A. \ pacifier, Fr. fadfio, Lat. J to reconcile, appeafc, or quiet an angry ferlon. TAC K, S. [Dclg. and Tent ] a iirge bundle of any thing prepared for carriage ; a burden or load ; a certain number of lards, generally 51 J a number of hounds liunting together j a number of perlbns united in fome bad de- li^n J 3 great number or ^uintity. To PACK, V. A. to bind up for carriage j to dilpatch in hafle, ufcd \^ith ojf. 'lo PACK, V. N. to tie up go©d.<; ; to remow in hafte j to aflociate in bad defigns. P.VCKCLOTH, S. [p^cklei-d, Kelg J a cloth in which goods are bundled or tied up. I'A'CKLR, S. one that binds up goods for carriage. I'ACKET, S. \^pac<juet, Yr.pachetto, Ital.] a fmall psck, bundl •, or mail of letters j a vedcl that cariies a niail. To PA'CKFT, V. A. to bind up in parcels. PA'CKHORSE, S. a horfe cmplo)ed in carrying burthens of goods. P.i'CKSADDLE, S. a faddle on which burJens are laid. PA!CKTHREAD, S. flrongtlimiJ ufed In packing or tying up parcels. P.-^.'CKWaX, S. the flrong aponeurofisor membrane on the lides of the neck. i'ACT, S. [Fr. fuauniy Lat. J a coHtracft, bargain, or covenant. P ACTI'TIOUS, Adj. [paab, Lat.] fettled upon condition. PAD, S, [paad, Sax. w'htnct paath. Sax. a path, pabdab, P^r. the feet j the road ; a foot path ; an eafy paced horic ; a robber .tliat iiifefts the ,road on foot ; a foft faddle, probibly a faddle or bolfttr ftuffcd with firawj a kind cf bollter made ufe of by crooked people to conceal their deformity. To PAD, V. N. to travel gently. To rob on foot. To beat a way fmoath and level. To conceal any dcforniity with a kind of a bolRer. PA'DDER, S. one that robs on fo«t. To PA'DDLE, V. N. [/-^rw-'/Z/cr, Fr.] to row ; to beat the water as witli oars ; to play with, or in the water ; to finc^er. PA'DDLE, S [pata/j a Ihort oar ufed by a fingle rower in a boat ; anything broad like an oar. PA'DDLER, S. one that plays with water. PA'DDOCK, S. [padj, Sax. paddc, B.lg.j fl great frog, or toad . PA'DDOCK, S. a fmall inclofure for deer, corrupted from park, parrack, paddak. PADELl'ON, S. \_pai de ikn, Fr. lion's foot] an herb. PA'PLOCK, S. liiom paddc, Eclg.J a P A I lock hungon a flaple tofaffen a door, box, C/c, l'..^i'AN, 6. [from the Songs iuijg tn i':E'aa or Apollo beginning with h I'uan^ a long of triumph. P.A'GAN, Adj. [piing.iKiJ!, Sax pagsms, Lat. from pngus, Lat. a vi'luge, the vijluges continuing Jiea"hens after the cities wti:e Chriflian.sj idolatrous; hcathcmili. Pa'GaN, S. an idoLitor. PA'GANISM, [Fr.j tht religion of ido- lators or lurathen.^. PAGE, S. [Ft. pog.ra, Lat.] one fide of the leaf of a book ; a young boy attending un a great perlon, generally ufed as a train- bearer. To PAGF, V. A. to mark the pr.gcs of a book with figures ; to attend as a page. PA'GEANT, S. a (kttuein a puulit fliow; any fhow or fpeftacle of entertainment. PA'GEANT, .Ailj.lliewy, pompous, gaudy. To PA'GEANT, V. A. to' exhiuit in fhow ; to reprefcnt. P A'GEANTR Y, S. pomp ; fhew ; often- tatious and gauuy I'plendor. PA'GINAL, Adj. [pagwa, Lat.] confin- ing of pages. PA'GOD, S. an IndL.n idol, or temple of an idol. PAID,, Pr.eter,and participle pad; vc of P^jy. PAlLjS. [paila. Span.] a wooden \cllcl in whidi milk or wata' is orried. PAIN, S. [pein^, Fr pin, Sax. peiri, Tout. £tom pai:a. Lat. qr p'vunn, Sax. topunilb] a punilhmeiit threatened ; a feiifation of un- ealinefs ; uneafinefs, applied tu the mind. In the plural, bbo.ur ; talk j the throws of child-biriji. ^ To PAIN, V. A. to makeuncily. LTed with the reciprocal pronoun, to labour iliard, or to hurt in making an effort. PA'INFUL, Adj mifcrable; afHicftive ; c.ufing an uneafy fcnfation J difficult, or re- quiring great labour. FA'INFULLY, Adv. with great pain, af- fiiclion, labour, or diligence. PA'INFULNESS, S. the quality of excit- ing an iineafy fcnfation ; grief. Pa'INIM, S. [payen, Fr.j an infidel, pa- gan, or idojator. PA'INIM, Adj. iiiolatrou'. ; Iieathenifh. P.'l'iNLESS, Adj. wiihoi.t any uneafy fcnfation or trouble. PAINSTA'KER, S. a b.boiious perfon. PAINSTA'KING, Adj. la!)ouring hardly and diligently. To PAINT, V. h.[peliit,Yr. from pdndre^ Fr. pini^o, Lat j to reprefcnt in colours; to cover with colour,*. Figuratively, to deferibe, to colour, or diverfify ; to lay colours on tlic face. PAINT, S. colouis made ufe of In repre- fcnting likenefies. PA'IM TFR, S. {fejnfre, Fr.j one who re- prefcnt.'; things in colours. PA'INTInG, S. the art of reprefcntins; y y 3 things PAL PAL th'ncs In colours. A pi(flurei or rercmblancel iPALISA'DE, PALISADO, S. [paTifeii', iormcJ with pnint. Fr- poUjado, Span] pales fet byway ot in- PA'INIURE, S. [/.^Jwtrr, Fr.Jthcartof fainting. " i^a;».';/rf near ac^joining." Diyd. PAIR, S. [faire, Fr. par, Lat.] two things fuiting one another. " A pjir of gloves." A liian and wife. Two of a fort ; two fimi- !ar p.ivtp joiHctl together, and conipofing one thing. " A /a';V of l;e]lows.'' To PAIR, V. N. to unite in couples. To fuit, or refemi'le. PA'LACE, S. {fa/a:s, Fr. p^-.Luiun, T^at ] a hoafs; in which a king or fome grcit perfon refides. A fpkndid houfe. PALA'N(^IIN, S. a kind of covered car- riage, iiicd i)y perfbns of dillinftion, and fup- ported on ihc (boulders of flives in tlie tall. PA'LAl .'.BLK, Adj agreeable to the tafle. PA'LATE, S. [palatu!':,Lat ] the flelh that qpmpofes the upper part of the roof of the niouth. The organ of tade. PAL.V TIC, Adj. belonging to the palate or roof of the mouth. PALATINE, S. [palailn, Fr. pulaiinus, Lat.] one invefUd with royal rights and pri- vileges. P.'VLATINE, Adj. pofTtlTing royal privi- leges. PALE, Adj. [Fr fallidu!., Lat.] of a white colour : Deprived cf its colour ; of a faint luflre ; dim. To P.-VL*^', V. A. to make whitifh or pale. PALE, S. \ i-'f.ius, i at.] a narrow piece of vood joined ahove ;-.nd btiovV to a crofs beam, to inclofc grounds. Any indofure ordi(lri<!>. )n heraldry, a flake placed upright from the top of the chief to 'he point. To PALE in, V. A. to inclofe with pales. To cncompafs. PA'LED, Adj. in Botany, applied to fuch flowers as have leaves furrounding a head or thrum ; as tie ni rygold. PALE-KYED, Adj. having dim eyes. P.^LE-F.-i^ED, Adj having the face whi- tift), or Vidthout any c lour. PA'LIilLY, Adv. wanly, or without rud- dincfs, PA'LENESS, S. want of colour. Want cf liiftre. PA'LENDAR , S. a coafting vefTcl. PA'LKOUS, Adj. [j:/;/ra, Lat.] hufky, chaf- fy'. " Pcilcnus bodies " Brcnun. PALI'JSTRICAL, Adj. [fa'^JIrkiis,t7^t. if;X.jc?;'f?>Gr.]of or belonging to wrellling. PA'LETTE, S. [Fr.] alight board with a hole tlirouuh v. hich the thumb pailes, nfcd by a limner to place his colours on. P.i'LFRY, S. \fa!,f'.y,Fx.palafrenc, Itpul. falfi'-ai, Brit J a fiBail horfe, ufrd by ladies. PA'LIKOROME, S. ^ \vor?i or fentence that reads the iame buckvvards or forwards, as nuHiani. P.VLirsODE, PALINCDY, S. a rccan- t..tijn. clofure, or defence. PA'LISH, Adj. fomething pale or wan. PALL, S. [pallium, Lat, palla, Lat.] a cloak or mantle of ftate. A pontifical orna- ment, mjde of white wool, Iborn honi two lambs, offered by the nuns of St. Agnes, on the day of her feaft. A covering of black vel- vet, lumLtime? edged ^v l[!i uliite liik, tii-own over a coffin, whe;; carried to the place of in- terment. '1 o PALL, V. A. to cover, hide, or con- ceal. To PALL, V N. [pallu, Brit, or from pale] to grow vapid, or tallelefs. lo dmip, or difpirit l"o impair or weaken. To cloy. PA'LLET, S. [pa:lle,FT.'\ a fmall or mean bed. PALL-MALL, S. \f\ompUa, Lat. a ball, and mallcui, Lat. a mallet j paillc, viaUle, Fr. See Mall, and Mkll ' a play in which a, ball is flruck through an iron ring v\ith a mallet. To PALLIATE, V. A. {paUl-.m, frotfx paiiw, of poH'ium, Lat a cloak] to cloak, co- ver, or extenuate any crime by excufes orfa- voural)le reprtfentations. PALLL-^' I ION, S. f Fr.] the aa of co- vering or extenuating a crime. An imper- fe<ft and tpmpotary cure. PALLIATIVE, Adj. [palliatif, Fr] ex- tenuating by cxcules and favoiirable reprefen- tatio. -. F A'LLIATIVE, S. fomething that extei|- uates a crime or alliviatcs pain. PALLID, Adj. \ paUidus, Lat.] pale; wan ; not high coiourcd. PALLl'OGY, S. [7ra>tv, andXsyft), Gr.] a figure in rhetoric, in which the fame word is repented PALM, S. \palma, Lnt. pa/wier, Fr.] a tree whofe branches are worn in token of vic- tory. The hand fpread out, or the inlidc of the hand. In meafure, three inclies. To PALM, V. A. to conceal in the palm. To impose on, ufed with //^c.«. I'p handle. To ftroak with the hand. PA'LMER., S. a pilgrim fo called from the cuftom of bearing branches of palm, by tliofe who had vifited the holy land. A crown encircling a deer's head. PA'LiVIER WORM, S. a worm covered w ith hair, fu called from its relemlsling a pjj- mer or pilgrmi in wjr.dering. Pa'LMETTO, S. a kind of palm tree, wi.h the leaves of which womens hats are made. PALMTFE'ROUS, Adj. [pa!ir:a, anifcro, Lat.] bcari!ii_; primes. PA'LMh-'EDK, Adj. [from fa!ft:a, and pes, Lat. I web-footed ; having the toes joined by a membrane. PA'LMISTER, S [fee Palmistry] one who profcfles palmiflry. PAL- PAN PA'LMISTRY, S. [pa/ma, Lat.] the art • f telling fortunes by the lines of the paUi:. PA'LMY, Adj. bearing palms. PA LPA BI'LITY, S. [f;alpablc] the quality of being perceiveable by the touch. PA'LPABLE, Adj. jFr. /.^/^.r, Lat.] to be perceived by the toucii. Grofs ; coarfe ; cufily dctecfted ^ plain or eafily perceived. FA'LPABL} NESS, S. the quaiity of be- ing perceived by the touch. Grcliheis, plain- nefs. The quality of being fo plain, as al- most to be telt. PALPABLY, Adv. in fiich a manner as to be perceived by the touch. So grofs or plain, as almoft to be felt. PALPA'TION, S. [falpatb,palpor,'L^t.] to beat as the heart ; to flutter. To PA'LPITATE, V. A. [palpkatus, from falpho, Lat.] to beat like the heart j to flutter. PALPITA'TION, S. [Fr.J thelncrcafed and fenfible motion of the h^art, occafioned by fright or dilbrdcr. PA'LSGRAVE, S. {palt_fgm-ve, Belg.pahf- graff, leut. J a count or eai I who has the fu- pcriiuendance of a prii:ce's palace. PAN PANACF/A, S. an herb, PAN'CAKE, S. a kind of cake made in a- frying-pan. PANA'DO, S. [panadc^Yr. par.ada, Ital. from panh, Lat. bread] food mad:: by boiling bread till iris in a manner diflolvcd in ^vater. PANCRA'TICAL, Adj. very fliong, or excelling in all the gymnaflic exercifes ; ai- mightv, all-po\verf\iL PA.MCHRE'STA, S. [Wjocfra.Gr.] me- dicines that are efficacious in all difcafes. PA'NCREAS, S. the part called the fwect- bread j a conglomemte ^land, fituated be- tween the bottom ot the llomach and the vertebrjc of the loins, and affording a juice of great fcrvice in aililUng digeflion. FANCREA'TIC, Adj. belonging to the pancreas. PA'NCY, or PA'NSY, S. [perhaps cor- rupted Fioanpanacey, of pi:narea, Lat.] a flower <.f the violet kind. PA'NDECT, S. a treatife tint compre- hends the whole of any fcience. A diged of the civil Iivv. PANDE'MICK, Adj. [way and JV-o;, Gr.] incider.t to a whole people. PA.'NUtR, S. [from r^r^^rttj, the pimp PA'LSIED, Adj. [jCrtZ/yj afflicted with the in the flory of T; c;7/.i and Cr^^W./, and fhould palfy. therefore be written Pai:da>\ a pimp, or man PA'l.SY, S. [paralyf.s, Lat. from whence that procures profHfutes lor another. paralafy , pahijy , and /.aZ/j"] a dileafe, wherein | To PA'NDER, V. A. to pimp. To be the body or fome of its parts lofe their mo- | fubfervient to hift or paflion. tion, and fomctimes their fenfation. P.^'NDERLY, Adj. pimping; rcfembling 1 o i'A'LTER, V. N. [t\om palircn, Fr.J ' pimps ; mean, to prevaricate ; to Ihift or dodge. PANDICULA'TION, S. \ pandkmans. To Palter, v. a. to fqmnder, to Lat.] the reftlefihefs, ftretching and uneafi- trifle j nefs, ufually attending the cold fits of an in - P.A'LTERER, S. an infincer* dealer or, termitting fever. Ihift P.iLTRINESS, S. meannefs. PA'LTR Y, Adj. [paltron, Fr. a fcoundrel, pultrccci2, Ital. a mean proflitute, ^^/Vorc, Ital. a cheat] forry ; worthlcfs ; contemptible ; mean. FALUDAMENT, S. [pahidameTitum^Lat.] a<o3t armour ; an herald's coat. PA'LY, Adj. of a whitifh hue, deprived of icdnefs. Ufcd only in poetry. PA'NE, S. [panean, Fr.] a fquare piece of glafs. PANEGY'RIC, S. [penegyrique, Fr.] an elogy, or piece writtsn in praife of a perfon or thing. PANEGY'RIC, PANEGY'RICAL, Adj. praifmg ; in the nature of a panegyric. PANEGY'RIST, S. [par.egyr'^e, Fr.J one that writes praife. PA'NEL, S. fa diminutive of paneau, Fr.J PAM', S. [perhaps from ^a/wa, Lat. vie-: a fqnare, or piece of any matter inferred- a- tory, as trump is from triiin:p/J] the knave of tiubs. To PA'MPER, V. A. [pi^nderare, Ital.] to fill with food, or feed luxurioufly. PA'MPHLET, S. [written by Caxton pannjkt, fiom par iin fdct, Fr. by a thread] a fmall book not bound. To PAMPHLET, V. A. to write fmall books or pamphlets. PAN, S. [ponne, panne, %&■&. patinie, Dan. panne, Belg. pfann, Teut.] an earthen veflel broad and hollow. The part of a gun lock that jioldsthe powder. Any hollow or cavity. " The brain /-un." The god of fhcpherds. PANACEA, S. \panacce, Fr, TT^iiiKua, Gr,J an imiyerfal medicine. mong others. A fquare piece in a wain- fcot. PANG, S. [fiom pein, Fr. pain, OT /ar.^, Belg. j excellive pain : A fudden and vehe- ment pain or torture. To PANG, V. A. to torment cruelly. PA'NIC, Adj. [from P..77. who is fup- poftrd to occafion groundlefs fear] violent without reafon, applied to fear. PA'NNADF, S. the curvetting,or prancing of a high-bi-cd horfe. PA'NNEL, S [piinni-el, Edg. panneati, Fr.] a kind of clumfy faddle. In law, it fignifies, the paper with the names of the jurors re- turnetl by the (heriffj and in falconry, tlic ftomach of a hawk. y y 4 PA'lN^NjG PA P PA'NNrC, PA'NNICLE, S. a i;bnt of the millet kind. PA'N'NIER, S.\par.kr, Fr.] a bifliet, or wicker vt(7t! hun;T;on the llJe of a horfe. PA'NOPLY, S. complete armour. PA'NSY, S. a flower. To PANT, V. N. [par.t^Ur, o\i Fr.] to fetch the breath fhort, when fri^hf-ned, or out «f breath. To play with inttrmiflion, ap plisd to the wind. To wifh or Icng for. P.A.NT, S. the motion of the heart. I'AKTALOON, S.r;;(ZK.',;./,;r, Fr.l a man's gaimant, in which the bieechesandflockings ai-e all of a piece. Hanmtr. FAN'TESS, S. Ipantotmcnt, Fr.] the dif ficulry of breathing in a hawk. PAN THEOL'OGY, S. I -n-xy^icXoy^a, Gr.] the whole fiim or body of divinity- PAN'TKI'ON, S. f^«v5£i5v, Gr.] a Tem- ple at Rome dedic<:tsd to all the Gods. PA'NTHER, S. \pu>:!bcra, L.it. panthere, Fr.J a large fpotttd wild be^ii, f caret ever tamed. PA'NTILE, S. a sijtter tile. PA'MTIN'GLY, Aiv. with a palpitation , breathing fhort. PA'NTLER, S. f/xiw/Vr, Fr.] a perfon, who keeps the bread in ^ great family. PA'NIOJ-LE, S. [panM'ff.:, Sux.. fei:to- fula, Itiil.] a flipper. ' PA'NTOMIME, S. one who can esprefs his meatiing by a(f^ions. A fare.-, which con- fifls entirely in geflure and dumb (hew. PA'NTO.^^, S. a Ihoe made to recover a narrow imd hide-bound htel. PA'NTRY, S. \par.ctrk, Fr.] the room in which victuals or pans are kept. PAP, S. Ipapi, Ital. p.-ifpc, Belg. pap\lh. PAP PA'PILl.O, S. \ Lat. papV.hn, Fr.] a moth of various colours, by fomt calK-da butterjly. I'ATILION.A, 'CECIL'S, Adj. in botany, applied to fuch flov.ers as repreftnt a butiu- fiy. with its wings expanded. PA'PILLARY, P.VPILLOUS. Adj {pa- p'dla, Lrtt.J having cmulgent vtficis lefcm- bling pjps. P.VlMST.S ^payfie, Fr.] one that adlieris to thee, mmunion of ihepopeand the chuich of Rome. PAPI'STICAL, Adj. popilh: Adhering to the pope. PATISTRE, S. popery : Tl.e doaiineof the church of Korr e. PA'Pi'OUS, h6). {pnpp'ijui, Lat.] in bo- tany, coveted with a light thin down. PA'l'PY, Adj. foft i juicy : Kafily divided. PAl'ULOSl'TY, liopuUf.taiX-^t.'l fulnefs of Lliflers or pimples PAR, S. [Lat.j the ftatc of equality or ci^ujI vahif. PA'RABLE, S. [pjraMa, Lat.] a fable or (tory made ufe of to convey fome impor- tant tuith, and originally borrowed from the hieroglyphic <. h.ii aiflers. PARABOL.'^, S. fLat.] i:i geometry, a conic fcdtion aiiling from a cone's being cut by a pl'.ne paralLl to one of its fides. PAR i'BOLIC, PARaBO'LICAL, Adj. [parahoH^ue, Fr.J expredcd in pjrables or by a fimiiitude. In g'.ometry, having the form or properties of a parabola. PARABO'LICALLY, Adv. by way of parable, or fimiiitude. \n the form of i pa- rjbf.la PARA'CENTEsI.S, f«■apttx£'^T^^-.f, Gr.] heopeiation, wheieby any of tlic venters are Lat.j the nipple of a breift. Pood made ' perfoia:ed to difch-irgc any matter i as in the for infants of bread boiled in milk or viater, Dropfy. ■the pulp of fruit. PARACF'NTRICP.JVR ACE'NTRICAL, ■ PA'P.A., S. \pafa, Lat.] a name of fond- Adj. deviating from the center, nefs ufed by a child to its f.ither. PARACHK < )'N1SM, S. an error in chro- FA'PACY, S. \pjpa, Fr. fiom papa, Lat. a pope 1 the office or di.^nity of a pope. . PA'P.^L, Adj. [Fr.J belonging to the pope. PAPA'VEROUS, AJj. [pjpat-erous, from papa-jcr, Lat.j belonging to, or refembling poppie?. PA'PER, S. [ptjp'ur, Fr. p.fpyt-us, Lat. the nology; a milLking the time of any incident or event in hilhiry. PARACLF.'TE, S. fwapaxX«V. Gr.] an Advocate, or Comforter. Generally applied to the third perfon in the Koly Trinity. PARA'DE, S. [Fr.J anoftentatiousftiow or difplay. Military order. A place where troops are drawn up in battle airay. A guard. jeed of the Nile, on which they wrote before ! or a poll ure of defence. the invention of paper] a fublhmcc on whith ■we write or print, made of linen rags ground, macerated in waterj and formed into thin Iheets by mejns of a ficve. A piece of paper. A finglc Cf.cct printed or written, ufually ap- plied to jou.nals, or ellays publhhed in lin- j;lc fhects. PA'PER, Adj. any thing flight or thin ; made of paper. To PA'PER, V. A. to cover or wrap in paper. To re^i iTer. PA'PESCENT, Adj. tending towards; cr Kfcmbhng pap. PA'RADIGM, S. [Gr.] an example, or table. PARADTSIA'CAL, Adj. [paraJife] fuit- ing, refembling, or forming paradife. PA'RADfSE, S. the garden of hlifs in which our firft parents were placed. Any place which affords excjuifite pleafurc or hap- pmefs. PA'RADOX, S. a tenet contrary to a received opinion, and which at firft appears abfurd. PARADO'XICAL, Adj. of the nature of a parado:^. 3 PARA- PAR ?\RADO'XICALLY, Adv. aftci- the manner of a parai'ox. PAKAOOXO'LOGY, S. [from rrx.ui.^o;, and "Kc-yM, Gr.] fpeaking in paradoxes. PAR.-tNE'SIS, S (7r«fn'E3-ic, Gr.J ad- nnonition ; pncept, or inltruction. PARAGO'GK, S I Fr J a figure wherehya fjlljble or letter is added to the end of a word PA'RAGON, S. [ Fr ] from />rf/flp-f , old it. paragone, Ifal.J a model ; fomething Ai- peiL.tive excellent 'Jo PA'RAGON, V. A. to compare ; to Cvjua!. PA'RAGRAPH, S. fFr.] a diftinft part of a difcoiirfe. In printing, a mark, ufed to fi^nii'y the begnning ot Ibme other fn['<jcft, and formed thus f\. PARAGRA'I'HICALLY, Adv. with dif- tinft breaks or fentences. PARALIP'. IS, S. [TTi^a-Kuli^, Gr.j a figure in rheturic, v. herein that thing is let pals, which nevcrthclefs is intended to be infifted on at iarue. PARALLA'TIC, PARALLATJCAL, Adj. belonging to a par-llix. Prt'RALJ.AX, S. the diltance between the true and apparent place of the f;m, or any lUr vie veJ from the furface of the earth. PA'RALL'-iL, Adj. extended in the fame direction, obfcrving always the fimedire^ion, cljfcrving always the fame difbnce. Having the f.ime tendein y, continuing the refcm blance through fcveral particulara : i ike. PA RALLELS, S. lines continuing their courfe, and equally diftant from each orher. Lines on the glolie, wliich diftinguilh the la- titude. Dire(flion conformable to that of ano- ther line. Refemblance; likenefs A com- ^uriiba. Any thing refeir.bling another. To PA'RALLEt, V. A. to place (o as to keep the fame diiedion with, orlieat thefjme jdirtancefrom another line. Toconefpond to. To compare. 1 o bear refembhncc to. PARALLELISM, S. the Hate of being parallel. ■ PARALE'LLOGRAM, S. [Fr.] in geo. metry, a right-lined quadrilateral figure, whoic pppolite fides are parallel and equal. PARALLELOGRA'MICAL, Adj. hav- ing the properties of a parallelogram. PARALLELOPl'PED, .S. a folid figure contained under fix parailelograms,whofe op- pofite fides are equal and parallel. PARA'LOGISM, S. a falfe argument. PA'KALOGY, S. a falfe reafonin*'. PaRALY'SIS, S. the palfy. PARALY'TIC, PARALY'TICAL, Adj. affeOed with the palfy. PARA'METER, S. a con ftant right line in each of the three conic fciHions, called iikewife the lait/i reanm. PARAMOU'NT. Adj. {faramor.t,o\^ Fr. or oipaia and n.cntar, Span. | having the chief pr highefl aiitho'ity. Kminent or of the ^i^liefl order. PAR PARAMOU'NT, S the chief. I'A'RAMOUR, S. \ixom par, Fr. by, and at) our, Fr, iovej a lover. A miflrcfs. PARANY'MPHK, S. Iparanympk,:, Fr,] a bridtman. One that countenances or lup- porrs arn.iher. PARAPE'GM, S. .1 brazen table fixed to a pillar, vn which laws and pM clamations, the rifing and Ictnny of Hars, and other alfra- norTiical obfcrvations were formerly engraven or delineated. Pa'RAPET, S. fFr. pamutto, Jtal.J a wall in a fortification Lrealt hi;'h. PARAPKIMO'SIS, S, a clifeafe wherein the prepuce cannot be drawn over the glaiis. PAMPhlE'KNA'LJA, :i. [Lat.J goods ia the wife's difpofal. P.VR A PHRA5E,«. a loofi interpretation, wherein regard is Lad only to an .lUthor's meaning, not to his words. To PA'RAPHiiAhK, V. A, to tranflate ia a free manner, fo as only to give the icnle of a paiiage, but iiot th^ literal nieaiiing of every word. l^A'KAPHRAST, S. {mo^^^^xchc, Gr.] a lax interpreter; one who eX|oijiids in niitny words. PARAPHRA'STJC, PARAPHRA'STI- ChL, Adj. explained in:i free trlcofe manner. PARAPHRENl'TIS,- S. \-na,a, and>^j^ l- ■"fj^^r] amadncfs actompanicd wixh a conti- nual fever . an inflammation otlhediapliragm. PARAPLEGl'A, S. [Gr. j a paiiy which fcizes all parrs of the brdy below the htnd. PARAjA'NG, S. a Pcrfian med'ure of length PARASIO'PE^IS, S. [Gr.j a figure in rhetc-ric, which fignifics keeping filcnce. PARa.SI'TIC," PaRASinjCAL, Adj, ^tarnfitiquc, Fr.j flattering or wheedling. PA'RASOL, S. |lr.j a Iniall canopy or umbrella ufed to defend the head from rain or the heat of the fun. PARAS\'NAXIS,S.[Gr]aconventicl(r. PARATHESIS, S. [Gr. I a figure in grammar, where two or more fubfbrtives ait put in the fime cafe. In rhetoric, a fmall hint ot a thing. In printing, the matter con- tained within two crotchets, marked thus [1. lo PA'RBOIL, V. A. \ pourbaihUr, Fr. or iiom part ho]I\ to half boil. To I'A'KBRE.A.K, V. N. to vomit. PA'RCEL, .S. {parcelk, Fr.] a f.,iu]l bun- dle. A, part taken feparately. A qnantity or mafs. A number of perlbns or things, ufed in contempt. PA'RCEL, V. .A. to divide into fcparate portions. To make up into a lum. PA'RCENER, S. in law, cpplitd to a man's fillers or daughters who become ponef- fed as joint tenant.^ or co-heirs of a man's e- ftate, by his dyini; without ifluc male. To PARCH, V A. to fcorch, or hiirii flightly. lodryup, Ncuierly, to be Iccn di- ed or d.'ied. PAR- P A R PA'RCHMENT, S. \pardcmn, Fr. pa-- ^amcr.a, Lat. becaufe iiiventcd by Eumencs at PeroamujJ fheep (kins drelTcd and fit for writing. PA'RCITY, S. liard-.at. Lit ] frugality; I fparingiKfs. 1 PARD, PA'RDALE, S. \pardui, Lat.j fardahi, Lat.] the leopard. In Poetry, any ' ipotted besfl-. ' I To PA'RDON, V. A. Ipardtntcr, Fr. far- \ donare, Ital.] to excufe anoflender, forgive a; frime, er.rerr.it a penalty. Pardon tiic, is a ' phrafe of civil dcni;.l or flight apology. PA'RDON, S. [Fr.l the aO of forgiving I an offender a crime, or of remitting a ptnalty. PA'RDONABLE, Adj. capable of being forgiven. PA'RDONABLENESS, S. the quality of being pofiiible to be forgiven. PA'RDONABL . , Adv. in fuch a manner ss may be forgiven. PA'RDONER, S. one who forgives ano- ther. To PARE, V. A. [porldan, Ferf. to cut] to cut CiT" the outward coat cr furface; to cut offextremiiies by little and little. PAREG'BASIS, S.. [Gr.] a figure in rhctoiic, where the principal fubjeft is de- parted from. PAREGO'RICK, Adj. iTrair.yopiHo;, Gr.] liiving the power, in Rledicine, to comfort, moUity, or ailua^e. PARE'NCHYMA, S. [irar-yxvH-'; Gr.] a fpongy or porous fubflance ; a part through which (he blood is ftrained. PA'RENT, S. [Fr.farer.s, Lat.] a father or mother. PA'RENTAGE, S. extradion ; birth ; eoudition with lefpeft to the rank of one's parents. PARE'NTAL, Adj. becoming or belong- ing to parents. PAKENTA'TION, S. rfrom/>d;vr-o,Lat.] fomething dune or faid in honour of the dead PARE'NTHESIS, S. [Gr.] in Grammar, a fentence, which may be left out without ff oiliniT the fenfe of the period; in I'riraing, marked thus ( ). PARE'NTICIDE, S. {parens and cada, Lat.] the killing a father or motlier. PA'RERGY, S. [TT^-fx and ipyov, Gr.] fomt thing iinimport.int, or done hy the bye. PA'RGET, s. plainer hid on the roofs or cielingof a loom. To P.VR G ET, V. A. to cover with plhifler PARHELION, S. [jra^^ and rx,:-, Gr.J a mock fin. P.-\RrET.AL, Adj. [from pcries, Lat a wai'ij roiiOifuting the fides or walls. PA'Rfi\G,. .S. the rind, or that which is p^red ofTar^y thing. PA'RIS, fin Lat. Lutct'u, Parifiorum, or Pc.rijihin'j a city iu ilic middle of the govern- PAR ment of the iflc of France, both its capital, and alfo that of the whole kingdom. It lies in a fpacious plain on the Seine, 'i his is a very large, populous, and (lately city, built of a circular foim, about two French leagues in di.inicter, and fix in circuit, including the fuburbs. It is reckoned to contain 912 flrcets, great and fmall, and upwards of ac. 000 houfes, btlides religious (Irudures, colleges, halls, and fliops ; has 52 parilhes, 56 monafleries inha- bited by friars, 78 by nuns, 14,000 coaches, and about +co,oco inhabitants; thefcconfume ^ aninially aiiovc i:,o,oco muids of corn, each muid 26CO pounds weight ; i40,oco oxen or cows, 550,000 Ihecp, 1 21;, 000 calves, and 4c ,cco hogs ; 3 3o,coo muids of wine, each equivalent to 300 of our quarts, befides bran- dy, beer, and cyder. Though Paris (lands on more ground than London, which may be much doubted fincc the great increafe of new buildings in the latter, it is not fo populous, London exceeding it by at lead 200,000 fouls. The houfcs of Paris are built of white bewn- (tonc, and unif':rm j the (t'cets are of » com- petent breadth, the foil of which is conveyed into a canal, and waflied down by means of a large body of water conveyed from a neighs bouring fountain. As almofl every Fiench nobleman has a palace, or hotel as they call it, in this city, with courts and gardens belong- ing to it, in tills refpe^ Paris furpafits any thing of that kind to be met with in London. The Louvre, the Tuilleries, and other royal palaces here, are indeed large and fpacious, but old and decayed buildings P^ris has three capital divifioBS, namely, i . The town, which Hes to the N. of the Seine ; 2. The city, which is entirely furrounded by the river, be- ing in the center of all, is called L'Ifle du Pa- lais, i. e. the illand of the palace, as the royal palace takes up great part of it; and, 3. The univerfity, which lies to the S, of the Seine, together \\ith twelve fuburbs The whole is further fubdivided into twenty quartiers or wards. Paiis is the fee of an archbifhop, the feit of the principal part of the kingdom, and other chief courts. Here is an univerfity and fitty-four colleges, but in only t^n of ihefeare publx exercifes performed. The Sorbonne is one of the fined colleges in Europe, and for- merly very famous, by which name the v. liole univerfity is tVequently fignified ; but it is at prelcnt vcrv much on the decline, on account of its civil jiitifdi^ion, and the other privi- leges it formtrly enjoyeJ, being taken fi'om it. ; ef;Jes the royul academy of fciences, of much the fame nature as our Royal Society, here is an academy for refining the French lan- ouage ; alio ac'ademies of painting, fculpture, 2nd ;nchitc(flure, with many others for the improvemmt of all mtehanic arts and manu- factures, as tapeOry, mofaic works in plate, ' iron, (leel, brafs, embroidery, &c. The prin- cipal manufaftures in Parts are gold and filvcr ftufls, PAR fluffs, alfo lace of tlie fame materials, tapef- j try, ribbans, linen, and glafs. The moft con- fiierabie palaces in Paris ire the Louvre, be- hind which is the Tuillerits ; beyond that is 9 fine walk called the Queen's walk, or La Cours de la Reine ; the palace of Orleans or Luxemburg, tlie royal palace, with a palace where the parliament meets. Befidcs thefe, there is the Buflile, a p ifon for ftate pri- foncrs, and fuch as are taken up by lettres- de- cachet; the arfenal ; the King's libra- ry J the royal phyfic gardens; the royal ob- ftrvatory ; tiie j^otielins for all forts of manu- facluies , and the town-houJe, in the f^uare, callea the Grcvc- Its principal churches are, the cathedral of Notre Damc^ St. Genevieve, the dbbey of .St. Germain, witli the church and nunnery ot Val-de-Grace, &c. Thefird magiftrate of Paris is called Prevot des mer- chjnds, or the provoft: of the merchants. In Paris are ten bridges, the three moll c nfide- rable of which arc the Pont-au-Change, the Pont-neuf, and the Pont royal. On both fides of the Seine are very fine quays in fcve- ral places : and in this city are upwards of twenty hofpitals, ot wiiich the florel Dieu is the Ijrgefl, &c. In the f^uare called La I'hce des Vidoires, is a noble (tatue of Lewis XIV. but very much degraded by ftatleiing infcrip- tions,andthe mean p»ote(lations,&c. ufed for- merly, even to a degree of adoration, by the Duke de la Feuilladc, who erected it. In the neighbourhood are the palaces of Verl jilks, Trianon, Marli, St. Germain en Laye, &c. ^c; " Paris, fays Btfchin, is the center of all good tafte and recre;Uion." But vanity und pieafure, the other part of its charaOer, reign- ing here i ' a fuperlativt degree, does not feem to entitle them to any great (hare pf the toi- mer. It lieszco miles S. E. of London, 550 \V. of Vienna, 6Vio N. E. of Madrid, 700 N. W. of Rome, and 1 300 in the fame di- rection from Conftantinople Lat. 48 deg 50 min. N. long. 2 de;^. zc min. E. PARISH, S. [/fl^oi/l-, Fr.J a diftnrt be- Jonging to the fame church, and under the ^are of the fame pried. PA'RISH, Adj. belonging to, or having the care of, the pariih; maintained by thcparilh. PARISHPONER, S. [fi>,oiJ.cr,.fr.i\oTr\ tarijh} oae that belongs to, or is an inhabi- tant of a parifh. PARISYLLA'BICAL, .S. in giammarfig- pifies having an equal number of fyllables. PA'RlTOk, S \cpfarit6r^ a beadle, or one that fummons to attend in the court be- longing to the civil law. See Apparitor. FA'RITY, S, Ipanu', Fr. faritas, Lat.] fquaUtyj likenefs ; rt-femhlance. PARK, S. [^pcarrcc, jearnic, i^iK. pacrck, ph;rCf Teut. pare, Fr.] a piece of ground in- clpfed and ftored with deer or beads of chafe. To PARK, V. A. to inclofe, as in a park. Parle, S. [paiU,-, Fr.] converfation. 1 he ft<fl of treating by word of ir.outh. PAR To PA'RLEY, V. A. to treat by word of mouth ; generally ufed in war of the treaties carried on by enemies during .a fufpenfion of arms for thrt purpofc. To heat ov jo»nd a par- hy, fignifies to give thcfignul for a conference, by beat of drum, or found of trumpet. PA'RLEY, S. a treaty carried on by word of mouth, PA'RLIAMRNT, S. [parkmept, Fr.] the aflembly of the lords fj:iritual and temporal for debating of matters touching the comiuon- wealth, and the making or correcting of laws. P A R L I A M E'N T A R Y, Adj. en a<ncd by, fuiting, belonging to, or performed by the parliament. P i'HL'.'UR. F. [parUiir, Fr. parlaiorh, ftal.j in menalleries, a room where tli£ reli- gious receive thofe that come to fee them. In houfcs, a room elegantly fuiniihed tor recep- tion and entertainment. PA'R'.OUS, Adj. [perhaps from pailei-^ to fpeak, but Junius derives it fri^m perilous, uf d in the fame fenfe as the Latin mp'obtis] keen ; fprightly j waggilh. *' A par lorn wit.'* Dryd. PA'RLOUS, Adj. [from /.«rA/j] incom- parable ; match lefs. PA'Ri OUSNESS, S. quicknefs j keenncfs of wit PARNA'SSUS, S. a craggy mountain of ancient Greece, rendered famous by the poets, and facred to Ap(i!lo ai.d the muies. It lies in the W. part of Aehaia, lije modern Livadia, a province ot European Turkey, and N. of the gulph of Lepanto Jts high tops termina- ting in two points or pics, was hence of old called Biceps Parnaflas Between thefe abun- dance of water falls after rain or fnow. Here is likcwife d plentiful fountain contiiuially if- fuing out from among the rocks, and luppofed to be the ancient Callalia, of which the Py- thian prophetefs and the poets, who pretended to iri{)-.iratioi), ufed to drink, and whither they commonly went to bathe themfclvcs. P,'.RO'C!-llAL, Adj. [parBcLlaih, Lat] belonging to a pariih. PA'RODY, S. [parcdk, Fr.] a kind of writing, wherein the words of an author are applied to another fiibjcct , genTi-liv applied to the turning fomething fcrious into biir- lefque. To PA'RODY', V. A. reapply the words of an author to a different fubjedt, generally in order to caufe pleafantry. PAROE'MIA, S. !7raj-i,'/;j.-, Gr.] a pro- verb. In rhetoric, a proverbial manner of fpeaking. FARO'LE, S. [Fr.] a word given by way of afiiirarce. A promife given by a prifoner to go away. PARONOMA'SI.A, .<5. [Cr.] in rhetoric, •a figure wherein word.'-' alike in found, but of a ditFerent fenfe, are alfe^edlv ufed. A pun. PAROMY'CHIA, i>. l-na^'.Mux^ci, G'"-] a prctcr- PAR PAR jiretci natural Avelling under t\.e root of tlic j)<iil ; a whitlow. l-A'ROQUHT, S. I p.T-re-:.Pt, pa-rcjtict, !>.] a fmall kind of panct. I'A'ROTID, Adj. iJivdl, fo n.jmed be- caiifL' near the cirs. I'A ROTIS, S. f^r.] a rumour in the "landiiles behind and about the cars. PA'ROXISr.I, S a I'evere Ht of a diftale in whicli it arow.i more violent and dangerous, PA'RRICIDE, S. [Fr. fjiridJa, Lat.j , one who deftroys * 'a'herj figuratively, one ■who invades his country, or one whom he ought particularly to rex'crence. The murder ot a faihcr, or one to whom reverence is due, from fnn'ui^iutn, Lat. rARRlCl'DlALJ'ARRICrDIOUS.Adj. relating to, or comniiti'nj; parricide. rA'RROT. [tiirrocjict, Fr.j a parti co- loured bird, of the ho^k-bill fpecies, remark- able for its imitatin;4 the human voice. To PA'RRY, V.N. [parcr, Fr.j to put ty thrufts in f^rcln;^. To PARSE, V. A. \ fan, Lat.] in gram- iTiuT, TO refolve a f^ntencc iBto its eiffcrent parts of fpeecln. PARSIMO'NIOUS, Adj [farfmcr.lus, L^t.l frugal. Spaiii g to excefs. PARSIM0N10'J.>LY, Adj. in a frugal, fparing, or covetous manner. PARSIMO'NlOL-SNtSS, S. adifpofition «f (paring or f>.ving PA'RSIMONV, S. Ifarjmonia, Lat.] the ^{l of faving monev. PA'RSLF.Y, s/[perfi,Bnt. fcrfd, Fr.] a herb, whofe leaves are divided i'lto uings, generally cut i'Uo fegments, and grov.ing on a braHched rib. PA'RSNiP, S. a root, of a light yellow colour. PA'R?ON, S. [derived either fram perjcna, Lat. becaufe he perfi>n:ites the parilTi, or from farccheanus, Lat. a parifh prieflj a clergyman; a parilh priclt ; or teacher. PA'RSONAGE, S. a benefice of a parilh priell'. PART, \pnrs, T.at.] fomcthing taken fro.m r.nd lei's than the whole ; a portion ; a Riinibcr. A Iharc, or concern. A lideor party- In the plural, tjUilitics, pov.-crs, or faculties. Ap plied to the mind, accomplillnnents. PART, Adj. partly; in fonie meafure. To PART, V. A. Ipartlo, Lat.] to divide. To feparatc. To keep ai]iinder. To quit each other. To take leave of. '1 o have a ihare. PA'RT.AELF, Adj. capable of having its. parts feparatcd. P.A'KTAGE, S [Fr.] diviHon ; the a<n cf ihaiing A v.ord merely trench. To P.ARTA'KR, V. N. [prct. I par'.uh. part, paffive, <)i7f-/<iytf«.] To fbare. To have Something of the property, nature, claim or right; to be a.imitftd to ; i:ot excluded : to conibinc, or enter into r. dtiign. Sometimes %vith iti before, the thing partaken of. PARTA'KER, S. a (Tiarer in anything. An accon->plir;e. P.^'RTK.-<, S. one tlut feparatcs or di- vide.;. PA'RTRRRE, S [Fr ] a level dividon cf ground ; a fiower-garden. ]*A'RTJAL, Adj. [Fr.] inclined to favour one fide more tlpjn another with reafon. F.AK.TiA'LITY, S. f/j-nW///, Fr.] the a^ of favouring < nc party more than another without jiiO rcdLn, 10 PARTJALIZE, V. A. to make a perfon unreafonably ta\our oik lide more than another, PARTIALLY, Adv. with unjuft ot un- rcafonable favour or dillike. PARTI Bl LITY, S. [iiom partibW] poC- fibility cf bfing divided. PA'RTIBLE, Adj. [irompart] pofl^ble to be divided <'r feparated. PARTI'CIPABLE, Adj. [ivom partklp^u] fucli ns m.iv be fliarcd among fcveral. PARTICIPANT, Adj. (.Fr.] fliaring; having a (1i ire or nait. To PARTJCIP'ATE, V. N. [pariicipi- tr/f, cf parr-cipw, Lat.] to enjoy in common w ith others. To have a part of more things than one ; to receive part or Ihare. PARTICI'^ATION, S. [Fr.] the ftate of iharing or enjoying fomething in com- mon with others. Dillriburion or divifion in fhaics PARTICrPIAL, Adj. [partuiphlh, Lat.] having the nature ot a participle. P.AKTICI'PIALLY, Adv. after the man- ner of a pr.rticiple. PA''RTiCIPLE, S. {partklplum, Lat.] a word which part..kes of the nature boih of a verb and an adje^ive, fignifying time and aftion like rhc verb, and being declined with cafes Pke an adjcc'tive. I''ARTJCLE, S, [particuj'e,YT.fartkula, L;'t.] any fmall pait or portion of a greater fubftancc. In grammar, a w':>rd unvaried with c.ifes, whereliy the mind fignifics the con- iiei^lions it gives to the ftvcral aflirmations and negitions, that it unites in one contmued leafoninq or negation, PARTICULAR, Adj. \p.^rtkuner,?r.'\ fingle or iclatiag to a fingle perfon. Any ihing peci liar to, or which diflinguifhcs a perfon or thing. PARTJ'C'JLAR, S, a fingle inaance or point. An individual or fmgile perfon. A minute detail oi things enumerated diflindly. Di'Hnc^ recital. PARTICULARITY, S. [particular] the cjuality which dillinq,uifhes a perfon or thing Irom others, fometimes including the idea of afit^fation. A diftindt notice of particular circum (lances. lo PARTl'Cl'LARIZE, V, N. [far- :::i!lanfer, Fr,J to mention diftinftly or mi- nutely, PARTI'CULARLY, Adr. difVInftly ; ringfy. PAS PAS fngly. Above all others; in aifi extraorJi ] To PASS, V. N. [fajfer, Fr. from /v/j', xuW'. manner or degree. | Fr. pi\j}'its, Lat. a Hep] to move from one PA'RT['^AN, S. \part':fdr, Fr.j a kind of flep to another. To make way thiough. To pike or hill.erd. One who belongs to a fac- make a tranfitioa from one thing to another ; tion ; a commander of a parry. | ufed withyVc:??.'. Tovanifh; to be lo(K To PARTITION, S. ( Vi-.fariiro, Lat.] the. be ena^ed. To cxitl ; to be effefted. To £(St of dividing ; the (hue of being di»iJed. | be fuprcmely excellent To omit. To be Separation^ divifion j dillinftion. A part j in a tolerable Hate. To be fpent or intervene, divided from the reft. That by which dliTc- i applied to time. To became current, apphccl rent parts or chumbers arc feparateJ. The | to money. In fencing, to thrult or m.ike a place or part where feparation is made. To PARTI'TION, V, A to divide into diflinft part.'!. PA'RTLET, S. a name gl'/en ro a hen. PA'RTLY, Adv. in part, in jbme mea- fiire or degree. PA'R J NER, one that partakes or enioys any thing in common with anotiier. One who is joined in trade with another. One who dances with another. piilh; in gaming, to refufe playing or takinj^ the lead. Ta fah aivay, to he loft, glide offer vanifh. To excel, ufed as a contrac- tion offurfafs. To tranfgrefs or go bejond any limits. To fend from one place to ano- ther, or to fend to his proper parilh. Topafs /•y, to decline punifhing, to excufe or for- give. To pafs over, to negle£t or difiegard. PASS, S. in war, a narrow entrance or de- file. A paflage or road. A permiflion to go PA'RTNERSHIP, S. joint inte-eft or or come any where. An order by which va- property. The union of two or more in the grants are fent to their proper pari(h. In fame trade. fencing, a pu(h or thrnft. P.^RTO'OK, prt-rerof/arw^f. PA'SS/iBLK, Adj. [Fr.] that which may PARTRIDGE, S. [/^r.'r/i Biit. /.«-(f/7;«r, be paffeJ or travelled 5 capable of being ad- Fr. /-f/v/.-.v, Lat.] a bird of game. 1 njittcd or received. Inditferent, tliou^h not; PARIURIENT, Adj. (/.o.'ot/c;:?, Lat.]|perfcfl:. " re^dy to bring forth PA RTURI'TIOxV, S. ^parturlo, Lat.] the ftate (>f being about lo briiig fortli PASSA'DO, S. [Ital.] in fencing, a pudi or thnift. PA'SSAGE,, [Fr.] the a£i or Rate of a PA'RTY, S. a number of perfons united! pcrfon travelling. A road. Liberty of going in one common defign. One of two advcr-l in or coming out. Fntrance or admillion to faries. An accomplice or one cor.eerned in 'the mind. An occurrence ; an unfettled flate; an afTiir. A particular pcrfon. In war, a an incident; management, conJu<f\. A fin- detachment of loldiers PARTY'COLOURED, Adj. hiving dif- ferent colour-. PA'RTY- JURY, S. a jury confullng of half foreigners and half natives. PARTY-MAN, S. a fa^ious perfon, or one joined in a faflion. PARTY- Wall, a wall that feparates one houL' from another. PA'RVIS, S. [Fr.J a church or church- porch ; applied to the meeti'igs in the inns of court, or to the difputations in Oxford, wJiere the ftudents aie placed oppofite each other. PA'RVITUDE, S. [par-vun, Lat.] the tjuility of being fmaJl or little. PA'RVITY, S. [par-mti, Lat ] littlencfs. P^S, S. [Fr.] precedence] right of going foremo!>. P.VSCHAL, Adj. \pafchal,Yv.pafcha!h, Lat] relating to the Paf!over or Eaiter. PASH, S. [pax, Span.] a kifs. To PASH, V. A. [perfn, Bclg.] to ftrike cr ciuth. PA'SQUE, S. a flower refcmbling an ane- rnony. PA'SQIJIL, PA'SQtTlN,PASQUINAD'E, f S. from pafquitio, a Itatae at Rome lo which they affix any fatyr or lampoon they would have puldickly known] a lampoon or writing in whicli a perfon is expofej to ridicule. gle lenience or para;;raph in a book. PA'iSED, pretcr and participle pafHve of pafs. PA'SSEMGER, S. a perfon who is travel- ling in any vehicle either by land or water. A traveller. PA'SSER, S, one that 15 upon the road, or goes by another. PASSI'EILITY, S. fpa/JILilife, Fr.] the quality of receiving imprefllons from exter- nal obje(rts. PA'SSIBLENESS, S. the quality of re- ceiving impr.-fTlons from exteinal o!)je(fts. PA'SSING, participle, fiipreme, or fur- paffing others. Exceedingly. PASSIMG-BELL, S. the bell which rings at the departure of a perfon. PA'SSION, S. [Fv.paJ/:o, Lat-l any effect caufed by an external agent. The receiving any adlion. A commotion of the foul arifing from the manner in which it confiders things as amiable or hateful. Anger, in a populous and vulgar fenfe. Zeal, or ardour, i.ove. Eager defire or fondnefs. In fciipture, ap- plied to the laft agoi\!es and fiilferings, which eiofed the life of our blelTcd Saviour. PA'SSION-FLOWER, S. a flower fo call- ed from an imaginary refemblance it bears to the Crown of thorns and otlier infirumcnts of the pafTion of cu' blclled Saviour. PA'SSLON-WEEK, S. the week imme- diately PAS <3iately preceding Eafter, fct apart by the C'hurch to meditate on the fufferings aftd cru- cifixion of our !)le(rcd saviour. Pa'SSIONATE, Adj. fpjjfjor.ne, Fr.] moved by, or exprefUve of, pjiuon. Fafily moved 1 1 anger. PA'SSIO ATELY, Adv. with great af- feftion, commotion of the miad, or anger. In an angry manner. P^'SSIVE, \d] \paJJif,Fr.paJJivus,L3t.] receiving imp'efTions ; fiiffering, oppofed to active j unrtriiting. In grammar, applied to fuch verbs as ligiiify pallion or the effeft of fome ii'tion. PA'SSIV LY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to make no refiflance. P,\SSIVENESS. S. the quality of bear- ing or fufT-ring without refiftance. PASSI'VITY, S. [p:^j;-vitas, Lat.] the ftate of being infcnf;i>le. P.VSSOVER, S. a feaft inftituted among thf fews in commemoration of the fljughter of the fi fl-t>orn of the Egyptians, when the Anvtl faffed over the liouf^s of the Ifraelites. The fjcrifice killed at the feaft of tlie pallbver. PA'SSPORT, S. [Fr.] a pcrmirlion to pafs. PAST, fparc. preter of pan, fas, fijl, 'PetCpuJia, RudiJ fomething which has been. Spent or expired. ' PAST, Prep, beyond, applied to time or place J cut of the reach of, applied to llatc. Above, applied to meafure. PASTE, S. [faji:] any thing mixed (o as to be moift and vifcous ; flour and water boil- ed together, fo as to form a cement. An ai-cifi- cial mixture madeto reprefent pieciousftones. To PASTE, V. A. to faften with parte. PA'S FEBOARD, S. a thick paper form- ed either of feveral fhcets palled together, by papL-r macerated in water and Cii\. in moulds, oriiy old cordage pounded and cart into forms. Adjc(fl:ively, any thing made of pallcboard. PA'STEL, S. an herb. PA'STERN, S. [pafiuron, Fr. irom pas, Fr. a rtep ; fiadah, Perf. the feet] the knee cf a horfe. P.VSTIL, S. {paJiiHe, Fr. o£ fiaJiUlus, Lat.] a crayon for painting; a compofition ©f perfumes ; alfo a roll of parte. PA'STI.ME, S. Ipajhemps, Fr.] a fport, diverfion, or amufement. PA'STOR, PA'STOUR, S. {p^JIcr, Lat. fi-Jicur, Fr.J a ihephcrd. Figuratively, a cler- gyman. P.A'STORAL, Adj. [Yr.fuprcns, Lat.] nira! ; rcfembling Ihephcrds. Figuratively, relating t<i a clergyman, or the care of fouls. PA'STORAL, S. a ptoem which contains feme fccne in the country, and in whofe per- fonagei are pcs-ple that live in thofc parts. P.^'STRY, ^W [pajliferi, Fr.] the art of making pics. Pies, or baked f arte. The pl.xes where p.-llry is made. P-^'STRY-COOK. S. a perfon whofe trade is tc nK-.ke and fell pies or rutts. t PAT PA'STURABLE, Adj. fit for pafture. PA'S rUR AGE, S. [Fr] the bufmef' of 'feeding cattie ; lands grazed by cattle j the ufa of parture. P.A'STURE, S. [Fr. pajfus, Lat.] food, or thead of feeding. Ground on which grafs grows and cattle arc fed. To PA'STURE, V. A. to place in a paf- ture. Neuterly, to graze on the ground. P.A'STY, S. ffaj}}, Fr.] a pie made of raifed cruft without a difh. PAT, Adj. {pas, Belg. ] fit, proper, or ex- a.flly fuitable, applied either to tims or place. A low word. PAT, S. [fat, Brk.paJ, Tol. a blow.] A light quick blow, or tap. A fmall lump of matter beat into fhape with the han.i. To PAT, V. A. to ftrike flightly; to give a flight blow or tap PATACO'OL, S. fSpan.] a Spanilh coiii worth 4s. and 8d. Englifh. To PATCH, V. A. Ipudzn; ^dg.}pez- z.are, Ital.] to cover by Tewing on a piece. To mend in a clumfy manner. To make up with fhreds of different forts. PATCH, S. [fez.'s.'i, Ital.] a piece fewed on to cover a hole. A piece laid in, in mo- fdic work, or in work confirting of pieces of different colours. A fmall piece of black fllk worn liy ladies on their f.ices as an ornament. A fniali particle. A parcel of land. A pal- try perfon, fuppofed to be a patch in the cre- ation. " Thou fcurvy/<ii/ri)." Skak. The lafl fenfe is obfolete. PA'rCHER, S. one that patches ; a bot- cher. PA'TCH-WORK, S. work made of dif- ferent colours. PATE, S. \JxoTn.tete, Fr. by corruption ; or from patina. Lat. a pan, in which fenfe we call the fkull the brain-pan^ the head. P.'l'TED, Adj. headed ; ufcd in compofi- tion, as long-pated, PATEFA'CTION, S. [patefaHio, Lat.] aiftor ftate of opening. PA'TEN, S. [patina, Lat.] a plate. «' Pa- tens of bright gold." 5^.:.^. PA'TENT, S. [Fr. patens, Lat.] a writ by which a perfon enjoys a right or privilege exclufive of others. PA'TENT, Adj. containing a patent, or exclufive privilege. Any thing appropriated by letters patent. PATENTEE', S. the perfon who has a letter patent. PA'TER-NOSTER, S. [Lat. our f.ither] the Lord's pr.^ycr, or religious cciemonies. PATE'RN'aL, Adj. \pdt.ynd, Fr. fatcr- PUS, Lat.] having the relation or affeiflion of a father. Received by defcent fiom one's father. PaTE'RNITY, S. [/.(j.Yr.vf.-/, Fr.] the re- lation of a father. PATH, S. [pa'fj, paat, Sax. put, Rnff. puuty Dalii). pad, pat, Be!g J u ioad ufu.dly travchci PAT travelled on foot. A track worn by fie<^uent walkino. A track or pafiage. P A THE'TIC, PATHE' i IC A L, Adj. [/>«- tbetiqtie, Fr] affeifling the padions ; afTcdion,- PATHE'TICALLY, Adv. in fiich a man- ner as to afFefl the puffions. PATHE'TICALNESS, S. the quality of afTeifting the paflions. PA'THICKS, S. [from w&iTv, G] Sodo- mites, or thofe who futler themfclves to be abiifed by men contrary to nature. PATHLESS, Adj. untrodden. Without tracks or paths. PATHOGNOMONI'CK, Adj. [Traeo?, and jva^iwenxoc, Gr.] fuch figns of a difeafe as are proper and infeperahle, deligning the real edence or nature of the difeafc ; not fympto- matic. PATHOLOGICAL, Adj. relatin;^ to the tokens or difcoverable efft^ls of a diforder. PA'THOLOGIST, S. one who treats of pathology. PA'THOLOGY, S. fof TraSo?, and \iyoi, Gr.j is that part of medicine, which relates to the diftempers, with their caufes, diffe- rences, and effe<fts, incident to the human body. PATHOPOE'IA, [irs.BoTroua, Gr.] the rifmg of a paflion. In rhetoric, a method by which the mind is excited to anger, hatred, compuflion, i^c. PA'THWAY, S. a narrow way to be paf- fcd on foot. PA'TIBLE, Adj. [{vomfatkr, Lat.J to- lerable ; fufferable. PA'TIBULARY, S. [patibulaire, Fr.] be- longing to the gallows. PA' i lENCE, S. I Fr fntientia, Lai.] the guardian faint. P A U PATRL&'RCHY, S. the jurlfdiaion of a patriarch. PATRI'CIAN, Adj. [patncien, Tv. patrl- cius, Lat.] noble, oppofed to common. PATRl'CIAN, S. a nobleman. PATRIMO'NIAL, Adj. [Fr.] polTeffed by inheritance. PA'TRIMONY, S. [patrlmoirwm, Lat.] an ellate poirefled by inheritance. PA'TRIOT, S. one that makes the good of his country the confta.it niotive of his ac- tions or meafurcs. PA'TRIOTISM, S. a conflant and unbi- affed love for one's country. ToPATRQ'ClNATE, V. A. [patncitjcr, Lat.] to defend or protect ; to patronize. PATROCINATION, S. defending, or prote(fting ; maintaining any one's caufe. PA'IRO'L, S. [patroul/k,p.:;o!iUJr;'o\dFv.} the a<ft of going the rounds in a garrifon to obferve that the centinels perform their duty. The pcrfons who go the rounds in a garrifon or carnp. To PATRO'L, V. A. to go the rounds in a camp or garrifon. PA'TRON, S. [Fr. patrorrn, Lat,] bn« who countenances, fupports, or protc£ls, ge- nerally apolied to one who encourages an au- thor. A ^^uardian faint. An advocate or de- fender. One who has the gift of an ecclefi- t aflical benefice, PA'IRONAGE, S. [from patron] pro- te£lion ; fupporc ; gr.ardisnfhip of faints. ' - PA.JRO'NAL, Adj. [from putror.i,s, Lat.J guarding; fupporting ^ defending. PA'TRONESS, S. a female «ho dsfends, protcds, encourages or fupports ; a female virtue of bearing injures or affronts without revenge, mifery without complaint, and tor- tures without outcry. PA'TIENT, Adj. [Fr. pi7tkns, Lat.] en- during pain without complaint, or injuries and affronts without revenge. PA'TIENT, S. that which receives im- prellions from external obje(fts. A perfon who is vifited by a phyfician, apothecary, or furgeon. PA'TIENTLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to return no railing to reproaches, no re- venge to affronts, and no complaints amidft pains, diftrefs, ortorinies. PA'TIN, S. [pati!:a, Lat.] the cover of a chalice. PA'TLY, Adv. in a convenient and op portune manner. PATRIARCH, S. [patriarebe, Fr. pa triarcha, Lat.] one who gover.is by right of pnteinity. A father and ruler of a family. A bi(hop, fupcrior to arclibilhoos. PATRIAR'CHAL, Adj. [Fr,] belonging to, or enjoyed by, patriarchs. PATRIA'RCHATK, . PATRIA'RCH- SHIP, S. [patiiarcLat, Fr.j the oSce or dignity of a patriarch. I To PA'TRONISE, V, A. to encourage, proteifl;, or fupporl. PATRONYMIC, Adj. [patrony,m<jiie, Fr. TraJcEvy^fKOf, Gr.] a name given to a perfbr* e.xpreffiiig that of his father ; as 'TyJidcs, ap- plied to the fon of 1 ydeus. PA'TTEN, S. applied to a pillar, its bafe. A wooden fhoe with an iron ring at its bot- tom, worn under a common (hoe by wo- men, to keep them out of the dirt and wet. To PA'TTER, V. N. [patte, Fr. a foot, or from the found] to make a noife like tlie 4uick fteps of many feet, or that of falling hail. PATTERN, S. [Tr.pmroortyBdg.'] an original propofed to be imitated or copied. A fptcimen or part fliown as a fample of the reft. An inflance. Any tisirg cut out in paper for a model. lo PATTERN, V. A. \ fatrcmer, Fr.]' to copy ; to make an imitation of fomethlng j to ferve as an example to be fullowed. PAU'CILOCHJY, S. [pauriio^uium, Lat.] fpeaking little ; fparing in fpcech. PAU'CITY, S. [paucltas, from paucusy Lat, 2 few] fcwnefs or fmallnefs of number or quantity. T» PEA To PAVE, V. A. [pa-ver, Fr. pa-vk, tat.] to lay or floor with brick or il(»ne. Fi- guratively, to make way for, or nuke a paf- iagc cafy. PA VdLMrNT, S. a flone floor; (lones or bricks laid for a floor. PA'VER, PA'VIER} S. one who lays a road with ftoncs. PAV I'LION, S. Ipa-jlUon, Fr ] s tent. To PAVI'LION, V. A. to furnifli with tents. To be fheltered bv a tent. PAUNCH, S. [panfe, Fr. pa>i:a. Span. farttex, Lat.] the belly, or region of tlie guts. To PAUNCH, V. A. to np up the belly, er take out the entrails. PAU'PER, S. [Lat. genitive, parpen:, lat.] in Law, a poor man. PAUSE, S. [Fr.J a (lop or ceiTation fiom a£\ion or motion. A break or fepaiation be- tween the words of a Jifcouife. A (top or interccflion in mufic To PAUSE, V. N. to fiop or ceafe from aflion for a time. To deliberate. PAW, S. [paiveii, Prit. pas, pa'tt-, Fr fa, pas, pah, Peif. ] the fore foot ot' h beafl. Figuratively, and in contempt, the hand of a human creature. To PAW, V. N, to draw the fore-foot along the ground. To (hoke with the fore- foot. Figuratively, to handle roughly. 'i"o fawn or flatter. Pa' WED, Adj. having paws. Broad- footed. PAWN, S. \pant!, Belg. pan, Fr. pay- andartj, Perf.] fomething given as a fccurity foP money borrowed. The ftate of being a pledge. A common man ;.t chefs To PAWN, V. .A. to give any thing as a fccurity for money lent. PA'WNBROKER, S. one that knds mo- ney upon goods. To P.AY, V. A. [pii'iW, Fr. apagcr, "^pan. paco, Lat.] to difcharge a debt. To rccom- pence. To give the worth in money for any thing bought. To atone ; to make amends by fuffering. To beat. PAY, S. wages or money given for fcr- vice. PA'YABLK, Adj. \palhk, Fr.] due or to be paid. Polfible to be paid. PA'Y-DAY, S. the day on which debts are difcharged or wages are paid. PA'YMASTER, S. one who is to pay; one from whom wages or money for goods fold if to be received. PA'YMENT, S. Llie a£l of a dif.harging a debt or promifes. To PAYSE, V. N. [ufcd !)y Spencer for poife'\ to balance. "PAYSER, S. [for pc\fn■^ one that weiajis. PEA, S. [pifum, Lat. pifa, Sax. pois, Fr.j a roundifl) feed growing in a pod. TEACE, S. [paix, Fr. pax, Lat.] a flate wherein nations are in friend.Hiip wiiii each other. A refpite from war. Reft from any PEA coriimotion or dillurbance. Silence. Reconciliation. PEACi^, Interjed. a word commanding filence. PE A'CE- O PEER IN G, S. among 1 Iv; Jew.s, a facrifice offered for atonement, and to make reconciliation for a crime. PEa'CEAL<LE, Adj. fiee from war, tu- mult, or diflurbance. Not inclined to be i^uarrelfonic or turbulent. PEA'CEABLENESS, S the quality of being .iiiiet, or difpofed to peace. PEA'CEABLY, Adv. without war, tumult, or diduilance. PE'ACEFUL, Adj. quiet. Inclined to peace. Mild. Undinurhed.' PE'ACEFCLLY, A^v. without diflurb- ance. In a mild or gentle manner. PE'ACb FULNESS, S. quiet freedom from noife or diflurbance. PE'ACP:-MAKER, S. one who reconciles perfons at variance. PE'ACE-PARTED, Adj. departed from this world in peace. PLACH, S \ pefcle, Fr. malum ptrjicum, Lat.] a roundifh flefhy fruit, covered with a downy coat, inclofing a rough or rugged flone. To PEACH, V. A. [corrupted fri^m ;»;- pcach\ to accufe a perfon as an accomplice in a crime. PE'ACHICK, S. the chicken or young of a peacock. I PE'ACOCK, S. {pcva. Sax. pa'v,, Lat.] a fowl remarkable for the beauty of its fea- thers, and efpeciaily tb.ofe of its flarry fail. PE'AHEM, S. the female of the peacock. PEAK, S. [pcdc. Sax. pic, pique, Fr.] the top of a hill or eminence. Any tiling hav- ing a fliarp end or point. The riling or pro- je£iing part of a head-dref» or cap. To PEAK, V. N. Ipequeno, Span, littlej to look fickly, meagre, or fneaking. PE.-^L, S. [gdkre tympana, Lat.] a fnc* ccfli'in of loud founds, (uch as the reports of a cannon, or the ringing of bells. To PEAL, V. A. to ring a peal. TopLy fjlemnly and loud. f'EAK, S. [poire, Tr. pyrum, Lat.l a flefhy fruit more pointed towards the foot-flalk than the apple, and hollowed at the extremity like a navel. PEARL, S. [perk, Fr. prrla. Span, fup- pofed to come from fpberuUi] a kind of gem found in Indian herbs or oyf^ers, whofe va- iue increafes in proportion to its rcundnefs and r:ze. In iVfedicinc, around fpeck or film growing on the eye. PE'.'^.RLEU, Adj. [£iom pecrl'\ ornament- ed or fct with pearls. PEARL ■ GR.ASS, PEARL - PLANT, PEARL- WORT, S. 4 plant. FE'ARLY, Adj. abounding with, or con- taining pearls. Refemljling pearls. PE'ARMATN, S. a kind ofr.pple. PE'ASANT, S. [palunt, Fr.J one who WOl ki *' PEC PEE the cod or j PECU'NIARY, Adv. {pecunanus^ from ruflics, or country |/^^f//«M, Lat. meney] relating to, confiftin^ of, money. PED, S. [fee Pad] a fmall pack-faddle, much lefs th^n a pannel. A hamper. A bafket. PI 'DAGOGUE, S. [from ,r«i?, Gr. a boy, and ayco, Gr. to lead] one that teaches boys. To PE'DAGOGUE, V. A. to inflruft in a haughty manner. PE'DAGOGY, S. \naiUtyi>yit, Gr.] the inftrudtion ; the mafterfhip; difcipline. PE'DAL, Adj. {pcdalis, Lat.J belonging to a foot. PE'DALS, S. [pedaks, Fr. pcdalh, Lat.] the larjic pipes of an organ, To called, becaufc played on by the foot Pt.DA'Ni.OUS, Adj. [ped.:neu$, Lat.] coine; on foot. " I'F/D;^_NT, S. [Fr.] a fchooimafler. A perfon vain and oftcntatious of his learning. PE'-iA'N ric, PEDA'NTICAL, Adj. vainly oflentations of learning. PEDA'NTfCALLY, Adv. with aukward and vain oftentation of learning. PE'DA\'TRY, S. vain and auk vard often- tation oflenrning. To PE'()DLE, V. N. [commonly written piddle] to be biify about trifles. PEDERE'RO, S. [pedrero, Span.] afmalt cannon, managed by afwivel. It is frequent- ly written paterero. PE'DESTAL, .S. \pkdjla}, Fr.] the lower end ofa pillr.r, or balis of a (iatue.' PE'DICLE, S. [pcdicule, Fr. pedh, Lat.] in b.'tany, thj foot-flalk, or (talk by which a leaf or fruit is fixed to a tre-. PEDI'CULAR, Adj. [pcdh-ularis, Lat.] "laving the phthyriafjs, or loufy diftemper. PE'DIGREt, S. [from pere A\^didegrc, Fr. by Skinnerl account of defcerlt. PE'DIMENT, S. [pes,prdh, Lat.] in ar- chitefliire, alow pinnacle, ufiially in the form of a triangle, ufcd to crown an ordinance, '•Ah a frontifpiece, and placed over gates, doors, windows, &c. PE'DLER, S. [a contra<rtion from a petty-dealer'] one who travels the country with f.Tiall commodities. PE'DLERY, S. wares fold bypedlers. PE'DDLING, Adj. petty-dealing. PE'DOBAPTISM, S. [TraiJcj, and B^n- litry.a, Gr.] infant bnptifm. PE'DOBAPTIST, .S. [vaih;, and Bav- l^ix;, Gr.J one that holds or pradlifes infant baprifm. To PEEL, V. A. fpekr, Fr. from peHii, Lat. a fliin] to take ofT the j^eel or flvin from fruit. To flay. To plunder, from pUkr, Fr. to rob, PEEL, S. \pelure, Fr. pellh, Lat.J the i.liin or thin riiid. A broad thin board with a long iiandle, ufed by bakers to draw their bread, or to put i'. into the oven, from/><t.'//(',Fr. Z z T» >^'prks at hufbanJry. PEASANTRY, S. people. PE'ASCOD, PE'ASHEL, S (hell in which peafe grow. PEASE, S. [poh, Fr. when mentioned as a fingle body or grnin we ufe pea, whofe plural is peas \ but ufed colleftively for food, a? a fpecies, we ufe peafe, from peajon. Sax. p\fo, Ital. p'lfum, Lat.] food of peas. PEAT, S. a kind of turf ufed for fire. PE'BBLE, PE'B3LE-ST0NE, S a ftone growing in one homogeneous mufs. Popular-.. ly, a fmall flone, PE'BBLED, Adj. abounding with peb- bles. PECCABI'LITY, S. [from peccabk] the ftate of being fubjetft to fin. PE'CCABLE, Adj. [paco, Lat.] fubjeft to fin. PECCADI'LLO, S. [Sv^n. peccadilkfYv.] a flight fault, crime, or offence. PE'CCANCY, S. [peccans, Lat.] a bad quality. PE'CCANT, .Adi. \peccans, Lat.] guilty. Criminal. In Medicine, injurious to health. In Law, wrong, or contrary to form. P'XK, S. [pocca. Sax. poke, Ifl. a bag] the fourth part of a hufhel. To PECK, V.A.[pecquer, Yr.pkken, Pelg.] to ftrike with the beak 5 to pick up with the beak ; to (hike with any pointed inftrument; to quarrel and endeavour to expofe, ufed with at. PE'CKER, S. one that peclss. A kind of bird, cilKd likewife a wood-pecker. PE'CKLED, Adj. [corrupted ivom fpechkd] fpotted; varied with fpots. PE'CTIN.AL, Adj. [pefleti, Lat. a comb] made like a comb. PE'CTINATED, Adj. inferted into one another, in the fame manner as combs are by their teeth. PECTINA'TIOX, S. the ftate of being pe(ninated. PF/CTORAL, Adj. [penoraih, Lat.] bc- lon;:ing to the bread. PE'CTORAL, S. [Fr. pcnorale, Lat.] a hreafli-plate. PE'CULATE, PECULA'TION, S. [pc- ctdat, Fr. peaddtus, Lat.] robbery of the pui)lic money. PECULA'TOR, S. [Lat.] robber of the public. PE. U'LTAR, Adj. {pea,narh, Lat.] be longing to one, exclufive of others. Parti- cular. PECU'LIAR, S. an exclufive propcty. Soniething exempted from the ordinary juiif- diftion. PECULTA'RITY, S. the quality which diftinguilhes one perfon or thing from ano- ther. PECU'LIARLY common to others. P E K PEL To PEEP, V. N; [Skinner derives tliis] is computed at t«-o millions. The principal word from oftr^'n, Belt;, to lift up. Caufa- (Ireets are £2o feet broad, and three miles bon, from c-TriTesilKp, Gr.] to make the firil] long. The gates are nine, and cf marble ; appearance ; to look thiough a crevice or hole iHly, fo as not to be peictived ; to look cloltly and cnrioufty. PEF.P, S, the firll ^pp^arance; a fly look through a crevice or hole. PEu'P-HOLE, P£E'PING-HOLE, S. a hole til rough vUiich a peifon may fee without beiii;; leen. PE-R, S. lpiiir,Vr.] one of the f^me rank, or equal in excclk-nce or endowments ; a nohlemaii ; a champion, or fellow. lo PEER, V. N. fcontr;£tedfrom appear] to come juft in fight ; to look narrowly into. ■ PEER.AGE, S. [;a;r/V, Fr.] the dignity of a nol)Icman or peer 5 the body of peers. pK'ERcSS, S. a fcmak of quality. PEERLESS, Adj. without an equ.:l. PE'ERLESSNESS, S. tlie (late of being T3nequ.il'cd. I'E'EVISH, Adj. [fuppofed by Junius to be corrupted from pei-ijcife ; biu by Skinner derived from iceijh, in the fame manner as \vc hy iia''p':/b] eafily ofitnucd or made an- gry. Offended at triflt?. PE'EVISHLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to be carrlv made angry. . rE'i.VI.>HNESS, S. the quality of bcin£ eafily made angry er uneafy. PEG, S. [f>e^!Thc, Tent ] a picre of wood driven into a hole inftcad of a nail ; the pins of a niuficul mrtrumcnt by which its (1 rings are ftrained. To uki a peghucr, llgnifies co dcpref', or fink. To PEG, V. A. to idiUn v\lth a pointed piece of wood, PE'KING, the principal province of all China, and on the moll northern vergrof the cnjplre, bein;; hounded on tlist fide by the great wall wl ifh pints it from Tartary. I' has the province of Honan o>. the S. Xanf; on the \V. the bay or gulph of Vanghai, or the Yellow Sea on the E. It extends from being very high, and inclollng a large court with four ftout walls, over which are (lately caltks, both on the city and the country fide. All the ftrects are equally crcuded from the vafl concourfe of people that refort to the coui t, and the prodigious quantity of provifions o£ all furts, belldcs merchandife, that are pouring in from morning tonight; and to thismaylie added the great Itr.te which theCliiticfe in ge- neral affecft. The emperor's palace, with the gardens, lies in the middle of the Tartar city, being a magnificent llrucfture two miles long, and fronting the S. as all public buildings in this coi^ntry do, and about a mile broad I his- palace is fvinou;>ded with two Itout walls, the outer of a prodigious height and thieknefs. Here are no coaches, but people are cr.iried on horlcback, or in chairs ; and even traJef- men ride in their chaifes, both for- expedition and avoiding the dirt in the (Greets, which lenders them as inconvenient in winter af the dufl does in fummcr. The filks and China ware of various kinds, which are expofed tO' fale in the (hops before the trades-people's houfcs, from one end of the flrects to the otli-r, make a very grand and beautiful ap- pe.u'ance. In their houfes they ufe (loves «ith charcoal in cold weather, having no chimneys in them. But what is mort fur- piifing in this va(t metropolis, is the incre- dlbleplenty and cheap nefs of all forts of goods. It ftands in a line, I'pacious, but fandy plain, near th.efootof the mountains, and has a nu- meroiis garrifon as well in the time of peace, as war, bcfidxs the (Irong guard which is kept about the imptriil palace. Lat. 40 deg. 15. min. N. long. 1 1 1 deg. 10 min. E. PELF, S. [paife, Norman,, frippery, (c'fci., Sax. abundance of richesj money or: riches. PE'LIC.\N, S. \pingan, Fr. pelkanus, Lat.] a bird, of which one fpecies lives upon fifli, and the other on ferpents and reptiles ; Jat. 3s to 41 deg. N. Peking is fubdivided i its tendernefs for its young is remarkable into cipht fmaller provinces, each of which 'even to a proverb. has a capiial from which it is denominated. I PE'LLET, S. [pehte, Fr. fU.i, Lat.] a The capital of the v. hole empire of China u 1 little ball j a bullet or ball ; a charge made Peking, and it has been the impeiial feat for ■ of chewed paper, *hich is Ihot out of a pop- betier than 300 years; but bttoie the xra. of gun. -V ... a VT...I.:..,. „.,:.,..4 .k,» PE'LLETED, Adj. confiding of balls or bullets. the Tartar conqueft, Nanking enjoyed that privilege. It lies about fix miles S. of the famous Chinefe wall, which feparates China from T?.rtai-y, and has a communication, by means of the eartern fca and a large canal, with fomeof the moll confiderable provinces in tiic empire, lying zoo miles W, of the Gang fed, a bay of the great Ealtern ocean. The^ waits of this city are about forty feet hif h, and liankcd with towers ; the circuit is about twenty miles. It confids ©f two large cities-, naiiiiriy the Tartarian and theChinele, ment roll called pcuis acce^tsrunt, kclides fuburus, 'I he niunbcr of inhibitaius receipts. PE'LLICLE, S. [pellkula, a diminutive of pil'iii, Lat.] a thin ikin 5 a thin film which. gathers upon liquors. PE'LLETORY, S. an herb, PE'LL-TvIELL, Adv. [pep Kefli, Fr.] confufedly ; in a coofufed manner. PELLS, S, [peUh, Lat.j Cleik of the Fells, an officer belonging to the Exchequer, who enters every tellers bill into a parch- the rail of PEL- P E.M ^ELLU'CTD, Adj. [pelhcidin, Lat.] clear from dregs j to be lien ih.iouch. PELLUCI'DITY, PELLIJ'CIDNESS, S. the quality of a body wliicli renders it fit to be feen through, and free from dregs. PELT, S. \pcHis, Lat.J a (kin or hide; the quarry of an hawk torn. To PELT, V. A. [from poltcrv. Tout, ac- cording to Skinner, but according to Mr. Lye contraOed ivom pclkt\ to (Irike by throwing j to throw at. PELT. MONGER, S. [pelt an-tl monger'] one who deals irt raw hides. PE'LTING, Adj. u.^ed by Shakefpear- to lignify mean or paltry. ' PE'LVIS, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the lower ))art of the belly. PE'M BR OK E, S. the capital town of Pem- brokcfliire in S. Wales, with a market on Saturdays, and four fairs, on May 14, Tri- nity Monday, Ji:ly 10, and September 25, for cattle, horfes, (heep, and cloth. It is commodioufly feated on the innermod creek of Milford Haven, over which there are t'.vo handfome bridges. It is a place of good ac- count, and is inhabited by fubltantial people. It is furrounded with a wall witli three gates, and has a ftrongcalUe, feated on a rock. It is a corporation, with well-built houfcS; two churches, and the title of an earldom, lending one member to pai liament. It is 10 miles S. E. of Haverford Well, and 214! V/. by N. of London. Long. 12 tJ^g- 35 min. lat. 51 deg. 4qmin. PE'MBROKESHIRt;, S. a county of S. Wales, 37 miles in length, 18 in breadth, and is furrounded on all lides by the fea, ex- cept on the jr. where it is bounded by Car- marthenlhire and Cardiganlhire. It contains 4320 houfes, 25920 inhabitants, I45paririies, five market towns, and i6 calHes, befides blockhoufes. It fends three members to par- liament, one for the county, one for Pem- broke, and another for Haverfbrd-Weft. The principal rivers are the lien, the Guala, the Gwin, and the Nevem, befides feveral others of icls note. The hills are barren, but the foil in the valleys and bottoms near tlie fea arc exceeding fertile : however, un many of the mountiins, there are Iheep, goats, and cattle. PEN, S. f peuna, Lat.] an inftrument made of a quill, fplit to a certain height, and cut in a peculiar fliape, ufed in writing j a quill or feather j a fmall inclofure, or coop, from pir.na7T, Sax. To PEN, V. A. [penvan. Sax.] to coop or Ihut up in a fmall inclofure } to write. PE'NAL, Adj. [Fr. parna, Lat.j denounc- ing or exadlinp punilhment. PE'NALTY, PENA'LITY, S. [penalitc, Fr.] punilhment; a forfeiture. PENCE, the plural of />fKnji, formed by crntraiflion fcom pennies. PE'NCIL, S. ycnciL':,;?:, Lnt.] a fmall PEN j brufh of hairs ufc-d by painters; a kind of pen made <>( bl.tck lead ; any inftrument ufed ia Writing without ink. To FE'NCIL, V. A. to paint. PE'NDANT, S. [Fr.J a je.vcl hanging loofcfiom the ear J any thing fufoended by way of orn.Tment. PE'NOENCE, S. flopencfs. PE'NDENCY, S. a (late of fiifpcnce, or delay in a i'uit. I'E'NDENT, Adj. [pendens, Fr. wrote by fome pendant, from the French] hanging j jetting over ; fupported above <iround. PENDING, Adj. [fcndcnu. Fr.] during a fuit thjt is not determined. I'ENDULO'SI TY, PE'NDIT^OUSNESS, S. the ftdte or" hanging j fufpenfion. PE'NDULOUS, Adj. \pendulus, Lat J hanging, PE'NDULU.M, S. [p.ndu!', Fr. penduhs, Lat.] any weight hung to as it may be cafily fwune; backwards and forwards. PE'NETRABLE, Adj. [Fr. penctra'Hh, Lat. ] fuch as may be pierced ; fuch as may admit or be affedted by moral and intcllcdua"! motives. PENETRABI'LirY, S. the quality of being capable to be pierced, applied to body ; the quality of being afre<fted by motives, ap- plied to the mind. PE'NETRAIL, S. [ptr.ctyana^ Let.] Inte- rior parts. PE'NETRANCY, S. {penetrant, Fr.] the power to pierce ; fharp, or fubtie. To PE'NETRATE, V. A. [per.cratus, Lat. oi penetro. Lat.] to pierce or enter be- yond the furface ; to affia the mind ; to reach the meaning. Ncuterly, to make way. PENETRATION, S. [Fr.] the art of piercing or entciing into a body. Entrance or comprehenfion of any difficulty, applied to the undcrflandiiig ; acutenefs, or fagacity. PE'NERTATIVE, Adj. piercing, n,arp, fubtie, acute, ordifcerning j having the pow- er to aftft the mind. PE'NGyiN, S. \a;:fer m-i^ellamcus, Lat.] a bird, which, though no higher thjn a goofe, yet oftentimes weighs (ixtetn pounds ^ a fruit in I he Weft-Indies of a (harp acid flavour. PENI NSULA, S. [ffom'pene, Fr. almoft, and inula, Lat. an ilUndJ ;: piece of land furrounded by water, excepting in one part, by which it is joined to the continent. FENI'NSULATED, Adj. almoft fur- rounded wirli \^ater. PE'NITENCE S. [Fr. penilentin, Lat.] forrow forfjn, at'cnded with amendment of life, and change of the atTeclions. PE'NIfENT, Adj. [Fr. tcf:itfns, Lat.] forrowful for paft lins,and refulutcly bent on amending life. PE'NITENT, S. one forrowful for part tranf].nefnons, and refoiute tu abUain from them for the future. Z-2 i PE'N- PEN PEN PF.NITE'NTIAL, Adj. cxprefTing forrow j habitcJ by upwards of 250,000 penple of dif- fer part fills. Admitted to penance PEN'I rfNTIAR-Y, S. one who piofcribes the rules and meafures of penance. One who does penance. The place where penance is enjoined. PE'NITENTLY, Adv, with repentance or forro*'^' for fin, and amendment of life. PE'NKNIFE, S. a knife ufed in making pens. PE'NMAN, S. one who profefles the art of wvitine- An author or writer. PE'NNACHRD, Adj. { p^nTiJche, Fr.] in botany, spplicd to flowers, the groiinrt of whofe leaves are naturally radiated and diver- fified without confufion, PE'NNANCF, S. [ f>c!iet:ce„o\d Fr.] in- fliflion «r mortification eitherpublic or private, fufftieJ as an expreflion of repentance for fin. PE'NNANT, S. [pennon, Fr.] an cnfign, colvUirs, or fmall flag. A rope for hoiiling things on board. PE'NNATED, S. [feanat'/s, Lat.] wing- ed ; in botany, applied to thofe leaves which grow exadly'oppofitc to each other, on the fume ftalk. PE'NMILESS, Adj. without money PE'NNY, S. [plural peine, fiom fcnig, Sax. fer.riinck, Teut. ptm'.irg, Dan. per.ning, Swed.] a fmall coin in value four farthings, or the tweh'th part of a fhilling, fercnt religions, nations, and languages; and amon;:; thefe are numbers of Germans, Dutcli, Swedes, French refugees, &c. who yet live together in great harmony : and this has alfo its due influence on the rude Indians In tins country there are trees, c.ittle, and grain of all forts. Its trade, with refpeft to Europe and America, confitts in hoifes, pipe- flaves, falc pork, beef, and filh. They im- port in return from theCaribl)ee iflands, rum, fugar, mobiles, fait, and wine; from Great- Britain, houlhold-goods, cloathing, hard- ware, tools, and toy;. If within fi'/e j'ears after any law has paded in this province, the time limited for deliver- ing a tranfcii.t of it, his M:)jcfly does not repeal it in fix months from the delivery of fuch tranfciipt, the crown cannot do it after- wards. Penfylvania is fubdivided into fix counties, namely, three upper and three lower. The upper are, Buckingham, Philadelphia, and Chefter ; thefe being the Penfylvania, fo call- ed in king Charles Il's grant. The three lower counties are, Newcaftle, Kent, and Suffex, the lafl of thefe being in fome maps called ElTex. The upper counties end at Marcus-hook, four miles below Chefler-town. The lower run along the coalt near ic: miles. The river PE'NNYP.OYAL, S. an herb of a fra- Delaware, both above and below the falls for grant fmell, ufsd in medicine PE'NNY-WEIGHT, S. a wsight con- taining 24 grains in troy weight. PE'N'NY WISE, Adj. faving fmall fums at the hazard of grc.iter. PE'NNY WORTH, S. as much as can be bou»ht for a penny. A puichafe. Something tcuglit for lefs than it is worth. A fmall quantity. PENSYLVA'MTA, one of the Britifli ca lonies in North America, fo denominated from the proprietary Mr. Penn, who was of the people called^Qiiakers, of which fed there is here a majority. It lies between I.it. 39 and 42 deg. N. and between long. 4- and 4S deg. \V. It is bounded on the E. by Delaware river and bay, with the Atlantic ocean ; on theN. a-d W' by Canada : and on the S. by Mary- land ; being about 200 miles h^ng. and alinoft the fame in breadth, but in fome parts very narrow. The country is v^cll watered, not only by the Del.iwarc, but by other navigable rive'rr, which carry Luge fliirs up into this pro vince. The original founder of this republic as it were, namely, Wiiii'.m Penn, made the mofl pei feif\ freedom, both religious and civil, the bafis of this efl-ab!i!hn-.ent ; fo that there is a general toleration for all denominations of Chrillians. The heirs of Penn (who fird ob- tained the patent for it in 1680) appoint the governor and his council : but the houfe of icprefentativcs are cliofen by the freemen of iLe nroviiice, This flourilhing province is in- a confiderablc way, is called the Tjelhes ; and near its mouth are marches, which are very fertile. The capital of Penfylvania is Phila- delphia, the tr.ifts twenty five to fixty miles aoove, which are but thinly inhabited and planted. PE'NSILE, Adj. [pefijilis, Lat.] hanging, fufpended, or fupported above ground. PE'NSILENESS, S. the fl.te of h^nping. PE'NSION.S. [Fr.] a yearly allowance given to a perfon bv the court. To PE'NSTON.'V, A. to fupport by an annuril allownnce. PE'NSIONARY, Adj. {penjlonralre, Fr.] maintained by penfi.ons or a (fated allowance. PE'NSIONER, S. one fupported by vo- luntary allowance from another, PE'N^IVE, Adj. [peri/ifjVr. pe>:/:vo, Ital. TrayJoc, Gr.] fonowful ; mournfully ferious and thoughtful. PE'NSi'VELY, Adv. in a mournful and thoughtful manner. PE'NSIVENESS, S. the quality of being mournfully thought-ful. PENT, Part.pali; cfPc««. PENTACA'PSUL.^.R, Adj. f-irivr:-, Gr. five, and capfuia, Lst.] having five cells or cavities. PE'NTACHORD, S. [Gr] an inftrument having five firings. PE'NTAGON. S. [Fr. from warn and ycvict, Gr.] a mathematical figure having fivs angles, 4 PEN- PEP PFNTA'GONAL, Adj. havlngfive angles. PENTA'.VIETFR, S. [Lat.j aLatinverfe confifting of five feet. PENTA'NGULAR, Auj. [wlyrf, and an- g^ila/ ] five cornered. I'ENTAPE'TALOUS, Adj. [Trhrt, and fetalci, Lat.] a fiower confirtinii of five leaves. Pr-'NTA' PAST, Adj. f ti^.te, and awa'a), Gr.] an engine with five pullies. PlNTA'SCICK, S. iTrr.r-s and ri^'^."' Gr. ] a coiTipofition confifiing of five veifcs PE'NTAS'l YLE, S. [tteWe, and c-raXof, Gr.] in Arcl;itc(fture, a worii in which are five rows of cohimns. PE'NT.ATEUCH, S. the five books of Mofe';, namely, Gen. Exod. Levit. Nuinb. and Dent. PF'NTECOST, S. [Fr. rfvlEx^ri, fifty J a feafl of the Jews, fo called from its being celebrated the_/^';(r//6 day after the fixteenth of Nifan : it if called by the Hebrews the fcafi of weeks, bccaufe kept k-^f^n. weeks after the Paflbver. The firft fruits were offered at this time, and it was inflitiitcd to oblige the If- raelites to repair to the temple, to acknow- ledge the Lord's domin'-on, and to render thanks tor the law which was given from Sinai Vc.c ffiletb day after their coming out of Egypt. It correfponds with the Chrifiians W'hitfuniide, for which we fometimes life it. PE'NTKOUSE, b. { pert, (rom penteyYv. an houfc] a Ihed hanging out sflope from the main wall. PE'NTICE, S. [pcndlce, Ital.] a fiop'uig roof j a fhed. PE'NTILE, S. a tile made for covering the floping part of a roof. PENU'LTIME, S. [Lat.] the lafl: fyllable but one. PENU'MBRA, S. [fene, almoft, and um- hia, Lat. a fhadowj an imperfc£l (hadow. PENU'RIOUS, Adj. [penurw, Lat.] fpar- ing in expenee from a gioundlefs fear of po- verty. Scanty. PENU'RIOUSLY, Adv. in a niggardly, fparing, and fcanty manner. PENU'RIOUSNESS, S. the quality of being fparing in expences from an immode- rat.; and groundlefs apprchenlion of poverty. PE'NURY, S. [penuria, Lat.] want of money or HecefJaries. PEO'NY, S. [pesnia, Lat J a plant which bears a red fiower expanded in the form of a rofe, which turns to an oblong fruit or head^ containing many feeds. PE'OPLE, S. [pronounced peepk, from petiple, Fr. populus, Lat ] a nation or com- munity. 'J he vulgar or commonalty. To PE'OPLK, V. A. [pepukr, Fr.] to fill with inhabitants. PEPA'STICKS, S. [^Ewaivo), Gr.] me- dicines which are good to help the rawnefs of the flomach, and digeft crudities. PE'PPER, S. [/,/^tfr, Lat.] a vvaini fpice, of which there are leyeraj fpecies. PER To PE'PPER, V. A. to fprinkic with pepper. Figuratively, to beat or mingle, ei- ther with blows ot fhot. PE'PPERMINT, S. mint remarkably hot. Pli'PFfcRWORT, S, a plant. PE'PSIS, S. the concodtion or fermen- tarion of viduals and humours in a human body. EE'PTIC, Adj. [-niTfwo.;, Gr.] what af- fifts digefHon. PE'i\.Al:DT£, Adj. [peracutus, Lat.] very fliarp. PERADVE'NTURE, Adv. [parad'-jen- I::/-, Fr. ] perhaps; by cHance. To PERA'GRATE, V. A. [per:,gro,Lat.] to travel or wander over. PERAGRA'TION, S. the ad of pafllng through any (late or fnace. To PERA'MBLTLATE, V. A. [ peram- iulo, Lat.] to walk through ; to furvey Ijy pairing til lo ugh. PERAMBULA'TION, S. thea£l of pafT- ing through or wandering over ; a travelling furVcy.N PE'RCEANT, Adj. [percanr, Fr.] pierc- ing ; penetrating. PERCE'IVAGLE, Adj. that which is pro- peily an obje(n: of the fenle or underllanding, and may be difcovered by either. PERCE'IVABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to be difcovered by the fcnfcs or mind. To PERCE'IVE, V. A. [perce-z^oir, Fr. perciplo, Lat.] to difcover by means of the lenfes or unde; {landing. To know, or ob- PERCEPTISI'LITY, S. the (late of be- ing difcovered by the mind or fenfes. The power of perceiving. PERCE'P ! IBLE, S. [Fr.] fuch as may be perceived by the mind or fenfes. PERCE'PTIBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as may be perceived by the fenfes or mind, PERCE'PTION,^S. [Fr. pcrcepth, Lat.] the acT:, pafTIon, or iniprefilon, whereby the mind becomes conlcious of any thing. The act or power of perceiving. An idea or no- tion. PERCE'PTIVE, Adj. [peneptus, Lat.j having the power of perceiving. PERCH, S. [perca, Lat. pe-che. Fr.] a fiih of prey, with a hooked or hog back, armed with lliff bridles: its fkin is covered with thick hard fcaies j it has two fins on its i)ack, and carries its teeth in its mouth. A meafure containing 5 yiirdsand a half, I'roni pcrche, Fr. pet ilea, Lat. A Hick on which birds fupport themfelves when tliey rooft, from percht, Fr. To PERCH. V. N. \pcrchen, Fr ] to fit on a ftick like a bird at roolt. Atlivelyj to place un a perch. PERCHA'NCE, Adv. perhaps; peraj. venture PFRCHERS.'S, Palis csudlcs aiicienWy Z 2 J ui<.d PER Vifed in England ; slfo the larger fort of wax- tandies, ufually pLiccd upon tlic altars. PERCI'PIKnT, Adj. \pcrc![>u-r.s, Lat.] confcious of the prefence or impicffion of an PERCl'PTCNT, S. one that has the pow- er of perceivinj^ To Fi-yRCOLATE, V. A. [fercolatus, fjom p yjcJ;:, Lat. 1 to Civd'm thmngh. PERCOLATION, S. the art of piiiifying 1 V ftrainin;;;. 'To 1'h.RCU'SS, V. A [ferr.ps, Lat J to fir; he. PERCU'SSTOM, S. [Fr. pcra/J/Io, Lat.] the act of drikh''.,': ; a ftrohe. PtRCU'lir.NT, Adj. [pcnuu-Ks, Lat.] fliikiug ; having the power to flrike. PERDi'Tlok, S. [?r.pcrdi:io^?\..'] de- flrmfHon : deatli ; lofs or ruin. In fciipiurc, ctern;il dei'h or dcflrtiftion. PE'RDU:-'. Adv. [perdue, Fr. a forlorn hope, or advanced ccnthielj clofc and undif- covcrcd. Pfc.'RDULOUS, Adj. [from fc-.d:, Lat.] loft ; tliro'.vn :;w;iv. PERDU'KABLE, Adj. |^Fr.] lafting j long continued. Not in uff. PERUU'RACLY, Adv. in a lafting man- rcr. PERnURA'TIOj;, S. [pcydu-o, Lat.] long continii .nee ToPLRE'GRINATE, V.N. \ pn-e^nnus, Lut.] to trnvtl into fo ei^n co'.intric?. PEREGRlNA'TiOlvT, S. [ paigrlnus, Lit.] travel or aliode in foreign countries. PE'REGRINE, Adj. foreign j not native j not domeiiic. To Pi RE'IMPT. V. A. f/fra^/.-ii, Lat.] in Tvaw, to cvufli, to Isill. r,ERE':\IPrOR[LY, Adj. \f\om peremp- tory] aljfohitcly; To ?s to cut off further de- Lv or dehiiie. 't'ERV'.'MPTORINES<i, S. [horn perttr.p- tory] pol'tvcncfs that will nr-t admit of dif- piite orcontradi(fc;;)n. PEiiEMPTORY, Adj. \ perc:}:ptche, I*r fremptv;, L'.t. fKlIkdJ pofitive, fn as to ad- mit of no delay, difpute, or contradi£ti' n. rE."lE'NNtAL, Adj. \perenr.h,\yAt.^^ laft- ing through the year j perpetual or unceaf- ing. PFRF/NNITY, S. [ peroujltas, Lat.] the qnaiify of h'fting the year round. , PE'RFECT, Adj. I per/caws, Lat.] free from dcFei't witJi reQ^e^l to parts, compoli- tion, fkiil, or abilities. •lo PE'RFr.CT, V. A. [pe-fff?!-r, from ffrf.c'.o, Lat.] to compleat or linilh any thin? ; to fiipply dcfeds ; to inftruift com- plcicly. PE'.FE'CTTON, S. fPr. pcrftFth, Lat." the fr;<te of enjoying every thing that belongs to a thinp free from redundancy ordcfert ; a fuf.trr.c excellence;, an attiibute, applied to t> e Dtiiy. PER To PERFE'CTIONATE, V. A. to mak« perfect. PERFE'GTIVE, Adj. conducing to com- plete, or to remove all defects. FEP.FE'CriVfLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to remove all dcfcffs. PE'ilFlLC I'LY, Adv. in a manner free from defccls. FE'RFECTNESS, S. the quality of en- joying every thing belonging to its ftate or nature. PERFI'DIOUS, Adj. {ferf.Ai,s,l.z.\..'] 2.(\- ing contrary to the faith or coiifidence repof. e,l in owe. PfRFIDJOrsLY, Adv. in a manner in- confiftcnt wi*h t!ie confidence placed in one. PERFJ'DIOUSNESS, S. the quality of betraying a perfon who confides in us. PE'RFIDY, S. [perfdie, Fr. perfdhi, Lat.'} breach of faith; the art of betraying thofe who confide iii one. To PERFLA'tE, V. A. [perjo, Lat.] to blow througli. PF.RFLa'TILE, Adj. blowing through or ftrongly. PERFLATION, S. [from perfate] the aft of tilowing through. To PE'RFORATE, V. A. [perforatus, Lst. from pcrfo'o, Lat. J to pierce or bore a hole v.itli a tool. PERFORATION, S. the art of piercing or boi ing ; a liolc made by boring. PF.RFO'RCE, Adv. by violence. PERFO'RM, V. A. \performare. Ital.]to execute, art, or to do ; to accomplifh a dcfign' or undertaking. N'euterly, to fucceed in an a'tenipt ; to art on the ftage, or play a piece of mufic. PERFO'RMANCE, S. the execution of a defign ; the completion of a promifc; a work or compofition j an artion, or fomething done. PERFO'RMFR, S. one that executes or performs any thing, generally applied to an ai tif: who gives a fpecimen of his flcill iri public. ■fo PE'RFRICATE,V. N. [/o/;;Vo, Lat.] to rub over. PERFU'ME, S. {parfiKc, Fr.] an agree- able odour, compofed by art, and ufed to give other things a flagrant fcent. Fra- grance. To PERFU'MF,, V. A. to make a thing fmell agreeably by art ; to fcent. PERT- U'MER, S. one who makes and fells arlii'icJ.il odours. PERFU'NCTORILY, Adv. [pcrfunnerli, Lat. j in a carelefs or negligent r-nanner. PkRFU'.M :T0KY. Adv. [pcrfunFtcrius, Lat.] care'efs ; flight ; negligent. To I'ERFU'Sl-, V. A. \pcr/„ft!s, Lat ] to overf|.re:,d; to tinrture or ipread through. FERH.A'PS, Adv. I per, and bjps] per- advcnture ; it may be fo. PE'RIAPT, S. [7r:,-;3.'7r», Gr j a charm, which, P E R •which, being tied about the neck, is believed to expel all dil'eafes, PERICA'RDIUM, S. [Lnt. from mpi, and KsfSia, Gr.] a thin membrane refembling a purfe, and containing the licart in its ca- vity; its life is to contain a quantity of dear ■water to keep the heart muilt. PtRICA'RPlUM, S. [-Lat.J in Botany, a thin -rricmbrane encompaffing the fruit or grain of a plant. •FERICRA'NIUM, S. [Lat.] a thin and nervous membrane, of exquifite fenfe, which •covers the cranium or head immediately, and invelops all tlie l)ones in a human body. PERI'CULOUS, Adj. [fcrkulcfui, Lat.] <?angerous; hazardous. I'ERIE'RGY, S. [TTfpi, and hyov, Gr.] ncedlefs ciution or troulile in an operation. PEPvlGIiE', PERIGE'UM, S. [from 7re,i, perl, Gr. about, and yn, ^^ee, Gr. the earth I a .point wherein a planet is at its nearcfl podi- •i>le diftance from the earth. PEPvIHE'LIUM, S. that part of a planet's orbit vyherein ic is nearell to the fun. PERIL, S, fFr. pcng/io. Ital. pmkel, J3elg. /Ji'iiia/V/w, Lat.T a ftate wherein a per- ibn is (^xpofed to lofs, diftafe, or death ; a dange>' threatened. ■ PE'RI.-OL'S, AJj. !"/r.-;/«.v, Fr.] expofed fto a danger or calamity. I-'E'RILOUSLY, Adv. in a dangerous •manner. PE'RILOUSNES<^, S dangeroirfnefs. PrRI'MEIER, S. {pcrmetre, Fr.J the .rompafs or Aim of all the fides that bound any figure. PE'KJOD, S, [;f;-.W^,,Fr. Trsp.'S^j, Gr.] a circuit. A fpace of time in which any re- volution of the planets is performed, which ■begins again. A dated number of years, days, or hours, in which things are performed and repeated. 7 he end or conclufion. The ftate at wh;ch any thing terminates. Dura- tion. Jn gr.immar, a complete ftrnlence from • one full ftop to another. In Printing, apaufe .or mark, denoting a complete ientence, thus (.) PERIQ'DIC, PERIO'DTCAL, Adj. \pen- ■ tdique, Fr. ] making a circuit or revolution. Happening or returning at a flated time, PERIO'DICALLY, Aciv. at ftated times. PERIO'STEUM, S. [trt^i, Gr. and c^iov, *Gr.] a membrane of ey.cjuilite fenfe, covering all the bones. PERI'PHERY, S. [rn^i, Gr. and (fsf'-jGr-] the circumference. To PE'RIPHRASE, V. A. [pcripkrafer, Fr.] to exprefs by circumlocution. PERiPHRA'SLS, S. [Gr.] the a^ of expreding the fenfe of one word by many ; as \vhea we fay, the lofs of life, for death. PERIPNEU'MONY, S. [tte^i, and wvsu- ^m, Gr.J an inflammation of the lungs. To P£'RI3H, V. N. [/fr,V, Fr, peiio. PER Lat.J to die ; to be deflroyed. A£llvc-!y, to dellroy, dec:ty, or impair. PE'RISHACLE, Adj. liable to pcrilh or Jfcay. I'E'RISHABLENESS, S. liablenefs to decay or deftruftion. PERI.STA'LTJC, Adj. \ penflahlaue, Fr. TTE^i^sXAi;, Gr.J applied to the vciniicular or wavering motion of the guts, by which the excrements ire prcfled down vvurd^T".d vf'-.!'jd. PERIS I E'RIOM, S. the herb vervain. PKRISTY'LE, S. [Fr.] a circular range of pillars P::RISY'.ST()LE, S. rGr]the pa-; • ^r intc-vai batvvccn ihc two motions of the I-.e.irt or puife PF.RITG'XEUM, S. [Gr ] a thin, foft membrane, wbich enclofcs all the bowels ia the lower Ijclly. To PE'Rjl'RE, v. A. [pcjuro, Lnt.] to Avear a thing a perfon knows to be falfe. PE'RJUROR. S. one that fwcars falfsly. PE'RJURV, S. the act of Aveui:;>i i^ifely. PE'RRIWIG, S. [perruot,e, Fr] hair woven on thread fcwed on a cawl, and wnrn by a perfon iufreLid of his own hair. To PERRI WIG, V. A. to drtfs in falfs hair. PERRIWINCLE, S afmall .Ojeil-fifh, a kind of (ba fnaii. In I.'otany, a p!anr. To PERK, V. N. [from pfrch] te hold up ihe head with an afTccted brifKnefs. To drefs or a.Jom. PE'RMAK-ENCE, P.E'RMANEN'CY, S. the quality of continuing' Ion ('in the fame frate. PERMANENT, Adj. (p.rmaner.s^, Lat.J dui-able, continuing, lafling. PERMANENTLY, Adv. in a durable manner. PERMEABLE, Adj. \i\om pcrmco, Lat.j fuch as may be palTtid through. To PE'RMEATE, V. A.[perfneatus,1.^t.] to pafs th'ough. PIRMEATION, S. the aft of palling through. Pp:RMI'.=iCIBLE, Adj. [from pennifceo, Lat.] fuch a* may ht mixed. PERMI'S.SIBLE, Adj. {p;rrr.]J]us , Lat.J what may be permitted. PERM I'SS ION, S. [Fr.] a grant; allow- ance. Leave to do any thing. PERMI'SSIVE, Adj. \[>nWfu!, Lat.] granting or giving leave ; not hindering tho' not approving. PERMI'SSIVELY, Adv. by bare allow- ance, without hindrance or approbation. To PERMPT, V, A. ipfnmtto, Lat 1 to allow, grant, or fuffer, without commanding, authoriling, or approving- PERMI'T, S. a written warrant for fend- ing goods from one phcc to another. PERMIT TANCK, S. allowance. Want or forbearance of oppofithn, Z ~ 4 PER' PER PERMI'XTION, S. [from permi/Ius, Lat.] tlie ad of mingling ; the flate of being mingled. PERMUTATION, S. [Fr. fennutatio, Lat. J the exchanec of one thing for another. T.i PERMU'TE, V. A. [pcrmuto, Lat-l to exchange. PERNI'CIOUS, Adj. [penikkux, Tr.per- mc'iofus, Lat.] mifchicvous in the highefl de- gree ; dedruftive. PERNI'- lOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to deOroy or ruin. PERNI'CIOUSNESS, S. the quality of being dcQruilive. PERNl'CITY, S. {pernix, Lat.] fwift- nefs. " Great fvv:ftnefs or pern'ulry." Ray. r; RORA'TION, S [perorano, Lat.] the conclulion ©f an oration. To Pi:.RPE'ND, V. A. \perpendo, Lat.] to ponder on orconfider attentively. PERPSNDI'CULAR, Adj. [pcrpsndku- laii-e, Fr. ferf>ci:dkuUrh, Lat.] cro.ling any thing at right angles. Straight or upright. PERPENDI'CULAR, S. a line crofling the horizon at right angles. rEPvPENDl'-'ULARLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to cut another line at right anjiics. In the direiftion of a lirait line up and down. PERPENDICULA'PvITY.S. theflateof being perpendicular. PKRPE'NSIO.V, S. [ivom perper.d} con- fideration. ToPE'RPETRATE, V. A. [pcrpetram, Lat.] to commit any crime. PERPETRA'TION', S. the acfl of com- mitting any crime. Figuratively, a crime. PERPE'TOAl., Ad.].''{pcrpetue!, Fr. per- petuus. Lie] never ceafing ; continual. PERPETUALLY, Adv. without inter- mifijoD or ceafmg. To PERPE'TUATE, V. A. [pc-petuer, Fr. pcrpetuu'., Lat.] to make perpetual j to eternize i to continue without ccilation or in- termi.Tion PERPETUA'TIC>:, S. the aft of making immortal, or prefciving from, oblivion. PERPETU'ITY, S. [perpetiiue, Fr.] du- ration to all futurity. Something which has no end. To PERPLE'X, V. A. \perphxus, Lat.] to diflurb with doubts, ambiguities, or dif- ficulties. To make ditticuk. To torment or vex. PERPLE'X, Adj. [Fr. p^pkxus, Lat.] diirictiit ; ambiguous j intricate. PERPLE'XEDNESS, S. the qu.ility which renders the judgment unable to determine. Intricacy; anxiety of mind. PERFLE'XriY, S. [pcrpkxlui; Lat.] anxiety ; entanglement ; intricacy. PE'KQL'ISITE, S. [perqulfitus, Lat.] fomething »iven to a perfon as a gratuity. PERC^ISI'TION, S. [pe>qu\f.tus, Lat] an accurucc CH<iuiry j a ftrift and thorough isirch. PER PE'RRY, S. [pdre, Fr. a pear] cyder made of pear.s. To PE'RSECUTE, V. A. [perfecutcr,Yr. perjccurr/s, Lat. J to fubjeft to pains, Igfles, or imprlfonments on account of opinions j to purfue with malice ; to troubie aperfoii with inceflant importunity. PERSECUTION, S. the aft of inflifting penalties, or fubjtfting to punifhments for opinions; the ftateof beini^ pcrfecuted. PERSECUTOR, S. [feyfecuteur, Fr.] one that infiifts pains, penalties, or Iofles,on aconmt of his opinions. One that harrafles another with maJice. PERSEVE'RANCE, S fPr. formerly ac- cented on the fecond fyllable] fteadinefs or continuance Ih any purpofc, defign, or opi- nion, notwithfianJing oppofilion. P ERSE' VER ANT, Adj. conftant ; per- fifting. To PERSEVERE, V. N. [perfiwrer, Fr. perfe-jero, Lat.] to perfiit in an attempt, not- withfianding oppofition. PERSEVE'RIN'GLY, Adv. with perfcve- rance. PE'RSIA, S. a vaft empire in Afia, lying between lat. 25 and 45 deg. N. and between long. 45 and 67 deg. E. It is upwards of I2CO miles in length, and almoft the fame in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by part of RulTia, the Cafpian Tea, and the caunlry of the Ufbeck and independent Tartars ; on the E. by the Mogul en^pire, from which 2, ridge of mountains and the Indus divide it ; on the S. it has the Arabian fea, which is a part of the ocean and the Perfian gulph ; and on the VV. it has Georgia and Aran, or ancient Armenia, from which tlie rivers Kar and Aros pait it; and likewife the Tigris and Euphrates, which feparate it from the Turkifii empire in Aiia. Anciently Perfta comprehended, be.'ldes fcveral fmaller ftates, the three powerful nations of Media, Perfia, and Parthia. Its limits on the fide of India have been extended further vteflward by the late Ko"h Ken, who added to Perfia all the Indian provinces on the W. fide of the In- dus ; and tliefe the Great Mogul confirmed to him, upon rclinqiiiihing, in 1739, his conqueft cf the provinces lying E. of that river. The bounderies of Perfia, on the fide of Turkey, cannot be exaftly afccrtained ; for though the Tigris near its mouth forms part of the wefiern limits, the Turks and Per- fians are not agreed with regard to the pro- vinces that lie further N. on that river. The temperature of the au-, in Perfia, varies ac- cording to the pofition of the ditfl-rent pro- vinces. It is generally extreme hot in fum- nier, as lying under the tropic of Cancer ; and even the winds are {o hot for three months in tlie 3'ear, that there is hardly any ftirring abroad about noon, without endan- gering life : for blowing from the eaftward over vaft r<»adj_, they occafion 3, heat equal PER PER fco that of an oven ; but then thefe winds are | cloth, filk, or leather. Silk 15 the ftsj'le refielhed by cool breezes in the afternoon, commodity of Perlia, of which they make 1 his fuUrinefs is particularly found along the taffetics, tabbies, fattins, (luffs mixed vii;h fea-coa(ts of the ibuthern provinces; and it often proves mortal to Europeans, particu- larly fuch as arc addided to intemperance. In Perlia they have very little water, and hardly a river large enough to carry a boat. Sometimes a tr.ivtller docs not meet vvith water for whole days togetiier : but no place hu.HDands it better than they do here ; for they colle(a: all their little dreams and fprings and turning tliem into one channel, diiccl their courfe towards their towns, cultivated fields and gardens, fometimes for the fpace of forty or fifty miles. The country is very much incumbered with mountains, lume of which are very high, r.nd rocks generally barren, without tree or herbage: but they have feveral fertile valleys, where lie their large towns ; particularly the part on the Caipian fea cannot be exceeded by any coun- try in fraitfulnefs : but in other regions the barrennefs is chiefly owing to the fcarcity of its prcfent inhabitants, ind likewife to their (loth, for anciently there was not a more plentiful country in the world than Perfia. Its principal produce is rice, wheat, and bar- ley ; the melons here are excellent, and in great quantities, having no lels than twenty ditferent fpecies, which the common people feed on in the fealon : alfo cucumbers, deli- cious apricots, and large peaches. 1 hey have feveral /brts of wine. The palm-tree is cure- fully cultivated, efpecially in the gardens, which befides produce a great vaiiety of roots and vegetables. The dat<;s are delicious, and, being laid in heaps, they candy them- fclves. The country produces rhubarb, fen- na, and many other mineral drugs ; they have alfo pi'.lachio-nuts and other fruits. The Perfians are more luxurious in their eat- ing than the Turks ; and make ufe of ice even in winter, but never of fnow. A great many take opium. The horfcs of Perfia are the finelt in all the Eaft : their camels and dromedaries are the moft ufeful animals for tranfporting of merchandile over the fandy defarts, fome of them carrying neai- a thou- sand weight, and travelling for feveral days without water j they have mules, oxen, buf- faloes, and two forts of afles ; the one flow and heavy, like ouis, and another light and graceful ; likewife large (iocks of (heep and goats. They are fomctimes vifited with lo- cufts, which riy fo thick, that the (ley is darkened by them ; and they de(lr«y all the fruits of the earth where they alight. They have a multitude of hawks, eagles, and o- ther birds of prey, which they teach to fly at game, and even wild beafts, with the af fiftance of dogs ; fo that nothing but wild boars efcape them. Their manufuftures arc (ilk, cotton, cimel or goats hair. Their gold velvet, efpecially the curled fort, is very elegant. •1 o I'ERSl'ST, V. N. fpnj'jp, Lat. fer- Jiftcr, Fr.j to continue fiun and refolute in an undei taking or opinion, notwithilanding oppolition. PERSI'STANCE, PERSrsTANCY, 5. fieadinefs; conlbncy ; obftinacy; obduracy 5 contumacy. PEllSl'iTIVE, Adj. fieady; not reced- ing fiom a purpofc ; perfevering. . >E'RSON, S. [^erjonne, l-r.pcrfira, Lat.] a thinking intelligent being that hss reafon or rcfieiffion, and can confider itielf as itfelf, i c. the fame thinking thing in different times, or places. An individual or particu- lar man or woman. A human feeing. A man or woman. In perfon one's fclf, op- pofed to a deputy or reprefcntaiive. Exter- nal appearance. Character. In grammar, the quality of the noun which modifies a verb. PK'RSONABLE, Adj. handfome or of good appearance. In law, one that may maintain any plea in a court of juilice. PERSONAGE, S. [Fr.] a man or wo- man of fome rank or eminence. Air, fta- ture, or external appearance. A charaifler afiumed or reprefented. PE'RSONAL, Adj. [perfonel, Fr. perfo- nalis, Lat.] belonging to men or women, oppofed to things. Peculiar, proper to ; re- lating to one's private character or a£iior. P.-efent, oppofed to reprcfentative. Perfonal elbve. Inlaw, fomething moveable, or ap- pendant to the perfon. In grammar, applied to a verb which lias the modi.fications of three perfons in each number. _ PERSONA'LITY. S. the exi/lence or in- dividuality of any one. PE'P.SONALLY, Adv. in one's own per- fon ; particularly. With regard to indivi- duality to any one. To PERSONA'TE, V. A. [£rom perfira, Lat.] to reprefent by a ficTutious or aflumed character, fo as to pafs for another, 'lo aft or reprefent on the flag'-. To counterfeit. Torc'fcmble. To defcribe. PERSONA'TION, S. counterfeiting of another perfon. PEKSONIFICA'TION. S. {hom perfon:- fy"] the application of a£lIon to things, as in Milton. " Confufion heard his voice."- Far. Loft. To PERSONIFY, V. A. lo reprefent things and abftraft ideas a.5 if they vixre perfons. PERSPE'CTIVE, S. [fcrfpfaif, Y\: pe,- f/>ef}us, Lat.] a ipyiug glafs ; a glafs through embroidery, efpecially gold, and Iilver, onvvhich things arc vieweJ. The icicncc by which PER PER vVi'ich things arc ranged in paintingln tlieir proper proportions, A view nr vifto. PERSI-E'CTIVF,, Adj. optic, or relating trO the fcience ot vifion. PEPx-SPlCA'ClOUS, Adj. [pcrffkjx] mvxk in fLcina; or difccvering. PERSPiCA'CIOUSKESS, S. the quality cf perccivinji or aifcoveriiig quickly. rERSnCA'ClTY, S. [ ffrfpicachr, Fr.] quii-kncfs cf lii;ht. FERSPI'€1EKCE, S. [fierf^ickm, Lat.] perfect knewlcdge j the adi of lookirig ■fljarply. r£'RS,PICIL, S. [pc-fplcUlun:, Lat.] an «ptic gl-ifs. PEtlsPICU'ITY, S. \ perfplcuM, Fr.] ap- plied to the mind, calincls to be underliood or comprehended. 1 he quality of being tranl- yarent. PEKSPI'CUCUS, Adj. Iperfpkwi!!. Laf.] dear \ ti'anrpaic.nt ; fiich as may be fecn ihrot!;;h. Jliifyto be underflood. PERSPI'CUbUSLY, Adv. clearly, not obfciircly. PERSPrCUOUSNRsS, S. the quality of being cafily underllood or feen through. P.E'RSi JRABLE, Adj. [ivom per fpbe\ fnch as may be toricd through the pores of the fkin. PERSriR.VTION, S. the a^ft of emit- ilng or forcing through -the fkin. FEP.SPIRATIVE, Adj. performing the act of pert'piration. To PP.RSPI'RF., V. N. [perfph-o, Lat.] to emit or force through the pores of the ikin. To bt; excreted by the fl<in. To PERSTRPNGE, V. A. [perjirmgo, Lat.] to touch iligluly j to gaze, or glance upon. PERSU.VDABLE, Adj. fuch as may be jjerfunded. To PERSUA'DE, V. A. [perfiiadey. Fr. ^rrjuade^, Lat.] to prevail upon, convince, or bring over to any opinion by arguments. To inculcate by arguments. PERSUA'DER, S. one that infiiiences by argimients- .PERSUA'SIBLE, Adj. [Fr. perjuafibUh^ Lat.] to be influerced by arguments. PERSUA'SIBLEKESS, -S. the quality of being influenced liy aroumeijts. PERSUA'SION, S.'the aft of influenc- ing the pallions by arguments. Any argu^ mcnt or motive that v.orks upon the poffions. Tlie flate of being pcrfu.idcd. PERSUA'Sl VE, Adj. having the power of influencing the palTiv'ns. PERSUA'SIVELY, Ms. in fuch a man- rer as to inf'ucnce the palTions. PERSUA'SIVENESS, S. the quality of intiuencing the paflinns. PERSUASORY, Adj. \perJuajor\v.;, Lat.] having the power to influence thepaflions. PERT, Adj. [Brit, and Eelg. appert, Fr.j lively or brifk. Siiucy or petulant. _ PERSULTA'TION, .S. in Surgery, fig- nifics the burUing of blood through the vellels. To PERTAIN, V. N. \pcruneo, Lat.] to be long or relate to. Ufcd with to. PERTEREBRA'TION, S. Ipcnn^terf bratio, Lat] the aift ci boring through. PERTERREFA'CTION, S. [patcrrcfa- t/o. Lat.] afh'ghting greatly ; a great fright. PERTIMA'CIOUs', Adj. \ peranax^L^iX.^ obflinatc ; ftubborn ; not to be convinced, or daunted. PERTLMA'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner, as not to be convinced or daunted. FERTINA'CIOLSNEbS,PERTiNA'C.I- TY', S. o'liflinacy. Stubbornnefs. •RefolU" tion. Conitancy. PE'RTJNACY, S. \pertw-3X, Lat.] ob- flinacy, fleadincfs, orcondancy. PP:'RTrNEKGE, PE'RTlNENCY, S- \ pertif.cns, Lat.] related to the matter in hand ; proper f)r fiiitable to the purpofe. Re- lating or regarding. Ufed with to or into. PE'RTINENT, Adj. [pcnir.cr.s, Lat ] oppofite ; fuitablc to the purpofe. Relating } regarding ; concerning. PE'RTINENTLY, Adv. to the pur- pofe. PE'RTINENTNESS, S. the quahty of fuiting, or being oppofite to what is applied to. PERTPNGENTLY, S. [pertirgcns, Lzt.} the a(ft of reacliing to. PERTl'NGENT, Adj. reaching to; touching. PE'RTLY, Adv. in a brilk, lively, faucy fenfe. or petulant manner. PE'RTNI-SS, S. fprightlinefs, rudenefs without fcnfs or modcdy. PERTRA'xN:sIEN;T, Adj. [pert:-arj^trs, Lat.] pafling, or ftriklng through, as a colour does in a precious firne. To PE'RTURH, PERTU'RBATE, V. N. [p:rt!irbatus, Lat.] to difquiet, diforder, or put into confulion, applied to the mind. PERTUR3AT10.V, S. [Yr. paturbathy Lat.] any tiling wliich cef^royes the tranqui- lity of the mind, or raifes a commotion of the pafTions. Diforder. Confufion. PERTURBA'TOR, S. [perturbatcur, Fr. perturbator, Lat.] one that raifes commo- tions. PERTU'SED, Adj. [/-frnz/aj, Lat.] bored; punched ; pierced with holes. PERTU'SION", S. the aft of piercing or punching. A hole made by piercing. To PERVA'DE, V. A. [pci'vado, Lat.] to pafs through any aperture. To extend throughout the univerfe. PERVASION, S. the aft of penetrating or pafling tiirough. PERVER'SE, Adj. {p€r'vers,¥v . per-verfus^ Lat.] difiorted. Obfiinate in the wrong. Petulant. PERVE'RSr.LY, Adv. with intent to vex. Spitefullv, Crofsly, PER- PER PERVR'RSENESS, S. the ftatff orqnaU- fy of obftinately oppofmg, with an intent to vex. PERVF7RSI0N, [Fr] change from bet ter to woife. The mifapplication of the ienCe or words of an avithor. PERVFiVSITY, S. the quality of do- ing any thing purely to vex or crofs one an- other. To PER'VERT, V. A. [perwrto, Lat fer-vertir, Fr] to mifapply or diftort wilfnlly from the true end, meaning or porpufe. 1 o turn from right to wrong. PERVE'RTER, S. one that changes any thing from good to bad, or wilfully diftorts an author's inc.ning. PERVE'RTIHLE, Adj. that may be ea- fiiy perverted. P£RVESTIGA'TIO\% S. {fei-jcf.lgatk, Lat. j diligeat fearch or encjuiry. PERViCA'ClOUS, Adj. {pewkax, Lat.] fpitefuliy or peevifaiy obllinate; headftrongj Itubborn. PERVICA'CIOU.SLY, Adv. with fpite- ful obfiinacy. PERVICA'CITY, PERVICA'CIOUS- 1>1ESS, PERVICA'CV, S. [pcrvkacia, Lat.] fpiteful obflin<icy. PE'RVIOUS,' Adj. [per-vius, Lat.] ad- iTiitting pafiage ; capable ot- being pafled through. PER'VIOUSNRSS, S. the quality of per- mitting pafiage through. PERL', S. a large country of S. America, bounded on the N. by Popayan, on the W, by the S. Sea, en the S. by Chili, and on the E. by a ridge of prodigious high mountains, called the Cordillerasdclos- Andes, being a- boiit 1 500 miles in length from N. to S. and 125 in breadth from E. to W. between the Andes and the S. Sea ; but in ©iher places it is much broader, and according to fbme 300 miles. It never rains in this country, and they hardly know what lightning and thunder is, unlefs towards the top of theabove moun- tains, all the tops of thefe mountains are co- vered with fnow to a very gre.it hight, and there are feveral volcanoes, which burn conti- nuall)'. The beft houfes in this country are made of a fort of reeds likebamboe canes, and coveted with thatch, or palm leaves. Piow- ever^ they have a fort of galleries or balco- nies, but there is no walking along the floors without making the whole flrucfture gtean. Peru is inhabited by the Spanirds, who con- quered it, and the native Americans. 'I'hefe laft t'lat live among the fore'is, form as it were fo many fmall republics, which are di- rected by a Spanifh prietV, and by their go- vernor, affifted by other original natives, that ferve as officers. They have no diftrufi:, for they leave the doors of their huts always open, though they have cotton, calibafhes, and a fort of a'ocs, of which they make thread, 2nd feveral otiier fmall matters which thcv FES tr.'ide vvith, and which might be eafily floL^n. They go naked, and paint their bodies vr ith a red drug, called rocu. Tiie fame man i-^ of all trades, for he builds his own hut, con- llrudts his own canoe, and weaves his own cloth ; but if a large houfe is to be built lor common ufe, ever} one lends a helping hand, i licir Ikins are of a red copper colour ; and they have no beards, nor hair on any part of their bodies, except their heads, where it is black, long, and coarfe. 1 hofe that are not much expoied to the weather, a.'-e of a lighter colour than the reft. The natives who live at Quito feem to be of a dilTercnt temper ; ior they are all extremely idle, and fo ftupid, that tliey will f;t whole da^s together upon their heelj, without Hirring or' fpcaking, 'Ihcir garment is a fort of 3 fack, with holes to put their arms ilirougli j and this is givcr^ them by their mafters' as part of their wa- ges. Fiom a mixture of the native Ameri- cans and tht Spaniirds there arifcs a third kind, called P.'Icfticcs, v.'ho are ilicgltiniatc ; however, they have all the privileges of a Spaniard, and arc the perfons who carry on nil trades. It was fiid above that it never rains, but this mull be undcrlfoodof the fouth p.irts : for in the north, where the moun- tains are not fo high, it o.*'ten rains excef- fively ; infomuch thafthofe who go thither in fe.irclr of gold, are often carried oft" by the unwholefomenefs of the climate. They have a great number of iruits, pl.mts, and trees, not known in Europe ; however, fome of their phyfical drugs aie brought over, which aie of excellent ufc, and are well known in driiggids fhops, particularly the jefuits bark, and Peruvian balfam. The Spaniards have introduced many herbs, plants, ind trees from Europe, which thrive here very well, and ilie fruits they produce are very delicious. This country is divided into five great audi- ences, which are Quito, De los Reyes, and De las Charcas. 1 believe we hardly need take notice of the mines of gold and filver, and the prodigious riches that arc brought from thence, becaufe they are fo generally known. PE'RUKE, S. [pciuquc, Fr.] a wig, or falfe h»ir worn either as an ornament or to conceal iiiddnefs. To PERUKE. V. A, [fiom the NounJ to drefs with adfcititious hair. PERUKE-M/,KER, S. a maker of pe- rukes ; a wig-maker. PERU'S AL, S. [oi pcrufc] the a^ of reading. To PERU'SE, V. A. [from /-fv, and r._/>, Lat. J to read. Figuratively, to obferve or examine. PF.RU'SRR, S. one that reads or examines. PESA'DE, S. [Fr. ( a motion made by a' horfe in raifing and lifting np his fore quar- ters, ard keeping his hind legs upon the groimd, witlio'jt liirring. PE'SSARY, PET ?F/SSAIIY, S. [p'-Jpii'-e, Fr.] a medicine ef an oblong form made to thruft up the uterus, &c. PP:ST, S. [feftc, Yr.pcfth, Lat.l a plapie; any thing mifch'xvous or deihudivc. Alfo a gang or number. To PE'STER, V. A. [Fr.] to diftiirb, perplex or harrafswith numbers or violence. To encumber. PE'STEROUS, Adj. [from pejier} cn- cnml>erinj;; cimberfome. PE'STHOUSE, S. an hofpital forperfons afieifled with ths plague. PESTI'FEROUS, Adj. infc-aious like the planue. Deftn!(f\ive. PE'STILENCE, S. a contagious and raov- tal diflemper. PE'STILENT, Adj. [Fr. /.f/?:/cw, Lat.] produciug plagues ; mifcliievous; deRruftive. In familiar language, ufcd io exprcfs the fu- perlative degree. PESTILE'r-7TI.-\L, Adj. [pcf,Ue,!tki,Yr.] partaking of the nature of the phgue. Con- tagious ; deftiuOive. PESTILL.VTION, S. [/.f/?;//i.w,Lat,] the a£t of breaking, or pounding in a mortar. PE'STLE, S. [ff7?.7/::OT, Lat.] aninflrn- mcr.t ufed to pound with in a mortar. Fefde efperk, a gammon of bacon. PLT, S. [from difpite, Fr. impetus, Lat. orpetlt, Fr. becaufe it fignifies only a flight reientment] a (light fit of anger or refent- jnent. PE'TAL, S, \petalum, L.nt.] in botany, the fine coloured leaves which compofe the flower? of the plants. PE'TALOUS, Adj. having flower leaves. PE'TAR, PETA'RD, -S. \ petard, ¥t. fetardo, Ital.'j an engine of metal, fhaped like a hat, covered' with fine powder, covered with a madreir or plank, to which it is fafl:encu by a rope running through the rings or handles lound its rim, and is ufed to blow »p gates, &c, PETE'CHTAL, S. [fetfchia, Lat.] mark- ed witii peflilcntial fpots. PETERHOROUGH. S. a town or city of Noithamptonlhiie, with a biiliop's fee, a market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on July 10, and October 2, for all foris of Hock- wrought timber, and cheefe. It is feated on the river Nen, over which there is a bridge that leads into Huntingdonfliire, in marfliy ground. It is not a large place, for it has but one parifli church befides the cathedral ; but the matket-place is fpaciouj, and the ftrccts rsgular. It fends two members to par- liament. The cathedral was formerly a mo- naftery, and is a majedic ftrufture, full of curious work, and has a large choir. It is 38 miles S. of Bofton, and 76 N. by W. of London. Long. J 7 deg. ao min. lat. 52 deg. 33 min. ■pETER'illURG, S. a large handfome ci'.y of RulH.!, and in Ingria, bailt by Peter PET the Great, czar of Mufcovy, in 170J, and is the capital town of the whole empire. It is of prodigious extent, and contained not io»g ago 60, coo houfes, great and frnall. It is featcd in an ifland, which lies in the mid- dle of the river Nieva, where the land has been confiderably raifcd. The fort has fix badions, and oppofite to it, on terra firma, is a crowned work. Tl)ere are built here many palaces, a college, a military fchool, and an exchange. Tr.iie flouriilies greatly here, becaufe it is the feat of the emperors, and becaufe foreigners have the fame privi- es as the natives of the place. All reli- gions ar^ toler&ted, and there are packet- boats, by which intelligence is conveyed to different places, i he inhabitants ulfo carry on a trade with the Chinefe and Perfians. They have viooUen and linen nianiifa£\ures here, paper-mills, powder-mills, places for prepariprr fahpctre, brimllone, and elabora- tories for fireworks. Hei« are alfo yards for making ropes, cables, and takling for (hips; a foundery, where cannon and mortars aie caft ; as alfo a printing houfc. Some ftreets of this city are regular and well built ; and among the moft elegant ftrurtures may be reckoned the great chancellor's houfe, that of the vice-chancellor, count Gallowin's, and fome others. They are moftly brick, plaiftered over ; and though the climate is fo very cold, yet they have more windows than they g. nerally have in Enghmd. An Italian architeift, who has bten fettled here many year?, has contributed not a little to the beau- ty of the city. 'I he fummer palace and gar- dens lie to the E. where there are fine walks and choice flatucs. Near it is the theatre, which was erected in the room of the wooden one, burnt to the ground, l he exhibitions are French comedies, and Italian operas ; and ail foreigners of diltin£tion are invited to partake of thefe diverfions, as well as to balls, niafquerades, and concerts, which are frequently given at court. There are :o Ruffian churches, and 4 Lutheran, befides thofeof the Calvinifts, Dutch, Englifh, and Roman Catliolics ; and the number of inha- bitants are ijOw reckoned at ico,ooo, molt of whom came to fettle here from other coun- tries, there being not many orsj>inil Ruffians among them. It is 355 miles N. W. of Pvlofcow, 550 N. E. of Vienna, 5?.^ N. E. of Copenhagen, 300 N. E. of Stockholm, and 1250 N. E. of Paris. Long. 47 deg. 58 min. lat. 154 deg. 56 min. PE'TERV/OR T, S. a plant differing from St. John's wort, cnlyin having a pyramidical feed vclicl divided iuto fis'e cells. PE'TIT, Adj. [Fr. pronounced pttty\ fmall ; trivial ; iriconfiderable. PETl'TION,*. [p.-titio, Lat.] an hum- ble addrefs in writing for fome place or fa- vour. Prayer j of a bjranch or article of a prayer. P H ^ To PETI'TION, V. A. to make au hum- Lie addrefs for a favour. PETI'TIONARY, Adj. begging a favour in an humble manner j centainiug petitions or requefts. PETl'TIONER, S. one that delivers an humble addrefs in writing for fome favour. PETl'TORY, Adj. [pedtonui, Lat. fai- tcjre, Fr.] petitioning; cLiming the property cf any thing. PE'TRE, S. [pctra, Lat. a ftone] nitre or falt-petrs. PETRE'SCENT, Adj. [petrefrens, Lat.] growing or turning into ftonc. PETRI'FI ', Adj. [/>«;;;7t7.'i, Lat.] hav- ing the po.ver to change to Itone. PETRIFA'CTION, S. the i<ft of chang- ing or turning into ftone. Something made ftone. PETRIFA'CTIVE, Adj. [ fetr;fiao,Lzi.] having the power to turn into ftone. To PE'TRIFY, V. A. [fe.'rjfier, Fr. from fetra, a ftone, and fia, Lat. to become] to change to ft/ue. Neuterlv, to became ftone. PETRO'L, PETRO LEUM, S, [petme, Fr.] a black, liquid bitumen, floating on the water of fprings, PETTICOAT, S. [petty and coat} a fmall coat. I he lower part of a woman's drefs, which is tied round, and hangs do.wn from her waift. PETTIFO'GGER, S. [corrupted from pettl-voguer, o£ petit and 'voguer, Fr.j a perfon who is of no rep'.ite, and deals only in trifling caufes in the law. PETTINESS, S. fmallnefs. Inconfide ralilenefs. PE'TTISH, Adj. eafily provoked to flight anger. PE'TTISHNFSS, S. the quality of being foon provoked to anger. PE'TTITOES, S. \ petty :in^Uoc] the feet of a fucking pig. The toes, in burlcfque. PE'TTO, S. fital.] the breaft. Figura- lively, m private. PE'TTY, Adj. [petit, Fr.] fmall 5 incon- fiderable ; inferior. PE'TULANCE,PE'TULANCY, S. [pe- tulance, Fr. petiihnt'ia, Lat.] faucincfs 5 pce- vilhnefs ; wantonnefs, PE'TULANT, Adj. [Fr./.^f«/jw, Lat.] pcrverfe j faucy ; wanton. Pi; W, S. [puye, Belg.J a feat inclofed in a church. PE'WETT, S. [/.WwV, Bclg.] a water fowl. The lapwing. _ PE'WTER, S. ( peautc:; Belg.] an artifi- cial metal, made of brafs, Lad, and tin. Dilhes and plates ma.ie of pewter. Adje<ftivc- ly, any thing made of pewter. PE'VVTr.RF.R.S. one that deals in things made of pewter. PfLflNO'MENON, S. [Gr.] an appear- ance in the works of nature or the heavens. Any thing that ftrlkes by its novelty. P H I PHAGE' DENA, S. [4,«yiJai»i, Gr.] aa vilcer, where the Iharpnefs of the humours eats away the Hefii. PHAGEDE'NICK, PHAGEDE'NOUS, Adj. eating, corroding. PHA'LANX, S. [Lat.] a l.irge fquare bat« tahon of infantry, fet ciofe to each other, with their ihields joined, and pikes turned crofs ways. • PHANT.VSM, PHANTA'SMA, S. [Gr.] fomething appearing only to the ima- gimtion. PH.A.NTA'STIC, PHANTA'STICAL, Adj. fee Fantastical. PHA'NTOM, S. [phantowe, Fr.] a fpeOrc or apparition. A fmcied vifion. PHARISA'ICAL, Adj. [from the Phari- fees, a religious fcfi: among the Jsws re- markable far their hypecril'y] like a Phari- fee ; hypocritical ; having an external ap- pearance of religion, but inwardly vicious. PHARrvIACE'UTICAL, PHARMA- CE'UTJC, Adj. [<j>3g,«aitE.-<;7i!<o?, from <faj- .Mixao!, Gr.] relating to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or preparation of medi- cines. PHARMACO'LOGIST, S. [■<f>«j,«ttxov, and \iy(a, Gr.] one who writes upon drugs. PHARMACOLOGY, S. f t^f^taxsv and Xiys), Gr.] the knowledge of drugs and me- dicines. PHARMACOPOE'IA, S. [■^k^'xxws, and TTo.ei.', Gr. I a difpenfatory ; a book con- taining rules for the compoiition of medi- cines. PHARMACO'POLIST, S. [i>i^iJ.a-My and woXei), Gr.J an apothecary ; one v/ho fells medicines. PHARMACY, S. [^cLfiMv.vi, Gr.j the art of choofing, preparing, and mixing me- dicines. PHA'SELS, S. kidney beans. PH'ASIS, S. [Gr. plural phajes'] the feveral appearances of Illumination obferveJ in the planets. The feveral manners in which the planets appear illuminated by the fun. FHASM, S. [iarjwa, Gr.] appearance; phantom. PHE'ASANT, S [fj'if.m, Fr. phafianus, Lat. from Phaf.s, the river of Colchos] a kind of wild cock of ext;ui(ite tafte. To PHEE'SE, V. A. [peihaps it fliould be wiitten/^jyi'J to curry orcomi). PHK'NiX, S. [phceKlx, Lat.] a bird, of which theie is fuppofed to be but one exift- cnt, from whofe aflics a young one is faid to proceed PHENO'MENON, S. [phenomcie,^^. be- ing naturalized it lias changed its es in an e\ fee Ph.5:no.menon. PHl'AL, S. [/:/w/c, Lat.] a fmall bottle of a cylindrical form. PHILADELPHIA, S. the capital town of Pen- P H I rcnfylvania .in North America, and in a county of the fame name. If is an oblong fquarc, two miles in length, and one in breadth ; and the high ftreeC nu.s from the middle of one front to another. In the cen- tre of the town is a fquare of ten acres, lur- rounded by the tov. ii-houfe, and other pub lie buildings. In each quarter there is ano- ther fqiiarc of eight acres. The high ftreet is ICO fett wide, and parallel to it there are eight Greets; which are croffed by twenty more at rinht angles, all ef them being ■;o feet wide. It is fcated between the rivers Dc- lawar and Schuyli<ili, which are cLfe to it at each end j and there is a fine quay next to the Delawar, to whicii (hips of 4. or 500 tons may come tip. There are wet and dry docks for building and repairing fh'ps, magazines, warelioufcs, and all manner of convcniencies for i.mporting and exporting merchandizes. The houfes ::re moil of them built with l)rick ; but there are many more (till wantint; to compleat the plan. T he town-hcule was ciciflcid in J732, in wliich there arc large rooms for the aflcmbly and fupreme court. The public offices a;e kept in the wings. The other publjc buildings are the court-houfe, two quakcrs meeting-houfes, two for the prcfoytcrians, and one for the baptifls. 1 here are alfo a church for the Englifli fervice, one for the Dutch Lutherans, one for the Dutch CilviniHs, and one for the Moravi- ans ; befides a mafs-houfe, an academy, a tlU-'-kcrs fchool-houfe, the city alms-houfe, the qujkcrs alms- houfe, the hofpital, the pri- fon, and the work houfe. In the year 1740, the dwelling-houfes were carefully computed, and ftnmd to be 2076. Long. 303 deg. 35 n.in. lat. 40 deg. co min. PHILA'NTHROPHY, S. [<}>i>c-a;, Gr, to Icve, and cv^jsa'arc;,-, Gr. a man] good-na- tuied ; the love of mankind. PHILrPPIC, S. [from theinve^ivesof Demodhenes againfi: Philip of Macedon j ap- plied to any invccftive'orjtion. nilLO'LOGKR, S. I'^.xoK-yo:, Gr.] one who m.ikcs lanfiunge his chief ftndy. FHILOLG'GICAL, Adj. belonging to the fiudy of grammar, or language. rillLO'LOGiST, S. a grammarian, cri- tic, or one that undcrftands language. PHILO'LOGY, S. [phUoh^e, ¥r. <p.\^- T^oym, Gr. ] criticifm ; the Ihidy of lan- gua;'e. PHI'LOMEL, PHILOiME'LA, S. [f,hi- lomcL--, 'at.] the nightingile. I'Hi'LOMOT, Adj. [corrupted from fcu- ji!e in^rt, Fr. a dead leaf] of the colour of a dead leaf. PIIILO'SOPHEMF,, S. [Gr.] piinciple of rcafjiiing ; theorem. PKILO'SOPHER, S. [pFiIofophk, Fr. ph:hfiijhiis, Lat.l a pcrfon who makes the nature of things or me>r; 1 duties his findy. .rbh'yj-fi-irhfiiiu, a (tunc iiippofed by alchy- f nt mifls to turn every thing it touched intd gold . V'KILOSO'PKIC, PHILOSO'PHICALv Adj. ^jjbilojofh'iquc, Fr.] belonging to a philo- fopher ; formed by phiiolbphy 5 fKilled in philofophy. To PlilLOSO'FHIZE, V. A. to rea^.n frc.-ri, or cnpuire into, tl-,e caufes and cffcdls of things. liilLO'SOPHY, S. \ phihfip}Ae, Fr. phi- lojephta, Ldt.j the knovvledge of nature and mo.'-a!ity, founded en reafon and experience. An hypothsfjs or fyllem for explaining na- tural r-lfeifls. Reafoning. PHlLOSTOIl'GY,'s. [v'■•l^^-, and ri?>n) Gr.] natural afTrcrion ; the love of parents towards their cliildrtn. PHILOT'JMY, S. [OiXof, and tiuk, Gr.] love of horour. PHILOX'EN'Y, ?. [<f\^u and ^mo., Gr.] hofpitahty ; kmdnefs to ftrangers. PHI'LTER, S. [philtre, Fr. .f.XT^ov, Gr.] fometbing tocaufe iove. To PHILTER, V. A. to charm to love. PHIZ, orPHYZ, S. [formed by contrac- tion from phyJiogn'Myi] the face, vifage or countenance, PHLEBO'TOTvIIST, S, [from <;)XEvf'. Gr. nnd teuvm, Gr.] one that opens a Vein, or lets blood. To PHLEBO'TOMIZE, V. A. to open a vein, or let blood, PHLEBO'TOMY, S. the ad of opening a vein, or letting blood. PHLEGM, S. [phkgme, Fr <J>Xs>'/u«, Gr.] tl e watery humour of the blood, which is fuppofed to produce fiuggiftnefs. PHLE'GMAGOGUfis, S. [fUyf^a, and ayo), Gr.] a purge of the milder fort, fup- pofed to 'vacuate phlegm, and leave the other humoiu's. PHLE'GMATIC, S. abounding in water or phlegm. Dull, cold. PHLE'GMON, S^. [Gr.] an inflamma- tion. PHLE'GMONOUS, Adj. inflammatory; burning. PHLE'ME, S. [from pUchctcrr.us, Lat. fometimes written feam] a pointed inftru- ment placed on the vein of a horfe and driven into it with a blow in bleeding PHLOGI'STON, S. f from <}>X;y4.-, Gr] the inflammable part of any body. PHO'NICS, S. favfl, Gr.] the docflrine of four.ds. PIIONOCA'MPTICK, Adj [toi^i, and xdiATp.ta, Gr.J having the power to infle(fkor turn the found, and by that to alter it. PHO'SPHOR, PHO'SPHOnUS, S. [Lat.] the morning ftar. A chemical fubftance, which when rubbed or expofed to the air takes fire. PHRASE, S. [4>pp9-i<, Gr,] A mode of fpeech particular to a language. Ari expief- fou. Stile. To PIiRASE» PHY To PHRASE, V. A. to aWe, call, name, trr exprefs. PHRASEO'LOGY, S. ffrom t^af.r, Gr. and 7,iya), Gr, ] rtile. A phrafe-book. PHRENE'TIC, PHKE'NTIC, S. [<^^vi- Iwtcf Gr.j frantic. PHRENi'TJS, S. f Gr.j madnefs. PHRE'NSY, S. {pbraf:€, Fr] madnefs. Often written fre7jz.f. PHTHAP.Ti'CllS, [^?ipr«c, Gr.] cor- rupting medicines. PHTHiRI'ASIS, S. [Gr.] theloufydif- eafe. PHTHI'STCAL, pronounced uf.cal [phiy- fjque, Fr.] coti!;hin:>^ confumptive. PHThl'SlC, S.'[^dri;, Gr.] aconfump- tion. PHTHFSl-;, S. [Gr.] aconfumption. PHILA'CTERY, b'. {■i^vXa-:,-^,,,y , Gr.] a bandage ca wliich \\a^ written fonie len- ience from the Old Teftiment, worn by the Jews on their wrifts and foreheads, PHY'SIC, S. {ifV7iw, Gr. nr.ture, this word criginally fignilkd natural pliilofcphy ; feut has been iransferred to medicine] the fcience or art of healing. Medicines. In common language, a purge. In the plural, natural philosophy. To PHY'SIC, V. A. to anply medicines. PHY'SICAL, Adj. {plyjiquc, Fr.] relat- ing to natural philofophy. belonging to medicine or the fcience of healing. Medici- nal or afiitling health. PHY'SICALLY, Adv. according to na- ture; according to the principles of natural philofophy. PIIYSrCIAN, S. [phyfuxn, Fr] one who prefcrib5s remedies for any difoider. PHY'SICOTHELOGY, S. [frotn v&a^i?, Gr. nature, and thcAonja, Lat.]. ;■ view of the works of nature in fuch a light as to dif- play the attributes of the deity. PHYSIO'GNOMER, PHYSIO'GNO- MIST, S. \_ph\fonorn\Jle, Fr.] one wto judges ef the temper ^r future fortune of a perfon by the features of his face. PHYSIO'GNOMY, S. {phyf.or.nrrle, Fr.] the adf of difcovcring the temper, and fore- knowing the fortune of a per.^on, by the fea- tures of his fa<e. 1 he ca(i of the face. PHYSIOLO'GICAL, Adj. [from ph\f.o- hgy\ relating to the knowledge of the nature of things. PHYSIO'LOGIST, S. one verfed in na- tural philofophy. PHYSIO'LOGY, S. -{■i?icir, and xlyoo, Gr.] the docftrine of the conflitution of the works of nature. PHYTI'VOROUS, Ad> \if-Tm, Gr, and ftrro, Lat.] that eats grafs or any vege- table. PHYTO'GRAPHY, S. [<?i;7oV, and >£«'<?*•, Gr.] a defcription of plants, i'lIY'TOLOGY, S. \<ivm, and Xtyu, V T C Gr.] the do£lrine of plants ; a bctv.iiical dif- courfe. PJ'ACLE, S, \_piaculum, Lat,] an enor- mous Clime, PIA'CULAR, PIA'CULOUS, Adj. {p\a- ca^aris, pijculiim, Lat..] expiatory ; having the power to atone ; fuch as requires expia- tion ; criminal ; sttocioufly bad. PIA-MATFR, S. [Lat] a tiiin and de- licate membrane, whicli lies under the duia inater, and covers immediately the fubftance cf the brain. PIA'NET. S, a bird; the leOir wood- pecker j the magpie. PJA'STER, S. [p'lajlra, Ital.] an Italiau coin valued at about iive (hiiiinHS flerling. PIA'ZZA, S. [Ital.] a walk under a roof fupported by pillars. Pl'CA, -S. a particular fize of type ufed by Printers, there is likewife double Pica and:' fmall Pica; the following fcntence is printed in fmall Pica. " Mankind was born to wonder," The next in Pica. " God is above all things.'* But the following words in double Pica. Double Pica. PICAROO'N, S. [pkare, Ital.] a robber. A rr.urJercr. Pl'CCAGE. S. [pkca^lum. Low Lat.] money paid at fairs, for breaking ground for booths. To PICK, V. A. [plchn, Re!g.] to cull ; to choofe. To g;;ther from different places, and with much induOry. To feparate from any thing that is ufelefs or filthy. To clean by gathering off gradually. To pierce or flrike with a beak or fliarp inltrument, from tipuer, Fr. 'J o rob privately, joined to picket. To pick a hole in one's coat, is ufed proverbially for feekingoccafion of expofing, or finding fault v.ith another. Neuterly, to eat flowly and by fmall morfeJs. To do any thing leifurely. PICK, S. a fiiarp pointed infirument. PI'CKAPACK, Adv. [formed. by redupli- cation, from /at,!] upon one's back, or af- ter tlie manner of a pack. PI'CKAXE, S. an axe with a fliarp point. PI'CKEACK, Adj. [corrupted from /.id- [ack^ or pickapiick] or the back, PI'CKED, Adj. fharp pointed, ToPICKE'ER, V. A. [piccsre, Ital.] to pirate ; to rob ; to make a fiying fkirmifh. PPCKER, S. a Ihavp pomted inlhumcnt. PI'CKEREL, S. [a diminutive of /.iyjej a fmall pike. PI'CKERELWELn, S- a water plant. PI'CKLE, S, [pcckci, Beig.] any kind of fuk, or lour litjuor, in which things are pre- fer ved. P I E fervcJ. A tiling kept in four liquor. A conuition or (tate. To PICKLE, V. A. to prsfi;rve in fait of four liquor. '1 o feafon or imbrue with any thing bad. PrCKLEHERRING, S. [fee Jack- Pud d i r; cj a merry andrew. An arch rogue. PI'CKLOCK, S. aninarument bywhich locks m?y be opened without a key. A per- fon who opens locks withor.t a key. PI'CKFOCKET, PICKPURSE, S. one that Heals any thing privately out of a per- fon's pocket. PI'CK TOOTH, S. an inftrument ufed to clean teeth. rrCKTHANK, S. a perfon who is offi- cious purely to cut rv favour with :jnothcr. PICT, S. [ficiui, Lat.J a perfon who paints. PICTO'RIAL, .fljj. [from /;c'7o'-, Lat.] pi oduced by a painter. Pl'CTLRR, S. [flfJura, Lat.] a refem- hlance of perfons or things in prints or co- 1 urs. The fcience of painting. Any re- fembiance or reprefentation. To PI'CTUKE, V. A. to reprefcnt by painting. To reprefcnt. To PI'DDLC, V. N. [derived by Skinner from, ficclo'o, Ital or fctU, Fr. little ; and Johnfon fuppofes it conies from peddle, which Skinner fays, fignifies to deal in fmall things] to pick at table ; to eat fqueamifh- iy ; to trifie, and attend to fmall parts rather than the main. PI'DDLER, S. one that picks a bit here and there at table ; one that cats fqueamifhiy. PIE, .S. any cruft baked with f)melhing in it. A magpie or parti-colourcd bird, from p:e, Yt. pica, Lat. Pl'EBALD, Adj. [from /;V] of various colours. PIECE, S. [Fr. pronounced/«ftf] a patch. A fragment ; or part of a whole. A pifture. A compofition or performance of fome artift. A lingte great gun or hand gun. A coin Applied to potions, and ending a fentence, it (igliifies frtc^. " One C2r apiece.'" More of a piece icith ; implies refemblance of the fime kind or fort. To PIECE, V. A. to enlarge by the addi- tion of fomelhing. To join or unite. To isicreafc or fupply fome defecft by addition j followed by iut. PI'ECELESS, Adj. rot innde of feperate parts or pieces. PIE'CER. S. one that pieces. PIECEMEAL, Adv. [ pice^.-c/. Sax.] in pieces. Adjedivc-ly, divided ; fingle. Pl'ED, Adj. [horn pie j variegated or com - pofed of diflL'rent colours. Pl'EDNESS, S.-vai legation ; diverfity of colour. Pl'ELED, Adj. [perhaps from peeled, or bald, or /i.;.W] having (hort hair. Dald. P7 L PI'EPOWDER^ S. [from/;?, Fr. a font, and pouldre, Fr. dully] a court held in fairs for redrefs of all diforders committed therein. PIER, S. [pierre, Ff. | the columns which fuppoi t the arch of a bridge. 1 o PIERCE, V. N. Ipercer, Fr.] to pene- trate or enter. To afre<fi or touch the paflions. 1 o enter or dive. PfE'RCER, S an inftrument ufed in bor- ing holes. '1 hat part by which infefls make holes in bodies. PIE'RCINGLY, Adv. in a (liarp and af- feifting manner. PIE'RCINGNESS, S. the power of pierc- ing. PI'ETY, .S. [pietas, Lat. pietc', Fr,] dif- chargeof our duty to God, or our parents. PIG, S. \L,g^^c, Bell', pi^, Brit, little] the young of a fow. An oblong mals of lead or un forged iron. To PIG, V. A. to farrow or bring forth young, applied to a fow. PI'GEON, S. [Fr.] a fowl or bird bred tamely in cotes or houfes. PIGEONLPVERED, Adj. foft ; mild} voidof fpleen or refentment. Pl'GGIN, S. [fee Pic] a fmall veffel or hand-pail. PIGHT, fold Preter. and Part Pad of pitch] pitched ; determined ■■, fixed. Pj'GiVIEn'T, S. [pigmer.tiim. Lat.] colour to be laid on any body. PI'GMY, S. [pign'o-ur, Lc-t.] a fmall na- tion fabled to have been devoured by cranes. Figuratively, a perfon of low ftature ; any thing iticonfiderable. PIGNORA'TION, S. [pigncra, Lat.] the zCt of pledging. PI'GNDT, S. an earth nut. PI'GSNEY, .S, [frcm/;V^, Sax. a girl] a word of fondnefs to a girl. Vied by But- ler for the eye of a woman, perhaps impro- perly. Pl'GRITUDE, S. [pigrit!ido,Lst.']hzt-' nefs ; flothfulni-fs. PIKE, S. [pique, Fr. from the flinrpnefs of its friout] the longcft-lived frelh-water fifli ; it is folitary, melancholy, and bold. A long lance ufed by foot foldiers, before the invention of bayonets. A fork ufed in hulbandry. Among turners, two iron fpikes or fprigs between which any thing is fall- en ed. PI'KED, Adj. \_piqtte, Fr.] ftiarp j ending in a roint. ri'KEMAN, S. a foKlier who bore a pike. PI'KESTAFF, S. the wooden (laif, or the frame of a pike. PI'LA'STEK, S. [pilcf.'-c, Fr. filaJJro^ Ital.] in architeiflure,a fquare column, fome- times infulated or fct within a wall, and only fhowing a four;h part of its thicknefs. PILCH, S. ( fee Pilcher] a kind of clout of flannel, ufed to keep infants from wetting their beds by urine. pi'Len- P I L PI'LCHARD, S. a fiQi like an hm'mg, but fmallcr. PI'LCHER, S. Ipellis, tat.l any cont or garment made of (kins, or lined with furr. ^ furred gown. PILF, S. [Fr. pj/e, Belg.] a (Iron <» piece of wood or flake drove in the ground to make a foundation firm. A heap. Any thing heaped together fo be burned. An edifice or building. A hair, from pihs, Laf. the nap of cloth or velvet. One fide of a coin, the veverfe of a crofs. To PILE, V. A. to henp. To fill with fomething heaped. ITLEATED, Adj [flkus, Lat ] in the form of a cover or hat. PI'LFR, S. one who accumulates. To PI'LFER, V. A. [pwW,- Fr. or from pelfj to fleal. Neuterly, toptLidice petty thtfc. PI'LFERER, S. one who Iteals petty things. PI'LFERY, S. petty theft. PI'LGRIM, S. [fUgilm, Be'g. hilgram, belgerin, Teut. pelegrin, peregrin, Fr. pelle- grimo, Ital. percgihias, L'it.j one who travels on a religious account. To PI'LGRIM, V. N. to wander; fol- lowed by up and dc-'jn, P'lLGRIMAGE, S. a journeyon a rcli gious account. PILL, S. \p\hla, Lat. pUuk, Fr. ] a medicine made into a round mafs like a pea. To PILL, V. A. \pUkr, Fr.] to rob or plunder. To ftrip off the bark, ufed for peel, ^Neuterly, to be (tript away ; to come off in flakes or fcoria;. PI'LLAGE, S. [Fr,] plunder. The aft of plundering. Fl'LLAGER, S. a plunderer; a fpoilcr. PI'LLAR, S. Ip'il'ier, Fr. pUar, Span, p'l- hflro, Ital. p'lkr^ hrit. and Arm J a column. A fupporter. PI'LLARED, Adj. fupported by columns. Refembiing a column. PI'LLJON, S. [from/;7/5w] a foft faddle ufed by women in riding behind a horfcman. The pare of the faddle that touches the hoif.-. PI'LLORY, S. {pillori, Fr.] a frame erefled on a pillar, having three holes, through which the head and hands of a cri- minal are put, when he is expofed to the public. To PI'LLORY, V. A. to expofe in a pil- lory. PI'LLOW, S. [pyle. Sax. pch-we, Belg. fuh'h:us, Lat.) a bag of down or feathers laid under the head when a perfon fleeps. ■ T(» PI'LLOW, V. A. to reft or fupport any thin^ on a pillow. Pi'LLOWBIER, Pi-'LLO WEASE, S. the cover of a pil'ow. PILO'SITY, S. [from />;/^w, Lat.] hairi- nefs. P I N ri'LOT, S. [pilote, Fr. ph'ooi, Belg.] one who Cieers or condu<51s a fhip. To PI'LOT, V. A. to fiecr, or condu^ a (hip. PI'LOTAGE, S. [Fr.] pilot's (kill j knowledoc of coads. A pilot's hire. _PIMF''NT0, S. {pp>u;,t, Fr.J a kind of fpice, from its round figure, named Jamaica pepper. PIMP, S. Ipwge, Fr. p^vca, Ital.J one who provides a proflitute for another. One who provides gratifications for the lu(t of another. To PI. MP, V. A. to provide a harlot for another. PI'.MPERNEL, S. a plant. PIMPING, Adj. [pimp, mcnfch, Belg. a weak manj little; peity; wonhlefs; mean-. PI'iVIPLE,S. \p'mpelde, ¥r. pivmple, Brit.J afmall red pudule. PPMPLED, Adj. having red puftules. PIN, S. [efpinyk, Fr. jpina, Lat. fpUla, Ital. or from pfrum, \o\v Lat.] a fhort piece of wire with a fliarp point and round head, ufed by women in faftening their cloaths. To hold things together; a peg. That which locks the wheel to the axle, called a linch- pin ; an iion inftrimient u£d in fafleningbars and window-lhutters. The peg.s of a mufi- cal inftrument. The center. '^ The very p'm of his heart." — ^hak. A horney indura- tion, or inflammation of the coats of the eye. Rol:ing-pin, a piece of wood of a cy- lindrical form, ufed in rolling pafte. To PIN, V. A. to faflen with pins. To join. To confine as in a pinfold, ixom pin- dan. Sax. PI'NCERS, S. [pircette, Fr.] an inflru- mentconfiflingof two legs moving on a rivet, with which nails are drawn, or any thin" held fa(L The claws of an animal. To PINCH, V. A. Ipincer, Yt. paugejidan^ Pcrf] to fi]ueeze between the fingers or teeth. To hold htird with an inlhument.To fqueezc till the flefh is painted or livid. To prefs be- tween hard bodies. To diflrefs or affe<fl with pain. To drive to difficulties, to try thorough- ly ; to f4ueeze out what is contained. Neu» terly, to fpare, or be frugal. PINCH, S. a painful fqueeze with the fin- gers or between hard bodies. A gripe. Gp- preflion. Difficulty or diflrefs. As much as can be taken up between the tops of the fingers. PPNCUSHION, S. a fmall bag HufTei with bran or wool, in which pins are fluck. PINDA'RICK, Adj. a fort of poetry, in imitation of Pindar, whofe ftraiiis werel6fty» and almofl inimitable. PI'NDUST, S. fmall particles of metal made by cutting pins. PINE, S. \p:mis, Lat. pill, Fr.] a tree which bears feeds in fquamous cones. To Pine, V. A. [pi/iian, Ssx.piien, Bclg.J to languilh or wear away with any kind of A a a aiifery . p I p mifery. To bnguifii witli dcfae. Neuterly, to wifte with grief. To grieve for or bemoan in filence. Pi E-Al'PLE, S. a ]\vcy fruit of a deli- cious flavour, fo called from its refcmbling the cone of a pine-tree. Pi'N f':AL, Adj pineale, Fr.] refembling a pine-apple ; an epithet given by Defcartes, on account of its form, to the gland he ima- gined to be the feat of the foul. PINFEA'THERtD, Adj. having fea- thers relembling pins. Unfledged. PI'NFOLD, S. [from fin/ian. Sax. to fliut up, and /Wj] a place in which fheep are kept. PI'NGUID, /\dj. {fli'guh, Lat.J fat; uniflnous. PI'N-MONEY, S. money allowed a wife for her p:ivate expences. PIN-HOLES,S.nfmaHholcmadebyapin. PI'NlO.Nf, S. [pignon, Fr ] the joint at the extremity of a wing. A wing. A featlicr or t^uill 5 the tooth of a fmalicr wheel, anfwer- ing to that of a larger. Fetters for the hands. To PINION, V. A. to bind the wings or the f'iv^..vs clofe to the fides. To fliackle. To bind to. P1\K, S. [plr.ce, Fr. from pcrA, Bclg. an eye] a fmall fragrant flower, of the gilliflovvcr kind. ^n eye, generally applied to a fmal! one. Any thing fupremcly excellent. A red- dilh colour, refembling that of a pink. To PINK.V. A. to pierce with fmall jiolcs like oylct holes. Neuterly, to wink with the eyes ; from p:}:iken, Bclg. PI'NVACE, S. [/)/«(i//i-. Fr./iiw/watf, Ital. f'mn.a. Span.] a boat belonging to a ftiip of war. i'l'NVACLF., S. [Fr. ftnna, Lat.] a tur- ret, or elcA'ation above the reft of the build- ing. A hi«h fplring paint. PI'NNKR, S [ircmpiKia or pir.mon} the lapi>et of a head-drefs, which hangs down loofe. PIMT, S. [pint. Sax. pMC, Fr.] in liquid meafure Jialf a <juart. In medicine a pound or twelve ounces. PIONEF/R, S. [pknkr, Fr. from /^a-r, Fr. which comes from/)t-o,contra(fled fiom pedito, a foot {oldicr, formerly employed in digging] a foldier employed in levelling roads, throw- ing up works, or finking mines. PI'OMY, S. a large red flower, expanded in the form of a rofc. PI'OUS, Adj. [piau Lat. pkux, Fr.] care- ful of the duties owed to God or our parents. Religious. Pl'OUSLY, Adv.' with great devotion. PIP, S. [p'ppe, Belg. pitic, Fr.] a de- fluxion, or horny pellicle which grows on the tip of the ton'gue in birds and fowls. A fpot on c.irds, perhaps from pi^us, Lat. ■painted. To PIP, V. N. [p:p!o, Lat.] to chirp or cry like a bird. JPIPE, S. [fiijHrlt. /./>(, Sax.] any long P I s hollow body or tube. A tv.be of clay, throngis which the I'moak of tobacco is conveyed into the mouth. An inllrument of wind mufick. T lie organs of voice or refpiration. The key of the voice. An office in the Exchiqner, fi> Called, becaufe tlie whole receipt is conveyed into it by means of divers CmM pipes, quills, or ciiannels, as water into a ciftcrn. A li- quid meafure containing two hogflieads. To PIPE, V. N. to play on a pipe or wind inftrument. To have a flirili found. PI'PER, S. one that plays on the pipe. Pl'PE-TREE, S. the lilac-tree. Fl'PING, Adj. weak, feeble, fickly. Hot or boiling, applied to water. PI'PKIN, S. [a diminutive o{pipe] a fmall earthen bt)iler. Pl'PPIN, S. Ipufpytiglc, Celg.] a Iharp apple, fiippofcd by ibmc to derive its name from the pips or i^ox.% with which its Ikin is marked. PPqy.^NT, Adj. f Fr.] pricking; ftimu- lating; Iharp ; tart i pungent; fevere. PJ'QUANCY, S. [from piquant] (harp- nefs ; tartncfs. PIQL'F,, S. [Fr. pronounced pecque"] an offence taken. lU-wiil. Point or pun£lilio. To PIQirE,V.A. [picquer, Fr. pronounced prck'\ to affec't with envy or malice by fome offence. To offend. Ufed with the recipro- cal pronounf, and followed by ;« or w/u/i; to i value or i\K reputation upon. I FIQUEE'RER, .S. a robber ; a plunderer. PI'QUET, S. [picqiiet'\ a game at cards j played by two perfons,with only 32 cards, all the duces, threes, fours, and fives being laid afide In fortification, fharp at one end, ufi»- ally (hod with iron, ufed in laying out ground and meafuring its angles j or driven into the ground by the tents to tie the horfes to; and likewife ufed to faden the cords of tents ; whence to plant the picket, implies to cn- camo. FI'RACY, S. [firaterie, Yr.piratica, Lat] the ad of robbing or committing ails of vio- lence on the high-fca. Pl'RATE, S. one that robs at fea. A per- fon who lleals, or clandeftinely prints the co- pies of an author or bookfeller ToPPRATE, V. A. to.publilh a fpurious edition in oppolition to the proprietor of a book. PIRATICAL, Adj. robbing on fca ; like a pirate. PISCA'TION, S. [pifcatb, Lat.] the ac"l or pradice of fifhir.g. PI'SCAR Y, S. a privilege of filling. PI'SCATORY, Adj. [pifcatcnusy Lat.] relating to fiflies. PISCPVOROUS, Adj. [pips and t.-:r:., Lat.] eating fi(h. PISH, Inter] . a wsrd ufed to exprefs con- tempt. To PISH, V. N. to exprefs contempt by an hiSng auJ inaiticulitc ibur.d. PI'S. P I T PI'SMIRE, S. {pifmlere, Belg. wur, Perf. OTV'"^, Sax. J an ant. ■ To PJSS, V. N. ll>if€r, Fv.fifen, Fr.J to make water or urine. PISS, S. urine. PISS-A-BED. S. one that makes urine in bed. A yellow flower growing in the gv.ifa. Pl'SSBURNT, Adj, of a brownilh colour, as iF ftained l)y urine. PJSTA'CHIO, S. [;>i/}ac.bia,Spzn.fiJ}jc- chi, Iral. fiftache, Fr. ] a dry tVuit, of an ob- long figure, pointed at each end, with a dou- ble Iheli, containing a kernel of a green co- lour. PISTI'LLATION, S. [;7/?;7/««,Lat.] the aft of pounding in a mortar. PI'S rOL, S. ipiple, ffiolct, Fr.] a fmall hand-gun. To PISTOL, V. A. to (lioot v.ith a piftol. PI'STOLE, S. [Fr.] a gold coin firuck in Spain and Italy, generally valued at about fixteen (hillings und fjxpcnce (lerling. PISTCVLE r, S. [diminutive of /7/?(3/] a little piftol. PI'STON. S. [Fr.] that part of a pump or f)iinge on which the liickcr is ii.><ed. PIT, S. [/)/>, Sax. iittte, Belg. puz.z.c. ]>yt, old Teut. puteus, Lat ] a hole in the ground. The grave. The ground on which cocks fighr. The middie and Jo'.ver part of a theatre, fronting the IbjiC. Any hollow of the l.ody, from pi$, old Fr. Hence the arm- pit. A dent made by the finger, or cauled by the fmall pox. To PIT, V A. to fink into hollows. Pl'TAPAT, S. [perhap;; from/.ai^/>^i, Fr flep by ftep, or fatte, fatte, Fr. j a flut- tering motion or palpira'.ion, applied to the heart. A light quick itep. PITCH S ( pic, Sax /.;*, Lat.] a Mack gummy juice, dri^wn, jnd infpifT'.ted by fire from the pine-tree. Any degree of height, from pitts, Fr. the higheft rife. Degree, rate, fize. To PITCH, V. A. \apkcian, Ital.l to fix upon. To order regularly. To throw headlong ; to fmcr with pitch ; to darken. To pave Neuterly, to light or drop from a high place. To fall headlong. To fix a choice or tent. PPTCHF.R, S. [pecher, Scot.] an eaithen veflcl, or water- pot. An infliumentto pierce the giound in which any thing is to be fixed. Pi'TCHFORK, S. a fork by which corn or hay is thrown into waf.gons. Pl'TCHINESS, S. blac-.nefs. The qua- lify of refembling pitch. PI'TCHY, Adj. fmeared with pitch ; hav- ing the qualities of pitch. Plack ; dark ; diimal. PPT-COAL, S. a coal dug out of pits. PI'TEOUS, Adj. \pity} forrowful 5 cxcit- *"o P''y » tender; comp;,ffi:naie j wretched. Piltry, P L A PI'TAlAN, S. one that works in the pit in fuwing tinibcr. PI'TSA VV, b. a faw ufed by two men. one of which is in a pit. PI'TFOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to caufe pi;y. PFTFOUSNESS, S. the quality of excit- ing or e:;prcfling piry. Pl'TFALL, S. a pit dug and cov«red, in- to which a perfon fall? unexpc<ftedl}-, PITH, S. \ piit", Belg. J the futt part in themidll ofwood. Mavrcv. Strength Force. Energy. Weight. Moment. Theijiintef- feiice or chief part. Pl'THILY, hAv. with force or energy. PI'THINI.SS, S. force or en etc V. PI'TPILESS, Adj. without pi.h, force, or enerny. Pi'THY, Adj. confining cf pith, <-ip- plied to wood ; Arong or energetic, applied to (tile. Pl'TIABLE, Adj. [pitoyable, Fr.] de- ferving pity. Pi' rifUL, Adj. moving cofnpaiT^ofi ; companionate; paltry; contemptible. Tiie laf!- fen.'e is moft in tire. PI'TIFULLY, Adv. in a mr,urn!"a!, com- pafijonate, and coi'temptilTie ir,;,nner. Pi'TIFULNiiSj, S. merLV, orcompafilcn. Dcfpicrflilenefs. Pl'TILESSLY, Adv. without fi;y or mercy . Pl'TILESSMESS, S. want of compaf- fion. PI'TILESS, Adj. wanting pity or com- pafiion. PI'TTANCE, S. [pna»ce,Yv phtmiuj^ Ital j an allowance of meat in a mynallciy. A fmall porticn. PI'TUITE, S. [Fr. phulta, eld Lat.J phlegm. PITUI'TOUS, Adj. [pitvitcfas, Lar, pituitfux, Fr.j confining of, or full of phlegm. PllY, S. \ phie, F. phta, Ital.] tlie quality of feeling or compafilnnating tiie pains of one another. A ground or object cf pity. To PITY, V. A. 10 fympathife, or feel the mif'ormnes of another iVeuterly, to be compaffionate. Pl'VOT, S. [Fr.] a pin on which .-ny thing turns. FIX, S [fsxh, Lat.] a chefl in which the confecratcd hod: is kept in churches. A chert wherein pieces of evfry coin are depo- fited for trial by ailiv-maffcrs. PLA'CABLE, Acij, [{LcchJh, Lat.] will- ing or poITible to be appea'ad. PLAC.-^BFLITY.PLA CAELENESS, S. the quality of being willing or lafy to be ap- peafed. PLA'CARD, PLA'CART, _S. [phkacrt, Belg. placard, Fr.] a declaration or mani- fefto. A a a a To P L A P L A To PLA'CATE, V. A. f^/jtv», Lat.] to j out ornament, glofs, or artifice. Evidently j appejfc ; to reconcile. This word is lUl-d in clearly. Scotland. . PLACE, S. [Fr. pljxz-), TtaK fkte.i, Lat.] PLA'INNESS, S. the quality of being fmooth or level. The qviality of being free that part of immoveable fpace which any i from ornament, deceit, fraud, or ohkurity, body pollellcs. The relation of diftance be- 1 PLAINT, S. [fi'tii/tie, Fr.] an open ex- tween any thinjj, and any two or more points, | prcffion of iorrow and grief, A complaint, confidered as keeping the fame did a nee one PLA'INTI UL, Adj. complaining audi- with another. A feat or refidence. A paflagc bly forrowful. in a book. lixiflenco or Hate of operating. PLAI'NTIFF, S. [phtntif, Fr.] one that Rank. Prudence. ' An office or public cm- , commences a fiiit againd another, ployment. Room. Ground. A kind of area PL.^l'NTIF, Adj. complaining. ^' Plain- fiirroiinded with houfes, foir.eiimes Called a court. To PL.^CE, V. A. to put info nnv place, rank or condition. To fix ortflablifli. To put out at interell, applied to money. PLACID, AJj. [flacUui, Lat.] gentle, quiet. Kind, mild. PLACID'ITY, S. \jladdltjs, Lat.] qulet- ncfs ; pcaccahlenefs. PLa'CIITLY, Adv. in a gentle, kind, or mild man:icr. PLA'CIT, S. \ihcitum. L?.t.] a decree. PLA'CKET, or' Pi.A'QUET, S. a pet- tico.-it. PLA'GIARISM, S. [from /^.W.L-rj] theft, or the a€t of dealing the thoughts of, ur the works of an author, without owning it. PL'L'GIARY, S. one who makes ufe of the thoughts of an author as if they were liis own. PLAGUE, S. [tl.:ghe,^<i\i.ph!g<;TeMl. fiacre-, Vzn. placr/i, Lat. ■nXr.yn, Gr.J a mortal and contagious difeafe. A date of mifery. Any thing eminently troublcfome. To PLAGUE, V. A. to inii!<fl with a mortal diilafe. To vex, torment, or teazs. PLA'GUILY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to torment or vex much. A low word. /'LA'GUY, S. vexatious or trcnblefome. PLAICE, S, l;.h:!c, Beig.] a dat fifh. PLAID, S. [Scot. ;/;;,', KulT'. plafi, Seal - fl.y},.Bah. plafh, Dalm. phjjh, Pol " i'.j of a wo md." r,'i:r. Not in ufe. PLAl'N n v'E, Adj. exprcflivc of forrow, or complaint. PLa'INVVORK, S. needle-work without any embroidery. PLAIT, S. [corrupted from pUglt, or i!y~lt, of f/y, to fold] a fold or double. To PLAIT, V. A. to fold or double. To weave or braid, applied to hair. PLA'ITER, b. he that plaits. PLAN, S. [Fr.] a fcheme, form or mo- del. A plot of any building or form of any tiling, laid down on paper. To PLAM, V. A. [from the noun] to r.'ieme ; to form in defign. PLA'NAR Y, Adj. belonging to a plane. PLA'NCHED, Adj. [from phucb, Fr.] made of hoards. " A p/ancheil gite." Stak. PPA'NCHER, S. [Fr.] a board or plank. PLAN CHING, S. in carptntry, the lay- ing the doors in a building. >LANF, S. Ip.hiK.s, Lat. PUn is ufcd in popubr language, and f!ar,e\n geometry] a level furface. An inflrumcnt ufed in fmoolh- ing or levelling the furface of boards. To PLANE, V. A. [plater:., Fr.] to make level. To fmooth wifii a plane. PLA'N^ET, S. [p.'jiieta, Lat. plariittc, Fr. from TrXavaa', Or.] a dar, which changes its Hiuat.on in the heavens and round an oibit. PLA'NETARY, Adj. \planctahi, Fr.J of a Ihort I the nature of a phnct. Belonging to, or un- cloak] a ftriped or variegated cloth. An ! der (he dominion of a planet- outer loofe wzc'^i foinierly worn by the high- 1 I'LANE'TIC.AL, Adj. pertaining to pla- landcrs in Scotland, but forbidden by adt of' nets. parliirr.ent. PLAIM, Adj. \pl n-n, Lat.] fmooth ; level; free from rigidnefs. Void of ornament. ArtLfs. Unlearned. Open. Mere. Evident, clear, appiied to truths. Not varied by art, applied to myfic. PLAIN, Adv. eafily difcovered; Didlmftly, •Trticulatel)', applied to pronunciation. In a fimplc, open, rough, biit fincere manner. PL.AIN, S. icvtl ground. To I'LaIN, V. A. [from the noun] to level; to m:'ke even PLA'INDEALIIsG, Adj. ading wiiJioct artifice. PL.VINDEALING, S. condu.f^ free from artifice. PLAINLY, Adv.. hvcllT ; flatly; wlth- I LA'NETSTR UCK, \di.blaned.Lunctic. PL.VN'IFOLIOUS, Adj'. [plaiws .nnd /c- I'luni, Lat.] in botany, having plain leaves, fet together in circular rows round a center. PLANIL'OQUY, S, [i.L7:Ucqulum. Lat.] fpeaking plainly. FLANIME'TRY, S. [pUnus and (At- T.-'iij the menfurat'on of piuin fnrfaces. ' PLAN li'E'T.-. LOUS, Adj. [pknus, Lat. and TT-TaXty] flat leaved, as when the fmall flovveis arc lioilow only at the liotiom, but il It upward.s, as dandelion and fiiccorv. '1 o PLA'N'rSH, V. A. to teat, pdiiib, or fmoorli IiV a hammer, - I'LA'X'ISIIER, S. one who beats plate fmooth, or raifcs it in various forms by means of a hammer, PLA'XI5PIiERE, P L A , PLA'NISPHERE, S. [p/anus, Lat. nn.l ffherc] a fphere projedted on a phne. PLANT lY, S. [p/unitas, Lat.J evennefs, phinnefs. PLANK, S. [flanchc, Fr.] a thick, long ami (Irong boarJ. To PLANK, V. A. to cover with plank. PLANOCO'NICAL, Adj. [planus and C6»«i] ievclon one hdc and conical on others. PLA'NOCONVEX, S. [planus and con- <vexus^ flat on the one fide and convex on the other. PLANT, S. [Fr. plarta, Lat.] an organi cal body, deftitute of ienfe, prodnced i>y the earth, to which it adheres by its roots, and receives its nature from if, A fapling. To PLANT, V. A. to fet in the earth in order to giovv. To place or fit. To fcitle a country. To dirsd: properly, applied to cannon. PLA'NTAGE, S. an herb. PLA'NTAIN, S. [Fr.j an herb. A tree in the V/eft-Indies. PLA'NTAL. Adj. belonging to plant's. PLANTA'TION, S. the att or praftice of planting. A place planted. A colony. Introduflion or cilahlifhment. PLA'NTER, S. one that fets or cultivates any vegetable. One that fpreads or introduces a doiftrine or religion. PLASH, S. [plafche, Belg. pktx, Dan.] a puddle or fmall piece of /landing water. Wet occafioned by difhing water in walking, or by fome accident. To PLASH, V. A. to hitervveave branches. To wet by dathing water. PLASM, S. ['K\aa-!A.a, Gr.] a matrix in which any thing is call. PLA'STER, or PLA'ISTER, S. [/./^,y?rf, JFr.] a fubfUnce made of water and lime, &c. with which walls are covered. A glutinous falve, from cmplaflrum, Lat. formerly writ- ten in Englifh cmplajlcr. To PLA'STER, or PLALST, V. A. [plajlrcr, Fr.] to cover with plaifter. To cover as with plaiflcr. To cover with fome glutinous fubltanre or emplafler. PLAI'STEKER, S. one who undertakes or profelTes plaiflering. PLA'STIC, Adj. 1 3-^.t5-fy.i'?, Gr.] having the power of giving form to. PLASTOG'RAl'HY, S. [TrXas-^jpafa, • Gr.] a counterfeiting, or falfe writing. PLA'STRON, S. (Fr.j a piece of leather fluffed, ufed by pcrfons'to receive the thrulls made in learning to fence. To PLAT, V. A. to weave. PLAT, S. [properly ^/if, irovaplat, Za^.'] a (mall piece of ground. PLATE, S. [Bclg] a piece of metal heat into breadths. Wrought lilver. A finall Ihallow veflel on which meat is eaten, from {■lat, Fr. To PLATE, V. A. to cover with plates. To beat into thin pieces. P L A PLATEN, S. among printers, the flat part of a prefs whicli mikes ilie imprefTion. PLA'TFORM, S. \plat, Fr. ^nd form} the llietch of any thing delineated on an ho- rozontal or plain furface. A place laid out after a model. The level place before a for- tification. A fchemeor plan. PLA'TICK afpea, in ailio'ogy, is a ray cad from one planet to another^ not cxy£lly, but v^ithin the orbit of its own li'^ht.' PLATOO'N, S. [a corruption of fchfor, Fr.] a fmall fi]uare body of' forty or fifty mufketeers, drawn out of a battalion of foot, when they form the hollow fquare. PLA'TTER, S. a large dlfii of wooden or earl!ien-ware. PLA'UDIT.PLAU'DITE, S. [from/.W- dUe, Lat.] a demand of applaufe made by a player, when he left the itagcj applauk. A Ihout. PLAUSrniLITY, S. [thuJlhUh^. Fr.] appearance of rieht, though not fo. PL.A'USIBLE, Adj. [Vu pkifibillh, Lat.] fuch as gains approbation from its appearing true or riglit, when it is really not fo. PLA'USIBLENESS, S. the quality of ap- pearing true or right, when it is not fo, PLA'USIBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to appear right v\hen not fo. PLA'USIVE, Adj. [from plaudo, Lat.J applauding j plaufible. To PLAY. V. N. [pl-^an, f^ax.] to exer- cife one's felf in fpurts, pkafnres.orpanimes. To toy. To bedifmilled from work. To de- ceive by an afliimed character, nfed with upon. To game. To move wantoriiv- To acl a part in a drama. To aft or afliime any cha- rafler. To touch a mu.lcal inflrument. PLAY, S. difminion from work. Amufe- ment. A dramatic performance in which charadlers are introduced and perfonated. Game. Aftion. The act of touching or founding a mufical inflrument. A flate o£ agitation or motion. Liberty of afting. PLA'YBOOK, S. a book containing dra- matic compofitions. PL.A'Y'DAY", S. a day in which work is abflaincd from. PLA'^ER, S. one that performs any cha- rafter on the flage. One engaged in gaming. FLA'YFELLO W, S. a c'on'ipanion in any fport oramufemen!. PLA'YFUL, Adj. fond cf {[^ort cr dlver- fion. PLA'YGAME, S. [play and game] play of children. PLA'YHOUSE, S. \phy and hcufe'] houfe where dramatic performances arc reprcfent- ed. PL.'\'YPLE.A.SURJE,S. [play and pleaftirc'] idle amiiremcnt. PLA'YSOME, Adj. [play and fctr-c} wan- ton ; full of levity. PLA'YTHING, S. a toy or thing to play with. A 33 3 PLA'Y- P L E p L r PLA'YVVRIGHi, S. a writwof plays. | PLE'NARILY, [from />/ertrf;;f] in a full PL!i:A, S. [p.'jy, old Fr j the set or form! or complete manner. of plejdir.g. Any thing urgeJ in Jetence, cxc'jfc, or vindication. To VLVACH, V. A. !■?/#'', Fr.] to bend or interwcavs. " Wiih /Acci.- arts." ^Lak. Ob'ol tc. To PLEAD, V. N. [pi'ahur, Fr.] to argue before a cot! t ofjullicc. Jo lpeai< for or ag.i:i:l. Adi.'elv, to defend, to alledge in favour or argument. PLRLAiJA'oLE, Adj. [£iom f/ead] capa- ble to be alieus^eJ in plea. PIEA'DER, S. ] {.Lhicur, Fr.] one who argues in a couit of juflice. One who fpcaks lor or ag.iuft. PLEADING, S, [from tujd] ad or form of pleading. PLE.VSANCE, S. [paifance, Fr.] gaiety or rcerriment PLEA'S A NT, Adj \y>a:fa«t, Fr ] Riving deiiyht. Grateful to the fenfes. Good hu- ni'uved. Gay, or lively, i rifling, or more apt to make a perfon Imile than produce con- viif^i-'n. PLt" A'SANTLY, Adv. in A;ch a manner as to give delight. In good humour. Lightly, or iudicroufly. P.-E.VSANrNESS, S. the quality which excites delight, gaiety, or p!e.ifnre. PLF.A'SaNIRY, S. gaiety. A Iprightly exprelllon ; lively talk. PLE'NARY, Adj. [fl nus, Lat.J full or complete. PLE'NILUNARY, Adj ^flenilunlum^ Lat.] pertaining to the full moon. PLE'NIlPO.ENCi, S [fcmsmAfo- tt-nt'u, Lau] f'jUneii of power PLENTTO ry-.\ r, Adj.,/^m/)cr?«i,Lat.] invci'ed with full power PLEMPOTE\'TL\R Y, S a perfon in- verted with dil'cretionary or full power. PLF.'NLST, S. Ulc us, Lat I one that de- nies a vacuum, or holds that all fpace is oc- cupied by matter P E'NITUDE, S.-rp'tnitudo, Fat.] fuU nell., oppofed 'O emptinefs. Repletion, A- bundance, or cxcefs. ( ompletenefs. PlE'NTEOUS, .'\dj. abounding, copious; in large -]uantities. Fruitful. PLC'NTEOUSNEsS S.fruitfulnefs, The quality of abounding. Pofc'N' ; JFUL, .^ dj. copious j abounding in larte r-udntities. Fruitful. PLE'NTIFULLY, Adv. in a large, co- pious, or abundant manner. PLL'iV 1 FL'LNEiS, S. the ftate of being in great quantities. PLK'NTY, S. abundance. A quantity more than enough. ."•. ftate in which evory want ra uy be fupplied. PLF.'ONAS.AL S. [fkonafm'; Fr. pleatiaf. fo PLEASE, V.A.[f/a/;v,.^r. ^.'<7c«,Lat.]; WW, Lat.J in rhetoric, a figure in which to delight, gratify, humour, fati>fy, or , more worcs are ufed than are necefTary. contet^t. To id pLafcd, is ufed to imply, tol PLETHORA, S. [from ■nxn-aifa, Gr.] like QX confcit. i o gain approbation. Neu-| the flate in which the vcllclsare fuUerof hu- tcrly, to give plealure ; to gain approba- tion. PLEA'SINGLY, Adv. in Aich a manner as to give fatisfaftion or dili^ht. PLEAS'EMAN, S. a pickthank; an of- fir.ioii.; fellow. PLfiA'SURARLE, Acij. {puafure] af- fo:di:ig grc.:t Jelijilit. PLfcA'SL'ilE, S [plaifir, Fr.] the dc'ight w!)ich ariies in the miiid from contemplation or enjoyment of fomething agreeable. Gra- jification of the paflions or feiifcs Appro- bation- The diifaits oi the will; choice To PLFA'aURK, V. A. to pLafe or gra- I'fy. Though fuppoited by authorities, tiiOUgbt by Jobnfon ^w inelegant word. PLEBii'LAM, S [pkbcia::, Fr. plebcha, L.it.] one of the common or lower people. PLEBE'IAN, Adj. confining of mean pe,-plc. Vulgar j low. PLK15GE, S. [pklxe, Fr. prf^^-''^ 'f'''-J any tiling given by way of fecuriry. To FLV/dGR, v. A. to give as a fecurity. To iiivice to drink, b^ accepting the cup or hc.'lih ai'tcr another. PLF.'DGET, S. [plajgbe, "^elg] a fmal! ma''> of lint, ufed for woimJs. PLE'L\i>S, or PLE'lADFS, S. [Lat. Slid Gr,J ^noiihun conftcllatiou. mouvs than is agreeable to a natural ftate or health. PLETHORETICK, PLETHCRICK, Adj. [fxompkthora, Lat.] having a full habit. HLE'TIiORY, S. the fulinefs of the vcflels. PLE'VIN, S. [pku-viiie, Fr.] in law, a warrant or afFurance. PLFU'RISY, S \pleuryic, Fr.]an inflam- mation of the pleura PLEU'RIiK, PLEURITICAL, Adj. difcaled with a pleurify. PLI'ABLE, .Adj. [Fr. from /.&/-, Fr. to bend ■ eafy to be bent, or prevailed upon. PLl ABLENESS, S ealincls to be bent. PlPAKCY, S. the quality of being eafily bent. PLl'ANT, Adj. [Fr.] bending. Eafy to take fiom. ronnliant or eafilv perfuaded. PLl'i ATURE, PLLCA'nONj.S. [flico, Lat.] fold ; double. PLI'ERS, S. [from p!y] an inflrument by which any thing is heJd in order to bend it. roPLlGHP, V. A. \p/kJbcn, Bclg.] to pledge or give as a fecurity. J o braid er weave, from plko, Lat. whence to f./y or bend, 3.nA pHg/.t, pkigbt, or pLit, a fold. PLIGHT, S. a condidoo or ftate. Good cafe. A pledge. PLINTH, P L U PLINTH, S. [ttXivSi?, Gr.] in archltec- Uire, the fquare member which ferves as a ioundiition to the bafe of a pillar. PLO'CE, S. a figure in rhetoric, in which a word, by way of emphafis, is fo feperated, that it exprefTes not Only the thing fignified, but alfo the quah'ty of it. To PLOU, V. A. {pkeghat, Belg. to la- bour] to toil, or labour hard. To ftudy clofcly and in a dull manner. PLO'DDER, S. a dull, heavy, and labo rious man or ftudent. PLOT, S. [fht. Sax. Sclav, Pol. Bob. and Dalm. fhtno. Boh. fletL, Brit.] a fmall extent of ground. A plantation. A form or plan. A confpiracy, or recri.-t def/gn formed again ft another. The intrigue of a play. A ftratagem. Contrivance. To PLOT, V. N. to formfchemes againft another. To contrive. PLO'TTER, S. confpirator ; contriver. PLO'VER, S, [plu-vkr, Fr. pluvia/is, L^i.] a kind of bird called a lapwing. PLOUGH, S. [/>%, Sax.andDan./Zj^j'i, Belg.] an infirument ufed in htifbandry, lo cut furrows in the ground to receive the feed. Alfo a kind of plane. To PLOUGH, V. N. to turn up the ground in furrows by a plough. To cut or divide, applied to navigation. To tear in furrows. PLOU GHER, S. [from pkugh] one who ploughs or cultivates ground. PLOU'GHiMAN, S. [plough and man] one that attends or ufes the plough, A grofs ignorant ruftic. A ftrong laborious man. J'LOU'GHMONDAY, S. the Monday after twelfth- day. PLOU'GH-SHARE, S. that piece of iron which immediately follows the coulter. To PLUCK, V. A. [pludan, Sax. pkckcn, Be\g. p/ackeri, Teut.J to pull v;ith nimble- ntCs and force. To ftrip off feathers, ap- plied to fowls. To pluck up a heart or fpirit, fignifies to afliime courage. PLUCK, S. a (juick and forcible pull. Alfo the heart, liver and lights of an animal, from plufca, Pol. pluxhe, Sclav, phicl/ya, DA\m.plyce, r:2\m.plughke, Erfe. The lungs. PLUG, S. [plugge,SvitA. plugghe, Belg.] a ftopple, or any thing driven by force into another. To PLUG, V. A. to flop with a plug. PLUM, S. [ plum, plyme, plumileda, Say., blumm, hlcme, Dan. fometimes \vx\ntn pluvih^ it has a bell-fliaped cmpalement of one leaf cut into five points, five large roundifli petals, and from twenty to thirty ftamina. Its ger- mcn is roundifii, fupporting a {lender liyle crowned by an orbicular fligma, and after- wards turns into a roundifli fruit, whofe fkin is covered with a fine duft or bloom, and in- eludes a ftone } the fpecies are 33. A raifin or grape dried. In city raat, for the fum of 100,000 pounds. P L U PLU'MAGE, [Fr,] feathers. PLUMB, S. [ptcftb, Fr. plumbum, Lat.] a plummet or piece of lead let down at the end of a line. PLUMB, Adj. ftraitdoun; yerpendicu- larly to the horizon lo PLUMB, V. A. to found or fearch by a line with a weight at its end. 1 o regulate or meafure any work by a line or weight at its end. PLU'MBER, S. \pkmlkr, Fr] one who manufaflures or works upon lead. PLU'MCAKE, S. a cake that has raifins in it. PLUME, S.[Yx.pIuma^ Lat ] the feather of a bird. A fet of feathers worn as .in or- nament. Figuratively, piide. A token of hoijour 01 prize To PLUMK, V. A. to pick, cleanfe, and adjuft the feathers. To flrip off fcithers, from plume r, Fr. Figuratively, to ftrip ojr plunder. To place as a plume To adorn with a plume. To pride one's felf in any thing. PLUME-ALLUM, S, [alumcn plumofum^ Lat. J a kind of afteftos. PLUMPGKROUS, Adj \plumaandgero^ Lat.] having feathers j feathered. PLUMPPEDE, a fowl that has feathers on its feet. PLU'MMET, S, [from plumb] a weight of lead on a ftring, by which depths are mea- furcd, and ftraitnefs and perpendicularity is determined. Any weight. A kind of pen- cil made of common lead, ufed in drawing lines in writing-books. PLXJMO'SITY, S. the flate of having feathers. PLU'MOUS, Adj. [plumeux, Fr. fltirno' Jus, Lat. ) feathery ; refembling feathers, PLUMP, Adj. fleek ; full of flefh. Fat- PLUMP, S. a cluftcr; fevcral joined in one mafs. PLUMP, Adv. with a fudden fall. To PLUMP, V. A to fatten, fwell, or make large. To fall like lead or a ftone into water. PLU'MPEP., S. fomething held in the mouth to fwell out the cheeks. PLU'MPNESS, S. t!ie ftate of being flefhy, fat, or in good cafe. PLU'MV, Adj. [pluma, Lat.] covered with feathers. To PLU'NDER, V. A \ plunderen, Belg.' plundern, Teut. plyaderer, Dan. t to deprive a ptrfon of hi; property, either as an enemj in war, or as a thief. PLU'NDER, S. fpoils gotten from an enemy in war. PLU'NDFRER, S, one who takes away the property of another as an enemy in war, or as a thief. lo PLUNGE, V. A. [plonger, Fr.] to force fuddenly under water or in any liquor. To put fuddenly into a different ftate. Neu- A a a 4 tcrly. P L Y teicly, to fall or ruHi into any haziiu or dif- trefs. PLUNGE, S. the act of putting or fink- ing und;;r water ; dtfficuky ; diftrcfs. PLU'NCr.ON, S. a fea bird. PLU'NKET, S. a kind of blue colour. PLU'RAL, Adj. [flui-aih, Lat.] imply ing more than one- In grammar, a variation of a noun, by which it fi.'jnifies in Englifh and Modern languages more than one. PLURA'LIST. S. [pluraliftc, Fr. I one that h'^lds more than one ecclefiaflical bene- fice with cure of ioa!s. PLU'RALITY, S. [flurafu/., Fr.] the fl'atcof being or having a great nnnilier. A number more than one. More than one ec- clefiafHcal living. A maj-^rity. PLU'RALLY, Adv. in a lenfc implying more than one. PLU'RIES, S. is a writ in"ned out after two former writs that had no effeift. The firft called Capias ; the fecond ikut ahus ; and the third PLrhs. PLUSH, S. [fduche, Fr.] a kind of (haggy cloth or filk. PLUSHER, S. a fea-fi(h, refembling a dog fifh, which preys upon pilchards. PLU'ViAL, PLU'VIOUS, Adj. [from flwv'ij, Lat.] lainy ; relating to rain. PLU'VIAL, S. [plu-uial, Fr] a prieft's cope. To PLY, V. A, [pne;i, old Belg] to work at any thing with diligence and afliduity. To employ with diligence. To praclice diii- gcntly. To foiicit importunately. Nenter- ]y, to work or proffer ler vice. Togoin hafte. To bufy one's fcif. To bend, fiom piier, Is. . . PLY, S. a bent, turn, fonHj cafl, or bias. A plait or fold, \ FLY MOUTH, S. the antierit- Tsmdra Cfilum, at the junftion of the Plym' and Ta- mar, s borough and fine fea-port of Devon- ihire, the largeft and fafelf in England, with two harbours capable of containing looo Ijii, and very fironj^iy fortified. It lies be- tween two large inlets of the fea, in the bottom of a bay, near the entrance to which is Edydone liglit-houfe, &c, Here is a royal yard, with a dry and wet dock for building and repairing of ihips ; alfo a chaiity-fchgol, four hofpitals, and a work-houl'e, where above loopoorxhildrcn are retained. Colonel Jory was a generous bencfaflor to this place. Gn the coaft is a good pilchard fifhtry, and V iih thefea trade i' carried on to thcStreiglits and Wcit Indies. It is a mayor-lown, very populous, and fends two members to par- liament. Here is plenty of water hroutjiu hither at tlie coft of the famous fjilors Sir Francis Drake, J^ir John and Sir Richard ilawkins, all three natives of this country. Here aie tuo fine churches, wiih tv.'o or three meeting lioufes. It gives title of earl tp a branch of the Flickmsn fan.ily. Tlic P O E weekly markets are Monday, Thurfday, and .Saturday. Its annual fairs are on January 25. and September 21, for horned cattle, and woilen-cloth. It lies 4a miles from Fxeter, and 215 from London. Lat. 5odeg. zSmin. N. long 4 deg 27 min. W. PNfcUMA'TIC, PNEUMA'TICAL,Adj. [from nvB-jya, Gr.j moved by the wind ; belonging to the wind. PNEUM.VTICS, S. a branch of mecha- nics, which comprehends the doftrine or laws according to which air is condenfed,- rarified or gravitates. In the fchoob, the doctrine of fpirits. PNEUMATOCETE, S. [Gr.] a windy rupture in the fcrotum. PK'EUfvfATOL'OGY, S. ['rrMvf^a, and Xe^s;, Gr.j the doiftrine of fpiritual exift- ence. PNi UMATO'SIS, S. [Gr.] the genera- ti.>n of animal fpirits, which is performed in the cortical uibffance of the brain. To PO.-.CH, V A. [orvfs fochex, Fr.] to boil nightly or in the WtW. To (tab, kill, or pierce, Neuterly, to fteal or kill game. To be damp. PO'ACKARD. S. a kind of water fowl. P0'A':HER, S 01 e who (}eils g:me. PO'ACHINESS, S. marlhnefs; d^smpncfs. A c.nt \Aord, POACHY, Adj. damp ; marfhy. POCK, S. [fccca, Sax.] a puKule raifcj by the fn-allpcx. POCKET, S. [pcche, Fr.] a fmall bag fovxn to, or vi-orn on tlie inflde of cloaths. To PO'CKET, V. A. \ pochcter, Fr.] to put in the pocket. To pocket up, is te con- nive at ; to do any thing clandeflinely. PO'CKET-BOOK, S. a book carried in the pocket, and ufed in taking minutes or memorandums. PO'CK-HOLE, S. a pit or fear made by tlie fm^ll-pox. PO'CKINESS, S. the quality of being affecfled with the pox. PO'CKY, Adj. affcaed with the pox. POCU'LENT, Adj [/sW:.'^/,■, Lar.] fit for drink. POD, S. [hod, krde, Belg. a little houfe] the capfule or cafe of feeds. FODA'GRICAL, Adj. [from podaugra, Lat. J a.*H:£>ed with the gout j gouty ; relat- ing to the gout. PODGE, S. a puddle. POEM, S. {po(n:c, Fr p'^cw.a, Lat.] the wofk or compofition of a poet. PO'KSY, S. [p<fic, Fr. foef.^, Lat.] the art of writing in verfe. A ftcrt conceit en- graved on a ring. PO'ET, S. {pccte, Fr. poc:a, Lat.] an autiior who invents or compofcs in verfe. POETA'STER, S. [Lat. J an ignorant pretender to poetry. PO'ETESS, S.a woman who compofes or writci in verlc, POL'TIC, P O I ' POE'Tin, POE'TICAL, Adj. {poenque, Fr.J exprelU'd in verfc; having :ill the har- mony of numbers and fertility of invention oiis that conftitiue a poet or poem • POETICALLY, Adv. with all the har- mony of numbers and fertility of invention that conftitute a poem or poet. To PO'ETIZE, V. N. [pctlfer, Fr.J to write hke a poet. PO'ETRY, S. [Trci'.T^u., Gr.] the art of compofmg pieces in verfe. Pitces in verfc. POI'GN'ANCY, S. [f)om/>o/VM«f]fh3rp- aefs. The power of raifmg a biting ft-nfa- tion in the palate. Afperity, or the power of irritstino;, applied to w'lirings. POIGNANT, Adj. [Fr.J ih^rp, applied to talle. Severe or painful, Satirical ; keen, applied to writings. POXt^T, 'iApcint.poinS, Fr. from f annum, Lat.] the fliarp end of any instrument. A ftring with a tag at the end. An headland or promontory. The fling of an epigram. An indivifible part of fpace. A quantity that has no parts. A moment, applied to time. A part required of time or fpsce j a critical mo- ment. Degree or ftate. One of the degrees into which the horizon or mariner's compafs is divided. A particular place to which any thing is dircd^ted. Refpe<ft or regard. An aim, or the aift of aiming or fl^riking. The objcft of a perfon's wilh or a<ftion. A parti- cular indnnce or example. A fingle pofition P O L poi.'bns ; a corrupter. I OPiONOUS, Adj. defiru£live, pcrnici- POPSONOUSLY, Adv. [f:om pdfouom\ venomoufly. PGI'TREL, S. [poiare!, feitrwe, Yr.pet- tcrale, Ital. peBora'.e, Lat.J armour for the bread. A graving tool. POIZE, S. \poids, Fr.] weight, force, or tending towards the center. B.iJance, or the ftate of a balance in which both fcalcs conti- nue even. A regulating power. To POIZE, V. A. [fejc, Fr.] to balance or hold in equilibrio. 'J'o counter-!)alance. To opprefs with weight, followed by dcnvr.. POKE, S. [it:^ Pocket J a pocket or fmall brg. To POKE, V. A. {poha, Swed.] to feed in the dark. To fearch for any thing with a Icng indrument or pole. PU'KER, S. an iron- bar ufed to flir fires with. . PO'LAND, S. a large kingdom, almofi: fquare, and about 700 miles either way. It is bounded on the N. by PrulPa, Livonia, Cour- land. Rudia, and the Baltic ; on the E. by archer part of Rnllia and Little Tartary; on the S. by the river iWoldaw, Tmnfylvania, Upper Hungary and Walachia, biing fepara- tcd from the two laft but one by the Carpa- thian mountain ; and on the W. by Silefia, Brandenburgh, and Pomcrania. The coun- adertion. A note or tune. " A /"m;?? of [ try is almoft level througliout, with exceed- xvar." Sbak, Point blank, dire(ft-ly alluding ing fruitful fields, fine meadows, and plea- to an arrow's being fhot to tht point blank, or fant woods. In general it produces all forts white mark. A mark ufed to diflinguilh the divifions of a difcourfe, thHs (.) To POINT, V. A. to furge or grind to a /harp end or point. To dired towards an ob- jeft. To dirett the eye or notice. To fliou- by direfting the finger towards an objccl'. To flireift towards a place, from pointer, Fr. To didinguilh words or fentences by marks or 'flops. To Ihow, applied to hounds. POI'NTED, Part, fiiarp at the end. Fpi- grammaticT or abounding in wit. PO'INTEDLY, Adv. [nom pointed] in a pointed manner. POI'NTED'.'JESS, S. \{'x<,m pointed] (harp- nefs ; pickednefs with afperity j epigramma- tical ftnartncfs. POPNTEL, any thing on a point. POPNTEH, S. any thing ufed to Ihow or i\te(X with. A dog that difcovers game to fporifmen. P0I'NTLT;SS, Adj. elunt. Dull. POISE. See Poize. POl'SON, S. [Fr.J in medicine, an ani- mal, vegetable or mineral body, which de- flroys life though taken in fmall quantities. Venom. To POl'SON, V. A. to kill with any mi- neral, animal, or vcgetabLe fubllancc. To conuDt or taint. i'OPjN;-:R, S. [fiom pc-ijo-] one who of grain, particularly wheat and rye, feveral hundred (hip- loads of which are annually exported by the Dutch to fuch countries as have a fcarcity of corn ; here they have alfo cattle in great numbers, with which they fupply Germany; likewife fait, honey, wax, W(;ol, and othtr ufcful commodities, as flax, hemp, and hide?, with manulaflures of li^ nen and Idther, which they export, as well as mafts and naval flores^ bringing home in return, wine, fpice.«, clotli, filk, and rich fluffs, fiise linens, pearls, gems, filver, cop- per, tin, flecl, furs, ^c. But the balance of trade is much againfl tliem, having very few fliips or port-towns bcfides Dantzick. They have fome mines of iron, lead, qnickfilver, vitriol, and fulphur : yet they make more advantage of their f.ilt mines a»d fprings than of any other. Long, from 34 deg. to 50 deg. lat. from 47 deg. 50 min. to 56 deg. 30 min. POLAR, Adj. [folair, Fr. ptlaris, Lat.] found near the pole. Lying near the pole. POLARITY, S, tendency or diredlioii towards the pole. POLE, S. [Fr. pclm, Lat. the extremity of the axis of the earth. A long flatf, from ^^ahis, Lat.] a tjll piece of timber driven into the ground, A meafure containing five yards .uid an half. An lullrument of meafuring, 5 To POLE, POL To POLE, V. A. to furnidi with poles. POLE AXE, S. iui axe fixed to a long pole. POLE-CAT, S. {or peli/b-cat, Co calleJ trom their abounding in Poland] a kinil ot wild cat remarkable lor iliiiking. PO'LEDAVIF.S, S. a fort ot coarfe cloth. I'OLE'MIC, POLE'MICAL, Adj. TrcXe a\iiH, Gr.] controverlial ; relating todifpute. POLEMIC, S. a difputant. POLE'IVIOSCOPF, S. fTToXE^e;, and ^x»- «;'«, Gr.] in optics, is a kind ot crooked or obliqyg peripective glafs, contrived for feeing ohje(Jh that do not lie dire<ftly before the eye. "POLE-STAR, S. a ftar near the pole, by ■vi'hfch mariners compute theii N. latitude. i'ij;iir;;tiv'eiy, any guide or direflor. P O I, PO'LITY, S. \'jo>.:iH<t, Gr.] a form c? government; a civil inllitution. POLL. S. [from ttcX:;, Gr.] the head ; ihc back part of the head. A lift of perfons or heads. A filh generally called a chub or chevin. To POLL. V. N. to lop the tops of trees. To pull off h.nir from. the head; to dip (hort. To mow or crop. T o plunder. To take a lifl or regifttr of perfons. To enter one's name iii a lilt or regifter at an cleftion, as a voter. PO'LLARD, S. a tree-lopp'id. A clipped coin. Thechub-filh. Alfo fmall bran. PO'LLEN, S. fine powder or meal on flower.';. A kind of fine bran. ro'LLER, S. a plunderer. One that cn- PO'LICE, ( Fr.J the regulation or govern- ', ters his name as a voter at an election, ment of a city or country, as far as it refp£<n;s; POLL EVIL, S. a large fwelling, in- the inhabitants flammation, or impodhume in a horfe's poll, PO'LICED, Adj. regulated or formed in- or nape of the neck between the ears near to a fociery. the m..ne. PO'LICV, S. f wo>.,'?£:a, Gr. /.o/.V/i, Lat.] PO'LLO K, S. a kind of fi(h. •he art of government as it rcfpccfts foreign j To POLLU'TE, V. A. [pollutes, from powers. Prudence ia the management of af- \f,cUuo, Lat.] to render unclean in a religious fairs. A flralagem. A warrant for money 1 fenic. To defile. To taint with guilt. To in thepilMic funds. An inflrument or paper corrupt by iome bad mixture, figncd by anv fingle perfon or company to' POLLU'TION, S. the aft of profaning indemnify from lofles by fea or fire. .my holy tiling or place, by fome indecency. To PO LISH, V. A. [polio, Lat. pdlr, Fr ] I The ftate of being defiled, to fmooth by rubbing. To make tleg;:nt or j I'OLTRO'ON, S. a perfon who is afraid well beh.ivtd, applied to manners. To make : of danger. A dallardly coward, perfeft, complete, or elegant. Neutcrly, to PO'LY, S [pc/i m, Lat. J an herb, anfwtr iIk'.i^I of polilhing; to receive a g!off. | PO'LY, [from ttoXu, Gr. | a prefix often POLISH, S. a glofs made by rubbing. | found in compound word.s, fignifies many. F.lcg:mce applied to manners. | POLY'ACOL'S ". ICK, S. [7r»XK';and«x(;y'a>, POLISHER, S. the perfon or inflrument Gr ] any tiling that multiplies or magnifies tliat makes fmcoth or gives a glofs PO'LITE, Ad], ijciitus^ Lat.] glofTy; fnooth; alfo neat, well-behaved, genteel. POLl'TELY, Adv. in an elegant or well- bred manner. POLl'TENESS, S. the quality of behav- ing with elefiant complaifance. POLITIC, AJj. [Tto-K^Mo;, Gr.] civil; in this i'cnCc po'hhal is generally ufed, except- ing when we fay the My Politic. Prudent, artful, cunning. Skilled in the intereft of V ii'>us ftates. COLI'TICAL, Adj. [ffoXJixjc, Gr.] re- lating to the public adminiftraiion of affairs; Cunning. POLI'TICALLY, Adv. [from fcndca!] with relation to public adminiftration. Art- fully; politicly. POLITIC.\'STER, S. a petty ignorant pretender to politics. POLIT T'CIAN, S. one (killed in govern- meiU, or in the interefl of the various fhues of the world. One of artifice or deep con- trivance. PO'LITICS, S. [{eUtiqve, Fr.J the art of governing and well- regulating Hates. founds. POLY'ANTHOS, S. [««\i;'f, and a.Sof, Gr.] a plant. POLYE'DRTCAL, POLY'EDROUS, Adj. [from otoXu sJji/j, Gr. fc/ycdre, Jfr.J having many fides. POLYGAMIST, S. [fiom foligamyl wh» has more ihan one wife at once. POLYGAMY, S. [from ttoXu, and >«/»«{, Gr ] the ftate of having more wivcsthan one at once. PO'LYGLOT, Adj. fwtXuVXKTT.f, Gr. polyglotte, Fr.] having many languages. PO'LY GON, Adj. I from woXi/?, yiwKa, Gr.] a figure of many angles PO'LYGO\AL, Adj. [from /eiyfo*] having many angles. PO'LYGRAM,S.[?roXy"fand>'fov/u«,Gr.] a figure confifling of a great number of lines, POLY'GRAPHY, S. [^roXu'?, and j^fa-fn^ Gr.] the art of writing in fevcral unufual manners or cyphers. POLY'LOGY, S. [-^sAv «, and Xeyof, Gr. J talkativenefs. POLY'MATHY, S [-Kokvi and (xLi^niXt Gr.J the knowledgeof many artsand fciences; PO'LiTURE, S. the 2'o's S'^c'i by the 'alto an acgjair.tancc witii many different clof poliOiinL'. ■ IfuVeils. " J rOLY'PHONISM, POM P O M POLY'PHONTSM, 5. [vo\v<, and ^(wv«, i tTmate friend of Pomfret's, has cleared his Or.] multiplicity of found POLYHETaLOUS, Adj. {troXu, and -iri- TaXcv] having many petals or flower leaves. PO'LYPOUS, Adj. [from folytu,, Lat.] of the nat'jre of a polypus j having many feet or n^ots. PG'LYPUS, S. [fromff«Xyf, Gr. andiro:;;] any thing with many roots or feet. In me- dicine, a tough concretion of .tjriimous blood in the heart and arteries A Avelling ii the noftrils. In natural hiflory, an anin:al \vi:h many feet, approachinj; very near to a vege- table, which when cut into pieces, by prowth fiipplies every part with thofe members it wants to make it a complete animal. PO'LYSCOPE, S. 7.-oXv(, and ^xcwta;, Gr.] a multiplying glaif. POLY'PASr, S. f /.o/v/>fl/?^ Fr.] a ma- chine conhfling of many pullies. POLY'SPERMOUS, Adj. [noXv^, and C-^ipf^r., Gr.J thofe plants are thus called, which have more than four ieeds fucteeding each flower, and this without any certain or- der or number. POLY'SYLLABIC, POLY'SYLLABI- CAL, Adj. [ftom j:oljfy\'!al'/e] having many fyllables. POLYSY'lL'\BLE, S. wXi;:, Gr. and pyXXafii] a «-ord con fi fling of many fyllables. POLY':^YNDRiON, S. [Gr.) 'in rhe- toric, a figure by which a copulative is often repented POLYTHE'ISM, S. [no\vi, Gr. and Bio;] the belief Of many gods. PO'MACE, S. [^cwaaam, Lat.] the drofs of cyder preflings. POMA'DE, S. [Fr./.o«fl</^, Ital.] a fra- grant ointm.*nt. PO'MANDER, S. [potKme d'amhre, Fr,] a fweet bail. A perfumed ball, or powder. POMA'TUM, S. [Lat. from fcmum, Lat. an apple an ointment, fo called from its for- merly having apples as one of its ingredients. To POME, V. N. [fomrfcr, Fr.J to grow to a round head like an apple. POME'CITRON, S. A citron apple. POiVlEGRA'NATE, S. ' pomum grar.atwn^ Lat.] a fruit fo called from the grains of feeds with which it abounds. PO'MtRoY, PO'IMEROYAL, S. [Fr.] an apple. , PO'MFRET, [the reverend Mr. John] was fon of the reverend Mr. Pomfret, xtCiox of Luton in Bedfordfhirf, and he himfelf was preferred to the living of Maiden in the fame county. He was liberally educated at an emi- nent grammar- fchool in the country, from whence he was fent to the univerfity of Cam- bridge, but to what college is not certain; here he wrote mod of his poetical pieces, took the degree of mafter of arts, and very early accompjiflied himfelf in mofl: kinds of polite literature. A gentleman who writes under the name of Philakthes, and who was an in- eputatlon from the charge of fanaticifm, wliich fome of his malicious enemies brouglit againfl him. It was Ihortlyafter his leaving the univerfity, that he was preferred to the living of Maiden abovementioned, and was, fays that gentleman, £> far from being tinc- tured with finaticifm, that I haveoften heaij him exprefs his abhorrence of the deftnictivc tenets maintained by that people, both againft our religious and civil rights. This imputa- tion, it feems, was cart on him by there hav« ing been one of his furname, though not any way related to him, a difTenting teacher, and wiio publifhcd fomerhimes upon fpiritii- al fubjL^ls, About the year 170', Mr- Pom- fret came up to London, for inflitution and induftioii, into a very confi.lerabie living, but was recorded for fome time by a di/gufl taken by Dr. Henry Compton, then Birfiop of London, at thefe four lines in tlieclufe cf his poem entitled, The Choke, And as I near approath'd the verge of life. Some kind relation (for I d have no wife) Should take upon him all my worldly care. While I did for a better flate prepare. But the bilhop was foon convinced that this afperfion againft him, was no more than an effort of malice, as Mr. Pomfret at that time was really married. The oppofition which ins enemies made to iiim had, in fome mca- fure, its effeft; for I)y th:; obflru<fflons he met with, he was obliged to flay longer in London than he intended, and as the fmal? pox then raged in the metropolis, he fickened of them, and died in London, in the 36th year of his age. Mr. Pomfret publifhed Iiis poems in 1699, to which he has prefixed a very modefl and fenfible preface. His poe- tical compofitions confift chiefly of i. The Choice. 2. Cruelty and Luff, an epiffolary effay, founded upon the famous fiory whicli happened in the reign of king James II. Kirk who was that prince's general againll the duke of Monmouth, was fblicited by a beautiful lady in behalf of her hufband, v.'ho then lay under fentence of death. The in- human general confented to grant the fair pe- titioner her requefl ; but at no lefs a price than that of her innocence The lady doated on herhufband, and maintained a hard ftrug- gle between virtue and affcilion, the latter of which at lafl prevailed, and fhe yielded to his guilty embraces. The next morning Kirk, with unparalleled brutality, defired the lady to look out at the window of his bedchamber, when file was flruck with the horrid fight of her hufband upon a fcaffold, ready to receive the blow of the executioner ; and before fhe could reach the place where he was, in order to take a lafV embrace, her l^ufband was no more. 3. Several epiflles to ha? friends un- der afBiiffion. 4. Upon the d^'ine attrihntes.. 5, A profpeffl of dc-ath, 6. Upon the gene- ral conflagration, and the cnfuing judgment. There PON There were two pieces of our author's pub- lifted after his death by' liis friend Phila- ledies ; the firfl of thefe is entitled Reafon ; tlie otlier is entitled DiesNoviflimj, or the lart «piphany, a pindaric ode on Chrift's fecond appearance to judge the world. This is all the account we are favoured with of ihe life and writings of Mr. Pomfret ; a man not def- tiluie either of erudition or genius, 'hi unex- ceptionable mor..ib, though expi>icd to the malice of antagonids. As he was a prudent man, and educated to a profeffion, he was not fulije£l to the ufml neceflities of the poets; but h's fphere beinc^ fomewhat obfcure, and his life unaftive, th'.-re are few incidents re- corded concerning him. i'OMFFEROUS, Adj. [/cwj/i/-. Lat.] in botany, applied to llich plants as bear a large Iruit, covered with a thick, haid rind. PO'MMEL, S. a round ball or knob. The J;nob that bal.nces the l)lac!e of a fword.The protuberant part of a faddle before. To PO'MMEL, V. A. [from [owni^ler, Fr. to variegate] to beat with anything thick and bulky. To beat blii.k and blue. To punch. POMP. S. [p<,»:ljc, Yv.pompa, Lat.J fplen- dov attending pcrfons in high life ; Grandeur. A fplendid and oflentatious procemon. FOMPHO'LIX, S. a white, light, and friable fubflancc found in crullson the domes of furnaces, and the covers of crucibles in which brafs is made. PO'MPION, S. [pompon, Fr.] a pumpkin. PO'MPON, POMPOO'N, S. fFr.J an ornament worn by ladies in the fore-part of their hair. PO'MPOUS, Adj. [poivpcux, Fr.] grand ; fhowy ; fplendid. PO'MPOUSN"ESS,S. magnificence J fplen- dor j fiiowintls ; oflent;itiou(iiers. POND, S. a fniall collecliun of /landing water. To PONDER, V. a: [f:e^Jero, Lat.] to weigh in the mind j to confider. To think or niufc. PO'NDERABr-E, Adj. [from forJao, Xat.] capable to be weighed ; mealurable by fcales. PONDER A'TION, S. lhomfcni!ero,Lst.] the adt of weighing. PONDHRO'SI i Y, S. [£vnm ponderous] weight. The quality of being heavy. PO'NDi ROUS, Adj. [frompordus, Lat.] heavy, weighing mncli. Of importance or jjiomcnt. Forcilile or vehement. PO'NDEROUjNFSS, S. the quality of weighing much. J'O'NKNT, Adj. [pcnerte, Ital ] weflern. PO'Ni.'^R.D, ii. • poign..rd, Fr. pug: j, Lat.J a dagijer or lh:/rt fword. To PO NIARD, V. A. to Hab with a po- ii-nrd. I'ON'K, S. a no(fli!rnal fpirit ; a hag. PO'NT.-. G t, S, {pons, pontis, bi idgej duty jiaiJ (qt the reparation of bric'.^es, POP PO'NTIFlF, ^.{poMife, Yr.pontlfex, Lat.] a high pricft or pope. PONTPfJCAL, Adj. belonging to the high priclL Belonging to the pope. Bridge- building, f torn pons, Lat. a bridge, znAfjcio, Lat. to make. " By wonderous r,rt-/>ow^'- cal.'" Par. Lcji. PecuHar to Milton in the lad fenfe, and perhaps intended as a fatyrical pun again fl popery, PONTPFICAL, S. {pontificale, Lat.] a book of pontifical rites and ceremonies. PONITFICATE, S. [ponujicat, Yr.pon- iijjciisy Lat.] the office and dignity of a pope. PO'NTIFJCE, S. {pons and facio, Lat.] bridge-v;ork ; edifice of a bririge. PO'N'TON, PONTOO'N, S. [Fr.] a floating-brislge, made of two boats, placed at a didance from each other, planked over, to- gether with the interval between them, with rails on the fides, and ufcd in pafling both horfcs and cannon. Sec. over a river. The boats ufed in making a floating-bridge. PO'NY, S. [perhaps from puny, or puifne, Fr.] a fmall horfe. POOL, S. Ipahs, Lat.] a lake, or large coUeiffion of deep snd danding water. A re- fervoir of water fupplied by fprings and dis- charging the furplus by lluices. POOP, [p',i!{>,ir.puppls, Lat.] the higheft or uppermod part of a ihip's hull or dern. POOR, Adj. Ipawvre, Fr. pauper, Lat.] in want of money or the neceflaries of life. Applied to value, of fmall wonh, trifling. Wean, contemptible. Humble, or unimpor- tant, applied to opinion. Mean, low, ab-jcft. A word of tendernefs, implying a perfon or thing to be an object of pity and affe(ftion. " My poor chiidJ" Wretciied. Unfit for any purpofe. The poor, ufcd colleflivcly the low- ed order of a community, who have neither riches, intered, nor power. Barren or drv, applied to foil. Without fpirit, orftrength, applied to liquors, POO'RLY, Adv. without money, intcreft, power, or the neced'ariesof life. With Imall fuccefs, drength, worth, or importance. POOR. JOHN, S. a kind of fifh. POOR'NESS, S. want of money, power, Intereft, dignity, or the neceflaries of liie. Want of friiitfulnefs, applied to foil. FOP, .S. a fmall, fmart, and quick found. To POP. V. N. tomal;c a fmall and quick found. To move or enter with a quick, fud- den, and unexpc<rtcd motion. POPE, S. [p^ipa, Lat.] the bidiop of Rome, who claims fovcrcign power over all ccclefiadics and civil governors, as being the vicegerent of God ; the immediate fucceflor of St. Peter ; endowed with infallibility, and invcded with the keys of I'.caven and hell. A fifh, likewifc called a ruff, refeni- bling a perch in Ihape, but never grows big- ger than a gujgccn. POPE, [Alexander] dcfcended of a good fanriily bybeth his parents, hot i-"jui:cSj 1688, POP 'H London, where his father was then a con- Jiderabie merchant. He was taught to read \ ery early by an aunt, and learned to write without any affiftance, by copying printed books, which he executed with great neat- -.is and exaiT^nefs. The family being of the I omiih religion, he was put, at eight years of ;e, under the direftion of one I'averner, a , 1 icft, who taught him the rudiments of the Latin and Greek tongues together. He im- bibed thcle elements of claflical learning with the greatefl facility, and at the firft /ight of the poets difcovered at once botii the pe- culiar bent of his inclination, and the excel- lency of his genius. About this time acci- dentally meeting wich Ogilby's tranflation of J-iomer, he wss fo much (truck with the force «f the fiery, that notwithllanding the bad- iiefs of the verfirication, Ogiiby becaoie a favourite book. The Ovid of Sandys fell next in his way, and it is faid, that the rap- tures thefe tranflations gave him were fo flrong, th:-t he fpoke of them with pleafure all his life after. Fr«m this private tutor he was fent to a popifh feminary at Twyford, near VV inchefier, whence he was removed to a fchool at Hyde-park-corner. He was now about ten years of age, and being carried fomeiimes to the playhoufe, the fight of thoie theatrical reprefentations put him upon turning the chief events in Homer into a kind of play, made up of a number of fpeeches from Ogilby's tranflation, conneded by verfes of liis own.. He perfuadcd the upper boys to aft this piece; the mailer's gardener reprefent- ed the charafter of Ajas, and the adfors were dreflcd after the printsof hisfavourite Ogiiby, which indeed make thebed part of that book, bciugdcfigned and engraved byartiflsof note. In the mean time, he was (o unfortunate as to lofe, under his two laft maUets, what he had ac4uired under the firlt. In this condition, at 12 years of age, he retired with his parents to I'.infield, in \Vindlbr-Fore(t, and, at iiis firlt coming, it is faid, was put under another pried for a few months, but wiih as little fuccels as before; fo that he refolved to become his own inafter. Tlii.s country retreat, however, fuit- ed his melancholy and rcfledlive temper; and it was about tliis time that he wrote his Ode on folitude, which appears as the firft-fruitsof his poetical genius. It was heie too that he firrtperufed the writings of Waller, of Spencer, and of Dryden. But on the full fight of Dry- t!cn he abandoned tiie red, having now found an author whofc cad wa? extremely cor.genial with his own. His works he dudicJ with c- tjual pleafure and attention ; placed tiiem be- fore hi» eyes as a mo.iel : in lliort, he copied not only l)is harmonious vcrfification, but tlie very turns of his periods. And hence u was that he bcc.ime enabled to give to rhyme all the horjTiony of which it is capable, liin- fieli being near Kad-Hamp(tcad, Vihcrc Sir \\'iirum i riimbu'.l then refided, our young POP genius wa.^ introduced into the acquaintance of that gentleman, who being (liuek with admiration at his extnmrdinaiy parts, and plcafed with his good fciifc, gave him great encouragement. In the mean time, mafier. Pope was not wanting to hinifcif, in improv- ing his talents for poeiiy. At )4ycarsoldhe had con)po/ed feveral elegant pieces. At 15 he had acquiied a ready habit in the two learned languages, to whlcli he foon after added French and Italian. lie now thought himfelf able to undertake an epic poem, and fet about writing his Alcander this year j but the performance, as m';ilit i)e expefttd, was a glaring proof of childiih folly. However, he had il-nfe and modedy enough to keep it in his lludv ; and in his riper years fpoke of it with franknefs and ingenuity, that does mere than atone for the forwardncfs of his attempt. And the following yea' , 1704, he entered upon a talk more faituble to his age, his Fadorals, which brought him into th.e acquaintance of fome of the mod eminent wits of that time. He communicated thefe fird toMr. \Vycherly,who was highly pleafcd with them, and fent a copy of them to Mr. Walfli. This introduced him into the ac- quaintance of that gentleman, who proved a very fincere friend to him, and havi:!g imme- diately dircerned that our poet's chief talent lay not fo much in drikingout new thoughts of his own, as improving thofe which he borrowed from the ancients, and an Cjfy ver- fification, told him, among other things, that there was one way left open for him to excel his prcdcccllbrs, and that wascorrcilnefs ; ob- ferving, that though we had feveral great po- ets, yet none of them were correct ; he there- fore advifcd him to mske that l;is (ludy. 1 he advice v.as not lod : Mr. Pope received it very gratefully, and obfcrved it very diligent- ly, lliis year, 1704, he wrote alio the fird part of his Windfur Fored, though the whole was not publidied till 1710, withadedica- tion to loid LandfJown, whom he mentions as one of his earhed acquaintance. Mr. \Vy- cherly was another, fo thefe, befides Bo- lingbroke and WalHi, he adds Congrevc, Garth, Swift, Talbot, Somers, and Sheffield, as perli.Mis with whom he was not only con- vcriant, but beloved. At the age of iS, he was grown fo hijih in the edecm of Mr. W'ychcily, that he thought him capable of corrcitiiig 'jis poems which had been damn- ed, fo as tlicv might appear again in print, i'ope complied with the requed, and executed it with cqiul freedom and judunicnt. Eut the faults proved 100 mar)y for the author of them to be told of ; he was old, i)ccame jea- lous, and condrueii his young mader's inge- nuity and plain-deajing, into want of refpc(fl. Not only the defign of iiiblilliing was dropt, but all corn-fpondence with tlie correftor fuf- pended. 1 his ur.gcuerous rctur.i was liveJy rcfenicd !)}• ?,Ir. Pope, /.u J though AVyclier- hy POP ley was piev:iiled with afterwards, by the nied'ution of a common friend, to refuine the correfpondence, ytt this went no further tlian bare complailance. However, feme time after Mr. Wycherlcy's death, his poems being repiiblifhed by fonic mercenary hand, 1728, our author in the following year print- ed feveral letters that had palled between POP of the Sylphs ; and in that new drefs thtf two cantos, extended to five, came out the following year 1712, ulhered by a letter to Mrs. Fcrmor ; to whom he afterwards ad- drelTcd another, which is erteemed far fupe- rior to any of Voiture. 1 his year he pub- lilhtd his Temple of Fame, hriving, accord- ing to his iifua! caution, kept it two ytars in them, in vindication of Mr. Wychcrley's his fhuy. I hat objeft of the univerfal paf- good name, againll fome mifconrtruftions , fion was full upon his thoughts at that time, prefixed to that edition Our pact's conduft, ] He had been from the firft fttling out in full throughoutthis whole trying .-rtair, wasgreat- j (Iretcii after it, and fav/ it now within his ly above his years. His efTay on criticifm, reach ; accordingly wc find him in high fpi- though wrote fo early as 1708, yet placed rits, diverting himfclf with the ladies, to him among thofc of the firft r.mk in Lis art. lone of whom he fent a copy of his Teinple, He w.is not yet 20 years old, fo that t very ! with an humorous epi^>ram ; by the lettct' body flood amazed to find fuch a knowledge | which accompanied this, it appears, .hat he of the world, fuch a maturity of judgment, Ihad now began to trdnfl.ne Homer's Iliad, and fuch a penetration into human nature, and made a great pro^reis in it, and in 1713, as are there difplayed ; iniomuch that it be- | he gaveoutpropofalsfor puhlilhing that tranf- eame a fiibiciff for the criticks to difplay their ! lation by fubfoiption. He had been prefTcd profoundcit (kill in accounting for it. Mr. I to this undcrtakng fome years before by fome Pope's gL-nius ripening thus early, vvasow-'of his friends, and was now greatly encou- jng, it is fa\d, to a happy conjuniflure of con- j raged in the defign by others. And the fuc- cunrng ciicumffancei. He was happily fe- crfs was fuch, as mufi: needs at fwcr, if not cured trom falling into the cebauchcries of exceed his moft fanguine expeftation ; he women and wine, (the too frequent bane of lacquiied a confiJeraMe for une by a noble hopefol youth) by the weaknefs and delicacy [fublcription, that did honour to the king- of his conititution. and tire had (iate of hisjdom. He faw all parties and denominations health. The fcnfud vices were too violent 'join in it, nalwithllanding the underhanded for fo tender a fiame ; he iiever fell into in- praiffices of ibme pretended friends, who in temperance or diflipatiou, which is of the vain oppoled the (Iream ; at the he.\d of greatefl: confajuence in prcferving the facul- ■ which was found Mr. Addifan. Our au- lies of t!ic mind in due vigour. Put how I thor had long nn awful veneration for that triumphant foever may he the merit of the j rival, the confcioufnefs of which fervecf cllay on criticifm, yet it was flill dnpalled in j to fet a keener edge upon his rcfentmcnt a poetical view by The rape of the lock, now ; but though the fenfe of fo much This poem took its birth from an incidental 'treachery and falfcnefs tingled in every vein, quarrel tiiat happened hetweLii the two noble lyet he m.inaged it w,tli the niceft prudence,- families of loid fVtri.', and Mrs. Fermor, | and at laft revenged it by a fatire, which does both of our author's acquaintance, andoflhonour to himlclf. Thus with admirable the fai«e religion. His lordlhip. in a paity of ! tenjper and fpirit he preferved his dignity j pleafure, carried it fo far, as to cut off a fa- j and keeping his mind attentive to every vourite lock of the L>dy's hair. "1 his, tho' means that might render his tranfiation more done in a way of gallantry, was fcrioully re- perfe£l, he took a journey, a little before the fentcd, as being indeed a leal injury. Hence, death of queen Anne, to Oxford, to confult theie prefcnlly grew mutual animofities, i fome books in tiic Bodleian and otiier libra- •which being fcen with concern by a couimon j ries there ; and the firfl part of liis propofal friend to ail ; that friend requelted Pope to j was delivered to the fubfcribers the following try the power of his miife on the occafion, jyear. His finances were now pvt into fuel* intimating that a proper piece of ridicule a fioarilhing (late, that he refolved to place was the likelieft means to c>;tingui(h the himfelf nearer his tnends in the capital ; in riling flame. Pope readily complied; and | tlut view, the fmall afl'air at Binfield being thejunfliire requiring difpatch, his iirft de- fold, he purchafcd a houfe at Twickenham^ fiiin was compleatcd in lefs than a fortnight, j whither he removed with his father and mo- which being fent to the Jady, had more than I ther before the expiration of this year. His tlie propofeJ efTctft. I'leaild to the higheft I father furvivcd this removal only two years. degice with the delicacy of the cumpliment paid to her, (he firfl communicated copies of it to her acquaintance, and then prevailed with our author to print it ; as he did, tho' no: wit!. out the caution of concealing his name to.fo hally a fl;ctch. But the univer- sal appliuft w'dth the fKCtch met wit!i, put He was buried at Twickenham, and his fon- created a monument to his momery, with art infcription celebrating his innocence, probity, and piety. As the old gentleman was a Ro- man catholic, he could not purchafe, nor put his money to intereft on real fecurity, and a* hx adhered tp the interefl of king James, he upon cnriclimg it uith the machiner) | made it a f oiiU of confcicnce, not to lend it 1 . 1 to- POP Vo the new government; fo that tlioujh he was worth near 20,000 pounds when he left ofi bufinefs, from the fame principles at the re- vokition : yet afterwards living upon the ftock, he left our poet to the management of fo narrow a fortune, that any one filfe ftep .would have been fatal. In 17 7, Mr. Pope publiftied a col!e£lion of all his poetical pieces ; he gave his edition of Shakefpear, in 1721. The Iliad being finiftied, he under- took the Odyfiey. And that work being compleatcd in 1725, the following year was employed, in concert with his aflociatcs, dean Swift and doctor Arbuthnot, in printing feveral volumes of mifctllanies. About this time he narrowly efcaped lofing his life, as he was returning home in a friend's chariot ; which, on paffing a bridge, Irippened to he overturned, and tiirown with the horfcs into the river ; the glafies were up, and he not able to break them, fo that he was in imme- diate danger of drowning, when the poftili- on, who had juft recoveied himfelf, came to his relief, broke the gbfs which was iipper- xnoft, took him out, and carried him to the bank ; but a friigment of the broken glafs cat one of his hands fo defperately, that he lofl the ufe of two of his fingers. His f:.tire of the Dunciad cameout in 1727. Our poet had bore the infultr, of his enemies full 10 ■years before he hizarded a general battle ; he was all that while climbing the hill of Par- SafTus, during whici), he could not forbear fome flight fkirmifhes, and the fuccefs of thefe was of ufe, in fhewing him his fupc- rior ftrength, and thereby adding confidence to his courage ; but he was now featcd fafely on the fummit. Befides, he had obtained, what in his own opini in is the happiefl: end of life, the love of v;iluable men ; the next felicity he declares, was to get rid of fools and fcoundrcls ; and to that end, he fudden- Jy fell upon them with his inefiftible pen. 1 he poem cautioufly made its firft appeirance as a maflted battery in Ireland j nor, indeed, was the triumph complcateJ, without the af- POP entertained fome thoughts of nnderf akin" sn epic poem; which, however, proved abor- tive. In the interim, feveral of his familiar letters havmg fto e into public, without his privity, he publiftied a genuine coJlc<flion of them in 1737. About this time he fell into the acquaintance of the preftnt bifhop of Glouteder, (then Mr. Warb ir'on) who had publiflied a vindication of the Elliy on Man, againft Mr. Crouiaz, a French writer ; and that poem was published in 1740, with Ids lea.-ned friend's commentary. In 1742, our author added a fourth book to the Dunciad ; and in the year after, his wide poem came out together, as a fpecimen of a more correct edition of his works, which he had then re- folved to give the public, but did not live to compleat this defign. lie laboured under great deformity of perfon, and had all his life been fubjeil to an habitual headach: that hereditary complaint was now greatly increafed by a dropfy in his breafi-, under which he expired May 30, 1744, in the 56th year of his age. JHis body was depofi- ted, pursuant to his own requcfl, in the fame vault with thofe of his paients. Lord Or- rery, late lord Cork, ohferves, " that if we " may judge of him by his works, his cliirf " aim was to be efteemad a man of virtue ; " his letters are written in that file; h's " laft volumes are all of the moral kind. " His profe writings are little lefs harmoni- " ous than his verfe ; and his voice, in com- " mon converfation, was fo naturally mufi- " cal, that Southern ufed to call him the " little nightingale. His manners were de- " licate, eafy, and engaging ; and he treated " his friends with a poiitenefs that charm- " ed, and a generofity that was mucli to " his honour. Eveiy gueft was made happy " within his doors, pleafure dwelt under hij " re>of, and elegance prefided at his taiile " Mr. Pope bequeathed a little before his de.ith, to Dr. Warburton, the property of all fuch of his works then printed, as he had written, or ftiould write commentaries upon, and had fiftance of our author's undoubted fecond, j not been otherwise difpofed of or alienated dean Swift. It made anew appearmce, printed at London, in 1722. This edition was pre fented to the king and »jueen by Sir Robert "Walpole. Id 1729, by the advice of lord Eo- lltigbrokc, he turned his pen to fubjeif^s of moraliry, and accordingly wc find him, with the affiftanceof that friend, at work this year upon his Efliiy on man. His Ethic epiltles came cut fepar.itely in the cciirfe of the two following years The clamour raifed againft one of thefe, put him upoii writing fatit^s, in which he ventured to attack the charaifters of fome ptrfons of high rank. The afhont was refcnted in fuch a manner, as provoked him to let loofe the whole fury of his fatiri- cal rage againft them, which was poured forth in r>roie and verfe. After this he continued Writt ng iatires till the year 1739, when he PO'PRDOM, _S. [from/c/.f, znidoK, Sax.] the office or dignity of a pope. PO'PERY, S. the mode of worfhip, m which the pope is acknowledged th." hcd of the church. PC'PESF.YE, S. the ghnd in the middle of the thigh furrounded with fat; perhaps fo called from its being as tender as the eye, and when pierced with any inftrument, attended witli immediate death. PO'PGUN, S. a gun made of a piece of wood bored through, which is charged with pellets of hemp or brown paper, and played, with by children. FO'riNJ.A Y, S. \ f>ape(ray, Ee''^-papr7(^i!yo, Span.JaparrotjCr wood pecker. A tiifiinglop. PO'PIsII, Adj. belong!-^ to the pope, or popery. rOPXAR, f» O R FOR ■ POTLAR, S. [feuplier, Yx.p->p::bst Lat.J a tree. PCPP'Y, S. {pop:g. Sax. papaver, Lat.] a phnt, with a rtddilh flower, which grows in the lields among corn. PO'FULACE, PO'PLLACY, S. [Fr.] the viilj^ar or lowefl rank of people. POPULAR, Adj. IpopiiiMe. ¥ v. popula- rise Lat.] vulgar or of the lowelt order, ap- plied to rank, buitcd to the capacity of the common people. Beloved by ih.e people. Studious of the favour of the people. POPULARITY, S. the qujlity of being beloved by the people. PO'PULaRLY, Adv. in s popular miin- ner, accordh.g ro vulgar conception. To PO'PULATE, V. N. [populus, Lat.] to breed or incre.ife people. pOPJL.VilON, S. the rtate of a coun- try, with refpeift to the number of its iuha- bitants. POPULO'SITY, the quality of abounding in people. POPULOUS, Adj. [prpnloj'i/s, Lat.] a- bounding in people ; well inhabited. PO'PULOUSNESS, S. the quality of a- bcunding in people. PO'RCELAIN, S. china or china ware ; a composition of a middle nature between earth and glafs. An herb. POPvCH, S. [pcrc.be, Fr. pcnirtis, Lat.] a roof fupported by pillars befoic a door. A portico or covered walk. PO'RCUPINE, S, [porcefpine, or epic, Fr. poncfpino, Ital.] an animal when full grown of the fize of a cat ; its neck is iTiort and thick, its nofe blunt, and noltrils very large, in form like (lits ; its upper lip is cleft like that of a hare, and its whifkers are like thoic of a cat ; its eyes are fma'l, and its ears very like u ofe of riie human fpccics ; its legs ai e fhort, the hinder feet have five toes, and ilic fore feet only four; its tail is fouror five inches PO'RKET, S. a yo\ing fiog. PO'RKLING, S. a young pig. POllO'^slTY, S. [from ponusl the quality of having pores. POROUS, Adj. \pcrcux, Fr.] having fmall apertures or interiticcs detweeii the par- ticles. PO'ROUSNESS, S. the quality of having pores. POR'PHYRE, PORPHYRY, S. [•ko;<^v pa, Gr.J a kind of marble of a brown or red colour, frequently intcrfperfed with white fpots. POR'POTSE, PORTUS, S. [fo-c, feiff<.n^ Fr.] the fea hog. PORRA'CEOUS, Adj. [from porrum^ L-Jt. i greenifli. PORRE'CTION, S. [porreaie, Lat.] the a(\ of llretching forth. POR'RIOGE, S. [from par, fnkac. Six. porrtim, Lat. a leek] broth or liquor made by boiling meat in water, with leeks and other Iierbs. POR'RINGER, S. [from porridge'] a vef- fel in which broth is eaten. L'fed for a head- drclsin Shakefpear's time, from its refembling la porringer ; in the fame manner iS ^trauhct or tycnchcr-cap, "is fo called at Oxford, iScc. from its refembling a trcr.cbcr. POP^.T, S. [Yv.pontts, Lat,] a harbour or fjfe ftation for ftips. A gate, from port. Sax, forte, Fr. porta, Lat. an aperture in a fhip through which the guns are put out. Car- riage or behaviour. A kind of wine fo called, from Oporto. To PORT, V. A. [fcrto, Lat.porter, Fr.] to carry in form. PO'RTABLE, Adj. [/^orw^i/ij, Lai.] that which may be carried j fuch as may be cndursd. PO'RTADLEXESS, S. the quality of be- ing portable. PO'RTAGE. S. [Fr.] the price of car- long, bcftt with fpines in an annular ferics ; riage. A p' rt-hole. its body is covered with quills, which on the PO'RTAL, S. [porta!, Fr. pcrtaHa, TtaL] ihouldcrs, fides, belly, and thighs, are black, I a g.ue. The arch under which a gate ;ind on the b:ick, hips, and loins, brown, ■variegated with black. PORE, S. [Fr. OTc'c©-, Gr.] a pafHige or aperture in the (kin ; anynairow pafliigc. 7Jc Imall intcrflicM between the particles of mat- ter v.Ireh confiitute bodies. To PORF, V. N. [wop^, Gr.] to look at with grc.it iiitenrenefs. PfTRRBI.IND, Adj. [commonly written p:!rH:rd\ nc:ir fightcd ; fhort-fightcd.' PO'KINESS, S. the quality of abounding in pores. PO.IIS'TICK ivethod. In mathematics, IS that wliich determines when, by what mc.-.ns, and liow many different ways a pro blcm may be folved. FORK, ii. [pore, Fr. parens, Lat. J Avlnc's flefh. POTn-KUR, S. a full rrown hog. A pig. opens. PO'RTANCE, S. [from porter, Fr.] mien ; port ; demeanor. PORTA'TIYE, Adj. [Fr.] that may be carried from place to place. PORTCU'LLIS, PORTCLU'SE, S. [por- rcc::rii/'e, Fr from pcrti-: c!anp, I^at.] a ma- chinTlike a harrow, hung over the gate of a city, to let down to keep an enemy out. To PORTCU'LLIS, V. A. to bar or (hut up. PCRTED, Adj. [porter] borne m a cer- tain regular or folen-.n manner. To POKTE'ND, V. A. [porter.do, Lat.] to forelhow or betokc/i. POPLTE'NSION, S. tlw: aft of fore- to!-i*ning. rORTF/NT, S. \portenti!>'^,\.;\t ] an omcQ' or p-?'.!i\'y, foi-cfccwir-g fomething ill. POR- PO R iPiDRTE'NTOUS, Adj. {forttrtcfus, Lat.] betokening i'omethin^ ill. PO'RTER, S {fiiiier, Fr.] one that has the charge of a-gate. One who carries bur- then?, from porteur, of porier, Fr. f/orto, Lat. to carry. A kind of liquor much ufed in Lon- don, fo called, bLcaufe drank chie.'iy by por- ters, &C. PO'RTER AGE, S. money paid or due to a porter for carrying. PO'RTGL^VE, S. \f otter s.nA glaw, Fr. and Erfej a fword-bearer. POR'TICO, S. [Ital. pertUus, Lat.] a covered w.5lk, whofe roof is fupporttd by pilLirs. PO'RTION, S. \Yr.porito, Lat.] a part; a part affigncd a perfon. A ^.ividend. A fortune given to a child, or paid at, befnre, oi- after marriage. To PO'RT ION, V. A. to divide among feveral. To endow with a foitune. PO'RTIONER, S. one that divides. PO'RTLAND, a pminl'ulain Dorfetlliire, vhich is of great ftrcngth both by nature ;ind art, being furrounded with inacccinble rocks, except at the landing place, where there is a ftrong cadle called Portland Caflle, bu'lt by king Henry VIIL There, is but one chuich in the iiland, and that (lands fo near the Tea, that it is often in danger from it. But this pcninfula is cliiefiy noted for the fiee-l'one which is got hire, and greatly employed in London for building thinned ftrii£lures, and particularly St. Paul's church was built there- with. Long. 15. lat. 50. 30. PO'RTLINESS, S. dignity of mcin or air. PO'RTLY, Adj. of noble mien or air. Bulky. PO'RTMAN, S. an inhabitant or bur- gefs, as thofe of the cinque ports. PORTMA'NTEAU, S. [pa'temavteau, Fr.] a cheft or kind of bag, in which deaths are carried. PO'RTOTSE, S. in fca language, applied^ to a Ihip wiiith riles with her yards ihuck down to tiic deck. PO'RTRAIT, S. [poutrak, Fr.] a pic- ture drawn from the life. To PO'R I RAl r, V. A. [pourtraWe, Fr.] to draw from the life. For'.racy is molt proper. PO'RTRAITURE, S iFr.] a piaurc or refemblance drnwn from the life. To PORl RA'Y, V. N. [pourtrah-e, Fr.] to paint, or adorn witii picftutcs. PO'RTO BELLO, or St. PHILIP DE PORTO BELLO, a town of Daricn, on Terra Firma Proper, on the narrowed part of the ifthmus, which joins Nor'h and South America. Here is a large commodious har- bour, from its extent and ftcurity denomi- nated the Fine Harbour by Chriflophcr Co- lumbus, It ha.? good ancliorage and (belter for (hipping ; and, though its entrance is very wide, it is well dcfencied by iron Caflle, which ftandson tht N. point tlicreof. The P O R S. fide is full of rifts and rocks, the rridillfi of the channel has from nine or ten to fif- teen fathom wa:er, and a good bnttom. On theS. fide ot the haibour is Gloria caflle, to the E. of which begins the tr>«n, hav- ing before it a point of land which projcd^s into the liaibour. On tliis point (food fort St. Jcrom. All thefe v.ere dcmolidied in i7';g, by admiral Vernon ind commoJo'e Brown, who took this town and port with fix (hips only. Nor'h-weft of Gloria caflle is theanchoring place for large fiiips ; hut fmall- er veflels come further up; and 1 50 toil'es from St. Jerom's fort \V. j 4th N. is a Amd- bank, on which is only a fathom and a half ot water. PO'RT-ROYAL, a Tea port town of A. merica, in the idiind of Jamaica. It was once one of the finelt (ea-port towns in A* merica, aboimding in riches and trade j but it is now but a fmall place, and yet it con-* lifts of three handfome (treets, with feveral crofs lanes, and a fine church. '1 he har- bour is one oi' the beft in the world, and icoo fliips may ridetherein, frcure fiom every wind that cm blow. It is fix miles E. of Spanifli-town, and as mixh by water S c. of Kingfton. Long. 300. ■^i;, lat. 17. 30. PO'RTSMOUTH, S. a mayor- town a-d fea port town of Hampfhire, Tt is tlic kev of Fngland on that fide, and a regular fortifica- tion, at the entrance of a crtek of Porttcy illanJ, which is about fourteen miles in cir- cuit, and furrounded at high tides by tlie Tea water, of wb.ich fait is made h<:re; alfo joined to the continent hy a bridge, where was anciently a fmull'eaflle and town called Port Perus or Porichefter, at which Vefpa- fian landed; it lay at the upper end of the creek, but upon the letiring of the fea, the inhabitants followed it ; and this gave rife to the building of the prcfcnt town. Here is one of the principal chambers for buildint'; and laying up the royal navy, being furnifhed with wet and dry docks, and vnft mugazines of naval and military (lores, bic. It has a good counterfcarpeand double moat, with ravelines in the ditth, double palifidocs and works for covering the pl.^ce where molt acccfHljIe, 7 he town is ftrong on the LnJ (Jde, by the fort fi- cations round the docks and yirds ; belide.'S more ground has been lately purchafed for additional works. The lead iuiml)er of men continually einploytd in the yard. is jcco; which nimibcr is greatly increafcd in time of war. In (horr, the docks and lards are a kind of marine coiponiion within theiTi- filvcs. The fill! of I'ortfmouth is low. and fo full of water and ditches iis to be reckoned agueifh. The flieets arc not ova- ciean, and confcqucntly ths effluvia iiof veiyfavoury; but the continual reforl '",'" feanren, fol.lier.";, &c. render it alw^v, full of penple. The inns and taverr.i rre peipctually crouded ; l)iit [he iandlo-1": Liills arc not the niult niodcra'e. Ji * i> 'ihc P O R ^ t- place is in want of frefh water; and though liruited in a plentiful country, yet the gveat confumption makes all forts of pro- ■■'.ons Jcdr ; as are alfo lodging'; and fuel. .re :s I garrifoa and deputy-governor. The v'l. :'::-.ds two members to parliament. The • !rc!'. is large and fair. From the watch- „is on the top of the (leeple is a fine prof- a of the harbour, as well as of Spithead, oei-e ihips ride before they come in, lying ?.)rtfniouth and the Ille Oi' Wight. Hi,e new quay for laying up cannon. , -.....-id liil of fhips may ride fafe in the .rbour. the mouth of which, not fo broad t;i:-Th jmes atWeftminfter, is fcoured on the _.. :port fide by four forts, and a platform of ; ..ve twenty great guns level with the water, id on the other fide by South-fca caftle. The markets here are on Tuefday, Thurf- day, ai*d Saturdav, with a fair on July lo, for Ihoemakers, hatters, milhners, mercers, cutlers, cabinet-makers, linen and woollen- drapers, filveiTmiths, apparel ready made, and bed- furniture, &c. On the adjoining heath a fuburb has been built, which for numbc'- of inhabitants and beauty of the hoiifes, is like to ontftrip the town itfelf ; here the f'liiors are entertained by the ladies of plcafure, as they are at Amfterdam, &c. and is independent of the garrifon. Portf- mouth gave title of duchcfs to king Charles lid's favourite miftrcfs Louifa de Querouaille. It lies twenty miles S. of Winchefter, and fevcnty-two S. W. of London. Lat. 50 deg. and 48 min. N. long, i deg. 6 min. \V. PO'R I'UGAL, the Roman Ltifitania, a kingdom in Kurope, which is bounded north- wards by Galicia, in Spain, and divided from it by the river Minho next the lea, and by fome imall rivers and hills further in- land towards the E. The \V. and S. fides arew:i(hcd by the Atlantic ocean, including the little kingdom of Algarve on the S. And on the W. the river Guadiana parts the laft- mentioned kingdom from Andalulia : whence drawing a line northwards, Portugal confines onAndalufia, Spanifh Eftramadura, and Le- on.' Its whole extent from N. to S. is about goo miles, that is, from lat. 37 to 42 deg. N. and 118 in breidth from E. to W. name- ly, about the middle ; which is from long. 7 to 9 deg. W. and where narroweft next Al- garve, about 60. This kingdom of Portu- gal has ftood now above 600 years, in a fuc- ccffion of 24 princes ; the firft of which, Alphonfo, began his reign 1140. Its mo- narchs are abfolute ^r home, and own no fii- perior abroad : in both their power is defpo- tic, and their will the only law. The Por- tuguefe dominions abroad were formerly very cxten-Iive and rich, but they have been very much curtailed by the Dutch. They fiill, however, pofiefs in America the vaft province of Bralil, being fo in length along the lea though extremely narrow towarcb the inland. P o s The produce and profits of it are rcckon;d very confiderable in fugar, tobacco, ginjer, cotton, indigo, hides, and dyers-wood, &c. They have alio the Azores or leroeia iflands, and thdt of Madeira W. of Poruigal : in A- frica th: Cape Vc.d ilbnds, the fort oFMar- zageo, on the coafts of Raibary ; Mina and Arquin on thofe of Guincy, with feveral more on the, coafts of Congo and Angola ; Mozambique on thofe of Zraigucbar : and in Af;a, Coa, Diu, Datnan and Chaul, on thofe of Tonquebar ; and on the coaft of China the town of Macao; but this hft, thoi>gh moftly inhabited by Portugiiefe, is entirely fubjcft to the Chinefe, FO'RY, Adj. I from fore] full of pores. To POSE, V. A. ta perplex or confound with a difficulty PO'SER, S. one that puzzles with diffi- culties. POSITED, Adj. [po/Jtus, Ltit.] placed. POSITION, S. [Fr. f>cfir;o, Lat.j the ft ite of being placed. Situation. A principle laid down. In grammar, the (late of being placed before two eonfonants or a double con- fonant, POSI'TIONAL, Adj. rcfpefting pofition. PO'SITIVE, Adj. Ipojlfif, Fr. fcftnws, Lat.] capable of being alTirmed. Real ; ab- folute. Stubborn in opinion. Settled by arbitrary appointment. Certain. PO'SITiVELY, A<3v. abfoiutely j cer- tainly. PO'SITIVENESS, S. aaualnefs. Confi- dence in opinion. POSITIVPTY, S. confidence; ftubborn- nefs in opinion. " Courage and f>o/ith/ity,'^ Wotts. A low word. PO'SITURE, S. [fefdura, Lat.] the manner in which a thin'^is placed. PO'>.NET, S. {ixom bajfinet, Fr,] a little bafon or porringer. PO'SSii, S. [Lat.] an armed power ; from fo^'i co7>:itatus, Lat. the power of a fhire. ■ To POSSE'SS, V. A. IpcJ'cJfus, Lat.] to enjoy. To have in one's power j to enjoy as a mafter. To feize. POSSE'SSION, S. the ftate of having in one's hands or power. The thing enjoyed by a perfcn. POSSES'SIVE, Adj. having pofTefTion. Plurally, in grammar, Adje^ives, which fiTnify the poii'clTion of, or inheritance in fome thing. POSSE'SSOR, S. [pojcffiur, Fr. pojfefor, Lat.] an owner, or proprietor ; one that has any thing in his hands. PO'SSET, S. \fofca, Lat.] milk curdled with treacle, wine, or any acid. To PO'SSET, V. A. to turn or ciirdlc milk with wine, treacle, or acids. POSSIBI'LITY, S. [foffibUit^; Fr.] the quality of being to be done by the excrtioa of power. PO'SSIBLE, Adj. [¥t. fcjiiilh, Lat.] ha- ving P o s vin^ the power to be done. Not inconfiflent with the nature of things. PO'SSIBLY, Adv. to bedonc by any power exi fling; perhap'^- POST, S. [foffe, Fr.] a haffy niefTfngcr ; one employed in carrying letters. A ijuick and expeditions manner of travelling. A It- tuatioii, or feat. A military ftaiion. Place or office. A piece of timber fet up eredl:. To POST, V. N. [fcfter, Fr.J to travel with fpeed. A^ively, to fix on a port in dif- grace. To place i.r fix. In commerce, to enter the articles on their proper fides in a ledger. PO'STAGE, S. money paid for tlie car- riage of letters, or any thing conveyed by a po.'t. PO'ST-BOY, S. one that carries letters. To PO'STDATE, V. A. [pojl, Lat after, and date] to date later or after the real time. POSTDILU'VIAN, Adj. f/o/?, and dllu- vium, Lat.] after the flood. PO'SrER, S. a courier ; or one fent in hafte. POSTE'RIOR, Adj. [pojlcrhur, Fr. po- jler'wr, Lat. ] happening, or placed after ; fol- lowing. Backwards. Jn the plural ufed for the hinder parts. POSTERIO'RITY, S. {poficrlonte, Fr.] the ftate of being after in the order of time. POSTE'RIFY, S. Ifofuntc', Fr. poftcrl- tJS, Lat.] thofe that are born or live after. Dtfcendants. PO'STERN, S. Ipcftcrre, Fr. fcprne, Belg.] a fmdll narrow gate or door. POSTEX'ISTENCE, S. future exiflence. POSTHA'STE, S. hurry, or the hafleof a podboy. POSi- HOUSE, S. an office where letters are taken in, POSTHU'MOUS, Adj. done, or publifted after one's death. PO'S riCK, Adj. f/-/?;Vr/j, Lat.] backward. PO'STIL, S. Ipc/iiiU, Fr. pofn//a, Lat.] glofs 5 marginal notes. To PO'STIL, V. A. ffrom the noun] to glofs ; to illuftrate with marginal notes. POSTl'LLER, S. ffrom popU] one who gloflcs or illuflrates with marginal notes. POSTI'LLION, S. \pcfiilLn, Fr.] one who rides on the firft pair of fix horfes be- longing to a coach, in order to guide them. POSfLl'MINOUS, Adj. \ poftlimimum, Lat.] done or contrived afterwards. POSTMA'STER-GENERAL, S. he who prefidcs over the pofls or letter-carriers. POSTMERI'DIAN, Adj. [pcpir.erldiamn, Lat.] being in the afternoon. PO'ST-OFFICE, S. \p,J}, and office] of- fice wliere letters are delivered to the polt ; a poit houfc. To POSTPO'NE, V- A. [pcfpono, Lat.] fo put off or delay. POSTRIDU'AN, Adj. [Lat.] done the pcxt day after. POT PO'STSCRIPT, S. [poj}, and fcnptun-; Lat.j a par: added to, or written after the letter. To PO'STULATE, V. A. \pcj}„latu$, Lat.] to beg orafTume as true, wiihout proof. PO'STULATE, S. \pofi-Jatum, Lat.j a pofirion affumed without proof. PO'STULATION, S. the acl of affuming , as true, without proof. POSTULA'TORY, Adj. afTuming with- out-pronf. PO'STURE, S. [Fr.] place, or fituation. The manner in which the parts of the hu- man body are placed. Figuratively, Hate or Jifpofition. - POSTULA'TUM, S. a pofiiion allumed without proof. PO'STUREMASTER, S. one who fur- prifes by uncommon attitudes or contortions of his body. PO'SY, S. [contrafled from poefy] the motto of a ring. A buncH of fiovicrs. POT, S. [Fr. and Belg. pottc, m. potto, Ital.] a vcfTcl in which meat is boiled. A vellel, ■Sec. to hold drink, or iufufe tea in. A vefiel to make urine in. 'To go, to pot, im- plies to be deflroyed or devoured. To POT, V. A. to prefcrve in pots : to incjofe in pots. PO'TABLE, Adj. [Fr.potaMlis, Lat.] fit for drinking. Such as may be drank. rO'TAGER, S. [from pctta^c] a velTel t» eat pottage in. A porringer. POTA'RGO, S. a Weft-India pickle. POTASH, S. Ipotiife, Fr.] an impure, fixed, alcalinefalt, made by burning vegetables* rOTA'TION, S. [potatio, Lat.j draught, drinking bout. POiA'TGS, S. [potados. Span.] an efculent root. POTBE'LLTED, Adj. havinga belly fwell- ing out like a pot. POfBE'LLY, S. a fwelling belly. To POTCH. V. A. to thruft; to pud). Froin pccher, Fr. to poach ; to boil flightly. PO'TENCY, S. [potcntia, Lat.j pov.'er : efficacy ; ftrength. PO'TENT, Ad], [potem, Lat.] powerfuj ; ftrong. Having great authority. PO'TENTATE, S. [potentat, Fr.] a prince, or one enjoying fovertign power. POTE'NTIAL, Adj. lpotcrdc!,Yr.potef!- tialis, Lat.] exifling only in power, nut in a(ft. Efficacious, powerful. In grammar, ap- plied to that mood which denotes the poflibi- iity of doing a thing. POTENTIA'LI FY, POTEN'TIAL- NFSS, S. poffibility. PO FE'NTIALLY, Adv. in power or pofTj- bility, oppofed to a(flu;illy or pofitively. In- efficacy, oppo(ed to adtualnefs. POTENTLY, Adv. powerfully. PO'TGUN, S. [corrupted from popgun^ I a gnu which makes a imall im3.1i noife. 3 B » POT- F O U P R A POT-HA'KGER, S. a hook or branch on I POU'NDERj S. {fuvdere, Sax.] the namC" winch a pot is hung over the fire. of a very large pear. Any perfon or other FO'THECARY, S. a corruption of Apo- thing denominated from a certain number ot THECARV PO'THF.R, S alniftle, tumult, or hurry. ToPO'THER. V. A. to make a bulling and inertccftual attempt. i'O'THEKB, S. an herb fit for the pot. PO'THOOK, S. hooks to taflen pots or kettles. Alfo ill formed, or Icravvling letters or charafters. PO'TION, S. [Fr. po/lo, Lat.] a draught of phyfic. PO'f.SHERD. S. a fragment of a broken pot. I'O'TTAGE, S. ffctacre, Fr.] broth, or any thino boiled for food. PO'TTER, S. [totkr, Fr.] a maker of earthen ware. PO'TTER's-ORE, S. an ore very eafily vitrcficd, and ufcd by potters in glazing thtir veflels. PO'TTING, S. drinking." PO'TTLE, S. [from lark] a liquid mea- fure containing tour pints. POT-VA'LIANT, AdJ, made daring by cxrcfTive drinking. POUCH, S. [pod^e, Fr.] a fmall bag or pocket. Figuratively, the belly- To POUCH, V. A. to put in the pocket. To fvvallovv. To pout, or hang doun tiie lip. PO'VKRTY, S. «ant of moncv or nccel- faries. Meannefs, or want of ornament, ap- plied to (Hie. POU'LDAVIS, S. a kind of fuil-cloth. AiNS. POULT, S. IfcuLt, Fr.] a young chicken or turkey. POU'LTERER, S. one who fells fowls. POU'LTICK, POU'LTIVE, S. a foft me- dicine, applied to adWage a fuelling or inflam- mation. " PW.kvs allay pains." Tt-wpk. POU'LTRY, S. {poimt, i't. pullltla, Lat.J domelVic fcwls. POUNCF., S. \poy.xcne, Ital.] the claw or talons of <i bird of prey. The powder of gum fjndarach, uftd to prevent paper from fink- ing. To POUNC^, V. A. f/c-r^sMn-, Ital.] to pierce or make holes. T o pour oi fprinkle through holes. 'I o feizp with the t^ilons. POUNCED, Adj. furnilhcd with claws or talons. POUND, S. \pcnA, pi.nA,?,:xy!.. pcr.do,!.^.^] a weight confiding ot t^^e^•e ounces in Troy, and fixteen ounces in A voirdupoife weight. A fimi confifting of twenty fliillings fteiling. An inclnfure or prifon in which llraycd beads are confined. To POUND, V. A. to beat to pieces with a peltle. To Ihut upor confine Ifrayed cattle, POU'NDAGE, S. a certain fum deduced from every pound fterling. A payment or tax pounds 5 htncc^ ten pounder. To POUR, V. A. to let liquor out of a veflcl into fome other place. To let out or iiive vent to. Neuterly, to flow in dreams, i o rufh tumult^ioufly. POU'RER, S. one that pours, POU r, S. a kind of iifh : a cod fifh. A kind of bird. To POUT, V. N. [bouter, Fr.] to look fallen or exprefs difcontent by thrufting out ihc lips. To gape, or be prominent. POWDER, S. \poudrc, Fr,]dna, or any thing beat mto fmall pai tides. Gunpowder. A fcented duft ufed tor the hair. To POWDER, V, A. to reduce to duft or viound fmall. To fprinkle the hair with ivhiie or giev duft. To fult or fprinkle with I'alt, Neuterly, to come or attack in a violent md tumultuous manner, ufcd with upon. PO'WDER-HORN, %. \ powder, dni hom] i horn cafe in which powder is kept for guns, PO'WDER-MILL, S. [poivder, andw;7/] the mill in which the ingredients for gun- powder are ground and mingled. PO a'DER-ROOM, S. that part of a Hiip in which the gunpowder is kept. POW'DERING-T UB, S. a tub in which meat is failed. A place in which a perfon is phydcked for any venereal taint. PO'WDERY, Adj. [poudreux, Fr,] dufty; fiidhle. POWER, S. \pcufclr, Fr.] command; influence, or dominion. Ability; force. Strciioth. The moving force of an en»ine. Nfatural flrength. A faculty of the mind. Go\'ernment, or the right of governing. A fovereign, or one inveded with command or dominion. A divine or fpiritual being. An rfriny or milit.Try force. POW'ERFUL, Adj. invefled with com- mand or .luthority. Efficacious ; forcible. POWERFULLY, Adv. in a forcible, ef- fic.icious, or mighty manner. POW'ERFULNESS, S. the quahty of be- injj poflefled with force, efficacy, or miijht, POWERLESS, Adj. weak or unable to force or produce an effect. POX, S. the venereal difeafe. PRA'CrrCABLE, Adj. [Fr.] ripable of l>eing rraOifcd, performed, or aflailed. PRA'C rJCABLY, Adv. in fucha manner as fiiav be performed, - PRA'CTICAL, Adj, f/.»7z<7.7uf, Yr. prac- ticus, Lat.] relating to aflion, oppofcd to fpe- culative PRA'CTICALLY, Adv. in a manner re- lating to a(frton ; by practice. PRA'CriCALNESS, S. the quality of jbeing the fubjeft of rflion, I'RA'CTICE, S, [TrpaKTiKo,-, Gr.]thc ha- rnred according fo the weight of the commo- bit of doing any thing, Ule or cufbm. De dity. jterity acquired by frequent action. Acfluai \ performance. P R A •performance, or 3(f>ion diftinjjiiifhed from fpccnlarion. Thf exercifc of any profcflion, cfpecially that of mcficine. PRA'CTirK, Adj. \'7t',cL^T.-^(^, Gr.l relating \.n a<f^ion ^ not merely tlieoreticil Sly ; artful. To PRACTISE. V. A. \pu7t^uer, Fr. ' it fhould be remarked that the fubihntive is ipelt with a r, as praSiice, and the verb whh an/, as in praSlife] to do frequently. To re- duce toa<rtii>n, opjiofed to profefs. To ufe o repeat in order to acquire habit or dexterity. Neuterly, to tranfaft or negociate fecretly. To cxercife any profedi^n PRA'C TISER, S. one that does anything frequently or liabitually. PRACTI'TIONER, one enoaged in the actual exercife of any art. One that ufcs tricks or (trata^rems. PR.tCO'GNITA, S. [Lat.] thint^s that mufl be known in order to undcrftand ibme thing elfe. PRAGJVIA'TIC,PRAGMA'TICAL, Adj. \ pragmattquf, Fr. Tr^ayua, Gr. ] meddling j impertinently bufy ; performing or doing without either being aiJced or welcome. PRAGIV1A'TIC.ALNES§, S. [from prj^- matkal] the quality of intermeddling without light or call. PRAGUE, one of the nine circles in the eaftcrn divilion of Bohemia, an empire ot Germany. Its capilal of the fame name, and indeed of the whole kingdom as, well as the ancient feats of the kings of Bohemia ; in Latin Pra^a, the ancient A/oro/iawrtV'm, i?;^- hienum, and Cufurgis. It lies in a pleafant and ■'fruitful country, admid ft gardensand fine fields, furrounded with pallets and plcafure-houfcs, PRE down the town in fix days open trenches, -af- ter which the place furrendercd to him. Bitt iji his attempt upon it in 17 5S, after ritiin<» down for a fiiort time before it, he was ob- liged to rjife the fiege, a confidcrjble re- inforcement having been thrown into the place. PRAISE, S. Iprns, Beig. prif^. Teut.] an acknowledgment made of the cxellcncy or perfc(ftion of any perfon pr aftinn Fame. A tribute of gratitude. A ground or reafon for commendation. To PRAISE, V. A. to CO mmend, celebrate or difplay the exellencics or merit of any per- fon or thing To attribute honour and excel- lency in worfhip. PRAlS'tR, S. one that applauds or com- mends. PR ATSEWO'RTHY, Adj. defervlngcom- mendation, honour or praife. PRAME, S. a flat-bottonml boat. To PRANCE, V.N. [pronkcn, Helg.] to fpring and bound in high mettle. To ride fa an oftentatious manner. To move in a Ihdwy manner. To PRANK, V. A. [/>r(ir,kf>i, Belg.] to drefs out oftentatioully, or in a Ihowy man- ner. PRANK, S. a mad a^ion or frolic. To PRATE, V. N. [pr^tcn, Belg.] to talk much and to little purpofe. PRATE, S. exceffive talking to little pur- pofe. PRA'TINGLY, S. with tittle tattle; with loquacity. PRA'TTIQT^rE, 5;.,.[Fr./,ra,//V^, Ttdl.] a licence for a mafter of a fliip to traffick in the ports of Italy upon a certificate that the place •and on the Muldaw, which river divides it from whence he came, is not annoyed with into two parts. This is one of the largelt any infe(ftioiis difeafe cities in Europe, being about twelve miles in circuit, and next to London, Paris, and Con- ftantinople, the moft populous. It has 100 ■churches befides nine Jewifh fynagogiies, .and a famous univerfity, which ftands in the old town, and was founded in 1358, by the emperor Charles IV. being the only one in 'Bohemia, with 1409 (ludents commonly now in it. But when the cclebra'cd John Hufs was redor here in 1409, it is alledgcd to have had no lefs than 44,000. And after- wards, when the emperor Charle:. V. would have retrenched the privileges of the ftudents, To PRA'TTLE, V. N. to talk much on uifiing fubie(fts. PRA'TTLE, S. the aft of fpeaking much on trifling fubje(fls to little purpofe. PRAVITY, S. l/o-a-viuu, Lat.J aftatc wliercin a thing has loft its perfection. PRAWN, S. a fifh rcfcmbiing a (hrimp, hut fomewhat larger and of a different co- lour. To PRAY, V. N. fpnct-, Fr. pregarr, Ital. precari, Lat.] to afk the deity for fome- thing wanted. To entreat in a fubmirtlve and e.uneft manner. I proy, o'- beg, is fomdimcs «4,occof them are faid to have left it in one uftd elliplically for / pray you, in a lUghrly week, and 16,000 more foon after. Here are ceremonious manner of intraducing a que(ti- fevcral monafteries and colleges, of which there on. Actively, to afk as a fupplicaut or en- is a very magnificent one belonging to the je- treat in a ceremonious manner. fuits near the bridge, from the belfry of whofe church is the heft profpect of the city, and in and about it there is no lefs than 20co of that order. Prague hjs been often t.iken and plundered, the befiegers bombs h.iviiig alfo greatly damaged its ftruflurcs. The lalt I -lime but once this hippened, namely, in PRA'YER, S. \pikn\ Fr.j a petition or reqiieft made to heaven. An entreaty, or fub- miffive and earneft requeft. To PREACH, V. N. \pnfler, Fr. p,-^. duo, Lat. I to pronounce a diicourfi- on f >nie facrcd fubjetl. 'I o delivc 1 in a fjcred fpecch. To inculcate with carr4cf!ntfs and lukin- ;'744i tlie king of i'rulFirt had ulmoU battered { nity. J'.RI'ACIIE.'^, PRE PRr'ACHER, S. \pyefchcuy, Tr.} who di*courres publickiy on religluus fub- jcdls; one who inculcates any thing with carneftnefs or vehemence. PRt'ACHMEN r, S. a difcouirc affeacJ- ly grave or devout. FilEA'i\tBLE, S. [/-..-mw/k/c, Fr.] fonie- thin" don= by way of intradud'tion. An over- ture on thcdi'.im. PRE-APPREHE'N'SIOX, S. an opinion /ormeJ before examination. PRE'BEND, S. [prchcnde, Fr. prebenda, Ita!. originally an allowance given to canonsj a ftipcnd or allowance "ranted in the cathe- dral churches. A pcrfon who has a piebcnd or (linend in a cathedral. PRE'BEND.-iRY, S. one who has a ftipend in .T catheJral, PREC-X'RIOUS, Adj. [frecariw., Lat. rcaire, Fr ) uncertain. PKECA'l^lOL.SNESS, S. the quality of "being vmcf.tain, becaufe depending on the ■will of another. PRECAUTION, S. [precaution, Fr.] a mtafure cr hint given to prevent fomethmg. ToPRECAU'TION, V- A. \prccautlomr, Fr.l To sive warning before hand. PRECEDA'NEOUS, Adj. [praceddneus Lat.] previous; beforehand. To PRECE'DE, V. A. [pracedo, L^t.] precede-)-, Fr.] to go before in oroer of time or place. PRECE'DENCr, PRECE'DENCY, S \praccdcKS^ Lat ] the aft or (late ot gonv^ before in order of time, place, or dignity. Superiority. PRECEDENT, Adj. [Fr. prarccdens, Lat.J former ; going before. | PRE'CEDEN'T, S. [the adjeftive for ciu- rnflion is accented en the fccond, and .he fuhilmtive on the firlt fyllable] any thing tliat is an example or rule for fi'.ture times. Any tbin^of the fame kind done before. pilECE'N^rOR, S. [pr^scer.tor, Lat. prc- cer.teur, Fr.] one that fmgs firlt or leads a choir. PRE'CEPr, S. [preccpte, Fr. prcecepum, Lat. ] a rule given by a fuperior. A direaion or command. PRECii'PflAL, Adj. confifling of pre- ce-its. P«tRCE'PTJVE, Adj. rprxccpti-jus, Lit.] CJTit -.iiiing or giving lules or commands. pPvECE'PTOR, S. \prc:eptrur, Fr.] one th;it infJriicls, and has the care of youth. PRECE'SSIOM, S. fpr^ccjiis, Lat.J the a<rt or ftute of going before. PRi=:C[NCT, S. [prac'wFnis. Lat.] an outward I'mit or boundary. A ward. PREC;0'S[TY, PRE'CIOUSNESS, S. value ; any thing of high price. PP>.E'C10US, Adj. [prec'teux, Fr. pretiofus, Lat. ! valuable ; of great worth. Coltly, or of great price. PRE'ClPiCE, S. [pr^ciplttum, Lat, from PRE one\ prdsceps, Lat.] a headlong -flecp ; a deep place tiom which a perfon cannot dcfcend without falling down headiong. PRECI'PITAKCE, PRECl'PiTANCY, S. rafh, hafle, or hurry. PRECl'prrANT, Adj. [/)r*-a/;wffi, Lat.] falling or rufhing headlong : ralbly hurried. Too hafty. ToPRECI'PITATE, V. A. [pracet-itam, L-at.preclpitcr, Fr. ] to throw down headlong. To haften unexptftcdly, rallily, or blindly. PRECl'PITATE, Adj. falling as from a ftjeppbce; he.-!dlong; ralhly, hurried. Hafty, violent. PRECl'PITATE, S. a corrofive medi- cine, made by precipitating mercury. PRECiPITA'TlON', S. [Fr.] the aft of throwing down headlong or from a precipice. A violent motion downwards. A raih tumul- tous and blind hafle or hurry. In chemiftry, the aft of making a thing fubfide as a fedi- ment. PRECI'PITOXJS, /.dj. [pracipi'h, Lat.] headlong; ftcep. Ha{ly j fuddeh. RaQi ; heady. PRECI'SE, Adj. pracijus, Latin] exaft ; drift; nice; having ftiitt and determinate limiialions. Formjl; finical. PRECrSELY, Adv. [from precifc] ex- aftly ; nicely accnr>tely. With fuperfti- tious formality ; v.ith too much fcrupulo- fity. PRECI'SENESS, S. the quality of being too nice or exaft. PRLCl'SL'^N, S. one who limits or re- trains. One nice or exaft to excefs. PRECI'SION, S. [Fr.] an c>:aft limita- tion. PRECrsiVE, Adj. [prec'.fiii, Lat.] ex- aftly limiting fo as to cut otf all occafions for difpute. To PRECLIJ'DE, V. A. Ipra^cLdo, Lat.] to fliut out, exclude, or hinder beforehand. PRECO'CIOUS, Adj. [pracccls. La:, prc- cocf, Fr.] lipe bcfoic ihe time. PRECO'CITY, S. [from precocious] ripe- nefs before the time. Tol RECO'GITATE, V. A. [praccgito^ Lat.] to confider or fcheme beforehand. PRECOGNl'TION, S.[pru:cogr.iui, Lat.] fore knowledge. PRECONXEI'T, S. [pro', and conccit\ an opinion previoufly formed. To i'RECONCE'IVE, V. A. [prcconce- voir, Fr. pra, and conclpio, Lat.] to form an opinion before due examination. PRECONCE'PTION, S.anopiHion form- ed before cxan^ination. PRECO'NTRACT, S. [formerly accented on the laft fyllablej a contraft made before another. To PRECO'NTR.'ICT, V. A. tocontraft or bargain beforehand. PRECUR'SE, S. {pracurjuz, Lat.] the aft or Hate of foierunniug. PRr.CUR'SOR> PRE PRECUil'SOR, S. [pr^curfor, Lat, fr^- ciK-ftxir, Fr. ] one who goes before anothor. /\n harbinger. PREDA'CEOUS, Adj. [pmda. Lat.] li- ving hy prey. PRE'DAL, Adj. rol)hin[; ; phindcnn?. PRE'DATORY, AJj. [fr^Jatorha, Lat.] plundering ; hungry ; ravenous j preying. PREDECE'SSOR, S. [predeceffevr, Fr.] one that enjoys any place, or was'in any (tale before another. See Ancestor. PREDESTIN'ARTAN, S. one that holds the docftrrne of predefiination. To PREDE'STINATE, V. A, T/r^.and (iefiinatus, hiit. fredej'iiier, B'r.] to doom or appoint by an irreverfihle decree. PREDESTINATION, S. [Fr.] the a£t or docflrine of appointing to any ftate by an ir- reverfibieand unconditional decree. PREDESTINA'TOR, S. one that holds predefrinatiofi, or the prevalence of pre- efla- bliihed neceflity. To PREDESTINF:, V. A. [fra and def- :l:;c'\ to decree beforehand. PREDErE'RMINATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of determining beforeliard. To PREDETERMINE, V. A. f/>w and determine} to doom or confine by previous de- cree. PRt'DIAL, Adj. [fyadiurr., Lat.] in law, confining of farms. PRE'DICABLE, Adj. [Fr.] p>-adkaba!is, Lat.] fuchas may be affirmed of any thing. PRE'DICABLE, S. \predicabUe, Lat.'] in logic, a general quality which may be affirmed of" any thing. PRE'DICAMENT, S. a clafs or order of beings or fubjefts ranged according to their natures. A clafs or kind. PRE'DICAWT, S. [pradkam, Lat.] one that affirms any thing. To PREDICATE, V. A. [pradkatus, Lat.] to affirm any thing of another thing. PRE'DIGATE, S, \pra-dkatum, Lat.] that v^liich is affirmed or denied of the fubjeft. PREDICA'TION, S. [pradicatio, Lat.] the aft of affirming. To PREDI'CT, V. A. [pradlffus, Lat.] to tell or fhow beforehand. PREDI'CTION, S. [Fr. pr^edinb, Lat.] a declaration of fomething future. PREDIGE'STiON, S. digeflion perform- ed too foon. To PREDISPO'SE, V. A. to adapt, before- hand to any particular purpofe. PREDISFOSI'TION, S. the aft or ftate of adapting before to any purpofe. PREDO'IVIINANCE, PREDO'MINAN- CY, S. [pra, and dominium, Lat.] prevalence. Superior influence. PREDO'MINANT, Adj. [Fr.] prevalent, or having a fuperior influence. To PREDO'MINATE, V. A. [pradomi- ratus. Lat.] to prevail; to have a fuperior iiiflueHce : to be afcendant. PRE To PRE'-ELECT, V. A. tochoofehefore- h.nd. PRE'-EMINENCE, S. [Fr.] a fuperior, flatc of excellence. Priority of place, power, or influence. PRE'-EMINENT, Adj. [Fr.] having ex- cellence fuperior to others. PfiE'-EMFTlON, S. \praanpuo, Lat.] the right of purchafing before others. To PRE'-ENGAGE, V. A. to engage before. PRE'-ENGAGEMENT, S, a prior or precedent obligation. To PREEN. V. A. [/.ryw«,Bclg.todrefsJ to tri.".! the fenthers. To PRE-ES fA'BLISK, V. A. to edablifh or fettle beforehand. PRE-EPTA'BLISHMENT, S. fettlement beforehand. To PRE-FXrST, V. N. to exi ft before. PRE-i:XPSTEKCE, S the date of exiil- ing before its union wiih the body, applied to the foul. PRE-EXI'STENT, Adj. [Yx. prcc-exiftais, Lat.] exifling before. PRF.'FACli, S. [Fr. prcefatio, Lat.] fomething ufed as preparatory, or introduc- tory. A difcourfe prefixed to a book. To PRE'FACE, V. N. \f>raefan,_ Lat.] to fay fomething by way of introduftion. lo introduce by fomething going before. PRE'FAfORY, Atlj. ferving to intro- duce. PRE'FECT, S. [prefcaus. Lat,] a gover- nor or conMTirnder. PREFl'CTUPvE, S. [Fr.] a government. To PREFER, V. A-. [pteferer, Yr.prae- fcro, Lat.] to regard, e(lie;n, or, value more than another: ufed with above, before, or tc, before the tiling lefs eflecnied. To exalt or raile in dignity. In law, to exhibit a bill or accufation. PRE'FERABLE, Adj. [Fr.] to be chofen, efteemed, or valued more than fomething elfe. PRE'FERABLY, Adv. in preference ; m fuch a manner as to prefer one thing to ano- ther. PRE'FERENCE, S. [Fr.] the aft of efleemlng more, or choofing before another} ufed with to, before, czier, or abo've, before the thing difregarded.- PREFERIMEMT, S. advancement to a Ivgher poll or ftation. A place of honour or profit. The aft of eficeming or choofing one thing rather than another, 1 o PREFi'GURATE, V. A. [pr^, and figurattn, Lat. J to Ihovv by fome precedent, figure or reprefentation. PREFIGURA'TION, S. an antecedent reprefentation. To PREFI'GURE, V. A. to fhow by fome figure or token before. ^ToPREFI'NE, V. A. {praef^nio, Lat.] to limit beforehand, 3 B 4 To PREFI'X, PRE To PREFI'X, V. A [pjffaus, Lat.] to ap[-oiiit licforehanJ. 1 o fettle. To fix, place, or Jet liCtoic aiiotlier thing. PRiLL-J'X, S. [fraejixum, Lat.] Some par- title put before .i word, to vary its fignifi- c.ifion. FREFI'XION', S. \freJ!xion.¥i:kamfrc- fiA^ t'.ie ait ot' prirfixing. To PERFO'RM, V. A, [prae, 2ini form] to form bcforehjnd. PREFU'LGED, Adj. [fracfulgidus, Lat.] very bright. PRE'CtNANCY, S. [pragnar.s, Lat. 1 the fldte of bcin;; with cliild : fruittulnefs of in- vt-ntion, applied to the mind. PREGrvAHT, Adj. {Yy. praegnans, Lat.j teeminj; i breeding ; big wih young. Fruit- ful or c'liifing fertility. Full of conl^uences. Evident ; clear. Eafy ta produce. I'REGUSTA'TION, b. ■ prae, and gufic, Lat.] the a4l of talfing before another. To PREjU'DGE, V. A. to determine any tjueflion, or condemn before examina- tion. . - . To PREJU'DICATE, V. A. [prac, and jiuiuo, Lat.j to determine beforehand to dif- ad vantage. PRE'JUDICATE, Adj. [prae, and juJi- cdtu:, Lat.] formed before examination . PREJUDlC.VlTO.V, S. the aft of judg- ing before hand. PREjU'i)lCE, S. [^r. pruf judicium, Lzt] a judgment or opinion formed before exami- r^tion, either in favour or ;igain(t a perfon or tlun<^ A niifchief, damage, or detriment. To PRE'JUDICE, V. A to prtpodcfs a perfon with a good or bad opinion of a perfon or thin" befoie he can fee or examine. To Tie of difiirvice or hurt by means of precon- ceived opinions. PRtJLDl'CIAL, Adj. [Fr.] hindering, irjuriii", or hurting by preconceived opi- nions. PRE'LACY, S. [from /-m'a/f] the dignity of a pcffon of thehigheft puds in the church. The order of bifuops. PRL'LATE, S. \prelat, Fr. prailatui, Lat.] a clergyman of the higheft order. PREl-A'l ION, S. \pvclitu^, lat.] prefe- aciicc ■■, fetting of one above the other. PRE'LATURE, PRE'i.ATURESxHIP, S \p,;iclafdra, Lat.] the Hate or dignity of a piclate. PRELE'CTION, S. [praelcBh, Lat.Jread- ing; Icdloie. , PRELPilATION, S. [tnzillhtus, Lat.] a ta(fe bctorehand. PRELI'MIN.-^RY, Adj. [p>c!i>r:!»:cre. Fr.] p)-."vious or introdudlory. PaELI'MINARY, S. fomething by way of introduttion. IRt'LUO:, S. [Fr.] fome (hort flight of mulick played before a full concert. Some thing introdudorv or ihcwlng what is to fcllow. PRE To PRELU'DE, V. N. ffnUcr, Tr-prae- /ai/3, Lat.] to ferve as an introduction ; to bo previous to. PREMATU'RE, Adj. Ipvcmature, Fr. /^nirmaturus, Lat.] ripe too foon. Formed too foon or too haftily. P/hMAIU'RELY, Adv. [from prtma. ta>e] too early ; too foon j with too hady ripcncfs FR EMATU'RENESS, PREMATL'RI- ry, S. [from prfmatun\ too great haftc ; unfeafoii'ble e.nlinefs. To PRt-ME'DrrATE, V. A. [premedttcr, Vr. pracntcditatui, Lat.j to contrive, form, or think of beforehand. PREMEDITa'TION, S. the ad of think- ng on, (jr contriving beforehand. Jo PR KME'RIf, V. A. [pracir.crcor, Lat.] to deferve before. PRE'xMIER, Adi. [Fr.] firft or chief, loPf.E'MI.SE, V. A. [/.rjt-wi/i/i, Lat ] expLin or lay down beforehand. PREMISES, S. \pracmilJa, Lat,] propo- fiiions, fuppofed, laid down, or proved be- fore. In law, houfcs, lands, or places men- tioned before. PRE'MiLM, S. [Lat.] foiriething given ta induce, to bind or make a bargain. To PREMO'NISH, V. A. to warn before. PREMONTTIOM, S. i^ramcr;Vw, Lat.j a notice or warning given belbrehand. PREAlONi'TORY, S. ffroui p,a, and i):cnto, I-at.] previouflv advifing. To PKEMO'Ni'IRATE, V, A, [praf, and moijli-o, Lat.] to fliOw betorehand. PR MUNPKE, S. [Lat. in common dif- courfe accented on the firit fyllablcj a writ, whereby a penalty is incurred for breaking fome (tatute. A penalty incurred. Adilb- culty or diltref-t. PREMUNl'TION', S. [from fracmunb^ Lat.j an anticipation of objcdfion. To PRENO'MXNATE, V. A. [pracmmi- no, L^t 1 to forename. PRENOIMlNATiONT, S. [pra, and «o- wbrj, Lat.j the privilege of being named firlt. PRENO'TION, S. fore-knowjedge. A prejudice or pre-conception. i'RE'NTICE, S. contraacd from ap- ^reniicc- PRENUNCIA'TION, S.[/>»w««nric, Lat.] , the act of telling before. PRiO'i CUPANCY, S. [from pnoccu- pi7it'\ the act of taking poflciTioa before ano- ther. To PREO'CCUPATF, V. A. [pnoccu- per, Fr, praeocaipatii^, Lat.] to anticipate, or prevent. To prepoflels or prejudice. To PREO'CCLP^/, V. A. to prepofTefs ; 'O ocv-'upy by anticipation or prejudice. To PKE'OiVllNATE, V. A. [prae, and ominor , L^it.] to prognofticalc ; to gather f.om omens any future event, PA E'OPINION, S. \prae, and cplmo, Laf. j opinion anttctdcntly formed j prepoflefTion. I To PRE To PREORDA'IN, V. A. to ordain or de- ■Crec beforehand. PRF:0'RDINANCE, S.- [prae, and c>-Ji- ft'Tiice] anteceJciit di-Cree ; firft decree. PREORDINATION, S. [from freor- Jain] the -.iiX ot" preordaining. PREPARATION, S. [/>r«^^;Y2to, Lat.] the aft of making any thing fit for any pur- pofc beforehand. Meafui-es taken beforeliand. A certmonioLis introdu(ftion. In medicine, any thing m.^dc by gradual labour. PREPA'RATIVE, S. that which fits be- forehand, or is done as means for fomething elfe. PREP.VRATIVE, Adj. \p>cpayfltif,'er.'] having the pi)wer of qualifying or fitting. PREPARA'TORY, Adj. \prcf,aratoire, Fr.] ncceiliry before. Introductory to. To PRL'PARR, V. A. [prepare; Fr. fraparo. L-it.] to fit, qualify, adjuftor make ready beforeliand, for any purpofe. In me- dicine, to make by a regulir procefs. PRSPEN'SE, PRE'PENSED, [pr^rpenfus, Lat ] weighed, contrived, or intended before- hand. To PREPO'NDER, V. A. [from pre- pondcrate\ to oiitueigli. PKEHO'NDtRANCE, PREPO'NDE- RANC\^, S. [fee Preponderate] the (late of being more heavy, or of greater ex- cellence, influence, and importance. To PREPONDERATE, V. N. \prapon- dcratm, Lat.] to exceed in weight, iniiuence, power or importance. PREPONi:>ERA'TrON, S. the ad or ftate of exceeding in weight, power, or infjn- £nce. ToPREPO'SE, V, A. [frcpcfir, Fr.] to put before. PREPOSI'TION, S. [prcpoJJuo>i, Yv. pra- pofitio, Lat.] in grammar a particle govern- in i» a cafe. ■pREPO'SITOR, S. ^pro'pofior, Lat.j a fcholar appointed by the mailer to overlook the reft. ToPREPOSSE'SS, V.A. To fill with an opinion before examination. To pre'iudicc. PRtPOSSK'SS]ON,S. firflpoirtrfion. An ep'nion conceived beforcexamination. PREPOV I ERO'JS, Adj. [prcpofrerus, Lat.] having that firft which fliouid be lalt ., abfu'd, perverted, wront;. PREPO'STEROUSNES^^, S. [from ;>r<,'- po/L-rous] abAn\iity ; wrong order or method. PRE'POTENCY, S. [fr^potentia, Lat,] fuperior power ; predominance. PREEU'CE, S. \pracpumw, Lat.] the flun vtiich covers tlie glands. To PRR'RECHTRE, V.A. [jC/vf, and re- ^uhc] to demand previoully. J'RE-RE'QtMSlTE, ^dv. [pro-, and rf- 5'f.-''7/i'| fomL-thiui' previoully neceflary. PRI'RO'G ATIVE, S. [Fr.] an exclufive .or peculiar privilege. PRE^A'GE, is, [Yr.praejagium, Lat,] f PRE token by which fomething future may Le known. That Rate of the mind in which it has a foreknowledge of fomething future. To PRESA'GE, V. .\.[prjfager, Fr prae^ /agio, Lat, • to forebode, or foreknow ; fome- times ufed with of. To foretoken or Ihow before. PRESA'GEMENT, S. [prffagSum, Lat.J forebodement, foretoken. PRE'iiBYTEPv., S. iFr.TrfsaSvTBp®-, Gr.] a pried. One that holds ordination only by priefts or elders. PRESBYTE'RIAN, S. a perfon who re. jefts cpifcopacy, and holds no fubordination in the miniftry. PRE'SBYTERY, S. a bodv of elders. PRE'SCIENCE, S. the knowledge of things or events before they happen, PRE'SCIENT, Adj. prophetic. Knowing events before they huppen, PRE'SCIOUS, Adj. [praefdus, Lat.] ha- ving foreknowledge. To PRESCI'ND, V. A, [praejclndo, Lat.] to cut off; to abftraft, PRESCI'NDEN P, Adj. \pr<iejd«dcns,l.^t.} abftrafting. To PRESCR1'-3E, V.A. [praefu-lbo, Lat.] fo fet down, difcorrc(!l or command. To write a receipt for a perfon that is fick. _ FRESCRI'PT, Adj. [praefcriptui, Lat.] direfled or laid down by way of precept. PRESCRI'PT, S. a diredion or model laid down. PRESCRI'PTION, S. [Fr. praefniptio, Lat.] rules produced and authorifcd by long cuftom. A receipt in medicine. PRE'SEANCE, S. [prcfiarce,Yt.} priority of place in fitting. PRESENCE, S. (Fr.jfcwyiwitf, Lat.] the aft or ftate of being in the fame place wjtii another, or in the view of a fuperior. Port, --iir, or mien, Readinefs on any emergence. The perfon of a fuperior. PRE'SENCE-CHAMBER. PRESENCE- ROOM, S. \_preftt!ce, and chamber, ov room\ the room in which a great perfon receives company. PRE->E'NSTON, S. [ pra-finJIs, Lat,] per- ception beforehand. PRE'SENT, Adj. [Fr./.ra./^«.r, Lat.] ill the fame place ; face to face ; at tiie fame time, or the time which is now. Ready ort occafion. Unforgotten. The pre/cut is ufcd elliptically fortheprefent time, or the time now exifting. At prejcnt, now ; or the picfent time, from a prefctit, Fr. PRE'SENT, S. [Fr.] a gift, or fomething given which a perfon could not claim. In the plural, ufed for a letter, certificate, or man- date. To PRE'SENT, V.A, [prcjcnter, Fr.] to place ill the prefenceof, or introduced to a fuperior. To offer or exhibit. To give in a ceremonious manner, ufed with to before the perftiijor ivitb before the thing. To prefer t« PRE PRE to an ecclefnrtical benefice. To 1 ly before a court of judicature as Something dcfervin^ thfir notice. PRESENT A'NEOUS, Adj. \prucjcntancus, Lat.] quick ; ready ; immediate. PRESENTA'TIOM, S. [Fr.] the acT of giving ■. the aft of cuiiftrring a church living. A benefice. PRESENTE'K, S. oneprefcnted to a be- ueficc. PRESE'NTIAL, Adj. [from /•/-r/t.w] fup- pofing a<f\ual prefence. PRESENTI-\'LirY, S. [itom prefenlial] ftate of being orefcnt. To PRESE'M riATE, V. A. ffrom frc- feKt] to make prefent. PRESENTl'FICK, Adj. [pyaefcn:, and/.-- ch. Lat.] making piiTv-nt. - PRESENTl'rJCKLY, Adv. ffrom ^r^/a/- t'tjick'] in fuch a manner a5 to make prefcDt. PRE'SENFLY, Adv. without dslay. Soon. PilESENTMENT, S. the acl of prefent- ino. Any thing txhibitcd. In law, a de- claration or report madi !)y the juror-.i or other 'juggling treks, officers, of an otitnce in^uirabie in the court PR'VSTO, In PP.E'SSEED, S. a bed fo contrived as to be Ihut up in a cafe. PRE'SSGANG, S. a crew which forces men into navsl fervice. PRE'SSINGLY, Adv. in an importunate manner. PRE'SSION, S. the aft of fome mo\»- ing power, exerted with force on another body. FRE'SSITANT, Adj. gravitating ; heavy. I ."^E'SSM.AN, S. one who foices another into naval fervice. One who works at the piintiiig-prcTs.. PRI'VSSLRE, S. the a<!^ ef Hjueezing or operat-in;^ upon by weight and force. The ftate of being prefled. Force or weight aft- ing upon any tiling. Violence, oppreflioii, ufHifiion, or diftrefs. PREST, Adj. ready; neat; tight. PRESr, S. [Fr.]a ioan. PRESTIGA'TION, S. [Lat.] ajuggling; a deceiving. PRK'sriGES, S. [Lat.] impodurcs ; to which it i.-i prciliiued. i'RESERVA'TIO^f, S. the aft of keeping fjfe, or from de(lrn(ftion. PRESE'RVAllVE, S. [prefa-vatlf, Fr.] that which has the power of keeping fafe, or] without obtaining leave 3rj. [Ital.] quick J at once. from impairing or d^ftruclion. PRESE'RVii, S. [from the verb] fruit piefcrved whole in fiigar. ToPRESE'RVE, V. A. \p-tfci-'uer, Fr. from pra, and fcyv:, Lat.] to keep from danger, corruption ordeflruciion. PK-tSE'RVER, S. f from /j/v^tr-w] one who rreferves ; one who keeps from ruin or mif- chief. He who makes pieferves of fruit. To PRESI'DE, V. N. Iprefidei; Fr. p'y7c- fidco, Lat. j to be fet, or have authority over. Ijred with over. ■ PRESPDENCY, S. fuperintendence, au- thority, or command. PRL'SIDENT, S. [Tv. ptaef.dens, Lat.] one having authority or command ov.-'r o- thers. PRE'SIDENTSHIP, S. the (late or condi- tion refaperfon v.fiohas authority overothcrs. PRESI'DIAL, Adj. \ixom praefidium, Lat.j belonging to a garrifbn. To PRE'SS, V. A. [prefflr, Yu pyrjus, Lat.] to ftjueeze or cnifh by weigiu or force. To connrain or aff'tft ftrongly. To make earned. To force into military fervice, con- trafted from vvprcfs. Neuterly, lo acT: with force. To diftrefs. To go forward toward.<i an objeft, notwith (landing obftacies. To urge with vehemence or importunity. To crowd. PRESS, S. Iprejlir, Fr.] an inftrument made to fqueeze or prefs any thing very clofe. A crowd or throng. A wooden cafe for Ufed l)y jugglers. To PRESU'ME, V. A. \pr-Jumer, Fr, pi-a<;fuf.':o, Lat ] to Uippofe, beliive, cr take for truth before examination. To ventuie To form confident To make confident and arrogant opinions. or arrogant attempts. PREsU'iVIPTI N, S. \prcfumptton, Fr.] a fuppofition or opinion formed before exa- mination. A ftrong, though not demonftra- tive argument. Arrogance, unreafonable con- fidence or arro<;ance. PRESUMPTIVE, Adj. \picfoi!ipin>e,Y{.] formed upon previous fuppofitions. Suppofed. Too confident or arrogant. PRESU'iMPTUOUS, Adj. [ prefumptucux, prijcrrpt:(e::>r, Fr.] depending unrcafonably on the favour of another. Arrogant. Irreverent with refpeft to divine things. PRESC'.VIPTUOUSLY, Adv. in an arro- gant, confident, or too daring manner. PRESUPPOSAL, S, fuppofal previoufly formed. To PRESUPPO'SE, V. A, [pr:fuppofcr, Fr,] to fuppofe before. PRESLPPOSPTION, S. a fuppofition previouflv formed. PRESURMl'SE, S. a furmife previoufly formed. PRETE'NCE, S, [praetcnjut, Lat.] a falfe argument grounded on vain poftulates. The aifl of fhowing or alledging what is real. Claim to notice. Claim true or falfe. Some- thing held out to terrify. To PRETE'ND, V. A. [preteT:d,e, Fr. practendo, Lat ] to holdout or flretch forward. To make an appearance inconfiftent with re- ality, m.erely to gain fome end. Neuteriy, cloaths. A commillion for forcing men into to put in a claim. To prefume on ability \ military fa vice, to attempt. 3 I PRP* PRE PRETE'NDER, S one who lays claim to ,r.y thing without reafon or ability. FRS'TENSiON, S. a claim. A fictitious Iiow or appearance. PRE'TER, a particle which is often pre- '■\ei to words derived from the Latin/nzrfo-, .id fignifies befide. In gramniar, a tenfe .hich lignifies that a thing is paff. I'REl ERIMPE'KFECT, Adj. in gram- jr.ar, applied to a tcnfe, which fignifies that a ihino is partly part ;ind partly prefect. PRE'TERITE, Adj. [fntok, Fr. frae- tu-lu!, Lat.] paiE PRETERI' nON, S. [Fr.] the aft of go- ing pad, or the ftate of being part. PRE'TERITNESS, S. [from/>,v/'fr/V] ftate of being pa(l ; not prcfence ; rot futurity. PRETERLA'PSED, Adj. [praeterhffus, Lat.] part and gone. PRETERLE'CAL, Adj. f^sr^.Vr, and .V- gal] not agreeable to law. PRETERMISSION, S. [frcterwijion, Fr. fraetermiffo, Lat. J thea<^ of omitting. PRETER.Mi'SSlON, S. [Fr.] the a^ of omitting. ToPKETFRMl'T, V. A. [irae'ermltto, Lat.] to pafs by. PRETERNA'TURAL, Adj. not accord- ing to the common ccurfe of nature ; irre guLr. FRETERPr'RFECr, S. [practerltum fcr- fcHuiTif Lat.] In grammar, the tenfe which denotes fcmcthing perftc1:ly paft ; formed in the Engl-fh by prefixing tlie auxiliary verb hai'e, which we borrowed from the Saxons. PRETERPLU'PERFECT, S. [practeri- turn ph^fjur.m fcrfcclum, Lat.] a tenfe which is ufed to fignify that a thing was paft before fome other paf' tiine : It is exprefltJ in Efig- lifh by the auxili.i.y verb had. PRETE'XT, S. Iprctcxfus, Lat. fretexte, Fr.] a falje appearance, cxcufe or allega- tion. _ PRETIO'STTY, S. [pretlof.ta,, Lat.] pre- cioufnefs ; being valuable. PRE'lOR, S. \ praetor, Lat.] a Roman judge, ufed at prefc-nt for a mayor. PRETO'RIAN, Adj. belongingto theprc- tor. PRE'TTII.Y. Adj. in fuchamanner as to raife an idea of (kill or jieatnefs. PRE''FT1NESS, S. [from /rtv/yjthe qua- lity of exciting an ide.i of ncatnefs and fym- metry, but not of perfect beautv. PRE'TTY, Adj. \prctto,llA.] neat; ele- gant; pleafingwith neatncfs ; handfomc, but not beautiful. PRETTY, Adv. in foqic degree. _ PREVA'ILING, Adj. predominant; hav- ing moft influence. To PREVAI'L, V. N. [prcvaJolr, Fr.] to conquer any rcfiftancc ; to have fuperior power or influence, ufed vvirh en, vpon, ct-ei-, or a- gaitift. To perfuade or induce by intrcaty, <:"ollowed by ivlih. P R I PRE'VALENCE, PRE'VALENCY, S. [Fr.] fuperiority of infiueuceor power. _ PRE'VaLENT, Adj. ffrrva/ens, Lat.] viftorious ; gaining fuperiority ; powerful. To PREVA'RICATE, V. N. { prt-vari- catiis, Lat.] to quibble, cavil, or (huifle PREVARICA'TION, S. [Fr.j the ad of (hii:1iling, quibbling, or cavalting. rREVARICA'TOR, S.[Lat.J acavilleri a fiuiffler. To PREVE'NE, V. A. [pwuenh, Lat,] to hinder. PREVE'NIENT, Adj. [praci-emer.s, Lat.] preceding. Preventive. To PREVE'NT.V. A.lprre-^emus, Lat ] to go before as a guide or direiflor. To anti- cipate. To prepoflc.'s. To hinder, obviate, or obftruift. Ncuterly, to come before the time. PREVE'NTION, S. [Fr.] theac^ of go- ing before, hindering, anticipating, or pre- polleiling. PREVE'NTIONAL, Adj. [from pre-vea- //;/;] tending to prevention. PREVE'N|IVE. Adj. \fTom fr^-vent] tending to hinder, Ptcfcrvative ; hinder- ing ill. PREVEN'TIVF, S. [from prci'i^t] a pre- fervative ; that which prevents ; an antidote. PRE'VIOUS, Adj. [fr^cvius Lat.] going before ; prior. PPvE'VIOUSLY. Adv. beforehand ; ante- cedently. PREVIOUSNESS, S. anfcccdcnce. PREY, S. [prmi.'.r, Lat.] fomething feized [jy violence ; fomething to be devoured ; plunder. To PREY, V. N. \p,vrda; Lat.] to feed by violence. Toplunderj to rob. To cor- rode ; to wafle. PRE'YER, S. [from prr;] robber; de- vourer; plunderer. PRIAPISM, S. [f,>iapih:m:, L:it. priapifmet Fr. i a preternatural ten lion. PRICE, S. [pnx,Vr. p,-c'l-m, Lat] the money at which any thing is valued, bought or fold. Value. Reward. To PRICK. V. A. {pruuvu Sax.] to pierce with any thing that has a Iharp point ; to nominate or name to any office by m, iking a hole in paper. To fpur, goad, or impel. To pain or pierce with remorfe. To make acid, applied to liquors. To mark a time. Neuterly, to drcfs one's felf for fliow ; to come en the fpur. PRICK, S. [/.r.'c-c..'. Sax.] a fharp pointed inflrume."t. A pun£turc or hole made with a fliarp pointed inflrument. A remorfe of ron- fcience ; an unenfincfs in the mind, occifion- cd by confcioufnefs of guilt. A fpot or mark for mooting, 'i he print of a hare on ti;c ground. PRl'CKER, S. a (liarp-pointcd inftrunient or awl. PRFCKET, S. a buck in its fccond year. I t-RI'CKLE, ? R I rUT'CKLE, S. a ftnall fharp point, or ■thorn of a briar. PRl'CKLINESS, S. fulnefs of fharp points. PRI'CKLOUSE, S. a word of contempt for a tavl'T. I'Rl'CKSONG, S- a fong fet to mufic. PRrCRLY, Adj. full of (harp points or tliorn.s. PRl'CKMADAM, S. a fpjccics of houfc- kek. PRI'CKPUNCH, S. a piece of tempered -flcel, wish a vound point at one end, ufol to juakc a r.-.und mark in cold iron. PRIDE, S. [pry'd, Brit beauty, frytle, fry re. Sax. a fweliing, fracht, Beit;.! too •hisli »n opinion of one's fclf, abilities or I .j-.ot;e{Iions. -Loftinefs of air. Beauty ; fplen- dor or (how ; according to the Welch ori- ginal. To PRIDE, V. A. to efteem too highly, .ufed with the reciprocal pronoun, and follow- ed by in. PRi'ER, S. [fee Pry.] onewholooks too curiouOy or narrowly into things. PRIES r,S. \frccf,. Sax. prefi, Fr. p>e- fiiiy. 111 1 one that is intruded with the cure of fouls, and is in dignity above a deacon. PRIE'STCRAFT, S. pious frauds, or ■frauds praftifed by priefts to keep the laity in lubitft'on, and enrich themfelves. PR1E'ST?LSS, S. a woman who officiated Li the heathen temples. PRIE'STHOOD, S. the office or dignity 4>f a prieft. PRIE'STLI'NESS, S. the appearance or manner of a pf.eft. PRIE'STLY, Adj. belonging to or be- coming a piiel> PRlE'SfRlDDEN, Adj, made a tool of hy piieftf. To PRIEVE, ufed hy Spcnrer for f)ro-ve. I'RIG, S. a conceited, faucy, or pert perfon. " PRILL, S. a birt ortnrbot. PRIM, Adj. f con traced from frimtiw] precife ; formal; affectt-dly nice. To PRIM, V. A. [from the adjeftive] to deck up preciftly ; to form to an aiTlcied *.icetv. PRI'MACY, S. Sfr\n:ac]e,ptmace, Fr. p>i- ■tniitu^, Lat.l the ligheft poOin the church. PR1'M.\C}K, S. the freight of a (hip. PRl'M.''kRlLY, Adv. originally in its firfl ; ^iitention. In the firft pkce. I PRI'MARINESS, S. the flatc of being fiilt. I PRI'MARY, Adj. [frimar'.us, Lat.Jfirft; original ; chief. PilI'VIATl', S. \prirrat, Yx.fimas, Lat.] the hipheft among the clerpy. PRIME.'.S, [ p>:r>:i:s, Lat.J The firft or heft •part. Youth, applied to human life. The hcioht of perfection. The firft crinonlcd hour. The firft part of any ftatc. In fcnc- P R I ing, the attitude immediately after firfl draw ing the fword. I'RIME, Adj. early. Principal ; chief; firf>. Extllcnt. Bed. PRl'MRLY, Adj. originally; primarily; in the firft place j excellently ; fupremely well. PRI'MFNESS, S. the ftate of being firfl. Excellence. To PRIME, V. A. to put in the firfl pow- der, or to put powder into the pan of a gun. In painting, to lay the firfl colours, from fri- iKc-, Fr. to begin. ]>RIMtR, S, [primariui Lat.l a fmail prjyer book, containing the alphabet, cafe- chifm, &c. in wliich children were firfl taught to read. In printing, a particular kind of type, divided into long and great, fo c.illed ' bccaufe primers were formerly printed with it. Theiong primer is that in which this line is compofed. Beauty's a flower that foon decays. The great primer is that which follows,: Great Primer. PRIME'RO, S. rSpan.I a game at card?. PRIMEVAL, PRIME'VOUS, Adj. [pri- macuus, f at.] original. PRIMI'TIAL, Adj. [priiKit'ius, primitM, Lat.] being one of the .firft produ£ti ns. PRI'iUITIVE, Adj. [prim't'f, Fr. primi- t'-vus, Lat.) ancient ; original j cilablilhed at firft. Formal, or affecting the gravity of old times ; primary, op;?ofed to dcri-vstlve. PRIMITIVELY, Adv. \iiom primlti-v-l originally i at fiifl. Primarily ; -not dciiva- f.ively. According to the original rule. PRI'MirivENESS, S. [ixom primlti-ue'] flate of being original ; anti(juity ; conform- incr to antiquity. 'PR I'M NESS, S. affeifkd mcenefs, or for- nialilv. HRIMOGE'NIAI., Adj. [^ri»o^Mwj, Lat. and fliould thcrcfoie he i^e\x. pr'nr.igehia!] firfl- bqrn ; original ; conflituent. FRLViOGE'NITURE. S, [Fr.] the flate of being born before others. PRIMO'BDIAL, Adj. [Fr.] original; cx- ifling from the beginning. PRIMO'RDIAL, S. [from the adjcaivej fii fl principle ; origin. PRl'MROSE, S. \j,rhnt<la i-rWs Lat.l a plant fo called jfrom its blowing c^.riy in ih. year. PRINCE, S. [Fr. prlnn-ps, Lat.] a fovc- reign or chief ruler. A fovcrcign next in rank to a king. The fon of a king. Tie chief of any lody of men. PRl'.^'CEDOM, S. the rank, eflate, cr power of a prince. PRI'NCELY, Adj. having the appearance of a pcrfon of noble '.)irth ; ot the rank of a princs. Beco.ming a prince.. P R t P R I PRTNCESS, S Iprince/Jc, Fr.j a lady bav- difchargeJ tins tuifl witli paternal tenJernefs, in;j fovereion command. A King's daughter PRl'NCtPAL, Adj. [¥r.pnniipa!}s,Lat.] ciiief; ofthefirfi; rate; eflcntial. FRI'NCIPAL, S. a head ; chief; one oii finally engaged, oppofcd to auxiliaries. A funi placed out at intereft. A prefident or go- vernor. rRINCIFA'LITY, .''. [pnncipaute, Fr.] fupreme power. A prince. The country Mvhich gives title to a prince. ' Figuratively, fuperiority or pre-eminence. In the plural, among the divines, one of the orders of the angels. PRI'NCIPALLY, Adv. above all others ; chieHy. PRINCIPIA'TION, S. \prwculum, Lat.J analyfis into condituent or elementary parts. PRINCIPLE, S [prlncipium, Lat. prin- (ipe, Fr.] thecaule, fource, or origin. J hat which denotes a thing to be '.vliat it is. In phyfics, that which contributes to the eiTence of the body. In chenndry, t'le fir(t and Hm- plell parts whereof natural bodies are com- pounded, and into whicii they are reiolved by fire. A fundamental tri>th from which others are deduced. The ground or motive of action. A tenet or polition on which morality is founded. To PRI'NCIPLE, V. A. to eftabliHi, Sk, or inculcate any tenet or opinion, as a (bnnd- ard in a perfons mind. To PRINK. V. N. [hom pro!ih:f,, Belg.] to prank or deck in a gaudy manner. To PRINT, V. A. [written ;r67;f, in the and at a proper age fent him to Weftminlltr fchool, I nder the care of Dr. Bufby ; where he loon diOinguifhed himfclf above his former fchool-fellowa. But he whs too foon t.ikcn home by his uncle, to breed him to his own bufinefs. He (bill found time to indulge the bent of his indinatiofl to cludical learnin'T; iti which Horace was the author th.,t ftruck his fancy mod. He was foon taken notice of by lome polite company thiit iifed his uncle's lioufe ; among uliom was (he cail of Dor- kt ; who !)eing there one day ni'h .^cv?ral o- rlier gentlemen of r.:nk, the di;'courfe hajr. pened to turn upon a pailage in an ode bfWo-. race, and the company bein'^ divided in their ientiments, one of the gentlemen fiid, there- is, if I am not mifhiken, a young fJIow \n the houfe, who is able to fet us ri^ht ; and naming Matt. Prior, he was immediaiely f.nr tor ; and being defired to give his opinion -of Horace's meaning on the ode under debate he did it wiih fuch an ingenious modclty* and fo miwh to the f^tisfaAion of the com- pany, that tlie J-:ari of Dorfet, from that mo- ment, determined to remove him from the bufinefs of a tavern into a way of life for which he was fo auuiirably qualified: and, accordingly, procured him' to be fent to St! John's college in Cambridge, where he very gcneroufly helped to fupport him in a hand- fome manner. He was admitted 1682, ani proceeding A. B. ibg6, was fhortly after chofen a fellow of the coll.,-ee. During his refidence there, he contradted an intimacy North iiQmprtnta,\i\.cmtrelr.t,Yi- JTomakcjwith Charles Montat;ue, of Trinity -col le"' a mark by prefTing one thing on another. To 1 in the fame univerfity ; ;md Mr Dryden hav- prcfs, fo as to leave its form. Toformby'ing publifhcd this 3ear, his poem, called " - ^ - ' ■'" -■ ' tile Hind and Panther, Prior joined with Mr. Montague in writing the Hind and Pan- ther Traverfcd, to tiie ftory of the Country Moufe and the City Moufc, publifhed 1687. The next year Mr. Prior wrote his Ode upon the neceflaiy exiftence of the Deity, for ati exercife at the college. He was now become the admirntion and delight of Cair.brid'jc ; but however could not think of fpendingliis life in that una(f>ive retreat. Hjvin<; iomc preflure. To take otfany fsntence, letter, or the works of any author from types in aprefs. Neuterly, to print a bo.)k. PRINT, S. a nurk or form made bv pref- fure. Pi<ffures taken by imprefHon from wood or copper. The form, fize, or arrangement of types ufed in printing books. A formal me- thod or manner. PRI'N TKR, S. a perfon who compofes, or takes imprefTions from type?, or from en- graved plates, by means of aprefs and ink. | friends at court, he went to London^^ ifi^ig t)nethat takes off imprefTions trom plates, or | and immediately applied to his friend' Fleet- wood on linen PRPNTLESS, S. having no mark or Im- prefHon. PRl'OR, S. Adj. [Lat.] before fomething in time or order. PRl'OR, S. [prkur, Fr.] the hcadof acon- Vrnt, ne.xt in dignity to an abbot. PRl'OR, [Matthew] celebrated for the cafy humour and elegant talle of his poetical writings ; his father Mr. George Prior, was a reputable citizen and joiner, in London, where Matthew was born, July 21, 1664. Our author was very young when his father <lied, and o'as committed by him to the care of wood Shepherd, Kf>j; with an addrcf< that was drawn up peculiar to himfelf, and iire- fiflibly engaging. Accordingly, at the foli- citation of that gentleman, he was introduced by the Earl of Dorfet, to the court ; and, ibgo, their majeliit-s appointed him fecretary on the part of the Kngiilh, in the congrefs at the H.'gue; the Karls of Pembroke and Port- land, together with the Lord Durllcy, (after- wards earl of Berkley) being amhiitll'.ors and plenipotentiaries. As this was an almofl unexampled fplendid aflcnibly, in which loo an affair of the lall importance was under confideration, it gave Mr. Prior an oppor- LikbrotJier, a vintner at Charing-crofs, whol tuiiity of exertiuy ail liis talent* tor bufinefs. P R I and he acquitted himfclf tterein, fo much to the fucist-iftion of his royal mailer, that, in the refokuion to keep him near his perfon, he appointed him a j^entleinan of his bed- chamber, i his fitiuition giving him ieifure to indulge his genius, he coiiipofed feveral fmall pieces of poetry, and gladly embraced every occalion, that uie events of the ^var of- fered, of making his poeticjl talents fci vice- able to the honour of his country. Upon the tii-ft refokuion moved towards fettling a peac^j .'6g6, he was again employed in tr.e P R I port of lord chamberlain this year, our unJcr- fecrctary's place became void; btit it was not long before he obtained another I I;e fame year, which was more agreeable to liis humour; for upon Mr. Lock's religning his fc.it at the board of trade, on accouiil of bis ill (fate of health, Mr. Prior was appointed to fuc- ceed him, and was ele<fkd a reprefentative for Ea(l-Grin(lead, in Sullex, in the new parliament, which met in Feliruarv, 1700-1, 'AJicrc he voted for impeaching the feveral 1 rJs charged with advifmg the partition poft of fecrecarv to the Englilh negociations, treaty. Upon queen .Anne's acctflion to the at the treaty Oi Kvfwick, 1697, having been throne, a v\ar breakingout again witii France, Dominated thie fame year principal fecretary of rtatc in Ireland: In :6c)S, he went fecre- tary t3 the embaiTy to Jrr.mcc, vhich polt he contmued during the fuccellivs em- l)afTi:s of the two carls of Portland and Jer- fey ; he had not been long in France, when one -i rhc • •'^cers of the French king's houiiijiil, 1! . ..u him the royal ap::rtments and curioii.. of Verfailles, pointed io a par- ticu'i'.r mi. ner to the viflories of Lewis XI'-'. painted by Le Erun; and alking, *' V\'h;'iiier king William's adiions were to *« l;t -en aifo in his palace ?" " No, Sir, *' ( fvvered the Engilh fecretary) the monu- *' n.;fnts of my mafter's adlions are to be fcen ** every where but in his own lioufe." i^e did not leave Paris till fome time alter the our author, conftantly zeaiousin his coantry's caufc, exerted again his poetical talents in her honour; firll, in that inimitable letter of hiS to monlicur Rcileau Dcfpreaux, occafioncd by the viflory at Blenheim, 1 704 ; and again, in his Ode, humblj infcribed to the queen, on the glorious fuccels ot her majelly's arms, 17CO. But as foon as he thought the general was too much influenced by private views to proiorg the war, he honeftiy concurred with ;he inclination of his f vereign for peace; and, 1710. he joined with ibme of tiie bright- elf wits in the nation in writing the Examiner; uheie that part of t];e general's conduft was leverely handled. In 1711, when the queen determined to tre.it with France, Ihe pitched upon Mr. I'rior to carry her demands toward arrival of the third ambaflador there from a pacification ; for which purjwfe he was ap- Eng'and, the earl of Manchei'ler, to whom 1 pointed her majelly's miniiier pit-nipotentiary he was of fingiilar fervice. For thot. gh the | to th.it C(?urt j having been made one of the powers of his royal commiffion wfre now commiCioneis of the cuftoms a little before, fuperfeded, yet his perfcnal qualities had He made dU the neceflury difpatch which this rendered him fo much the delight of the afi'air requir-d, and returned in a few ueeks to YrcnJi monarch, that he was flill particulaily London, accompanied by the French mini.'"- powerful in that court. About the middle of ter, Mr. Mefnager, who wasferniftied by his Augufi, 1609, lie went thence to king Wil- liam at Loo in Holland ; whence, after a long and very particula- audience of hi> niajelty, he departed with his orders by the way of the Hague for England, where he rrived about the middle of October, and irr mediately took poflelhon of the under fecretary's feat, in the office of the earl of Jerfey. Lut he had not been many days in this nev.' employment, be- fore he was ordered back to Paris, to aiTifl; the ambafTador, with his interetl in that court, upon the affur of the parnrion treaty. He difpatched this bufinefs to the entire fatisfac- tioii of both the fovereigns, and returned to Lond(4i with the quicknefs of a courier. This fame year, in Chriftmas holidays, he printed his celebrated poem, called Carmen SecLiiare In the midft of thcfe concerns for the public welfare, an opportunity was given him, in the year 1700, of teliining his du- tiful regard for the reputation of the univer- fity, which he fulfilled with all imaginable alacrity; and that learned body, the fan'.e year, with equal gladnds, executed the king's mandamus, m conferring upon him the degree €)f M, A. Ihe earl ci' Jei/ey accepting the mailer with full powers to fign preliminaries; and feme of the mcetinas in this negotiation were held at Mr. Trior's houfe; who, by the common requeft cf all the committee of the privy council, iutrufted in this matter, was joined with them in the commifljon to fign the articles after the agreement on the part of her majefly, who was likewife inclined to join him with the two minifters at Utrecht, to take care of commei'cial affairs ; but the high fpirit of the earl or Strafford having pofitively refufed to be joined in conrmilhon with a perfon of fo mean an extradlion, and threatning to lay down his employment, the bufinefs of trad6 was committed to the lord privy feal. How- ever, he was fent again, on the firft of Augufir, 1712., to France, in order to accommodate fuch matters as then remained iinfcttlcd in the congrtfs at Utrecht. From the end of this mouth, he had the appointments and autho- rity of an ambaflador ; and though he did not afiiime the public ch.;radler, till after the duke of Shrewfbury's departure, yet the burthen of the embafly lay upon him duiing his grace's flay, who rather gave a fanftion to it, by his high quality, ihaa contributed to the difpatch of I P R I if she negocintions. In the latter enJ of Oc- .:^ei- he was fciit to England upon an affair of neat inipoitance, with a credential le'.terfiom die French king to the queeii, and returned ith her maje'ty's anfwer about the middle of ' November. Thefe letters are remarkable prjofs 'i' his being in the higheft favour at both • lurts i and he was continued in the pofl of ;,er majefty's air.bafraJor and plenipotentiary j ,i\ the Ibrmer as long as (he lived. He re- mained at Paris alfo in the charafter of a jniblic minifter fome months after the accef f2on of king George I. at whofe appointment he was fucceeded by the earl of Sraiiv who, puifuant to his direftions, took poffeilion of all his predecei'or's papers. The great change that happened in the public management of affairs at this time, occafioned Mr. Prior to be detained in France, without any public character ; and, upon his arrival in England, on March 45, 17 15, he was immediately taken up by an order of the houfe of com- mons, and committed to the hands of a mef- fenger. On April i, following, he under- went a ftrift examination before a committee of the privy-council ; and at tlie concluficn of it was removed from his o\un houfe, where he had continudd till then, and laid under a flri<fler confinement in that of the meffenger's. Upon the icth of June following, Robert Walpole, Efq; (afterwards earl of Orford) moved the houfe of commons for an impeach- ment againft him ; and on the 17th he was ordered into clofe cuflody, and no perfcn to be admitted to fee him, without leave from the fpeaker; and, 1717, when the a£t of grace was parted, Mr. Prior, who lay (HU at the mercy of the houfe of commons, was one of the perfons excepted out of it. Notvvith- Itanding this, he was foon afier difcharged, without any further profecution, or being call- ed to a trial. He wrote an account of the pro- ceedings in his examination before the com- mittee of council, which, together with the >ll ufage he thought he had met with in the fecret committee of the houfe of commons, occafioned him to undertake a defence of himfelf and the miniltry, in the four laft years of queen Anne's reign, in anfwer to the charge alledged againft them in that re- port. He fpent the remainder of his days, retired from bnfinefs, in the company of his mufe, being fettled at Down-Hall, a fmali village in the county of Eflex ; which, by the generofity of Robert Harley, earl of Ox- ford, he was poiTelTi^ of for his life. Hav- ing finiflied his Solomon on the vanity of the world, he made a cojleftion of all his poems, and publiflied them by fubfcription in one volume folio, with a moft elegant dedi- cation to the duke of Dorfet, at a grateful memorial of his father's patronage of the aurhor. Some time after this, he formed a iiCign of writing a hiftory of his own timo ; which, «onfidcrJng the part he bore himfelf P R I in many national tran rations, the opportu- nities he had of being well informed con- ccrnino oihers, added to the extraordinary talents he pofleffed of every part of fine lite- rature, could hardly fail of being a very va- huiLile work ; but he had made very lictlc pvo'ijrefs in it, when a lingering fever, put a pfnod to his work and to his life, September the eighteenth, 1711, in the fifty-e'.glitk year ot iiis age ; he died at Wimple, a feat of the earl of Oxford, .'on to thi: lord-trea- furer, not far from Cimbridge ; and Iiis corpfe was interred, according to his own di- refiions, in Weftminfler- Abbey, where a fl.iti.ly monument is erc<f^ed to his mcniory, for which lalt piece of lium;:n vanity, he ft-t a-part 500 1. by his will; bcfides a hurt: of himfelf, done by Coriveaiix, e>2<:]uifitciy per- formed, and jbnds at the top of his monu- ment; the infcription beneath being wrore by Dr. Robert Friend, then head .mafter of Wcilminlier-lchool. After his death, an<^ tlier fmall colleftion of his nueins was pub- lilhed ; and fince llmt there came out a piece in 1740, entitled, The hirtory of his ovi'n time, compiled from the original mnnu- fcripts of his late excellency Matthew ]'rior> Efq; and fome poems in a feparate volume. Notwithftanding the many high pofls and u- crative employments whicl) he had enjoyei in the courfeof his life, he died at laft jcl- low of St. John's college in Camhrid'ge, which was tlie only preferment he was then pofleflfd of. We have the following (lory concerning this part of his condudt, that after he became a minifter of ftate, he was often told, that a iellovvfliip was too trifii; g an affair for him to keep ; particularly when he wa.^ made ambaffador, fome peifons intimated to him, that the fellowOiip was baldly con- fident with that ch.:ra<!ler ; but he rcpiie<S, ' That every thing he had bolides was pre- ' carious, and when all failed, that wniiKl ' be bi-ead and cheefe, at lead, and therefore ' he did not mean to refign it.' However, he made amends for his humour in hi.'^ will, where he left the college a i'et of books, to the value of 200 1. to be chofen out of his (ludy by that fociety ; as alfo his own piiifurc, and another of the earl of Jerfcy. In purfu- ance whereof, all the books, wliich are in very magnificent bindings, are placed in the college library, all together in one defk, vvliich they fill, and over it is fet the benefa(fl:or's piflure, done by La Belle in France; it is at full length, in a fitting pofture, very riciily drelTed, en embaffadcur, and finely painted ; and is faid to have been a piefent to Mr. PrJor by Lewis XIV. who gave the painter ico pifloles for it. PRI'ORESS, S. a lady who is thefupeHor of a convent of nuns. PP.IO'RITY, S. the flate of being before in time ,r place. PROIRY, S, a coavent next in dignity to a» abbey. PRI'- P R I tRl'SAGE, S. [prlfe, Fr.]a cuflom wl)crc- ty the king challenges two tons ot wine at Ms own price out of every bark leaden with kis tlian forty tons of thut commodity. PRISM, S. [Fr. -Trpia-fxa, Gr.J a glafs bounded with twoequal and parallel triangular ends, and three plain and we!l polifhed iides, eftecm PR O PR I'VY, S. a place of retirement. A rtf- cefiary-houle. PRIZE, S. ff>'ix, Fr.] a rewnrd gained by conqucfh Plunder, from ^ci/ir, Fr. To PRIZE, V. A. [h-om cj/fraifc; ajifrc-' c:a:-r., Ital. pr-fer, Fr.j to rate, value, or which meet in three paiullel lines, running from the three angles of one end, to the three angles of the other end 3 ufed in experiments on light and colours. PRISMA'TIC, Adj. formed like a prifm. k'RISMO'ID.S. [iTfis-fxci, and £15©-, Gr.] a body approaching to the form of a prifm. PRISON, S. [Fr.] a place in which male- faftors and debtors are confined. To PRI'SON, V. A. to confinein a gaol. PRISONER, S. a perfon confined in a gaci. One taken by an enemy. One under arreft. PRI'STINE, Adj. [frijlinus, Lat.] fixd ; original : former. PRl'THEE, a familiar corruption oi pray thee , for I pray flee. PRI'VACY, S. the flate of being f.eret, concealed, or hid. A retirement. Joint knowledge. PRIVA'DO, S. [Span.] a fecret friend. PRl'VATE, Ai] [prlnjatus, Lat J fecret. Without company ; alone. In no public Na- tion. Particular. In private, implies, fe- cretly. PRIVATE'ER, S. a fhip fitted out by private peifons againft an enemy. ToPRl'VATEE,R, V. A. [from the noun] to fit out fliips againfl enemies at the charge of private perfons. PRI'VATENESb, S. the quality of being retired, fecret, or alone. PRIVA'TION, S. [Fr. prl-vath, Lat.] the af\ of deflroying fomething which has had an exiflence. The abfence of what does naturally belong to a th ing. The ad of de- grading from an office. PRl'VATE, Adj. [pri-uatlf, Fr. prmati- t/utf Lat.] depriving or robbing a thing of that which belongs to it. Confifting in the abftnce of fomething ; oppofed to pofitive. PRI'VATIVE, S. that which confjftsin the abfence of fomething elfe. PRI'VATIVENESS," S. notation of ab- fence of fomething that fiiould be prefent. PRl'VET, S. a plant. The ever-green. PRI'VILEGE, S. [Fr. prl-uUeghm, Lat.] a peculiar advantage, immunity, or right. To PRI'VILEGE, V. A. to invelt with peculiar rights or immunities. To exempt fromcenfure or danger. PRPVILY, Adv. in a fecret manner. PRl'VITY, S. \prl'-ja:itc', Fr.] private com- munication. Conlcioufnefs. In the plural, the fecret parts PRIZEF'IGHTER, S. one that fights publickly for money. PRO, [Lat.] for; in defence of. Prt and ro7r\f:r and a^ahijl. PROBABI'LITY, S. [prohaimte,Vr. pro- labUitas, Lat.] the appearance of the agree- ment or difagr-cment of two ideas, by the in- tervention of proofs, whofe com.e^ion is not conftant, but appears for the molt part to be fo. PROBA'BLE. Adj. [Yr. pr,l>ab!lh,'L^t.'] capable of having better arguments brought- for than againrt it, but not certain or demon- llrative. ' PRO'B.'^BLY, Adv. likely ^ in likelihood.- PRO'B.'^T, S. the proof of wills in the fpiritual court. PRO'BATION, &. [Fr. prdath, Lat.} proof or evidence. A ftate of trial or exami- nation. A trial before being admitted to a monadic life. PROBA'TIONARY. Ad}, fcrving for trial. PROB.'^'TIONER, S. one in a flate of trial. A novice. PROBA'TORY, Ad). [/!«io, Lat] feiv- ing for trial. HROBA'TUM Est, a Latin exprelTion added t© the end of a receipt, figftifying It h tried or nffrot'cr! of. PROBE, S. [frcbo, Lat.l a flender inOru- ment or wire ufed in fearching the depth ol wounds. To PROBE, V. A. Ipi-oio, Lat.] to fearch a wound by an in(lr\unenr. PRO'BE-SCI.SSARS, S. fcl.Tars, which have a button at thcendof oneof thtir flunks, which is thru ft into a wound. PRO'BITY, S. {trobit/, Fr. proiitat, Lat.] approved honefiy, fincerity or vera- city. PRO'BLEM, S, [Fr. wp'Sxnyay Gr.] a queflion propofed. PROBLEMA'TICAL, Adj. [frcbkma- tiqiie, Fr.] uncertain. Difputuble. PROBO'SCIS, S. [Lat.] The trunk of an el'phant, and applied to that part of any other animal, which refcmbles it. PRO'A'ClOUb, Adj. [precox, Lat] pe- tulant ; loofe. PRO'CACITY, S. [from frocacicus] pe- tulance. PROCATA'RCTICK. Adj. [7rpwca7«f>'.- lixtc, Gr.] forerunning ; antecedent. PROCE'DURK, S. [Fr.] a manner of PRl'VY, Adj. \prk'e, Fr] private, af- a<fling or cond.ia. Procsfs or operation. Pro- figned to fecret uies. Oppofed to p^l^lic. [duce. Clandeftine j fecret j conlcious. To PROCEE'D, Y. N. [frcccdcr^ ^'^'"T PRO ctdo, Lat.] to pafs from one thing or pJace to another. To go or march in halte. To ilTue or arife from. To be tranfiidted. To advance, or make a progiefs. To take effcft. To be propaqatcd. To bt produced by an original caiifc. PROCEE'D, S. produce or profit. LTed in law and conir.icrce, but not to be imi- tated. PROCEE'DING, S. [;roccdc, Fr.] pro- grels from one thing or a^ion to another. PROCE'LLOUS, Adj. [procdlojus, Lat.j (tormy; tcnipcduous PROCE'PriON, S. id of taking fome- thin^ (ooner liian another. PKOCE'RIRY, S. [proceritas, Lat.] tali- riefs PRO'CESS, S. [froccs, Yr.procejjus, Lat.] a progrefsor courfc. GruJual progreis, Courfe. Methodical and gradual feries. Courfe of law. PROCE'SSTON, S. [Fr. pyocejjio, Lat.] a train marching in a ceremonious folemnity. A cavalcade. ' To PROCE'SSION, V. N. to march in procertion or form* PROCE'SMONTAL, Adj. \Sxom proajfion] relating to proceiTion. PRO'CHRONISM, S. [ irpox^CncrfA.^, Gr.j an error in chronology; a dating a thing before it happened. PRO'CIDtNCE, S. Iprocidcnt'ia, Lat. ] falling downj dependence below its natural place. PRO'CINCT, S. Iprcchiaus, Lat.] com- plete preparation j preparation brought to the point of acftion. To PROCLA'iM, V. A. [pnclamer, Fr. proclamo, Lat.] to denounce or publifh in a folemn or legal manner. To tell openly. To out-law. PROCLAMATION', S. \Yx. prodamauo, Lat.] the adl of publiihing any thing folemn- ly and by authority. PROCLAMATION, S. [ proclamath, Lat.] publication by authority; a declaration of the king's will openly publiOied among the people PROCLI'VITY, S. [proclhiras, Lat.] tendency, natural inclination or bias. Rea- dinefs. PROCLI'VOlJS, Adj. [procU-vh, Lat,] inclined ; tending by nature. PROCO'NSUL, S. [Lat.] a Roman of- ficer, who governed a province with confu- lar authority. PROCO'NSULSIIIP, S. [£tom pmonfid] the olfice of a proconful. To PROCRA'STINATE, V. A. [pro- crajiiiiatui, Lat.] to dcf('r or put off from day to day. Neutcrly, to be dilatory. PROCRASTINA'TION, S. \procraJlwa- t':o, Lat. J the a£l of delaying from time to time. PRO PRO'CREANT, Adj. \procnans, Lat.] pri)du<fiive, propagating. To PRO'CREATE, V. A. [pracurjus Lat. ] to generate or produce as a parent. PROCREATION, S. [fr. procreailt\ Lat.] the acft of o;eiicrating. PROCREA'TJVE, Adj. generative r ' prodiKflive. PROCREA'TOR, S. generator, begetter. PRO'CTOR, S. [contr;nficd from P'ocw^ rutor, Lat.] a manager of anotlicr's affiir.«. An attorney in a fpir tual court. A magif- trate of the imiverfity. PRO'CIORSHIP, S. the office of a pro(flor. PRO'CUMBENT, AJj. [[>yocu,rdcr.s, Lat. I lyinjT nloni;; prone. PkOCU'kAf'LE, Adj. [from p.-ccurc} that uhich may be arquiied. Pj^O'CURaCY, S. lbs n;an.igemcnt of any thing. FROCI RATION, S. [hom procure] ihs 2l(\ of getting or procuring l-ROCL'RA'TOR, S. [.Lat.] manag.r or oiic that tr.inl'afts bufincfs for another. PKOCURATO'RIAL, Adj. made by a pro.f^cr. PROCURATOR Y, Adj tending to pre curacion. To PROCURE, V. A. f/^wr/r:, Lnt.] procurir, Fr.] to tranfafl for another. Tff obtain, to acquire by labour or thought. To contrive or obtain by contrivance. To pre- vail on or biirtg. Neutcrly, to aifi as a bjwj or pimp. PROCU'RER, S. one that gaif^s ; an ob- tainer. A pimp ; a pander. PROCU'REiS, 6. a female who fuppliei with pioilitutes. PROT 1 GAL, A dj \pro,ri^i,s, Lat p,vdl~i,e, Fr. ] profufe, fpending to excefs. Lavilh. PRO' JGAL, S. a peilon who fpends to excefs. PRODIG AMITY, S. [prodiaalh/, Fr.'] the aft or qu^ility of Ipending to excefs. PRODIGI'OUS, Adj. I prcJ:p;i:ux, F-. predigi'jfus, Lat.] fonicthing which caufcs wonder and adonifhmcnt fiom its novelty, greatnefs, or being out of common courfe of nature. PRODI'GIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner as to amaze. PRO'DIGY, S. \trcdigk, Fr. prodlgmm, Lat. J any thing out of the common couric of nature. Any thing which allonilhes by its grcatnefs or novelty. PRODI' HON, S. [prodiLw, Lat.] trea- fon ; treachery. PRODITO'RIOUS, Adj. [from prcdi- tor, Lat. J traiterous; treacherous j perfidi- ous. Apt to m;(ke difcovtries. To PRODU'CE, V. A. {pro':uco, Lat.] to offer to view or notice. To bring as an evi- dence. To bear, applied to vegetables. To C c c cawfe P R P eavife or gcnentc. In mathematics, to pro- loiij; or lengthen a line. Pt<0'DUCF:, S. that which any thmg yields. Amount, profit, or gain. I'RODL CER, S. [t'loni ^rMUic] one that generates or produces. PRODU'CIBLE, Adj. [from froduu-] fiich as may be exhibited. Such as may be generated or made. PRO'DUCT, S. {prodi/ftus, Lat.] fome thing yielded by l.inds, vegetables, or money. A work or compofuion. An eUtdt. PRODU'CTILE, Adj. which may be produced. PRODU'CTIONT, S, [Fr.] the aft of making. The thing born or yielded. A compofltion. PRODU'CTIVE, Adj. having the power to cfurct or produce. PaOEC'TKRSIS, S. [Gr ] a figure in jhetoiic, whereby a perfon detends himfclf or anotlier perfon as iinblameable, in an an- f .ver ci ntainingthe rcaLn of what he has faid or done. PRC'EINI, S. lproe?!:e, Fr. ttjoi/^';*, Gr.] a preface or introdudion. PROEPIZEUXIS, S. [Gr.] a figure in grammar, when a verb is put between two nouns, which ought to he placed at the end. PROFANA'TION, S. [Fr.J the ad of applying any thing facred to common ufe. li reverence to holy perfuns or things. PROFA'NE, Adj. [Fr. profums, Lat.] wanting in regard t»» facred ptrfoiis or things, compofed by men uniiifpircd, and relpedting fecular things, applied to hiltcry. Polluted. Not purified by holy ri;cs. To PROFA'NE, V. A. Ipropm, Lat. pio- faner, Fr.j lo apply any thing facied to com- mon ufe. To be irreverent to lacrcd perfons or things. PROFA'NELY, Adv. with irreverence to facred names or thirgs. PP.OFA'NENESS, S. want of due reve- rence to things or peifons facred. To PROFE'SS, V. A. [fnfefjlr, Yx. pro- feffui, Lat ] to declare one's felf m the lirong cit terms; to be of any opinion or religion ; to lay claim to, or declare one's Hiill in, any art or Lience. 1 o ULciare openly. To de- clare friendlllip. PROFESSION', S. [Fr.] a calling or em- rlovmc"'- ^ declaration, 'i he aft of de- claring one's felf of any pany or opinion.- PROFE'SiOR, S. {prof^jjhir, Fr. one who openly declares himfelf of any opinion or party. One who publickly priftifcs or teaches an art. One who is vifibly religious. PROFE'S>ORSHlP, S. the (lationor of- fice of a public te:icher of any art. To HRO'f FER, V. A. [p'^ofao, Lat. prsfirer, Fr.] to piopofe or offer of one's own accord. To attempt. PRO'fFER, S. ancfiiimade. An elFay •r rtttenipt. PRO PROFE'CTION, S. [from prcfcPAo, Lat.^ pro^refHon. PROFPCIENCE, fl^OFI'CIENCY, S. Iptojicisns, Lat. J profit. Improvement in any thing. P.<OFrCIENT, S. ^profichns, Lat.] one who has made advancement in any fludy or bufinefs. PROFI'CUOITS, Adj. [profcuus, Lat.] advantageous; ufcfHl. PROi' Pl-E, S. [Fr] the fide face: an half f;:ce. PRO'FIT, S. [Fr.] gain or advantage. Improvement. To PRO'FIT, V. A. [profter, Fr.] to confer benefit or advantage. To improve. Neulcrly, to gain advantage. To make im- provement. To be of I) fc. PRO'FITAi^LE, Adj. fuch as confers gain, improvement, or advantage. PRO'FITAI^LENESS, S. the quality of conferring gain, in>provement, or advantage, PRO'FlTACLY,^.dv. gainfully ; advan- tageoully. 'PRG'FITLESS, Adv. without gain or ad- vantage. PKOTLIGATE, Adj. [prcfigatus, Lat."| abandoning to vice. Loft to virtue and de- cency PRO'FLIGATE. S. one that has loft all fenfe of virtue and decency. PROTLIGAIELY, Adv. [from profH- frati;] (hamelelly. PRO'FLJGATENESS, S. [from pr-fi- j-a.v) the (Quality of being profligate. J'RO'FLUENCE, S. [l'rorr.prof-je;:t] pro- grefs J courfe. PRO'FLUENF, Adj. [profitience, Lat.] I flowing fcrw:;rds " Pr.jhcnt ftreams." Milt. \ PROFOL'ND, Adj. fnfundus, Lat. //-o- \fcr.d, Fr. J deep ; defcending below the furtace. Low with refptft to the fituation of other things. Not cafily underftcod. Produced by intenfe ftuJy, PROFOU'ND, S. the feaorabvfs. PROFOU'NDLY, Adv. with great reach of knowledge or contrivance. I PROFOU'KDNESS, S. depth, applied to 'place cr knowledge. I PROFU'NDITY, S. depth of place or knowledge. PROFL"Sr, Adj. [profufu!, Lat.] lavifti ; liberal, cw abounding to cxcefs. PROFU'-^ENESS. S. hofpitality j expence or pleiuy to excefs. I'ROFL'SION, S. [Fr.^ro/«>, Lat ], ex- travagance, or excefs in expence, liberality or abimdance. To PROG, V. N. to rob, fteal or ftiift meanly for viftuals. PROG, S. viftuals, or provifions of any kind. PROGE'NITOR, S. [Lat.'j an anceftor or relation in a direft line. mC'C^NY, PRO PRO'GENY, S. [frogcrae, Fr. pro^Uffcs-, Lat.j a race: OlFspring. PROGNO'STIC, Adj. [progiwp^ue, Fr. fee Prog.vogticate] betokening difeafe or recovery before. PROGNO'STIC, S. the Mil of foretell ing dileares or their events. A prediiflioii. ToPROGNO'SriCATE, V. A. [from 9rf5, and ■yiVMc->iai, Gr.j to i'oretel or forelhosv by means of fome token. P.^OGKOS I IFICa'TIOy, S. the aft of foreknowing or forcfhowirg by fome token. PROGNOS nCA'TOR, S. foreteller ; forcknov.er. PRO'GRAM, S. [programme, Fr. •Tres- y^ctj^ixa., Gr.] an ti\Cc. or proclamation ; alfo a bill g'ving notice of fomething to be tranfafted in a fchco! or univerfity. PRO'GRESS, S. [frvres, Fr. prognfji,:, Lat.] courfe. Pa.^age. Motion Ibrward. Im- provemeiK. A circuit or journey. To PRO'GRESS, V. N. [progrcdlor, Lat.] to move forward ; lo pafs. PROGRE'SSION, S [¥r. ffogr:jr:o, Lat.] a regular and gradual advmre. Motion ; Courie forward ; pailige; improvement. PROCRESSr/i:, Adj. \frogreff, Fr.] going for\*ard : Advancing or increjling gra- «lually. PROGRE'SSIVELY, Adv. by gradual fteps or regular courfe. PROGRE'SSIVENESS, S. the ftate of moving forward To PROHJ'BIT, V. A. [pyohlleo, !.at ] to firhid by authority. To dciiar or hinder. PROHlBl'iTON, S. [VT.p,oki!>;:io, Lat.] the a(fh of forbiddinrr, including the idea of authonty. PROHi'CJTORY, Adj. implying prohi- bition ; forbidiling. To PROJE'Cl', V. A. \projtFnan. Lat.] to thiow out or caft forward. To exhibit a form or reprefentation, alluding to that in a looking-glaf;. To contrive ; from ^r,/;?.'(V-, Fr. Neutcriy, to jut our or ilioot forward. PRO'fEC r, S. a fchemeor contrivance PRO'JECTILE, S. a body c.(l forwards, upwards, or put in motion. PROJE'CTILE, Adj. [Fr.] impcUed.for- ward. PROJF.'CTION, S. the aft of CiooTin? forwards. A plan or delineation. A fchen-e or pUn of aftion. In chcniiltry, ati opcia- tion, or the crifisof an op'^rration. PROJR'C 1 OR,-S. one that employs him felf in forming fcliemcs or defigns. One that forms wild and i.)ipia£licahle fchemes. PaOJF'ClURE, S. a jutting out. To PROIN, V. A. f cor-'upted fiom ;;«w , to lop ; to cut ; totiim; to prune To PROLATE, V. N. \p,cUum, Lat.] to fpcak. pronoimce, or utter. PROLATE, Adj. \p,ch<tui, Lat.] oblate •r fiat. PROL.VTION, S. [fnlatui, Lut.] pro- PRO nnnciatich, utterance. Delay; afl of defcf- rin.i. PROLEGO'MFNA, S. [Cr.] a previous or introduftory difcousfe. IROLE'l'SIS, S. ;Gr.; :. -cm of rhe- toiic, in which objc<fiions are aniitipated. FROLE'P\lCAL, Adj previous j ante-" cedent. PROLE'PTICALLY, Adv. by way f an- ticipation cr l;'rtveht:ori. PROLETA'RIAN, Adj. mean; vile. " Proktaiian tvthing men." I'luiuli PROLTF!C,PROLI'FICAL, Adj. r/;'o- //5j-r.T, Fr. --r.c, .-nd fach, Lat.j fruitful. Cegetting ch::dren. Producflive. _ PRO.iFJCA'ilON, S. gcnel-ation of cliildicn. PRO'LTX, Adj. [jro'lxe, Fr. froHxu,^ Lat.] loiig; ted!ou5 by lenorN. ■ PROLIXI'TY, S. r^rrfot./, Fr.] the qua- lity of be'no tirefome through length. Fl'Oi.rXN'ESS, S. tcdioufiiefs. PROLCCJ'; OR, S. I l.at.] a foreman or perfon chofcn bv a lOiieiv to be their fneakei- PROLCCU'TORSHrP, S. the office or dignity cf a prolocutrr. PRO'LOGUE, S [Fr. Trp., and ycyo^ Cr.J ari intrcduftcry Jifcoi.rrc, p. cu i .rly aj ph^d to a poem fynkcn btfoie a nijv. To PRO'LOCUE, V. A. to introduce Ly a formal difcourfe. 'loPROLO'NG, V. A. ^pokrgsr, Fr.] to I'T.gihen out. To pjit off loni;.f. 1 RO LONG A'T ION, S. [Fr.] the aft of lengthening. Delay to a longer time. PKOLU'.SION, S. r/.-='/.i^, Lat.] an en- tertainment or diverting periv;imaiice PROMLSTKNT. Adj. \fro,>u>:e^s, Lat.j (la.-.ding out beyond the other parts. rRO'RIIMENCY, S. Sfromr.amn, Lat.] the quality of (landing out hejor.d the other parts. PROMl'SrCOUS, Adj. 'pm^ur.um, L.t.J minpKd: Oinfufed ; wlth.nit dlniinft'o i PnOMI.VCO'OUSLY, Adv. indifcrimi- naicly : vuth a confuted mixture. PRO'iVH.^E, S. {Yx.prcir.-ffum, Lat.] nfui- ranee g'ven of famcihing to t;e done, or f)me benefit to be conferred. Figuratively, hope, or gro'.md of hope. ' •lol'RO'iVJISF, V. A. \prcvlfj]:!, Lat.] to give a perfon no'ice or afiuianee tf fome benefit to be conferred. Ktuterly, to aiTuie by words. ■ P,!(VN'I=;^OPY, Adj. r_jft..,,,.^A-,.:..,^ y^^f-j cint. lining profciTion of fome benefit to be cwifcr'ed, or of lcn:e debt to bi- jaid. PRCVMONr, PROMONTORY, S. ' pnmuritirc, Tw promontcihuv, \^9l,^ a hcad- Lmd, cape, or high land jutting into the fea. ToPkOMO'TE, V. A. ^fron^rj,<,. Lav] to forward, ot ;,dvanre. I'o p.( for or exalt. PROMO' I ION, S. advafjccmeni or p e- ferment. C c c 4 T« PRO To PRO'MOVK, V. A. f/J/r;;;--?,-?, Lat.] to promote ; to foiward ; to advance. rRO.vri'T, Adj. [pro,i-pt, Fr. quick; resdy. \v'il iiK^, withoL-t any new motive" or incen'ive R ad/, or pcrt'ormsd immed atdy, applied fo p Is ni;iit. To PROV P r, V. A. [proti'are, lt..l. j to bcli> a peiioii uhcn at a h.-.fs in repeating by henrr. o incite. To remind. PRO'MPrta, S. one who alTifts a pub- lic fpeaker when at a Lis; or who peifuidcs or adviles a pc-rfon to do a thing. PROMi-TlTLDE, S. [Fr.] quickncfa; rcddinefs. PRO'MPTNESS, S. rsadinefs; alacrity. PFvO'MPTL ARY, S. |'/..5r.-/>f;.j;'v, Fr. f;-jKptuan:i!): ,1'i'i- I a (lorchoufe or magaiine. To FROMU'LGA 1 E, V. A, [i>-on:,<!^a- tus, Lat.] to puhdih or m;ike known by pub- lic declaration. PROMULGA'TION, S. lpron::i!ga:io, Lar] piibl'ditii n ; open exhibition. To I'ROM'J LGcL.Y. A. [(>iamul^o,Lr.] to puM.ih or IcjcIi openly. PROAIU'LGKR, S. one that publilhes, or teaches or*:i!y. PRONE, Adj. \f>ro!:u-i, Lat.] bending or looklr.g downwnrds. Lying with the tact flownwai-ds. Sloping, applied to the place. Inclined, or difpolcd to ; generally ufed in an ill icnfe, and t'ollowed by to. FRO'^JENESS, S the (late of bending, flooping, or lying with the f:ce downwards. Defcent. Inclin.ition ; ufed in an ill f-infe. PRON'G, S. [pi-ora^hen Belg. to fqueezej a fork with two or more hhdes. PRONOU'N, S. [pnr.on:, Yr. froii'ir.cn, Lat. J wor.ls ufed inlieadot nouns or nami'S. To PRONOU'NCE V. A. \pra:oi:ccr, Fr. pnrunck, Lat J to fpcak or utter. To litter or deliver ia public. . i o form or aiti- culate. Ncuterly, to fpeak with con.'idcnce or authoiity. PRONU.VCIA'TION, S. Fr. frcmwiia- t:g, Lat.] thi; acl: or manner of uttering. PROOF, S [from /-.rfri'-J evidence or ar- gument ma-le lo confirm or eftablilh a facl or opinion. Tcft or trial Form; temper^ Ca- piciry of undergoing tridl. In printing, the rou'j;h draught of a Iheet when tird pulled PROOb'rAdj.rth'^ugh ufed a.sanadjcdlive,. yet only an elliptx.al exprelTion for, of proof \ impenetrable} i.ble to ie!;lh Ufed with re or a i^ir'i. To PROP, V. A. [froapen, Belg.] to fup- port by fomcihing placed under or again (1. To hinder from falling. To fiiftain or Uippovt. PROP, S. any thing ufci to keep a thin^ from falling. PRO'PAGABLE, Adj, {propagate] fuch as may I'pread or cor.tinue by fuccelTion. To PP.O'PAGATP:, V. A. [fropagatin, L.^t. 1 to continue or fjrend by generation or fucccdive production ; to extend or widen. To promote. To have ofFsf rin^. PRO PROPAG.'l'TJOV, s. fFr. frop^garU Lat.] continuance, or fpie.iding by gcutra- tion ; or fiiccelTivc production. ToPROHE'L, V. A. [popelh, Lat.] to drive forward. To PROPE'KD, V. N. fpmtev^o, Lat.] to inchnc to ^uy part ; to be diipofed in fa- vour of any thing. PROPL'NDENCY, S inclination or ten- dency of delire- to any thing. Pre-confic!crd- tiun ; attenti.e deliberation ; perpendencv. PROPE'N'i>i:, Adj. Uropcriftn, Lat] 'in- clined or dilpoicd j applied lo cither good or bad. PROPE'NSION, PROPENSITY, S. \ Fr. propcrfo, Lat. j dfpofition to any thing either good or bad. 1 cndency. PRO'PER Adj. Jpropre, Fr. proprh.-, Lat.] peculiar, belonging to one, fo as to dif- tinguiih it from others. In grammar, noting or diltinguifhingan individual. Natural; Fit; .adapted; qualib;.d, Lxadt; ju'lh Tailor iufty. PROTERLY, Adv. in a fit or fuitabie manner. In a (Iritt fenfc PROTERNF.SS, S. the quality of being tall, and well made. PRO'PER TY, S. a feconJa-y eflential node, quality, or attribute of a thing which s peculiar lo it, diiringuilhes it from other ihing.';, and is infeparablc from it. A quality. Right of poikiTion. PoflaTion : the thing pofleired in oncN own right. To PRO FFRTY, V. A. to inveft with qualities. To feize as belonging to. PROPHA'SIS, S. [Gr. ] an cxcufe; a pre- tence. In medicine, a foreknowledge of dif- eafcs. PRO'PHECY, S. f n-pr<fo,7ia, Gr.] a de- claration of fometlung tuturc. lo PRO'PHESY, V. N. to foretcl fome- ;hing future. In fciipture language, to p.reach by divine infjiir.ui 'lu FRO'l'HET, S '.fnpletc, Fr.] crre that foretels fomciliipo f.iU.rc. PRO'PHEf.SS, S [pro^lerejje, Fr.] a woman that foretels futme events. PROPHE'lTC, I-ROPHl^'TICAL, Adj. [prophctque, Fx.] foicfeeiag or foretelling fu- ture events. PROPHE'TiCALLV, Adv. with know- lodge of fiituiity ; in n snner of a propiiecy. ToPRO'PHETiZE, V. N. to ^ivc pre diiflions. PROPHYLA'CTir, Adj. [Trpo^tX^lx .;] preventive ; prefervative. PROPI'NQUITY, S. \propwqunas, Lat.] nearnefs of litaation, relation, or time. PROPITIABLE, Adj. \prupi:iati] fuch as may beappeafed or rendered favourable. To PROPPlTATE, V. A. Ipruphhuus, Lat.] to appeafe a perfon angry or oliended. To render favourable. PROPITIA'TION, S. [pyophlathn, Fr.J the acl of appeafiog anj;ev or rcfcntmcnt. I Ihc PRO The ofkring or means by which any perfon ib ieiidcrccl It/vourable. PROPI'TfATORY, Adj. \propuiatcire, Fr.] h iviiip the power to appc-ifeor reconcile. PROl'i'TfOUS, Adj. [piopitlus, Lat ] favourahle ; kind ; n-conciled. PROPl'TJOUSNESS, S. tlie qusHty of beinp; favourable, kind, or reconciled. PROI'LA'S.M, S. [wfo and 7rXac-|Ma, Gr.] r.iouid ; matrix. PROPL'A'STICE, S. [wpowX^fui, Gr.J the art of making moulds for cafiing. PROPO'NKNl", S. [p'cfonetrs, Lat.] one th;ir makes .i propofal. I'ROPO'RTIOy, S. \Tv.proportio, Lat.] the com psrative relation of one thing to ano- tlicr. KouMiify or degi^e. Degrees in har- mony. .*^i7.e. ■ ToPROi'0'RTION,V.A. \profor:iorner, Fr. j to adjnl creqnal in comparative degices. To form V. iih fymmeiry. PROPO'aTIONARLE, Adj. adjuOed or fuitod bv rompnrative relation. Fit. PROPr/RTIONAL, Adj. {pnfcrthnet, Fr. ] having a fi-filed compaiative relation ; lnving a certain dej^ree of ec|nalitv ; bearing fome relation to another thing with which it is compared. PROrORTIONA'LPrY, S. the quality of being proportiona!)lc. PROPJ'RTIONATE, Adv. fuited, ad- jured, or bearing fo mc ierpc<fl to another thing in comparifon. I'o PROVO'RTIONATE, V. A. to adjiift according to fettled rate?. PR0PO'RTI(3NATENF.SS, S. the (late of Iieing by comparifon adjured. FROPO'SAL, .S. a fcheme or dcfign ofTer- cd to confideration or acceptance ToPROPO'SE, V. A. \p'rfofcr, Fr. prc- f-of-ft/s, Lat. J to ofTcir f.^r conbderation. Neu- teily, to lav fchcmesor intend. PROPOSPTION, S.fYr.fropo/itw.hst i a fentence in which any thing is affirmed or denied, and offered for alTent or denial. An oi'tr. PROPOSI'TIONAL, Adj. confidered as 3 nropofition. To PROPOU'ND. V. A. (prcpom, Lat.] to oiTer to confideration. To propofe. PROPRI'LTARY, S. [proprutaire, Fr.] poliilTarin his own ri»ht. PROPRl'ETARY, Adj. belonging to a certain owner. PROPRI'ETOH, S. a perfon that has an cxclufr.e right. A pofTefior. PRCyPRI'ETY, *S. \prof>ricn', Fr. pro- pr'idas, Lat.] an exclufive right. Accuracy, jnftnef':, or fitneis. PROPT, ufed by poetical writers in flead of pxpptd, the participle palTive of Prop. To PRO'PUGN. V. A. [propugno, Lat. I to fiefend, juftify, or vindicate. PRdPL'GNA'TION, S. [propurrr^th, Lat 1 defence. PRO FROPu'GNER, S. one who defend.s, juf- tifits, or vindic.Ttes, PROPU'LSiOiV, S. \p,-vpidjur, Lat.] the aft of driving forward. PRORE, S. [pyora, Lat.] the prow of a fliip ; nfed in poetry. PROROGA'TION, S. \Tk. prorog.nh, Lat.] coiitin nation ; the deferring to a longer and ftated time. The interrupiion of the k(- fion of parliament by roysl authority. To PROi<0'GUE, V. A. \pro^ogo, Lat] prov'^ger, Fr.] to potracl or prolong. To put off \o another time. PRORU'PTIOM, S. [pyovupm, Lat.] the a<ft*of hm-rting fortli. PRO.SA'IC, Adj. [pro^iilcm, Lat. pro- fuipu, Fr.l bclonijing to profc. Rcfcmbling profe. To PROSCRFBE, V. A. ^prsjlriic, Lat.] to doom to deftfuftion. To intevdift. PROSCRIPTION, S. <; profcrlpth, Lat.] the a;^ of writing down a peifon's name in a lifl, and pofiing it in fome public pLce with a reward for anyone th.it /bull bring his bead. The act of do-)ming tl;e life of a perfon to death, and his goods to confifc.ition. PROSE, S. \¥r.prGfa, Lit J language not confined to numbers, limitted quantity of fyl- lablc,>i, or jingle of verfe. To PRO'SECUTE, V. A. [profcntus, Laf.] to continue endeavours. To carry on. To proceed or continire in any confideration or difquifition. In law. to fulidue. PROSECU'T]0\', S. an endeavour to carry on, A continued attempt, or a conti- nuation of an attempt. A fuit.againrt a j>er- fon in law. PROSECUTOR, S. one that continue.'; his endeavours or ran ies on any thing. One who i\K% another for fome crime. PRO'SELYTE, S. [ ■:7fo=r=Xu'3>', Gr.J one that is perfuaded to change his jeligious fentimenrs. A convert. PROSElVIINA'TIONr, S. [profeminatu:, Lat I propagation by feed. PRO'SODY, S. {fToltdi<7, Lat. and Gr.] that part of grammar, which teaches the found or quantity of fylLbles, and the meafures of verfe. PROSONOiWA'SlA. S. [Gr.] a figure in rhetoric, wherein a perfon fper.ks to things inaraimate, as if they were living, and makts them return fuitable replies. PROSOPOPOE'IA, S, [Gr.] in rhetoric, a figure in which things are reprefented as if they were perfons. PRO'SPECT, S. {p,-ofcrffi,u Lat.] a view of fomcthing dilbnt < r abfent. A place which affords an extended view. An objc(ft of view. Rcgiro to fomcthing future. PROSPF.'Cn IVE, Adj. viewing at a dif- tance. Acting with foreiight. To PRO'SPER, V. A. \*»ofp,'ro, Lat.] to make happy. Neuferly to be fucctfsfiil j to thrive, fromprol'pacr, Fr. C cc 3 PROS PRO PRO PRO'SPERITY, S. Iprofperitas, Lat.] ajdier of the indorfers. Aiflively, to prove. ftate vvlierc'm things fucceod accorujno; to our wifbes, and aie prociudive of affluence ai.d V-ea'iih. PKO'.^PEROUS, Adj. {{rrj-crvz, Lat.] fuccjfrti;! : tortmia"e. ' PRO'Sl'Ers.OUSLY, Adv. fucccfsfully : foitiinateiv. PRO'S PRROUSNFSS, S. profperity. FROSl'l'CIhNC":, S, [from fycjplcio, J,r.t. 1 ihe Jicl of Icokinj; forward. PROSTir.P.NA' ! lOM, S. \{iomproflcyno, Lat.j dt-joifliijn j deprcfTion ; (Ltc of being caft down. PROSTETHI?, S. [7r,-!iri'^ir, Gr.l in fuigcry, tliat uhich fills ug what is wanting. To PRO'STIlU'fE, V. A. {p.of.liutus, Lat. J to fi-il to v\ ickcdnefs or expole i^iy vile piirpofes, geiier.i!ly iifed of wi.mcn fold to anfwtr tiie cravuigs of iufl, either by them- felves or others. PR'J'S riTUTE, S. onethat will doany thing for niorey. A public (trumpet. PR()::;TITU'TI0N, S. the aa of retting or heir.g ftt to f«Ic. 1 he life of a public firumptt. , ■ FKO'STRaTF, AJj. \ p-r-flraUn, Lat. johnfon accents ir on the lecond fyllable] Jying at length, Ijing on the ground in ado- vation. To RO'ST.IATF, V. A, \prcflyiUii.. Lat.] to lay flat or ihi ow down ; to fall down jn adoration. To call as a wit- iho'.v, or give evidence, nefs. PROTE'ST, S, a folemn declaration of one's opinion, generally applied to that pub- lifiied by peers in parliament when they dif- agree with a ninjority. An inflrument or wiiting whereby a peifon on non-paymerit of a bill of exchange by one on whom it is drawn, i? authorifeil to claim it from either of the inuorfcrs or the drawer. FROTESTANT, Adj. belonging to a proreltnnt. FRO'TESTANT, S, a perfon who be- longs to the reformed religion, as delivered by thofe tliat at firi'i proterted againit the er- rors of tiie church of Rome. PROTESfA'TlON, S. fFr.] a foltmn declaration of any fart, rcfolution, or opinion. !'ROTHO'NOr.'\RY, S. [protonotaire, Fi-.l the he-.dvcgifkr. PROTOCOL, S. protocols, Fr. ir^colt- KcXT^cv, Gr. ] the orifinai of any writing. PROTOMARTYR, S. [Gr.] the firft maityr. PUO'^-OPLA-S-, s. [Gr] fomcthing. forn-e.l firft to fcrve as a model. rE.orOTY'PE, S. [Fr. ■s-?o,roli>w'.^, Gr-.] an orii;inil by ulv.cli any thing is formed. ToPOTRA'CT, V. A. fpouaaus, Lat.]' to draw out, lengthen, or dthiy. Pl^O \ RA'CI'i R. S. one who draws out any thing to a tedious length. .A mathema- Pi'^OS'TRATIO>J, S. Iproficrn.t'jn, Fr.] tical inlVinm-nt ufeJ in m, jfuring anHes. the ac> of f..li;ng down in adoration. p,< OTRA'C TION, S. the ad of drawing PRO'STYLF, S. [iTf.crvX^. Gr.Jabuild- into length or delaying. ing h iving pill.rs only in the front, pR0° RA'CTIV^:? Adj. dilatory ; de- PROSY'LLOGISM, S. theconneaion of la^inc; ; fpinning to k-ngth. two ly':o;4ifmf, in fuch a manner, that the VrqtRF'PTICAL, Adj. [irfolftTrlmor, jeonci.:iion of the firll is the major or miner 'Gr.] hortatory ; fnr.fory. o; the following. 1 ; o p^Q TRU'DE, V. A. {pntruJo, Lat.] PROTA'SIS, S. [Gr.] a maxim or pro- to 'hruft forward. pofitiun. In the antient drama, the fii if part of a omedy which explains the argument of the pii.ce. loPROrF.'CT, V. A. \f>Jon'nt/s, Lat.J to defend <>i- cover from any evil. PROTE'CIION, S. [Fr.l a defence or PRO 1 RU'SION, S. [protrufus, Lat.] the aO of th'.uPiing forward. A thsuft. PROTli'BFRAlsXE, S. [praJuLerans, Lat. J fomething fwelling above the other parts. PROTU'BERANT, Adj [protubcrans. er irom evil, A kind of paHport, whereby | l,;,t.] to fwell out or beyond the other parts a perfon us exempted from being prefTcd or other -vife moled cd. PROTI/CIOK, S. [profcaeitr, Fr,] a ^ef nieror one who guards from danger. A j-erfoii formtrly intruded with the care of the k ng om during tl.c king's minority PROT' 'CTRFS.S, S. a Ten, ale that de- fends trom evil, and favon:s any undertaking. To P^'-OIE'ND, V. .A. [prch„iio, Lat.J to hold out or (Ireuh forth. FirO ! f'7RV[TV, S petulence ; pcevininefs. TolRO'E'ST, V. N Iprorcp,; -Lzt lo PROrUBERATE, V. A. \pron.lH rMus, Lat.J to fvvcU out or beyond the other parts. PROUD, Adj. \p>ut, pryte, Zzy.. praycht, F>elg. from pryde. Sax. a (Welling, pryd, Drit. I eauty, piy.l,r, Dan. to adorn] having too high an opinion of one's o«n excellencies, and too mean a one of thofe which belong to another. Daring. Lotty of mien or grand of perfon. Ollcntatious. SaLcious, applied prcterintas, Lat.] | to hruirs Fungous, applied to flcfh. ToFROVE, V. A. I jrou-vcr, Fr. proh. Lit.] to confirm or (how by argument or tef- prct-jitr,^ Fr.] to give a fokmn declaration of Uimony. To try, biing lo thc'teft, or cxpe one's opni'on. To note the non-payment of a bill of exchange, and claim payment of ei ncnce. cced. To found by experiment. To fuc- PRO- PRO PROVE'DITOR, TROVED'ORE, S| \f>r(n!ed:rore] Ital.J one who undertakes to procure fupplic? for an army. PRO'VENLER, S. \fro-vende, Fr. pro- 'vai-.dc, 3clg.] dry food for cattle : Hay and corn. PRO'VERB, S. [prmjerbe, Fr, pr:va- hlum, Lat.] a generally received fcntence, .'ip- plieJ on particular cccafions as a rule of life. A v.orJ, name, and obfervation commonly received or uttered. To PRO'VERB, V. A. to ment'on as a commonly received faying oi maxim. FROVE'RBIAL, Adj. ufcd as a proverb or common f^nience. To PROVI'DE, V. A. \pro-vlJeo, Lat.] •to procure beforehand ; to get ready ; to pre- pare. To (lipulate or make conditions. Ufed vith a^ahiji, to take me.jfures tor counter- acling or efcapin^ any ill. Ufed with _/er, to take care of beforehand. Prc-vidcdtkat, implies on thefe terms or conditions. PRO'VIDENCE, S. torcfight difplayed in taking meafures beforehand. Frugality, founded on a regard to futurity. The care or jnterpoCition of the Deity, by which all things ■*re prefcrved. PRO'VIDENT, Adi, [fn-Jdem, Lat.] f audous, prudent, or taking meafures before- hand. PROVIDE'NTL^L, Adj. efTetted hy, and to be referied to, the inteipufition of God. PRO'VIDENTLY, Adv. witli forcfight, prudent, or frugality fouuded on a regard to futurity. Pi^O'VINCE, S. [Fr. /-wi/.fr^, Lat.] a conauered country. An ofHce ur bulinefs peculiar to a perfon. PPv.OVrN"ClAL. Adj. belonging to a pro- vince, oppufcd to one s native country : Fo- reign ; lude; unpolilhed. Belonging to an aichbidiop's juriCdiflion. P^OVI'NCIAL, S. \frciniichl, Fr. from fic-vinci'l a fpirited governor. ToPROVi'NCL-^TK, V. A. [from ^ra- w/tv] to turn to a province. To PKOVi'Nfc:, V. K. lfir(nj[^iirr, Fr.] to lay a llock or branch of a vine in the ground to take root for more increafe. PROVrsiON, S. [Fr./.; 6 Li/To, Lat.] the :?.£i of getting beforehand. IVFcafures taken beforehand. Stock colkdted. Vicluals, food, or provender. A term or condii ion. ' P-i^OVI'SIONAL, Adj. piovidcd for tem- poral need. PROVI'SO, S. [Lat.] a condition or term. PROVOCA'TION, S. [Fr. fro-vocutlo, Lat.] an aft by which anger is caufed. hi law, an appeal to a jud?e. PROVO'CATIVE, S. any thing which excites or impels. PRO'VOCATIVENESS, S. the quality oi bting provocative. ToCROVO'KLi, V. A. [pro-i'O'-ucr, Fr.] /i.Ji,.ij Lat.] to roufe, to excite by clLiiCC. P R U To rr.ake angry or offend. To caiife, pro- mote, or excite. To challenge. To move or induce. PROVOKER, S. one that raifes anger. Caufcr; promoter. PROVO'KINGLY, Adv. in fuch a man- ner a.« to rai:C anger. PROVO'ST. S. \prc-.-.Ji, Fr.] the chief of any body or fociety. The executioner of a'l army. PR O'VO-STSHI P, S. the office of a provofT. PROW, S. [;«zT,Fr.] the head or fore- part of a Oiip. PRO'WEbS, S. [prcujc, Fr.] bravery ; military courage. To PRO\VJ>, V. A, toroveov;r. Ncu- terly. to wander in fearch of prey. PRO'XIMAfE, Adj. [proxb-nus, Lai.] next in the feries or order of our ideas or reafoning; nr.- and immediate. PRO'XIME, Ad],[froxl>rus, Lat.] next. PROXl'MLI Y, S. [irexmnras, Lat.] the Hate of being ne.ir. PRO'XY, S. [by contraftlon from f rorii- riicy\ the agency of another. The fubflitu- tioH of anotlier inflead of one's fclf. A per- fon fubftituted or deputed to act inflead of another. ' PRUDE, S. [Fr.] a woman affljfledly nice and modefl. PRUDENCE, S. [Fr. prudcm-a, Lat.] the a(ft of fiiiting words and actions accord- ing to the circumliance of things. PRU'DENT, Adj. [Fr./.;-a./:7;j, Laf;] or- dering anions or words with a proper r.-gard to their confequen CCS. PRUDE'NlJAL, Adj. eligible on princi- ples of prudence. PRUDE'NrLALS, S. maxims of prudence or practical wifdom. PrlUDPlNTlA'LITY, S. elegibility en principles of prudence. PRU'DENTLY, Adv. in a difcrect or judicious manner. PRU'DERY, S. too great an afieftation of nicenefs or modedy. PRU'DiSH, Adj. afTeftedly gr.ive or nice. To PRUNE, V. A. to iop'^or free trees from their fuperfiuous branches. To clear from any excrcfcence PRUNE, S. \yx. p-uv.um, Lat.] a dried plum. PRUNE'L, S. an hcib. PRUNE'LLO, .'^. a kind of fiufT woven with a mijcturc of filk and worllcd, of which cltrgynien's gowns are made. A kind of plum, from f run He, Fr. PRUNPFEROUS, Adj. [*^runum, and fcrOy Lat.] prodi.cini; 1 lums. P R U N 1 N G-H O O K, P R U N I N G- KNIFE, S. a hook or kn.fe ufcd in cutting off the fuperfiuous bianolies of trees. PPs.U';<.lLNCK, PRU■RlE^iCY, S. \pru- r'lens, Lat.] an itching, icimoderatc defirc or appetite. Ccc4 rpU'RIENT, PSA FRU'RIENT, Adj. [f rancns, Lat.] itch- PRURI'GINOUS, Adj. [f>runo, Lat.] tending to ihe itch. PRU-.SIA, a Isrne country of Europe , bouiiikJ oil ihc N. by the B;iltic-fca, on tlie E. l)y 1 itluiania and S.mivogitia, on the S. by Pobnd, and on the W. by Bvandenbui\C» J'omerinia, and ' aflubia, and is about 5C0 rnilVs in knp^tti, and 100 in breadth where it is nariowcH. It is a very teitile country, and produces a j^reat deaVsjf fiax, liemp, ind corn. '1 here are a great number of domeftic animals, bclides game, which is very com- mon j rind the fca, rivers, and lakes, Aippiv them with great plenty of lilh ; behdes the comm'>n gmne theie aie elks, wild alie';, and nri in the ibrefls. One of t!ie mo(t remark- able proJu(fti'jns of this country is yellow annbcr, which is };ot alon^ the fej-coaft, par- ticula-.Iy in the cicle of Saml.-.r.d. Ther'.* PUD PSA'LTER.Y, S. a kind of harp or dulci- nier played on with liicks. PJjKO'DO, S. [from ^ekS®-, Gr.] implies fal'.'e, and is ufed as a prefix in words derived from the Greek. PSEL'D'OGRAPHY, ?. falfe writing or fpelling. HS.'-.UDO'LOGY, S. [4,Bvh\oy:a, Gr.] falfehood of fpecdi. PSHAW, Interj. ufed as an expreflion of contempt and difrega;d. PTl'SAN, S. (Fr.j a medical drink made of barley boiled with liv^uorice, raibns, &c. Pr\'ALlSM, S. ["'J-a'i-iy-*^) Gr-lafa- livation, PL'BERTY, S. [futerfe, Fr. puiatas, Lat.J the time of iite when the t*o fexes ripen to their perteifb (late. PUfit'SCENM , Adj. [puhfcen:, Lat.j ar- riving at puberty. PUBE'sCKN'CF, S. [from puL'cfco, Lst.] re alfo mountains of white fand, covered the (bte of m riving at puberty with oaks and pines ; and there they find a PU'BLICAN, S. [/>r/Z'/;M«M.', Lat.] a toU- vifcous Aihdance, v, h;ch j-.eing espofed to 1 gatherer. In low language, one who keeps an the air, turns, to yellow amb'r. 'J here-aie j alehoufe. two largf hike;,hehdcs the rivers Vifiula Ht>d I PUBLIC, Adj. [fvUk, Fr puhnrus, Lat.] Prejel. The inhabitants are of a good con- j beloning to a flatc or nation, oppofed to pri- (litution, laborious, robuft, and good foldiers. vate, Cpen or generally known. Regarding 'J'here are a great number of meihnnics ; but j not private inteiefl, hut that of the commu- the principal hulinefs of the inhabitants is I riity, .npplied to perfons. Open for genert-l hulbandry^ and feeding of cattle. PrufTia is divided into two parts. Duel PriiflLi, other- wife called Polilh Pruffi.!, and Regal Pruffia, or rather th.e kingdom of Prufila, becau:e it was made .--n hereditary kir.gdom by the em- entertainment, followed by l-r.^jjt PU'BLIC, S. (he general body of a ftate, nation, or mankind. General notice. PUBLICATION, S. tiMciUus, Lat.] the a£l of making generally known, or of peror in 1706. Polifli PriilTia comprehends 1 common nfe. the palatinate of Pomeranii, of wliich Dant- PU'BLICNESS, S. [ixom fublkk] (latev zick is the cipital ; the palatinate of Culm, | of belonging to the community. Openncfs ; of whifii Thornc is the principal town ; the palatinate of Marienburg, whofe principal town is of the fime name j and the territory of W'ermland, whofe pnncip-il place is Braunf- berg. Kegal Prudia is divided into three gicat circles, and each of thefe circles contains three fmall provinces. The cir- cles arc thofe of Sanihnul, Nantangen, ;ind tiockerland. The ii'li .bit-nts are generally protertanfi, after the confefHon of Augfburg, th.o'L-gh there arc a gieat number of the re- formed, and Roman caihoiicks, who live in h..riiioi)y with taeh other. To P ' Y, V. A. la peep narrowly; to lock curioijfly, officioufl), or inipertinently j iiftd with i:ito. PSAL.'vI, S. [pCi/mc, Sax. vl-aXy^, Gr.] a })\i'nn or long on futne holy fuhjetl. p'.S.VL.Mlst, S. IpjaUfco/', iii-K. pplmlfte, Fr.] a writer or coaipofer of odes on holy fu'-.jeff'. PSA'LMODY, S. [ ■\,e\;x:^j, Gr.] the aifl i>r prj(f^ice of f)"S'"g pfahns. PSALMO'GRAPHY, S. K'*',m5,-, and ;'fa.*iw, Gr.] the adf of I'^VLTER, .S. Ipfuiti contai-iir.g the pfalms. writnig pialms. Sax. J a book Hate of heing generally known or publick. PU'BLICSPIRITED, Adj. \pul:Uk and fp'irit] having regard to the general advantage about private qood. To PUBLISH, V, A. Ip-Mkr, Fr. puh- I'uo, Lat. J to uifcovcr or make generally known. To put firth to iile. rU'BLISHER, .'5. one who makes pub- lick or generally known. One who puts a book into the woild. PICE'LAGE, S. [Fr.] a flate of vir- ginity- PUrK, S. [perhnps the fame with pug] Tome fpiite among the fairies, common in romances. To PU'CKFR, V. A. to gather into cor- rugations ; to contraifV into folds or plica- tions. PU'DDFR, feel'oTHTR.- To PU'DOER, V. N. [fee Pother] to make a tumult or buHle. PL'DDiriG, S. \lioiu:;>f, jr. puJing, Swed.] a kind of food boiled in a bag; or ftuffe,' in the guts of feme animal. PU'DDING-TJME, S. dinner-time or time to begin dinner, the pudding being for- mcrb; the firft difli ferved up. ^ PU'DDLF, P U L FU'DDLE, S. a fmdl cjuantlty of muddy water. To PU'DDLE, V. A. to make ma.My. PUDDOCK, or furrock, S. [iov paddock, or pcrrock] a provincial word for a fmall in- cloiuie PU'DENCY, S. [/.vif«; Lat.] moJeOy ; Ihamefaccdncfs. PUDl'Ciry, S. \fud:dte, Fr. from fu- dicbia, L:'.t.] modefty ; chalHty. P1-"D1C10US, Adj. [yuJk-ui, Lat.] chafte .- modcd ; PUF:'E.ILE, Adj. [Fr. puerilh, Lat.j re- femijling or htcoming a boy or child. PUi'RIi-ITy, S. youihtuiiiel6 i or the ftate of childliood. JHJKT, S fee Pewet. PUFF, S. \f>t:f, Perf. pcf, Belg.] a quick blaft of breath. A mdl hlafl ot wind. A inufhroom. Any thing lij^'it, porous, and fuelled with wind. An inlhunient made oF ihieads faftened round a (lick at one end, iifed to powder hair with. .Any hyperbolical oi exaej;erated commendation. to FLFF, V. A. [fl-e the noun, hffcn, Belg. buffare, Ital. tiifar. Span. J to fwell the checks with included breath. To blow with a quick hUfh To bieathe thick and hnrd. To commend to excefs or witliout reafon. To fwell witii pride. To raife the price of goods at an au<!^ion, by inducing othc s to bid be- yond their value. P'J'FFER, S. one that extols to ty^Qt'h. One that raiies the prices of goods at an auc- tion, by drawing in perfons to bid beyond -their value. PU'FFIN, S. {piffine, Ital.] a water- fo« 1. A kind of fifh. A fungus filled with duff. PL"F"FY, Adj. windy ; liatulent. Tumid, applied to (tile. PUG, S. ^1 figa. Sax. a girlj a name given to a monkey or other animal. PUGH, Interj. a word ufed to exprefs con- tempt. PU'GiL, S. [f)ugi/f, Fr.] what may be takrn up between the thumb and the tore- finger, PUGNA'CTOUS, Adj. [fugmx, Lat.] fond of fighting. Quarr(.libme. PUGN.VCITY, S. f pugnacitas, Lat. ] quarrelfcmenefs ; inclination to fight. PU'ISNE, .Adj. [f'uh V,', Fr. J young; petty ; inconfid'Crable ; fmall. ' , P'UI'SSANCK, S. [Fr.] power to over- come or accompiifh. PUI'.SSANT, Adj. FFr.] able to overcome any retiOance, or accomphlh .my undertaking. PUK E, S. [perhaps formed from the found j a vomit. To PUKE, V. A. to vomit. PUKEK, S medicine caufing a vomit. PU'LCHRlTUbE. S. [pukl >-\tudo,l..i':.] the qiiulity of conveying the idea of bcau'y. lo PULE, V.N. [plaulc; Fr.J to cry Jike a chicken. To cry or whimper. P U M i rULICOSI'TY, S. [fulkofiras, Lat.] a- jbundance of, or being full ot fleas. j PU'LiCOSE, Adj. [pulkojus, Lat.] a- bounding with fieas. PU'LING, Adj. [from pliuLr, Fr.] fick- ly ; weakly ; crazy. To PULJ,, V. A. to draw toward«; one with continued violence. To draw forcibly. 'Jo pluck or gather, applied to fruits. 'I'o draw out the entrails of a fowl. Ufed with do-wn, to fubvert, ruin, or demolilh. To dei'race, PULL, S. the a<ft of drav.ing with force. FU'LLEN, S. poultry. PU'LLEr, S. [/;//<-.', Fr.] a young hen. PU'LLEY, S. [p,ur,e, Fr.] a little wheel, with a channel round its cige, and turning- round a pivor. ToPU'LLULATE, V. A. [fulhdaut,- Lat.] to gtrmiji »te, bud, or grow. PU'LMONARY. PULMO'NiC, A.'j. [p:di?:orcs, Lat.] belonging to the hin^s. PULP, S. (br.fidpu, Lat.] any foft mafs. The foft or fleOiV pa it of Jruit. PU'jLPir, S.'l /-.•'// />f, fr. pulyitum, Lat.] a place raifcd on high, whereon a public fpeakcr (lands The higher delk in a chuich, from whence the miniffer delivers his lei- mons. PU'LPOUS, Adi. [from fidp] {o£-. PU'LPOUSNZSS, S. the quality of be- ing foft. I'U'LPY, Adj. foft; pappy. PULSA'TION, S. [fr.i.idfjM, Lat.] the aft of beating or moving with quick (Irokes againll any thin'^ oppofini^. _l ULS.A'TOR, S. [from p^Ifo, Lat.] a ririker ; a beater. FULSE, S, [pidft's, Lat.] the beating or throbbing of the heart and arteries. Alter- nate expanfion andcontrailion. Leguminous pl.infs. To feci one' i pulfe implies fiourativtly, to try to know one's mind. To PUVSE, V. N. to beat like the pulfe. PU'LsrON, .S. [pulfus, Lat.J the ad of forcing or driving forward. PU'LVKRAliLE, S. capable of being re- duced to dufi. , PULVERIZATIOV, .S. [fiom p-J-vc- y'lzc] the aift of reducing to powd'-r. loPU'LVERIZE, V. A.[puhmf:r,Yx.'] to reduce to duft or powder. * , PU'LVERULENCE, S. fpid-va-ukmia, Lat.") duflinefs ; abundance of dull. PL"LVIL, [pi.tl-v'dlum, Lat.] l\veet fccnt or odours. PU'MICF, S. [pumcx, futrticis, Lat.] the flag or cinder of fome foffil brought to this flatc by (ire. Its texture is lax, fpongy, full of little pores and cavities ; it is of a pale wliitifii colour, and is found near volcanoes. PU'.VIMEL, S. fecPoMMEt. PUMP, S. [po».pt; Relg. and Fr.] a ma- chine formed on the principles of afyringe, by which water is drawn up from weils. A fhoe with a thin turncJ fole. To PUN To PUMP, V. A. to work a pump : To throw out or drav, up water by a pumt'. PU'Ml'JON, S. a plant wliicli bears an cblong or long flciliy fruit, having fome- times an hard, rugged rind, with knobs and furrows ; and divided into three parts, in- clofinn flat feeds, edged, as it were with a ring, and fixed to a fpongy (ubiLr.ce. PUN, S. a quibble or couivocation arifing from t!:e ufe of a word which has two diffe rent ma.niiigs. To PUN, V. A. to quibble or to ufa a word in two diifeient racawings. To PUNCH, V. A. [f,c,mioMer, Fr.] to make a hole by diiving a pointed inftrument. To beat wkh the fifl. PUNCH, S. a pointed inflrument diiven t Y a blow to niokc holes. A liquor made of rum or brandy, o>angiS and lejnons, wjter and f igar. 'J he buffoon or harlequin of a pup^tt ibow, [from funcbinc'lo, Ital.J A flioit fat j>erfon. l^U'NCHEON, S. r/««i-c9, Fr.l an in- ftrument driven to inake a hole rr impreflion. A liquid uieafurc containing eighty-four gallons. PU'NCHFR, S. an inftniment that makes a hole or iinprefTion, when diivcn by a ham- mer, &c. l>l'NCTrLTO, S. rital- f'oin pur.num, Lat.J a fm all nicety of behaviour. A nice point of exactnefj. PUNCTI'LIOUS, Adj. cxaf^ in {he mott trivial parts of breeding. FU'NCTO, S. \pur.ao. Span. fv.nBum, lat.J a nice point of ceremony. The point in fencing. PU'NCTUAL. Adj. [pitiEfuel, Fr.] com- prifed or Confifting in a poir.t. £xaft ; nice in the mort trifiing or minute ciicurriltances. PUNCTUA'LITY, S. a fcriipr.lous c--^a- nd's. rU'NCTUALLY, Adv. nicely; exa<niy; rrupu'.cu'dy. PU'NCTUALNESS, S. cxaftnefs; nicety. rUNCTUA'TlON, S. [puK^uaticn, Fi.] the a£l of fettiag the i.'ops or proper names to fenrences. PU'NCTURE, S. \fur.rtus, Lat.] a hole ir.adc with a Ikarp pointed inftrumcnt. To PU'N'C I UALE, V. N. [lur.ilulun:, Lat.] to mark with fmall fpots. PU'NDLE, S. a (hort and fat woman. PU'NGENCY, S. thepower of pricking, or caufing a ftnlation of acrimony or iharp- iitfs en the tongue. The power of afl'c£liag the rriind. PU'N GENT, Adj. f/argwj, Lat.] prick- ing. Affc(f\ing the tongue with fenfation or fharpnefs or acridnefs. PU'NICE, S. [pur/ijc, Fr ] a bug. PUNI'CEOUS, Adj. [fur.kcus, Lat.] purple. PU'NINES>, S. [from /:.;j] pettilhncfs : Sraallnefs. PUR To PU'NTSH, V. A. ^purh, Lat. pun>-. Fr.] to chaflifc: To jfT;i<f\ with penalties or death, for the commifTion of fome crime PU'NISHABLK, Adj. lfur.;£ahk, Fr.] worthy of punilhrnent ; capable of puniih- ment. rU'NISHARLINESS, S. [from puKip- allc] the qu.ility of defcrving or admitting puniftimcnt. PU'NISHFR, S. \ixQmfump'\ one who infiiiffs pain for a crime. PU'NISHMENI, S. [ puvljjimcrr, Fr. ] any penalty or pain inflicted, on account of the violation of fome law. PU'NITIVE, S. \f>ur:rvs, Lat.] inflifiing pain or puaiihmcnt lor the violation of fome law. PU'NITORY, Adj. \p„mo. Lat.] tend- ing to punifhmcnt. Punhory ir.tofji, in civil law, is fuch iniercft of money as is given for dvlay or breach of trull. PUNK, S. \}urg, Sax.] a common pro- (litute, PU'N.STER, S. [from^wn] alow wit who deals in words that have a double meaning. To PUN r, V. N. to play at ballet or ombre. PUNY, .*^ij. [puij'ne\ Fr.] young: Infe- rior. Pcity. PU'NY, S. a perfon young ar.d unexpe- rienced. A novice. To PUP, V.N. to biing forth whelps. PU'Pil-, S. [pupi!u, Lat.] the applo of the eye. A fcholar, or one under the care of a tutor. PL'PILAGE, S. the (late of a fcholar, or ward. PU'PILLARY, Adj \pupUhrc, Fr. pu- pUlarh, Lat.] pertaining to a pupil or ward. PUPP'ET, S. \pupdi, Fr. pupus, Lat.] a fmab im:ige moved by fpiings and imitating the geftures of an a(f>or. A perfon entirely under the direc'tion of another. PUPPET-SHOW, S. a drama or p'ay performed by wooden images moved by wires. PU'PPY. S. \poup:c, Fr.j a whelp, or the ifTue of a female dog. A nan-.e of con- temptuous repronch implying a perfon to be unworthy the name of a n.an. PU'RBLIND, S. fee PoREBiiND. PU'KCHASABLE, Adj. [pwcbafe] to be bougl.t by nioiitv- To PU'RCHASE, V. A. [ pcurchafer, Fr.] to buy for money. To obtain at a»y expence. In fea l."nguage,ti drawn in. " Ihc " capfbn furchdfci apace."' PU'RCHASE,' S. [pcurchas, old Fr.] any thing bought or obtained for money. PU'RCH.ASER, S." a buyer; one that gains any tiling for a price. PURE, Adj. \pury pun, Fr. pirus, Lat.] unfullied. Clear, tinaltcrfd by any mixtures. Void of guilt, or fin. Not vitiated, applied to fptcch. Merc. Cluflc. z 2URELEY, PUR PURELEY, Adv. in a pure manner, inno' . cently, merely, PU'RENESS, S. the quality of being free from mixture, compofition, guilt or various modes of fpeech. PU'RFILE, S. {powfh'e,Yr.] a kind of trimming for women's gowns, made of linfe! and thread. To PU'RFLE, V. A. \pourf,ler, Fr, pro- fiijyc, Ital.J to decorate with a wrought or flowered bordir. PU'RFLE, S. [pmirftc'c, Fr.] a border of embroidery. FURGA'TION, S. [pu-.-^ath, Lat.] the aft of cleanfmg from bad or \itious mixtures. 7'he ad of cleanfing t])e body downwards by medicine. Tiie adt of clearing from the im f utation of guilt, FU'RGATIVE, Adj. \l:u>rat;f, Fr. pur- gati'vas, Lat.l having tlie power of cleanfing the body by flool. PURGATORY, S. \ purgatclre, Fr.] a place wherein fouls according to the Romifti church, are cleanfed from carnal impurities before iheir reception into heaven. To PUitGE, V. A. [purger, Fr. purgo, Lat.] to cleanfe or rlear. To clear from guilt or imputation of guilt. To evacuate the body by ftooi. To clarify from dregs or impurities, applied to liquors. PURGE, S. a medicine which cleanfes the impurities of the body liy (lool. PU'RGER, S. one who clears away any thing that is noxious; purge; cathartick. _ PURI'FICA'ilON, S. {^i^njlcaho, Lat.] the a£l of making pure or cleanllng from fo- reign mixtures. The a<ft of clcanfni^ from guilt, or bodily impuiities. PURIFICATIVE, PURI'FICATORY, Adj. haviiiiJ the power or tendcncv to clear from imputities. PU'RIFIER, S. a cleanfer or refiner. To PU'RIFY, V. A [punf.r, Fr. p,:.nfic-o, Lat. J to cleanfe from impurity, filth, coriup- tion, guilt, l)arbar<)u('nels, or improprieties. PU't<lSr, S. f/;;.'4C.-, Fr.J oneaffjaed- ly or fuperflitioudy nice in the ufe of words. PU'.'< ITAN, S. aperfju pretending to ex traordiuary puritv in religious worfhip. PURITA'NICAL, Adj. relating to, or refimbling Puritans. I'U'Rl FANISjAI, S. tlietenetsof a perfon who affeds extraordinary purity in religious worfhip. PU'RITY, S. rpunt:-, Fr. purk^s, Lat.] cleaimefs or freencf;. from dirt, foulnefs, guilt, unchsltenefs, or foreign mixtures. PURL, S. an embroidcied border. A kind cf liquor in wliich wormwood, and other bit- ter.s are infufjd. 'I o PURL, V. N. To murmur or flow with a gentle noife. Atftively to adorn the edges with fringe or cmlnoidery. PURLIE'U, S. the borders of a foreft. A bolder or inclofure. PUR PU'RLTNS, S. thofe pieces of timter that lie a-crofe the rafters on the infide, to keep them from finking in the middle of their length. ToPURLOI'N, V, A. To fteal, or take away the property of another privately, PU'RLOI'NER, S. one that take away the property of another privately, PU'RPARTY, S. [pour and parti, Fr.] fhare; p;irt in divifion. ^ PU'RPLE. Adj. \purpur, purpnrcn. Sax. poinpre, Fr.] red, tindtured with blue. la poetry, red. To PUR'PLE, V. A. {purpura, Lat.] to make of a red colour mixed with blue. PU'RPLES, S. fpots of a livid red colour, which breaks out in fevers. PU'RPLISH, Adj. fomewhat purple. PU'RPORT, S,.[pourporte. Fr.] the deffgn, effect, or tendency, of a difcourfe or writing. To PU'RPORT, V. A. to fiiow. To in- tend. PU'RPOSE, S. Ipropos, Fr. propoftum, Lat] intention or defign. Eifedt. Confe- quence. Example. Suitablenefs to the end intended. To PU'RPOSE, V. A. to intend, defign, or refolve. PUR'POGELY, Adv. with intention or defign. PU'RPRISE, S. \pourprh, old Fr. pur- p'-ij'utr, low Lat.] a clofe or inclofuic j aifo the v\holc compafsof a manor. To PUR, V. N. [from the found] to mur- mur like a cat when pleafed. PURS.E, S. Ipwrs, Brit, l>ourfe, Fr.] a bag in v.'hich money is kept. To PURSE, V. A. to put into a purfe. To gather up like the mouth of a purfe. PU'RSENET, S. a net whofe mouth is clofid like that ofa purfe, with a running firing. PU'RSEPROUD, Adj. haughty on ac- count of wealth. PU'RSER, S. fin a king's (hip] is an of- ficer who has the charge of the vi(flu4ls, and takes care they are good, well laid up, and rtoied. He keeps a lift of the fhip's compa- ny, and fets dov/n exadtly the days of eadi man's admittance to pay, PU'RSINESS, PU'RSIVENESS, S. [from purff] (hortnefs of breath. PUR'SLAIN, S. [portulaca,'Lit.] a^hat. PURSU'ABLE, Adj. fit to be purfucd. PURSU'ANCE, S. the profecution, pro- ccfs or continuation of an attempt. PUPvSU'ANT, Adj. done in conftquence of any thing. To PURSU'E, V. A. fpurfuhrc, Fr.] to chafe or follow as an enemy in order to feize. To continue an attempt. To follow as an example. To endeavour to attain. FURSU'ER, S. one who follows with an intention to feize. PURSU'rr, S. lpourf:<!ic,¥r.] the aft of following with an iiueiuion to take. An en- I deavour PUT /:f?xnvt<: to aftain. A profccution or continu- I et-nn of a dclii^n. I'U'RSUIVANT, S. \poiirfuiv3Kt, Fr.] a ftate menenger. An attendant on an lie- raid. PC'RSY, Adj. {^ovjjlf, Fr.] fat and (liort- liicathed. PU'RTfclMANCE, S. [appurtevavci, Fr.] llic pluck of an animal. 'Jo rURVE'Y, V. A. \pcurfw; Fr.] to t^rovidc with convenicncics. To procure. Neutevly, to l)ny prov ifio.'i.s. rURVt-'YAMl-K, S. provifions. The ai^ iif procv.Ting provifions. PU'RVfcv OR, S. one that procures visu- als. A pimp. PU'RVIF.W, 5. [jourvni, Fr.J provifo; prov;din;;clnufe. I;L'RULENCE, PU'RULEKCy, S. \pur, Lat '' the generation ot'matlcr in a wound. PL'RULFNT, Adj. l¥x. puiuhntusy Lat ] anovmdiiig wrh mitter. PL'S, S. ! J.at.J the matter of a fore. Trtl'USH, V. A. \por'lJ'a; Fr.l to thrnfl or drive by tlirullin" with nny thing. To prefs forward. To enforce or drive to a ron- clufirsn. To importune or teaze. Nciuerly, ' to m:.kc a tliniH, effort or attack. rUSII, S. a thrnit with one's hand. A [ forcible eifijrt or (■hu;;glc. Exidcnce ; trial, j A fndden emergence. J'L'SHER, S. on; w!io pufhes forward. TU'SI-II-'Kt. Adj. entori^rizing ; i.fliclous. PU'SHri>f, S. a cliild's play, wherein pins are pufned a!t: rna dy. PUSILLANI'MITY, S. {pufilhrnmite, Fr.] want of cour.i}i;e; meannefs of fpirit. PUSII.L'ANIMOUS, Adj. v .id of cou- rjge. Mean fpiritcd or narro-.v minded. PL'SlLLA'NiMOUSNtSS, S. meannefs of fpirit. PUSS, S. \pnlio, Lat. a dwarf] the common anpellation for a cat. A forry woman. 'PU'-TULE, S. [Fr./.;^/;//d, Lat.] afmall fwelling or tumour iillcd with maiter. A filV.plc. FUT.TULOUS, Adj. abounding in puftuks or pimples. To rUT, V. A. [/-vf/er, Dan. to plant. f,^c?;i/..'f. Sclav.] to lay down or depofite. To place in any fjtuation or condition. To ex- pi.fe or apply. To ufe any aiflion by wh'ch the ftate of any thing is changed. f o caufe or introduce. To putty, tnrn off divert, or thruft afide. Input dc-zur, to baffle, reprefs, rrufi), degrade, bring into difufc, confute, or commit to writing. To put forth, to propofe, extend, emit, or exert. To put In pr^Hicc, to k'x or cxcrcil'e. To put off, to pull off, or lay afidc; to delay or defeat by fome_artifice or excuft; to pafs off by fraud or deceit ; to procraflinate ; todi card ; to obirude by falft appearances or recommendations. To put oy, to place at intcrelt ; to extrnguiOi, applied to liont or fight j to flioot like a plant j to ex- P Y G tend no.m the body j to drive from or expeJ. To le put to it, to perplex, diflrefs, or prefs hard. To put up, to pafs by unrevenged j to cxpofe to tale ; toflart; to ho.ird ; to hide. loput to fi-a, im^'hes to frt fail, or begin one's coiirle. To put up, to offer one's felf as a canJlidate; to advance or bring o«e's felf for- ward. To put vp 'With, implies to bear with- out refcntni'>';. PU r, S. an action or ftate of dir^reH:. A clown i fh perfon. A g.imeat cards. A put off, impliiS a (hift or cxciile. r;J'TAGE.^S. \putain, Fr.] in law pro- flitution on the woman's part PU' IAN ISM, S. { putar^lfme, Fr.] the manner of living, or trade of a proftitute. PL'TATIVE, Adv. [putatif, Fr. from p!/to, Lat.] fuppofed ; reputed. PL?'TJ|\ Ad}.\putiilui, Lat.] mean, lew, or worth lefs. PUT'LOGS, S. fiiort pieces of timber, about fiven feet h)rg, iifed in building fcaf- fo'ds, lying at right angles from the wall, and ferving if> bear tl.e boards on which the build- ers Hand. PU IRF.'PINOUS, Adj. I pi^tredo, lat.'] flinking ; ruTtcn. PUTUEFA'CriON, S. fFr.j the ftate of gr>wing rot'en. A kind of fermentation of the inteffme particles of Ijodies, which tends to dfrtroy thtir form of exiflence. PUT RKK ACTIVE, Adj [putrefaFtur, Lat ] m.iking rotten. 'J"o P'JTREFY, V. A. to make rotten. Ncmeriy to grow rotten. PUTKl-'SCENCE, S. Ipntyrfco, Lat.] the flate of lotting. PUTRE'SCENT, Adj. [pulrefcots, Lat.} growing n tttn. PU' I RI D, Adj [prrtrl-Ie, Fr. putriduSy Lat.] rotten, corrupt. A puf.H fever, is that in which ihe luiMidurs liave fo little circula- tion, that they fall into an inteftine motion and putrefy. PU'TTER, S. one that dates, propofes, or places. Follov\ed by o?, an inciter or infti- -ator. PU'TTINGSTONE, S, in fome parts of Scotland, ftones arc l.iid at the gates of great houfes, which they call />../nV^y?o'.<,'i, for trials of ftrengih. PU'TTOCK, S. abuzzard. See Buzzard and l^iT TERN. PU'TTY, S. a kind of pov.-dcr on which glafs is ground. A cement uild by glaziers to fafVen glafs in windows. 'Jo PUZZhE. V. A. [from pnfihy oi f.ofi\ to perplex or confound with difticulties, Fo make intricate. FU'ZZLE, S. embarrafrment ; perplexity. PY'GARO, S. a bird. PYGMFl'AN, Adj. [from pyg'r.e] like a pygmy. Helonging to a pygmy. py'GMY, S. [pyg'T.ie, Fr.] a perfon be- longing to a nation formerly fabled to be only a| three ' ■■ P Y R Mrce fpans liig'i, :ind to bave been clevoiired i'y cranff. A dwarf, or very ftuvt perion. PYLO'RUS, S, [TTuXiWfO?, Gr.J tbc lower i fHce of the Ooinach. PY'RA?vlIi:>, S. [pyrain'uk, Fn fyramh, Lac] in j;eometn', a fblid (tacding on a i.;ua:e or po!yj>onai liads, and terniiiidting at chetop in a point. The pyrdmids of Kpypt, the Innial pl.ce of their kings are famous Loth for their height and magniiiide. PY'RAiMIDTAL, PV'RAMIOICAL, Adj., reicmhlin^j. oi- in the form of a pyramid. f'Y'KAMlS, S. a pyramiJ. PYRE, S. a pile to be burnt, A funeral pile. PYRET'ICKS, S. [ot.etcc, Gr.] medi- cines which cures fevers. PYR&:TO'LOGY, S. [-nvfi-roq, and J13- j/ii,] a treatife on fevtrs. PYRl'TKS, S. \%v:-, Gr.jfreeflone. PY'RO:UA^>ICY, 'S. Lwyf=(«o!.T£.a, Or.] divination bv fire. PYROTE'CUXICAL, Adj. [pyrctedrAc^ue, Fr. from ^yroiechntik^ eu.giged or Ikilful i;i fireworks. PYROTE'CNICKS, S. [wuo and tiyfu, Gr.J the art of employing fire to ulc or plea- fure ; the art of fireworks PYR'RHOMSM, S. [from Pyrho, the founder of the fcepdcsj fcepticifm or uiiivcr- u\ doubt. PYX, S. [pyxis, Lat.] the box in" which the Romans uicd to keep tlieholt. Pieces of coin prefcrved in a box after every coinage ; hence tbe trial of the pyx, implies the trial of fuch pieces as have been refei vcd in a box in Weflniinrter Abbey lor tliat purpofe. Q_U A QA confonint, the fixtecnth letter of the alphabet; called cue, f.om the ^ French ^uelic, or tail, it being as O with a tail to it. In the Goiliic alphabet, it is in the form of an O, with a dot in the middle, 'i hough it had a pi ice in the Saxon alphabet, yet they generally fubdituted oiv in its room, fpellinij civelL'n, Sax. to quell or kill in that manner. In F.nglilh, ic is al- ways followed by a u, and founded not un- like CIV, excepting in ijwJt, which is pro- nounced coit, as in the French, from whence it is I)orrowed. QUAB, S. a fort of fifh. To QUACK, V. N. [quackcn, Bclg.] to cry like a duck ; in this fenfe it is often writ- ten quacke, to exprefs the found better. To chatter loudly and boadingly. QyA( K, S, a perfon who pretends to arts which he does not undcrfland,' generally ap- plied to ignorant pretenders in phyiic. /.VLIAC L<.K.Y, S. the practice of phyfic M'ithout jiijgmentor knowledge. QUA'CKSALVER, S, 011c who brags of Q^U A ;rnedicines or falves ; a n-.cuntcbank ; a medL Cdlfer. {^'A'DR A, S. a word ufcd in compofition, I from y«rf(/VuKj, Lat. fignifyin'' four. I qL'ADRAGE'SIAIAL, A^'j. [Fr.J Lci;- j ten ; belonpug to, or perfui nied in Lent I QUiVUR /i.NGLE.S. {^luodrat^^t and ar,- \gului, Lat. J a fqi-.arej a circle with four ri"ht 1 angles. I QI'ADR A'-VGULAR, Adj. fquare, h^vin^ fov!r right angles. j QL'A'DRANr, S. \':^uadra«z. Lit.] the f«urtbpart; the quarter j a quarter of icir- icle. An Inftrument containing the fourt!* I part of a c.rcle, with which aititaJi.i are niea- i faired. j QL^ADRA'NTAL, Adj. ir.ckded in the ' fourth part of a circle. QUA'DRATE, Adj. Iqvadraiui, Lat.] fjuare, or having fourequal and piirallelliJfs ; divifiule into four equal parts, htiited j aprli- cable ; ufcd with to. QU.VDRATE, S. a fquareor Rirfacehav^ ing lour cqnai and parallel lides. In aftroi- logy, ah uipca of the heavenly bodies, in which they are diflant 90 degrees from each other. To QUATRATE, V. N. \ quadrat us-, Lat.J to fuit; or be accommodated j foiiovvcd by ivitb, QLMDRA'TICK, Adj. four fquaie j be- longing CO a fquare. QUA'DRATICK e.^i.au^r.i, fi:ch as re- tain on the unknown l;de, the fqujie of the loot or the number fought. - (^lA'DRATURE, S. [Fr.] the a<ff of rqu..iing. Thefirftand lad qinarters of the moi'ii. The liate of being fqiiare. QU.VDRIBLE, Adj. that m;,y be fquared. CLUADRI'ENNIAL, Adj. \quadncr:r:ium, ' Lat.J containing four years ; hapcning every founh year. QUA'DRIFIFD, Adj. [^uadnf,dh, Lat.] cloven into four parts. QL'ApRlLA'TFRAL, Adj. \quadrdaUrc, Fr.] having four fides. QUADRILA'TERALNE^S, S. the pro- party of having four right-lined (ides QUA'DRILLE, S. [Fr.J a game at cards. QIJA'D.'<IN, S. [quadiinui, Lat.] a mite : a fniall piece of money, in value about a far- thing. C^iA'DRINOMICAL, Adj. [qatuor zx^6. r.omen, Lat.J coiihlliiig of four denomina- tions. QUA'DRIPARTITE, Adj. [quatuor w6. partiivi, Lat.J having tour parties j divided into four parts. QUA'DaiPARTITF.LY. Adv. [fr.m quadripait'trVin a quadrip-iipite didiibiilion. QLADKIPARTF riON, ,s. adivilion Sy four, or the taking the iuurth part of any quantity or number. Q^'ADKIPY'LLOUS, Ad'. [ya«n/cr and ■fVX'/.ov] having four leaves. Ql'A- Q^U A QUADRTRE'ME, S, [^uad,;,wis, Lat.] a galley with four banks of oars. QUADRISY'LL^BLE, S. [quatuor :ini JjllabU] a word of four fyllables. QUADRIVA'LVES, S. [quatuor zn& v^l- ia, Lat.] doors with four fold?. QUADRI'VIAL. Adj. [quadnuhm, Lat.j having four ways meeting in a point. QUA'DRUPED, S. \quadrv.pdi, Fr. qua- irupts, Lat] an animal that goes on four feet. QUA'DRUPLE, Adj. [Fr.] four-fold. To QIlADRU PLICATE, V. A. \qua- drupUco, Lat.] to double twice ; to make fourfold. QUADRUPLICA'TION, S. [from qua- druplicate] the t.iking a thing four times. QUADRUPLY, Adv. [from quadrupk] to a fourfold quantity. QUi^'RE, V. A. [Lst.] enqnire; fceU. A word made ufeof when a queftion is put. To QUAFF, V. A. [coeffcr, Fr. to be drunk] to fwalJow in large draughts. To drinlc much. To QU.VFFER, V. N. to feel out. QUAGGY, Adj. iquag.] hogg'^. ^ QLIA'GMIRE, S. [i. e. qujk]r.g mire, ahog which trembles under one's feet. QUAIL, S. a bird of game, perhaps fo called from its mournful cry. To QUAIL, V. N. [quelen, Eelg.] to lan- guifli, or grow difpirited. QUAINT, Adj. [coba, Fr, csw^.-kj, Lnt.] nice, exact toexcefs. Subtilty contrived, fint- fpun, affected. QUAl'NTLY, Adv. nicely ; exaflly ; odd. QUAl'NTNESS, S. petty elegance ; od dlty. ToQTlAKE, V.N, [ciuacsn. Sax.] to (hake or tremi)le with cold or fear. To Ihake with the leall jog or motion. QU.AKE, S. a ihudder, or trembling mo tion. QU.\'KERS, S. [fo called from the extraor dinury agitations they were under when moved, as they fay by the fpirit] a religious fedt that arofe d'uriog the interregnum, and founded by George Fox. Their particular tenets are built on Scripture mifunderftood, and conlid in believing that every perfon is at prefent in- fpired in ihc fame manner as the Apoftles ; hence they rejeft a (landing miniltry, and hold, that no one is authorized to preach, nnlefs immediately infpired by the Holy Ghoft ; they reject the facraments of bap- tifm and the Lord's fupper as outwardly admi- niflered ; hold oaths on any occafion unlaw- ful ; are extremely plain in their apparel, as well as in their language; look on payment oftythesas inconfiflent with the gofpel, and ar-e remarkably fimple, and in general juft in their dealings. QLALIFICA'TTON, S. [Fr.] that which makes any perfot or thing fit. An accom- plilhment. Q^U A To QUA'LIFY, V. A. [qu^Il/er, Fr.-} to render fit for any thingor employment. To abate, foften, or diminiib. To modify. QUA'LITY, S. [qua/ite', Fr. quaUtas, Lat.] that wliich occafions a thi.Tg to p-fivft' our fenfes in a particular manner. A property or accident Difpofition or temper. Virtue or vice. Charatfter. Accomplifhment. Rank.- Kobiiitv. QLIALM, S [c-^vMlm, Sax. death] a fud-< dcri ht of fickncfs or languor. QUALMISH, Adj. feized with qualmifli- ncfs. QUA'KDARY, S. \quen di-a! je, Fr. what fhall I fay about it ? ) a doubt; a Hate of perplexity snd uncertainty. QUANTITY, S. [qusitii/, Fr. quantltasi Lat. I that property of a thing which anf'.vers to the queftion, hotu rrucb ? that which cm be increafed or diminilhed. In grammar, the Tcngth oif time ufcd in pronouncing a fyila.. ble. QTTA'NTUM, S. [Lat.] quantity; or a- mount. " The y;/a«*am of merit.'' Swift. QUA'RANFAIN, Ql'A'RANTINE, S. [qtiaramain, Fr.] the fpace of forty days which a Ihip's crew, ciming from p'acos al-^ fected with the pUgue, is obliged to obferve without intercourfe or commerce with o- ihers. To QUARREL, V. N. \quercUer, Fr.] to debate, difpate, or fall into variance. QUA'RREL, S. a ftate of variance. A ffate wherein two or moie perfons rruiually accnfe, conteft or fight with each other. A caufe of enmity, QUA'RRELLER, S. [from quarrel] he who quairels. QUA'RP.ELLOUS, Adj. [quarrelleux, Fr.] petulant; ealiiv provoked to enmity, Qt_'A'RRl".LSOME, Adj. inclined to brawls ; eafilv provoked. QlJA'R.P.ELiOMEN;-SS, S. petulance} choleiicknefs. Ql'A'RRY, S. [qvarre', Fr.] a fqunre. Gime flown at by a hawk, from qufir, Fr^ or iiirrv. A mine whence ftones are dug. ToQlJA'RRY, V.N. [irom the nouii] to prey upon. QUA'RRYMAN', S. [quany and rrjn>i] one who digs in a quarry. QUART, S. [Fr.] the fourth part of a g-iU Ion. A veife! which holds the fourth part of a gallon. QUARTAN, S. \fdns quartar.a^ Lat.] an afue happening every other day. ^QUARTA'iTON, S. [qua'-tm, Lat.] aa operation made by refiners, wherein a fourth. part of gold, and three parts of lilvcr are coni- pounded. QUA'RTRR. S. \ quirt, qi'^rtitr, Fr.]' A region of the TkI-s, alluding to the feamen's card, or the four points of the. horizon. A particular part of a town or court' ry. The place where foldiers ftand or are lodged. A » pr per Q^U E Q.U £ proper nation. Mcrcj", or pnrdon of life fliown by a conqueror. A meafure of eight buP-iels. A part of a (biOC, which makes up one fide of the hetl, and contains the (trap which holds the buckle. A clift or chink in a horfe's hoof from top to bottom. To <^f.VRT£R, V. A. to divide into four par's. To break by force. To flation or lods;e foldiers. '1 o feed cr diet. To bear as an addition to one's hereditary arms. Q.UA'RT£RAGE. S. a quateily allow- ance. QUA'R.TER-DAY, S. one of ihedaysby which the year is divided into four parts, and on which rents are paid. QUA'RTERDhCK, S. the fliort upper deck of a fhip. QUA'R i ERLY, Adj. contai.-.in"; a fourth part. Ql^A'RTERLY, Adv. once in a quarter •f a year. QUARTERMASTER. S. one who re- gulates the qu.ntci s or lodj^ings of foldiers. CHJA'RThRN, S. agili.orthefounh purtl of a pint. I (i.UA'RTERSTAFF, S. a ftafTof defence,! fo called from the manner of ufing it, one| hand being placed on tlie middle, and the. other half way between that and the end. | QL'A'RTILE, S, an afped of the planets, | when they are three ligps, or 90 degree dif-j tant from each other. | QUA'R ro, S. \par.-,, Lat] the fize of ' a book in wliich a Iheet is doubled fo as to! contain four leaves. To Ql'ASH, V. A. \^ua/cn Belg /^.-.vi-l {Jure, Itai. qi^affh, Lac] to crufh by fqueti- 1 ing. To fubdue fuddenly. To r.uke void or annul, from 'capis, Lat. j To QUA'SSATK, V. N. [quajjktum, Lat.] to Ihake or brandilh. QL'ASoA'TlON, S. a brandifliing or fhak- >ng- QUATE'RNARY, S. [Lat.] the number four I qirARTE-'RNON, S. [qi,ate,nlo, Lat.]! the;, umber 4. QUA'TTAIM, S. [y.va.'/vr//-, Fr.] a ftanza! conlifung of four lines. ! CiJJA'VER, S. a note in mafic, two ofi which make a crotchet, I ToQUA'VER, V, N. \ewavan, Sax.] to I (hake the voice ; to fpeak or fing wii;h a tre-| mulous voice. To (liake ; to vibrate. ] QU.'iY, S. \_quai, Fr.J a key or artificaP bank on a fea or river, whereon goods are ! landed, I QL'EAN, S. a worthlefs woman or flrum- QUEA'SINESS, S. [quea'y] the ficknefsi of a naufeated flomach. _Qyt.'A^Y, Adj. [quetdcn, r.clg.] fick Willi naufeoufnefs. Squeamilh j caui.ng nau- icoufneis. QUEBEC, S. the capital of the province I of Sanguenay, and of all Canada, in North .America : ;il;o the fee of a bishop. It lies at the jun(;tion of the river St. Laurence and "^t. Charles or the httle river, and on the N. lide of the former, being about 140 lejgues dillant from the fea. It has a large haven, capable of conta'ning im fhips of the line. Here the river St. Laurence (brinks from a breadth of four le.igues to that of a fingle mile : and hence the reafm of the name of the town. Below the town is acafcade called the Leap of Montmorency, and at the en- trance of the li'tle channel of the ifle of Or- leans fild to be forty (eet liigh, and thirty broad, thoinih caufed by an inconfiderable brook. A little above this is the city; Ijiit between that and the Kle of Orleans is a bafon a full le igue every way, into which the river St. Charles emp:ies itfelf from the N. W. fo that CNiebcc (hinds between the mouMi of that river and Cape Diamant At the fir(i building ofthe town in r6:!?, thctids cime quite up to it ; but (ince that, the river I hath funk and le("c :i dry large fpot on which j the lo.ver town is hti^lr, at the foot of a rocky I mountain, and eight fathom high. This ii j mofUy inhabited by merchant,, \'ji]tit is too , much crowded, and defended by a plittortn [about the middle, level with the water, and I commanding all vefTcls that go and come- The way iri.m the lower town to the higher is iietp. Thislart has noble edifices, :;s churclics, palaces, &c efpecially the houfeof the Knights Ho(pita!:erf, a (tons huilding, with two flTtely pivillions, and faid to have coft 40,000 livTc«. but unf.nilhed. Tiie cathedral, which is clumfey, and in a mean ftyle, has a large, high, and well-built tower, ken at a grcb.t dlllance. This is the refirence of the Vice- roy of Canada, who (tiles himfclf Governor and Captain General of New France and Loiiiruna,withafahryof about 12,000 crowns belidss prefents, perquidtc;, 8<.c. Befides the lower and higher towns, there is another beyond the latter, on the banks of the river St. Charles, .iiong which there are feveral noble country feats, &c. Cuebic has a caftle on the brow of a hill, about forty fathom above the town, but irregularly l5ui!t, and fn-tilied with only two baifions, and no ditch towards the town, the garrifon being incon- lidcrable. It has alfo another fort on Cape Diamant, a folid lock, which is 4Q0 fathom high, with only (ome tew works and redoubts commanding both it and the tov.-n : but the place owes it llrength more to nature than art ; and yet it fcems not to be very tenable. About the middle of the year 1760 the Bri- t;!h troops under General Wolfe, though with the iofs of that gallant young officer in the beginning of the action, took this place; and Brigadier Murray, whocf^mmanded after- wards ill the town, went out to meet a (Irong body of the French from M-»ntreal, who were coming to attack Quebec, in which encounter Q^U E Q^U I encounter many lives werclofl on both ncle<;, our men then retiring within Qjiehec : but Aiimivil Lord Colviiic, appearing in the liver St. Laurence, the French leireatcd to Montreal with the uCir.oft precipitation : and ibon after tliat, fiencral inherit cominj; up by land from the Briiifli colonies, took Mon- treal uj-pu t!ie Tiirrendvr of the French com- mander, witlioiit {hikiu:^ a blow ; io that this Country is novv altogether in the pof- ^jfefTion of the Englifh, Ciuebec lies 300 miles N. W of Bolton in New kngiand. X.at. 47 deg. 3<; miu. N. Long. 47 dog. 10 ruin. W. To QUECK, V. N. to fl-irink ; to fiiow pain. QUEEN, ?. [-yvvti, Gr."] a womsn invefted ■with fovtreign command. 1"hc wife of a king. A pictured card painted with the fi- gure of atjueen. QUEEN, V.N. t» play the queen. Q^JL'fiN'- APPLE, or QUEENING, S. a fpccies of apple. QUEER, Adj. odd ; ftrange ; particular. QUEE'REY, Adv. particularly ; oddly. qT'E--'i<NES, S. oddntfs i particularity. QUE'LST, S. \qucjtus, Lat.J a ring-dove j akiiid of wild pii;con. To QUELlVv, a. [civciLin, Sax. to killl to iubdue or Ciulh ; originally to kill. Neutely, to die. QUELLER, S. [from quell] one that crulhcs or fui^dues. QUELQUECHOSE, [Fr.J a trifie, a kicklluw. ToQUEiME, V. N. to pleafe. To QUENCH, V. A. [fzvemcn. Sax.] to extinguilh lire, allay thirft, or Hill any paf- fjan. Neuteriy, to cool ; lo grow cool. QUE'NCIiABLE, Adj. capable of being exiiiigUilhed, nllayed, or appcafcd. oDE'NCHLESS, Adj. not to be extin- guilhrd. QV'E'i'lELE, S. [t?ucre!j, Lat. c^iu-reUc, Fr.J a complaint to a court. QUE'RENT, S. frutic'w, Lat ] the com- plainant ; the plaiatiir. OUE'RIMONIOUS, Adj. [juniinonia, Lat. j tpierulous ; coniplaiuin;:. Ql'ERlMO'NIOUSLY, Adv. [from que- rimji-lo'-~s I ijoernlouily wiih complaint. QUERlMO'NiOUSNtSS, S. [from quc- riKoifkus] complaining temper. QUE'Ri^T, S. [quero, Lat.] one that propofes a qiicftien ; an enquirer. OUE.RN, S. [rzi'orn, Sax.] a hnndmil'. QLTKRPO, S. I corrupted from fiWcvio, Span. J a clofe-bodicd coat or waiUcoat. QUE'RRV, for EQUERRY, S. .cvyc; Fr.J a groom belonging to a prince, or one convcrfant in the king's Ibhkb. QUERULOUS, Adj. [yuentlus, Lat.] mourning; habitually complaining. (^•UE'RULOUSNESS, S. habit or cuality of cc/ii-.plainbg mournlully. QUE'R Y, S. [quare, Lat. [ a queftion, ot enquTy which wants a foliition. To QUE'RY, V. A. to afk queflions. T0QUE6E, V. A, [of ^ucej.-tus, Lat.]tf> fcaich after. (VrJhST, S. (p/rp, Fr.] theaftof feck- ing. An impannclledjwy ; contracted from inqiiiji An examination. 'lo QUEST, V. N. [que'tcy, Fr ] to go in feaich. QUE'STANT, S.fctket; endfavcurcra ter. .^ QC'ESIJON.S. [Fr quifno, Lat J any tiling propofcd to be examii.cd, anlweVed, or dcl<;,,ed. The fuLjcffi of debate. A doubt. A trial. 'Jo QUESTION, V. A. to afk, • : it«, or doubt of the truth of any thing < QUF.'STJON.-.i;LE, Adj. liable to doubt or difputc. QU'E'STIONARY, .^dj. [from qucfi\cn'\ enquiring , arming qucftions. QL'ESTIONA 1 NES<:, S. [from ^uej- tkr.\ thequaliryof being quefliorub.'e. .QUESTIONER, 6. [from qu.fmnl an enqi:irer, QUE'STIONLESS, Adv. certainly ; with- out doubt. QU'E'bTMAN, QL^E'STMONGER, S. ftaitier of law-fuits or proftcutions. QUE'STRIST, S. [from qucfi-] feeker ; purluer. QUE'STUARY, Adj. [from qucrfius, Lat.] fiudious (if profit. QUJB, S. a far^rafm ; a bitter taunt. QXm'BBLE, S. [qmdhUt, Lat.] a low conceit founded on the mere found of words, which l;em alike when pronounced, but have difltrcnt meanings. To Ql'IIiBLE, V. N. to pt:n, equivocate, or play on the mere found of words. QUl'BSLER, S. apiinfler. QL'KK, Adj. [fii'iV, Sax qukk, quiche^ old 'lent.] living, oppofed to dead. Swift, oppofed to liovv. Spitdv, oppi.j'ed to delay. A<^tive, nimble or :(ri;:i-,ily. QUICK, Adv. in a n.mblc, f]cedy, or ready manner. QUICK, S. a live animal. The living flelh or fcnfiblc parts. QUIC'KBEAM, S. {qukbcam. Sax.] the Irilh a(h, or forb. To QL'I'CKEN, V. A. [rwfMn, Sax.j to make alive. To liaflen. lo actuate or excite Neuteriy, to become alive. QUl'CKENi R, S. one uho makes alive j that which accelerates or a£luatcs. QUI'CK-LIME, S. lime not quenched with water QUl'CKLY, Adv.fpcedily; nimbly. Q^Ui'CKNE^S, S. fpeed. Swiftncfs. Ac- tivity. Senfibility. Sharpncfs. QUI'CKSAND, S. a moving fand. ToQUl'CKSEr, V. A. to fet with liv- ing plants. QUICKSET, S. a plant tliat will grow. QL'iCK- au 1 a.u I t^ICKSI'GHTED, A^j. feeing foon and far. QUICKSILVER, S. a fluid mineral, the heavieft .;f all known bodies next to gold, ofthe c&iciir of lilver, and lb fr.bi'e that it penetrate^ the paif; of all other metals, renders them brittle-, and partly difiolve'; them. QVL'DDAiyY,S. Iquidden, German] con- fe<n'.on of quinces made with fugar ; marma- lade. Ql'I'DDIT, S. [from quidlVjet, Lat.or qui dit, Fr.J a R''-illry or equivocation. CH.'I'Dul ry, S. [quiddifas, low Lat.] a tviflino; nicety, or cavil. QUIE'SCiiNCE, S. [quuf.ens, Lat.] a flate of reih , QUIE'SCENT, Adj. at reft ; not chang- ing place. QUI' FT, Adj. [quk'in, Lst.] flill ; free from dillurbance, motion, paflion, or Itrife. Smooth. QITI'ET, S. [qmes. Let.] a Hate where- in a thing is not moved cv diflurbed. Not noify. To QIU'ET, V. A. to calm ; or make filent. QUI'ETER, S. the perfon or thing that quiets. QUI'ETISM, S. the do^rine of the Qui- etills, who hold an apathy, or abfolute tran- quility of mind. QUl'ETLY, Adv. without noif^, difturb- ance, motion, or refinance. Oyi'ETNESS, S. a ftateof mind free from the turbulence of palTion. QUI'ETSOME, Adj. cafy, freefrom noife. QL'l^ETUDE, S. rcpofc or tranquillity. ** I'hJs quietude of mind." Wctton. QUILL, S. \kuhl, XeaX.caulh, Lat. a ftalk] the hard fhong feather of a wing with which pens are made. A pen. The dart of a por- cupine. A reed on which weavers wind their tlireads. QUILT, S. [co-uerte, Fr. Mcht, Belg. cul- cita, Lat.] a cover made by ftitching one cloth over another with fome fofi fubltance between them. To QUILT, V. A. to ditch onec'oth over another with fome foft fubftance between them. QUFNARY, Adj. \quinarks, Lat.] con- fining of five. QL'INCE, S. [coin,Yr. quidden, Teut.] a fruit fomev.hat lefembling a pear." To QUINCH, V. N. to ftir ; to fiounce as in rcfentment or pain. QL'INCUNCIAL, Adj. [£wm quhc:!rx] linvin;; the form of a quincunx. QL'rNCUNX, S. Lat.] %f;,\-r/?.-.v order is a plantation of trees, difpofcd originally in a fqujre, conlifring of five trees, one at e.ich *(Mner and a fifth in the middle, which dif- puiition, repeated again and ag;:in, forms a rcjiular urove, wood or wildernefs. Ql-'!Nqi:AGE'31MA, S. [L;'.t.] a Suq- day To called, becaufe it is the fiftieth day be* fore Eafler, reckoned in whole nuijbers. Shrove Sunday. QUINQUA'NGULAR, Adj. Iqmnqueand. ar.q-ulus, L.U.] havinv; five corners. 'QUINQUARTI'CULAR, Adj. [quirifue and . rticu/us, Lat.] confifting of five articles. QUl'NQUKFID, Adj [quinque zndfdus, I. at J cloven into five leaves. QLUNQUE'KNIAL, Adj. [quhquenvis, Lat. J lafling five years; iuppening once ia five veafs, QUI'N'CY, S. fcorrupted Crom fqninancyl an inflammatory fwelliiig in the throat. QLTIMT, S. [Fr,] a fcqucnce of five cards of the fame colour. QUI'NTAIN, S. [Fr.] a poll with a turn- ing top. QUl'NTAL, S. [q. d. centale, of fM^w, Lat ] an hundred pound weight, QUrNTESSEN E, S.[fomet!mes accent- ed on the fecond fyllable, quhuaejjlntia, Lat. J a fifth being ; an extraft of any thing, con- taining all its virtues. ' QUINTE'SSENTIAL, Adj. confiftingof quintefTence. QUI'NTIN, S. [falusquintanus, Lat. quirf tain, Fr.] an upright poll on the top of which. is a crofs turned round on a pin, having a broad bonrd with a heavyfand-bagon one end; the perfon playing at the g.ame ufed to Ilrlke the broad beard with his lance, and endea- vour to pafs by before the fand-bag could (Irike him, in its revolution, on the back. QL'I'NTUPLE, Adj. {quintuplus, Lat.J five told. QUIP, S. [derived from <ivhip\ a fharp jeft or taunt. To QUIP, V. A. to rally with bitter far- cafms. QUIRE, S. [chceur, Fr. choro, Ital, chorus, Lat.] a body of fingers, or a chorus. 7 hat part of a church where fervice is fung. A bundle of paper, confiding of twenty- four fheets, from cabdr, Fr. To QUIRE, V. N. to fing in concert. '• Sailing to the young-eyed cherubims." QUI'RISTER, S. one who fings in con- cert, particuhrly applied to divine fervice. QL'!R-K, S. a quick ftroke or (harp fit. A fmart taunt. An artful diftincflion. To QUIT, V. A. [part, paff quit, prcter. I ba-vcquit or quitted'^ to difcharge an obliga- tion or duty. To make even. To fctfree or difcharge from. To perform. To clear si debt. To ab<i«iuon or forfake. To refign or give up. QUI'TCH -GRASS, S. [c'zvki, Sax.] dog- graf>;. C>LnTE, AJv. [quhrc, Fr. free ; hence the original exprefTion, quite and clean, \. c. with a clean riddance] entirely ; pCiftdlly j completely. Ddi QUIT- Q^U O QUIT-RENT, S a fmall rent paiJ yearly ( in token of fubjedion to the lord of the manor. QUITS, Tnterj. a word nfed when any thing is repaid, or the oppofite parties in a game are even. QUI'TTANCE, S. [^uhtaKce, Fr.]zd\i:- charge from debt or obligaiion. A return or recomfience. QlirTTER, S. a deliverer. The fcoria of tin. QUI'TTERBONE, S. a hard round fwel- jng, on the coronet, between the heel and tlie quarter. QUi'VER, S. [corrupted from f9ui/r?r, Fr. to cover] a cafe for arrows. QUI'VER, Adj. nimble, or aftive. «' A «' little ^r/zT'i';- fellow." Shak. Obfolete. To QUI'VER, V. N. to play to and fro with a trembling n-otion. To Ihake, (liiver, or (hudder with cold or fear. QUrVERED, Adj. furniflied with, or placed in a quiver. To OyOB, V. N. to move as the embryo does in the womb. QUC'DLIBET, S. [Lat.] a nice point or fubtilty. QUODLIBETA'RIAN, S [^uodBet, Lcit.] one who talks or difputes on any fubjeft. QUODLISE'TIC.AL, Adj. [quodliiet, Lat. J not retrained to a particular lubjecl. QlIOiF, or COIF, S. [coeffe, Fr.] a cap. Particularly applied to that worn by a fcr- jeant at law. QIJOI'FFURE, S. [caffure, Fr.] head- drefs. " Her quoiffure.''' Addlf. (^OIN, S. f«!n, Fr.] a corner. An in- ftrument uied in raifing warlike engines. QUOITS, or COITS, S. a game played by tTirowing any thing from one (fated point to another. To QUOIT, V. N. to play at quoits ; to throw from place to place, Ad^lively, to throw. QUO'NDAAI, S. [Lat.] having been for- merly. QUO'RUM, S. ffrom quorum, the firft word in the commifiiin] a bench of juflices ; one in a commifTion without whom the reft cannot aift. QUO'TA, S. \quQtia, Lat.] a (hare or pro- portion. QITOTA'TION, S. [from qi,ote\ the acl of producing the pafTage of an author, either to iilufti'ate or confirm. A pa.Tige produced from feme author. To QUOTE, V. A. {qitcter, Fr.] to cite apaflnge from an author. QUO'TER, S. he that cites. QUOTH, V. Imperf. [from civltham, Goth, civihoi,:, Sax. gl:c':dan,\^tvL to fpeak or fay] he fays or fiid; though fometimes ap- plied to' the firft perfon, st% quo'h I. QUOTI'DIAN, Adj. [quotidianus, Lat,] happening every day. Daily. R A C QUOTI'DIAN, S. a fever that rcturr.5 every day. QUO TIENT, S. [Fr. quoties, Lat.] tlic number which (hews how often a fmallcr number is contained in a greater, or how often the divifor is contained in the dividend. R. The feventeenth letter of the alpha- bet, is called a canine letter, bccaufc ^ the pronunciation of it refernbles the fnarllng of a dog. The form of die capital in the Roman, Gothic, and Saxon, is alike, but that of the fmall letter, both in the Roman print and in writing, fcems to have been bor- rowed from the Hebrew ") rcfi, written back- wards. Its found is uniform. In words de- rived from the Greek it is followed by an h, as in Rhapjcdy, Ike. In phyficians prcfcrip- tions it (lands for Ric'ipe, i. e. take. To RA'BATE, V. N. [rahatre,'?v.'] (n falconry, to recover a hawk to the fifi again. To RA'BBET, V. A. [,abatre,rcibater, Fr.] to plane or cut channels in boards, fo as to make them fit each other. RA'BBET, S. a joint made by paring two pieces of wood fo as to wrap over each other* RA'BBI, or RA'BBIN, S. [Heb.]adoaor or teacher among the Jews. RA'BBIT, S. a fmall animal that burrows in warrens, efleemed for its fielh and fur. RA'BBLE, S. [rabula, Lat. j a tumultuous crowd of low people. RA'BBLEMENT, S. the lowed order of people : the vulgar. RA'BDOMANCY, S. [fa.ZhfA.x^lua, Gt.] divination by rods or (laves. RA'BID, Adj. \_rat'idus, Lat.] fierce, or fu- rious. RA'BINET, S. a fmall piece of ord- nance. RABIOSI'TY, S. [mhiofnas, Lat.] maJ- nefs ; furioufnefs ; outrageoufnefs. RA'BICUS, Adj. [rabioj'tn, Lat.] furious, ravenous ; outrageous ; mad. RACE, S, {Yr-irom radix, Lat.] a family afccnding or defcending. A generation. A particular breed. A root or fprig of ginger, ixom rayx. de gcni-hic!. Span. A particular ftrtngth or talle, applied to wine. An extra- ordinary force, applied to the underftanding. A conteft or courfe on foot or horfeback. RA'CEHORSE, S. a horfe bred to run againll: ethers. RACEJMA'TION, S. [racen:us, Lat.] chifier like that of grapes. RACERli'FEROUS, Adj. [racemus and fcio, Lat.] bearing cinders. RA'CER, S. one that runs to outftrip an- other. A racehorfe. RA'CINESS, S. [.-77,j] the qu-ility of being racy or ftrong tailed. RACK, RAD ■ Rack, S. [rach-n, Sclg.] an engine iifed in torturing, confifting of a wheel to which a perfon is faftened with his limbs extended. Torture or extieme pain. Any inftrumcnt which extends. A wooden grate in which hay is placed. A fpirituous liquor, contracted from ArracJc. To RACK, V. N. to ftream like dlouds driven before the wind. Aftively, to tor- ment, harrafs, oppvefs by exaction. To ex- tend. To draw off from the lees. RACKO'ON, S. an animal like a badger, having a tail like a fox, clothed with a thick deep fur ; it fleeps in the day in a hollow tree, and goes out in moonlhine to feed by thefea- fide. RA'CK-RENT, S. rent raifed to the ut- ternioft. RA'CKET, S. [frorti ^ayja, Gr.] a chat- tering noife. Clamouring, or noify confnfed talk. The inftrument with which a ball is ftruck, from raquettes, Fr, RA'CKING, S. a pace of a horfe, like an amble, excepting that its time is fwifter and tread fhorter. RACY, Adj. [yayz; Span, a root] ftrong tafted ; tadingof the foil. RAD, the old pret. oircad. RAD, RED, and R.OD, differing only in dialedl, fignify counfel ; as Conrad, powerful or Ikilful in counfel ; Ethelred, a noble cguh- fellor. RA'DDOCK, S. a bird. RA'DIANCE,. RA'DIANCY, S. {radi- ans, Lat.j a fpirkling luflrej the <}uality of darting rays. RADIANT, Adj. [radlam, Lat.] fhin- ing ; brightly fparkling ; emitting rays. ToRA'DJATE, V.N. [radiatm, Lat.j to dart rays, to fparkle. RA'DIATED, Adj. [radhztus, Lat.] a- dorned with ravs. RADLVTION, S. {radlatk, Lat.] a bea- !ny luftre. tmilHon every way from the center. _ RA'DICAL, Adj. [from radix, Lat.] o- riginal, implanted by nature. Serving to produce. _ R.VDICALITY, S. [from radical] ori- gination. _ RA'DICALLY, Adv. [from radical] ori- g'lnally ; primitively. R A 'DiC ALNESS, S. [from r«^fa/J the Hate of being radical. To RA'DICATE, V. A. [radicaius, Lat.] to root ; to plant firmly and deeply. RADICA'TION, S. the ad of fixing deep. RA'DICLE, S. [radicule. Fr ] that part of the feed of a plant, which becomes the root. RA'DISH, S. {radix, L^t.] a root. RA'LIU.S, S. [Lat.] the hmidiameter of a circle. Jn anatomy, 3 lon^ (lender bone of RAG the arm defcending with the ulna from the elbow to the wrift. RA'DNOR, S. a town of S. Wales, and capital of Radnorfhire, with a market on Thurfdays, and one fair, on October 19, for flieep, horned cattle, and horfes. It is feated near the fpring-head of the river So- mergil, in a pleafant valley, at the foot of a hill, where a caftle formerly flood. It is a corporation, has large privileges, and fends one member to parliament. Its market is how difufed. It is a8 miles N. W. of Here- ford, and I4Q W. N. W. of London. Long. 14. 29. lat. 52. 20. RA'DNORSHIRE, S. one of the fix counties of South Wales. The Welch call it Sir Vaes or Maes y Ved. It is bounded on the E.by Shropfhire and Herefordfhire , on the S. and W. by Brecknockfnire and Cardigan- fhire; on theN. byMontgomeryfhirc,inNorth Wales. It is about twetity-nine miles in length, and eighteen in breadth j has thirteen rivers, four market towns, fifty-two parifhes, and abrut 19,000 inhabitants, all in the dio- cefes of FIcreford and St. David's. 1 he air in this county is fharp and piercing. Its E. and S. parts are well cultivated, and pretty fruitful in corn ; but the foil elfewhere, ef- pecially in the N, and W. parts, is rocky and mountainous, being only fit to feed cattle and fheep ; though it is well-flored with woods, and watered by rivulets, having alfo (landing lakes in fome places. Its principal commo- dities are cheefe and horfes. The river Wye, which divides it from Brecknockfhire, has in its rapid courfe feveral catara<fts, receiving the Ython, Weverly, and other flreams. The Trent parts it from Shropfhire ; but the river peculiar to it is the Ythen, into v.'hich runs the Dulas, Clowdock, and Camerah ; after which it falls into the Wye. In thefe rivers there is plenty of fa'mon and other filh. This county fends one member to par- liament. To RAFF, V. A. to fweep, huddle, or take in a confufed manner. To RA'FFLE, V. N. {^-affler, Fr.] to cafl: dice for a prize. RA'FFLE, S. the determination of a per- fjn's right to a prize by cafting dice. RAFT, S. [probably from ratis, Lat.] a frame or float to carry goods or perfons On water, made by laying or tying pieces of timber together. RAFT, Part. PalT. oi rea-ve, or raff, torn, RA'FTER, S. {racfter. Sax. rafter, Belg. | pieces of timber, which compofe the roof of a building. RA'FTERED, Adj. built with rafters. • RAG, S. {hracade. Sax. fax®'> ^''-l ^ piece of cloth torn from the reft. Anything rent or tattered. RAGAMUTFIN, S. a perfon clothed in rags. G d J a RAGE, R A K RAGE, 3. [Fr.] violent anger or fury. AiTSravation or increafe of pain. "To rage, V. N. to be hinried away by Cicellive anger. To exercife tury. To aft with njjsd or ungoverned fury. RA'GEFUL, Adj. violent } furious. RA'GGED, Ad]! rent inro ratters. Un- even ; confifting ot parts almoft difunited. Dreflcd in tatters. Rugged ; not fmootb. R.\'GGEDNESS, S. ftaCc of being dreiTcd in tatters. RA'GIMGLY, Adv. with vehennent fury. RA'GIMAN, S. one who deals in rsgs. RA'GOUT, S. I'Fr. pronounced rago6] ineat ftewed and highly feafoned, RAGWORT, S. a plant. RA'GSTONE, S. a ftone fo named from its breaking in a ragged or irregular manner. The ftone on which the edge of a tool new ground is fmooihed. RAIL. S. \n.'r;el, Teut.] a crofs beam fixed at the ends in t'.vo upright pnfts. A fe- ries of pofls conncificd by beams, by which any thing is inclofed, diiferlng from a^ pale, becaute it does not rife fo high above the crofs beam. A kind of bird. A woman's up- per girment, called likewife i r.lghtrall. To R.'lIL, V. A. to inclofe wiih rails ; to range in a line. Neuterly, lo ipe.ik to or a- bout, \vit!i reproachful terms. RA'ILE.'^, S. one who infults or defames by opprobrious language. R A'lLLERV, S. Iwllenc, Fr.] Hight and joco.l" futire. RAI'MENT, ?. {for arrimt^em, from ar- ray'] cloadis, or drels. Seldom ufed unlefs in poetry. To RAIN, V. N. [reman, Fax.] to fall in drops from the clouds. To fall like rain. /.' raws, i. e. the water f.dls from tlie clouds. R.^.IN, S. [ret, Dap. rcr. old Teut.] water deftending from the clouds in drops. RAl'NliOW, .S. [ enL'^ga, Sax.] a meteor in form cf a parry-colouixd fcmicircie, ap- pearing in a rainy Iky oppofjte to the fun, by the rtfradion of its rays in drops of falling rain. RAIN-DEER, S. \branas. Sax. rarglfer, Lat.] a deer ufed in the northern comitriei for drawing Hedges. RAIN- WATER, S. water which de- feends from the cloads. RAl'NY, Adj. (howery ; wet. To RAISE, V. A. i>e:'a^ Swed. raijer, Dan. J to lift, or heave from the groimd. To fet a thing upright. To erect or build To prefer or e.-<jlt. To excite, roufc, or ftir up. To bring into being. To call into view, ap- plied tofpirits. 'lo utter loudly, applied to the voice. To colleft, applied to money. •RAi'SER, S. he that raifes. RAl'SIN, S. [Fr.] the fruit of the vine dried iu the fim or in an oven, RAKF,, S. [rdcr. Sax. raccbc, Felg.l an in- firunieiic v.hh teath, ufcd ia dividioggroinid, RAM or grubbing up weed?. A loofe, difordeHj, vicious, gay, and thoughtiefs perfon, froiw recailU, Fr. To RAKE, V. A. to fcrape together or clear with a rake. To draw together by vio- lence or extortion. To fcour or fearcK wiili vehement defire. Neuterly, to fearch ; t» grope. To pafs with violence. RA'KER, S. one that rakes, R.A'KE-HELL, S. a wild, vicious, or de- bauched perfon. RA'KISH, Ad.], like a rake; loofeorlewd. To RA'LLY, V. A. [raUkr, Fr.] to re- duce difordercd forces to order. To treat with fatirical mirth, or reproach with good hu- mour ; to banter. Neuterly, to come to- gether in a hurry. To come agiiin into or- der. To exercife fatirical refentment. R.\M, S. [Sax. and Belg.] a male fheep. An indrument with an iron head ufcd ia battering walls. To RAM, V. A. to drive with violence, alluding to the motion of a battering ram. To fill with any thing driven hard. To RA'MB'LE, V. N. [ranib, Swed,] to. wander ; to rove, or go about without any fix- ed refohuion, or determined place. RA'MBLEj S, a wandering and irregular excurfion. RA'MBLER. S. rover; wanderer. RA'MBOOZE, RA'MBUSE, S. a drink made of wine, ale,, eggs, and fugar, in the winter ; but of wine, milk, fugar, and rofc water, in the fummer. RA'MEKIN, RA'MEQUINS, S. {ra- mtiauifrs, Fr. ] fmall flices of bread coverei with cheefe and eggs. RA'MENTS, S. [ramexta, Lat.] fcrap- ings ; fhavintrs. To RA'MIFY, V. A. [rcin^^er, Fr.] to feparite into branches. Neuterly, to be part- ed into branches. RA'MAIER, S. an inftrument by which any thing is diivcn hard. The ftick with which a c!iarge is forced into a gun. RAMiFICA'TION, S. [Fr. from rar:us, Lat.]divilion or fcparation into branches ; the .nO of branching out. RAMMISH, Adj. rank,orftrongfcented. RA'MOUS, Ad] [ramus, Lat.J branchy ; confilling of branches. To RAMP, V. N. [ran:fer, Fr.] to leap with violence. To climb, applied to plants, RAMP, S. a leap or fpring. RA'MPANCY, S. [from' rairpant} pre- valence ; exuberance. RA'.VPANT, Adj. [Fr.] prevaillrg or breaking througli reflr.iint. In heraldry, rear- ed up in order to comb-t. To RA'MPART, RATVIPIRE, V. A, [from the roun] to fortify v. ith ramparts. R.VMPART, P. A Mi' IRE, S. a matfy bank of CTrili, cjnnon proof, raifed about the Iwdy of a pi ;ce, and formed in baflions, (Sec. The wall touiid fortified pl."ces. RA'M- R A N I RA^MPIONS, S. [rapuncidus, Lat.J a plant. RA'MSO'NS, S. an herb, RA'MSEY, an ifland of S. Wales, on the coaft of Pembrokelhire. It is about two miles ill length, and a mile and an half liroad. Near it are feveral (m:A\ ones, and thefe are known by ihe name of the Bifhop and his Clerks. It is four miks W. of St. David's, and feventeen N. W, of Milford- haven. Long. 12. 15. lat. 51. 55. RA'MSGATE, a fea-port town of Kent in the ifleof Thanet, where a very fine pier lias been lately built, for the fecurity of (hips that come into the harbour, being feated near the Downs, between the N. and S. Foreland, and is 10 miles N. E. of Canterbui-y. Long. j8. 55. lat. 5.1. 20. RAN, the pretcr of Run. To RANCH, V. A. [comipted from tvrench] to fprain or injure by a violent twift. RAN'CID, Adj. [rarcidiis, Lat.J Itrong fcented. R A'NCIDNESS,RA'NCIDITY,S. flrong fccnt, as of old oil. Muftinefs. RA'NCOROUS, Adj. [from rancour]rpke- ful in tlie high eft degree. RA'NCOUR, li-am-ocur, old Fr.] hatred continued. RAND, S. [Bdg.] a border or feam. *' The ram{ of a flioe." RA'NDOM, S. [randon, Fr.] want of direiftion, rule, method, or chance. RAN'DOM, Adj. done by chance, or without defigH. RA'N FORCE, S. the ring of a gun next the touch hole. RANG, prefer of Ring. To RANGB:, v. a. [ranger, Fr.] to place in order or rank. To rove over. Neuterly, to jove at large. To be placed in order. RANGE, S. [rarigcc, Fr.'] a rank or any thing placed in a line. A clafs or order. An cxcurfion; room for excurfion. Compafs taken in by any thing extended or placed in order. The ftcp of a ladder. A kitchen grate. RA'NGER, S. one that roves about. A dog that beats the ground. An officer that looks after the game of a foreft. RANK, Adj. [lanc, Sax.] ftrong ; grow- ing too faft. Fruitful ; bearing (trong plants. Strong fcented ; grofs ; coatfe. RANK, S. [rang, Fr.J a line of men placed a brcaft. A row. A clafs, or order. Degree of dignity. High place. To RANK, V. A. \rc:ngcr-, Fr.] to place a-breaft. To range or include in any parti- ctilar clafs. To difpofe in a regular manner. Neuterly, to be ranged ; to be placed. To RA'NKLE, V. N. to feller, or breed corruption. To be inflamed, applied both to' the body and mind. RANKLY, Adv. in a coirfe, or grofs manner. RA'NKNESS, S. exuberance j fupcrfluity ef growth. RAP RA'NNY, S. [mus araneous, Lat] the (hrewmoufe. To RA'NSACK, V. A. to plunderer pil- lage. To fearcli norrowly. RA'NSOME, [ran^on, Fr.] the price paid foi the redemption of a prifoner. To RA'NSOME, V. A. [rancortnc-, Fr.] to free from puni/hment or captivity by mo- ney. , RA'NSOMELESS, Adv. free from ran- fome. To RANT, V.N. [randcn, Belg.jto make ufe of pompous or high founding language without proportionable dignity of thought. RANT, S. high-founding language with- out proportionate dignity of thought. RA'NTER, S. a ranting fellow. RA'NTIPOLC.S. wild; roving; rakiHi, To RA'NTIPOLE, V. N. to run about wildly. RA'NULA, S. [Lat.] a foft fwelling, pof- fefling the faliva under the tongue. R ANU'NCULUS, S. [Lat.J a flower call- ed like wife crowfoot. To RAP, V. N. [hraeppan, Sax.] tofirike with a fmart and ijuick blow. I'o tap and rend, is, to feize by violence, RAP, S. a qviick fmart blow. RAPA'CJOUS, Adj. [rapax^ Lat.] given to plunder ; feizing by violence. RAPA'CIOUSLY, Adv. [irom raparhinl by rapine ; by violent robbery. RAPA'CIOUSNESS, S. [from rapacious^ the quality of being rapaci^HS. RAPA'CITY, S. [rapadte, Fr. rnpacitat, Lat.] the a(fl of feizing by violence. The quality of being addidted Eo plunder, RAPF, S. [rapt, Fr. raptus, Lat.] a vio- lent forcing of a virgin or woman. RA'PID, Adj. [rapide, Fr. rapidus, Lat.] quick ; fwift and violent of motion. RAPI'DITY, S. [rapidltc, Fr. rap\d\'.ssy Lat.] violent fwiftnefs of motion. RA'PIDLY, Adv. fwiftly; quickly. RA'PIDNESS, S, the quality of being vio- lently fwift. RA'PIER, S. {rapkre, Fr.] a fmall fwori ufed only in tlirufling. RA'PIER FJSH, S. a fini about five y.irds long, which has a fwcrd growing from its fnout a!)out a y-.rd long, at tlieLafis it is four inches over, two edged, snd pointed like a rapur ; it preys on fi(h, having firll ftabbed tlum with its fword RA'FIN'E, S. [Fr. rfl/.;«^, Lat.] the acH; of taking away tlie goods of another by vio- "ence. Force, Plunder. RA'TKR, .S. [from raf\owe. who ftrikes. RA'PPORT, S. [rapport, Fr.] relation ; reference. '1 o RAPT, V. N, to ravilh ; to put in ecflafy. P. APT, .'^. [from rap\ a trance, RA'PTURE, S. {raplo, Lat ] ecf>acy ; violence of jmy paflion ; lUKommon heat of I D d d 3 jma<jination j RAT imagination ; rapidity or hafte. *' Torrent " rapture." Milt. RA'PTUROUS, Adj. ecaatic ; tranf- porting. RARE, Adj. [Fr. rar:n,'Lz\.^^ uncommon, fcarce; excellent; thin, opp&fed to denfc; thinly fc.ittered. RARE'SHOW, S, a (hew carried in a box. RAREFA'CTION, S. [Fr.] the art of making any medium thin, or of extending the parts of a thing fo that they (hall take up more roi-m. RAREFi'ABLE, Adj. capable of being made thinner. To RA'REFY, V. A. [varcfier, Fr,] to make more thin. To become thin. RA'RELY, Adv. not often j feldom. Finely ; nicely ; accurately. RA'Rf'NESS, S. the quality or ftate of happening feldom and being uncommon. Va- lue arifing from fcarcity. RA'RITY, S. [raritc, Fr. raritasy Lat.] wncommonnefs. A thing valued for its fcarce- nefs or uncommonnefs. Thinnefs. RA'SCAL, S, irafcd, Sax. a lean bead] a mean fellow. A fcoundrel. RASCA'LIOM, S. one of the meaneft rank. RA'SCALITY, S. the low mean people. RA'SCALLY, Adv. in a mean, bafe, or worthjefs manner. To RAS£, V. A. [rafir, Fr.] to fkim or brufli the furftice. To deftroy or overthrow. To erafe or blot out. RASH, Adj. [rafch, Belg.] hafty, vio- lent, precipitate. RASH, S. [r^p, Belg.] fattin. An efflo- refcencj of red I'potson the fl;in, perhaps cor- rupted from rujh. RA'SKaR, S, [refat't, J^clav. rajatl, Swcd rlaati- Dalm. to cutj a flice j " a rajher of *' bacon." RA'SHf. Yj Adv. in a hafiy and thought- Icfs maruL-r. RA'SHNESS, S. foolilhconte.mpt of dan- ger. Inconfiderate hafle. R.ASP, S. [rafjio, Ital.] a rafpberry. To RASP, V. A. [rafper, Belg. rafper, Tr. rc'Jpar:, Ital. j to rub to powder, or wear away the furfnce witli a rough file. RASP, S, f from the verb] a piece or pow- der rubbed off a thing by a very rough or coarfe file. RASPATORY, S. [rafpatolr, Fr.J a chirurgeon's ralp. RA'SPBSRllY, S. a kind of a berry. RA'oPE.^RY-BUSH, S. a fpecies of bramble. RA'SURE, S. \j-aJuro, Lat.] the acl of fcraping or Ihaving. A mark in writing made bv rubbing out a word or letter. RAT, S. [ratte, Belg. ratta. Span, rat, Fr.J an animal larger than a moufe, that irifefts houfcs and (hips. To [mell a rat^ im RAT plies to fufpeft danger, or to be put on t>4C watch. R A'TABLE, Adj. [from rate], fet at a cer- tain value. RA'TAELY, Adv. proportionably. RAT.^Fl'A, S. [pronoLnccd /YJ///ie] a fine cordial prepared from the kernels of apricots and fpirits. R ATA'N, S. an Indian cane. An inftru- ment of cane ufed by fchoolmaftcrs. A low and mean fpecies of mahogany. RATCH, RASCH, S. in clock-work, a fort of wheel, which ferves to lift up the detents every hour, and thereby make the clock flrlke. RATE, [Pr. ratui, Lat.] a price fixed to any thing A fettled allowance or quan- tity. Degree. That which fets the value. The manner of doing a thing. A tax im- pofed by a parilh. To RATE, V. A. to value at a certain price. To tax. RATH, Adj. {rath. Sax. quickly] early in lealbn. ♦' 1 her<;rZ» primrofe." Milt. Not in ufe. RATH, S. a hill, RA'THER, Adv. [the comparative of ra/^, now out of ufe] more willingly. Preferably. In a great degree. IV^ore properly. Sooner. To ha-ve rather, is to prefer, or defire in pre- ference. RATIFICA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of confirming. R A'TIFIER, S. the perfon or thing that ratifies. To RA'TIFY, V. A. [rattmfuck, Lat.] to confirm. RA'TJOj S. [Lat.] proportion. To RATIO'CINATE, V. N. [ratlocincr, Lat.] to reafon ; to argue. RATIOCINA'TION, S. [ratidnath, Lat,] the a£l of deducing confequences froni premii'cs by the excrcife of reafon. RATIO'CINATIVE, Adj. argumenta- tive ; advancing by procefs or difcourle. RA'TIONAL, Adj. \ratlovalh, Lat.] hav- ing the ufe of reafon. Agreeable to reafon, RATiONA'LE. S. [Lat.] thegroundson which any thing is founded. RA'TIONALiST, S. one who admits of nothing but what he can account for on the principles of reafon. RATiONA'LITY, S. the power of rea- foning. Reafonablenefs. RA'TIONALLY, ^dv. [{vom rat-onal] reafonably ; with reafon, RATiO'NfALNESS, S, [from ratlor.al] the ftate of being rational. RA'TSBANE, S. poifon for rats, RATTE'EN, S. a kind of fluff. To RA'TTLE, V. N. [ratden, Belg.] to make a quick noife with ihaking hard thing.? together. To fpeak eagerly and noifily. Ac- tively, to make a thing found by (baking. RA'TTLEj S. a quick noife made by the collifioa R A W CGllifiGii of flicks, or fhakinga thing inclofeJ ill a box. Empty an::i louJ talk. Aninfhi- ment having foinethipg included in a hollow parr, ufed to pleale infants. RA'TTLEHF.ADED, Adj. [from rani,; and hrjd] giddy j nnfleady. RA TTLE-SNALE, S. a fnake fo called from the rattle at the end of its tail. RATTJ-E-SNAKE ROOT, S. a pknt, a native of Vii-ginia ; the Indians ufe it as a certain remedy againfl: the bite of a rattle- inake. RA'TTOON, S. a Wefl-Indian fox. To RA'VAGE, V. A. [ra^v^^a; Fr.J to Jay wade, fack, fpoil, or plunder. RA'VAGE, S. fpoil, or plunder. RA'VAGKR, S. plunderer'} fpoiler. RAU'CITY, S. [raucus, Lat.j hoarfe- nefs ; lond rough noife. To RAVE, V. A. [rwrn, Belg. raver, Fr.] to be delirious or talk irrationally. To burft into fits of fury like a mad perfon. To RA'VEL, V. A. [raw/cn, Belg.] to entangle or entwift. To unweave, or undo ihe thread of fomething woven, Neuterly, to fall into perpl'exity or confufion. To work in perplexity ; to bufy himfelf with intricacies. RA'VELIN, S [Fr.] in fortification, a work having two faces, that compofe a falient angle without any flanks. RA'VEN, S. [bra-fin, Sax.] a large black fowl. To RA'VEN, V. A. [raj!an. Sax.] to rob, to devour with great eagernefs. RA'VEN OUS, Adj. hungry to excefs. RA' VENOUSNESS, S. the quaUty of rag- ing after prey. RAUGHT, the old pret. and part, pafl! of reach, RAVIN, S, prey or food gotten by vio- lence. RA'VINGLY, Adv. [from rave] with frenzy ; with diflraftion. To RA'VISH, V. A. [ra-vlr, Fr.] to vio- late a perfon's chaflity by force. To take a- way by violence. To delight to ecftacy. RA'VISHER, S. he that embraces a wo- man by violence. One who takes any thing by force. RA'VISHMENT, S. the ad of violating chaftity by force. Exceflive delight. Rapture RAW, Adj. [braef, Sax. rau, Dan. roinv, Belg. roh, Teut.j not boiled or roalted. Not drefled enough either by roafting or boiling. Not covered with the fkin. Sore. Ignorant or unexperienced, applied to the judgment. RA'WBONED, Adv. [raw andicne] hav- ing bones fcarcely covered with flefli. RA'WHEAD, S. [raw and bead] the name of a fpe<ftre. RA'WLY, Adv. [from ra-w] in a raw manner. UnfkilfuUy. Newly. RAWNESS, S. the ftate of neither being boiled nor roafted, applied to food. Inexperi- ence, applied to the judgment. R E A RAY, S. [rah; rayon, Fr.] a beam of I'ght, or knowledge. A lilli, from ra^e, Fr. An herb. To RAY, V. A. [raya; Fr. ] to ftreak ; to mark in long lines. RAZE, S. {rayx; Span, root] a root. " Two ;-^2:« of ginger." ^hakei'. To RAZE, or RASE, V. a. {rafcr, Fr.] to overthrow, ruin or demolilh. To efl'ace. I'o extirpate. RA'ZOR, or RASOR, S. {t-ajoh-^ Fr.] an indrument ufed in (liaving. I RA'ZURE,_S. {rajurc, Frfj See Rasuse. I RE, is an infeparable particle ufed by the j Latins, and from them borrowed by us to denote iteration or backward a(flion : as re- [ turn, to come back ; rei-recujfion, the aft of ! driving back. RE'ACCF.SS, S. a return of a vifit. To REACH, V. A. [rn-cs^. Sax.] to touch or take hold of with the hand extend- ed. To arrive at, or obtain. To fetch from fome place diftant, and give. To transfer. To penetrate to. To be adequate to. To extend, or fpread abroad. Neuterly, to be extended far. To make efforts or attain. To take in the hand. REACH, S. the ad of taking or bringing by extending the arm. 1 he ad of taking or thouching with the arm extended. Power of attaining. The limit of the underftanding. A contrivance or artifice. Extent. To RE'ACT, V. A. to aft back again. To return an adion or impulfe. RE' ACTION, S. [Fr.J theaftion where- by a thing a<fted upon returns the adion upon the agent. READ, S. [rteJ, Sax. raed, Belg.] coun- lel. " To wicked rwr/." Stern. To READ, V. A. [prefer, and part. palT. read, but pronounced red, from rad, Sax.] to perufe, or utter by the voice any thing writ- ten or printed. Figuratively, to difcover by ^ marks or learn by obfervation. To know perfedly, or underftand, RE'ADING, S. [pronounced reeding] the art of perufing words written or printed. Study confiding in the perufal of books. A ledure. A public recital. RE'ADING, S. [pronounced Redding] the capital and county town of Eerkfhire, near the Thames, which juft by receives the Kennet, thai pafles under feven bridges in the town and neighbourhood. It is governed by a mayor, Si.c. who returnstwo members to par- liament. This is the mod confiderablc and large d place in the county ; and though they muil have a great trade into the neighbouring country, their principal traffic is with large barges by the navigation of the Thames to London, whither they carry vad quantiticsof malt, meal, and timber, and bring back coals, fait, tobacco, grocery, oils, &ic. Reading gave birth to archbifhop Laud and lord chief judice Ilolt, &c. Mere are th:ce churches I> dd 4 1^ R E A two large tneeting-houfes, befides that of the Quakers ; and it contains about Soco people, including a little hamlet at the bridge over the I'hames. Here is a county infirmary. Its r.i-rket is on Saturday, and fdirson Fcoiuary 1, for cheefe and horfcs ; May i, chiefiy for Jiorfes ; July 2<;, for ditto and other cattle j and September ai, for cheefe. Tn the neigh- bourhood is a cont nued body of oyfter-fhells, for tile fpace of five or fix acres. See the phi!ofi;phical Tranfacflions. It I'es forty miles W. of London, and fix from Maiden-- head. READE'PTION, S. [re and i<f^/.a-j,Lat.] recovery; afV of regaining. RE'ADER, S. one that purfues any thing written cr printed. One lludious in books. One vvhofe ofnce it is to read prayers in churches. REA'DILY, Adv. without heGtatioii, hinderance, or delay. READINESS. ?. [fee ReadvT the qua- lity of doing any thing without delay, or he- fitation. To RE'ADJOURN, V. A. [re and aJ- journ] to adjourn aiuin. RE-ADMISSION, S. the aft of admit- ting again. To RE' ADMIT, V. A. [« and adjnit] to let in again. To RE-ADORN, V. A. to adorn again. RE'ADY, Adj. quick in performance. Fit or prepared. Vv illing. Being at the point, or not far from being done ; without hinder- ance, or hefitation. Adveibi.;lly, readily ; fo as not to admit of delay. RE-AFFl'RMAVCE, S. [,^ and ejirn:- erce] fecond confirmation. REAL, Adj. [reel, Fr. realis, Lat ] relat- ing to tilings, not pcrfons. True, oppofed to fiflitious. Genuine. In law, confiding of tilings immoveable. RE'ALGAR, S. red arfenic. REA'LITY, S. Ireall:/, Fr.] truth, or real exiflence, oppofed to appearance. Some- thing intrinficailv important. To RE'ALIZE, V. A. [■.rnHfer, Fr.] to biing into being. To convert inoney into land. RE'ALLY, Adv. a<rtually, truly. Indeed. REALIvI, S. [pronounced rc'n.; from rci R E B RE'APING-HOOK, S. a crooked in flra- ment ufed in cutting corn. REAR, S. [ankre, Fr.] the hindermeft troop of an army, or the laft line of a fleet. The lall ciafs. To KEaR, V. A, \raran. Sax.] to raife up. To lift up any thing fallen. To bring up from an 'infant llate. To educate or in- ftrudl. To exalt or elevate. RE'ARWARD, S. the bfl troop. The end; thctail ortiain behind. The latter part. KEA'RMOUSE, S. U^ramus, Sax.] s bat, more properly Cpclt rercmouje. To REASCEND, V. N. to climb, or mount again. To i^o up a fecond time. REA'SO'^r, S. [;v/ro«, Fr. rath, Lat.] true and clear principle's. Clear and fair de- dudions from pieniifes. The ca.ife or final caufe. A faculty in man, whereby he is dif- tinguiflied from hccfi. , confittin'nt In deducing one propolition from . nother, or in finding out i'uch intermediate ideas \m may corned two didaur ones. Rigjn. AjuiT account. Ai'tfr 'ring, fuch meailhes as are onfillent with humanity. " Br'ingirg France to rea- " y&n." Add:: on To REASON, V. N. \ra\j-.nner, Fr.] to deduce confequencea from premifes. To de- bate, dilc uife, or endeavour to convince. A<flively, to examine by the rules of rcafcn. REA'SONABLE, Adj. {raifonalk, Fr.] having the faculty of reafon. Confident with tke lules of reafon. Juft. Moderate. Tolerable. REASONABLENESS, S. agrecallencfs toreaf>;n. Moderation. RE-4'."^ONABLY, Adv. agreeable to rea- fon. Moderately. REA'SONER, S. one who leafons j an arguer. REA'SONING, S. an argument. REA'SONLESS, Adv. voi^d of reafon. To REASSE'MBLE, V. A. to coUcft agjin. To REASSE'RT, V. A. to affcrt anew, or a iecond time. To REASSU'ME, V. A. [rfj/hmo, Lat.] to lefi.me j to t.nke again. To RlASSU'RE.^V. a. [rr^Jhrcr, Fr.] to free from fear ; to re (lore from terror. RE ATE, S. a kind of long imall grafs fl.'?r^, Fr.j a kingdom. Kingly government, j that grows in water, snd complicates itfelf RE'ALTY, S. [rente, it^il.] loyalty ' together. " Where faith and realty remain not." Par. Loft. REAM, S. [ra,ie, Fr. ricir., Belg.] a bundle of paper confi fling of twenty quires. To REA'NIV;ATF, V. A. to animate again. To veflore to life. To Rr annex, V. A. [rs and annex] to annex agiin. To RFAP, V. A. [ritan, Sax. ruppen, Btig.] to tilt com at harveft. To gather, or pbtain. Neuterly, to harveth RE'APLKj S. one that cuts corn. To REAVE, V. A. pret. reft, [ra-fiar. Sax.] to take away by fteaith or violence. To REBA'PTiZE, V. A. [rcbjpiifer, Fr. re and baptii^c'] to baptize again. REBAPTIZA'TION, S. {rebopt}fathn^ Fr.] renewal sf baptifm. To REBA'TE, V. A. [relattre, Fr.] 10 blunt, or deprive of its edge. REBA'TE, S. a rule in arithmetic, the fame as difcount. REDE'CK, S. Uchc, Fr. rlhecca, ItaL] a three Aiinsed fiddlci P-FBEL, R E C RE'BEL, S. [rebch'e, Fr, rddlis. Lat.] one who oppofes the lawful authority of a ibvereign. Ij ToKEBE'L, V.N. [r eLi//o, 'Lit.] to rlk in oppofuion lo lawful authority. REBE'LLER, S. one that rebels. REBE'LLION, S. the aft or Rate of tsk- ing up arms, or olherwife oppohng lawful authority. RE Bt'LLIOUS, Adv. engaged in oppofing lawful authority. REBE'LLIOUSLY, Adv. [from reieluous] in oppofition to a lawful authority. REBELLIOUSNESS, S. [from rdelUons'] the quality of being veLcilious. To REBh'LLOW, V.N. toccchoback a loud iioife. REBO'ATION, S. [?r/;fc, Lat.J the re- tun; of a loud bellowing found. To REIiO'UiND, V. N. [n-hndlr, Fr.] to fpring back a^^ahi from any furtace. A^ive- Jy, to reveri.erate or beat h.\Qk. RERO'L'ND, S. the a.ft of flying back after being driven with force againft ai:iy thing. RECU'FF, S. {rchvfade, Fr.] a quick and fiiddcn rcfiftance or check. lo REBU'FF, V. A. to beat back. To oppofe with fudJcn violence. To REBUl'LD, V. A. [pronounced rebi!d\ to build a!;ain. REBUk.^BLE, Adj. [£vom. nluke] wor- thy of being found fault with. To REBU'KE, V. A. [r.Zt.vrZvr, Fr.] to chide ; to find fault with, 'i o reprefs, by an unexpefted reproach. REBU'KE, S. any chiding exprefHon. A dieek. REBU'KER, S. a reprehender. RE'BL'S, S. a word rcprefenred by a pic- ture. A kind of a riddle in which the dif- ferent fyllablcs of a perfon's or place's name, are hidden under fome picluiefque leprcfcn- tation. To RKCU'T, V. N. [rebuter, Fr.] to re- tire hack. REBU'TTER, S. an anfwer to a rejoin- der. To RICALL, V. A. to callback again. To revoke, or refiore. RECA'LL, S. the aft or power of calling back. ToRECA'NT, V. A. fwawo, lat.] to retraft, or contradift what one has protefltd, faid, ordoiie. RECANTA'TION, S. the z€t of contra- gifting what a perfon has profcfled, iM, or done. RECA'NTER, S. one that recants. ToRlCAPI'TULATE, V. A. [recaji- iu'ir, f r.] to mention again. To repeat a- j^din i'l a csncifeor fummary manner. Ri-CAPiTULA'TlON, S. a dilHnft re- peating of the principal pquUs or arguments ©J a ti;iC0Ui-fc, R E C RECAPI'TULATORY, Adj. [from r-. cajjttubte] repeating again. To REfiA'RK.Y, V. A. [n and caijy] t» carry back. To RECE'DE, V. N. {reccdo, Lat] to fall back, retreat or defid. RECt'lFT, S. [pronounced recdt, from rcceftut, Lat-] the a(f\ of leceivine. A wil- ting acknowledging the receiving money, A phyflcian's prcfcription, or direftion for mak- ing any thing confilling of various ingre- dients. Reception. RECEI'VABLE, Adj. capable of being received. To RFXE'IVE, V. A. {rercf^h, Fr.] to take or obtain any thing as due. To tai-c from another. To admit. To conceive iu the mind. To entertain as a guelh RECEI'VEDKESS, S. general allowance. RECE'IVER, S, one to whom any tiling is communicated, or paid by anotlicr. One who partakes of the Lord's Supper. The Vil- fel into which fpii its drop from the Ai'l. T he vend into whicJi any fabjefts are put, when experiments are tried by the air pump. RE'CENCY, S. [reccr.i, Lat.J the ibte of beiu'.^ lately done, orcxiKenc. rV.CE'NSION, S. [m.^7^, I.at.] enti- mcration ; review. RF'CFN'T, Adj. [rcccns, Lat.] net Jong exiftcnt. New, late, frefli. RECE'NTLY, Adv. frefljly ; newlv. RF.'CENTNESS, S. the quality of being lately ufcd, made, or done. RECE'PTaCLE, S. [ircrjjtanfhr,', Lat] reflil or place into which any tiling is re- ceived. RECEPTIBl'LITY, S. [nccptus, Lu.J podibility of re''eiving. RE'CEPTAR/, S. thing received. RECE'PTIOM, S. [rcuptu^, Lat.] the art of receiving or entertaming. The (late or manner of being received or entertainti. Treatment at firfl coming. RE'CEPTIVE, Adj.- [recpms, Lat.] hav- ing the quality of adinitting what is commu-* nicated. RE'CEPTORY, Adj. [re^eptus, Lat.] ge- nerally or popularly admitted. RECE'S-, S. \tarjjin, Lat] retirement. Departure. A place of retirement, or fe» cr»^cy. An ablfraft cf the proceedings of u» iinperial diet. RECE'SSION, S. lr:cfjfio, Lat.] the aQ of retreating. RtCEVOI'R, S. a large bafon, ciilern, or receptacle for water. To RLCHANGE, V. A. [rcc!..ar.gcr,Yr.'\ in commerce, the fecond psvment of t'r.e price of exchange. To change again. To RECKA'KGE, V A. to accufe in re- turn. To ntt.ick again. RECM:.'AT, S. a leilen played on the horn v\hcn tl;e hounds have lull their game, to call thsni frcui u cc'tmt(rr(;?nt, B.ECI' R E C RECIDIVA'TION, S. [rcclJhus, Lat.] fallinj; a lecond time. REGIDI'VOUS, AJj. [rMai-vus, Lat.j fubjeft to fall again. KE'CIPE, S. [Lat. from the firrt word of a medicinal prefcriplionj a medicinal pre- fcfiption or receipt. RECI'PIENT, S. [rcdp;rs, l.?.t.\ that to which any thing is voluntuiiiy given. The veflcl of an air pump, in which the fubjt:£ls of the experiments arc included. RECrPROCAL, Adj. f>eciproci/s. Lat. reciproque^ Fr.j niutnalj airernate ; returned equally on both fides. Affeifiing both parties alike. Done by each to each. RECI'PROCALLY, Adv. [from ;w.y./o- ciil] n-.uti:jlly ; interc!iange:.Ij!v. RECl'PROCALNESS, S. [from rcdpro- cal) mutual return ; alteinntenefs. To RECITROCATE, V, N. [rcdproan, Lat.] to acl mutually or alternately. RECIPROCATION, S. the ftate wherein any aftion is done mutually by each part}'. RECI'SION, S. [rccjjio, Lat.j the aft of cv,tting olf. RECl'l^AL, S. [from redte'] the relating of a thing a fccond time j repetition j enu- meration, RECITATION, S. repetition ; rchear- iA. RRCITATI'VE, orRECIl'ATI'VO, S. [Ital.J a kind of mufical pronunciation, where- in the words are pronounced more mufically than in common fpeech, and lefs than in a ibng. To RECI'TE, V. A. [icdto, Lat, redter, Pr.] to relate ; to tell over or enumerate. To RECK, V. N. {recan, Sax.] to caye ; to heed ; to mind ; to rate it much. To RECK, V, A, to heed ; to care for. RE'CKLESS, Adv, \_reccckas. Sax,] care- Icfs; heedlefs, mindlefs. RE'CI:LESSNESS, S. [from reck] care- lefliiefs ; negligence. To RE'CKON, V. A. [rcccan. Sax,] to count or find out the number of any collec- tion. To efteem, value, or account, Ncu- ' terly, to compute. To lay ftrefs or depend- anceupon j ufed with upon ; from compter fur, Fr, RE'CKONER, S. one who computes ; one who calculates coft. Rc.'CKONING, S. a computation. An account of time. Account of debtor and creditor. Money due for entertainment at a public-houfe. An account taken. Efteem or value. To RECLA'IM, V. A. [w&;;.5, Lat,] to reform or make better. To reduce to the {late defircd. To recal, or cry out againd. To tame. To RECLl'NE, V. A. \rec/i>:c, Lat. redi- rer, Fr.] to lean back or fidewife. Ncuterly, to lean, itft, ov repofc. R E C RE'CLINE, Adj. [reclhils, Lat,] in a leaning pofhire. To RECLO'SE, V. A, to clofe again. " i'he door recljs'd.^' Pope. To RECLU'DE, V. A. [recludo, Lat.] to open. RECLU'SE, Adj [rec/iis, Fr. rcduf.s, Lat.] Qiut up from com[)any ; retired. RECOAGULA'IION, S. fecond coagu- lation. REC'QG\'IZANCE, S. [Fr, pronounced recoumf^fjrc] acknowledgement of a perfon or thing, A badge. A word or record, tefti- fying the rccogyjlfer to owe to the recogniftc a certain fum of money. To RfXOGNl'SE, V. A. [r^«^«o/<.<;,Lat.] to acknowledge; to recover and avow know- ledge of any perfon or thing. To review or examine judicially. RECOGNISE'E, S. the perfon in whofe favour a bond is drawn. R ECO'GNISOR, S. one who gives a bond to another. RECQGNI'TION, S, [recogmno, Lat.] review; renewal of knowledge. Acknow- ledgement. Knowledge avowed. To RECO'IL, V. N. [recukr, Fr.] to ru(h or bound back again ; to fall back ; to fail or flirink. To RECO'IN, V. A. [re and coin'] to coin over again. RECO'IN.aGE, S. [re and coinage'] the aft of coining anew. To RECOLLE'CT, V. A. [recolMui, Lat.] to revive in, or recover to, the memory; to recover reafon or refolution j to collect again. RECOLLE'CTION, S. the aft whereby an idea is fought after by the mind, and with pain and endeavour found, and brought again, in view. To RECO'MFORT, V. A. [re and com-. fc't] to comfort or confole again j to give new flrength. '1 o RECOMME'NCE, V. A. [recommencer, Fr.] to begin new. RECOMME'NCEMENT, S. a beginning a thing anew. To RECOMME'ND, V. A. [recomrr.encle>-, Fr.J to praife again ; to render acceptable ; to defaibc a perfon as worthy of the countenance of another. RECOMME'NDABLE, Adj. [Fr.] wor- thy of recommendation or praife, RECOMMENDA'TION, S. the aft of detailing the good qualities of a perfon to gain him a f-ivourable reception from another. RECOMME'ND A TORY, Adj. [from recommei:d] that which commends to ano- ther. RECOMME'NDER, S. one who recom- mends. To RECOiM.MI'T, V. A. [re and comnnt] to commit anew. To R E C R E \^ .To RECOMPA'CT, V. A. [re anJ com- pacl] to join anew. To RE'COMPENSE, V. A. [re:arper>jcr, Fr.] to repaj', or requite ; to return, or give in requital. To make up by lomething of ^qual value. To redeem or pay lor. RE'COMPENSE, S. [Fr.] the aft of ma- king a return, or equivalent. RECOMPI'LEMENT, S. [« and «».- fiicmeni'] new compilement. To RECOMPO'SE, V. A. [recon:poler, Fr.] to fettle or cjuiet anew. To form or ad- juft anew. RECOMPOSITION, S. compofuion re- newed. To RECOXCFLE, V. A. [rccondHer, To RECO'VER, V. A. [reauvrir, Fr.] to reftcre from flck.n-.fs or dilbrdcr. To re- pair or rejjain after lofi. RECO'VER A Bi.E, Adj. capable of being cured or regained. RECOVERY, S. cure. The power or z(\ of regaining. The (fate of a pcrlon cured. In law, the putting otf an entail. To RKCOU'NT, V. A. [rcconta; Fr.] to tell in a diftirKfland minute manner. To RE'COUP, V. A. [reccnur, Fr.] to cut a;5uin. To reply quickly and fliarply. To diicount. RECO'URSE, S. pronounced rccoarfc^ from rccours, Fr. recurfia, Lat.J freq'.ient pal- fage. A return or ii'-w attack. Applicatioa Fr.] to make a perfon like again. To make or attendance for help in protcflion. The confiftent. To rcflore to favour. h'A fenic i.s moll in ufe, the two former fcnfes RECONCI'LEABLE, Adj. fwowr/VwWf, ! being ohfolcte. Fr.l capable of reneued kindnels. Confiftent; j RL'CREANT, Adj. [recreant, Fr.] cow- poflible to be made confident. ardly j mean-fpirited j crying our, or recant- RECONCPLEABLENESS, S. [from rf- ing for fear. Apoftate. Falfc. concUeabie'\ confiftence; portibility to be re- | To RE'CRE.^TE, V. A. recreatua, Lat.1 conciled. Difpofiiion to renew love. 'to refrelh after labour. T^ aniufc wheii RECONCPLEMENT, S. the renewal of } weary. Figuratively, to deli^hc or gratify, kindnefs, or reftorcd to favour. Fricndiliip I To revive, or relieve renewed RECONCPLER, S. one who friendftiip between others. One who difco- vers the confidence between propofitions. RECONCILIA'TION, S. [Fr.] renewal of friendlhip. Agreement of things feem- ingly oppofite. Atonement or expiation. To RECONDE'NSE, V. A. to condenfe anew. RE'CONDITE, Adj. {reconditus^ Lat.] abftrufe or profound; fecret. ToRECONDU'CT, V. A. [reconJ/.'/V, Fr.] to condu^ again. To RECONJO'IN, V. A. [rf and conjoin] to join anew. To RECO'NQUER, V. A. [;^f o«^/,-v :»-, Fr.] to conquer again. To RECONNOPTRE, V. A. to exa- mine in order to make a report. ToRECONV£'NE,V,A,[/vand««ffw] to aflcmble anew. To RECO'NSECRATE, V. A. [rf and an^ecrate^^ to confecrate anew. To RECONVE'Y, V. A. {re and con-vey'] to convey again . To RECO'RD, V. A. {records,-, Fr.] to regifter any thing fo as to prefen-e the me- mory of it. 7 o celebrate, or caufe to be re- membered in a folemn manner. RECREA'TION, S. re f re (hra en t after toil renews }or wearinefs. Amufcment. RE'CREATIVE, Adj. [from recreate'] rc- tVelhing ; giving relief after labour or pain j amufini; ; diverting. RE'CREATIVENESS, S. [from reena- ri-ve] the quality of being recreative, RECREJVIENf, S. [recre;»ef,ruK, Lat.] drofs; fpume; fuperfiuous or ufelefs parts. P.ECREME'NTAL, RECREMENTI- TIOUS, Acij. drolly J coarfe. To RECRPiMlNATE, V. N, [recrim- ner, Fr.] to accufe another in return. RECRIMINATION, S. [Fr.] theacflof returning one accufa;ion bv another. RECRJMINA'TOR, S. [from recrin.;. nate] he that returns one charge with another. RECRUDE'SCENT, Adj. [rea-udefcens, Lat.] growing painful or violent again. To RECRU'IT, V. A. [r-ecri^cm, Fr.] to repair any thing wafled by new fupplies. To fupply the deficiencies of an army by new men. RECRU'IT, S. the fupply of any thing wafled. New foldicrs. R ECTA'N GLE, S. [ Fr. ref7:,vgulus, Lat.] an angle confiding of ninety degrees. RECTA'.VGULAR, Adj. [reaangu/^rh, Lat.l having an angle confiding of ninety RE'CORD, S. [the accent of the noun is degrees, generally on the firftfyllable, bet that of the; RECTIFI'ABLE, Adj. [rectify] capable verb always on the laftj a regilteror authen- tic mennorial. RECORDA'TION, S. [reeord^tlo, Lat.] remembrance. of being fet right. RECriFICA'TIONT, S. [Fr.jtheaacf fetting a thing light \\hich is wrong. In difiillery, the aft of drawing fpirits a icconol RECO'RDER, S. one who regifters any i time, in order to increaie their fiiengtl\. event. The keeper of the rolls in a city. A To R.E'CTIFY, V. A. [:-eJij7cr, Fr.l to kind of flute. Tj RE'COUCH, V, a. to lie down again. make right, or reform. To increafe the ifrength of /pirits by repsuted dii'tillation. RECTI- RED RECTILI'NEAR, RECTILI'NTiOUS, Adj. [from rcEius and linea, Lat.j Conlifling ct right lines. RE'CllTUDE, S. [Fr.j ftraitnefsoppo- (cd tTCurvity. Uprightnefs, orfreedom from iiey vice or biafs, applied to the mind. RE'CTOR, S. [reaeur, Fr. rU'for, Lat.j a ruler. A p-irloa or mini.lerof an tnim- propriated pariJh. RE'CTOKSHIP, S. the rank or office ot aredor. RE'CTORY, S. [reae^at, Fr.] a fp Iritual living, confining of land, tythe, and other oblations, feparatcd and dedicated to God, for the fervicc of the church, and for the maintenance of the niiiiller, to vvhofe charge it is committed. RECUBATION S. {recuho, Lat.] the a£l of lying or leaning. RECU'MBENCY, S. Irecumbcm, Lat.j lying or leining. RECU'MBENT, Adj. lying ; leanin'V. F.ECU'PERABLE, Adj. [rccui>^rabUh, Lit.] eafy to be recovered. RECUi'ERA'TION, S. the aft of reco- Ttring. RECUPERATCyRY, Adj. pertaining to recovery. To KECU'R, V. N. [rccurro, Lat.] to come back, or revive to the mind. To have jrecouife to, o; take refuge in. To RECU'RE, V. A. [re and cure'^ to re- cover from ficknefs or iahour. RECU'RE, S. recovery ; remedy. RECU'RRENCE, RECU'RRENCY, S. [from reairya!t\ return. RECU'RRENT, Adj. [yecumnt, Fr. re- ctn-rem, Lat.] returning from time to time. RECURSION, S. [recurjui, Lat.] re- tiirn. RECURVA'TiON, RECU'RVITY, S. Cexure backwards. RECU'RVOUS, Adj [w«/-w/i, Lat.] bent backwards. RECU'SANT, S. \rec:ifam, Lat.] one that refufcs to comply with tlie terms of a communion or fociety. RECUS'SION, S. li-ecujfus, Lat.] the aft ©f beating buck. RED, Adj. [rati, red. Sax. rouge, Fr.] ©ne of the primitive colours, of which the human blood rs. REDAN, REDENT, S. in fortification, ?n indented work, made in form of tiie ttethofaftW, with faliant and re-entering angles. REDA'RGUATION, S. [Lat.] a dif- provin;; or confuting. RF/D-SREAST, S. a fmall biiJ fo called from tiie colour of its bread. To REDDEN, V. A. to make red. Neu- terly to grow red or blufli. REDDISH, S. fomewhat red. _ REDDI'TION. S. [reddt, Let.] rcftitii- flcn, RED RE'DDTTIVE, Adj. in grammar, appiisi to the anfwer made to a queflion. RE'DDLE, S. an earth of the metal kind, of a clofc and even colour, fmooth, glofly, uncluous, remarkably heavy, ofafineHorid red ; that in England is the fincll in the world. REDE, S. [>W, Sax.] conncil or advice. " His own rcjc." SkakeJ. Not in ufe. To REDEE'M, V. A. [redimo, Lat] to refcue or relieve by paying a price. To re- compenfe. To pay an atonement ; to free from guilt. To free a pledge by paying what money was lent on it, together witli the inteieft. REDEE'MABLE, S. [from ndeeml capa- ble of redemption. REDEE'MABLENESS^ S. [from redeem- able] tli.e (late of being redeemable. REDKE'MER, S. one who ranfoms or faveslrom guilt by paying a price or making an atonement. A term trei^uciUly applied to our bl'jlied Saviqur. To REDELl'VER, V. A. [re andrff/iwr] to deliver back, REDELI'VERY, S. [from reddlwrl the a(fl of delivering back. To REDEMAND, V. A. [redcmand^r, Fr.] to demand back. RE'UEMPTION, S. [rv.redc»!f>tk,Lzt.] ranibm, or delivery from guilt or punilhmcnt by makin'^ atonement. REDE'IvIPTORY, Adj. paid for ran- fom. To REDENI'GRATE, V. A. to cover again with black. REDHICI'TION, S. in civil lavv,an zCihn to make void the fale of certain goods, and to oblioc the feller to take them back. RE'D-HOT, Adj. healed fo as to appear red. REDI'NTEGRATE, Adj. [redwtegratus, Lat.j reflorcd ; renewed; made new. REDINTEGRA'TION, S. [from redin- tcgrate'] renovation ; refloration. Rcdintegra- ckn, chymJHs call the telloving any mixed bo- by or matter, whofe form has been deflroyed, to its former nature and conftitution. RE'D-LEAD, S, [red iuA lead] minium. RE'DNESS, S. [from red] the quality of being red. REDOLENCE, RE'DOLENCY, S. [from redc/er.t] fwect fcent. RE'DOLENT, Adj. [redolois, Lat.] fwect of fcent. To REDOU'BLE, V. A. to repeat often. To increase by frequent additions of the fame quantity. Ntutcrly, to become twice as mutli. REDOU'BT, S. [redorite, Fr. ridona, Ital ] the outwork of a fortification. I REDOIJ'BTABLE, Adj. [Fr.] terrible to enemies. I REDOU'CTED, Adj. [tcdii.lie, Fr.] aw- ! fill ; loiniidiible. To REE R E F , To REDOU'ND, V. N. [redurJc, Lat.] j To REEL, V. A. to wind yarn onth? to be driven back again. To conduce. To fpindle on a frame. rcfult. To REEL, V. N. [ro//V«, Pdg r^gla. To REDRE'SS, V. A. [redrepr, Fr.] to Swed.] to ftagger or run from one fideaod fet right or amend. To relieve, rem cafe ; more properly applied to things. REDRE'S.S, S. a relief of grievances. Reformanon ; remedy. To RL'DSEAR, V.N. applied to iron, ■which, when too hot, bieaks or cracks un- der tlie hammer. RtDSTRE'AK, S. an apple fo called from Jts colour, preferred to all other fruit for mak- ing cyder. " Cyder made from redjlreak apples." To REDU'CE, V. A. {reduco, Lat.] to bring it to its former flate. To reform any ftate of difbrder. To break into fmall pieces, To degrade. To bring into a ftate of want or miiery. To fiibdne. REDU'CEIVIENT, S. the a<n: of bringing back, fubduing, reforming, or dimiiiilhing. REDU'CER, S. [from reduce] one that reduces. REDL'CIBLE, Adj. [from nduce] pofH- ble to be reduced. REDU'CIBLENESS, S. [from reducihk'] quality of being reducible. REDU'CTION, S. [Fr.] the aft of break- ing into pieces, or bringing into order from a ftate of diforder. In arithmetic, to bring numbers into their loweft terms. REDU'CTIVE, Adj. [reducTif, Fr,] hav- ing the power of reducing. then to the other, in walking. RE-ELE'CTION, S. repeated ekaion. To RE-ENACT, V. A. fo enaO anew. To RE-E'NJOY, V, A. to enjoy a fcconi time. To RE-ENTER, V. A. [re and enter] to enter again ; to enter anew. To KE-ENTHRO'NE, V. A. torcplacs in a throne. RE-E'NTRANCE, S. [re and ef:traT,:el the aft of entering again, REE'RMOU.SE, S. [hrcremus, Lat.] a bat. To R£-E'STABLISH, V. A. to eftablilh again. RE-ESTA'BLISHER, S. [from re-ej}a- t!ijb'\ one that re-eftablifhes. R£-ESTA'BL1SHMEN F, S. the aft of re-eftablilhing ; the Uate of being rc-ella- biifhed ; refiauration. To RE-EXA'MINE, V. A. to examine again. To REFE'CT, V. A. \refca-^s, Lat.] to reflore after hunger and fatigue. REFE'CTION, S. {^v.refeaio, Lat.] re- frelliment after hunger and fatigue. ^ REFE'CTIVES, .S. medicines which re- frelh, and renew ftrength, REFECTORY, S. [ref.aoh-e, Fr.] a room for refrefliment or eating. To REFE'L, V. A. \refeilo, Lat.} to re- REDU'CTIVELY, Adv. by reduftion ; fute or deflroy an argument. by confequence. To REFER, V. A. [refa-e, l.at. riferer, REDU'NDANCE, or REDU'NDANCY, Fr.] to fend to or difmifs^for information of S. \_redundantia, Lat.] a ftatc wherein things abound to tviccfs. REDU'NDANT, Adj. [/vAwa'^wj, Lat.] fiipcrfluons. Abounding to excefs. Ufing more words than are ufeful. To REDU'PLICATE, V. A. [r^and du- flkate] to double. REDUPLICA'TTON, S. [from ridu^li- aitc] the a(fl of doubling. REDU'PLICATIVE, Adj. ireduplicatlf, Fr.] double. RE'D-WING, S. a bird. To REE, V. A. to riddle ; to f;ft. To RE-E'CHO, V. N. to echo back. RE'ECHY, Adj. [corrupted from reck] fmoaky ; foocy. REED, .S. \rcod. Sax. rkd. Tent.] a hoi- low knotted (Talk. A fmall pipe. An arrow. To RE-E'DIFY. V. A, to build again. RE'EDY, Ad], aboimdinu with reeds REEK, S. [rcc. Sax.] fleam j vapour. A pile of coin or hay, uilially fpclt and pro i^unced rlc. To REEK, V. N. \rccan, Sax.] to fmoke ; to fleam ; to emit vapour. RER'KY, Adj. fmo.'.ky; tanned ; black. REEL, S. [rcol, Sax.] a turning fismc, on which yarn is wound from the fpindle. udgment. To addrefs or apply to for judg- ment. Neutcrly, to have refpcd or relation. REFERE'E, S. one to whom any thing is fubmitted or referred. RK'FERENCE, S. relation ; refpeft; view towards. DifmilTion to another tribunal. REFERE'NDARY, S. [ref.rcrdm, Lat.] one to who've dccifioH any thing is referred.- An officer in the court of chaiicery ; the mafter of requefts. To RE-F£RME'NT, V. A. [rf and /-r- )«f?7f I to ferment anew. REFE'RRIBLE, Adj. capable of being confidered as a relation to fomething elfe. To REFIN'E, V. A. to clear from dro{s or any impuritie.=. To polifli or clear froriii barbarifms, applied to language. To aHlifl nicety, REFI'NEMENT, S. the aft of cleanfing from drofs, foulnefs, or impurity. Improve- ment in elegance. Artificial praftice. Affec- tation of elegance. REFI'NER, S. one that clears from drofs, impurity, or liarbarifm'. Fo RE'FIT, V. A. \!'ef,:ire, Fr ] to re- pair, or rcficre after cfumagc. To REFLF'CT, V. A. [rcfcao, Lat] ta btnd 01 I'irow b.tck. Neutcrly, to throw b.ick light. R E F light, cr an Iraatie repvefentcd in i mirror- To thro A' Lack ilie iboiights on thcmlelves or thing? pall. To conlkler attentively. To bring reproach. REFLE'CTENT, Adj. [reflutens, Lat.] tentting back ; flying back. REFLE'CTION, S. [refuaicn, Fr. rcp^us. L.at.] the aft of throwing or bending back \ any image reprefentcd or rcflcfted in a look- ing-glafs ; thought employed on things part ; the perception of the operation of our own mind within us, as employed about the ideas it has got ; attentive confidcration ; cen- fure. REFLE'X, Adj. [ref.exus, Lat.] direfted backward. RE'FLEX, S. {rcfcxus, Lat ] rcfleaion. REFLEXIbl'Lli-Y, S. (from rcficxihle] the difpofition of rays to be turned out of a right line, tlveir natural coiufe inpaffingout of one medium into another. REFLE'XIBLE, Adj. [refiexus.l.zt.] ca- pable of being thrown back, or turned iVoni their natural courfe, applied to rays tof light. REFLF.'XIVE. .Adj. [rcLJlexus, Lat.] hav- ing refpect to fomething back ; capable of ieflefling. REFLE'XIVELY, Ad\'. in a backward i^ire<ftion. REFLO'AT, S. [re ani foot] ebb; re- flux. REFLORE'SCENCE, S. [nf.orcfcem:, Lat.] the quality of flourilhing or bloflbming a- iiew. To REFLOU'RISH, V. A. [re and/o«- tifo] to flourilh anew. To REFLOW, V. N. [rejluer, Fr.] to ^o:\' back. REFLU'EMT, Adj. [fomctiiTies ncrcntcd on the firft fjliaLle, from refiuem, Lat. j flow- ing back. REFLU'X, S. Wcfiuxus, Lat.] the aft of i having the power lo cool, flowing back ; the backward courfe of wa- REFRI'GFRATORY, S. that part of a ter. diftilling vetTel that is placed about the head To REFO'CILLATE, V. A. [;v/;a7,'a-j of a (till, and filled with water to coo! the con- R E F REFRA'CTION, .S. [Fr.] the firte of i ray \\hoib courfe is turned from a right line in going into a denfer medium. REFRA'CTIVE, Adj. having the power of refraf^ion. REFRA'CTORINESS, S. [homrefrac- tcrf'\ fulltn o!)i^in..cy. 'RKFRA'CTORY, Adj. [from refraRdre, Fr. i-cfi\-Mai-'.tn, Lat.] ohllinute ; Aubhorn j not fubmitting to authority or command. RE'FRA.GA13LE, Adj. [refr^gabUis, Lat.] liable to be confuted. ToREFRA'lN, V. A. [rcfrcfit-r, Fr.] to hold back or keep from adlion. Neuterly, to forbear or abftain. REFRANGIBI'LITY, S. [from rcfrari- Fil>.'e} tlie difpofition of a ray of light to be turned out of its natural courfe by parting out of one medium into anoiher. REFRA'NGIBLE, Adj. [from re ard frango, Lat.] capable of being turned ent of a right line, or their natural courfe, applied to the ray.s of light. REFRE NATION, S. [«and//-^w,Lat.] the a(fl of reftraining. To REFRE'SH, V. A. {refraUher, Fr.] to refrcfli after Ir.bour, pain, or want. To repair or improve any thing impaired by ne\» touches. T o cool. REFRE'SHHR, S. that which refrefiie;;. REFRE'SHMENT, .S. relief after pain, hunger, or fatigue. Figuratively, food of reft. REFRI'GER.'INT, Adj. [Fr.] cooling ; mitigatini; jieat. To REFRl'GERATE, V. A. lrefr\gera. tin, Lat.] to cool. REFRIGhRA'TION, S. {rcfrlgerath, Lat.] the aft of cooling ; the fl:ate of being cooled. REFRI'GERATIVE, REFRI'GFRA- TORY, Adj. [j-cfiigeratoriu!, Lat.] cooling; i:i!>:, Lat.] to reficfl-! <r chcrifli REFOCILLA'TION, S. refloration of ftrength bv refrefimient. To REFO'RM, V. A. [reformo, Lat. refo'-intr, Fr.] to change from worfe to better. Neuterly, to alter or make a change from worfe to better. REFO'RM, S. reformation or amend- Dicnr. REFGRrvrA'TION, S. f Fr.} the aft or •ftate of changing from worfe to better ; the change of religion from corruption to its pri- mitive (late. REFO'R M ER, S. one who makes a change from bad to better ; one who exploded the errors introduced into religion, and reduced it to its primitive ftate. To REFRACT, V. A. {refraElus, Lat.] to break the natural courfe of a ray. den fing vapours. Any thing in icrnallv cooling. rxEtRrCPIRIUlVl, S. [Lat.]' cool re- freftment. REFT, [pret. and part, pafli of Reave] taken or took away. RE'FUGE, S. {Yr.rcfightm, Lat.] flieltcr from danger or difhefs. An expedient. !o REFUGE, V. A. [rcfm^ier,Yx.'] to (helter or proteft in danger ordiltrefs. REFUGE'E, S. [refiig'ie, Fr.] one that flies his country to avoid perfecution. REFU'LGENCE, S. [*ee Refulgekt.] fpavkling or hriniit fplendor. REFU'LGENT, Adj. Ircfmgerts, Lat.] bright ; gliftering ; fliining. Splendid. to REFU'ND, V. N. Wefundo, Lat.] to pour back. Fivir.atively, to reflore or repay what is received. Ufed with the reciprocal pronoun bimfclf. to reimburfc. REFU'- k E G , REFtrsAL, S. [from refufe'] th« aft of denying to receive any thing offered, or of granting a tiling reqiiefted ; the right of hav- iiig a thing before another. To REFU'SE, V. A. [rcfufer, Fr,] to deiry any thing required, or offered. RE'FUGE, Adj. [the verb is accented on the fecond fyllable, but the noun on the firfl] unworthy of acceptance after a choice is made. RE'FUSE, S. that whicli is (it only to be thrown away, and is left on a choice. REFU'SER, S. he wlio refufes. REFU'TAL, S. [refuto, Lat.] the art of proving a (entiment to be falfe and erroneous. REFUTATION, S. [Fr. •efutatio, Lat.] the aft of exploding, or Ihowing an aflertion to be falfe and ei roneous. To REFUTE, V. A. [>efuto, Lat. refutcr, Fr. j to prove falfe and erroneous. ' ToREGAfN. V. A. [regagner, Fr.] to gain a fecond time : to recover any thing loft. RE'GAL, Adj. [Fr. ragalh, Lat.] royal. RE'GAL, S. [^legale, Fr.J a innfical in- ftrument. REGALE, S. [Lat.] the prerogative of a king. To REGA'LE, V. A. [regalcr, Fr.] to feaft ; to give an entertainment ; to refrelh. REGA'LEMENT, S. [Fr.] refrefhmentj Entertainment. REGA'LIA, S. [Lat.] the enfigns of a king. R- GA'LITY, S. [regaHs, Lat.] royalty ; fovereignty. To REGA'RD, V. A. [regarder, Fr.] to value ; to look upon as worthy of notice. To refpeft or mind. To obfcrve religioully. To refpeft or have relation to. To look to- wards. REGA'RD, S. [Fr.] attention to, as a matter of importance. Refpccf. Relation. Note or eminence. Look or afpecfl. "With ftern regard." M'lhon. K\\ o\i)z€i of figlu. REGA'RDABLE, Adj. [fro.m rcgardl ob- icrvable. Worthy of notice. RRGA'RDANT, Adj. in heraldry, a lion or fuch kind of bell of piey, painted as looking behind liim. REGA'RDER, S. [from rcg»rd\ one that regards. REGA'RDFUL, Adj. [regard, vccA fuir\ attentive ; taking notice of. REGA'RDFULLY, Adv. attentively; heedfuUy. Refpertfully. REGA'RDLESS, Adj. hcedlefs; negli- gent ; without taking notice. REG-.'RDLKSLY, Adv. without heed. REGA'RDLESNESS, S. hecdlcfs ; neg- ligence ; inattention. RE'GENCY, S. [from rc--ent'\ authority or government. Government adminiftcrcd for another. The diftricf governed by a vice- gerent. Thofe who are intrufl-ed with tJic government in behslf of an others REG To RE'GENERATE, V. A. Iregencntmi Lat. regcnerer, Fr.] to produce anew. Ts renew by a change of nature from a carnai to a chriflian ftate. REGE'NERATE, Adj. [rcgeneratus,-L3.t.1 produced anew. Born again or having one's natural difpofitions changed by divine grace. REGENERATION, S. [Fr.] new birth ; birth by grace from carnal afiedtions to a chriflian life. RE'GENT, Adj. [Fr. regeTis,'Lzt.'] govern-' ing. Exercifnig authority for another. RE'GENT, S. a governor or ruler. One inverted with authority for, or ruling in be- half of another. RE'GENTSHIP, S. the office orflatcof a vice-gerent. To REGE'RMINATE, V. A. [regermi- futum, Lat.] to fpring, or bud out, again. REGERMINA'flON, S. [re 3.iid germi- nathn'] the aft of fprouting again. RE'GIBLE, Adj. governable. RE'GICFDE, S. [regicida, Lat.] the aft of murdering a king. One guilty of mur- dering his king. RE'GIMlN, S. [Lat.] that regulation in diet and living fuitable to every particular courfe cf medicine. Rule or government. RE'GIMENT, S. [Fr.] a^'bodyof foldiers under one colonel. REGIME'NTAL, Adj. belonging to s: regiment. Ufed in the plural for the particu- lar un'form by which one regiment is dif- tinguifhed from another. RE'GION, S. [Fr. regio, Lat.] a traft of land. A country. A part of the body. Place or rank. RE'GISTER, S, [reg-Jlre, Fr, regifirum^ Lat.] an account of any thing committed to writing in fome book kept for that purpofe. An officer who commits any account or tranf- aftion to writing. To RE'GISTER, V. A. [regiflrer, Fr.] to commit to writing, in order to preferve from oblivion. To enrol or fet down in a lid. RtL'GlSTRY, S. the aft of inferting in a regifler. The place where a regiffer is kept. RE'GLET, S. [rcgju'itc, rr.Jaledgecf wood ufcd by printers to feperatc their lines in pages, wherein they arc printed at confider- able didanccs from each other. RR'GNANT, Adj. [Fr.] predominant; principal : reigning ; having power. ToREGO'RGE, V. A. {'-egirgcr, Fr.] to vomit up ap-ain. To fwallow back. To REGRA'FT, V. A. ['.v'v//.r, Fr.]- to graft again. To REGRA'NT, V. A. [re and grar^t^^ to grant back. To REGRA'TE, V. A. [from ^r^/^1 tw fliock or offend. " i^r^'d'.VY/^ the eye." Dcrb. To engrofs or forefial, from rr^rattkr^ Fr. REGRA'TER, S. [>;grj;:i:r, Fr.] fore- ftaller 5 en^'ollcr. 4. To Rl- R E J To REGREE'T, V. A. to re-filutc ; to greet a fecond time. REGE-EL'T, S. retHrn or exchange of fa- liitation. REGRE'SS, S. [regr/s, Fr. r:greffu:, Lat.] pailage back. The power of palling back again. REGRE'T, S. [Fr. rfgrcrto. Ital.] forrow for fotnethinj^ paft, or fomcthing lo(L Ufed by Prior in the plural, but without autho- rity. To REGRET, V. A. \regretter, Fr.] to repent, or grieve at fomcthing done or pall. To be UReafy Ht. REGUE'RDON, S. [mniiuerdon^xc- weird ; recompence. To REGUE'RDON, S. [from the noun] to reward. RE'GULAR, Adj. [reguHer, Fr. regularr, Lat.j conformable or agreeable to rule or method. In geometry, aj>p!ied tofuch bodies whofe fiirfacc is compofed of equal figulc, ■whofe folid angles arc all equul. InftitutcJ, initiated, or educated according to received forms or difcipline. RE'GULAR, S. [ycgulkr, Fr.] in the Romifh church, a perfcn that profefles and follows a certain rule of life, and ebferves the three vows of poverty, chaflity, and obe- dience. REGULA'RITY, S. [regulante, Fr.] the quality or (fate of being contormablc to rule, order, or method. RE'GULAi^LY, Adv. in a manner agree- able to rule. To RE'GULATE, V. A. \regtda, Lat.] to adjnd or diredl by rule or method. R EGULA'TOR, S. [Lat. [one that dlrec'^s nr adjuHs by rule or method. 'I he part of a Knchine whicli makes the motion eoual. A clock made ufe of to adjuft tiie n)otions of others. RE'GULUS, S. [Lat.] the finer and mofl vreighty pare of metals uhich fettles at the bottom on me'tin'T. To REGU'RgItATE, V. A. [from re i.r\i ptirg i, Lat.] to throw or pour back any thing atifovbcd. Neuteriy, to l;e poured back. REGURGITA'TION.S. [rrcmthe\eibj reforption : the atTi of fwa How inn back. REHABILITA'TION. S in'canon I.w, fignines d re enabling or renciii'g to a former ai'ility. To REHE'AR, V. A. to hear again. P,r.HEA'K.SAL, S. I from ,d.-cayie\ ihc z{\ of repeating or pronouncing. 'J he recital, trI.J, or pronouncing of any thing bsloretlie tf piefentjtion of it pulliely. \o REHEA'R.>^E, V. A- [from lehrnrl to repeat, recite, or rei.-.tc. To try or pronounce, as orepsr.iiorv to pul.Iic exhibition. ToRFJiCT, V. A. [r},aus,l.-it.'] xo refue wllhriit c- rrpi'iince or cnnfent, when ofl>-r-.i. cr rci-juclkj. To c-JX c!j o; tl-.rcw S R E I REJECTA'BLE, Adj. th?t may be fc- jefted. REJECT A'NEOUS, Adj. [Lat ] iinprcr- firable; held in fmall eftimation j thrown atide. REJE'CTION, S. [rc-eak, Lat.] the aft of calling off or throwing; afide. REIGLE', S. [Fr.] ahoUow cut to guide any thing To REIGN, V.A. [pronounced »<7?», front rceiio, Lat. regacr, Fr.] to enjoy or exercife fovtreign authority. To be predominant or prevail. To obtain power or dominion. REIGN, S. [rcg-r?, Fr regnum, Lat. J royrtl authority. The time during which a perfon esercifes fovereign authority. A kingdom or dominion. To REIMB-A'RK, V. A [retrMrker, Fr.] to take fliipping again. RELMI:AKKA'TI0N, S. [rembarque- mevt, Fr.J the aQ of going on ihipboard a- gain. To REIMBO'DY, V.A. [from r^ and imhdy, written iriorefrequondv, but lefs pro- perly, ev:l:'dy^ to reduce to ;i body asain. lo RKIMKU'RSE, V.A. [from ;r, m, and hoiirje^ Fr.J to pay again 3 or repair any lofs or expence. REIMBU'RSFMENT, S, [from r«V;;/5ar/;^ reparation or repayment. To REIMPRE'GNATE, V. A. \rc and iK-.pregnute \ to impreiinate anew. REIIMi'RESSION, S. \,-e and imprejf.cn'] a fecond or repeated impreflion, REIN, S. [rerf.s Lat.] that part of a bridle which extends from the horfe's head to the driver's hand. Figuratively, government, or an inflruiTient and manner of government. To gme the reins^ is to remove reflraint or give liberty. To KEIN, V. A. to govern by a bridle. Figuratively to reflrain or control. REINS, S. [not ufed in the fingniar, re- tifs, Lat. rein, Fr.J the lower and the fmall- eft part of the, back. To R Ei N FE'CT, V. A. [of r^ and i>ifc!7, Lat J to infeft or. corrupt again. To REINFOR'CE, V. A. [of«andf»- frcei-y Fr.J to add new foice or Ihength ; to recruit. REINFORCE'MENT, S. fupply ; aflif- tance. To REIN<;E'RT, V. A. [»•." and Ir.jcrt] to infert a fecond time. To REINS IT'RE, V. A. [« z.v\i h'.ffvel to infpire anew. To REINSTA'L, V.A. tofeatagain. To put ag:iin in podilTion. To REINSTATE, V. A. tp put again ir.tc pc!'!c(Iion of any port or office. To RE' INTEGRATE, V. A. \re and irteger, Lat.] to renew with rt-g:nd to any ilatc or quality. To REINVE'ST, V, to ;::ve!^ :;kvV. A. [/-e >f\ R E L To REJOI'CE, V. N. [rcjou'ir, Vr.] to VeceiVe repeated and incrcallng pleafurc- from fomethino pnlt; ufcd v/ilh fat or ist, Acftive- ly, to m ike joyful or gljd. REJOi'CER, S. one thnt rejoices. To REJOI't^, V. A. [pronounced rcjir^e, from rejo'mdo'-, Fr.] to go a<^ tin. To meet ag.iin. Ncuterly, to reply to an anAver. REJOI'NDER, S. [rejchidrc, Fr.j a reply made to an anfuer. An anfwer. REJO'LT, S. [rejah; Fr.] (hock; fuc- ceffion. To REI'TERATE, V. A. [re and kcratus, Lat. rcitzfcr, Fr.j to repeat again and again, REITERATION, S. [Fr.j repetitiou. To REJU'DGE, V. A. to try a fccond time. REJUVENES'CENCy, S. [Lat.] leQo- ration of youth. To REKl'NDLE, V. A. to fet on fire, or inflame again. To RF.LA'SPE, V. A. [relapjus, Lat.] to flip or fall back. To fall a fccond time into vice. To fall Tick a fccond time I'rom a ftate of recovery. RELA'PSE, S. a fecond fall into a vice or error forfaken. A return to any ftatc, c(f>c- ciail/ into ficknefs fiom a ftate of recovery. ToRELA'TE, V. A. [rclatus, Lat.] toi'cll or recite. To ally or be near to by kindred. Neuterly, to have relation or refpedt. RELA'TER, S. one that tells or delivers any narration. RELA'TION, S. [Fr.] the manner of feeionginw to any perfoii or thing. The re- fpecfl which one thing has to another when compared. Connciflion of one thing to ano- R E L RELE'ASE,S. [rclache, Fr.] difcharpe froni pain, penalty, claim, confinement, or fervi- tude. An acquittance from a debt. To RELLGATE. V. A. [,eL'guer, Fr. rekgo, Lat.j !o bapith ; to ey.ile. REL-EGA'TION, ^^ {idcgauo, Lat.] ex- '.; judicial baniuM-'ent. To RELE'NT, v'. Vu [relent e,-, Fr. ] to foftcn, or grow lefs rigc oiT, hard, or tciife* To give, melt, vr g-ow moift _ RELE'NTLF.SS, Adj. (from relcr::] un- pitying; unmoved by kindncfs or tentlerncfs* KK'LEV'ANT, Adj. [Fr.j reKevinp-. RELEVA'TION, S. Irelcvaiio, L^t.j a raifinp or lifting up. RELI'ANCE, S. [from n-/y] trud ; ccn- fider^ce on another. Ufed with on. RE'LIC, S, [rcuqida:, Lat. rrjique, Fr.j that which remains of any colledion or thing after the other part is taken by choice; ge- nerally nfed in the plural. The body of a perfon after death. Any thing kept in me- mory of a perfon decealcd. RE'LICT, S. [teliae, Fr. rcliaus, Lat.] a widow or woman whofe liufband is dead. RELLE'F, S. [Fr J that part of a figure which flicks out beyond the ground. Allevi- ation, or mitigation of forrow, pain, or dif- trefs. That which frees from danger, pain, or forrow. The difmifllon of a fentinel froni his poft. In law, remedy of wrongs. RELIEV'ABLE, Adj. capable of relief. To RELIE'VE, V. A. [rdc-vo, Lat. rele-veri Fr.j to recommend by the mterpofition of fomcthing of a different nature. To fupport or affift mutually. I'o eafe from pain or for- row. To fuccour or refcue from dano-T. ther. A perfon related to another by birth To give rcfl to a foldier, by placino- anotht-r or cnarnage. A rccifal of fadl P.E'LATIVE, Adj. [re/al}f,Yr. relatl-vus, Lat.] having relation, connexion, or regard, tonfidercd as belonging to and refpe^ting fijmetliing elfe. RE'LaTIVE, ~S. a perfon allied to ano- other by birth or marriage. In grammar, a vord or term, which is added to a noun to which it has fome refped, and without which it has no fignificatioii. RELATIVELY, Adv. not abfohuely ; as it regards fomething elfe. To RELA'X, V. A. [rehxo, Lat.] to flacken any thing (trained. To make Icfs ri- gorous. To m.ake Icfs atrentive or laboiious. To e;ife. To loofe. Neuterly, to be mild remifs, or free fiom rigour. RKLAXA'TIGNT, S. [Fr. relaxatio, Lat. j the art of ioofeiiing any thing drained. J he ceilation of reftr^iuc; abatement of rigour, attention, or application. RELA'Y, S. [rekir, Fr ] horfes that are placed in ditFerent ftages on a road to relieve others. To RELF.'ASF, V. A. [rckchcr, Fr.] to free from confinement, iervitiide, ^uin, ob- r;2at:on, pr reilraj-'it. n ins pod. To right by law RELJE'VER, S. one who releves. RELIE'VO, S. [ital.j that p.an of a fi- gure which projcifis beyond the ground on. which it is carved Jt is diitinguiihed into alto, where it rifes much, or after the life: and lajj'u, when it rifes Lu" little. RrcIGA'TION, S. [rengntio^ Lat.] the aft of binding fjlt, or tying'bjck. 'JoRE'LIGHT, V. a. [,e and %«?] to light anew. RELIGION, S. [Fr. rs/;>;,, Lat.] that wcrdiip wliich belongs to tiie Deity, when conf.Jered as our creator, preferter, and be- ncfaflor. Anv fyflem of faith and worlhip. RELFGIONiST, S. a perfon bigotted to any religious perfuafion. RELl'GlOUS, Adj. \renglcux, Fr. relighf:,:, Lat. J difpofed to the dutie.s of religion.) each- ingourduty towards God. Among the I-iomifh church, bound by the vows of poverty, chafli- ty,and otieuience. Figurative!), cxaft or liriO, RELi'GIOU.sLV, Adj. [frcm >u.^io^s\ pioufly ; with obedience to the diitat^s of re» ligiou. According to the rites /f tligion. Fieverently ; with veneration. Exactly; with I'lrict oLfcrvance, £ee RELl'GlOUS- REM R E M RELT'GIOUSNESS, S flate of being religious. To RELrN(:iyiSH,V. A. [rf/wyi/s, Lat.] to forfake, leave, delert, quit, give up, for- bear, or depart from. RKLrNQUISHMENT, S. the aft of forfaking. RE'LIQUARY, S. [Fr.] a fluine or cafket in which the relicks of deceafcd faints are kept. RE'LISH, S. [>e!ccbn; Fr.] theeffea: which any thing has on the organs of tafte, gene- rally applied to foniething agreeable. A fitiali tafle. Figuratively, fondnt-fs or delight in any thing. Senfe, or a power of perceiving. To RE'LISH, V. A. to give a tafte to, or feafon any thing. To have a liking to. ^euterly, to have a pleafing tafte. To give pleafure. RELI'SHABLE, Adj. guftable; having a taflc. To RELI'VE, V. N. [re and li-jc] to re- vive ; to live a-new. To RELO'VE, V. A. [le and lovi] to love in return. RELU'CENT, Adj. [rel.wr.s, Lat.] Alin- ing ; tranfparent. To RELU'CT, V, N. [reh^.'Icr, Lat.] to ftruggle again. RELU'CTANCE, RELU'CTANCY, S. T_> c'uci or, Lat.] unwillingnefs to comply. RELU'CTANT, Adj. [,r/u:?a,is, Lat.] unwilling; acting with repugnance. To RELU'CTATE.V. N. [ycIuJIor, Lat.] torefifl; to (Jruggle againft. RELUCTA'f ION, S. [jWkc^s;-, Lat. ] re- pugnance ; reliltance. To RELUME, or RELU'MINE, V. A. to light anew. To RE'LY, V. A. to put trufl: or con- fidence in. To depend upon. Ufed with €r. or upon. To REMA'IK, V. N. [rcranco, Lat.] to leave behind out of a number, quantity, or after any event, or time. REMA'IN, S. any thing left ; generally wfed in the pluril. A dead body. REMAINDER, Adj. remaining or left. REMAINDER, S. wliat is left. A dead tody. To REMA'KE, V. A. [re and make] to make anew, ToREMAN'CIPATE, V. A. [rcmarapo, Lat.] to fell or return a commodity to him *\ho firft fold it. ToREMA'InDjV. A. to fend or call back. RE'MANENT, Adj. [ren:ane„s, Lut.] the part remaining. REMA'RK, S. [remar^iie, Fr.] an obfer- vation ; a note or criticifm. To REMA'RK, V. A. [n-mar^uer, Fr.] to note, obferve, dilHnguifh, or point out. REMA'RKABLE, Adj. [Fr.J worthy of pbfervation or notice. RF.JMA'RIiABLY, Adv. [i\vmnr:a!iatlc-] the quality or j obfervable ; in a manner worthy of obferva- tion. REMA'RKER, S. [rcmarqueur, Fr.] ob- ferver ; one that remarks. RE'MEDIABLE, Adj. [fee Remedy] to be cured, or removed. REME'OIATE, Adj. medicinal ; afford- ing a remedy. RE'MEDILESS, Adj. not admitting cure or remedy. RE'MEDY, S. [nm/de, Fr. rewedium, Lat.] a medicine by wliich any diftemper is cured. The cure or removal of any uneafinefs or evil. The meins of repairing. To RE'M ED Y,V. A. Wcmedicr, Fr.] to cure or heal. To remove or repair any mifchief. To REiNIE'MBER, V. A. lrememorc,,Yr. temeinbraie, Ital.] to bear any thing in mind. To recal to the mind. To mention j to re- mind. R EME'MBERER, S. one who remembers. REME'MBRANCE, S. the aft of the mind by which it recalls any idea it once had. Me- inory ; honourable memory. Any thing by which one is kept in memory. REME'MBRANCER, S. one that re- minds J one that puts in mind. An officer of the exchequer. To REME'RCIE, V. A. {remercUr, Fr.] to thank. To RE'MIGRATE,V. N. [reir.lgn, Lat.] to remove back again. REMIGRA'TION, S. removal back a- gain. To REMI'ND, V. A. to revive in the memory. REMINI'SCENCE, S. {rem\r.;fccnz, Lat.] recollection ; recovery of idea?. REMLNTSCENTIAL, Adj. relating to reminifccnce. REMTSS, Adj. \remh, Fr. rewijfus, Lat.] wanting vigour j ilack. Slothful, or carelefs. Negligent. REMI'SSIBLE, Adj. [from «/n;V] ad- mitting forgivenefs. REMFSSION, S. [Fr. remi/fio, Lat.] a- batement of vigour,' feverity, or reftraint. Ceilation of intenfcnefs. Forgivenefs or par- don. REMl'SSLY, Adv. in a carelefs, negli- eiint, or flack manner. REMI'SSNESS, S. Want of care, atten- tion, vigour, or ardour. To REMI'T, V. A. [rcmltto, Lat.] lo make lefs intenfe. To forgive a punilhment, or pardon a fault, from nmirtre, Fr. To re- frgn ; defer j or refer. To fend money to a diitant place. Neuterly, to grow llack or lefe violent by intervals. REMI'TMENT, S. [from «r?.;r] the aft of remitting to cullody. RE7»II'TTANCE, S. the aft of paying money at a diflant place. A fum of money received at a diftancc from tlie perfon who fends Ir. J REMVTTER, REN R1?MI'TTER, S. one that fends money j to didant places. RE'MNANT, S. [corrupted from rcma- Ki'ns, Lat. 1 any tiling which is left or remains. REMCVMSTRANCE, -S. [Fr.] a ftrong reprefentatiou of tlie ill-confetjuences of any proceedin». To REIMO'NSTRATE, V. A. [remo?i- ftratus, Lat.] to fhow reafons again ft any thing in (hong terms. Ufed with a^a'mji. RE'MORA, S. [Lat.jaiet orobrtacle. A kind of worm, or fill:, which flicks to the bottom of fhips, and hinders them in tl>eir paflage. To REMO'RATE, V. A. {jemm-^r, Lat.] to hinder. REMO'RSE, S. [irmorfits, Lat.] uncafi- nefs occafioncd by a confcioufnefs of guilt. I'ity or fympathy. REMO'RSEFUL, Adj. [remorfe and full] tender ; compafnonate. REMO'KSELESS, Adj. [from remorfe] un pitying ; cruel; favage. REMOTE, Adj. [rc>!wtus, Lat.] diftant, applied to time, relation, or place. REMO'TENESS, S. the quality of being diftant, applied to relation, time, or place. REN RENCOU'NTER, S. [w;««/;r, Fr.] the. iCt'ion of two hodies thatmeet,or firikcagainfl each other. Clafli. Oppofition between per- foiis. A loof^ or cafual engagement, A fud- den combat. ToRENCOU'NTEP, V.N. [re?7ccn:ra; Fr.] to clafh. To meet an en>.myunexpeft- edly. To (kicmifh with another. To fight hand to hand. To REND, V. A to tear with violence; applied to tearing cloth or any thing woven. RE'NDER, S. [from rer.d^ one that rends j a tearer. To RE'NDER, V. A. [rendrs, Fr.] to pay or give back. To give on demand. To nijke or invcft with quality. To repre- fent. To tranlb.te, followed by in. To fur- render, followed by up. RE'NDER, S. [from render'\ furrender. RE'NDEZVOUSj S. [Fr.] a meeting, or place of meeting, appointed. To RE'NDEZVOL^, V. A. to meet at a place appointed. RENDI'TION, S. \_£tom render'), furrcn- dcring ; the aft of yielding. RENEGA'DE, or RENEGA'DO, S. [n- vc^ado. Span, rer.ega:, Fr.] one that leaves REMO'TION, S. [from remotus, Lat.] | his i-t'ligion on bafs principles. One who de- ierts to an enemy. To RENE'GE,V.A. frf^f^o.Lat.Jto deny. To RENE'W, V. A.''to reaore to its for- mer flate. To bei^in again or repeat. In fcripture, to make ^levv or change to a new (late of life. RENE'WAL, S, the aft of refioring, re- peating, or reducing to its former ftate. RENI'TENCY, ?,.- [rcniunt, Fr.] that refifiance in foiid bodies, when they preis upon, or are impelled again ft, each other. RENI'TENT, S. [rcnitem, Lat.J aft:ng againft any ippulfe by eladic power. RE'NNET, or RE'NNETTING, S. [properly reinette, Fr. a little queen] a kind of apple. To RE'NOVATE, V. A. \rcncTafu^, Lat.] to renew or reflore to its firit (late. RuNOV.VTION, S. the aft or ftate of being renewed. ToRENOU'NCE, V. A. {renoncer,Yx.\ to difown. To quit upon oatli. RENOU'NCFMRNT, S. aft of renounc- ing; rcnnnc'ation. RENO'WN; S. [rcnvmric, Fr.] prjife widely fpread. To RENO'WN, V. A. {>cncmmer, Fr.] to make famous, RENT, S. [from ;'W] a hole made by tearing cloth, or any thing woven. To RENT, V. A. [from rend] to tear. RENT, S. \7cnti, Fr.] an annual payment for the hire of any thing. A Aim of money due for the hire pf a thing. To RENT, V. A. \jaua; Fr.] to hold the aft of removing; the ftate of being re moved to diflance. REMO'VABLE, Adj. [from rema-je] fuch as may be removed. REMO'V^'lL, S, [from remo've'] the aft of putting out of any pod: or place. The ftate of being removed. To REMO'VE, V. A. {remowo, Lat.] to take away, or put from it» place. To place at a diflance. Neutcrly, to change place or abode. REMO'VE, S. change of place. The aft of moving a chefTman or draught. A flop or feries in the fcale of gradation. A fmall dU- tance. REMO'VER, S. one w'ho removes. To REMO'UNT, V. A. \remonter, Fr.] to mount again. REMU'NERARLE, Adj. rewardable. To REMU'NERATE,V. A. {remuncratus, Lat. remuna-cr, Fr. J to reward for ferviccs. REMUNER.VTION, S, {lemuncratlc, Lat.] reward J requital ; recompenfe j i-epay- ment, REMUNERA'TIVE, Adj. exercifed in difpenfing rewards. To REMU'RMUR, V. A. {remurmuro, Lat.] to utter b.ick in murmurs; to repeat in lovv hoarfe founds. Neutcrly, to murmur back ; to echo a low hoarfe (bund. RE'NARD. S. [Fr.] a fox. RENA'SCENT,, Adj. \renafcens, Lat.] produced again ; rifing again into bein?. RENA'SCIBLE, Adj! \renafcor, Lat.] ppflible to be produced again To RENA'VTGATE, V.'A. \re and «.i- l-y pavin;: rent. To let to a tenant - i'^'O to fail again, j ^ RL'NTABLE, Adj. that may be rented £ e e i RE'NXA- HEP RE'N^TAL,S.fchedu!coi- account cf rents. RE'NTER, S. he that holds by paying rent, RENVE'RSED, Adj. [renverf/, Fr.J over- turned. !:> RENU'MERATE, V. A- [remmera- turn, Lat.] to pay back. RENUNCIATION, S. [renur.datio, Lat.] the aft of renouncing. To REORDA'IN, V. A. to ordain again, ^n fuppofition of fonae defefl. KEORDINA'IION, S. repetition of or- dination. ToREPA'CIFY, V. A. [re and fadfy] to pacify again. REPA'ID, part. pafT of Repay. To REPAIR, V. A. [rcf>aro, Lat. re- parer, Fr.] to reftore after any lols or damage. To fill up anew. To mend by an ctjuiva- lent. REPAI'R, S. the afl or thing which fup- plies any lofs, damage, or injury. ToREPA'IR, V. N. to go to. REPA'IR, S. [re^aire, Fr.J reibrt ; abode, or an a^ of going to a pLce. REPA'RF.R, S. amender; reftorer. REPA'NDOUS, Adj. [repandus, Lat.] bent upwaids, RE'PARABLE, Adj. [repara^nHs, Lat.] capable of being amended, retrieved. Ri'TARABLY, Adv. in a manner capa- Lie of remtdy by reftoration, amendment, or fupplv. REPARA'TION, S. [Fr. rcparatlo, Lat.] the z(\. of repairing the damages made by time in a building. Supply of what is wafledi Recompence or amends made for an injury. RtP.-^RA'TIVE, Adj. whatever makes amends. REPARTE'E, S, [r^amV, Fr.] afmart •r witty reply. To REPARTE'E, V. N. to make witty replies. REPARTI'TION, S. [Fr.] the ad of dividing, or fharing again. To REFA'SS, V. A. [repjjfer, Fr.] to pafs back or again. Neuterly, to go back in the fame road. REP.'i'ST, S. [from re and fajlus, Lat. repas, Fr] a meJ. A feafl. Food. To REPA'ST, V. A. \_refakre, Fr.] to feed or fcart. REPA'STURE, S. [n and pnjlurt'\ en- tertainment. To REPA'Y, V. A. [yepa;ia; Fr.] to ffiy back any thing expended, or lent. The tiling repaid. Recompence or revenge. REP.VYMENT, S. the ad of re-paying. The thing repaid. To REPEA'L, V. A. [rappelUr, Fr.] to revoke or abrogate a law. REPE'AL, S. the ad of rcc«iling from e-xile.Tlieact of abrog;iting or revoking a law. REPEAVADLE, .'dj. cap.ibJc oi being ffpsilcd. i REP : ^ To REPE'AT, V. A. [repctir, Lnt. repetff, Fr.] to do or fpeak the fame thing mo.-'e than once. REPEA'TEDLY, Adv. over and over; more than once. REPE'ATER, S. one that recites. A watch w hich ftrikcs the hours by compreflicn of the fpring. To REPt'L, V. A. [rcpe'lo, Lat.] t» drive back any thing, or an aff.iiant. Neu- teriy, to a{t with a force contrary to that which is imprefled. In phytic, to prevent too great an arflux of humour to any parti- cular part. REPE'LLENT, S. [repdlcns, Lat.] a re- medy that has a repelling power. REPE'LLER, S. one that renels. - To REPE'NT, V. N. [,ef>e„tir, Fr.] t»' think on any thing part with fonow. 1 o ej?- prefs forrow for fomething paft.To Ihow fuch forrow for fin as produces amendment. It is very often ufed with the reciprocal pronoun. As, " if my father has repented him." Dryd. REPE'NTANCE, S. [Fr.] forrow for any thing part. Such forrow for part fms as ends in amendment. REPE'NTANT, Adj. [Fr.] forrowful for what is pa(t. Exprefling forrow for what it part. ToREPEOPLE, V. A. [r^ and people] to flock \^ ith people anew. To REPERCU'SS, V. A. [repercujus, Lat.] to Ixat back ; to drive b?ck, REPfcRCU'SSlON, S. [rcpera^JIo, Lzt.} the aA of driving back ; rebound. REPERCU'SSlVt, Adj. [rcpercufff, Fr.] having the power of driving back, orcaufing a rebound. Repellent. Driven back j re- bounding. REPERTI'TIOUS, Adj. [repertm, Fr.) found; gained by finding. REPE'RTORY, S. [repertorhm, Lat.J a treafury ; a magazine. REPETFriON, S. [Tr. repeufio, Lat.] the doing the fame thing more than one. The aft of reciting or rehcarfing. Recital from memory, oppofed to reading. REPIA'NO, REPiE'NO, S. in muCc, fignifies full, and is ufed to diftinguilh thofe violins in concerto's, which play only now and then to fill up, fiom thofe which play through the whole concerto. REPIGNORA'TION, S. the redeeming of a pleu2;e. To RFPI'NE, V. N. to fret, vex, or be dlfcontented, REPINER, S. one vrho frets or re- pines. To LEPLA'CE, V. A. to put again int» the fime place. To REPLA'NT, V. A. Ir^brter, Fr.] to plant anew. REPLANTA' I I0V, S. the aft of plant, ine a^uiii. T. REP ' T<i REPLAJ'T, V . A. [re zni flah] to fold one part often over another. : td REPLE'NISH, V. A. [from rt and fknui.L-M.] to ftock or fill. -RHPLE'TK, Adj. [r«//t/, Fr. re/^lcius, Lat.] compietely fi led. Filled to excels j followed hyn'ki). REPLE'TICN, S. [Fr.] the ftate of be- ing too full. • REPLE'VIABLE, Adj. {replegiabUhM^- barous Lat.] licible to be rellored after being ieized. To REPLEVIN, or REPLEVY, V. A. [rcplegio, low Lat. of re and plcv'ir, or pi'g"'., Fr. to pledge] to take back or fet any thing at libej-ty that is feized byway of fecurity. REPLI'CA, REPLICA'TO, S. [Ital.] in Riufic, lignifics to repeat. REPLICA'TION, S. {repUcatus, Lat.] an anfwer. To REPLY', V. N. [rctllquer. Ft.] to anfwer, or make a return to an anfwer. Ac- tively, to return an anfwer. Ufed with to, a-j/jmfl, or upon, REPLY, S, [re^.HqtiCy Fr.] an anfwer, or a return to an anfwer. IxEPLY'ER, S. he that makes a return to an anfwer. To REPO'LISH, V. A. [repolir, Fr.j to polifh again. To R P PO'RT, V. A. rapporter, Fr.] to fpread any thing by rumour. To give account of. LEPO'RT, S. rumour, or popular fame. Public character or reputation. An account returned, ufed with make. An account of cafes given by a lawyer. Sound or loud noife, applied to ordnance. REPO'RTER, S. relater ; one that gives an account. RKPO'RTINGLY, Adv. by common fame REPO'SAL, S. [from repofe] the aft of placing confidence. To REPO'SE, V. A. [rcpof.tus, Lat.] to lay to relt. To confide or tiult in without any fufpicion, followfd by upon or in. To lodge or lay up, followed by in. Neuterly, to deep or take one's rell. To reft in conh- dence. REPO'SE, S. deep, reft, quiet, or con- fidence. Cau/e of reft or confidence, REPOSEDNESS, S. State of being at reft. To REPO'SIIE, V. A. [rf/.oy7^«.,, Lat.J to lay up or lodge as iu a place of fafety. REPOSrriON.S, [from ,epoftte] the aft fif replacing. Rl.PO'SITORY, S. a place wherein any thing is fafely laid up. To REPOSSESS, V. A. [re mi pofcfs] to poftl-rs again. To REPREHE'ND, V. A. [reprehendo, Lit J to find fault with, or chide, for having done fomething amifs, To charge with as a iii.li ; ufed with of. REP REPREHE'NBER, S. blamer; reprover. REPREHE'NSIBLE, Adj. [Fr.j worthy of blame or ccnfure. REPREHE'NSIBLENESS, S. blameabJe- nefs. REPREHE'NSIELY, Adv. blameably;, culpably. REPREHE'NSION, S. [rcprehenfw, Lat.]. tlic a£t of finding fault ; chiding, or bLim^ ing. REPREHE'NSIVE, Adj. given to re- proof. To REPRESr'NT, V. A. [repre/enter, Fr. reprefaito, Lat.] to exhibit or Inow as if prefect. To defcribe, perf nate, or ihow ia any particular charader. f o fill the place of, or perfonate another. REPRESENTA'riON,S.fFr.] an image or likcnefs of any thing. The a£t of fupport- ing any character in (lead of another. A re- fpeiftful or humble declaration. R EPK ES (i'NT T A T I VE, Adj . [r^Z-reZ-Mz-rtf r/; Fr.j exhibiting a likenefs. Bearing any cba- raflcr by commiffion from another. REPRESE'NTATIVE, S. one exhibiting the likenefs of another, or exercifing a cha- rader in behalf of another. That by which any thing is fhown, REPRESE'NTER, S. one who fhows or exhibits. One who bears a vicarious cha- racfter. REPRESE'NTMENT, S. image or idea propofed, as exhibiting the likenefs of fome- thing. To REPRE'SS, V. A. [reprtjus^ Lat.] to crufli or fubdue. Tocomprefs. REPRE'SSION, S. the adt of crufliing ox fubduing. REPRE'SSIVE, Adj. having power to reprefs ; a<ning to reprefii. To REPRIE'VK, V. A. [rcprh, from rc- prcndre, Fr.] to free from a fentence of death. To give a refpite. REPRIE'VE, S. refpite given after fen- tence of death. To REPRIMA'ND, V. A. [rcpnmandcr,. Fr.] to reprove, or chide for ibraething amifs. REPRIMA'ND, S. an authoritative re- proof. To REPRI'NT, V. A. to renew an im. predion. To print a new edition. REPRPSAL, -S. i,eprifaiJc, Fr.] fome- thing feized in return for robbery or damage fuftained. REPRI'SE, S. [frprifc, Fr.] the art of taking fomething in lieu of a damage or in- jury received. To REPRO'ACH, V. A. [ropracher^ Fr.] to cenfure, or charge with a fault, in cenforious and opprobrious language. To upbraid. REPRO'ACH, S. {reproche,Yr.'\ the a^t of finding fault in opprobrious terms. Any thing which cxpofc* to infamy or difgrace. £ce 3 REfa.O'AGK^ REP REPROA'CHABLE, Adj. worthy of re- proach. REPROA'CHFUL, Adj. in terms that are fcurrilous or opprobrius. Caufing dif- grace or infamy. RE'PROBATE, Adj. [^cfrdi.s, Lat.] loft to virtue or grjce. RETROBATE, S, a perfon loft to virtue or grace. One abandoned to vsickednefs. To RE'P.ROBATF, V. A. [rel»ok:tus, Lat.] to difallow or rejeiV. To abandon to wickcdncfs and eternal deftruiftion. To aban- | don to one's fentcncc without hopes of pax- don. RE'PROBATENESS, S. the ftate of be- ing reprobate. REPROBA'TION, S. fpr.] the aft of abandoning, or the ftate of being abandoned to eternal mifery. A fentence of condemna- tion. • To REPRODU'CE, V. A. to produce again. REPRODL"CTIO^T, S. the a^ of pro- dticinp anew. RE'PAOOF, S. [frcn n/>r-z:] bi^me or reprehenfion fpoken to a perfon 's face. Cen- liirc. REPRO'VABLB, Adj. blameable; cul- pable : worthy of reprehcnfion. ToREPRO'VE, V. A. [nf>rouccr, Fr.] to blame. 1 o charge to the face with a fault. REPRO'VERj S. one tiiat reproves. RE'PTILE, Adj. [reptUisyLat.] creeping on the ground. RE'PTILE, S. an animal, wln'ch creeps or refts on one part of its body while it ad- vances with the other. REPTI'TIOUS, Adj. [re^ihius, Lat.] creeping. REPUB''LIC, S. [rcpuhlique, Fr. retul-lk^, Lat.] a Crate in which the power is lodged in more than one. REPUB'LICAN, Adj, belonging to a commonwealth; placing the government in the people. REPUB'LICAN, S, one who holds acom- monv^•ealth, without a monarch, to be thcbeft form of giivei-nment. REPU'DIABLE, Adj. fit to be r^jefted. To REPU'DIATE, V. A. [repudiam, Lat.] to divorce, or rcjefl. REPUDIA'TION, S. [from the verb] divorc :. a putting away ; rejeftion. REPU'GNANCE. REPUGNAN'CY, S. [rcl-ugnancc, Fr.] inconfiftency, or contraijety. I.tiugj!le in oppofition. REHU'GNANT, Adj. [np::gna^i, Lat. J difobeJient, contrary. ' To R EPU'LLUL ATE, V. N. [,e and /://- lulo, Lat.] to bud again. REPU'LSE, S. [Fr. rcpulfa, Lat.] the con - dition of being driven off from any attempt, or put afide from any dcfign. ' To RrPU LSE, V. A. [npuljus, Lat.] to JDeat back or drive of!. RES REPU'LSIONT, S. the aft or power of driving off from itfelf. REPU'LSIVE, Adj. driving off 5 having the power to beat back or drive off. To REPU'RCHASE, V. A. {,e and pur- da fc\ to buy again. RE'PUTABlE, Adj. honourable and in general eP.eem. RETUTACLY, Adv. without difcredit. REPUTA'TION, S. [Fr.] the general charaftcr of a peribn. Credit. To REPU'TE, V. A. [refuto, Lat. reputery Fr.] to hold, account or eftecm. REPU' Th, S. public charader. Eftablilh- ed opinion. Eflcem. REPU'TELESS, Adv. difgraceful; dif- reputably. REQUE'ST, S. {iequ(J}e,Yx.] the aft of afkiug any thing of another. An entreaty. Repute. The llatc of being defired. '1 o REQUE'S ; , V. A. to alk a favour of another. To entreat. REQUES'TEK, S. petitioner; foliciter. To REQUIC'KEN,V. A. [re and quicken'^ to reanimate. FE'Q; IEI\I, ?. [from vequia, Lat.] a hymn, fo called from its being ufcd in im- ploring rcji for the dead. Reft ; quiet or peace. REQLT'RABLE, Adj. deilrable. To K lQUIRE, V. A. [;vjK)Vo, Lat.] to aQc a thing as one's right, '10 make necef- fary ; to need. RE'Ql ISITE, Adj. [rcquijttus, Lat.] ne- cefliiry ; needful. Not to be dpne without. RE'QUiSITE, S. any thing cflentially or indifpenfibly neceflary. Ri 'QUISITELY, Adv. ncccfTarilyj in a re^juifiie manner. RE'CVLTSrrENESS, S. neceflity ; the Itate of being recjuifite. REQL'l TAL, S. [from requite] a return made for a good or bad office. A reward. To RE'QJUrE, V. A. {requher, Fr.j toi repay, or return, good or ill. RERE'WARD, S. the rear or laft troop of an army. To RESALU'TE, V. A. [refaluto, Lat. refaluer, Fr.] to falute or greet anew. ■J o RESCI'ND, V. A. \_rc_lcmde, Lat.] to. cut off. To abrogate or annul ; applied to laws. RESCI'SSION, S. [Fr. refajfm, Lat.] the aft of cutting offj abrogation. RESCrSSORY, Adj. [rcdjjoire, Fr. ref- c':JJus, Lat. J having the power to cut off. RE'SCRIPT, S. [rejcriptuv:, Lat. rejcnft^ Fr.] the edift or decree of an emperor. To RE'.SCUE, V. A. [rcjcorre, old Fr.] to. 'tt fiee, or deliver from confinement, danger, ur violence. KE'SCUE, S. an aft whereby a perfon is delivered from violence, danger, or con- finement. REb'CUER, S, one that refcues. 3 RESEA'RCH^ RES RESEA'RCH, S. [rcchenle, Fr.] dili2ent fcarch or" enquiry. To RESEA'RCH, V. A. [rechercha; Fr.] to examine ; to enquire. To RESEAT, V. A. [re and feat] to feat again . j RESET'ZER, S. one that feizes again. RESEi'ZURE, S. [le and fiixure] repeated ! feizure ; feizure a fecond time. i RESE'MBLANCE, S. [Fr.] likenefs. | To RESE'MBLE, V. A. [refcwikr, Fr.] to compare or reprefent as Lke fomethiny elfe. To be like. To RE'SEND, V. A. [re .nnd /WJ to fend back again. To RESE'NT, V. A._ [refMir, Fr,] to take well or ill. To.be oi^'ended at, or return an injury. RESENTER, S. one who feels injuries RESE'NTFUL, Adj. [refenfTinif,.'.'!] ma- lignant ; cafily provoked to anger, and long retaining it. RESE'NT INGLY, Adv. with deep fenfe; with flrong perception ; with anger. RESE'NTMENT, S.- [?7_/7:«.Wnf, Fr.] i flrong or hady fenfalion of good cr ill. A deep fenfe of injury. RESERVA'TION, S. [Fr.] the acft of concealing in theniind. Something kept back or not given up. Cufcody. RESE'RVA rORy,S. [refcr-voh; Fr.] place in which any thing is referved or kept. To RESL'RVE, V. A. [rcfir%'o, L.r. «- ferver, Fr.j to keep or fave tor feme other cime or purpofe. To retain. RESE'RVE, S. fomething (lored or faved againfl fome future exigence. Something concealed in the mind. Exception. A prolii- bitioTi ; an exception in favour of a perf ^n or riling. Modefty, or caution obfcrved in be- haviour. RESL'RVED, Adj. modeft or not too free in behaviour. RESE'RVEDNESS,S. the quality of keep- ing one's fecret fentiments. RESE'RVER, S. one that referves. RESERVOI'R, S. [Fr.] a place where any thing is ftored up, or coUedted in large quantities. To RESE'TTLE. V. A. [re zviA fcttlel to fettle again . RESE'TTLEMENT, S. the aft of fettling again. The (late of fettling aoain. RE.S1'ANCE, S, [from ,cf,ant] refidence ; abode ; dwelling. RE-SI'ANT, Adj. [rejfeant, Fr.] refident ; prefent in a place. To RESl'DE, V. A. [r,fJeo, Lat.] to dwell for a continuance. _ RE'SIDENCE, S. [Tr.j the aO of con- tinuing or dwelling in a place. A place of abode. RE'SIDENT, Adj. [refidens. Lit.] dwel- Wg or having abode in any place, RES RE'SIDENT, S. [from the Adj.] an a- gent, minilTer, or officer, refiding in any diflant place with the dignity of an am- bafl.'idor. RESID'E'NTJARY, Adj. holding reft- dence. RESI'DUAL, RESI'DUARY, Adj. [re/,- diium, Lit.] relating to that part which re- mains, RESFDUE, S. {refduum, Lat.J the re- mainder ; that which is left, ToRESrGN,V. A. [refigno, Lat, refigncr, Fr.] to give or yield up a claim or poflcflion. To lubmit with confidence; applied to pro- vidence. To fubmit without oppofition or refinance. RESIGNATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of yielding or fubmitting without rcliltance or doubt. RESIGNEE', in law, the perfon to whom the thing is refigned. RESl'GNEE, S. one that refigns. RESFGNMENT, S, aft of refionin?'. RESI'Ll ENCi , RESI'LIENCY, S, [frem ref.ih^ Lat.j the ad of ftarting, or leaping, back. RfST'LIENT,Adj. [rf/f/i.w, Lat.] ftart- ing, or fpringing back. RESILFiJON, S. \refilh, Lat.] the adl of fpringing back; refilience. RE'SIN, S. {ref.ue, Fr, tefvia, Lat'.] the fat fulphureous part oi" a vegetable, which will incorporate with an oily and fpirituous, but not an aqueous menlhuum. RESI'NOUS, Adj. partaking of the nature and properties of refin, RE'SINOUSNESS, S, the quality of being refinous. RESIPFSCENCE, S, [Fr-.] repentance. RESI'STANCE, RESFSTENCE, S. [written Tcjljlanccywhtn fuppofed to be derived from the French, but ref.flcncc, when derived from rcfiflens, Lat.] the act of oppofmg the defign of another. Tiie quality of not yield- ing to external force. RESISTIBFLITY, S. [from rcf.filk\ quality of tcfifting. PvESI'STIBL;- , Adj. [from r^fifi] that may be refided, RESl'STLESS, Adj. not to be oppofed. To RESFST, V. A. {ref^Jio, Lat. rcjlfler, Fr.] to oppofe, or aft againft. To hinder; to a£t againlt the imprellion of extern.il force. RESO'LVABLE, Adj. [from rr/ofce] ca- pable of being feparated or analyfed. Capable of being explained. RE'SOLUBLE, Adj. [Fr. refoluhilis, Lat.] capable or being difiolved or melted. To RESO'LVE, V. A, [,efo/-vo, Lat.] to inform, explain clear from any doubt or difficulty. To confirm or fettle in any opinion or determination ; ufed with at. To analyfe. To melt or diflblve. Neuter- 1 ly, to determine immoveably. To melt or ' fi e e ^ be RES be difiolveJ. To be fixed in an opinion j ufed with of. RESOLVE, S. a fixed refolution. RESu'LVEDLY, Adv. with firmnefs and condancy. RESO'LVEDNESS, S. refolution ; con- ftanry ; firmnefs. RESO'LVENT, S. [rcfohens, Lat.] that which has tlie.nov.'er ol" caufing folution. RtLSO'LVEl^, S one that forms a firm refulution. One that diflolves ; one that li;- par.'.ces parts. RESO'LVEND, S. in arithmetic, a tfm in ;l<i extradtion of the fquarc and cube roots, &c, fignifying t!ie number arifing from in- creaiing tiie remainder after fubtrasflicn. RESO'LVEV rs, S. medicines which dif- folvc and difperfe In chymiftry, hij^uors for the dJiolvi'ig metal-) or i.-iintrals. RESOLUTE, Adj. fixed, determined in anj' dcfij;a or undertaking Firm. RE'SOLUTELY, Adv. ffrom ,efo!ute'] de- tcimiri3te!y ; fiimiv; condantly; fteadiiy, RE'SOLU.'ENESS, S. [from rephtc] delerminatenefs; flate of being tixcd in rcfo- 'lution. RESOLUTION, S. [Fr. refclutlo, Lat.] the act of clearing from doubt or difficulty. The .ii\ of (rparating any thing into its coa- flituent paits Difibliition. A fixed detfr- minaiion, or fetiled thought. Steady in good or bad. The determination of a caufe in a court of juHiqe. RE'SOLUTIVE, Adj. {refolutu!., Lat. rejo- Ii/ti f, Fi\] having the power to difiblve. RE'SONANCE, S. [from rsjono, Lat.] found: rcfound. RES RESPE'CTIVE, Adj. relating to pnrtira- lar perfons or things. Relative, oppofed t<» abfolute; from refpeBif, Fr. RESPE'CnVELY, Adv. in fuch man- ner, as to refpeft both fides equally. Mu- tually. RESPE'RSION, S. [rejffjo, Lat.] the act of Iprinkling. RESPIRA'TION, S. [ref^lrauo, irom nf- pir-), Lat.] the aft of breathing. Reliefer refpite from l.ibour. ToRISPI'RE, V.A. [i-efpiro, Lat. ref- f:re,-. Fr.] to breathe j to catch breath. To relt, 3r take refl-. RE'SPl , E, S. [Fr.] reprieve, or the fuf- penficn of a cap.tal fentence. A paufe or in- terval from labour or pain. To RE SPITE, V. A. to relieve by a paufa or intermilTion, To fufpend or delay. RESPLE'NDENCE, RESPLE'NDEN- CY, S. [from reJpleiuUnt'^ glittering bright- nefs. RESPLE'NDENT, Adj. ['■efplcrJcns, Lat.] bright. Having a beautiful luCire. 'lo RESPOND, V. N. [refpondeo, Lat, repondrcy Fr. 1 to anfwer an argument or ob- jeOion. To correfpor.d or fuit. RESPO'NDENT, S. [refpondens, Lat.j one who anfwers ia a fuit, or in a fet d fpu- tation. RESPO'NSE, S. [rcfporfe, Fr. refponfum, Lat] an anfwer or reply made to an objec- tion, or argument. An anfwer made by a congregation in divine wdrPnip, wherein the pried reads one verfe or fentence and the people the other. RESPO'NSIBLE, Adj. [refponfum, Lat.] RE'SO.NANf, Adj. [Fr. refonans, Lat.l ; anfwerable, or accountable : nfed with foi; founding or ecnoing To Rf SO'RT, V. N. \nf,rth; Fr.J to have recourfe to To go publickjy, or repair to. Jn law, to fall back. RESO'RT, S. an adcmbly, or numerous body of men meeting in the fame place. Concourfe. The a£l o^' vifiting. Spring or aflive power. Refourct', iiom refort. -¥r. ToRESOU'NO, V. A. [rfon'o, Lat.] to echo ; to found back. To found ; to tell fo as to be he.ird far To return founds ; to found with any other noife. Neuterly, to be echoed hack. RESOU'RCF, S. {rfffource, Fr.] fome new and expedient mean* that offer. An ex- pedient ToRESPE'CT,V. A. [refpeS7us,Lit.'] to r«gard, or have regard to. Toconfiu'-r with a low degree of reverence. To have relation to. To look towards. RESPE'Cr, S. regard; attention. A low degree of reverence. Good-will. A confi- dcr-ition or motive. Relation or regard. RESI'E'CTER, S. one who prefers one before another from a partial regard. RESPE'CI'FUL, Adj. paying due reve- frencc. Full of outward ceremony. Capable of difcharging any obligation. RESPO'NSIBLENESS, S. the Ihate of be- ing obliged or qualified to account for or make good an engagement. RESPO'NSFON, S. [reft'.rjio, Lat.] the zi\ of anAvering. RE.SPO'NSIVE, Adj. [rcfpovfif, Fr.] an- f'vcring ; making anfwer. Correfpondent ; fi,ited to fomething elfe. RESPON'SORY, Adj. [rcfporfonus,h3t.'\ containing anfwer. RESr, S. [Sax. raflc, rcfla, old Teut. o'-i<72^, Tent, ra/?, Beig reuflfpi. Hung, rezz.o, llal.] fleep. 'l he flate of death, Cefiatioil from motion, diHurliance, or bodily labour. A fupport on which any thing leans. A place of repofe. Remainder, or what remiins, from refle, Fr. of refiO, Lat. REST, Adj. \relicr, Fr. quod r«y?,;f, Lat.j others Not included in any propofition. To REST, V. N. to be aflcep or dead. To ccafc from motion, Liiour, or diflurbance. To remain fati?fied. To lean upon, to be fupported, followed by upon. To be left or remain, from rcjhr, Fr. rfio, Lat. Acftive- ly, put into a flate of repofe or quiet. Tq confide ia ; ufcJ with up,oii. RESrA'GNANT, RES RESTA'GNANT, Adj. [rcpgran:, Lat.] remr^ining wirhrur fi j\v or motion. To RESTA'GNAT-, V. N. pennd/>7^- tate'] to Cmd i'hovit flow. RCSTAGN.VTIO^', S. [ircmrepgrate'] theOate of landing without flow, courfe, or motion. REST AU'^A''^' ION, S. [rejiauratui,1.2^t.'] the a(fl of recovering to its former ftate. ToRESTEM, V. A. [re and Jleml to force back againft the current. RE'STFUL, Adj. [reji zndi full} quiet; LeinjT at red. RESTHA'RROW, S. a plant. RE'STIFF, Aaj. [rejUf, Fr. ref^l-vo, Ita!.] nnwillhig to ftir, comply, orgo forward; ge- nerally applied to a horfe, which will not be driven forward, though it be not weary. RE'S riFFNKSS, S. UnwiUingnefs. R ES r I'MC Y ION, S. [rcjitnctui, Lat.] the aft of extinguifhing. RESrnU'TXON, S. {reptuth, Lat.] the aft of lertorlng any thing lofr, or taken away. RE'STLF.SS, Adj. unable to deep. Un- quiet. Unfi;ttled. In continual motion or aft ion. RE'STLESSNESS, S, a ftate wherein a perfon cannot fleep, will not ceafe from ac- tion, and is always in motion. Rf srO'RABJ-E, Adj. what may be re- flored. RESTORA'TION, S. ffiom repre ; re- f.aurati-jn, Fr.] the act of placing in its for- mer iLts. Recovery. RESTO'RATIVE, Adj. having the power to rccniit .,nv wafi-f. RESTO'RATiVE, S. a medicine that )ids the power cf rccruidng the wades of jiatuic To RESTO'RK, V. A. [refta-urer, Fr.J rcfiauru, Lat. J to give or bring back what is lofl, wafted or taken away. To retrieve from decay to its former ilite. To recover pafluges in books, from their corrtiption. RESTO'RER, S. one that reftores. To KES IR'AIN. V, A. {rcftremdn, Fr.] to witholJ or keep in. To hinder, from exerting power. To confine or limit. RE->TRA1'NA13LE, Adj. capable to be retrained. RESTRAI'NEDLY, Adv. with reftraint; without latitude. RESTRAI'NER, S, one that reflrains ; one that v.'tholds. RESTRA'INT, 'i>\reftreM, Fr.jin abridg- ment of power or liberty. A prohibition, reflriftion, or hindrance from afting. ToRE.-.TRI'CI-, V. A. [rejinBuZy Lat.J to limit or coniine. RESTRl'cnON, S. [Fr ] confinement. Limitation. RESTRICTIVE, Adj exprefling h'mi'a- tion. Inphyfic, binding or reiliiti^eot j f om RET To RESTRI'NGE, V. A- {relinng*, Lat.J to limit; to confine. RESTRI'KGtiNr, S. {rep/mgens, Lat.J poflefTing a cofHve, or reftraining, quality. RF'STY, Adj. [fee RestiffJ obfHnatc in not complying. To RE'SUL 1 , V. N. {rcfulter, Fr. rejuU tus, of refJio, Lat.] to fly back. To rife as a confequence; to be produced as an etfcft, or flow as a confcquence. RE'SULT, S. the aft of flying back. Aa efTcft flc'wing from the operation of any par- ticular caufe. A confcquence or inference from premifes. RESU'LTANCE, S. [Fr.] the aftofre- fulting. RESU'MABLE, Adj. [from reftimc] capa- ble of being taken back. To RESU'ME, V. A. [rcfun-o, Lat.] to take back what has been given, or taken a- way. To take again ; ufed by Dryden with aga'w, as, " refume again,^'' but improperly. To begin again any thing dropped or givea over. RESU'MPTION, S. [irfomptic, Fr. re^ fumpt'js, Lat.1 the aft of refuming. RESU'MPTIVE, Adj. [tefun.ptu,, Lat.] taking back. Ufed in the plural, for medi- cines that reflore decayed nature. RESUPINA'TION, S. \_yefuf:no, Lat.J the aft of lying on the back. RESU'PINE, Adj. [;<-;}./ .^w.', Lat.] lying with the face upwards. To RESURVEY, V. A. [re M\i fnri'tjl to review; to fttrvey" again. RESURRE'CTION, S. [Fr. rejurreEfw, Lat.] revival after death.' The adt of rifing again after death. RESUSCirA'TION, S. the aftof (Hrdng up ; reviving, or raifing again. To RETA'IL, V. A. {vetadlcr, Fr.j t* divide, or fell in Irnall narccls. RETA'JL, S. fdle 'conhfting in faiall quantities. RETAI'LER, S. one who fells by fmall quantities. To RETA'IN, V. A. {raenir, Fr. retmee^ Lat.] to preferve from lofs or without dif- ch.irge, To keep without lofs. To keep ia pay or hire. Ncuteriy, to belong to or depend on, ufed with to. To keep or con- tinue. RETA'INER, S. a dependent on another for fubfjftence. In law, a fervant w ho wears a perfon's livery, but does not dwell in his houfe. The .ift of keeping dependent. To RETA'KE, V. A. [horn re and takS\ to take again. To RETA'LIATE, V. A. [from re an4 talhy Lat.J to return in kind, or like for like. RETALLVTION, S. the eft of return- ing like for like. To RETA'RD. V. A. \rcundo, Lat. ;-c- \-~rdcr, Fr.j tu hj idcr in mutie:i tr IwiUnefs. RET To delay or put off, Neuterly, to fhy hack ei- delay. RpyrARDATION, S. the afl of hinder- 5ng aifiion in motion. Delay. Hindrance. RETA'RDER, S. obftru'a.T; hinderer. To RETCH, V. A. [hrac.in. Sax.] to fbice, or make an effort to force, fomething up from the ftomaeh. RE'TCU LESS, Adj. carelefs. RETE'CTION, S. [reuFtus, Lat.] the aO of difcoverina; to viev.'. RETE'NTION, S. [fr. rctajtlo, Lat.] the aft of keeping to, containing, or prcfcrving. Ill medicine, diat I'bte of contraflion in the folidj, which makes them hold fafl their con- tents. Memrry, or the act ot" keeping thofc jlmple ideas which the mind has received from fenfation and rel^ledion. Limitation cr rellraint, RETE'N'TIVE, Adj. [reur.tif, Fr. rctcn- tus, Lat.] having the powei- at retaining, or of prefervins; in the mind. RETE,'NflVEN'ESS, S. having the qua- lity of retention. RE'TICENCE, S. {retker.ce, Fr. rctken- t',a, from rciicgo, Lat.] coiiceaiment by fi- Icnce. RE'TICLE, S. [rcnculum, Lat.] a fmall net. RETICULAR, Adj. [retkiJum, Lat.] in the form of a net. RETl'CULATED, Adj. frr//V«/.-7/w,Lat.]' made of net-v.orh formed with meflies. RETIFORM, Adj. Intiformis, Lat.j hav- ing the form of a net. RETi'NA, S. one of the inner tunics of the eye. RLTrNUE, S. [rctem/e, Fr.] a number at- tending on a great pcr.fbn ; a train. To RETI'RE, V. N. [n-t'n-r, Fr.] to go to a place of priv-.cy. To withdraw fron) fight. To retreat from dinger. To quit a public ftation, or a company. Actively, to withdriw, or take away. RETI'RE, S. a retreat. A place of pri- vacy. RETI'RrD, Adj. fecret; private. RETI'REDNtS>, S. the flale of being free from public emj.Ioy, cr company. Pri- vacy. RETI'REMF.NT, S. the ftate of a perfon who quits a pnldic liation,oi a populous place. A private abode, or way of life. To RETO'RT, V. A [rctcrth-, Fr. retor- tum, Lat.] to throw back. To return an ar- gument, ccnfurc, or any incivility. To bend backwards. RETO'RT, S. [retortc, Fr. rct^rtum, Lat.] a cenfure or reproach returned. In chemillry, a glafs vefTel wiih a curved neck, to which the receiver is fitted. RETO'RTER, S. one that retorts. R'cTO'RTlON, S. the aft of retorting. To RETO'SS, V. A. [re and tcj'] to tofs back. RET To RETOU'CH, V. A. fpronounccd <.- /KcZ-, from retoucher, Fr.j to improve by ncv.- touches. To RETRA'CE, V. A. {reuacer, Fr.J to trace back. ToRETRA'CT, V. A. IretraElu,. Lat. retr.der, Fr.] to recall; to recant. To take back ; to rffume. R ETR.-iC r A'TION^ S. \_retranauo, Lat.] recantation ; change of opinion. RETRE'AT, S. {rctrahte. Fr.] a place of privacy or fotitudc. The aft of going back to avoid a fuperior force. A place of fecu- rity. To RETRE'AT, V. N. to go to a private or Solitary dwelling. To take fhelter. To retire from a fuperior enc.my. To quit a former place. To RETRENCH, V. A. Irctrcncher, Fr.] to cut offor pare away. To confine or Icflen, applied to expences. Neuterly, to live with lei's expcnce or porno. RETRE'NCHMENT, S. [rctrcnchcmcvt, Fr.] the a(ft of lopping or paring away any thing fuperfluous, applied to writings. The act of le'.rei.ing, applied to expence. To REIRIBU'TE, V. A- \rctrthutu Lat.j to payback ; to recompence RETRIIiU'lTOxV, S. [Fr.j the aft of repaying. A return hiitable to an r.c^ion. RElR'JBUrORY, RETRIBUTIVE, Adj. rep£)ing5 making repayment. R.ETRIE'VABLE, Adj. capable of being retrieved. To RETRFE'VE, V. A. {retreu-ver, Fr.] to recover, or reftore after lofs, impair, wafle, or conuption. To regain, or bring back. RE'TRIMENT, S. [Lat.j drops, or dregs. RETROACTION, S. [Lat.] the aft of driving back. RETROACTIVE, Adj. havingthe power to drive back. To RETROCE'DE, V. A. Iretroceder, Fr. rttroicJ.o, Lat.] to go backwards. RErR0CE'SS10:>I, S. the aft of going backwards. RETROCOPULA'TION, S. poll coi- tion. RETROGRADA'TION, S. [Fr.J the aft of going backward. RE' f ROGRADE, Adj. [Fr.J goingback- ward. Contrary or oppofite. Applied to the planets, when they move backwards or contrary to the order of ligns. To RE'TROGRADE. V. N, [reti'b and gradhr, Lat.] to go backwards. RETROGRE'SSION, S. \retyo and gref- fus, Lat.] the aft of going backwards. RE'TROSP£CT,S. [ntro and /^/w, Lat.] a look caft on things behind. The conCdera- tion of things paft. RETROSPE'CTION, S. the aft of con- fidering things palt. REV To RETUN'D, V. A. [rettt»(^<!, Lat] to tlunt ; to turn. RETU'RNER, S. one who pays or re- mits money. ] To RETU'RN, V. N. [retoumer, Er.] to come back to the fame place, or ftate. To go or come back. To make anfvver, retort, or reply in reproachful terms, to one that has made ufe of the fame. Aftively, to repay, requite, give or fend back. To give account of. To tranfmit money. RETU'RN, S. theaift of coming back to the fame place or date. Repayment of mo iicy expended. A remittance, or the aft of remitting money to a diftant place. Requi- tal. The aft of reftoring. REVE, S. See Reeve. To REVE'AL, V. N. [reveh, Lat. reve- ler, Fr.] to difclofe a fecret. To lay open. To difcover fomcthing hidden. REVEA'LER, S. one that (hews or makes known ; one that difcovers to view. REVEIL'LE, S. [Fr.j the beat of a drum in a morning, to fummcn the foldlers. To RE'VEL, V. N. [derived hy Skinner from rcveillcr, Fr. to awake ; but by P/Ir Lye from re-vcelen, Belg. to rove about] to fcad with loofe and clamorous mirth. RE'VEL, S. a public rejoicing time ; or a fead: carried on with clamorous and loofe jnirth. To RE'VEL, V. A. [re-vello, Lat.] to re- traft 5 to draw back. RE'VEL-ROUT, S. [fee Rzvzl] a mob, or unlawful afiembiy, or rabble. REVELA'TION, S. [Fr.] difcovery ; particularly applied to the difcovery of thoic truths from heaven which were not difcovcr- able by reafon. RE'VELLER,S. one who feafls with nolfy jollity. RE' VELRY, S. loofe, noify mirth. To RE'VENGE, V. A. [venger, Fr.] to return an injury. To punifh for injuries. RF.VE'NGE, S. the return of an injury. REVE'NGEFUL, Adj. addiftcd to return injuries. REVE'NGER, S. one who punifhes (Crimes ; one who wreaks his own or ano- ther's injuries. RE'VENUE, S. [fometlmes accented on the fecond fyllable, from rcvcnu, Fr J in- come ; or the annual profits of lands or funds. To REVE'RB, V. A. [re-vcrbcro, Lat.j to echo or fliow by the found. REVER'BERANT, Adj. [rewheran^, Lat.] refounding; beaten back. To REVE'RBER.'^TE, V. A. [re^erbe ratus, Lat. rcverberer, Fr.] to beat or echo back. In Chemiftry, to heat in a furnace where the flame is beat from the top back on the bottom. REVERBERA'TION, S. the aft of beat- ing or driving back, RE V REVE'RBERATORY, Adj. [rcvokra- tiirf, Fr.] beaten or driven back. In Che- miltry, vIcA fubflantively for a furnace clofc- ly fioppcd at the top, fa as to return tiie flame upon the matter placed near the bot- tom. To REVE'RE, V. A. [rehencr, Lat.j «- •vercr, Fr. i to regard with awe. To pay fub- milTIve refpcft. RE'VERENCE, S. awful regard. An aft of cbeifance. The title of the clergy. To RE'VERENCE, V. A. to look on as an obieft of refpeft and awful regard. RBi'VERENCER, S. one who regards witii reverence, RE'VERKND, Adj. [Fr. ye^jercndia, Lat.] venerable ; deferving awe and refpeft on ac- count of \ears and Itation. A title applied to liie clergy, among vihom an archbiOiop is filled n:oJi rcvc-end, a bilhcp right reverend, and a pvivate clergyman rc'uerend. RI'VEREN r, Adj. [ Fr. re-vercm, Lat.] humblejexpreffingawful regard orveneration. REVER E'N T\ A L, Adj . | rc-vcrcnficlle, Fr.] exprefling reverence j proceeding from awe and veneration. REVE'RrR, S. [from ret'ere^ one who venerates ; one who reveres. REVERIE', S. [ pronounced rft/rt-(f^ from reverie, Fr.J a date u herein ideas float in the mind without any lefleftion or regard of the ijiderrtanding. REVERSAL, S. [from rc-verk'\ the aft of changins or anulling a fcntence. To REVERSE, V. A. [rewrfus, Lat.] to turn upfide down. To overturn. To turn back. 1 o contradift or repeal. To put one thing in the place ot another. r'EVE'RSE, S changft. A contrary or oppofite. Tr.at fide of a coin on which the he.id is not impreded, 'Vom revers, Fr. REVERSIBLE, Adj. [Fr.] capable of being repealed. RhVt'RSION, S. the date of being to be enjoyed after the death of the prefent podef- for. Succtdion, or right of fuccedion. REVERSIONARY, Adj. confiding in reverfion ; to be enjoyed after the death of another. To REVE'RT, V. A. [nwrto, Lat.] to change or turn to the contrary. To rever- berate or beat back. Neuterly, to return or fall back, from rcvertir, Fr. To REVE'ST, V. A. {re-vejiir, rc-vMr, Fr. rci'cft-o, Lat.] To clothe again. To le- inveft ; to ved again in a podcdion or office. RP'.VF.'STIARY, S. [rc-vcJliMre, Fr.J a place vviiere drcdes are repofited. REVI'CnON, S. [re^ltlum, Lat.] re- turn to life. REVl'CrUAL, V. A. {re and i-kluall to dock with viftuals again. To REVIEW, V. A. to look back. To confidcr any thing pad, cr examine a fecond time- I RE- R E V SlEVIEW, S. Atrond examination. The a^Tt of furveying an army, when performing its exercile. To REVl'LE, V. A. to reproach or treat as an object ot contempt. KEVI'LE, S. reproach; contumely; ex- probation. REVI'LER, S. [from re-.'i.'c] one who rcTiles. REVrsAL, S. [from «-„•;/!] a fecond xiew or examination. To REVl'iE, V. A. [rcvlfi's, Lat.] to examine or look ovi;r a lecond time. REVrSE, S. a fecond penifai, or exami- nation. Among Printers, a fecond proof of a fheet after it is corre£led. REVl'SER, S. Irtinfeur, Fr.] an exa- miner ; a fupcrintendant. REVi'.-ION, S. [rc-vi/toK, Fr.] review. To REVl'SIT, V. A. [rc'z.yha, Lat.J to Vifit again. REVrVAL, S. the a<a of refloring from s. ftate of lanc,uor, oblivion, or obfcurity. To REV I'VE, V. N. {re-ui'vo, Lat. re- ■vivre, Fr.J to return to life. To recover irom a ftatc of obfcurity, oblivion, or Jan- j;ciar. Aftiveiy, to bring to li.f'e again. To riife from hnguor, infcnfibility, or obli ■vicn. To bring back to the memory. To REVI'VER.S. [fi-om re^-fve] that which invigorates or revives. REVIVIFICA'TION', S. the aft of call- ing to life. REVIVrSCEK'Cy, S. renewal of life. REU'NIOM, S. [Fr.J return to a Hate of ^unif^ure, concord, or cohefion. To REUNfTE, V. A. to join any thing frparated. To reconcile. Neuterly, lo join, cr cohere again. REVOCABLE, [re-vccahilh, Lat.] that »)ay be recalled or repealed. REVOCABLFNESS, S. {£:om rc'vocahk] tiie quality of being revocable. . ToREVOCA'TE, V. A. {re-voco, Lat.] to recjU ; to call back. REVOCATION, S. [revoratio, Lat.] z&. 91 recalling j Rate of being recalled j repeal ; jeverfal. To REVOKE, V. A. [r^-vojuer^ Fr. >-£- vo:o, Lat.] to repeal, or revciTe. To E.EVO'1-T, V. N. [ic-vohcr, Fr. rc- vdtjie, Ita!.] to fall from one to another, in- cluding the idea of fomething bad or rebel- lions. RETOLT, S. change of flics, including departure from duly. To REVOLVE, V. N. [re^jol-vo, Lat.] to roll in a circle; ts perform a couife in a cir- cle. In I.iv,', to fall into a regular courfc of dianging poiTtilors. A<ftlvely, to riil lhv thing round a circle. To coufidcr or medi- tate on, .-ipplitd to the mi;id. RKVOLU'TiON, S. ("Fr. rez-oii-n/s, I.at] tjjc foprfe of any tiling whicii moves in a tir- R H Y cle, and returns to the point from whenee i« fcts out. A fpace meafured by any body re- volving in an orbit. A change of govern- ment ; applied particularly to that by which king William and queen Mary acceded to the- croun of England. Rotation. RE'VULSION, S. fFr. rewilfw, Lat.] the act of drawing humours from a remote part cf the body. To REWA'RD, V. A. [derived by Skin- ner from re and aTjard'\ to give in return for fomething done well. REWA'RD, S. fome benefit conferred on a perfon f r doing well. Sometimes ufcd ironically for a punilhment inflicted for fomc ill. REWA'RDER, S. [from remard] one that rewards ; one that recompenfes. RHA'PSODY, S. [from paw7<w, Gr. and tuh)., Gr.] any compofition confiding of parts made without nece/Tary dependence or mutual connexion. RHE'TORIC, S. [rkctorique, Fr. p»1optK», Gr.] the art of fpeaking with elegance, fo as^ to roufc and perfuade. RHEIO'RICAL, Adj. figurative j be- loBeing to rhetoric. to RHETO'RICATF., V. A. [rhetorkcr, Lat.] to play the orator by making ufe of fi- gurdive expreffions, and addrefling the paf- hons. RHETOR rCI AN, S. {rhetondeity Fr.J one who teaches the fcicnce of rhetoric. RHEUM, S, [rheuiM, Fr. />eu,u«, Gr.] a thin watery matter oufing particularly through the glands near the mouth. RHEL MA'TIC, Adj. proceeding from rheuiT) ; belonging to the rheumatifm. RHEU'MATISM, S. [5EL./.ca'i;B-,uof, Gr.) in medicine, a pain fometimes moveable, and fometimes fixed on the mufculous part of the body, refcmbiing tlie gout. RHEU'MY, Adj. full of fnarp moiflure. RHINO'CEROS, S. [fiom p,v, Gr. and zE^jxf, Gr.] a Lcaft covered with thicli fcile.s, and having a horn growing out near its nofe. RH0M80IDES, S. a quadrangular fi- gure, having its cppofite fides and oppofiie angles equal. In Natural Hiftory, a kind of mufcle-filh ; a turbot-fifh. In Surgery, a pairof mufcles of the (houlder-blade, fo call- ed from their figure. RHO'MBUS, S. [rhomhe, Fr. rcmhtn, Lat, fdf-ito;, Gr.] in Geometry, a quadrangu- lar figure, having its four oppofitc angles equal. RHU'BARB, S. [rbahadcrc, Lat.] a me- dicinal purgative root. RHYME, S. [rime. Sax. puV'Ji ^i".] an harmonious fuccedion of founds. The confonance of verfc.s wherein the lad fylla- ble of one line has the fame found as that of another. Figuratively, poetry. , A poem. Riyme cr re^for is a proverbial exprcfljpn for nuaibcr or lenfe. R I D To RHYME, V, N. to have the fame found. To make verfes. RHY'MER, S. [fmm rhyme] one who makes rhymes ; a veififier. RHY'THM, s. [of fv9y.t(^ai, Gr.] h ufed to fignify a Certain number of pulfes in any given time. RHY'THMTCAL, Adj. [pS^ix:?, Gr.] harmonical ; having proportion of one found To another. RIB, S. [rwie, Sax. and Belg. rippe, Tcut, riff been, Dan. rchra, Sclav, rebro, Dn!m. and Pol. J an arched bone, fultaining the in- lide of the thorax. Any piece of timber or ether matter ufed to ftrengthen the fide of a Ihip, &c. Rl'BALD, S. [ribauhi, Fr. rihaMo, Ital.J 2 loofe, rough, or brntifh perfon. RI'BALDRY, S. [nhald, ribcudk, Fr.] ■ican, lewd and brutal language. R I G RT'DDLr, S. \r^dek, Sax from r^^| a queflion or prel)lem cxprefTed in ohfcure tei ms, in oraer to try a ptrfon's wit. Any thing puzzling or not cafily fcived. A coarl* or open fieve ; i\om iMiddle, Sax. To Rl'DDLE, V. A. to f -Ive or explain a riddle. To fift by a coarfe ficve. iNcuter- ly, to fpeak obfcurely. To RIDE, V. N. [pretxr. rid or rode, pari, rid or ridder^ redan. Sax. J to travel on hoiTc- back, or in a carriage drawn by horfes. Fiou- r.pively, to travel in, or be borne by any ve- hicle. To manage a horfc. To be fupport- ea in motion. A£iively, to manage a perfon infolently and at will. RIDER, S. {from jvW^j one who. is car- ried on a horfc, or in a vehicle. One wh^ manages or breaks horfc?. An inferted leaf. RIDGE, S. [h'igg, Sax. r}g, Dan. /v/.o-p-^, Belg. the back] the top of the back, f he RI'BAND, S. [rihandc, luban, Fr.] a rough or fharp top of any thing, alluding t., fillet, or narrow flip of filk, worn fororna-| the vertebrse of the back. Ground throwa went. RIBBED, Adj. having ribs. RFBBON, S. Sec Riband. To RI'BROAST, V. N. [rib and roaji.] To beat foundly. RIC, from the Sax. and Goth, rk, or rich, denotes powerful, rich, or valiant. RICE, S. [oiyza, Lat.J an efculent giain •ultivated in the Indies, of an oval figure, and covered with a hufk like barley. RICH, Adj. [r^cca. Sax. ricio, Ital. riche, Fr.] abounding in money, lands, or otlier poflefiions, applied to perfons. Splendid, va- luable, fumptuous ; applied to drefs. J^avin'^ any quality in great quantitirs, or to a great degree. Fertile, applied to foil. Rl'CHES, S. \rkht[Jh, Fr.] money or ponellions, A fplendid or fumptuous ap- pearance. Ri'CHLY, Adv. in a fplendid, wealthy, plenteous, or abundant manner. Truly j ufed in an irotiical fenfe. The top of a houTe riCn S. up by the plough to an acme angle To RIDGE, V. A. to form a ridge. RI'DGEL, RFDGELIN, S. [a^-is nji- cu'a, Lat.] a ram half caftrated. HI'DICULE, S. [Fr. ndk,du,n, Lat.] wit which provokes laughter l«y reprefenting any perfon or thing in a comic odd light. To Rl'DICULE, V. A. to' expofe to laughter by reprefentinr as odd or uncouth RIDICULOUS, Adj. [ndkule, Fr. ridl- cuius, Lac] worthy ot laughter. Excitinw contemptuous mirth. '* RFDING, S. a diriricfl:, vifited by an of- ficer. RIDOT'TO, S. an entertainment of fing- ing, mulick, &c. An opera. RIE, or RYE, S. \ryge, nge. Sax.] aa efculent grain which differs from wheat ia having a riatter, opake, and con-i'ev grain. RIFE, S. \yyfc. Sax. rilf, Belg.] prevaif- RI'CHNESS, S. the quality of aboundin in money, pofrelTions, finery, or fertility" |" To RFFLE, V. A. [lijler, rcflcr Ahiindance, or perfcdlion of any quality. \fcn, Belg.J to rob or plunder ing; abounding; generally applied to con ta. gious difbempers Fr, ry- RICK, S. a pile of corn or hay, regularly heaped up in the open iieldj and fnekejed from wet. A heap of corn or hay piled by the gatherer. Rl'CHETS, S. [,achirk, Lat. from pctpci;, Gr.] a diftemper in children, wherein their joints grow knotty, and their limbs uneven. _ lU'ClvETY, Adj. difoidcrcd w.th the Tickets. RI'CTURE, S. [riflvra, Lat.] a gapino. RID, pret. of RinE. To RID, V. A-. {hriddfin, Sax. r.v/, If].] to fct tree from dariger or trouble. To de- ilroy. RI'DDANCE, S. delivcrr.ncefrom danger, incumbrance, trouble, or any thing one i-: «!ad to be freed from. B.TDD2.N, paiticiple of Ribe. RI'FLER, S. robber, plunderer, pillager. • RIFT, ,S. [from rk-e] a clitt, or breacli. To RIFT, V. A. to cicave or fyVn. Neu- terly, to burft upon. To belch, from r^wr. Dan. RIG, S. the top of a hill f.illing on each fde, [from /LvvVp", Sax. and r/v>^.;'-, 1(1] a Ivrtck. To r:/i or pii:y ores rig, is to be merry upon, or ridicule. To RIG, V, A. [from^nVf, Sax. the back] to drefs; to fit wi;h tack! ng. RIGADOO'N, S, \>igadon, Fr.J a dance. RIGA'IIO.M, S. [rigatk, Lat.] the acft pf watering. RIGGER, S. [from /v^Jone that rigs or I dreffcs. I RIC GiNG. S. the f.)ils or tackling of a ' ' RIGGISH, R I L RIGGISH, Adj. [from n^, a whore] ■wanton, whoilfh. ToRI'CGLE, V. A. [properly tvnggk] to move backwards and forwards, ftirinking from pain. RIGHT, Adj. [yjgt. Sax. i-ccl-f, Eelg. rlico, Ital. refrus, Lat.J proper, fuitable or becoiTiing, oppofed to wrong. True, oppo- fed to erioneous. Faffing a right judgment. Honeft or jult. That lide of a perfon which is oppofed to the left. Strait, oppofed to a coked. RIGHT, Interj. well Jonej ufed as an exprefhon of approbation. RIGHT, Adv. in a proper, jud, or true manner. In a direft line. Generally ufed jn titles, as right lionoiirahle, rlgl-f reverend. RIGHT, S. juflice. Freedom from error. Juft claim, or that which belongs to a perfon. Property or intereft. A privilege. The fide oppofite to the left. 'Jo rights, implies ftraic, or in a dired line ; but after jc;, deliverance from error. To RIGHT, V. A. to do juflice to, or relieve from wrong. RI'GHTEOUS, S. [rightwife, Sax. rett- i>y%, in. whence right-wife in ancient authors, and from t4ienceby corruption rigbtccus'j jud ; honefl ; virtuous j leading a life conformable to the rules of morality or religion. Equi- table. RI'GHTEOUSLY, Adv. honeflly, vir- tuoufly. RI'GHTEOUSNESS, S. virtue ; good- *efs. Behaviour in general agreeable to the laws of morality and religion. RI'GHTFUL, Adj. having jufl right or claim. Honed or julh RI'GID, Adj. [rigiiie, Fr. rigidus, Lat.] flitf or not to be bent. Severe or intiexible, applied to conduft. Sharp or cruel. RIGI'DITY, S. the (late of being ftiff. Stiffnefs of appearance. RIGIDLY, Adv. in a filff, fevere, or in- flexible manner. RI'GIDNESS, S. feverity not to be foft- ened . Rl'GLET, S. [regulet, Fr.] a fiat, thin, fquare piece of wood, applied to thofe of which the frames of pi<flures are made, be- fore they are moulded. RI'GOL, S. a circle, ufed by Shakcfpear for a diadem. Rl'GOUR, S. [rig'.r. Lat.] cold ; flifF- nefs. In Medicine, a convulfive fhuddeting, ■with a fenfation of cold. Severity of con- duft, or want of condefcenfion and compli- ance. Striclnefs. Rage or cruelty. Hard- nefs. RTGOROUS, Adj. [from rigour] fevere ; allowing no abatement. RI'GOROUSLY, Adv. [from rigorous] feverely ; without tenderncfs or mitigation. RILL, S. (rh'uhis, Lat.] a fmall t)rook. To RILL, V, A. to lun ia faiall lircams. R I P RI'vf, S. [rintp, Sax.J a border or margin at ihe top of a vellel. That which incirclcs any thing. RIME, S. [rhifv, Sax.] hoar frofl. A hole or chink, from rinta, Lat. To RIME, V. N. [from the noun] to freeze with hoar froft, - RIMO'SE, Adj. [rimofus, Lat.] full if clefts or chinks. RIMO'SITY, S. [rimojltas, Lat] the qua- lity of being full of clefts or chinks. To RI'MPLE, V. A. to pucker ; to con- tract into corrugations. R.1ND, S. ri::de, Belg.] the bark, hulk, or outfidc-covering of vegetables. To RIND, V. N. t» drip oif its bark, hufk, or outlide covering. RING, [bring. Sax. ringh, Belg.] a cir- cle. A circle of gold or other metal worn as an ornament. A circle of metal to hold by. A circle made by flanding round. A circular courfe. A number of bells. A found. To RING, V. A. fpreter. and part. palT. rung, Sax.J to ftrike bells or other bodies {o as to make them found. To encircle. To fit or fupply with rings. Neuterly, to found, like a bell. To make bells found. To found or tinkle. To be filled with a bruit or report, followed by of. RING-BONE, S. a hard callous fubftance growing in the hollow circle of the little paf- tern of a horfe : it fometimes goes quite round like a ring. RI'NGDOVE, S. Irhingclduy-ve, Teut.j a kind of pigeon. Rl'NGER, S. he who rings. E-FNGLEADER, S. the head of a riotous crowd. Rl'NGLET, S. [a diminutive of ring] a fmall ring or circle. A curl. RFNGSTREAKED, Adj. marked with circular flreaks. Rl'NGWORM, S. a circular tetter; To RINSE, V. A. [ri^^fer, Fr. renfer, Dan. from rein. Sax.] to cleanfe by wafliing j to wafh the foap out of cloaths. RI'NSER, S, one who walhes or rinfes 5 a wafner. RFOT, S. [riotte, old Fr. riots, Ital.] wild and loofe mirth. An uproar or fedi- tious tumult. To run riot, is to a<ft without controul or rcflraint. To RFOT, V. N. to abandon one's felf to pleafurc. To feaft in a luxurious manner. To raife a fedition or uproar. Rl'OTER, S. one who is diffipated i* luxury ; one who excites an uproar. Rl'OTISE, S. diflolutenefs j luxury. RFOTOUSNESS, S. the ftate of being riotous. Rl'OTOUS, Adj. {riotcux, Fr.] luxuri- ous. \Vanton. Seditious or turbulent. , To RIP, V. A. [%/.w:, Sax.] to cut a- funder any thing fewed by a knife. To tear in pifCSS. To take away from by cutting. figura- R I V Figuratively, to difclofe or bring to view any thing indudrioufly concealed. RiPE, Adj. [Sax. riif), Belg.] I)rought to peitVcf^iou by time and growth. Refembling ripe fruit. Finiihcd. Brought to the point of talking cffcit. Qualified by gradual im- provement. To RIPE, V. N. to grow fit for nfe by time. To be matured, ACiivdj, to make ripe. Rl'PELY, Adv. maturelyj at the proper time. To RITEN, V. N. to become perfect or fit for ufe by growtli, time or gradual im- provement, Acftively, to make ripe. RI'PENESS, S. the (tate of being full gro'.vn ; fit for ufe, or perfeift. RI'Pi'ER, S. [from >ij}] one who rips ; one who tear:>, o;ie who lacerates. To RI'PPIiE, V. N. to fret on the fur- face, as water fwiftly running. Rl'P TOWELL, S. a gratuity given to tenants, after they had reaped their lord's corn. To RI'SE, V. N. [prefer, rofe, part. nfen. fiom rijj!!, Sa>;. j to get up frosn the ground. To get up from a feat, or after a fall. To fpring or grow up. To be advanced with refpeft to rank or fortune. To fwell. To amend. Tocome into notice. To begin to a&. To make an infurredfion. To be roufcd, or e.Hcited to action. To rife j:p for, is to undertake the defence of a perfon : to rife 7/p a?ainfl, is to attack. To elevate, applied to (H!e or fentiments. To be revived after death . RISE, S. the aft of getting up from any feat, or from the ground. Afcent. A place that adiits a perfon jn an afcent. An emi- nence. The firit appearance of the {an above the horifon. Increafe in any refpect. Be- ginning or original. Eaicreafe of found. RI'SER, S. one that rifes. RISIBI'LITY, S, [from r-ffibkl the qua- lity of laughing. RISIBLE, Adj. [Fr. rifihirn, Lat.] having the faculty of laughing. Ridiculous, or fit to excite laughter. RISK, S. irifgjie, Fr. riefgo, Span.] hazard, or chance of falling into danger, or leceivin^ harm. ^ To RISK., V. A. to expofe to danger. RI'SKER, S. one that rifl;s. RITE, S. [rit, Fr. ritu^, L.,t.] a folemn aft of religion ; an external ceremony. RI'TUAL, Adj. done according to fome religious inftltution } according to^ external ceremonies. RI'TUAL, S. a book containing the rites OT ceremonies of divine wor/hip. RITUALIST, S. a IHckler for ceremo- nies in religious worlhip. RI'VAGE, S. [Fr.] a bsnk; a coaft. RI'VAL, [riTjalis, Lat.] one who is in purfuit cf ths {unvi fehing a^ another. One ROB who drives at the fame time as another ta gain a woman's affeftions. One who endea- vours to furpjfs anotlier. RI'VAL, Adj. making the fime claim. Purfuing the fame objeft. Emulous. To RI'VAL, V. A. to oppole or endea- vour to gain fomething attempted by another- To endeavour to equal or sxccl. Neuterly, to be competitors, RIVA'LITY, RI'VALRY, S. the (late of two perfons who endeavour to furpali each orfier, or to attain the fan>e thing. RI'VALSHIP, S. the (late of a perfoa who endeavours to obtain tlie fame thing as another. To RIVE, V. A. [part, riwn, from ryfi. Sax.] to fplit or force afunder, by driv- ing in fomething blunt. Keutcily to he fplit. To RI'VEL, V. A. [r.'n#/, Belg.] to Gontraft in wrinkles. Rl'VEN, participle of Rive. RI'VER, S. [ri-uire, Fr. ri-vierra, Ital.] a current of water which rifcs from a fpring, and flows in a long and narrow channel. RI'VET, S. a pin ufed in faftening any thing confifting of two or more pieces, and clenched at both ends. To RI'VET, V. A. to fiiflen by a plii clenched at both ends. To faftcn ftron£;lv. _ Rl'VULET, S. [ri-vulus, Lat.] a ihiall river, or Ifream of running water. RIXDO'LLAR, S. a filver coin flruck ia feveral parts of Germany, valued at 4s. 6d. ilcrling. RO'ACH, S. [rutulus, Lat.] a frefh water fifh, noted for its fimpliciry. ROAD, S. ^radc, Fr. and Sclav, reed, Belg.] a large path travelled by carriages. A place where fliips may anchor. To ROAM, V. A. [rcmijare, Ital.] to wander at large, or without a fettled purpofe. Aftively, to range or wander over. ROATvIER, S. a rambler; a rover; a wanderer, ROAN, 'Adj. [r-ouen, Fr. 7-oano, Ital] of a grey, forrel, or i)lack colour, with gray or white fpots, thickly interfperfed. To ROAR, V. N. [raran, Sax.] to make a loud noife, applied to that made by a lion or other wild beaft. To make a great out- cry in diflrefs. To found or make a loud noife, applied to the wind. ROAR, S. the cry of a lion or other large bead. An outcry of diftrcfs. A clamour or noife of merriment. Any loud noife. ROA'RY, Adj. [better rcrj- ; rorcs, Lat.] dewy. To ROAST, V. A. \gcrcf}adh, Sa)f. rofljr, or rotir, Fr.] to drefs meat on a fpit which turns round before a fire. To drefs before a fire. To beat any thing violently. To ride the Toafl, is to govern, manage, or prcfidc over. ROB, S. [Arab ] jviice made thick. ROC To ROB, V. A. [rcher, old Fr, rohhare, Jtal.] to take away unlawfully, and by force. To be robbed, is to lofe any thing by vio- lence, or by fecret theft ; but in the aftive voice, to rob is applied only to the takinjr any thing away by open violence ; and to Jhal, to the taking any thing away by fecret theft. RO'BBER, S. one who deprives another unlawfully of his property. RO'BBERY, S. theft committed, eiilier by open force or privacy. ROBE, S. [rMe, Fr. robba,ltal.] a gown of Hate, worn by perfons of diftindioa. A gown worn by infants. A gown worn by girls, before they put on mantuas. To ROBE, V, A. to'cloathe in a robe. To drcfs in a proper manner. ROBK'RSMAN, ROBE'RTSMAN, S. in the old flatutes, a fort of bold and (lout robbers or night-thieves, faid to be fo calcd from Rol>inhood. ROBINRE'DBREAST, S. a bird fo nam- ed from the colour of its breast. ROCO'REOwS, Adj. [robur, Lat.j made of oak, RO'BUST, PvOBU'SnOUS, fid], [ro- ir'jti'S; l.at.] fiirong made. " Rohup'.ui to no purpofe." Milt. Violent. Requiring ttren^jth. Rohuflkuz is now olifolete. ■ ROBU'STNKSS, S. the quality of being m^de (Irono. ROCAMBO'LE, S. a kind of wild garlic. RO'CHE-ALOM, S. incbc, Fr. a rock,] the purert fort of alum. ROOJiliSl'ER, S. Antoninus's Duro- briu or Durobrevis, a very ancient city of Kent, on the E. fide of the Medway, and the fee of a biihop, the moft ancient in En<r- land, next to Canterbury. It is governed by a. mayor, recorder, twelve aldermen, 8zc. and feuds two members to parliament. It gave title of e .rl to feveral families, but iaft to the j taining fixteen feet and a half A bundle of Hydcs, dtfcendants of the earl of Clarendon, j birchen tv.igs, ufed in correcting children. .Here on the Medway is a fine (Tone bridge of i Correifiion. eleven arches. The cathedral of St. Andrew • RODE, pret. of Ride. is nately and ancient, Ixing of the original I RODOMONTA'DE, S. [Fr. from a boif- conflruifiion before the Conqueft. Heic are j terous hero in Ariofro, called A'o^o;««/f,] an two churches more, but united into one p.,- 1 empty noify blultcr ; or brag. rllh. The town condlls of one princip.tl To RODOMONTA'DE, V. N. to brng, R O G ' by the mayor J whofe jurifdiciion in this ts-^ fpefl having been contelled, it was confirmcdl by an a<fl of parliament in 1729, and i)y ano- ther (ince ; fo that the iilhery flourilhes now« It is contiguous to Chatham and Stroud ; and lies 22 miles from Canterbury, and thirty from London. Its weekly markets are on Wcdnefday and Friday, with annual faiss on May 30 and December 11, for horfes, bul- locks, and all forts of commodities. RO'CHE r, S. [Fr. rocus, low Lat.] a fur- plice. A filh. ROCK, S. [rocc. Sax. roche, Fr. roccas, Ital.] a vaft mafs of ftone. Figuratively, prote<ftion or defence. To ROCK, V. A. [rocquer, Fr.] to fiiaka or move backwards and forwards. To move in a cradle. Figuratively, to lull or quiet. Neuterly, to move to and fro in a cradle. To (hcikc viohntly. ROCK DOE, S. a fpecies of deer, which breeds chiefly on the Alps, is remarkable for its fwil'tncfs, and probably is of that fpecies mentioned in the book oi' Job. RO' KER, S one who rocks the cradle. R.OCKRURY, S. a name given by the lapidaries to tlie garnet, when of a very flroHg, though not deep red, with a fair call of the blue. _ RO'CKET, S. \rorhctto, Jtal.] an artifi- cial fire- work, canfiding of a cylindrical pa- per filled v.ith nitre, charcoal, fulphur, gun- powder, <2:c. which being faftcned to a (lick mounts in the air, and then buifts. In Bo- tany, a pbnt. RO'CKVrORi:, S. flones fi.^ed in mortir to refemblc a rocl-:. RC'CI'IY, Adj. full of rocks. Stoney. Hard, or obdurate. ROD, S. [rort/, Belg.] a long twig. Any thirig long and (lender. A fcepter. An in- flrument ufed in meafuring. A meafure con- fcroad (Ircet, but ill- built, with large fuburbs towards tlie S. E. and W. The Watling- lireet runsdirc^Iy ihtough it from Shooter's Jiill, iier Blackheath, to Dover. Thcchal-I ROE, S. [,-j, ra dcor, Sax. J a jpecics of deer. The female of a buclc. ROE, S tile eggs or fpawn of a fifli. rogation", S. [Fr.J a litany or fup- ky clifi' under ihe old cp.ftle b;iiig vv.ilheJ I plication. The Roga;ion-':uccky is that im away by th.e rapidity of the Kr^ani, huge tracts of tiie wall have tumbled down ; the ground on thit fide is low and marlhy, being overtiown every tide. in feveral of the creeks and br<iuches of the IVIedway, within the jurifdiOion of Rocheder, there is an oyflcr-(i!liLry, the opening and (hutting of •which grounds, wiili tlie quantity cacli dredgerman lliall tukc in a day, is rcgul.ited mcciiatelv preceding Whitfanday, and is fo called from three (Ms, held on Monday. Tuefday, and Wcdnefday, named Ro^athr- day., from the cxtraord. nary prayers and pro- celfions '.hen made for tlie fruits of the ejrth ; or as a preparation for celebrating Holy Thurfday. ROGUE, S. rskinner detives it front- rogue, Fr, impudent, or from ror.gi, Heb or fanotf ROM paxo;, Gr. bad] a wandering beggar. A vil- lain or thiet-". Ufed likewiie to carry the idea of lli^ht tenjerncfs and waggery. To ROGUK, V. N. [tiom the noun] to |)lay the vas^al.ond ; to wander. To pby knavifh tricks. RO'GURRY, S. knavini, or arch tricks. RO'GUISH, Adj. knavilh; Iligl.tly mif- chievous. M'aggilli, RO'GUISHLY, Adv. in a knavifii man- ner, wantonly ; like a rogue. RG'GUISHNESS, S. [from ,o^nij2>] the equalities of a rbgue. To ROIST, or ROI'STER, V. N. ['^'?o-, Ifl.j to behave in a turbtilent and blufiering mariner. R01'.vr£R, or ROrSTERER, S.a tur- bulent or hlafiering fellow. To ROLL, V. A. I ;-o.y/o7 , Fr. rol/en, Belg. from rotulus, of roto, Lat.] to move any thing by a fuccellive application of its difTerent parts on the ground. To move any thing round upon its axis. -To make a thing move jn a circle. To wrap round about. 1 o form into round mafics, by rubbing on a furiace. To pour in a dream or waves. Neutcrly, to move or be moved by a fuccellive application of its parts or) any furface. To run on wheels. To move in a tumultuous manner. ROLL, S. the acl of moving by a fuccef- five application of its parts on the ground. Any thing i oiling. A rcafs made round, [from rouleau, Fr.J A round, or cylindrical body, u(ed in breaking clods. A public writing, from rof-lu%, Lat. alluding to the ancient method of rolling writings oil a flick. A legitter, catalogue, orchronicli. A kind of fmall loaf, {o called from its figure. R.O'LLER, S. Iridcau, Fr.] any thing turning on its owii axis. A bandaye or filkt. RO'LLING-PIN. S. a round piece of wood tape; ing at each end, ufcd in making paOe. ROLLYPOOLY, S. a fort of game, in which, when a ball runs in a certain place, It wins. ROLLING-PRESS, S. a prefs to print on copper-plate. RO'.vLAGli, ^. \_r(,mage, Fr.] a tumult or hulllc. ROJ.L^'NCE, S. \r'oman, Fr. romanza, Itrd.] a ftory or narrative of nftitious adven- tures. In common fpeech, a lie. To ROMA'N'CE, V. N. to fpeak falfe- hoods. To lie. ROMA'NCER, S. [from i-cvw-nce] a liar ; a forger of tales. To RO'MANIZE, V. A. [from yowav, Fr.] to latinize ; to fill with modes of the Roman fpeech. ROMA'NTIC, Adj. refembling a ro- tiiance. Wild. Improbable. Fanciful. ROME, (in Latin iJowii] a very ancient and cwnf;dcr..bk city, once the midrefs and ROM conquetx^fs of the world, and the feat of tlie Roman empire. It has fince been the refi- d'nce of the pope, and head of the Romai.- catholic_ church, and is funated in the Can- pagna di Roma, a provirce of the Ecclefialti- cal State, and middle divilion of Italy. With it no city can compare for the magnificence of its buildings and antiquities, the number of its monuments and curiofities, together with the fingularity and importance of its hi.dorical events. Rome is the center and repofitory, as it were, of all that is exquifite in painting, fciilpture, and architedure. According to fome. it was founded 75^ years before the Chrirtidn ^^ra, and that by Romulus its firfi; king. The form and fite of this ciiy have been frequently changed, particularly after the dcvaltation of it by the ancient Gauls, Vandals, Heruli, Ead and Weft Goths ; and laflly, by the Germans, under Charles of Bouriion, in the year, 157.7, when it was taken and miferably facked; and the pope being clofcly befieged in the cattle of St. An- gelo, was obliged to fubmit to the conqueror. It frauds at prefent upon twelve (anciently but feven) hills ; a great part of which being wathed down or mouldered into the Vdlleys, the Tarpeian rock, once a frightful preci- pice, from wliich malefaftors ufed to be thrown, is now no more than 20 feet high. This city is furrouiided with a wall, on which are upwards of 3C0 antique towers, many of them decayed, and about ten Italian miles in circuit, having in it twenty gates ; but not the half of this fpace of ground is occUpiid I)y houfes, as many places wheie (lately ftruc- turesonce flood, ai e now tui-ned into gardens, fields, meadows, and vineyards. According to an account taken by pope Clement XL in 1714. the number of its inhabitants was found to amount to 143,000, The Tyber runs through the city from N, to S. forming an ilLnd. That part (landing on its righc tide is not above a fifth or fixth part of the other, and is called Tradevere, or beyond (he Tyber, h;;ving a communication with the oppofite fide, by means of five bridges, «ne of wh'ch is called II Ponte Rotto, or the broken bridge, being now quite decayed. The others, which aie (HU entire, are Pontc Sixto, De S. Bartholomen, De Quartro Capf, and S. Arigelo. In the magnificence and fpleridor of its religious (Iruiflures, the mo- dern Pvome is at leall equal to the ancient. The number of churches are reckoned about 300, tiie noblefl and mod magnificent of which is St. Peter'.s, for the harmony of its architedlure, finenefs, and great variety of caived and gilt work, pifturcs, datucs, Szc. tiiat cannot be viewed but with a pleafino' adonifliment. It dands on the fite of Cali- gula's Circus, and was fird dedicated by Cou- dantine the Great to the twelve Apoftles. But in I i;5c, it was entirely rebuilt j for pops F i i ]xi\m ROM R O O J'Jiiui II. began it on Bi:am,.iite Lszaii's 'gello or captiiin of the Sbirri, to keep al! 5:5' pljn ; his fiicceiFor, Paiil III. coniinucJ it on ! order and awe, Rome is divided into f'our- tlist of Miclir.el An^eio, and i: was finilhed j teen quarters. The citizens here are ir.orc under tlie p:;pacy of Juiins V. i'o that it was j coniplaifant than in any otlier place in Eu- tJie work of loo yesrs. The ornament ol | rope, and far from havin*^ thai fpjrit of bi- St. Peter's chair cofl: 107,551 Roman crowns, at 5,s. and 6d. V4!ue each. It is remarkable, tliit on occafion of the indulgencics granted &y the popes forr^ifing the acccfljryfumsfor this purpofi:, the Reformation in Europe was Lcnu.) by Lnther. Much after the pliMi of tjiis noble Jtrufiure Sir Chriitophcr Wren hui't the (iae cathedral qf St. I'aul in London. It is 722 feet long, and 8S broad; the brcadih of the front is 400 feet, and the whole height from the floor to the top of the crofs iJiat Itandsovcr ihclull, 432 feet. Be- fore this cinircii is a fpacitnis and maonificent piazza, in the middle of \%hich. is an oljcJifk of pran iteor black n;i^arb!e from Efypt, reared at an iinmenfc expcnce in the papacy of Six- ths V. by.Domenico Foultana. It is eighty f4;et high, and ftan;£ on a pedefla! of thirty more, and at top is a brafs gilt crofs. St, I'e- t'r% chiircli cod 40,000,000 crownsbuilding, biiides the iJAy repaiis and decor.itions made to it. The annual revenue belonging to it is upward'^ of zo,ooo 1 The Pantheon, com- monly called the Rotunda, though it hath loft much of its prilline magnificence, is Hill one of the moft entire antique ftruOures in Italy. >'e:;r Sr. I'eter's is the Vatican or winter-pa- lace of tiie pope, with a famous library of the choicelt books and MSS. and a "charming garden, called, by way of eminence, Belvi- dere, having die fined collection of exotics in :itl Europe. Among the innunierable ftatues in Rofi-ic, arc thofc of Pafquin and Marforio, t) which nil lampoons a;c ufuaily.afiixed,- the witty qucdions beivig pat on the latter, and the anfwers to them on th.e former. '1 he Lateran church is the pope's catliidr.d, and gotry and perfecution which prevails in other Roman-catholic countries, tkre is nlnty of all forts of provilions, and a great Variety of excellent wines ; but in Rome they are drank very modefattly, and generally n.ixed with water. It frauds near 17 milts from the. Tnfcan fea, and about 142 N. W. of Naples, 380 S. from Vienna, 560 S. E, from Paris, and 740 from Aijiderdam, 810 from London, 7'^o W. of Condantinople. and 900 E. of Madrid. Lat 41 deg. 47 min. N. long. 3 deg. 5 min. E. RO'MISH, Adj. [irom Rome] popilh. ROMP, S. [fee Ramp] a girl fond of fport and pl.iy. Rough or rude play. To ROMP, V. N, to play in a ncify, rude, or wanton manner. RO'NDEAU, S. [Fr,] an ancient kind of poetry ci^nfiding of thirteen verfes, divided' into ilnee couplets; attheendof th€ fecond and third, ti^c beginning of the firll is re- peated in an equivocal fcnfe. RONT.S. an animal dinted in tbeerowth. RO'.N'Di.ES, S, [from rw/w(/Ja round mafs.- RO'NiON, S. a fat bulky woman. ROOD, S. [from ro^i] a meafure contain- ing the fourth part of an acre. A pole or a meafure of fixteen feet and an half. The crofs, from ;Wr, Sax, See Holyrood. ROOF, S. [/ji-of. Sax.] the corner or top of a houfe. The vault or inHde arch which covers a buildinji. Figuratively, the palate or upper p..rt of the month. 'Fo ROOF, V. A. to encloCe or cover with a roof. To inciofe and entertain in a houfc. ROOK, S. {/jroc, Sax.] a black bird feedinn on carrion, and rcfcnibiing a crow. fliied the mother of all the churches in the -'^ me.in man at chefs, from roc:0, Ital. Fi- world. It dands on mount Cadius. Here gurativelv, a cheat or (harper. the pope takes polleflion of the panil dignity, and performs allepifcopal fuaiCiioiis. In its cloider is the porphyry-ctair ivr fcrutiny. Rome in general is magnificently built, and the ftrceis . fpacious and wtll.pa,ved ; but, among thefe, fome are mean and dirty. No part in the world is better provided with fine water tjian Rome; for, befijes good fpriugs, here are three grand aqueduifls which con- vey vi;a'er into tlie city. TJie government of Rome is divided into the fpiritual and temporal. In the former the pope in his coiic'ave regulates every thing of moment ; and with regard to inierior matters, he has his vicar, who is a cardinal ; and under him is a vicegerent, generally a biihop, as his allidant. The temporal rule of the city is com mil ted to a governor, wlio is fome cardinal tjr prelate, and he is obJi. el to give his holi- j^<-\'s an account every vieck of whatever paf- ROtVKERY, S. a nurfery for rooks. j To ROOK, V. N. to rob, to cheat. I ROOM, S. [n^ms, Goth, ruir, Sjv.J fpace or extent of place. Space or pUce unoccu- pied. Pallagc or fpaee for p^fSng. Space or opportunity free from obdrudlion. An apartment in an houfe. ROO'MAGE, S. fpace or p'acc. ROO'MINESS, S. thequality of contain- ing much extent or vacapt fpace. ROO'MY, Adj. wide; ipaeions. ROOST, S. [iroj}. Sax. ,-ocfm, Belg.] a pole on which a bird fits to deep. The aCi of deep ; applied primarily to fowls, and figura- tively to men. To ROO.ST, V.N. Iroa/kn, Belg.] to deep as a bird. To lodge, ROOT, S [in. r^i, Swcd. rcai, Belg.] In Botany, that part of a plant which reds in the ground, imbibes the juices of the its. tcfidcs ills pv.'ii ^jiiard, he has a bari- eartii, aiiJ tiunfniite them to the plant for t autriciOQ, R O S R O S nutrition. Figuratively, the bottom or lower [ a navigable river. Then it was, th.if t!ie en* part. A plant wliofe roots are eaten._ 1 lie i raged <jueen found means to difpatch out o ' original, firit caufe or anceflor. An imprcf- ^ her way a hated rival that had caufed hef fiOTij or hifting effe(ft and refidence. In Ma- thematics, a quantity confidered as the IdUh of a higher power. In Grammar, a primitive word, from whence others are derived or compounded. To ROOT, V. N. to fiM the root, or ftrike far into the earth. To turn up the earth. Aflively, to fix deep and fim in the earth. To imprefs or fix deeply. To pull up by the roots ; to turn up out of the ground ; ufed with uf.. To dtftroy entiie!y, or extir- pate ; ufed with c:a. ROO'TED, Adj. fixed firmly and deeply in the earth, or any other place. ROO'TY, fl.d], full of roots. „, , „„. ROPE, S. [ras, Sax. reep, Belg.] a cord vifits ; ku cither de-id or alive !!.e wash made of hemp. A row of things hanging Ijy tlie fame fubterrane uis paO'-pe, in down. " A rope o? onions." To R.OPE, V. N. to draw out into threads, or vifcous filaments. RO'PERY, S. [from rope] rogue's tricks. RO'PINESS, S. [from ropy\ vifcofity ; gliitinoufnefs RO'PY, Adj. [from rff^c] vifcous j ten.i- cious ; glutinous. RO'QUELAURE, S. [Fr.] a long cloak ufed by men. RORA'TION, S. [rem, Lat.] a falling of dew. RO'RID, S. [rcriJus, Lat.] dewy. RORI'FEROUS, Adj. [ros and fero, Lat.] producing dew. RORI'FLUENT, Adj. [ros and/«o, Lat.] Sowing with dew. RO'S^MOND, daughter of U^alter lord Clifford ; a young hiJy, according to the writers of the age fhe lived in, of infinite beauty, whom Henry IF. fell in love with and feduced. Among his many miftrefTeS) this lady having the chief afcendant over hir,i, became the principal objeift of the queen's jealoufy. Plenry fancied he had fecured her from all attempts, by keeping her in a bower built for that purpofe at Woodl'tock. But this bower could not fccure the fair Rofa- mond from the purfuits of the jealous queen, who even here found the means of tncom- padiiig her end. For Henry III. who by his father's indulgence had been crowned in his life-time, rebelled in Normandy ; and the queen perfuading two more of her fons to join their brother, Henry IL was obliged to crofs the feas to quell the rebellious princes, ^j »..- ""■.';> ....wu.i,, .>.,^ ......ji^u wn. During this time the queen refided at the daughter and heirefs of lord Sahibury ; the royal palace at Oxford, and undertook to fee other Geoffrey, archbllhop of York. Rofamond, which fhe eilecled, not by mur- RO'SARY, S. a bunch or (liiiig of beads dering the guards of the bower, and being on which the RomaniRs count their prayers, guided into it by a clue of thread, as has been I RO'SCID, Adj. [roclcJus, Lat.] dewy; trroneoufly believed ; but by a fubterraneous abounding with dew. way, digged from Godfluw nunnery to V/opd- ROSE, S. [Fr. rof/i, Lat.] a (\o\\cr whor- frock bower, though five miles diftant from petals are p!accd circularly, and expand in a each other j and'cirrietl even unJcr the Ills, beautiful order j of which th.5 fjecies are ' Fff a many. much unea^nefs ; but whether by giving her poifon, oui- hiQorians are eniirely hlcnt ; a fiory built probably upon no better foundation than an ola fong. The plot of Mr. Addifon's opera upon this fubjed, has bc-en taken for poetical ficlion : ^Ve fpiteof fame, her fate revers'd believe, O'erlook her crimes, and think (he ouglit to live. He does not kill Rofamond, but fi;ppofe9 her to be carried away to the nunnery alive : for which he had much better authority, th2n for her being poifoned and dying upon the fpot. Cci tain it is, however, fhe did not live long, at kail in this bower, after the queen's rouglit y the lame fubterrane uis paO'ipe, into the tiunucry; the entrance of which'is ftill to be fcen amongfl: its ruins. After all, unlefs the clironicle of John Brumpton, the monk, is of lefs authority than that of the old long, Pvofamond did rot die in iiy-jy^ nor was ILe poifoncdby qi;een Eleanor, 'Jhis writer fays, that after the king had in-,prlf^>ned his queen, he publickly and for a long while kei-t t'^ofd' mond. She was buried in tb.e church be- longing to Godflovv nunnery, a.Td the fame writer gives us the follow ing epitaph, whicli was to be fecn in his days ; and is indeed at this time written upon the wall of the chapel choir, which is yet Handing, and her grave marked round with a nnnovv ridi^e of (lones : Hie jacet in tumb.', Rofa Mur.dinonRo& Monda, Non redolet, {^d olet,. qua! redolcre folet. The reader (hall have old Speeu'srendering, for want of a better : This tomb doth here inclofe The world's moft beauteous rofe j Rofe pafiing fweet e'er wiiile, Now nought but odour viic. The monument has been repaired and beautified j nor is it many years fin ce there were fome remains of the Cower to be feen, near Blenheim cafUe. In one of the adja- cent meads they ftill fiiew us Rofamond's pond, where flie is fuppofcd to have bathed herfelf. But uniefs Ihc ufed it as a coM bath, the (lory is fcarcely cied:blc; the wa- ter being extremely fo, iil'uing directly from a roc';, and falling into a fquarcbafon thice or four feet deep. This lady had two fons by the king; William, wlio m.irrlcd the ROT R O U many. To fpcak under the rofe, is to difclofe a !of a t'ound form, both en the oulfidc and in fecret, or reveal any thing which will not be jthejnfidfi diicovcreJ nherwatds. ROSK, preter. of Risen. RO'SEaTE, Adj. [from rofi.] Rofy ; full if rofcs. Bloon>:n2, fragrant, purple, as a rofe. ROSEMARY, S. [rofmirimn, Lat.] a plant. ROSE-NOBLE, S. an En;;!i(h gold coin, in value anciently fixteen ftiillinj;s. RO'SEWATh-R, S. water d-.^illed from rofes. RO'SET, S. [from nfe] a red colour for painters. ' ROSICRU'CIANS, S. chynv.As who call themfclves brothers of the Ro y Crofs. RO'SIN, S, fee R£5i.v, which is the nioH proper fpcliirjg. 1 o RO'SIN, V. A. lo rub wiih vofin. RO'SINY, Adj. lefc-mbling rufin. RO'SSEL, S. light land. KOSTRATED, Adj. [rs^lratitSy Lat.] adorned witli beaks of Ihips. To ROVE, V. N. [roffvcr, Dan.] to ram- ble, wander, or walk about without any par- ticular determination. Aftively, to wander 0%'er. RO'VER, S. a wanderer. A fickle or in- conftant perfon. A robber or pirate. ROUGE, S. [Fr.] red paint. RUL'GH, Adj. [pronounced n/ff, Iruh, kruLge, Sax.] having inequalities on the fur- face, cppofed to fmooth. Auflere, applied to the tadc. Harlh, applied to fonnd. Severe, or void of civility, applied to Behaviour. Hard-featured. Not finiCied or polifr.ctl, Coarfc. Tempefluous, applitd to weatlicr. To RO'UGHCAST, V. A. to form in a careleisor inelegant manner, with inequalities on its furface. To form anything in its fiilt rudimen's. ■ ROU'G?ICAST, S. a rude model. A kind of plai(!er very uneven in its furface, becaufe mi-xed with pebbles, 8tc. RQU'GH-DRAUGHT, S. a draught of RO'STRUM, S. [Lat. J the be;ik of a bird 'a thing performed without caieor nicety, or fnip. A feuftoU or pulpit, whence orators j To ROU'GHDRAW, V. A. Irougo at?d antiently harangued. A pipe which conveys d at'.-^, to trace coarffy. liquor into the receiver in common alembics, j To HOU'GHEN, V. A. to make rough. A pair of crooked fcilfars uleJ in diluting j To ROL'GII-HEW, V. A. to form in a rude and carelefs manner. ROTJ'GHLY, Adv. widi uneven furface : haifhly ; n;dcly. RGU'GHNESS, S. Inequality or ruj P WOUll RO'SY, Adj". [i-oj'cus, Lar.] refembling a rofe in bloom, be..u:y, or fragrance. • To ROT, V. N. L/u/^«, SaX. «//.-;), Eclg. r.T.hc.;:, Hung. ] to putrefy, or lofe the cohc- j ncfs of lurface. Auflc-ity, cr alliingency of fion of its parts by fermentation. Actively to corrupt or make putrid. ROr, S. a diliemper among fneep, by which their lungs are waded. A putrid decay. ROTATIOM, S. ;Fr. ro'atk; Lat.J the a<fl of wbirling round. The (late of being whirled round. A turn or fuccelTion. ROTA'TOR, S. [Lat.] that which gives a ciicuiar nvtion. ROTE, S. [rotitke, Fr.] words uttered by mere memory without meaning. Memory of words without undcrltanding their mean- ing. To ROTE, V. A. to fix in the memory, without informing the underdanding. RO' TGUT, S. bad beer, ROTHEa-NAILS, S. [corrupted from ruddfr and ;;2:7s] nails with very full heads, it.'ed in fafier.ing t!ie irons of rudders. ROTTEN, Adj. corrupted or putrid, riauratively, wanting firmnefs, folidity, or honefly. RO'TTENNES, S. [from icttcii] ftate of being rctt:n; car-oufnefs ; putrefacftion. ROTU'N D, S. [iotor.de, Fr.rotundus, Lat.j round or circr-lar. ROTU'NDIFOLIOUS, Adj. [rotundus and/Ji/.«i, Lat.j having round leaves. RO TU'N'L irY, S. [rctundhc, Fv. rotun- tljjs, Lat.1 ihc quality of being round. ROTL'HCO, S, !t!(i:tJo, Ital.] a building ' ' 4 talle. Harftnefs of found. Seveii'y, or w.i.'^t of civility and elegance of behaviour or treat- ment. Violence of oppeiat^on, applied to m'e- dicine. An unpoliliied or urtfiiiifhed fiate.- Want of elegance in drefs or appearance. Tempenuou.'"ncf=, applied to weather. Coarfe- nefs of features. R OUGHT, old pret. of reach. Reached. To P.OUGHWORK, V. A. [ror.'^* and ':c;:rk] to work coarfcly over without the Icall nicety. ROU'NCEVAL. S. fee Pea. ROUND, Adj. [rcrd, Yr. rondo, It^l. lund^ Belg. cylindrical, circular, or fpherical. Smooth, applied to the found of periods. Not broken, applied to numbers. Quick, applied to motion ; plain, without referve j folUwcd by ".viih. ROUND, S. a circle. A rundle, or ftep of a ladder. The time in which a thing paflcs through the hands of a company, and comes back to the firfl. A revolution. A difeharge of mufqwctry. A walk performed by an officer in furveying any diftrifl j from icnd, Fr. ROUND, Adv. every way; on all fides. In a circle or icvolution, fromc/i road, or a la rond, Fr. in a circular manner. Not in a di- reft line, followed by about. ROUND, Prep, on every f:de of. Circit- Lrly about. All over. Tr ROY To ROUND, V. A. to furrounJ or encir- cle. To make circular. To raife fi<4ures to a relief. To move aiiout any thing. To make fmooth ; app>lied to periods. Neiiieriy, to grow to a circular form. ROU'NDABOUT, Adj. ample or exten- live. In,iirecl, or loofe. A bad word. ROU'NDEL, ROU'NDELAY, S. [rc»- (^fjet, Ft.] a kind of poetry conlifling of tliir- teen verfes, eipjit of which areof one kind of rhime, and five of another ; it is divided into three couplets, and has the beginning of the roundel repeated at the end of the fccoiid and third couplets. ROU'NDER,S circumference; inclofure. ROUNDHE'^D, S. apuiitan, fo named ft\;m the r cuflom of cropping tlitir hair round. ROU'NDHOUSE, S [round and f.wfc'] the con table's prifon, in whicli difordeily per- fojis, found in tlie flrect, are confined. ROU'NDISII, Adj. fomewhat roundj ap- proaching (o roundnefs. ROU'NDLY, Adv. [from round] in a round form. Openly ; plainly. Bfilkly. Completely ; in earned. ROU'NDNESS, S. [from rcurJ] circula- rity; fphericity. Smoothnefs. Honefty ; opennefs. TO ROUSE, V. A. [fee Raise or Rise] to wake from reft. To excite to action. To drive a bead from his laire. Neuterly, to a- wakc from ilumber. To be excited to tiiought or aflion. ROUSE, S. [ntjcb, Germ.] a dofe of liquor r..;'ier too Ijrge. ROU'^sER, S, one who roufes. ROUr, S. [rot, Belg rcttc, Teut.J a cla- morous or tumultuous crowd. Figuratively, a clamour or buflle. Confufion of an army de- feated ; from rcu'c, Fr. a road or way. To ROU r, V. N. to alTemble in tMmuI- tuous and clamorous crouds. Actively, to defeat, or difperfe by defeating. ROW, S. [n'ih, Teut. rhts, Brit, rah, rut, Perf.] a rank or file 5 a number of things ranged in a line. To ROW, V. N. \ro^van, rciv^tn. Sax. rio Gr.] to make a vcilel move on the water by oars. Aftively, to drive by oars. ROWEL, S. \rou{!le, fr.] the pointed part of a fpur which turns on an axis. A feton or roll of hair, filk, ^:c. put into a wound to promote a difcharge. To ROWEL, V. N, to pierce or wound with a fpur. RO'WEN, S. a field kept up till after Michaelmas, that the corn left on the ground mayfprout into green. RO'WER, S, one that moves a boat by ors. RO'YAL, Adj. [rola!, Fr.] kingly; be- ]o.nging to, or becoming, a king. Figura- tively, noble. ROY'ALliT, S [Fr.] an adherent to a red R U D ToRO'YALIZE, V. A. [from raj ■/] to mak£ loyal. RO'YALLY, Adv. [from royal] in a king- ly manner; regally; as becomes a king. ROY'ALTY, S. [>o;Wv; i^r. | the charac-. tctj office, flate, or enfigns of a king. ' To ROYNEjV. A. Irngr.cr, Fr.J to gnaw j to bite. ItO'YNISH, Adj. ^rcgneaux, Fr.] pahry, fcurvy, mean. Obfoiete. To RUD, V. A. [rhMo, Brit. rti!>, Perf] to clean orfmooth a^y thing by pailing fome- thing upon it. To touch, fo as to wear off fome of the furfajCe. To move one body upon anotlitr. F.guruiivcly, to hinder bycollilion. To remove by friciion. L'fcd with doiur., to clean or curry. L led with up, to excite or awaken. Neuterly, to fret or wear by friiftion. To poiifii. RUB, S. an hindrance or obftru(nion.The act of rubbing. Inequality of ground, which hinders a bowl in its courie. A difficulty, or caufe of uneafincfs. RU'BBAGE, or RU'BBISH, S. [from ruh. Rublagc is now obfolctej ruins or farg- ments made in building. A confufed mafs. Any thing vile or worthlefs. RU'BBER, S. one that pafles one thing hard over the fu.-face of another. Any thing ufed to rub with. Two games out of three. A whetflone. RU'BICAN, Adj. [Fr.] bay, forrel, or black, with a light grey or white on the flanks, applied to the colour of a horfe. RU'BBLE- STONE, S. a fione fo called from its being rubbed or woin by the water. RU'BICUND, AJj. [ruiucurJui, Lat.J in- clining to lednefs. RUBIED, Adj. [from ruby] of the colour of a ruby. RUBITIC, Adj. [ruber zn& fado, Lat.] making red. To RUBI'FY, V. A. to make red. RU BIOUS, Adj. [rubeus, Lat.J ruddy ; red. Not ufed. RU'BRICATED, Adj. [from rubrica, Lat.] fmeared with red. RU'BRIC, S. [ruhrique, Fr. rulrica, Lat.] dlre£lions in the common prayer and law- books, fo termed, becaufe originally printed and written with red ink. RU'BRIC, Adj. red. RU'BIFORM, S. [ruber zvi^ forma, Lat.] having tlie form of red. RUBI'GINOUS, Adj. [ruhiginofus, Lat.] rufly ; foul. RUBY, S. [ruber, Lat.] a precious flone of a red cuL'ur, next in h?rdnefs to the dia- mond. Rednsfs. Any thing red. A red pimple. RU'BY, Adj. of a red colour. RUCTA'TION, S. [>u^e, Lat.] a belch- ing arifing from wind and indigeflion. To RUD, V. A. [rudu, bax.J to make Ff f 3 HU'PDER R U F RU'DDER, S. (rood, Emg. roedfr, V,e\g. readier, Ifl. | an iiiftruroent st the liern of a velTel by which its courie is governed. Figu- ratively, any thing that giiidfs or governs. RU'DDiNESS, b. the4uali;y of approach- ing to rednefs. RU'DDLE, S. red earth. RU'DDOCK, S. [>:dhu.a, Lat.] a l.ind of bird. RL'DDY, S. [n.Jch; Sax.] pale red, ap- proaching to red. Orange C(.<loiired. RUDE, A.ij. [r^'Je, Sax. r^w, Lat.] rough or of uncivil, tuiniiltuous behaviour. Boiilc- rous. Kar!l. Untau;\lu. Unpoliihed. Kuo- gcd or fiiapelefs. Ai tkfs. Performed merely \\) h firength. RU'DELY, Adv. ia a coirfe, rough, or Ui.fkilful manner. RU'DKNESS, S.want of civility, elegance, or inihu€fion. Violence. Stoiminefs, or rigour. RU'DENTURE, S- fFr.] in architefture, the figure of a rope or Cc-xW, wiicrewith the fiutinj.'S of columns are ulua'Iy filled up. RU'DERARY, Adj. [rudira, Lat. J be- longing to rii!;i)ilh. RUDERA'TiOM, S. in architecture, the laying of a pavement with pebbles, or little: flones. RU'DiMENT, S. [Fr.rudhr.crtum, Lat. j the fi lit principles of a fcience, or educ.ition. The firit, inaccurate and unpoliihed draught or iicginioir.g of anything. RUDIME'NTAL, Adj. relating to %fl f riacipies ; initial. ' To RUE, V. A. (reotvjiin. Sax. rouivcn, Pelg. ;T:tY;;, Tcut.J to grieve, regret, or L- inciit. RUE, S. [Fr. r/'fW)',Biit. r.v.'.7, Lat.] zn lierb. RU'EI-UL, Adj. f.!d or mornfi',1, RUE'EULLY, Adv. mornfully ; Ibrrow fully. RuF.-TULNESS,S.forro\vfulncfs j mourn- ful;! cjs. RUE'LLE, S. [Fr.] a circle j .nn aHenibly at a priv.ite lioufe. RUfF, S. [fee Ruffle] a linen orna- mc;;t gathered and formerly worn round the neck. A fiTiall river fi'.Ji, lo called from the fyriliuh of irs f>;.:ks. •. RU'FFLIN, i,. \rvffia>^'i, \vA. rv§e>i, r.-. J a perfon who murders f ; r hire. A rvmdi'.er, roifoer, or boilterous and mif- cli't^'ous fellow. RL'fFIAN, Adj. brutal j fivagely boL^e- rc'.ii. . , ToxlU'EFL^X, V. N. to rage or raife tunn it<. •'To txu'FFLE, V. A. [rutjfJM, Eelg.]. to foatVit c into wr rikks, .or make rough. To d'iic^rin.oofe, ppplicd to the temper. To fur- prijc. To th.osv togrtiier in diforder. Tu fonti.icf ill piaiis Keuterly, to grow rougli or lii;!:t';iOiis. To flutter. RUM RU'FFLE, S. plaited or gathered linen worn as an ornament on the wridband. Plait- ed filk or other (luff worn as r.a ornament at the bottom of the Ikeveof a woman's gown. A difluibance or commotion, applied to the mind. RU'FTERHOOD, S. in falconry, a hood to be worn by a havik when Ihe is firlt drawn. RUG, S. \_rufjet, Swedlfli] a coarfe nappy woollen cloth. A coarfe nappv coverlet ufed for mean beds. A rough woolly dog. RU'GGED, S. [j-u^gct, Swed.] full of ur.evennefs or inequalities on the furface. Without order. Savage or brutal, applied to temper. Stormv or boiflerous, applied to weather. Rough or harlli, applied to found. Surly, applied to the afpecf. Rough or lliaggy. RU'GGEDNESS, S. the quality of being rough. ' RU'GIN, S. a nappy cloth. RU'GIN'E, S. [Fr. J a furgeon's rafp. RUGO'SE, Adj. [Lat.] full of wrinkles, RUI.V, S. \_rnine, Fr. ru'ina, Lat.] the fall or dcftrufltion of cities or houlcs. 'i he re- mains of a building that is demolifbed. Lofs of hnppinefs or ibrtune. Mifchicf or bane. To'RU'IN, V. A. {ruhier, Fr.J to demo- lifh or deftroy. To deprive of happinefs or fortune. To impoTerilh. Ncuterly, to fall down ; to run to a frate of decay and defhuc- tion. To be impoverifned. To RU'INAT.K, V. A. to defVroy, de- molifti. or involve in poverty and mifery. RUIN'A'TION, S. fitbvtrhon, or dertruc iion. " Ruiradon of towns." Cam6. RU'lXOUS, Adj. [ruincHX, Fr. ruirtofus. Lit.] fallen into irreparable decay ; pernicious or dertrijflive. RU'INOUSLY, Adv. in a rninous man- ner ; mifchievoiiflv ; deltrutflively. R.ULE, S [reak, Scot, from legula, Lat.] government or Aipreme command. An inftru- mcHt by w+iich lines arc drawn. A cannon or precept by which the ihonghts or actions are dire(fted. Propriety or regularity of beha- v'oiir. To RULE, V. A., to govern or contiviu! with power and -authority. To manage. To fettle by rale. Neuierly, to excrcifs power or autl ority in governing. RL'LER, S. a governor, or one who hss authority to command or forbid. An inftru-. mcnt wi'iii in drawing lines. RUM, S. a kind of fpirits diftillcd from fu?ar. ioRU'MnLE, V.N, [nmmdcr, Belg.] to makeahoarfe, low, ar,d continued nci(e. RU'MBLER, S. the peribn or thing that rumbles. RU'MIUAXT, .Adj. [Fr. rurr.bwjn, Lat.] ha ' ng the property of c'lewlng the cud. To RU'MiN .-iTE, V. NJ. [rumi/uius, Lat.] to chew the ci-d. To nuuc or think on for a time. RUN time. A(fli','c!y, to chew oyer again. To aieditate on, over and over again. RUMIN a'TION, S. [ruminaiio, Lat.] the property or aCt of chewing the cud. Figura- tively, meditation nn the fame thinsf. To RU'MMAGE, V. A, to, fearch or plundcn Neuierly, to fearth places. RU'iVIMER, S, [roemer, Relg.] a drinking glafs having a foot and an orbicular cavity. RU'MOUR, S. I'u^iur, Fr. ruimr, Lat.] a flying report. Not well eftablilhed. A bruit. To RUMOUR, V. A. to fpread a report. RU MOURER, a reporter j fpreader of news. RUMP, S. [nanpjf, Tent.] the end of the back bone. The buttocks. To RU'MPLE, V. A. [n,m/>elc?7, Belg.] to wrinkle or difordcr. RU'MPLI':, S. f/iryra/.f/Zf, Sax.] a pucker, or plait made Ly negligence and cureleOiiefs. To RUN, V. N. {jiiinan, Goth, runnuttg, Sax. renncn, Bc!g. ] to move the legs as fwift as po(rjl)le. Followed by ab(,ut, to ule the leys in moving; to move in a hurry. To pafs with a quicic motion. To take a courfe ; applied 10 fhips. To contend in a r.Tce, To run a'zv.iy, to make an efcape or leave unexpeiftediy. 'l"o Itrean) or flow ; applied to liquors. To Ije li- quid or melt. To pafs; to go away or vanifh. To move in any (jirertion. To be bufied up- on ; applied to the mind, and ufed with on, or i/fion, Ufed with over to be exuberant. To difcharge matter; applied to wounds. To have a general tendency. Ufe with after, to fearch, to go <"-ut of the way for. Followed by in li'hb, to dole or comply, or agree. To run tver, to be fo much as to fio>v o'vcr ; to be fo full as to beoveiflovvn. A<n:iveiy, to melt or cad; applied to metals. Applied to fortune; to hazard, rilk, or venture. To run doiun, to chafe till weary; figuratively, to cniHi or overbear. To run through, to flab or pierce with a weapon, fo that the point appear on the contrary fide ; to pafs through. RUN, S. the ad of running. Courfe, mo- tion, or direfton. Flow or cadence, applied to verfe. Uncontrolled courfe or humour. Long reception ; continued fuccefs. At the h»z >'""■> ligniSes the end, or at lad. RU'NAGATE, S. [corrupted from j-raf- fat, Fr.J an apoftate, or one who dcferts from his country or religion. RU'NAWAY, S. one who timoronfly flies from danger. RU'NDLE, S. a round or (lep of a lad- der. Something put round an axis. RU'NDLET, S. [perhaps from rur.ht, or rcundht^ a fmall barrel. RU'NNEL, S. [from run] a rivulet} a fmall brook. RUNNER, S. one that runs. A racer. A meiTenger. One employed by a banker or ewfniongcr to colleifl money or news abroad. A lliooting fpi ig. One of the ftoues of a mill. R U S RU'MNET, S. \gmmr.cn. Sax,] a liqnrr made by Ifceping the ilomach of a calf in hot water, and ufed in curdling milk. Some- times, but improperly, fpelt rennet, RU'NNION, S. a paltry fcuvvy wretch. RUPEE', S. an Indian coin, value 2.s. id. RU'PTION, S. [rupiio, Lat.j a breach. RU'PIURE, S. [Fr. from;-,7;,';'i, Lat.] the a€t of breaking; the ftate o'i a thing burfting. A breach of pence, or a<fl of ho(! - lity. A preleinatuj'al eruption of t!;e gur. To RUPTURE, V. A. [from the noun] to break i to buril ; to fufler difruption. RU'RAL, Ad}. fFr. ruralis, Lat. from rus,rurk\ countiy ; belonging to, eAilHn<^in, or retembiing the country- RURA'Lll Y, RU'R ALNESS, S. [f.otn rural] the quality of being rural. RU'RJCOLIST, S. [rurie-Ja, Lat.] an in- habitant of the coijntry. RU'RIGENOU.S, Adj. [rura and gigro, Lat.] born in the coivntry. RUSE, S. [Fr.] cunning} artifice} little Rratai'titi. P-USH, S. [;•//>, Sax.] a plant _§rowii]g ill marfhy grounds. Any thing proverbijlly worth !irfs. To RUSH, V. A. \hrtifan. Sax.] to move violently and unexpcftedjy. RUSH, S. a violent courfe or motion. RU'SHUGHT, S. a candle made of a ri;/h (tripped ot its bark for a wick, and dipped in tallow. RU'SHY, Adj. abounding wirh rnlhes ; made of rufhes. RUSK, S, [r]fc. Sax.] hard or rough bread made for (lore. RU'SMA, S. a brown and light iron fub- Itance to take off hair. RU'SSEP, Adj. irouffet, Fr. n^Ps, Lit.] of a redtiifli brown ; u)ed by Sir liaac New- ton for grey, Coarfe, ruflic, or homefpun, RU'SSET, S. coarfe, or country drcfs. RU'SSET, orRUSSETING, S. a name given to feveral fpecies of pears or apples, on account of their colour. RUSSIA, the empire of, is a large coun- try, partly in Afia, and partly in Europe, bounded on the N. bythcFroztn ?ea ; on the S. by Gre;: Tartary, the Cafpian Sea, and Perfia; on the E. by the fea of Japan, and on the W. by I'oland and Sweden, This em- pire taken altogether, tliat is, with the con- qucfis lately made in Ada, may be likened to a fqu.ire, whofe fides are 2000 miles cjili. The feas of Ruflia arc, the Caltick, theWhite Sea, the Frozen Ocean, the Dlack Sea near the frontiers of Tiirky, and the Cafpian Sea. There are alfo five large rivers, namely, the Nieper or J3orirthenes, which runs between Lithuania and Poland, the \Volga, which runs throu/;h the middle of the country, and. falls into the Cafp. ii Sea ; the Lon, which atier feveral turnings ruiH into Little Tar- tm, and fills into the fta of Afcph, the ' F ff 4 R U S RUT Dune, which running narth\%'ard falls into anj all lils rubjc<fis are reckoned flavesj h']^ the Wliite Sea, and the Oby, which running •■•''-'- -....- . .- N. falls into the Fmz-n Ocean. It may eafily be conceived, that a country of fuch valt ex- tent muft lie in different climates, and that the foil nnift be very different. The mofh fertile part is near the frontiers of Poland ; infomuch that the inhabitants are able to fupply their neighbours with corn ; the N. part is not only more cold, hut very niarfliy, aud over run with forerts, inhabited chiefly by wild- be.i lis. Eefides domeftic animals, th.ere are wild beeves, rein-djer, martens, white and black foxes, weafels, ermins, and fables, whofe (kins make the befl: furs in the world ; as alio hyaenas, called by the Ruffians Rofamacha, which fignifies gluttons, for they are voracious anim ils ; thofe that hunt theie creatures for their ikins, ufe no firs-arms, tor fear of fpoiling them. The fea?, the lakes, and the rivers, fupply the inhabitatits with tills i.> felt molt by tradefinen and praf^nf;. There are 32 great councils, called in their language Priccfdes, and each have their pro- per department. The ordinary revenue of this va(l empire is 20,000 coo of rubles, which is partly drawn from contributions, partly from duties on merch.',ndizes, and partly from farms. The orders of kniglnhood are, that of St. Andrew, St. Catharine, and St. Alexander Newfki, which are all of late inftirutiora. The punifhment of their crimi- nals is very barbarous, nor have Uicy always the privile;:e of a f;ir trial, for they extort confeflions by racks and tortures. The lowed punifhment is the knout, in purfuance of which the criminal is whipt with inltruments that tear his flelh, or beaten with cudgels till he is not able to (land. RUST, S. [Sax. laej!, Belg. roji, Dan, and Teut.] the red fcales of iron owing to large quantities of fi;h, of which they dry | moiflure. The calx or flower of any metal, put, and fdil to the Ruffian monks. 1 here] Lofs of power by inactivity. Matter bred by are a vail nimiber of (lurgeons, and in {>iTve corruption. places they have melons which weigh 30 pounds weight ; they had very few vines, before Peter the Gre4t caufed them to be planted in different plices. In Ruflia there arc alfo large quantities of otton and filk, vith which they make all forts of (lull's ; the other merchandizes are, (kins, furs, Rulfta- leather, talc, tallow, hemp, Rufila-cloth, honey, wax, and almod all the merchandizes of Chin-., India, Perfia, Turky, and fome European coum.ries. It is divided into Wef- tcrn Riiffia, Eaflern RulTia, iVIufcovite Lap- land, and IVaifcovite Tavtary ; which ate again fubdivided i.Ttofjveral provinces, which are taken notice of in their proper places. The inhabitants in general are robult, well fhapcd, and of pretty good comp'ey.ions : they ere great eaters, and are very fond of brandy; they ufe bathing, but fmokc no tobacco, left the fmake Iho'uld dlfhouour the images of the faints, which tliey have in great ve'nerjtion; however, they ta^ke a grCit deal of fnuH' made of the tobacco brought from the Ukraine. They v.ere formerly the mod ignorant, brutiih people in the world, andmany of them are now litt' - better. Formerly the RudiiU women were Ih.ut up, and their diefs was very lidicuieus : likewifc a man never faw his wife before the day of marriage : the women thouTlit they were never beloved, unlefs their iiufbands beat them very often j but now the To RUST, V. N. to have its furface cor- roded or tarnillied. To degenerate or grow inafiive by idlenefs. Actively, to make rully. RUSTIC, Adj. [rujikus, Lat.] rural ; country. Rudeor unpolite. Savage. Art- Lfs. Simple; plain or unadorned. RU'STIC, S. a clown, or unpolidied coun- tryman. In architeAure, a kind of building in imitation of nature, particularly, when the llones in the face of a building are hatched or picked with the point of a hammer. RU'STICAL, Adj. {nflque, Fr. mfiku:, Lat.] rough ; brutal ; favag- ; unpolite. ToRU'SnCATE, V. N. [ruftkcr, Lat."| to refide in the country. A<flive!y, to baniili into the couTtry. RUS r rciTY, S, [nifiklu, Fr. rujlkliat, Lat.] the qualities of one \^ ho lives in the country. Broadnefsof pronuncijtion ; rude- ncfs of manners. Rural appearance. RU'STINKSS, S. the quality or ftate of being rudv. ToRU'STLt. V.N. \knf.Ln, Sax.] to make a noife like that of filk, when brufhing agunrt any thing; like that of trees when blown by the wind, or that of a hedge when pieic.'d by a beafl. RUSTY, Adj. covered with ruft. Im- paired by imflivity. To RUT, V. N. [r;//V, Fr mtur, 1(1.] to cafe is greatly altered, for they drefs like the I jiave a dcfire of coming together, applied to Germ-.n womtn, and imitate their manner.', deer, Their religion 5s that of the Greeks, and ihey de^-^ended formerly on the Greek patri- arch, who refided at Condantinople. The church is governed by a patriarch, and under him there are four metropolians, and eight archbithops. Fvcry priell is called a Pope^ rnd of thefe there are 4000 in Mofcow only, 'd he czar is an ablblu'e and defpotic prince. RUT, S. [fee the verb] the copula- tion of d cr. A hole worn by a vvheel, from route, Fr. RUTLANDSHIRF, the leaft of all the counties in Englind. It is al.moft of a circu- lar form, and feems to have been a part of Northamptonfliire before the conqueil, and not named as a diftinfl county till long after SAB flie Norman invafion. It hasLoncoliiruiieaml Norihaniptonftiire on the E. and S. Leicertev- lliire on the S. and W. LeicerterQiireand Lin- colnfhireon tlis N. Jt is about forty miles in .circumference, containing only two nurkct- towns, Okeham and Uppingham, and forty- eight parifhes, hvx more paiks than any (liire in England for its magnitude. The air here is fWeet and falubrious, b'^ing quite clear from fogs and mi(h : there is in this whole county hut one (tream that deferves the name of a SAG ture. In tlie beginning of wori^s it has one invariable found, but in the middle is fome- timcs pronounced like a x, and i? likewife pronounced fo \viien it is ufed infrtad o^'cf.b, at the end of a verb. As no noun rmguiar ends wiiii a fmgle .t, whenever a word ends u'ith a fliort vowcl before s, the s is doubled, as in (7/5, formerly written ^JJe ; and even in thofe woids which are written with diph- thongs, and are naturally long, an 3 final is added for this reafon, as in ?;coi'e, Ici'Je. The form of this letter is tiie fan e in the liver, commonly called the Gualli or Wafli, which interfedts the llrire from E. to VV. quite I Goth. Sax. and Roman alpnaljets, and by thro' the middle of it, though feveral brooks I infpefling the Runic may c fiK be traced lun into it from molt: parts of the county, by I from the Greek 2< or the \^i inverted thus which means the inhabitapts arc fupplicd will wntcr as wholcfome ap the air, and uith plenty of fiefh fill) ; all the S and K. parts in parti- cular having good fupplies from tlie river "Wclldnd, which fcparatcs it from Northamp- tonlhire and Leicellerfhire. The foil is very fruitful in corn and palture, the latter feeding great numbers of cattle, cfpccially iheep, the wool from which is redder than in other countries, on account of the rednefs peculiar to the foil. '1 he valeof Catmos,where()keh-.'.m Hands, is not inferior to the vales of White- hovfe and Beivoirin point of fertility. It like- wife produces abundance of wood for firing. This county is included within the diocefe of Peterborough, and fubjeift to the arclidcaconry of Northampton. It gives title of duke to the Manners's family. Rutland ffnds^ two knights of the fliire to parliament ; and in it are feveral fine feats, particularly that of th g As an abbreviature, it is fomctimcs uled for fori-,!!!, a fellow, or focietas, a focietv, as F. R. S. a f..-llow of the royal focie y'; and ill medicinal prefcriptions for Jccun- rhm, as S. A.fecundum anum, i. e. according to art. SABA'OTH, S. [ffeb. an hoftor armies] a namegiven to God in the holy fcnpmes, im- plying hisomnipotcnce, or fole difpof:-! o' the events of war, and abfolute government of the angelic ordcis. SAkbA'TH, S. [from T-U'D, Heb. reft] thefcveiith day of the v eek A day appointed for religious duties, and a tot.d celiation from work, commemoration of God's rcOing on the feventh day; but it is kept by Chriftians on the firlf day of the week in conimemorj- tioa of Chrilt riling from the dead on that d.ry. SABBA'TICAL, Adj. ^ fabbavcus,l.-^t:] earl of Gain/borough at Exton, and the earl refembling the fabbath ; eiiioying or brin"- of Winchelfea's at Burley on the Hill, hot rear Okeham. The latter has noble (lablcs, and a walled park five or fix miles in circuit, ■^'ith woods, rich pafhire, game, &c. the houfe itfclf having been rebuilt, and elegantly furnilhed with curious paintings, a library, &c. RUTH, S. [from rue] mercy; pity; ten- dcrnefs ; forrow for the mifery o*- another. RU'THFUL, Adj. [/-«/A andy^/V, rueful ; V'ojful ; forrowful. RU'THFULLY. Adv. [from n:f/MuI\ woe- fully ; fadly. Sorrowfully RUTHLESS, Adj. cruel; pitilefs j bar- barous. RU'TTIER, S. [/«/;>«, Fr j a direftion of the road or courfe at fea. RU'TTJSH, Adj. wanton or lecherous. RYE, S. [y;ge. Sax. J a coarfe kind of bread corn. A difeafe in • hawks, ' RY'EGRAoS, S. a flrong and coarfs kind cf grafs. s. SA confonant, and the eighteenth letter of die alphabet. It occurs fo often in ^ our language, that foreigners have re- jtiarked it as a very great defed in its fl;ruc- ing int^rmillion of labour. SA'HBATISM, S. [t\om fabLatu>f!,.'L2it.] obfervance of the fabbath fuperfiitioufly rigid. SA'KLF., S. [zMcUa, Lat.] fur. It is the fltin of a bead of rhi.s name, and is much edeemed for its b'.acknefs. SA'BLE, -dj. [Fr.j black. Ufed mofily by b.eralds ^nd poets. Sa'BLiERE, S [Fr.] is a piece of timber as long, but not as thick, as a beam. SA'BRE, S. [Yr.jebel, TcMt.fale!, Dan.] a fcymetar, or fword with a convex edge, SA'BULOSITY, S. fdndinefs;. grittincfs. SABULOUS, Adj. [fabuluM, Lat.j Tandy or gritty. _S-iCCA'DE, S. [Fr.] a violent check given to a hfjrfe, by tightening the reins very fuddenly. SACCH.A'RTVE. Adj. [prcbarum, Lat.] poficliing the tafle or any other qualities of fug.r. SACERDO'TAL, Adj. [faccrdotalif, Lat.] belonging to prieilhood. SA'CHEiM, S. a name gh'en to a chief, or, prince, among the Weft-Indians. SA'CHEL, S. [a diminutive oi' juch, Brit.] a fmall leather bag, ufed by children to carry their books in. I SACK, SAC SACK, S. [face, Sax. fac!>, Bnt.fui,Tr. (aciti,, IvA.fakkoi, Gr, p^;,Heb.]alaigel)ag. The nicai'u;e of three Lullitis ; a loofe robe >Korn by a woman. A kind of facet wine^ fioun fee, Fr. T he act of (ioim'ng, pluni'ei - ing, or pilbge of a town. I'ill.ige or plunder, from f.ieai, Sp^n. To' SACK, V. A. to put up in bags. To plunder, pil!?gc, lay wafic, or deilroy. SA'CK'rU T, S. \fachal>ucie, Span.Ja mu- fical inllrument of the wind kind, rejcm- bling a ti umpet in its ufe, but differing from it in form or lize. It is compofed of hnu pieces, a;id has frequently a wreath in il.e middle, and is (o contrived as to be ftortcncd or length cD^.d at will, and without reckoning tjie circles or being dr;:«n cut, is ufuall) eight feet lorjg. SA'CKCLOTH, S. co.-.rfc cloth of which f icks are m:.de ; ufed formciiy to be worn in limes ot puijlic iUiiiiig and lamentation.' SA'CKER, S. one. rtiat takes or pillages a town. SA'i. KrOSSr.T, S. a poHet made of milk, fack, and Ibmc oilier ingrcJicnls. SA'CR.'iMENT, S. {jacramentjYt.Jacra vnKti^r.:, Lat.J an oath or any other ceremony producing a (irong and lading obligation An outivard and vifiblc fign of an inward and tpiritiial grace, given unto us, o:daiiied by Chrifi hinifilf, and rtccived as a pledge to allure us of the reception of fuch grace. The eucharifl; or holy communion. SACRAMENT.4L, Adj. [Fr.j belonging to the facri-nient. SA'CR£D, Adj. [{acre, Tt. facer, Lat.] fet apart for holy ufcs. CtMiIccratcd j holy. Jn- \iolable. SA'CREDNESS, S. holir.efs. SA'CRliDLY, A^iv. inviolably J religioufir SACRl'FIC, x'':dj. [faeraf.ciis, Lat.J tni- ployed in facrifice. tjACRIFICA'TOR, S. [facrlficateur, Er, from fsicr.ficir, Lat.J facrificcr j otTcrer of f.(Crifice. To SA'CRIFICE, V. A. \facr\jico, Lat.J to offer any thing to heaven. To deftroy cr give up for il.e f.ike of fomcthing elfe. To kill. To devote vi:h lol's. Neutcrly, to nsake offerings to Gcu. SA'CRIFICE, S. [ Yx.fac^-\Jic\um, Lat.j the! ifl of offciing to hc2vcn. Any thing ofKicdj to hccncn. Any thing dcUro\cd cr i^uiited for the r.kc of ibmcthing elfe. Any ihiug- ^ftro^ed. SA'CRIFICER, S..one that {Iicrifices. SACRIFI'CIAL, Adj. penormlng facri- fice ; belonging to facjifices. SACRILEGE, S. ( /jm/fj-;j/w, Lat.] the crime i)f taking any tiling dedicated to di- Tinc worfhip. The crime of profaning any thi.15 facred. SACRILE'GIOUS, Adj. [/afW/m.j, Lat.J polhited wiih t!ie crime of facrilege. .';AGRiLE'G]OL'iLY, Adv. profanely. SAG .SA'CRIST, or SA'CRISTAN, S. \ fa- crlf.ain, Fr. j one that has the charge or care of the utcn.^ls cr moveables of a church. SA'CRISTY, S. [faerifiic, Fr. J an apart- ment where the coniccrateJ veflels or move- ables of a cliurch aie kept. SAD, Adj. [hom fad, Riif.] full of for- row. Mebncholy. Grave. AfBi<flive. J^ark, applied to colour, from fchutu, 'i eut. a flia- dov/. Fleavy, or weighty. " More /j.*/ thaw " a lump of lead." lairy ^ecn. The LlJ: fenfc is obfolctc. To SADDEN, V A. tomakeforrowful, melancholy, or gk-omy. To darken. To make cohcfive. S.V'UDLE, S. [fedl, Sa^.faJe], Belg. Dan. and Boh. J the feat uhich is put on a horfc's back for a perfon to fit on. To SA'DDi-E. V. A. to cover whh, or put on a faddle. Figuratively, to bad or burthen. SA'DDLr-BACK, Adj. hunch-backed; applied to men. Having the back low and the head a'.id neck r.iifed ; applied to a horfc. SA'DDLER, S. one that makes faddles. SA'DLY, Adv. miferably; mournfully. SA'DNESS, S. the (Lie of a pcffon ni af- fliiflion. Mclsncholy looks. Seriouliiefs, or the appearance of gruvity. SrtFE, Adj. [/;•.'/, I'r. fal-vuif hkt.] free from danger or huii. Secme. S.4FE, S. a place to put victuals in free from any danger of mice, Is'e. SATE-COinDUCT, S. a guard through an entmv's country. A pafs. SA'FEGUARD, S. defence cr fecurity from d.;ngcr. A cjnvoy. A pafs or warrant to pafs. SA'FELY, Adv. with f.fety. SA'FE.NESS, S. the qi^ality of being free from danger. SA FE FY, S. frredom from danger or hurt. Cuflody, or the Itate of being fecared from efcapin^. SA'FFRO.NT, S. If.frai:, Fr. zaffrana, Ital.J a fiower or plant which is ufcd in tinc- turing an\ I king yellow, ciff. S.VFFRO.V, Adj. yellow, or of the colour of faffron. To SAG, V. N. to hang heavy. Aftive'y, to load. SAGA'CIOUS, .Acj. \fagax, Lat.J quick of fcent, or thought. SAGA'CIOUi.LY, Adj. with quick fcent. With acutencfs of penetration. SAG.VCIOU S:\ESS, S. the qu^ity of be- ing fagncious. SAG'A iVIOR E, S. a king or fupreme ruler anion<j the Indians. S AG. -^ 'CITY, S. [fagdeite, Vr. fagachasy Lat.J qiiicknefs of fcent. Acutenefs of dtf- covery. The faculty by which we find our intcrnie.'iate ideas to difcover the connexion between e-ch link of the chpin, whereby the extremes are held together. I SAGE, SAL SAGE, S. \fauge, Fr.] a plant. SAGE, Adj. [Yr.fagglo, Ital.] wife, grave )»r prucient. SAGE, S. a perfon of gravity and wifdom. SA'GELY, Adv. gravely ; prudently. SA'GENESS, S. wifdom; gravity, SAGITTAL, Adj. [faghta, Lat.] be- longing to an arrow. In anatomy, applied to a future of tJie head, reftmbiing an arrow. SAGl'TTARY, S. [Jaglrtanm, Lat.] a centaur. The name of one of the figns of the Zodiick. SA'GO, S. a kind of eatable grain. SA'IC, S. [ faica, IfA. faijue, Fr.] a Tur- kifh veflel ufed in carrying merchandize. SAID, pret. and part. pad", of Say. SAIL, S. [fa'/g,S:iX.fcyM,fey!,Ec\g.'] a piece of canvas which catches the wind, and by that means moves a vcfJcl on the water. In poetry, a wing. A fhip or vedel. Tojlrixe Jliil, is to lower the fail. To SAIL, V. N. to move by means of fails. To pafs by water. To fwim. To paA along fmoothly. A<ftivcly, to pafs by means of fails. To pafs through. SA'ILER, or SA'lLpR, S. [filler, is moft agreeable to analogy, hut Jailor is inoft com- monly ufed] a feaman. SAI'L-YARD, S. the pole on which the fail is extended SAL SALE, S. [fial, Belg.] the aft of felling. Mar.ket, or vent. Price. A public and pro- claimed expofition of goods by auction ot at a market. SA'LEABI-F, Adj. podlble to be foU. SA'LEABLENESS, S. fitnefsfor fale. ' SA'LEBRITY, S. [fikbritas, Lat.j un- evennefs ; roug'mefs. SA'LEBROUS, Adj. ru2?ed; uneven. SA'LESMAN, S. oneTvho fells clo.ths ready made. One who fells cattle for others. SA'LEWORK, S. work.done in a carekfs manner, and fit only to be expofcd in ftops. SA'LIANT, Adj. [Fr.] in heraldry, in a leaping podure. In fortification, projc^tinir beyond the other works. SA'LIANT, Adj. [/a/;Vnj, Lat.] leaping ; beating ; fpringing with a fwift motion. SALI'NE, or SaLI'NOUS, Adj. [ filluu:, Lat.] faltilh ; confining of fait. SALI'QpE Law, a law made in France, according to fome, by king Pharamond ; or, according to others, by Philip the Long, which rendered women incapable of fuccecd-' ing to the throne. SALI'SBURY, S. or New Sarum, in contradiflirftiori to Old Sarum, the capi- tal of Wiltlhixe, and the fee of a bldiop : it is a large, well-built and pleafant city, at or^near which four rivers unite their ftrcams ; SA'iN'FOIM, S. grafs, diflinguifliedbythe and three of them, namely, the Nadder, namcsof holygrafs, mcddick, fother, trefoil, &c. much elieemed for improving land. SAINT, -S. [Fr./ii;;a.'i, Lat.j a perfon eminent for piety and virtue. ToS.AINT, V. A. to number or reckon among the faints. To canonize. Neuterly, •to aft with a fhew of piety. Willy, and Avon, run thro' the ftreets by canals. It owes its rife to the church, the foundation of which was laid anno tiicj, un- der bilhop I'oor, by Randulph, the pope's le- gate, and finifhed in 1258. According to an account delivered in to king Henry III. who, with his nobility, &c. was prefent at its con- S.\l'ivi'T£D, Adj. holy J reckoned among | ftcration, September 30, it cofl 40,000 mark?, the i lints. near 27,000!. fteilin^ of the prefent monei. SA'INTLY, Adv. likea faint ; becoming a faint. SAI'NTSHIP, S.'the charafter onqnali- ties of a faint. This, of a Gothic frruclure, is the moft ele- gant and regTilar in the whole kingdom,. It is built in the form of a lantern, with the fpire in the middle, and nothing but buttrcfles SAKE, S. Ific, Sa^i. facie, Belg.] final and glafs on the ouifide, with not a bit of caufe, end, purpofe. Regard to any pur- pofe or thii'g. • SA'KER, S. a fmall fort of cannon, SALA'CIOUS; Adj. Ifibce, Fr. falach, Lat.] luftful. SALA'CIOUSLY, Adj. kcherouHy; luft- fully. SALA'CITY, S. [fi/adtas, Lat.j laft; lechery. SA'LAD, S. f/dWf, Yr.falaet, Tcut.] herbs which are eaten raw. SALAMA'NDER, S. [fihmandrc, Fr.fi- lanmndia, Lat.] an animal fjppofed to live in the fire, and imagined to be very poifonous. ^mbrcj'e Parey has a picture of the falaman- der, w ith a receipt for her bite ; but there is no fuch creature, the name being nowgiven to a poor harmlefs infc(ft. SA'L.IRY, S. [filaire, Fr.] Rated hire. An.iuai or periodical payment, j wall. The crofs aile is very beautiful and lightfome. The doors and chapels are faid to equal the months of the year ; the win- dows, the days ; and the pillars and pilaflers, the hours. The latter are of fufile marble. The outiide is truly magnificent ; but the in- ■ fide is not anfwerable, the painting being hut indifTerent ; though the carving, what little there is of it, is good. The length of the whole fabric from E to W. including the liuttreflcs, &c. is47S feet, height of the vault- ing So feet, breadth of the W. front 8S9, the fpire, v.'hich is of free Itone, 410, being twice as high from the ground as the monument of London. The cloy ffer is of curious workman- Ihip ; fome of the w iiidows are of fine painted i^lafs ; and e'ght bells hang in a high-built lieeplc on the N. fide of the church-yard. The charptcr-houfe, which is an oiflagon, is 50 feet itt diameter, and 1 50 in circuit, the roof SAL SAL to jf bearing ill upon one fmall pillar In tlie j the momh ani tongue ar; moiftcricd. Spittle. A;ntcr. Tht poU of chancellor ct' the moft Any thing fpit. ijoble order of the gaiter, which is annexed t0 tl^e Urhiip of this fee, was tirli conferred ow Dr Richard Bcauchatnp, till cardinal Campegio. by oppofing Kirg Heni7 Vlll's divorce, loit it ;nJ his biihopric : lb that the clirticcUorlHp contir-iiing rja y.-jrs after- wards in by hands, it w.s reflorcd lo Dr. Seth Ward, in tlie reign of king Charles II. and to his lucccflurs. Biihop JcacI built a library ibr thii cathidral, and Dr. Gheaft fumifhed it with books. John <- old-.TcU, i\l. O. dean of Rocheder, was the firft married bilhop of this fee The above nientinned Dr. Ward ct)ntrihuted very largely towuds making the Avon navigal)le from Saliflniry to Chrill- church in Hampfhire j and a qnay was built ALl'VAL, or SA'LIVARY, Adj. re- lating to, or con filling of, fpittle. To SALIVATE, V, A. to evacuate the fpittle. To bring on a fpitting by art. SALIVA'TION, S. a fecrcaon of fpittle. Theftatc cf a perfon who is under cure for any veneral complaint, by fccreting fpittle. SALl'VOUS, Adj. [/a/k-j, Lat.] having the nature of fpittle. SA'LLET, or SA'LLETTING, S. cor- rupted irom fallad. SA'LLOW, S. [falix, Lat.] a tree of the willow kind. SA'LLOW, Adj. [falo, Teut. black,/^/.-, Fr.J fickly. Of a gretnilh yellow. SA'LLOWNE^S, S. yt'Uownefs ; fickly at I-Lrnham b:td;-e, to which barges ccnae up j palenef-. with eafe ■ be alio built an hofpital for poor | _ SA'LLY, S. \_faine, Fr.] an unexpedlej widows of clergymen, among which lived j iffue or irruption from a place beCeged. A Ltely Cr. Sachevercl's mother. Bcfides the , range or excurfion. A flight, applied to wit. cathedral, here are three ether churches, An efcape, frolic, or extravagant flight tith ger.teel houfcj, andboarding-fchoo's for Toung genilemen and ladies, more of the lat- ter beiag educated in this city than m any other in England. The market-place, in which ftands a fine town Iioufe, is a fpacious f^uare, and welt fupplitd with all necclLries. Eefkles the manufaiflr.rc of fianr.els, diuggets. To SA'LLY, V. N. to burft out fuddenly from a place befieged. SA'LLY-PORT, S. a gate from which {allies are made. SALMAGU'KDT, S. fcoirapted Uom felon moil gout, Fr. according to my tafte j or e'cji a tr.GT. gout\ a mixture of chopped meat. and the cloths called S-:lifbury uhitcs, for the ' pickled herring, GrV. Turky trade, lieie' is a confk-lerablc manufac- ' SA'LiVION, S. [/alms, l.zt.faiimoa, Fr. j ture of bone lace ; fo that it is lfx>ked upon i a large river fiili. to be as ftouriflvaig a city as any in the king- ] SA'LMON-TROUT, S, a trout fome- flom, that depends entirely en a home trade what refembling a fnlmon. Ir is governed by a roayov, &c. and it fends SALSAMENTA'RIOUS, Aij. [folfamtsr t.vo members to pirUament. The number fjr/aj, Lat.] belonging to fait things. of its inhabitants is reckoned at io,coo. The S.'VLSOA'CID, Adj. [/"//i<i and aciJus, clef , adjacent to ihs cathcdr.;!, in vvl.ich live | Lat.] having a tafte compounded of faltnefs the canons, 5;c. is krge, and, well-built ' and fouraefi. Among the monuments iii the cathedral,-is a] SALSU'GIICOUS, Adj. [faljugi>^ IaI.'I fipure of one Hennet, who endeavouring to j fakilh i f imewbat fait. faft forty d ys and forty nights, being reduced SALT, S. [Goth, feak. Sax. fel, Fr.} a to a {kelcton, at hfl fell a vidfim to his pre- body of a pungent tafie, di^Tolvablt in water, fumptnou> folly: as stfo of loid Stourton, ' and incombufiible ; which gives confiftence who, for kliiiiig a gentlrmau and his (on at , to all bodies, preferves ibem from corruption, lis own tabU, in the reign of I'liilip and ; and occ:'.fioriS all the Viiieties of tade, A M-iry, diid at the gallows like a common tafre or fmack. Figuratively, wit. m >Icfa(flor ; and the filkcn halter in which SALT, Adj. having the tsde of fait. Im- ?ie was hanged, was placed over his grave, i pregnated or feafpned with fait. Lecherous, iiiftead r.f which here is a wire, fHll to he, hi.->:n falax. fcen. Thi.^ city has given the title of earl to I f o' SALT, V. A. to nib with fait. To itveral families, but L.ttly to a branch of the I feaf >n with fait. Cecils. Here are three charity-fdiools ; itsj SA'LT-PAN, or SA'LT-PIT, S. a pit weeklv K-rarkets are on Tuefday and Satur- , ftom whence fait is dwg. ii\' ; its annual fairs are Tuefda'y after Janu- SA'LTANT, Adj. [fahans^ Lat.] jump- ary 6, for cattle and woollen cloth, Monday |ingj dancing. hefore J.I;.rch 21;, for broad and nariovv I SALTA'TION, S. [/-j/r^JM, Lat.] the aft woollen cloth, W'hitfun-Monday and Tnef-l of dancing or jumping. Beat; palpitation. day for pedlary and horfes, and I uefday after S.A'LTCAT, S. a lu.mp of fait, made in Ottober jr, tor hops, onions, and cheefe. I the falterns, and given to pigeons. It rtands about 15 miles from Andover, 35 SA'LTEJR, S. one who fells or makes S. E. cf Biitloi, and S3 W. of London. ' fait. SALl'VA. S. I Lat. 1 the fluid by which I S.4.'LTER.N, S. a rl.ce whcrefak ismade. ■ SAL- SAM SAN ' SALTl'ER, S. [pronounced A'AffT, from faiikkre, Fr.] in heraldry, any thing borce in the form of a crois. SAL'n'NBANCO, S. a quack or moun- tebank. SA'LTNESS, S. having the tarte.^f fait. SA'LT-PKTRE, S. \_i\:omjal feuce, Lat.] nitre. SALVABI'LITY, S. polTibiiity of being faveJ. SA'LVABLE, Adj. ffaho, Lat.] poffiblc to be received to everkifting life. SA'LVAGE, S. [Womfaho, Lat.] money paid by the owners for retaking a veflel from an enemy, SALVA'TION, S. f/^-fca/^/s, Lat.] pre- fervation from eternal mifery. A fiate of bappinefs. SA'LVATORY. S. [fahatoire, Fr.] a place where any tiling Is preferved. SALU'BRIOU.S, Adj. [falubrh, Lat.] wholefonie; piomoting or confirming health. SALU'BRITY, S. the quality of promot- ing health. SALVE, S. \f<2l-jin,LM.fealf,?,di%.] plaifler, or any glutinous matter applied to wounds. I-'iguratively, help or remedy. To SLAVE, V. A. to cure with medicines. To fielp. To remedy. To help fomething by an excufe or refcrvation. SA'LVER, S. a vefiel on which glafles or other things are prefcnted to guefh. SA'LVO, S. {\'yot\\ faho jure, Lat. a form nfed in granting any thing] an exception, cjc- cufe or apology. SA'LUTARINESS, S. [from falutary] wholcfomenefs, or the. quality of promoting health. SA'LUTARY, Adj. [fa/utaire, Yv. faht- tarh, Lat. ] wholefome trihutint; to health, SALUTA'TION, S, [Yr.falutatlo, Lat,]! the aifl or fiile of greeting. i To SALU'TE, V. A. to pay a perfon a | tompliment or \vi!h them well at meeting. | To p'eafe or gratify. To kifs. SALU'TE, S. falutation ; greeting. A kifs. SALU'TER, S. he who falutcs. " SALUTI'FEROUS, Adj. [fa/ntifer, Lat.] healthful, SAME, Adj. [fdwo, Goth. fam. Sax.J not another. Identical. Of the like fort, kind ©t degree- Mentioned before. SA'iMENESS, S. identity. The flate of being not another, or not ditTerent. SA'MLET, S. a diminutive of fjhnon, [whence J'almonet, or falmtnln, and finiLtj a iVnsll falmon. SA'MPHIRF, S. [fawtPkrre,Yr.]i fhnt growing on rocks and ufually pickled. SA'MPLE, S. [from example] a fpecimen ; a part Ihewed, that judgment may be made of the whole. SA'MFLER, S. [exrmplar, Lst.] a pattern «f work, A piece of woikwrought by gitis lo feach' theft! m.uklng, £,V, SA'NABLE. Adj. curable. SANA'TION, S. the aft of cuvin'», Sa'NATJVE. Adj. [from fano, Lat } having the power to heal or cure. SANCTlFlCA'TiON, S. [Fr. from/^w- fijic-o, Lat.] the ftate of being treed, or the aft' of freeing, from the punilhmcnt of Cm. 'I hs ■d€i of ma.king holy. SA'NCTJFiER, S, one that fancTifxs or confecrates. To SA'NCTIFY, W. A. to free from the pollution and power of fin. To free from guilt. To make holy, 'lofcrcen fiom violence. SANCTIMO'NIOUS, Adj. \ fai:ak:onta, Lat.jhaving the appsaranceofufuintfurpiety. SA'NCTLMONY, S. \ Uin3\mor.la,L.^t.\ devoutnefs ; appearance of holiiiefs. SA'NCTION, S. [Fx.fonah, Lat.] the aft which confirms a thing and makes it oblige. Ratification. SA'NCTITUr.E, S. holinefs. SA'NCTITY, S. [fanrntas, Lat.] a ftate of holinefs. The qualitvofbelng holy or good. SA'NCTUARY, ?..'[frnai,aire,Vr.] a holy place. A place of refuge, flielteror proteftion. SAND, S. [Dan.andB'-lg./^;.v&/-, Ifl.] a very fmall gritty earth. Particles of flonc not joined, or after beirg j(iined, broken to powdtr. A barren country covered with fands. SA'NDAL, S, [Jar'dale, Fi . Jandal'mm, Lat.] a loofe (hoe. SA'NDARACH, S. [famlaraque, Fr. fnn- (ianirii, Lat.] a very beautiful native follil, injiidicioufiy confounded with arfenic. A dry hardrefin of a whitifh Colour, of which pounce is made. The matter found in a bee-hive, commonly named Lccs- hieacL SA'ND-BLIND, Adj. afili(fled with a de- fed in the fight, in which fmall particles Promoting or eon-lfeem continually Hying befcre the eyes. SA'NDERS, S. [j'antaLv:, Lat,] a curious fort of Indian wood, of which there are thre* kinds, yellow, red, and green. SA'NDEVER, S. [ fiwdcver, Fr.] the re- crernent or fcum produced in making glafs. SA'NDISH, .4dj. approaching to the na- ture of fand. Loofe. SA'ND-STONE, S. a ftone that crumbles into fand, SA'NDY, Adj. abounding in, or confining of, fand. SAND'LIN'G, S, a f^-a-fiiii. SAN'DYX, S. cerufe burnt till it rcfembles red arfenic in coloiir ; or a red earth, proba- bly the red orpiment. SANE, Adj. [far.us, Lat ] whole j heakliy; found. SANE'NESS, S. foundncfs. SAN'GLICK, S, a Turkilli governor of a city or province. SANG, preter. of Sing. SANCUIFICA'TION. S, [Fr.] the pro- Juftion of blood. To SA'NGUIFY, V. N. \fang:ih, and fach, Lat. J to [toJute blood, i SAr:- S A R SA'XGUINARY, Aoj. [fa^guiuahcFr. Jan^uinarh, Lat.J bloody j Cruel; murJcrous. SA'NGUINE, Adj. [fang!wi,¥x.fangui- r.eus, Lat. I red or like blood, applied to' co- lour. Alioundin^ with blood. Cheertiil, ap- plied to temper. \V;irm, ardent, or confident. SA'NGUINENESS, or SA'NGUINITY, S. ardour ; liCat of expecTlation ; confidence. SANHK'DRIM, S. [fynednum, Lat.j the fiipreme council or court of judicature among tlie Jews, confiding of fevcnty elders, over whom the ]iit,'h-pricO prefisled; SA'NIKs,\s, [Lat.J corrupt matter or blood ilTuing from a wound or ulcer. SA'xVIOUS, Adj. [fan'tes. Lat.] running with a thin and undigefted matter. SA'NITY, S, [Janhas, Lat.j health : foundnefs in mind. SANK, preter. of Sink. SAP, S. [faf. Sax. jap, Belg.] thejuice which afcends in and nourilhes plants. To SAP, V. A. [fapj>er, Fr. xabpare, Ital.] to undermine ; to demoHOi or fui>vert M digging under. Neuterly, to proceed by Jigging under. SA'PPHIRE, ?. [ppphhus, Lat.] a pre- cious rtone of a beautiful fky colour. SA'PID, Adj. [>/!V«.s Lat.l taftcful. SAPl'DlTy, SAPI'DNESo, S. talteful- nefs. SA'PIENCE, S. [Fr. faplema, Lat.] the habit or difpofition of mind which, importcth liie love of wiidom. xVifdom. SA'PIUNT, Adj. \vi(b or flige. SA'PLESS, Adj. I faph'.s, Bclg.] deflitute of f'.p, or vitil juice. Dry; hufky. SA'PLING, S. a young tree or ^ hut. S4l'ONA'CEOUS, or SA'PONAKy.Adj. ("from fjpo, Lat. fopej having the qualities of f^pc. Srpy. SA'POR, S. [Lat.] tafle; power of affe(fl- ing or ni;iiu'atin;> the pilate. SAPORI'FIck, Adj. [fuporifq-e, Fr. A- for and fiicio, Lat.j producing talte. SA'FPINESS, S. [from>/,,,vj che quality of a!)oundin>7 in fjp or juice. Figuratively, de.'ccc of HHdeiftanding S\'PPY, Adj. abounding in fap. Young. We.ik or infirm. SAR A'BAND, S. [frrabandc, .Span.] a mu- fical compofition, gener.iUy played very grave and fcrions; alfo a Spaiiilh dance. SA'RCASM, S. [farcafmeyYr.fa'cafmus, Lat J a keen reproach. SARCA'SriCAL, or S.IRC.VSTICK, Adj. f.ityric;il ; taunting ; fevere. SA'RCENET, S. [from fakum jaract- v\un:,\ a fine tliin-wovcn filk. To SA'RCLE, V. A. \jarcler, Fr. farauo, L.it.J to weed corn. S ARCOCF/LE, S. {"<raV^ and xJiXn] a fiediv excrcfcence of ihe telticlc;. .SARCCMA, S. [c-^p:xf^:,\ 3 flefhy ex- cr^Cccnce, ^rowing in any part of the body. SARCO'PHAGUS, Adj. [^i,? and ^.---,»,.] SAT feeding on flefh. SARCO'TICKS, S. [from <ri^*] medi- cines which fill up ulcers with ftew fielh. SARDO'NYX, S. a fpecies of onyx,- v.hereon the white lies like a plate, of a rcd- Jilh colour. SARRj S. [fcjrk, Sax.] a fliark. In Scot- land a fliirt. SARSE, S. [fas. Fr.] a ficve made of fins lavi'n. To SARSE, V. A. [fijjh; Fr.] to fift through a lawn fievc. SAbH, S. a belt, or filken bafid of net- work, worn by officers, byway of diftin<n:ion. A window, with large panes made with frames which go in grooves, and are let up and dov.'n by pullies. SA'SSAFKAS, S. a tree; one of the fpecies of the Cornelian chcny. SAT, the preter. of Sit. SA'TAN, S. the prince of hell j any wicked fpirit. SATA'NICAL, or SATA'NICK, Adj. [from Satan] devilifh ; infernal. SA'TCHEL, S. [ feie!, leut. faccuh!, Lat fee Sachel] a luile leathern bag, ufcd by childfen to carry books in. To SATE, V. A. Ifatk, Lat. /e^, in.l, to feed too much or beyond the de&res of nature. To glut. S.VTF.LITE, S. [in the plural number it is ufcd by Pope as a word of four fyllable', and accented by him on the fecond ryilablc, U-om frJc'/ite, Fr. or fa teUct, 1-at-] in'aftro- nomy, a fccondary planet, which moves round fome primary planet at its center. To SA'TLATE, V. A. {fa;iatu'. Lit.] to f itisfy, fill, or glut. To gratify any defire. To impregnate wivh as much as it can receive, SA'TIATE, Adj.- glutted ; full to fitiety. SATI'ETY, S. [fdth::c.s, Lat.J more than enoug!) ; ftiteof being palled. Sa'TIN, S. [Fr, drap dl fnt'm, Ital. fatt'ir, Belg.] a foft, clofe piled and fhining lilk, SA'TIRE, S. [Fr. ;tJ,-.vv,Lat.] a poem m which wickednefs and folly are ctnfured. SATI RIG, or SAl I RICAL, Adj. [fati- r'que, Fr. faiir-c::!, Lat.] belonging to fatire. Cenforicufnefs. Severe in reproach. SATIRIST, S, one who writes farires. ToSA'TIRiZ^E, V. A. [fatirixcr, Fr.J t9 ccnfure for faults. SATISFA'CTJON, S. [faasfaHk,'Lat.] the 'd£l of giving complete or perfefl pleafure. The ftate of being plcafcd. Freedom fiom uncertainty or fufpence. Gratification. At- tonement ; recompence or revenge for a crime or injury. SA i ISFA'CTORY, Adj. [ fathfuFtoire, Fr.] atoning ; giving ratisfa(ftion. "^Jo SATPSFV, V. a, [/rtmand/o, Lat.] to pleafe to fuch a degree that nothing more is defire'd. To feed to the full. To recom- penle. To convince. 1 o give atonement or revenge for an injurv. Neuterly, to pay. SA'TRAPA, S A U SA'TRAPA, S. the chief governor of a province in Ferfia. . To S A'TUllaTE. V. A. {ja[:n-attn, Lat.] to impi-«miste till no more can be imbibed. SATU'RITY, S. \Jaturitas, Lat.] fulnefs. SATURDAY, S. [fatterddag, fatcmfdeg, S;ix. from fed re r, a Saxon idol, andi?Wg-, Sax. a day] the lafV day of the week. S-ATU'RNFAN, Adj. goiden ; happy. SA'TURNINI:, Adj. [fc:i:!fm;:i!S, Lat.] gloomy, grave or melancholy. S.VTYR, S, Ip.yrin, Lat.] a fylvan god, fuppofed to be rude and lecheipus. SA'VAGE, Adj. \ rawvage, Fr. plveggc, Ital.] wild or uncii'tivared. Untan.ed oi cruel. Untaught, or Ijariwrous. Sa'VAGE, S. a pejfc'iii who is neither taught nor civilized. To SA'VAGE, V. A. to n>ake wild or favage. ^^ Savsitd h'j wcxi.^' TavJ. SAVA'NNA, S. [Span.] an open meadow without wood. SAUCE, S. [fauce,faulje, Yr-Jalfa, Ital] any licjuld oT other thing made to be eaten with food. ToJ'cr-ve the Jm;is fauce^ is, to re- turn one injury by another. end fiifferings, has made a propltiab'on for tFve lins of mankind, and faves thakibdlbdU-vg 111 h'itn from eternal mifery. To SAU'NTEX, V. N. [alkr a la fame terre, \. e. to go to thehoiv land ; alluding to thofe perfons who wandered about ben;pin* charity, under pretence of going to the holy land j or rather from jans enr, Fr. without- any fettled home] to wander about in an idle manner. SA'VORY, S. a plant. SA'VOUR, S. [fa-L'eur, Fr,] a fcent or odour. Figuratively, a tade. To SA'VOUR, V. N. [fntwmer, Fr.] to have any particsjlar fcent, or tafle. To b«. token or have any appearance of fomething. Actively, to like, 'i o rclift or take pkafure in. To give a talk of. SA'VOURY, Adj. [favcunux, Fr.] pka- Ong to the fmell. SAVO'Y, S. [hr^Jfca f:hav.dh:a, Lat.] a fort of cohvort. SAVOy, a fovereign duchy of Europe, Ijc- tween France and Italy, bounded on the N. by the lake of Geneva, which feparntes it from Swillerland, on the E. by the Alpf, To SAUCE, V. A. to accompany food with which divide it from Piedmont and Vat fomething to give it a higher relilli . To gra- j on the W. by the river Rhone, which parts tify the palate, To iaterm!.\ with fomething I it from Eugey and Bredc, and on the S. I)y good or bad. t Dauphiny and a part of Piedmont. It is Si; SA'UCEBOX, S. an impertinent, impu- dent feiioT\'. SAU'CEPANT, S. a fmali fkillet ufed gene- rally in making fauces. SA'UCER, S. a fmall platter on which^ a tea-cup Hands. SA'UCILY', Adj. impudently; in a fancy manner. SAU'CISSON, [Fr.] in fortification, fag- gots made of large boughs of trees bound to- gether. SAU'CY, Adj. ("perhaps bed derived from falfus, Lat.] pert ; contemptuous of fupe- riors, impertinent. To SAVE. V. A. [fau-z-er, fctihcr, Fr. fa!'vo~ Lat.] to preferve or refcue from danger, deltruftion, or eternal mefery. To refervc or lay by money. To prevent from fpending. To fpare or e.xcufe. 'To fave ore's tide, is to embark juft time enough to accomnlifh a voy- age before the tide turns ; and figuratively, to take, embrace, or not loofe an opportunity. SAVE, Adj. [perhaps rather the imperative oifave'\ except j not including. SA'VEALL, S. a fmall pan fixed in a •ondlcflicks to burn the ends of candles. S.WER, S. refcuer 4 one who lays up and grows rich. SA' VING, Adj. frugal. Laying by money, and refraining from expence. ' SA'VING, S. the art of avoiding expence. Any thing prcferved from being expended. An exception in favour. SA'VIOUR, S. [faut,ei-r, Fr.] the title given to our Bleficd Lord, who, by his death miles in length, and 67 in breadth, and is divided into Proper Savoy, the Genevefe, Chablais, Faufigni, the Tartntcfe, Morienna, and a part of Bugey. The air is cold on ac- count of the high mountains, which arc al- mofl always covered with fnow ; however, the foil is pretty fertile, and fupplie.s the inha- bitants with the neceilaries.of life, but they can fupply their neighbours with nothing biit;- chefnuts and raddillies. The mountains, which are not covered with fnow in winter, abound with padures that feed a great num- ber of cattle. There is alio a great de.d of game ; among which are ffags, fallow-deer, rcebuck5,vald- boars, bears, m<nmouts, white- hares, red and grey partridges, wood-hens, and pheafints. The lakes are full of filh, and the principal rivers are t!;e Ifere, the Arc, and the Arve. This country has fufTered greatly by ruinous wars, which it has fuftain- ed againfl France and Spain. The inhabi- tants rre laborious, fobcr, good foldicr.<:,, and faithful fubjedls, and Chamberry is the capital town. SAU'SAGE, S. [favdfft:, Tr.fa/fum, Lat] a roll or ball nnde commonly of pork or veal, minced very fmall, with fait and fpice. SAXONY, its limits are difllrently de- fcri4)ed. It formeily extended over both tiic circles of the Upper and Lower Saxony, in Germany ; but for fometime it has been re- firi(fted to the clecftoral dominions of Saxony. In the large fenfe, as including the Upper and Lower S.'^xony, it is hounded on the N . by the Kaltxiea, benmaik, and the Germ:nx ocean i SAW ccean ; on the E. by Poland and Silefia, and on the S. by B 'hemia, Fianconia and Hefie Callc!, and on the W. by Weilphalia. It lies b::t\vecn lat. 50 and 55 deg. N. and bet'Acen long. 8 and 18 deg. E. Saxony duchy, to which the eleftorate is annexed, is bounded (in the N. by the duchies of Magdeburg and Biunfiuck, the principality of HalberlLidt and eleiflorate of Brandenburg, on the E. by Silefia and part of Bohemia and Franconia, and on the \V. by the landgravate of Hefle. Its capital is Wittembcrg 5 but the elector ufually refides at Drefden, That parf properly called the ele(norate is about 130 miles from E. to W. and 90 from N. to S. but the whole of his dominions are reckoned I about 2ZO from E. to W. and 140 from K. to S. The eledor is great marfhalofthe empire, its vicar during an interregnum in all 1 places not fuhje£t to the Palatinate vicariate ; and he appoints the meetinj^s of all diets, ex- cept tlie collegial diets, &c. His country is very fruitful and populous (but in the late war between tlie elector and Pruflla very much impoveriflied and (tripped of its inha- bitants) being reckoned one of the wealthieft princes of Germany, except the archduke of j^ufriia. The prcfent elector, like his father, renounced the protellant leligion, and cm- braces that of Rome, at twenty-one years of age, with a view to qualify him lor the throne ot Poland ; but the other princes and their fcbjcfts arc Lutherans, or of the Augfburg] CJnfeflion ; though among them theie a;e Ibme Cdvinifts and Roman Catholics. The] Saxons have capacities, f.;ys, baron de Polnitr., equjl to any nation, beii:g naturally magna- nimous and abliorrcnt of flavery ; they are well made, robuft, agile, laborious, and good {oldicrs. The German languagcis fpoken iu Saiiony wiih tlie greatest purity. Tlie uni- vciTities i-f this country abound with illuflri- ous fcholars j and alnioft every town is fa muus for politenefs and the cultivation of the arts and fciencc!, as Cranach tlie famous Sa\on printer, and the late Handel, prince of muficians, were born at Drefden. The Sax- ons reverence Luther as much as ever, being zealous (licklers for his docTlrine. The prelent clcftora! family is defcended from Frederick the \^^arrior. Landgrave of Thuiingia, and the Margrave of Mifnia, on whom the emj-er(ir Sigifmund confened that dignity preferably to John I. brother to the elector Albert 11. claming inveftiturc as neareft of kin to Albert IV. who died with- out illiie in the year 1412. SAW, preter. of See. S \W, S. { fiigJ, fg'i Sax. fie, Fr. ^ae^he, Pclg. ] an inftrument wiih teeth, ufcd to cui wood or metal wiih. A faying j a fentence ; a proverb. To S.-W, V. A. [participle yizTOf*/ or ^a-wn •jfaividan, Perf.j to cut timber or other $u.iicii£ls with a faw. S C A S.\'W-riT, S. a j>it over which timber i; laid to be fawn. S.VWER, or SA'WYER, S. a perfon who cuts timber with a faw. To SAY, V, A. [pr«er. faid\ fecgan. Sax. J to fpeak, tell, or utter vv»rds. To alleJge, or afiirm. Keuterly, to fpeak. In poetry, this word is elegantly uftd in the irn- perjtive to introduce aqueftion. S.\Y, S. [/j^J, Sax', fahcon, Pcrf. ^x.jO, Hung, xacn, Arm^ z,an, Ep.] a fpeech. A fample, contraifted.from ajjay. A trial by a fample. A kind of filk, iiomfoie, Fr. A kind of woollen Ruff. SA'YING, S. [fee Sav the noun] an exprelTIon or fentence. SCAB, S. \ fc^b, Sax. fcMia, Ital. fchabie, Belg. fcabies, Lat.j a hard cruft of matter covering a woimd or fore. The itch or mange in horfes. A paltry perfon, or one who is loathfome on accout of his ap- pearance. SCA'BBARD, S. [fd>flj>, Tcut ] the fiieath cf a fword. SCA'BBED, or SCA'BBY, Adj. covered with fcabs. SCA'BIOUS, Adj. • [fcaihfus, Lat.j le- prous. SCA'BROUS, Adj. {Jcabreux,Yr. feeler, Lat.] rouch. ' ' SCA'FF-OLD', S. [eJcblifa-Jt,Vr.] an occi- ficna! gallery or Itnge, railed either for (hoWs, executions, or fpc(ftators. Frames of timber ere(f>ed on the fides of a building for the workmen to Hand on. SCA'FFOLDAGE, or SC A'FFOLDINt}, S. a gallery or liollow floor. A frame or (lage ere(fted for a particular occafion. A buildiii.^ ereifted in a lligiit manner. SCAL.^DE, orSCALA'DO, S. [Fr./«- lado. Span. Jcala, Lat.] a llorm carried on againU a place by ladders raifed againll the walls. To SCALD, V. A. [fcaldare, Ital. of cal'idus, Lat.] to injure the ftcin by boilin;^ water. SCALD, S. fcurf on the head. SC.A.LD, Adj. mean ; paltry. SCALE, S. [fcalc. Sax. Jckr.le, Belg. /..•.', m. j a balance, or veffe! in which things arc weighed, fufpended on a beam. The frgn Libra \n the zodiac. The fmall (hells or crults which lie over each other and make the coats of filhes. A ihin plate which arifes on metals. A ladder or means of afcent, from/i.i.'a, Lat. TJie act of florming by ladder.":. A legular gradation or feries w hich rife^; gradually high- er. A ruler ufcd in meafuiing proportions. The feiies ofmufical proportion. Anything marked at equal diflaiices. To SCALE, V. A. [fcaJare, Ital.] to (torni by ladder.-;. To weigh, meafuic, cr compare. To take off a thin plate or lamina. To pare cffa fuif-cc, Ktuteily, fopatccff in thin pieces. - SECALE'N/ S C A SCALE'NE,or SCALENt;M,S. [Ti: and I-at.] a geometrical figure which has its three iides uaequil to each other. SCA'LINESS, S. the (fate of being fcaly. SCALLj S. [fi'iltadur, li!. baUJ kprofy ; baidne(s. SCA'LLION, S. [fcalaynd, Ital.J a kind of Onion. SC.VLLOP, S. [cfcallip, Fr.J a fi(h vvith a hollow and pcftinatcd Ihell. The fliell of a fco.liop fifli. Any thing dreft iil a fcallop Ihell. To SCA'LLOP, V. A, to cut or mafk oh ihe edges with waving lines. To drefs any thing in a fcallop fhell. SCALP, S. [Jchelfe, Belg. a /hell, fcalpa, It.ll.] ihe (kuUor bone that inclofes thebiain. The (kin whicii covers the top of the head. To SCALP, V. A. to cut off the fkin which covers the head. SCA'LY, Adj. covered with fcales. T(5 SCA'MBLE, V. N. to he turbulent or rapacious. To fcramble or get by ftrtiggling with others. To Ihifc in an aukWard manner. Actively, to mangle or maul. SCA'MBLER, S. fStottifli] art intruder upon a perfon's generolity or table. ToSCA'MPER, V. A. \fihampen, fielg. Jcampare, Ital.j to fly vvith fpceJ and fear. To SCAN, V. A, [Jciindre, Yv.fcar.do, Lat.] to prove a verfe by examining its feet. To fe.xamine in a nice and curious manner. SCA'NDAL, S. Ifcatsdale, Fr. of <rxanSaXov, Gr.] an offence giveii by the faults of others. A reproachful and infamous afperfion. To SCA'NDAL, V. A. to tieat cpptobri- ouHy. To charge falily with faults. To SCANDALIZE, V. A. [IcarJaUfi-, Fr. c-x-JiXaXi^i;, Gr. | to offend by ibme atftion fuppofcd criminal. To reproach or defame. SCA'NDALOUS, Adj. [fr^rMkux, Fr.] piviiig public otfence. Infamous. Repioach- tul. Shameful. SCA'NSION, S. [/f.^'ySb, Lat.]theaaof I fcanninga verfe. To SCANT, V. A. \gcfca'nnn. Sax.J/oK- *v, Dan.] to limit, (iruiten, or keep within narrow bounds. SCANT, Adj. wary; fcarce. Lefsth.-.n vhat is rcvjiiiicd. SCANT, Adv. warily; fcarcely. SCA'NTILY, Adv. niggardly. SCA'NTINESS, S. narrowuefs ; watit of {pace, amplitude, quantity, or of gieatnefs. SCA'NTLET, S. almall pa;ternor ijuan- tity. .SCANTLING, S. [rjclar.ulkr., Fr. cla„- ffllino, Itai,] a fmall quantity cut as a pattern. A fmall piece, ptirtion, or quaniiry. SCA'NTY, Adj. narrow; fmall; ftiort of its proper ^^uant■ty. Poor; fparing. To SCAPE, V. A. [cop,tra<5ted from rfc^jfc] to fhun or fly, Neuterly, to get a\ dinger. sy from j thinly. I fpreaJ. S C A SCAPE, S, flight from danger. A means of cfcapej an evafion. A freak or Ibrt owing to inadvertence. An aift of vice or levvdnefs. SCA'PULA, S, [Lat.Jthethoulder-blade. SCA'PULAR, or SCA'PULARY. Adj. [ fcapulalre, Fr, from fciipula, Lat. ] relating or belonging to the (houlders. SCAR, S. [efcar, efL-are,¥r.iT^aft., Gr.] a mark made by a wound, or left by a fore. To SCAR, V. N. to leave a mark after a fore or wound, SCA'RAMOUCH, S, [efcar/Kouche, Fr.] a buffoon in a motley drefs. SCARCE, Adj. [fi-arfe, JU\.fclaa-s, Beig.] hard to be met with ; rare; not plentiful or common. SCARCE, or SCAR'CELY, Adv. with difficulty ; hafJly. . SCA'RCENE6S, or SCA'RCITY, S. the quality of a thing which is hardly to be met with. Rarity or uncommonnefs. To SCARE, V. A. [fcorare, Ital.] to frigiif. To (Irike with Aidden fear. SCA'RECROW, S. an image or clappet ufcd to frighten birds. Any tlung to raiie terror. SCARF, S.[ffiLvfi, Fr.] any ornament that hangs loofe on the ihoulders. To SCARF, V. A. to throw Icofcly on. To drefs in any loofe garment, SCA'RFSKIN, S. the outw.rd fkin of thf body. SCARIFICA'TIOiV, S. [Fr. fcailfcano, Lat.] an operatibh wherein feveial incifions are made in the fkin by an inftrument. SCA'RIFIER, S. he who fcarifics. ToSCA'RIFY, V. A. f fcarijirr, Fr. fca- y'.fico, Lat.] to let blood by jnaking feveral incifions in the fUin. SCA'RLET, S. [efcarlate, TT.fcarbto, Ital.] a colour made of a mixture of red and yellow. Cloth dyed fcarlet. SCA'RLET, Adj. of fcarlet colour. SCARP, S. {-cfcarpc, Fr.] the (lope on tliat fide di a ditch which is next to a fortified place. SCATCK, S. \cfchache, fr.] a kind of horfeLit foi bridles. In the plural, iliits ufcd to walk in dirty places, from clajjh, Fr. SCATE, S. [Swed. /kid, Iil] a kind of wooden flioe, having a plate of flecl under- neath, ufcd in moving on ice. Afifhof the fpccies of thorn backs, from /"j.-;^/: j, Lat. To SCATE, V. N. to move on the ice by means of fcates. To SCATH, V. A. \f:3U^an, Goth.] to wade, hurt, damage, or d^iUey. Seldom ufed. SCATH, S. \f(a:ke, Sax.] wafle j damage ; lofs; mifchief. Ohfilete. To SCATTER, V. A. [fchateran. Sax. fchatter^-n, Belg.] to throw loofely about. To fprinkle. To diflipate or difpcrfe. To fpread Nculerly, to Le difpcrfed or thinly G i: ^ SC.VTTER, S C H S C I SCA'TTF.RLING, S. a vagabond} one I SCHO'LATJ, S. \fcholcrh, Lat.] one who who has no fixed habitation. rectives inflnnflion from a mafter. A man of SCATU'RIENT, Adj. fpringhig as a letters. A mere pedant, fountain. SHO'LARSHIP, S. knowledge acquired SCaTURI'GINOUS, Adj. abounding in j by reading. Education as it conlifls in tlic: fprinns or fountains. ftudy of authors. An exhibition or penfiuii SCA'VENGER, S. [from fcafa>!. Sax.] a j allowed a fcliolar at the univerfity .,;.!, ^PT-,^^,- .,■(,,, ic f.> fpc fh;,'f rhf fh-cets are srHOT.ASTTC. XA\. T frl-'-.i parilTi ofScer who is to fee tha't the (Ircets are kept clean. SCE'NERY, S. [from /aw] the appearance of a place or things. The reprefentation of a jiace in wliich an a(rtion is performed. A col- lection of fcenes ufed in a phyhoufe. SCENE, S. [Jcene, Fr. /vr..-, Lat. from «-XMv>i, Gr.] the llage. The general appear- ance of any adion. A part of a phiy, gene- rally applied lo fo much as pallcs between the fame perfons, in the fame place. The place particular fylfem. SCHOLASTIC, Adj. [fd-ohjlipe, Fr. from fcho/a, Lat. J praftifed in the ichools ; ac^iuired at, or befitting, a fchooi. SC HO' LI A ST, S. [fcho/iajiis, Lat.] an' author of explanatory notes. SCHO'LION, or SCHO'LIUM, S. [Lat,] a nore, or explanation. SCHOOL, S. [fd'ola, Lat.] a houfe wheie peifons are intlrufted in any fcience or art. A flatc of education. A fert which holds a reprednted by the (fige. A piflure or hang- ing reprefentlng fome place or building on a ftage. SCF/NICK, Adj. \ faiiquc, Fr. from/awj dramatick ; theatrical. SCENOGRA'PHICAL, Adj. [crxwfl and ypl^x'] drawn in perfpetftive. SCE'NOGRAPHY, S. [o-itr.n and j'pi4><»] the art of perfpciftive. SCENT, S. [{cr.tirc,Yx. /"a-ww, Lat.] the power or fenfe of'fmelling. 'Chace, followed by the fmell To SCHOOL, V, A. to inflruaor teach. To teach with authority. SCHO'OLMAN, S. one ^rfed in the niceties and fubtilties of academical difpnta. ti.,,n : a perfon Ikilled in fchooi divinity. SCHOOL-MASTER, S. one who pre- fides and teaches in a fchooi. SCIA'TIC, orSCIA'TICA, S. \jc-un]jufy Fr. ijcbiadicj faJ]:o, Lat.j the gout in the hip. Sd'ENCE, S. [Vr.fctevuay Lat.] a clear tne imcii. I'*"d certain knowledge grounded on demon- To SCENT, V. A. fTtW/iV, Fr.] to fmell ; (iration and fclf-evident principles. .'\ fyflem perceive any tiling by the nofe or organ of any branch of knowledge, comprehending ' ... -r. r .,;^..« .1- j_n...:_. ..._r__ -ind theory, without To perfume, or communicate to , of fmelling. odours. SCE'PTRF, S. Fr. [fceptrum, Lat.] a royal ftatf borne in hand by kings, &c. as a mark »f their fovereignty. SCE'PTRED, Adj. bearing a fceptre. SCE'PTIC, Adj. fceSKEPTic. SCHE'DULE, S. [pronounced fiduk, from fclcduU, Fr. fchedula, Lat.J a fmall fcroll, or inventory. SCHE'MATISM, S combination bodies the do£lrine, rcafon, ^, — any immediate application of it to praftice. Knowledge. SCIE'NTIAL, Adj. producing certainty or knowledge. Olifolete. SCIENTrFIC,orSClENTI'F/CAL, Adj. producing certainty or demonftrative know- ledge. SCl'MITAR, S. feeCiMETAR.' I To SCIN'TILLATE, V. N. { fantilh, riSM, S. Ic-yj'MauriJio^,, Gr.] Lat.] to fparkle ; to emit fpirks. of the afpt(fts of heavenly SCINTILLA'TJON, S. f/rw.';/.'.-.-/;';, Lat.] the aCIt of fpaiking ; fparks emitted, SCHE'RIATIST, S.aprojeaprjonegiven SCIO'LIST, S. [faolus, Lat.] one who to forming fchemcs. knows thing's fupcrficiaily. SCHEME, S. [s-X"/^", Gr.] a plan, or SCl'OLOU.S, Adj. [/Wi/«i, Lat.] fuperfi- defion wherein feveral things are brought into I cially or imperfc<ftly knowing. one°view. A projeO. I SCl'ON, S. [Fr.] a fmall twig taken from SCHE'SIS, S. [Gr.] an habitude. one tree to be engrafted into another SCHI'RRHOUS, Adj. confifting ofahard „ . _-^ - - ,. infenfible tumour SCHFRRHUS, S. {[dnke, Fr.] a hardened gland. SCinSM, S. [pronounced fafm, from c-vis-.uo, Gr.] acriminal feparation or divifion in relijion. SCHISMA'TICAL, Adj. incliningto, or praftifing fchifm. SCHISMA'TICK, S. one who (emanates liimfflf from the Chriflian church without afTignrngany jurt caufe. ToSCHlS'MATIZE, V. A. to be guilty «£ the crime of fchilin. SCl'RE-FACiAs, S. [Lat.you may make ' to know] in law, a writ whereby a perfon is called on topcivcavje- why a judgment pailtJ (hould not lie put in execution. SCl'SSARS, S. [writ varioufly, according to the word from whence it is fuppofed to be derived ; thofe who deduce it foom ir.cido, or Li£do, write c'lfors ; thofe that derive it from fiir.do, write fci£6ri \ and others again write cifan, tixars, or fcijja's, from cife^ztx, Fn.] a fmall pair of blades, with a fharp edge moving on a rivet, and ufed for cutting paper, cloth, &c. Ah.vays ufed, in tlic pkuiJ. scrssiLE, SCO SCrSSILF, Adj. capable of being cut. SCl'SSTON, S. the art oF cutting. SCl'SSURF,, S. ija£un!, Lat.] a breach, liipture, or fifTiire. SCLEROTIC, Adj. [ ffhrotique, Fr. ••J'^^fl;f, Gr.] hard ; generally applied to one of the tunics of the eye. SCLERO'TICKS, S. medicines which harden and confolidate the parts ihcy are applied to. To SCOAT, orSCOTH, V. A. to rtop a wheel by putting a Itone or piece of wood under it. To SCOFF, V. N. [fcho^pen, Belg] to ri- dicule u'uh inlblence. To treat with con- temptuous and reproachful language. Ufed with at. SCOFF, S. derifion ; ridicule 5 cxprefiion cf fcorn. SCO'FFER, S. one who ridicules, or de- rides another. To SCOLD, V. N. [fdoldcn, Bclg.] to quariel with or chide in a vehement and rude tnanner. SCOLD, S. a clamorous, rude, and 4uar- relfome woman. . SCO'LLOP, S. fee Scallop. SCONCE, S. [Jdartx, Teut.j a fort, or bulwark. Figuratively, the head. A candle- Itic, whic!) moves on a rivet, and is fixed againft a wall. A liii€. To SCONCE, V. A. [according to Skin- ner from/cc/Vif, a head; it lagnifyirig to fix a fine on anyone's headj to fine or make a perfon pay a fum of money for a fault word much ufcJ in the uuiverfity SCO of fomcll-jlhg pafl. Part of a de!*t. A reafoa or motive. bake. Twenty. A long \r\ /core, is that which is written under ilic mu- fical notes. To SCORE, V. A. to fet down as a debt. To impute or change. To maik by a line. SCO'RIA, S. [Lat.] drolV. SCO'RIOUS, Adj. \fcona, Lat.] drofty. To SCORN, V. A. ( fchcm;,, Beig. cjcor- ncr, Fr.] to treat with flight or contempt. Neuterly, to fcotl' or treat with conteniptiS"6us language ; ufed with at. SCORN, S. [cfconis, old Fr.] an art of contumely and contempt. SCO'RNER, S. one who treats a perfon or thing with contempt or ridicule. SCO'RNFUL, Adj. looking upon or treat- ing with infolcnce or contempt. SCO'RPION, S. [Yv. forpio, Lat.] a jcp- tile refcm!)ling a lobfi<r, whofe t;:il ends in a point, and has a very venomous llmg. SCOTj S. [scote, Fr.] fliort paymenP. What is (iltie from a perfon Sect and lat, what is due from a perfon as a parilliioncr. Scot free, denotes a perfon'.'; being excufcd payiog his (hare to his reckoning, or being remitted fome punilhment. SCOTLAND, partof \Vhich Lsthe ancient Caledonia, has fince the union been called North-Br'iti:w. It is the northern part of tli6 main illand, which comp.eiiends Kngland and Wales, and with thefe condituting one united kingdom ever fince the 5th of Qucca .-^nne in the year 1707, and that by tliecun- Ajfentof the parliaments of both kingd.wis. By this coalition they are now in conjunction SCOOP, S. [fci.'oepe, Belg.] a kind of I llylcd Great Britain, and are under the fame Jarge ladle, ufed to throw out li^juor. An in-, government of one Kingabd p.irllament, with flrument made of bone, and u('cd in the eat- ! a refcrve of all tiie ftatuie and municipal law$ ing the pulp of an apple. A fwcep or (troke. of Scotland j and other privileges, &c. prfor •' Atone fell Ucoy." Sht.k To SCOOP, V. A. [fchoebrn, Belg.] to get by means of a fcoop. To lade out. To empty or carry olF in a hollow inrirument. To cut hollow or deep. SCO'OPER, S. one who fccops tural hiftorv, a water-fowl to that ira ; fo that the legiflation, which formerly was vefted in the King and parlia- ment of Scotland independently of thofe of England, being removed and placed in one general parliament of Great-Britain (fixteen In na-j peers from Scotland reprefsnting their nobi- lity, and forty-five mtmhers the gentrv and SCO'PE, S. [fcopus, Lat.] the objeft of a commonality) the la\\s in common arc now perfon's acflions ordefign. An aim, intention ! palled by the two countries in conjupftion. or drift. The final end. Room, or fpace ; ' All that part of the main iilmd north of tibcrty or freedom. LicentioiUiiefs. An aft i Cumberland and Northuaibeiland, two of of riot. Quantity extended. the molf northerly counties of Rngland, be- SCO'PULOUS, Adj. [fcopulcfits, Lat. j a-! longs to .'■cotland ; together with a great bounding in recks. I number of iflands, particularly on the weflern, SCORBUTl'C, or SCORRU'TICAL, /dj \ Jccriuti^'UC, Fv. fiCriutuSy Lat.J rcfem- bling or partaking of the fcurvy. ToSCORCiI,V. A.'lclgo.-cte/Ai,^. fcorencJ, Sax. burnt J to change thccolour of any thing by heat. Neiiterly, ro change the colour of any thing, applied to heat. To b.' dried up; SCOR:, S. \ JJiora, III. J a note., cut with an edged inlhument. A line drawn. An account, kept by nyitches cut in \voo»i, or by knes drawn by chalk. A debt. An account fouth-wedern, and northern fides, as the ^.!)ude, Orcades, Shetland, &c. It has the Irifh fra on the W. the Deuraledonlan on the H. and that part of the German ocean on the E. whic!; in our maps is ciUcd the Bri- tilh or North Sea. It is about 300 miles long from N. to S. and fro.n 50 to 150 in breadfh from E to W. being indented, and nearly cut through in many places by bav<; or firths of thefea, as they are called, forming excel- lent harbouis, at the ends and on the lidcs of t> g g 2 whicii SCO SCO w>iich are fevcral confiderable rivers, 'oefiJcs ; other? of fcailct, ekher of wool or filk, atid kilcr Dream?, abounding with fine Talmon, ! finer than iholc mavie in any part ot Britain trour, eels, and flounders. Scotland, exclu Uve ot its ifiands, lies between lat. 5+ deg. 50 min. and ^g dejr. 30 niin. N. andbeiwccn long. I and 6 deg. W. Tiie longeft day isup- wards of eighteen hours, and the Ihorteft night forty-five minutes, aijd in i'ome of the Shet- land illes lefs. The number of its inhal)i- lants Tcmpleman reckons as 1,500,000, vhich is half a million rrtore than he com- putes in Iiehiid, though, exclufive of the Thefe are chiefiy niauu.*"a<ftured at Glafgow, as are ftockings, &c. at Aberdeen. Eehdes ftripeJ nuillins, cambrics, and thofe tolerably fine, the main ai ticle of the Scottilli manu- facture is lincn-doih, vaflly encouraged and improved by virtue of premiums, &c withm thcle few years ; cfpecialiy by the taking oil the duty on it in England, an.i the prohibit- ing the wear of printed callicoes : for vaft (quantities of it are not only lent to England, lies, he makes the latter to contain more 1 Intt exported to our Briiilh colonies in North srounJ. 1 he fjil in general does not come 1 America. .Scotland is fiid to have this ad- lip to thai of England in fertility ; not hut vantage to boail of, which neither England, that feme counties, p.irticulaily the JLothi.-ns, | nor hardly any nation in Europe has, namely, Fift, Bnchan, Angus, Mearns, Aberdeen- I that in every branch of its trade with other (inre Rofs, Murr.iyland, &c. have good ; countries, the balance is on its fide ; that if, ftore of grain, with wliich they trade to , ihe fends out more commodities in value than Snain Holland, Norway, &c. The fkirts of 1 (he receives back ; and confiquently the dif- rhe c-iiintry, efpccially northward, abound 1 ference or overplus mufl be made good in W!th timber, particularly fir-trees, Sec. of a (peeie. Scotland has produced men of emi- vafl maf'nirudr. 'ihe air is very temperate, . mcnce in every branch of literature : and and not'^h.iSf lb cold as might be imagined | Chriflianity leems to have been planted very in fo northerly a climate. This, as in ■ early in this country ; for TertuUian fays, Endand, is owing to the warm vapcurs and I " That thofe parts of Britain, into which breezes which come continually otT the fea;j*Mhe Romans had not penetrated, became and hkcvvifc purify the air, and put it in | " fubjec't to Chrifl." The capital rivers, fuch a conltant agitation, as keeps the inha- particularly the Forth, Clyt'e, Tay, and Nels, bitants from any remarkable epidemic dif- l&c. divide it into peninfulas ; thefe runnin;^ tempers. Great part of the country, parti- I fo far into the country as to be intercepted culaily towards the N. and W. including the only by a fmall idhmus, or neck of land, but Grampian hills, is mountain^ius, hilly, and , more elpeciaily the fmall dilfauce of Lough- heathy ; but yielding good pallure in fevcral nefs from the Wellern Sea. Scotland may bs places : between the higher grounds are many divided into two clallcs; namely, fouth of rich valleys, and always a (lout flream, both tlie firth of Forth, whofc cipital, and that of in the N. and S. parts, which produce corn , the whole kingdom, is Edinburgh ; and tlic and cattle j but the latter, \\ ith the horfes, I Korth of the fame Firtli, the principal town are molUy of a fmall breed. Great numbers in which is Aberdeen. The elbblinied reli- ef the cattle are driven into England, and gion of Scotland is the CjIvin-.Hical or Pref- there lieing fold lean after fattening in the ; bytcrian, as contained in the Confeflion of En^liih paflurcs, they furnilli the London | Faith, authoiifed in the firft parliament of markets with delicate bee.*". Scotl-ind like- j King James VT. or which is much the fame, wife breeds great numbers of fheep, many of' the tonfeftion of divines at Wcnminlter, vhich are fent into England, as is the grcateff [ which the church (commonly the kirk) of part of their wool. It has alfo a very good | Scotland have adopted. Jn this kingdom fifhery of herring, cod, ling, filmon,&c. great .arc ftveral diftnters or cpifcopalians, wh© quantities of whith are exported, bchdes greit ' originally in their extemporary prayers ufed plenty of haddock, whiting, fk:it, &c. with ' the Lord's pr.yer and the Gloria ; but they a variety of Ihell filli, aS mufcles, wilks or ' moflly have adopted now the Church of perriwinkles, cockles, clamps or fcollops, oy- ^ England form: however, tlic non-juvors fters, &c. for home-confumption. Scotlund ; among them are not permitted to h,tvs has the better cf England both i'ot catching ' meeting-hoiifes ; snd futtcred only to preach of hei rings fooner, and curing them better j : and read the divine fervicc to a very fmall the pickled licrrings of Glafgow, Locli- ; number, fince the year 1 745 : whereas fucU broom, &c. being eoual to thofeof the Dutch their fituation for exporting them is likewife more commodious ; fothat they can be fooner at market than the Dutch, the Glafgow merchants on the coafts of Spain, Tortugal and up the Streights ; as the merchants of Dundee, Aberdeen, &c. on the Eaftern coaft, in the R.tltic, German ocean. The Scots have manufa<nures ot cloth, woollen ftutfs, f aiticul>ivly phids, fgmc of variegated colours. minifteiscis take the oaths, and prjy for his Mujefty in exprefs terms, ha\e meeiing- houfes. To SCOTCH, V, A. to cut, or maks marks with an edged indrument. SCOTCH, S. a flight cut. SCOTCH COLLOPS, or SCOTCHED- COLLOPS, S. [tiom j::r:b, to cut] fmall pieces of veal marked or cut acrofs wiih a knife, and then fried. i 4 SCOTOMY, SCR SCO'TOMY, S. [a-KoTX'fxc, Gr. ] a Jiz- zinefs or fwimming in the head, caufingdim- nefs of fight, SCO'VEL, S. a fort of mop for fweeping ovens; amr.ulkin. SCO'UNDRKL, S. [fchondarudo, Ital.] a word of reproach, uled to convey the idea of bafencfs. To SCOUR, V. A. \Jkurcr,'Dzn.fcbcu- ei-c:t, Belg. ] to rub a fin face hard with any thing rough in order to cleanfe it. To re- move by fcouring. To cleanfe. To clear from enemies or ob(lacIe5, applied to the fea. In phylic, to purge violently. To pafs fwifily over, applied to the motions of animals. Ncuterly, to run with great fwiftnefs. SCOU'RKR, S.one who cleans by rubbing, or runs fwiftly ; a purge. SCOURGE, S, [pronounced yi/^^^^, from ef, lyurgc'f, Fr, fcon-cgi,7, IvA. conlgciz, Lat.] an indrunient made of feveral cords or thongs ufed to ftrikc ofiendcrs with. Figuratively, a punifliment. One that alHirts, harrafles, or deftroys, A wiiip ufcd for a top. To SCOURGE, V, A, to lalh with a whip. To punifli or chartife. SLOURGER, S. one that cbartifes. SCOUT, S. ^efrout, Fr. from efccuicr, Fr.] one who is fent privily to obfervc the motions of an enemy, A perfon employed on errands in a college. To SCOUT, V. N, to go out in order to make fesret obfcrvations on the motions of an enemy. To SCOWL, V. N. [fcynnn. Sax.] to frown ; to look angry, four, or fullen. SCOWL, S. a look of gloom or Jifcon- tcnt. SCO'WLINGLY, Adv. fuUenly. To SCR'ABBLE, V. N. [hratbkt:, fcraf- felcn, Belg. J to paw or fcratch with the hands. SCRAG, S. Ijchraghe, Belg. ] any thing lean or thin. SCRA'GGED, Adj. [corrupted from crag- ged'\ rough ; full of protuberances or afpe- rities. SCRA'GGY, Adj. lean ; thin j rough or rugged, ToSCRA'MBLE,V. N. [feeScRABBLEj to flruggle (o as to catch or feize any thing with the hands before another. To climb by the help of the hands ; followed by up. SCRA'MBLE, S. an eager flrqgglc for any thing, in which one endeavours to feize be- fore another. The aft of climbing by the Irelp of hands. SCR'AMBLER, S. one that fcramblcs ; one that climbs by the help of his hands. ToSGRANCH, V. A. \Jcra!}tx^a; Belg.] to grind fomething crackling or brittle be- tween the teeth. SCRA'NNEL, Adj. grating by the found, SCRAP, S. [fromyira/f] a fmall piece; a bit or fragment. SCR To SCRAPE, V. A, [ fcnpan, Sax. f.hrapav, Belg.] to take off the lurfacc bj the adion of a (Ijarp inftrumsnt, To craze or take oFby the motion of an edged inlirr- ment held perpendiculir. To coilcft cr ga- ther by great pains and cafe. To fcape ac- <fuj!nta>icc is to rnrry favour. Neuterly, to make a harfli noife. To p!-*y badly on a fiddle. To make an aukwjrd bov/. •SCRAPE, S. '•//V7/., Svved.J perplexity ; difficulty; diflrefs. SCRA'PER, S. an edged in (Irument nfed to fcrape with. A thin iron al a door, on which a perfon cleans his (lioes. A mifer. A bad player on a fiddle. To SCRATCfl, V. A. [kraf^rv, Eeig.] to mark with flight, uneven, and tdjged cuts. To tear with the nails. To wounil li^litly. To wound with any thing keen \vh-c!i leave^ alineormaik on the Ikin. To vviite or draw aukwardly. SCRATCH, S. a ragged or fhallow cut. A wound given by the nails, A flight wound. A peruke, which is eafily combed out. SCRATCHER, S, [fiomjlraich] he that fcratches. SCRATCHES, S, cracked ulcers or fcabs in a horfe's foot. SCRAW, S. [Ifl. and Erfe] furface or fcurf. To SCRAWL, V, A Ifirzckc, Pol. b-dyntl. Boh, ] to form in an irregular and aukward manner. To write ill, SCRAWL, S. writing performed in an aukward manner, SCRA'WLER, S. a clumfy or inelegant writer. SCRE'ABLE, Adj. [fa-cM/is, Lat.J that which maybe fpit out. To SCREAK, V. N. [krekeu, RufT. /Iwierexic, Pol. Jkrchat'i, Boh. Jkn^c, Dan.] to make a (hrill or hoa'fe noifc like that of a perfon terrified, or like that of a rully hinge. SCREAK, S. \Jkkrh, Pol. /hrcht, Boh.] a Chrill noife made by a perfon on the fight of fomething terrifying See Scresck. To SCREAM, V. N. [hrar.an. Sax \ to cry out with a flirill voice in terror oi agony. SCREAM, S. a fhiiU loud cry made by i perfon in terror or pain. To SCREECH, V, N. [fee Scr -/.::. Jkrakia, Id.] to litter a loud, flirill cry, v. he;-; in terror or agony. SCREECH, S. cry of horror and ar.guiik ; harfh horrid cry. SCREEN, S. [(•/.■rj», Fr.Janythvno tl-..vl affords fliclter or concealment, or is ufcd to exclude cold or light. To SCREEN, V. A. to (helter, l;ide, os conceal ; followed hv from. SCREW, S, \fcroe-vc,, l&e\z. '/f/o.v,' Fr,] a cylinder having a fpiral edge, UitUin ;>icic;i'^ and fadening timber. <>2S 3 - SCR To SCREW, V. A. to tiirii by, or fjacn with a {crew. To deform by contortions, applied to the face. To Iqiiecze or preis. lo extort. To SCRI'EBLE, V, N. {j'crMh, Lat.l ro w/ite in a carelefs and in'correcl manner. To fill with carelefs writing. SCRIBBLL., S. catelefsorworthlefs writ- ing. SCRi'BBLER, S. a mean petty author j an iuthorofno met it. SCRIBE, S. [Fr. fcnha, Lat.j a writiT. A public notary. In I'cripture, a perfon /killed in t!ie Jewilhlaw, and employed in tranfcib- ing it for the ufe ot others s c u SCRl.*' TABLE, Adj. [fiom fat. tsr, Ut] difcovcraMc by enquiry. SCtlU'TATlON, S. [fcrutor, Lat.j fcarch ; examinution ; enquiry. SCRUTA'TOR, S. \fa:utateur, Fr. from fcrutor. Lit.] enquirer; fcarcher; examiner. SCRUTINOUS, Adj. captious j full or enquiries. SCRU'TINY, S. IJcnitimum, Lat.] a nice, exaft, and fcrupulous fearch, examinatioDj or enquiry. lo SCRU'TINIZE, or SCRUTINY, V. A. to fearch or examine with exacVnefs. SCRUTOI'RE, S. [from j'critoire, or c/cn- toirc, Fr.] a cafe containing drawers for SCAI'jMER, S. [Fr.J ufed hy Shaicfpeare\ ^x■Imr\gs. for a gladiator. j To SCUD, V. S. [fquhlhe, lta.1. J^urfa, SCRINE, S. a coffer or chelT. j Swed. fuacr, Ill.j to fiy or run away in a SCRIP, S. [yJ-j/)^.!, in.] a fniall bag, or (hurry, fatchel Afmail piece ui paper, or writing j To SCU'DDLE, V. N. to run with an from fcrlbtio, Lat. ; affcfted hade. SCRI'PrURAL, S. [from fcripture] con-j SCj't'FLE, S. [derived by Skinner from taineJ in the 0\i or New TcfUmcnt. \fi"'ffl'^ aconfufed tumult or broil, SCRI'PTURE, S. \jcnptura, Lat.] thei To SCU'FFLE, V. A. lo fight in a con- Bible, or fylteni of divine truth contained in fufed and tumultuous manner, the Old or Ne.v Teftament, fo named by wayj To SCULK, V. N. [Jkulke, Dan.] to lurk ot cmmencc. SCRI'VENER, S. [fcrli-ano, Ital.] one who draws contrafts, or deals in convey- ancing. or lie clcfe in hiding places. SCU'LKER, S. one who conceals himfelf through Ihame or mifchief. SCULL, S. \pJj, Ifl.] the bone which SCROTULA, S. from [/rrs/Ij, Lat.] the j defends and inclu.ks the br.dn. Afmallboatj k'Ug'sevil. s'CRO'FULOUS, Adj. refembling, or of the n.^ture of the king's evil. SCROLL, S. [ejc-ou, Fr.] a writing rolled up into a cylindrical fiiape. SCROTOCE'LE, S. \ fcr-.tum, Lat. and xr.xh, Gr.] a rupture ot the fcrotum. SCROTUM, S. [Lat.j the b.ig wherein the teflic'es of the male arc contained, coci- pofcd of two membranes, excluiive of a fcarf Ikin. To ?CRUB, V. A. \ fchrobhctt, Belg.] to rub hard with fomethin^; coarfe. SCRUB, S. a mem or bafe perfon thing mean or deiJ3ica!)ic one who rov.'s in a fniall boat. SCU'LLCAP, S. a head piere. SCU'LLER, S. [fiiola, 1(1. J a boat which has but one rower. One that rows a fmall boat. SCU'LLER Y, S. a place where kettles or difhes arc cleaned and kept. SCU'LLION, S. [cjcudlie, Fr.] a perfon who w.ifhcs the difhes and does the other drudgery of a kitchen. To SCULP, V. A. [ jW/5, Lat.j to carve; to engrave. I SCU'LPTILE, Adj. [[culttilh, Lat ] made Any, by carving. 'sCU'PLrOR, S \fculf>tcr, Lat. fc-Jficur^ SCRU'SBED, or SCRU'BBY, Adj. [fcni-\ Fr.]one who cuts or carves wood or ftone. ^tV, Dan.] mean ; vile; worthlds. i SCU'LPTURE, S. [Fr. fcu/fitura, Lat.] SCRUTLE, S. \fn-upi<ie, Fr. fcruf>ufbs,\ the art of carving wood or ftone; carved Lat.j a dmibt or difSculty, whicli ihc mind I work ; the art of engraving. Cannot re'blve. In medicine, u weight con-) SCUM, S. [eUume, Yt. jYiama, Jt&l. Jixvmj taining 20 gntins, I Dan. fchi^m, Hclg] tiie froth which rifcson ToSCRU'h'LE, V. N. todonbt or hefitale. I the top of any liquor ; the drofs, or that part SCRUPULO'SITY, S. nice and exccfllve of filth wJ)ich fwimson the top of any liquid e;uiion, or doubtfulncls. Far of a<ning in or metal in fuflon. any thing which may chance to give offjnce, j To SCUM, V. A. to take off the filth vt may contradict fame precept. 1 which rifes to the top of any liquor when SCRUTUl-Ol-S, Adj. [joupukux, Fr. j boiling, <ommoniy pronounced y«;;«. /".-rK^i/Zifc, Lat.j afraid to do, or comply for j SCU'.MMcR, S. [cfni>Koh\ Fr.] a vefTel Ycir of violating imy precept, or of hazarding ! or inflrument with which fiitli, &c. i.s taken -any lofs or danger. I from the top of anv liquor; pronowiced SCRL"?UL0LS::ESS, S. the ftate of be- ;yZ,V,-«f r, ing fcriipulou.^. | S JU'PPEri HOLES, S. [/t-Z^;><rr, Belg.] To SCRUSE, V. A. to Iqueczs j to ', fmall holps on the deck of a veflel, through «-owd. . which water is cairicJ iato the lea. i SCURFA, SEA SCURF, S. [fcurf, ?,a\.Ji,>rfay IQl a kJnd of miliary fcab ; a foil or filth (licking on tlie Airface. SCU'RFINESS, S. the flate of being fciirfy. SCU'RRIL, Adj. low; mean; abiifive. SCURRI'LITY, S. f /-//m ;>/, Fr. /f«r- r'tlitas, Lat.J reproacij exprefied in grofs terms. SCa'RRILOUS, Adj. [fcun-iUh, Lat.] ufing lo'.v, mean, and vile reproaches. SCU'RVY, S. [fee Scurf] a diftemper wherein red itching blotches, and fometimes livid ones, appear on the Ikin. SCU'RVY, Adj. [from few/] covered with fcabb j afiecled with the Icuryy ; vile or bafc. SCUT, S. [Jk-jt, in.] a tall, applied to fuch animals whofe tails are very (hort, as a hare. SCU'TAGE, S.\fcutum, hat. /ciMjifmg, Sax, i c. /hield-moncyj a tax granted to Henry III. for his expedition to the Holy Land. SCU'TCHEON, S. [feucdoni, Ital. from fc:/fum, Lat.J the ihield or bearing of a family in heraldry. SCU'TIFORM, Adj. \fctiuformh, Lat.] flwped like a (hield. SCUTTLE, S. [faaclla, Lat. fcutcH, Celt.] a wide (hallow veliel, fo called from a di(h or platter, which it refemblcs. A fmall grate ; a quick pace ; an atfc<fted hurry in walking, from j'cuH. In a (hip the fmall holes cut for padage from one deck to another, or the wimlows cut in cabbins for the fake of light. To SCU'TTLE, V. N. to run with an afTeifted hurry. SEA, S. \ fa. Sax. fee, or xts, Belg. xau, Vp.xi.ficc, and .Y9i, Urm. z.ea, Span.] the wa- ter, oppofed to land. A particular part of the ocean. Figuratively, any thing agitated «r in commotion ; "A troubled /t^j of paf- " fion." Milt. SEA-BREEZE, the fea SE'A-CALF, S. S. a wind blowing from the fea), fo called from the its making a noife like a calf. SE'A-CHART, S. a map on which coafts of the fea are delineated. SE'A-COAL, S. a coal fo called becaufe conveyed by the fea. SE'A-COAST, S. a ihore ; or land which borders on the fea. SE'A-COMrASS, S. the inltrument by which mariners (leer iheir veflels. SE'A-i"0\V, s. the manatee, a cetacioiis animal, about 15 feet long, and 7 or 8 in j o"f, to nc^jiiire by fccking. Ni-iiteily, to circumference. make enquiiy ; to cry to find ; followed by SEAFA'RER, S. one that travels by fea. \for or aftey. SEAFA'RING. Adj. ufed to the fea; SE.'\RCH, S. enquiry 3 examination; pur., travelling by fea. fult ; atl of feeking. SE'Ai'IGiiT, S. a battle fought cp the SEARCHl-R, b. an enquirer, Onewh* ^a, I fecks after any thing hid or unknown. » CggV An SEA , SEA-GRF,EN, Adj. refembllng the co, lour of the fea. SE'AMAN, S. [plural /vw««;| a Gilor. SEA MARK, S. a point or mark in th? fea, which mariners make ufe of to direct their courfc by. SEA-PIECE, S. a pidurc reprefenting a profpecl of the fea. SEA-SICK, Adj. fick on board a ve(TL=l at fea ; a diforder attending people at the firlt going to fea. SEA-SURGEON, S. a furgeon employed on board a, fliip. SE'A-TERM, S. A word ufed by failors. SEAL, S. [Jeolc,fde, Sax. fed, Dm.felur, in.] the fea-calf. An indrument carved In creux, ufed in fa(!eBing letters, and affixed to writings as n tefHinony. The impreUion of a feal in wax, or on a wafer. To SEAL, V. A. to clofe, or faflen, to con(irm or atteft with a feal. To ratify. 1 o lliiu or clofe, followed by up. To mark v\ith a (lamp. Ncuterly, to fix a feal, followed by unto, SEA'LER, S. he that feals. SE'ALING WAX, S. a compofition ufed in fadening or clofing letters. SEAM, S. [Sax. :<:oom, Belg ] the edge of cloth where two pieces are joined together. The juncture of the planks in a (liip. A fear. A meafure, from_/Iw7«, Sax. a load. To SEAM, V. A. to join the edges of two pieces of cloth, or to fadcn the edges of two pieces of timber together. To mark with a fear. SEA'MLESS, Adj. having no vifible join- ing. SEA'MSTRESS, S. { feamjire, SaK.] a woman who lives by making linen, and fewing. SEAN, S, [ffgne. Sax, feine, ¥r. ffigfna, Lat.] a very large net ufed to catch ifilh in the fea, made like a drag net, but Jbniciimes without a cod, 200 fathoms in length, and from 2 to 6 fathoms in depth. SEAR, Adj. [J'carian, Sax.] dry ; not green. To SEA'R, V. A. [fsan^riy Sax.] to bura or cauterize. SEA'RCLOTH, S. [farckth. Sax. from far. Sax. and clQih, Sax.j a plainer. ToSEARCE, V. A. [7#»-, Fr.J to fjft: finely, SEA'RCE, S. a fine ficve. To SEA'R CH, V. A. [chenher, Fr.] to examine into ; to look through ; to envjuire; to feck after fomething lod, hid, or un- known. Jn forgery, to probe. Ufed with S EC S EC An officer, in London, who e'tainincs \^-f\ who fupports oy maintains. In meafufing bodies of the dead, in order to det£<ft anyuimt, the fixtieth part of a minute. violence. SEA'SON, S. lfti:fo>i, Fr.] one of the] four parts of .the year. A particular time or period of time. A fit time. A fmall fpace ©f time. That which gives a rchlh to food ; irom the verb. To SEA'SON, V. A. Up'fomer, Fr ] to mix food with any thing that gives it a relilh. To give a relidi to. To qualify by blending fomething elfe. To fit for any nfe by time or habit. Neuterly, to become fit for any I marily, or originally purpofe. SRCOND-SIGH- SEA'SONABLE, Adj. done at a proper cime. Convenient or proper with refpeft to time. SEA'SONABLENESS, S. propriety with rcfpecl to lime. SEA'SONER, S. one who feafons or re- lifhes any thing. SEA'SONING, S. that which is added to any thing to qualify it, or give it a relilh. SEAT, S. \Jital, Goth, feto!, Sax./m, old Tcut.] a chair, bene!-, or any thing which fupports a perfon when fitting : A chair of Hate. Figuratively, a po(t of authority Refidcnce or abode. Situation. To SEA'T, V. A. [fee the noun] to place on a feat. To place in a port of authority. To fix or fettle in any place. To place in a firm manner. SEA'WARD, Adj. towards the fcq. SE'CANT, S. [fccantt, Fr. fccans, Lat.] in geometry, the right line drawn from the centre of a circle, cutting and meeting with another line called the tangent with- 1 opt it. To SECE'DE. V. N. [ f.-ceJo, Lat.] to withdraw, or rcfufe anbci-ttirig in an affair. SECE'DER, S. one who fliews his difap- frohation by withdrawing. To SECE RN, V. A, f/^wwo, Lat.] to feparate finer from grofter matter. To make fi reparation of juices in the body. SECE'SSION, S. {fn-cjfto, Lat.] the aft of departing. The att of withdrawing from coimcils or anions, ] SE'CLE, S. [/ft-«/«w, Lat.] a century. To SECLU'DE, V. A. [fedudo, Lat.] to confine from. To Ihut up frotn. To pxclude. SECLU'SION, S. the aft of confining. SE'CQND, Adj. [Fr. fecunduu It is ob- fervable that the Englifti, Goths, and Saxons Jiave no ordinal for two, as tlie Latins like, wife have none of duo. What the Latins. called fecurtJus from fcfuor, the French and JLnghfh call fecond^ x\\t.Go\.h% anther, OT an- tbara, arid thf Saxons /e otter, or (eftfr.-!, i, e. the other, or that which is after] the next in order to the firft ; inferior; next in value, or dignity. SE'COND, S. one who accompanies an- clbcr in a duel, to dircft or defend him. One To SECOND, V. A. to fupport, or main- tain. To follow in the next place. SE'COND-HAND, S. poffcfTfon of a thing which has been enjoyed by another before. SE'COND-HAND, Adj. applied to know- ledge, implicit, or borrowed from another. Applied to drefj, worn, or laid afide by an- other. At fecand-hand, implies in imitation ; borrowed, or tranfmitted, oppofed to pri- SE'COND-SIGHTED, Adj. having the power of feeing things future.- SE'COND-SJGHl, S. the power of fee- ing things future. SE'CONDARILY, Adv. infecond degree, or order. SE'CONDARY, Adj. [feccndarhn, Lat.] not the chief, not tiie primary, or firlt. Aft- ing by commifTion. AJecondary fever, is that which arifes after a crifis. SE'CONDARY, S. a delegate ; a deputy. SE'CONDLY, Adv. in the fecond place. SE'COND-RAIE, S. fecond in order, dignity, or value. Ufed in converfation, for one of the fecond order. SE'CRECY, S. [from fecret] the ftate of being concealed, or hidden. Solitude. The quality of preferving from difcovcry. Clofe filence. SECRET, Adj. [Fr. fecretui, Lat.] kept hidden, or undifcovered. Unfeen. Faithful in keeping any thing from difcovery. Un- known. Privy. SE'CRET, S. fomething kept from public notice, or knowledge. A thing unknown. Privacy. SE'CRETARY, S. [fecretairc, Fr.] one intruded with the management of public bu- fintfs. One who writes for another. To SECRE'TE, V. A. [fccretus, Lat.] to put afide, or hide. To feparate. SECRE'TION, S. in medicine, the aft of fcparating the various fluids of the body. The fluids feparated. , SECRETl'TIOUS, Adj. parted by animal j fecretion. [ SE'CRETLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as not to be psblickly known. SE'CRETNESS, S. the quality of being hid, or of kcfpjng any thing revealed to ene from public notice. SECRE'TQR Y, Adj, pe^rforming the office of feparating the fluids. SECT, S. [Fr./^«j, Lat.]abodyofmeii following fome particular mailer, or adopting fome peculiar tenet. SE'CTARY, S. [fcaaije, Fr.] one who refufes to comply with the public eftabliOi- ment, and joins with others of an opinion contrary to it. SECTA'TOR, S. an imitator j adifciple; a follower. SE'CTIQK, S E D SEE SE*CTION, S. [Yv.fefih, Lat.]theaaj SEDULOUS, Adj. [/«/«/«», Lat.]jntctifc!y, of cutting or dividing. A pait. A (iwAl or i aiid conftantly iiiduftrioiis. aininifl part ot a writing or book. S^DULOUSNESS.S, induftry, diligence, SE'CTOR, S. an inltvument ufefuHn allj adidiiity. ihc pra.Qical parts ot" the nuiheipatics. I SF.E, S. [fcJes, Lit.] the feat or Jiftric\ of SE'CULAR, Adj. \ feai/ief, ¥1:. fecuhris, \iih\ihop. Lit.] relating to the aflliirs of the prcTeiit i To SKE, Y. A. [pieter. J/aw; part. pad. world, oppofed to f(iritiial or holy. lic\oiig- , fee >: ^ fcor, Sax.] 'I'o perceive by the eye jng to the laity. Happening once in an age, from J'ciulurK, Lai. an age. StCL'LA'RITY. s"! worldlinefs, or atten- tion to the things of the prcfent lite. To SE'CULARIZK, V. A. [ ftcu/tznfcr, Fr.] to convert from holy to common ufc. SE'CULARNESS, S. worldlincfs. SE'CUNDINE, S. [fccondinesjecomhs, Fr. j fccuruia; Lat ] the aftcr-hirth or membrane in which a foetus is wrapped. SE'CURE, Adj. \ jeiuritt, Lat.] free from fear, terror, or danger. Carelefs through confidence of being out of the reach of dan- ger. Safe. To SE U'RE, V. A. to niake certain, or put out of hazard. To make fafe, or place out of the reach of danger. To infure. To make faft. SE'CURITY, S. the ftate of being free from fear of danger. Wanf of care from too rigi:ratively, to ohferve or find. Neuteijy, to have the fvnfe of fight To difcttn, fo as to be ftce from deceit, followed by SEE, Interj. [the imperative of /i;-] ob- ferve ! behold ! SEED, S.f/rf'^,?ax./f.^,Dan./W, Bclg.] the pr6du<rtuf a plant from w hence new plants are produced. An original or firft principle, Progeny, race, or offspring. In m-.-dicine, the thiid by which the fpecies is propagated. To SEED, V. N. to produce feed. SEE'D PEARL, S. fmall grahis of pearl. SEE'D-PLOT, S. the ground on whicU plains are railed from feed. i)EE'D-TI V5E, S. the feafon of fowin^. SEE'DLING, S. a young plant raifed from feed. SEE'DY, Adj. abounding with feed. SEE'ING, S. the faculty of perceiving by grsat a cpnfidence of fafcty. Any thing given Uhe eye?, as a pledge. A perfon bound for another 5 i SEE'ING, or SEE'ING THAT, Adv. fafety, or certainty. fincc. It being fo tjiat. SEDA'N, S. [j'edeBs, Lat.] a kind of car- To SEEK, V. A. [pret. and part. pafT. riage, conveyed by means of poles by two \f'j:igi.t ; j'odgun, Goth.] to look or fearch for» men. To endeavour to gain or find. Neuterly, to SEDATE, A'^jr Ifcdatus, Lat.] calm ; make fearch or enquiry. To endeavour. To Hnrulfled. make the object of purluit, followed by SEDA'TENESS, S. a difpofiiion pf mind L3/7<.r. To Jeeh, is an adverbial exprefHon, fjrsefrom diflurbance. implying at a lofs, or wjthout expedience or SE'DENTARY, Adj. [/t(i<.wa;»T,Fr. A'- experience. dentario, Ital. from /li/c'/.'i, Lat.] palled in fit- SEE'KER, S. one that feeks, or inquires, ting flill, or without motion and aftion. In- To SEEL, V. A. [ fiolLv, Fr. ceh, Lat.] a£f ive or l|uggilh. in falconry, to clofe the eyes. Neuterly ap- SE'DENIARINESS, S. the flate of being plied to veflils, to lean on one fide, from fedentary. l/>//^«, Sax. SE'DGE, S, \fig(, Aiu). fJTcc^g, Sax.] a fiag, j SEE'LY, Adj. lucky ; foolifh ; fimple. ' of the growth of Hjgs. I To SEEM, V.N. [zi^iin>!, Tcut. fien, SE'DGY, Adj. overgrown with flags. j Belg./cwi/tr, Fr.] to look alike, appear, or SE'DIMENT, S. [Fr. feiUmcntum. Lat.] . have the appearance of. It f ami, fignifies that which Aibfides or fettle.'- at the bottom. I liKit there is an appearance only, wjthouc SE'DITION, S. [Fr./fJ/m, Lat.] A lu- reality, and at other times it is fynonin\ous mult, or infurrecftion. A tumultuous aflcm- to /»/7bof;b. hly in order to fubvert an eftablilhed govern- | SEEMER, S. one that carries an appear- niei't. lance. SEDl'TIOUS, Adj. [fc<i]tUux,Yv.Jedltlo- ' /ks, Lat.] turbulent; lumultuoufiy factious. To SEDU'CE, V. A. [jcduco, Lat.] t-o draw afide from the right. SEDU'CEMENT, S. means ufed to draw from the right. SEDU'CER, S. a tempter ; a corrupter. SEDU'CIBLE:, Adj. corruptible. SEDU'C riON, S. the aft of drawing slide from the ri'^ht. SEDU'LITV, S. [fcdullia; Lat.]intenfe- n?fs ai^d alTiduity of labovr. ...••;• SEE'MING, S. fhow. External or fair appearance. Qpinion. SEE'MLINESS, S. comelincfsi grace of appearance. , " , SEE'MLY, Adj. [fo!,n:meUg^i,Tyzx\. x.hm- Uch, Teut.] decent. Becoming'j' proper or graceful. I SEEN, Adj. fkilled. «' Aydl u:r, In mu- ■" ^ic\.:' Shakf. -■■■■'■ — SEEN, part, pafliofyif. . SE'ER one who YcVctivc^ objt-fls by the fight. Oiic who laii forcfvc i'ljtuic evtati, To S E L To SEE'-SAW, V. A. to move iip and io'vn alternately. SE£'-SA\V', S. a reciprocating motion. To SEhlTH, V, A. [prefer. //3^, or fictb- ed. part, pad." fodder;, from fcoden, Sax.] to prepare hy hot or boiling water. To boil. To flcep in hot water till all its virtues are lo(l. Neuterly, to boil or be iiot. SEE'THER, S. a boiler; a pot. SE'«MENr, S. [fegmemum, Lat.] a fi- gure contained between a chord and an arch of the circle, or (o much of the circle as is cut o!f bvthat chord. SE'GNITY, S. [immjcgnl:, Lat.] flug- jilhnels ; inaflivitv. To SEGREGATE, V. A. [/^q-r^^s, Lat.] to fet.apart ; to fsparate from others. SEGREGA'TJON. S. [from fegrcgate] reparation from others. SEl'GNIOR, or SEI'GNIOUR, S. [fe- r.i:r, Lat. fci^neur, Fr. I a lord. SET GNlbRY,S. \figmurie, Fr.]alordlhip SEEN, S. [figie. Sua. fane, fc>i>:c, Fr.} fee Sean. To SEIZE, V. A. [fii/Ir, Fr.] to hold fad hy a fudJcn effort. To take forcible poiTciTion of by law. To have in one's poflefTion. Neuterly, to fix one's grafp on any thini?. • SEl'ZIiSr, S. f/j//?;;^ Fr.] the aa of tak- ing pfinefiiun. Any thing poiTcfTcd. SEN SE'LVAGES, <?. [according to Skinircr from fa!vagf, becaufe it faves the cloth] the edge of cloth, efpcciallv of linen. SELVES, plural of Self. SE'MBLABLE, Adj. [Fr.J like. " His ^^femblabL; yea himfelf." ShakJ. Oblblcte SE'MI? LANCE, S. [Fr.] Iikenc6. Rc- femhhiice. Appearance or fliow. SE'MEM, b. [Lat.] feed or grain j the feed of animals or vegetables. SE'MI, S. [Lat.] a word ufed in compofi- tion, and fignifying half. SE'.MIBREF, S. Ifemlbreve, Fr.] a note in mufic relating to time. Sr-MICrRCLE, S. [Jcmidrcuhs, Lat.] a half round j part of a circle divided by tlx« diameter. SEMICO'LON, S. [/,«/• and x3x«] a point made thus [;J to note a greater pau£e than that of a cnmma. SEMIDI AMMETER, S^\fem] and djame>, nv] half the line, which, drawn through the- center of a circle, divides into two equal parf;. SEMILU'NAR. SEMILU'NARY, AJj: [femiluiiuin, PV.j refcmbling in form ahcif moon. SEMINA'LITY, S. [from far.er, Lat.j the nature of feed. .The power of beii»£ produced. SE'MINAL, Adj. [Tx.fiwtn, femlnh, Lat. J SEI'ZURE, S, the art of feizing. The I belonging to feed. Contained in the ktA, thing feized. PoflclTion ; gripe. The a£t of Radical taking forcible polTcflion of. SE'LDOM, Adv. [fuppofed to be con- tra(fljd irom fcldcen, or fcld. Sax.] not fre- quently or often ; rarely. ToSELE'Cr, V. A. [fekSIus, Lat.] to chufe by way of preference from others. SELE'CT, Adj. chofen from: others account of fuperior excellence. SKLE'CTION, S. [Lat.] the aft of chonfinp. SELE'NOGRAPHY, S. [j-iX^v), and yiai-j}, Gr.] a defcription of the moon. ' SELF, Pron. [V\\xrA, fd-ve: ; Jljba, Goth. fy!f. Sax.] when ufed as an adjeftive, it fig- iiifies very or identical. " That fc'f way." SE'MINARY, .S. \feminaire,¥r.] the ground on which any thing is fown. Th« fpot from u hence any thing is brought. A place of education, SEMINATION, S. \irom Jemltto, Lat.J the ad of fo wing. SEMINI'FICK,orSEMINI'FICAL,Ad>, [femen and f-rch, Lat.] produftive of feed. SEMIFL'DAL, Adj. [fcKi and fedis, Lit.] contuinini^ half a foot. SEIVirQ_UA'VER, S. in mufic, a note containing half the quantity of a quaver. SEMISPHE'RICAL, Adj. belonging to half a fphere. SEMITE'RTI AN, S. an ague compound- .SJ\}kcf. It is frequently united to the perfona! ed of a tertiar, and a quotidian, pronouns, and then implies a reciprocation, SE'MI-VOWEL, S. A conjfonant which •■■nd {.■: co'iipounJed not only with adjcftives i makes an imperfeifl found, and fubl'lantives, but when united with w^, I SEMPITE'RNAL, Adj. [fempifurnus, •m, and tkem, tiiough contrary to analogy, is Lat.] continual ; perpetual ; without duration. ufed as a nominative SE'LFISH, Adj. attentive to one's own intercd: with abfolute difregard of others. Mercenary. SE'LFISIINESS, S. attention to his own intereft without any regard toothers. SE'LF-SHAME, Adj. the very fame. .SELL, S. \fc!U, Yr.feUa, Lat.j a faddle. To SELL, V. A. [prtt. and part. pafK SE'MPSTRESS, S. [fcawjhre, Sax.] fee Seam.^tr ess. SE'NARY, Adj, [fen.vms, Lat.] con- fiflinq of fix. SE'.VATE. S. [f;:at,Tr.fna:us, Lat.] an aflerably of couniellors, or of men met to- gether to enac't laws, and debate on matters whicli relpeft the (fate. SE'NATE-HOUSE, S. a place where a fold; [y/lar:, Sax.) to difpofc of any thing for public council meets. nioneV. Neuterly, to carry on trade. SE'NAIOR, S. { jenatory Lat. fnatetir^ SE'LLER, S, the perfon tliat fells; aJFr.] one that fits in a public council, vender. ' SENA 1 0'RIAIo SEN SENATO'RIAL, or SENATO'RIAN, Ad'}, belonging to the fenate. To SEND, V. A. [prct, and part. pafT. j^nt; fandgan, Goth. fcnJa^i, Sax.] to difpatcli from one place to another. To comniilllon to go to another. To emit, inflid, or grant from adidantpkce. To diirufe. To let fly, c;ift or (hoot. Neutcrly, to deliver or dif- patcli a mefliige ; followed by for, to defne a perfon to come by a meilcnger ; to caufe to be brought by another. SENE'SCENCE, S. [jhiefco, Lat.j the ftate of growing old. SE'NESCHAL, 8. [Fr.] a perfon who formerly had the care of entertainments in great houfes. SE'NILE, Adj. [fieUis, Lat.] belonging to old age. SE'NIOR, S. [Lat.] one older than, or born before another. An aged perfon. SENiCyRITY, S. the <iu3Uty of being horn before another. SE'NNIGHT, S. [contra&d for fewn- rigtt] a week. SENSA'TION, S the fenfes. SEP A branch of a penoJ-m a few words, writing. To SE'NTENCE, V. A. [ fattenckr, Fr.] Topafs the laft judgment. To condemn. SENTE'NTIOUS, Adj. [ftntenckux, Fr.] abounding with Ihort periods, or moral maxims. SEN TE'NTIOUSNESS, S. ths quality of abounding in pithy fentences. SE'NTERY, S. [commonly written and pronounced [entry, corrupted from fcnt'mel'^ one fet to watch m a garrifon or the outlines of an army. SE'NTIMENT, S. [Fr.] an idea or no- tion. Scnfe, confidered diftimfHy from lan- guage. A ftriking fentence in compolition. SE'NTINEL, S. [fcmincile, Fr.j a foldier who watches to prevent furprize. SE'NTRY, S. [cQi-rupted from fentml} fee Sinter Y. SEPARABILITY, S. [from feparalk'] the quality of admitting its parts to be brokea or difunited. SE'PARABLE, Adj. [Yr. fcparabHh, Lat.] [Fr.]3 perception by 'capable of having the union of its ^arts bro- ken, or disjoined. SENSE, S. [fern, Fr. fcnjus, Lat.] the fa. I To SE'PARATE, V. A. [fcparatus, Lat.] culty or power by which we perceive external , to break or divide the parts from each other, objeinj. Figuratively, apprehenfion, applied ! To fever from the reft. To fet apart. To to the mind. Underllanding- Re.ifon, or ' withdraw ; ufed with /j-owj. Neuterly, to part leafonable meaning. Opinion. Confcioufnefs. Moral perception. Meaning. SE'NSELESS, Adj. void of life, percep- tion, reafon, unJerftandins;, or pity. SENSIBI'LITY, S, \jhifibi!ite\ Fr.J quicknefs of fenfation or perception. SE'NSIBLE, Adj. [finfibihs, Lat.] hav- ing the power of perceiving bythefenfcs. AtfeiQcd by good or ill, by arguments or pity. Rcafonable or judicious. SE'NSITIVE, Adj. having fenfc or per- ception. SE'NSITIVE Plant, S. among botanifls, fpecies of plant, the leaves and flowers ot' from or quit. To be difanited. SE'PARATE, Adj. [fiparatus,h3X.'\ di- vided from the reft. Difunited from the other parts. Difengaged orabftra£ted. Apart. SEPARATELY, Adv. apart ; fingly. SEPARA'TION, S. \Yt. Jeparatk, Lat.] the ad of breaking the union between parts. Difunion. Divorce, applied to marriage, or a ftate wherein the two parties do not live to- gether. SE'PARATIST, S. one who quits the communion of the church. SEPOSI'TiON, S. [Jepo7to, Lat.] the aft of fetting alide or apart. SEPT, S. [from fef-tum, Lat.] is ufed in which contracft themfelves when touched, as if fenfible of the contaO ; but expand and icompofition, and fignifies feven floHii(h .igain.asfoon as thchand isremoved. I SEPTE'MBER, S. [Lat.] the ninth SENSO'RIUM, or SE'NSORY, S. [Lat.] month of the year; the feventh from March. that part wherein the f.nfes tranfmjt their notices or perceptions to the mind. The feat of fcnfe. An organ of fenfation. SE'NSUAL, Ad], [finfud, Fr.] confifting in or depending on, fenfe. Pleafmg the fenfes. Carnal, oppofed toipiritual. Devoted to fenfe. Lewd. SENSUA'LIT\% S. the quality of being lewd or devoted to corporal pieufutcs. ToSE'NSUALIZE, V. A. to plunge in fenfual pleafures, or to fubjed the mind to the fenfes. SE/NSUOUS, Adj. tender; pathetic. SENT, the participle patTive of Send. SE'NTENCE, S. [¥v. Jctuenua, Lat.] the SEPTENARY, Adj. [feptemrw, Lat.] confifting of feven, SEPTE'NNIAL, M].[feptennh, Lat.]laft- ing feven years. Happeningonce in feven years. SEPTt'NTRION, S. [Fr.] the north. SE'PTIC, or SE'PTICAL, Adj. [crmFu- jccf , Gr.] in medicine, having the power to produce or increafe putrefadion , SEPTUA'GENARY, Adj. [Lat.] confift- ing of feventy. SEPTUAGESI'MA, S. the third Snnday before the firfl Sunday in Lent ; fo called be- caafe it was about 70 days before Eafter. SE'PTUAGINT, S. [feptiun^hita, Lat.] the ancient Greek vcrfion of the old Tefta- ^etermination or dccifion of a judge. Doom.lment, fo called fri>m ihe fuppofition that it Amcral Jnllruitioa or ma.\im, delivered in ' was the work of jcvauy tldcrs. j SE'PTULE, {?. S E R SEPTUPLE, Adj. \ffftuplcx\ Lat.] I'tven j times as much. SEPU'LCHRAL, Adj. [fcpukbral, Fr. khraln, Lat.] belonging to a funeral or the grave. _ SEPU'LCHRE, S. [(cpuki>re, Fr. fcpul- chrum, Lat.] the cavity in which a dead body IS interred. A grave or monument. ToSE'PULCHRE, V. A. [accented on the fecond fyllable by Shakefpeare and Mil- ton ; but by Johnfon and Prior on the firftj to bury. SE'PULTURE, S. [Fr. fepultura, Lat. J burial. SEQJJA'CIOUS, Adj. [fcquax, fcquach, Lat.] following or attendant. SE'QUEL, S. [fcquc!le,¥r.fequela, Lat.] S E R SE'RJEANT, S. Iff^cr.^, Fr. f^r^etrtr, ital.J an officer who attends on, or executes the orders of magidrates. A petty officer in the army A lawyer of ihehigheft rank un- der a judge. SE'RIES, S. fl.at.] an order wherein things regularly follow and are conned^ed with each other. A courfc or fuccelTion. SE'RIOUS, Adj. [jc-hux, YT.fcriu!, Lat.] grave or filemn, oppofcd to levity. In eani- elt, oppofed to jeft. SERMOCI'NATION, S. [Lat.] the aft or praftice of holding long difcourfcs- . SE'RMON, S. [Fr. fcrv.o, Lat.] a dif- courfe written or fpoken on forrrc text for the inftrudioti of the people. SERO'CITY, S. [ferofiu\'Ex.'\zV[Aaox the conclufron or fuccecding part. An event, j watery pait of the blood. A confequence or inference. I SE'ROUS, Adj. [/crfuY, Fr./tr;/u;, Lat.] SE'QUENCE, S. \ j'equem, Lat.] order of thin or watery, applied to the blood. fucceflion. Series. In gaming, cards which follow one another in arithmetical order^ as 3.4,5- SE'QUENT, Adj. [fqucvs, Lat.] follow- ing ; confequential. ToSEQUE'STER, V. A. ffcjurjjcr, Tr. fecrejiar. Span.] to quit the fociety of others for the fake of privacy. To put afide or re- move. To withdraw. To deprive the owner of the ufe, property, or poffelTion. ToSEt^E'STRATE, V.N. to fcparate from company. Ufed with yVwr. SEQUESTRATION, S. [Fr.l retire- ment. Difunion. The (late of being fet afide. Deprivation of the poflcffion, ufe, or profits. SERA'GLIO, S. [Perf. pronounced fcra- K->,'\ the palace of a lord or great perfon in Turkey or Perfia. Figuratively, a hoKfe of lewd women. SE'RAPH, S.^Heb.] one of the orders of angels ; fo named from the ardour of their devotions. SERA'PHIC, or SERA'PHICAL, S. \_J'crapb:juc, Fr.] angelic, or like a feraph. SE'RAPHIM, S.thc plural of Seraph. SERASfiyi'ER, S. a generalifllmo, or commander in chief of the '1 urkifh forces in Europe. SE'RE, Adj. [/i\?na?;,Sax.] dry or withered. SERENA'DE, S. Fr. [jcrenatu, Ital. ■<x\\tnct fcrenate in Milton, from fcrmus, Lat.] becaufe praftifed moQly in fair weather] mufic or fongs witlr which lovers entertain their miflrefles in the night. To SERENA'DE, V. A. to entertain with muficin tlie night. SERE'NE, Adj. [/m«, Fr. /m-wi, Lat.] ■without any diflurbance. Without clouds or rain, applied to the weather. SERENITY; SERE'NENESS, S. calm- nefs ; peace; cvennefs of temper; coolnefs of mind. SE'RGE, S. Ifo-^f, Tv,' xcrgs, Spn.] a kind of cloth. SE'RPENT, "S. [Jerpcvs, Lat.] an animal that has neither wings nor feet, and move."; on the ground like a worm. SE'RPENTINE, Adj. [f.rpentinut, Lat.] rcfcmbling a ferpent's winding. SE'RATED, orSE'RRATED, Adj. [//- ratus, Lat. j having indentures like the itctli of a fa w. SERRA'TION, S. \_fc,ra, Lat.] forirja- tion in tlie fliape of a faw. To SE'RRY, V. A. [ferrery Fr. ftrrata, Ital,] to prefs or drive clofe together. SE'RVANT, .S. [Fr. fo^jus, Lat.] on« who is hired and obedient to another. A word of civility, implying a readinefs of do- ing good to another. To SERVE, V. A. [jerwr, Yt. fert-io, Lat.] to attend ; to obey. To fupply wi;h food. To do bufinefs for another for hire. To fupply with any thing. To obey as a foldier. To promote. To ftand infteadof any thing, followed by for. In Divinity, tft worffiip. Neuterly, to act as a fervant. To be in fubje£lion. To attend. To produce the end defired. To fuit. To conduce. To officiate, or minifter. SE'RVICE, S. [f r. fcri-hium, Lat.] btw finefs done for hiie. The attendance of a fervant. Attendance on a fuperior. An ex- prcflion of refpeiff, intimating a being ready to alTIft, or to acknowledge fubjeclion. Obe- dience. Employment. Purpofe. Ufe. Ad- vantage. Favour. The public office of de- votion. A courfe or order of dirties. A paper of fweet-meats. SE'RVICEABLE, Adj. [ftrvllTahk, old. Fr.T profitable ; ufeful. A£live ; diligent. SE'RVILE, Adj. [fcr;i't', Yx.Jer-vUh, Lat.] flaviflj ; meanly fubmiiTivc, fawning, Oi;' crying. " ' - SE'RVILENESS, or SERVILITY, S,', bafe or mean fubmilTion and fibjeftion. Ths condition of a flave. Sfi'RVJTOR, S. {fa-vltcur^ Fr.-] a SET S E V ffivant. A pcrfcr. of the loweft criJer itn Ttil.] iing tiught to find gan^e^ and ftiow h file Linivcrfity, lb called bccjufc fcrving his 1 by laying down near it ^ • _ crcr PT n c r /-.,„/- fiipcriors SE'RVITUDE, S. fFr. /auir«s, Lat] I tilt ftatc ot a tlivc. Service. SE'RUM, S, [Lat.] the thin or watry part of any fluid. SK'SC^Ul, a word ufed in cotnpofition, lonowcd from ihc Latiu^ andficjKitying one and a half. . SK'SS, i ffor tijjcfs] a rate or tax. SP:'SSI0N, S. |tr./<^/e,I.al.] theaa of fjltlng. An afTembly of magiftrates, or fenu- tors. The time or fpace during which an aflcmhly fits withoutintermilTiou. A meeting of i lift ices. SE'STERCE, S. [Fr. Jcjicrtlum, Lat.J among the Romans, a fum about 81. is. and Sd. half-penny SLT TLF, S. [je:-oi. Sax] a feat or bench. To SETTLE, V. A. to place in a certain or fafe ftate after calamity, or diftiirbance. To fix in anyplace or way of life. To free from ambiguity or doubt. To fix and make certain or unchangeable. To free from change of opinion. To make clofe. To fix infepa- rubiy or firongly, ufed with upon. To make the dregs or fcdimcnts of liquor fall to the bottom.. To put into a ftate of calmnefs. To people a country. Neuterly, to fink and con- tinue at the bottom. To fix one's abode. To chufe or fix a method of life. To reft or grow calm. To make a jointure for a wife. SE'TTLEMENT, S. the ad of fettling. The a(fl of giving po/Tcflion. A jointure To'SE'T, V. A. fpreter. and part paflive granted a wife. The dregs of liquors. A fat,fitagan, Goth. /<r//^n, Sax.] to pbce or .colony, or place where a colony is eftablifli- put in any fituation, condition or polture. ed To regulate or adjuft by fome rule. To fuit or fit with mufic. To plant. To interfper.'e, or mark. To fix or determine, i o place in view or purpofe, as an obje(ft, ufed with before. To ftake .-it play. To fix in metal. To bring to an edge by nibbing on a hone. Ufed witli /rgainji, to oppofe, or to alienate a pcrfuii's atjection from aiio'.her. To Jet apart, to neg!e<rt for a feafon, or referve for feme particular purpofe. Ufed with afuli, to reject, abrogate or omit for the prefent. To fit doivn, to mention in writing or to regifter; to fix, or eftablifh. To fc: forth, todilblay, explain, or place in order or fhew. Uled with t;;, or upon, to incite, or animate; to attack, or allault ; to employ in an affair. To jet out, to begin a difcourfe, or journey ; to adorn, or embellilh ; to raife or equip, applied to fleets or armies,. To fiiow, difplay, recommend or prove. Te fit up, to fiipply with money tor carrying on trade at firft. Neuterly, to fall below the horizon, applied to the fun, &fc. To be fixed. To.be extinguiftied, or unable to fee, applied to ilic eye;. To fct mufick to woids. To c:Ltrh birds by a dog, that lies down and difcovcrs them. S^T, fartliip/e, regular ; not loofe or care- Icfs, SET, S. a number of things Aiiting each other, and nerefTary to form a whole. Any .thing put into the ground for growth. A vvagi-i .it dice. A game j a fufficicnt nuni- .ber of pcrfons to play a game. SE TA'CEOUS, Adj. [ jka, Lat.] briftly ; fet 'Aith ftrong hairs. SKTON', S. [Fr. horn faa, Lat.] in fur gery, the ftate of a wound when the fkin i.s taken up by a needle, and kept open by :i iwift of hair or filk that the humours may vent themfelvfs. ' ' SF.TT'EE, .S. [fti!, Sax..] aUrgebng feat with a back. SE'VEN, Adj. [formerly rpe\t,feawn,{rom filun, Goih.feafoii, Sax.] confifling of four and three, or one more than fix. SE'VENFOLD, Aij. [feafon, f^yk, Sax.] repeated, or folded fcven times. SE'VENNIGHT, S. [f-vcn and nJght] a week ; the time from one day of the week tc> the next day of the fame denomination preceding or folUwing. It happened oa Monday wasfe'vennigbt, that is, on the Monday before hif Monday ; it will be doneon Monday fcienn-ghty that \S, on the Monday after next Monday. SE'VEN-SCORE, S. feven times 20, or 140. ; SE'VENTEEN, Adj. [feafon tyne. Sax. from feafon. Sax. {t\tn and tyn, Sax. tcnj confifting of feven and ten. SE'VEN TEENTH, Adj. { fesfofitcetba,. Sax.] the ordinal of feveHteen, the next after the fixteenth. SE'VENTH, Adj. [fecfotla. Sax.] the next in order to the fixth. Seventh day, ufed by the quakers for Saturday. The fc-jei:ib m:nth, ufed by the fame fec^ for July. ^ SE'VENTIETH, Adj. [hundfeofontigctia^ Sax.] the tenth, feven times repeated. SEVENTY, Adj. [fbuntiguv, Goth. kurfecf:r:dtig. Sax. ftavaiibi. Run.] fevea times ten. ,.j To SE'VER, V. A. {ft-vrzr, Fr.] to pnrt from the reft by force. To diftinguiih, fa- parate, or put into different orders or places. To keep diftinft or apait. Neuterly, to make a reparation or diftim^ion j followed by be- SE'VERAL, Adj. unlike each other ; divers 1 many, generally applied to any nunj.- ber more than two. Particular or iingle ; diAinO. SE'VERAL, S. a ftate of feparaticn. F.art particular taken fiajly, jjen;raJly uftd in the :>!crrsl, SF/VF' S H A SE'VERANCE, S. reparation; partition.' SE'VERE, Adj. [Fr. fc-verus, Lat.] apt to blame, or punilh with rigour. Cruel. Sharp, applied to feafbn j clofc, cr concile, applied to language. SEVE'RITY, S. the quality of blaming or punifhing with rigour. Cruel treatment. SEVOCA'TION, S. [fcicco, Lat.] the art of calling afide. To SEW, V. A. [fuo, Lat.] to join or work with threads drawn through by a needle. Neuterly, to work with a needle and thread. To drain a pond of its filh. St-'WER, S. [ffc-jyer trancbant, Fr. ajeur, "Ft.] an officer wl)o ferves up a feafh A paflage for water to run through ; now cor- rupted to JJjcre, but derived iiom ifuc, or IffiiCr, One that ufes a needle ■■, from the verb. SEX, ?>.[jfxi, IcT.fexi/s, Lat. J that property by which any fpecies is diflinguifned into male and female. SEX, from the Latin is ufed in compofi- tion, and fignifies fix. SE'XAGENARY, Adj. [fex.^gir.arius, Lat.] aged fixty years. SEXAGESIMA, S. [Lat.] the fecond Sunday before Lent ; fo called, becaufc about the 6oth day before Eafter. SEXE'NNIAL, Adj. [fix and arma, Lat.] Jafting fix years ; hLippcning once in fix years SEX'TAIN, S. lirom/cxtam, fix, Lat.J a ftanza of fix lines. SE'XTILE, Adj. f/f.rri/;j, Lat-Jisapofi- fion or afpect of two planets, when 60 de- grees diftant, or at the diftance of two figns Irom one another. SE'XTON, S. [corrupted from fuc,-ifta>t'\ an under officer who digs graves ; fometimes applied to the perfon who opeas pews in a church. SEXTUPLE, Adj. [fixtuphs, Lat.] fix- fold. SHA'BBY, Adj. [Jkafy, Pol. fiaufy, Boh. Jko^, Sclav.J mean, with refpeifl to profc; paultry. SHA'BBINESS, S. meannefs; paultrinefs. To SHA'CKLE, V. A. [ [ccakeUn, Belg.l to chain, fetter, bind, or deprive of liberty. SHA'CKLES, S. [notufed in the fingular, fiacii!, Sax. ficackel, Belg.J chains for pri- ioners; fetters. SHADE, S. [fieJc, Sax. fihade, Belg.] theblacknefs made by intercepting the light ; darknefs. A place where the rays of the fun are excluded, i^ny thing which intercepts the light. Shelter. The parts of a piiflure. painted with dark colours. A colour, or gra- dation of colour. The figure formed by in- terception of light. A fpirit. The foul fe- parated from the body. To SHADE, V. A. to intercept the light ; to (belter or hide j to cover or fcrceu ; to mark with different gradation^ of colours 3 to paint in daik colours. S H A i SHA'DINESS, S. ffrom Jhady} the fiatff rof being fhady. SHADOW, S. ffiaJu, fcadu-we. Sax. JchadiiiL-e, Relg.] the reprefentation of a body I when the light is intercepted; darknefs'; ! (belter formed by intercepting the lighter theat; an obfcurc or dark place; tlie dark ; part of a piclnre ; a ghod, or any thing per- jceptible to the fii;ht ; an imperfeft or fdint ! reprefcntation ; favour or protertir>n. I _ To SHADOW, V. A. to ii^-rcept the j light ; to cloud or darken ; to conceal, hide, or fcrecn ; to protcrt ; to mark with various jgradations of colour or light; to paint in dark colours j to leprefcnt imperfc^ly or typically. I SH A'DO W Y, A d j . gloomy ; dark ; opakft Typical ; faintly reprefentativc. Unfubftaii- tial. SHA'DY, Adj. full of (bade; free from the glare of light or fultrin«fs of heat. SH.AFT, S. [ficaft, Sax.] an arrow ; a narrow, deep, and perpendicular pit, from P?aft, Belg. Any thing (trait, as the fpire of a lleeplc, &c. SHAG, S. [ficacga. Sax.] a kind of cloth or (luff, with a long, rough pile of wool or hair. SHA'GGED.or SH.VGGY, Adj. rugged, hairy, rough. SHA'GREEN, S. [chagrin, Fr.] the /kin, of a fi(h remarkably rough. To SHA'GREEN, V. A. [cbagiwer,Fi:] to irritate ; to provoke. To SHAKE, V. A. [prefer, yi&wi, part, pad. (haken or jijook \ fieacan. Sax. Jhsckan, Belg.J to put into a vibrating motion ; to move with quick returns backwards and for- wards ; to make to totter or tremble ; to throw down or off by a violent motion ; t«» drive from a refolution, or make afraid. 7s (hake hands, is to pay compliments at meet- ing, or to take leave ; To pjke off, to rid one's felf from ; to free from, or dived. Neuterly, to tremble or to be put into a tre- mulous motion ; to be in terror ; to totter. SHAKE, S. a tottering or tremulous motion. SHAKESPEAR, [William] was the fon of John Shakcfpear, and was born at Strat- ford upon Avon in Warwicklhirc, April 1564. His father, who was s confiderable dealer in wool, being incumbered with a large family of ten childicn, could afford to give his cldell: fon but a (lender education. He had bred him at a free-l'chool, where he acquired what Latin he was malicr of. However, our au^ thor's father was obliged to withdraw him eaily from fchool, in order to have his affil^- ance in liis own employment, towards fup- porting the reft of the ,f..mily. As to want of learning, Mr. Pope makes the following juft obfervation ; that there is certainly a vaft difference between learning and languages. How far he was ignorant of the latter, 1 can- not S HA S H A liot (fays be) cktermine; but it is plain lie ^ nor "by what means to fupport himfelf— At had much readins, at lea ft, if they will not that time coaches not being in ufc, and, as call it learning; nor is it any great matter it a man has knowledge, wj'.cthcr lie h.is it from one lanenage or from another. Notliing is more evident, than that he had a taftc tor natural philofophy, mcchunicr, ancient and Unodern hiftory, poetical learning and my- thology. We find him vei7 knowing in tlie cuftoms, ritis, and manners of the Romans. Jn Coriolanus and Julius Caefar, not only the fpirit, but manners of tiie Rcjoians, arc exa(fHy dra*n ; and dill a nicer didinftiiin is Jhcv\n between the manners of the Roniins in the former and the latter. We have tranflations gentlemen were nccullomed to ride to the pbyhoufe, Shakeipear, driven to the la!l necc(Tity, went to the piayhoufe door, and picking up rf little money by taking care of the gentlemen's horfes who came to the play, he became eminent even in that profeiTIon, snd was taken notice of for his diligence and Ikiil in it ; he had fcon more buiinefj than he himfelf could manage, and at laft hired boys under him, who were kno vn by the niime of Shakefpear's bov.^ ; fome of the players accidentally convening with him, found him fo acute, and mafler of fo fine a from Ovid, publilhed in his name, among converfation, that (Iruck therewith, they re- thofe poems which pafs for his, and for Tome i commended him to the houfe, in \Uiich he of which, we have undoubted aiuhority, be- 1 was firft admitted in a very low ftition ; but ing pubiilTied by himfelf, anddcdicatcd to thei he did not long remain fo, forhefoon diflin- ca.\l of Southampton. He appears alfo tojguiflicd himfelf, if not as an e^xtraordinnry have been convcrfant with Flaiitns, (rom ' atlor, at leaft as a fine writer. Hisname is whence he has taken the plot of one of hi? j printed, as the cudoni was in thofe times, plays: he follows the Greek authors, and i among!! thofe of the other player":, before particularly Dares Phrygius in another ; al- fom.e old plays, but without any par:icu!ar though I will not pretend, continues Mr. account of what fort of parts he ufcd to play ; Pope, to fay in what language he read them, j and Mr. Rowe fays, " Tl'at though he very Dr. Warburton has Ihongly contended for " carefully cnqured, he found the top of his Shukefpear's learning, and has produced iTj.iny " performance was the gholl: in his own imitations and parallel pallages with ancient i " Hamlet." " I fliould have been much authors. Upon his quitting the grammar-] " more pieafcd . continues Rowe, to have Ichrol he fcems to have entirely devoted j" learned from fome certain authority, which himfelf to that way of living, which his f_- " was the firll play he writ." The highcfl ther propofedj and in order to fettle in the 'date which Rowe has been able to trace is world, after a family manner, thought fit to i Romeo and Juliet, 1597, when the author marry while he was yet very young. His 'was 33 years eld; and Richard II. and I [£ wife was the daughter of one Hatchway, fai.l the next year. Though the order of tim.e in to have been a fubftantial yeoman in the' whicli his feveral pieces are written be genc- neighbourliond of Stratford. Jri tliis kind , rally uncertain, yet tlurc ate pafliges in fom: ofdomedic obfcurity, lie continued for fome' few of them, that feein to fix th.cir dates. So time, till by an unhappy inifance of mif- 1 the chorus at the erd cf the fourth a<n: of conduift, fic was obliged to qu't the place of I Henry V. by a compliment very lian<!fomciy his nativity, and take (liciter in London ; i turned to the earl of £(TL-x, (hews the play to which luckily proved the occafion of difplay-l have been written when tl;at loi-d was genera! ingoneof the greatert geniufcs that ever w>-.s'to the queen in freland ; and his ologium known in dramatic poetry. He had the mnj upon queen Elizabetli, and her fiicccfior, fortune to fall into ill company: among ! king James, in the latter end of his Henry thefe were Ibme who made a frequent pr;ic-jVIIT. is a proof of that play's being wiittea tice of deer- Ilea ling, and who engaged him 1 after the accedion of the latter of thcfe two more than once ill robbing a park that be- ! princes to the throne of P'nolund. Queen longed to Sir Thomas Lucy, who was, it is; Elizabeth had feve'-alof his plays aOed before faid, afterwards ridiculed by Sba.kefpcar, ua- | her 3 and that princefs \va= too quick a difcern- der the well known character of Julticeler, and rcwarder of merit, to furftr that of Shallow. It is at this time, and upon thi,> Shakefpear to be neg!c£led. She was fo well accident, that he is faid to have made his firft; pleafed with the adm.irable charafler of Fa!- acqualntance in the piayhoufe. We fhall here! ftatF, in the two parts of Henry ,]V. that ihe relate a ftory which Sir William Davenant | commanded him to continue it in one play told Mr. Bctterton, who communicated it to more, and to make hini n love. This is IMr. Rowe ; Rowe told it Mr. Pope, and faid to have been the occafion of his w'riting Pope toid it to Dr. Newton, -the late editor of; the Merry Wives of Windror. How well Milton, and from a aentfeman, who heard it j flie was obeyed the play itfelf is a proof. It from him, it is here related. It •.- concern- ! appears by the epilogue to Henry IV, that the ing Shakefpear's fiift appearance in the play- part of Falftatf was written criginally under houfe. When he came to London, he was the name of Oldcaftie. Some of that family without money or friends; and being a being then rem.Tining, theqieeiwas pleafed fliraagcr, he knew not to whom to apply, to command hiru to dur it j u^jon which he S tt A inade ufe of the nameof FalftalF. Shakffpear, feefidcs the queen's homity, was patronifed by the earl of'Southamptoiijfamousin the hiftory ot that time fdv his fricndlhip to the unfor- tunate earl of EfTcx. It was to that nobleman he (dedicated his poem of V'tnns and Adonis ; Slid it is repotted, that his lordfliip gave our author icoo I to enable him to j;o through with a puicbafc he heard he had a mind to niake. His acquaintance with Ben Johnfon began with a remarkable piece of humanity and good nature > Mr. Johnfon, whowasat that time alii>gethcr unknown to the world, had offered one of hi:> plajs to the ftage, in order to have it acfted, and the perfon into whofe hand it was {tut, hiving turned it cirrlef-ly over, was ju(l upon returning it to him with an ill-natured anfwer, that it would S H A phyfician of good reputation in that county. Siie left one child, a daughter, who was mar- ried to Thomas Nalh, Efq ; and afterwards to Sir John Bernard, of Abington, hut died like- svife without ifli^e. His dramatic writings were firft publiftied together in folio, 1623, by feme of the a^orsofthe diflcrent com- panies they had been acted in, and perhaps by other fervants of the theatre, into whofe hands copies might have fallen. Thc^ have been rcpublidied by Mr. Rowe, Mr. Pope, Mr. Tlieobald, Sir Thomas Hanmer, and DodTor Warbuitori_ Our age has had the honour of railing a monument in Weftmin- Uer-Ahb^ ; to efre(fl which, the tragedy of Julius Cacfar was a(fted at the theatre-royal in Drury Lane, April 18, 1738, and the pro- fits arilfng from it depofited in the hands of be of no fervice to tlieir company ; w-hen |the earl of Btirlington, Mr. Pope, Dr. Mead, Shakefpear, luckily calling his eye upon it, land others, in order to be laid out upon the found fomething lb well in it, as to engage | faid monument. A new prologue afjd epi- him firft to read it through, and afterwards j logue were fpokeft on that occsfionj thcpro- to recommend Mr. Johnfon and his writings loone was written by Benjamin Martyn, tfq; to the public. The latter part of the author's ' the epilogue by the hononrable James Noel, life was fpeut in eafe and retirement ; he had 1 Ei'q ; and (poke by Mrs. Porter. On Shake- the good fortune to gather an eftate equal to j (pear's monument is a noble epitaph, taken liis wants, and in that to his willi, and is faid from his own Tempeff, as follows : 10 have fpent fome years before his death in his native Stratibrd. His pleafant wit and good nature engaged him in the acquaintance, and entitled him to the friendlhip of the gen- tlemen of the neighbourhood. Jt is flill re- membered in that county, that he had a par- ticular intimacy with one Mr. Combe, an old gentleman, noted thereabouts for his wealth The cloud capt towers, the gedrgcons pa- laces. The folemn temples, the grett globe itfelf, "Yea, all which it inherit, (hall diflolve. And, like the bafelefs fabric of a vifion Leave not a wreck behind. SHALL, V. Dcfea. (from /2<3/, Goth, of fccol. Sax.] as this is by foreigners confound- and ufury. it happened that in a pleafant ' ed with iviH. the tnture, from tuiUan, Sax, it cooverfationamongll their friends Mr. Combe | Hjould be obferved that «•«/ implies refolutioa merrily told Shakelpear, that he fancied he I to Jo fomething at a future time, and /huU intended to write his epitaph, if he happened |„nly a pofTibiiity of doing it. to outlive him ; and fincehe could not know Avhat might be faid of him when dead, he de- fired it might be done immediately ; upon which Shakefpear gave him thcfe lines. Ten in the hundred lies licre engrav'J, SHALLO'ON, S. a flight woollen fluff. SHA'LLOP, S. Ichaku^ci Fr.j a fmalJ boat. SHA'LLOW, Adj. [fuppofed to be com- pounded from fica/, otjhitc, and 'otv'] rot 'Tis a hundred to ten his foul is not fav'd : jdecp, or at a fniall diflance from the furface; If any man aJketh who lies in this tomb .' : not very knowing or wife, applied to the un- Oh ! oh ! quoih the devil, 'tis my JoLn-a uerllanding ; rot deep, applied to found. Combe. SH.VLLOW, S. a place wherein the water Eut the foarpncfs of the fatire is faid to lis not deep, or tlic bottom of a channel is not hive lluugthc man fo feverely, that he never at agre;itdiftanccfrom the furface of the water. «<,reiveit. Shakefpear died in the 53d year SHA'LLOW- BR A iNF-t>, Adj. foolhh. of hisage, and v.'as buried on the north fide SHA'LLOWNESS, S. want of depth, or of the chancel, in tlic great church at Stiat- 'thought. ford, wheie a moiiunient is pl.iccd on the] SHALT, S. the fcconJ perfon of fhaH, u-iU. The follok\liig is the infcription on '.which is thus declined ; \fl.'iiU^ doujhalt, he \\\^ Rrave (lone : l/oa/V; acconling to the Saxon, Ic Jceal^ thu Good friend, for Jefus fake forbear, Ucealt, he fitJ>I. 'l"o di<; the duft inclofed here. [ To SHAM, V. A. \fJ:cn.n:!, Rrit.] to Biclt be the n- an that fpares thcfe flones, Icheat by faJfc pretences. To obtrude by And curit be he that moves my bones. 1 fraud or folly. He had tiiree da«ighte:s, of whom two lived SHAM, S. a fraud or trick. The z€t of to he married; Judith, the elder, to Mr. | pvitting on the appearance of what a perfon is '! hom..s (.Jjiincv. by whom Q.ehad tlireefo.ns jijiot. An impofior. A fhirt or flceve worn wlio a!! died without children ; and Sufannah, 1 over another to hide the dirt. v.lie*„5 his favourite, to Dr. John Hall, aj SHAM, Adj. falfcj counterfeit j pretended. S H A SHA'MBI.ES, S, [Jcannagfia^ Tlal./'^ws/ ^ix. fchtimnt'/y Belg.j a place «^iere cattle arc, Jkilled, or meat is expofed to fale, SHA'MBLING, Acij. [fee Scamblikg] moving in an auk-Aard manner. SHAME, S.[fce.v?!, SaK.fibaimfu^Bdg. Jhamagame, Belg.j an uneafiiiers arifiiTj in the min4 from a con.'"i'ioufnef<; of haviKi; done fomething that may wound one's reputation or bring difgrace. The caufe of Ihame. :p.e- gard for one's reputation. Reproach. . .- To SHAME, V. A. [ fee the noww pa- mahiti, Sclav.] to make a perfon bluth by convincing him that he has done fomething which will forfeit him the cfteem of others, or ruin his reputation. SHA'ME-FACED, Adj. ealily bluruing; eaftly put out of cou-^ tcnance. SHAME-FVCf.ONESS, 'S. the qiir.lity of being too fc-artui of lofing the eflcem of others, or doing fomething that may give them a bad opinion. , SHA'MEFUL, Adj.fuchas ought to make a perfon hkifh. Infamous. SHA'MELE?S, Adj. wanting fhame, or blufhing at nothing. Ilegardlefs of the efteem or opinion of others. SHA'MELESSNESS, S. impudence ; im- modefty. SHA'MMER.S. a counterfeit orimpoftor. A low word. SHA'MOIS, S. [ pronouncedy&awjf, from cham'jh,Yx,'\ akindofwildgo.it. SHAMO'Y, or SHAM'MY Leather, S. leather made of the fkin of a fhamois, much clteemed for its warmth and fut'tnefs. SH.VMROCK, S. [Ir,] a kind of three- leaved grafs. SHANK, S. [fcearl-ca,Si^.fchenhcl, Belg.] the middle joint of the leg. Th« bone of a leg. The long part of an inftrument. " The ** y^a»/i of a key." Moxcii. SHA'NKKR, S. [chancre, Fr.] an excrc fcence appearing in venereal diforders. To SHAPE, V. A. [prefer fi^ipcd ; part. I ■^z'X pjafed O'i Jhapert -^jcheapcn,jc\ppan, Sax. J to form or mould in a particular figure. To adjuft. To imagine or conceive. j SHAPE, S. the form or figure of any I thing. The make of the body. A form, or | perfon of a particular form. An idea, or pat- tern. In low converfaf'on, manner. SHA'PELESS, Adj. wanting regularity or fymmetry, SHA'l^ELINESS, S. beauty or ptop9<;tion •fform. SHA'PELY, Adj. well made or formed. SHARD, S. {^'chaerder, Y\. jknda,li\.^ a fra;'ment or piece of a broken eartheii velltl. A plant, from chard, Fr. a filli. To SHARE, V. A. [/.vjrjw./fyrd/vSax. . Jkaia, Goth.] to divide or part auwng m^ny. To partake with others. To cut w feparate. Neuterly, to have a pjrt., SHARE, S. a portion, part, or dividend. The b!:iJe of a plough that cuts the'groufid, from/aw,; Sax. [chaw, Teut, ' ' ' ' SHARKER, S. a divider : -one who parti- cipates any thing 'sath others. . _SHARK, S.. a ravenous fca-fi(h, which will fever a man in two at a bile". A fly grtcdy fell(3w. Trick j, fraud. To SHARK, V. A. to pick up haftily or llily. Ncuterlv, to cheat ;'io ti'ck.' sharp; Adj. [y;:f^^;:^,'.Sax, 5, '^ "' having a keen ed^e, or a)i'acur' ingenious, <-ir invv;i)tlve, applif;.. . . .;.„ ..... - Quick, applied to hearing, feeing, or nndci •■ Ifanding. .Sour, applied to tafte. Slirii!. 'k^.- plicd^to found. Severe, or cruel, applied to fcafon or ciirpontlon. PainfuK Fierce, ap- plied to cont<.(l. Attentive or vigilant, fol- lowed by iQok out. Subtle. IT:ird. Lean. SHARP, S. an acute found. A pointed weapon. . To SH AR P, v. A. to itiake keen. Neu- terly, to pby thie'viih tricks* To SKA'RPEN, V. A. to make keen or pointed. To make quick, applied to the un- derflanding. To er.ciesfe the appetite. 'I o make fnrili or four. SHA.'RPER,. S. a perfon who deprives olher,s of tlieir property by fraud. . SH A'RPUY, Adv. , fmartly 5 feverely ; acutely^ . .' SHA'RPNES.S,"'S. the qii2iit3'.of cutting or piercing eafiJy. Sournefs, applied to taite. Severity, applied to hiiguage or treatment. Painfuloefs. 'j^icknefs of apprehenfion, ap- plied to the nijnd or feiifes. i^ SHA'Rl'-SET, Adj. hungry. Eager or vehemently dcllrous. SHA'RP-VIsAGED, Adj. having a thin or lank counteg?nce. To SKA.TTEa-,,.V. A. {fcbettc,en,.?.c\g.'] tp-break into .'manf pieces. Neuterly, to break into fragments by a fail or any force. SHA'TTER, S. a fragment of a thljig broken into ftvcral pieces. SHATTERBRAINED, or SIIATTFR- PATEO, Adj. crazy-headed J inattentive j not confiftcnt To SHAVE> y. A. \TpreXcv.(Jjat<ed ; part. ^iVi. pavtn QK fjei'vcd, i'lom f(eiij'an, S*x..] to cut hair by a r<tzor. - To cut clofe. -To ftini by.pafliiig lightLy-ovei'. Tq cut in ihin filcesf to llrip or opprcls Ly eKtortion. - • SHA'VER, S. one that pr,a<f^ifts the art of Ihav.klgi ouc ckilLly attentive to his own intereft; a robber. syAJVIN^j. S.' any -thin pi;ce pared off from a body. ' ._ »-'-.i. SitAW,; S. [-fcia, Sax. frho-we, -Bclg. j,J«jr^, Ifi.l a thicket oj- fniall wood. ,: !ytIA't^AN.:3KR, S. among the. I'trfians, ■a |>jpat <ifficer V .a viceroy. SH A' W-FO W L, 5. an artificial bird, made iarfowifrs (» (hoot at. i.'^SH^WM, S., [JcowwmSf Teut.j a baut« boy or cornet. 3 a SHE- SHE SHE, Pron. [in the oblique cafes, her,\ fmmf., Goth. ye or Jeo, Sax. J the pronoun demon (trative o; the fetrinine gender, allud- ing to fome woman mei tioncd before, and Ibmetimes ufed abfolutely tor a female or wo- man. The female of any fpecies, SHEAF, [^\wA fljca-jis-Jmm fccaf. Sax.] corn tied in a bundle after mowing. Any bundle orcolleftion of things tied together. To SHEAR, V. A. [preterT^iori? vx fl: ear- ed, part. ^&{[.Jk6y):, fcearan. Sax. J to cut by two blades moving on a rivet. SHEAR, or SHEARS, S. [feldom ufed in thefmgular,/iY^/i;,Sax.J an inflrument to cut, confilling of two blades moving in a ri- ver, between which the thing to be cut is placed J dilinguilhed from fd£'ors, becaufe longer A year, applied to the ageof fheep. SHEA'RER, S. one that clips with (hears, particularly one that fhearslheep. SHHATH, S. [fccatke, Snx.fard, Brit.] the cafe of any thing. The fcabbard of a weapon. To SHEATH, or SHEATHE, V, A. [fchttban, Sax.] to put into a cafe or fcab- bard. To defend or prefcrve by an outward cafe or covering. To SHED, V. A. [fcedan, Sax.] to poui out, or fpill. Neuterly, to let fall in parts. SHED, S. [fnppofed to be corrupted from Ihaeie] a flight covering or pent-houfe. In compofition, it implies elTufion or fpilling, as ♦' blood Jhed.'" SHE'DDER, S. a fpiller ; one who fteds. SHEEN, or SHEE'NY, Adj. glittering j fhewy ; bright. SHEEN, S. brightnefs ; fplendor. SHEEP, S. \^\m.Jheep;fccat, Sax. plur. feep,fcI:aep,Be\g.] the animal whofe hide is covered with wool, and whofe fielh is called mutton, figuratively, an ignorant and filly perfon. SHEET- COT, S. a fmall inclofure for (heep. SHEE'P-FOLD,S. [fceapa-Jold, Sax.J an inclofure for fneep. SHEE P-HOOK, S. a hook faflcned to a pole, ulcd by (hcpherds. SHEE'PISH, Adj. bafliful; Qvcr-modeft ; tlmoroiifly and meanly diffident, % SHEE'PISHNESS, S. balhfulnefs; mean and timorous diffidence. SHEE'P-SHEARING, S. the time, or feaft made, when Iheep are flieaied. SHEE'P'S-EYE, S. a modeft or diffident look call by l,overs at each other. SHEER, /^dj. [fcyre, Sax. Jkyr, li\.jezry, Pol.] pure, clear, unmingled. SHEER, Adv. clean ; ^uick ; at once. To SHEER, V. A. fee Shear. Neuterly, Xojheer of; to fteal or flip away. SHEET, S. [fceate. Sax- fxaca, JJata, Pol. j a broad or large piece of linen. The linen of a bed. In a fliip, the ropes bent to the clews of the f*ilsi figuratively, the can- S H I vasof the fail. As much paper as is made at once. Any thing expanded. SHEE'T-ANCHOR, S. the largert anchor in a (hip. To SHEEP, V. A. to fupply or furnifb with /heets. To cover. SHEKEL, S. a Jewifti coin valued at 2S. 6d. rierling. SHELF, S. \^\Mr.Jhel'ves;f€ylf, Sax.fcelf, Belg.] a board placed edgeways againft a wall on a fupporter, fo that any thing may be placed on it. A fand bank or fliallow part of the fea. SHELVY, Adj. full of fliallows, fand banks or rocks. SHELL, S.[fceal,fcyn, Sa\. fchalejchells, Belg. j the hard covering or external cruftof any thing. The hard covering in which fi(h, fnjils, &c. arc lodged. The covering of the feeds of fuch plants as have pods. Tiie out- ward part of a houfe. The external part. A kind of rough coffin in which dead bodies arc laid till that in which they are to be interred is finiflied. To SHELL, V. A. to take off the (hell. To (trip ofTihe fliell. SHE'LTER, S. [according to Skinner fr^m /Jjel/ ; but according to Davies from fi:y!d, SdX a fliieldj a cover from external in- jury or violence. Aproteftor. The date of being protedled. To SHE'LTER, V. A. to cover, defend, or proteift from external violence. To go under a cover, followed by under. To conceal. Neuterly, to make ufe of a flicker. SHE'LVING, Adj. [from_/2>^/^jflopingj declining. SHE'LVY, Adj. fliallow ; rocky. To SHEND, V. A. [pret, and part. palT. /hent, from fcenden, Sax. fchenden, Belg. J to ruin, fpoil, difgrace, or blame. SHE'PHERD, S. {j'ceapbyrd. Sax.] one who tends fheep. Figuratively, a minifler. SHEPHER'DESS, S. a woman that tenA flicep. SHERBE'T, S. [Jharbet, Arab.] the juice of lemons or oranges mixed with water and fugar. Lemonade. SHE'RIFf , S. [plural prkves. Scyre- gerefa, Sax.J an officer of a county, who is to fee the king's orders executed ; to im- pannel juries j bring caufes and criminals to trial, &c. SHE'RIFFALTY, SHE'RIFFDOM, SHE'RIFFSHIP, or SHE'RIFFWICK, the office or jurifdiiftion of a flieriff. SHE'RRIS, or SHE'RRY, S. [from Xeres, a town of Andalufiaj a kind of Spanifti wine. SHIDE, S, [fceadan, Sax, to divide] a board ; a cutting. SHIELD, S. [fcylde, Sax, fcMld, Belg. and Teut. J^ield, Dan. j a broad piece of de- fen five armour held on the left arm to ward •ff darts or blows. Defence or ptote£lion. A pro- S H I S H O A proteftor. In heraldry, the fcutcheon by rocks, fhailows, or fhelves. The pan fliip. Dcnru<ftion or mif. on which the beaniigs of an armory are placed. To SHIELD, V. A. [fcyldafi, fcecldan. Sax.] to cover with a Ihield. figuratively, to defend. To SHIFT, V. A. \Jk}pta, Run. a change, fc'ppa>e,lt?A.] to change place. To change or give place to fomethingetfe. To change cloaths, efpecially linen. To find fome ex- pedient for fubfiiience or fafety. To pra^ife indired methods, Adlively, to change or alter. Followed by aivay, to fend a perfon away by fome expedient. To change the po- fition of a thing. To change cloath.s, or drefs in freth ones. Ufed with off, to defer, or fend away by fome expedient. SHiFT, S. an expedient in order to free one's felf from a prefling neceffity, A mean expedient, or laft refource. An evafion or artifice. A linen garment worn by women next their bodies. SKITTER, S. a fly, artful fellow. SKI'LLING, S. [from fci.y, Sax. becaufe of the fhicld thereon] a filver coin in value 12 pence, or the twentieth part of a pound ilerling. There were iione coined till 1504, and thefe Stow calls groats 3 but Fabian, mentions them under their proper name, 34 Hen. VIII. SHILL-I-SHALL-Y, Adv. [a corrupt re- duplication of y&a// 7. ?J hefitating : in fuf- pence. SHI'LY, Adv. not famiharly. SHIN, S: [fcina, Sax. fchien, Teut.] the forepart of the leg. To SHINE, V. N. [^rttn. I Jhone, or havejhone, and fomctimes I [hined or have Jhined, Uomjkknan, Goth.] to gliften ; to emit light or brightnefs. To appear gloiTy. To be gay, beautiful, confpicuous or eminent. Followed by upen, to (hew favour, or be pro- pitious. To ^ilighten. SHINE, S. fpkndor or brightnefs. SHl'NESS, S. [from fiy] the quality of being unwilling to be familiar. SHI'NGLES, S. [wants the fingular, from ttngu'um, Lat.]a herpes confining of puflules breaking out in various parts of the body, which it furrounds like a belt. Small pieces of wood in form like a wedge, ufed in cover- ing roofs inflead of tiles. SHIP, a termination ufed in compofition, borrowed from the Saxon, fc!p,fcy/>, or /chip - fen, Belg. and fignifies office or employment. SHIP, S. [Jkip, Goth, and Id. fcip, Sax. Jkipare, Daa. fcljip, Jchipper, Belg.' fchiff, Teut ] a large hollow buiiding with decks, made to pafs over the fea with fails. To SHIP, V. A. to put or tranfport in a fiiip, SHiTBOARD, S. feldom ufed but ad- Terbially, as o jhlpLoard, ox on Jhiphoard, i, e. within a (hip. SHIPWRECK, S. the deftruaion of ibips I through with fpeed ( 3Hz of a fl)attered carriage. To^SHI'PWRECK, V. A. to deflroy by dathmg on rocks or (helves. To reduce to a deplorable condition. SHIPWRIGHT, S. r, builder of (hips. SHIRE, S. [pronounced fheer, from fsire. Sax. of /draft, SaK fiyre, Eife] a divifion of a country. A part of a kingdom under the (heriff. SHIRT, S. [fcyre, frync, Sax. ' Jlkrt, Dan. skiria, Ifl.] the under linen garment of a man. To SHIRT, V. A. to cover or clothe with a fhirt. SHI'TTIM, S [Heb.] a kind of precious wood, hard, rough, fmooth, without knots, growing in Arabia, and mentioned in the Pentateuch. To SHI'VER,V. A. [rb^-zvr,T!, Teut.] to quake or (hudder with cold or fenr. To fall at once into many parts, from fchi^yve, Belg. a (lice. SHI' V£R, S. a fragment of a thing broken into many pieces, SHOAL, S. Ifccek, Sax.] a throng or multitude. A fand bank or (hallow place. To SHOAL, V. N. to throng or croud together. To be (hallow. SHOAL, Adj. Ihallow. SHOA'LY, Adj. full of (hallows. SHOCK, S. [/Aflf, Fr. Jhoci:«, ^t\g. fkoh, Sclav. Pol. Dalm.] the force with which tv\o bodies moving in contrary direcftions meet. Mutual violence or concurfion. The conflift of armies. An offence. A pile of flieaves of corn, fromjhucke, old Belg. A rough dog : a fhort head of hair, from J]jagg. To SHOCK, V. A. [fchceker, Belg. /»- clt'i. Boh. fee Shake. ] to fhake by violence. To ofTendor difguft. Neuterly, to be offen- five. To SHOCK, V. N. [from the noun] to build up piles of fheaves. SHOD forfioed, the preter. and part. pafl". of Shoe. SHOE, S. [plural Jhoes, formerly poon ; from sko, Goth.] a cover for the foot. To SHOE, V. A. [preter and part. pall. Jhod] to fit with, or put on, a (hoe. j SHOEMAKER, S. one whofe profcfUFn is to make (hoes. To SHOG, V. A. fee Shake or Shock, SHONE, thepreter and part.pafT of pint. SHOOK, thepreter of Jhake. To SHOOT, V. A. [preter Jhot, part. pafr.y^c.', or fnotten, ; fccorer., Sax. jchittcn, Belg.] to difcharge any thing fo as to make it fly with fpeed and violence. To difchargc from a bow or gun. To let off. To hit with any thing difcharged from a bow or gun. To fprout or grow, applied to vegetables. 'J'o emit or dart^ To pufh forward. To paf. To be emitted. To protuberaw S H O S H O protuberate or (lick out, foUowccl by o;(f. To ! again fl the bottom of a river. To pu(h or become any thing fuJJenly, iifed with up To move along fwiftly- To be affefted with a quick and intermitting pain. SliOO r, S. the aft or impreflion of any thing difcharged from a bow. The a*^ of hitting or endeavouring to liit with fome- thing difcharged from a bow or gan. A branch i.^Iuing from the mais flock, from Jchetiten, Belg. SHOO'TER, S; an archer ; a gunner, SHOP, S. [fco/>pe, Sax. efchopu, Fr. frf.'ape, Teut.] a place where any thing is fold. A room in which manufadturts are carried on. SHOPKEE'PF.R, S. [ficp and keep] a trader who fells in a fhop ; not a merchant who only deals by whoiefale. SHO'FMAN, S. [JJjop and man'] a petty trader. SHORE, S, [fcore, Sax.JIcorc, Ifl] the coafl- or land which borders on the fea. A drain, properly fpelt/<"zwr. The fupport of a building. A buttixfs ; fcl.oyren, Belg. To SHORE, V. A. (jHj;w;, Belg-l to prop, or fupport from falling ; followed by up. SHORN, participle offiear. SHORT, Adj. [fccort. Sax. ccrto, Ital. CGuite, Fr. curtus, Lat. J meafuring little, op- pofid to long. Not as long as i: ought to be; of fmall continuance. Repeated by quick returns. Not equal to a perfon's merits or excellencies. Not able to attain an end, after fall. Not long diftant, or cum ng foon. Direftly, unexpecfledly. Not going fo far as intended. Narrow. Bi'ittle. SHORT, S. a concife or fummary ac- coi;nt. SHORT, Adv. ufed in compolition, a fmp-ll fpace of time. Not long. To SHO'R TEN, V. A. to deprive of length, applied to fpaceor time. To contract. To hinder from going on. To lop. SHO'R r-HAND,S. a method of writing fo as to favc time .-uid paper. SKO'RTLY, Adv. quickly ; briefly. SHO'RTNESS, S. the quality of being fhort, cither in time and fpace. Brevity 3 concifenefs. Deficience ; imperfection. SHO^RTSIGHTED, Adj. unable to fee Lr. SHO'RTWINDED, Adj. afthmatie. SHO r, the preter and part. palT. of poot. SHOT, S. [fchot^ Belg. slcit, Ifl ] the a« of Ihooting. Any thing difcharged from a wun, A globule of lead ufed in charging fire- arms. A fum charged on a reckoning ; from eject, Fr. SHO'TTEN, Adj. without roe; having ejc<£t£d its fp iwn To SHOVE, V. A f fcufan, ^ax.fchuy- *fn, Belg.^ to pufh by maiji fircngth. To drive a vedel by means of a pok thiuft hard rudi againfl. Neuterly, to pulh before one. To row in a boat by means of a. pole thru({ againft the bottom df a river. .SHOVE, S. the art of (hoving. A pu(h. SHO'VEL, S. [fcofl, Szx. fcheofe/, Belg.] an inftrumcnt with a broad blade raifcd oii the edges and a long handle, ufed in throwing coals on a fire, &€. To SHO'VEL, V. A. to throw or heap xvith a Ihovel. To gather in great quan- tities. SHO'VFL-BORD, S. a long board on which pieces of metal are puflicd towards a mark. SHOULD, V.N. [pronounced/-05W, from fc^cid, imperfect, oCfarJJa/i, Sax. fcmie, Belg. It is thus declined, Ifindd, thou JhrAtldefi, he pould. Like the Sax. Jc fceold, thu fceoldeft, l^efceold] this is a kind of auxiliary verb, ufed in the conjun(flive mood, and generally implies bufmefs or duty, as " Ipould go," i, e. it is my bufmefs or duty to go ; when preceded by if, it implies chance, as " If I '■^ Jhould go," V. e. If it happens that I go. SHOLi'LDER, S. [faddrc, "iz-A. fcbolder, ,Belg,] the joint which connects the arm to the body. In butcher's meat, the upper part of the fore leg. To SHOU'LDFR, V. A. to pufh with violence and infolence. To put on the flioulder. To SHOUT, V. N. [formed from the found] to cry aloud in triumph or joy. SHOUT, S. a loud and vehement cry of joy or triumph. SHO'UTER, S. he who fhouts. To SHOW, y. A. r pretcr. jhewed and Jh»-v, part, pafi' pyiun\ to produce to the fight or view. To prove, or give a proof. I o publi/h or proclaim, followed hy forth. To make known. To direft cr point out the way. To explain, teachj or tell. Neuterly, to appear, or have the appearance. SHOW, S. fome fpedladc or fomething remarkable, expofed to view for money. A fijperficial or mere external appearance. An oflentatious difplay. An objecff, attracfting attention, or notice. A fplendid appearance. Likeline'^s. Specioufnefs. SHO'W-BRRAD, or SHEW-BREAD, ?. the loaves of bread among the Jews, that the prieft of the week placed every fabbath-day on the golden-table, covered with loaves of gold, and twelve in number SHOWER, S. { jcbeure, Bdg.-] a mode- rate or violent fall of rain. Any thing de- fcending thick. Any profufion, or liberal diflribution. To SHOWER, V. A. to wet or drown with rain To pour. To diflribute liberally or profufely. Neuterly, to be rainy. HOW'ERY, Adj. rainy. SHO' WISH, Adj. gaudy j fplendid : often- tatious. SHOWN, S H R S H R SHOWN, pret. and part. pafT, of y^'CTtf. i where they entertain the mayor and corpo- SHRANK, pre.er of/j;/K*. ration at their refpeiflive bowers or arbors To SHRED, V. A. [^imer. JfjreJ ; fcrea- jcrefled on purpofe, and diftingtiifhed bylbmc Jiin, Saa, skritia- Ifl.] to cut into fmall or ; devices fuitabie to their crafts. Roman coins thin pieces, commonly applied to cloth or larefreduentiy dug up here, with the bones lierbs. of men ofa large Tize, particularly teeth thrc«i SHRED, S. [fee the verb] a fmall piece inches long, and the fame dimenfions round} cutoff. A fragment. alfo thigh bones a full y.-.rd in length. The SHREW, S. [/(//-fvf", Teut./^m, Scalv.] I annua! fairs kept at Shrcwlhiiry are on Sa- a peevifii and clamorous woman. I turday next after March 15, Wednefday after SHREWD, Adj. [contracted froro^rfwW] J Eafter- week, and Wednefday before Whit- liaviag the qualities of a flirew ; malicious ; ' mifchievous ; cunning j malicioufly ily. Bad, painful, pinching. SHRE'WDLY, Adv. mifchievouny j vex- atioufly. SHRE'WDNESS, S. fly; cunning 5 arch- rcfs. Mifchievonfnefs. SHRE'WISH, Adj. poflcfllng the quali- ties of a flirew. SHRE'WMOUSE, S. [jhremva, S.] a ir.oufe whofe bite is falfely fuppofed to be ve- nomous. Hence fome derive j'^'rc'zt'. SHREWSBURY, S. the metropolis of Shropfliire, or the county of Salop. It ftands delightfully on the Severn, and rofe out of the ruins of Uriconium, now Wroxeter, a village about four miles off. The Saxons ftiled it Scrobefberg, from the hill on which ■jt ftands, having formerly been fullof Ihrubs. Jt has two fair bridges on the Severn, which iurrounds it, except on the N. fide, in the form of a horfeihoe, rendering it a peninfula by that means. Several religious foundations have anciently been here. At Shrewlhury king Richard H. held a parliament. Hither Henry, earl of Richmond, afterwards king Henry VH. marched from Wales, where he landed, and was joined by Sir Gilbert Talbot and his nephew the earl of Shrewfljury. Here, April 15, 1551, the fweating ficknefs, fays Cimden, proved fo mortal, efpecialiy to the middle-aged, that hence it difperfed itfelf throughout the ki.sgJom. Shrewlbury gave the title of earl tor many ye-;rs to the Mont- Sunday. Thefe are confiderable for horned cattle, horfes, flieep, cheefe, and linen cloth: on July 3, and Angiifl 12, for horned cattle, horfes, pigs, cheefe, linen, (heep, and lambs wool ; Oiflober 2, and December 12, for horned catile, horfes, fl.cep, pigs, butter, cheefe and Jinen. In the neighbourhood was fought the bloody battle between young Henry Piercy, furnamed Hotfpur, and Henry IV. king of England ; in which the former was killed, and his army overthrown, t! e place being to this day called Battlefield. It ftanJs 157 miles N. W. of London. Lat. 51 deg. 47 min. N. long. 2 deg. 4 min. W. 'I'o SHRIEK, V. N. [ sb-icrc-r, Dan.fa-k. cijare, Ital.] to cry out with anguilh, or ter- ror. See Screak. SHRIEK, S. [skrkg, Ttan.fcricao, Ital.] a loud cry caufed by anguifli or terror. SHRIFT, S. [firift, Sax.] a confeffion made to a pried SHRILL, Adj. [formed from the found] foimdingwith a piercing and tremulous noife. To SHRILL, V. N. to found fliarp, and quick. SHRIMP, S. [J]b>-:mpe, Teut. a wrinkle, fcrymf's, Dan.] a fmall cruftaceous filh. A little man or dwarf. SHRINE, S. [fain. Sax. efa-in, Fr.fcri' num, Lat.] a cafe in which fomcthing fa- cred is rcpoflced. Ufed poetically, for an altar. To SHRIr'K, V. N. [prefer, Jhrunk, or prank, ^s.TVx\^\sJhrut3k, or Jhrunken ; Jcrinean, gomerys and > albors, and it (till continues in Sax.] to contract into lefs room. To flirivel a defcendant of the latter. Though the re- | from lofs of moiflure. To withdraw or fall fcntment of parliament fell h.eavy on this [back in order to avoid danger. Aflively, to town, for adhering to king Charles I. who leflen the meafure of a thing by contracfling came hither in the beginning of the civil [it. wars, after his dif,)ppoiniment at Nottingham, SHRINK, S. corrugation 3 contraftion of and formed an army ; yet it has flnce recover- the body into lefs compafs. ed itfelf, and is now very flourifliing. Its| To SHR 1 VE, V. A. [preter.y^irsvf ; /rr/- weekly markets for corn,cattleand provifions, |jO>?, Sax.] to hear at confelHon. To confefs are on Wednefday and Saturday; every Thurf a perfon. day is the market for Welch cottons and To SHRI'VEL, V. N. \ fcrinean, Sax. flannels. The town is governed by a mayor, fchrompelen, Belg ] to contraftinto wrinkles, recorder, &c. and fends two members to par- Aclively, to make a thing contrad in wrin- liament. The cnrporation has the power kles, ufed with up. of trying caufes wiilrln itfdf, even fuch as are capital, except for liigh treafon. Here are twelve incorporated trading companies, who on Monday fortnight after Whitfuntide repair to Kingfland, on the S. fide of the town, and oppoflte- bank of the Severn, SHRI'VFR, S. a confeHbr. SHROPSHIRE, or the coimty of Salop, in England. It is bounded on the E. by Staf- fordftiie; on the N. by Chefnire ; on the S. by Worcerterfliire, Herefcrdlhire, and~Rad- norfliire ; and on the W. by the (hires of 3 H 3 Montgomery S H R Montgomery and Denbigh, in NoithWules. The river Severn rifing in Plinlimon hills, iKMontoomeryfhire, runstliroughnhe county f om \V. lo S. E. dividing ic into two parts. This i^ a !. : ~e inland county, hting, accord- ing to Tern pieman, flirty miles ill Icng'h, and thiity-three in breadti^. ; others reckon it thirty-four miles from Woferton below Lud- low on the S. to Over near Trent on the N. and twenty-five from Tong on the S. to Of- veftry on the W. It is of an oval or nearly circular form, containing about S 90, coo acres, with about 139,000 inhabitants, 15 m-tiket towns, ar,d 170 parifhes; which are a'l dillributed uito fifteen hundreds, in the dio- cefs of Hereford, Litchfield and Coventry, and St. Afaph. The air of this country h Very falubrious, as is generally the cafe in fuch as are mountainous or hilly. The foil, which in many parts is of a reddifli clay, is of various fertility ; the S. and S. VV. parts which arc moflly hilly, not being altogether fo fiuitfulas the low grounds, of which this county has its iTiare. Here plenty of wheat and barley is produced, together with other forts of grain, befides inexhauftiblc pits of coal. This country, as being formerly a frontier between the Welch and Englifh, has had more caflles than any other in England, fothat it feems to be parted by a continued wall of caftles : and Speed reckons no lefs than thirty two, befides the fortified towns, that were once in this fiiire. The county of Salop lies in the Oxford circuit, and it fends twelve members to parliament ; namely, two Kni'-hts of the Jhirc, with two burgeiTes each for Shrewfoury, Bruges or Bridgenorth, Lud- low, Wenl -ck, and Bifhop's callle. Its capi tal is Shrewfbury. SHROU'D, S. [fo-usJ, Sax.] a cover or flielter. A winding fliirt, or drefs of a dead pcrfon. The fail ropes, or fails. To SHROU'D, V. A, tanlrefs in a (hroudj to fhelter from danger ; to cover, hide or conceal. Ntuterly, to harbour. SHR O'VE, prefer of Jhn-ve. SHP.O'VE-TIDE, or SHRO'VE-TUES- PAY, S. [from prove, preter oijhnve, to confefs, and :]de or tuefday] the time of con- ftfiion j the day before afh-wednefday or lent, on which anciently perfons went to confeflion. SHRU3, S. f j5m!>^ Sax./c»-«^^.-, Belg.] a bufh or fmall tree; a liquor made of orange- juice, fpirits and fugar- SHRU'BBY, Adj. full of (hrubs ; bufhy. To SHRU'G, V. N. {fchrlken, Dan. fcbrcchnyTtMt.. fear] to exprels horror or dif- fatisfaiHion, by moving the fl-;oulders near the liead. A<ftively, to contrad or draw up- wards, followed h-)Jhoulder. SHRUG, S a motion of the fhouldprs up- 5*ards to exprefs horror or diflatisfa^ion. SHR.U'NK., the preter jsnd part, pafT. of SIC SimC'N^KEN. the part. pafl. o( Jhrlnk. To SHU'DDER, V.N. [fcbudd,,,,, Belg.] to quake with fear or averfon. To SHU'FFLE, V. A. [Jchyff^rling, Sax,] to throw into diforder f) that one thing may take place of another j to remove or put by v.ith hir.e aitificej to (hake or get rid ot by irruggling, ufed with off\ to form in a confufed or clandefline manner, ufed with up. Neuterly, to p.t a pack of cards into new order; to play mean rricks, frauds or evafions ; to move with an aukward gait, Oi" witli the feet drawn along the ground. SHU'FFLP, S. the art of difordering things, or moving them fo as to take place of each other ; a trick or artifice. SHU'FFLER, S. [iromfiuffle] he who plays tricks or fliuffles. SHU'FFLINGLY, Adj. with an irregular gait. To SHUN, V. A. [efctiman. Sax.] to en- deavour to avoid or eicape ; to decline. To SHUT, V. A. [preter and part. palT. fiut ; fcyttan, Sax. fchunen, Eelg. j to put to- gether (o, that nothing can get in or out, op- pofcd to open. To inclofe or confine. To bar or exclude. To draw the eyelid clafe over the eye. To contract, applied to the hand ; ufed with out, to exclude or deny admiffion ; ufed with up, to confine ; to conclude. Neu- terly to be clofed. To clofe i'felf. SHUT, S. the aft of clofing. A fmall door or cover. SHUTTER, S. one that clofes any thing that Hood open. A d. or or board by which windows are fecured in the night. SHUTTLECOCK, S. [fpelt likewife fhhtkcnck. Johnfon fuppofcs it may properly be C2\\t\ Jkuv.kcork, i e. a cork driven to and fro like a ^ed.^tr' ^J7juttk'\ a cork ftuck with feathers, and driven on high with a battle- dore. SHUTTLE, S. {JchletfpoU, Belg. JkutuI, in.] the inftrument with which a weaver fiioots the crofs threads of his work. SHY, Adj. [fchczue, Belg. fuch-wen, Teut. pifo, Ital.J referred j not willing to be ac- quainted or familiar. Cautious ; keeping at a diftance and unwilling to approach. Suf- picious or jealous. SI'BILANT, Adj. f/^i/fl«j Lat.] hiding. SI'BILATION, S. [//i//o,Lat.] a hiding found. To SI'CCATE, V. A. Ificco, Lat,]todry. SICCA'TION, S. [from f.ccate] the a£i of drying. SICCI'TICK, Adj. [ficcut and/c, Lat.] caufing drinefs. srCCn Y, S. [ficdte, Fr. ficc'itas, from fican, Lat.J drinefs; aridity; want of moinure. Sl'CE, S. [/aw^, Goth, p, Fr.] the number fix at dice. SICK, S. [ (coc. Sax. fir.h, Goth, fyie, in./<rfi, Bdg.j deprived of hcaltb ; affeaei with S I G with difeafe. Difordered in the flomach or iqueamiOi. Difgufted. To SICKEN, V. A. to deflroy healrh. To impair. Neuterly, to be difeafed j to be fi'led witli difguft or loathing. SI'CKLE, S. [ficol, SaK. feckel, Belg. ficakrs, Po\.jecare, fccatt, Sclav.] the inflru- ment with which corn is cut. A reaping hook. SI'CKLINESS, S. the quality of being habitually fick. SrCKLY, Adv. difeafed, infirm, with refpeft to health. Sl'CKNESS, S. [feocnejfe. Sax.] the Rate cf being infirm in health. A diftafe. Squea- mifhnefs. SIDE, S. [fdyftde. Sax. fyde, Belg.] the part of animals where the ribs are placed. Any part of a body oppofed to another p.irt. A margin or edge. Situation. Party in- tereft. SIDE, Adj. oblique, oppofed to dired. To SIDE, V. A. to join with any party ; followed by ivith. SI'DE-BOARD, S. a table on which plate and other conveniences are placed by the fide of that at which the guefts fit. SI'DE-BOX, S. a box on one fide of the theatre. SI'DE-LONG, Adj. [fde and long] late- ral ; oblique j not in front ; not diredl, SI'DERAL, Adj. [homfidus, Lat.] ftarry; aftral. SIDERA'TIGN, S. [fderatlon, Yr.fide- rath, Lat.] a fudden mortification ,• a blaft 5 or a fu4iien deprivation of fenfe. SIDESMAN, S. an-afliftant to a church- warden. SI'DE-WAYS, Adv. on one fide, ob- liquely, indireftly. SIE'GE, S. [Fr.] the aft of befetting a fortified place. Any continued endeavour to gain pofleffion. To SIEGE, V. A. [fieger, Fr.] to lay fiegc. SIEVE, S, [pronounced Jl've fhort like £ii/e. See SiFTyJito, Sclav. Jita^ Dalm, and Boh.j an inftrument ufed in feparating fmall particles from grofler, confining of a piece of lawn, hair, or cypru^, ftraiaed and faftcned to a hook. To SIFT, V. A. [Jlftan, S^x. Jiften, Belg.] to feparate by a fieve. To pafs through a fieve. To feparate or part. Figuratively, to try or examine. Sl'FTER, S. he who fifts. SIG, ufed in compounds, is derived from fig. viftory. Thus Jigward, implies a vi<fto- rioos preferver. To SIGH, V. N. [ficettart, SaK.fuchren, Belg. ] to breathe fo as to be heard, when op- prcflcd with forrow. Actively, to lament. ■ SIGH, S. a violent breathing which may be heard when opprefled with grief. SIGHT, S. [gejithe, Sax. Jicht, geficht, Belg.] the perception of objefts by the eye. S I L The aft of feeing or beholding. Open view, or a fitiiation in which nothing obltrufls the eye. Motice or knowledge. The eye. An aperlure to look through. A fliow, orfome- thing remarkable to be feen. Sl'GHTLESS, Adj. blind, offenfive to the eye. Sl'GHTLY, Adj. pleafing the eye. SI'GIL, S. [figilMn, Lat.] a feal. SIGN, S. [figne, Fr, y%OT.wz, Lat.] a token of anything; that by which any thing is Ihown j a wonder ©r miracle ; a pi£\ure or board hung on the outfide of a tradefman's houfe. A memorial; a conftellation in the zodiac; a mark ; a fymb(;l or type; the fub- icription of a perfon's name. To SIGN, V. A. \f.gno, Lat./^«^,Fr.] to mark ; to ratify by fubfcribing one's name j to betoken or reprefent. SI'GNAL, S. [Fr. j'cr.nal. Span.] notice given by fome token. A fign that gives notice. S'IGNAL, Adj. remarkable ; eminent. To SI'GNALIZE, V. A. [Jigvalkr, Fr.] to make eminent or remarkable SI'GNALLY, Adv. remarkably; mc- mora!;ly. SIGNATURE, S. [Fr.] a fign or mark imprefFed on a thing ; a mark on plants by which their medicinal ufe is pointed out ; a proof or evidence. Among Printers, a letter of the alphabet or other mark, made ufe ef to diltinpiiifh diiferent flieets. SI'GNET, S. \f.gnette,'?t.] a feal, pecu- liarly applied to that of a king. SIGN I'FICANCE, orSlGNI'FieANCY, S. [fee Signify] the power of fignifying j force ; energy ; importance. SIGNI'FICANT, Adj. [Fr. figmficans^ Lat. J expreffive of fomething elfe. Standing as a fign of fomething. Forcible in conveying the meaning intended. Important. SIGNIFICA'TION, S. \Yx. figmfcathy Lat.] the a(ft of making known, or convey- ing ideas by figns. A meaning exprelled by a fien or word. SIGNI'FICATIVE, Adj. If.gmficatif, Fr.] betokening by an external fign. Forcible. SIGN!' FIG ATORY, S. that which fig- nifies or betokens. ToSI'GNIFY, V. A. {f.gmfia'^Yx.l to declare by fome token or fign. To mean ; to exprefs. To import or weigh, when ufed interrogatively. To make known. Neuterly, to Rand for an idea, to exprefs a meaning. SI'GNIORY, S. \_fignoria, Ital.J fee Seigniory. Sl'LENCE, S. [F. filentium, Lat] a flatc wherein nothing is perceivea by the ear. The aft or (tate of refraining from fpeaking. Stillnefs. To ^ILENCE, V. A. to ftil or oblige to refrain from fpeaking. SI'LENr, Adj. [//m, Lat.] not fpeak- ' ine. Not talkative* Still or without noife, 3H4 SILENTLY, S I M SILENTLY, Adv. without fpeech or noife 5 without mention. SlLl'CIOUS, Adj. [from ciliciuir.] made of hs:r. SILI'CL'LOSE, Adj. [>/;fa/j,Lat.] hufky ; full ofhuilis. SIL1G1N6SE, Adj. iJin^L^s, Lat.] made of fine wheat. t Sl'LIQiri, S. [Lat.] among gold refiners, a carat oi: which fix maJ<e a fcrupe. In bo- tany, the feed vetUl or pod of plants that are of the pulfc kind. Sl'LI(;n:OSE, orSI'LIQUOUS, Adj. hav- ing a pod or capiula. SILK, S. [fcolc, Sax.] a fine thread fpini by a hutterfly ; a maniif^icture made of the filk'.vorm's threads. SI'LKEN, Adj. made of filk. DrelTeJ in filk. Figuratively, foit or tender. SI'LKW'ORM, S. the worm that fpins filk. SI'LKY, Adj. m.ade of filk. So^'t ; pliant. SILL, S. [/;-', S:x%.fueU,F\: p.'k, Eelg. pl^tia, Goth, to found] the timber or (tone at thefoot of a door. A threihold. S'lLLABUB, S. curds made by milking on vinegar, cider, or wi.ne. SI'LLINESS, S. foolilhnefs; fimpllcity. SI'LLY, Adj. [/dig, Teut.j harmlefs. Fooliih. SILT, S. mud; flinie. Sl'LYAN, Adj. abounding in woods j woody. SFLVER, S. \feolfer, Sax.f/uir, Goth.] a white, fhining, hard metal, next in weight to gold. Any thing of foft or whitifli iplen- dor. Sl'LVER, Adj. white like filver ; having a pale ludre. To Sl'LVER, V. A. to cover the furface with filver. To adorn with a whitifh luf're. To rover with fomethiiig white and fliining. Sl'LVER SMITH, S. [Jiiwr and Jkith] one that works in filver. Sl'LVER Y, Ad].[tcom Jiher]he fprinkled with filver. SI'iVIAR, S. [fmarre, Fr.] a woman's Joofe robe. SI'MILAR, Adj. [fimUalre, Fr.] having one part like another. Refcmhling. SMILA'RIfY, S. likenefs ; refem- blance. SIMlLEjS. [Lat.] acomparifon by which any thing is explained or aggrandized. SI'MILITL'DK, S. ['^v./hnUkudo, Lat.] Jikenefs. A comparifon or limile. SI'METF.R, S. fceCiMETTR. To Sl'MMER, V. A. [tormer'y '"pelt/^^- her \ formed from the found] to boil gciitly. To boil with a gentle hilTing or motion. Sl'iVlMEL, S. [fimbcl. Sax.] a kind of cake made of fugar, flower, plumbo, and falTion, &c. SLViONlAC, S. \ fimomaque, Fr.J one that buys or fells prefeimcnts in the charch. S I N SIMONI'ACAL, Adj. guilty of buying or felling livings in the church. SI'MONY, S. [fitnoKle, Fr.J the crime of buying or felling church preferments. ToSI'MP£R,V. A. [perhaps from >:- met,, as itfcems to imitate lie dimples of wa- ter gently boiling j to fmilej generally applied to foolifh fmiling. SI'MPER, S. a fmile, generally applied to a fooUrh one. SI'MPLE, Adj. [Fr. fmplex, Lat.] plain without defign or artifice. Harm- kfs. Uncompoundcd. Single. Onfy one. Silly. Sl'MPLB, S. [Fr.] a fingle ingredient; a drug ; properly ufed foi an herb. To Sl'MPLE, V, N. to gather herbs. SI'MPLENESS, S. the quality of being without art, experience or compofition. Sl'MFLrR, S.an herbarilt. SI'MPLETON, S. a filly, harmlefs, and unexperienced perfon. SI'JVIPLICirY, ^. [fimplkite, Yx.fintfli- c'.tai, Lat. J freedom from art, artifice, cun- ning, or fraud. Plainnefs of meaning. Si'MPLlST, S. one /killed in fimples. SI'MPLY, Adv. artlefsly j without addi- tion ; folely; toolilhly. To SIM'ULATE, V. A. to dilTemble or feign. SIMULA'TION, S. Ifimulath, Lat.] the aft of vice of pretending famething to be which is not. SIMULTA'NEOUS, Adj. [fmultaneus, Lat. ] ading together ; exifting at the fame time. SIN, S. [irom f.nne, Sax.] any aft which is contrary to the laws of God. Figuratively, an habitual negligence of religion. A man enormoufly wicked. " Thou fcarlet_///z .'" Shak. This is a beautiful imitation of the Latin 5 ubi ilik Jcelus eft? Ter. And. A. 3. S. 5. To SINT, V. A. [ftngian, Sa\. fyrdga, 111. fvnder, Dan.j to aft contrary to the laws of God, and to negkft the rites afld laws of religion. SIN AT ISM, S. [finap'fmus, Lat. o-iva- TTia-fAoi;, Gr.j a medicine of muftard to raife bliders, 8ic. SINCE, Adv. [fnt, TexM.fnd, Belg.] it being true; bccaufe that; from the time that; ago; before this; after that time. SINCE'RE, Adj. [Y.ftncenn, Lat. j jufl ; faithful. Pure. Honed. SINCE'RITY, S. [Jincmte,Y)i.finceritas, Lat. J freedom from hypocrify or diffirnu- lation. Faithfulnefs, applied to friendfliip. SINE, S. [ finus, Lat.j in geometry, a line drawn from one end of an arch perpendicu- lai ly on the diameter drawn from the other end. SINE, ufed in compofition is borrowed from the Latin, and fignifies ivitk'.ut. SI'NE- SIN Sl'NECUPvE, S. [fwe, withont, and cura, Lat. carej an office where a perfon is entitled to a revenue witliout trouble. Sl'NEW, S. Ifenive, Sax./(/twf», Belg.J a tendon or lij^ament by which the joints are moved. Figuratively, that which gives strength or fupport. Si'NJiWY, Adj. confifting of finews or nerves. Figuratively, ftrong, nervous, or forcible, Sl'NFUL, Adj. [f.nfulk, fmvefuUe, Sax.] contrary to any divine command. Wiclced or impious. SI'N FULLY, Adv. impiouny; wickedly. SI'NFULNESS, S. wickednefs ; impiety. To SING, V. N. [preter. fang, ot fang, part. v.ii\. j'ung, ftggzvan, Goxh.Jlr.gar., Sax.j to form the voice muficaily. I'o utter in a melodious or mufical msnner. Figuratively, to relate poetically. Actively, to micntion or relate in poetry. To celebrate or prale. To pronounce in a mufical manner. To SINGE, V. A. [fcengan. Sax.] to fcorch), or burn in a llight or fuperlicial manner. il'NGER, S. one whole profellion is to fmg. bl'NGINGM ASTER, S. one who teaches to fmg. Sl'NGLE, Adj. \fingitluz, Lat. not more than one. Only one. Particular or indivi- dual. Not cempounded. Alone, or without any afllftant. Unmarried. Not double, ap- plied to fiovi-ers. Pure or uncorrupt. Simple. That in which one alone is oppoled to one j followed by combat. To Sl'NGLE, V. A. to choofe out from among others, uled with out. To take alone or feparate. Sl'NGLENESS, S. fimplicity; fmcevity. To Sl'NGULARlZE, V. A. [Jefingu- larifer, Fr. j to make particular. Si'NGULAR, Adj. [Jlnguhrh, Lat./n- giilier, Fr.] reprcfenting only one determinate thing or pcrfcn. Particular, or unexpccfted. Different from others. In grammar applied only to one. blNGULA'RITY, S, {fmgularit^', Fr.] fome characltr by which a perfon is, or af- fcfls to be diftinouiflicd from others. Si'NiSTER, rtdj. [Lat.] being on the left hand. Figuratively bad ; perverfe; unfair. To SINK, V. N. f preter. //«;>*, formerly J fank, part. ^aK- junk or Junken, Goth.] to defcend in any fluid or litjuor. To fall gra- dually. To penetrate into any thing. To contract or grow lefs, wiih refpcft to height or depth. Figuratively, to be overwhelmed, iifed wi(h beneath or under. To be received or jmprefTed deeply, uled with dcivn. To fall into a llate ot reft or indolence. Actively, to force under water, and render incapable of floating or fwimming. To make deep by aligging. To deprefi or degrade. To diminirti ifl (quantity or value. To crulh or overbear. S I s To make to decline. To fuporefs, to concea!, or convert to one's ufe by fraud j applied to money. SINKjS. [7?«f, Sax.] a drain or jakes. Any place where filth is fuffered to colleft. SI'NLESS, Adj. free from !in. 'Sl'NLESSNESS, S. exemptioH from fin. ' SI'NNER, S. one at enmity with God; one not truly or religioufly good. An offen- der ; a criminal. SI'NOFFERING, S, an expiation or fa- crifice for fm. Sl'NOPER, or SINOPLE, S. a fpeciesof earth ; ruddle. To SI'NUATE, V. A. {f^nuo, Lat.] to bend in and out. SINUA'TION. S. a bending in and out. SI'NUOUS, Adj. {finueux, Fr. from/«w, Lat.] bending in and out. Sl'NUS, S. [Lat.] ths bay of a fea. In furgery a hollow pafl^ge under the flelh. To SIP, V. A. {fpan, S^.y..fippen, Beig,] to drink by fmal! drauglits wheicin the lios do but juft: touch the vefiel. To drink m Imall quanities. Adivcly, to drink a very fmall quantity. SIP, S. a fmall draught or mouthful. SI'PPER, S. one that lips. SI'PPET, S. a little fop. SFPHON, S. [Fr. <rir^v, Gr.] a crooked tube having one leg longer than the other, and ufed in drawing litjuors out of vefiels. SIR, S. [Yr. fyr,fyrc, Ent.f.re, Fr.j a litis of refpedV, ufed where we ceremcnioiiUy give another the preference. The title of a knight or baronet, and generally added to the word loin, when applied to beef, becaufe that ioint was once knighted by one of our kino's in a fit of good humour. SIRE, S. [Fr.] in poetry, a father. A complimental addrefs to a great perfocagc. Applied in common language to hearts. Sl'REN, S. [Lat.] an imaginary monder, fuppofed to have a human face and a bird's body, which enticed men by its finging and devoured them. Sl'RIASIS, S. fc-ipiacrif, Gr.] an inflam- mation of the brain and its membranCj through an exccflivc- heat of tiie fun. SPKIUS, S. [Lat.] the dog ftar. SI'RRAH, S. [contracted from Sir and ah'\ a word conveying reproach and in- fult. Sl'RUP, or SY'RUP, S. [Arab.] any vegetable juice boiled to a conliftence with fugar. SI'STER, S. [fcwftcr, Goth, hviopr, and fyfier. Sax. Jyjtra, fejha, Run Sclav, and Boh. zujtcr, Belg. ] a woman born of the fame parents with another perlou. Figura- tively, a woman of the fame kind, manRcrs, fentiments, or perfuahon. H if ter- in- !aw, is i hufband's or wife's filler. srSTERHOOD, S. the office or duty of a fifter. A numberof woaienui-the Kimc order. srSTERLY, S I z S K I ST'STERLY, Adj. like, or becoming, a I SI'ZER, S. ffromyfefj an inferior fcho- fiRer. ]lar in Camhiidge, fynonimous to a iervitor at To SIT, V. N. [prefer. I fat \f tin, Goth. Oxford. ftttan,Sdi-si.] to xdlu^on the buttocks. To SI'ZY, Adj. vifcous or glutinous, be in a ftate of reft. To reft or prefs as a SKALN, S. [efcr.lgne, Fr.] a knot of burthen. To fettle or abide. To brood, thread or fiik. applied to birds. To be placed at a table. To SKAIT, V. A. to Hide on the ice with To be as a member in any folemn affcmbly. fkaits. To decline being engaged, or to make a SKATE, S. [fceadde, Sax.j a flat fea fi(h. party. T07;/ «/>, to change a ly ng pofture A kind of fnoe, armed with iron andufedin for a fitting one. To watch or refiain from going to bed. .-^.CX'wtly, to keep one's feat ; followed by a reciprocal pronoun to place on a feat. SITE, S. [_/?'«, Lat.] fituatien of one place with refpeft to another. SITH, Adj. [fuhe, Sax.j fince; feeing that. SITKE, S. \fitbc. Sax. this word being varioufly fpelt, Johnfon pve.^crs this as the iTioft fimple and moll agreeable to etymolo- gy] a crooked blade joined to a pole andufed in mowing. SJ' TTER, S. one that fits. A bird that brood.'. SITTING, S. thepoflureof fittifigon a feat. A time at which one exhibits himfclf to a painter. A meeting of an afTembly. A time for which one fits without rifing. In- cubation. SI'TUATF, Adj [fms, Lat.] placed wi;h refpeft to any thing tlfe. PJsced. SITUATION, b. [Fr.] nofition or place with rcfpeft to fomething clfe. Gjndition or flare. SIX, Adj. [faifo, Goth./r,Sax.and Fr.] twice three, the next in order after five. To be at fixe:, ar.d fe-vens, is to be in a flateof oil- order, confu.Gon, and danger. S!'X- PENCE, S. a fiiver coin valufd at half a fhilling, or as many pence as its name cxprefles. SIX SCORE, S. fix times twenty, or one hundred and twenty. Srx 1 EEN, Adj. [fxtyve, Sax./jx/a«, Run.] fix and ten. SI'XTEENTH, Adj. [fxteotha. Sax.] the ordinal of fixtecn, or the fixth after the tenth. SIXTH, Adj. [JdhhaGolh. fsta. Sax. ^f;(/a,Lat.] the ordinal of fix, or the next in order beyond the fifth. SI'XTIETH, Adj. [fxteo^ctba, Sax.] the ordinal of fixty, or the fixth ten times re- peated. SrXTY, Adj [/xt'g. Sax.] fix times ten. SIZE, S. [ Johnfon fuppofes it llioull be eife, from mcija, Lat. or from ajjije, Fr.] the bulk of a body confidered as compared with that of another A fettled quantity or allowance. Any vifcous or glutinous fub- ftance. To SIZE, V. A. to arrange or place ac- cording to bulk. To bcfmear with any vifcous or glutinous fubftance. Hiding on the ice. SKEAN, S. [Ir. and Er k, fagnne, Sax.] a fhort fword or knife. SKEGGER, S. a fmall falmon, bred of fuch as never go into the fea. SKE'LE I ON, S [e-xi\:re(.Gr. from erxeX- Ai', Gr.j in anatomy, analTcmblagc of all the bon-sof an animal cleared from their flefh, and difpol'ed in their natural fituation. An afTembly of the principal parts. SKE'PTIC, SCE'PTIC, S. [from o-kstt- To^ai, Gr. ] one who doubts orpietends to doubt of every thing. SKE'PTICAL, SCE'PTICAL, Adj. be- longing to a Ikeptic ; pretending to doubt of every thing. SKE'P I ICISM, SCE'PTICISM, S. [/«/., ticifme, Fr.J a pretence or profeJiion of doubt- ing of every thing. SKETCH, S. [fchsdula, Lat.] an outline or rough draught. A plan. To SKETCH, V. N. to trace the outlines of a pi(fture. To lay down a rough draught or plan. SKE'WER, S. [Jkere, Dan.] a wooden or iron pin, ufed to keep meat in form. To SKE'WER, V. A. to fallen with fkewers. SKIFF, S.[j^//?, Teut. ef^utfhe, Yr.fcapha^ Lat. J a fmall light boat. SKI'LFUL, Adj. [from /kill and full] knowing j poflefling any art. SKILL, S. [ skU, in.] knowledge, vcadi- nefs of pra(ftice in any art. Any particular art. SKI'LLET, S. [efcutllet, Fr.J a fmall kettle or boiler. To SKIM, V. A. fee Scum. SKI'MBLESKAMBLE, Adj. wild j wan- dering. SKIN, S. [iheina, Run. skina, Dan.] the natural covering of flcfh. To SKIN, V. A. to flay or flrip the fkia off. To cover with fkia. To cover the furface, ufed with tmer. SKINK, S. [fcenc. Sax.] drink ; any thing portable. Pottage. To SKINK, V. N. Ifcencan, Sax.] to ferve drink. SKFNNY, Adj. confining only of fkin. Wanting flefh. To SKIP, V. N. [fquitt'tre, Ital. efjuirer, Fr. ] to fetch quicK bounds. To leap up or pafs by quick leaps. To leap for joy. To pafjt without notice, A^ively, to oiifs or pafs. SKIP, SLA SKIP, S. a light leap or bound. SKI'RMISH, S. [from ys and cann, Brit, the Ihout of wnr, efcarmoiiche, Fr.] a flight engagement, Icfs than a pitched battle. A conteft. To SKI'RMISH, V. N. [efcarmoucher, Fr.] to fight in fmall parties without coming to a genera! engagement. To SKIRRE, V. A. [from fcir. Sax.] to fcour ; to traverle in order to clear. Neu- terly, to fcuJ ; to run in hafte. SKIRT, S. [skurte, Ifl.] that part of a garment which hangs loofe below the waid. The edge of a garment. An edge or border of a country. To SKIRT, V. A. to border or run along the edge. ^ SKITTISH, Adj \Jiyc, Dan./cz&ew, Beig ] (hy, or eafily frighted. Wanton. Volatile} changeable ; fickle. SKONCE, S. fee Sconce. SKREEN, S. fee Screen. SKUE, Adj. [the etymology is uncertain] fidelong. See Askew. SKULL, S. [fiio/a, in.] fee Scull. SKY, S. [jZy, Ifl. and Dan.] the region of the clouds. The heavens. The weatlier. SKY'LICHT, S. a window which lets light in on the cieiing. SLAB, S. a puddle. A plain (lone. To SLA'BBKR, V. N. I Jlahben,jhbbcrn, Belg.] to let the fpittle fall out of the mouth. To fhed or pour any thing on one's cloaths, &c. SLA'BBY, Adj. vifcousj thick. Wet; fioody. SLACK, Adj.[/Mf, Szx.Jlakev, Ifl.] loofe, or not drawn tight. Remifs, or not diligent. Slow, applied to motion. Weak, or not holding fall. To SLACK, or SLAf KEN, V. N. to be remifs or negligent. To fail to pieces. To grow loofe. To languifh. Aftively, to loofen. To remit. To eafe. To relieve or unbind, applied to the mind. SLACK, S. coal broken into duft, SLACKNESS, S. want of tightnefs. At- tention, tendency, or force. SLAG, S. the drofs of metal. SLAIN, participle pafliive of Slay. To SLAKE, V. A. [according to Skinner from JJack j but rather from JJock, Ifl. to ex- tinguilh orquenchj to quench or extinguilh. To temper with water. To allay. Neuterly, to grow lefs tight. To SLAM,^ V. A. [kma. Id. fcb lagan ^Tic\g.\ ta flaughter or crufli. To fling a door to with violence. To SLh'ND-ER^V. A.[efcalaundre, Fr.fcan- dalum, Lat.] to fpeak ill of another falfcly. SLA'NDER, S. a falfe report or reproach. A difgrace. SLANG, pretcr of Sling. SLANT, or SLANTING, Adj, [JJar^d'e, 3elg.J Oblii^ue, ^ u s > S L E SLAP, S. [fch!ap, Tcut.] a blow with the hand open, or fomething flat. To SLAP, V. A. to ftrike with a flap. To SLASH, V. A. [Jlafa, Ifl.] to cut, or wound with long cuts. Neuterly, to ftrike at random witli a fword. SLASH, S. a cut or wound. A cut in cloth. SLATE, S. [from//V, or efcUte, Fr.] a grey fofllle flone, which eafily flits into thin pieces, and is ufed to cover houfes or to wriic on. To SLATE, V. A. to cover a roof with fla'e. SLA'TTERN, S. [JJactti, Swed.J a wo- man who is negligent and flovenly in her drefs. SLAVE, S. [efdave, Fr. Jlaga, KufT.Jluga, Sclav.] one taken prifonerin war, or brought and obliged to ferve a perfon during life. To SLAVE, V.N. to drudge or labour very hard. SLA'VER, S, [Jl^/a, Id. fullva, Lat.] fpittle running from the mouth. To SLA'VER, V.N. [fee Slabber] to be fmeared with fpittle. To let fpittle drop from the mouth. A£Hvely, to fmear with fpittle, SLA'VERY, S. the condition of a perfon who has lofl his liberty. SLAU'GH PER, S. [onjlaugt. Sax ofjlagan or /legaii, Six.] delira£iion by the fword, in- cluding the idea of multitude. To SLAU'GHTER, V, A. to malTacrcor kill. SLAU'GHTEPs.OUS, Adv, deHruclive ; murderous. SLAVISH, Adj. like a flave. Mean j bafe. To SLAY, V. A. [preter./ew, part. paff. JJahi \Jlaban, Goth f,ean, Sax.] to kill or put to death, SLEAZY, Adj. \Jlalcht, Goth, //V/^, Sax.] weak, or wanting fubftance. SLED, S. [Jlade, Rim. JJad, Dan,] a car- riage drawn without wheels, SLEDGE, S, [Jleeg, SdX.JJ^^ggia, Ifl,] a large heavy hammer, A carriage without wheels, or with very fliort ones j more pro- perly _/W, SLEEK, Adj. [JIaibt, Goth. Jlitbe, Sax. Jlcchf, Belg.] {mooth, Glofly. To SLEEK, V. A. to comb fmooth and even. To render foft, fmooth, or glofly. To SLEEP, V. N, [pret. and part, pafT. Jlept ; Jlepan, Goth, Jleepun, Sax,] to take one's reft with a total fufpenfion of all the faculties of the mind. To reft or be mo- tionlefs. To live without care or thought, followed by oTifr. To beinattCHtive, SLEEP, S, [Jlcp, Goth, Jla:p, S3LK.Jlef>e, RulT.] that ftate wherein the body feems per- fe^lyat reft, and external obje(fls aft on the orgnns of fenfe, without exciting their ufual fenfations, SLLE PLESS, S L I , •SLEEPLESS, Adj. without (leeping. SLEtTY, Adj. drowfyoruifpofedtuJleep. Not awake. Caufing flcep. SLEET, S. [JIa, Dan. J fmall hail or fnow failing in (ingle particles. To SLEEr, V. N. to fnow in fmall pav- iicles SLEEVE, S. Iff, Sax.] that part of a garment which covers the arras. A knot or fKain. " The raveU'dy/tt'i/,.' of care." Shak. Ts laugh in one's Jltt-vc, is to laugh at an- other unknown to him j from ftwve, Belg. a cover. To hang on onesjiccvcy is to be de- pendant. SLEE'VELESS, Adj. wanting fleeves 5 without fieeves. Wanting propriety or efie^^t. Unreafonable, or groiindiefs. SLEIGHT,S. [/.y'rf, Ifl.j an artful trick. Sieigot of hand, the tricks or dexterity of a juggler. SLE'NDER, Adj. {ficndW, Be!g. ] thin or frnall in circumference. Small in the waift. Not biiiky or flrong. Small, applied to income. SLEPT, participle of Sleep. SLEW, preter. of Slav. To SLEY, V. A, to part or twift into threads. T« SLICE, V. N. \flnten. Sax,] to cut into fiat pieces, or parts. To cut or divide. SLICE, S. !_///?£-, Sax.]a bro.id piece cut olF. A broad head fixed in a handle. ' SLID, preter. of Slide. To SLIDE,V. N. [preter. yZiJ, pa.rt. pa>T. ft'idder. ; fi'idan, flidcnde. Sax. J to pafs along fmoothly. To move without lifting up the feet. To pafs unnoticed. To pafs infenfibJy from good to bad. Actively, to pafs imper- ceptibly, ufed with in. SLIDE, S. a fmooth and eafy paflage. A fmooth path worn on the ice by Hiding. A flow or even courfe. SLIGHT, Adj. [jVicht, Helg.] fmall or in- xonfidcrate, applied to value. Weak, applied . to argument or ftrength. SLIGHT, S. a contemptuous negleft. An artifice. To SLIGHT, V. A. to negleift or con- temn. To difregard. To treat or pciform farelefsly. SLI'GHTNESS.'S. weaknefs. Negli- gence or difregard. SLIM, Adj. (lender. SLIME, S. [/;•«, Sax. //^w, Eclg.] vif- cous mire. SLl'M Y, Adj. vilcous; covered with/lime. SLING, S. [Jlingan, S3\.J}ingen, Belg.j a kind of weapon made with a flrap and t«o firings, by which a body is call at a dillancc, by jirking it and loofing one of the (trings. A bandage worn to fupport a broken iJMib. 'i'o SLING, V. A. to throw by a fling. To hang loofcly by a firing. To move oi raife by means of a rope and crane. S L O To SLINK, V. N. [pvcttr. funk i finger, Sax.j to fneak or fled out of the way. Ac- tively, to mifcarry of. To SLIP, V. N. [fipan. Sax. flippe», Belg.j to fliJc or not tread firm. To move or fly unexpectedly out of it? place. To move ilily or unperceived. To fall into a fault or error. To efcape or be worn out of the me- mory. A(flively, to convey fecretly. To lofc by negligence. To feperate twigs from a tree by te^iring them off, To let loofe, applied to a dog. To throw ofl'any reltraint. To pais over negligently, slip', S. the aftof flipping; a falfc ftep. An error or millake. A f.vig from the .T.ain flock. A leafh or firing in which a dog is held. An efcape. A long narrow piece. A narrow gallery on the lides of the theatre. : SLi'PPER, S, a Ihoe^ fometimes without* hind quarter, SLl'PPERY, Adj. fmocth, glib ; not af- folding firm footing. Hard to hold or keep. Uncertain. Fickle. Unchafte, To SLIT, V.A. [preter. and ^art. fit, and fitud-Jlitan, Sax.] to cut lengthwife. SLLi', S. [Sax.j a long cut, or narrow opening. To SLIVE, or SLI'VER, V. A. [//A«, Sax. J tofplit, or cut offa large piece length- wife. SLI'VER, S, a flit ; or a large piece cut ofi: SLO'BBER, S. fee Slabber. To SLOCK, V. N. {fock.n, Swed: and Dan.] to flake j to quench. SLOE, [ fj, Sax.y/ow, Dan.] the fruit of the black thorn. SLOOP, S. a fmall fiiip. To SLOP, V. A. to fcatter w^ater about.1 SLOP, S. [Sax.77ww, Bclg.] a pair of trowfcrs or open breeches. Mean and vile liquor of any kind. SLOPE, Adj. [fjf>, Belg loofe ; loopen, Belg.] obliqne, declining; applied to any fur- face, one of whofe fides approaches nearerthe groimd than the other. SLOPE, S. an oblique direflion or declin- ing furface To SLOPE, V. A. to form a (hape ob- liquely. Neuterly, to declare. SLO'PPY, Adj. [fee Sr.op] miry or wet. To SLOT.V. k.[fuglai, Belg.j to Itrike or clafh hard, SLOT, S. [fod, in.] the track of a deer. SLOTH, S. [fanvth-.f.-nvth. Sax. ] want of vigi«ur or expedition. Lazinefs SLO'THFUL, Adj. fiow in motion or action. SLOUGH,S, [formerly fpelt/ortcA ^fufh- xifi, Sclav.] a downcafl look ; a perfbn who has an ungainly, heavy clownifh look. To SLOUCH, V. N. to have a downcafl clownilh look. SLO'VEN, S, [facf, Bdg.yfywft, Brit.] a man S M A a man who has no regard to neatnefs or clean- nefsofdrefs. SLOUGH, S. \iflog, Belg.] a deep miry place. A hole full of dirr. The (kin which a ferpent has cad off. The foul p^irt of a fore. SLOW, Adj. \f<-!nv, Jlatv, Sax. Jlcuiv, Frif.] wanting fwiftnefs, applied to motion. Late, applied to time. Dull, or inadtive. Not eafily provoked. In compofition, it has the fenfe of an adverb. SLOW- WORM, S. [faivrym. Sax.] the blind worm. To SLU'BBER, V. A. [perhaps from lubber, or f.Mcr'\ to do any tiling in an im- perfeift or lazy manner. To ftain or daub. To cover in a coarfe manner. SLUDGE, S. dirt mixed with water. SLUG, S. [Dan, Jloch, Belg.] a heavy, fleepy, and lazy perfon. An obftrudion. A flow creeping fnail. An oval piece of metal nfed in loading a gun, from jlccg^ Sax. a ham- mer head. To SLUG, V. N. to be hzy or move fiowly. SLU'GGARD, S, a perfon too much given to fleep and lazinefs. SLU'GGISH, Adj, lazy j drowfy ; (loth- ful. SLU'GGISHNESS, S. (loth ; lazinefs. SLUICE, S. [pyfe, Belg. elduje, Fr fclufa, Ttal,] a Watergate or vent for water that is pent up. To SLUICE, V. A, to let out by flood- gates. To wet with a large quantity of wa- ter. To SLU'MBER, V, N. {Jlumera!i,Si^. Jluymcrcn, Belg.] to (leep (lightly or imper- feilly. Figuratively, to be in a flate of negligence. A£lively, to be afleep. To ftun. SLU'MBER, S. light and impcrfeft fleep SLUNG', the preter, and participle pad. of Sling. SLUNK, the preter. and part. pafE of Si. INK. To SLUR, V. A. [foorig, Belg.] to fully or foil. To pafs lightly ; to baulk or mifs. To cheat. SLUR, S. a faint reproach. A light dif grace. SLUT, S. [JloJJe, Belg.] a woman who regards neither cleanlinefs or decency in drefs or bufincfs. SLY, Adj. \Jlhh, Sax./c, Rufl.J fccretly infidious or malicious. Crafty. SLY'NESS, S. [fromyi>J the quality of being de(igneJly artful. To SMACK, V. N. [fniacken, Sax.] to have a tafte. To make a noifo by the Hid- den fcperation of the lips after havine; prefled tlicm Itronglv together To kif., fo as to be h-ird. Adlively, to make a quick and ff.art noife. SMACK, S. a taOe, or favour, A fmall S M I quantity. A loud kifs. A fmart and fliarf noife. A fmall fhip, i\omft:acca,\l\. SMALL, Adj. [Sax. /•;.•«/, Mg. finjian, Ifl.] little in lize, quantity, quality, impor- tance, or value. SMALL-COAL, S. little wood coals ufcd in lighting fires. SMALL-CRAFT, S. a little vefTcl below the rank of a Ihip. SMALL-POX, S. a contagious difeafe, confilHng of a. general eruption, of podule? tending to fuppuration, and accompanied witli a fever. SMALT, S. a blue colour in powder ufei in painting ; blue enamel. SMA'RAGDINE, Adj. made of emerald 5 refembling emerald, SMART, S, [fmcorta, Sax. fmert, Belg.] a quick, (harp, aud pungent pain, applied both to the body and mind. To SMART, V. N. {fweort<i>!. Sax. pnerten, Belg. ] to feel a quick and lively pain, either of body or mind. SMART, Adj. caufing a (liarp pain. Quick, vigorous, or adive. Brifk. SMART, S. a perfon remarkably brLTc, lively, and neatly dve(red. SMATCH, S. [corrupted kom fmack] a tafte or twang. To SMA'TTER, V. N. to have a flight tafle or afupcrficiil and imperfed knowledge. To talk ignorantly. SMA'i'TER, S, imperfecl or fuperficial knowledge, SMA'TTFRER, S. one that has a fuper- ficial knowledge. To SMEAR, V. A. Ifmeran, Sax./wwf», Belg.] to fpread with any'thiDg vifcousj t9 foil. To SMELL, V. N. to ftrike the noftrik; to have a particular fcent, SMPXL, the fenfe of which the nofe \s the organ ; fcent, SMELT, the pret. and part. pafT oifmdt. To SMELT, V. A. [fme/ten, Belg.j to melt ore, fa fo as to extracft the metal. To SMERK, V. A. [fmerdan, Sax.j to fmile or look wantonly. SMl'CKET, S. a woman's fliift. To SMILE, V. N. [fmuylcn, Belg.] to look pleafant or joyous. SMILE, S. a look of pleafuie or kinJ- ncfs. To SMIRCM, V, A. to cloud ; to du/k ; to foil. fo SMITE, V. A. [preterite fmote, part. pad. />.'/;> or fmittcn, f lom finir,in ,S,,ix fm',jt,-n, Belg.] to ftrike ; to kill ; to afflid; to blaft j to affeift will) any padlon. SMITH, S. [f,mt{>, Sax. /»j«;^, Teut.J one who forges with a hammer. One who works in metals. A perfon who nxakes any thing. SMI'THERY, or SMl'THY, S. the (hop or fyrgc of a fmith. SMITTEN^ SNA SMI'TTEN, participle padive of Smite. SMOCK, S. [fmoc, Sax.] the under linen garment of a woman. Ufed ludicioufly for any thin;; belonging particularly to a woman. SMO'CKFACED, Adj. pale-faced ; hav- ing a beardlcfs face. SMOKE, S. [/«off,Sax./w5c<:i, Belg.]the footy or blackifli cloud which afcends from any thing burning. To SMOKE, V. N. to caufe a dark cloud cr exhalation from any thing burning. Figu- ratively, to burn or be kindled. To move ■with fuch rapidity as to raife duft or fmoke. To ufe tobacco in a pips. To fmell or hunt out. Actively, to fcent or dry in fmoke. To fmell or find out. To fjieer or ridicule to one's face. SMOOTH, Adj. {fn-.eth, fmoetb. Sax. t having no unevennefs or afperity on the lurface. GlofTy j equal, or without any bounds or jirks, applied to motion. Mild or foothing. To SMOOTH, V. A. to level or make a furface even. To free from pbftrudions. To free fromharlhnefs, applied to found. To pal- liate or foften, applied to excufe. To calm or mollify. Toeafe. SMOTE, prcccr of Smite, To SMO'lHER, V. A. [Jmorati, Sax,] to fuffocate by fmoke, or by the oppreffion of fomething which hinders a perfon from breathing. Figuratively, to fupprefs. Neu- ferly, to fmoke without vent. To be fuppref- fcd or kept low. SMOTHER, S. a great vapour or fmoke. SMOL'LDERING, or SMOU'LDRY, Part. Adj. [J/rccly Belg.] burning or fnioking for want of vent. SMUG, Adj. [fmucken, Belg.] nicej fprnce ; dreffed neatly. To SMU'GGLE, V. A. [Jmockehtt, Belg ] to run goads, or to import or export gouds without paying the curtom?. SMU'GGLER, S. one who imports or ex- ports goods without paying the cufloms. SMUT, S. [fmitta. Sax. fmettcy Belg.] fmccke, RuH".] a fpot made with foot or coal. Blacknefs gathered on corn. Immodefl lan- guage. To SMUT, V. A. to (lain or mark with foot or coal. To tarnifh with mildew. To SMUTCH, V. A. to blacken with imoke. SNACK, f from/»«/<ri]*a (hare. SNA'FFLE, S. [fravel, Belg.] a bridle which crolTes the nofc. SNAG, S. [the etymology uncertain] a jag or (harp protuberance. A tooth left by iticlf, or (landing out beyond the reft. SNAIL, S. I _/;:^^/, Sax. /nf|./, Belg.] a flimy animal which creeps with its (hell on iti back. Figuratively, a flow or fluggifh perfon. SNAKE, S. [/k^m, Sax. fnake, Belg.] a fcrpent »f the oviparous kind. S N I To SNAP, V. A. to break at once, or toj break Ihort. To flrike with a fnapping noife. j To bite. To catch fuddenly and micxpeft- edly. To treat with (harp langu^age. Neu- terly, to be brittle or break with a fniart noife. To make an effort to bite. SNAP, S. the aft of breaking (hort. A greedy perfon. A quick and eager bite. A morfd or bite. SNA'PPISH, Adj. peevifhj furlyj lliarp in reply. SNA'PSACK, S. [Swed.] a foldier's bag. SNARE, S. [fnara, Swed. fnan, Dan.] any thing fet to catch an animal. Any thing in which a perfon is entrapped, or brought unwarily into danger. To SNARE, V. A. to entrap. ToSNARL, V. N. [f>:arren, Belg.] to growl, applied to the noife made by a dog, &c. when angry. Figuratively, to fpeak rough, or in fharp language. To SNATCH, V. A. [fnacken, Eclg.] to feize any thing haftily. To tranfmit or carry fuddenly. Neuterly, to bite or catch at fome- thing eagerly. SNATCH, S. an hafty and eager catch or feizure, A (hort fit of vigorous adlion. A fmall or broken part. To SNEAK, V. N. [fnkan, Sa%. fnige, Dan.] to creep flily ; to come or go as if afraid to be fcea. To behave in a mean and fcrvile manner. SNE'AKER, S. alargeveffel of drink. SNE'AKING, Part, Adj. fcrvile; mean. Covetous ; niggardly. To SNEAP, V. A. [a corruption of/«;>, or flap, a reprimand] to reprimand or check. To nip. SNEAP, S. a check or reprimand. To SNEER, V. A. [properly derived from the fame root as fnore or frcrt'\ to (how contempt by an oblique look. To (how contempt obliquely. To praifc in a jeering manner. SNEER, S. the aftofpraifing ironically. A look of contemptuous ridicule. To SNEEZE, V. A. [nie/av. Sax. niefen, Belg.] to expel wind forcibly and audibly through the nofe. To SNIB, V. A. [fn'Mt, Dan,] to check, nip, or repriinand. SNICK and SNEE, S. a combat with knives. To SNI'CKER, V. N. [or /nigger] to laugh fliiy, or laugh in one's fleeve. To SNIFF, or SNI'FFLE, V, A. [fmfa, Swed.] to draw the breath audibly up the nofe. ToSNI'GGLE, V. N. to catch eels in their holes by means of a hook baited and tied to a cord. To SNIP, V. A. ifnlppen, Belg.] to cut at once with fcilfars. SNIP, S. a cut made with fciflars. A fmall (hred. 3 SNIPE, s o SNIPF, S. a fmall fen fowl. Figuratively, a fool or blockhead. To SNIPE, V. A. [ fnitan. Sax.] to blow the nofe. SNI'VEL, S. [fr.a-oe!, ox Jnevel, Teut.] the vifcous humour of the nofe. To SNI'VEL, V.N. toiun at the nufc. Figuratively, to cry like a child. To SNORE, V. N. [ Jnorken, Belg.] to breath audibly through the nofe in fleep. , SNORE, S. an hard and audible breathing through the nofe in lleep. To SNORT, V. A. [Jnorken, Bclg.] to ■ breath (hort and audibly through the nofe like a high mettled horfe. SNOT, S. [Bclg. /wff. Sax.] the vifcous humour of the nofe. bNOUT, S. [/r;KV^, Belg.] the aofe of a hog, &c. The nofe of a man, in contempt. The nofe or end of any epen pipe. SNOW, S. [fenah, Goth, fr.a-w. Sax ] a meteor formed in the middle region of the air of vapours raifed by the fun, &c. whofe parts are there congealed and returned to the earth in white flakes. ' To SNOW, V.N. {fnaivan,Szyi.fmeu- iven, Belg.] to fall in white flakes. SNO'WY, Adj. white like fnow. A- bounding with fnow, SNUB, S. [fnebhe, Belg.] a jag or knot in wood. A check or reprimand. To SNUB, feeSNiB. ToSNUDGE, V.N. [fnlger,T)m.] to lie clofe or fnug. SNUFF, S. [fnuf, Belg.] that part of the wick of a c?ndle which is burnt black and be- comes iifelefs. A candle almoft burnt out. Refentment exprefTed by drawing the breath audibly up the nofe. Tobacco ground to powder taken up the nofe. To SNUFF, V. A. [fmffcn, BtXg.] to draw up the nofe together with the breath. To fcent. To crop the wick of a candle. Neuterly, to fnort or draw the breath by the nofe. 'Jo (how contempt by drawing the breath audibly up the nofe. SNU'FFERS, S. an inflrument with which the wick of a burning candle is clip- ped. ToSNU'FFLE, V.N. [ fnuffelert, Be\g.] to fpcak through the nofe. To SNUG, V.N. [fr.iger, Belg.] to lie clofe. SNUG, Adj. clofe or free from inconve- nience or notice. To SNUG, or SNUGGLE, V. N. to lie clofe together. SO, Adv. [fwa, Goth, and Sax. /oo, Belg. yi, Teut.] when anfwering to aj, in like manner. In fuch a degree or manner. Thus. For this caufe or reafon. When anfwered by as, on thefe terms, or on this condition. Provided. When ufcd as an abrupt beginning of a fentence, it implies, well. So wuibtis, implies how much foever.. SOD Scfo, Implies Indiifercntly. So then, implies, therefore. •Jo SOAK, V. N. [foclan. Sax.] to Ke fome time (ieeped in muifrure To enter by degrees into the pores. To drink intcmpe- rateiy. Actively, to keep in moifturc till it penetrates. SOAl\ S, \fape, Sax*, fapo, I.at.] a fiib- (lance ufed in walliing, made of a lixivium «£ vegetable alhcs, and fome unduous lubAance. 60'AP-bOILER, S. One who makes foap. To SO.AR, V. N. [forare, Itai.] to fly or mount ulott without any vifibie motion of the wings. I'o mount or rife high. SO/iR, S. a towering flight To SOB, V. N. \fioban, Sax.fohhen, Belg.] to fetch a convulfive figh. To heave audibly with coHvuluvL- forrow, SOB, S. a convulfive fi^h caufeJ by forrow obflruiftiiig the refpiration. SO'BER, Adj. [foire, Fr. fobnus, Lat.] temperate, or not intoxicated with liquors. Not overpowered by drink ; free from any inordinate pafiion. Serious or grave. To SO'BER, V. A. to care or free from druiikcnnefs. SO'BERKESS, orSOBRI'ETY, S. [/,- /iriet/, Fr.] temperance in drink. Freedom from any inordinate paffion. Coolnefs. SOCCAGE, S. f jec, Fr.] in lawa tenure of lands by fomehufbandry fervice performed to the lord of the fee, SO'CIABLE, Adj. [Fr. fodailli!, Lat.] fit to be joined together. Friendly ; convcr- fiblc ; inclined to company. SO'CIABLENESS, S. the quality of be- ing affable 5 inclined to and fit for company. SO'CIAL, Adj. [fcclalis, Lat.] relating t« fociety. Fit for company or converfation. SOCIETY, S. [/*.i.< Fr./onV/as, Lat.] the union of many in one common interetl. Several perfons united together by rules in one common intereft. Company. Partnerlhip. SOCK, S. [Jcc, Sax. fock], Belg. /<jrcw, Lat.] fomething put in a fhoe between the fole and the foot. The fhoe of the ancient comedians. Poetically, co.mcdy. SO'CKET, S. [fouckctte, Fr.] any hol- low pipe ; generally applied to the hollow part of a candlcftick: The hollow of the eye ; a cavity in which any thing is infert- ed. SOD, S. [foed, Belg. fud, Perf. fudou:^ Rufl. baked] a turf or clod. SOD, preter of Seethe. SODA'LITY, S. a fellowfhip ; a frater- nity. SO'DDEN, part, padive of Seethe. To SO'DER, or SOLDER, V. A. [fcudtrt Fr.Jcudcren, Belg. but generally fpclt yj/Ar, and then derived hom Jo/dare, Fr. or foUdo^ Lat.] to cement or join !)y metal. SO'DER, or SOLDER, S. mctalufei in joining things together. SODO'MY, SOL SODO'MY, S. bu!:cei7 ; n fii) of the flefti ■G;ainft nature ; {o called bccaufe commilted by the inlKibitants of Sodom, SOEVER, Adv. at all j any ; generaUy nfed ia compofition with feme pronoun. SO' FA, S. [Arab.] a fplendid feat covered with carpets. SOFT, Adj. rSax./i/?,Belg.]caniy yields ing to the touch, oppofcd to hard. Sumptu- ous or delicate, applied to drefs. Diidile 5 yielding; niild ; meek, applied to temper. Timorous. liafy or gentle, appled to mo- tion. Effemii-nteiy pice. Weak or hin pie, applied to the imderftanding. Gentle or low, applied to found. SOFT, Interjeft. (lop ; hold ; not fo fafl. To SO'FTEN, V. A. to make fo as it may cafily retain or yield to any impredion. To molify, compofc, or make Icfs angry er fierce. To affeft with pity. Neuterly, to grow kfs hard, Icfs cruel, orlefs obflinate. SO'FTN'I'SS, S. the quality of being foft. Mildnefs ; civility. SO.HO, Intcrj. a form of calling at a diftance. _ To SOIL, V. A. r//w?:, Sax.] to make dirty j to rtain j to change the colour by. dirt. To dung. SOIL, S, dirt or foulnefs. Ground, or earth confidered with refpeiH; to its qualities for grosvth, from /f/, Fr. folu;?:, Lat. A country or land. Dung. To SO'JOURN, V. N. [foujcurnei; Yr.fcg- giornare, Ital. j to dwell in a toreign country for a time. To SO'LACE, V. A. {JchcUr, Fr. jolaz.- ViHre, Ital. fc'r.tiun:, Lat.] t« comfort, or make a perfon lefs fenfible of calamity. Neutsrly, to take comfort. SO'LACE, S. comfort. Any thing which renders a perfon lefs fenfible of calamity. SO'LAR, SO'LARY, Adj. [ fo/are, Fr. folaris, Lat.] Jjeing of, or belonging to, the fun. SOLD, prefer, of Sell. SO'LDAN, S. fee Sultam. ToSO'LDER, V. A.feeSoDER. SO'LDIER, S. [joldat, ¥t.oi folidarhny Lat. I a perfon who ferves under a command- er in an army; originally one who fights for pay. SO'LDIERY, S. the body of foldiers. SOLE, S. [Jul, Per, a.w/, Arm.] the bottom of the foot. Figuratively, the foot. That part of a Ihoe which reftson the ground. A flat filh. To SOLE, V, A. to put a new fole on a flioe. SOLE, Adj. [fol, Fr.filus, Lat.] fiagle; only. In law, not married, SO'LECISM. S. [^:-KoiMi<Tjx(x, Gi,] an improper cx,^rcfT^on.. SO'LEMN, Adj. [Jl!,!!:m, Lat. foletnnfl, Fr.] grave, awful ; performed with reverence and gravity. SOL SOLEMNITY, S. [folcmr.r'c, Fr.] a fc^ ligious, grave, or awful ceremony, or prc- (llOlli SOLEMNIZA'TION, S. the aft of cele- brating. To ^Q/LEMNIZE, V. A. [/o/r^mj^r, Fr.} to perfoim the ceremonies of any particular rite. To ct lel>r ite. To SOLI'CIT, V. A. [folidto, Lat.] to' afk with great importunity. To excite. Ta attemot, or try to obtain. SOLICIT A'TION, S. importunity; in- vitation. SOLI'CITOR, S, a petitioner for ano- ther. In Law, a perfon who docs in Chan- cery the bufinefs which is done by attorneys in other courts. SOLI'CITOUS, Adj. Ifoiicitou!, Lat.] anxi- ous, careful, or concerned ; ufed with about and fometimes w'nh for or o/'before the tiling which caufes anxiety ; butyir is moft proper before fomethino which is to be obtained. SOLI'CITUDE, S. anxiety. SO'LID, Adj. [J'Jide, Fr. fiUdus, Lat.] having its parts fo clofely connefted, as not to flip or give way on prefliire, oppofed to fluid. Compaft, or full of matter, oppofed to hollow. Strong, oppofed to weak. Real or true, oppofed to falacious. Grofs, op- pofed to light. SO'LID, S, a thing wbofe parts will not give way to any flight impreffion. In geome- try, the tbiid ip^cies of magnitude, contain- ing length, brcai^th, and depth. SOLI'DITY, S. a propcTty of matter whereby it excludes other bodies from the place which it pofTefics itfelf. Firmnefs ; hardnefs. Truth. Certainty. SOLI'LOQIJY, S. \Joti!ocue, Ir.fclus, and kquor, Lat.] a difcourie held in folitude, or by a perfon who utters his thoughts in words> though no one is prefent, SOLITA'IRE, S. [Fr.] a reclufe or her- mit. An ornament for the neck. SOLITARY, Adj. [Jolitalre, Yr. folita- rhrs, Lat.] living alone, remote from com- pany. Single. SO'LITUDE, S. the ftate of a perfon who is at a diftancc from company. A place re- mote from company or any populous city. SOLLAR, S. [ fobrlutn, low Lat. ja garret. SO'LO, S. (Itid.j atunefung.by a finglc perfon or played by a fingle inlhument. SO'LSTICE, S.' [ Ft./olftititm, Lat.] that point in the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer beyond which the fun never goes, and feems to red for fome days. SOLSTITIAL, Adj. belonging to die folftice. . - : ■ SO'LUBLE, Adj. IfuiubHis; Lat-l oapa- ble of having its • -rts feparated or difiblvcd. SO'LUIULITV.S. capable of being fepa- rated or difTolved. To SO'LVE, V. A. Z.fck'0, Lzt.} to clear or explain any tiling ditficulc. . - SO'L.- sou SO'LVENCY, S. abiilry to pay. SOLU'TJON, S. [Fr. Js.'utio, Lat.] the aft of explaining any thing difficult. The aift of feperating or diflolving. Any thing whofe parts are fepaiated or diflblvcd. SOMATO'LOGY, S. [o-%-i« and Xa>a, Gr.] the doftrine of" bodies. SOTvIE, [from^^vw, S:ix.] is iifedin com- pofition after adjciflives and lubftantives, and implies much or a great degree. SOME, Adj. [J'cmi fum. Sax.] more or lefs ufed indeterminately. Certain perfons. A little. One or any. SO'ME-BODY, S. a perfon. A perfon of dignity. SO'MERSAULT, SO'MERSET, S. Fr. \^fommers, Fr. a ham, faut, Fr. a lejp. Ss- nerfet is only a corruption J a leap by vvhicli a perfon flings himfelf from or over a beam, and turns oVer his head at the fame time. SOMERSETSHIRE, one of the counties of Enghtnd, fo called from Somertuo, for- merly its principal town. Jt is bounded by Devonfhirc on the W. Dorfetfliire on the S, the Briftol channel or Severn fea on the N. a Imall part of Gloiiceflerlhire on the N.E.and Wiltlhire on the E. This is a very rich and large county, being about fixty mile; long from Oure in the W. to Froome in the E. and about fifty where breaded, from Crevv- kernc in the S. to Porfhut in the N. In it are three cities, 42 hundreds 132 vicarages, 385 parifhes, near 1700 villages, and 30 market towns. It fends eighteen members to parliament, two for the county, and two for each of the following places, viz. Briftol, Bath, Wells, Taunton, Bridgewater, Ilchcfler, Milbourne port, and Minchcad. It contains about zSojCco fouls. The air is the mildeft, and the foil for the mofi part is the richeft in all England, the produce of an acre being fometimes from forty and fifty to fixty bufhels of grain. It is deep and dirty travelling through this county in winter, the moft mar- fhy parts lying between Bridgewater and Ax- bridge ; but in Aimmer there is not that Jength of ground in the kingdom which is fmootherand more pleafant. The wertern and eaflern parts are hilly and (lony j and though fome roads are fplafliy, the bottom is firm. As its foil varies, f« does it pro- duce. It abounds with grain of all kinds, Supplying home and foreign merk>ts with Vaft quantities. The hills yield mines of coal, lead, and copper. Wood thrives here extremely ; and teazles, a fort of thiflics, which the clot'h-drcflcr.i ufe, hardly grow in any place elfe. Ocre is dui; on and about the Mcndip hills { and of lapis calaminaris, (without which and copper no brafs can be made) there is more dug up in this county than in all the kingdom befides. From the richnefsofthe paflureshere are produced vaft <}uantities ofchetfe, of which the beft and ViggeCt arc made at Chedder, not iufsrier to SON Parmefjn. Its oxen are of equal maf^nitu<^c with thofe of Lancalhire and Linc(5lnlhire, and faid to be of r finer texture ; its val!eys feed and fallen great numbers of flieep, ;.nd thofe of the largeft fize. The maftiffs of this county are the boldcfr of all others of the kind at buU-bairing, Here are manufaiftured all forts of cloth, as broad and narrow ker- feys, druggets., ferges, duroys, and fhalloons; together with fcockings and buttons. In the S. E. parts are alfo made great quantities of lincn. The largeft hills in'^ Somcrfetfhire are Mendip, Pouldon, and Qu?.ntock; the firfc abounding with lead and coal, the fecond with corn-fields, and the third with whurts or whirtleberrics; of which the middling and ordinary pe pie make piec, or eat them only with milk, &c. They are as large as currants, being black when ripe, and of a pungent tafte. Thcfe hills, cfpecijlly Mendip, take diflereiit denominations, according to the paridies they confine on. The people of Somerfet are plain, downright, and free-hearted; but, as one of their own natives obferves, who thinks he knows their temper, " They are charpc- able, in general, with a little too much pofi- tivenefs, biuntnefs, orreferve in converfation; too great a contempt of letter!!, and too mi;ca indifference for the reft of the world, poflibly from their having too high an opinion of their own portion in it ; yet undoubtedly this fliire has produced great men in arms and arts, church and ftate ; we have had our Courcies,^ Gournayj, and Blakes, in war ; our Harringtons and Lockes in fcience ; our Hoopers and Hales in the church ; our Pow- lets, Portmans, Pophams, in the ft:ite ; with many others of great note in that clafs,'* This county, wliich is in the diocefe of Bath and Wells, formerly gave tit!; of Earl, and afterwards of Puke, to the Seymour.s, de- fceuded from Edward Duke of Somcrfet the protc(flor, and uncle to king Edward VI. SO'MEHOW, Adv. one way or another. I know not )iow. SO'METHIXG, S. [fup^thwg. Sax.] more than nothing. A part. More or Icfs. Adverbially in fome degree. SO'METIME, Adv. formerly. SO'METIMES, Adv. now and then j at particular times. SO'MEWHAT, Adv. in fome degree. SO'MEWHERE, Adv. in fome place or other. SOMNITEROUS, Adj. [fcmn-fer, Lat.] caufing fleep. SO'MNOLENCY, S. (leepinefs. SON, S. [ pronounced yi^« .- funus, Goth, foTOim, Ifl. funa., Sax. furie, RulH /yn, Sclav. Boh. and Pol. jic.vw, Dalm. fohn. Teat, fart, Swed. /a»f, Belg.] a male child. A nativr , S'ON-IN-LA\V, S. a man married to one's daughter. SONA'TA, S. fital.] a tune wholly per- formed by inllruments, 3 I SONG, S O R SONG, S. Ifrug, Sax.] any words fet lo mufic, A Pocri^ 1 he notes of birds. Poetr^'. Sc':g is proverbial for a trifle. SO'NNEIT, S. [Fr.pnittr, Ital.] a poem contained in.J4 verfes, having two flanzas of four verfes, and two of three verfes each, the eij^ht firft being all in two rii;nies, and the lall: containing fomething (hikingly beautiful. It is fuppofed to be invented by Petrarch. SOKORl'FICK, Adj. [for.orusdni fjclo, Lat,] giving or biinging {bund. ' SO'NOROUS, A'^dj. [J'.norc, Tr.fnoius, Lat.] loud ; founding SOU SO'RROWFUL, Adj. grieving for (GmC good lolh SO'RRY, Adj. [fong. Sax.] grieved for the lofe of fome good. Vile or worthlefs, from fa:<r, III. filth. SORT, S. [forie, Fr.] a kind, fpecies, or cLfs. A manner or degree. To SORT, V. A. [fcnic; Lat. ajpirthe, Ital.j to feparate into diltinct fpecies, clanis, ranks or ciders. To conjoin or put together, followed by-zi'/V/i. To red i!ce to order from a Hate of confafion. Neiuerly, to be joined with others of the fame fpecies, followed by "•nth. SO'RTMENT, S. the aCi of feparating SOON, Adv. \ funs, Goth. /oM, Sax. J _ , - - . _ ., Jhortly after any affigned time. i:.;rly, op- i into diflinfl kinds or fpecies, or of producing pofed to late. Readily. Ai foon as, imme-fro.ni a frate of difordei- iato one ot order. A diitely after. At the very time or in llant. | parcel forted. SOOT, .S. fpronounoed fut : /;;-, Sax.] fmoak fixed and detained in a chimney SOOTH, S. [fc'Jj, Sax.] truth. To SOOTH, or SOOTHE, V. A. \ge- fctkrun. Sax.] to flitter or pleafe. To fufttn TA^e, pain, or any Inordinate pafilon. To gratify. ToSOO'TKSAY, V.N. [fee Sooth, the nounl to fori:tell To SOSS, V. N. to fit lazily, or fall at once in a chair. SOT, S. [fcU,Tr. and Belg.] a ftupid perfon, A perfjn lliipiSed by drinking. SO'VEREIGN, Adj . [jcu'irraia, Fr. fowa- 110, Sp^n. j fupreme, or having no fupetior in power. Of riic preatcft c<Tic.icy. BO'Vf RP:IG^K\ S. a fupreme ruler. SO'VEREIGNTY, S. {jcuvei-awte, Fr.] SOb'THSAYER, 3. one who foretells' hi^lT^flpbcc, power or excellence, future events. • SOUGH, S. f /;:/;, Fr,] a drhtn «uder SO'O TY^, Adj. confining of, or daubed gj-ound. ■with, foot SOP, S. [/o/>, Sax./tf/x/, Span.]bread ftcep- ei in liqvaor or dripping. To SOP, \' A. to iicep in Jiipping or li- quor. SOPHI, S. [Pcrf.] the emperor of Perfia. SO'PHISM, S. [fophifma, Lat.] an argu- ment which carries the appearance of truth, but lends a perfon inxo error. SOPHI'STICAL, Adj. partaking of the nature of a fophifm. Fallacioully fubtle. To SOPHISTICATE, V. A. [fepHjri- ifutr, Fr.l to corrupt or adulterate. SOTmSTRY, S. fallacious reafoning. SO'RCERER, S. [forclcr^ Fr.] a con- jurer or magician. SO'RCERY, S. magic. SO'RDID, Adj. [forJiJus, Lat.] foul; gtofs ; filthy. Mean ; b j/c. Covetous, from fcrdlde, Fi SOUL, S. { fnvd. Say:, fjel, Dan.] the immaterial utbttancc which animates ou'r bodies. A vital and ad>ive principle. Spiiit or eilence. Inward power. A perfon. SOUND, Adj. [farid,S-dx.] healthy, or without wounds. Kight, applied to know- ledge. Stout. Fat! or profound, applied t» deep. SOUND, S. [fciuL; Fr.j a fiialtow fta ■which may be founded. A probe ufed by furgeons to examine what is out of the reach of their fingers. A perception raifed iu the foul by means of air put into motion, and vibrating on the drum of the ear, from/o«, Fv.foKus, Lat. To SOUND, V. A. tofearch with a plum- n^et. To try or examine. Neuterly, to mifke a noife. To excite an idea by likenefs or found, from/iirs, Lat. To caufe to make a noife. SOU'NDI^Y, Adv. heartily; ffoully ; SORt, -. [fir. Sax. few: Dan.] a place , nchtlv. Fall, applied to ikep. which is.tcu'ler, painful, and has the Ikin o.*f. j SOUP, S. \ foype, Fr.] a liquor made bj SORE, Adj. painful when touched. Ealily boiling iielli down. Tcxed. Vexed. ^ SOUR, Adj. [fur,furig. Sax. fur, Brit. SORE, Adv. {fetr, Belg.] with painful UJ.ur, Pcrf. Heb.] Iharp to the tafte ; peevilh veliemtnce. With great reluctance or ] or crabbed of temper. Painful or difagreea- dBifted violence. . . - r,- SO'RRILY, Adv. in a mean, wretched, or defpicable manner. SO'RROW, S. [ fir^, Dan.] uneafinds or grref arifing from fomc good loft. To SO'RROW, V. N.' [faur^an, Goth. (.lureia':, Sax.] to grieve CT be afBi^ei for the "bfs otfome sood. hie. Exprrfllve of diflike, applied to the countenance. To SOUR, V. A. to make (harp to th<; tafte, Th make harfh. To make uneafy or Icfs pTeafing. Neuterly, to turn fo as to talle fiiarp. To grow pee\ ifh. SOURCE, S. fFr.j a fpring. An ort- 2>nal. A iirft producer. SOUSE, sou sou SOUSE, S. lJl:.f,P.c\g.{dh'l pickle mndc j Cleveland. It lies ten miles fVnm Gofporf, ef fiilt. Any tiling parboiled and kept in Lit. twelve From Winchefler, am' fcventy eight Pickle. To SOtJSE, V. A. [from the noun] to par()oil an i preferve in fait pickle. To piungt or th:ou' into the water, ivom fjofthan, Perl', to plunge under water. To dart like a bird on its prey, from pojian, Perf. to plunge, Adively, to (hike with fudden violence. SOU I'H, S. [futb, Sax. fuyd, Bclg. /}.,.', Fr. Ital. and Teiii.] that point of the heavens which is diametrically oppofite to the north. The wind which hlows from the for.th. ISiutb-enJl is the jsoint hetween ihe E. aad S. SOUf'HArMTON, anciently ILinq-ton, from Trifmton, i.e. in Britilli, the bay of Anton, whence by contraiftion Hanton and the county Hantlhire ; a borough and port of HampfiTire ; alio a county of itfclf. It ftands between two large rivers, the Aire or Itching on the E. and the Tefe or Anton on the W. which falls here into that called the Southampton-water, an arm of the fea run- ning up to it for fome miles, and very deep, fo tiiat (hips of 500 tons have been built in it. Tlie river Itching comes from Win- chefter : and the Tefe, which runs into the Southampton-water at Redbridge, comes from Stockbridge and the edge of the New Foreft. Tliey are both navigable for fome way up the country, and particularly ferve for bringing down timber, vafl quantities of which lie here upon the Ihore, and are fetched from thence by the (hip-huilders at •Portfmouth-dock. Southampton is a mayor- town, and fends two members to pniiia'meht. Here is faid to be one of the broaJeft (Ireets in England, three quarters of a mile Inng, \\e\\ paved, and flagged on each fide, tcrnii- rtating in a very fine quay. Formerly all trie Canary brought into the kingdom was obli- ged to be landed firrt here, till the London merchants finding this an inconvenieixre, purchafed tlut privilege of the corporation ; and had afterwards theii wines d-reiflly brought to London, Some merchants here carry on the Port and French wine trade ; IJHt their greateft dealings arc with Jcrfcy and Guernfey ; and not a little, as their enemies fay, of the fmuggliug trade : others indeed among them trade to Newfoundland for fifh, whidi they carry up the Streights, &c. The adizes are ufually kept here in the town-hall, and in fummcr a coach runs every day betwixt this and London. Here are five .churches for the natives, though fewer would fuffice, and one for the French refugees : aifo in this town is an hofpital called God's houfe. Befides a free-fchool founded by King Edward VI. here is a charity-fthool by fubfcription, for tinrty boys, who arc cloathcd and taught reading, writing, arith- metic, &c. Southampton gives title of Duke and Earl to the Fitzroys, the defccndauts from K. Charles II. by the dutchefs of from London. Its weekly markets are Tuef- day, Thurl'Jay and Saturday \ and anniial fairs on April 45, and Trimty-Moiiduy, (or horfcs, cattle, and leathei-. Ac the .S. E. corner, near the quay, is a fort called the Tower, with fome guns on it. Not far (-(T King Gmute, feating himfelfon the banks of the Itching at low water, with all liis royal apparatus im, very lidiculoufly com- manded the tide not to approach his foot- ftoolj but it obliged him to retreat, to the great mor- tification of his fycophants and himi'clf, who never after, it is f-id, would fuffcr the crown to be fct on his head. SOU'THWARK, commonly pronounced SoHti.rick, as being a work or builning to the S. of London and London-Inidge, It is deno* min.nted the Eorough or Bcrriughwick, and ftands in the county of Surry ; and though it fecms to be only a fuburb of the grand ca- pital, yet for extent, number of inhabitants, trade, wealth, hofpitals, &c. is inferior to few cities in the kingdom, except London and Weftminfter. It contains the parithes qf St. Olave, St. John, at Horlley-down, St. Saviour, vulgarly St. Mary Over or Overy, St. George, St. Thomas, and Chriftchurch : thefe, together with the adjacent parilhe.s of St. Mary's at Lambeth, Sf. Mary Magdalen's Bermondfey, St. Mary's Newington, and St. Mary's Rotherhithc, or vulgarly Rederiff, compofe that part of the diftridt within the bills of mortarry which lies in the hundreds of Kinglton and Brixton. 'I hat which was before computed to be nine miles along thcf Thames from V'aushall to Deptford-biidge, has been found, by the exafteft menfuration^ to be fix miles twenty-three poks and two feet in length, from Vauxhall-biidge to the eaft end of Holding-flrect beyond Rother- hithc- wall, and about nine in the centre, namely, where broadeft from London-bridge to the ftone's-cnd at Ncwington-buis. Hif- tory mention South wark as eaily as 1053, when it was governed, as a diftirift corpora- tion, by its own !>alifr, till 1317, when, the firft grant was made of it to the city of Lon- don, whofe mayor was to be its baililT, and to govern it by his deputy. Some time after, the inhabitants recovered their privileges 5 but in the reign of Edward VI. the crown granted it again to the city of London for 647I. 2S. id. and in confldcrution of 500 marks more paid by that city, it was annexed thereto j wiih certain privileges enjoyed there by the archbifliop of Canterbury^ the Abbot of Bermoudicy, fee. ever finte which period, it has been futtjeft to the Lord mayor of London, who has under him a (leward and bailift) and is governed by cue of its twenty- fix aldermen, under the name of Bridge- ward without. On the W. fide of tlie Dorough was a palace built by the duke of Suffolk, in -, I a thi sow tlie veigii of King Henry VIII, called Suffolk. Hoiife, afterwards Soutlnvark place, and LilKiy. tlie Minf, from a coinage here formeily. It conlifls of feveral ftreets.whofe inhabitants afiumeJ a protection from arrcfis for debt, which occafioning many frauds and febufes, it was riipprcflcJ by an a(ft in the reign of king William. St. Saviour's is tlie princip.il church in Southuark, and belonged formf rly to a priory or abby here of canon.s regular, the reniaiiis of the cells being (till vifiblein ihe clofe, and which, from its dedi- caiion to the virgin Mary, and its fituati n over the Rec, or i!ie River Thames, oppolitc to London, (where fomefay there was a ferry, hefoie the building of London-bfidge) oc- c.idoncd its being cillcd St. lVI;iry Over Rce, which it dill retains among the common peo pie, though changed by a^ of parliament, in king Henry VI I's reign, totliatof St. Sa- viour, and united to the paii/hcs of St. Mar- gaet and St- Mary Magdalen. This church is an ancient and fpacious Gothic llrudlure, built in the forni of a cathedral, with three nilles from E. to W. and a crols aille; alfo four handfome fpires, and a tower wi:h a clock, and a melodious ring of bells. Among its monuments are particularly thofe of John Gcwc!-, the famous poet, and Dr. Lockier the famous pill-quack, &c. In this parilhare particularly remarkable the fedions houfe on St. Margaret's hill, where formerly Hood the church of St. Margaret, united as above-men' ioned. On the S. fide, in a nich adorned with Corinthian pillars, Hands a ftatue of king James 11. in his robes, &c. Alfo the Talbot inn, whereon the main beam is an infcription, that Sir Geoffrey Cliaucer, the father of En glilli poetry, and twenty-nine pilgrims, lay here, anno, 1383, in their way to Canterbury. The borough is particularly ilidinguiPiied for the bulHc all along the Thames fide at. its warehoufes, wharfs, and landing places ; as alio for the dying bufinefs, and for its capita! flreet being tiic great tho- roughfare to and from London. In its inland parts are confidcraljle tan-yards, perhaps the ^rented in England ; pottery and whitening yards, pin-makers, Sec. It lends two mem- bers to parliament j and as it is a place of confidcrable extent, we have feeu on tlnis oc- cafion great ca!)aliing .-nd frequent meetings .Tt taverns, in canvaffihg for candidates on that fcore. south-west, S. the point between the S. and W. SOW, S. [fwga, Tir'it.fugu, Sax. fw'ina. Port. /?.■?, Lat. t'c, Gr. ] a tVmale pig or hog. An oblong mafs, applied to land. To SOW, V. A. [part. paff/cfTt-n ; faian Goth./iM, l[\. j'aiuan, Sax. J to fcatter feed on the grbund for growth. Figuratively, to fpicad orp'opagate. To befprlnkle. See Slvi. To SO WCE, V. A. fee Souse. To SO SVL, V. A. to pull by the ears. SPA SOWN, participle of Sow, SPACE, S. [ efface, Fr. Jpattum, Laf.] the dillance between any two bodies or points. Quantity, applied to time. SFA'CIOUS, Adj. [fpackux, Fr. fpatlofus, Lat. j wide ; containing a great deal of room or fpace. SPADE, S. [Ifl. fpada, Sax.] a broad fhovcl uied in digging. A deer three years old. In cards, wherein the 4 fuits reprcfent 4. dates in a kingdom, the nobility werere- prefentcd by the ends of lances or fpike*'. The Spaniards however reprei'ent them by the ejpadas, i. e. fwords Indead of fpikes, and our ignorance of the dcfign of the inventor, as well as of the Spanilh language, has occa- (loned our reprefenting the points of this fuit broader, and calling them by the name of fpodfs. SPADI'LLE, S. [Fr.] at ombre and qua- drille, the ace of fpades. I SPAGY'RIC, S. [coined by Paracelfus, ' ham fpaher, Teut. a fearcherj a chymid. SPAIN, the ancient IL-ria, Cdtiber'uy and Hcfpcria Alajar, now Hifpama. The Spa- niards them (elves call it Ej'panna, the French Ejfagr.e, and «e by contradion Spain. This is tlie mod wedern part of all the continent of Europe, being encompailed on every fide by the Sea, except on the fide of France, from which it is feparated by a continued and huge ridge of mountains called the Pyrenees. On the E. and S. it is bounded by the Medi- terranean, and Streights of Gibraltar, the an- cient Fretum GjditaKum, and by part of the Atlantic ocean ; on the W. by the fame ocean ; and on the N. by that part of it called the Bay of Bifcay, or fimply the Bay, as alfo by the Pyrenean mountains. , It lies between lat. 36 and 44 deg. N. extending jt- felf in length from long. 10 deg. W. to 3 deg, E. that is, 13 deg. from E. to Vv'. and S. deg. from N. to S. The whole circuit of Spain, in a continued dlre^ion from town to town, and from port to port, exclufive of creeks and bays, amounts to about 600 leagues, reckon- ing tliree miles to each league, which make iSoo miles, Portugal, anciently a part of Spain, being included in this calculus. Spain is fuuated about the middle of the temperate zone ; upon which account, as well as for its manifold ranges of high and pleufjnt hills, beautiful plain.;, and variety of rivers and teller dreams, it is not only a very delightful, but a mod healthy climate ; being on the one hand free from the feorching heats to which Africa is cxpofed ; and on the other, from the frod, rain, and other inclemencies of the more northern regions. The fiiltry heats in fummcr lad only about two, or at mod three, months; and thefe are generally tempered by cooling breezes : befidcs, this exceflive heat is only about four or five hours at mod in a day, during the abovcmentioned fpacc, while the remaining part of the year is 4eli^hU"ul SPA SPA ieliglnful and temperate. To this may he added, that the (ky is moftly ferene and clear. The great rains in this country fall regularly in their feafons of fpring and autumn. It mufl: however be owned, that the degrees of heat and cold difTcr very much tietwecn the northern and fouthern par's of .Spain, not only on account of tlie difference of their latitude, hut alfo from otiier circumflances. The f< il of this country is in general fruitful; and though it differs much in one place from another, and tlie more northerly places be the barrenefl, yet its mofl mountainous and rocky parts produce fomethin^ for ufe : fome are covered with ftatcly trees of various kinds, either for timber or fuel. The rocky parts abound with wild thyme, marjoram, and other atomutics, which ferve to feed vafi numbers of Iheep, go.its, &c. giving their milk and fiefh an exquifiterelifii j ;<nd if ihefe are fcorched with too much heat in Uimmer, rlety of fowl, wild -and tame, four footed game, as deer, red and fallow, Inrcs, rabiiits, and wild boars '"n particular : and as to tame fvvine, the Spaniih bacon i*; found to exceed even that of Weflphalia. Their ihecp, bc- fides the fine tifte of their Helh, are (hll of greater v.xlue on .iccount of tlieir incompara- ble wool, exceeding, as our cloth- workers know, any in Europe. With regard to the filken manufafturc, about i,oco, ceo of peo- ple arc faiJ to be employed in feeding lilk- worms, as alfo in fpinning or weaviiiii f.iitin, damafk, taliby, velvets, fhagg--, ice. The fame may be faid of their cotton, hemp, and flax, wjiich grow here in large quantities, and em- ploy a proportionable number of l;ands; not to dwell on their fc.ulet die, (a&nn, fu>;ar, pitch, rodn, &c. If we dive into (he bowels of the earth, befides gold, filver, quickfilvcr, of wliich latter tliey fend large quantities to the Weft Indies for fmelting and feparatini^ the cattle are driven down to the fides of the the filver from the ore, tlieir le::d, copper, and hiils, where they find plenty of thofe herbs, and in many of them a great deal of gr.tfs, wh'ch though (hort, is yet fweet and nou- rilhing. If thcfe sifo fail, as is often the cafe, through exccilive di ought, tliey liave flill their meadow grounds well watered with rivers and leller (ireams. Other mountainous and rocky lands yield great quantities of the plant efparto, of whicli ropes and other cord- age are made. The SpaniOi wheat is Inferior to none, if not the very be ft in Europe, as ap- pears from their excellent bread, and the com- mon produce is more than the natives can excellent iron, the beft of which is dug from the mountains of Bifcav, and fcnt all over Europe ; they have great plenty of ful- phur, alum, calamine, &c, alfo jet, agat, cornelian, granate,chryftal, marble, alcib.iiler, jafper, and other ftones. With regnrd to tlieir gold and filver mines, thequar.tititsextrafted from which we;e prodigious, they have quite neg!e(ned them everfince tliey have been able to draw fuch immenfe quantities of thofe metals from America. The Spaniards, like moft other nations, fond of their antiquity, deduce their original from Tubal (Jubal), confume. Barley is here very good, and in I Noah's grandfon. The conqueft of the fuch plenty, that it is the common grain for country was not perfeftcd by tiie Romans till their horfes and mule?, inftead of oatSy which the reign of Auguftus, who fubdued the Can- are here very fcarce, and the ftraw of it ferves| tabrians or Bifcayners, and parts adjacent } them inftead of hay. Wines they have herej alter which the reft of the inhabitants were likewife in fuch abundance, that the poorefti eafily deterred into a fubjed^ion to the Roni.in fort drink them ; and the various forts are' yoke. The prefent divifion of Spain is into Malaga, Sherry, Galicia, Alicant, Barcelona, fourteen kingdoms or provinces, befides the and a much greater number of others, which] illands, and exchifive of Portugal, which is feldom or ever com? among us, though no-! fubje<ff to a fovercign of its own. The moft thing inferior to thofe already mentioned,! confiderable rivers of Spain arc, r. The Ibe- iheir exportation by land- carriage from thcl rus, now Ebro. i. The Durius now Duero higher or morcinland parts being expcnfivcj or Douro. 3. The Tagus, now Tago.4. The otherwife they CQiild fpare much greater! Anas, now Guadiana ; alfo a confiderable quantities to foreign lands, as the Spaniards' river in Portugal. 5. f he Doeris, now Gaa- are naturally very fober, fcldom drinking itj dalquiver. Befides thefc might be mentioned without water, and the women never, except! near 150 more, and thofe no fmall ftrcams ; in lying-in, and fuch other extraordinary alfo lakes and fprings that are innumerable, cafes. With regard to fruits, they have not The crown of Spain is heridetary and abfo- oaly thofe which are cultivated with fo much lute, and has bcew fo ever fince the Saracens pains in England, and in much greater per- or Moors over-ran this country in the i'eftion, hut likewife many others, which year 714, upon the invitation of count Ju- with all our art cannot be brought to any Han, out of revenge to king Roderigu for de- tolerable ripenefs, and with which we are bauching his daughter; this was the laft of fupplied from them, as citrons, lemons, ( the Gothic race of kings from Attaulphus, oranges, almonds, raifins, prunes, olives, ^ates, figs, chefnuts, pomegranates, capers, &c. Their oil, wax, and honey, are allowed to be as good as any in the world. Few coun- tries exceed this for plenty, goodnefs, and va- the brother of the famous Alaric. Prince Pclagius or Pelajo was the firft who oppofed the Moorilh tyranny in Afturias and Bifcay, which was at length, after much to do, extir- pated out of Spain, in the reign of Jferdinand 3 I 3 and P A S- P A and Jfabclla, king and queen c^f Ars^'^n.", I The. fame might be fjid cf tlicm with rela- Cailile, and Lcoii : by 'wh;>fe dju.;lufi Joi'i'arina, mother of Charles, attervvardi Char Is V. emperor of Germany, the cro.vn defc'eiidtd to him ;:nd h'is, poUcrity. Upon' failure of ir.al^ heirs the croy.n comes to tht next female : and it would fcem that the reippiog fovereign, ifhehasno ifTue of hi: own, has a power of dcvifaig it to the next royal branch, as was the cafe with the Lite Philip V. v;ho held his title from the laitev wi'.l of Iii=; predecefTor Charles II. of Auflria: and, tiioi'.gh his grandfather, Lewis XIV. ot France, had, upon jiis marriage with the In- fartta of Spain, folcmnly renounced all claim tothepanlfii dominions, yet that fettlement was confirmed by the treaty of Utrecht; and r.ovv it is in the fecond fon Charles III. of the fccond venter of the houfe of Medici?, wlio was lately kin<; of tlie Two Sicilies. The iicir to tlic crown is always ftiled prince of Afturias. The king of Spain is never crown- ed ; b'.it the cortcs or fbfsmcet and iccog- jnfc his title at !iis accclTicn. Thefc high courts are in fome meafurs the fame as a par- liament, confilfin!] of the nobility, clergy, and repi-efeiitativts of the people ; but have Ifift their foimer privileges,, and now only meet to confirm or record the decrees of the Spanidi fovercign, who will oblige their com- pliance, fhould they prove refiaftcry. The dominions of Spain are the largeQ, and per- haps the riched:, of any in the world, if we include the two vaft: empires of Mexico ind I'cru, (Sec in America, now fuhjeft to it; tioii to pohiics, were their genius that way not cramped by living under ib defpotic a go- vernment. Loyahy and fidelity to their princes they in general have been ever juflly famed tov, hiltcry affording indances of whole armies who chofe to liarvs in their camp rather than defirt. In fnort they have been always, till of late, reprefcnted as a people zealous in religion, conftant in friend- ship, modeft in beliaviour, undaunted in dan- ger, patient iu hardlhips, charitable, gene- rous, and free-hearted ; but their conduct in fome indanccs, efpeciaiiy with regard to the Britilh nation in the Inte war, may be looked upon as diamctric.dly oppofite to a part of this character, the caufe of which change it is not the bufinefs of this place to afllgn. On the othei^ hand, they are uni- vcriaiiy too much gi<.en to women, too jea- lous and refenting uhcrc that fex is concern- ed. '1 hey affect v. haughty air among llrangers ; though, where they are acquaint- ed, none are more courteous, this being rather afTumed, and chiefly proceeding from an ambitious iumiour of appearing in a better lighr, their jcaloufy feldcm fails to end in bloodlhed ; and though duelling has been abolifhed by many fahitary laws, they feem, in Spain, Houugal, and lt::ly, only to have exchanged ic for a worfe, namely, private affttfination, which is not aJijtle encouraged by the afyliini which ciiurches and monalte- lics'aifoid theft; ali'aiTins. The prefent Spa- nifii ty.ceeds all oclicr languages in Europe the.'c are leckoncd to extend ab^ut 6000 jfjr grandeur and majefty, copioufnefs, ca- milcs in length from N. to S. befidcs all the dence, and elegancy ; the Roman wits ob- iflxnds 5nd other vaftttrritories in thul paitof ferving that the Ceits fpoke tlitir figurative ;he world. The principal coins of Spain arc of language as it they went upon flilts. There- "old, as piflolcs or doubloons, of about fcven- ligioii univcrfally profefled in Spain is that teen (hiUin",? value, 'l heir (ilvcr coins ate ot the Romilh church in its utmolt bigotry reals, reckoned worth fomething more than fixpcnce : and alfo pieces of eight, or eight re.di, being about four (liiiiiniiS and fixpence, bcfiJ.es brals coins of fevcral inferior denomi- nations, iud maravcdies, which is a coin merely of account, &c. 'i he grandees of Spj-n arc the prime nobility, this being, a {ille conteircd upon them by the king. Tlieir and fnperflition, beyond any otlur people 0/ that communion ; for the inLjuifition here is more levere than in the Pope's dominions. The Spaniards pietend that ChriPiianity was planted among them by the apolHe St. James or St. Jago, who is the tutelary patron of this kiugdoni; here however it is plain there were converts in St. Paul's time, as that apoftle privilece i^ to be covered befor: his tnajcfty. j mentions, in the cpiflle to the Romans, his They are dillinguiHied into the higher and l<".^er clafs, and they take place of all therefl if the nobility. Their genius for learning is hardly inferior to any, as is plain f^m the great number qi learned men and literary works produced in all ages ; but for thefc few centur.es part they have been addiiftcd too much to metaphyfics, befides theii ex treme bigotry, and the cMtacles pui to their more l.iuda'ble refearches. With regard , to iv!f and humour in their dramatic and rcma.'i- fic' performances, they exceed all other na- t-ons J an irrefragable inflance of the latter jp the irtiinprtal Don Qui.-iote cf Ceivaatcs. intentioi; of pafljng intoSpain, SPAKE, the old pretcr of Speak. SPALT, or SPELT, S. a white, fcaly, n^ning Hone, freouently ufed to promote the fulion of jnetals. SPAN, S, [fpar., fponnc, Ssii. j'jiauna, hOi\,Jpaii, Belg.] the fpace meafured from the end or the thumb to that of the little fingcy extended. Any (hort duration. . To SPAN, y. A. to meafure by the hand e."i tended. SPAN, preterof Spin. SPANG, S. [ffange, J3cIg.J a clurter of ihining bodies. SPA SPA'NGLE, S. [fpange, Teut.j a fmall lliin piate or bofs or iliining metal. Any thing fparkl'mg or fhiniu^. To SPA'NGLE, V. A. tobefprinkle with fpangles. SPa'NIEL, S, [liffflric/us, Lat. cf tag- rev/, Fr. ] a dog ufed for fport in tlis fitli or ill water, remarkable for its fagjcity and tradlablcnefs. Figuratively, afervilcpcr- fon. SPA'N'KING, Adj. large, jolly. S'^^AR, S. a mixed body confilling of chry- ftal incorporated with lu- /unit, or other fio- ny, earthy, or metallic matter. A fmall beam or bar at a gate, ircmf^arre, Belg. To SPAR, V. A. { fp^trraii. Sax. fpanen, Tent.] to ftut clofe or bar. Neutcrly, to fight fo as to ward ctl" blows. SPA'R ABLE, S.[fj:>arran, Sax.] fmall nails To SPARE, V A. [ ff. r J,!, Six. fpacrcr, Belg. efpargner, Fr.J to ule in a frugal man- ner fo as to avoid waftc and profufion. To fdve for any particular life. To do with- out. To omit. To forbear. To remit a idegreeof punilhmenC ; to fiiow mercy. To grant or alloiv. To forbear to infift on. Neuterly to live in a parGmonious or too frugal a manner. To forbear. To forgive. SPARE, Adj. fcanty. Superfluous. Lean, applied 'o habit of body. SPARGEFA'CTION, S. the ad of fprinkling. SPA'RING, Adj. fcarce ; parfimonious ; not liberal. SPARK, S. [fpt-arhi, Sax.f;^rke, Belg.] a fmall particle of fire, or fhining fubftancc A lively, ftiowy and gay perfon. SPA'RKISH, Adj. aiiy ; (liowy j fine. SPA'RKLE, S. a fmall paitide of fire A particle of light emitted fiom a Ihining O! luminous body. To SPA'RKLE, V. N. to emit fparks cf light or fire ; to fiiine or gi Iter. SPASM, S. [j'faj'vn, Fr. s-wa3-/^a, Gr. J'pajma, Lat.j a convulfive or involuntary contiaflion of any part. SPASMO'DIC, Adj. [ fpaJn:od}que, Fr.] convuifive. SPAT, preterof Spit. To SPA'TIATE, V. N. [ fpaikr, Lat.] to rove; to range. To SP.VTTER, V, A. \ fl^attav. Sax.] to befprliikle with dirt or any thing oHcnfivc To defame. Neuterly, to make a lU'ife in fpitting, as when any thing naufcous is re- ceived iit the mouth. SPA'TTERDASHFS, S, coverings for the legs to keep out wet j ufually buttoned, at the fides. SPA'TULA, S. [fpatha,ffathulj, Lat.] an inftrument ufed by apothecaries in fpread- .ing plalOers and lUriing medicines. SPA'VIN, S. [efpavent, Yr.fpa'vano, Ital.] jibony excrefcence growing on the inl^de of a .fcorfe'i bough, j)ot Ux trcn the elbvv^'; wliicii S P E is fii ft as tender as a grlAlc, but "afterwards grows hard by decrees. SPAVV, S. [from Spaiv in Germany] a place famous for mineral waters. A mineral water. ToSPAWL, V. N. [//-a//;..-. Six.] to throw moiiiure out of the mouih. SPAWL, S. [J'pat;l\ fpittle or mpiilure thrown out of the mouth. SPAWN, S. \ fper.'Z^ fpenn:, Eelg. fpam^. Sax.] the eggs of filh or frogs. Ufed in con- tempt for any offspiing. To SPAWN, V. A. to produce as fi:l'es do their eggs. I'o bring forth. Neuterly, to i(Ti:c like eggs from filh. ToSP.'^Y, V. A. [ j'pado, Lat. s-raJav Gr.] to cafhate, or render a female beaft un- fit for procreation. To SPEAK, V. N. [preter. /^(j/v, ox f poke ^ part. pall. ^o/^f« ; fpccan. Sax.] to utter or exprefs one's thoughts by words. To defend or excufe, ufed with for ov agtihij}. lo found, applied to wind inftruments. Followed by ivhh, to addrefs or converfe with. A<ftively to utter by the voice ; to pronounce. To procl.dm or celebrate. SPiiA'KER, S. one that fpeaks. Speahr of the koufe of CoirMoJis, is a member chofera by the Heuie, and approved by the king; and who is, as it were, the common movitii of tl\e reft. Speaker cf the Hot/fe rf Peers, \s ihuaWy the lord chancellor, or lord keeper of thj great feal of England. SPEAR, S. [yfper, Brit, fpere, Sax.] a long weapon armed with a (harp point of metal, and ufed in thrui'ting or lancing. SPE'CIAL, Adj. [F)i.fpe:ljl!s, Latij fig- nifylng a fort orfpccief. Particular or pecu- liar. Extraordinary ; defigned (or a particu- lar perfon. SPECIA'LITY, or SPECIALTY, S. [ fpecia/ire'. Fr.J particularity. SPECIES, S. [Lac] a common nature or idea agreeing to fcveral individual beings ; thus horie agrees to Bucephalus, Chance, or Doer. An idea. Money or coin. SPE'CIFIC, or SPrCPFICAL, Adj. fre- cifique, Fr.] that which makes a thing to \e. of t.-iC fpecies of which it is. In medicine, appropi iated to the cure of fomc particular diftcmpcr. ToSPECI'FICATE, V. A. to diftinguilh by the properties which m:ikc a thing to be of a particular fpccits. To limit the accep- tations of a word. SFECIFJCATION, S. the limitation of the meaning of a word. A particular men- tion. To SPE'CTFY, V, A. to mention or difiinguilh by fouie particular mark or dif- ference. SPF'CIMEN, S. [Lat.] a fample. SPE'CIOUS, Adj. { fpcc:e:<.x,Fr.fpi:;icfu!t Lat.] fliowy, or pleaf-nt to the view, flati- lible, though not ftiidtly righc, 3 I 4 SP£CK- S P E SPECK, S. [f^iiccc^ Sax.] a (tain, Tpo^ or difroloritior. To Sl'KCK, Y. A. txfieck, Pol.] to ^ot. SPE'CKLE, S. a little (pot. To SPP:'Cr:LZ, v. a. to mark with fmA\ fpots. ^ ■ i . ; SPE'CT-^CLF, S. [Fr. ffeaacu'uif, Lat.] anv thing that attraifls the fight by its bei.'^fi; rfnrirkahle la the plural, glafits worn to affifl the fijlit. Sl'F.CTA'TQR, S. [fie^jtor. Lit. fpeSla- teur, P'r.] a looker on ; aheliolJcr. SPF/CrRE, S. [Fr. //:vv?riw, Lat. ) w apparition ; the appearance <if apf-rlbn dead. To SFE'CtLATE, V. ]<i._[Ji.ecu!.iius, JLat.] to coiifider aiteiitivcly, contrive in the mind. I SPECULA'TION', S. [Fr.j the ad cf contemplating any tiling in the ir.inl. A train of tliou;^hts forme.-l in the mind. A icheine fom.cd only in the mind, not reduced to praiftire. SPECULATIVE, Adj. contemplative. Theoretical ; ideal ; not pra(flie..'l. SPE'CULUM, S. [Lut.] a looking-glafs. | SPED, part, paflive of Speed, SPEECH, S. [ ff^ce, foresee, ?>d^. Jprnad-, Tcut.j thepov\erof exprcrting onr thoiights or ideas by andible words. Words or iun- guage. Talk or har?.nj;ue. To SPEED, V.N. [pret. and part. pafT. fj^t,/ and fpecd;d : fpcer.^K, Bclg.J to make 'hade. To do a thing ibon. or in little time ^o move quicTv or faft. To fuccccd, from fi'.c'hxy Sax. to grow rich. To f-re vvell or "ill. Actively, to di.'patch or furnifli in hafle. To haften. To pro.iiote, quicken oraflift. SPEED, S. [ ffcrJ, Belg.] quicknefs. I-Ialle. The coiirfe of a horfe. Succefs. SPE'EDY, Adj. quick ; nimble. SPELL, S. \ J'f:el, Sax.] a charm confifl- iQ-' of fomepeciiliai words. To SPELL, V. A. [./:«--//f»,, Belg.] to •write with the proper letters. To read by naming the ifeveral letters of which a word h compofed, and' founding every I'y 11 .ible feparattly. To charm. Ncuterly, to form words -of letters. To read or uiiderlhnd. To prcnonnte thefyllables of a word kparately, by namiii)^ the letters which compofe them, v.irhout being al)le to pronounce the whole word at once. • To bPtND, V. A. [f/>e»rIo'i, Sax. ffer' /c'-c, Ital.] to confume, or lay out. To Jjiinnder. To wafte, wear out, or exhaufl. Meuterly, to' lay out moncyi To ufe. To he lolt or wafted. To be employed in any ufe. ' ^ • SPENDTHRI'FT, S. one that is profufc jjihis ex|-cnces. SPERM, i>-\ >f;«;c, TT.Jperrr.ay Lat.] the feed. ;, ' SFE'RMACETI, S. [Lat. corruptedly Vjonoiin'Jtd p^iwajiuv] an oily fublluucc ex- S P I trailed from the brains ©f a particular fpecies of whale, and well purified. S1>ERMA'T1C, or SPERMA'TICAL, S. { flieimatiqus, Fr.] conveying the feed. Se- minal. To SPERSE, V. A. [fferjus, Lat.] to difperfe. To SPET, V. A. [Jtc:, Scot.] to bring or pour profuftly. To SPEW, V. A. \ ffeiL'lan, ^ret. fpaiw, Goth, ffiijc^n, pret.ff>.:iu. Sax. J to tjcdt or ca(t from the (loniach through the mouth. Figuratively, to eie£l or calt torih. Neuteily, to void at the mo'ath. To SPHA'CELATE, V. A. to affedl with To revolve or | a g:\ngrene. Neuterly, to mortify. SPHA'CELUS, S. [Gr.j a gangrene; a mortification. SPH-.RE, S. \¥r.ff>b^ra, Lat.] a body contained under one (ingle furface, having a point in the middle fro.Ti whence all lines drawn to the circumference will be equal. An rrb or circuit of motion or adtion. Province. The extent or compafs of a perfon's know- led cc SPHE'RICK, or SPHE'RICAL, Adj. round ; globular. Relating to orbs of the planets. SPHE'RULE, S. [fftxr-M'a, Lat.] a fmall globe. SPICE, S. [effJccs, Fr.] a vegetable that is fragrant to tlie fmell, and pi'.ngent or hot to the tafte, ufdd in fcafoning or fauces. A fmall quintity. ' To SPICE, V. A. tofejfon with fpices. SPICK and SPAN, S. [a proverbial expre/Iion, which feems borrowed frorrt fpccuta de la ffaniia, Ital. i. e. fnatched from the hdiid. Johnfon fays fpan iieiu is ufed by Cl.aticer, and comes from jj>a»nan, Sa>:« to ftr:;ch. Span vcic, he adds, is there-- fore originally ufed of cloth new flrctched or dreded at the clothiers, and jpick avd fpa-n, newly extended on the fpikes or it-ntersj quite new j juft made ; never ulcd. SPI'COSITY, S. \fpka, Lat.] the qua- lity of being fpikcd like ears of corn. SPI'DER, S. an animal whofc eyes are p!,3ced in clufters on its back, who fpins a web, and preys on files. SHI'GOT, S. [fpikker, Belg.] a pin or peg which is fitted to a faucet. SPIKE, S. [J'pica, Lit. fpidi, Boh. fzpica, Pol.] an ear of corn. A piece of iron fliarpcncd at the top, and refembling an ear of corn. To SPIKE, V. A. to fallen with long nails or fpikes. SPIKE'NARD, S. a fweet fmelling plant. SPILL, S. \fpielen Belg.] a fmalllhivcr of wood, or a fmall qoantity of money, front />.-/7, III. Trifling or play. To SPILL, V. A. [fpil/jT,, Sax. fpi/!e:r, Belg.] fpiila, Ifl.J to ftied or fcatter. To deftroy S P I (JeOroy or damage, to corrupt. To pour on the ground Neutcrly, to be lavifh. To SPiN, V. A. [preter. fpun or ff an, part. Jpun,fplnnr.n, Goth, and Sax.] to torm yarn into threads by drawing it out and twilling it. Figuratively, to procraft or draw out. To draw out into a tedious length. Neuterly, to pxercife the art of fpinning. To dream out in a fmall thread or current, from Spingare, Ital. '1 o move round like a fpindle. SPl'NAL, Adj. [fpina, Lal.J belonging to the back- bone. ■■ SPl'NDLE, S. [fpfndl,fpindel, Sax.J the pin by which flax is tbrmed or twilled into a thread, and on which it is wound. Any thing llcndfr. ■ SPl'NDLESAHNKED, Adj. having very /lender legs. ■ SPINE, S. IJpina, Lat.] the back bone. SPI'NET, S. [efilnate, Fr.] a mulical in- Orument of the fame nature as an harpfi- chord. SPI'NOUS, Adj. [fplnofus, Lut.] thorny. SPl'.VSTER, S. a woman who fpins. In law, a maid or virgin. SPI'RAL, Adj. IJpinile, Fr. from fpira, l^aJt.] curve. Winding. SPl'RACLE, S. [ fplraculum, Lat.] a breathing hole or vent. SPIRE, S. [fpha, Ital. Swed. and Lat.] a curve line. A curl or twift. A round py- ramid ; a fteeple. Any thing growing more and more taper from the bottom to the top. SPl'RIT, S. [fpiritus, Lat.] breath. A fubftance wherein thinking, doubting, and a power of moving itfelf fubhfts. The foul. An apparition. An habibitual difpofition of minj. Genius or vigour. The mind or imasunation. An eagei defire. That which gives vigour and chearhilners. Likenefs or cn'ential qualities. An inflammable and in- toxicating liquor. ToSPI'RIT, V. A.toaftuite, animate,or excite. To draw or entice, ufed with away. SPl'RITED, Adj. lively ; full of fire or vigour. SPPRITLES.S, P^A], dejected; wanting vigour or fire. SPI'RITUOUS, Adj. refined ; approach- ing to fpirit. Fierce; ardent. _ SPI'RITUAL, Adj. belonging to fpiritas diflinguilhed from mutter. Belonging to the mind or undtrftanding ; refined j relating only to heavenly things, oppofed to tem- poral. To SPI'RITUALIZE, V, A. [fpiritua!}- Jer, FrJ to refine tlie underflanding, and enable it to apprehend ab(tra<ft and heavenly fubjcOs. To SPIRT, V. N. [fpruyten, Bclg.] to fpring out in a fuddeii (tream. SPl'RY, Adj. pyramidal ; wreathed ; curled. SPl'SSITUDE, S. [fplfus, Lat.J grofl"- nefs : thieknefs. S P o SPIT, S. [ffhaTt, Sax. /fit, Belg. fpedo, Ital ] a long ("quare piece of iron on whicU meat is roafted. A depth of earth which may be pierced at once by a fpade. In low difco'.irfea fwovd. To SPIT, V. A. [prefer, /pat. part. palT. fpit or j'pitted, from the noiinj to put on a fpit, or to pierce with a fpit. To fling or eje£t from the mouth, from j'patan, Sax. fpytrer, Dan. SPI'TAL, S. [corrupted from lofpitcl} an hofpital or charitable foundation. SPJTE, S. [/',;■/:, Belg. d.fpit, Fr.] an habitual defire and endeavour to do ill to another, ^pire of, or in fpite of, notwith- f^.^nding. To .SPITE, V. A. to thwart a perfon's defigns. To enrage or fill wich fpite. bl'l'TTLE, S. [fpailiart, Sj^x.j the moi- fture of the mouth. To SPLASH. V. A. [plajia, Swed.j to daub with mud or dirt. SPLAY-FOOT, Adj. having the foot turned inwards. SPLEEN, S [fpkn, Lat ] a foft fpongy vifcous, fituated in the left hyfochondriuni above the kidney ; fuppofed to be the feat of anger and melancholy. Ill-humour. A fit of anger ; melancholy. SPLE'NDID, Adj. [fpkndide, Fr.fplaidi- dus, Lat.] bright; Ihining. SPLE'NDOUR, S. [fpkvdeur, Fr. fpkn- dor. Lat J luftre ; the quality or power of Ihining, SPjlE'NETIC, Adj. [fplemtljue, Iu\ troubled with the fplecn. Peevifh. To SPLICE, V. A. Ifpllljiv, Belg. plko, Lat. j to join the two ends ot a rope together without a knot. SPLI'Ni'ER, S. [Belg.] a fragment oi any thing broken with violence. To SPLIT, V. A. [pret. fplu; (pkttcn, fpUitcn, ^dg.~\ to divide length w;fe. To part. I'o dalh or break again ft a rock. To break into difcord. Neuterly to crack or burft afundcr. To SPOIL, V. A, [fpollh, "Lzt. fpcUcr, Fr.] to rob or t.ike away by force. To plun- der. To corrupt or render ufclcfs. Neuterly, to be gvjilty of plundering, SPOlL, S. Ifpol.um, Lat ] any thing taken by violence. .-^PORE, S. [fpaj, Sax] the bar of a wheel which p;;IIcs from the n.ive to tlie felly. SPOKE, preter. of Speak. SPO'KKN, part. pad. of Speak. To SPO'LIATE, V. A. [fpo/h, Lat.] to rob ; to plunder. SPOLIATION, S. [fpoliatlo, Lat.] the a£l of robbery 01* privation'. SPO'NDEE, S, a foot of two long fylia- bles. SPONGE, S. [pronounced fpvnge, from fppngia, Lat.j a foft porous fubttance rc- maikablc for fucking up water. .S P R To SPONGE, V. N. to fuck up ns aj fponge. To gain by mean arts. Aflively, to j wet cloth with a fponge. ' SPO'NGtR, S. one that meanly depends 1 upon others for fuhfiftence. SPO'NSAL, Adj. ifpcijjariu Lat.] relat- ing to marriage. ^PO'NSOR, S. [Lat.] one who makes a promife or gives fecurity fur another. SPONTANE'ITY, S. [ffc?ifarar/, Fr.] ; the quality of doing or acting free from any , impulfe or nccedity. ! SPONTA'NK.OUS, Adj. [ffontanee, Fr. | ffa-.tf, Lat.j acting of itfclf without coni- puHion or rcltraint. SPOON, S. [ fpaen, Belg. -fpor.e, Dan. I fpoor.n. 111.] an innriiment concave at one end, j and having an handle ufed in taking up and i eating hroths, &c. ! SPOONFUL, S, as much as a fpoon will i contain. j SPOON-MEAT, S. liquid food, or fuch ) 3S is eaten with a Tpcon. j SPORT, S. [>""', I-'l.] play, or diver- j iion. A mock. Field diverlions. | To SPORT, V. A. to divert or make merry. To re;^efent in pby. Neuterly, to play or frolick. To trifle;. SPO'RTSMAN, S. one who delights in liunting or other field diverfions. SPORTULE, S. [iw Jpcrtula, Lat.] an alms ; a doe. SPOT, S. [fbctte^ Dan; fpctte, Flem.j a Ibin either on the Ikin or other fubft.;nce. A fniall estcp.t of ground. Z'pcn :iejft, implies immediafeiv, or without changing place. To SPOT, V. A. to Itain. To work fo as to refemble fpots, To corrupt, difgracc, «r taint. SPO'TLESS, Adj. free from fpots or •vice. SPOU'SAL, Adj. [from ffc:.Je] nuptial, ©r belonging to a wedding. SPOU'SAL, S. [cpoiifaUlh, Fr.] mar- jjage, SPOUSE, S. {dpoujc, Fr.] one joined to ar.other in marriage. SPOUT, S. I fr-uyt, Belg.] a pipe or jmouth oi" a veflel out of which any thing is poured. Water falling in a body. To SFOUT, V. A. to pour with violence, •rin acolltcTted body. To SPOL'T, V. N, [fptitai, Belg.] fpr'uta. Sued.] to Spring out in a fuddcn "itream. Afftively to tlirow out water in a (iream or jet. To SPRAIN, V. A- [corrupted from firain} to ftrctch the ligDHients of a joint fo as CO render the v.i'e of it painful. SPRAIN, S. a wcaknefparifing from too violent a llvetching of the ligaments pf the joint. SPRANG, pretcr, ofSpgiNC. SPJR.iVT, S [J'prtt, BJg.J a fmall fca Sfh. S P R To SPRAWL, V. N. Ifp-aMe, Darj. fpartehn, Celg.] to ftruggle as in the coirvul- fions of death. To tumble about with odd contortions of the limbs. SPRAY, S. [kt fprit or fproiu] the ex- tremity of a branch. To SPREAD, V. A. [pronounced ./v^f^ ; fprulari, SdK.fpreydcn, Belg.j to exteiid, ex- pand, or make a thing take up a larvefpace ; to cover or fmearover; to publifli or divulge, followed by <r/yr(?^r,/ ; to diffufe. Neuterly, to extend or exp.md itfelf. SPRENT, Part, [fprena/i, Sax.] fnrinkled. SPRIG, S. [ys-irig, 1^1 it.] 'a fmall branch. S FRIGHT, S. [anciently written fprirg, or fpryte, and as it is a contr-idtion of fpirit, fhould be fpeh J'pnte] a fpe<ftre, glio'lt, or apparition . ' SPRTGHTLINESS, S. livelinefs; viva- city ; g.-3ietv. SPRI'GHTLY, Adj.fuUof fpirJts j gay; brilk j lively. To SPRING, V. N. fprcter. fpra^g or fpning J fp'itigai:. Sax.] to riie or grow out of the ground, toliowed hy up ; to ifiiie or pro- ceed, as by feed ; to appear ; to leip or bound : to force one's way 5 to fly with an elaftic force ; to riie from a cc;vert ; to iflwc from a fountain or fonrce ; to fhoot or move with force. A<rtively, to Itart or roufe game. To difcharge, applied to a mine. To contrive as a fudden expedient ; to give birth to. SPRING, S. one of the four feafons, im- mediately fucceeding winter, in which vege- tables grow; a p::ce of tempered (tc-ei ufefiil in machine? to put them in motion : any aiflive power; a Icp ; a fountain or !• irce, from whence waters iflue ; a fource j rife } beginning. SPRINGE, S. a gin, which being faflenei to an elallic wire, catciies any thing. SPRI'NGINESS, S. the quality of bodies returning to their former fhape ordimftifions, whicli they liad loft by violence or com- preflion 5 elafticity. SPRPNG-TIDE, S. an high tide, or tide at the new and full moon, which flows higheft, ebbs lowell, and runs fwifteft. To SPRI'NKLE, V. A. [Jpyirie/en, Belg.] to fcattcr in drops or fmall maflis ; to wet by fprinkling. Neuterly, to let fail in drops. SPRI'NKLING, S. the aft of throwing water upon any thing in drops. SPRITE, S. keSprigbt. To SPROUT, V. N. [fpryttaiu Sax. \fpruytcr., Belg,] to grow or Ihoot, applied t« lans. SPROUT, S. a (lioot of a vegetable, SPRUCE, Adj. neat, but not (howy. To SPRUCE, V. N. todrcfs neatly. SPRUCl-'fciEiS, S. neatnefs in drcfs. SPRUNG, prei«r and part.paHiof %;^. SPRUNT, S Q^U S Q^U SPRUNT, S. any thing that is fnolt, and will not eafily bend. To SFl'MiL, V. A. [ffumare, LaC.J to froth or foam. SPUMK, S. \ffuma, Lat.] froth ; foam 5 itum of gold or lilver. SPUN, prctcr and part. palTive oE Sfin. SrUKCt, '6. Set Sponge. SPU'NCIKG-HOUS£, S. a houfc or piece that baiiitfs take perfons to after an ar- jell, where they are kept till they jfirec with the creditor, or are removed to a cloier con- finement. SPUNG'INESS, S. of a fpungy nature. SPUNK, S. rotten wood. Sl'UR, S. [f(:cuc,Jpu:-, Sax. [pore, Dan.] a (barp pointed infhument vvci n by a rider on his heel, whereby he piicks his horie to ijuicken his pace ; the fbarp points growing on tlielegsofa fowl. Fij^uratively, an in- citement, or any thing thai c]ijickens. To SPUR, V. A. to prick or quicken by a fpur ; to excite, haflen, or pu(h forward. SPU'RiOUS, Adj. [fiurius, Lat.l coun- terfeit ; not genuine ©r authentic j illegiti- mate, or not lawfully begotten. SPU'RIOUbNHSS, S.'the quahty of being faliC or counterfeit. To .SPURN, V. A. [fpcrnan. Sax.] to kick, drive, or ftrike with the foot ; to reject: with contempt or fcoi n. SPURN, S. a kick j infolent and con- temptuous treatment. To SPURT, See 5/,;V?. SPUTA'TJON, S. theaa of fpitting. To -SPU'TTER, V. N. \li^uto, Lat.] to £m\t or caft out moifture Iiy fniall flying drops } to fly out in fmali particles with fome noife J to tlirow out fpiltle by haliy jpecch. SPY, S. \yfpio, Brit. e[pl:,i, Fr.fplc, Bejg.] one fet to watch the conduct or motions of another. To SPY, V. A. to difcover at a diftance by the eye ; to difcover by nice examina- tion. Neuterly, to look into or examine nicely. SQUAB, Adj. unfeathered j fat ; thick, and Itout. SQUAB, S. a kind of fofa or couch ; a fluffed cufhion. In Cookery, a chicken, &.c. fo young as fcarccly fit to be eaten, SQUA'U-PIE, S. a pie made of feveral ingredients. To SQUAB, V. N. to fall down plump cr flat. To SQUA'BBLE, V. N. [kk'Ma, Swed.] to quarrel, wrangle, or fight. SQL'A'BBLE, S, a low quarrel, or brawl. SQUA'DRON, S. [ejuuiron, Fr. fc^uci- drone, Ital,] a body of men drawn up in a Iquare j a troop or paf t of an army ; a part pi a fl(tet. SQUA'UD, Adj. {r<fM:uU{us, Lat ] foul ; ua(iy= SQL'A'LIDITY, S. {fyuandltas, Lat.] nadincTs J filihinefs; ill-favouvednefs. To SQLIALL, V. N. [f'iuala, Swed,] to fcre.~.m like a woman affriglited. SQLTALL, S. a loud fcream 5 a fudden gufi of vv ind. SQUA'LOR, S. [Lat.] naninefs; grolT- nefs. SQUA'IVIEOUS, or SQUA'MOUS, Adj. \ fquamofuiy Lat.] fcaly j having the rcfem- blancc oi' fcales. To SQLA'NDER, V. A. [-vcrlchnvctnisr., Teut.] to fcatter lavilhly ; to fpend pro- fufely. SQUARE, Adj. \ yf^iuar, Brit. qujJratu:, Lat. j Jiaving four iidcs or angles forming aright angle; parrallel ; ftrong or well fet. Square dealing, is honeft, jull, and cciual dealing. SQCJARE, S. \caryee, Fr. fjuadra, Ttal.] a figure having four equal fides and angles; an area or place of four Iidcs furi-ounded with building.s ; tlie content of an angle. In .'Arithmetic, the product of a number multi- plied into itfelf. To SQUARE, V. A. to form with foTir fides and right angles ; to reduce to a fquare; to mcai'uie, adjud, regulate, or fh-.pe. Neu- terly, tofuit or agree with, ufcd with to or 'with. SQUASH, Sec ^ajh. ToSCHJAT, V. N. [ fjUiUare, Ital.j to fit cowering or clofe to the ground. SQL'Al', Adj. clofe to the ground j fitting on the ground witir the legs doubled under the body. To SQt^JEAK, V N. [fqivaka, Swed.] to fet up a ihrill cry with pain j to cry out or fpcak with a Ihrill voice j to difcover any thing through fear. SQUEAK, S. a Ihiill cry. SQUE'AKER, S. a perfon or Jnilrument that makes a fhrill noife. - To SQUEAL, V. N. See Squall. SQUE'AMISH, Adj. [for qua-wm^p of quaimij}}] eafily difgufled ; having the flo- macli eafily turned. SQUE'AIVIISHNESS, S. the quality of having a nice, delicate, and weak Itomnch. To SQL'EEZE, V. A. \_ivmjan. Sax. yfiwaffrr., Brit.] to prefs hard, orcrufli be- tween two fubftances ; to extort by violence. Neuterly, to pafs by compreflion ; to force w jy through clofe bodies. SQUEEZE, S. the aft of prcfling hard. SQUIB, S. [fchiekn, Teut.T a quill filled with gunpowder, &c. any petty fellow j a fallhood. SQUl'NANCY, S. ffquinancie, Fr.] a {welling and inflammation of the throat, wliich hindci-s fvvaUowing, and often flops the breath. SQUINT, Adj. [ffulnte, Belg.] looking .•a-itli fhe eyes direftcd difTevtnt ways. S T A To SQUINT, V. A. to look wub the eyes i lurncJ difTerent ways. Neuterly, to look afijuint. SQUIRE, S. Sec Efyuire. Sqyi'RREL, S. [cfcuru:;/, Tr. faurus,. JLat.] a fmall animal living in woods and remarkable tor its agility ni leaping from tiee to tree. ] To SQUIRT, V. A. to throw out through a pipe in a continued ftream. SCiyiRT, S. an inUiu:nent by which a eont-nued ftream is formed. To SQUI'TTEH. V. A. to void the ex- crement with a noife. To STAB, V. A. fftaven,c[i Belg.] to pierceor wound with a" pointed indrumcnt j to wound maliciouliy and mortally. STAB, S. a wound given with a pointed inftrument ; a fiy niifchicf. STABI'LITY, S. [ />di;"A.v', Fr. Jtabilitai, Lat ] (hength or firmriefs. STABLE, S. \ftalulumy Lat.J a houfc forliorfes. To STA'BLISH, V. A. Sec E^tM-jh. STACK, S. {jiocca, Ital.] a large quan- tity of hay, corn, or wood heaped together ; fevtral clijronies or funnels Handing to- getlier. To STACK, V. A, to pile up wood, hay, &c. STA'CTE, S. an aromatick ; the gum that dillils from the tiee that produces myrrh, STA'Di HOLDER, S. \ftadi, Belg. a <>ity, and •' cWcv] the cMef magiflrate of the United Provinces- Sl'AtE, S. [plural, ha-ves, ftaf. Sax. peff. Dm. ftaf, Rt'l.] a flick, uhich lupports a peifon in walking, or which is ufiid as a wcspi n ; a fjpport ; a flick ufed as a badge ©t .{iithority. ST At FORD, S. a mayor-borooph, and the af.izc-town of Staflbrdihire, lies low, on ihe river Sow, over wiiich is a good bridge. Were src two handi'ome churches a frec- K-hool, and fpacious market- place, in which (t.nd.s the ihirt-hall. The town is well built, -nd paved, and much increafed in its wealth »nd inhabitatits, by means of its niBnufacflure in clotli . Here the cuflom of borough Eng- Hlh is Hill kept up. It gives title of earl to fhe catholic branch of the Howards Its weekly market is on Saturday, and annua] fairs on the Tueiday preceding Shrovetide, and on May 14 forhorics and cuttle ; junezg for wool j Oihober a for colts ; and De- cember 4. for cattle and fwine. It lies about twelve mikj from Litchfield, and i55wefl from London. STA'FFORDSHIRE, S. oneof ihecoun- ;"cs of England, is bounded on the E. by War^vickfhire and Derbyfhire j on the S. by "Worceflerlhirc; and on the W. by Shropdiire and Clicthire ; which laft joining Derbylhire on the N. where it terminates in an olinifc •uigle, ioms its northern confines.- The S T A ri\'er Trent divides the county into the N. E« and S. Y/. parts; tlie former of thefc again fubdivided into the Moorlands, being the more northerly mountainous parts that lie between the Trent and the Dove, from the three IhircJieads to Draycot in the Moor.', and into the Vvoodlands, uhich is the more fouti'.ei ly part of the county from Draycot to Winchniorc, &c StafTordftiirc lies from S. to N. almofl in form of a rhombus, being commonly reckoned forty miles long, and twenty fix broad ; ihongh 1 empleman givxs fevtn miles m.^reto the length, und fix more to the breadth. It contains one city, eigh- teen maikct-towns, five hundreds, and 150 paiiHies. Though this county is boggy here and there, its .lir ii generally good : in mo(t pariS it is hilly, where the air is excellent, particularly bitMcen Beach and 1 rentham, a traft clear fiom woods, mines, or bogs ; fo that the people here affirm, that tli y have three chriltcnings to one bur\ ing. This coun- ty is watered by thtfe tliree piincipul rivers; namely the f rent, the thiriirivcr in Eneland, interfccting the county to Derbylhire, having the volume of its w atcrs incrrafcd on ihe N. fide by feveral rivulets, wiiJitheSow, Eccle- flial water, and other dreams. 2. Tlie Dove, which running liirough a limeflonc foil, and overflowing the meadow?, rendeis them very fruitful i though Dr. J^lot afcribes this ferti- lity to the fliccps dung walbeddown from the hills. And, 3. by the Tame; not th»t which join ihc JHs, but the river of the fame name, which runs by Tamworth, and after- wards falls mto the Trent, &c. Here are alfo medicinal watrrs; fome mixed with bitu- men, < thers with falts, and fome again with fulphur. Of the bituminous fort are the fprings near Becsford-houfe, Called Warm- well, with another at Hynts. Of the ftlinc kind, and of a ftronger brine, are the brintf pits at Chertley, from which good white fait arc made ; others are ot' a Weaker brine, as thcfc about Epfom, Penfuit-clofe, and a lough from a ccal mine in Bluc-hiil and pa- rilh of Lceke, which tinges with the colour of rufl. Ot the fulphurous fort arc St. Erafmus's well at Ingettre, another near Codfal-wood, one at VViUough bridge- park, which contains a mod reftified fulphur. In this p^rk are faid to be no lefs than fixtyof thofe fprings. There are other waters net reducible to any of the former claflcs, as Salter's- wcii, -n.e3r Newcaflle Under Line. Eldcr-wcil, nrar filim hill, and the Spa, naar Wolverh.Tirpton.. The Moorlands, uhich ar« mountainous, and therefore reckoned rfie mod barren, produce a (hort but fwoet grafs ; and feed as large cattle as thofe of Lancafnirc. The banks of the Dove in particular main- tain the great dairies which fnpply L'ttoxetcr market with fuch florc of butter and cheefe. Great numhers of Iheep, generally witii black- nnfrs, irc fed in the northern as weli as in tke S T A ibc foiuhern parts ; but thry are fmall, »ni] their wool coaHe. Of this much is imnu-l tadturcd in the cloathing and felting bufi- ncfs ; nor is the arable gmund lefs truithil than the pafturcs; and cv^n the moor Lin ds, when manured with marl and lime, mixed M-ith turf-alhes, produce j^od ojts and b^rley The (biithcrn parts, and fbmc adjacent pa- lilhcsin the north, yield wheat, rye, barley, pulfe, &c. In thcfc parts they alfo fow llax and hemp. With regard to fulnerrancous prodiidlions, the moors and woodlands yield lead, copper, iron, marble, aLibafler, niill- Itoncs, coal, fait, Ike. Of this f .rl is the clijcc of Cannock- wood, and mofl of the warrens and parks in this county. In the more fruitful parts arc fcveral mails, which arc ufcd with great fuccefs en ihc lands, and bricks made of reddilh clay mail. Here like- wife is brick earth which burns blue, fullers earth, potter's-clay, particularly a Ibrt ulcd in the )>l.ines at Amblecot, the bcfl in Knj^land, and tlierttbrc fold at feven pence a bulhcl, and fcnt as far as London, Brillol, <?cc. Slip, a rcddilh earth, with which divers vcflcls arc painted ; yellow and red ochres, chiefly in the bcft lands, and tobacco-pipe clay. It likewife yields *valuablc Hones and various minerals, as fire-Qone, rocks of lime-ftone, iron-llone, of which is a fort called mufh, ;is b'g as the crown of a liat, and containing about a pint of a cold (harp liquor, y;t plei- iant, which the workmen arc fend of; the ho(t fort of iron wares are made of it. Alfo blood-flones, or harmatite;, coj^pcr ore, lead ore, quarry (tones, niiH and grind (tones ; and lallly, alabaltcr and mardle, of which there are whole mountEiiis. In this county there is plenty of tmf and pcp.t, cannel-coal, peacock- coal, and pit coal. It is governed by the four archdeacons of Stafford, Derby, Coventry, and Shrewfbury, and contains about 600 parilhes. It fends to parliament two kni^^hts of the (hire, two members for Litchfield, and the like number each for StafTord and Ncvcallle Under Line. The peogle of this county are particularly noted for being fwift footed, foot-races being their favourite diverfion. STAG, S. the male of red deer. STAGE, S. \eftage, Fr..] a floor raifed, •n which any (how is exhibited; a place where any thing is tranfadted ; a part of a journey . ST A'GE-CO ACH, S. a coach which pafTes and rcpafles to and from the fame places. STA'GEPLAY, S. a theatrical entertain- Biect. STA'GGARD, S, a young male of red ^eer. To STA'GGER, V. N. [/(agerer Bclg.] to reel, or be unable to wa'lk or (tand fteadily ; to faint or give way; to hefitate or be in doubt. Nentcrly, to make a perfon reel ; to (hock or aiiike lefj confiknt. S T A STA'GGERS, S. the cholic or apoplexy in horfes. SfA'GMA, S. in Chemiftry, juices of plants mixed together, in order to diftilla- tion. STA'GMANT, Ad}. [ftJgnam, Lat.] motionlcfs ; not running. ToSFA'GMATE, \ . A.[f:agnum, Lit.] to ftop its courfe ; to be wichoat motion. STAGNA'TION, S. (coppagc of mo- tion . STAID, Part. adj. fober ; grave. STAI'DNESS, S. free from levity; fohcr- ncfb ; gravity; prudence. lo^STAlN, V. A. [yftjenc;, Rrit.J t» blot, fpot, or fpoil colour ; to difgracc. STaIM, S. a fpot or difeoloration ; a difgrace. STAIN'ING, Adj. fpotting, or difco- loiiring. STAIR, S. [fteghcr. Sax. fiegbe, Belg.] fteps by which wc afcend from the bottom to liie top of any bi'ilJing. STAIRCASE, S. that part of a building which contains the ftairs. STAKE, S. [/'jtvi. Sax. ftjfch, Belg. tftjca. Span.] a poft or firong ('tick faftencd in the ground; any tiling placed as a palli- fa dc 4 any Uiing pledged or wagered; the ftatc of being pledged or hazarded ; a fmall anvil. To STAKE, V. A. to faflen or fupport with pieces of timber fet upright; to wager, pledge or hazard. sVaLE, Adj. \ftdlc, Belg.]old; kept long ; impaired by time, STALE, S. [jt^Un, Sax.] a proftitute; urine; old beer. To STALE, V. A. to wear out or make old. Neutcrly, to make water. STALE'NESS, S. of an old date; not frclh. To STALK, V. N. [ftealcan. Sax.] t9 w.ilk in a proud manner ; t« walk lofty. STALK, S. a proud and lofty ftcp ; the ftemofa plant, corn, ^c. STA'LKING-HORSE, S. a horfe made ufc of in tunnelling for partridges ; a perfon employed as a tool ; a pretence. STALL, S. [fteal, Sax./fd/, Belg. ftata^ Ital.J a crib in which an ox is fed ; a bench, &c. whore any thing is expofed to fale ; & fmall houfe or (hed, in which certain trades are carried on ; the feat of a dignified clergy- man in a choir. To STALL, V. A. to keep in a ftall or ftable. To inveft, ufed for inftall. To glut orcloy. Neuterly, to kenncU STA'LLAGE, S. money paid for keeping a ftall in a fair or market. SFA'LLION, S. [yfdalwytt, Brit, ejta!- /•or, 'Fr.ft:illot:, Ital.] a ftone-horfe kept for covering mares; a man kept to fatisfy the lewd delires of a woman j the bully of m proftitute. STA'MINA, S T A ■ STA'MINA, S. f L3f.] the fiifi piInclpTes of any thing j the folids of a liuinan ho*'y. In Botany, the little fine threads which grow round the fiylc within the fiovvers of plants, and bear the apices on their extre- mities. STA'MINEOUS, Adj. thready; appear- ing as if full of threads. Among Florifts, flowers which want the fine coloured leaves called fetala, and confift only of the (lylus and flamina, and thence called imperfect. STA'MMEL, S. in low language, a large flouncing mare j a rude bouncing wench. ToSTA'MMER, V. N. [Jtams, Goth. ftamur, Sax.] to fpcak with great ditficulty and hefitatioH ; to have an impediment in the fpeech. STA'MMERER, S. one who faulters in fpeaking. To STAMP, V. A. [ftampen, Btlg.ftam- fer, Dan. J to Orike by forcing the foot ha (lily- down wards 5 to beat in a mortar 5 to iniprefs V'ith fome mark or figure ; to coin. • STAMP, S. \cj!ampe, Fr. Jtamp.:, Ital.] anyinlhument by which an impreflion is made j a mark or impieflion made by damp- ing ; a pidure cut in wood for marking 5 authority ; make ; caft ; form. To S rAKCH, V. A. \cjiandcr, Fr. Jtr.- r.jre, Ital. ftagno, Lat.J to ftop blood, or hinder from running. STANCH, Adj. found, or not letting out, applied to veflcls. Firm, trufty, or found of principle ; ftiong, or not broken. STA'NCHION, S. [etav^of,, Fr.] in build- ing, a ftay ; a fupport. STA'NCHNESS, S. firmnefs ; the quality of being trufty, or of found principle. To STAND, V. N. fpreter / fiocd, of ha-veJto'J;-f(ai!der!,S:Ly..~\\.o reft upon one's feet J toiernain undemoliflicd, or not thrown down j to ftop, halt, or ceafe ; to be without a£lion. Toftu.-d dgaia/t, tn reCiCt or oppofe. Teftar.d hy, to fupport or defend j to be prc- fent only as a fpeciator ; to repofe on, or confide in. lojhirdfor, to propofcone's feif «s a candidate. To ftand off, to keep at a diflance J to refufe compliance; to decline intimacy; or fViendlhip, ToftamI out, to con- tniue ; firm in a refolution ; to deny compli- S T A thing tried ly proper tefl ; a flanding flenf or tree. STA'NDING, Adj. fettled or long efbb- lifhed ; lafting ; motionlefs ; pla'ce'd on feet. STA'NDING, S. continuance in any port, place, or flat ion ^ power to Hand ; rank j competition of candidates. STA'NDISH, S. a cafe for pens and ink. STA'NKARY, S. [j'tamum, Lat.J rc- lating to the tin- works, STA'NZA, S. [ftanza, lla\. ftance, Fr,] a verfein a poem conlifting of more than two lines. STAPLE, S. [eftape, Yr.ftapel, Belg.J a fettled market. STAPLE, Adj. fettled ; eftablifhed ; ac- cording to the laws of commerce. STAPLE, S. [ftap-ul. Sax.] a nail hav- ing two (hanks, and when driven forming a loop. s'tAR,S. {ftdirron,G<A.h. fiaerra,Six.'\ one of the luminous bodies which appear in the (ky at night. STA'RBOARD, S. [/rfc/-ior</, Sax.] the right hand fide of a fhip. STARCH, S. \ftcrc. Tent.] a kind of pade made of flour or potatoes, with which linen is (liffencd. STARCH, Adj. {fistc, Teut.] fliff or forlnal. To STARCH, V, A. to ftiffen with ftarch. S T.VRCHED, Adj. ftifTencd with ftarch; ft iff, precife, or formal. To STARE, V. N. fftaiian, Szx.fterren, Belg.] to look with fixed eyes; to look (leadily with wonder, impudence, confidence', ftupidit)', or horror. Ta pari: in the face, fignifies to be undeniably evident. To ftand out. STARE, S. a fixed or impudent look. STARK, A<ij. Iftcrcftarc, Ss:tk. ficrck, Bc\g. ft^rc, Teut.] ftiff; rugged; plain; grofs in the higheft degree. STARK, S. a ftarling. STA'RLIGHT, S. the light or luftre of the ftars. STA'RRY, decorated with ftars; rcfem- bling ftars. To START,. V. N. \fiartzer:, Teut.] to ance ; to be prominent. 7s /?.:;;i /a, to ply ; | feel or give an involuntary (hi ink, twitch, to perfcvere or continiie any adion ; to le main fixed in a purpofc ; Do abide by a con- trad or aflertion. Adtively, to fuftain with- out yielding ; to abide ; to keep or maintain. STAND, S. a fi.iLron, or place where one ^■aits ft.nnding ; rank or poft ; a ftcp or halt j an interruption or intcrmillion ; the higheft mark or deeree beyond which a thingcaunot proceed ; difficulty ; perplexity ; a frame on which veflcls arc placed. STA'NDARD, S. [efiaridart, Fr.] an en- Cgn, particularly that of the cavalry ; that which is of undoubted authority, and the tdt of other things of the fame kind ; fome- r motion, on the apprehenfion of danger; to ^o out di' the way, or deviate. To rife fud- denly,' ufed \vith . up. To fet out in any coui'fe or purfult. Adivcly, to alarm or difturb fuddenly j to make fiy ; to drfcover"; ' to put fuddenly out of its place. START, S. a fuJden twitch or motion of terror; a fally or nnexpccked flight ; a quick fprins; or motion. To get the ftart, is to "begin before another. SrA'RTING, S. among Jockies, the frt- ting out of the horfcs at the beginning of a heat. Among Brewers, the putting new bcei' or ale to that which is decayed, in order to re- S T A revive it; er the filling empty butts with new beer. STA'RTISH, Adj. inclinable to Oavt. To STA'RTLE, V. N. to Oirlnk, or catdi on a fuJJcn appreheiifion of ilan^cr. j Aflively to frighten, or make a perfon jump, I with tc-;ir. STA'RTLE, S. a fudden Oiock or alarm ! of terror. To STARVE, V. N. f/w--/,,:, Sax.yPcr- •vai, Belg ] [o perifli witii hunger or cold. Aftively,. to kill with hunger or culd j to deprive of force or vigour, STA'RVELING, S. an animal that is both thin and weak for want of food. STATE, S. \Jiutus, Lat.] condition ; circumftanccs of nature or fortune; the fet- tled meaning or tenor J the community orj public ; a government j rank or quality ; fo- 1 Icmn pomp or grandeur ; a canopy ^ tlie chief ,' ptrtoin ill an adminiflration. Compounded uith other words, it fignifics public, or re- lating t3 government. To STATE, V. A. [covjlatcr, Fr.] to fettle or regulate j to reprclent with all its circumllances. Si A' rELINESS, S. grandeur of appear- ance or mien ; proud behaviour. STATKLY^ Adj. pompous j majeflic. STATES-GE'NERAL, S. an afTcmbiy of the deputies of the fevei-al Dutch pro- vinces. STATESMAN, S. one verfcd or concern- ed in the arts of government. ST.VTIC, or STATICAL, Adj. lelating to the fcience of weigh.ing. STATICKS, S. \J)a:ique, Fr. cftTi)'..;, Gr.] the fcience which confidcrs the weight of bodies, or the motion of bodies arifing froili gravity. STATlO^r, S. \pf:o, Lat.] the aft of fianding ; a place or po(t ; fituation 5 em- ployment; rank or condition of lite. To STATION, V. A. to fet in a certain rank, port:, or place. STA'TIONARY, Adj. fixed. STA'TIONER, S. one who fells paper, formerly applied to bookfellers on account of the ftands or stations in which they expofed their books. STATUARY, S. \ftatuah-e, Fr.] the art of carving images ; a carver of images. STA'TUE, S. [ftatua, Lat.[ a carved or cart image. ST.VrURE, S, [Fr. ftatura, Lat,] the heiglit of an animal. STATUTE, S. [ftaiut, Yr.ftamum, Lat.] an edift of a legiflator ; a law ; an aft of par- liament. To STAVE, V. A. [from ftaff, in the pIural/r^'j/«] to break barrels in pieces. STAVES, the plural oi Staff. To STAY,V. N. [Jtaen, Be1g.>;V, Run".] to continue in a place, or in the fame ftate ; to w ait j to Hop or ftand ftiil, Ufed with me S T E or ul>on, to rert or confide in. Aftively, t«L flop ; to delay ; to keep trom departing. T<» prop, ufcd with «», or iip: from cftaycr, Fr. STAY, S. eoittinuance in the iame place ; fl<Mid or Itop ; a fi.xed itate; a proper lupport. Among Mariners, ropes which fupport< the malls and keep iliein from falling. In the plural, a whalebone covering svoin by wo- men, and laced behind. STA'YMAKER, S. a maker of women's flays. STA'YEDNF.SS, S. See Staldn-fs. bTEAD, S. \pcd, SaK. ptljMds, Goth.] a place, room, or poll occupied by another. Ahcrf[ar:J, ufe.help, or fcrvice. Compouudf- ed with Ziv/, the frame on Which it Hands. Su.!,i or/to/, in the name of places, comeS (vomfud, or //))(/, Sax. a place; but if it be fituatcJ on a river, i'vom fraJa, lil. jathay Sax. a flation for (hips. To STICAD, V. A. to help ot affirt. STE'ADILY, Adv. v^ithout tottering or altering. STt'ADINESS, S. the quality of not Ixv ing ealily moved or difconterted j not liable to change. STE'ADY, Adj. firm ; con flan t ; fure. Among Sailors, to keep the fliip coaUant in iicr courfe. STF.AK, S. [fryck, or fuck, 1(1 ] a pice? of meat to be fried or broiled. To STEAL, V. A \jpxciiv Jtole , part. palT. ftolen -jftelan, Sax. fteL';-, Eelg.j to take away what is another's privately ; to gain or efieft inafccret or imperceptible manner. Neu- terly, to withdraw fecrctly ; to be guilty of taking what is another's without liis knovv-- ledge or notice. STEALTH, S. the .nft of taking what be- longs to another without his knowledge or notice. By fteahh, fignifies fecet'ly, and is fometimes ufed in a good fenfe. STEAISI, S. [pane. Sax.] the vapour arl- fing from any boiling or hot liquor. To STEAM, V. N. to fend up vapours, applied to hot liquors. STE'AMINESS, S, abounding with va- pours. STEATCVMA, S. [Gr.] matterin a wea compofed of fat, STE'DFAST, Adj. fart in a place; firm in refolution. STE'DFASTLY, Adv. firmly; reib- lutely. STE'DFASTNESS, S. coxiftancy; firm- nefs ; refolution, STEED, S. [fteda. Sax,] a horfc. STEEL, S. f//«/, Sax. /fjt/,' ^dg. fdJxe, RufT] iron purified in the fire withoiher in- gredients, which tender it white, and its grain clofer and finer. Figuratively, weapons ■of armour. In Medicine, ct\alybeatc remedies. Proverbially, any thing hard. To STEEL, V. A to point or edge with Reel j to make hard, firm, or in-fenilhre.- STEE'LYARD, S t E STFF'LYARD, S. a kind of balance for weigliing SrEtlP, Adj. [/?f^/, Sax.] difficult and dangerous to alceud ordefcend, becaufc with ■very little ibnt. STLKP, S. a precipice ; an afcenc dlmoft ptrpcDilicular. 1o STRhP, V. A. [ftef-feti, Be'g fwpnke, Pol. J to foak long in litjuor. STEtPLfc* S. |/?c^/,/, Jiypel, Sax.] the fpirt or turret of a church in which tlie bells hang. STEE'PN'ESS.S. declivity; great defcent. STEER, S. \ jlyrcftcor, Ji'cn, Sax jikr, Beig ] a young bullock. To STEER, V. A. {fttuan, Pymn, Sax. fi-un, Bclg.J to dirc£^ or guide in its pafljge. Neu'erly to guide a vetlel in it.scourfe STEE'R-hGF, S. the aft of gu ding a rc^cl in its courfe ; thn which guides ajiy thing in its courfe ; the fttrn or huidcrpau cf a lliip. S 1 EK'RSMAN, S. one that fteers or guides^ a veflcl in its courfe; one who chiefly con - cucl". ihe affiirs of a ftaic STEGA'NOGRAPHY, S. frf)"*"." and Yfi^ii, Or. J the art of fecret writing ; cha- ra([)crs cr cyphers know only to perfons that corrcff ond with each other. SIEGNO'SIS. S. [Gr.] a flopping up » t'^e pores of the body. STEGNO'TJCS, S. [r>;j.vorixa Gr.j binilin;.; medicines. STE'LLAR, Adj. \JIJU, Lat.J relating to the (tars j full of liars. STE'LLATE, Adj. \ fuUatus, Lat.] marked with fpots like flats, in Botany, plants having their leaves growing on the (talks at certaii! di (lances, in the form of a ILr. STELLI'FEROUS, Adj. bearing Hars. STE'LLIONATE, S. in Law, a kind of crime which is committed by a dLceitfiil felling a thing for otherwife than it leally is ; as if a man fiiould fell that for his own ctlate which is the propeity of anotlicr. STEM, S. \_j'i,mr„a, Lat ] a ftalk or twig; a family or race J the prow, or forepart of a fi-.ip. To STEM, V. A. [Jt^mn-.cL, III.] to op- pofc a current. STENCH, S. [from ftencan, Sax ] a bad fmell. Drydtn has ufed it for a good fmell. To STENCH, V. A. to Ant with a bad fmtll. STENO'GRAPHY, S. [from q-f^i, and y(a<f, Gr.j the art of writing iu Iccrct cha- racters, or fnort hand. To STEP, V. N. \fnepfav. Sax. ftappen, Belg. ftcfcc, Pol.Jto move by a fingle change or motion of the feet ; to advance fuddenly j lo ir:ice backwards or forwards in the mind j to take a fhort walk. STEP, S. [ jtoL-p, Sax. /tap, Belg.] motion by moving one loot befote another j a flair ; S T I a round of a ladder ; the fpace pa fled by the fingle remove of the foot; a fmall fpace, patlage or conduct; the print of afoot; the maimer of walking ; acfUon or conduft. STEP, in Compofition, fignifies one re- lated to aHotheronly by marriage; i'romfreop. Sax. of Jttpiin, Sax. to deprive or make an or- phan ; hence we meet wifh the words frep- daughter, or fup-fon, as well as jtep-mother ; that is, a daughter or fon that ar^orphans, or have lofl their own mother ; and a perfon who by marriage is the mother of another that was an orphan, or had lofl a mother by death. STERCORA'TION, S. the zd of cover- ing or mixing with dung, STERCORARY, Adj. {jtercorarmi, Lat.] feediiig up<n dunp. STERF:'GGRAPHY, S \ftereograpkm, Lat. from cepec?, and \pa<{)iw, Gr.j the art of reprcfenting folids on a plane. STEREO'METRY, S. [of cepEff, and /ttHTpsi', Gr.j a fcicnce teaching to n)cafur6 folid bodies, ot to find their folid contents. STE'RIL, Adj. [//o-.-.V, Fr. jtcrilh, Lat.] barren, or prodi.cingncither fruit norchildreii. STERI'LITY, S. {Jtaifiu; Fr. ftermta:, Lat. I barrennefs; or wanting the power to produce fruit or offspring. STt'RI^LNG, Adj. [from the Eafterlir;s, originally employed in coinage] genuine Englifh ; havicg twenty (hillings Engl.lh to the pound. STE'RLING, S. Englifh coin ; (landard money or rate. STERN, Adj. [fryrrn. Sax.] fevere in look or manners. STERN, S.[fteorf!, Sax.] the hind part of a (hip; thr hinder part of any thing ; dire£lion. STER'NLY', Adj. feverely ; morofely. STE'RNNESS, S. feverity in look or manners. STERNUTATION, S. [ fte, rutamX^t.] a convulfive (liaking of the nerves and muf- cles, occafioned by an irritation of thofe in the noftrils ; fneezing. STERNUTATIVE, Adj. provoking fneezing. To STEW, V. A. [efiuwr, Fr. fto-ven, Belg.] lo feethe any thing with a flow heat and a fmall quantity of litjuor. STEW, S. [ efiu-ve, Fr. /tufj, Ital. .ftufa. Span.] a bagnio; a brothel ; a flore pond, or filh pond. STE'WARD, S. [ftkvard. Sax.] one who manages the affairs ©f another, particu- larly with refpeft to money. STI'BIAL, Adj. antimonial. STICK, S. [Jticca, Szx. ftecco, Ital. fteck, Belg.] a thin and longilh piece of wood. To STICK, V. A. [preterand part, paflivc ftuck;Jtican, Sax.] to faften on fo that it may remain or adhere without falling off ; to ftab or pierce with a pointed inftrument. Neu- terly, to adhere to without falling off; to be I infeparable j S T I mfeparable ; to remain in the memory ; Lo (lop in its piflage ; to be conftant ; to heli- tate, ufeJ witht?/-. To be perplexed. To STl'CKLE, V. N. to uke part with one fide or another j to contend witli obfti- nacy. STI'CKLER, S. one uhn is bnfy in pul)- lic affairs ; one who is /.e.iloiis in ilie caufe he efponfcs. STl'CKY, Adj. faficning itfeif to any thinq ittouclies. STIFF. Adj. [fr.f, Sax. friff, Dan.] not eafiiy to be bent, or put out of form by the touch; not eafily fubdued; obftlnate ; formal. To STI'FFEN, V. A. r/'{/f.7«, Sax.] to make ftiff, or hard to be bent ; to make ob- ftinate, Neutcrly, to become haid to be bent, or obftinate. STI'FFLY, Adv. in a ftubborn or obni- rate manner. STI'FFNESS, S rigidity j hardncfs. Ob- Ainacy ; rtubbornnefs. To STIFLE, V. A. [eficufa; Fi.] to fmo- thcr for want of air ; to keep in ; to cxtin- guifh ; to fupprefs or conceal. STl'GMA, S. [Lat.J a brand with a hot iron ; a mark of infamy. To STI'GMATIZE, V. N. fftiymatifer, Fr.J to mark with a branJ ; to difgrace with a note of infamy or reproach. STILE, S. [fiigek, Six. froai pigan, Sax.] a fet of fteps by which a perfon may pafs from one inclofure to another j a pin in a fun- dial wliich forms the fliadow. To STILL, V. A. [fiiilan, Sax, JrUhn, Relg.] to make filcnt ; quiet or appeafe ; to llop motion. STILL, Adj. [/•;•//, Belg.] without noife, motion, or rage. STILL, S. a flateof calmnefs and filence; a veflel u fed in dirtilling. STILL, Adv. \ ftille. Sax.] to this time inclufive ; neveithelefs. To STILL, V. A. See DUtiJ. STI'LBORN, Adj. dead born. STI'LLICILE, S. [Lat.l a fuccefllon of drops. , STI'LLNESS, S. the ftate of being free from motion or noife. STILTS, S. [j^>'/.'cr, Svved./v.Vo«, Dan.] fticks with ftraps, in which boys put their feet, and raife themftlves to walk in. To STI'MULATE, V. A. [ftimuhtys, Lat.] to prick ; to incite to aftion by fome forcible notice. In Phyfic, to excite a quick fenfation, and a derivation towards the part. . STIMULATION, S. the aft of JHciting to aftion ; the a£t of inciting a quick fcnfa' don. ' '■ ' To STING, V. A. fpreter fiuv.g, part. pafT./cflK^, and yhf;;^ ; ftingan, Sax-] to pierce ox prick with a pointed dart infsfted with venom \ to put to great paih or torture. S T O STING, S. a fliarp and venomous point with which fome animals are armed; any thing that gives pain ; the lift verfe of an epi^-ram, conveying fome fharp or pointed thought. _ STING I'NESS, S, coveroufiiefs; niggard- linefs. STI'NGO, S. [from the fliarpnefs of its tafte] old flrong beer. STI'NGY, S. [the » pronounced foft like a 7 J covetous ; loth to give or fpcnd. To STINK, V. N. I preter/wn,' or ftunk j J'lincan, Sax. j'tincka:, Belg. j. to be piitrificd and caufe a bad fcent. STINK, S. an ofilnfivefmclL STl'NKARD, S. a flinking, iiaffy, paltVy fellow. STI'NK-POT, S. an arilficial compofi- tion offenfive to the fmcll. ToSTINT, V. A. [/'■•.•.'.-:, Swed. y?j/r/<7, in.] to bound ; to retrain ; to give fparinply, or confine to fliort allowance. STINT, S. limit; bound. A proportion afTigned. STl'PEND, S. [/f/>mr/z/«, Lat.J wages, or fettled pay. STIPE'NDIARY, S. Iftlpekdlalre, Tr.fn- pet:diar!:is,'L3.t..] 3ne who performs any fervice for a fettled payment. STITTIC, or STJ'PTIC.^L, Adj. See Siff>r:c. "ToSTI'PUL.ATE, V. N. [ftipuhtus, Lat.] to fettie or make a bargain on certain terms. STIPULATION, S. an agreement; a covenant. To STIR, V. A. [fth-can. Sax. foonn, Belg.] to move or remove from its place; to incite; to agitate, or put the parts of a Hnid in motion, by keeping fomething continually moving between them. To fib- up, to put in action : to incite or provoke, Neuterly, to move one's felf j to be in motion ; to rife out of bed. STIR, S. [/.vr, Run.] a tumult, buHIe, or public commotion. STI'RIOUS, Adj. hanging in drcps like icicles. STI'RRUP, S. [pl^erap, S x.] an iron loop hung by a ftrap, aflifliiig -n horfeman in mounting his horfe. To STITCH, V. A. [fikkc, Dzn. frirkin, Belg.] to wotk in a peculiar manner with a needle. ' To Jiit'cb tip, to mend fomething rent. Nenterly, to perform needle \vork. STITCH, S. a fingle pafs of a needle and thread through any thing ; a fliarp pain f {romjl'iciati. Sax. STI'THY, S. [ ftedie, lA.fncb, Sax.] an anvil. ^ ' ■ ,->v' , To STIVE; V. A. 4;from tjhe fame origi- nal as Stiw j to ftiifTupclofc ;• to make fact and fultry for wartt.of vent. STO'AKER, S. one who looks after fires, and"keepsfb?n3U;;»^.-.::.> ,■•:-.;■ rK vSTOCCA'DC, S T O STOCCA'DO, S. [ftoccafa, from ftuco, Ital.) aihrultwith a rapier. STOCK, S. ijtoc, -ax. j't:ick, Belg. ef'oc, Fr.J the trunk or body of a plant or tree ; a log ; a pcrfcn remarkably fli:p:d ; the handle S T O STONE, Adj. made of flonc. To STONE, V. A. to hit or kill with ftones; to harden. STO'NY, Adj. full of (tones. "* STOOL, S. [y:';/i, Goth. ^y:67 Brit. /J, ct any thing ; the frame on Vhich a Hiip is j Sax. and Schv. j'toci, Belg. f/iig, RuflT.jW/f.-, lupported xvfiilc building ; a clofe neckcloth; Boh.) a feat without a back j evacuation by a race, or family ; the fund with which a purging medicines. perfon carries on trade ; goods employed in To STOOP, V.N. [ftupian. Sax. ftuyfien , trade; quantity; a fund ellablilhed by theJBelg.] to bend downwards or forwards, fi- rover'nraent. ! guratively, to yield or uibmit. To STOCK, V. A. to (lore; to lay in j To STOP, V. A. {efmper, Fr. Jt'-f-pare, flock ; to put in the (locks. ItvX.ft'ppen, Belg.] to hinder in moving or STOCKFISH S. dried cod, fo called from [action ; to put an end to motion or adlion ; S. the covering of the its hardnefs. STOCKING, legs STO'CKJOBBER, S. a low \yretch who gets money by buying and felling in the funds. STOCKS, S. [it has no fmgular] a con- financnt for tl.c l:gs. STO'CK-STILl, Adj. as motionlefsas a log. STO'rCK, S. a follower of the feft of Zenoj this ("eft received its name from Stoj, Gr. a porch, becdufe Zeno taught his difci- ples in a common porch of the ci'y of Athens. Ihey he'd the doiftrine of the neutrality of external things. STOKK, or STOAK, in the names of places comes horn Jtoccc, Sax. the (lock or body of a tree. STOLE, S. [ftola, Lat.] a long ved or robe. Grcomofthefiok, is the head officer belonging to the king's bed- chamber. to ciole any aperture ; to put the points to the ieveral branches of a period in writing. Neuterly, to ceafe from motion or aflion; to rcfufe payment, or become a bankrupt. STOP, S. a hindrance or obftrufllon of a£lion or motion ; a point uCed in dividing fentences. STO'PPLE, S. fomething by which the mouih of a bottle or veflcl is flopped up. STORE, S. {Jtor, Run.] plenty or a large number or quantity j a (lock laid by or re- fer ved. To STORE, V. A. to fnpply or furnifh in large quantities ; to rcfcrve or lay by in large quantities for a future time j to lay up or hoard. STO'RGE, S. [Gr.] inftinfl ; natural affe£lion. STORK, S. a bird of paflage, famous for the regularity of its departure. STORM, S. \adj'tuma, R.\.\n. ftorm. Sax. ftormo, Ital.] a violent agitation of the wind, or commotion of the elements ; a violent af- fault on a fortified place ; violence of paflion; STOLE, preter oi St.-al. STO'LEN, part. palTive of 5/<?^/, STOLI'DITY, S. foolifhnefs ; want oflmileryor diftrefs. fenfe. | To STORM, V. A. to attack by open STO'MACH, S. {eftcmachf'Fr. ftomachusAiorcc. Neuterly, to raife tern peils ; to rage. Lat.] that part of the body in which the STO'RIvIY, Adj. tempeltuous ; boiiter- food is digetfed ; appetite, hunger, or defire i ous ; violent. of food ; inclination ; anger; fullcnnefs or j STO'RY, S. \_ftcer., Sax. ftorie, Belg.fto' rcfentment. { ria, Ital,] an account of things pad:, centrally To STO'MACH, VI N. [ftomacho, Lat.] jasplied to a relation of trifling and "fiftitious to refent, STO'MACHER, S. an ornamental co- vering worn by women on the front of their flays. bTOMA'CHIC, or STOMA'CHICAL, Adj. relating to the fiomach j good for t!ic flom.ich. STOMA'CHICS, S. [ftomachla, Lat.] medicines that (Irengtheu the (loniach, and caufe an appetite. STONE, S. [j'tai/is, Goih.ftan, Sax] an in(ipid hard body, neither ffralleable, dutlile, nor folublc in water; a gem or precious done; the l^ird covering of the kernel of a fruit ; a difoider confiding of a hard concretion of gr.ivel or fabulous matter; a welghtconfiding »f fourteenpounds^ 71 ka-ve jioftonc unturned., is to do every tiling that can be doae towaids ^c fucccfs of ail uiidcrtaking.' thing?; a floor or flight of rooms To STO'RY, v.* A. to relate any tranf- ai£lion either real or fiftitious ; to range above one another. STOVE, S. \ftoo, la.fofca, Sax.] a hot- houfe, orrootn made warm by art; aplace in which fire is made. To STOUND, V. N. [JiurJ.-, 1(1,] to be in pain or forrow. Ufed by Spenfer for ffuntt'J. STOUND, S. forrow; aftonilhment ; hour ; feafon. STOUT, Adj. [/tauten', Goth.] ftrong;, brave ; intrepid ;firm, or able to bear a great weight. srOU'TNES=5, s. bodily (Irength j bra- very ; intrepidity. To STOW, V. A. Iftm', Sax.] to lay up ; to put in a proper place. STO'WAGE, S T R STO'WAGE, S. money paid for laying up goods; the place where goods are laii up. STOWE, in the names of places, is de- rived t'tomjhiu. Sax a place. To STRADDLE, V. N. [from fi ride] to ftand or walk with the feet at a wide dritance from each other. To STRAGGLE, V. N, [from ftray, of jtrcvaye, Ital.J to go frem the right way ; to rimble or wander. STRAIGHT, Ad|. [when thisvvord is oppcfed to crooked, it fnould be written fttc'^ht ; but when oppofed to broad or wide, ftrah] not crooked j narrow not clofe. STRAIGHT, Adj. [firax, Dan. fhaci, Bclg.] immediately J without delay. To STRA'IGHTEN, V. A. to redure from a crooked to a right or fhaight line. STRAI'GHTNESS, S. the quality of being even or not crooked. STRAI'GHTWAYS, Adv. immediately. To STRAIN, V. A. [efiratndre, Fr.j to ftjueeze, or force liquor through by fqueez^ ing ; to filter ; to weaken by overftretching; to put to the utmolt ftrenpth ; to pull or force tight ; to conlhain. Neuterly, to m:;ke violent efforts. STRAIN, S. a weaknefscaufed by ftretch- ing a hgament too much j flile or manner of ipeaking ; fong or found. STRA'INER, S. an inflrument ufed in ckaring liquors from foulnefs. STRAIT, Adj. [eftrmt, ¥r. ftrerto, Tta!.] narrow, oppofed to ivlde ; clofe ; intimate ; rigorous; difficult or didrefsfui. STRAIT, S. a narrow palTage of the fca, ■whereby two parts of the ocean are united ; diftrefs or difficulty. To STRAIT, V. A"^ to reduce to diffi- culties. To STRA'ITEN. V. A, to make nar- row ; to contraft ; to make tight ; to deprive of room ; to diftrefs. STRA'ITNESS, S. narrownefs ; diffi- culty. STRAND, S. [Jtrjud, Sarcftrande, Belg] the land which borders on the fea or a river ; a bank or iliore. To STRAND, V. A. to drive or force upon the fhallows or fiiore. STRANGE, Adj. [eftran^e, Fr. extraneus, Lat.] w6nderful, becaufe feldom occurring ; odd ; uncommon. STRANGE, Interj. ufed as an expreffion of wonder. STRA'NGENESS, S. nncommonnefs ; ftiynefs. STRA'NGER, S. {etmnger, Fr.] one of another country; one with whom we have no acquaintance. To STRANGLE, V. A. [ftrangulo, Lat.] to kill by hindering a perfon from breathing; to hinder from birth er appearance. S T R _ STRANGLES, S. [it has no fingujar] a difeafe in horfes, attended with a running at the nofe. STRANGULA'TION, S. fuffocation ; the aft '»,f ftrangling. STRA'N GUK y, S. [//r^r^wnV, Fr. from Cf"}-^ and oi'fov, Gr.] a dilea'e wlierein a perfon is forcibly inclined to make urine, but cannot do it, uulefs drop by drop, and then with great pain. STRAP, S. [ftrlfpc, Be!g. fiyaf>pc!, Ttal.] a nartow flip of cloth or leather. Among Surgeons, is a kind of band to (hetch out members in fetting broken or disjointed bones. Among Mariners, is a rope fpliccd about a block, with an eye to faften it. STRA'PPING, Adj. of a large bulk or fize, applied to men or women. STRAPPA'DO, S. [Ital.] a kind of rack, tlie criminal being drawn up on high, with his arms tied backwards. STRA'TA, S. [plural of ftrjfwn, Lat.'] beds or layers of diflfcrent kindsof earth. STRA'TA GEM, S, [ ftratagcn:e, Fr.] irparaynua, Gr.] an artifice or trick by which an enemy is deceived in war; a trick by which fome advantage is gained. STRA'TIFV, V, A. to range in beds or layers. STRATOCRACY, S. [^r^ar:?, and KpaTna, Gr.] military government j a ft ate governed by the army. STRA'TTM, S. [Lat.] a bed or layer of different kinds of earth. STRAW, S. [ftreow, Sax. //;w, Belg.] the ftalk of corn after it is tluclhed : any thing proverbially worthiefs. STK'AWBERRV, S. a well known frmt. STRAY, S. a heaft that has ftrayed or wandered from its pafture or owner. To SRAY, V. N. [ftroe, Dan. firev T/wrf, Ital ] to rove without any certain di- reftion : to go out of the way or beyond pro- per bounds. Figuratively, to err. STREAK, S. {firia; Sax. f'nke, Bclg. ftriccia,' Ttal.] a line of a colourdiiTeient from thatof the ground. To STREAK, V. A. to mark with a line of different colour from that of the ground. STRE'AKINESS, S. the quality of being full of lines of different colours. STRE'AKY, Adv. abounding with ftreaks. STREAM, S. [ftraum, Ifl. ftrc::m, Belg.] running water ; a current j any tiung ifTuing in a line or current from a head. To STREAM, V. N. to flow or run like water from a fountain or aperture. STRE'AMER, S. the flag or pendant of a Oiip. STRFET, S. \ftrat. Sax. firada. Span, and Tt.ll. J a paved way, or v.idc pad.ige be- tween two rowi of houfes; a pubhc w^y cr place. 3 K a STP^EET- S T R STREE'T-WALKER, S. a proftitutc who walks the ftreets to entice the unwary and lewd. S IRENGTH, S. [Sax.] force, vigour, or power of body or mind ; the qiKility of liquors which render them iatoxicatingj fupport ; an armament. ToSlRE'NGTHEN, V. A. to increafe in ftrength or make (trong ; to fix in refolu- tion. STRE'NUOUS, Adj. [ftremw-, Lat.] brave or valiant j zealous or velicment in any caull". STRE'I'EROUS, Adj. lioarfe j noifyj javring. STERSS. S. S firece, Sax.] importance ; violence ; force ; dependance. To lay ajtnfs riboii, to infill: or rely on. To STRETCH, V. A, \ ftncan. Sax. ftreckeii, Belg.] to fpread out lengthwii'e with force ; to ftrain to the utmoll. Neuterly, to I)e extended j to bear beinu extended without breaking ; to go beyond the truth. STRETCH, S. cxtenfion, or the ftate of occupying more fpace ; etfoi t ; ftniggle j the utmolt extent or l.uilude of meaning; utmofl reach of power. STRETCHER, S, any tinng ufed for extcntion. The timber againft which the rower plants his feet. To STREW, V. A. [pvet. and part. paff. f:rjzi<i:, oxftrawi:, iiom ft tazv an, Golh.j to fpread by fcattering ; to fcatter looftly. STRl'/E, S [Lat.] the fmall channels in the fliel Is of cockles and fcallops. STRI'ATED, Adj. formed into channels. STRI'CKLE, or STRI'CKLESS, S. a thing ufed to (Irike the over meafure of corn, &c. STRIC r. Adj. [ftrinui, Lat.] rigoroully cxaft, nice, nrfeverc j clofe or tight. STRl'C TLY, Adv. feverely ; clofely ; ex- affly. STRI'CTNESS, S. carefulnefs, exaclnefs ; feverity. STRUCTURE, S. a.fpark from red-hot iron. Figuratively, degree. The bealts " have {omt Jtriclures of ratiocination." STRIDE, S. [j'trade, Sax ] a long flep. To STRIDE, V. N. [preter jh-ode or Jtr'tdy part. pail./'Wi/i/c'n] to walk or pafs with long Heps ; to (land or ride wi.h one leg on each fide of any thing. STRI'DENT, Adj. nolfy; gnadiing with the tcith. ■ STRI'DULOUS, Adj. cracking or fcre.ik- in^. STR.1 FE, S. [ from f:rk-f\ aconteft where- in perfons mutually ftiive to hurt or get the better of each other ; oppofition of nature. To STRIKE, V. A. [prefer, firud or (ti-ook, part. pall, ftruck or prickcn ; aJ-iL-.in, Sax.] to hit with violence. To dalh, ufed with on. To ftamp or imprcfs.a refemblance, applied to coining. To contract or lower, ap- S T R plied to fails, or .lags. To make, applied to bargains. Ufed with out, to produce by a fudden and violent ftroke 5 to bring to light ; to form by a quick effort. Neuterly, to make a blow 5 to clalTi. To a<ft upon by a blow, or found by the hammer, applied to clocks. To force its way with a quick and fudden effort, loftrike in with, to conform, or comply. STRIKE, S. a buflieL STRI'KINCi, Part. Adj. affciling ; fur- prizing ; remarkable. STRING, S. fSax. ftreng, Teut. and Dan.j a llcnder rope, thiead, or filk j the chord of a mulical inflrunr.ent ; a'nerve ; a fet of things fixed on a line ; a feries of pro- portions or arguments. To La-ve tivojtrings to ones boiv, is to have two views or expe- dients, or to have a double advantage or fe- curity. To STRING, V. A. [preter and part, pafl. J!ru7ig\ to furnifh with ftrings; to file on or pierce through with a firing ; to ftrctch or make tight. STRI'N GENT, Adj. contraaing ; bind- ing. STRINCI'NESS, S. the quality of being full of firings or threads. To STRIP, V. A. [ftreopen, Bdg. he- jttii>tc. Sax. J to make naked ; to deprive of drcfs or covering ; to deprive ; to rob, S i'RIP, S. a narrow llircd. STRIPE, S. ijtrcpe, Belg.]a line of a different colour from the pround ; a flired of a different colour ; a mark made in tke (kin by a blow ; a blow or lalli. To STRIPE, V. A. \ fftpen, Belg.] to variegate with different colours, STRl'PLING, S. a young perfon j a youth. To STRIVE, V. N. [preter. ftrove, part. pafT j?»;T'f^ ; jtreven, Belg. eftrivfr, Fr.] Jo 1 '^''^Sg'Sj or to make a forcible effort ; to j tlrugglc or contend in oppofition to another; I to vie with or contend in excellence. I STROKE, 5. [from I trcok, preter of ftnke] a blow ; a fiuiden af\ of ons body upon an- other ; a fudden difcafc ; the touch of a pcn- I cil; an etY^Ct fuddcnly produced ; a maflerly I effoit ; power ; a gentle Inioothingor rubbing j of tiic hand. 1 To STROKE, V. A. [ ftracan. Sax.] to I rub ger.tiy one way with the hand by way of j kindnefs. i To STROLL, V. N. to rove about like a j vagabond. STRONG, Adj. \ prMg, Sax.] having I great Ilrength of body or mind ; fortified 5 , able to mcke a long ans vigorous refinance ; healthy : afting forcibly on the mmd ; zealous ; .having any quality in a great degree. Intox- icating, r.polisd tr> liquors. Deep, applied to I colour. Hard of digeftion, or high feafoned, applied to food. Not ealily conquered, ap- ' plied to habits. Firm ornoteafily broken, STRO'NGLY, S T U STRONGLY, Adv. luftily ; ftoutly ; for- :!l)Iy. S rRO'PHK, S. [Gi:] the firfl of the three divilions of" a Greek lyric poem. SXaU'CrURE, S, [Fr.frrnCIura, Lat.] the art of I)uilJing ; the manner in which the parts of any building or macliine are joined togetliei- ; a building. To STRU'GGLE, V, N. [the ctimology uncertain] to ftiive hard, or make fhong efforts to perforin a thing ; to contend or make a ftrong oppofition ugaind; to be in agonies or diftiefs. STRU'GGLE, S, a violent ttTort made to overcome any difficulty or refiftauce ; an agony. STRU'MA, S. [Lat.] a glandular fwell- ing : the king's evil. Sl'RU'MOUS, Adj. having a fuelling in the glands. STRU'Ml'ET, S. [firofOyoU I\: ftuprum, Lat.] a common proftitute. To STRUT, V. N. \ ftn>£hi, Tcut.] to walk vvitli sn air of pride and dignity j to Iwell with fomcthing contained. STRUT, S. a gait or walk of aifefted grandeur. STUB, S. \pL, Sax. fiMe, Dan. flub, Be\g. frlfes, Lat.l a thick fhort (lock of a iwe i a o^ or b'ccc. To STUB, V. A. to root u^i ; to extir pate. STU'BBLE, S. {eftcul/e, Yr.ftffcl, Belg. ftipula, Lat. I the ihort ftraw left after the corn is reaped. STLJ'BBORN, Adj. [invn ftub and born] obfUn.ite, or not to be moved l.y threats or perfualions; hardy; ralh ; fti.'f; generally including theid^a ot foinething bad. STU'BBORNLY, Adv. obrtinately ; in- flexibly. STU'BBORNNESS, S. obftinatenefs; per- verfencfs. STU'CCO, S. [Ital. ftuc, Fr.] a kind of fineplarter ufed in a celling or wall. STUD, S. [ ftudu, Sax.j a poll or ftake j a knob or other ornamental protuberance ; an ornamental faflening worn in the wriftband of a fliirt ; a coliedion of breeding horfcs and mares, from ftade, 111. a Rallion. To STUD, V. N. to adorn v.ich Ihining knobs. STU'DENT, S. [ftudcns, Lat.] a peifon given to books. In the univerlity of Oxford, an exhibitioner, or flholar on the foundation of Chrift-church. STUDIED, Adj. lenrned ; produced by meditation or deep thinking. STU'DIOUS, Adj [ftudienx, ¥r.ftudkf:^s, Lat.] much given to ftudy j earneft for j re- gardful. STU'DIOUSLY, Adv. diligently; care- fully. SfU'DIOUSNESS, S. thcj^juality of be- irig much addicled to fludy. S T U STU'DY, S. [epdo, Fr.ftt.diu;!:,'Lst.'] an in tenfe application of the mind to books or me- ditation ; learning acquired by books; an apart- ment fet apart for reading and nieditaling. To STU'DY, V. N. [fnuicv, Lat.J to think upon with intenfe application, or to en- deavour diligently. Actively, to apply the mind to with intdnfe thought, or to confidcr v.irh attention. STUFF, S. [pffe, Belg. f/r#, Fr.] any matter or body ; materials or wliicli any thing is compotcd j furniture ; any mixture or medicine ; clotji or mixture of any kind, tiptcialiy that of the woollen fort. A nialter or thing, u(ed only in contempt. To STUFF, V. A. to fill or cram very full; to till fo as to occafion uncalincfs; to fill or cram mc;it with fcafoning. STU'FFING, S. that by wh:ch any thing is filled ; high feafoncd ingredients which are forced into meat. STLKE or STUCK, S. f^ee Srucco] a fine nlafler made of lime and marble finely powdered, with which walls are covered, and wrougiu in figures refemhling c;;rvings. S'l ULl ILO'QITENCE, S. [jtukUo<juentia, Lat.] idle and foolilh talk. STUM, S. [Swed. perhaps corrupted from wiij:uvt, Lat.] wine not fermented j new wine. To STU'MBLE, V. N. Tpei'iaps from TumbL] to trip in walking. Figuratively, to Hip or err; to rtrike againft, or light on by chance, ufed with o?;. Actively, to obftrurt, or olTlnd. STU'MBLE, S. a trip in walking; a blun- der or error in judgment. STUMP, S. [ftumpcr, Dan. ftO);:fie, Eelg.] a fmall part of a tree remainingin the ground after the trunk and branches are loppedaway; a part of a tooth remaining in the gums after the other part is broken off. To STUMP, V. A. to cut off a flump ; to brag or boaft. To STUN, V. N. [ftuna,,, Sax. geftan, Belg.] to confound or impair hearing with an exceeding loud noife; to make a perfon fenfelefs or dizzy by a blow on the head. To STUN r, V. A. [fturjta, llLJ to hinder from growth. STUFF., S. \ft„/:a, Lat.] cloth, linen, or fiax, dipped in warm medicated liijuors and applied to a hurt or wound. To STUPE, V. A. to foment, or apply warm flannels dipped in medicated liquors to a hurt. STUPEFA'CTION, S. [ Fr. fiupefaffio, Lat.] a fbte of mind wherein a perfon is infenfible to threats or perfuafions, and fcems to have loft every fign of contrivance or at- tention. STUPEF ACTIVE, Adj. caufing infenfi- bility or duUnefs. stUPE'NDOUS, Adj. prodigious ; won- deiful ; aftonilhing. ! 3 ^-^ 3 ST U'P ID, SUB STUri'D, Adj. [fiuphif, Fr. ftupldui, Lat.J wr.niing lenfibility, apprehenfion, or underfl£nJing. -, , , r STU'P)D1TY,S. [ftup'diii-',V\\] dulnefs, fcnfclcfir.c.Si \v.;nt ot coniprehcnlion. To SVL"?H-Y, V. A. f//.v;c/^do, Lat.] to deprive of fenlibility, fugadty, or adi- S TUTOR, S. [ftupcur,Yr.\ a deprivation of all the fenfes ; lieavinefs , nambnels. STUPRA'TION, S. the aft of dcflowcr- iii'^ a woman ; ;- ivipe. "S TU'RDiLY, Adv. ftoutly, bhintly, ob- ftinately. SrU'RDINESS, S. great ftrength, ftout- nefs, obftinacv. STU'RDY, Adj. {ejiourdl, Fr. ] hardy; ftout : able to hear great toll, and to make a vigurous reli'.Unce. STU'RfiEON, S. a filli. SUB SUBA'LTERN, Adj. placed utidcr an- other ; fucceeding by rurns. - SUBA't;VLrANliOUS, Adj. living under the water. SU'BCHANTOR, S. an uhder cliantor : an officer who officiates for a chantor in his' abfence. SUBCONSTR'LLATION, S. in Attro- nomy, a leiier conftellation. SUBCUl A'NhlOUS, Adj. lying under the (kin. SU'B-D"AN, S. a dignified clergyman next to the de:tn. To SUT.DELEG ATE, V. A. to fubftitute or appoint. SUBDETI'TIOUS, Adj [fubdetUlui, Lat.] foiilcd ; forgtJ. To.SU'BDIVIDE, V.A. ^ Jukdi'vljer, Fr.] to divide a part into Hill lefTcr parts. SU'BDOLOU^. Adj. [fubdclus, Lat.] STURK, S. r I'tyyc, Sax.l a young ox or | Uibtle •, crafty ; dcceirful. j^eifer. To SL'BDL'CE, V. A. to fubtraft ; to To STUT, or STUTTER, V. N. [ftut- inveigle ; to Icdiicc. ten, Belg.] to Ipeak with he!":tition, diSjulty, To SU'BDUCT, V. A. [Jvlduaum, Lat.] or freqiTcnt repetition of the fame fyllable or to withdraw or take aw.'.y. letter of a woi J. SUBJU'CTION, S. an abatement, fub- S rY, S. [ /f'V, Sax. f)'. Brit.] a fmall in- traftion, or privately taking away. clofurc in wiiich hogs aic kept. To SUBDU'E, V. A. [fuido, Lat,] to STY'GIAN, Adj. belonging to the river cruth, overpower, or conquer Styx ; infernal ; hcllifh STYLE, S. [ftylus, Lat.] a manner of writing, fpeaking, or compofmg ; a pointed iron ufed anciently in writing on tables of wax. In Botany, the pointed ftalk which rifes from amidftthe leaves of flowers. To STY'LE, V. A. to call, term, or name. STYPTI'C, Adj. rufuitly written //■;/';<: ; from ;-t.nliy.^;,GT.] aflringeHt, peculiarly ap- plied to fuch medicines as Hop bleeding. S 1 YX, S a poifonoiis fountain of Area STj'BDU ER, S. a conqueror j one that re- duces or bring; under. SU3FU'AlIGATTONr,S. a ceremony ufed by forcerers to drive away evil Cpu'its by burning incenfe. . SUBJA'C&NT, Adj. lying imder. To SUBJE'CT, V. A. [juhjif}vi, Lat.} to put under ; to reduce to fubmifTion ; to make liable or obnoxious ; to make fub- ; lervient. I SL'BJECr, Adj. [fuijeffus, Lat.] placed, fituateJ, living or I'crving under; liable or ob- Jia, by the poets feigned to be a river of hell, noxious ; that on whicil any aftion or liy which the gods fvvore, and if any one | thought is exercifcd. broke his oath, or Uvore falfely, he was b.i- | SU'CJECT, S. f fujet, Fr.] one who lives niilicd from heaven and deprived of neft.ir under the dominion of another ; that on for ICO \cars. i which any aftion or thought is employed; SLIA'SIVI'L. Adj. [fuafttm, Lat.] having I that in which any thing inheres. the p5wer to pcrfuade. I SU'BJECTION, S. { fujuttion, Fr.] obe- SUA'SGRY, Adj. liaving a tendency to dience to a fiiperior ; dependence; flavery ; pcrl'ujde. obligation ; neceffity. SU.'^.'VITY, S. [ ///^-wV, Fr.] fwcetnefs ; plciifantucfs. SUB, in compofition, is borrowed from the Latin, and implies a fmall degree ; or in- ferior. SUB A^C riON, S. the aft of fobduing or bringing under. To SUB VGITATE, V. A. [f:,hghatuin, Lat.] to fo!l;c:: ; to have commerce with a woman. SUBA'LPINE, Adj. [ful> x^lpims, Lat.] SUBJE'CTIVE, Adj. relating not to the objeftbut the fubjeft, To SUBJOl'N, V. A. to add at the end ; to annex. SUBITA'NEOUS, Adj. fudden; hafty. To SU'BjUGATE, V. A. [fuhjuget:r,YT. fubjugatum, Lat. j to bring under the yoke j to fubdue. SUBJUGA'TION, S.the aft of fubduing, or reducing to a fti.te of flavery. SUBJU'NCTIVE, [jubjcnam, Fr.fubjunc- I'ving or growing near the mountains called /.••zr<i, Lat.] fubjoined or added to fomething the Alps Sl'BA'LTERN, S inferior. iell'e. In Grammar, a mood wherein thefig- nihcation of a verb is rclatlveto that offonif o'.hti which goes before it. ) SUBLA'i?- SUB SUBLA'PSARY, Adj. [fui and /a/^fus, Lat. I done a.'rer ilie fall of man. SUnLA'IiON, S. the aft of taking away. SUBLAXA'TIO^J, S. in Anatomy, an imperf -ft diflocatior. To SU'BLRVATF, V. A. [fublevatum, Lat 1 to raife, (iiccour, or cafe. SUBLEVATIOW, S. tlic aft of alUaing, cafing, or lifting up SUB ToSUBO'RN, V. A. [fubomeriTt. fub- orno, Lat. J to produce privately, by fecrct fraud, or by filent and indirect means. SUi50RlSrA'TION% S. the aft of procur- ing a pcrfon to give falfc evidence, or do a bad adtion. SUBPOE'NA. S. {jub and fcsna, Lat.] a writ commanding a perfon's appearance in a court under a penalty. To SL'BPOE'NA, V. A. to fummon a ToSU'BLTMATE, V. A. \Juhtmh, Lat.] i pcrfon to apear before a court, in Chemiflry, to raifc by the force of fire! SU'B-READER, S. an under render in Figuratively, to exalt or elevate. j tlie inns of court, who reads the texts SU'BLIM.^TE, S. any thing raifed by fire i of liw the reader is to lefturc upon, and in a retort. Quickfilver raifed in the re- ailiftshim. tort. SUBREP'TITIOUS, Adj. See Sump- SURLIMA'TION, S. in chemiftry, the Uviwi. diftillation of folid fubn.inces only SUBLI'ME, Adj. [Fr./Mimis, Lat.] high in place, excellence, or nature j elevated in thought or (lyle. SUliLI'ME, S. [Fr.j a grand or lofty ftyle, arifnig from noblcnefs of thought, m;tgnifi- I'cnce of words, and the harmonious lively iLirn of the phrafe. SUBRTGU'OUS, Adj. wet ; moift 5 wa- tery underneath. SUBRl'SION, S. the aft of fmiling. To SU'BROGATE, V. A. [fuh-.z^nitn, Lat.] to fubftitute, or put in the plac- of another. To SUB^CR^BE, V. A. [fubfcrito, Lat.] to give confcnt to or atteft by writing one's To SUBLIME, V. A. [fublimcr, Fr.] to ; nimc. Neuterly, to give confent ; to promife ; jaife by a chemical fire ; to raifc on high ; to c:';alt, l-,cighten,or improve. SUBLl'MITY, S. [fublimhe, Fr. fubli- to promote an undertaking by paying in a certain fum of monev. SUT.SCRll'TION, S. the aft of attefling Pitt.is, Lat.] height of place, thought, or i a writing by figning one's name ; the undei- i'tyje. I taking to advance the government money SUBLU'NARY, Adj. [fublunahe, Fr. /k/^ ' up.on certain conditions, or giving money to and /;/'ia, Lat.] under the moon. icliaritjblc ufes. To SUBiV!t'RG£, V. A. \ jubmcrger, Fr. i SU'BSF.QLIENT, Adj.fFr./w^/e^ww, Lat] Juhmeigere, Lat.] to put or plunge under wa- ter ; to drown. SUBME'RSION, S. the aft of plunging or dipping under water ; finking 5 drowning. SUBMI'SS, Adj. [fubmifus, Lat.] humble, or confefling inferiority. SUBM1'.^SI0N, S. [Fr. fubrn'-Jfio, Lat.] foll.n\ing in orderof time or plicc. To SU'B'sE'RVE, V. A. [fubfer-vh, Lat.] to ferve in a fubordinate or inftrumental manner. SU'BSERVIENCY, S. fubjefl to the con. troul or command of another. SU'BSERVIENr, Adj. { fubfir-vlens, Lat.] furrender j acknowledgment of inferiority, adilHng to the accompiilhment of a purpofe guiltinefs, error, or power to command. or defign. SUBMl'SSIVE, Adj. humble ; meek ; re- j To SUBSI'DE, V. N. [fibJIJo, Lat.] to fpcftful. I fink down towards the bottom. To SUBMIT, V. A. [fubrKhto, L^t.] to] SU'BSIDIARY, Adj. [fub/dlari us, Lat.] let down or fink ; to acknowledge, or refign helping; aiding ; afTiding. one's felf to the authority, commands, di-, i,V'ESlDY,S.[ fubjid/, Fr.fubjidium, Lit.] reftion, or judgment of another. Neuterly, ' r,n aid given in money towards carrying on to be fubjeft to as an inferior. I the public affairs of a nation. SUBMU'LTIPLE, S. Afubmultip/e nam-] To SUBSI'ST, V. A. [ fubJlflo,'L&t. fuk- ber or quantity, is that which is contained in yp.firr. Fr.] to continue or retain the prefent another number, a certain number of times ■ (tate, nature, or properties ; to have means of exadly : thus 5 is fubmultifk of 30. j livin'j or maintenance ; to inherit. To SUBNE'RVATE, V. A. to cut the| SUBSl'STENCE, S. \ fubfiftance, Fr.] real being ; competency or fufficiency to fup- finews of the leg ; to hamftring. SUBO'RDINATE, Adj. [tub and cr^!>;.7-j port life. tus, Lat. J inferior in order, in nature, in dig- 1 SU'BSTANCE iiMy> or power; dcfcending in a regular feries or gi'adation. To SUBO'RDINATE, V. A. [Jtibordor.nn; Fr.] to range or place under another. SUBORDINATION, S. (Fr.l depen S. r ¥r. fubjiantia, Lat.] being ; fomething v.hich has exiltence, and fi'.pports accidents : the efier.tial part. Some- thing real, oppofed to imaginary. Body; wcalih. SUBSTA'NTIAL, Adj.' { fubftantblh^ dence of perfons or things with rcfpeft to each iLat.] real ; true ; folid j material ^ ftrong j ether. iwcakhy. 3 K4 SU'ESTAN- SUB S U C SU'BSTANTIVF., S. { fubftamive, Vt.\ SUBTRA'HF,ND,S. [ fubtrahenti'.M, Lot.] fubftsr.ti'vuw, Lat.] a n.->\in or wnr.l applif.dl in Aritlmietic, the lefs number, whcih is to to ijgnify any lhini>, that ib tlie oiijccl ot our be taken mi': of the greater, fenfcsorimagin.ition. ftiippcdof 'usqiialitits, SUBVEN TA'NEOUS, Adj. ^addled; and miikin'! lenfe when joined with a verb or windy, adjeftive. | To SURVE'R>F, V. A. r fubwrfus, Lat.] SU'BSTANTIVE, A.ij. folid; hetokeningj to overturn, dorK^iiih, or deftroy. g^iftence. 1 SUBVF,'RS[OM, S. [Fr.] the ,-ft of over- To SU'BSTITUTE, V. A. f p/L-fiifuer, Fr. j throwing; t!-.e ftatc of a thing ruined, over- fuh'''itu'::s L.!t.'i to W. iiiltead, or in thej thrown, or dcfrroyed. pl/c'e of, another. I To SUBVE'RT, V. A. [ fub-veito,!^^^} SU'BSTITUTE, S. [j~://>ft:t:tt, Fr.] one to overthrow, overturn, deftroy, or turn up- pLccd and aiTlinii inftcad of another. fide down ; tocoirupt er confound. To SUCSTRA'CT, or SUB TRA'CT, V. A. to take away a part from the \A/hoIt-. In Arithmatir, the rule of finding the diff -r- cnce between two numbers by takin^r away the ids from the greater, and fetting down what remains. SUBSTRU'CTION, S. the aft of laying the foundation of a hoiifc, SVBSU'LTlVE.or SL'BSU'LTORY,Adj. leaping ; bounding. To SUBTE'ND, V. A. [from fui and teado, Lat ] to extend under. SU'BTER, borrowed from the Latin, fig nifies, in compofjtion, utrjir. SUBTERFLU'C-U.S, Adj. running or Row- ing under. SU'BTERFUG!^, S. \ ful'ter and///^/o, "Lit. fuU:rfuic, Fr.J a lliift, cvafion, or trick, by which a perfon endeavours to extricate hin-i'llFfrom a difficulty. SUBTF-RRANEAN, or SUBTERRA- NEOUS. Atj. [ful'h-rra, Lit.junJer-ground,- unr'i'r tlie furi'.ice of the tartii. SUB TJ LE, Adi. [ foiiictinies written fultle, SU'BURB, S. \ fuhuroium, Lat. J a col- lection of buildings without ihe walls of a city. SUBURRA'XTTY.S. \ JuburbaAtas, Lat.] thenii^ii'eurhood of them that dwell with- out a city. ] SLBL"RBL\N, S. [ fuburlanui, Lat.] one that live? in the fuburbs. SUBL"R.ELAN, Adj. belonging to the fuburbs. 1 SU'BUrERES, S. [of fub and uber, Lat.] i fuckint; infants. SUCC:-DA'NEOU3, Adj. [fuccedantus, Lat. I fiipplving the place of fomething elfc. SUrCKDA'NEUM S. [Lat.J that which is put to fcrve in place of fomething elfc. SUCO'EDF.NT, Adj. [jucadais, Lat.] fucccedirg; foliov^ino ai'ter. To SUCCt'ED, V. N. [ fucceJei; Yr.Juc cedo, Lat. | re fol! ;w after or in order ; to come in the pkce of one who is dead or has quitted ; to fall out according to one's wifh. Aftivelvj to follow after ; to profper, or make a thing terminate according to a perfon's and pionoLinc-jd fut:U; fiilitik, Fr.] thin 5) will). nice ; fine ; piercing ; cunning ; fly; deceit- SUCCF'SS, S. [ fucces, Fr. fucce£'us, Lat.] fu!;refii)ed, or fo .u'lite ■ls hardly to be com a profperous event, wlien ufed witjiout an preliended. Whea it fijMiifics cunning or crafty, it is geneiaily fpelt fuhtlc. SU'B TILLY, Adv. 'craltily ; cun- rinclv. SU'BTILTY, S. \ fubtih/, Fr.l firm- nel's ; the quality cf being much r.;rificd, or confifting of very imai! and penetrating p.rticles ; nicity epithet. The termination of an affair whe- ther happily or unhappily. .SUCCESSFUL, Adj. fortunate; lucky. SUCCE'SSFULLY, Adv. fortunately 5 luckily. SUCCE'SSFULNESS, S. the quality of being fortunate or profperous in an under- lefjneincnt to excei's j} taking, cunning. j SUCCE'SSION, S. [Fr. Jucceffio, Lat.] a SUBTILIZA'TION", S. [Fr] the aft of fevies or order in which one perlon or thing ra ifymg or nidkin^ thin. follows another. To SUBTILIZE. V.N. [ fuh:';fer.Yr.]\ SUCCESSIVE. My \ fuccejfif, Fr.] fol- to rarity, or make tiiin ; to refine or fpin I lowing in order immediately after another into nfil'.fi niceties; to tieat v.ith too niucii j perfon or thin(». j-ctineme-it. S\5'CCE^i>6\K,^. [Jucceffeur,Yr. Jucceffor, SUBTLE, [See Suonk] fly; artful or j Lat. the word is fometinies accented on the cuntiing. _ I t'econd All jble. thus, y«rf£^or J one that im- SUB rLE'TY, S. cunning ; craftinefs 3 1 mediately follows another in any pofleffion or quicknefs of wit. poft. SUSTLE'LY, Adv. cunningly 5 artfully;] SlJCCrNT, Adj. [Fr. >fa«<^;^j, Lat.] flvlv. ' To SUBTRA'CT, V. A See SubftraSi. SUBTRA'CTION, S. in Arithmetic, a vnie by which a Icfs fum is taken from a gieatpr, to find the remainder. in its primary fenfe, tucked or girded up ; having the cloalhs drawn and faftened up to difengage the legs. Figuratively, fliort, or concife, applied to narratives. SUCCI'NCJLY, Adv. briefly ; concifely. ;;UCCI'NCTf SUE SUCCI'NCTNESS, S. briefnefs ; com- prthenlivcnci's ; concirenefs. ToSL'CCOUR, V. A. [Juccurro, Lat.] to litlp, relieve, or alTift in clanger, difficulty, or diftrefs. SU'CCOUR, S. [fccccun, Fr.l aid or re- lief afforded in difficulty or diftrcfs ; the psr- fon who aids or relieves another in diftrefs. SU'CCUliUS, S, a devil or demon fup- pofed to aflume a female Ihape to lie with a man. SU'CCULENT, Adj. \Yt. fuccukntus, Lat.] moid; abounding in juice. To SUCCUMB, V. A. [ [uccombre, Fr. fuccumhere Lat.] to fall down, fink, or fall under ; to yield. SUCCUSSA'TION, S. \ fuca/Jatus, Lat.] a trot. SUCCU'SSION, S. [fuccuJf:o, Lat.] the aft of (baking or jolting ; a jolt or fhake given by a carriage. In Medicine, a fhaking of the nerves procured by flrong (limulating and nernutatoty medicines. SUCH, Pron. [ fulkiks, Goth, fu/k, Bel-. hoik. Sax.] when anfwered by as, like or of the fame kind. When ufed without as, of the fame nature with that which is men- tioned in the fentence before j particular or certain. To SUCK, V. A. [fucan, S3X. fuSJus, "Lit, fuccer, Fr.] to draw Ijy ratifying the air ; to draw in by the mouth ; to draw milk from the bread by the mouth. SUCK, S. the aft of fucking ; milk given by females from the brealt. SU'CKER, S. any thing that drav*s by ratifying the air ; the embolus of a pump : a young twig ft.ooting from the flock, fo called from the fuppofition of its depriving the trunk of its moiflure. To SU'CKLE, V. A. to bring up a child by milk fucked from the brcaft. SU'CTION, S. [fuccion, Fr.] the aft of fucking. SU'DATORY, S. [fuda/us, Lat.] a hot- houfe orfweating bath. SU'DDEN, Adj. [facn, Sax. foudain,Tr.] happening without any expeftation or notice given beforehand. On or o/'a/!/^ri'<,-/r, is fopner than was expefted, or without any notice be- forehand. SUDDE'NLY, Adv. hnftily ; quickly. SUDDE'NNPISS, S. quicknefs ; h.-.llinefs. SUDORl'FIC, Adj. [fudorijique, Fr.j pro- voking or caulmg fweat. SUDOR I'FICS, S. [fudonfica, Lat.] me- dicines that caufe fweating. See Diafborttlcs and Hydrotks- SUDS, S, [it has no lingular ; frrtm feo- tlans. Sax.] water in which foap is diflblved. To he in the juds, is to be involved in fomc ditliculty. To SUE, V. A. [ful-urer, Fr.j to profe- cute by law ; to beg or entreat with huniilityi ?n,l ejrneftnefs. S U F SU'ET, S. [old Fr.] hard fat, particularlf chr!» about the kidnies. To SU FFER, V. A. [ fuffeio, tat.fouf- frirc, Fr.] to bear or undergo with a fenfe of piin ; to endure without refinance or finking under ; to allow or permit without --efufalof relidance ; to pafs throu^^h, or bealTefted by. Neuterly, to undergo pain, punifhment, in- jury, or inconvenience. SU'FFERABLE, Adj. fuch as may be endured, or permitted. SU'FFERANCE. S. [fi,<f ranee, Fr.] pa- tience or moderation ; pcrmiflion or allow- ance without refifiance. SU'FFERING, S. pain endured. To SUFFl'CE, V. N. [fufficio, Lat.] to be enough, or equal to the end or purpofe. Ac- tively, to afford fupply enough j to fatisfy. SUFfrcIENCY, S. O^aVr^Lat.J the f}ate of being equal or adequate to the end propofed ; a qualification ; fupply equal to want, or competence. SUFFICIENT, Adj. enough; able; ca- pa!)le. SU'FFICIENTLY, Adv. fully j fatis- faftorily. To SUFFLA'TE, V. A. [fufflatum, Lat.] to puff or blow up. SUFFLA'TION, S. the aft of blowing up with wind; fwclling. To SU'FFOCATE, V. A. \J,ffocatus, i.at.fi'ffojiuer, Fr.j to choak for want~of vent or air. SUFFOCATION, S. a f>oppage of the breath ; fmothering j choaking for want of o'w. SUFFOLK, or SOUTHFOLK, as the Saxons wrote it, denoting the fouthern peo- ple, in contradiftinftion from Northfolk, or the people :n the county N. of it, now called Norfolk, is a maritime Ibire, having the German ocean on the Z. bounded by Cam- bridgefhire on the W the river Sto^r on the S. which divides it from EfR-x; and the rivers Oufe the Lcfs, and \Vaveney,on the N. fe- parating it from Norfolk. It is about fixty- jtwo miles long, and twenty-eight broad, though by others computed much lefs. It contains about 40 parks, :2 hundreds, 32 market-towns, 575 parifhes, and ac6.ooo in- habitants. It is generally dilungiiiffied into two parts, namely the franchife or liberty of I St. Edmun.d, and the Geldable ; the former 1 containing the \V. part of the county, and '.he latter the eaflern ; each of which furnilbes A diftinft grand jury at the adizes. The air of Suffolk is very clear and healthy, even neat the fea-coaft, the beach being generally fandy and fhelly. Its foil is of divers qualities : tliat near the (hore is I'andy, and full of heaths ; yet abounding in rye, peafe, and hemp, alio numerous flocks of flieep. Pligh SufTolk, or the woodlands, which is the iii- lard part of the county, though abounding in wood, has a rich deep clay and m>rl, yitlJing S U I SUM yielding gooi3-paflure-groi!n4s, on which feed i SU'ITER, or SU'lTOR, S, one that abundance ot cattle. That p<irt on the con- makes a petition, or courts another. fines of Kllcx and Cnmbr%e does alfo aliird SU'L'OATED, Adj. furrowed. excellent padure ; and about liury St. Ea- SU'LLEN, Adj. [the etymology uncer- inund's, and lb on to the N. and N. W. it is j tain] gloomily angry ; difcontented or foui } trulttul in corn, except towards Newmarket, 1 heavy or dull. which is moftly heath, or a green Avard. The ( SIVLLENLY, Adv. difcontentedly ; mo- iiieding of cattle and Ihecp on turnips is faid jrofely. tohave been an improvement firib let on foot SU'LLF.NNESS, S. gloominefs ; morofe- in this county. Its principal produce is but- 1 nefs ^ liubhornnels. ter and chcefe, the latter of which is fre- | To SU'LLY, V. A. [/o/cV/fr, Fr.] to foil ^aently in thif county very much the worieior fpoii the colour with any thing dirty. f it the fikc of enriching' the former. lt| SU'LPHUR, S. ( Lat.J brimltone. icnds fixteen members to parliament, I'ix. two for the county, and two each furlpfwich, Bunwich, Orford, Aldborough, Sudbury, Eye, and St. Edmundfbury. SU'FFRAGAN, S. [Juffragant, Fr.] a SULPHUREOUS, or SU'LPHUROUS, Adj. ! fu/phureus, Lat.] containing biimfUne. SUi.TAN, S. [Arab.] the Turkilli cin- peror. SULTA'NA, or SU'LTANESS, S. the bilhop cor.fidcred as fubjcc't to an archbidiop. I queen of an eancrn empeior, SU'FFRAGE, S. [¥r. J),jT.a^s:i^m, Lat.J I SU'LTANIS, S. a Turkifti gold chin a vote, or voice given to determine a Cftutro- worth about eight (liillings Englilh. verfy. To SUFFU'MIGATF, V. A. [Juffumiga- tum, Lat, j to fmoke underneath. SUFFUAIIGA'TION, S. a fmoaking or fuming uriderneaih. In Phyfic, the convey- i)ig into the body the fmoke of a dccoclion of roots, herbs, flowers, &c. for nifeafes of the bowels, fundament, or womb. To SUFFU'SE, V. A. [fuffvfus, Lat.J to fpread over with fome fluid oi cxpanfive body. SU'LTRIKESS, S. excclTlve heat. SU'LTRY, Adj. hot and clofe without any cuncnt of wind. Si.iVI, S. [ f:;n:mj, Lat. fo»:tre, Fr.] the whole of any thing; a quantity of money; an abridgment or abllraift of the whole ; the amount or rcfult of any reafouing or calcula- tion ; the height. To 'i'UM, V. A, [Jommer, Fr ] to com- pute or coUcift p:n-;iculars into a total, tiled with up\ to comprize or colledt in a narrow In Falconry, to have feathers full fuch a"; a v:.pour or tincture. SUFFU'SION, S. the aft of pouring jcompafs, or fpreading upon ; a f'preading of humovirs grown. in the body; a difeafe in the eye called a SU'MLESS, Adj. not to be computed. ' web. .^.U'MMARILY, Adv. briefly ; concifcjy SU'GAR, S. [ /two;/-, Br. facrann, Arab. can^af, Gr. j'iiccarum, Lat.J the luitive fjlt of me fugar cane made by exprefTion and evapoiatioi! ; any thing proverbially fwect ; a chemical diy ciirylialliaation. To SU'GAR, V. A. to fwecten with fugar. To SUGG'EST, V. A. [fejrf^'/.vw, Lat.J to hint or infinuare ; to tell privatrJy SU'MMARY, .'-.dj. [fommaiye, Fr.] Diort,; brief, concife, or compendious. SUMMARY, S. an abridgement which contains the fubftance of the whole in a fmall compafs. SU'iVlMER, S. [fumer. Sax. fumar, Ifl./e- mcf , ^(Ag. fimmer , Teut. and Dan.] the fea- fon when the fun arrives at the extremity of the tropic of Cancer, and its heat is moft pre- SUGGE'SriON, S. [Fr.] a fccret hint j dominant ; one of the four feafons of the or information. I year; the principal beam of a floor j from To SU'GGILATE, V. A. ifuggU:o,\trais fummay]a, Lat. J,at.] to beat black and blue. SU'ICIDE, S. [jLUidium, Lat] the crimel ofdeflroying one's fclfj one who deftroysl bimfelf. SUIT, S. [Fr.] a fct or number of things corrciponding to each other ; cloaths confilt- ingofcoat. Waiilcoat and breccb.es ; a regular order or ftries. OutofJ:i:ts, is, having no cor- refpondcncc, A retinue, or number of attend- ants ; from fuhe, F'r. A petition j acouit- {hi,p. In Law, the infrance of a caufe, or the c?.u(e itfclf deduced in judgment. To sun , V. A. to fit or adapt to fome- tliing elfe ; to drcfs or clothe. NeuterJy, to ag'te with, ufed v\ith to or luitb. SUrXABLE, Adj. agienr.gj miUcliing ; convenient. To SU'MMER, V. N. to pafs the fuitiraer. SU'MMIT, S. [Jumnitas, Lat.J the top or iitmoft height. ToSU'MMON, V. A. \fub or fum, and moneo, Lat.] to call, admonifh, or cite with authority to appear. Figuratively, to excite or loufe, r ed with up. SU'MMONER, S a perfon who cites or calls to appear before ? court, or at a particu- lar place. SU'MMONS, S. a call or citation from authority to appear. SU'.'AMUM BONUM, S, [Lat.] the chicfeft good ; that enjoyment which a per- fon mbft d^fires. SU'MPTER, S.lfr.;?:mkr, Tx . fcmaro, Ital.] a horfe that carries cloaths or furniture. SU'JVirTION, SUP SU'MPTION, S. thea£l of taking. SUP SUPERCl'LIOUS, _ Adj. [ fupercilmm. SU'MPTUARY, Adj. [/w»7/'f«^:rwj, Lat.] Lat.] haughty; defpotic; overbearing j con- relating to expence, cfpecially that of drefs. 1 temptuous. Sumptuary la-ius, arc laws made to rcfbain excefs in diet or apparel. SU'iMPTUOUS, Adj. [fumfituofus, from fumptus, Lat.]co(Hy; expcnfive ; I'plcndid. SU'MPTUOUSLY, Adv.colHyj fplen- didiy j magnificently. SU'VlPiUOUSNESS, S. fplendidncfs ; coftlinefs ; magnificence. SUN, S. [ju!-.r.:, Goth, funna, fume. Sax. forty 2>e\'',. fonr.e, Tcut.Jthe luminary in the center ofour fyftem, and the fountain of light and heat \ any thing eminently glorious jnd iplendid. Under the fun, is in this world. SU'N-BURNT, Adj. tanned by the fun. SU'NCLAD, Part. Adj. bright; fhining. SU'NDAY, S. [finnan tiaghjlntag, Teut. fondagh, Belg. fuaagh, Dan. foneiidei. ov fon- i:endeiyO\A ^r.funnudahr. Run,] the firft day of the week, dedicated by the heathens to the fun, and by the ChrilHans ufcd as their Ic'.bbath, becaufe our blefled Saviour arofe on that day. To SU'NDER, V. A. [fyndrian, Sax.] to part, feparate, or divide. In funder, is, in two. SU'NDRY, Adj. [fundcrs, Sax.] feveral ; various ; mo;c than one. SUNG, the preter and part. pafT ofSiKg. SUNK, preter and part. pafl'. o{Si/:k, SU'NRISE, S. the morning. SU'NSKT, S. the evening. To SUP, V. A. [fuper, Norm. Tr.fupan, SUPERE'MINENCE, S. [ fuperemhentia, Lat.] the quality of exeeding in excellence, authority, oi prerogative. SUPF.RE'MJNENT, Adj. [f'percmine;,:, Lat.] gre:>tly excelling. To SUPER'EROGATE, V. N. [fi^per- and erogntio, Lut.] to do more than a pcrfon is by duty obliged to. SUPEREROGA'TION, S. the perform- ance of more than one is obliged to do by duty. SUPERFETA'TION, S, [fuper/atatio, Lat.] a fecond conception in the womb be- fore the firlt is brought forth, as coneys do, SU'PERFI'CE, S. [fnperfcies, Lat.j the outfide or furface. SUFERtrciAL, Adj. \ fttperjicifl, Fr.] lying on, or not reaching below the furface; flialiow, or contrived to cover femething elfe; fmattering, or not deeply learned. SUPERfl'CIALLY, Adv. flightlyj im- perfcftly. SUPEllFICIALNESS, S, imperfeanefs j (lightnefs. SUPERFI'CIES, S. [Lat.] the outGde or fuiface. SU'PCRFINE, Adj. eminently or extraor- dinary fine. SUPERFLUITY, S. [fupcrfluUe', Fr.] more than enough ; plenty beyond necelllty j excefs. SU'PERFLUOUS, Adj. [fuperfuu,, Lat.] Sax.] to lip; to drink by mouthfuls ; to. over much; more than enough ; necdlefs ; drink by a little at a time. Neuterly, to eat 'unnecenary. the laft meal iu the night ; from fouper. Fr.j SU'P' RFLUOUSLY, Adr.unneceflarily ; SUP, S. { fipe, Ifl. and Scot.] a fmall needlefsly ; in an extravagant manner. draught or mouthful of liquor. To SUPERINDU'CE, V. A. [ fuper and SU'PER, in Comj5ofition, is derived from ;«^/;^ir3, Lat.] to bring in as an addition to the Latin, and fignifies more than another ; i fomething elfe ; to brmg in as not originally jnorethan enough ; and on or flowing over [belonging to that on wLich it is biought. the top. SU'PERABLE, Adj that which may be overcome or furpafled To SUPERA'BOUND, V. A. [ fupcrabun To SU'PERINTEND, V. A. to overfee, {fuperabllh, Lat.] 1 overlook, or take care of others that are in- ferior. SUPERTNTE'NDENCE, or SUPERIN- dare, Lat.] to be faperfiuous ; to be over , TE'NDENCY, S the a£t of taking care of much SUPERA'BUNDANCE, S. [ futiirabunA dantia, Lat.] excefs j fuperfluity ; great plenty. SUPERA'BUNDANT, Adj. more than enough ; exceffive. To SUPERA'DD, V. N. [fupcradJo, Lat.] to add over and above; to join to any thing fo as to make it more. To SUPERA'NNUATE,V.A. toimpair «r difqualify by age. SUPER A'NNUATED, Adj. worn out with age; grown out of date. SUPE'RB, Adj. [fuperbi, Fr. fuberbus, Lat.] grand ; lofty ; proud ; m^-gnificent. SUPERCA'RGO, S. an cfncer in a (hip who Iws the mr;n:ic:ementof its tntSc. the intcrefts and concerns of others. SUPERINTE'NDENT, S. [Fr. oifufer, iwd intei:deits, Lat. ] one who rules, governs, or manages ; a fort of bilhop or dignified clerg^'raan among the Lutherans. SUPE'RIOR, Adj. [fupericur, Fr. fuperior, Lat.] higher; above another in excellence, dignity, or any other quality. Upper, applied to fituation. Superiors, in Printing, fmall letters or figures placed over a word, to dire(fV, by a like letter or figure, to the citations i« the margin. SUPERIO'RITY, S. [from fupcrhrite, Fr.] the quality of being greater or higher than another in any refpett. SUPE'RLATIVE, Adj. [ fuperbtlf, Fr. fupc-.Tiwa, Lat.]implyiBgor expie.ling the higheft SUP SUP Tti f:no!i!h Grammar, the \ SUPKRVE'NTION, S, a fuddcn and un expcck-d intervention. To SUPER VI'SE, V. A. [//'/>(•'-, andW flight fi decree fupcilative degree of adjcdtives that couliltof j many fyl'-ables is made by prefixing rj:rjt be- j fore them ; but in thoie which conlill of fewer fyllables, it is fbnncJ by changin;; the ending, or adding f/.- to it, according to the Goths, who formed theirs in :ffi or ij'tj, as Imtijt, bati/ta, Goth, belt j the Ru.^ic is formed in the fame manner, as, liaJifca, Run. broadeft ; the Saxon terminates in nft, eft, or lift, as nghttvifaft, rigbtnulfeft, r'.^bt- nvifuft, S2X jiifteli: or moll jufl. This method of "forming the fupcrlntive, fecms copied from the Attics, who form theirs in iro;, as xaX- Xk-;«, Cr. the beft, SUPERLA'TIVELY, Adv. moft excel- lently ; niofl eminently. SUPERLA'TIVENESS, S. the quality of beinw molt eminent or excellent. SUPE'RNAL, Aclj (■_/;./ cVTOj.Lat.] placed above; rtldting to heavenly things. SUPERNA'TLRAL, AJj. [of Cv/cr, and ratuialis, Lat.j beyond or ibove tiiC powers of nature. SUPERNATURA'LITY, S. the quality of being above the comTe of nature. SUPERNU'MLRARY, Adj. \fu[>ernume- rcirs, Er.] above a fettled, ncceliuiy, ufual, or arcnnd number. To SUPKRSCRl'BE, V. A. { f:}cr, and f^iiio, Lat.J to write upon tiie top or outlidc. " SUPERSCRI'PTION, S. [ Juter, and ftriptl'i, Lat.] the att of wiitipg'on tJ)e top or outfide ; any thing written on the top or cutfide. To SUPERSE'DE, V. A. f >/•'-, and Jedlfo, Lat.l to make void or fct afide by fupc- rior force or authority. SUPERS E'DEAS, S. in Law, a writ to rtay the doing of that which otherwife might be done. SUPERSTI'TION, S. [Fr. fu^erfthk, Lat.] the obfervance of unneceflary rites and pradlices in religion from an ill-grounded fear of of?ending the Deiry ; falfe religion, or re- verence of obje^ls thst are not fit for worlhip ; too great nicety cr fcrupuloufnefs. SUPERSTITIOUS, -Adj. \ fupcrf/!tk:.'x, Fr. fift-rjtithfus, Lat.] pLcing religion in things that are indifTereiitjfrom an ill-ground- ed icar of offending the Deity ; fcrupulous, or exacl to a fault. SUPERSTI'TIOUSLY, Adv. bigotedly; fcrupi'Jouily. To SUPERSTRU'CT, V. A. {f„pe,ftruc- tus, Lat.] to build upon any thing. SUPERSTRL'CI UR,E, S. that which is raiferi or built upon fomething elfe. SUPERVACA'NEOirs, Adj. fuperflu- ous ; unnectlTary. To SUPERVE'NE, V. A. \ fuperver.k, Lat.J to come in as a foreign addition, ufed with to- _ .SUPERVE'NIENT, Adj. added j addi- tional, fm, ],2t ] to overlook as an overfctr. SUPERVJ'SOR, S. an overfeer of the poor ; an infpeftor of the cuiloms ; a fur- veyor of the highways-; one that has the care of others under him. To SUPERVI'VE, V, N. [ fu-cr, and iii-vo, Lat.j to live longer. SUPPNE, Adj. [fap.nus, Lat.] to lie with the face upwards. Figuratively, nCj^li^cot j careltfs^ inattentive. SUPi'2>JE, S. [fuflfi, Fr. fuphun:, Lat.] a part of a conjugation of a verb, of the like fenfe or effect with the infinitive mood, without cither number or perfon : in Latin they e'id in um and u, that ut ifv fignifics ac- tion, and that in u implies paiiion; as air:a- rum, Lat. to love; tfrv.'.'/, Lat. to be loved. SUPr.VENES.% S. negligence; carelefF- nefs ; inattention ; flotli. To SUPE'DITA J E, V. A. to find, f.ippiv, or fuinifh. SU'PPER, S. [f'iprr, Fr.] the Lfl meal To SUPPLA'NT, V. A. [fupplar.ur, Fr.] to trip up the heels ; to difplace or turn out by (Iritagcm ; to overpower, force away, or difplace. SUPPLF, Adj. [f'.up-c, Fr.] cafy to be bent ; bending without breaking. Yielding, oppofcd tool)(linatc. Flattering or fawning. To SU'PPLE, V. A. to make pliant, or foft. Neiiterly, to grow foft or pliant. SU^PPLEMEKT, S. fFr. fupplcKentum, Lat.J an addition mude to any thing to fup- ply its defefts or omilTions. SUPPLENESS, S. pliantnefs; cafily yielding ; fl.:ttery. SU'PPLETORY, Adj. that which fen-es to fiipply fomc imp£rfe(ftions cr deficiency. SUrpl.IANr, Adj. [Fr.] entreating, or requeuing in an humble manner. SU'PPLICANT, S. [irom Jupplkate] one that cntreHts with great fubmirfion. ToSUPPLICATE, V. N. [ fuppUcatu!, Lat.] to petition, or entreat in a ver^ humble and fubniflive manner. SUPPLICA'TION, S. [Fr.] a petition delivered in an humble manner; that part of divine vvorfliip wherein we humbly alk for fomething. SUPFLl'ZR, S. one that provides or fur- nilhes. To SUP'PLY, V. A. [Juppko, Lat. /«/.- plhr, Fr.j to fill upany deneiencej to give or afford fomething wanted ; to relieve any want; to fill any vacancy, or ferve inftead of; to give or furnifh. SU'PPLY, S. frlural f'pplkq relief of want ; cure of deficiencies ; aid. Id gn^'t the fupp/Ls) is to provide the neceflary money for the fupport of government. la \Var, fuv nilhin J an army with recruits. To SUP S U R SUPRE'MACY, S. ffioni >/;-.-,%■] the Hate ot havMi;^ no liiperior. SUPFRfc'Mb, Adj. [fiipr:!:::is, r.at. J Iiinh. eft in dignity, authority or excellence. It (houlJ ht ohfcrved, that f.iprcme is applied only to ir.tclkc^ual or political dignity, and fuperior to that of place. SUPRF.'MKLY, Adv. moft excellently j To SUPPO'R-r, V. A. [fu^pcr/cr, Tf.fup- f}rtarc, Ital.] to fullain, bear, or prop up ; to endure any thin^ painful without being overcome ; to prevent from fainting. SUPi^O'RT, .S. the aft or power of fuftaining or keeping from falling ; a prop ; the nccellaries of life ; maintenance; a lup- ply. SUPPO'RTABLE, Adj. that which may moil eminently be endured or Aiffered. | SUPRE'MliY, S. [fuprmi/as, Lat.] the SUPPO'RTABLY, Adv. in a manner j ftite of man after death, that may be borne. I SUR, in CoiT:polition, is borrowed from SUPPORTER, S. one that maintains or 1 the French, and li^nifies upon, or over and adids another. In Architeilurc, a po(! | above. or pillar that lupports part of a building.) Sl"RA, S. In Anr.tomy, the Icflcr bone In Heraldry, a bead or bird dra\\n (landing i of the calf of the leg. on e;ch lidc of the elcutcheon, and feem to SU'RAMCf", S. warrant; fccuri;y. lupportit. To SU'RDATE, V. N. \ folLtfir, Ft.] SUPPO'.SAIiLE, Adj. capable of being to bruile the feet with travelling. To fa- laid down witiiout proof, or advanced by way tiiiue. ot argument. SUri'O'SAL, S. [from fuppofe] an ima- gination or poiiiion without proof. To SUPPOSE, V. A. [Juppojh; Fr. /»/.- ponoi Lat ] to lay down without proof ; to advance by way of argument or illuftration witlwut pioving ; to admit without proof; to imagine or believe- without examination ; to requite or imply as previous to itfelf. SUPPOSITION, S. [Fr.) an hypothe- fis, pofiticin, o;- illultration laid down, but not proved. SUPPOSITITIOUS, Adj. [fuppojithlus., Lat.] not genuine; artfully Aibltituted in the room of fomtthing genuine and authentic. SUPPOilTI'TIOUSLY, Adv. counter- fcitly ; fpurioufly. SUPPOsnORY, S. a folid medicine put up the fundament to loofen the belly. To SUPPRE'SS, V. A. [fupprcjus, Lat.] to crufh , overpower, overwhelm, or reduce from a llate of a^ivity or commotion to oni; of tranquility; to conceal or keep in ; to feize on, or hinder the publication of a book. SUPPRF:'SSI0N', S. putting a ftop to; concealment; a floppage or difficulty in mak- ing water. To SU'PPURATE, V. A. [fuppurer, Fr. ! to generate, or form pus or matter ; to digefl, SUPPURATION^, S. a ripening of an impolthume or boil j generating pus or matter. SUPPURATION, S. the too frequent ufe of Purging medicines. SUPPUTxlTION, S. [f«pf>uto, Lat.] a reckoning or calculation. To SU'PPUTE, V. A. to calculate ; to reckon. SU'PRA, in Compofition, borrowed from the Latin, lignifies above or before. • SUPRALa'PSARAM, S. [ jupra, and laffiiS, Lat.] one who holds that God palled his decree of eledion and reprobation before the fell of Adam. To SURCE'ASE, V.N. [fur, :inice/]ir, Fr.] to beat an end, or no longer in being, ufe, or in moti"!i. SURCHa'RGE, S [Fr.] too heavy a but then ; charge upon charge. JoSURCHA'RGK, V. a. [furcharirer, Fr.J to load with more than a perfon or thing can hear ; to ovci charge. SU RCINGLE, S. [fur, and ci„^:jlum^ Lat. J a girth with which a burthen is bound on a horfe ; the girdle or band of a ca flock. SURGLE, S. [furcu!:,:, Lat.] a flioo.t or (liort twig. SURCO'AT, S, a coat to he worn over the other cloaths ; a greatcoat j an outward garment. SURCULATION, S. the a<fl of pruning or lopping trees. SURCU'LOUS, Adj. [furcu.'ofus, Cat.] full of Ihoots or fprigs. SURD, Adj. {jurdus. Lit.] deaf; void of underftanding. A furd rojf, in Mathe- matics, is a fqiiare, cubic, or any other root, which cannot be perfciftiy e-^^traiftcd out of a rational numb;r. Surds, in Geo- metry, arc lines which have not any common rneafure with the rational line given. SU'RDITY, S. [furdit,', Tr.furditas, Lat.J deafnefs ; dulnefs ; ftupidity. SURE, Adj. [ feure, Fr.] certain, or not fubjeift either to fail or deceive ; confident beyond doubt ; iufe from doubt oc danger ; firm without decay or failure. Te he jure, is ufcd adverbially for certdiniy. SURE'LY, Adv. certainly ; without doubt. SURE'NESS, S. certainty; without doubt; firmnefs ; falthfulnefs. SURETISHIP, S. [■ from Surety] the flate or ofSce of one that is bound for an- other. SU'RETY, S. [ furct/, Fr.] certainly or freedom from failure, doubt, or mittake ; fupport; eTiu.-:nCw' ; conriinLiiioB j fecmity ag-dnii S U R again ft lofs or danger ; on that gives fecuiity, | or is bound for another, SU'RFACE, S. [fur and face, Fr.] the outfide, or fuperficies. To SU'RFEIT, V. A. [ffom fur, Fr. and /aire, Fr.] to feed with excefs of meat or drink, fo as to occarron ficknefs. Neutcrly, to be fed to licknefs. SU'RFEIT, S. ficknefs arifing from feed ingor drinking to excefs. SURGE, S. [fiom furgo, Lat.] a fwell jng wave ; a wave roiling above the general furface of the water. To SURGE, V. N. [futgo, Lat.] to fwell or roll in waves. SU'RGEON, S. See C)&7Wo-f£>«, of which it is a corruption. SURGE'RY, S. [ ckinirgle, Fr. chirargla. Lat] an art that teaches the cure of difeafes by manual operations; a room fet apart for keeping the inftruments of, and performing operations by a furgeon. SU'RLY, Adj. [i'romfur. Sax. J four, mo- rofe, or filently angry. SU'RLILY, Adv. morofeJy ; crabbedly ; angrily. SU'RLINESS, S. fomnefs of difpofition ; infolence ; morofcnefs. To SURMI'SE.V. A. [fum!}fer,Tr.] to fufpefl, or imagine without certain know- ledge, or fufficient grounds. SURMI'SE, S. [Fr.] an imperfea no- tion, or fufpicion not fupported by know- ledge. To SU'R MOUNT, V. A. [fratronter, Fr.] to rife above ; to conquer any enemy or difficulty ; to fuVpafs or exceed. SU'RNAIVIE, S. [/vrmrr, Fr.] the name whichaperfon takesfrom his family. To SURPA'SS,V. A. [ furp'jjjh-, Fr.] to excel, exceed, or go beyond another in ex- cellence. SURPA'SSING, Part, excellent in a high ^gree. SU'RPLICE, S, [Jurpdis, JurplhyTr.fu- ferpellkium, Lat.] the white garment which the clergy wear when they read prayers, or adminifter the facrament. SU'RPLUS, or SU'RPLUSAGE, S. [fur ZTii plus, Fr.] what is more or remains afKr Bfe and neceftity is fatisfied. SURPRI'SAL, cr SURPRI'SE, S. [fi,- trife, Fr.] the aft of taking, or the ftate of being taken unawares 5 a fudJen confiifion or perplexity. To SURPRI'SE, V. A. [furfrh, of >;•• prendre, Fr.] to take or fall upon unawares. or unexpectedly ; to aftonifli Ly fomething wonderful ; to lead into an error. SU'RPRISING, Part. Adj. wonderful ; ftrange. To SURRE'NDER, V. A. [furrerjre, Fr.] to yield or deliver up to another, or to an enemy ; to lay down an ofike. Neuterly, to yield or give up one's felf. S U R SURRE'NDER, or SURRE'NDRY, S. the &{\ of yielding or religning to ano- ther. SURRE'PTION, S. the aft of taking un- awares ; a fiirprife. SURREPTI'TIOUS, Adj. [ furreptitias, Lat. J done, acquired, or produced, by Itealih or fraud. SURREPTI'TIOUSLY, Adv. fraudu- lently ; falfely. SU'RREY, S. one of the counties of England. It is contiguous on the W. to Beiklhire and Hamplhirc ; on the S, to SuiTcx ; on the E. it joins Kent ; and the river Thames parts it from Middlefcxon the N. It is about thirty-four miles long and twenty-one in breadth, containing thirteen hundreds, 140 pariihes, ten of which are in Southwark and the parts adjacent ; alfo ele- ven market-towns, thirty-five vicarages, 450 villages and hamlets, with 171,000 inha- bitants. This is a healthy county, having in it feveral royal palaces, with numberlefs (eats of nobility, gentry and merchants, morecfpe- cially in the parts W, of London, and along the Thames that way ; yet the air, as well as the foil of the middle and extreme parts, dif- fers greatly ; for the elimate of the latter is mild, being very fruitful in corn and hiy, with a fine intermixturcof woods, fields, and meadows, efpecially on the S. part about Holmfdale, and on the N. towards the Thames ; but the air is bleak in the heart of the connly, whicJi, \a delightful fpot here and there excepted, is open fandy ground, or barren heath ; for which reafon this county has not been improperly compared to coirfc cloth, with a fine lid or border. In fome places are long ridges of hills or downs ; with warrens for ranbits, (belter for hares, and parks for deer. Its principal rivers, bc- fjdes the noble Thames on its N. (kirts, arc the Mole, the Wey, and the Wandle, which abound in h& ; the laft of thefe excels parti- cularly in fine trout. The chief produce of this county, befides corn, are box-wood, I walnuts, and fullers-earth ; which laft ar- ticle, fo ferviccible in the cloathing trade, is ■ fold at a groat a buihel from the pits near I Ryegate. It gave formerly title to the earl, I who in the iV.it.nce of king Henry VIII. at I the fiege of Tournay, foHght the bloody 1 battle of Fioddenfield in Nonhumberland, I agaiaft the Scots under James IV. in which liiat king fell, fighting valiantly at the head of hi5 nobles, and thereupon his men v.cre routed, and at prefent to the duke of Norfolk; and fends to parliament, bcfides two knights of the (hire, two members for each of the boroughs of Southwark, Blech- ingly, Ryegate, Guildford, Gatton, and Ha(iemere. ' To SURROGATE, V. A. [furrogatns, Lat.j to put into the place of another ; to depute. sy'R- s u s 5:u'RR0GATE, S. a deputy, or one that, oil-cafts for another. t 'io SURROU'NO, V. A. \ fun-ondcr, Fr.jj to enclrle or encompjfs on all (ides. SURTOUXS. [fi-.] a large coat worn over another. ToSUR'VEY, V. A. [Junw, oU Fr.] to overlook or view as from a higher place ; to ovtrfeej to look inco theOrenj^th of buildings; to meafiire l.md. SURVK'YING, S. the art of meafuring the fiipcrfici^l cotitents of lands, grounds, fields, &c. hy ihc help of proper inftru- ments. SURVE'YOR, S. one who meafures hnd, buildings, or work done by a builder, &c. in j order to afcertain the value i one that over- fees or fupcrin tends any large undertaking; an officer of the excife. I SURVI'VANCE, S. an outliving another. ! ToSURVl'VK, V. N. [yi//r^•-wY^ Lut.j to live longer than another ; to oiithv^. SURVl'VER. or SURVl'VOR, 3. one that outlives, or lives longer than, another, i SURVrVORSHIP, S. the flate, condi- j tlon, or circumflauces of a furvivor. SUSCE'PTIBLR, Adj. [Fr.j capable of j admitfng or receiving any imprelTion. I SUSCfc'PTIBLKNESS, or SUSCEP'TI- BILITY, S. the quality of being capable j to admit or receive any imprefllon or form. SUSCE PTION', S. aa of taking. SUSCl'PIENCY, S. reception j admif- fion. To SUSCITA'TE, V. A. [fujdter, Fr. Jiijcitatutn, Lat.J to quicken ; to excite j to bear up. SUSCITA'TION, S. the act of quick- ening or exciting. To SUSPECT, V. A. [fafpeaum, Lat.] to imagine fomething unknown with a degree of fear and jealoufy ; to imagine or think guilt or bad without proof ; to hold as uncertain. Neuterly, to imagine a perfon guilty of fome crime without proof. SUSPE'CTFUL, Adj. ready to miftruft j full of jealoufy or fufpicion. To SUSPE'ND, V. A. [fufpendo, Lat. fujpcndre, Fr.] to hang ; to make to hang by any thing ; to make dfpendent upon j to in- terrupt or ftop ; to delay ; to debar from the execution of an office for a certain time. SUSPE'NDED, Adj. hung by any thing ; debarred fromexercifing an office, or receiv- ing the falary for a certain time, or durin^ plea!"ure. SUSPE'NSE, S. [jufpem, Fr.] uncer- tainty i the aft of with-Holding thedetermi' nation of the judgment; deprivation for a time ; a ftop in the midfb of two oppoHtes. SUSPENSION, S. [Fr.j the aft of making to hang or depend on any thing ; the aft of laying; the aft: of with-holding the determination of the judgment j the f late of s u s a perfon who is der.rivcd of the exercifc of aa oSc? tor a t'me, SU^Fl'ClOiM, S. [Fr. fufpiao, Lat.J the aft of imagining ill without proof : jcaloury - diftrurt. SUSF'l'CrOUS, M]. [fuffkhfu,, Lat.] inclined to imagir'fe ill with.out prcof, ufed iji a bid fcnfc. Liable, orgi'.ing rtafon to ima- gine ill. SUSPICI'OUSLY, Adv. diftrun.<ul!v ; jca- loudy. SUSPICrOUSNESS, S, jealoufy; Uif- truft. SL'SPI'RAL, S. { fc-upircU, Fr.] a con- veyance of water under ground ; a veuf, or breathing hole ; an air-hole. SUSPIR.VTION, S. figh; aft of fetch- ing the breath deep. ToSU'SPIRE, V. N. [jWpiro, Lat.] to figh , or fetch tine breath deep, SU'SSIiX, S. a county of England, during the heptarchy called the tomtry of the South Saxons. It is bounded on the W. by Hanip- fnire ; on the S. by the Brifilb channel ; on the N. by Surrey ; and on the P.. by Kent. Its extent along the channel is fixty-five miles, and twenty-nine in breadth. It is Ji-- vidrd into fix rapes, with a cafllc, river, and forelt to each ; and it is further fubdivided into fixty-five hundreds, in which are reck- oned 312 parilhes, 123 vicaragesy one city, eighteen market-towns, 1060 villages, ham- lets, and chapelries, with about 139,000 in- habitants. Its principal rivers are the Arun, the Adur, the Oufe, and the Ro:her ; but none of thefc w!!l admit a vedei of 500 tons, by reafin oi the find and beach thrown up by the fea into their mouth?. Befides thefe, there are likewife the Lavant, the Cuckmeer, the Aflsburn, and Aden, which have all, as well as the former' rivers, their fource and exit in this county. The air along the coaft: is agueilh ; but is Avcet and healthy on the downs. The foil differs ; for the hilly oarts are Icfs fruitful, and thfe valleys deep and dirty, but fertile withal ; efpecially the Weald, which produces plenty of oats and hops. The air here, though fogg^', and not reckoned unwhoiefome by the natives, can- not, one would think, be faiJ to be propec to breathe in. The roads in tJiis part are the worft in England. On the coaft are very high green hills, called the South Dov.n^, and well known, efpecially to the dealers in wool or (beep ; there being great numbers of the latter bred here, whole wool, wliich i» very fine, has been loo often clandeftineiy ex- ported to France, &C. and rmutjgling or run- ning of brandies, teas, &:c. in leturn, ufed alfo to be much carried on in thefe parts ; but thejuft fcverity of our laivs has quite ciiiflied that pernicious commerce within thefe few years. Maay parts of the downs, being a far and chalky foil, are vcrv ftuitful both in corn and grafs. The middle part of the county '$ dtlightfuily SWA S W E delightfuIlyintcrmixeJ with meadows paflurc I To SWALE, or SVv'EAL, V. A. [fwe' grounds, groves, and corn fields. Tlie north euarter is covered mofliy with woods, from which the royal docks are fiipplied with tim- ber, and the iron works with fuel, there be- ing plenty of oreon the E. fide towards Kent; and the beft gunpowder in the world is made in this county, efpecially at Battle. SufTcx is particularly famous for that delicious bird the wheat-ear, which is {o highly prized, and is fatteft when the wheat is ripe. This county has given title of earl to feveral fami- lies ; but now to that of Yelverton, Talbot Lord Vifcount Longueville having been fo created byking George I. It fends to par- liament two knights of the (hire, and the iame number of members for each of the fol- lowing boroughs of Horfham, Midhurfl, Lewes, Shoreham, Brambcr, Steyning, Eaft Grinfted, and Arundel. ToSUSTAI'N, V. A. [ feufenir, Yx.fufti- reo, Lat.] to bear, prop, or hold up ; to fup- port or keep from finking under evil ; to help, relieve, or adift ; to maintain or keep ; to bear without yielding ; to fufTcr. SUSTE'NANCE, S. noundiment ; food j any thing that fupports natuie. SUSTENFA'TION, S. fupport from /ailing. Maintenance. To SU'SURRATE, V. A. to whifper or ff eak low, SUSURRA'TION, S. the aft of whifper- ing or fpeaking low, SUTE. S. [fuit, Fr.] fort. " Thty are "notone/ar^. Mocker. SUT'LER, S. [ foetekr, T?elg. fudh,; Teut.j a perfon who fells li<juors and provi- fions in a camp. SU'TURE, S. [ftitura, Lat.] a particular manner of fewing wounds in nnatomy; a par- ticular articulation of bones, wherein they lock into each other, like the teeth of two faws, as in the head. SWAB, S. [fwaib, Swed.J a kind of mop ufed in w alliing floors. To SVVA13, V. A. [ftuebban. Sax. See the noun] to cka;i floors with a mop. SWA'BBER, S. a perfon who cleans or W'afhes the deck of a fliip. ToSW'ADDLE, V. A. [fr-cdar. Sax.] to fwathe, or bind in cloaths, generally ufed for the drefs of new born infants. Figura- tively, to beat or cudgel. To SWAG, V. N. [Jiivgnr., Sax. fiveigea , Id.] to fink down by its weight To SWAGE, V /an, Sax. 1 to wade or blaze away. To SW'A'I.LOW, V. A. [j-zc:lzan, Srrx. five'gcn, Eelg.] to take dow^n the tluoaf ; to receive without examination; to .-.bforb or fuck up; to devour ; to be Iclt in anything. Tocngrofs, ufed with up. SYvi^'LLOVV, the throat J a bird of pafiage, well known. SWAM, preier of Sivim, SWAIVIP, S. a bog, or marfliy place, fo called in America. SWA'MPy, Adj. abounding with fwamps or Iiogs. SWAN, S. [Sax. fu^n, Dan. Jwacv, Belg.] a large water fowl, with a long neck, and re- markably white. SWA'NSKIN, S. a kind of foft flannel, fo named fiom imitating the down of fwans both in appearance and in warmth. SWAP, Adv. [di/«i/-^,Ifl.] haftily; at once. To SWAP, V. A. See Sivop. SWARD, S. fSwed.] the (kin of bacon. The furface of the ground. SWARE, preter of S-uicar. SWARM, S. [ fwearm. Sax. fiveim, Belg.] a great body or number of bees, or other animals. To SWARM, V. N. [ Jivearman, Sax. fwermen, Belg.] to rife in a body, and quit the hive, applied to bees. To appear in mul- titudes; to be over-crowded, or over run. SV/ART, SWaRTH, or SWA'RTHY, Adj. f fzvarts, Goth, fzvrart, Sax. Jivait, Belg. Juartar, Ifl.] blackilh ; darkly brown or tawncv ; gloomy or malignant. SWa'RTHINESS, S. blackifhnefs ; taw- ninefs ; gioominefs SWA'RTHY, Adj. dark of complexion j black ; tawney. To SWASH, V. N. to make a great clatter or noife. SWATH, S. [ fivade, Belg. J a line of grafs cut down by the mower ; a continued quantity ; a band or fillet ; from Jkvedai:, Sclav. To SWATHE, V, A. [fivedan, Sax.] to bind, as a child is, with bands or rollers. To SWAY, V. A. [fcbivda:, Teat.] to move in tjie hand ; to wield or manage by the hand with cafe ; to biafs or force more to one fide than the other ; to govern or rule. Ncutcrly, to hang heavy; to be drawn by weight; to have weight or influence. S vVAY, S. the fwing er fweep of a wea- A. [from ajpiuage] to • pon ; any thing moving with bulk and pow- power, rule, or dominion; influence, or cafe or lefien pain To SWA'GGER, V. N. \_f'wadderenAQ\tt€i\on. 'Ki.\g. fivegar, Sax.] to blulter orbenoifilyl To SWEAR, V. N proud and infolent. ' " ' SWA'GGERER , ."^. a bluftercrj a noify proud, and infolent perfon. SWAIN, S. [fiudn. Sax. and Run.] i young man; a country perfon or fiiephcrd. f preter fioore, or Ifware, part. pafl. Jtuorn ; fiuaran, Goth.] to call feme fuperior power to witnefs the truth of what a perfon fays ; to declare, promife, or give in evidence on oath ; to make ufe of the name of God profanely. Aflively, S W E A'fu'vcly, to put to an oath j to declare on oath. SWE'ARER, S. one who profanes the name of God; one wlio wantonly, and in common difcourfe, makes ufe of oaths. SWEAT, S. [pronounced /wf/ ; fnueat. Sax.] a fcnfible moidure illuing out of the pores of animals ; Lbour j evaporation of nioifture. To SWEAT, V. n. [preter fwct, or ftveatetJ, part, pjfl! fivratcn] to have the (kin covered with moifturc liv heat, labour, or me- dicines. Figuratively, to toil or labour hard; to emit iKoftme, Aftively, to emit like I'vveat. SWEA'TY, Adj. liable to Aveat ; wet with fvvear, SWE'A TINESS, S. the quality of abound- ing with fwcat. SWEDEN, S. in Latin Succ'u, one of the northern kingdoms of Europe, comprehend- ing the greateft part of Scandinavia. It is bounded on the S. by the Paltic fea, the Sound, and the Categjte, or Skagerack ; on the W. by the \mpj(!jble mountains of Nor- way ; on the N. by Norwegian, or Duiiifh Lapland ; and on the E. by Mufcovy. It lies bttwcen lar. 56 and 69 deg. N. and iie- twpen long. 10 and 30 deg. E. being upwards of 800 miles long from N. to S. and 50 broad ,fi'om E. to W. including the Buthnic and Finnic gulps : there arc alfo fcveral large lakes in this country, fbme above eighty Englilli miles in length, and twcntyin breadth. It aboun.iS with rock?, mountains forerts, woods, heaths, and marfhes ; fo that the ha- bitable part has a very fmall proportion, com- paratively fpeaking, to the extent of the whole; but the forefls and woods producej pine, fir, beech, birch, alder, juniper-tree,, and fome oak. It is in general a wretched eold couDtry, with few navigable rivers in it, but abundance of cataradts in them. The foil, in thcfe places which arc capable of cul- tivation, is tolerably fruitful, though feldom \ abovehalf a foot deep, and frequently for thatj reafon plowed with cfe by a maid and an ox : 1 t!ie belt parts are the little fpaces between the! rocks. In Sweden there is a mine of filver,) and another of copper, befides innumerable! mines of iron, and forges, from which, with naval Itorcs and wooden ware, arife the chief j commodities of the country : in return tor which, they receive from abroad fait, wines, brandy, cloths, rtuHs, tobacco, fugar, fpice-, linen, and icvcral other forts of goods, v.liich commonly b.dance their exports, and fome- times exceed the»i. 1 he managesnent of the trade in Sweden has always betn ehieHy in the hands of (Irangcrs, many of the natives vvanting either capacity, induftry, or applica- tion, and all of them Itock, to carry it on. As the winter in Sweden commonly te^ins very ieon, thsrc being about nine S \V E months of it ; fo the fummer immediately fuccceds it ; tlie heat of which is fo intcnlc, the fun almoft continually (Inning, tliat it often fets the woods, it is faid, on fire, which hardly flops till it comes to fome lake or very large plain. In this feafon the fields are co- vered with a variety of flowers, and the whola country ovcrfpread with (Irawbenies, cur- rants, &c. growing on every rock. Wall- fruits are as fcarce as oranges. They !la^■e cherries of fevcral forts, and fome tolerably good, w.hich cannot be faid of their apples, pears, or plums, neither being common or well taAed. All kinds of roots are in great plenty, and thcfc efpecially are a great Inp- port to the poorer inhabitants. The fun at the higheft is above the horizon of Stock- holm eighteen h.ours and a half, and for iome weeks makes continual day : in v.inter it is but five hours and a half; but the moon, whiteneisof the fnow, and clearneis of the night, fo well fupply the defe<ft, that travel- ling by nights is as ufu:i! as by day. They have (loves within doors, and warm furs abroad ; the me-mer fort ufing flieep-ikins, and the like; aneglccH:, or failure, in which occfions the lofs of nofes, &c. and fom(jtimes of life, unlefs the part .•iifL<ftcd, or nipped by the frofl-, be carefully rubbed with the fnow till the blood returns to it. The reformation here, as well as in Denmark and Norway, begun foon after the neigh!)ouring parts of Germany had embracc-d Luther's tenets: and now Luiheranifm is the eltabliined religion, and is never diflurbed by non-conformity, no other fe(fls, not the Romaniils, being to- lerated, 'i he church is governed by an aich- bifhop, namely, Upiil, with a revenue not above 4ool. and by ten bifhops ; under the litter are fevcn or eight fiiperintendants. Over every ten churches is a provoft, or rural dcjn. The number of churches in Sweden and Finland as fhort of 2.000, to which tlie addition of chaplain; and curates will increafc the clergy to about 4000 ; who are all faid to be the fons of peafants, or meaner burghers, their dues arifing from glebe-lands and one- third of the tythes, the other two thirds being annexed to the crown for pious ufcs. The clergy however have geneially wherewithal to exercife hofpitaliiy, and are the con/tant refuge of poor irivellers, or llrangers. Leara- ing can plead no great antiquity in this coun- try, the univerfity of Lfpfal not having been founded quite 403 years ; and tiicte are few monuments extant of an earlier date, except funeral infcriptions cut on rocks and rude (for.es, but generally without any date, in the ancient Gothic language, and Runic charac- ters. The mod curious piece of learning among them is the original trtiiiditioi. of the Evan 'clifts into the Gothic, done above 12 or I 300 years ago, by Upfala, a bilhopof thd Goths in Thrace. Marriages in Sweden are 3 L totally S W I iofally <Toverned liy tlie will of the pir?nt,-,i ami founded upon intcred. In iheir weddin;^- entcrtuinments they have ever atTiC^ed pomp and fuperRui!.)/ ; as alf'o in their tuncial lo- Icmnities. 'J he jieneral divifion of .S\^edtn i;^ I. into tl\c G'.>ih c kingdusn, including Edil Golhlmid, Wert GothLud, and South (.Toihiind. 2. Su'tdcn t'ropcr. NoidLnd. 4. Lapland. And 5. Finland. To SWEEP, V. A. [jhcipan. Sax.] to clean or drive away with a Ixoom ; to trail along the ground ; to pafs over with qvck. S W i knowledge of his mother or other relation*, and kept h m wiih her at Whitehaven, in Cumberland, foi three yeais Hiis circum- ilance occafioned niiny to Aippofe hinvan ELnj;hlhnian; and, trom the friindlliid lliew- td afterwards to his nio lier and him, by Sir William Feniple, that he was Sir William's natnral fon ; but botli thcfe fuj-gertions arc i.quiliy dcllitute of tiiitii ; for -Sir William lemplc, being employed in a public cnpacity ■ibroad from (he year 1665 to 1670, coiil4 not po!Tii)ly hpvc any criminal converfe with rt.fs i to rub over; to (hike with a lonj' ' his mother till ibme yeans after his birth. At flroke. Neuterly, to pafs with vfolencc or! f'x years of .-.^c he was put to Kilkenny iwiftnefs : to pals wi:h pomp, or 4 floving fchooi, by his unclr, Mr. Godwin Swift (who, train i to move with a long I'.rokc or ic.-ch. upon his father's death, whof^; chief income SWEEP, S. the aft of cleaning w.th a j ceafcd wjth himfelf, voluntaiily became his broom; the compafs of any violent or con- and the other children's guardian) and abont tinned motion ; vinleiu de(lru£Hon ; the di eight years afterwards was entered a ftudent re(;ti<m of any mot.on from one fide to an of Trin-ty College, rubiin. His principal Other. Ihidies here were hiftory .uul poetry, in wlucli S'v'/EET, Adj. ' fit'cte, Sa\. foef, Belg.j he made great progreTs ,- but To litiie applica- plcafuig to any f'f the fenfes ; of an agreeable tion did ha give to ajl other branches of talle, as fugar, S:c. Figuratively, chai'ming, fcience, that when he appeared as candidate grateful, or pleafing. Kind, or good, appl ed 1 tor batchebrof arts, he wjs at firit fet afide, to temper. I'o bsjtue-jt uj:on, to be amero.itly j on account of infufficieiicy ; and even at lad fond of. 1 .obtained his admiluon /'fc;,;// ^<-ii/w. This SWKE'TBREAD, S. the pancrea.<; of any | neatment he rcfented fo much, that he re animal. To SV7F.E'TEN, V. A. to make fwect, mild, kiMd, Icfs painful, more grateful, or tjioie delicate. SWEET'HKART, S a fuitor, or lover. SWtE'TiVlliAr, S. fruit prcfcrvcd in fugar, SWfiE'TNESS, S. the quality of being fwcet in any of its fenfes, ToSWKLL, V.N. fpart. y\^. fwoUett ; hvcUun, Sax. T^vl, JivcUcn, Sax. J to grow big- ger by exienfion of parts ; to tumify ; to look hig : to be elated ; to be exafperated Active ly to caufe to rife or occafion 3 tumult ; to agiiravate, or heighten. SWELL, S. an increafeof bulk. SWE'LLING, S. a tumour ; any thing srown biggfi' hy extenfion. To SWE'LTER, V. N. [perhaps corrupt- ed froiT) /"■'"■" 1 fo he pai;-!(d or niaJc uneafy bv heat. Atlivtly, to parch, or dry v.ith hc.it. SWE'LTRY, Adj. fiiflKMtingvvith hffat. S WP'.PT, participle and preter of Sweep. To SWERVE, V. N. { f-^>cri-es, Sax. and BdciJ to wander j to rove; to depart from rcafnn or duty ; to ply or Bend. SWIFT, Ad).[Sax.J moving fai- ina fhort time ; qnick ; ready. SWIFT, (Dr. Jonathan] was the fan of Mr. Jonathan Sv.lft, and Mis. Abignl y.ick and was born in Dublin, November 50, 1667. Soon after hi? birth his ninf;-, hav- ing occafion to come to England, <)Ut of a nurfe's fondntfs for th.e child ■t.t her breaft, lonvfycd him on Ihip-board without the 3 folved to leave Ireland, and pmfiie his flu- dies at Oxford ; but in order to this he was obliged to produce the tcjimoniuni of his de- gree ; and the expreiuon fj^cdaH gratia being peculiar to Dublin univerfity, the members at Oxford concluded it fignilied a degree con^ ferred in rev/ard of extraordinary diligence and learning, and therefore he was immedi- ately admitted, and entered of Ilart-hall, now Htrtford coUcdge. where he conftantly rcfidej till he took his degree of matter of nrts in 1691. Swift's guardian dying in 16S8, Sir William Temple, whofe lady vvas related tQ Swift's mother, generoufly fupportcd him at Oxford ; and upon his quitting the univer- fity, took him to refide with him as his do- mertic companion. Here Swift had opportu- nities of convcrfing with king William, who freqi'ently vifited Sir Willi.Tm Temple ; and that prine oflercd to make him a captain of horfe, which he refufed, being determined to take orders. In purfuance of this refolution, he \«ent to Ireland, and by the recommenda- tion of Sir Will'.am Temple to lord Capel, then lord-deputy, he obtained a prebend of lool. a-ycai ; but that income being infuffi- cient, and the diftance of the metropolis de- priving him of that converfation and fociety in which he deligiited, hereligncd his prebend in favour of a friend, and returned to Sheene, in England, to Sir William Temple, with whom he lived as a companion and friend till Sir William's deuh; who, befides a legacy, left to him the care of fublifl.ing his pofthu- mous works. Upon the death of Sir William, Swift Came to London, and took tiie earlieft S W I cppntTtnnity of reminding king William ky petition, of a promifc that prince had made ro Sir V/ilJiam Temple, tiiac Mr. Svvih fhould have tlie fiilt vacancy that happened among the prebends of Wellmiiifter or Can- tcibury; but that petition had no efftct; and, after a long and fruitlefs attendance at Whitehall, Svv-tt's honour, or rather pride, not biooking lb long a ftate of feivility and ■contempt, he embraced an olFer made him by the earl of Berkley, then appointed one of the lords jufticcs, to attend him as his chaplain and private fecretary to Tieland. Cut one Bufh, another of Lord I'erkley's attend- ants, foon after tlicir arrival in Dublin, by his infin nations, fuppiuntcd lim in the office of fecretary. Of this injurious treatmeiU Swift exprelled his fenfibiUty in a fhort but I'dtyrical copy of vcrfes, intitled The Dijco-vay. tlowever, during the governnttnt of the earls of Berkley and Gal way, wlio were jointly lords juilices of Ireland, the livings of Lari- «or and Rathbeggan, worth together about 26cl. a-year, were beflowcd upo i Mr. Su iff, the only church preferments he enjoyed till lyVyam ; ficuvman, Goth, fwywwdv, Sax.] Jie was appointed dean of St. Patrick's in i float orn^oveon the top of tlie water without J713. In 1710, Swift took his do(!^tor"s de- j finking ; to he conveyed by the flreani ; to gree, and king William dying towards the | move on cr in tlie water by the aflion of the S W I to domeflic nol cy in gerieral, and to »4ie trade uf Ireland ill particulai, till the year 1756,, when he was feized with a violent gidJinefs, 'Ahich in a few years graduidly deprived him of his reafon, at \i[\ fun'<. him info a fpeechlefs ideot, and about the latter end of C)<ftol)cr 1745, put a peiiod to his life. Few men havchjd .1 greater (hare of liumour than the doftor, which he could not rtltr.iin even upon the moft trivial occafions ; hut from his works, which are univerfally re.nd, the read- er will better judge of him than from any thing wc can (ay here. SWl'FTLY, Adv. quickly; nimbly. SWI'FTNESS, S. velocity; nimblenefs ; quicknefs ; difpatch. ■ oSWJG, V. n.[Jivig.-i, in.] to drink by large draughts. To SWILL, V. A. [ fwJlgai7, Sax.] to drink in a luxurious and grof^ manner ; lo wafh or drench. SWILL, S. drink or immoderate drink- ing- 1 o SWI.VI, V. N. f preter ftuavyfiuctn, or latter end of that year, on the acceflion of queen Anne the doiftor came into England ; and as the miniflers of that reign were great patrons of learning and learned men, the dodor was foon admitted into their friend- Ihip, particularly the earl of Oxford, in the imbs ; to be floated ; to flow in any thing ; to be dizzy, or have a fenfation ot fwimmmg in the liead ; to glide or flaw with an eafy, or fmooth, motion. A<riively, to pafs by fwimming, SWIM, S. the bladder of filhej, by whicli defence of whofe aJminiflration he wrote they are fupported in the water, mny pamphlets, poems, and weekly papers, SVV IMMI'NGLY, Adv. fmoothly; prof- fraught with wit, and the Kcencft latire. In I peroufiy. return for ihefe fervices, the Dr. flattered I SWINE, S. \'fiodtie, Go\.\-\. ftuyn, ftv'in, himftlf the place of hifloriographer was re-. Sax.] a hog or pig; a number of hogs, eithei' Icrved for him: but he remained without | fows or hoars. '> preferment till he was made dean of St. i"a-j SVv'lNE-HERD, S. a keeper or feeder of trick's ; and at firrt he had httle reafon to be fwine. pleafed with his promotion; for onhisar-j ToS^^ING, V.N. [i^retcr fzvargjfzuung, rival in Ireland, to take pofrcflion of his |y^7t-;>^is«, Sax. j to makca thing that ii fufpend- deanry, he found the violence of party raging , ed move backwards and forwards ; to whirl to ahigh degree in that kingdom ; the com- 1 round in theair. nion people had been taught to look upon | SWING, S. the motion of any thing hang- him as a Jacobite ; and fuch was their deteiia-j Jng loofe ; a line on which any thing hangs tionof him as to throw (tones at him as he' loofe ; the influence or force of a body put pafled the ftreets ; the chapter of St. Pa-; into motiqn ; courfe, or unrellruincd liberty, trick's, like the reft of the kingdom., received j or tendency. him with reluftance, and thwarted him in To SWINGE, V. A. [fzuif!ga/!,Saii..J to every thing he propofed ; he was avoided as a ! whip or punifh with a lafli. peftilence, oppofed as an invader, and pointed! SWI'NGING, Adj. great or huge. at as an enemy to his country. A man of To SWl'NGLE, V.N. to dangle; to fewer abilities, and \e{i firmnefs, would have ! fwing in pieafurc. funk under fu£h violent outrages and oppo- 1 SWI'NISH, Adj. filthy; nafly ; like a fitioii ; but he had addrcfs and refolution to 1 fwine. furmount them; to reduce his brethren the SWINK, S. [/zv;«f, Sax,] labour; drud- clergy to reafon and obedience, and by algery; roil. zealous attachment to the iiitcrefts of hisj SWITCH, S. a flexible twig, country, to become the darling of his people ; To SWITCH, V. A. tolafn with a fwitch ; and in this happy fituution he lived many 1 to jerk, vears^ bein^ confulted ip all points rtlatingj S vVlTZERLAND, S. the country of the L a ihirtcca S W I S Y D thirtfcn Swifs Cantons, I'iz. Zurich, Eenie.j laily enrolIcJ in a body of militia, from fij»$ Lucerne, Ury, Swits, Underwald, Zue, Glaris, Bafil, Friburg, Solothurn, Scbaff- hnufen, and Appeuzel, and of their allies and luhjeas, namely the Giifons, Valcfians, the roublic of Geneva, the biQiopric of Bafil, Mi.lhaufen, the fovertignties of Neufchatel find Vahngin : the republic of St. Gaul, and the towns of Eienaand Rotweil, was thi.t of the ancient Hdvetn. It is bounded by the Suntfiow, the Hyrcinian forefl, and other parts'' of Swabia, on the N. by the lake ot Cnnlknce, alfo Tyrol and Trent, on the E. by Savoy, Milan, and other provinces of Italy, en the S and by Burgundy and the Franche- <;omte on the W, It is about a6o miles lon<r, and upwards of loo broad i fome parts of Italy and France beinjj now Included in it, wliich did not belong to tjie ancient Hehefii. Thoiioh Swiizcrland is fituated between lat. 4 5. and 48 deg. N. yet lying among the Alps, tliehigheft mountains of lurope, whofetops are moCt part of the year covered with fnow, the air is much fliarper than in more norther- ly latitudes. As the whole country is thus fe- ouen-ercd bv high mountains fiom the neigh- I'curinw parts, haidly any one canton but is divided from the rcfl by a ridge of hills, ^'.hi'h yield good paflure ; and on lome are corn fields paiticnlarly Berne, two thirds of which is a level country, abounding in grain: but the foil in general Joes not produce it in any great quantity, (brms or cold rains fre- quently dellroying the fiuits of the earth ; for which rcafon, in plentiful feafons, ihcy lay lip corn in <;ranaries ; and to retrench all lu- perfluity, lliey prohibit the wearing cf gold, I'ilver, filk, thread-lace, or jewels, with pub- lic (liews. In the general diet, the Helvetic body is vepreiented by deputies from all the cantons, who meet at Baden on Midfummer- tlay, and fit for about a month. Here they principally concert meafures for the good of the whole; but all other matters are treated fif at the particular diets of the refpedtive re- ligions ; that of the Protcdants is holden St Auras, and that of the Roman Catholics at Lucerne ; ib that in fact the thirteen can- tons, though generally reputed one common- wealth, are fo many independent republics. The conltitruion of government in the feven cantons of Zurich, Berne, Lucern, Bafil, ./riburg, Solothurn, and ^chati liauien, is ari- >'!ocratical, c;r in the gentry ; and that of the oilier fix democratical, or in the body of the people. The prote'iant or calviniiiical Can- tons are Zurich, Berne, Eafil, and SchafT- haufcn, two-thirds of Glaris, and more than half Anpenzei ; all the rcll are Roman Ca- tholics i but th.e PrgteOants are much the lir"eft, :'nd their" territories nsore fruitful thaii thofe of the other. The cantons never have any troops in pay, but in time of war. Al) the 'inhabiunts cf Switzerland are regu- teen to iixty years of age, one third of which IS regimented for foreign ferviccs, under the (iile of fuzileers i and the other two thirds, who fiay at home, ferve as recruits for them ; and they have had 80,000 men in arms, though only the regimented orinrolled troops V. ere raifed. In the mountains of Switzerland many large rivers have their fourcc, particu- larly the Adda, Ticlno, Lintz, Aar, Rufs, Inn, 111, Rhone, and Rhine ; alfo the Danube rifes but a few leagues ofTSchaffhaufen. In this country there are near thirty lakes, fome of which, particularly thofe of Conflance and Geneva are upwards of fixty miles long : bc- fides there is hardly a mountain but has a lake on its top well (lored with fi(h. In al- moft every part of this country, botii on the mountains and in the plains, are forefls of firs and pines, with fome of oak and elm. SWI'VEL, S. fomething fixed in another body fo as to turn round. SWO'BBF.R, S.fSce Swabber] four cards at whiff, which are entitled to flakes. S WO'LLEN, or SWOLN, part, padive of Swell. SWOM, preterof Swim. To SWOON, V.N. [afivurar. Sax.] tot fuffer a fufpcnfjon of thought and fenfation ; to faint, or fall into a fit. SWOON, S. I fwong, Sax./offf, RufT. fan^ Sclav, and Dalm./i-HjBoh. Pol. and Carinth.j a fainting fit. To SWOOP, V. A. [perhaps formed from the found] to fall or dart at once on its prey ; to prey upon. SWOOP, S. fall of a bird of prey upon his quarry. To SWOP, V. A. [its derivation uncer- tain] to give one thing in exchange for an-, other. SWORD, 5. [fiveord. Sax. fuerd, Irt. fivfrrd, Belg.] a weapon with a fharp point, worn by the fide, and ufed in combats hand to hand ; deflruOion by war ; vengeance ; ar^ einblem of juftice. SWO'RD-BEARER, S. an officer who car- ries a fwordof ftate before a prince or magif- trate. SWO'RD-FISH. S. a fea-fi(h, having a bone 5 feet long iduing from his head with teeth on both fides, at the end of the upper jaw. oY'COPHANT, S. [s->j>io<f,aylr,(, Gr.] a fljttercr ; a talc-bearer. SYCOPHA'NTICK, Adj. parafitical ; flat- tering. To SY'COrHANTISE, V. N. to play the flatterer Sl(DERA'TION,S. a blading with excef- fiveheat, ordroughtja corruption of the foli4 parts or bones of an animal. SY'DEROSE, Adj. [jyderofus^Lat.] pla- net- Hiuck. S\LLA» S Y N SVlLA'SIC, or SYLLA'BICAL, Adj. |ifioni Syllable] relating to, 01" confiding •f, fyllables. SY'LLABLE, S. [s-i/Ua?*, Gr.] a part of a worcl, confining ot one or more letters pro- honnced together. SY'LLAiJUS, S. [rv7.-Ka^ci, Gr.] an ab- ftraft ; a conapcndium, containing the heads of a difcourfe, or courfe of le£>ures. SY'LLEPSIS, S. [Gr. I a figure in gram- mar, where two nominative cafes fingular, of different perfons, arc joined to a verb plural. LY'LLOGrSM, S, fGr.] an arjniment ton fitting of three prof.ofitions, the coiiclufi- on of which necelfat ily follows from tlie two prcniifcs. SYLLO'GISTICAL, Adj htlongine to lyllogifms ; after tlie manner of a fylligifm. SYLFHS, S. a fort of fairy nymphs. SYLVAN, Adj. woody j belonging to woods or forefls. SY'MCOL, S. [ lywU^, Yr.fyivbohm, Lat. rvy-Bo'Ki'f, Gr.] an ahlfract or compendious form ; a type, or that wliich comprdiends, in its figure, a reprefcntation of fomcthing elfe. SYMRO'LICAL, Adj. belonping to, or of the nature of a fymboi j niyflical. SVMBOLIZA'TION, b. rcprefentalion, jrcfcmblance. To SY'MDOLIZE, V. A. to make rep re- fent^tive of fomc thing. Ncuterly, to jiavc fometliing in common with another, byrepre- fcntarive qualities. SY'MMETRY, S. [ fymnetric^, Fr.J pro- portion; harmony of parts. SYMPATHETIC, or SYMPATHE'- TICAL, Adj. [SeeSYM PATH Y.]afrc£led with ■what liappens to another. To SYMPATHI'ZK, V. A. [fymp^tbifer, Fr.] to feel U'-th aiiither, followed by ici!/j. SY'MPATHY, S. [ fympati k',¥-. cxj;A.T:a.- fliifl, Gr.] the quality of being aiTcacd with the calamities, pains, or JDys of another. SYMPHONTOUS, Adj. a^reeio" in found. SY'MPHONY, S. { jpni^k'or.k, Fr.] a con- f inance, or concert of feveral founds together On the ear. SY'MP TOM, S. {fymptome, Fr. s-vfX-nraiucL, Gr.] fomething happening together with fomethin'T elfe ; a fion, token, or an aHemb- lage of appearances in a difeafe, which (hews its quality or nature. SYMPTOM.'^' riCAL, Adj. tending to difcover, or belong to fymptoms. SYN.T.'RESIS,"'S. [Gr, j a figure in gram- mar, which puts two fyllabies or vowels into one. SY'NAGOGUE, S. [Fr. ^myo>=,-, Gr.j an aflembly of Jews 5 the place wlicre the Jews uftd to Hfl'mible to rcjd, and to hear the hoiy Ijook^ read. flVNALOE'PHA, S. [Gr.j a contra(flion SYS of a fyllable in a Latin verfe, by joining ta- uether two vowels in the fcanning, or cuiiu^ off the ending vowel. SY'NAXIS, S. [^ivaf,?, Gr.] a congrega- tion ; the facramciu of the Lord's Supper. SYNCHIIO'NICAL, Adj. [ .-t^vxp;«,-, Gr.] happening at the fame time'j contem- porary. SYNCHRO'NISM, S. \^uyx?'>nc-!*ou Gr.] fi'vcral lemarkabie tranfa<fl!ons happening at the fame time. To SYNCOTATE, V. A. [ Jyt,ccpatum, Lat. J to cut or take away j to Ihorien. Ncu- terly, to fvvo<:in. SY'NCQPR, S. [a-,;vxo7r«, Gr.] a fignr* in grammar, whereby one or more letters arc taken out of a word. In phyfic, a fuddcii fainting or Avooning. To SYNDI'CAl K, V. N. to pafs judg- ment on J to ccnfure. SY'NDROME, S. [Gr.] concurrence, , SYNE'CDOCHE, S, [Gr. , a figure in rhttoilc, whereby the whole is taken for 3 part, or a part for tlie whole. SYNNEURO'SIS, S, the connexions mad« by a ligament. SY'NOD. S. [fyr.idf,Yv c-w,5,j, Gr.] an aflfmbly of clcr;',yman J the coiijunftion of the iieivcnly bo.l cs. SYN'O'NIMA, -S. [Lat.] names or words which fignifv the fame thing. SYNO'NTMOUS, Adj. [ J\;:ommc, Fr.] exprcding the lame thing or id^i. SYNOP.ilS, S. [Gr.j a genetdl view ; all the parts brou'iht under one vicv. _ SYNTA'ctlCAL, Adj. conjoined, rela- ting to the conflniiTiion of fpcccli. SY'MTAX, S. \fyntaxh. Gr.] afyflem; a number of things joined together ; th^t pare, of gvHmmar which tsaches thsconflrudion of words. SY'NTHPSrS, S. [Fr.] the a£l of joining, oppofed to Analsf.%. SYNTHE'TIC, Adj. [rw&srwo- Gr.] joinin-; together. T\\z fynthttlt m.-.bod u thuc wl'.ich begins with the parts, and leads to the knowledgeof the whole, which it does by be- ginning uith tlie mofl (imple principles, and proceeding lo tiiat which is dravvn from, or compounded of them. SY'PHON, S. i-ceSrpHoK. SY'RINGF, S. f^ifi^, Gr.] a pipe, or inftriiment, through which any thin-r \^ (quirted. ToSY'RIXGE, V. A. to fpout or walh by a fyringe. -^Y'RT'IS, S. [L.'^t ] a quick fand ; ^ t-otJ. SY'RUP, S. [j^'-'.p, Vr.fyruLus, Ln.l\ com'pnfition made of the juice of hcib>, flow- ers, or fruit.<:, bolkd wit!) A.'g..r to a ihiek confi'^enCe. SY'SJKM, S. \ fyjlctre, Fr. cifr.,A=, Gt.\ a combination of many lhirii.'S I'per.iting toge- ther ; a feheme wli'ch reJucci many thii 05 3 L 3 tu SYS to 3 regular depen Jence, or co operation ; the whoie oi any doctrine, whole feveral parts are h imd together, follow, or depend on each other. i\S rEM.VriC, orSYSTEMA'TICAL, Adj. regiiiar ; according to fome fytlem. SYSTOLr., S. [Gr.J the contraftion of the heart. In Grammar, the fhoitening ot a. long fyilabic. TAB T A 1 another's table. A(Qivcly, to make a cata- logue, or iet down. TA'PLE-BELR, S, beer ufcd at rricaU ; fniall beer. TA'BLE-BOOK, S. a book on whicli any thing is wrote without uik. TABLER, S. a boarder. TA'BLiT, S. a fmall level forface ; a mcdichieof a Kjuare form ; a furtace written 01 painted on. TA'BOR, S. [raisz/rw, Fr.j a fmall drum lieaten with a flick, and accompanied with a pip A confonant, and tl.c nineteenth ■ letter of the alphabet ; before ; JB- 5 vowels, excepting the I, it founded fomething like D, but before the L j ^^^^y^ when followed by another vowel, has the I -j ^ TA'BULATE, V. A. found of S, as nothn i yet when S precedes J f^l^jg or fynophs. TACHE, S. [fromfjc*] any thing taken hold of; a catch or loop. To TA'ROR, V. N. [tahojjrer, old Fr.] to ftrike lighlyand freiioently. TAjiORl'NE, or TABRET, S. [Fr.] a to reduce to a it, it retains its original hard found, as in queflion, TA'BBY, S. [tahl, tahlno, Ital. wiiJ, Fr-] a kind of waved lilk. TA'BBY, Adj. brinded, brindled, or varied ■with another colour. To TABBY, V. A. to pafs filk,. J?:c. un- der the calendar, to give it reprcfcutation of waves, like that of tabby. TA'BEAlvD, or Ta'BERD, S. {t.'ba;-J, TACHYGRA'PHY, S. [T<ix">'('a<fi*, Or.] the art of fwift v;riting. TA'CIT, Adj. {tacitc, Fr. tjcttus, Lat.] fi- ffent j implied though not exprclled. TA'CirLY, Adv. filentiv. TAClTU'llNlTY, S. [taciturnhc', Fr. ta- dtuir'aas, Lat.j habitual fileiice. To TACK, V. A. {tacber,FT.] to faflen Fr.] a (hort gown reaching no farther than jto any thing ; to few Aightly ; to join or ftick the middle of the leg; a kind of jacket, or i together; to turn a, (hip. fleevelefs coat ; a hcrald'scoat. I TACK, S. a fmall nail ; the ad\ of turning TABEFA'CTION, S. a confuming, or i (hips at fci. TcboU :aci,\.e. to laft or hold wading away. out. To TA'BEFY, V. A. {tak-rc, Lat.] to TA'CKLE, S. [faal, But.] an arrow ; v;afle aA'ay ; to pine, or confume. jweapons, or iiiftraments of action ; the ropes TABELLa'RIOL'S, Adj. belonging to -of a Ihip ; from r^it/tt/, Be!g. a rope, letters, or a letter-carrier. j TA'CKLIMG, S. ropes, or furniture of a TA'BELLION, S. [Fr.] a notary public, malt ; furniture for fport or aflion. TA'BERDER, S. one who wears a (hort gown : applied at Oxford to a fervitor of (^een's College. TA'BERNACLE, S. [Fr. taha-yijcuhm, Lat.] A temporary habitation or dwelling ; a facred place, or place cf worlhip. In the Romilh church, a little vefTcl in which the facramenc is put on the altar TACTIC, or TA'CTICAL, Adj. [t«x- Tus?, Gr.] relating to the art of war, or marihalling an anny. TA'CTICS, S, ]Tay?.Mr,, Gr.j the art of ranging men in the field of battle. T.VCTILE, Adj. {tacii/is, Lat.] capable of being touched or felt. TA'C riON, S. the aCt of touching or To TA'BERNACLE, V.N. to en (hrine, feeling : feldom ufed but by philofophical or houfe- TA'BES Dorsalis, S. [Lat.] a con- funiption in the marrow of the back-bone. TA'BID, Acj. [taild^s, Lat.J walled by difeafe ; confumptive. TA'BLATURE, S. painting ou walls, or cielings. In anatomy, a divifion, or parting of the fcuU bones. TABLE, S. [Fr. tnlmla, Lat.] any fiat or level furface ; a board fupportcd by feet, and uied for meals; perfons fitting aad partaking of an ente.tainment : fare, or tntertainment ; a furface on which any thing is written, or engraved; a pijLiurc, friun taokuu, Fr. The palm of tl:e ha'id ; draughts. To TABLE^ V. N. to 'ooard,. or live at writers. TADPOLE, S. [from tad Sax. and pda. Sax.] a young Ihapelcfs frog or toad. TA'EN, a contraction of Taken. TA'FFYTE, S. [taffetas, Fr. laffaar^ Span.] a kind of fmooth, lilkcn manufa(flurc,. having a remarkable glolTy furface, and fup- pofed to be invented at Lyons in France, TaG.S. [111.] the point of a lance ; a point of metal fafteneJ to the end of a ftring, or a lace ; any thing pjhry and mean. To TAG, V. A. to fix metal lo the end of a lace ; to hang one thing to another. To join, followed by together , TAIL, S, [taga, Goth, tiegl. Sax. ta^l,, Ifl.J the long fubftance which hangs down fiora T A L from the vertebra: of an animal ; the lower pait ; any thing hanging down ; the hinder part. In Aflronpiny, thedefc^nuing node of a planet ; thofe rays which datt from a comet oppofite to tlie dircflion in which it moves. In Law, a Jimited fee, opppftd to a lee limple. TAl'LLAGE, S. [tailkr, Fr.] a piece cut out of th(? whole : a Ihare of a man's fub- (hince paid by w^y of tribute. TAI'LOR, S. [rnilJfiir, Fr. from tai/L-, Fr.] one who m^ikes cioaths. To TAINT, V. N. [rahUn', Fr.] to im- l.uc or impregnate witii anything ; to (lain ; to infc<fb or corrupt. Ncutc-rly, to be infeilcd or toi'ched. TAl.MT, S. [teintf, Fr.l a tinifture, ftain, or corruption. In Natural Hiflory, a fpidcr of a red colour, and fo fmali that ten of the largeft will liardiy outweigh a grain. To Take, V. A. [prcter tc:ik, part. paOi taken, fometimes /'cij to receive what is of- fered ; to f'-izc what is not given ; to capti- vate, delight, or engage with plcafure ; to re- ceive with good or ill will ; to undtrftand in any particuhr fenfe. To fuppofcor imagine, .followed by it. To hire, followed by /.'oufc. U/cd with .Ttyjv, todeprivcof ; tofct afide, or remove. 'J'l, tuic care, to be careful, cautious, folicitous for, or fupsrintend. Followed by from, to derogate or detradl ; to deprive of. 7c take herd, to be cautious. Ufed with heed to, to attend. Totukeln, to comprife, com- prehend, admit, win, receive, or impofe up- on. Followed by oath, to f»vear. Ufed wich «ff, to invalidate, deftroy, with-hold, with- j notched or cut along with another, and ufed draw, fwallow, purchafe, copy, find place for, | to keep accounts by ; any thing made to fuit or kill. To take part, to (haie «r participate, j another. Ufed with place, to prevail or have effect. To TA'LLY, V. N. to fit, fu't, or cut Ufed with up, to borrow upon credit or in- 'out to refemble aiiy thin«; to mark upon a tcrcft, applied to money j to engage with J tally. Neu:erly, to be fitted; to conform, toaflume; to begin ; to engrofs ; to have TA'LLY-MAN, S. ojie who fells cloaths final rccourfe to ; to fcize or arreft ; to ad- to be paid by the week or month. mit. Ufed with ://>o;.>, to appropriate; toad- TA'LMUD, or THA'LMUD, S. the book mit ; to be imputed to ; to claim authority, containing the Jewilh traditions and rabbini- Keu:erly, to pleafe cr be approved of; to cal explanations of the law. have its Intended cr natural effects ; to catch. TA'LON, S. [Fr-] the claw of a bird of Uicd with afur, to learn of, refemblc, or 'prey. imitate. Ufed with ;V;, to inclofe, leflen, con- 1 TAMA'RIN'D, S. fw«aW«, Fr. tamariTi- tradt, cheat. Followed by in hand, to under- da, Lat.] a kind of Indian fruit, of an agice- take. 7c take nctke, to obfcrve; to fliew by able acid tafte, and cfleemed good to quencli any act that a thing or perfon is obferved. thirft. Ufed with &«, to be violently alTtftcd with TAMA'RISK, S.pu-«;iin^f,Fr.] S. afliriib, forrow or ficknefs. Ufed with r!7, to apply to, or be fond of; to betake or have rccourfe to. Ufed with up, to flop. Ufed with up with to be contented or fatisfied with j to lodge or dw-eil. TA'KEN, particple paflive cf Take. TA'KING, S, fcizure or diftrefs T A M number reckoned; from ttilen. Sax. to count. A reckoning ; an information or difclofurc of any thing fccret. TA'LE-BEARER, S. one who gives in- telligence through olf.L-iouiuefsor m*ilicioufc nefs. TA'LENT, S. \tal:r.tiim, Lat. ] a weight, or fum of money dilfering in different nations and ages ; a faculty, power, or gift of naturej qunlity or nature. T.A'LlS.VlAN. S.a maoical chara^er. To TALIs., V. N. [ta-Lr, Belg. j to con- verfc ; to fp.-ak impertinently; to give ac- count ; to re.ifon or confer witli another. TALK, S. [talkoouani. Ruff! J familiar fpecch ; rnmour; the fubjectof cinverfation. .Among the wr ters of Indian trHnCiifliOns, it is u'ed for a conference. Stones compofed of plates, generally parallel, Hexiblc and cla- Itic. TA'LKATIVE, Adj. full of prale; much given to talking. TALKA'TIVENESS, S. the quality of being forward to fpcak, or much given to talking. TALL, Adj. [tdl, Jjtit.] long, or high in (lature; lofty TA'LLAGE, S. [taiUagr, Fr.] impoR; excife. TA'LLNESS, S. hciglit of flature ; lofti- nefs. TA'LLOW, S. [talge, Dan.] the greafe or fat of animals, which is ufed in makiajj candles. TA'LLY, S. [from tailkr, Fr.] a flick with a red bark and leaves, like heath. TAME, Adj. ("Sax. taerr., Beig, tan, Dan.] gentle of difpoiliion, oppofcd to wild ; crulh- ed fubdued ; deje<fled j fpiritlels or hcari- lefs. To TAME, V. N. \:ar.c-ati. Sax. taemen^ Belg.l to reduce from wildncfs to a gentle and TALE, S. [Sax. from tellan, Sax, r^/j, j mild difpodlion ; to fubdue or conquer. LI.] a flory generally applied to a fhort nar- TA'MELY, Adv. gently; meanly; de- raiive of foiriC trifling and fabulous circum- 1 je^edly. iLnces; a narrniye "delivered bywords; aj TA'MF.NESS, S. the oppofite of wild- 3 L 4 '^«^'5 TAP TAR fft gcnflenefs of difpofitioii; deje<ftcJnefs ; ] TA'PESTRV, S. [taf,is,tjfiji'ie, tapijfrii, rant of fpiiit or courage. Fr. tupin, Brit, rapetum, Lat. taiirii, Gr.J TA'MKIN, er TA'MPION, S. the ftop- ple of a f^reut gun. TA'MMY, S. a kind of tranfparent ftufT, ufed to face the outlines of drawings or paint- ings. 1 o TA'MPER, V. A. [deriv<-d by Skin- ner from trmpero, Lat.] to be ofiitious in the ufi of medicine* ; to meddle, or have to do with without kno\>. ledge orneceffity; toprac- tifc with or endeavour to I'educc. To TAN, V. A. [icairiai, Belg. and Fr.] to impregnate leatlier vviLh bark. To make Lrcnvn by heat, applied to the fun. TAN, S. the bark of the oak tree, beaten fniall, and ufed to tan leather. TANG, S. ln,rgbe,Bclg.] a (Irong tafle left in the mouth ; a rclilh or tafle. To TANG, V. N. [ufed infteadof r«v«^] to rinrr with. TA'NGENT, S. [Fr. urgsns, Lat.] i.s a right line perpendicularly raifed on the exire- inity o(:i radius, which touches a circle to as not to cut it. TANGIBILITY, S. the quality of being touchable, or of being felt. TA'NGIBLE. Adj. fr/'/.jo, Lat.] to be felt or perceived by the touciv To TANGLE, V. A. See Entanci e. TANGLE, S. a knot of things mingled in one another-, TAN'I'.S'I RY, S an ancient cuffoni in Ireland, which ord..ins that an adult is to be preferred to a minor ; as an uiuli to a >ie- fheiv. TANK, S \t.tnji/e, Fr] a large clftcrn or bafon ; a little pool or pond. TA'NKARD, S. [tr.r:ju.:uJ, Fr. tar.iaerd, Bclg, tancyud, Ir. J a diinking vtllei with a cover moving on a hinge. TANNER, S. one tlut drefles and pre- pares hides for ufe. ToTA'NTALIZF, V. A. \ixova Tanta- lui, who vvas condemned to (iarve and die with thjrft among fruits andwater which he could not touch ] to torment by the profpcifl of plea- fui'es which cannot be reached. TA'NLAMOUNr, i>. [Fr.] of equal va- lue ; an equivalent. To TAP, V. A. [Uipp..!!, Belg. upper, Fr.] to touch, or ftiikc gently ; to pierce or bfoach a vedel ; from tappe;:, Belg; TAP, S. a gentle blow; a pipe through which liquor is drawn from a vefTel. TAPE, S. {tappan. Sax.] linen woven in narrow llips, and uicd for fillets or bands. TA'PER, S, [Sax.] a wax candle;, a light. TA'PER, Adj. [from the fortn of a taper] growing <j'-adiially narrow from the bottom to tlietop; conical ; llendcr. *I-o TA'PE.'l, V. N.. to grow fmallef to- wards the bottom Of top. cloth woven with forms of huni.'n creature.5,. bcalts, &.C. ufed for hangings, and fomctimcs for carpets. TA'P.STER, S. one who draws beer at a public houfe. Tar, S. \tare, Sax. tarre, Belg. tare, Dan.] liquid pitch ; or the turpentine of the fiv-ti^c cxtrai^cd by fire. Figuratively, a failor. To TAR, V. A. to fmear with tar ; to teaze or provoke; from Tafalrro, Gr. to dilhirb. TARA'NTULA, S. [lal. tarar.tule, Fr.], a kind of fpider, whofe bite is to be cured on- ly by niuiic. 1 A'RDILY, Adv. flowly ; lazily ; Hoth- fully. TA'RDIXESS, S. nuggiftinefsj nowncls; lazinefs ; guiltincfs, TA'RDITY, S. (lownefs. TA'RDY, .Adj. {tarJui, Lat. tardif, Fr.] ilow, applied to motion. Shi"i'i*h, oi unwil- ling to act or nuve; dilatory ; unwary j cri- minal. TARF, S. [tecnr., Belg,] a weed which grows among corn. TARE, b. [Kr.J the weight of any com- mo<iityj an allowance made for weight of the box, chelt, &c. in whivh any commodity is cont.iined. TARE, prctfr of Tear. targe", or TA'RGET,S. \tarlan, Brit. ti:rgc', S;ix. t^rgr, !tal. and Fr tnaigett ,E.vk\ a kind of buckler kfs than a Ihield, worn for defence on the left-arm. TA'RGUr.I, S. [Hcb.] a pnriphrafc on the pentatcuch, or five books of iMofes, wri- ten in the Ch;;ldee lanonage, TA'RIbF, S. [Fr.j a book of cuftoms ; a bock of rates agreed on between princes or Uates, afcertaiuing the dot es to belaid upon, tiieincfptdlive nurelundiics when imported into their donuHions. TARN, S. a bog ; a fen ; a marfh. To T.A'R.NISfJ, V. N, \te>mr, Fr.] to fully by foil, or dimiiiilli brilhtucfs. Adivc- ly, to lotc briglitiu ii. * TARPA'WLING, S. a hempen cloth hnearcd with tar ; a fnilor. TA'RRIER, S [tirrc, Fr. the earth, whence it fliould be written terrier] a fmall Jog ufed in hunting a fox or otter, in their holes. SeeTEiRiER. To TA'RRY, V. N. \tarto. Run.] ta continue in a place ; to delay, or be long in coming. Aiftively, to expeil or wait for. TART, Adj. [tmrt. Sax. taerti^, Belg.] four, or Iharp of tafle ; keen or fevcre. TA'RT, S. ftMte, tourte,Vr. tarta, Ital.]. tihirt, Dan.] a fmall pie of fruit. TA'RTLY, Adv. fourly; (liarply. TA'RTNiilSS, S. the quulity of being T A S Ibvu'to the tafte ; fnarpnefs, or quickncfs in" i'pcech. TA'RTANE, S. [tartana, Ital.]avefl.l with one malt, and a tiiree corn«ed fail, u.cJ in the McJi;errane:in. TA'R FAR, S. [tarta'-.nr., Lat ] a kind of white or rcddilh fubftance, like a hard (lone, ■which flicks to wine oflis. TARTa'REAN, Adj. [tartarcous, Lit.] hellifh. To TA'RTARIZE, V. A, to impregnate with tartar. TA'RTAR Y, Grfat, is a hrgc extcr.t of country, making the third part of Alia, being about 1 500 miles in length from PL. to W.and 125 in breadth fr.m N. to S It is feated between 35 and 53 degrees of N. lati- tude. European Tartary, as well as Tartary in Turkey, lies near the Black Sea, ani Mufcovy Tartary is near the Cafpian iea 3 Afiatic Tartary, of which we are now fpeak- ing is watered by five large rivers, which ll-rve' fo determine the fitiiation of places 5 namely, the^Oby, the Volga or V/olga, the Jenefca, the Lena, and the Amur. Ruflian Tartary has no fixed bounds, but it miy he near 1500 miles in length from K. to W. and vuihout mt-.dcration or difcreticn 750 in breadth fro.m N. to S. Cliincfe I ?r- j TA' T I'LE, S. infignificant and excelH/e tary is feparated fiom China by a great wall, prate. and is about 750 miles in extent. It is di- TATTO'O, ?. the be^t of a drum by videdinto thceallern and weflerii ; and that 1 ••vhich folJicrs are callcJ to their uuarters,. part of it near the wall is without inhabitants. It was formerly fuppofedto be Cathay, whofe T A W Jo TASTE, V. A. \taji.r, Fr.] to- p«a- ceive or difUnguiih by the palate j to try bj the mouth; to eat in fmall >:iuantitics ; ta feel or have a perception of. Ncuteily, to Sry by thepala-e; to diltinguilh by the mind ; 10 re iifh or approve; to try the rtliili of any thing; to have perception ; to enjoy fparijtg- ly ; to convey to the organs of ta(te ; to affcct" thc organs of taftc. TASrE, S. the a<ft of trying by the mouth ; the fenfe by which the relilh of any tiling is received on the palate Figuratively^ difcernment or relilh, applied to The mind. An ellay or trial ; a fmall poitiun given as a fpcfknen.. 'J'A'STELESS, Adj.caufingno fenfation 01 the palate; inlipid ; having no perccptvoa •)i fymmetry, elegance, or decorum. 'I'o TA'TTER, V. A. [/■^/-rtw. Sax. tatrar^ Run.] to tear to rags. TA'TTER, S. a rag ; a fragment of any thing torn. TA'TIERDEMALION^ S. a ragged fol- low. To TATTLE, V. N. [taterc?,, Rclg.) to ufe m;iny words without meaning ; to talk capital was Caml).i!u, which is now well' known to be Pekin. Independent Tartarv comprehends all that part of it which belongs neither to Rullia nor china; and iscompofed of feveral kingdoms, namely, TurkcHan, Great Bocharia, Little Bocharia, the kingdom of the Calmiicks, and Tibet, or Thibet, or Boutan, which is a large country, snd part of Tangut. In general, the Tartars are a tubult people, have a good confHtution, and capable of un- dergoing hjrdfhips. They have broad faces, fhort chins, large whilkers, and noies even with their faces. They are dexterous in hand ling their fabree, and Ihootingwith bows and arrows. The men have no other bufhiefs than that of going to war, and the women take care of domellic affairs. They are pa- gans ; and they have a pontifT called Daii J^ama. TASK, S. [tyjka. Run. tafche, Fr. c.7//i, Ital.j fomething which is ordered to be done by another ; an employment or bufinefs. To Take to tajk, is to reprove, examine rigidly, or reprimand. ' I To TASK, V. A. \iafeu, Crit.] to order' or command fomething to be done by a cer- tain time. TA'SSEL, S. [tajf', Fr.] an ornamental bunch of fi!k, or glittering fubllance hanging at, the end of a ftring ; alfo a male hawk. TASbES, ii. armuur for the thicihs. r.'V'VERN', S. [tai^erne, fr. taUina, Lat.j a lioufe whci^ wine is fold. TAUGHT, prefer and part, pallivc of Teach. 'la TAUNT, V. A. [tiinfa; Fr. lam^c.-,, Belg.J to reproach, mful*^, or tieat with iiHo- lent contumely and upbraiding. TAUNT, S. an in 'lilt or fcofT Amo-g Mariners, a liip i;; faid to bs taunt n:af:cd\\hta, her marts are too tall fjr her. TAU'NflNG, Adj. reviling ; fcornliii ; railing. 1 _ TAU'N TING LY, Adv. fcorr.fuily ; in as- imperious and proud manner. TAL'NTINGNESS, S. raillery; haugli- tine(s ; praud and fcoi nful behaviour. TAC'RlCORNOuS, Adj. [t^mncoxms, Lat. ) haviae horns rcfembling a bull's. TAU'RIFOKM, Adj. [tMnfoini:, Lat.] having the (haps of a bull. TAU'RUS, S. in Allronomy. the Bull ; the fecond lign of the zodiac, which the fun- enters ia April. TAUTO'LOGY, S. [tauto/o^ie, Fr. ravrn and Xoyta, Gr.j the repetition of the fame word often : fometimes applied to. the repeti- tion of the fam» fenie in different words. To I AW, V. A. [toTven, Helg, taiulct:, Sax. 1 to-drefs white or alluni leather. TAW, S. a round marble beautifully co- loured, ufed in play. TA' W'DRlNEiS, S. tinfcl finery. TA'WDRY^ TEC TA'WDRY, Adj. meanly fliowy ; fine without grace or elegance. TA'WNINESSj S. of a brown, or ytl- lo'.vilh eoloiir, difcolourcd by the heat of the lun. TA'WNY, Adj. Itai:/. tanne, Fr.] yellow like things tanned \ Am-burnt. TAX, S. \tajg^ Belg. taxe, Fr. and Belg.] a tribute implied ; an excife. A charge or cen- fure ; from taxo, Lat. To Tax, V. A. [tax;r, Fr.] to load with excife or impofls \ to charge or accufe of fome fault ; iifcd with of or with before thefjtilt ; from taxo, Lat. TAX.A'TION, S. theaft of loading with taxes. Accufation ; fcEndal. TEA, S. [Chin, t/.e, Fr. ] the leaf of a Ihrub growing in {everal provinces ot China ; T E M To TED, V. A. {feaJ^n, Sax.] to lay grafs newly mown into rows. TL'DDtR, or TE'THER, S. [tiMc; Belg. tcdt, Ifl. lighii; Erfc] a rope by which a horfc is tied in the fitld to prevent his parturing too widely. Figuratively, any thing by which a ptrfon is reftrained. TE'DEUM, S. [we praife the Lord !] a hymn of thankfgiving, ufedin the church up- on fc'cmn occafions, fo called from the two firft words in tlie Latin. TE'DiOUS, Adj. [tedieux, Fr. fedlifus, Lat.] oicafioning wcarinefs and trouble by its continuance or length. TE DIOUSLY, Adv. performing any thing in a llow and irkfome HKinner. TE'DIOUSNESS, S. that which renders any thing difagreeable by the too long time the ho uor made by infufing tea in boiling i fpent in performing it ^atcr/ To TEEM, V. N. [uam, Sax.] to bring To TEACH, V. A. [prefer and'part. paf- young ; to produce plentifully. Figuratively, five taua-ht ; rtvww, Sas, prefer taf.u] to in- j to be full or charged with, like an animal liruct or inform ; to deliver any thing to be ; that is pregnant. Actively, to briHg forth or learned; to tell, or give intelligence. Neu- j produce. To pour ; from ro;;;?Kcn, Dan. a low terly, to perform the office of an inllraiflor. w'ord, but ftill retained by the Scots, and ufcd TE'ACHABLF, Adj. capable of being | by Swift. " TVtvn the remainder." D'tieEl. tauf'ht or inftrucled. TEAGUE, S. a contemptuous name for an Irilhman. TEAL, S. [teilingh, Eelg.J a fmall wild fowl. TEAM, S. [tcmc, Lat. tyir.e. Sax.] a num- ber of hcrfes, oxen, or other beaft drawing the fiime carriage at once j any number pal- fing in a line, TE.'^R, S. [pronounced te/r; from tar. Run. tear. Sax.] tlie water whicii flows foom the eyes ; any moifture trickling in drops. TEAR, S. [pronounced tare ; from the verb] a rent or ftfiiirc To TFl-^R, V. A. [pronounced tere, pre- ter tore, formerly /tfrf, part, pailive torn from TEE'MING, Adj. fruitful ; frequently pregnant. TEEN, S. [tinan, Sax. tencn, Flem.] for- row ; grief. Obfolete. TEbNS, S. [from t)n. Sax.] the years which are reckoned by the addition ®( ten j ay thirteen, fourtea:, &C. TEETH, the plural of Tooth. TE'GUiMENT, S. [tcgumcnium, Lat.] the cover or outward part. To TEH- HE, V. N. to laugh, to titter. TEINT, S. [Fr.] colour, or touch of the pencil. TE'LESCOPE.S. [Fr. ti\5?, and <rx»7r£», Gr.] a long tube fitted with gLUes, through taran, Sax. tara, Swed.J to pull any woven whicjj diltant objeif^ts are vieued. Jhitfinto pieces or t.uters : to wound with | To Tf:LL, V. A. [pretcr and part, pallive the nail, or any fharp pointed inllrument U<;/''; teilan, S.ix.] to utter, or cxperfs by drawn along; to break, divide, or Ihatter by [words j to relate or fpcak ; to teach or in- ■violence ; to pluck violently ; to take away | form ; to difcover ; to count or number ; to Ly fadden force. Neuteriy, to rave or rant | make excufes. " Never tell me." SLak. like a madrnan ; from tkrcn, Belg. Ncutcrly, to give out. To tell on, is to in- To TEASE, V. A. [tajar, Sa'x.] to comb] form oK or unraval wool or flax ; to fcratch cloth to j TE'LLER, S. an officer in the Exchequer, level the nap ; to torment or vex with alFidu- who is employed in receiving and paying all ous impertinence. | the monies on the king's account. They arc TEAT, S. \teihy Brit, tit. Sax. tette, Belg. jfour in number. tete, Fr.] the pap of a woman : at prefent ap- TELL-TALE, S. one who gives informa- plicd only tothe dugs of beafts. i tion of what another fays or docs, cither TE'CHNICAL, ^dj. [T£;^iixof, Gr.] be-j through officioufncfs or malice, longing to the arts. | TEMERA'RIOUS, Adj. ralh ; indifcrcet- TECHNO'LOGY, %. \teebr.ologia, l^it.y,\^ he^M. a defcription of the mechanic arts. I TEINIE'RITY, S. [ffwoi/^jj, Lat.] unrca- TE'CHY, Adj. fi-oward cr pecvifh. fonable contempt of daBgcr ; ralhnefs. TE'CrONIC.K, Adj. belonging to build- To TE'MPER,V. A. [tempcro, Lat. rr;r- ing. \p('cr, Fr.] to mix j[(3 as one part may ^alify T E M TEN er fct the other out to advantage ; to mix or I To TE'i\'PORIZE, V. N. \trn:l>or:Jer, mingle; toaccommo^l.ite j to Ibttcn, footh, or Fr.] '. o delay or put off to anoiher time ; to aduige : to linm or reduce metals to a proper comply with the times ©r occufions. dcgicc ot" l.-.aiaHers I TKMPORI'ZER, S. one ilidt ciiangcs his TK'MPtR, S. a due and juft mixtnreotj princlpki purely to comply with limes and contrary cjiialiiies; the middle coiirfe j a dif- occaiions ; a word of reproach, polition or confluutionul frame of mind ; j To TExVIPT, V. A. [tcntoy Lat. tenter. Fr.] calmncfs i the Kate o' hardncis to which any i to endeavour to feduce or draw a perlbn to do metal is rtduccd. | ill, I'y prefcnting fome pleafiire to the mind; TE'MPERAMtNT, S. [Fr. tCKperamcn- Ito provoke; to foUicic ; to try. turn. Lat.] (tate with rctpcft to the prcdomi- TtMPTA'TlON, S. \tevtathn., Fr.] (he nance of any quality ; due mixture of oppo- adl of endeavouring todraw to the commilhim fiicJ ; the habitude, or natural conltitiition of lof ill, by offering forne iteming advantage ; the body. Ian enticement ; the (late ot u perfon follicit- Tt'MPfclR-ANCE, S. [^tcKperantia, Lat.]!cd by the appearance of prefcnt plcafures or moderation in eating and drinking ; reflraint of artedions or paflions. Tii'AIPEaATE., Adj. \temitratus, Lat.] abftiining from excefs in eating or drinking ; moderate is degree of any quality or purtion. TP:'MPERATENESS, S. freedom from cxcefles. Calmnefs ; coolnefs. 7 R'MPERA t URE, S. [Fr.J conftitution or degree of any quality; due ballance of advantages to the commiiiion of Tome crime or fault. TE'MPTER, S. [tentatcur, Fr.] one who fcdnces or enticcj to thecommi'Iion of any ill; the devil who tempted our Saviour. TEMPTINGLY, Adv. in a fcdueing, al- luring, or provoking manner. TE'MPIiNGNES.S, S. the quality of a thing which renders itiJiccbjcdf of our wifhcs contraries j freedom from any predominant or defires. paflion. TE'MULFNCY, S. [temuumld, Lat.] inc- TE'MPEST, S. [tempefle,Yr.tcmfeJla!,l^it.\\ briation; djunkennefs. the utmoU violence of the v^ind, whole ieveral ' TEN, Ad), [t^ihun, Goth, ty:. Sax. i';, degrees are thus marked by Johnfon ; z' tun, ^un. tan, Belg. t/.yjn, Precap. dcf.jty breeze; a gale ; a gnft ; a ftorm ; a tempeft. KuH. dtfet, drfyr, Sclav, b.ilm. and Boh. tyz„ A continued Itorm at fca J any tumult or vio- Hung. riT/f, Arm.] twkc five, or nine ani lent commotion. To TE'MPEST, V. A. to difturb as by a tempeft. TEMPESTI'VITY, S.[Lat.] feafonablc- nefs. TEMPE'.STUOUS, Adj. [tcn:peftucux, Fr.] TE'NABLE, Adj. [Fr. | fuch as may be maintained or held againft oppodtion or at- tacks. TENA'CIOUS,'Adj [t-nax tenaeis, Lat.] grafping hard j unwilling to part with. Re- ftormy ; difturbed by furious blaftsof winds,! tentive, or not forgetful, applied to the me- «r violent rage of paflions. TEMPESrU'OUSLY, Adv. furioufly ; outrageoully ; bo.fferoully. TEMPESVU'OUSNESS, S. ftorminefs; autrageoufnefs ; boifteronfnefs. TE'MPLAR, S. [from the Temple, bor- mory. Covetous; Itrongly adhering to prin- ciples, notwithUaiiding reai'ons for the con- trary. TENA'CIOUSLY, Adv. clofely 5 obfil- nately ; niggardly. TENA'CIOUSNESS, S. ftiffnefs in opi- deringoa the Thames, anciently belonging jnion ; clofcnefs ; covetoufnefs to the fociety of knights tempers] a lludciit in law belonging to the Temple. TE'MPLE, S. [Fr. tcn-.plum, Lat.] a place ftt apart for religious worlhip. The upper part of the fides of the head j from tempora, Lat. TE'MPLET, S. a piece of timber placed under the gLders of a building. TE'MPORAL, Adj. [temporel, Fr.] mea- fiired by time, oppofed to eternal. Secular, oppofed to ecclefiaflical. Confined to our pre- fcnt e.xiflence in this world, oppofed to i'pi- ritual. Placed at the temples 3 from tempera, Lat. T&'MPORALTY, S. the laity, oppofed to tie clergy. Secular pofleflions, oppofed to thole belonging to the church. TE'MPORARY, Adj. [temf,ui tmporh, Lat..] lafting only fgr a limitsJ time. TENA'CITY, S. ffiffnefs of opinion ; niggardlinefs. Among Phylicians, that pro- perty in vifcous fubftauces> by which they adhere togetlier, TE'NANr, S. [Fr] one that holds of another ; one that dwells in the houfe of another for rent. TE'NANTABLE, Adj. fit to be dwelt in. TENCH, S. a delicious frelh-water fifh. To TEND, V. A. contradled from ^t- ter.d'] to watch, guard, attend, or be attentive to. Neuteriy, to wait or expcjift ; to move to- wards a certain point or place ; from t::!do, La' .. To be direded to any end or purpoie ; to aim at ; from tc::dr{, Fr. To attend as loaieihin^ iafeperable. TE'NDENCE, or TE'NDENCY, S. di- redli^n or courfe tswards any rUce ovohjeft^ djitt TEN T E R «lrift oi- aim towards any confequcncc or in- 1 Grammar, a variation of a veib to fi^ify tfic Icrcnce. TE'NDER, Adj. [tyurr, Brit. toM, Fr. tentr, Lat.] eafily impreOeo', injured, or pain- ed ; delicate or effeminate ; exciting benevo- lence or fympatliy^ companionate j fufceptiblc ot" the lot'ter paflions j amorous or lafcivions ; time in which any action is done. In Engirih we hiVe properly but two tenfes, (', e. the pre- fcnt, and the p'.eterpcrfefl, the verb being only varied in the latter; but in order to cx- prefs the other times wc make ufe of the auxiliary verbs hat-e and had to exprefs the cxpreflive of love ; young; eafily torn, bitten, ipretcr and prcterpluperfcft, and JJjjII and ivill ur o'i\iti\eii. to fignify the future indicative; and in this To TE'NDER, V. A. f ?w^rf, Fr.] to of- refped wc fcem to imitate the S.ixons, who fer or prefent for acceptance; to hold or i make ufe of /•^jf'/^? and hepfod for the per ft{\ efteem ; to regard w thcareor tendtrnefs; the and pluperfect, &n6fceal and loil for the fu- laft fcn.fe fcems obfolete. jture. TE'NDER, S. an ofTer, or prefentaiion of TE'NSENESS, S. contraftion any thinj; for accfptunce; rej^ird,ur kind con- cern ; a fmall Ihip attending a larger. TE'NDER-HEARTEU, Adj. eafily af- fisfieJ with the dilhefs of others. TL'NDERI.Y, Adv. gently; foftly ; kind- ly j in an afTcc'tionatc and delicate man- ner. the oppo- capable of being cx- fitc to laxity. TEKSILE, Adj. tended. TF.'NSION, S. \t!nfus,\.9.t.'\ the ad of Rretching, or Ihtc of being (Iretched. TtN 1 , S. \teme, Fr. fiittoriurr, Lat.] a temporary lodging place for a foldier, forrfied TF/NDERNESS, S. \tc>idir/fe, Fr. taiciitas, iof c.iiivas (Irctchcd upon poles ; a pavilion ; a Lat,] foftnefs ; delicacy ; indulgence ; kind- i roll of lint put into afore from itnti; Fr. uefs; nicenefs of confcitnce J eafiiicfs of be- ing broke, bit, or digefled. TE'NDINOUS, Adj. [tendineux, Fr.] full of tendons. iE'NUON, S. [tendo, Lat.] a finew; a ligature by which the jonts arc moved. '^TE'ND R I L, S ( nrJnlkn, Fr. J the young flioot or twig of a tr^e ; a griilic TE'NEBK.^., or TE'NEBRES, S. a fcr- vice in the Romilhcliurch pertormtd on Wcd- nefday, Thurfday, and Friday before Eader, in commemorauon of Chrilt's agony in the garden. I ENEPROSITY, S. [tcn.lrcf.tas^ Lat.] obfcuiity : darkncfs. TENEBROUS, Adj. dark; obfcure ; gloomy. TE'NEMENT, S, [Fr,] any dwelling held by a rer.ar.t. TENE'S1\TUS, S. [Lat.] a violent incli- nation to go to (tool, without being able to evacuate. TE'NET, S. [from tevct, Lat. he holds; Jbmcti^nes it is written tcacnt, which in Latin \ fptcies of wine of a deep red, imported Irom Gallicia in Spain; from I'ino timo. Span. To TENT, V. A. to put a roll of lint into a fore. Figuratively, to fcarch to the vjuick. TENTA'TION, S, trial; temptation. TENTATFVE^ Adj. attempting 5 eflay- ing. rE'NTER, S. [tei:tu:,\zx.] a hcok on which any thing is llretched. To te on lie lerrtis, is to be on the fhcich ; to be in fuf- pence, or in difficulties. TENTH, Adj. \teotlja, Sax ] the revt after the ninth ; the ordin.ilof ten. Subrt.mtivcly, tlie tenth part, tythe, or that portion whicli all ecclcfuftical livings pay to t!ic king. TE'NTHLY, Adv. in tliettn.h place. lENTIGrNOUS, Adj. [Lat.J nifTj rtrct-ched. TENU'ITY, S. [tsnuitc, Fr. tenunas, Lat.] thinnefs; [lendernel*. TE'NUOUS, Adj. thin ; fmall. TE'NLRE, S I Fr. m^o, Lat.] the irian- lignifics, tliey hold] an opinion, pofirion, or 1 ner whereby tenements are holden of their principle. TE'aNIS, S. [fuppofed by Skinner, to be derived from tencz, Fr. flop > ufed by the French when they hit the ball] a play in vihich a ball is flruk by a racket, TE'NON, S. f Fr.] the end of one piece of timber cut to be fitted into another. TE'NOR, S. [laieMr, Fr. nmr, Eat.] con- tinuation of (tatc; general currency; fenfe contained, or the general courfe and drift of a difcourfe. In Miific, the mean or middle part, between the treble and the bafs. In Law, the fubftance, or true intent and mean- ing of a writing. "tEN.se, Adj. [ififus, Lat.] flretched. TENSE, S. um/>s, £t, temjus^ Lat.J in lords. TEMPEFAC'TION, S. theaa of heating or making warm. TE'FID, Adj. [tcpldus, Lat.] lukc-warm ; indifferent. TEPIDITY, S. luke-warmnefsj iiidif- ference. TE'POR, S. [Lit.] gentle warmth. TER.lTO'LOGY. S. |Gr.]bombaft, TERCE, S. \:lerce, Fr. tner.:, Laf.] a veflel containing the third of a butt or pipc> or forty-two wine gallons. TEREBI'NTHIKATE, or TEREBl'N- THINE, Adj. \_tirebt>iti.'.i:c, Fr. teiebinrluiK, Lat.J confining of turpeuline, a TEB.KB«.A- T E R TFREBRA'TION, S. the aft of boring, !»r piercing. To TRREBRA'TE. V. A. [terebro, Lat.] to bore ; to perforate. To TERGIVERSATE, V. A. f tnji- ijofer, Ft. tergiverfatunty Lat.] to (huflic; to quibble. , TERGIVERS.^'TION, S. tlie a£l of fiiuffling or quibbling in an argument. TlRM, S. [tcmwus, Lat.] a limit or boundary ; a word by which any thing is cx- prclTed ; a condition ; a limited time, or the time for which any thing lalls. In Law, the lime in which the tribunals or phce.s of judgment arc opened for perfons to feek their right by coiufc of law and aftion. There arc four in the year. In the Univcrfity, that fpacc of time when the fchools are opened, and the exercifcss for degrees arc performed, the intervals between which are called va- jcations. To TERM, V. A. to call or name. TE'RMAGANT, Adj. turbulent j tu jnultuous ; fcoiding, or quarrelfome. TE'RMAGANT, S. a fwld. To TE'RMl.MATE, V. A. [tcrminatuu Lat.] to bound, limi% or put an end to. N'eu tarly, to he limited, or end. To attain its end, ufcd with in. TERMINATION, S. the aft of limiting or bannJing ; a bound ot limit, an end or (conclufion. In Grammar, the end ot a word 5 from tcrminatir, Lat. lernunaifcn, Fr. TE'RRACE, S. [frr/aaia, Ital.] a fmall mount, or fpot of elevated earth covered with gravel or grafs ; the fiat roof of a lioufe. TERRA'QUEOUS, Adj. [una, Lat. and djua, Lat.] confining of land and water. TERRE'NE, Adj. [/.r;«w, Lat.] earthly. TERRE'STRIAL, Adj. [ tenrflre, Fr. terrejiih, Lat. J earthly; belonging to the earth. TE'RRIBLE, Adj. dreadful ; frightful. TE'RRIBLENESS, S. frightfulnefs ; dre:idfnlncis. TERRl'BILITY, S. {terrihilitas, Lat.] ap- pearance \\ hich creates great fear or dread. TE'RRIBLY, Adv. dreadfully; fright- fulfy. TE'RRIER, S. [Fr.] a dog that follows his game under ground ; a furvey or regifter of land ; an auger or borer ; from terclro, Lat. TERRFFIC, Adj. [terrifais, Lat.]caufing terror. To TE'RRIFY, V. A. to affeft with ter- ror; to make afraid. TE'RRITORY, S. [territoire, Fr,] land j a country or dominion. TE'RROR, S. [urreur, Fr. terror, Lat.] fearcaufed by til e fight or apprchenfionof fome dangerous objeft ; the caule of fear. TERRU'LENCY, S. [urruitmia, Lat.] (artbineis, T E T TERRU'LENT, Adj. [terruju^s, Lat.l full of earth. ' TERSE, Adj. [ uro, Fr, terfus, Lat.7 fmooth, applied to Airfacc. Harmonioully elegant, without pompoufnefs, applied ta rtylc. TE'RTIAN, S. [ tertlana, Lat.] an .igiic intermitting one day, and having two fits in three days. TE'SS ELATED, Adj. [ tcJela,-Lit.] va- riegatcd by fquares, TEST, S. [Fr. /<-/7<j, Lat.] the cupel by which refiners try their metals. Figuratively, trial, or examination ; the means of trial j that with which anything is compared as a ftandard 5 judgment or dilHn<f\ion. TKSTA'CEOUS, A^]. \tej}r.ccu:, Lat.) confiding or made of fhclls ; having continu- ous fliells. TE'STAMENT, S. \t,-jinm-i,tum, Lat.] a will »r writing by which a pcrfon's podcflions are difpoicj of after his death ; tlic name ap- plied to each of the volumes of thcficrcdfcri- tures. TES T A'MENTARY, t<i:y{ieftan:entayh^, Lat. J belonging to a will or tcUamest ; ia i!ie manner of a tcftament. TK'.STATF, Adj. \tcptui, Lat.] having made a will. TESTA'TOR, S. \uftateur, Fr.] a man who makes or leaves a will. TESTATRIX, S. [Lat.] a woman wli» leaves a will. TE'STER, S ['#, nxt'tte, Fr. this coin being probably didinguiflicd by the head ftamped upon it] a filvercoin valued at fix- pence ; the head or cover of a bed. TE'STICLE, S. [ tcfiicule, Fr. teftUulu^, Lat.] the organs of feed in animals. TE'STICULAR, Adj. belonging to the tcQides. To TE'STIFY, V. N. {tefi\Jicor, Lat.] to witnefs, prove, or give evidence. Aftively, to w itnefs or give evidence of any point. TESTIRIO'NIAL, S. [Fr. ufiomonhm. Lat. J a writing wherein a perfon's chara^tr is Aipported by thofe who fubfcribe ir, anJ which is produced by a perfou in his own fa- vour. TE'STIMONY, S. {teftlmomnm, Lat.] evidence or proof j an open atteftation or pto- feiTion. TESTI'LY, Adv. peevifiily ; fretfully. TESTI'XESS, S. peeviflinefs ; fretful- nefs. TE'STY. Adj. [r,;7jr</o, Ital.] fretful ; in- clined to anger. TE'TCHY, Adj. a corruption of tefiy, or touchy. TETE a TETE, S. [Fr.J cheek by jowl; clofeand familiar cenveiTe or correfpondencc. TETHER, S. See Tedder. TETRARCH, S. {utrarcha, Lat,] a per- fon goviraipj; the foujtb part of a province, TfciT84^RCHy, T H A TILTRA'RCHY, S. [utrarchla, Lal.]lhe iuiirvi.<!lion of a tii.rarch. IfcTRA'STJCK, S. [r£Tfla?-'X'v> G""-] ^" epij;ram compoild of four verics. 'l liTRJ'CEfY, S. [tetrkiiat, Lat.] furli- ncfs of countenance ; Icventy ; harltiDcfs. T£'iT£R, S. [tcter, Sax.j a Icab, or ring- worm. TEXT, S. [texte, Fr. tcxrus, Lat.] that on v.liich a comincnt is writicn i a feiitfnce of | jciipture, {o c.-.lleti bccaule written in ancient ! manufcripts in text, or a larger hand than I »Ue notes, which were written in i'mail cha- | ra/lers. " | TK'XIUARY, S. [texfuaire, Fr.] one \vi)o is fo well vcrlcd in fciiptiire, as to be reiidy in producing texts in his favour ; a book' which contains only the text, witiiout any foniments upon it. TE'XIURE, S. [iextus, Lat.]theaaof ivcavingwith icfpcifl to form, niatler, or flutlj difpolition or combination of parts. THAN, Adv. [thuuc. Sax.] a particle ufed aftcra comparative adjeftive, and placed before a thing rcmpared. 'IIIANE, S. [ih(gn. Sax.] an old title of honour, equivalent to a baron. To THANK, V. A. \thanchn. Sax. djr.c- ien, Belg. thanken, Teut. tb.iika, 111 J to ac- knowledge and exprefs obligition fo4- favours received. THAN'KFUL, Adj. grateful ; ready to acknowledge a favour or obligation., TH.-^'n'KFULLY, Adv. gratefully ; in a manner fhat acknowledges a favour received. THA'NK^LNKSS, S. acknowledoment of a favour received. THANKS, S. [fcldom nfed in the fingu- lar ; th. rkas. Sax. tiuacke, Belg.] a verbal iC- knowlcdgment of a favour received ; diftin- juiflied from n'rati^w.'e, which confifts in a deeplenfeof aravour received, ard a (trong in- clinatioa lo repay, or an actual repayment of it. THANKSGI'VING, S. that put of di- vine worlhip wherein v^c acknowledge bencSis TCCeived. THAT, Pron, [thata, Goth, that, ncut. of tils. Sax. dat, Belg. thad, Ifl.] the other, pppol'ed to .'<'.■; ; which, when applied to fomething going before ; w ho, applied to fome pcifon nieniioned before. Sometimes it is ufed indead of a whole fentence going before, to fave a repetition of the fame words. Fol- iowed by j"j, fuch as; that which; the; what was then prefcnt. Sometimes it is iifed to exprefs eminence. AVhen thh and that relate to foregoing words, tlh is re- ferred to the latter, ?mA that to tlic former. Jn that, is an adverbial expreflion for, as being. THAT, Corj. becaufe. Sometimes it is jifed to exprefs a coiifcciuence, indication, or ^nal enc.. T n E THATCH, S. [:!.^ce. Sax. dak, Ifl.] ftraw laid as a covering on the top of a hoiili;. To THaI'CH, V. A. ['.hafciaii, Sax.j to (Tovcr a Poof with flraw. To THAW, V. N. [tho'zv.jn, SzY..ad ibid- nar, lil. dcgc-r, Belg. J to melt after being frozen. Aiflively, to melt any thing frozen. TflAW, S. the fVate of a thing which melts after having been frozen. "" THK, AVticlc, [Jc,fco, Sax. de, Btlg,] the article d'lioflng a pariicuLr thing : when it is ufed before an adjtftive, it fignifies collec- tion or many, as the good ; the righteous : it generally occurs before nouns in the plural number: in veife, v^h'en it comes befbre a vowel, the r. is fometimes cut off. " Th' " adorning thee." CoiuLy. Before a parti- ciple of the prefent tcnfe, it fhows that it is ufed as a fublbntive: when it comes before ether, the/j and e are bcih fometimes cut ofFj as toother. THK'ATRE, S. [Fr. tleatrvm, Lat.] a play-houfe ; a place riling by Iteps like a ItafC. THEATRIC, or THEATRICAL, Adj. becoming a play-houfe ; belonging to the flage. THEE, the oblique cafe lingular of thcu ; from the. Sax. the oblique cafe of //!>;/, Sax. THEFT, S. [deofde. Sax. J the ad of felo- nioufly and unlawfully taking away another perfon's goods : Healing. THEI-T-BOTE, S, in Law, the abetting a thief, by receiving the goods that he Heals. THEIR, S, ["pronounced thare ; theora. Sax. ] them ; in their poircflion ; belonging to them. Ttcir: is ufed wben any thing comes between it and its lubilantive. 1 HEM, the oblique cafe of they ; from him, dative plural of he. Sax. THE.VJE, S. a fubjeft on which a perfon fpeak; or writes; a fhort efTay on any fubjed; the original word whence others are de- rived. THE'MSELVES, Pron. [the plural oihim and/cT] thofevery perfons. THEN, Adv. [than, Goth, and Sax. (^i/iT, Belg.) at that time ; afterwards, or imme- diately after any a(ftion mentioned ; therefore, or for this reafon. No^v ard then, at firft and afterwards. That time, when ufed after till. THENCE, S. from that place or time ; for that reafon. Though fom'^timcs it is ufed with from, yet the addition of that word is both fuperfluous and barbarous. THENCEFO'RTH, Adv. from that time. It fhould not be ufed \v\\.\\Jrom. THENCEFO'RWARD, Adv. on or from that time. THEO'CRACY, S. {thcDcreitie, Fr. &t®* and xpoleaj, Gr.] a government in which God is confidered as the monarch or fovereign. THEODOLITE, T H I THRvODCVLlTE, S. an Inftiument iifed i in finvcjing land, and taking heiglus and difbances. THKOLO'GIAN, S. [theo/gkii, Yi: theo- .'c^us, Lat. QisXoy'B', Gr.J a profcjlbr of di- vinity ; a divine. THKOLO'GICAL, Adj. [fheglogia/s, Lat.] belonging to divinity J divine. " THEO'LOGY, S. [th^dogh; Fr. emXoytn, of fls©* and Xo).'§><, Gr.j divinity; a faience whicli teaclies the knowledge of God and divine things. THEOiMA'NXY, S. fflso^a-mia, Gr.] a kind of divination by calling on ilie name of God. THEO'RBO, S. ir,orI>a, Ital. niork, Fr.] a large lute ufcd in playing u thorough bals. THE'ORF.M, S. [Fr.' be!»fr,ua, Gr.] a propofition laid down as an acknowledged truth. THEO'RICAL, Adj. [thori^w, Fr.] be. longing to theory ; fpeculative. THKO'RIS r, S. one who forms or main- tains a particular tiieory ; one /killed in fpe- culation, hut not in pra<flice. THK'ORY, S. \tf.Hone, Fr.] fpscuiatlon, oppofed to pra^'^icc ; a fyllem or plan. THERAPE'UriC, Adj. [iifanEv~ix'S>',] Gr.] curing difeafes. THERE, Adv. [thar, Goth, fhaer, Sax. dacr, Belg. ihr. Dan.] in that place, oppofed to here; an exclamation demanding fome- thing at a diftance. At tlie beginning of a fentence, it generally caufes tiie nomin.uive cafe to be placed after the verb, and is bor- rowed from /■/ y a, Fr. in compofition, it means fi)«r. THE'REABOUT, orTHE'REABOUTS, Adv. near that place, number, tjumtity, or fta-e; concerning that matter. THE'REAT, Adv. on that account; at that place. THE'REAFTER, Adv. after a thing happened. THE'REBY, Adv. for that reafonj by that. THE'REFORE, Adv. for that ; for this reafon ; confcqu'ntly. THERIVIO'METER, S. [ther»:cti:et>e,Tr. ^isfA©^, and [AiTpov, Gr.] an inQrument for Bicnfuring the degree of heat. THESE, pron. plural of 7'Lis. When op- pofed to rhaj'r, theje relates to the perfons or things laft mentioned, and thcfe to the firft. THE'SIS, S. [Gr.] a pofiticn ; a fubje^ to dispute npon; a propofition to be advanced, and to be proved. THEU'RGY, S. the power of doing fu- pcrnatural things by lawful means. THEY, in the oblique cafe tuem ; the plu- ral oi he and (he, THICK, Adj. [thkct, SaK. thkkun, III dkk, Belg. dy:k, Dan.] the oppolite of thin ; §rw& or dt^ii. GrcuC in circumference, op- T H I pofsd to flender. Muddy, or no* tranfparenfi appiitfd to liquors. Frequent, or in quick fuccefTion ; clofe or cro.vdcd ; coarle. With- out articulatcnefs, applied to fpeech. THICK, S. th:4t p-irt or time where a thing is thickert. Tkkk and thin, notwithltandin^ any obftacles, or inconveniencics. To THICKEN, V.N. to make thick o« clofe ; to cdndenfe ; to Ifrengthen ; to make clofe or numerous. Neuterly . to grow thick, denfc, muddy, clofe, or numerous. THI'CKET, .S. {thkctu, Sajf. I a clofe knot, or tuft of trees ; a place fet thick with bullies, THl'CKLY, Adv. clofcly. THI'CKNESS, S. the oppofitc of thin- ncfs; clofenefsj largcnefs in circumferencej groflncf';. THIEF, S. [■p!ur.ilf/;;V7/«; thruh, Goth. tl'kf. Sax. d'uf, i'elg.] one wlio privately takes away the property of another ; an ex- crcfct-nce in thefnuff of a candle, which, if negleiftcd, would fiion confume it. 'lo THIEVE, V. N. to take away the property of another unlawfully. THIE'VERY, S. the pra^ice of dealing. THIE'VISH, Adj. inclining to ffcil. THIEVISHLY, Adv. in a felonious man- ner ; flealingly. THIE'VI.SH.VES?, S. a difpofition or in- clination to dealing. TliIGH, S. {th;oh, .Sax, thko, la, dlo, Belg.] all that pait pf tlie human frame be- tween liie buttocks and the knee. THILL, S. {thUk, Sax.) the (hafts, or arms of wood between wh ch a horfe is pla- ced in a carriage : henc^; thVl, or thWur horj\ the horfe that goes between the fhafts. THI'MBLE, S. f Minlhew fuppofcs it cor- rupted from thu>nbell\ a metal cover which women place on the tip of their fingers to preferve them from the needle when fevving. THIME, S, See Thyme. THIN, Adj, {th'inne, ^i^,. thunner m.dunn^ Belg.] the contrary to thick; rare, oppofed to dcnl'e ; not clofe, or having large in terfticcs.j fmall, applied to found ; lean or dim. To THIN, V. A. to make thin or rarify; to make Icfs clofe or numerous; to atte- nuate. THINE, Pion. belonging or relating to thee. It is ufcd iox thy, v. hen the fubftantive is divided from it. " Tl.ine is the kintrdom.'* THING, .S. \S,iK.dir,^, Belg.] whatever is. Sometimes oppofsd to a pcrfon, itfijni- fies an inanimate fubflancc. When applied to. perfons, it implies contempt or pity. To THINK,, V.N. [prcter thought} tq confider any thing in the mind ; to reafon ; j to judge or conclude ; to intend ; to meditate, I To recollect or obferve, ufed uith upon he-. ! tively, to entertiiin in the mind, conceive, on j imagine, To think much of, is to grudge. Tjj \ti:nkjcornfu:'.\ if, is to difdttin. i ' THLVLY, T H O 'I'HI'NLY, Adv. not thickly; poorly,; cpplie! to the appearance of a perfon. I'l-irNNESS, S. the quality of not beinj; grofi ; not being of a good fubftance, appli- <ej ro cloth, &c. tenuity. THIRD, Adj. [thrldga, Goth. fhiiM:, Sar.] the next after the fecond. Ufed as a fubltaiice ; it implies the third part ; the iixtietli part of a fecond. 1 Kl'RDLY, Adj. in the third place. THIRST, S. [thyrft, Sax. dtrji, Belg-l ^he pain UiiTcred for want of drink ; want of drink. Figuratively, an eager or vehement defire. Jo THIRST, V. N. to be uneafy for want of drink. Figuratively, to have a ve- hement defire, followed hy after. THJ'RSTILY, Adv. dryly; wanting nx)i.'hir.?. THl'RSTINESS, S. a ftron;; defire to drink ; want of moifture ; dryncfs. THl'RSrY, Adj. dry J troubled with dvoiTght. THI'RTEEN, Adj. the number imnicdi- a'.cly following twelve. THI'RTY, Adj. twenty-nine and one. THIS, Pron. [Sax.] tliat which is now prefcnt, or mentioned . After Lut, the next and no more. Followed by a word dcRoting tirne, the lad paft. It is often oppofcd to tlaf, which when they refer to a former fen- I twice, this relates to the latter, and that to ^ the firft member. THI'STLE. -S. {tbijld, Sax. diefid, Belg.] a ptickly weed growing in corn-fields. 1 HITHER, Adv. [Sax.] to that place; to that end or point. THO', contniaed for Though. THONGj S. [tlwang, Sax. J a (trap of leather. IHO'RAX, S. [%«?, Gr.] the cheft ; ©r th.at part of an animal body be;Tinning at the ntck-bune, and ending at the diaphragm. THORN, S. [tharrm, Goth, thini, Sax. d»orne, Bc'g.] a prickly tree; a pricklegrow- ing on the thorn-bulh ; any thing painful and troublefome. THORNTON, [BonnelI,Efq.] The fa- ther of this gentleman wjs an apothecary, and lived in Hemietta (Ircet, Covent-^ar- cKi!; in which fituation he accumulated a very « iy fcitune. He ftnt his fon to Oxford, where he completed his education, and was otTigncd for a phyfician ; but upon the death «f his father, in(tead of purfuing medicine as a profcffion, he devoted his future purfuits to li.diiture, having, while at the U'.iiverfity, »a con^uuci'on with Mr. Colman, wrote thofe efteemed papers under the title of the ConnoiJJcur. He was the author of that truly ludicrous piece of plealimtry called City-Latin, a fcvere fatire upon the infcription on the #.r(l itone of Black-fryers bridge He has alfo given us an elegant vcrfion in Englilli of .tfcjc woiksof Plautus, and was theautiiorof T H R many humorous and entertaining pierres iB the St. James's Evening Poff. Ariout the year 17C1, he was in treaty with the late Mr. Ric!i, patentee of Covent-gardsn theatre, for the purchafe of thathoufe; but fomc dii?crcnce.; arifing, the bargiin was not ac- complilhed. He married in 1767, and the ^•e.-.r following paid the great debt of na- ture, much lamented by ail his friends and actjuaiiitance as a very valua!>le member of fociety, and an excellent comparrinn. THO'RNV, AJj. full of thorns, or prickles. Figurately, perplexed; not cafily adjured. THO'ROUGH, Prep, the word through extended into two fyllabies. THO'ROUGH, Adv. [this is always writ- ten with two fyllabies, but the prepofition in one, as through] complete; palling in at one fide, and beyond the other. THO'RO'UGHFARE, S. a pafTagc with- out any flop or let. THORP, THROP, THREP, TREP, or TROP, in the names of places, arc derive4 from thorp, .Sax. a village. THOSE, Pron. See These. THOU, Pron. [thu, Goth, and Sax. Ut Lat.] ufed when we fpcak to a perfon. When we fpeak to our equals, we fee you, like the French ; but in our addrefles and devotions, we generally ufe thoa. THOUGH, Cotij. [theah. Sax. tbauhy Goth. j notwithflanding that ; although. As thcugh, implie.";, as if. At the end of a fen- tence, it denotes however, eryct. THOUGH r, the preter and part. pafEve of Think. THOUGHT, S. the aft of thinking 3 an image formed in the mind ; fentiment j reflefticn j opinion ; defign ; ferious confi- deration. Care or fohtude, after take. THO'UGHTFUL, Adj. pen five ; full of thought; given io meditHtion. THO'UGHTFULLY, Adv. in a pcnfuc and thoughtful manner ; deliberately. THOUGHTFULNE S, S deep medita- tion ; penfivenefsj full of reflc£\ion. THOU'SAND, /\dj. [thufind, Sax. duy- Und. Belg.] confiding of ten hundred. THRALL, or THRA'LOOM, S. [thral, Sax.j aflavej bondage, or a ftate ot fla- very. To THRASH, V. A. [fometimes writte* thnjh, which is moft conformable to the ety- mology 5 thi-efcan, Sax. derfcka:, Belg.] to beat corn out of the chaff; to beat or drub. THREAD, S. ["pronounced thnd; thrai^ Sax. draed, Belg.] a fmall line of flax twifted} any thing contrived in a courfe. To THREAD. V. A. to pafs through with a thiead; to pieice. THRE'ADBARE, Adj. worn to the na- ked threads ; having no nap; worn out. THREAT, S. [from th« verb] the a^ of denouncing ill. 19 T H R T H U To THREAT, or THREATEN, V, A . tl'r-fjr is nfcd ci'^ly in potrtry ; thrtatiati. Sax.] to allure n perfon Df, or denounce, fu- ture evil; to endeavour to terrify by deiiounc- To THRO'TTLE, V. A. to clioak, or kill by (loppino the lireatli; TMROVn, prcrcr of Thrive, THROUGH, Prep. [r/W/6, fax, thahb, Goth. aV'v, Bilg. .Iiiixh, Tent.] from oncciiJ THREE, Adj. [the'), :bri, thrh. Sax. fZ.viJ or cxtrea.ity to die other; by means of. ' " ' THROUGH, Adv. from, one end, or 1k!c, ro the o'her. TROL'GHOUr -Brit, and Erfc .'-'./, Er. tra., Lat. rps;?, Gr.J t'.vo and one To THRESH, V. A. .^eeTo Thr ash. THRE'SHER, .S. oiiethdtthrefliesco.n; [vHtirelv. a Inifbandmnn. TROU'GMO THRESHOLD, S. [thm.-yjvald. Sax.] the e^'-'ry uheie. ground or ften ivider a door ; entrance, ''"" Trr'j TREW, preter of Throw Frcp. (.^ii'ue iliroiig'.i j 4Jv. in every part ; To TFJIiOW, V. A.' [prcter ci.yw ; p.irt. pafT. throiun; thiauivti, S.x.] to fiin;; or caft THR ICi , Adj. [tbng. Sax.] three times. | to a diffHnce j to,(ofs, or put a\v,y widi \x, Sometimes ftC before an adjcd^ive to exprefs '■ l-'ice, hafte, or ne^'i^erce ; to lay down care- the fuperlative J,'j:ree. It'ly, O"" in halTe; to caf* ; to fprcad ; $o tiira. To 'IHRID. V. A. [corrupted from To. '/j'ir<jvo7w_;-, to loic or fpcnd profiully ; thrcad\ to llide thioiirli a narrow pafl^ge. "o rcjetfl. L'dd wi:h iy, to rejedt, or lay a!^de THRIFT, S [from tl>\w\ profit j ihc r-'' '■■|'-lefs- ' ^fcd v.it'i ./i-yw, to oveiturn. ftate of acqiiiiing more; f. ugality ''\-"'^ with ej"i to expel, or r.jcO, orrenounc. '-'iid v.ith i/.r, to excit ; to diii..nce or leave lithind j to reject ; to emit Ufcd with 7.7:-, to ;efij;n angrily ; to emir or hnng up. Neuter TMRI'FTT'.y, Adv. fp.iringly j fi'unally THRITTINESS, S. fi ugality; Hiana^- ing with oecoiiomy ; fpariiigneA. THR I'F T Y Adj. frug il j managing with prudence ; fparint'. To THrULL, V. A. \tlyrl]an, .Sax. J/-/V./, Swed.] i<> pierce or bore; 10 affect with ;■ pierclnj; f<;nf.ition. N'eurcriy, to h ive the.]'.'.::- | '"'^'o'ent fJly. iity ot (.ie'cinij ; to pierce or wound tlieearl THRO'VySTER, S. with a Iharp found ; to facl a fharp tingling j''^''^^''-, !y, ro perform the adl ofcafiiu^ j to cart dice. Ufcd with aljut^ to try expedients. TJIROV/, S. a ca'lf ; 3 cad or' dice; the i"^a:c to which any t.'iiii^ iithrowB : an c!f jrc a t wilier of Hik or fenfation. To THRIVE, V. N. [prefer r/jroT'f. part- padl thr'tft-n ; f/rca, Sax.] topvofpcr, mcrcafc, or grow rich. THRI'VENG, Adj. profperous. THRl'VINGLY, Adv. in a profperous manner. THRI'VINGNESS, S. profperity. THP O', a contraftion of Through. THROAT, S. [th-cfe, t'rrcta, Sax.j the fore part of th.e neck, or pafTage for food and breath ; the m.d.T road of any place. To cut the throaty is to .k.:!! hy cutting the wind pipe To THROD, V.N. to heave at the brealt with forrow ; to beat or palpitate. THROB, S. a heave, or beat of palpita- tion. THROE, S. \ttrvivean,Zzv..'\ the pain and pnguifh attending the bringing a child into the world ; any great agony. THROiN'E, S. [throniis, Lat.1 a chair of ftate richly adorned^ and covered with a cano- py for emperors, king«, princes, &c. to fit on at times of pnbhc cercmones, THRONG, S. \thrat7g. Sax. from thrln f^an. Sax. ] a crowd or multitude preffing againfl each other. To THRONG, V. N. to crowd. Atflive- ly to incommode « itb crowds. THRO'NGING, Adj. crowding ; gather- ing together in great numbers. THRO'SILE.-S. [Sax.] thethrufh. THROTTLE,. S. [from threat] the wind- pipe. THRUM, S. [f.'-.-rvv,v, in.j the er.ds of weavers threads ; a.Ty coaife yarn. To THRUM, V. A. to grate orpliy ill on 'any muficul inlfrum.ent. _ THRUSH, S. [/.V//I-, Sa:i.</,«;J, Pol.] a tinging bird ; fma 1 round u!cer4tions which •ippeai in the mouth, diid by degrees atfecl every part of the. alimcDtary duel. ToTH.-.U.ST, V. A. [trr^to, Lat ] to pudi any thmg into matter, or between clofe bodies; to pulh or diivc with violence; to ttab. To comprefs, ufed with toj:ctber. Neu- terly. to wound with the point of a weapon; to fx^uceze into ; to thr.-)nc THRUST, .S. apufh. " THUMB, S. [tbt;,ra, Sax] that fiicrt ftrong finger wiiich grows on the part of tlie hand towards the body. TH\JM?,S.[th;?:h, It.il.] a hard blow given with fomerhing blmu. To THUMP, V. A. to heat with dull, heavy blows. THU'MITNG, Adj. beating ; Lrge and fprightly, appled to children. THU'NDER, S. [tlunaer, thtx.-r. Sax. tonr.cj-re, Fr. from fro, Lat.] a loud noife or rattling, accomp.micd by lightning;- any loud or tumuli uous noife. To Tl-IU'NDER, V. N. to make that loud and terrible noife attending lightning. Adively, to pronounce or utter with a loui noife. THU'NDERBOLT, S. lightning. 1 HU'N- '■ " 3M T I D T I M THU'NDERCLAP, S. an explofion of, time, or reafonithca'ternateebbingandflorr thunder. I i"i; "t tiie lea ; a Hood, ftream, or coiirlc. 'io IHU'N'OERSTRFKE, V. A. Tpart. TIDR'SMrtN, S. a cuftom-hi-ufe officer, nafl" tbu::c£:f.ruck\ to bLfi-, or hurt with light- put on bojrd (hips to prsvcnt fniuggling, or nin"- to terrify, or amaze by fome uiiexp^ifl- defrauding the king ot his duties. ed iti'. TI'DiNGS, S. [//V/.^s Sux tida.de, l^} THL''RSDAY. S. [th-.mrtfdteg, thffj.rg, nc>.vs ; un account of fomctl.ing thai h^shap- Sax. doHwr/i''-'?-, tfid I cut. dond- iiijgt Teut. per.ed. the thuiidcicr's day, i. e. Dks J'^yn, ' at. or TI'DY, Ad}, {t'ldt^ Ifi.] fcafotiab}e 5 ncat- Jupitcr's Div. 'i'bor was the ia^^ of Odin ; Uy drc/irJ. the month ot Marcli was by Irt-ndcrs n.tmed To TIK, V. A . Wu2n,ti^an, Si>:.] to bind from iiim 'lh?m,ijiv::, i. c. the month of [or fallen with a knot. Ufcd with i/>, tocon- TAf,-; thunder is H.kewjle called by them I fine or oblirutft. To oblige or conllrJa. 'Tbordam, i. c. Tfw's lound. And in the TIK, S. a fadcr.ing made by a knot ; a S^MOii homily, v>e are told, Thor eac a«^i bond or o'.iligation. c.iu'k,:n the haetkinimen lerenth f-withc ,, i. e. <■■■ 7L".r likcuifc and IVodci, whom the " heathen adore, or exalt with prailc*^." Bide sKccl. hift-J the fifth day of the v.cek. THUS, Adv. [SaxJ in this manner ; to lliisd<^rec or quantity. To IHW.'VCK, V. A. f.-i<:<.v/.-». Sax.] to TIF.RCh, S. [Fr.] SccTekce. TIFF, S. litjuor 5 drink ; a quantity of liquor for di inking ; a fit of pccvirnncfs i a pet. TIGHT, Adj. [J.cbt, Beli:.! clofe, or ftrctchcd hard, r>ppofed to loofe. Cleanly drciicd ; fomething Icfs than neat. Not leaky. flrike with fomcthitjg blunt and he^vy j to | applied to calks or vcfiels. bsat heartily. i 1 rCHTN F.3S, S. neatncfs ; (traightncfs. TILK, S. (r-!c, Sax. re^,!, Belg. tlulc, Fv. ^ leg'.Lt, Ital.] th'm plates of baked clay, iifcd \ in covering houfes. j To T ILK, V. A. to cover with tiles. I TILL, i>. a moneybox ot drawer. I TILL, Prep. \i!, Sax.J before or "after the prefent time. Tilt n^rw, U, to the prefcnt time ; till then, to that time. TILL, Conj. to the time or degree. To TILL, V. A-To'/w;:, Sax. tenLn, Belg.] to plow or manure giound. TILLA'GE, S. the aft of plowing and mani'.ring land, to mike it pioduce corn. Tl'LLF.R, S. a firong piece of timber ' 'Jo net, V.k contrailcd from Ent ice. ; fattened to a Ihip's rudder, by which it is mov- TICK, y. [perhaps contracted from tkkct, \ ed; a young tree left to grow till it is fit to fell, a tjHy on which del)ts were icored | fcorc orj TILLS,. S. a fortofpulfe. IHWACK, S. a blow given with fomc thirig blunt and heavy. THWART, Adj. [thryn, Sax. dwars, Belg.] acrofs ; pfrverfe 'J o TWaRT, V. A. to crofs ; to do any tiling in oppolition to another. THY, I'ron. [tr.hi, Sas.j of, belonging, or relating to thee. TKYIvIE, S. \_tryn!, Fr. thyi::us, Lat. a plant. THY' ASUS, S. [flypr®-, Gr.] the tapcr- in" (talk, or lt?m ot an herb. TIA'R, or TI.A'RA, S. [.-L-n:, Lat. thire Fr ] a diadem, or drefs for the head. truit ; the lice of d>gs or Ihcep ; tvom tijue, Fr. le'-e, Be!g. The linen cafe wlifcli holds the tcalhcis or fjocks of a bed. To TICK, V. A. to take on credit, or on truft ; to run in debt ; to trufi, or give credit. TILT, S.[f;Id. Sax. J a tent, or any cover- ing over the Irt'ad ; the cover of a boat or carriage: a military game, in which the com- batants thruU at each other with lances; a thru ft. To TILT, V. N. to fall or lean on one TI'CKEN, or TI'CKING, S a kind of. fide. Aftivcly, to ftoop, hold, or force on ftrong linen uicd for the cafe of a feather- ' one fide, bed. j TILTH, S. huft^andry. T1'CIv?:t, S. [et'iju-t-r, Fr.] a token ofi Tl'MBRi^.S. [tymbrian. Sax ] wood fit nni; right or cliim, at the dthvery of which j for building materials. ndmillion is granted, or the claim acknow- Tl'MBREL, S. [/)'»!/»j«a»i, Lat.] a mufi- ledgf'd, cal inttrument. To TICKLE, V. A. \thd':, Lat.] to J TI.ME, S. [r.Vw, Sax. :ym, Erfe] dura- make a perfon luagh by flight touches ^ to! tion confidered as (ct out by certain periods, p.cafc by flight gratifications, Neuterly, to j and nicafarcd by cert.-.in epochas ; fpace of feel a fcnfation wliich caufes laughter. duration ; intervals ; feafon or prcper time ; Tl'CKLISH, Adj. fulling into laughter j life j early feafon the hour of childbirth ; when fcjrce touched ; tottering ; difficult, or! the repetition of .-my thing j mufical mca- nice. I {iire. TID, Adj. [tyddc-r, Sax.] tender j foft ; To TIME, V. A. to bring or d > at pro- nire. . per fe.ifon; to allot acertain fpace for theac- TIDF, S. [tyd, Sax. /.rj, Ifl. and Bej^.la compliflnng a thing. ■ i TI'ME- I I T I S T O B feafonably ; oppor- TI'MELY, Adv. tuneJv. TI'MID, Ad. fr;>,;, fearful ; wanting coii'-. TiMF'Diry, S. \!w:idi:c, Fr. rUiJircs, Lat.j want of courage; fearfiilncfs j cowaid- linefs. •frMOROL'J?, Adj. [timor, Lat.] too much affccleJ with iear. Tl'MOKOUSWKSS, S. See Timidity. TIN, S. [ri>i, D^n. and Belg. zim, Tcut of /} a iium, Lat. J a metal of which I'ew.al do- nieHic iifcndls arc made. TJNCl", S. pf/w.', Fr.] a colour or fbin. Tl'MCTURK, S. colour fuper:,dca by fomci'liing ; an imperfeflfmatlciin^ of^n ait or icieuce. Jn Clirniiftry, a diflolution of the more relitieJ and voi^itilc parts of a body in a proper mcnriruimi "^TT, S. a fm.ill horfi- ; a wonmn. Tl'THABLK, Adj. liable to pay tit'ies; Fr. rimiilia, Lat ] j chaigc.ible to the tenths or tithes payablt to the clergy. 'UTHK, or TYTHE, S Itmi-.i, S:.x.] the tenth part of all fruits, Sic. ; i r-. eiiue piy- ablc to (lie clergy. lo 1 I rUE, V. A. to tax with the pay- ment of tlie tenth part. Til IL.VriON, .-;. a p'e.,fina fenfaiioa from the gentle touch of fonv: parts j a tii-k- lin;;. TITLE, S. [ritrc, of .'.v.'//.-, eld Fr. nu./usy L.it.j a jcnei^l iieai! cjmpr fin;.' paiticulrtis ; an appellation of honour ; a ninie ; the firfl page of a book, explcinin;; its fubjtfl ; a claim of riglu j an infcription. In C<.><n- mcrce, the ■ ptrfon's name .nt the top of a iolio to whom the articles contained ihercia btlorvg. To TITLE, V. A. to name 5 to cn- TI'NDER, S. [ymire, Sax.] linen cWh burnt to afties, ufcd in catchint; the fparkies ] noble made by (Irri^ino a flint and (Icel together. | To TITTER, Y- A TINF., S. [r. •!;;(■, HI. J the too;h of a bar- ; flraint, or foftiy to l.uii;h with re- row ; the fpike of a fork To TING, V. N. [tinKh, Lit. tincian, Brit.] to make a Iharp fhrill noife. To TINGE, V. A. Iringo, Lat. J to give a colour llj^htly ; to (lain. T'IN-GLASS, S. bii'"muth;a metallic fub- ftancc, fmooth, .md refembling tin Ti' 1 TLE, S. hi;, Teut.] a point or d.>t. TI' TTLE- TATTLE, S. [from lir and tattji] fmall-taik; idle prating. TITULAR, Adj. [tirubbe, Fr ]<nj >jing the title without the profits ot an ofifice. To, Adv. [.Sax. re, Bclg.J when it comes before a verb, or Leiaccn two verbs, it is a To Ti'NGLE, V. N. [rin^e/cn, Bclg.] to 1 fii^n of the infinitive mood, and implies that pcrct-ive a continued found in'thc ear; to feel the ftcond is the objcift of the firfK After an a fharp quick pain or pletfure. I adjeclive, ir dcr.otef t!ie <)hjc(ff ; fonittimts it TI'NKER, S. a perfon who mends old Cupper and brazen veflds. TI'K-MaNj S. one who manufa6>urcs and fells wares made of tin. TI'N.SEL, S, [etlncelle, Fr.] a kind of fhining cloth ; any thing (hcwy, but of fmall value. . TINT, S.^teinte, Fr. tinta, Ital.J a die, or colour. TJNY, Adj. [tint, tytid, Dan.] little; fmall. TIP, S. [t!j>,fi/>ien, Belg.] the top, end, or point. To TIP, V. A. to cover the head or ex- tremity with metal ; loXlrike lightly. TIVPET, S. [taepfet, Sax] fomething v.orn about the neck. To TUPLE, V. N. [lefel, old Teut.] to tlrink tocxcefs. Tl'PSTAFF, S. an officer wkh a ftaff tip- ped with metal, and who takes into cuftody Such perfons as are committed by the court, or by a judge. TI'PSY, Adj. drunk. TI'PTOE, S. the end of the toe. TIRE, S. {tuyr, Belg.] rank or row j a heid-drefs. To TIRE, V. A. [tirian. Sax. to make weary, or to fatigue. TISSUE, S. [Fr. tifan. Sax.] cloth inter- woven with gold or Jilver. notes futuiity, or fomething to be done, and is preceded by Jiil'. To and a^cin, ox to und fro, imply backward and forward. TO, Prep, cppcfed to y";;;;;, it nofc-c mo- tion towards, .''ometimes it implies addrefs, attention, addition, ftate, or place whither any one goes ; oppcfition, a.Ttount, propofition, podenion, perception, accord, or fitting ; the fubjeift of affirmation ; comparifon ; as far as. After an adjeftive, it denotes its ohjetft. Before fjiC, prtfencc. After a verb, it notes the obji-iff. Sometimes it implies degree. Before d.iy, like the Saxon, it imj-iies tiie pre- fent day ; bef<;ie mononj^ the day next after the prefcnt. Before Jiight, the approaching or prefent nij^ht. TOAD, [t^de, Sax.] an animal refemb- ling a frog, aud accounted venomous. To TOAS r, V. A. {rcf.ui- Lat.] to dry, or make brown by holding before a fire ; to name a healtli to be drank. TOAST, S. bread dried or made brown before a fiiCj a celebfated beauty whofe health is often drank. 1 OBA'CCO, S. [fo called from the iOand of Tobago, one of the Caribbee iflands iti America, from whence it was brought by Sir Francis Drake in 1585] an Amcricaa plant, well known. TODA'CCON'IST, S. one wbomanufac- IturM and fells tobacco, I ■? M 2 TOD, TON TOD, S. [tcac ka^r, Teut.] a bulh or t'nick lh;iv.tc. Ap^ilicJ lo wool, twciity-ciglit pounds weight. TOE, S. ya %!-<'. teev, BeiS-] the extreme j;.. i^nin of tiic t'tcr, anfweiiii^to the fin^ess of ihc liand. TO- ''~>. a ^rn/e of trees ; a place where a nrftiiage or houfc once llooJ. TOGt'IHttl, A.lj. : tagjithcrc, Szy..] in oomp.inv ^ ill i!,c Uiwc pl.-.ce, or time ; con- if^ii'ttl ; in cincerc T'>^e/4fr wi/t', implies .a Hale of mi>cfure or iihion vv-ith. ' *" ' . To TOIL, y. N. {ur:a:i. Sax. tiiykfi. Eclg. j to !al) 'ur AOively, to workat 1 OIL, S. labour; .tny net or fnarc woven, or meUicd ; from loili:, tr. ■'(H'LET, S. \:.i!:t::, Fr.] a dreffing table. . 1 Oi'L':OMi:, AJ.j. l.^bonGi'.3 ; making v.cpry. TOHE.'S. [Fr.l a meafure containing fix feet in length ; a f-thom. TO'KLN', S \ljL':ns, Goth, taat. Sax. /r-vv'-'w, I>^!,>V j a ftg'i or marlc; a mtmoiial or fiicou.liip. 'I OLD, "pieicr and p.Tt. pid of Teil. To TO'. ',!•:, V; A. to draw byde^irec;. TO'LEIV^GLF, /tdj. 1 Fr. tde>-eLuis, Lat] that may oi<' endured or fuppcrted 5 pailabie, but not CKCciier.t. TO'LfR \?'1_Y, A'd\'. ird .frently. T(;'L[iRAKCK, S. [Fr.J the power or ac> of abounJing or fuffering To TO'LERA TE, V. A. [lola-jtus, Lat.] ti f; Ifer or .i!Ijv without oppofition. TOLFRA'lION, S. \tcLrotlo, La.] al- loA;:iice gi^'vn lo foiiutliing not approved. TOLL, S [Sax. til, Bclg. toll, Brit. «/(/, D:ui.] a caft^>!Ti ot tribute paid for ihcpuflagc or goi.'Js. i o TOLL,. V. N. to pny money fi^r the pi!l';geof o'ji'Jn &c- to foun.i a beii. Aclive- ij'j to ring a beil. TO'LL-_^BOO Tlf, S. a pl.icc where taxe.s arc p.iid ; a pril'jn. i'OiMS, S. \ion:be, fcnihra:/, Fr.] a monu- ment io which the dL-<jd ire enclofcd 'i O.AIt, S. [Fr. T'.y.':, Gr.] a volume or boo!;. TOM, S. rr6':n.'. Fr.l Ste Tun. TON, or TUN, iu the r. rae.^ of places,' ■ .-we derived frori: J:in, Sax a hill, and ftgnifies a townj bec-.ufc t'ov.ns were tormerly built on thofe eminences. . Some indeed derive it 1 from tain, S x an hed^c or »a'l. row 6; S. [tcKus, Lat. ton, Fr.] a note,; (bimi^, or wliiiie ; ehrticity. 1 TONG, S [Sec ToNcs, though it is (bmc-j times written t-^n^w ; yet as its office is 10 cat:li or hold, it it;emi derived from the fame; original, and rtiould [>= fpelt in the fam;! THjiincr as Ti^g] the forked catcli of a| buckle. "^ ' j TON'GS, S. fit has no fingular ; tavg-,\ S;ix. arJBeig J ar. inftrumcnt with two k;^;,' TOP moving on a rivet, between which any thin^ Is held. TO'MGUF, S. \t!i>t^. Sax. tcngke, Bclg-l the moveable imifciiloui part in the m«uili, Tnd piincipal inilumif-nt of fr(ech or f<ninds ;in animals ; fpeech, or fiueiicy of words j a fmall point. To kold one's tongue, is to be jiil.nt. To TONGUF, V h. to talk or prate. TO'N'CUPLLF.SS, Adj. having no tongue. TO'MVAGE, S. SeeTuNNAGE. • TOMSUS R, S I Fr. tcnfwa, Lat.] the aft of ihit^.'i!!!; or clipping the hair. TOO, Adv. [to Sdx.j over and above; o<;rr-muc!i ; more than enough, or to exccfs \ ilikewife. TOOL, S. \rl, to'.l. Sax.] any inflrument : lifed by the hand ; a hireling, or one fci-vilcly [at theco.xmand of ano'her. i T00;H, S. Fpluril ::c:b\ toib. Sax. , rar.l, Belg.J the h".rJc(^ and fmootheft bones iofihebodv, formed in the cavities of the jaws, and fuljfervient to the clic'-v ing and e^.t- ing fo(>d ; a blade or prong of any bifid in- ! ilruiTtent ; the denrdbted or prominent part r>f a wheel, wii^ch Cjfrhes the corrcfpondtnt I parts of anoti er. Fi-jii ativcly, tarte. To-.tb '^ar.d nuU, implies wiih one's ulmoll vio- jlence. To the teeth, in open oppofition, or to a pe'rfcn's i'zct. hi fpte -f tie teth, nr-twith- rtinding thrct^or a perlon's utmolt opp'.fi- jtinn. Tv cajl in the teeth, '\s to mention by way of repn oKh . TOO' FH- ACHE, S. [todece, Sax.] a pain I in th^ teetli. I TOO'THLF.SS, Ad), hnvin^: no teeth. TOi', S. fr././, Brit, tcp, Sjs Belg. and Dan./6^;.^r,Ill.J riiehi^hcll part; theutmdll degree or rank ; the head of a plant ; a play- thing of a con'. i J figure, u fed by children. I Adjeclively,, it implies the uppcrmoft. " T:/ ! llones." Mox. j To TOr", V.N. to rife or he eminent ; 'to excel ; to do one's bed. A(flivcly, to cover I on the top ; ro rifo above j to crop ; to per- 'i'orm with excellence. j TO'PAZ, S. [To:^axe, Fr. fpa-i^eu!, Lat.] a precious lione of the colour of fine gold. ToTOPF, V. \i.U'-bif, Teut. toppctt, Belg. t-^t<er, Fr.] to drink fard, or to excefs. TO PER, S one who drinks hard. TOPH.VCKOU3, Adj. [of t(i;(>'», Gt.] ftony, fandy) or gffitry. TO'PHUS, S. ;;t=?;^, Or.] a gntty or f m4y mittcr con.:rcling on the fides of vcflcls iii w!ii:h mineral water.s have been contain - th: ttisalll) applied to lloney or chslky fiib- fbnc;s conc.';tei in any pjrt of the animal bod ,•. TOTICAL, Adj. [reTT®', Gr. ]rehting ta fonie general hsjd ; locil, or confi >cd to fome partlculir pLcj. In .Medicine, appLcd to a particulir p:;rt. ' ', TO PIC, S. {:rf\que, Fr.] a general h-ad to which otlie; thi.igs arc r..'"eireJj a lubjrft; thiugi TOR T O U tilings /;enerally applitj externally to a parti- jvex \vith impbitn'nity. cul.ii" p 'It TOt'OGRA'PHER, ?. onethat defciibes a pariifolar kingdom, coumiy, or pluce. > TOPOGRA'PHICAL, Ac]. [t<j,o£ra/.i'i-' |y«f, ^r I belon^'injj to top'»j>rapliy. ,■ TOl'OGP. -.VHY, S. [toi.o-jiiphl(, Fr. tn- po»rapl.ij, L ;t.of -row.^, and yia'^i, Gr.) tlie dtlcription ot a panicularpl^ce, kingdom, or caiiniry TO'l'PING, A'^j- eminent ; noted ; v.tjltl'.y. TO'i'FlNGLY, Adv. profperoiifly ; emi- nently ToTO'PPLE, V. N. to full forward, or pircli upon the head. ']"0'»'SY-TL'RVY, Adv. wiih tlic bottom iipwdrdi. J OK, in tlic compofition of names, im- plies a rock or liill j from icr, S:ix. TORCH, S. [tarcie, Fr. taaia, Ital.] a . wax iij.l^t bit^gcr tlian a candle. TOKK, prefer of Teak. To TORMf'l'NT, V. A. [tounnenter, Fr. to put t3 lon;^.ai)d exii'iil'iti; pain. Figurative- ly, to leazc with importunity. TO'RiVlt.Nr, S. a lalling and exquifitt pain TORME'NTOR, S. one tliat tortures ; IjJc ; weak UXVI 1 Y,.S. or morofencTs o: counteii.utov. 1 O'R Y, S. I ill Iiini, a l.ivatje] a peifon who pretends lo adhere to tbe ancient tonlH- tulion of the flatc, to the iipothdic hitrarcliy of the climch, and |Tofciii.s to o;>pofe the ipcrffiire^ of the whigs. To TOS*;, V. A. fprctcr and part, p.ifl". toji; tajj'cn, Belg J to throw or c.i(t with the !i.;!id , to impel or th.rj'.v with viiiencc ; to lift tip wiiJia fudden and violent mo:ion ; to a^iiiate, and nvikc reftlcis, Kcuteily, to Ijc in viokr.t iigitation. LTtd with up, \.o '^\\^g coin in the air i;i i>amiii.g. lO'SSKL, S. Sec TAsst L. TOTAL, Adj. [fr. icius, L^it] \vh(de or complete; all the parti t-keii together or un- divided. TOTA'LITY, S. f/c./m', Fr. ro'-r/.wj, Lar. ) any thin^ entire or undivided; l!ic whole ; a fum tot.il. TO'TALLY, Adv. wholly; csitirtly ; ut icrly. T 'OTHER, contraiHed for tic crier 1 o TOT TKR, V. N. [ta:aai, Belg.] to :hjkc ib as\o be in daisgcrof f.;lling.' TO' I TF.RING, Adj. ready to iUll ; fee- any thinj; that caufcs great pain ; one that teazes with impoitur.ititf, or caufcs uneafi iicfs by their bad conduct. TORMl'NTING, Adj. toituiing; put ting to great pain j teasing with iiriportu- nity. 'iORK, part. pafT. of Tear. TORNA'DO, S. (Span.! a hurricane or whirlwind. 1 O'RiMD, Adj. [torf:dus, Lat.] nun\hcd, or dcpiivcd of motion.' TORRtlFA'CriON, S. the quatty of being foorclied or paiched. TOR'K^:^'T, S. [Fr. toir.ns, Lit.] a fudden and violciit tlreani railed by fummei fliowtrs ; a violent and lapid current. i O'RRIDjAdj. f.rnde, Fr. tonidus, Lat.] biirninjj hot; pu'ching or iccrehing. TORRIFIKD, Adj. [torrcfaaus, Lat.] dried ; ro illed ; fcorchcd. To J OUCH, V. A. fpionunced tuc'.' ; from toucher, Fr. tat fen, Bilij.j to icich witli any thing fo that there be no, (pace between tlie thinji with which we reach znd that whlcli is )eaclied ; to come to or attain. To try, applied to rnctals. To affcO, to move, or melt. To form or deliricatc, apj^lied to thr art ofdcfigning. Toi:ifeft,5pplitd to difeafes. To lirike or foup.d, applied to mufic; To ait. upon orimpel; to treat of Jo aAiglu manner. To tfuck Iff-, to repair or improve. Keiitci ty, to join clofc toge;!:er. Uied witlj at to come to, or Itay at, a pLce. Ufed wiih on, to men- tion in a flight manner. To go for a very Ihort time. TOUCH, S. that fenfe «herei>y ue per- ceive the hardnets, rougJinefs, foiidity, and fuch other 4naliiies of a body; liie fcnfe oi^ feclinj; ; examination of mttals by a (lone ;■ I H telt by which any thing is tried ; proof j. TO'KTOJS.K, '>i.[t'.rtue, Fr. torttiga. Span.] ] power of exciting the alirctiotis ; the aifV of an amphibious animal, having its back c )Vtr?d with a ifrong Ihell, «t which the handles of lancets, &.C. are made, and its belly covered with a leathery fubfiance, of a yeliowi.'h co- lour ; but fomc are faid to live entirely on land, and others in water. To'RTUOUS, Adj. winding ; turning in aid out. •( OR ruRABLE, Adj. capable of being tormented, or put to pain. TO R i URE, S. [Fr.] a (late of la(ting and ex'iuifite anguifh, caulcd as a punifh.nent, or to extort confeffion. To TO'RTL'RE, V. A.{tortum, Lat.] to stf.(fl with lalling and exijuihte anguilh j to the hind on a mufical inlhumeiit ; afTciftion; a hrnt ; a flight elLy. TOU'CH-HOLE, S. the hole through whxh the fire is conveyed to the powder in a giin. TOU'CHING, Prep, concerning; wl:h rcfptdl, relation, or regard to. rOU'CHlNG, Adj. Caufmg pitv or fym- pathy ; lying fo clofe that no fpacc may be between TOU'CHSTONE, S. a (lone by whicl* mrtals ar* tried ; any ted. TOU'CHY, Adv. See Tecky. TOUGH, Adj. f pronounced tuff; toh. Sax. .'.-^i', l^ol.J not breaking wiicn bent 3 (titf, or 3 M 3 not T R A T R A rot d.ifily bent. >:ot cjfilv perfuatled, applied : thing drawn out to length; a treatiic or fiujU book ; from titiSlutui, Lat. TKA'CTABI.E, Adj. [iraitabU; Fr. tr^Pa- lA'is, Lat. j capable of being governed, manag- ed, or taiigln. FRA'C rABLENESS, S. grntlenrrfs of to pel ions. Not Cjlily bliten, or chewed, ap- plifij 10 food. TOu'GHN'KSS, S. the quality of not be- ing e.^fily bent or broken ; hard to be bit or chcMtJ TO'JFR'F,, S. [toupet, Fr. [an artificial i difpolition ; the quality of being cuiily manag- ciirlofhair; (he hiir which grows on the cd or "overned f(jrelu-;K«! turned !)ac.'c. TOUR, S. [Fr.J a ramble, or roving jour- r."y ; a ilto. TOW, S. [Sax. 'c^ve, Fcrf.J flax or hemp beaten and combed. To Tow, V. A. [rein, tcohjn^ Sax.j to draw by .1 rope in tlic water. TOW.VOt, S. [tciic, Fr.] money paid to TR.AOF, S. [trntta, Ital.] the exchange ofgo'ids ft'r money, or other Ci^i-.'ninditics. Bulincfs or employ carr.cd on in a (hop, op- pof'ed to the liberal arts, or learned pio- Kilions. The indrum^ncs cf j:iy bufincfs ; bulHe. To TR \DT, V. N, to trafTicor cxchanjic goods for money or other comino.iiucs ; to adt the owDcr o.-" a ground near a'rivcr for the li- } meiely for money. Adivcly to exchange or bcrty of rowiii" a vefTcl, or lo the owner of j ftU in rommerce. thi' hrtrfe*; eniplovi-d in to^viui'. Tll.VDiiSMAN\ S iployi-o. m to^viuj^ TOWARD, or rO^;^•\RDS. Frep. [/-- ii.".i>d, ft.ix. ".vai'th, Gotli.] in a dirc<f<inn, or nc.-r to ; uidi lefpcct or relating ; with tcn- d?'fy fo. TO s<> A'RD, (.r TOW.-.'RDS, Adv. near, in a (hue of prcpar.ition one who buys atid ftlls Ijy rcra.i ; a mechani<-. TRA'Ur.-WTND, S. a wind betwetn the tropics vtir.ch blows for a certain time to one point. J KAni'TIOM, S. [Fr. faJi-h, Lat.] the I iC\ of delivering accounts fio/ii jnonth to TO'WARI), Adj. ready to do or learn ; j moi'ih, without ».ny writKn mtmoiiais ; any tra t.ihlc. TO'WARDLY, Adv. read'ly ; orderly. 'J"0'WL^L, S. [ti:uv'!c,¥r. r:«:;_g/.';, Ital.] a cloth ufed for wiping the hand.-:. To'WtR, S. \tor, S..X. tJur, Fr. torres, If.il. tuirii, L-tt.] ahi'^h building raifed above tlic main body of an edifice j a fortrci's or citadel. '(o rO AVER, V. N. to foar, fly, or ri V rO'Wr.RING, Adj. foaring, riling, or flyh'rt hi;;'i. TOWN', S.\dnne, iu:i. Sax. /i_y,i, Bclg.) any collcifiioii of houfes furroimdfJby a wall, any colledliou of houfs to which a regul.i. market bclf^ngs, and which is not tlie lee ot a bilhop. Kiguiativcly, the people of any ca- pital city. thing deh\ered from age ly age by words, witiiuut wriiin;;. loTRADL'CE, V. A. Uradveo, Lat. ti\duirc, Fr.J to rcprcllnt fallly, as blamc- abte ; to calumniate. T R.VDUCING, Adj. caKiraniuting} flau- dcring; defaming. I RA'DUC nON, S tranflating one lan- gu.iC,e into luother ; det.nTiation. TRA'FFIC, S. [truijfi'iw, Fr./r,7^io,ItaI.] larj^e trade, or exchange yt commodities j the fubjcdt of trade. To TRA'FflC, V. N. to carry en trade. i'RA'GEDIAN, S. [t. aga-dus, 'Lzt. of T^a-/i)Jjf Gr.] a writer or aili>r of tragc- TRA'GEDY, S. [trj<je.i,(, Fr. tra^cedla. ■ TO'VVN.'^HIP, §. the extent of a town's j Lat] a dramatic reprefcntatioii of fomclcrious jurifdiftion and privileges. action. Figurativeiy, any mi>urnful or dread- TOY, S. [tcjcr., tK-jl-'fj-, Belg.j a thing of ful event, no va!i:cj a play-thing; folly; pl.iy, orl TR.-VGIC, or TRA'GICAL, Adj. [rra- ar.ioicu.'; djliijnce. Ls'''--'. ^'^^- trag-quc, Fr.] relating to tragedy ; To TOY", V. N. to play ; to Iport or dallv i monniful or di eadt'ul. airofonny; ' j 1 R.VGI-COMEDY, S. |rr^r|r,r(i<»W;V. Fr.] TKACv.. S. [Fr. iracda, Ital.] a msrkj a pl.'.y pjrtly tragedy, and partly comedy. Itftty wi'.'.ch a;-.y ^hinji abfenc may be difco vtrrtJ; af.ietfhn ; reitiains; haidiiefs for beads of draught ; l^rorn tiraj^'er, Fr. To TKACK, V. a. [tracer, Fr. tracc\ttr:, ^t.l. ; to fellow or reach by means of marks 1ft, or footileps. \\< aCR, S. {triK, olxl Fr. trateh, Ita! ] a nv->ik left by the foe: of lo.'nc animal^ lk9 on a TOad : a road or beaisn patii. 'lo TRACK, V. A. to folJow'bythc sharks left ifl ffifo' way lo iRAIL, \ . A..[tra'i:ici\ Fr.] to hunt by the track ; to draw alung^-the ground ; to draw or trace ; from treghn, Bclg. Neuterly, lio be drawn out in length. TRAIL, S. the fccnt or marks left on the "round by an animal that is hunted .j any tiling drawn out in length, or c'.ragging on the grouiid. rR;A'IHNG, Adj. hanging or dragging on the ground. To i RAIN, V. A. [trainer, Fr.] to draw TRACi.S. f/r,/f/*(j, Lat.} .>ny extended I a'vnjr ; to draw oreniicc; to draw by arti- pjrfatoi a fc^J^HOr {juantity ot hfid ; aoyjtic:, or tirata^em. Uled with en, to dra* T R A T R A I TRANSFIGURATION, S. [ Fr ] ch.'nce of form or nppenrancc ; the (Lite of ,i p* rfon or thin;> wlioic rppcarnncc is riimaikably al- tered for tlic better. ToTRANSFl'GURF, V. A. f frrmji- guier, F. I to elinnf>o form or apprnrance. TRANSFKtL'KKD, AJj.Jiavinoitsform or appeariuicc chanyej. To TRANSFl'X, V. A. [tra»<fx:a, Lit.] from one a^ to another by perAiafian. UfeJ with up, to bleed, educate, or teach by de- greei, TRAIN', S f Fr.j an artifice ufcd to en- tice ; the tail of r. I)ird ; the part of a gown that fweeps lichind along the ground ; a fc- Tics, proccf«;, or method ; a retinue or num- ber of follo'vcrs ; a protedion ; the line of powJcr which reaches to a min": yi :rjin of artilUiy is the cannon accunapan)iiij; an [to pierce thioiinh army. To TRANSFO'RM, V. A. \:rnnffon!,^, To TR AIPSR, V A. to wallt io a care- ] Fr] to change the external form ; to change lefs or lUniilh manner. | into^'me ether form. TRAI I . S. (Fr.] ailrokeor touch. j TRANSFORM \' FIOM, S. the yCx of TR.^'ITOR. S. \tr.7ltr,, Fr. fiom tiudi ;chanf?_ini> from one form inro anotlier. 'ov, L.it loncuho bcirays any tiiUj. I To 'tRAN'SFL'SK, V. A. \ r'-pr-ft-'ns, TR Vn OROUS, Adj. betraying ; de- ) Lat.) to ;>onr out of one veHel ln;o anotiier; ceitful. I to cominunica'c. TRA'MF.L, or TR.VMMFL. S. [mw- TRAN.SFU^ION, S. the . a of pom Ing /».././, Fr. ) a net in which buds or fiiU arc I out of one veHel into annihir ; communica- caught ; akind of Ihacklcs in which horfcsare I tion. Among Anatomills, the .irt of con- taijoht to p .ce. I veying the blood of one animal into an- To TRa'jMMF.L, V. A. to ratch or ia- j otj.er. tercept : u'ed with ,v^. I To TR ANSGRE'SS, V. A. {irtmf^rrjllr^ To TRA'MPLF, V. A. [trarr.['c, Dan. ] Fr. // jr/^r./7 j, Lit ) to pafs over or hcyondj pride, inioUncc, cr to violate or !ire.)k a law TRANSGRI SSION, S. a breich or vio- lation of a j.iw ; exceejing due biiimds. TR A'N .W !•: N' T. Adj . [ tranfum, l.at. j foon paft, of iliort continuance. TRANSl'ENTLY, Adv. llightly ; by the by to tread undtr foot with pr contempt. Neuteily, to tread qiiii-k and loudly. Fijjur.itivcly, to beat down wiih con- tempt, ufcd witii on, or uf-on, TRANCE, S [johnf)n pDpofet writing il rr./n/c, to a;:rce in etymology with f/j'.yt', Fr. trarjitus, Lat.j a (late of the foul, Mlicreio it is wrapt into vifions of future or cclellial TR A'NSIT, S. fcr^K/n/r, Lat.l in AOro- things, and tlie bodv feems infcnfible, i nomy, the p. '(Ting of any planet jufl I y or un- TRA'NQUIL, Adj {trancuille, Ff. tran- j der any fixt (l.;r." ^m;//:/!, Lat.j^uict orunJillurlK-d. TRANSI'TION, S. [ii:-inft>, Lat.] rc- TRANCH'I'LLirY, S. [trartjinUlu', Fr. ] moval, pallace, chance; the aft of p^fHrg trar.ju'u'ilus. i.at. 1 calmnefs, ftiUncfs, an un- j from one fuhjcifl tu anoilicr. difturbed (late of the mind. j TRA'NSITIVE, Adj. havinq the nower of . TRANS, in composition, is borrowed from | pafOng. In Grammar, applied to verbs which the Latin, and fiinifics over, Ixyond, through, fionify any action having an efteft on fon e or change of Hate or place. objeiff. TolRANS.A'CT, V. A. [ tr.-:r.fantnA TRA'NSI TORY, Adj. [ rrd;y7/t/rf,Fr.] Lat.] to conduft or manage any trcity or] conrinuing l);;t tor a Ihort time, affair ; to perform or carry on. i To TR.AN'SLA'TF, V. A [ rnT'Jla/as, TRANSA'CTION", S. a negotiation ; any ] Lat.] to tranfport or remove from one place biifinefs carrying on. | or pod to imother 5 to tnn.tfer or convey ; to To TRANSCE'ND. V. A. [r/^jn/VWa, j change ; to give the fcnfe of any bo k, or Lat. i to pafs, excel, cr furpafs. fentencc, in another lang-uagc ; from tranlh. TRANSCENDE'NCY, S. \ir,i.if;K,ier,f]a,\ter, Vt. Lat.] excellency ; furpufllng others in any 1 TRANSLATION, S. the meaning or good quality or perfec'tion. j fenfc of a book or fentence written in a TRANSCE.N'DE NT, Adj. extraordinary J , language rendered into another ; a removal admirable. from a place. In Canon Law, it i.'s the re- To TRAN.SCRl'BE, V. A. [/'■/in/'f/i^., ; moving of a billiop from one diocefe to an- Lat.] to copy any writing. | other. TRA'NSCkHT, S. [fjr.fcriftum, Lat.J any thing copied from an original. TRAiNSCRl'PTlON, S. the aft of tran- fcribing or copying. TRANSCU'RSION, S. the aft of run- ning or palling from one place to another. To TR/^N.SFE'R, V. A. [transfrro, Lat. iransfutr, Fj.j tocoti'/ev or xnake over to an- other. TRANSLU'CID, Adj. [tranjjuddus. Lat.] tranfparent. TRANSMA'RINE, Adj. [ travfrrannus, Lat.] from beyond fea ; coming from parts bcvond the fea. To TRA'NSMIGRATE, V. N. [irarf. m'lgratus, Lat.] to pafs from one country or place to another. TRANSMIGRATION, S. the aft of -; M 4 pairing T R A nafHiin; dntn one frnfe or pl.x-e to anotlicr. TRAnSMI'SSABLE, Aa'y c;ip?ble of be- iiip convcycvl. TIlANsMT^SrON, S. the a£> of convey- in" from one pirce to anotha, or dcMvering f;.ini one ])bcc to an..thfr. •jo IRANSMir, V. A. \t,:;.f!r:k:c: Lit. I to fend or deliver down t'loni one per- fo;i, p!icp, or a^e, to another. E I-at.] to pafs thrcnigh in vspour, or moi- rture. 1 RANSVE'RSE, Adj. [trj^fvcrfus, Lat.] in a crofs dire(ftion. TRAP, S. \trjff^.; Sax. trj/^e, Fr. traf- J>c.'tr, [ill.] a fnarc fctto catcli thieves or ver- min; a (tratat^eni to cath, or l-ftray lindwares. To TRA^^ V. A See Cntra'p. TliA'.'PING, S. [JeiivcJ, by Mindicw, 1 R.'NSMU' r.AUl.E, Adj. \ti\7n5 and I from (:^'.i/i, Fr. clothj ornamenti belonging riifaUi.'H:, Lat ] cipahle ot" being changed from (ine n~;ituri:. or fiihflarxc, to anot!;r.r." TR AN S.M'JT.i'Ti O.V, S. [Tr. ] di.inge from one n<;tiiie or iub!laiicc to another. To iRANSMU'J't, V. A. [fuir/mutMe. Lat J to change one fublbtice or nutter into aiiotii. -r. 'FRA'N'SOM, S. [tr.i!:j'a:nfl, Lat.] in Bviilvlir,;:, a beini goinp acrofi or athwart. 'jRANSPA'RKS-CY, S. fof tran[*>arc!i:. to a fdjdle j drcfs. T"RASH, S. [tros, Ifl. aruftn, Tent.] any thing woirhlcfs, or unwliolfomi" ;'droJs. To TRA.SH, V. A. to lop, crop, ox crufl). To TRA'VAIL, V. N. [trai-allh, Fr.j to labour hard j to be in labour. TRA'VAIL, S. hard labour; the anguift of child-birth. To TRA'VtX, V. N. to make joumics, Lat.^i tliat quality oFa body which rcudcrs it | applied both to fea and land, uluch wc fomc- c-ify to belten thiough ; fiec from ltd mcnti times ufc it in oppolition to -•cygi:, a word in ormivJ. I our language appopristed to the Tea. To TRAN.^PA'REMT,Adj.[Fr.] that which mu!;c j.juinies in order to hv'Ay curiofity, jr.ay be fccn ihioug!) ; cle-r ; free irom ledi- 1 learn tlie dillercnt m.mners of diffirent (tates, n;en's or mud. , ar.d improve tlie mind with fuch particulars TRAX'SPIKATION, S. a breatliing of. as arc r;0t to be met with in our native coun- vapijurs throu;;h the pores of the fliiii. j try. Acftiveiy, to pafs in a journey. To TRANSPIRE, V. A. [,r-«/>;r&, Lat.i TRA'VELLPR, S. one that makes jour- tearfi/'iei-, Fr.] to cniicin vapour. Ncuttriy,! nies or voyages, cither for profit or improve- , to be emitted in vapours j to tfcape from fc- ment. cic.-- to notice. 1 To TRAVERSE, V. A. [/ra^rr/VrjFr.] lo i RANSPLA'NT, V. Pi. [.'rrtn/-! to ciofs or lay athwart : to thwart of oppofej /./ji::;;-, Fr.j to rtmove and plant in a ncw! to oppofe fo as to anmi! ; to crofs or wan- phc--. ; der over. Neuteriy, to ufe a poftureofop- Tii.ANSPL.ANTA'TION, S. the ad of, pofirion in fencing, rsnwjvino; from one p!:!cc to another. j TKA'VES'l'Y, Adj. f'/'.^^O'?', Fr.] dreflcd io TRAN'Si'O'R']', V. A. [/,5r/;c;-.V/-,lridicul(.fly;builclMUtJ. Fr.] io carry, or convey by carriage, from I T" AL'M'A TIC, S. \T^!iv,ua.riya, Gr.] a one place to another; to carry into bai.ifli- 1 med!ci.ne good for tlit curt of vvounds. ment ; to hu'ry by violence of pillion ; toi TRAUMA'/ iC, Adj f Tjau.'/aTixo?, Gr.] put in extacy. i belonging to the cure of woui ds. TRAN'.Si ORT, S. a violent hurry of; TRAY, S. It^wed.] a (hallow wooden riflioi ; a rspture; a II. ip cmplo\cd to carry! trough, in whicli meat or Hlh is carrcd. foJ.ier , r,m:r.unilion, or warlike (tores, Irom I J RtiACHEROUS, Adj. guilty of de- cne pl.iL\- to anotlicr. fcrting or betraying. TRANSP'ORTARLE, Adj. capable of TREA'CHtROUSLY, Adv. pcrfidioufly ; Lei n J moved from one place to anciher. j clandcHincly. TRAK.SPORTA' ilO-^, S. carriage from ' TREA'CHERY, S. [tnckerk, Fr.] breach eve place to anotlicr j LaniflnBcnt for certain i of faith, duty or trufl. cn:r.e-. i "I REA'CLE, S. | pionounced /'/■(•f/? ; from To TRANSPO'SE, V. A. [tr6i:f{.Dfir,\:rladc,Yr. maLe, Belg.J a medicine com- Fr. j to put c;ich into the place of'ihelpoied of many ingredients ; the fpume of otiicr. TR Aiw.SPO'SITION, S. the aa of chang- inp^ the order or n'.dcc of lhli;gs. ^Vo TiXANSUIiS'l'A'Ni lATE, V. A. [/.•• ■■n'u'f!,w:tkr, Fr.j to change to another fub- liatice. lugar. To TREAD, V. N. fpronounced frrJ; preter trcd, part, pafl! ticdden ; trudan, Goth. tid,.n, Sax. t' edcn, Bclg. j to place the foot up- on anything; to trample in (corn or mjlice; to walk with pomp. To cofulate, applied TR.4N^UBSTANTIATION, S. f Fr.] | to birds. AcTiveiy', to w-lk upon j toprefs the dof^rnc of the Romifh church, wherein | under foot. th V maintain that the elements of bread ;;nd| TREAD, S. the rft of ftepping ; way, or vine are, in the f-.cramcnt, changed inlo thei path ; the cork's pait in an egg. ijal body and blood of Chiift. I TRL'ADLE, S. the part of an To aRAKSU'DE, V. A. ltiar.i anijudo, worked \v:th the feet j the jperm of; engine a cock. TREA'- T R E TRH'ASOK, S. [trd-ljln, Fr.] an off.ncc aj^ainfVthc cli{;nity and majcUy of a king or toniniunwcal'.h. T!lKA'SONA!?LE, Adj. traynous; lia- ble til lie conflnieJ, or interpretcc! trcafoii. 'I Rr.A'Sl'RE, S. fpior.ounccfd trejurc, wit!] tlie e (liovt ; //y/L'', Fr. j \vcjl:h or riches hoarded pp or accutBiil.T^cd. To TUK'ASUR:., V. A. to lioarJ, sccl-;- niu'.itr or an; ifs. TRK'ASL.RER, S. [tn/cncr, Fr."] ens who hiis tlic keeping and difpofing of the nio- luv bclonj;i{)j' to a prince, Pate, or company. lorii liiabTieafurer, an office; wlio has liic charge iiPd mjnai'cmem ot all ihc king's mo- ney in tlic Kxcliccjiifr. TkR'ASL'KY, S a place in xvhidi liches or money are laid up or arcumula(fd. To TREAT, V. A. [pronounced rmr ; tr-Atcr, Yy.] to ne;>olIatc or fettle. To dif- courfe oPj ufed with ou or vf^n ; from tri:fi», Lat. To iii'e ; to m;majje or cany oti. Neu- terly, to difc<^urfe oruifciils ; from tn.lir^ Fr. or trahtian. Sax. To c^rry c'n a treaty or ne- gociation, followed by 'r'itk. To cnteitain a pcrfon at a fexft TRE-*'!', S, an entertaii-mmt given. TRE'A nSE, S. a difcourfc on any fuhjcfl T RE' \ TMENT, S. I tra:Tv:ev.t, Fr.J uiagc TRE'ATY, S. {t>.x\ti\ Fr.J a covenant cr agreement. TRF/nLF, Adj. (fnil.,Fi:ri^Lx, Lat.] in jVIufic, fh^.rp, aprlicd lo fcnnd. ToTRh'BLE, v. A. [//;>/>;•, Fr.] to multiply by three ; to ni-'ke thrice as much, Neutirly, lo become thieerdd TREE, S. 'r.'wGoth ;.nd Ifl. r'-fc7y, Sax ] a large vegot blc, lifingin a fing!e woody ftrm to a ccnlidernbie he:,f;lit, and fprcading with fcvcral hnnches. Fipiiratively, any thins brancli'd o -t. TRE'tOJL, S. [tnfe, Fr.] three-leaved grafs. T RELLIS, S, \trei'A-s, Fr.] a flru<flure of iron, wood, orofier, when put acrofs each other like a iat'-ice. TRELLl'SED, Adj. wrought in the man- ner of a lattice or ^ratc. To TRE'.MBLE, V. N. [trmbkr, Fr.] to fliake or (Liver with fear or cold. ■J'RE'i^vlBLING, Adj. Ihaking or fhivcring with fear or ct.lJ. TREM/NDOU."?, Adj. [tnmendus, l.zt.'] afre<nine; with, or caufing fear or dread. TRE'MOR, S. [(remor, Lat.J a ftate of fliakingor tiemMn". TRKMU'LOU.S,° Adj. [tremulus, Lat.] quaveiing ; ihaking. T.'\EN, S. an indrument ufed for Oriking fiih r.t fca. - To 1 RENCH, V. A. [trar.de-, Fr.] to cut ; to cut or dig into pits or trenches. TRENCH, S. \t.ancbe, Fr.] a pit or ditch, ill iiortification, eaith thrown up to T R I defend foldicra in tiieir approaches, orto C'.i:ird a camp. TRE'N-dHANT, Adj. [Fr.] cu-.ting; inarp. •IRE'NCHKR, S. [trnu-hir, Fr.] apiece of wood ufed indcad of a pbtc to cut mtut on ; a tabic ; a fold; a f-iuare cap worn by (tu- dents in the uiiivcrhties. lo TREND, V. N. tc tc:^d ; to inclir.i to any particular dirciflion. 'I"RE'M:LE, S. \iycra':I, Sax.] any thing found. TREPA'N, S. [Fr.] an inf}iument by whicli round piicfs arc cut out of the (hull. A fnarc ; i'wnn I'kapanj, a pait of Italy, where our" (hip.<; being inlidioully invited in I the rcij^n of (;>_ E!i2;tl)Cti),. uere uujuJily de- tained. I ToTREPA'N, V. A. {mt-aner, Fr. ] to Ip.crforate with th.e trepan; to c.itth or cn- I fuai e. TRE'PJD, Adj. [tnfidui, Lat.] tremhlinT • 'cjuaKinQ Ut fear. TREPIDATIOXT, S. [Fr ] Ihaking lthrou[;ii fear ; trembling. I TREPMDI TY. S. timidity ; fearfulnefs. To TR[-.'SPAS.=;, V. A. [trej:^oJ]cr, Fr.} I lo tranfgrefs, or olfend by f>me injurv. Ufed with aga'inji, to enter a pcrfbn's ground un- l.iwfully. TKE'SPASSj S. [Fr ] an ofTence, orinjii. ry done another ; unl;iwful entrance on an- other's ^»round. TREiPA'cSER, S. one that cfflnds again (t the law; one that injuies another j an unlawful cnterer on another's oround. ^ TRE'SSR:!, S. [It has nohnguiar; /;r/i^-, Ft. creaia, Ital.j knots or cui Is of hair hang- ing down loofeiy. TRESTLE, S. [trejiiau, Fr.J the frame of a table. TRE i", S [perhaps from tiiu:, Lat.J an allowance made for the wafte or refufe of any commodity. TRE' VET, S. [driefet. Sax. trepleJ, Fr.] any thing Handing on three feet : generally applied lo an iron frame, on wliich a pot. Sec. is fupported on a fire. TREY, S. [/m, Lat. /;w, Fr.J a three at cards or dice. THI'AD, S. [tries, Lat. Hade, Fr.J three united. TRIAL, S. [from Trv] a teft or exa- mination ; experience; an experiment. In Law, the examination of a caule according to the laws of the realm ; a temptation, or ted of virtue ; the (fate of being tried. fRI'ANGLE, S. [Fr. triavgulum, Lat.] any thing three-cornered. TR1'/*NGULAR, Adj. [ frw WaWi, Lat.J having three corners j in the ftJrm of a triangle. TRIBE, S. [tribu, Yv.trlbus, Lat.] a di- ftln(ft body ot peoples. TRIBULA- T R I T R I TRIBULA'TION, S. [Fr.] psrfccut'on, i the catch by \vhich a muflcet is difchargCiJ. TRl'GON, S. [tr:goi:us, Lat. T^ij/ivcf, Gr.] a figure confiftinj; of three a-nojes j a triangular in Itnimtnt ufid in dialling. TKIGOXOME'IRY, S. [-rpiy^vo; and ,uET,-ov, Gr. ) die art of meafurini; triangles. TRILATERAL, Adj. [tns\a,i Juiercini, l^/r/y/ij, Ital. ] a quaver or un- Acflivelv, cTinrcfs, or vexation. !< TRIBU'NAL, S. [Lat. and Fr.] the feat of a judge: a court of ju (lice. TRl'BUNE, Jv. an oi^icer among the Ro- mans chofen by the people. Th; comman- der ij) u le.ion. TRinuTA'RY, Adj. [ulbutarius, Lat.] i Lat. 1 having three (ides, jjaying t;ixc.s or tiiliure. I TRILL, S TR I'liUTE, S. \tnl-ut, Yr.trlbMtuin, Lat. \ j dulation of tlie voice, piymcnt made as an acknowledgment of fub- j To TRILL, V. N. totjuaver, K'<nion. f° trickle, or fall down in drops. TRICE, S. [fuppofcd by Johnfon to be TRI'LLIOM, S. [i<illon, Fr.] ten hun- corruptcd frowi t>\i\t, Fr.] a ihort time, or an dreds of thouftnds oi billions, inlfar.t. TRIM, Adj. [gttrymcth, Sax.] nice or TRICF'NNIAL, Adj. [tric£nm.t!is, Lat.] I Well drellid. belvMiging to the teimof thiity-years. | ToTRlM, V. A. [/n«r.-a>f, SaK ] to fit TRICK, S. [rrerk, Relg j a fly fraud, or j out, or adorn ; to fliavc ; to balance a VilTel. <i.'strou< artifice ; a numbcrof cards confuting Ncuterly, to be in fufpenfc which to choofc cl of one played l;y c.ich concerned in the game, t^^o parties or opinions, and laiJtogctiicr. | ^ R IM, S, drc4s. Among Mariners, the To TRICK, V. A. [tncicr, Fr.] to idifpofition of the riggitrg, proportion ot bal- cbc3r,impofeon, or defraud j todrefs, .idorn, 'laft, and loading, v.hich conduce to make a or knot ; from trica, low Lat. a knot of hair, | ftiip fail failed. tt;:uj, Ital. '1 o perform by Height of hand. | TRI'MMER, S. one who changes fides ; TRl'CKING, Adj. cheating} crafty ; de- ;a pie:c of wood put in. coitful. TRI'MMLN'GS, S. ornaments to fct off TRI'CKIN'GLY, Adv. in a cheating, cloaths, &c. friuduleiu, and deceitful m.inncr. | TRl'MNESS, S. neatnefs in drefs; fpruce- To TRICKLE, V. N. [Tpf/iw, Gr.] tojnefs. run down in ftreams or drops. i TRINE, S. an afpecV of pbn.-ts pliced in TR1CK.S PER, S. one v\ho .cheats or de- [three angles of a trigon, fuppofcd by Adro- fr<!ikU; a wily and deceitful perfon. Ilogers to be particularly propitious. TRi'c.KSY, Adj. pretty. I TRlNi TA'RIAN', S one who main- TR1'J">EN r, S. fo/./t-nj, Lat.] the three-] tains the trinity of pcrfons in the God- forked fceptvcof Neptune, the fabulous god head. ntfhefea; any inftrument or tool, which has three prongs or fangs. TRI'DING, S. the third part of a tf.imty. TRI'DING MOTE, S. a court-lcet; the ctiUit held for striding. TRI'DUAN, Adj. lading three days. Oc- curring every third Jay. •!R|1 'MNIAL, Adj. {tricrmu Lat. [trKn- rd, Fr.J lalfing three years j happening every lliii'd'}ejr. TRl'FID, Adj. cut or fcparatcd into three parts. lo TRI'FLE, V. N. \tryfj=r:, BeIg.]to ace or talk without any weight, dignity, or snipoitancc. 1 o mock, or play the fool ■with, followed by TOiVi). To be of no im- portance. TRI'FLE, S. a thing of no weight, value, «r importance. TRI'FORM, Adj. [;r;/i;»wu,Lat.] having three ftapes or forms. To TRIG, V. A. [tihkr, Dan.] to flop 5 wheel i to fet a mark to (land at in playing atnliicpias, &c. TRIGA'MY^ S. [rpiy^fMa, Gr.] the crime of having ibtee hulbmds or wivfs. Fr.] a catch to TRl-GGSR, .S. [I'icjgf, hiAd tijc wheflofucaniJ" ge oa lleep ground ; I failure ; a thoit voy TRI'NITY, S. [trrkf, Fr.] the incom- prehenfible union of the three pcrfons in the Godhead. TRI'NITY-HOUSE, S. a corpor.tion of fea-faring men, wlio have the luptrinrendence of;ea-marks, pilots, and other matters be- longing to navigation. TRI'NITY ^SUNDAY, S. the firft Sun- day after Whit-bunday. TRI'NKET, S. 3 toy; a Ihowy ornament, worn chiefiy by women. TRINOCTIAL, Adj. [tnnoSIlalh, Lat.] confifting, or having the continuance of three nights. IRIVO'MIAL, Adj. [triromlus, Lat.] having three names. TRiO'NES, S. in Alhoncmy, aco*flella- tion of fevcn ftars in Lrfa Minor, called Charles's Wain. To TRIP, V. A. {tnj:fen, Belg.] to throw down by fSriking the feet from the ground with a fudden blow, ufed >*ith :./>. To catcii or detcift. Neuterly, to Lll by nip- ping the feet j to fail, <?rr. or be deficient j to tumble; ti^^run on tiptoe, or lightly j to take a Ihort royage, 'I RIP, S. a droVe by whie-h a perfon's :ieels are kicked ii!>: a llumi^le ; a millake or ge or journey. TRIFA'R- T R I T R O TRIPA'RTITE, Aiij. {tnfartUus, Lat.] j TRI'UMPH, S. [triumplw, Lst. trkmple, Jividcd into three parts, or made by three j Fr. I the pompoii'i procclTlon with which a purtics. j victory ii celebrated ; the Itate of being vie- TRIPA'RTITION, S. the aft of dividing! toiious ; vidory. by thiec IRIPK, S. [Yi\ tnj^a, Iial. and Span. J the intelUncsor guts. TRIl'tl A'LOUS, Adj. fr-ijand Trsra- Aiv, Gr^ j coiifilhng ut three leaves. TRI'I'HIONCtUE, s. ill Grammar, three vowels making l.utonc (oun<i. TRIFLE, Adj [Fr. //-.■/./..v, Lat. J three- fold. - • To TRIPLE, V. A. U'ibLr, Fr, trifi/karc, Lat.j to mulie three-fold j to multiply by thtce. TRI'PLET, S. three of a kind j thice vcffcs ending in the fame rhime. TRl'i'DCA i E, Adj. [triflk^tus, Lat.] To 1R^UM.^^H, V.N, [trhrrpZ-e, Lat] ti:t:}):pbcr, tr.] to celebrate a vidtory witli pomp or joy to obtain a viilary. 7'o triumph c^.v , to iiifult an account of ibme advantage gained. • TRrUMPIIAL, Adj. [tncmf'i.'a!, Fr, trt- unijihiilis., Lat.) beionoing to a triiimpli, TRI'UMViR, S. I Lat. I one of the three ufiirpers that govcriH'd ancient Ronic, and were filled tiiunuiri. TRl'UMVJRATE, .S. [triunwat, Fr. trium-viniui, Lat.] a governmct>t by three pcrftjns ; the g.-ivcmmcnt of ancient Rome by the triumviri or three ufurpcrs. rRl'L'NE, .S. [irom :rc:. in vnc, Lat,] three-fold. Triplkate idiio, in Mathematics, | term to esprcfs the unity of the Godhead is is the ratio of cubi-s being geometricjlly pro- portijnal, the ratio of tlie rirll to the lalt be- ing triplic;itc <if the fird to tiie fecond, 'l RIPLICA' riON, S, the act of making three-told, or taking any quantity or number three times IRirLI'ClTY, S, {triflkUc, Fr.] the quality of being three- fold. Among altrolo- gers, the divilion of the hgns according to the numiier of ti.e elements, allowing three ligns to each divilion. TRl'J'LY, Adv. in a threefold manner. TRl'POD, S, [/ Ipcdlum, Lat.] a thrce- footcd-ltool. TRl'POLY, S. a ftone ufed in polilhing jewels and mctais. TRIPPING, Adj. (tumbling; fanltering. .Figuratively, deviating from the rules of cha- ftity. TRIPUDIA'TION, S. [tripudrum, Lat.] the act of dancing. TRl'REME. S. [trhcmhy Lat.] a galley having three rows of oars on each fide. TRI -Y'LLABLE, S. {tiijyuaLui, L^t.} 2. word confiliing of three fyiliblcs. TRITE, .-tdj. [triti.Sy Lat.] worn out, ftale ; common. TRI'TE>-F,SS, S. commonncfs; Ralcnefs. _ TRI' 1 HEISTS, S. fT^;JETa,, Gr.j here- tics holding three d:!ti!i(ft Godheads. thiee pcribns. TRO'CHEE, S, S'.roch^us, Lat, Tfox^i-.i, Gr.] m Grammar, a toot in Greek and Latin poetry confilting of two Syllables, thcfirft long and ilic other Ihort. TRO'CHINGS, S. the fmall br.-.nches on the top «*f a deer's head. TRO'CHLE.A, S. is one of the fix mecha- nical powers, commonly called a pully. TRO'CHOLLS, S. fot 'rpo;yc«, Gr,] thn part of mechiuics that treats ot ciiCular mo- tion. TRO'CHUS, S. [rpexT, Gr.] a wheel ; any thing round. TRODE, preterof Treai>. TRO'GLODYTE, S. [Gr.] one who in- habits caves of the earth. To TROLL, V. A [trdUn, Belg,] to roll, or move circularly. Neuterly, to move, or run round ; to filh for a pike with a rod which has a pully towards the bottom. TRO'LLOP, S. [See Trull] a woman who diefles flatternly. TRO'NAGE, S, the aft of weighing wool in a public market ; the toll paid for weigh- ing wool. TRO'NATOR. S. an officer appointed to weigh all the wool brought into the city of London . TROOP, S. ':iroupe, Tr.troppa, Ital. troopf. TRI' ; ON, S. [Fr.j a fabulous fea-deiiy,] B?lg. .'riyS, Swcd J a company or number of faid to be Neptune's trumpeter ; a vane or weather- cock. To TRITURAT!:, V. A. [trkurer, Fr.] to pulverize, to reduce to a powder. TKITURA'TION, S. in Pharmacy, the aft of pounding in a mortar. TRI'VET, S. SeeTHEVzT. TRI'VIAL, Adj. [Fr. crhLii;!, Lat.] vvorthlefs; trilling j of no weight or im- portar.cc. TRI'VIALLY, Adv. inamean, worthlefs, or trifling manner. TRIVIA'LNESS, S. meannefs j worth- leflhefs ; tnfllng:u-fs ; of r.o weight or impor- tance. people col Icfted together j a fmall body of horfe or dragoons, ufually 50 commanded by a captain. To TROOP, V. A. to flock or gather to- gether ; to march off, or run away. TROO'PER, S. a dragoon; a foldier that fights on horfeback. TROPE, S. [trope, Fr. trcpus, Lat. TpoTrof, Gr.] a rhetorical figure, by which a word is ufed in a fenfe different frorri its primary fig- nification. TRO'PHY, S. [tropaum, trophau-m, Lat.] arms, or Icmethlng elfc taken frcm a van-' tjuiihcd T R O qvnftied enemy, and exhibited as a teltn rf r'Kiory. Tto/^Y-m^fy, is a tax anmjrilly puid by ho life- keepers, or landlords, fordrurrs, co- lons, &c. ior their refpcctivc companxs of militia. TRO'PIC, S. [fop:^ve,Tr.ofrpt'^a.',Gr'l in Adronomy a ciirlc of t!ie fplure, paialkl lathe equi'.ioifiiil line, and dilt<-in f.oui it sboirt 23 dcj;. 30 min. to whieli wlici) the fun aiTivcs, he returns a^ain towards the equator. 'T'hv-r:: are two tropics, -ciz- the 'Jr.i^ie of C^r.ccr, wliirh is ih.it towards x'. e ariic 01 north pole, fo called from Cir.tcr, rlic lion of the ecliptic the fun is in when it comes to this ciiclecn the 2 i fl cf June, v. hen our day i? 1 np.ctl ^nj n!<;lit (hortefi .* v.v.d 7rc;i: oj Cjpnr.m, which ii towards the antartic, 01 fouth pole, fo called f:om C.p;ico:T, the fi^n ihc iwn is in vihci he comes to this circk on the 2'ft of Dccemher, whiih makes our thortcfi duV and longetf ni,i>ht ; fo that they Ere the limits of the fun's motion towi;rds the jionh and i'eiuh. IRO'PICaL, Adj. rheto.ically clian!>ed from its oiii;iiial Hieaning. Placed near, or ' bet'Toinj; to, the Tropick. TROPOLOGICAL, Adj. [i-fOTtoMyiy.o;. Cir.] btlonoing to tropology ; nu,ral. I-RO'POLO'GY, >. [Tf(.iio>.oy,a, G/.] a moral d'.fcoiu-fe delivered in tropes or fi- gures. TRCSSERS, S. \tro!'JJh, Fr J ufed by ShaRffpear for breeches, or h.ofe. To TROT, V. N. \tyot^er, Fr. trr.:tcn, ^..l<r. I to move with a hi^h jclting pace ; to ^A faff. 'i"R() r, S. the jolting pace of a horfe. la l:w l^n^iia- e, s f<)rry old woman. TRoVii, S. [troutb, oUEng.treoth, Sax.] m.th TROTTF!^, S. the foot of a (heep. To Tl< GC'BLF., V. A. [pronounced trub- £L- ; irom tixuHcr, Fr.] to didnrb. perplex, afilir, z i-vc, diCrcfs, or make uneafy j 10 fue fof a di'bt. TKO'ii'HLF, S. fFr'.j a date of perplex'ty, ^Tflt-c-fs, i'lH cVioij, or uneafinefs. 'jRo'UBLFSOMF, Adj. caufing pcr- fTexiiy or f:iii^ uc, IVom its difticuhy or va- rietv. 'rRO'^'"FR, S. \rrcn'!,»; Fr.] in Law, an .-(fiion 3 pcrfon has againlt one who, having J< i:nd roods, refufei to deliver them to the t,uncr upon I'emind. IFOLG.R, S. fpronornced trrjf; from ine. Huh, Sax. fruJgo, Ital.] any vellci of greater length than breath, having the upper lide open. T)--:iH> of a fea, among Mariners, the hollow between two waves. ToTKOUL, V. N. [tioHat Belg.j to «nve or uttii qiiicklv.' To TRdT.iNCF, 'v. A. [i'wm treiuor, Fr, according to Skiunerj to punifii by an in- T R U diriment or information ; to harr-.Ts ; to bob. ble or cheat. TROU'SE, or TROU'SFRS, S. \tr:r'lP, Fr. rr:.:-Jh, trfe] the long loofe breeches «orn by failois. TROUT, S. adelicafie fpotted fifh, living in brooks 01 dreams. Ufed familiarly to liq- uify an honeft, or perhaps a filly fel!ow. i o TKO W, V.N. [ tnctLidi:, Sax. true, Dan] to think or imagine. lu TROW, Adv. trulv. TROWEL, S. [*;•«<-//,-,' Fr. 1 a tool ufed by mafoHS aijd Lrict.la}ers for fpreading mortar. , TROY-WriGHT, S. ji weight of 12 ounces to the pound, ufed in weighing gold, drugs, &c. 'I RL 'ANT, S. [ trtianii, old Fr. treuioam, Bfig.] one who wanders aliout idly, and ncg- hCis his duty and bnfmefs. T; f/.ty ttg tiuant, is to be abfeiit from fchool without leave. TRUCF, S. [trcgua, Ital. tnnr, old Fr] a cefI.".ilori from hofiiliiies for a certain time. TRUCIDA'TION, S, ca.-nagc ; but<^her- ing; cruel murder. To TRUCK, V.N. {tioqvir, Fr. trucc.irc, Ital. trccjy. Span.] to give one commodity or- thing in exchange for another. TRUCK, S. exchange ; wooden wheels for carriage r.f cannon ; from Tfo;^''?, Gr. To Ti<U CKLE, V. N. rTf'o;:^.'xjov. Gr.] tofufemit, yield, or buckit to. HMIUTKLE, S. a little running wheel. TRU'CULENT, Adj. (lein, fierce, or cruel To TRUDGE, V.N. [tniggiclarefV.zX.l to travel or jog on heavily. TRUE, Adj. [tix^nvc, tn.^i'a. Sax.] agree- ing with iadt, or tjie nature of things. Ge- nuiiie, oppofcd to counterfeit. Faiihful, exadt^ honclL '1 RUF-PE'NNY, S. a familiar exprefiloii for an honeft fellow. iRU'FFi-H;, S. [tn'.ffe,YT.] an exquifiie rcot, ufed in fauces. TJ'.ULL, is. \truUa, Ital.] a low and mean. pvoUaute- TRli'LY, Adv. faithfully ifince'ely. TRUMP, S. [trrmfe, Eelg. ar>d old Fr. trar.ha, Ita!.] a trumpet; a card of the fame forr with that which is lumetl up, which will win ar.y card t)f another fort, and isthenefoie derived from, and ufed formerly to be written 'tr'.i.vij^h. To flit to the trumps, to reduce t» great extvcmities, or to be put to the lall cx- Ipcdient. To TRUMP, V. A. to forge I TRUTvIPF'RY', S. uleleft and o'lentatious fhew; paltrv fluff. TRU'MPET, S. [t'-cmfsttc, Fr. and Belg.] alon-T wind in!trume:it. Figur.nively, one wh.clouiias a trumpet. IRU'iMFE- TUB TRU'M PETER, S. one who blows or fbunJs a fnimoet. TRUNCa'TKO, Adj. ffn/v'^!!,', Lat.] cut ftioit ; deprived ot a lirni) ; aiLiimed. TPvU'NCHKON, S, U'-cr'c:!i,Vv.] a fhort ftaft'or cudj;cl ; a ftdf? bornt by i prneral ot- ficei- ; a thick Ihort worm bred in the uiaws ofhrr'es. To TRirNDLE, V. A. and N. [tront^e'^r, Picard. trcrJel, Sax. a bowlj to roll o-; bowl aloii?. TRUNK, S. [tr'^nc, Fr. tnc-.cus, Lat.] t!ie body of a tree ; ilie body ot' an aniiiiiil ; tiie main body of any tliinjj ; a ciieft coir.monl) lined with paper, nfcd for clo.iths ; the |iro- bofcis of an eleph,int 3 a lon^ tube ; from iioirfie, Fr.- TRU'NN'IONS, S. [trc^mns, Fr.] the knobs of a gun', by whkh it isfuppoited on its carriage. TRU'SrOM, S. [iniJ::, Lat.J t!ie ufl of thruiUng or pufliing. TRUSS, S. [tronffcYr.] a banJaf^e ufeJ in ruptures j a bundle of any thing thrult clofe together. 10 TRUSS, V. A. [frc^pr, F.-.] to p.-:ck up clofe together ; to fit a fowl for the fpit. TRUST, ?. Ur<juft, Rim.] reli.vice on another; confident opinioji of any event; credit j Ibmethinij committed to ,i peribn's charge. To TRUST, V. A. [trvplan. Sax. tra- ivcn, Teut.] to place confidence in, to believe; to let a perlun h^ivc a commodity without pre- fcnt money ; to commit to a neiTon's care. Neuterly, to be cosifiJcnt of fomethina fu- ture ; to rely upon ; to expccfl 3 (ollowed by to. TRUSTE'E, S. one to whom any thino Is made over or beqiuthed for the nJc and bene- fit of another ; a gu:'.rdi.'in. TE-USTI'NESS, i. [t.eipd, Sjx.] faith- fulnefs ; fidelity. TRU'S TY, Adj. fit to be relied on, or corifided in. TRUTH, _S. [tlreoivtha, Sax.] the join- ing or feparating of figns, as the things lijni- fied 3j>ree or difagrec ; conformity of words to thoughts or fa^s ; fidelity; hone.ly ; re- ality. To TRY, V. A,, [trier, Fr.] to examine or makcan experiment of ; to experience ; to examine as a judge ; 10 bring before a court of jultice ; to bring to a decifion, followed by tut ; to bring to the telt ; to attempt. Neu- terly, to endeavour. TKY'aL, S. .Sec Trial. TUB, %\tailc, tuhbe, Belg.J a iarga round open velfei of wooJ, the parts of which are held together by hoops. TUBE, S. ( Fr. tubus^ Lat.] a pipe, TU'BERCLlii S. Uubtrciile, ifr. tuUn T U M hnn. Lit,] a fiwiill fwelling or excrefcenci ' ' pimple. rU'BEROSF, Adj. {tuherof«!^, Lat.] full of knots, bunches, orbiar.ches. TU'BEROSITY, S. \tub':,-rf.ta;, Lat. J knortinefs; a protuberance of iome pjru of Uie body. TU'BUL.^R, Adj. long and hollow; re- fcmbling a pipe. 'lU'BULE, S. a fmall pipe, or fiHuLr body. TUCK, S. ["f.vira', Erit ] a long nirrr^ov tword ; a kind of net with a narrow mcih, and along bunt in the middle. loTUCK, V.N. [tfuchn, Teut.J uftd with v/', to cruih together or. hinder from rp.eading ; to turn and faflen c'caths up, to make them (hotter. U.'cd with in, to force the ;)cd-cIoaths bet^veen the bed and bcdllead, to keep out llie air. ; 1 U'CKK.R, S, a Ijorder of linen or Lceon die hofom of a (hift ; a fuller of cloth. TUE'SiJAV, S. [t7vefd^<r. Sax. tiffJa^, Dan. d:-:::f}.ig, Teut. dhrjiiciv, Belg. 'T'his Wormiusand Marlhal dtrive^froin TUfi, or /.'/}<7, the wife of Toor ; but John Ton derives tuejdag. Sax: from twv, SaX. Mars] tlie third day ill the week., rUFT, S. (f/r;,v,' Fr.ja number of thre ids, ribhatnls, flowers, leivcs, or any fmall bodies [joinedtjgether; ciuder. To TUO, V. A. \vga', tengary'i,-\Y..'\ to Ipuilwitli continued violence or ftrength ; to pluck. Neuterly, to pull hard ; to la- boyr. TUG, S. the aft of pulling with theutmoft .ind continued eribrt. TUITION, S. \tuiuo, Lat.] the c.ire of a gu-irdian or tutor. ^TUL1P,S \;.ulipc, Fr. tuUpa, Ital.] ab:-au- tiful well known Hjwer, originally brought fiom 'i'urky. To TU'RIBLE, V. N. {v.-nn-jtkn , Belg. t-Milolare, \ix\. tombcr, Fr.j to tali fuddenly on tl-.e ground ; to fall down ; to play tiicks by putting the body into difPerenc po.lures. Ad'tivily, to ti4|-n over in a con- Uifcd manner ; to throw down by chance or violence. . TU'MRLE, S. af.dl. TU'MBREL, S. one who puts his body into different poltures, and performs feats of adtivity ; a fpecies of thepigcon ; a drinking vellel. TU'MBRrL, S. homlenau, Fr.] a dung- cart ; a ducking- Uool, TUMEtA'CMON, S, afwelling. ToTU'MEFY, V. A. to fweli j to have the appearance of a tHrtior. ' TU'MJD.Adj. [r-mJus, Lat.J fwollen j puft up. Affwdiedly lotty, applied to ftyle. TU'.VIOR, i>. (Fr. tumor', L&t.\ a difeafe in which the p;;itslore their natural ftate by a i;reat T U R T U R gre.1t increafe of their fize ; a fwelling ; af- jtciteJ pomp or greatnefs. TUM U LA'TION', S. the ad of entomb- ing, binrying, or intering. TU'MULT, S. [tuTm<itc, Fr, tumulsu^, Lat.] ;i factious ard clamorous aflembly of thcniul- titude i a riot ; a con fu fed hurry. TL'MU'LTUOUS, Adj. [tuvn.liueux, Fr.] ^,atherii]^ in a confufed and noify manner 5 tinbultr.t ; faftions. TUN, S. [itinns, Sax. totint, Bclg. tovni^, tonncau, Fr J a lar^e cafk ; a meafuve contain- TU'RBULEN'CE, or TURBULENCY, S. [Fr. furouk-rti^, Lat.] a tumu!t or confu- fjon ; ' the quality of not being caiily go- verned. TU'RBULENTT, Adj. [tarl^uunfus Lat.] boifterous; tumultuous j not to be go- verned. TU'RCOJSE, S. [tur^rcife, Fr.] a pre- cious (lone of a blue colour, biought from Turkey. TL'RD, S. [tord, Sax.] ordure; dung. TURF, S. [f)v/, S.-.X //;-/, Belg. and ini^ two hoi^fneads ; a large cjuantity. Jn Swed.] a clod co.'trcd wiiii grafs ; a part of weight two thou'and pounds ; a cubic ipace in I the furi'acc of the ground. A gtnticn:an of a (liip, fuppofed to contain a tun. lo I'UN, V. A. to put in cafkn. TU'NABLE, Adj. capable of being put in tune, or mr.dc harmonious. TUNE, S [ton:. Brig, tr.ii, Swed. tiiono, llA:tonc. Fv. /';««.!, Lat. j a divcrfity of mufical rotes pui together ; found. 7'o l-c in tunc, is to be in a (late proper foi' ufe, exercife, or any particulai- purpofc. To TUNE, V. A. to put in a ftate where- in concords may be founded j to fing mufic.lly the Tutf, is one who is fond of racing or courfmg. TURGE'SCENCE, TURGE'SCENCY, S. the acf of fwelling, or the ftate of being fwol'cn. TU'RGTD, Adj. [turgidus, Lat.J fwelling ; bloated ; vainly pompous. TU'RKEY, S. a well known fowl. TU'RMERICK, S. an Indian roof, which makes a yellow die. TU'RMOIL, S. trouble, harrafling, unea- In low language, to beat. Neucerly, to form ] finds one found to unothcr; lo utter with a mufical I To TU'RMOIL, V. A. to harrafs with or whining ^Micc. ! tumult or commotion j to keep unquiet. TU'NEF.UL, Adj. mufical ; hirmanious ; | To TURN, V. A. [tyrvan. Sax. tourrer, TU'NJC, S. {tuK-quc, Fr. tur.ka, Lat.] a j Fr. from tonw, Lat.] to put in a circular part of tlie Roman drefs, vefembling our] motion, or move round; to change fides, or waiilcoats with very Qiort fleeves ; a cover- put that uppermoft which was undermofl ; to TU'NICLE,S. \ti.vAq:ii:, Fr. tuniai/as, Lat.] a thin membranous coat or Ikin covering any part of th-' body. TU'NNAGE, S. the contents of a veflel meafurcd by the tun ; a tax laid on a tun bur- then of merchandize. TU'NNEL, S. the paflagc for fmoke in a chimney ; a pipe with a conical or globular head, V. ith which licjucr is poured into a caik, or bottle ; a net to catch birds. TU'NNY, S. afea-Slh. To TUP, V. N, to butt like a ram. Ac- tively, to copulate. Tt"RB.'M>I,TURBAND, wrTUREANT, S. [Turk.] the cover of linnen, &c. worn on ri.e he.id by the Turkf. TURBA'RY, S. in Law, gix)und where turfs are digged. Coir.mon of turhary is a right of dij/ging nf turf on the lord's wade. TUR'BID, Adj. \turhdui, Lat J thick or nuddy. TU'RBINATED, S. \turlinatu^y Lat.] twifted, fpiral. In Botany, of a conical form. TURBITH, S. ing quality. in herb of a ■violer.t purg- changc place, poflure, fortune or party j to bring the infide outwards ; to form or trans- form ; to tranflate ; to change, with rei'peft to alf.-ilion, inclination, or legard. To turn theflomach, to caufe na'jfeoufnefs. To make giddy, followed by lead. To direct to, or forni any point or purpofc. To apply, fol- lowed by to. To turn or.ii back, is to fly ; to difregird, followed by upon, lo reverfe or a!i«-r. Ufed with aiout, to revolve or confi- der. To turn atuay, to difmif'; or diicard« 7o turn back, to return to the perfon who gave, fcnt, or fold ; to double the contrary way. Ufed with off, to difmifs ; to refign ; to divert. Ufed with of, to advance to an age beyond ; ro exceed. Ufed with o-ver, to transfer ; to throw oiTa ladder. NeiUerly, to move rovmd, to change the poflure quick- ly, fo as to face, ufed with upon. To change or alter. To grow four, applied to li- quors. TURN, S. the aft of moving round, or coming back to the fame place; a winding path ; a walk to and fro ', change or altera- tion 5 occafion ; time at which any thing is to be done, or wherein perfo^fS pur-ftually fiiccecd each other; convenience ; form, TU'RBITH MINERAL, S. among Che- ^rt, (hape, or manner ; the manner in which milts a yellow precipitate of mercury TU'KBOT, S. [tarhat, Belg] a delicious lea fifti, well known. the words ot a fentence are repeated. By turns, fignifies, altaj-nately^ or one after an- other. TU'RNCOAT, TUT TU'RNCOAT, S. one who forfakc'; lils party or principles tor thofe which uic op- pofite. TfRNPR, S. [r-.uyKeut, Fr.] one who turns vefll-ls, or men Ills in wodd or metal ; one who fells \.\i: nery wares. TURNING, S. a winding ; a ftrect which crofTjs a main road or (freei. TU'RNIP, S. a white cfcalent root T W I TU'TORESS, S. a female inftniclor .; z jjovernefs, TU'TTY, S. a fiiblimate of zinc or cala- mine colle<fted in the furnace. TUZ, S. a lock or tuft ot hair. TWAIN, Adj. [rrtv^f,;. Sax. J two. To TWANG, V. N:"'[from the found] to j found with a quick fliarp noife. TWANG, S. [JMinlhew derives it of rsn- TU'RNKEY, S. the doorkeeper of a i^is,] an ill tafle j a difagreeable found ; upull jaol, iiy the iiofe. ' TU'RNPIKE, S. a crofs oftwo bars, arm- To TWANK, V. N. to make to found. edatthe end with pikes, turning on a pin, and fixed to prevent the pafli^e of borfes. A gate ereftcd on a high- way, by «hich the paflage is obflru<n:ed liU a certain firm of mo- ney is paid. TU'iiNSOL, S. a plant fo called, becaufe its flowers turn towards the fun. TU'R.l'ENTINE, S. [ure/>if:(bus, Lat.] a clear j^um or rofm ifTuing from fcveral kinds of trees. ToTU'RPIFV, V. A. [t u r t>lfM- er c, Lst.] 10 defile ; to make unclean. TU'Rl'ITUDK, S. [tiirpitiido, Lat.J filthi- ncfs ; bafenefs; villainy. TU'RllKL, S. a tool nfcJ by coopers. TU'RRET, S. f turns, Lat.J n fmall emi- nence or tower raifed above the body of a building. TU'K. PLE, S. [tortu;, Fr.] a fea-tortoife, well known for its delicious food 5 a dove, famed for its kind difpofition andchaftity; from tcurtc, Fr. TU'SCAN 0.1 DER, S. in Archite<^nre, io c.dled, becaufe invented in Tufcany ; the columns, together with the bafe and capital To T WATTLE, Teut. j to prate V. A. [fchiu.:t.ti:r.. To T WE AG, or TWEAK, V. A. [tioj,- Lin, Teut. J to pinch or fqueezc between the fingers. TWEAGUF, or TV/EAKE, S. perplexity or dil'crefs ; a low vvord. To TWE'EDLE, V. A. to handle li-rht- TWE'EZERS, S. [etny, Fr.] nippers or pincers ufed in puilinn off hairs. TWELFrH, Avij, [tivJfta, Sax.] ths I'ccond after the tenth ; the ordinal of t\jelve. "twelfth DA'/, S. the feftival of Epi- phany, or manifeflation of Ciivitf to the Gen- tiles, fo called asbeini^ the izih day from tiie. nativity or Chnfrnus-day. TWELVE, Adj. [f.i-^/ib, nva/if, Goth. twe/f, Sax. 10/ f, Run.] two and ten. 1 Vv'E'LVE-MONTH, S. lzivolf-m'.,mbe, Teut.] the fpace of a year, according to tjie calendar months. TWE'NTIETH, Adj. [t^va.-tcogcd'a, Sax.] the next in order to the nineteeth '; the orJi- are to be feven modiiles in length, and to nal of twenty, have the upper part of the pillar one fourth TWt'NTY, Adj. [rwrw/.^. Sax. r/«/j<7, lefs in diameter than the bottom ; this is 1 Run.] twice ten. the mod fimple and rude of the five or-| TWl'BILL, S. lo£ nuy, Sax. ani 1>I/I] an ders. Ilron tool ufed bypaviours. TUSH ! Interject, a word ufed to exprsfs I TWICE, Adj. [fw-gicb, Sax. ttvces, B<« r.j contempt. | two times j doubly. TUSK, S. [ryxaf. Sax. ta^tn, old Fr.J the fangs (>r long teeth of a boar, ^c. To TU'STLE, V. A. to buftleoraiivc; to tumble or ruflle. TUT, loterj. a word nfed to command fi- lence, and exprefs contempt. TU'TELAGE, S. proteiflion ; guardian- fliip ; the time durmg which an infant is un- der guardiaas. TU'TELAR, or TUTELARY, Adj. ff«> tela, Lat.J having the giiardianfhip or parti- cular defence and pratcdtion of any perfon or thing. TU'TOR, S. \tuteur. Fr. tutor, Lat.} one who has the care of a perfon's education and moral s. To TUTOR, V. A. toinftrucl; to pre tend to teach with infolcnce. TU'TORAGE, S. the aulhority or govern- ment ef a tutor. To TWa'FALLOW, V. A. in jHufbsn • dry, (igniSes to roll or plow it a fccjnd time. TWIG, S. [t-tvigyttviga, Sax. t-wvg, Beig.] a fmall ftioot of a branch. TWI'LIGHT, S. {ttcccnchtfBtlg. ttvcm:- lecht, Sax.] the appearance of light before fun-rife and after fun-fet ; an obfcure light ; an uncertain view. TWIN, S. [itu'inn, Sax. tw^d'wgen, Belg.] a child born at the fame time and birth wuh another. To TWINE, V. A. [t-Minan, Sax. t-ny- r.a>:, Bclg.] to wind thread round any fu'b- (lance J to twift fo as to unite or form into one body. Neuterly, to wind, or foim wind- ings. TWINE, S. a twifted thread ; a twifi ; an embrace fornnd by twitting round any part. To T y M ■To TWINGE, V. A. {iithger, Bc\s nv'rrge, Dan. J to toimcQt with a ludJeii and fhort pain ; to pinch. , IWINGE. S. a fhort, fuJJcn, (luip pnin ; a piiuli. To I WI'NXI.F,, V.N. Utvmdian, Sax.j to fpaikle, or P.iiiie wiili intermitted lij^lit j it' epci) aiul (Lilt tlie eye cjr.ickly. TWl'NKLF, S. £ fparkiing intermitting; light ; the ni'-.lion of the eye. ToTW fRL, V. A. l^trcm ii-klrie] to turn or force r' or J. ' TWIRL, S circvil.ir motion. Twift j con- volution. To TWIST, V, A. ]gct':iy]f.:K, S.x tiil- gtn, Beif.] to fo; ni by tun i tj lomul ; to ure.itii or encircle ljy foiiictliiiii;; to wrave T Y R on which every (hect of paper Is laid in order to be printed oil". TYMPANT-'"ES, S. {rv-AntauTr;, Gr.] "hat partiru'ar fort of diopfy that fweils the i)cl'.y lip like a drurn; and is often cured by tapping. lYMHA'XUM, S. [Tv.'^iravo>, Gr ] a •.!riim. Among Mechsnics, a fort of wheel placed on an axis, on th.; t 'p of which arc le- vers, for the more eafy turning the axis about to raife t!ie weight. 1 Y'MPAN\,S.r/vw/<7ww, Lat.] a fwe!- ling in the body, which niaJtcs it rcieinbic a Jium. TY'NY, Adj. [written likewifeWrj; from tyntftynti, Dan. or tenth, Lat.j fmail. Ti'PE, S. \iypuy, L?x. Tvvz:, Gr.] an <if foim by (uining ronnd. <b that the pans ieiihlem,or m rk of sny thing; that by wlrrh fhiili unite loi;c,her ; to iiifiniii-t IVtlsr, SI the aft of turning roml fe- ver?! things to as to unite th^ni ; any thing made hy winding two tilings t6gethi.r ; a corJ; a V rithe. TWl'STING, Adj. in a foliirg man- i.er. ToTVTT, V. A. ffflV,;,.,,,^ s.-ix.] tore preach, or nention to a pcrfon by way ot a J'neer. ny thing is fym'bolicaily, or hicrogljp hic-lly, jjrefigiired ; a pointing letter. TY'fHODEi, S. [Tj-x'-.r.;, Gr.] a con- ••nual burning lever, proctcuing from an in- fl.mn-...t'on of tlic bov\tls. TVrHO'MANrA, S. [rvifofxxmx, Gr.] adtliriimi ov phrcnfy ; a Icihatgy. TY'FHON, S. [ti.J>«, Gr. I a hurricane; a v'o!cnt whirlwind ; a fiery meteor. 1 Y'PiCAL. Adj. rtprcfcnting by fon.: T VVI'TTINGLY, Ac'v. fneeringly ; re | fynibo! orhieroglipliic prnjchi'iilly, I '] Y'l'lCALLV, Adv. [from /j,/;V^/,] in a 'I'o TVV ITCH, V. -A. [c'.-zi-ltsn, Sax.] to) typical mannrr puil or plnrk uith a quick motion. ToTYTIFi', V. A. to exprefs by fomc ■I'WITC'H, S. a quick pr fuddcn pull ; ajfymbol, aftion, or hieroglyphic pair.fulcontratiion ol th.e fibres TWl'TCHf.-RASS, S. a plant. To T'ATTTr.R, V.N. to make a (harp, intfiAV.ittcJ , and trtnnilous noile ; to be af- ficled v\iih a lliong or f^idden inclination, fol- lowed by UlUiJrd. T'vVl'TTLU, S. any motion qr dilbrder cf pafTion, laiigliinj;, or fieiiii'g. IWII TLilTWA'TTLE, S. tattle ; gab- b? . 'T'WIXT, a contra^ion of Be'j w ixt. TWO, Adj. [tiL-tii, Goth. i':ca, Sax. tii- P.«n. (ia:x, ?>. duo, Lst ] a number conipofed of one adiied to one. This wcrd is otten ufed in compofition. TVVO'FOLD, Ac'j [.'wm-rW, Sax.] dou- ble the number, or tv.ice the quantity. TWO' J-'ANDED, Adj. lage ; biUky ; enormous nf magnitude. ToTY'E, V. A. b'eeTiE. T Y'E, S. a knot ; a bend or obligation. TYKE, S. a dog or oneas contemptible as a dog. TYMBA'L, S. a kind of kettle-drum, i TYMCO'.'tELLA, S. a ducking-dool. 1 YMPA'N^ S. a tymbal ^r drum. Awong yVnatcniifi.^, the drum of tie ear> a thin, dry, truifpaient, nervous meniliranc of mod ex- cjiiif;tc feiife, ;;nd the infii ument of hearin<T. >^mofig Printer*, a frame belonging to the f I inting-pnfs, and covered with parchmcntj TYPOGRA'PIIER, S. [typcgra^Lu:, Lat.] Ttri'Vfa'f -f, G.j a printer. TYPOGRA'PHIC.ALj Adj. [Ti;wo:pa<J..- !«f, Cr] belonging to lypot.raphy, or the art ijf printing. T-iPOGRA'PllY, S. [tytrgrafhij, Lat] the art of printing. TYRANNIC, or TYRANNICAL, fiij. [lyra>!r!a-s, Lat. t\rjnii'!juc, Fr. Ti'paniKcj,Gr.] cruel; opprcfllvCi imperious; acting liKc a tyrant. TYRA'NNICIDE, S. [Lat.] the aft of kill ng a tyrant. To'tY'RANNISE, V. A. \ty.-armfir, Fr.] to governor i:(\ in an imperious and ri« gorous manner, like a lyrant. TYRA'NNY, S. [tyrnrms, Fr. tyrctinus, Lat ] afting without regard to the laws, or rights or properties of the people; outrageous cruelty anJ cpprcffirn. TY'RANT, S. [rv.anoi;, Gr. tyannu!, Lat] a perfon w!-.o governs imperioufly and ric*>roiifly ; a fevere mafier; an oppreflbr. "TYRA'NNOUS. Adj. tyrannical; dc- fpotic ; arbitrary ; fevere. TYJU'ASIS, S. tbeleprofy. TY'RO, S. [tyro, Lat.] a novice; one in his nuiinunts, Oi' not mafkrofhis art. TY'RO'^IS, S. [of Typo,-, Gr.] a curdKng of milk in the fttmach into a fubfl-ince like clioefe. U. V A G u UThe twentieth letter of the Fnc^lifti ;t);>hahet ; when it is ufcd ?.; a coiifo- ' naiit, its foim is difR-rent iVom tliat of ihc vovvtl, being nude t'lus V", ^nti nume- rically, Itaiui^ for five. It is alfi* a contraction for i.-iJ,, anJ is 1)01 rowed oii^^inaiiy from tiic Phcnici.n iil^ihjbet, but pcitiaps more pro pcrly fioni tfic Latin, Gothic, or Saxon. V.VCANCY, S. [See Vacant] an cmpt\ fpace ; a chafm , times of Icifu.c or icljxatio)i ; liftlelsncf', or emptincf'. of tiiouj^ht. V.VCAMT, Adj. [Fr v.-2car.s, Lat.] emp- ty ; haviii(> notliinj', in it ; fre.- from crouds, obnaclcsor incii:Tii)r.uicc ; huV^n^; lu pollLlloi or I.icucnhcnt ; at Icifurc, or Jilin^jagcJ ; void Ot'illOU^h'. To VACATF, V. a. \vncatus, Lit.] Ic make void or vacant ; to Jcftat or annul. VAC/.' lEl), Adj. made void or vacant ; defeated: anuulicd VaCA'TIOM, S. [-.•ar.rf/o, Lat.] in Com mon Law, all the time which palles between term and term. Anvng Civilians, liie t'nic from the deatli of i!ie lall intur.ibent liil-thc benefice is fupplitd by anotlicr. Liifiire oi freedom irom trouule, bufinefs, or perplexity- VA'CAKY, S. [I'acca, Lat. J a cu\.v-houie. To VACILLATE. V. M. \yja!!cr, Fr vaciilatuniy Lat.] to reel ; to lluke; to totter ; to llapeer. VACILLATION, S. the art of flag^eiing or fti iking; irrefohition ; uncertainty. VACIVE, Adj. [la.i.-u:, Lat. J void, emp-y. VA'CIVirV, S. [tju.ivitiis, Lht.] empti- nefs. VA'JUITY, ^. [Ta:!ir:, Vi.tacmtas, Lat.j the ftate of being unoccupied by body ; fpace void of body; want of ilibltancc. V.A'CUUM, S. [ Lai. J fpace not occupied by matter. ToVADE, V.N. to decay; to fade ; to ■yanidi. VA'FROUS, Adj. [-vafcr, Lat.] fubtle ; crafty. VA'GABOMD, Adj. [Fr.] wandering about, or liaving no fettled habitation. VA'GABOND, S. a perfon that wanders about, and has no fettled habita.ion. VaGA'RY, S. \jvagus, L.it.j a wild freak er frolick. VAGINOPE'MXOUS, Adj. [vagina, Lat. in>i penna, l^ar.J having the wings covered or fneathed with hard cafes. .^ VAGRANCY, S. a diflblute and diforder- ly courfe of lifv. Va'GRAnT, Adj. [t;^!'. «f, Fr.J wan- dering, or having no fixed place. VA'GRANT, S. one that has no fettled place of abode j a droller ; one that moves from place to piace, without any vilible way •f living. V A L VA'GUF, Adj. f Fr. -za^u!, Lat.J wnnder- jng, or having no fettled place j unrixe.l ; un» fettled ; or imdLtcrminate. VaIL, S. {leih, Fr. this word is at prc- fent writ 'en -vdl ; from "vclnn, Lat. and the ver!i in the fame manner ; from ■ve''), I. at yet as the old manner of wririni^ (hews it might luvc been i)orro'.vcd originally from the Fr.it may rtill be continued] a curt-in or co>'er thrown over any rl.ing to co;ictid it ; a p nt of a dref>. by which the faccls covered Ufed in (he plural, to li;;nify profits tiiat accrue to olficers and (ervants, cxclufivc of falcsry or V- a^;^es. ToV.^FL, V. A. [a-va/ar Id I'gnm-t, Fr] to lov'cr, !c; 1^11, or pull oiT by wiy oK com- plimc'.it. '• The Cer'Tmony of i'-':':v^ the bonnet in f lutations." Aildif Neuturly, to ihsw rtfpccl by yi.lding or fuhmitiing. Sec Veil. WkV.'i, Aoj. f Fr. farus, L-.t ] without cfflrt ; haviiii» no fubfl.incc or rc:\lity; proud of little things ; ol^cnt.itious ; idle or worih- \(rU ; falfe. //; i-a}i, to no pip-pofe or end; wi-hr.ut eHI>.'\. When ufed in conipolition, it implies oMentatious. V.-.'IMLY, Adv. ufelefsly ; to no purpofc, VA'1NL!:SS, S. l-yjw.v', Fr.] cmptinefs, ufelefTicfs. V.^IRE, S. in r-Ieraldrv, is when the field of a coat of arms is chequered with little hells o.^ two colours. VA1'V01>E, S. a prince of ihe Dacian provinces. "V A'LANCE, S. [according to Skinner, fromVALF.NCi.^, whence thcywcr^i brou.;ht|. t!ie draj^ery hanging ronnd the teller of a bed. VaLF., St [fal, Fr. -vallh, Lat.J a .ov ground lyi-ig between two hills. VALtDroiTON', S. the fpeech made at parting ; a bidding farewell. VA'LlN'riNK, S. a fwcetheart chf.fen on St. Valentine's day. VA'L1-:NTINIANS, S. a feci of heretic^ fo called from Valentinuiiheir founder, in the 1 ith century. VALii'RI.AN, S. xhehtrh ^reat fctiuall. VA'LfiT, S. [Fr.] a waiting fervant. ya- kt Je chumbre, one v.h.) waits on a nobleman in his bed-chamber, and dicffes and' imdreflcs him. VALE'TUDE, S. [vaktuco, Lat.J a gool ftate of health. VALETUDINA'RIAN, S. a f.ckly per- fon ; one who fancies himfelf ill, V.-^LETUDINA'RIAM, or VADETU'- DINARY, Adj. [yahtud'inairc, Yi. •valctudOy Lat.J fickly. VALErU'DINARY, S. an infirmary or hofpital for the fick. VA'LIANT, Adj. \yaU\ant, Fr ] brave j ftout or courageous. VALl'AMTLY,.Adv.bravely;courageoufly. VA'LLANTNESS, S. bravery j coiu-age; ftoutnefi ; intrepidity. ', M VA'LIDj V A P VA'LID, Adj. [v.aiide, Fr. 'LulUin, L^t.] flrong or cifiLacious, applied to things. Con- ciulivc, or having force, applied to argument. 'Jo VALi'DATE, V. A. {•validcr, Fr.j to make'!^0<)d, enforce, or render efTcftJal. VA^LIDITY, S. {'ui:!iditc\'¥r. -vaMtas, Lat.] force; power ; ftrength; authenticity. VA'LLtY, S. [i^aUe'e, Fi: vallis, Lat.j low griuind 1) in^; between hills. See Va i f . VA'LOLR, S. [lalair, Fr. ■valur, Lat.j courage s briveiy. VALO'ROUS, Adj. [-v^Ioreax, Fr.] brave; vali mt ; cour:ig-Jous. VALO'ROLiNESS,S. bravery ; courage ; intrepedity. VA'LL''\B'-E, Adj. of ^reat piice or worth; dilerviigelkem. VALU'ABLENESS, S. price or worth ^ eflcem. VALU'ATION, S. [eva/uat}}>:, Fr.j price or vak;e put upon a thing. VA'LUE, S. [Fr.] price; worth ; price eijuil to ilie worth ot a thing V A R VA'PIDITY, S. l-v^pJitas, Lat.] deaa- ncfs ; j'i.itucfs. VAFORA'i<Y, S. l-i.-af.orcnum, Lat.] a ffove or hot-houie ; a (tew or bagnio. Among I'hylicians, a decoction of Jicros poured hot into a vetrel, fo that ,the patient fitting over it may receive ti.c fumes. VAPORA'lION, S. the act of emitting fumes or vapours. VAl'O'RIFEROU.S, Adj. [va/cnfc; Fr.] pioduciii" or cjViling vapours. VAPO'ROUS, Adj. [vi:fcre,ix,Tr. ■vaj>cnn, Lat.j full of vapours j full of vain itiiagina- ticns. . VA'POUR, S. \'v^/:<'ur, Fr. f ^/cr, Lat, ] (he fniall par'/;c!es ot a liuid, which, bting fc- pnrated by hcit .ilccnd into the air ; a wind ; a Ik-am i a vain imagination. In the plural, a dileafv,' caiifcd bv flatulencies, difbrdcred or hypeCGnJriacal :ifre£lions in women, fynoni- mous to ilie fpletn in men. ' ToVATOUR, V.N. [-vaforo, Lat.] to fly off in fumes. Figuratively, to bully or To VA'LLE, V. A. [z'ulcir, Fr.] to rate ! bra{;. at accrtjin price; tohavein high edcem ; t0| V'A'RT ABLE, Adj. [Ft. tn-hH/is, Lat.j appraifc or eliimate. ■ jchanging ; not long the fame. VALVE, S. [vaha, Lat.j any thing that VA'RIABLENESS, S. changeablencfs. opens and lliuts over tlie msu;h of a vcllcl. In j VA'RlABi^Y, Adv. changeably uncer- Aniiomy, a membrane .viiich opens certain : tainly. ve.lcls to admit thcbiood, andftuts to prevent I VA'RI.'VNCE, S. [from Vary.] a ftate of ns returning. VA'MBRAC'E, S. armour for the arm, VAMF, S. the upper icath. r of >- flioe.^ To VAVll', V. A. to piece an old thing v.i'Ji fomtlliing new ; to repair any thing old or di:caYed, in order to m:ikc it pals for n-w. VA'.Ml'L.I TE, S. a gauntlet or iron glove. VAN, S, [I'.'va/n, Fr. heforej the front or enmity. In Law, r.a alteration of fomething formerly laid in a plea. VAKI.VTION, S. [' r. i-anat'w, Ut] chanijc of colour, ibund, or flate ; deviation. VA'RieOUS, Adj. diilafed with dilation. To VA'RIEGATE, V. A. [-v^irh-^ams, low Lat.j to ftalii with different colours. VA'RIF.G'aTED, Adj. ftreaked, ordiver- firft line of an ainvy ; any thing fprcad'wide, ] fificd with dilTcrent colours. by which a wind is railed j fromi;.i«, Fr. 'vu- ««i, Lat. i'.ving. Td V.iN. V. M. ['uaner, Fr. fanr.are, Lar.j to v.innow corn. VA'NCOCRIER, S, {ai-ant courier, Fr.j a haibinger ; a precurfer. VANE, S. {i:.!C'ie, Belg. T-awn, Goth.j a piste hung on a pin, fo as to turn with the wind ; a weathercock. Var.cs, among Atari ners , are the Tigiits made to Hide upon fiicli inliruments as arc ufed for taking obkrvations at fea. . VAN-GUARD, S. {ravant gard, Fr.j the front or firft line of an army. VA'RIEG ATION, .S. the quality of being beautified or diverlified withftveial colour,'. VA'RIcTY, S. I'va.lc-CyFx.tdricta!, L^t.] change; intermixture oi ditlLient thingj ; dit- fcreiicc. V A'RI FORk, Adj . [of -{jarlus and f.nr.a, Lat.j of divers ihppesor forms. VA'RIOUS; Adj. [T-'jr/.vs, Lat.] di.Tcrcnt ; changeable ; unlike each other j marked with different colours ; numerous. VARIOUSLY, Adv. dlffcrent'y; di- vcrfly. VA'RIOUSNESS, S. diverllty; change- i ahl' nefs. ToYA'NISH, V.N. [e%w.e[co,l.^t. eva-\ VA'RLET, S.' [old Fr.j antiently a fer- «;;/v, Fr.] to difappear ; to come to nought, j vant.; bucatprefent ufed as a term of re- VA'NI FY', S. [i-'i?///.'/, Fr. ■vMiitus, Lat.j < pr.iach, to convey the idei of a worthlcfs pcr- emptinefs; uncertainty ; fruitleis cefire or en- j ion. deavourj fallhood : vain purluit } an ohjedl i VA'RNTSH, S. [w;-n.v, Fr. i<rn.-«r. Lat.] of petty pride ; ollcntation. matter laid oh wood, metal, &c. to niaks To VA'NQtnSH, V. A. ['i;di.>.-i.-/-f, Fr.] to i them ihine. Figuratively, a cover or pallia • conquer, fubdue, or confute. tion of a crime. VA'NTAGE, S. gain ; Aiperiority • op- To VA'RNfSH, V. A. to cover with portunity., . t fomething fluid; to conceal a dcfeift witii VA'PID, A^j- ['vafldus, l.at.J dead or jfonittliaigornamchtal or rhuorical. fl,it, applied to lii-^uors. Pallid, To U B E V E L To VA'RY, V. A. [z-arh, Lat. i:v:jr, Fr.] to change ; to malce of ditfeieiit kiiiJs. Ncu- tcrly, to appear in Jiifcient forms ; t'> be dif- ferent from ouch oilier ; to alter ; to tl;;vi.ite ; to /J)ift coioiirs ; to be at variance. VA'SCULAR, Adj. fullof vcdLls. VASCULl'FE'ROUS, Ad] plants which have, bcfides the common Calix, a pccuhar vcllcl to contain the feed. VASE, S. [ Fr. wi, Lat.] a vdTA ; gene- rally applied to one dcfi^neJ for fncw rather th in life. VASSAL, S. [Fr, -vaJ'Jo, Ttal.] one ho!d- U'BEROUS, Adj. [ul'erofus, L:it ] plen. tiftil ; fiuiit'ul. UBICATIOV, 8. [o(uti, Lat.] rcfalencc or 'ituation in a placj. L'BIQ^UTAIUAN, S. fof //%;/,-, Lat.] one who holds that Chrift's body is every in Botanv, I where prefcnt, UBl'Ciyiry, S. [uHqulU, Fr.] omnl- prefence. U'DDER, S. [udcr. Sax, and Bc\g. uUr, Lat.] the dug of a co'v or other large bead. VFAL, S. 1 ^:d, old Fr.] the Hclh of a calf. VE'CriON, S. the a<f^ ot carrying. To VEtK, V. N. [i;,Vf/-, Fr.J to tnv!! Ufed with c:.:. ing by the will of a lliperior ; a fu'ijfrt or dependant j a fervdiit fubji-cft to the will of j abbut. Aiftivcly, to let out another. to tm-n or cliar.ue. VASS.A'LLAGE, S. - [Fr ] the ft-.te ot ' VF'GETABLE, S. [Yv. i:-retabUh, \oy^ being fubjed to the v. ill of another ; depen- ] Lat.] an orjii^nifed bod)', cohfilHng of vaiioui dence ; ful.ijeciion. Ipaits, ta-^in;; in its no'.irllliment ufually by.; VAaT, Adj. : ■vai'tc, Fr. i;ifius, Lat.] gre.it I root, and incrc-lJng its dimenfions by growth: or large ; generally applied to any thiwg cnor- i plant mcully great. VA'Si'LY, Adv. largely^ greatly. VA'STNESS, S. [-vnj'Uiis , Lat.] cxccflive laigcnefs, grcatncfs, (.r hiipenefs. V.-\T, .s [^,-j/, BJg /;;r, S..K ] .<;ee Fat. VATICAN, S. [fo cJled frem the hiil on _VE'GETAB:<F., Adj. having the nature of a phnt. To VK'GETATE, V. N.> [z-egito, Lat.j to giOA'. VEGETA'TIOM, S. gro.vth; increafe oc bulk, parrs, and dimenrion.=, ap|lied tO trees, vhich it Hands] a f;imoiis palaccucar St. Pe- plant.';, fluub;;, ar.d mincla!.';i ter'i- c!)urch at Ronie, wire the popes ufed formerly to leude dmirij; the winter, and in wliich IS the concl.ive of all the cardin.ds, be- ing a gallery large enough tocnterrain 60 car- dinals, allowing eacii two rooms. '1 lie middle of this gallery opens into the famoii.s V^tiean library, which was founded by Sextiis- IV, but if we may credit what is faid, this large edifice contains 5 co ruoni.=. VA 1 ICTN.'V ITO.V, S. the adof prophe- fying, divining, ?,nd forctrjiing. V.VriCIDo, S. amu-dercr of poet«. To VATliCINATt, V. N. ['vuticwcr, Lat.] to prcpiiefy. VA'VASOUR, S, anciently a noblcm.in, jiext in rank to a b3rf)n.- V::GEr.A'nVE, Adj. ['L-r,:^/:/, Tr.] producing growth, o- cauling to grow. VEGE'J E, AJj. [zegc-Ls, Lat.] vigorous; adlivc; fpritely. VEflE'MF.\"Cc, of VEKE'MENCY, S. \jvehi:mcr:tirt, Lat.] violence ; ardour; vigour. VEHEMENT. Adj. [Fr. -v-rhcrr.cns, Lat.] witli force, vlo'cnoe, or eas^ernefs. VE'HICLE, S. \-jeh\culu,n, Lat.] that in which any thing is carried, conveyed, or ufcd a' a moans of walhing down any thing to bw fwallowed. ToVPIL, V. A. [-jch, L3t. See Vail] to cover the face witli any thing ; to cover or Irdc. VEIL, S. [■veiui.-:, Lat] a cover uil'd to VAUL ; , S. [pronounced tvi.v/, from vowc, ; conceal the f.ice ; a cover < r difgiiiie. Fr. t/.'/ftf, Ita!.] a continued arch; a ce'lar, I ,VE1N, S ['-c-f/.vc, Fr. t'a:.-2, Lat.] a vefTel f'o Called, bec^ufe arched generally on tie top. 'which conveys the b!o. d from the arteries lack a cave; a rtpcfitoiy for the dead under, a ^o the heart; a hollow or cavity; the curfc of church ; a. leap. I metal in a mine ; tendencv, or turn of mind; To VAUL r, V. A. \'vouter, Fr.] to arch, {the time when any inciinaiion is flrongeft; or Oiapelikean arch ; to cover wi;h an arch. I liumouror temper. Neuteily, to leap, jump, or iTi'-w poltnrcs ; VELLE'! ' Y, S. [cr /.//izj, L.nt.] the loweft from z;'J:l^er, Fr, -vo/tiggiare, Jtal. | degree of dtii re. To VAUNT, V. A. [-o'.t;;.V/-, -Fr.] to j To VE'LLICATE, V. A . [^t./.r?, Lat.] bbafiof ; to difpby inarioftentatiousniancer: I to twitch, tobrag. 'j VELLICA'TION, S. a twitching. Plu- V.AL'NT, S. a brag or boafV. rally, »"iong Phylici^ns, tfertain convulfion.s V.VUNTINGLY, A*iv. boallingly; braog- that aiTccl the fibres of the face, ingly. - VtLLUM, S. [-7^.-;;. Fr. velamcn, Lat.] VAUNTINGNESS, S. bOdftino; brargin^jf ihcfkin if a calf dreflcd for writing; the fined vain olory. U'BKROS TY, orU'BERTY, S. fias, Lat.j fcrtihty ; plenty; itore; dance. fort of pirchment. [t;!.cro-\ VELO'GITV, S. 't. :.■■', Fr. -vdidtau abun- ! Lat. I fpted ; qriicknefs ot mr.tion. , j VE'LVET, S. '[fvcluti, Ital, i-eLvn, Fr. V E N fU'us, L?<:.] a kind of a fiik iiiaiuifa<riurc with •i iliort pile. I - Vt'VKAL, AJj. fFr -rcffa/;.;, Lat.] capable ofbEiiig b )iiplit ; to be purcl-.dfcJ ; meit.cii.iry; a wo'ci oF vpro'icli. VEN.VLlTY, S. [wW/f/, Fr wv/iV,;,;, Lat.] a .iirpofitioM tlu.t rentiers a perron fcaiiy to flat^'r, or iiprtc to any tliinj; litr J^ain. \'KMr\'TlOM, S. the cxeicile or practice of iitintin'^. ToVKND, V, A. [-verdre, Fr -vrvd'o Lilt, 1 to fell, or ortLr to f.^'c. VSLV'DK'K, S. in Law the perfoR to whom any thing is folJ.. Vb'NblSLK, AiVy {fcnJiUr::, Lat.J fale- able. ' ■ i VtNDITiOV, S. t],e art of felling or] t".]!'; ofirig of i^ny c mmoditv i :t fale. i VK'NDOR, S. in L<iw a feller. VE.N'KE'RlNG, S. among joiners, the laying iliin ILibs of wood over other.-- of lets value ; a kind of inlaying. VfcN'iLN! FK'IIOUS, Adj. {i-cr.r.-.if.r, Lat.j leirinj; poiftii. VKNENO'L'S, Adj. [ww/;.j, Lit ] full . o.'pciion ; poitonous. VL'N[<:RAH-1>, Acij- (Fr -v.mrabllh, Lat.] to be rt-f/ickil with awe oi revcrcnGe. To VF.'NKRArE, V. A. i-vcrc-cr, Fr. 'voieror, L.-ir J tu trcit oi' rej^uni with a-vve, er rcveience. VliNERA'TION', S. great rci;-ec't ; revc- rcncr. VhNfPL'RF.A!., Adj. [-ven res] Lat ] re- lating to love ; caui^Ur hy love embrdces VtL'\'E-<Y, S. ['vcKLiie, Fr from I'ener, Fr.J huntinj^. " Bcaiii oi -vcntry and fishes." Btfnn. L.-ifcivioufiiefs ; hi(lfuliicfs. VENTF.SitCTlO.N', S [-jctia, and Lat.] the ^i\ <>f Icttin j hi od. ToVENGt", V. A. l-vciigir^ Fr.] to oii- nilh for ui-.vie otf^ace. Seldom ufed. VE'NGE'XNCE, S. [Fr.l punilhment, or rcvenj^e for fome crime or offence. Vh'NIAr.Lt:. or Vc.Nl.AL, Adj. [wn/r/, Fr. from vftua, Lat.] paidonable j permitted, or allowed. Vh'NlSOV, S. [pronounced venfcn from 1-aiaifon, Fr. | the Hclh of dctr ; g.mie, or Lcad.s of chafe. VE'MOM, 3. [vcnirn, Fr.] poifon. VK'NOMOL'S, Adj. poifonous. VE'NOUS, Adj. [■ven-:>jhs, Lat.] full of vein 5. VFA'T, S. ^f.ijte, Fr.] a fm^Il aperture, or hole, by vA-iiich any vnpour tra.iij'iies; paf- fjge from ftcrtcy to pul.l'c notice. .Sale ; from i^iv.-.'j", Fr In Gunnery, tb.e d.fference Lei ween the ci- cumfeience of the ball, and the circumference of the bore of the cannon. •1 o VEM r, V. A. [vinicr, Fr. evauare, fventare, Ital J to let out at a fma'l hole or iperture ; to give iV^y to, or free from re- nr-iiit j 18 utter ) to puhLdi j to fell. V E R VE^NTANA, S. [Span.] a window. VEN'TE.'^, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, any cavity of the b'idy, but particularly the abdo- men. In ! aw, a womb, or mother. ToYE':N' r.'LATE, V. A. \%..>:tUa(us, Lat I to fan wi h the wind ; to winnow ; t« ■ exaniino or di/ruN «ny contioverted point. VEN riLA' I \0'\' S. fanning, or gather- ing wind : winno'Aing corn. VEMTIL.A'rORjS sn inftrutient inven'- cd bv D". Hales, to extraft foul, aud fuppiy fic.l) air. VENfO'.SITY, S. r^w/e/F/Jj, Lat.]vvin- diiirfs ; the wind pint up in a human body. VE'N)R!CLF.. S. \'ventrkuU,Vr -ventri. cuius, Lat. J the ftomach ; any fmall cavity, particularly 'hofe of the heart. VE'NTURE, S. \cfn:ure Fr.] hazard; an undertaking of cliance and dangir ; chance; If jke At ti -venture, is at hazard ; without confiderarion or piemeditation. ToVFNTUUE, V N. to dare; to ha- zard. Ufed wi;h at or wot, to engage in an attempt without any profpfdt, or certainty of fecurity. Affively, to expofe ; to hazard or riftjuc VE'NTURIOUS. Adj. fcarlcfs ; dating. VE'NUS, S. thegoddefsof love afiJ beau^ ty ; the evening (br. In Chemillry, copper metjl In Herjldry, the green colour in ili^ arnv> of fovereign princes. V E R A'C [ r Y, N . [ijerax, Lat . ] con l"i f^en- cy of wods with iji(\ ; or conlillcncy of deeds with promifes. VERB, S. [i-erLe, Fr. virhum, Lat ] a part of fpecch fignlfying cxitlcnce, action, or paffion. VE'RCAL. Adj. [Yr.-jerbalh.VM.] fpoken, oppofcdio writteii ; confiiling only in words. VERBA'Ll I Y, S. mere b.ire words. VER"A'T!M, Adv. [Lat. J word for word. To VE'RBER\TE, V, A. '^'vcrbcrjturr., Lat.] to bear or ftrike. VE'iUJERA riOM, S. the a^ of beating or (liiking. VERBO'SE, Adj. Iwrlojus, Lat.] abound- ing or tedious with words. _ VERBOSl fY, S. ["jirbcft/, Fr.]the qui- lity of ufing many words. VE'IlD.^Mr, Adj. Iverdcyar.t, Fr. fhi- dans, Lat.] green. VERUEGKE.ASE, S [-verde ^r\s, Fr.] a green poifonous fubftance made of the ruft of copper or brafs VERDE'LLO, S. a touch ftone f^r trying gold, or other metals. VE.'IDE'REI, or VERDE'ROR, S. a judicial cilicer ■ f tlie king's forefc. V.yRDlCr, S. [-virum diaum, Lat.] the determin ttion of a jury on any caufe j a dcci- fion ; ju.lgTient. [Fr.] green co our. Adj. [Lar.J modeftj V!i'i<Dc'RE, S. VERPX'U'ND,- b.;(hi:ul. VERGE, V E R VFJIGR, S. [Fr. -virga, Lst ] a ro£^, orl fomcthin(> in tliat form, LarricJ before a per foil ip ofticc; tlie hrink, edj^e, wr urniofl bor- der, fiom ivr^s, Lat. Jn La"', the compnfs about I he king's court bounding the juiilJic- tionof tlic lord newaicl.and ihc corner of tlie kin ;'s h'>ife' To VFRGE, V. N. fiwjfs, Lit.] to tend or bend dowinvr.rds, ufcd with touaiJs. ■ V!-:'rvGRR, S. a tipUaff to a judge; an officer who carries a rod tipt with Tilvei befor. a biliiop. VERI'DICAL, AHj. [".■crldi'jue, Fr.] fpealt- in^ truth. To VtRTFICVTE, V. A. [-va-ifratum, Lat.] 'o ptovc a thing to be true. VfclRIFIOA :"10N, S. the art of prc,ving a ihinj;, or mai^in^ S'"'d an aflcrtmn. ToVF'RlFY, V. N. [■vai/Jc-, Fr.] to prove true or jvitlify. VF/RILY, Adv. in truth ; indeed- VKRI'SIMILITY, or VKRI'ilMrLI TUDE,- S. ['uei,fim\iitudo, Lat.] i-Mob^biLty or like! h od. VL'Ri: Y, S. [i-ci'c, Fr ] truth. VF/RJUCK, S. the juice oi uiirifc^^rapcs, or crab apples. VKRMFCFLLT.S. [lenr-kull, Ital.jjittle worms made with flour and eggs., and ulld in foop.'!. VERMI'CUI.AR, Adj [-!r/,-n/f:-A.s, Lat.] aifling hl^e a worm ; continued irom one part of tlie bidy to the other. V£RMlVX'LATt-D, Adj. [ve'-micuLtus, Lat.) vvroupht with vanous colours. VERM I CU LA I ION,S.amonj> Botar.ifts, the Lreedinj; worms or vermin in lic^ hf.. pl.mts, tices. In rhyfic, a gup'i'g "f '•i>e A^'^. V:i.RMl'CL".OUS, A-'j. full of "rubs. VE.-vMrFORr.I, Adj. fhiped Hke a worm. V'ERMIrUGF,S.rofww/s andyT^^o, Lat.] a medicine that d<.-rtroy.s, or cxj-cls, worms. VtiRMl'LLION, a. a lively, brifk, red colour. VE'RMINE,S.[Fr -scrtr.h, Lzt.] sny nox- ious animal : applied generally to fmall ones VERiMIT \RO'JS, Adj. breedinj; vermin. VE'RMIVOROUSjAdj devouring or £>ed ing on worms. VER.NA'CULAR, Adj. [t-emaculu:, Lat ] of one's own country ; natural. VERNAL, Adj. [i-crmn. La'.] belonging to the fiTing. /1;»u-/ ,quh:ix, in Afirono.ny, is the time when the fun er.ters the equinoc- tial hne in the fpr'.ng, abcnt the ziftofMarch, making the nights and i.\v% of au equal length. VERyi'LlTY, S. fwrvile, flattering beha- viour. VE'RREL,orVERROL, S. l-icrok, Fr.] a little brafs,or iron ring, fixed round the end of a cane, or handle of a tool. VERSATILE, Adj. [-verjarr.h, Lat.] eafily tuinin". V E S Vr.RSr, S [-vci-y Fr. T'-'/'.j. Lat ] a line conndin" of a certain fiiccflifn of founds, or number of fyllabie;. ; a fedtion, or a paraoraph of a book ; poetry. TobeVE'RStD. V. V. [h^en -vrrfc, Fr. iHi-fcr, Lit. I to be Ikilled in, or ac>j«.tinteJ w th. VERsrriCA'riO^', S. IVv.] the art or pr iiflice of mal in ; verfes VERSIFIER, S. [■verjif:c.iieur, Fr ] one that mnkes verfes 5 a paltry :h'n^cr. ToVE'RSlFY, V. N [wff.er,V'c.]lo make vcrf s Afti"ely, to turn to vcrfe. VF.'RSION', S. [^x.vcrfto. Lit.] change; rr.mflatlon. VERSUTI'LOQUENSjAdj. f.-eaking fub- ti'.ly. VERT, S. [Fr.] anything that heart a gr:rn Kaf. VE'RT.RRE, S. \Jt. 'vat.bra, Lit.] a joint of iliehack. VE'RIEX, S. fLat.] the zenith, or point over the head ; the mp. VE'RTI AL, Auj. fFr.] placed in the zenith, or over the head ; placed perpendicu- lar lo tlie hoiizon. VKRTILTLLATF,.Adi.inRotanv,p!ants. whofc flowers .Trcinicrm'xed with inii.ll leaves, grov^ing in a kind of whiil>. VElCf I'CI FY, S. rotation ; circumvolu- tion. VIRTI'GINOUS, Adj [-veruglrscux, Fr.] giddv. VERTIGO, S. fLar.] giddinefs, or a dir.-nfc wherein ohjefls, though fixed, appear u> turn roi'od, itiendcd with a fear of falling, and dimnefs of fii^hf. VER'Y, AJj ['■-•'■ei, Fr ww, Lat,] true; re 1 ; the fIme,or identical ; to a great degree. VF'SI'^A, S ,in Aiiatomy, a bladder ; any membranous fubilance in which 1 fluid is con- tained. VESICA 'TORY, S. {vefcatiriurr, Lat.] a medicine which raifes hlilters in the (kin. VE'SICLF, S. a little bladder. VE'iPP-R, S. the evening Har; the eveii- iiig. VE'SPERS, S. [ffl-i-ci, Fr.] in the Ro- man church, evening prayers. VE'SSEL, S. \-v.iUe!L', Fr -^w, Lat.] any ihing in wh ch liquors, or other things, are put ; thofe parts of an animal body which contain the fluids, any vehicle by which things are c;nvsyed on the water. VEST, S. {-vif.ls, Lat. J a garment. To VEST, V. A. ['vjlio, Lat.] t > drefs ; to make poiltfibr of ; to put into pofleflTion. V!.:'SrAL, S. \ -veplh, Lat. J a virgin confccrated to Ftfta. Figuratively, a pure virgin. Vt?.'.STIBULE,S. the porch, or firll en- trance of a hoiife. VES riG.VTIOM, S. the a<ft of tracing; feeking ; or feaiching after. VE'iTIGE, S. [Fr. <vej!iy:um, Lat.] a V I c footilcp or mark, by which aify'thihg maybe 1 tUCtd. VE'STMEN T, S. [-uCteDietit, Fr.] a gar- ment. VE'STRY, S. [reve/iuThc, Fr.] a room in a church wherein thcminifJcr put* on his fur- riice, or liays till it is t'meno perform his function ; an sllembly of the heads ot" the paiilh. I'tjlry Clerk is sn ofticer who keeps ihc accf-nntsof the parilh. VE'STURE, S. ( Fr.-vufiura, Lat.] a gar- ni i-.u or robe ; drefs. VKTCIi, S. [ av/A', Fr.] chick-peas, a kini of pulfe. Vli'TERAN, AJj. [i-cfa-anus, Lat.] long ■pr-ictifcd in war ; longtxpcrienced. Vt7TER.4.N, S. an old foldier ; one long espciienctd or praifliftd in any thing. To Y£X, V. A [i:t\\o, Lat. J to make un- c.iry or an»My by impo'tunity or impofition. VEXA'riOM, S. the act of troubling, or fl Ate of being troubled ; the cauic of trouble or l,^e.;!1ne^^ U'GLINF,SS, S. deforn)ity ; the quality of| being difagrceabls lo the light, or voivl ofi bilhop's rcciiiiar jurifdliflion V I L VICI'SSITUDE, S. [■vlcijp.tvdo, Lat.] re- oiiUr changes wherein the fame things return in fucccflicn ; revcliuion. VIC'TJiv?, S. [iirthKa, Lat.] fomething llain in fjcrifice ; ibmcthing deftroyed. VrCTOR, S. \_i.-i^'oi; Lat. It i's obferved that this word is generally followed by cn>t-r, cr at, and .ra.rcly by .yj a conin.;eror ; one who ga^ns ihe advantage in any difpute. VlCrO'RlOUS, Adj. [inajtkux, Fr.] having obt:.incd conqutfl, or the advantage; producing or betokening conquefl. VrcfOkY, S. [-vicliln-, Fr. w75rw. Lat.] conqueft ; fuccefs in any conteft. VI'CTREsS, S.a female who conquers. To VICILTAL, V. A. to fumilh wuh provilion?. VI CTUALS,S. [-viauaJHeSjFt. ■olttonag!l<Jy Ital.j meat, or food. V rc r UAL L KR , S . [illuaVleur, Fr. j a pisblican ; one who furnifhcs or piovides pro- vifioas ; a fl.ip tliat carries provifions for a fleet. Vl'DAME, S. in France, the judge of a beauty U'GLY, Adj deformed, offemlve to the fight, void of beauty. VIAL, S. I'vi-mXii, Gr ] a fmall bottle Vl'AiNi?', S. \vl:i:di, Fr. •vivanda, It.i!.] fcoJ j meat drefied.* VIA'TICU.V), S. [Lut.] provifionfora jouinev- In the Rom fli chnich,the lad rites pei!bi)T;';d to fit a perfon for death. To VI'BRaTE, V. A. [-viLratus, Lat.] to bmndiih, or move to or fro with a quick mo- tion ; to make to qui>er. Nc;itcr!y, to play up 2.v\\ Jown, or tb and fro, altein.itGJy. 'Vi'BRATlON.S. the.(ftofmoviogtoand fro, or upvvvirds and downwards altein.'.tcly. ViCAR, S. [vj':cay;::s, Lat.j one who pcf fcfles an appropriated, or imprOjiriated bcne- VIDF'LICuT, Adv. iLat.l to wit; that is : uf'-ialiy written contra^edly thus, i-ix. VIDU'irV, S [-ci.'f.V/, Fr.J widowhood; the flate of a woman who has buried her huf- band. To VIE, V. A. [the etymology is uncer- tain] to ihew or praflife in oppofuion or curn- petiiion. Neuttrly, to contei> for fuperiority. To emulate, followed by iv'ub- ToA'IEW, V. A. [t:cu, Fr.] to furvey, or l.)ok into by way of exam'.nution orcuriofi- ty ; to look at. VIEV/, a profpeft; fight; furvey; the feach of fi;;ht; appear.mce or (hew; esihibi- 1 tion, or difpky to the mind ; intention or de- VI'GIL, S. \i-';gilla, Lat.] a watch, or de- lice ; onewho performs tlie duty of anotlier. I volions paid to futnts while other perfons are VIC.-.'RA.GE, S. \_-jkaiij, Lat.j the cure generally at reft j the fa ft kept before a holi- er bcneJice of a vicar. day. ViCA'RIOUS, Adj. deputed; delegated; VIGI'LANCE, S. [Fr. ingibntia, Lat.] acV.r.gby com.miliion. forbearance of lleep ; watchfuhiefs, . V [ E, S. ["jit^um, Lat.] an habitual courfe VIGI'LANT, Adj. [-vhi!^)-.!, Lat.] watdi- pi aftions cor.tr.iry to the laws of virtue ; a I ful ; circumfpe^, to pre\ent danger. fju'.t; a kind of fmall inn prefs, ufed in hold- 1 VI'GOROUS, Adj. [-jigor, Lat.] full of );'.;jr any thing f..lt, and moving by fcrews ; itrcnth and life. uomi'ih, Be'.g gripe. I'lce, in compofition 1 Vl'GOUR, S. {-viguur, Tv. t.^^jc, Lat.] i.^ dciivtd from the Latin, and fignifics one j flrcngth, force, or power of body or mind ; V. ho ;:its inltead of a fuperior, or is the fecond | energy. in command. As yia-Rcy, one who governs] ViLE, Adj. \ ■vil, Fr. •vilis, La't.] Lafe ; a (h\tc inOesd of a king. ] mean ; defpicable ; wicked. VlCiiGE'RENT,S. a deputy; alientenant.j VILE'NESS, S. [ciZ/to, Lat.] meannefs; VrCE-ROY., S. one who governs in place i bafenels ; «ickcdnefs. of a kin*r\i'iih regal authority. To Vi'LIFY, V. A. to debafe ; to defame, Vi'CI'^TY, S. nicenefs ; exnclnefs. . or endeavoiu- to make contemptible. VICI'NITY, S, ['viLv::is, Lat.j ncarncfs ; j ■ YILL, S. It-iiJc, Fr. w'a, Lat.]. a village ; r.ciohbour.hood VTCIOUS, AJj [from VicE.|commiit:ng a»."lions conr!<iry to virtue ; addicTed tov'cs. VrCiOUSM^^SS, S. wickeiacls ] faultinefs. or a fm:H coUcftion of houfes. VFLLA, S. [Lat.] a country feat. Vl'LLAGE, S. [ Fr.] a fmall colkaion of hcufes in the country, lefs than a town. Vl'LLA- V I L V I N VI'LLAGER, S. [W/a.'/w, Lat.j an in-| out of iiis coach in St. James's nicet, anJ c.ir- iiahitant of a village. i ried away by Blood aiui liis fon, bcyotiJ Uc- Vl'LLAJN, S. [-ov/.;;;;, Fr.] one who holds i von(hiic-hi;uie, Picc.'.dilly, hut liien rcfcued. of another by bafe tenure j a wicked and bafc i Li June 1671, the duke was in(t.;llcd chancel- wretch. - loroftiie univerlity of Cambridge, and the VI'LLAINOUS, Adj. bjfe ; vile j wicked ; fame year was fent amhaflador to the king i>f Toiryj ufcd fometimcs to fieightcn the idc.i of any thing low and bafe. Vl'LL ilN Y, S. bafe wickednefs. VILLfERS, [(ieorgej duke of Dncking- Inni, fon of the dukeof 1 iickinghani, who was murdered by Felton ; w!io, it he was in- ferior to liis fathei as a (taiefman, was fuperior ill wit, and Wanted only application to have made a very great figure, even in the fcnate ; but his lovcof plcafurc'.vas immoderate, which embarralicd him in the purfuit of any thing iolid or praife- worthy. He was an infar.t when his father's murder was perpetrated, and receiv- ed his cirly education from feveraldomtftic tu- tors, and was afterwards fent to the univerfity of Cambridge : when he had hnilhed his couvfc there, he travcllcdu it!i his brother lord Francis. .Upon his return, whic!) was attcr the breakin France; wlio being plcafed with his peiTon and errand, entertained him very nobly for fe- Viral d..ys together; and, upon his taking leave, ga\c him a fword and belt fct with pearls and diamonds, to the value of 40,000 pillolcs. Ho was afterwards fent to that king at Ltreciu, in June 1672, together with Henry carl of Ai/ington, and George lord Flallifax. He was one of the cah.il at \Vhitchall, and in thcbcginningof the fclTion of parliament, Fe- bruary 1672, endeavoured to caft tlie odium of the Dutc'i! war from lumf If upon 1 )rd Ar- lington, another of the cabal. In June 1674, he rcfigncd the cliancellorfliip of Cambridge. About this time he became a great favourer of the non-coniormiifs. February 16, 1676, his grace, and James earl of Salifb.rv, Anthony earl of Uiaftfburj-, nnd Philip lord Whai ton. out of the civil wars, he was conducted to 0.v- were committed to the Tower, by order of ih ford, and prefcnted to his majelfy, then thcic, and ent'.'ved into Chrilt-Chuich. Upon thedc- clino of the king's c.nife the young duke of Buckingham attended princcCharjes into Scot- land, and was prcfent in the year 1651, at the bact e of VVoiceller, whence he elcaptd beyond fea, and was loon attej made knight of the garter. He cameaftcrv.'aids privately into Eng- Jand, and November 19, 1,657, married Mary, the daughter and heirefs of Thomas lord Fair- houfe of lords, for a contempt ia rtfubng to retract what they had laid the day before,when the duke immediately after his majcRy had ended his fpecch to both hcufcs, endeavoured to ihew from liw- and reafon, that the lopg prorogation was nulled, and the parliament was confequently dillblvcd. The chief of our auth.or's works iSj 7'/.cRe/:earfa/,2 comcdy-fi-ft acted on December 7, 1661, The charafler of Bayes is inimitably drawn ; in it the vaiious fax, by wlioll- intertfl he recovered all, or moft foibles of poets ( whetl-.er good, bad, or indif- ot' his eftate which he had loft before. After ferent) are fo excellently blended, as to m.ike • thcRcltoration, at which tin'.ehe is faid to have 1 the moft finilhed piclureof a poeticalcoxcomb : poiIcFed an eftatc of 20,Gcol. per annum, heliiisfuch a in after-piece x;f t<ue humour as was made one of the lords of -the king's bed- 1 will ever laft, whUc our Ehelifh tongue is un- chamber, i.nd of the privy-council, lord licutc- derftood, or the I'tage iifi;raFa good comedian nant of Yorkfhire, and, at la If, marrer of thei to play it. It is allowed by the fevereft cne- liorfe. In the year 1666, beingdifcovered to| mies of this nobleman, tliat he had a great have maintained fecrct corrcfpondence by let- (hare of vivacity, and quicknef-i cf parts.wl.ich ters, and oilier tranLoiions, tending to raife . were particularly turned to ridicule jhut while mutinies among fomc of his majefly's forces, I he has teeii celebrated as a wit, all men and ffir up feduion'among his people, and to | are fiknt as to his virtues ; for it is no where liave carried on other traterous defigus and ! recorded that he ever performed one generous practices, he abfconded, upon which a procla- 1 difinrereflcd aftbn in his whole lii'e. r;e died ination was illiied the fame year for appre i April 16. 1687 : P.Ir. Wood fays at his hoi fe licndiug him. Notwithfianding this appeai- ■ in Yorkfhire ; but Mr. Pope Informs us, that ance cf reftntment agj.'nli him, Charles, who! he died at an inn in that country, in very was far from being ot an implaca!)le tenipc;-. 1 mean circumftances. I took Buckingham jgain into favour, after l;ej VlRIl'N EOL'S, Adj. made of twigs. , had made an humble fubrnilTion ; he was re- ; Vl'NCISLE, Adj. [t/irciiilis, iat.j con- frored to his place in the council, and in the j ouerable ; that may be overcome, bjcd-chamber, in 1667, and feemcd perfectly VI'NUl L'RE, S. a binding, confirmed in the good gracesoftlie king, who To Vl'NDlCA : E, V. A. [yii:dkeius, v/as, pcrhap?, too much charmed with his wit I. at.] to juftify from any charge_pr accu- to conlidcr him as an enemy. In the year faiion ; to avenge; to ailcrt, or claim tt!ec- 1670, the duke was fuppoied to be concerned 1 tualiy. in Blood's attempt on the life of the duke of VJ'.VDICATION, S. [Fr.] defence ; apo- Ormond. This fcheme was to have conveyed! logy ; juftificition. ■thatnobleman to Tyburn, and there to have ! VINDICATIVE, crVINDI'CTiViisAdj, ,Jia.n^eJ him j for '.vhich purp?l'e he was taken I given to revenue 1 3 N 4 VUsDI^ V I R ViKDiCA'TOR, S. cnc wlr, jufnfies firm a cliavpc oraccufation ; a dt;fenHer. VrNDlCTIVKNKSS, S. levenoefiilne'V. V I R \vliich divide it fiom the v?.f^ tic£t cd\ei Loiiiriana. On the W. f;de cf C hcaftpcak- bay, it cxtrnds from lat. jf' dcg. 3c min. to VIVNF., S. [-v-Kca, Lat. J t!:e plant wiiich ',9 tie?. 30 min. N. but on the E. fide only beais jthe grape. Vi'Nt.'.-HR, S. [-^iVci^rf, Fr.] wine, or c'.!''Cr iqiicis made four j any thing lour. VI'Nl'^V A R D, S. '[-u^irc^ea. d, Sax. j ground p'anitd «irh vines. VfNOUS, Adj. r-^wjl", I-st.j h.-'ving t'oe cjiia! tics of, or refemlilin", wine. VI'NT.-.GE, S. f'!ir<:|-f, Fr.] ihefeafon from Cajic Charles in i.-.t. 37 dejv 13 min. to 28 dejr. N. Its breadt!-, f) far as planted, is about ICO rr.iles ; but to the wellu-jrd it has no boundary. The K. and W. winds here are either very (harp and piercing, cr ftormy ; and the S. and b. E. hazy or fiiltry. Snow falls in great quantities, but fcld< m lies ahove two da\s : and the f;in~e mnv be f.'id of the fi)r milking wine ; the pic-duct of wine lorj frofl:, the winters in this country being gc- tlie year. Vr.N'rNLR, S. [-Jroriu!, Lat.] one who fc'ils wincj a tavrn-kiepcr \"1'GL, S. a llvi'-gfd inf^rutr.cnt of m'^fic. VIOLA'CEOU^, ."dj. refcm:>lino violets. To Vl'OLA : E, V. A. [I'io^ciias, Lar.] to ncially t'ry and clear. 'J he fpring is earlier th?n ouis; Mavand June are vtiy plcaOnt, July and Augufl fuhry, iiu' Septembci has pro- digious tains. Tow aids I he conft, and for iro miles inland, there is hardly a liill or ftone to he found. Here are trees of v;irious forts, and iriv^re m Imrt ; to break ary law ; to irjure of prodigious niagiiiuide ; with abundance of L\ irreverence ; to ravifh. pafiure grounds The land pioduces lice, V lOi^.^i'TlON, S. the ttlcf Iranfgrifiing, j iiemp, Indian corn, fi.ix. (ilk, cotton, and cr break irg. 1 wild gr?pes : but the Daple commodity of Vir- VSO'La'TOR, S. [i>':o!at£iir, Fr ] a tranf- g-nia is tobacco, ro which the pbnttrs poft- g-\r!;'r. p:ne everything clfe. That of Virginia, efpe- " '' ' ' '~ ; I cially the fwect fctnttd tobacco, wliieh grows VI'OLEKTCE, S [Fr wlcnt!^, Lat.] force ; unjuft ap. lication of ftrengrh ; an allault; ve htmcncc; i^ijury 5 ravilhmcnt. Vi'OLENT, Adj. ['z^iy,;,-/w, Lat.] arming viih gre^it, continuid, and an imjui'i: appiica tir.n of force. OcC':(!oned by foicc, cppofed to n.iturai. YTO'LENTLY, Adv. forcibly ; vtlie niciiily. ViO'LET, S, [Fr] a plant bearing a fu t e--(c(.nv<J flower. VIO'LEC, Adj. purple. ViO'LlN, S. [-c'/Vtw, Fr.] a fiddle; a mu- f;c ;i inftrumont well known. ViOLOKCtlLLO, S. afmall bafs violin, iud half as b^as a common bafs violin in l.noiii, &c and ufcd to pljy n bal\ upon v\ith ii C'jnimon I)afs violin or viol. Vl'PER, S. [fl/.a-c, Fr. -vlpcra, Lat.] a ro'Tonnus lept'.le of the ftrpent kind. VlTEROUS, Adj. !)elonging (o a viper. VIRA'GO, S. [Lat ]a tcniaie warrior ; a mafculiue woman. Vl'RKN •', Adj. g\xtn ■ not withered. VILIGK, S. a dean's mace. , VI'RGINJ, S. [i-icr^e, Fr. i-lrgo, Lat] a iV) id ; any thing not ufed or foilcil. V[RG1N'AL, Adj. maidenly; belonging t") a virgin. Vl'i.GlN'.AL, S. f generally p-onounced in tiie pluralj a mufical iuilruracnt, fo Cillcd be- c.:u!c ufed by young ladies. VIliGINiA, ^. a liritilh colony of North- Amerira, firft difcovtred by the, celebrated Sir Waiter Raleigh in i£S4, and had its na-fe from our Virgin Queen. It is very happily fitu.ted, wi:h the river Polowmack on tile N. E. fepar.iting it from M<'ryland, and the Atlantic ocean on tile E. C:iro!ina en the S. ai;d the Apcl.;ci^ian mount:;;ns on the W. on York- river, is ixckoncd the heft in the world, and grncrally vtnded in Great- I^ritairi and Irel?nd, for In'oaking, fnuff, &c. the t ther fort Cilied, Oronoko, is feut to Holland, Denmark, S<'.eden, and Geimaiiy ; where it turns to equal acco 'lit for the planter. Vir- ginia coiitains (ifty-fourp.iiifhcs and churclus, thirty or forty of which have miniittrs, . with chape's of cafe in tho(e of larger ex- tent :" the maintenance of e.ich miniller is fettled at i6co pounds of tobacco per annum, befides peiquifiies. In ih!sc(dony are faid to be only 'wo r!efbyferi.in, and three f^i.iker nneting-houfes At Middl' plantation, or Wil- !i.-.n;fbuig, there is a college. Though the uGml method of traflic in this country is by baiter of one commodity with another, or of any with toiiacco, they have F.nglifhand Span- ifh coins in (liver. Vvhen any pcrfon in Vir- ginia is difubltd, through age cr fickuefs, he is placed in fomc pLinter's houfe at the public t'.arge ; and fucli is the liofpilality of (he planters to rtrangers, that there is no need of i ns. Of late only tliey have begun to build foits, depending ciiicfiy on a wcll-ngulated militia on land, and cruzitrs from Hnglandat fea. Thi)u::h Virginia abounds in fine timber and naval lt(,res, and it h:.s one grand h 1 hour after entering Chcafapeak- bay, between Cape Ciiarles and Ikiuy, yet they build no Hiip- ping. As here are few t'Wns, James-town and Wiiliamfburg being the principal, the planters rclide on their farms, which lie con- tiguous to fon-.e large river ; fo tiiat Ihips come up almofl to thtir doors, and take in tobacco lur tiicir lading. VI'RGl.Ni lY, S. [■vhglnite, Fr. i-irginUaSy Lat.] the (tate of a woman that has notienown man. VIi1I= V I s VIR IDI' r Y, S. [ziriHi'as, Lst.] f^rccncfs, j VlRi'LK, Adj. [i-jrilis, Lat.Jbclonj^ing to, I or becoiTiing a man, [ VI .• I'Ll FY, S. manliood j power of pr.o- cj-Cdtioti I VI RTUAL, Adj. [ih'!ud, Fr.] having the «-ffic:icy, though not tiic fcnfibic ^nd ma- ttriiil part. V;R rUALLV, Adv. in cfRa, though not formally. Vl'RTUE, S. [ivrfOT.fr. w'r/M, Lat.j a habit ofaftin^ ;i2rcl.al)Ic lo the rules of mo- rality, which improves and peifcdU ihc pof- i'eRoy i moral excellence ; a medicinal quality or efficacy; power ; excellence. Carciiu.I I'ir tuesi among iVIoralifls, arc, pnideiici, temj;c ranee, juftice, and fortitude. VIR I UO'SO, S. [it,.l.j a man curious in Colle<fling antique aid natural curiofitics. V i'Rl U OL'S, /\ dj {-oiytycvx, Fr. i-irtuoJui, Lat. ; habitually good ; chailc. Vl'RULENCK, or Vl'RULENCY, S. [from ViRULEN 1 ] acrimony, or bitterncfs of temper; maiiiinity. VVRL'LKNT, Adj.fFr. --vkulaitus, Lat.j poifonous j fhaip, Vl'SnGK, S. [Fr. -vif.iggn, Ital.] the countenance or look. Vl'SCKRA, S. the entrails or bowels. VI'SCERAL, or VI'SCEROUS, Adj. be longing to the bowtls. lo VI'SCKRATE, V. A. [-yif .actum, Lat.j to embowel, or take out the bowels VrsCID, Adj. [I'iJ'ciifus, Lat j icfembling glue ill its conliltence and flicking. . WSCCr ITY, S. {fifio/I.-/, Fr.| clammi- ncfs ; a oluifli or flicking quality. VI'SCOUNF, S. [ii/tcOT.v, Fr. pronounced ri-!cot;nr\ an order or dignity next to an earl : it was an ancient tide as an office, but a modern one as a dignity, being never men- tioned as fuch before t!ie reign of Henry VJ. Vi'SCOUNiLSS, S. the wife of a vif- count. Vl'SCOUS, Adj. ['c-if'^ucux, Fr. i'if,o/us, Lat.j (ticky, or glutinous. VISIBI'LITY, S. Ivi/Ililitas, Lat.] the quality of being fcen. VI'SIdLK, Adj. [Fr. -viji-ii'ls, Lat.j to be ptrccived by the eye; apparent. VrSi:iLY, Adv. [-vl'iijiLtnent, Fr.j in fuch a manner ?.s to be Icen a-.d petceived. VISION, S. [Fr. -uifio, Lat.j fight j the acft or faculty of feeing ; a fupernatural ap- pearance which a perfoii fees waking.. Vl'SlONARY, Adj. imaginaiy. To VISIT, V. A. [-vifio, Lat. -vlfjcr, Fr.j to go to fee. in Sc.ipturc, to feud good or evil in reward or punilhment ; to take a fur- vcy or infpedtion ot as a bilhop. Vi'Sir, S 'c^yiu, tr.j the aa of going to fee another. VITT.^'TION, S the furvey or infpec tion peri'o;med by a bilhop in hi.i diocefs, to cx.imiue into the Hate of the thurch j finy V I z calamity a ffli<ning a nation. Fcajl of the "vi- f.iiitkn, in the Romifli chuTh, a te(tiv;il ob- iti vcd in comnjcmoration of the vilit by the Virgin Mary to Eliz ibeth. Vl'SlTOR, S. \vijitcw, Fr.j one nppoint- ed to vifiC a mouailcry or religious houfe. Vl'SOR, S. I though written likewife to- fiir{I,'7'ifcir, 'vix"rd, ;f]')d fizc'- : J'lhnfbn pre- icrs i-iior, heciufe both nejre(} to lifus, J. at. and eoncurriug with.c7/<;j'^, a kindred word ; I'l/Joe, Fr j a m^(k ufed to i.i:,{igurc or dil- guife. Vl'SrA, S. [Lit.] a vie.v or profpert lhr()i:gh a long narrow pafli-ge or avenue. Vl'sUAL, Adj. [i-ijucl^ Fr.j iikd in fight. VITAL, Adj. rTvV67//i, Lat.j contribntin?, neccfl'dry lo, containing, or the feat (,f lite ^ enential. VlTA'Lrry, S. [lUaikas, Lat ] the pro- petty or aOion of life. Vi'IALS, S. [wiihouta fmgularj parts neceflary, or cllential to life. VIT iOUS, Adj. See Vicioes. To VITIATE, V. A, \_-vkk,; Fr.j to corrupt, debafc, or (poil. VI FIATION, S. thea«of delKifing, cor- rupting, ffjoiiing, «r dcHoweriiia. J o VJTILIT IGAlE, V. N. to dctrjO; to contend. Vi'TREOUS, Adj. gUdy; rei'emblina .dafs. ° VITRIFICATION, S. the art of turn- ing any thin;.' to gl.fs by th.e force of Hre. 1 VI' i RIFY, V. A. l-ukiuin, Lat. glafs, and^5, Lat. t.j btcomej to turn to gfils. VI' FRIOL, S. [ijUriclum, Lat.j a kind of m neral fait. VITLTERA'TION, S. blame ; cenfure. VIVA'CIOUS, Adj. [v.vax, Lat.j long lived; fprightly. VIVA'CIOUSNESS, or VJVA'CITY, .S. [th'uck!:', Fr.j fprightlinefs; livtluieli ; biilknefs. Vl'VhlNCY, S. manner of fupportlng or continuing life. VIVES, S. la-v'rjes, Fr.j a difeafc in hoifcs. Vi'VID, AJj. [i-iviJus, Lat.j lively ; quick; ffriking. VrVIDNtSS, S. livelinefs ; briflcnefs. To VI'VlFICAlE, V. A. [■vi'vificatum, Lat.j to quicken or give life, VlVIFlCA'FION, S. the adf of enliven- ing or quickening. To VIVltY, V. A ['vivifer, Fr.j to quicken or enliven. VlVl'l^AROLS, Adj. [-vivu!^ Lat. and pario, Lat j bringing forth its young alive. VI'X EN, S. I akiiiner derives it from Bitifi, and that of Bitchln, a fnarling birch j a wo- man who is both fubtle and abulive ; afio- ward child. VIZ, [the contradion of •videlicet,'] to wit. Vl'ZARD, UNA U N B VI'ZARD, S. See Visor. 1 UNA'DVISED, Adj. r^rti j wiihout tliii,-fe- VIZIER, S. [properly wifai] tlie piiaie | ir.p or ficliberatinjj. ir.iiiUK'i- of the Turkjlh empire. . | UN VFfllCTED, Adj. free from affccta- U'LCEK, S. [i:u;;rc, i'r. ulcus, Lat.] a i tion ; natural. ...\indof longcoiUinuance. i UNA'FFKCTING, Adj. not intercfting; To L'LCERA I F., V. A. [ukcnr, Fr. | not toucliipg the pafTions. j\'.'.vj, !.?.t.] 10 ^tful with ibrcsor ucrrs. ! UNALFtNABLF, A<.\]\ir>ajlenal>k, Fr.] LLCFR-ATION, S. [eXxa;r>i Gr.J break- ■ not to be made ovci to anothei -, not transfei- 4ne oiirin forcs or ulcers. I raole. " ■ " " ^ ' ' "' " ' " not 'U*LCEROUS, Adj [r.kerojua, Lat.] be- !o:T'in<i' to, or fail of ibres ou ulcers. ULrOiNOLS, Adj. (limy; muddy L'NAMl'ABLE, Adj. difagrecaLl to be defiled or c.)\eted. LNA'^TERAULE, Adj. fixed; fettled; L'LTIMATE, Adj. [:i!timatus, Lat] in- I not to be altticJ. iided as an end ; bit m a train of confe- UNANIMi'TY, S. [unamm-c, Fr. unar^ • Fr.i luiences. ULTRAMA'RINE, Adj. [ ouiia: from heyoiul Tea. ULTilA.M.VIlINE, S. am.ong Painters, tlie fineft Ibrt of blue colour. ULrHA'NPlOUS, Adj. fpontancuus ; vo- liiutary. ULULA'TION, S. howling like a dog or wolf. UiMBlLl'CAL, Adj. pertaining to thena- %cl. U'MDR AG E, S. Umlr&ge, Fr. umhra, Lat.] a HiaJ'- of trees ; a ili^dmv ; refcntmciu ; of- i'cr.ce. UMBRA'GEOU>, Adj. {owbragcux, Fr.] ihady. UMCRE'L'. A, S. a flcreen ; a fan ; a fhadc. UMri'R.AGr., S, the power of deciding-a .cor.trnveify ; (lie power of an umpire vii'.ci, Lat.] concord-, agreement ; conformi- ty, or union of fentiments. L"NAN1''.M0US. Adj. {^ur.an'-.mc, Fr. una- nhnis, Lat.] cfoncminJ; agreeing in opinicn. LNA'NSWERABLE, Adj. that cannot be dertied. UN.Vl'PESED, Adj. not pacified. UNA: PRO'AGHABLE, Adj. not to be come near. UKA'RMED, Adj. naked; withoiit de- fence. UNA'SKEi^, Adj. not required ; unex- pe(f>ed. UMA'SSISTED, Adj. without help. UN.ATTA'LNABL'i, Adj. «ot to be come at. UNATTE'MPTED, Adj. never tried at; never endeavouied. UNAI TE'N'DED, Adj. baving no attcn- UIviPlRE, S. [derived by Minllievv and dants; unaccompanied ; ne^lc-ftcd. Skinner from im fere, Fr,J an arbitrator, or UN A'VOIDABLE, Adj. not to be pre- OHC cbofen to decide a difpute. vented. UN, in compoUtion, implies negation, con- U'^JA'^VARES, Adv. un£xpc6led ; not trariety, and dillolution, or tbe not being lb ! looked for and in, together with tlit deflroyingof fome tiling ulicady done. Eeforc Adjciflivc?, it fig- nifies not, or a negation of their qu.;iity ; and before vei bs, it implies, that fomeihing is de- nied of dcft'oyed which has been done or To UKRA'R, V. A. [Jciinrer, Fr.] lo remove the bolt of a door. UN'BECO'MING, Adj. not confident v. iih decency and good manneis. UNBELl'tVER, S. an irfidel ; one -faid before : rhis particle is borrowed from that denies the truth of the Chriftian re the Goths and Saxons, who ufed it in the I ligion. i'ame fcnfe UNABA'SHED, Adj. not confounded ; not -sfhamcd . UN. '^ 'RLE, Adj. [of /n, neg. and laiilis, •Lat. j wanting ability, incapable. UNA':BS0LVED, Adj. not freed ; not ac- .quitted. UN.VCCEPTABLE, Adj. [hiacccl.tai^!is, Lnt.j unpleabng ; difrgreeable. UNa'CCEI'XED, Ad;, not received. UX.A'COUN rABLE, Adj. unrcafonable ; •nor to b,e accounied for ; not jurtifiable. UNACCOUN FA'iiLENESS.'S. unreafon- ablenclV.. I^NA'CCUSTOMED, .Adj. not ivfed to. UNA'CQUAINTED, Adj. ignorant ; not knowing. UNAC FIVE, Adj. iddle ; aiiggifh ; with- out tnvf ;oymeiu. UNBELI'EVING, Adj. difficult to be convinced ; increduloi-.s. 'J o UNliE'ND, V. A. to loofen or flackcn.; to relax ; to rtfrefli the mind. To uvberd a cah/e, among Mariners, to take it from the anchor. UNBENEVO'LENT, Adj. inhuman; un- favourable i unfriendly ; unkind. UNBE'WAILED, «^dj. uniamentrO. UNBIASSED, Adj. unprejudiced ; im- parti:;l. UNBI'DDEN, Adj. not dcfired ; uniu- litcd. UNBLA'MEADLE, Adj. innocent j irre- proacliable. uf^BL.A'.MEAELENESS, S. innocence j free from guilt. - To UNr.O'SOM, V. N. to lay open one's rr.ind to a friend. UN- U N D UNBOUNDED, Adj. unixflraineJ •, hew- ing no bniinJs. UNCANONI'CAL, Adj. not ayecing with tlie Canons of the church. To UNCA'Sli, V. A. to take out of a cafe; to (kin. UNCl.'RTArN, Adj. doubtful, UNC'RTArNrY, S. douLtfuIiiefs J ir- refolution. UNCHANGEABLE, Adj. immutable. UNCIIARI I'AliLE, Adj. void of charity; harfli. UMCHA'STE, Adj. lewd ; not continent. UNCLEA'N, Adj. foul; pollu'cJ. UNCO'MMON, Adj. not ulual. UNCOUTH, Adj. odd; harflij impo- lite. UNCOUTHNESS, S. unpolitenefs 5 rude- pcfs ; harlhntfs. U'NC'i'lON, S. [cnaion, Fr.] the ad of Snoinline. UNCfU'OUS, Adj.[ciii7ta'ux, Fr.] grcafy; fat. UNCULTIVA'TED, Adj. untilled ; not improved ; unpoliie. UNCU'STOMEI), Adj. not having paid the duties to tiie king. UNDAU'.'^JTEU, Adj. not to be frighten- ed ; firm ; refolute ; iniicpid. UNDAU'NTEDNESS, S. intrepidity j coiTrage. UNDE'CAGON, S. a figure of eleven angles or fides. UNDE'E, Adj. in Heraldry, vi'aved ; rc- fembling waves. U'NDER, Prep. [umLir, Goth. m:Jcr, Sax, ander, fjclg.j in a (late of fubjti^tion ; beneath j ])clow ; ia a lefs dc<>ree or quantity; with the Jhew or appearance of; in a (late of oppref- fion, dcpredion, or proteflion j in a ftate ot fubordination. U'NDER, Adv. in a ftate of fuLjeaion. Lefs, oppofcd to over ox r.'orc. Inferior ; ful)- ordinate : in tlie la(l fenfe it is generally ufcd in compofition, as v.e.'l as in ihofe of i'i/oiv or iincat/j. To UNDE'RGO, V. A. to fuffer. U'NDERHAND, Adv. in a fecret anJj difquict. U N I y?i;«d'<iff, Goth, and Sax. prctzt Jfcfb, Gotli. /hJ, Sax. J to have a perfecft knowledge or proper idea of j to comprehend or conceive. Neutcriy, to be informed. UNDERSl^A'NDINCf, S. that power of tlie mind by which we arrive at a proper idea or jndoment of tilings ; (kill j a (late free from dilpiiicor fufpicion. •loUNDERTA'KE, V. A. f prefer ««y.r- took, part, pafll ve//;wVrffl^f/;] to attempt or en- gigein; to engage or attack. Neuterly, to ■.Oume any I)Ui'inefs or province j to venture. To promife or warrant after dare. UNDERTAKE'R, S. a manager of fomc great woik ; a perfon who provides theneccf- farics for a buiial. UN'DER TA'KING, S. a dcfign formed. Ub4J)E'R-TREASURER, S. an officer Tubordinatc to the treafurer, who is to chelt up the king's trcafure, and fee it carried to the tre.ifury. To UNDER VA'LUE, V. A. to Value lefs than a tJiin'.; is worth ; to flight. UNOE'R WOOD, S. any wood that is not reckoned timber. ToUNDE'RWORK, V. A. to work- cheaper; to undermine ; to fiipplant. ToUNDE'RWKITE, V. A.toCi"n. UNDE'RWRITER, S. in commence, one who undertakes toinfure goods, (hips, 8cc, ftr a (lipulated premium. UNDESI'GNTN'G, Adj. free from malice; well meaning ; honed. UNDi'SClPLlNEP, Adj. in War, raw j not trained ; not perfcdt in their exercifs. To U'NDO, V. A. to take to pieces ; to ruin. To UNDU'LATE, V. A. [o»dofcr, Fr. un- dtilattim, Lat.] to roll like waves. UNDU'LATIOV, S. [ordulathn, Fr.] a motion like that of waves. UNDU'TIFUL, Adj. oifobedient ; rebel- lious btliaving with irreverence. UNDU'TIFULNESS, S. difobedience; be- haviour iroconfiftent with the refpecft we owe cur (uperiors or parents. UNE'ASiNES3,S. inconvenience; trouble, clanderiine mannc U N E3s:C EP TIO'N A BLE, Adj . irreproach- U'NDE'RLING, S. an inferior ; a mean | able ; applied to a perfon's charader, pcrfon. To UNDERMI'NE, V. A. [mh:er, Fr.] to make hollov; underneath ; to circumvent 5 to fupplant. ' UNDERMOST, Adj. lowefi. UNDFRNEATH, Adv. below. UNDE'R-PLOr, S. in Dramatic Poetry, a by-plot, a fubordinate intrigue. To CJNDE'R.RATE, V. A. to undervalue, to fct a price under tlie worth. To UNDE'RSELL, V. A. to fell for lefs than the worth ; to fell cheaper. To UNDF.RSTA'ND, V. A. [preter ur- id.rJJcod y from utidar, Golh, undur^ Sax, and To UNFO'LD, V. A. to open; to explain. UNGAFN, Adj. aukward. UNGO'DLY, Adj. negligene of God and his laws ; impious. UNHAPPY, Adj, miferable; wretch- ed. UNGU'EN'T, S. [ungucn:ui:i, Lat.] oint- ment. U'NI, in compofition, is borrowed from the Latin, and implies one, or fingle, as uni' am, a beaft with a fingle horn, from unur/i and corr.u, l.ar. U'NICORN, S. a beaft that has only one horn . I UNI- U N S UKIFORM, Adj. [u'if.rtrf, Tr.ur.'tforni!, iat. r«-gular J even; having all its torms alike. , UNIFO'RM, S. drefs peculiar to the dif- ferent corps oi an army. L'NltORMLY, Adv. regularly; after ore laanrvcr- UKIFO'RMITY, S. [utiiforrr^i:/. Fr. vr:- fcrnthcs, Lar. | ccnformity i agreeing in iiil iii parts; of tlve fjme Ihape and faiiiicp. V'MON, S. [Fr. unio, Lat. i the ^ct of joining two or more, <oas to make them one; concord. In Law, the Combining f-vo cliuich- es OT kingdoms in one, in that ihcy niav he iJBTjir.iiieicd by one miniiler, or j^'-veuud by one kiiT<^. ir'NlSON, S. a {; ring that is in ti.c fame fcwrxl with another. U'NIT, S. one; thatwliuhha^ the Jirfl jkice of numbers in vulgar ai-ithmctic UNIl A'RIANS, S. [ta:iu.:re, Fr.] a here- tic whuf'enics the unity ct the Goahead in three perr<ji>s ; a Socinian. To- i'Nri E, V. A. \t:r:i:-u!, Lat.] to join in as to m^kconc j to make agree ; to con- cur. U'NITY, S. tlie (late of being but one ; concntd. UNIVE'RSAF., Adj. \ vnh<erfrlh, Lat. J general, or extending lo all ; total j compril- iii.g ail particuLirs or Ipecies. VNIVERS'' , S. \in,h-crs, Fr. unkrrfi.ut, Lat. ] the whole fylicm of created being.<i and t'.\rnos. UNIVF'RSITY, S. [ urWcrftai, Lat. ] a fi-liool., or ci'Ikftion oi colleges, where all ilic lii.eral aits arc taught. UNIVOC^^L, Adj. [mnvoan, Lat 1 hav- ing but one meardng ; regular or iinmuta- ble. To ITNKF'NNE!., V. A. in Hunting to •Vive <)r force from a hole. 'Jo UNLa'CE, V. A. to undo a lace. 71 j vnhxf a forey, in Carving, to cut it up. I'NLAW'hUL, Ad\. cor.trary to law. L'K'Ll.'SS. ConjciKft. txtcit ; it not. U'NLU'CLY, Adj untortimbte. To UNMOCVR, V. A. among Mrrintrs, to »(>';h anrhoi. in order to put to fca. U.Nl'Kh'ChDKN-l ED, Adj. not jullifia- ble l.y ai^y exam pie UM'KOf ITABLF, Adj. ufclefs ; with- eiu iidvsntage. I NRECLA'IMED, Adj, in Falconry, un tamed ; wit*. UNRTGHTEOUS, Adj. wicked ; pro- J'ine. UNSA'VOURY, Adj. taftelefn fetij ; itJgiilling. UNSKA'^('»N'ABLE, Adj. not fuitahlc to ti'nie or occalioK ; laic : <ii, ui:j,-a,tr.uLl^ t'mu L NofilE'MLY, Adj. uubtci^ming ; inde- cent. VOL UNSKI'LFULjAdj. wanting art or k.now- iedge USSlL'ArY, Adj. inconftant, variable. UNTHA'NKFUL, Adj. ungrateful. 'i o UNI RU'SS, V A. to ungird or untir, Jo un'ruj's a J Ant, fignifics to unbutton the biecctief, in order to caie thebody. UNWa'RY, Adj. imprudent; precipi- tate. UNWHO'LESOME, Adj. ini'dlubrious ; tainted UN WO'RTHY, .=.dj venting merit} r.ot adequate : unbecoming. VOCA'RULARY, S. [focahw'a-re, Fr. i (.- enLi lurium, La^.J a book containing a collec- tion of words without their exphcations. VO'CaL, Adj. [Fr. -^■ocjIu, Lat.J having a voice ; uttered or founded by the voice. VO'JA'TION, S. [Fr. -L-vratk, Lat.] i fummons; a trade; the fecret caliingof God Cm I nv partic'.il.M office. V(./C.-\T1 VK, S. yiocat'iTUT, Lat. tocotif, Fr.j in Grammar, that cal'cof a noun which we ufe when «e call or fpcak to a perfon VOClFtRA'TlON, S. [i:odfe,atio,U.l.] clamour. VO'GUE, S. [Fr.j falhion j or general cur;(/ni. \ OICE, S. [•voix, Fr -vox, Lat ] a found produced in the iliroat and mcuih of an ani- mal, by which he communicjtes his idejs ; a vote or opinion. In Grammii, a circum- (tuncc in verbs, whereby tliey arc dilhnguilh- ed into aftivc, paffive, ^c. VOiD, Ai'ij. [yuide, Fr.] empty, or con- taining nothing ; Tain or inetrciftual ; null ; ui.fjpplied, or having no polTc ior ; dciiitute ■ of. VOin, S. an empty fpace. To VOID, V. A. [■vuuic; Fr.] to quit or lc;;vc empty ; lo emit or pour out ; to an- nul or nullity. VOi'DER, S. a bafket or trough in which me.it and other things are carried fkoni t..blf. VO'lTURE, S. [Fr.j cani.ige. VO'LaN 5 , ^flj. fFr. I'oiam, Lat.] flying or pafling ihiou^h the air ; nimble. VO'L.-^'IILETAdj. ItolatUis, *-at.J fi>ing or pi.lTing through the air ; Ipnituous, or dif- (ipiitmg in the air ; lively ; fickie. VOLE, .S. [Fr.] in Gaming, a flake wherein a perfon plays alone, and undertakes to win all the tricks. VOLCA'iMO, S.[ltal. from ■vukanus, 'Ldit.'] a 'cL'.rning mountain. VOLITION, S. [toHtlo, Ljt.] theaftual exerciie of the power the mind has to confi- der, lit forbear confidcriiiv>, any id-a, or to prtler the motion of any p rt ot the body t» iis relL VO'LLV, S. [■vcllcc, Fr.] a difchargc or fht^ht of fiiot. ▼OLUBl- vow U R A - VOLURI'LITY, S. rw«/-;7;.v', Fr. 1 .ipt- hromif;.'. Keutcrly, to make vows or folcraa rcfs tf) roll ; aflivity of tongue j fluency oK promifes. fpccch. , VOWKL. S. [ -vcycllf, Fr. -vocalh, L:it. I -a VOLU'BLF, Aflj. [■'yo/«Z'i7(j, Lat.] fortnctl Irttt-r wlilcli Conns » founJ, Kjrmayucpie- fo as to roll calily ; roliin^ ; nimble Fluent n uinceJ by itfclf. of fpcech, applied to- the lonaiic VO'LUMF, S ['ioLmcn, Lut ] fomcrliino rt>llcd up ; as much as is rnlkd at once ; a book, alluding tothe ;ncient method of rolling manitfcrips on a ft ff. VOLU'MINOUS, Adj. confifling of many volumes. VOLUNTARILY, Adv. wiirugly ; free- ly ; witlioiit beir ;;; afked . VOLUNTA'RINESS, S. willini^nef'. VO'LUNTA^Y, Adj. ['vdunufrcVv.vo- hiiitji'tus, Lat ] tionc l>y a motion of tlie will free fio.n compulfion, or v\iilK)Ut being afked VO'LUNTAivY, S. .1 p'ecc of muficplay- cd at will, without jny (cttled rule : generally ?pplicd to ilie pieces pi lyed at thurcli bet\vcen the pfalms and 'he firfl lelTon. VOLU.VTE'ER, S. a loldie-- ..vho enters of his r>wn accord, or ferves v.'ithom pay. VOLL'ITUOUS, Adi.[t5/.v/>.Vf/is, Lat.J given to t-xccfs of pleifisrcj Anftjal. VOLU'Tii, S. [Fr.] a member of a co- lumn rc7rc!l-nting 2 roll. VOMICA, S. an cncyflcd tinnonr iu the lungs. To VOMIT, V. N. fo^w/o, Lat.l toJif- charge from the (I'omach by the mou'.h j to throw up with^ violence. V0«.A'C10bs, Adj. {vor.icc, Fr. wax. I^t ] ereedy ; inimodtr.-.tely eager after food. VORA'CITY, S. [t'o><7,;Vas, Lat.jgreedi VOY'AGF., S. r'PCM;^, Fr.] any diftancc pifleJ, or to be p;'iTed. by wrter ; diirni'^i'lhel in r ngliHi from any dill .nee travelled by lanil. wh'ch is then Cjlkd a jourmy. UP, Adv. r«P> "/'/>«'• u/ott, Sax. nj>, Relg. and Dan | on high, oppofed to tijivn : out tjf bed, orarifen \ in a flate of preferment ; climb- ing ; infurredlion j from younger to eJJier years. Up and Joivii, he e and there ; dil- perferily ; hackwird and forward. Up wita is r.fed to exprcfs the railing any tiling to flrike with. UP, Intcrjetfl, is ufed to exhort a petfon lr» rife from a feat s»r bedjor to rou.'chimtoactioin. UP, Prep, from a lower to a higher part, oppofcd to ik-tvn. T^iis woi d is often idld ra i;omn()iitift!i, 111 aimed all the linfti produced in the adverb, or prcpofiiion. To UPBRAID, V. A. [up^chradcn, ut-^e- brcda;:, SaK.] to charge with any tiling dif- grnceful ; to mention by way of reproach ; to rcf ioach with having received favours. To UPHO'LD, v. A. to fuppoit or main- tain ; to favour. UPHO'LSTERER, S. one who deals in houfhold furniture. UPLA'KD, S high ground. UP'MOST, Adv. Ian irregular fuperhtive from Ur>J the hig'ieft. UPO'N, Prep [t'pon, Sax ] on the top or OBtllde 5 in confecf lence of ; by ; afrer ; in confideration of. Sometimes it denotes re- nefs J gluttony j devouring with great e^ger- ■ iiHnce, trufi-, or fituation over or near. nefs. ^ U'PPER, Adj [otper, Bclg.J hi-her i.a VO'HTEX, S. [Lat. p!t:ral t(;.-7zV«] any! pl.ice ; fuperior. thin'.r whirled round. j U'PRJGHT, Ad), flraight ; perpendicular-; VO'TAilY, S. r^jo//,ff;, Lat. I one devoted, j erect ; honel^, without the leafi bias to the as by a vow, to any particular religion or opi-contriry ; (Incere ; juft. nion, &c. UPRrGlITNESS, S. ftr.ightncfi; ho- VOTE, S. ['votum, Lat.] a voice or fuf- nedy ; fincciity; juiinefs frage given for a candidate. j UPrlOAR, S. [formerly written j/;.rt)r^ ; To VOTE, V. A. to give one's fu.'?/.ige in oprcer, Belg cpror, Dan. aufub-, Teut J a tu- behalf of a candidate. mult, or tumultuous commotion. VO'TIVF, Adj. given by vow. UPSHOT, S. the iffuc, end, or luecefs of To VOUCH, v. A. [-vouciir, Morm ] to an undertaking, call to witnefs ; to attefl, maintain, or fup- U'P^IDE-DOWN, an adverbial form of port. Neuteily, to be;r witnei":;, or give te.'ti-i fpcech. fignifying with total reverfement ; iji mony. VOU'CKER, .S. one who gives witnefs to any thing ; any thing ufed in evidence, or as a proof. To VOUCHSA'FE, V. A. to permit any tiling to be done without danger ; to conde- fcciid. The firft (enk is fcldom ufed. VOW, S. [^vceu, Fr. ■votum, Lat.] any pro- mife made to a divine power 5 a folemn and liligious promife, . To VOW, v. A. ['vcuer, Yt.wjeo, Lat.] to ;jive or dedicate to a religious uFe by folemn compicte diforder. L^PSTA'RT, S. oae who has rofe from meannefi: and obfcurity to riches and opu- lence, and behaves v/uh infiilence, U'PWARD, A.dv. [:/;. and wf^ri/, Sax.J direfted to a higher place. U'PV/ARD, or U'PWARDS, Adj. to- wards an highf r place ; Towards heaven, or any fource. More than, applied to cjuantity or number. URA'NIA, S. [oupavia, Gr.] one of the nine mufes^ laid to preUde over aftronomy. URBA'- USE URBA'NITY, S. [urhanit/, Fr. whamtJs, tat. j civility^ or politcncfs agreeuble to a'city life. U'RCIIIN, S. [hcjcrclin, Arm. erlnaceus, Lat.] a hed.^e-hog. Applied to a child, in flight anger or contempt. URE'TERS, S.[uy,ieres, Fr.] membrane- ous vcfiels wiiich convey the urine from the reins to the bladder, URS'lHRA, S. the pafLge of the urine. To URGE, V. A. [urgio, Lat.] to incite or pufh ; to provoke : to prcfs or cntbrce 3 to offer by way i^f objciTLion. URGE'NCY, S. prcfling importunity ; hafic of bufmcls ■■, necc(Fty of being done. U'RGENT, Adj. [Fr. «;»fw, Lat. j co- gent ; prefllng ; violent. U'RIM, S [Hcb. light] Dr. Newron fup U X o U'SHTR, S. \lu-[!cc, Fr.]_one who is em- ployed in introducing Itrangcrs, or in pre^ paring the way before any great pcrfon ; a perlbn employed by the head-mailer of a fchool to tcjch for him. To U'SHER, V. A. to introduce. USQUEBA'L'GH, S. a compounded dif- tilled fpirif, drawn from arom^itics. U'STIOM, S. In Surgery, the aft of fear- ing with a r;.'. l5ot-iron. To USTLLAT£, V. A. to burn or flat. U'SUAL, Adj. {r,jucl, Fr. ] common ; cuftomary-; happcnmg often. USUFRt'C i , S. the temporary ufe or en- joyment of any thing, without power to aiie- naie. U'SURER, S. [ufurkr, Fr. ufura, Lat.] one who lends money out at intcrefl, v'ulgar- pofes this, name given only to fignity the 1 ly applied to one who demands exorbitant cleaniefs and ctrtaint}«of the divine aufwers intereft obtained by the piieft confiiiting God with hi.« breail-plate on, in oppoliticn to thofe of the lieathen, which were generally ambiguous and enigmnticaj, .URI'NAL, S. {unna:e,Yx.'\ a glafs vcflel tiled by fick people to make water in. U'RINE, S. [urimi, Lat.] the water which palTes, through an animal body. L'RN, S, [urne, Fr. urna, Lat.] any vefTel having its moiitli nartower than the body ; a water-pot ; a veflel in which the remains ot the dead were anciently depofited. - UROMA'NCY, S. a divining or gueHing at the C2ufeof a difrafe by urine. U'RSA-M^jOR. S. in Altronomy, the Great Bear, a confteliation, in the northern hemifplicrc, commonly called Charles's Wain. URSA'-MINOR, S. in Agronomy, the Lcflcr Ecar, a northern cendelhtion, con- fiuing of fcven flars. L'S, the oblique cafe pluril of L r'SAGE, S. [Fr.J treatment ; praflice long continued; manners. U'SANCE, S. [Fr.]intcrea paid for the To USU'RP, V. A. \ufurf:r, Fr. ufurpo, Lat.] to feizc or take polleflion of by force, and contrary to liglit. USURPATION, S theaa of wrongfully taking what belongs to another. U'bURY, S. ^ujur^'e, Fr. ufiirta, Lat.] mo- ney paid for interell ; demand of exorbitant intcrelt. UTENSIL, S. [ utenfle, Fr. ] an inflru- mcnt ukd in an houfe, kitchen, or trade. UTt-RUS. S. .{Lat.] the womb. UTI'LIIY, S. [uiilke, Fr. uth'kai, Lat.] ufefulncfs ; profit ; advantage. U'TMOST, Adj. {umaf}. Sax. from Utter] extreme; in the higheft degree. Ufcd fubftantivcly for the moft that can be conceived (<r dune. UTfER, Adj., f Sax. ] fituated on the outfiuc ; oi;t of any pl.ice; extreme ; excef- five ; utn-.oll ; entire ; complete. To U'TTER, V. A. to fpeak, pronounce, or csprefs l)y the voice; to difclofc j to Icll or expofe to fsle; to difperfc. UTTERANCE, S. the manner or power life of money. In Commerce, applied to the lof fpeaking time generally given for payment of a hill j U'TTERMOST, Adj. the highefl degrcej of exchange, which differs in diff>:rent coun- |moft remote USE, S. [lifus, Lat.] the aft of employing any thing to auy particular piirpofe ; quality v.'l.ii'h makes a thing proper for any purpofc; need, or occafion; advantage, convenience, or help 5 a cuftom ; money paid for iiiterefh Note, the/ in the fubft-intive is pronounced fhr.rp. like a c, to diftinguKh it from the verb, which is founded hoarfe like a ^. To US(, V. A. {uf.r, Fr. ups, Lat.] to employ to any particular purpofe ; to accuf- tom ; to treat. • U'SEFUL, Adj. convenient, profitable, or conducive to any end; USEFU'LNESS, S. profitablenefs _; con- venieucy ; the quality of affilling ia any end. VU'LCANO, S. [Ital.] a burningmoun- tain t!iat emits flame, fmokfe, and allies. VU'LGAR, S. the common people. VU'LNERABLE, Adj. [Yr. ■vulueraLi!}!, Lat.] capable of receiving wounds. VULTURE, S. a large bird of prey re- markable for voracity. UXO'RIOUS, Adj. [uxoriow., Lat.] too fond of a wife. w A letter peculiar to the northern language, is compounded of two ^ Vs joined together; though not afed by the Hebrews, Greeks, or Romans, yet among w W A I aTTinrig llie Arabians, Teutonics, Germans, i WATN, S. acontraaion of Wagcok ; gsi- Saxotr;. and Britons, it was very common. — neraliy drawn by oxen. In the bes^inning ot words it is a confonaiit, I WAi'NSCOT, S. [wargenfcot, -zvaniifcoTr and at the end a vowel ; it is placed before all jTeut. j.thc wooden covering laid over a walF vowels except u, and is founded like an u at : within a hoiife. the end oi" words. I To WAI'KSCO T, V; A. to line or cover To WA'BfeLE, V. N. to move in a ' walls with boards, clvmfey munner from (ide to fide. | VV.AIR, S. a piece fof limber two yards WAD, S. [iveod, Sax.J a bundle of Uraw \ long, r.nd a foot broad. Jhrullclofe together. , I \\' tA?,'!, %. \gicsfc, 'Q\\\.. frcm givnfenl Vv'A'D-HOOK, in Gunnery, is a rod with 'the fmalklt part cf the body below the ribs, an iron fcrew at the end to draw the wadding I To WAIT, V. A. [ivaiLtJii, Tclg.] to ex- whtn the loading is to be drawn out of a pcft \, to ftay for ; to attend ; to threaten as gun. a confcciucnce. Neutcrly, lo expert, or ftand WA'DDTNG, S. [nuad.-vatU Tfl.] a kint'. 'in expectation of. Ufe'd with cti or tfron, to of foft rir.ffloofely woven, iifed for Itullinir i attend as a fcrvanr. To ftay till a perfon the fides of mens cojts, and between llie|CpI^e3, iifcd \\\\.hfir. two coverings of cloaks. In Gunnery, the I WAIT, S.an ambulh; a mnncian p.-iid for paper, flax, i&c. mmmed into a gun to keep attending on procclTions in a town, the bullet from roiling out, and clofe to the WAl' PER, S. an attendant; a piece of powder. plate, or wood, on which ii,lalies, Oi. are prc- To W.VDDI-F, V. N. f^f/TT^W^,;, Belg."] (cnted. to fliake from fide to fide in walKing. To WAKE, V. A. [tiyvw.", Sax. tvechcn. To WADE, V. N. ii-ado, L?t.J to walk B».lg.J to roufe from flt-ep ; to excite to ac- through waters; to pafs with difficulty and i tion ; lo biing again to lite. Neutprly, to luboiir. watci'. ; to be roufed from fletp or fupihenefs ; \\'A'PER, S. [wflyt/, Helg] a thin cake ; from wdjlfw, Goth. nvaicJii, Sux. ^-Jicck'ifi, pa!fc ufed in clofmg letters. To WAFT, V. A. [perhaps from Wave] to carry tr.rough the air Or the water. Neu- tcrly, to float. "WAFT, S. a floating body ; the motion of a dreamer. To WAG, V. A. fwagian. Sax. 'zvaggcn, Belg. ] to move o\ (hake lightly. JJeurcrly, to move or go. WAG, S. [luagon. Sax.] any one archly merrv. To WAGE, V. A. [iva^g.r, Teut,] to at- Bslg. WAKE, S. the feafl kept in commemora- tion of the dedication of a chinch, {a called becaiifc formerly kept by watching •.!l n:<.;lu. WA'KEFUL, Adj. not inclin.'!'>'le to fleep. To WA'KEN, V. N. to ceafe from ficep. Aclivcly, to roufe from deep or fupintnefs. MALE, S. [tcv.V, .«;j::. a web. J a riling mark in a piece of eloth. WALES, a principality in the W. cf Ehj;bnd ; comprehending laccunties, nan-,£- !y Anc^lefey, Carnarvanfliirc, Dcnbighliiire,. tempt, To make or carry on, followed byWAR.^ Flintiliire, Merionethdnre, andMontgonjery- W.A'GEPv, S. a bett, or any thing pledged i fhire, ia North Wales j Brccknocklhicc, Car- as a flake. ! diganlliire,Caermaithenfhire,Gkmorganihire, WA'GES, S. [not ufed in the fingulav, ! I'embrckclhivc, and Radmorftiire, in Smith ivigen, ii'agen, Teut. goges, Fr.j money paid j Wales. 'I his country is for the mofr part forftrvice. | mounrainoiis, and yet its produce is fiifacicnt WA'GGERY, S. mifchicvous entertain- 1 for the maintenance of the inhabtan.s. It is ment ; wantonncfs. ' the country where the ancient Britons fled, WA'GGISH, Ac*j. knavifhly, or mifchiev- j when this iflandwas invaded by tlie viftorious oudy merry. Saxons, v.ho are now called Welch, and con- To WA'GGLF, V. N, rwi7r-/v/t.v, Teut J i tiniie to prefervc their own language. 1 he to move from one fide to another. j weflern part is bounded by St. George's chan- WA'GGON, S. [ivarg-r, Sax. TtvrgZien, | nc!, a."d the Irifli Tea ; on the S. by Eri(l6l' Kelg. f.7c--;, Jfl.j a heavy cahiage going on i channel; on the N. by the Irifli Tea .; and on four wheels. the E. by the counties of Chef^er^ Salop, WA'G GONER, S. [tvaeg^ener, Eelg.] one tb.at drives a waggon. WAIFS, S. in L;.«-, goods or cattie that are loir, which belong to the king, or lord of Hereford, and Monmouth. It contains 751 «arifnes, 58 market towns, andaboVe '^co^cco people. The air is clear and (harp, but the cattle are fniafl, and provifions in general the manor, if they are not claimed within a good and cheap. Wales is particul^irly re year and a day. mavkable for goat.=, which naturally delight in To WAIL, V. N. Igiial.ire, ItaK]to mourn hilly countries: and for iewcl, they ufewor.d, or lament. Neuterly, to exprefs forrow au- coals, and turfs. They h^vc feveral creeks, '*''"''y- _ . atid haVbours for fhips, but the mofi remjrk- \V'A'ILI^'G,S.bmentatronjixidiblefon*w. able rsMillord-li.-.Vcn ; becaufc icco vc^els I mjv WAN WAR ii»ar fafclt' ri^e in it at a time. It i« watered I woman that wants one of the other fex] hC- with iiiany rivtrs, of which the princip:d are jcivi3us, lultiul ; gay ; loofe j luperfiuous or the Dee, Wve, Ufk, Conway, Ciuyde, and I luxuriant. To WA'N rON, V. N. to hchave in a laf- civious, or j^ay mjimer. WAl'E'NrAKK, S. {fmm vafun^ Si\. and t,acan. Sax. ] a hundred (o called from a meeting, wherein a hundred men, who were under their cHrlJoi m.m, allembled, and touched his or each other's ivcafons, in token wt ti eir fidelity and allegiance. WAR, S. \%ueirc, Belg. luarcr, Sax. ^iifrrf, 7t, ^uirra. Span.) the exeic'ifc of violence un- der l".;vereign command aga'nlt fuch as with- itand, or oppofc ; iheindrumeiits of war ; an iirniy ; the pfofcffion of a folditr, a ft jtc of oppofition. To WAR, V. A. to oppofe an armed enemy hy the conimand of a fovereign ; iifei wiih on, or upon, agi'iift, or ivitb. 'io WA'RBLE, V. A. ["-^oZ.v; old Ttut. ludfjeler, mod. Teut.] to quaver, or niodu- Ijte ; to ting. WARD, ufcd at the end of words in com- f ohtion", implies tlic tendency or direftiou of any motion, and is derived from w:'j;-<^, Sax. or ivairib, Gotli. To V/A^D, V. A [iver'wn, icearderiy^tiY.. "warde. 111. ivarcr., \le\g. garder , Fr j to guard or watch; to defend or protect, followed I.y ficw. To turn afide any thing hurtfnl. — 'I he hrlt 'info is fcldoni ufed — Neutcrly, to aft with a weapon upon the defenf-ve. WARI.>i S. the didridlor divifjon of a ;ov.n; from •je/Jn/.r, low L.at. Confinement, fliepartscfa lock wh'.ch hinder its being unlocked by any I)ut the proper key j the Oale of a perfon under a p^uardian. \VA RDBN. S. \v.-aerdcn, Bclg.] a keeper; a chict officer. Loi d IFardtn of the Cinque Ports, is the governor of thcfc havens, having the authority of an admiral, and ifTuing writs in his own name. H'ardcn of thi Mint, an otFicer who receives the bullion, pays for if, and Ikis the fupcrintendance of the other offi:cri. WA'RDER, S. [ga'deur, Fr.] one who keeps watch in the day-lime. JVaiders of the Tczvcr of Loi-.don, officers who wait at tlie g '.tes to take an account of perfons com- ing i.ito ihe Tower, and to attend ftatcpti- fjntrs. V/A'RDMOTE, S. [iveardn:ot. Sax.] a court held in every ward in the city of Lon- don, tor choofing officers, and doing other bu.^mefs of the ward. WAR'DKOBE, ^.[garder'jb€,YT.] a rcom whete clo.iihsare kept. WARE, preter of We ar, more frequently written Wore. WARE, S.[ivarn, Sax ivaere, Belg. -wara, Swcd.j fomcihing expoled to be fold. W/'.'RFARE, S. S^iuare andfare/i, Sax.] a Twv, The pri.icip..! towns mnft be fought for under the names of tf.e counilts. To WALK, V. N'. [■!£.'(».'(•>!, Teuf. tvea/- can. Sax.] to move li-ikireiy, bypiacin^^ the feet ahernitely before each ether ; to act on anv occafion, or in any particular manner. Neurcrly, lo pafs llnough on foot ; to leid cut Aith A 11 >w pace. WALK, S ilie nft of moving on foot ; {•nit or m. inner of moving ; ttse diltancc to which a perli'n goes on foot ; an avenue let with trees ; a v\ay or road; the liowelt oi leaf! raifcd pace of a horfc. WALL, S. [ival, Br;t. w ' /, Sax. ivjIIc, Belg. -viiiivm, Lat.ja pile of brick or fionere- pniai I y cemeiircd witli mortar ; the (ides ot a biiildiui; ; works huiit for defence \ To r../'e tieivad, is to take the upper pLc.;. To g'l-vi the ivai!, is to yield, or acknowledge ones lu- jtiiority To WALL. V. A. to inclofc or defend by a wall. W^.'LI ET, S. {ivallbr, Sax.] a bag in which i traveller carries his necelfiries. WA LL-E'YED, ■ dj. having white eyes. To WA'LLOP, V. N. [w.tf;-«, Sax.J to l.cih To WA'LLOW, V. N. \ivallncan, Goth. •wiihv'nin, Sax.] to ii ove in a heavy or ciun-.fy manner; to roll in miie, or any thing fiithy. W.A'LNUT, S. [ivah.oi, Belg.] a large nut wcl! knt.wn. To W^'i^iRLE, V. N. [wf.-i.mrkn, Belg.] lo roil with fickneis, or kj'.eamijhnefs, ap- plied to the ftomach. W.AN, Adj- [iVijn, Coih.'Zi.'iJwff./, nv.vann, Sax ] pale; fiekly. wAND, S. \i'annd, D;n.] a lon<Mod. To WA'NDEK, V. /.. [-wamln.in, Sax. •zrardi/eti, elg.] to move or go .-.liout without a ly crrtuin courfeor icttiemeiit ; togoa(tra\. Actively, to travel over v.iu'iout a^y certain conr'e. WA'NDERIM'j, S. uncerain feregrina- tion i uncertainty. To WANE, V. N. [See Wan ; iiar.hn Sax.] todrcreafe or grow Jcls ; applied to the moon. 7o decline.. WANF, S. (See Wan] the dccreafe of the moon ; decline. W ANN' ESS, S. p^lenefs ; langn-.r. To WANT, V. A. l^^uarne. Sax.] to be witlKuitj or ftiiid in need of, ibmething fit or rtCL-ilivy ; to kf dcfec'tive, vr fall fhort ; to wi!h for or detire. Ntuteily, to be defective in any particular ; to fail ; to be niified. WANT, S. need or necefiiiy ; aeficiency ; the if ate ot not having ; poverty. WA'NTON, Adj. fM;nlhew and Junius derive it Irom ivar:t and t/ie, i. t. a man or j (late of enmity; a ftatcof war and "ppofit on. I WA'RILY, V/ A R WA'RTLY. Adv. prudently; caiitioufly. _ WA'RINF.SS, S. prudencej circumfpec- tion ; raiuioi|irnefs. WARK, v.frj at t'le end of words, fignifies a building or work. WA'dl-IKK, Adj. l-iLKv/Lc, Sax.] hclong- ing to the militaiy art ; valiant ; (I'oiU. WARi.OCK, or WARLUCK, S. [wtv- Jog, Sax.] a witcli ; a wizzard. WARM, Adj. [ivaniie, Gotli. iv^arm, Sax. J heated in a (mall degree. Finuralive- ly, zealoii?, violent, furious, padionatc, fan- ciful. To WARM, V. A. {■wai-mgan, Golh. lUftirmian, tvfrman, Sax.] to heat gently ; to make vehcmtnt, or afft(ft with any paf- Hon. WA'RMNESS, S. [iva'mc, Tent.] heat ; violentnefs. WARMTH, S, gentle heat. Figuratively, zeal, or ardour. To WARN, V. A. [ivarman, Sax. wfl.v- nen, Beig ] to caution againtb any ill or dan- ger ; to give notice of (ome future ill ; to ad mouifh, or put in mind of fomething to Lt performed, or forborn. WARNING, S, notice given before-hand of fomeevil or danger, or of the coiiicijucncc of any aflion. WARP, S. [nuenrb. Sax. wrr/i, Belg.] the thread which crofics the woof in wcav ing To WARP, V. N. [lucorpan. Sax. tua- pen, Belg. ] to change its form l)y weather o' time. Aftively, to contra;ft or (Inivel ; to turn afide from its true diroi^ion, or from juftice. Among mariners, to haul a fliip to a particular place, by a rope failcned to an anchor, again ft the tide or wind. ToWA'RRANT, V. N. [garraml; Fr.' to fupport, maintain, or attelt ; to give au- thority to ; to juftify ; to enfine. WA/RRANl", S. a wr.t conferring fome right or authority, or giving an officer of juf- tice the power of draining or arrffling ; a commiffion by which aperfon isjuflificd j a right. WA'RRANTABLE, Adj. that may be juflified or maintained. WA'RRANTilY, S. in Law, a covenant entered into by the feller to make good the bargain again fl all perfonsand demands. WA'RREN, S. [^vaerande, Relg. garer:nc, Fr.] a kind of park, or inclofure for rabbits, ©r hares. WA'RRIOR, S. a foldier. WARsE, Adj. rSaK.J worfe. V/ART, S. [ivcirr. Sax. lunt, Belg.] a horny excrefcence growing on the hands or ether parts. WA'RWICK, S. the county town of V/ar- wickfhire, (lands on the river Avon, ovei vhich it h.as a flonc bridge of n. arches on an .srKtat fo rocky, on all iides, thst the avenues WAS ito It are cut through the rock ; yet it Ins p Va- liant meadows to the S. and lo.'ty grovis ui.d fpacious parks to the N. It is pretended to jhavebcen founded hy Kymbeline, orCimhe- ' line, who fiourillied in the time of oiu-Saviotr, .iiid indeed it feems to have been cniincKt in rile Roman times. It was almo^ confumi-d by fire in 1694; but was magnifiL-.-niy lebui't iiy the voluntary contributions of the nation, the (tone being dug from the rock on which ir (lands. Four ways lead to it, anfwering the four points, wliich terminate in four fhcets meeiinpin the center of the town. It is fup- plied with water by pipes from fprings about half a mile difhint. Here is a calUs Ilrong both by nature and art, being built upon a rock forty fathoms from tlie river, and was formerly ofgre.it confequence in time of war. It is now the feat of lord Brook. The town has a conliderable trade in malt ; and thougii the place is populous, !» as but two parifljcs, and yet it has a fine iiofpit;il, and three chcr^ty I'chooi?. 'J he corporation is governed by jl mayor, 12 brethren, and 24. burgellcs, and fends z members to parii.imcnt. It gives title of earl to the faniily of R ieh, as it did former- ly to thatof Nevil. Ith.itli fivef.iirs, viz on the- hrll Monday in Lent, May-day, Midfummer, St. Bartiioiomew, and St. Simon and Jude« Markets, Tuelday, Friday, and Saturday. Lat. <;', dcg. 20 min. loi g. « dog. 3; min. and diit.Tut from London SS mibs. WA'RWICKSlXh;, S, a county in Eng- land, bounded on the W. by Worccitcrlhire; on the S. by Gloucefterlliire ; on the N. by Dcrbylliire and StjlFordlliire ; and on the F. by Northamptonftiire. Its dimcnfions are various, fome making it 40 miles long, and 30 broad, and others 35 miles long, and 26 broad. It contains about 6j^,oco acres, 5 hundreds, 158 Parifiies, 17 .market towns, about 22,000 houfes, and ^55,000 iniiabitants. Its air li excellent, fjll rich, end its chief produce C(;ri;, wool, wood, iron, and coal, and tlie it^h:- bitants make good malt, and checfe. This county, though fituated fo far from the fe.i, may, for deligb.t, plenty, and cor.venience of life, be equalled w'h any in tlie kingdcrr-, being well watered with rmny rivers and rivulets 5 the princip:>l of the former being the Avon, and fame ; and the extenfive iron manufacture.'; carried on at Birmingham, con- tributing greatly lo'lts riches. This county fends 8 metnbers to parliament, vi?, 2 for tl;e county, an;l 2 c.ich for Coventry, Wsr- ■>vickand Tamworth. WA'RY, Adj. \iuier, ivarra, ivirre, ^"X. ■T,:r, in, J caatiou-s, or t.^king care of doing :;ny thing a.niifs. WAS, the prefer of Bf. To WASH, V. A- [wcifch^f!, Sa^.-f-ifci^n, Dela.j to eleanfe by rubbing with warer, &c. Ncuterly to perform the aft ox cleanflng with water, &c. 5 O V/AS^^ WAT WASH, S. a marft) ; a liquor v.Cci to beau- tify ; t!)-; liquor "iven to hcgs, Scz . The act of clean fing'thc- hn:n of a nunily, by rubbing them when uett;d. WASP, S. [v.-e.:fp. Sax. vefpa, Lat. gucfpe, Fr. I a Hinging infcdl, fometliing refembling a bee, hut of a biipthcr \ellow on the body W ,'sriSH, Adj. eafily provoked ; peevifh } malignint. WA'iSF.L, S. [tvtvf.fl, Sax.] a li.]uor made oFroaflcd appici, fugar, and ale ; a driaking- bcu^ To vVASTK, V. N. ^aivcflan, Sax. waef- ten, V>i\'y.gnafran, If.il. ■vafin, l.ut.] to coniumc gradually or diitiiniOi ; to I'ljii.uidcr j to de- (troy or dclbliie ; to fpenJ without profit or advunta'^e. Keutcriy, to dwindle. WAs\e, Adj. deitroycd or ruined ; defn- late or uncul'iva'.ed ; of no ufe. tVcJlibcok, in Comn:ciie. is (hit invvhich articles are en- tered pn mi!cuoi!lly >.-■ tliey occur, without re- gard to de!)Cor or creditor. WASl'K, S. wanton or luxunou«, con- fnniption ; lofs ; tiie ait of f-piiindeiing ; de- folatr, lurcn'iuv.ited, it unoccupied ground. WAS lEFUL, Adj. deftrudtive ; lavilli 5 prodigal ; defolate ; uiicultivatcd. WATCH, S. [I'.'^CiC, Sax J forbearance offlssp; attendance without Hecping ; atten- tion i guard ; a perfon iet as a guard ; the oiFice of a gu.ud in the nigl.t. A tr..ithinc, Ihe-ving the lime, worn in the pocket. To V/.ATCH, V, A. [w-.uum. Sax.] to }cL-ep awake ; to keep giiaid ; 10 look wiili expectation, atten ion, and ciutious ob^el^fa- tion, with intent to leizc; to guard, or have in cu!t»dy ; to obff rvc iVcrctiy, in order to betray, 'f o tend, ripplied to cittie. .•\mong Ma- riiieir, is tlie fpace of four hours during wiiicli orie liaif of the crew keep on tlie deck, and are ■.lirn relieved 1)7 the other. WA'TCHiir, Adj. [wiTiV.f, Sax.] blue; or pale bliTe. WATCHFUL. Adj. vigilant ; attentive. WATER, S, [icac:e>l ?,i:\g.] a Huid, vo- latile and void of tii\our and tafte, confifting of fn'.all, fiTiooih, hard, roroi!.<:, Ipherical par- ticles of equal diameters, fiiding Cdfilyover one another's furfaces, and wetting the thing immersed into :r ; one of the- four elements ; the fca, oppefcd to land ; urine; any Huid made of, or rcfcmbling, water ; the luff re of a diamond. "10 Lddz^utcr, is u!ed for being fjund and tight. To WA'TER, V. N\ to fupply with water ; to diveiiify with waves, applied to ca- lendering. TSieutcrly to (bed moifture. Tte mouth loiirers, implies that a perfon longs, or has a vehement defire for fomethiog. WATER-COLOURS, S. i'ainters make colours into a foft confiflence with water ; thefc ihov'call lUcih-r co'.Aiis. WA'TER."^', Adj, liquid j infipid j wet ; coariUi"g of w-^t^r. W E A To W.VTTLE, V.A. [ivatclas. Sax.] tor bind with or form by plaiting tv\igs. WA'TTLE, S. [from the verbj a hurdle; tiie barbs, or loofe red fledi that hangs be- low a cock's bill ; from luagkekn, Bclg. to ihake. W.AVE, S. Itcecre, Sax. •tvaegh, Bclg. •vaauc, Fr.J water riling in furgcs, or fwcllings above the level of t!-,e fi'.rfacc ; uncaf.ntfs j ■ line bending in and out alternately. To WAVE, V. N. to play loofely ; to float ; to move as a fign.^l j to rtutiuate. Ac- tively, to rife in inc^udiiies; to move loofely or to and fro ; to bvckua j to put alide, cr decline fjr the preknt. 'ioVVA'VER, V.N. {ivaji^n. Sax.] to pl-iy, or move loofely to and fro. Applied to the mind, to be unfcttlcd, undetermined, ov to ikiftuate between two opinions. To V/AWL, V.N. [wa, Sax. grief. See W'/\tl] to crv, howl, 01 make a loud cry £»• prcflive of dillrcfs : ufcd in contempt. WAX. S [TO<ijf. Sax. W(.«, D.«n. otfAr, Id. •nw^j Belg.] the thick tenacious matter of which beci form their cells ; any lena matter. To WAX, V. A. to fmear, rub, cover, or join with wax. 'J"o WAX, V. N. {ti;ahfgan, Goth. ivcxan, Sax.] to increafe in bulk, heigirt, or aec. W AY, S. [w^f , Sax. iue':ah, Belg ] a path w^hich leads to any place; the Icnglh of a journey ; courfe. Advancement notwithHunJ- j ing obftaclfs, ufed wiih makf. Paflage, or room to pafs ; retreat or fiibminion, after t'i'-c. Tendency to any meaning; method or cuAom pcculiiirto a perfon. By the ivr^', iirphss witiiout necclTary connection with what proceeds. "To go or cane one's ivay cr ii-ny:, is to come or go without further del.'.y. No •z-.nyox ivjys, is fometimes ufe>t infread of tiiji. " No ways a match." Swifr. W n'FA'.IINC, Adj. travelling. I'o WA'YLAY, V. A. lo watch in order to fs iiC. To WA'YMENT, V. A. [Sax.] to la> mcut or grieve. W'.aY'vVARD, ki). fTort, Sax. woe, and tucvti, Six.] fioward or perverfe. V/A\'Z-GO(>;>l'., S. |/". c. a ftubbic goofc] an entertain riicnt given to journey- uicn, by their n-.after;, at the beginning of the winter. VVF,, the plursl of 7, ufed when we men- tion or fpeak of one or more perfons, in con- juiiCli')'i vvith ourfclvcs j borrowed from -zscy bax. ivcb, Goth. WKAK, Adj. [-Tf/j-f.i, Sax. Ttwi-, Bel,^. wn'.vr, III. I void of itreirgth or health, ap- plied to perfons. Noti^J^ong, applied to Ir- quors. Scarce su/fihle, or low, applied to found. V/a;>tind fpirit, ot cautioi), applied W E A to llie niinj. Not fupported by argum. nt, or t'oitifitd by any works. To \Vii'AKEN. V. A. to deprive of flrcngth. WEA'KNESS, S. infirmity; unlwalehful- nefs. WEA'KSIDE, S. fuible; dcficience. WEAL. S. \iuca!a>i, Sax. iveehfl, Helg.] happuicfs or prolperity ; a ftdtc, republic, or policy. WEAL, S. [tvaian, Sax. J the mark Ic.'^t by a flripe. WE.^LO,WALD, or WALT, in compo- fititm, fignitya wood or grove, and are borrow- ed from ivij/ti, Sax. WEALTH, S. [protiounccd wc/f/& ; from waicth, Sax. J riches, wiicihcr conliiUny in money or goods. To WEAN, V. A. fpronoiinced -ween ; •wcncn. Sax.] to keep a cliild fromluckinj^thit has been brought up by tlie br^alt ; to with- draw Irom any habit or delire. WEA'i'ON, S. [S.:x.] an inarument Ly which anotlierniay beliurt. w iL t wif.;rr, Six.] to form any flu/Tin a !onm with a lhi:ttie ; to iiiiito or form, by iufcuin^ on part into another. Ktr.teiiy, to work with a ihuttic at a loom. WEA'VF.R, S. \wci,er, Tcic] o;ie who makes uoollcn, or linen cloth. WEB, S. \wehba, Sax.] texture ; any thing woven ; a tilliic or texture formed of threads interwoven with each oihjr ; a kind of film, that Ivndcrs the fight. WE'liFOOTED, Adj. having films be- tween the toes, applied to water Towl. To WhD, V. A. ['wrdlav, Shx.] to take or join in marriage ; to unite indiiloluby, or for a longcoiuinuance. WE'DJING, S. the marriage ceremony, j a maniaiie. WEDGE, S. [vej^ge, Dan. ivcr^c, Bclp;.] one of the mcc';n;ical powers, cot-.TiIling of a body with a tharp edge, continually growing bic>>.'cr, and ufed in cleaving timber. A nufs of metal. To WEDGE, V. N. to fallen or force to- gether with wcd.irs ; to (top. WE'DLOCK,' S. [ived. Sax. and lac. Sax j To WEAR, V. k. [pronounced "-Marc ; iveran. Sax.] to walie or cjniiime with life or i matrimony. lime. To confumc (ir fpend tcJioully, ufcd | WE'DNESDAY, S. [pronounced tuftif- with away, and applied to tim-. To hcsx \J.ay -^ iu^i:dini'J.ig,Ss-!i.ti'.cr.[Jag, Diin.ivenjdag, on the body ; to appear j to effect by degree?. | B^ly,. ivenji.'oy , Jll. from ijocien, or odln, an Ufcd with cat, ta harrafs, fatigue, or de- ft roy. WEAR, WEIR, or WEiiR, \y:ar. Sax, idol] the fourth day of the week. WEE, Adj. iif.le, fmall. WEED, S. yiv.cd, Sax.] a nox'ous or rank vjar, Teut.j a dam to fhut up or raife the i herb growing fpontaneouny ; a oamient, oc water. WEARI'NESS, S. the <iU3lity of being tired; fatiqued ; or incommoded. WEA'RY, AJj. \^jvcng. Sax, "ueareti, Belg.] tired j fatijjued. To WEARY, V. -A. to tire ; to fatigue ; to incommode. WE'SAND, S. {ivefan, Sax,] the wind- pipe. WEA'TPIER, S. [pronounced «-f/Z'fr; ive- r/^r. Sax. ) the flate of the air with refpett cither to heat or cold, wet or dryoefs. To WKA'THER, V. A. to pafs with "dif- ficulty. Followed by poit-f, to gain a point sgainll the wind. Toaccomplilh againlt op- poiitioD. Ufed with cu:, to tnduie lb as to I'urmount. WE.A.'rHERBEATEN, Adj. harranedby, or feafoned to, hard vveatiier. WEA'THERCOCK, S. an artificial cock, or plate fet on a fpire, which Ihews the point from whence the wind blows. WEA'THERGAGE, S. any thing that haliit ; from 'wa.da. Sax. luaed, Bel To WEKD, V. A. to clear from noxious plants, f igurativcly, lo free from any thing noxious, or from an ill habit. WKE'DY, Adj. abounding with weeds. WEEK, S. Iweoc, Sax. -Mike, Bclg,] the fpacc of fcvcn days. WEZK-DaY, S. any common day on which work is done, oppofed to Sunday. WEEL, S. [ivatel, Sax. J a whirlpool; a fnare for filli, made of willow twi^s ; perhaps from WiLiow. To WEEN, V. N. [wemn, Sax.J to think, imagine, or fancy. To WEEP, V. N. [prefer, and part. pafi*. nvef't or zoceped ; iveopen. Sax. -vapt'e, Dalm. J to exprefs foirow by tears ; to (fied tears> Aifli\ely to bewail or lament with tears ; to (bed nn'ifcure ; or abcurid with wtt. Vv'EE'PER, S. one who fiicds tears: a white border. \vo:n on the fieeve of a man's black co»t for firfl mourning. To WEET, V.N. fpreier. tt-ot or -wote ^ (hews the weather. At fea, a ihip is laid to it;rcn, i'ax. ivaan, Belg.] to know or fup« have the nveathergage that is to the windward of another. Y/EA'THERWISE, Adj. [<wi:llerive\fe, Teut.j fkilled in foretelling the change of the weather. To WEAVF, V. A, [prefer ivo^i, or tirfived ; p«rt. paffive, •we'vin, or ivcai'sd; pofe ; feldom i;fed. WE'VIL, S. [wiw/, Teut ] a 1^ all black worm that deftroys corn and meal. W'LFT, S. [guia-ve, Fr. fofa, Ital.] any thing Ihaggling without an ov.ner j the woof of e'o;h ; from iveftc. Sax, 3 Oi To W E R To WEIGH, V. A. [ivea.jan. Sax. rvey- I'tn, Belg.J to find the weight cf a thin;', by <ca!cs ; to equal in wci^;ht. AppliL\l to sn mic/'cr, to take up. To examine or bdianct in tlie mind. Followeci hy dowi, to ovei-bj- lancc, or exceed in weight or importance. To over-bin\ien or dcprcfs, applied to difficultiis. Ncuterly, to contain in weioht. To be look- ed on as important, to determine the judg- ment, followed by -n'ltb. WEIGHT, S. [■:^;;7'^ Six. 7y.7r,7, Dalm. Pol. Sclav.] quantity found by balbincingin fcalcs ; a nials by which other bodies are ex- aminclin fca'.cs ; a ponderous or heavy m.ifs; the quality In which bodie.<; lend towards the centre; prc'liire ; importance, or efricacy. WErGHTY, Adj. heavy; important. WE'LCOME, Adj. [wUcok:, Sax. -za!- kom, Eelg.] received with ki.'dnefo, or care; pleafingor conferring pleai'ure, by being prc- fent. WE'LCOME, S. the ceremony paid to a vifitant at his firft appearance ; kind recep- tion. To WE'LCOME, V. A. to receive with kindnefs. To WELD, V. A. to beat one mafs into another. WE'LFARE, S. happinefs ; fuccefs. WE'LKIN, S. [ivcken, Sax. cloudsj the (ky. WELL, S. [-z'.-tV/f, waf/, Sax.] afpring or fountain ; a deep narrow pit of water ; the cavity in which (lairs are phiced. WELL, Adj. in good health; happy; convenient; proper. WELL, Adv. [Ttv//, Goxh.tveH, S^x.-wel, Bdg.-vcl, ifi.] in liealth; in a iliilful, proper, fulficicBt, or good manner, y/j luell as, ulcd conjunilivcJy, implies, togciha- iiith. Wei! r'r{;hy fignifics nearly or almoil. This word is ulcd in compofition, to exprefs any thin»- light, proper, laudable, Jiandfome or free from dcfe<ft. V/E'LLADAY, Interjea. alas ! "WE'LLbRED, Adj. polite., WEL'T", S. a bordir, guard, oredginor. To WELTER, V. N. [ivealran. Sax. ivelirn'r.. Belg.j to roll in water, niire, blood, or any filth. W£M, S. [?ax. j a fpot ; i biemilli. WEM, .S. [Sax; J a fklliy or cillous excrcf- cence growing on diticient p.ntscf the body. WENCH, S. [■zLtjjic/c, Ssx.J a young wo- man. At prefcnt generally applied to a pro- (iitute. WE'NCHE'R, ?, a fornicator. To W'END, V. K, {■ii-a'i:;r. Sax.] to go andpifs to and from. ObibiLts. Vv£RE, the plural ef Was, the pvftcr iliiperfeft of He; from wceren, plural oi ivat, the imperfeifl- oibcon, Sax. Eikewile the imper- i'e(n:ringtilnrar.d plural of the optative, poten- tial, and fuhjunftive moods of the fame verb. WERTH, WEOHTH, or WYRTH, in \V H E the nimcs of places, fignify farm, court or vilhge, and are derived from ivccrtli^. Sax. WEST, S. [Sax. and Belg. wjiur, 111.] that poiat of the heavens wheie the fun fets, when i» the equinox. WE'sTERN, Adj. being in the wefl, or towards tlie part where the fun fcts Wh^STMlNSTER. city forms the Weft part of the town which goes under the ge- neral name of London, but is under a didinct goYernmcnt. The dean .-".nd chapter of Well- minller appoint the high-deward, high-baililf, and other otTiccrs, who have the government of this city ; whereas the lord-mayor and al- deimen have l!ic government of that part of the town properly called London. In We(l- minftcr are the king's palace, and the honfes of mofl of the nobility, and pcrfons of diftlnc- tion in the kingdom ; and here arc held the high court of parliament, and the fupreme courts of juQice ; but there is no bilhop of this city. It clefts two members of parlia- ment. WES rMO'RELAND,S. an EngliHi coun- ty, 40 mi!e? in leniith, 21 in breadth, bounded on the N. W .by Cvmbeiland.on the \V. and S. W. by Lancaihirc, and on the E. by York- fhire. it contains about 6500 houfcs, 390C0 inhabitants, 26 Parifhes, 8 market-towns, and fends four members to parliament, two for the county and two for Appleby. The air is very (Iiarp and cold, but healthy to thofe whofe conflitutions will bear it. It is a mountainons county; but there arc fome valleys which are fruitful in corn and pallutes ; belides, the hills krve to feed great numbers of Ihtep. The principal town is Appleby. WET, Adj. [-ivieet, Sax. w.rJ, Dan. J moift ; rainy. Vv'ET, S. water ; moifiure ; rain. To WET, V. A. to make moiil ; ta plunge or foak in any liquor. WE'THER, 8. [lu^rfrr, Sax. and Belg.j a caftrated ram. To WEX, V. A. to grow; to increafe. WE'Z-iRD, S. the vCind-pipe. "'VHALE, S. [i:-uck. Sax. a large fi(h which -prcdaces fbei-Ki/! tv.;. WH.ARF, S. [Tu^r/-", Swed loarf. Belg,] a bank from which velicis are Liden or unladen. WHA'RFAGE, S. money paid for landing or (hipping i;oods at a whaif. W H V ;< y ! N G KR, S the owner of a warf ; one eniploved in Ihipping and landing goods. WHAT, I'ron. l,-t:-se, Sax. 7:- J/, Iklg.j that which, which part. LTed to introduce A qutrdion, it nfi;s the nature ef a thing. WHEAT, S. [kwae!. Sax. wy.vV, Belg.] the grain of which bread is generally made. WEIE'ArEAR, S. afmallbiid, eftccnicd delicate food. WHE'.ATEN, Adi. made of whe-tt. To WHEEDLE. 'V. A. to entice by foft words or dattcring seitures. \ViJ££L» S. \Ju-tt/, Sax. md, Belg.] a ciiciiliir W H I circular body thai turns rounJ upon an axis ; an inltriimcnton which criminalsarc tortured. To WHtEL, V. A. to move on wheels, or turn on a Cfutre ; to turn ; to fetch acompafs. A(!iivcly to put in a circular couife. WHEE'LBARROW, S. a carriage ciriven forward by two handles, and having but a linglt wheel. WHEE'LWRIGHT, S. one who makes wheels. To WHEEZE, V. N. [/j-i'jcafan. Sax.] to breathe witii a hifiing noife. To WHELM, V. A. ^jiic/.Uf^n, Sax. wiU W.-7, Ifl. ] to cover with fomething which can- not be thrown ofT, generally applied to water ; to throw upon Ibmctliing fo as to cover or bury it ; to turn the open fiJc of a vellll downards, WHELP, S. [7w.>, Belg. kuo^par, Sclav. liualb, Swed.] the young of a dog or bead of prey. A fon or young man, incuntcmpt W H I pprfons Hkewlfe, as may he feen by the firfl ientence of the Lord's Prayer in Englilb, " Our Father ivh'ub art in Hta-voi."' but at prcfent difui'ed in that fenfe. This word is likcwifc uftd as a demondrative and inter- rog-Mtive. It fometimcs has whcj'i in the ge- nitive cafe. WHlfF, S. [cl-wythy Brit,] a blaft, or puff of wind. To 'WIII'FFLE, V. N. to move ae if dii^en to and fro by the wind; to play oil the fife. WHl'FFLER, S. one that blows ftrongly; one that plays on the fi.e i a mere trifier j u pitiful, mean, forry fellow ; ayoung fieemaa who attends the companies of London on the Lord-mayi r's day. WHIG, S. ll-u-erg, Sax.] whey; a party formerly oppofitc to i he court. Burnet fhews the true original of this word to he owing to the Jyi^f^iwrres, or carriers in Scotland, who To NV'HELP, V. N. to bring forih young; vvere co"ntra(nedly called 'rvi^gs, receiving their applied to beads of prey WHEN, Adv. at that or which time; af- ter the time. Ufed interrogatively, at what time ? fVhei! as, fignifics at the time that. WHENCE, Adv. [formed from M"uERr, in the fame manner as bence from laej from what place or pcifoif ; from which pre- jnifes ; from what fource. Sometinusy)oOT is ufed with it, hut very improperly. WHERE, Adv. at which or what place; at the place i:i which, ^ny ivhire fignifics at any place. vVH'lRE'AS, Adv. when; on the con- trary ; notwithrtanding. WHEREBY', Adv. by which. WHEREO'F, Adv. of which. WHEREUPO'N, Adv. on which. To WAE-RRET, V. A. [corrupted from ferret] to hurry, or teaz.e. WHERRY, S. [from Ferry ; of farati. Sax.] a light fmall bc„t ufed on rivers. 'lo WHET, V. A. [I'Wci.'.m, Sax iva- tfn, Belg. weetcn, Texj'.] to lliarpen any in- flrument by lubblng it on a hone, &c. To give an edge, or malie angry. WHET, S. the aft of giving an edge ; any th:iig that promotes appetite or huni^cr. WHl'THER, Adv. [kiL'aether, Sax.] ufed names from tchiggam, a word they uied ui driving their hories. , WHl'GGISM, S. the tenets and praclices of the whigs. WHILt, S. [formerly wiltten ^uliie, from ciL-iill, Goth.] time ; a fpace of time. WHILES, or VVHILST, Adv. during the time that ; .is long as. WHl'LOiM, Adv. [hh-lkn, Sax.] fomc time ago ; formerly. WHIM, S. a freak, caprice, or odd fan- cy. To WHIMPER, V. A. [-ummeren^ Teut.] to cry without making any loud noiii. ■ WHI'MSICAL, Adj. capricious; fanci- ful ; fantadical. VVHl'MSY'', S. an odd fancy or caprice. To WHINE, V. N. ["jLciriar., Sax. ivcc r.cn, L'elg. cwyr.o^ Brit.] to lament in a low voice; to drawl out any found. WHINE, S. a plaintive noife. To WHl'NNY, V. N. to make a noife like a horfe. WHI'NYARD, S. a fword, in contempt. To WHIP, V. A. \bwc(,i.in, Sas. w./- tcr.y Belg.] to Arikc with any thing toug.H like a thong, cord, or twig j to few /lightly ; in a di.';iun<ftive proportion or queftion, to ft- 1 to iaih ; to take any thing fuddenly or ni:n- one part of the Ientence in oppofition to the otiicr, and to affirm or deny, even though the oiher part do not hold good. WHE'THER, Pron. which of the two WHL'TSTONE, S. afloneonwhich any thing is lliaipened by rubbing. bly. Neuterly to move nimbly. V/Hi'PHAND, S, tiie advantage over an- oth.cr. WHI'PSTER, S. a nimble fellow. To VVHIilL, V. A. [k-,v!:rfinv. Sax. w.'/- hthn, Belg. j to turn round rapidly. Neu- WKEY, S. \}j-a£g, SaK. Tf.'j', Belg.] theiicilv, to run round fwiftly. thin ferous part of milk, feparutedliom the curd<;. WHICH, Pron. [/^wf/.^, S:.x. iKtJh, Belg.] a word ulcd in narratives to exprefs things named b-jfci'e, in order to avoid the repetition jsf the l'.in-.e ihin formerly appli(.d '.o ineir it ;:Uo its center. 3O3 WHIRL, S. a quick and violent circular motion. WHI'RLPIT,orWIIIRLP0OL,.''.[/t,',/. ii.'V, .'>ax.] a place in the w-iicr where it moves circularly, a!)d draws every thini^ iliut comes WHIRL. W H O W I C "^■TiI'R.LWINb, S. a fiormy wind mov-iin the geniti\'e of this word, as well as 06 inrr cnciilarly. 1 "WHIMv, S. [mfl^-hn, Tent.] n fmal! liand befom ; a part of a woman's drcis cc- vcrinc; the hofoni, ■i o" WHISK, V, A. [ivlfchrN, Tevt.] v.; clean v.ith a whifk ; to n-.ove nimbly. WHI'bKt,R, S. tlie h.iir growing on the wppcr I'p To lone as to be curled. WHi'SKlNG, Adj. great j Avinging : " A rvhifcin^ lie." To WHI'SPtR, V. N. [".vUffcrfn, Be!g.] to fpcak To low to a j'erfcn as not to be heard by another. Actively, to fpeak to in a low voice. WH['SPER, S. ?- low foft voice. WHIST, Adj. interje£f. and verb. ^Vhen tifed as a verb, it implies, arefilent; when \iied as^n -<idjc£live, (till, orliltnt: Mid when as an interjection, be Aiil or attentive. WHIST, S. a pr.me ot c;irds fo cajled from its rcqi.'iring filence. and deep attention. To' VVlfl'STLF,, V. N. f /i/^^-Fz^r;, Sax. ffiui'c, Lar. 1 10 t'orni a kind ot miifical found by contrt^(ftit?g the lips together, fo astolc^ve a fniall round apcnurc bef.\ecn them ; to niakc a fonnd with a final! w.ind infbiiment j to found fiirill. W'HI'SILE, S. .found m-.de by themo- •which. It is generally ufed in alking a q>ief- lion, is the fame in both numbers, and when ufed in theoblicjue cales, is placed before a Verb. " He is the rtian •wk:im I fuivy From '•' 'whom th'xi tyrant holds the due of birth." Shak. '' He was the man to ivbcm I o-nt-c ;.-." In queflions, it is ftt before the prepoJition by which it is governed : " h''iom did you jo ii-ith !'" Mr. Locke iei'ms to hjve ufed nvho in iheobiiqiiC cafe improperly for ivhoKi : " We are much at a lofs ■zi;,£:o civil power belongs to." Lr.cks. W^HOE'VEIn., Pion. anyone, without li- mitation or exception. WHOLE, Adj. [wrt/^, Sax. heal,V,c\g.'\ all J containing every one ; uninjured or un- impaired ; cured of any wound or difcafe. WHOLE, S. all the parts of which a thing is compofed. WHCLESALE, S. in large quantities. WHOLESOME, Adj. [heelfam, Belj;. heyl- fuin, Tcut. hal. Sax.] feund. Orthodox, or a<;reeable t© fcriptnte, applied to do(ftrin!. (.'on'ribuiing to, or preferving health ; kind. " I canntt make yon a ivio/fome anfwer." Sh^i. Thelalffcnfc isobfoletc. ■ WHOLLY, Adv. intirely ; completely. WHOM, the obliqi.e cafes of wAc, both in dub;ion or the month. A fmall wind inPrn-j the fingular and plural numbers. Fronicwam- mcnt. A call, ftfcli ivs fnortfmen ufc to their r:ii, Goth. Hct^u, Hull, k mo, 13oh. \\ KIT, S. f^rih:, Sax. etvhk, Be\^.] a point, or joint; the leaf! perccptiide quantity. WHIT.P, Adj. /-«■;■/, bax lult, I3e!g ctuit, C-c;h. j hrivrng fuch an nppcarsnce as i.s form- ed fVcm a mixture of coloured ravs of light ; ihov;. Y ; pa!( ; pure or nnfpottcd ; innocent. To V^HiTE. or WHITEN, V. A. to m;.ke white, or like fnow in colour. WHITENESS, S. purity; cleanr.efs. WHl'THER, Adv. [c-u^a G oih. i--u!y(.'cr WKOOP, S. See Hoop. VVHOR1-, S. [hure, hor, Sax. hoere, Belg. kur-v.i, Eoh. Pel. Fltm. kurLa, Dalm. cun'ct, Epir.j a woman «ho grants unchaflc favours to men. To WHORE, V. N. to converfeunchcfle- !y with the other fex. VVHO'REDOM, S. the a£t of converfing unchaRtly with the other fex. WH .SE, the genitive of WHOorWHi' h. WHO'SO, or WHOSOE'VER, Pron. any, Sax. h-uda, Rufl.] ufed inteirogatively, to, without refhi£lion. what place? Ufed relatively', to which I WHY, Adv. [/^iff,/3yA.wz, Sax.] for what place ? reafon .' ufed interlt>^ative!y For which rca- VvHI'TIInG, S. a fnaall fea-fiOi. A foft fon, or v\hat reafon .' ufed relatively, chalk. WT, in the compofirion of names, fignifies WHl'TLOW, S. [from Itvh, Sax. andj holy, from 'veits, Goth, wi, ^ax, nvU^z, //"Tf, ifl.] a fwelrng with a whi'.e he:.d, arifinf!. Fr. -zveiz, Pcrf. thus, ivliHrt fionifies one cither lictween the tv.o Ikins, cr the^;;i<.y?tam! eminent for holinefs, from to/, holy, and and tiie bone. I Zi^/VZy, Goth, illudrious or fplendid. WHi' TsUNTIDE, S. [loli-e and Sur.day]] WIC, or WICH, in^he names of places, fo called, l)ec:ufe the conveits newly bap- j fignifies cither a'viilage, cattle, or a b^y made ti7ed appeared irom E^tler to V.'hitfuntidci by the winding banks of a river; from w/e, Jn white. Sax. and in ,the fame fenfe are M^ei. icciks, V.'Hl' TTLE, S. a knife; a white drefs fort Goth, ivies, Pol. ives. Port, and fioh. icJJ', 3 wo. nan. To V« HIZ, V. N. \hom the foind] to make a lound luiinming noi.'c. WHO, Pron. \ctia, ciirc, Goth, ii-ha, Sax t:;;;', Bclg.] <t woid ufed to iniply rcla- t\>r!, fubflitiitcdin tlieroomof a propcrname, ;ii:d al'.vavb ryplicd \o pcrfons. In the oblique caies, J: i]^±.ziZi/Lii:'\ hut whoje is often ufed Sclav, "jaffeh, Croat, fro.m which lalt word f^i/feems to be properly derived. Wl'CICED, Adj. \zvi:ca. Sax. an enchan- ter; iccFran, Sax. to opprefs ; ivirtan. Sax. to curie ; laccd, lucccd, ivicej. Sax. crook- ed : which lift fccms to be no bad deriva- tion, as- a w/V/f^ perfon is one who deviates from the flraii/ht and direct path of mcral rec- tjiudc.J W I L t'tuJc] Living in hal)itnd contrariety of tlie l.iws of God ; jiven to vice. WI'CnK.R, Adj j'T'j"-f, Dan. a twig; TC/V- gfr, Belg.] maJcof firulltwijs. Wl'CREr, S. [rcickeci, Br\t. tvicker Be\g. ^'ijiher, Fr.] a fmill gate. WIDE, Adj. [Sax! -zvyjt, Be!g ] broad; having a ^reat fpace included between the fides. Figuratively, far from the point. WJDE, Adv. at a dilb.nci; ; with great ex- tent. To Wl'DEN, V. A to incrcafe extent from the fiJes j to extend. Ncuterly, to groA- wide. \VIDF/f?ESS, S. extcnllon in breadth w I r. To "WrLDEH, V. A. to lofe or puzzle ia a patlilefs or iiitricate place. ^^'I L'DERNESS, S. a defart or place iin, ''nhai>itfd, or uncultivated. Milton ufcs'his word for nvililrefs. " The paths anj bowVf. " ourjoint hands — will keep from nci'dcn-.cji.,^* Par. LoJ}. In .'"Cripture, it is applied to any tiaA but thinly iniiabitcj. Vf'LDFfRF,, S. a compoftion of inflam- mable materi lis, cify to take fire, but hard to be Piftinpnifhcd. Wl'LDGOOSE-CHASE, S. a frulc'efs purfuit. VVl'LOVESS, S. the ftate of a defart and uncuhivnted place; ficrccncfsor ditconipofure, WI'DQW, .S. [".vLi^va, Sax. iL-'iduuc, Bci^-] | applied lo the looks of a'perfon. Levity of a woman whole hufband \s de d To WIDOW, V. A. to deprive of a huf- band ; to rob or flrip of any thing dear or good. WI'DOWER, S. one who has loft his wife.' WI'DOWHOOD, S. [from ivl.ktu, and had, or Lccd, Sax.] fhe (Tate of a widoa-. WIOrH, S. breadth; or extenfion from one fide to the other. To WIELD, V. A. fprononnced loccld, tislJan, Goth. tV'a'dnn, Sax.] to manage, or ufe without oblh'tuf^ion, as being not too lieavy. Wl'ERY, Adj. [See Wiav] mr.de of wire ; drawn into wire ; wet or moifl ; fr'im behaviour. ^^'ILE, S. [Sax. ivk!, la.] a deceit, ftra- tagem, or fly trick. WJ'LFL'L, Adj. [from ti'lU and. full] flubborn ; not he-irker.ing to reafon or perfua- lion ; done or fiifTered by dcfign. Wi'LFULNESS, S. Rubboinnefs. WILL, S. [nuilla, Sax. icile, Belg. nvyllis Hrit. tvil^a, ival^a, Goth, luic e, Boh. -zWt', Pol. ght.'i/i, or Tv'ili, Spin.] that aflive power which the ir;ind has to order the confideration of any idea, or forbearing to confider it, de- termining it to do or forbear any afdon, or prefer one before another j command; de- termination; an inflrument by which a per- fon difpofes of his property after death. Com- ■':v.xr, Sax. a pool. " A filver d-op hath fallen pounded with gcod, it fignifies favour, kind •• — Ev'n to tiiat drop — ten thouf-inJ loicry " friends— -do glow themfclves in Lciable "g.-ief." iila'tc. WIFE, S, [plural, w.--i« ; WiV", Sax. w;jf, Belg.] a woman that has a hulbjnd ; a mar- ried woman. \\''IG, ufed in the end of na.ties, fignifies war, or hero ; from luigj. Sax. WIG, S. [coutracled from Perkiwig, or Peruke] a covering made of hair for the head ; a kind of cake, called likewife a bun. WIGHT, S. [w.^/.f, Sax.Jaman, or per- fon. Obfolete. n£.''s, or right intention; but compounded with ;■//, malice. WILL TO/ri> a ivLOj), or JACK ivJth a la!:tloin, a fi^rymeteor, or exhalation of a round figure, in bjgncfs like the flame of a candle ; /^.imetimes bioader, and like a bundle of twigs fct on fire. They wander about in the air not far from the furtace of the earth, and com- monly frequent church yards, marfiiy and fen- ny places. 1 hey generally appear in fummer, and at tne beginning of autumn. To WILL, V. A. [luilgan, Goth. wUlaT:, Sax. ivih?:, Belg. J to bend our fouls to the WIGHT, Ifle of, part of the county of ' having or doing wfiat appears to be good ; to Southampton, and feparated from it by a nar- 'command in a pofitive manner. It is corn- row channel, is about co miles long, and 12 monly ufed a.s an auxiliary verb to exprefs the broad. It corfiils of good arable and paflur'e (future t^nfc, and is dilh'nguilhed from PiuU, grounds, hilJs and valleys, woods and cham- I which gener.'.Uy implies a command in th pam, and is equal to any part of England, of the fame dimenfions, cither in the fruitfu'lnefs of the foil, or plcifantnefs of fituation. The" chitf town is Newport. WIGHT, in the compofition of names, is horrowedfrom the Saxons, andfignifies Itrong nimble, or lufly fecond or third perfons, but wf//only foreteiS or hints that fjme thing is about to happen which depends on a perfbn's free choice. Again,/)^//, in the firtlperfon, fimply expief- fes a futi;re adion or event, but iti// promifes jr thre.iiCr.s. Wl'LLL", and VI'LLI, in the compofition WILD, Adj. (Sax. «,■«.'(/, Belg.] not made of names, fignifies, many, and is borrowed fame; furious or fierce. Propagated by na- from the Saxor.s. Thus, JV,ll:lj]:us/H''i'liJ>ra ture, oppofed t(*cuUivated. Defart, oppofed from loiui, many, and -whelm, a helmet, or de- %o inh.^bited. Without art or elegance; mere- 1 fence for the head, fignifies a protector, or dc- Jy i.-naginary. jfenJer of many. WILD, S. a defart, or tra<l not cultivated WI'LLING, Adj. inclined, or not averfe CK inhabited. Ito do a thing ; readv or conddceirding. ' O o o 4 W'lL. W 1 N WI'LLO' ■Z,'^. atiee worn i)yfor'orn lovers. U'fLTSHlRE, S. an Englilh county, Iwuiidcd by Gloi:ce(lcrfli:rc on the N. by Berk- ihire ^r)<i Hamplhirc on the E. by Dorfctlhiie on ilic S and by ibmcrfetlhiie on the W. is about jg miles long, and 30 broad, and about 140 in circumference, and contains 29 liun- dreJ^, 23 maikct towns, 304. parilhes, about s.8;00o honfes, and 876,000 inhabitants, ami Tends ^4 members to parliament, -viz. two for th.z county, and two eacli for S.ilifbury, V/i'.ton, Downton, Hinton, Hejttfbury, \V ei- bury, Ciilne, Devizes, Chippenham, Malmf- bury, Crick'adt;, Great Bedwin, Ludgerfhall, Old Sarum, Wooton-Baflet, and IVIarl- borough.. Tlie air is healthy ; and tliis coun- ty i'; remarkable for its fine downs, and the vaft number of fheep fed on them, the wool wl.creof is manufa^ured by the natives, whicli makes it one of the greatefi: cloathing counties in England. The capital city, Salif- bury, is fituated on an extenfive plain, 20 miles over. WILY, Adj. full of llrataoem j fly; cun- nint;. Wi'MBLK, S. \':vlmpel, from tuhmnelni, 'rd;!; ] an inlhumcnu with which holes are bor;-d.<« Wl'MBLE, S lg!<;v:!!c, Fr.] a hood or veil, " The iciaji/cs, orcrifping pins." If. ii. 22. Obfolcte. V.'IM, lifed in tlic compound names of men, f;gni.'ies war or flrength 5 from ivi", Sax. Sometimes it implies popularity, from nciru. Sax. dear, or beloved. And in the names <)( places, denotes a battle fought there. To WIN, V. N. Tpreter and pad. ivor: ; '!i-'.<:t!a, Sax ivini/vi, i^>tlg.J to conquer, or gain i>y conquert ; to gain the vidory in a conicfl «^r game ; to obtain or overpower by fuperior Claims, cr perAnfious. Ncuterly, to gain the "icflory or advantage. IJfed with ;.'^c;j, co in- fluence, g;iin ground, or overpower. ToWINCF, V. N. [g7ci!!go, Brit.] to J-.ick'.v'th pain. To kick in order to throw off a r.der, applied to beafls of carriage. V/KVCi-I, S. [^t;!/?c/:cr, Fr.] an inflrument j>c'd in the hand, by which a wheel is turned round. To ";i\TCH, V. A. SeeV/iKCE. "Wa'N'CilESTER, S. Ion. j. 24. lat. 51. 6. the capiral city of Hampfhiie, fituited on the river Itciiin, 66 miles S \V. of London. I- r; the fee of a bifiiop, and elects two mcm- J-.trs of pailiamcnt. Iherc is a fii.e college and fchool Iiere, endowed with a large revenue, founded by the venerable William or VVick- li.im, uho alfo founded New-Coliege in Ox- fiird, wh'ther the fcholors of this ichool arc fcM, when tiiey arc qualified for the univeill- ty, and aie entitled to fellov.fiiips theie. It li IS four foir>, -viz. firfl Monday in Lent ; jih pnd 2;d of July; and (><nol)tr 13. Markct- ^„y=, Vv''ednerd=(y and Saturday. 'WIND, S. [w;V, Sax. a.;d Ilelg. ^a^;.;. W I N Brit. wWj, Goth, vindur, 111. ofwaian, Goth to blow] a fenfible motion of the air ; the di- re(flion cf the air to any point ; breath ; any thing infignificant, particularly applied to threats. " Wind of ff?>v threats." Par. LcJ}, To take or ha've the luir.d cf, fignifies to have the afcefldanry or advantage of. To take iv'wd, applied to fecicts, implies their being difclofcd or made public. To WINL\ V. A. [the ;■ is pronounced long, pretcr. and part. pnlT iv'^uitd ; iviii' dun, Sax. zu'wdcn, Beig.] to blow or found by the Ijreatii ; to turn round. After turn, to regulate in its courfc. To manage by fliifts ; to follow by the fcent ; to change or alter ; to enfold, entwill, or encircle. Ufed with out, to extricate from any ditficulty. To iv'tnd ut>\ to bring to a fmall comp iTs; to raife by means of a winch or key ; to raife by degrees ; to put in order by a certain end or regular aftion, Ncuterty, to alter or change; to turn, or twifl round ; to move round ; to move in crooked lines ; from -vlrdur 111. crooked. To be ex- tricated from any difficulty or perplexity, fol- lov/ed by otit of. Wl'NDBOUND, Adj. hindered from faiU ing by contrary winds. Wl'NDFR, S. an inflrument or perion hy which any thing is turned round. In Botany^ a plant tiiat twiils itfelf round others. Wl'NDFALL, S. fruit blown down from atiee. WI'NDTNG, S. [a-indur, Ifl.] any crook. ed or bending patli. Wl'NDINGSHECT, S. a Ihcet in which the dead are ^Tapped. Wi'NDLAS.';, S. a handle by which a rope or lace is wound round a cylinder j a handle by wliich a wheel is turned, WINDLE, S. a fpindle. WI'NDOW,^ S. [wirdue, Dan.] an aper- ture in a building, by which light and air are let into n room. To Wl'NUOW, V. A. to furnilh with windows ; to phce at a window. " Would' ft " thou be iuh:dciv\i in great Rome." Shak. To break into openings. " Your loop'd and " 7f;;.-<^;wV raggednefs." Sl.ak. WrNDI'IPE, S. the aperture through which we breathe. WT'NDWARD, Adj. towards the wind. \\T'NDY, Adj. conlifling of wind; next the wind ; empty, or having no folidity ; tem- pefluous. WINE, S. [w.vv, Sax. -vlnn, Belg. I'/ww, Lat.] a liquor made of the juice of the grape fermented ; liquor made of fermentation of vegetables. WING, S. [.p-f-^-zivVo-, Szyi.iiir.ge, Dan.] that part of a biid by which it flies; flight ; the fan of a winnow. In Botany, the angle formed between the Rem and leaves of a plant. In War, the two extreme bodies on the (ides of an army. Any fide piece; the two fides of a building, T« W I T To WING, V. A, tofuniKh with uir.gs; to enable to fiy ; t» fupply an army with iiJe bodies. Neuteily, to pafs by flii^ht. To WINK, V, N. [7vincian, Sax. ivlndm, Bclg.J lo lliut the eyes. Figuratively, to pal's by a fault without tal<ing notice of it. WINK, S. the act of ciofing the eye. WI'NNING, Part, attraaivc ;ovcrfowc^- in<>by charms. Wi'NNING, S. a fum won at any game. To WI'NNOW, V. A. [lulndriar.. Sax. r'linno, Lat.] to feparate by means of winJ; to frparatc gi;.in from the chaff; to fan, or W I T and thereby making pleafant piflurcj and vT« lions agrecible to the mind ; fentiments pro- duced by quicknefs of fancy, and railing plea- furc in the mind ; genius ; fenfe. In the plural, a ftate wherein the underftanding is ibund. WITCH, S. [ivicce. Sax.] a woman fup- pofcd to praftife unlawful arts, by which the imagination of others are dillurbed. Wl'TCHCRAFT, S. the pradice of witches. WirPI, Prep. [wW, Sax. «»VA, Goth. /-cr9, Gr.] by, applied to note the caufe.inftru- beat with the wings. " IVimcivs the inixoni , nient, or means by which any thing is done, "air." Par. Loft. Figuratively, to lift, ex- amine, or feparate. WFNTER, S. [Sax. Dan. Teut. and Bclg.J the cold fcafon of the year. To Wl'NTER, V. N. to pafs the win- ter. To WIPE, V. A. [iviparr. Sax.] to rub foftly, or cleanfe by rubbing feftly ; to ftrike off gently. Ufed with out, to efface. WIPE, S. the adt of cleanfing; a blow or ftrokc. WIRE, S. [■v'tnr, Fr.] metal drawn into (lender threads. To WI'REDRAW, V. A. to fpin into jonnecsllary length. To WIS, V. A. fpret. and part. pafF. wljl, from nvyfcn, Belg.] to know. WI'iOOM, S. [luifJom, Sax. ivifdcm, Dan.] lhea<n: of fheunderftanding, by which itfinds out the bed ends, and the bed means of at- taining them. WISE, Adj. Fw/j, w.^t?, Sax. 7t'»'j, Dan. and Belg. ) (kilful in finding out the btft ends, and tile bed means of attaining them ; grave, or betokening wifdom, " Eminent in tvij'c: ♦' deport." Mi/t, WISE.S. [Sax. tvyfe, Belg.] manner; way of being or aifting. 1 his word in the moifern dialed is often corrupted into Way.<:. WI'SEaCRE, S. l-zvifcbe^ger, Belg] a perfon of dull apprehenfion, or pretending to wifjom witliout reafon. To WISH, V. N. [-zvifaan, Sax.] to have a (Irong ani longing defire for the exiftence or pofleflion of any thing . Ufed with wc-//, to favour. Adliveiy, to defire or long for any future, or abfent good. »VISH, S. a longing defire. WISHFUL, Adj. longing, expreflive of longinj^. WISP, S. [Swed. and old Bdg.j a fmall bundle of hay or draw. WrSTFUL, Adj. attentive; full of thought J grave. " I cad many a ivijlful, me- iancholy look." Gu.'.'i-ver. To WIT, V. N. [".i-aaij, Sax.] to know, WIT, S. [gewdt. Sax. from ivUan. Sax.] a faculty or operation of the mind, conHfting in afiimbling thofe ideas with quicknefs and va- riety that iiave any reftmblance or con^ruity. Sometimes it denotes union, conjunction, fociety. *• There is no living iilth thee.'* Ti.tlcr. Sometimes it fignifies mixture. " Put " a little vinegar TOi.'A oil." Sometimes it im- plies oppofition, or againft. " The Marquis " of Granby fought ivith the French.'" Amongd. " Intered is her n-me wi/A men " below." Dryd. Together, or infeparably. " Wrh Iier tlicy flourilhed, and luith her they "die." Pope. Followed by //a/ orruu, im- mediately after. " Wnh thnt, the God his " darling phamtom call?." Garth. WITHA'L, Adv along with the reft; likewife j at the fame time. Sometimes ufed inftead of iv'ub. " " hat Cot/ loves, and de- lights in, and is pleafed^y/VZ),?/." TUkt. To WITHDRA'W, V. A. [fromw<VZ>or iv'ither. Sax. and draiv] to take back or de- prive of; to call away, or make to retire. Neurerly, to retire or retreat. WI'THE, S. a willow twig; a band, or band of twigs ; from fjitbc. Sax. ToWl'THER, V. N to fade or grow faplefs. Figuratively, to wade or pine away. Actively, to make to fade, flirink, or decay, for want of moidure. To WITH- HOLD, V. A. \ from -zvhB and held] to refrain, hold back, or keep from adlion ; to keep back, or refufe. WITHI'N, Prep, {-.titkbinan, Sax.] in the inner part of. Within the compafs, or iioC beyond, applied to place and time. WITHI'N, Adj. in the inner parts ; ia the foul or mind. WiTHOU'T, Prep, [luithutan. Sax.] not within ; in a date of abfcnce, or privation j void of ; unlefs or except ; befides, or not in- cluding ; on theoutfide. WI 1 HOU'T, Adv. on theoutfide j out of doors ; externally. WITMOU'T, Conjunft. unlefs 5 if not ; except. To WITHSTAND, V. A. [preter, ivUh- jlood J iv'iih^tandian. Sax.] to oppofe, refift, or conted with. "WI'TLING, S. [a diminutive of Wit] a perfon who pretends to wit without grounds. WI'TNESS, S. [nuitncffe. Sax.] a tedimo- ny ; a perfon who gives his evidence or tedi- mony for or againft 3 thing. With a tvitnefs implies WON implif! effefiually, or to a high anJ extrava- gznt decree. To V/ITNESS, V. A. toatteft; to Aib- fcribc one's name to a writing, in order to W O R rt'lr, Ten?.] any thing which ciufcs fivprrze hy ifs fhrangcncls ; furpiife cfufcd byfomc- thinjj unurual, cr unexpected. WO'NDERFL'L, Adj. admiiabk; anoniih- atieft its being authentic. Neuterly, to attcft j ifi the truth of r. thing. | WO'NfDROUS, Adj. £o flrange as to caufe WI'TNESS, Jnteijcft.an exc'amation ofed ( aflcrnl'hment. at the beginnini^ of a Antence, to imjily that To WONTi or ro i>e AVONT, V. N. a particular perlon or thing are evidences of Iwiirian, Sax gczi-oc!:c;7, Belg. ] to be accuf- the tnitb of any alTertion. WI'TTICISM, S. a mean attempt at •wit. Wl'TTINGLY, Adv.'f from mitfun, Sax.] fcno\ving}y, by belign, or with dclil)cration tomed or wfed ; to ufe. WON'T, pronounced with thco long, like that in rofc, a contracflion of ivi/i nor. WCVNTED. Adj. ufual. To WOO, V. A. [ati-a^c/l. Sax.] foconri ; Wi'TTOL, S. [Sax.] a perfoi! who or to endeavour to giin ihcafTeifliotis of a pcr- tnows his wife to be unchaiie, but connives j fon as a lover; to unite witir earnertncA ami Wl'TTY, Adj. judfcious; ingenious ; full of wit. To WIVE, V. A. to mavry. \VIVES, the plural of Wife. WrZ.lRD, .S. [from ■nfji'e, or wi/ar, ■pelg,] formerly udd for a perion of cxttnlivc li^owiedge ; at piet'ent iiicd only in a bad ienfe, and applii-d to a conjurer. WOAD, S. l-iccz", Sax.J a plant cultivated^ jn England for tlic_ufe ofdf crs, wlio u!"e it lor lay ng the foundation o'' m.iiiy colours. WOE, or WO, S. ['zra, .Sax. J tlie caufe of f irrowjor miferyj a .'late of miftry, often ufcd ill thi caiCKings, as ic-e if, ivoe ;'?. WO'E UL, Adj. full ot ioirow ; caufing c> C-'fTivc gtie,^. WOLD, i.o the comprmnd names of place.';, ligtiifjes 3 plnjn open cojinny ; from wild. Sax. a pbtn having no wood^. WOLF, S. fproT,ounced iv.olf, from tvil-ff, Dan. iiolf,\ a bealf of piey much re- sembling a dog. In Medicine, art eating or c;^rrr-ding ulcer. Figuratively, a man of a ra- ve.ious difptUnien. WO'LFi.MI, Adj. ravenous; cruel; r^- femhling a wolf in qualities. WO'LF.sr.ANE, S. a poifono'.is plant. WO'MAN, S. [in the plural ivomeii, pronounced tv'ivcn ; from iciwma>t, or w//- rr::i, Sax. 1 the leir.ale of the i-.umnn race; a te:iialc attending more j-aiticula-ly on a 'a.iy. To WOMANISE, V. A. tulbften or ef- WO'MANTSH, Adj. ctTcmlnate. WOMMAN'KI'ND," S. tlie female fex. WOMB, S. [iv'juiuii, Goth, ivamb, Sax. tv^ir.b, Itl. I the place of conceptjun ; the fl.ica whence any thin<j; is produced. To WON', .V. N.^fwi-r:;..--, Sax. iconcn. Ten!.] to dwell or rtfide. " He nvom—ln "foie;f wild." Par.Lofl. Obfolete. To WO'NOER, V. N. [pronounced «-.•/;.- Jer ; from nvuriyian., Sax. tvanclcre)!, Belg. luurdircn, Tent. J to he afTc(fi:ed or afconinicd at t!ie prefence of fomething very flrange or f.irprifmg. kindnefs ; to importune or long. " invoo to hear thy even fong." ATilt. WOOD, S. [wild. Sax. ww</, Pclg.] a hrje p.nd thick plantrtion of trees ; the foliJ fubftancc whereof the branches or trunk of a tree conHft, when Ihippcd of the bark ; timber. ' WOO'DEN, Adj. [ from tvzcd, and n, a Saxon termination] made of wood. FigU- rativtlv clumfey or auk'Aard. WOO'DLAND, .S. ground covered with trees. WOO'OXOTE, S. wild or native mufic. " V\arlded his wc5>^»5/ri wild," Milt. WOO'L -OFFERING, S. wood burnt on an altar. WOO'DY, Adj. abounding In wood or ticc^; confitt.ng of timber. WOO'KR, S. a fAteihcart. WOOF, S. \tmfta. SiY. ivef, Dan. ivevel, Belg. -ztv/.v.', Teut. but Jobnfon derives it from ■Tfo'irl tiic crofs thread" Ibot by a wea- ver witii a lliutilc, between and aerofsthofe of th.e work. V.OOL, S. [riv///r Sax. iv.'l, Ifl- 'ov>v«. Or.] the covering of fhecp. Figuratively, any duwny, fliort, thick hair. " //W of bat, and " tongue of dojj." Shak. WOO'LLEN, Adj. confifling of wool j made of wool. Yv'OO'LI.FN, S. cloth .mrJc of wool. WO'RCESTKR, S Ion. a. 15 W. L^t. 52. 15. th.e cap'ta! city of W'orcelleiihirc, fiiuated on the river Severn, 119 m. N. W. of Lon- dr't;, elt€ts two members of pailianicnt, has a bifhop's fee, and gives title of Marquis to the family of Somerfet, duke> of Beau- foit. It contains nine parifh churches, thiee grammar fchoois, fcvcn hofpital.s, a watcr- hou.'e, and a well contrived quay. It is go- verned bv a mayor, aldermen, and other of- ficers, and has four fairs ; on Saturday before Palui-Sund;!y ; on Saturday in Eallcr-wcek ; on Auguft 15, and Septcmier 19. Msrket- days arcou Wednefdays, Fridays, and Satur- days WORCESTER, county is bounded by WO'NDER, S. [Bclg. ww.ifr. Sax. won-jshrop!hiic and Stafloidlh.re on ihe N. _ by V/iiiwicli- W O R Warwickfhire on the E. by Glouccflerfhircon tlie^ and Herefordltirc on the W. Tcppk'- iTian makes it 36 miles long, and 28 broad, and 130 in circumference, containing fevcn hundreds, eleven market-towns, befides VVor- lend ; from the Saxon, wherein it oencrailY cefter city, 152 paridies, 2r,coo houfes, and ■ figrifies time. 703,000 inhahitants. Both the foil and air WO'RLULINESS, S. » ftate wherein a are good. The rivers Severn, Stonr, Avon, perfon purfues liis prefcnt, to ihe nenitft of and 1 rent, waters this county, and fupply it his future and eternal intcreft. Covctouf- \V O R public life ; a great multitude ; mankind. 7« the worU, implies, exirting, in being, or po(- fible. lor all the ivcrldy exaflly. V>'orid ivith' out evd, fignifies to all eternity, or time without ■with plenty of delicious fi!h. The commodi- ties are corn, chcefe, wool, cloth, (tblfs, cyder, perry and balket-faJt. It fends two members to parii.mient for the county, and two each for Worccdcr, Droitwich, and Evelham, and one for Beivdicy. WORD, S. [pronounced tvurd; from lua'jrda, Goth, ivoni, Sax.j an articular found of the voice, by which fomc idea is conveyed to the mind of another ; any co!lc(f\ion of let- ters that conveys an idea j a (liort difcourfc. Jiguratively, language. After w^i^^, conteft. After keep, a promile. After /-/ir, a lignal. After liing, an account, or mcdage. In Scrip- ture, tlie Oofptl difpenfation. Chrirt, or the fecond perfon in the ever bleflcd Tri- nity. WO'RDV, Adj. ['::-erJwg, -wordfu!. Sax.] abounding in words, or making ul'c of more than what arc iicceffjry. WORE, pretcr of Wear. To WORK, V. N. [prtter and particple nels. WO'RLDLING, S. a perfon entirely guid- ed oy views of pain, WO'RLOLY, Adv. relating to this life, in contradirtin^ion to that which is to come; bent entirely on this world. Worm, S. [ws/w, •wyrm, Sax. tvorm, Belg. terif.is, Lat.j an annular creeping ani- mal. To WORM, V. N. to work flowly and fecretly. WORMY, Adj. abounding in worms. .WO:<N, Part, padive of W^far. To WORRY, V. A. f^.c-r/V.T!, Sax.j to tear, mangle, or (hake like l>cafls of prey. Figuratively, to harrafs, or perfccutc bru- tally. WORSE, Adj. fthc comparative degree of Bap. tlius irregularly compared, bad,"ivorff, iLor/}\ from ivorra. Sax.] that which, on comparifon, .-"ppears to have Icfs good cjuali- ties than another. padive 7i•ir^^■<y or -wrought ; lueorcan. Sax.] ' To WORSE, V. A. to put to difadvan- to labour or employ one's felf about any tage. thingwhich requiresconflintoivigorousexcr- WORSHIP, S. [ivorfepe, Sax.] dignity tion of rtrcngth ; to be in a^ion or motion ; which requires reverence Piid refpe(ft; a cha- to ?.(\ as a manufafturor. To ferment, ap- | raOer of honour; adoration ; the title of a plied to liquors. To operate, or have an eff-<fl; ' juflice of peace. to obtain by afliduity 5 to aO on as an object, j lo WORSHIP, V. A. to adore or pay To refine, ufcd with up to. To be tofled or divine honours to ; to honour, or treat with agitated as it in a fermentation. " Confus'd great reverence. v;'n\\-work'wg fands,and rolling waves." /fi^t///". I WORST, the fuperlative of Dad or III. Aiflively, to make by degrees, or continual ap- 1 See Worse. plication of llrength ; to labour or manufac-j To WORST, V. A. to defeat or over- ture ; to produce by a(ffion; to bring into any ; throvv. ftate. " Works itfelf clear. Aidif. To em- WO'RSTFD, S. thread made of wool, broider, or perform by the needle. To ma- (fuch as Jiockii;gs arc made of. nageor dire(fl, applied to (hips. LTedwIthl WORT, S. [-^iJ/V.', Sax. wcr.', Belg.] an cut, to tffl'rt by continual labour ; to erafe, or j heib originally; but at prefcni appropriated to efface. Uki with up, to raifc, excite, orii plant of the caiibage kind; new beer Provoke. I either fermented or fermenting ; from byrs, WORK, S. [-avorr, Sax.wfr«. Belg.] con. Sax. flant application of ftrcngth or mind ; labour WORTH, S. [pronounced ivurtb ; from or employ ; a date of labour ; a bungling at-|7c:?r.'Z», or -wyrth. Sax. g^crth, Brit, tcanh tempt: f.ny thing made by the needle, or any manual art ; an acflion or deed. To wo to nvork v:ith, is to manage or treat. I0 ftt on work, to emplov, er.g.:(>e, or excite to ^(ftion. WO'RKMaNSHip, S. manufaaure; the Ikill of a worker ; the art of working. WORLD, S. [tvor/dyweruld, -cvnr n Id, S2x.~' Arm. j price or value j excellence j import- ance. WORTH, Adj. equal in price or value j deferring of. . WO'i< THLESS, Adj. of no value. Of bad principles, applied to perfons. WORI HY, Adj. [from Worth] deferv- the whole fyftem of created things; the earth, ing. Equal in value, ufed witii of. Valuable; Following //•,-;, the prefent (tare of cxi.Qance. j fuitable. A fecular life or the pleafures and inteiefl WO'RTHY, S. a perfon of eminent whjfh Ucal away the Jbul from God in ai oualities, and dticrving eftccm. I W R E To V/OT, V. N. ['.ihcr, Sax. whence 'u-i-.'f to know] to knj\v, cr be aware of. Obfolet*. WOULD, the prctcr of V."im, ufea cs an auxiliary verb to cxprd's the tptative and fub- junctive niouds. NVOU LDiNG, S. an inclination or de- fire. " llie ivcuuLrgs oi the fpirit." Ham- 7t.ir,d. VVOl'ND, S. \iv-:yJ, Sax. ivcrJe, Belg.] a hiu't given a peribn by any violence. •lo WOUND, V. A. to cut the /kin by any viokr.ce or accident. WOL'NO, prtter and participle palTive of W I K D . WRACK, S. fRelg wracca, Sax] the de- flnid on of a iT;ip by wir.ds or tocks. >ipiiraiive'y, ruin or dclhu(nian. Sec Wreck. To WRANGLE, V, N. iii-ragglefair, Belg-] to difpute or qunriel in a pcevifti, cr f ervcrfe m;inner, for trifles. WRANGLE, S. a quarrel on account of fon-.e trlfiing incident. To WRAP, V. A. [//•£■;!>», Sax. w^cr D?.n. 1 to roll toj;eiher in fold.' ; to cover with fo mething lolled, cr thrown lound. Ufcd with Nf', to cover, hide, or conceal. WRA'FPER, S. ;iny tiling ufcd as a cover. V/R'ATH, S. \ivraih, Sl^x. ivreHc, Dan.] anger excited to a high degree by fcmegreut offence. WRA'THFUL, Adj. angry j furious ; raging. 7o WREAK, V. A. {■zi-raccatt. Sax. -zwr- itn, V,c\g.ycckev, Tcut ] to revenge j to exe- cute ;iny violent dtfign. VVRKAK, S. revtnge ; paflion. WREATH, S. [lurath, Sax.] any thing curled or twidcl j a g;irland or chaplet. To WREA'fHE, V. A. [■^rt^.cx lurecthed , part, paflive, ■:frf<?r^(fl', ovivrcat}. en] to curl or twill ; to interweave cr entwine together; to eiici'.cic or funound like a garland. W^RECK,S,fw;-cw,-, Sax.-zi'rar^f, Belg.] This vv<rJ is varioufly written; if derived from the Saxon, it is fpclt as in this article; lut if from the Dutch, as in the article Wkack, wliic'i {ie. "i o v\ RECK, V. A. to def'roy by rufiiing on rocks or fands. To ruin. To WRENCH, V. A. [ivrirgan. Sax. -j'rr-^rcn^ Belg.] to pull by violence ; to lorcc ; to fprain a limb, - WRENCH, S. a violent pull or twlA; afpr-uln. 'io WREST, V. A. {-.cracfan. Sax.] to twitt ; (o extort 1,'y violence ; to diflort ; to apply a word to an uncommon meaning, a? jE veie, witli violerice to its common accep- tation. 'f o ^VRE'STLE, V. A. to flrnggle with 2. prrfon, in crJcr to throw him down. Figu- litivcly, to flriipgle with great foice, in crder tol'urmcunt It.nicoppofition. W K o WRETCH, S. [lurecca. Sax.] a pcrfon in extrcn>e mifery j a perfbn of no worth or merit. WR£'TCHED, Adj. in a (late tf miferyj pitiful ; dcfpicabie ; worthleff. VVRE'TCllEDNESS, S. a Oate of extreme mifery, wicksJncfs, ot lewdnefs- To WRl'GGLE, V. N. [ivrig^av, .«ax. luggciiii, Bc!g.] to move to and fro with (liort twifts in walking. WRIGHT, S. l-wriltj, ivrykta. Sax.] a workman; a maker. 1 o WRIN'3, V. A. fpreter and part pafT. ivy'iytgicl, and ti'iung; ivrwgcti, Sax.] to twift or turn round with violence; to ioice moil- turc out of a thing by tuifiing it ; to f^jueeze ; to pinch ; to lurrafs or diflrels. Neuterly, to writhe with anguilh. WRl'NKLE, S. [ivnrif/c. Sax. tunvlel, Uclg.] a furrow of the (kin or face ; any rouojinefs in a furface. To WRINKLE, V. A. {nvnr.cllav, Sax.] to contiaift the (kin into furrows j to make any furface uneven. \VR1ST, S. [ivi'P, Sax.] that part in which the hand joins to the arm, WRl'Si BAND, S. the band at the extre- mity of a (liirtor fliift flcevc. WRIT, S. [from Write j any thing writ- ten ; Scripture : the laft fenfc is ufed when fpeaking of the Bible. A judicial or legal pro- cefs. WRIT, thepreterof Write. WRITATIVE, Adj. fond of, or inclined to write. " Years make men more talkative, but lefs wnVa'it-f." Pcpe. Johnfon cenfures tliisword as an innovation, and unworthy of being imitated. To WRITE, V. A.l [prefer ivrk, or Ti'r^rf, part, pafliveirr;.'] to form letters, or cxprcfi bya pen. Neuterly, to conveyNsne's ideas by letters formed with a pen ; to com- pofe. WRI'TER, S, one who writes; a pen- man j tn autiwr. To WRITHE, V, A. [ivritkcn. Sax.] to diftort ; to twift with violence. WRITING, S. the art of formin" letters, woids, &c. with a pen ; a p^^per containmg writing : any legal inftrumeiit. WRITTEN, participlepafiiveof Write. WRONG. S. [wi-jngc, Sax.J any thing done knowingly, or wiih a defign to injine another ; an aftion confiftcnt with moral rec- titude ; an error. WRONG, Adj. inconfit'tentwiili morality, propriety, or t; nth ; improper. To WRONG, V. A. to dcpiive a pcrfoo of his C\\:(i ; to injure. WRO'NGFUL, Adj. injurious; r.njuft. Wi^ONG-HEAD, or WROrCG-HEAD- ED, Adj. obfiinaie ; in the wrong. \VRO IE, prctcr and participle palTive of Write. WROTH, WROTH, AJj. [woth, Sax. -vraJ, Dan.] an^ry, rcry much piavr)t/c<J by fonit offjncc. •' MtWcs was •:urc:f:." Exui, xvi. 20. WROUGIIl", fpicri<r u.)<l pair, paflivc of Work, derivfJ trom nvirkcn, Ctlg. wiiich imkcs g rod : in thepreter; Z'^sg';//, 6;ix.] per- formed. Picvailtd upon, or influenced, ulld witii hf'ti. Operated. WRL'NG, pitter and participle palTivc of Wrino. YEA pinral. It Is pronounccJ by einittin^ tljc brcitk with a fullden cxp;ui(ion cf the lips, whca contraded fo as lo found an u. YACHT, S. \hom jagt, Teut.] a fmall Ihip, generally ufcd in conveying Uate p^iJca- gcrs. YARD, S. [grard, Sax. g.zrdd, Brit.] in- 'j'.ofed ground liclonging to a hoiill" ; a tnea- iinc contdin-ng three icci, fettled by Henry I. i from the lenntli of his own arm ; from gcrd. WRV, Adj. ("from Writ Hr.] crooked ; | Sax. Lcn^ p;:ces of limber tilted acrofs the diftorted ; pervencJ. To WRY, V. N. to be contorted or writh- ed. Actively to didort. X marts, and u(ed as Aipports for the faili. YARE, Adj. Igdiw:, S.IX.] rcddy ; eager ; dextrous. " You fliall find mzysr:." Siakt Not in life. YARMOUTH, S. a fe.i port town wf Norfolk, witii a market on Saturd;iys anJ ( Wcdnefdays, :<nd one f.iir on Friday :<nd S*- XThe twenty-fecond letter of the F.ng- | turday iu I- aii^-.-week, for perry ch.-.pmen. It lilhalphaiier, and a double confonant, iis feated on Hit river Yavc, nh:reit falls into 5 .hicli is borrowed lioni the Saxons, ' the fca, and is a p[ace of great ftrcngth. it is and is to be met with liivcwife in the Gothic 1 reckoned liic key of this coalt, and is a clean alphabet, but pronuncedby them in the fime ' handfome place, the houfes bciiij; well built : manner us by the Greeks, ;'. c like ./. . 'J he ; and Jtis alfo a place of confidcrablc trade, it is Gicfk £ or Hi li-s the fame fjund as the i noted for its rtd herrings, as alfo ior it$ F.nglil'h ; but as this letter is never iifed to | coaches, whicli arc notlnng more t!>an ficd;'cs kegin Fn^lilli words, the articles under it will |drove about \\i;!i one iioifc, in a iLt ne:a tbs be very few, and molljy derived from the . fe . The tov\i) is govcniLU by a nnyor, 18 Greek, A numeral X Itands for rt.7. XKR'IF, a title given to a prince or chief governor, of Iiir!)ary. XERO'COLLYRIU?.!, S. [Gr.J -a dry phflcr for fore eys. XEROmiAGY.S. \.xcrc;.haiie, I.at.) the filing of dry meats, a fort of fait among the primitive Chiillians. XIPli01'J-)K^, S. [^■;©', Gr. a fword, and £iS>, Gr.J in An itoms, the name of a cartilage at the bottom of the flrrjum, and fo called, from iti rclcmbling the point of a j gape; to open \sid€j to cxprcfe longing by fword. I faring. XY'.?TUS, S, [■: r^. Gr. from |u«, Gr.] in Arci-.iicifiurc, a Ij-j; fpacious portico, wbcrcio lite aihlcis e;crvc;fed. aldermen, and '^d common-council men, spd ■.■>nf)(U of about rjoohoufcs. it lies zj niil« i'.. of N'orwich, 54 N. E. oi ipfwicii, and 124 N. E. of Loudon. To YARK, V. N. to growl or fnarl likg a dog. YAllX, S. [gcsrn, ?ax.] wool /;Hin Inta threads. YAWL, S. nboat or fmall vcdel belonging to a '.hip. To YAWN, V. N. \recuar.. Sax.] Y Y The twenty-third letter of the F.ng iiili alphaber, ufid loth ns a vov. t Saxon alpliabe: fcems borrowed from tliat of the Greek T, efpecialiy as its found in thc Saxon rclembles it, and in molt Enojiih w-ords <lcrived from the Greek, is fui)(t!t'itcd for it. When it occurs at the beginning of a word, it is founded like the Hebrew ; but at the end of words like a long i. Si)ch words as end in this letter in the fingular, form their plural in ie:, being toriTvtily written with ;V initead of \y; and pcri^^ps generally deri-.'cd from the YA W'N, S. the ati of gaping. YAWNING, Adj. fleJpy. YCLE'PKD, ; n-ir. p-iilive ofCtsPE, e.-ill, fiom e/ejjc:/:. Sax. to which is ad Jcd liiepariicle V, iifed in t1;e rre'crs and paitieiples in oli Eiigliili, ar.d from _c-c. Sax. j cailcd; n.'meil. YE, pron. the nominative plural cf Tiioe, ufedwhen fpe-ikiog to more than one pei(b«; from gr, -^ax. lui, Arm tiy. Boh. •;_y,^Daini. ii, Sclav, c'kid', P>nUj:z., furk. YEA, Ad}, [sj or gca^bax. J J, Daa. Tcut. and Belg.] ves ; trily. To YARN, V. K. [eaman, SaK.J to bri.-vj forth young, applied to fiieep, YE'ANl-lNG, ilje ycung of flicep. YEAR, S. \gijr, S.-.X. 'jcicr, £cig. jalr^ Tun. iiar, Dan. ,u; Run.]. a fyftem, or circle offeveral m jnths, or afpiceof time mcaf urai by the revolution offome cele't-^l hodj4|B its orbit. .«4^_/l/./r j-r<Jr confilts of 365 days. Fi.ench, who fuim their plural likcwife by the j 6 hours, :<n,l almoft 10 minutes. A lura; addition of ani; tKwxi, fiatuvliy, formerly L-!r/7r is kfs tlwn l)ic foUir by 11 days, and VKken frauimtie, makci frettniUiei jn the j connfts ei4a(fLly of 354. d»ys S heurs^ ar.^^;^ *^ YET invnutes, and is the year now ufed by the Turks. The dmlyear is that which each na- tion has contrived to compute time by, and jjeneraily conlifls of whole days ; the common till/year con flits of 365 days, and the B://cx;IIe, or kap year, conlii'sof 3C6 diys, and has one day more than the common, whicli is called the intercalary day. YE'ARLING, S. a beafl a year old. YE'ARLY, Adv. every year j lading a year ; once a yezr. | To YEARN, V. N. [pronounced^rrr?, with : * (liort; cjiKldti, Sax.] to fcei a itrong fympa- j thy, affcCiion, or icndernefs. Actively, to | grieve or a fit cl wiih fympathy. " It would I *'■ yearn yoiirJieart to fee it." Shak. The lafl , fcnfe is obfolcte. 1 YE,AST, S. [y/ft, .Sax.] the foam of beer ! in a Hare of fermentation. I YiiLI-i, .S. ' ycau-^ve. Sax.] the yellow part j of an e<ig; commonly prcncunced, and oitcn 1 written, _j'3/«. To YtLL, V. N. [yle. III.] to make a I hoirildc cry through Jbrrow or agony. YliLL, S. a cry cxpic.'Iivc of horror. YtLLOW, Adj (^vij/<.'7pf, Sax. ghAeuive, Belg. ^;Vr//3, \ti.\.jadiie, Fr.j a bright colour, refemLlinp gold. YE'LLOWI'CaY, S. a piece of gold coin " Ydloivlovs to fee council." Join Bull. YELLOWNESS, S. the 4uality of being yellow. To YELP, V. N. ly^al^ar.. Sax ] to bark or make a noife like a Jiound in purfuit of its prey. YEO'MAN, S [according to Junius, from rei/iini. Sax. a villager j a man of a fmall land- ed! eftatc: formerly given as a title to Jolditrs, and at prelent applied to ihc guirds which at- tend the king, cloath.cd in tl;e drefs worn in the days ot Henrv VIH. YEO'MANKY, S. the collcaive body of yccmen. ToYERK,V. A. [See Jerk] to move or throw cut with a faring. YERK, S. a fpring or tjuick motion. YERN. SieeYEAP-N. Yi-S. Adv. [c-//;-, Sax.] a term ufcj to im- ply confer.f, aiicnt, cr cfSrmation j oppoied to ; r. YKS'TER, Adj. [gLipo; Bdg. hftcnus, Lac] the next before the picftpt day. ■ ' VV horn *' ypr fun beheld." IryJ. Scldosfi ufed, unltfsin compofaioa. YT'srERDAY, S. [.Pi-.^aW^.j-, Sax. /.:/. tctraiiiCi. Lat ] tire day L(> p;(i. YL'STEKNiGHT, S. the n-ght laR ^^ \ V.T, Conj. [pj-r, g't, gcta. Sax.] never- ^Wi'cis ; not«i;hi!anding; however. "21/ " il. ifc imptifittions being balanced by great " virtues." Diyd. "^ ir'.T, Adv bcfides; n^ore then has been nitni!i:ueu. " Thii furni^cs wiih vf/ one Y O R " morcreafon " Artcrb. Still; without any - a'teration. " While they vi:c\c yet heaihens.!*^ .iddifcn Once more " Tct,yct, a momfrnt." Pope. Uftd with a negative before it, at this time, or fo foon. " Thales— faid, young men, " not yet." Bjc. To YIELD, V. A. [proBounced ^^e/t/; Uom geldan. Sax.] to produce ; to afford ; to give as a due; to allow. " I jzWt^ it juft." RTdt. Ufed with up to re.Ggn or furrcnder. N'eiiterly, to fubmit as cjnquered ; to com- ply ; to admit or allow : to give place to as an inferior in excellence, or any other qualitv. YOKE, S. [^cof, Sa^-K. jcck, Belg. juguntf l-zt. 'pug, Fr.] the bandage placed oi the neck of a draught horfe. Figuratively, a mark of fervitude; flaveiy ; a l:nk, band, or tye ; a couple or pair ; a piece of wood placed on ti»c fiioulder.':, by means of which two pails are carried at once. To \OKE, V. A. to fafltn to a carriage by a Aoke; to join or couple with another, " Cailius, you arejo^cjwiih a lamb." iJliai. To endive or fiibdue. " F-ie ycketh your le- l)tl!iou5 necks." Shuk. To re drain or con- tine. " Words and promifcs that yoke — the " conqueror." Iliullh, YOKEFELLOW, or YOKEMATE, S. a companion in labour. " Jli-j.yl.'.oiwin aims." iibck. A mate. YOLK, S. See Yelk. YON, YOND, YONDER, Adv. [geomJ, Sax.] at a difiance. YORH, or of YORE, Adj. [gcogara. Sax.] long; of old time, or long ago. YORK, S. [named CiJtT- i7i>vT/,f, by Nin- nius, and Cacr Kffrcc, from K. Eiiaucus, its fuppofed founder. E-vortvU; cr Eafortcic, S^>l. i. e a city f tuatcd on the river L'/e] the I feco.id city in England, an archbiilicp's fee, and the metropolis of Ycrkfljire. Itisplea- fant'y fiUiatid in a valley, in a f'.rtile foil, and v.hclcfo.Tieair, is both lirge and populous, f-;vcral miles in circumference, has four large gates ; and is divided by the river Oufe, for- n)erly named Ure, which has a very hand- fome brid^^e, whofe arch is efleemed very muciion .iccount of its fv\tep anddimcnhons. It is governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, who are jullices of the peace, twenty-four ptmie c..!mmon-council-mer,, tight chamber- lains, feventy-two ccmmcn-co-iinciUaaen. a re- cordcr^ town-clerk, commbn-fcrjcant, Avord- bsarer, fee. It fends two members to parlia- ment ; is diflant frcni London 150 compu- ted, tr If a meafi:red mi.'cs, and is liiuaied ill Ion. 22 dcg. 2f; ice. lat 5.-;. dcg. and 10 fee. Y'O'RKSIIJRE, S. b) fjj thehrgert county in England, is bounded on llie W. by Lanca- iLire, and p:.rt ol Che'hire ; on the S. by Ocr- livfhire, Nottinghamfl.ire, and Lincolnlhirc ; on the E. by the German occjn ; and on the N. by Duilum and u"eOxnt.rcliud. It is faid Y U X. to contain 7G0 miles in compafs, being 75 fron N. to S. and So from •:. to W.' Liu Tcmpleman makes it 114 miks ion'^, and 80 broad 5 and others reckon ^,770,000 acres in this county. It is divided into three ridings, di(iingui(hedby Raft, Weft, and North, from their ficuation with rcfpcd to York city ; t!»e wc(t-ridin]T comprehendiii.gten hundredc.and twenty- f^ur m <rket-tovvns;.the calt four liun- dreds, and eight market-towns ; and the r.orth twelve hundreds and liiventeen r.nrket towns. This county contains 563 parilhes, 242 vicai- ages, 2330 vi!!;;gcs, about 106,150 houfcs, and 530,750 inhabitants. As this county is of fo jjreat extent, both its air and foil murt be different in diffLicnt parts of it ; but it is in general plentitul, and rcmarkoble for its breed othoifcs. It ftiuls 30 members to par- liament, 2 for the county, 2 for York city, and 2 cuch for Kinglton upon FIuU, Knaref- borou<;h, Scarborough, Kipon, Richmond, Heydon, Borough bridge, Malton,- Thirfkc, Aldborough, Beverly, Norihallcrton, and Pontefiatft YOU, {'ron. [i:o7v, the accufative plural of thii, Sax. thouj tliis word is ufcd wiien we I'peuk to more tl).u) one; butbycuflom has been applied, by w,,y of ceicii ony, even when we addrefs a fingle per/on. It is fometimcs Xifed indefinitely, for any pcrfon, in the fame ftnfe as en, Fr. YOUNG, Adj. [iorg g'ecn^. Sax. 7>r, Eelg. i:ing, Teut.j not born many years ; in the firfl part of life. Figuratively, ignorant, unexperienced. Applied to vegetables, newly grown. YOUNG, S. the offspring of brute ani mals. YOU'NGSTER, or YOU'NKER, S. a young perfon : a word of contempt. YOUR, Pron. {eozver, Sax. jcztcar, Goth. J belonging to you. It feems to be rather the genitive plural of eower, from ge, Sax. you ; and on that account i^ fcidom uled but when we fneak to more than one, unlefs when we cnnipliment a pcrfon ; and in that fcnfe it is that we add the 's final, a fiB;n of the genitive iingular, more particularly fo when the fubft.intive goes before, or is under- ftood. " '1 is managed by an abler hand than "jSKr'i." Drjd. " It iiyouri to tranfmit." Pcpc YO'lTRSELF, Pron. [froip j>'a«r and/^/Tj you, cxclufive of any other. _ YOUTH, S. \ycogi,th, Sax.] that part of life which is between childhood and mtnliood, generally reckoned from 14 to 28 ; a young man. Young men, ufed colLdively. YOU'THFUL, Adj. young; fuitable to youth ; vigorous. YULE, S. [gcoI,yeoI, yehuly Sax.] the time ofChriftmas. To tUX, V. A. [gcoy.a, gcoHxag, Sax,] to foli or fi^h. Thc ia'l letter of the alphabet ; » double CBnfljnatit. lis fbim is the ■ 5 fatne in t!;s Saxor;, G*ji.hic, and Grci-k alphabets, and its iound icfcjv.blcs that of an hard 5. Z-^'FFRE, S. a blue colonr made of co- balt powdered very fine, niixtd with three times it weight of powdered flints, and fub- limated. ZA'NY, S. a perfon who endeavours by odd jeliurcs andexpj-edions to excite laughter; a meiry-andrevv or buiToon. " Preacher at " once and xai:y of ttiy age." Fope, ZA'RNISH, S. a foHd fubftance in which orpiment is found, ofagieen or yellow colour. ZE.-iL, S. f pronounced x..i! from ft)i>.ov, Gr. zclus, Lat.j a paffionate ardour or affec- tion for .nny thing, perfon, or caufe. ZEA'LOT, S , ^=X«)T)j;, G\\ i^eloteiir, Fr.J one that ei'poufes any caufe with a great ar- • dour or palTion : gencraiiy ufed in dilpraife. ZLA'LOUS, Adj. [pronoimced »£/o«jJ ef- poufn-.g any caufe with padion. ZE'CIliN, S. [from Zecha,' in Venice, where the mint is fettled] a gold coin worth. aboHt nine uiillings fleriing. ZED, b. the name of the letter a. Figu- ratively, a crooked perfon, formed like the letter Z. A worthlefs inlignificant wretct. '• Tiiou whorefon x^ui, ihou unneceflary let- ter." Shak. ZE'NITH, S. [Arab.] the point in the heavens diredlly over one's head, and oppofitc to the Nadir. Zt-PHYR, or ZEPHYRUS, S. [Lat.] the weft wind : poetically applied to any calm, foft, or genial wind. ZEST, S. the peel of an orange fqueezed into wine ; a velilh or tafte fuperadded to any thing. ZETE'TICK, Adj. proceeding by enquiry. ZEU'G.MA, S. [Gr.J a figure in Rheto- ric, wherein an adjediveor verb, which agrees with the next word is likewife applied to one or many more remote. ZO'DIAC, S. [z.0(Uaque, Fr. ^stJiaxof Gr.J the ecliptic, or track of the fun through the twelve fign.s, which are called by the iiamc of fome animal. ZONE, S. y^ny. Gr. xcna, Lat. J a girdle. " The middle part — girt like a ftarry z.one his waift." Pa-. Left. A divifion of the terraqueous globe, with refpe*^ to the dilfertut degrees of heat. The whole earth is divided \mo Ji'ue zones \ that in the middle, and be- ing betvveen the two tropics, is called the toriid X(,ne; by theantients it was thought to be un- inhabited ; but modern difcoveries have ex- ploded this fuppolition There arc two tem- pciate, and twofi igid zora; the northern tem- perate xc-jt- is terminated by the tropic of can- cer, and the artic polar circle. The frigid xoncs are circumfcnbed by the pohr circles, and have the poles in their centers. ZOO- Z V I ZOO'GRAPHER, S. [^xc-j ani yfa^i,^ Gr.] otic who dilcribcs thenatmc, properties, atiJ forms of animals. " By xocgraphen cal- *' led the prophet." Bacon. ZOO'GRAPHY, S. [{mv Gr. and y;^'fo.; Gr.] a delcription of the form, natures, and properties of animals. " Weare thereby con- " dnfted into zoograpby." Grevj. ZOO'LO(3Y, S. [fajcv, Gr. and Xo;.oc, Gr.] a trtatife concerning animals or living creatures. Z'OOPHYTE, S. [^«5v, Gr. and <fi;rov, Gr. ] a vegltable or plant which par- takes both of the nature of plants and ani- mals. ZOOPHO'RIC, Adj. [^ajov, Gr. and ffpse, Gr.] bearing an animal. A.xoopbcric cclutnn, in Architefture, is that which bears or fupports the form of an animal. ZOO'PHORUS, S. [Sec Zoo'pHesic] the frieze of a column, or that part which is between the architrave and cornice; fo called from the ornaments relembling animals, car- ved upon it. ZOO'TOMIST, S. [ ^(WiV, Gr. and TE/^vo), Gr. ] a pcrfon who dillcOs ani- mals. ZOO'TOMY, S. the difTeOion of the body of beads; called likewife, comfarcniw enatoniy. ZUi'NGLIANS, S. a branch of ancient z z reformers, fo called from their founder Ukk ZYGO'MA, S. [Gr.] a bone of the head, confining ot an aflcmblage or union of two proceflcs, or eminences of bones, the one from the OS temporh, and the other from xMcos mala, which are joined together by a future, thence called Zxgomatk. ZYGOMATIC, Adj. [Sec Zycoma] in Anatomy, tht z^ygcmatic mufcle, or vmfculus Kygcmatkus, is a mufcle which comes from the zy^ona, and pafTing obliquely, is inferted near the angle of the lips, Its ufe is to draw the lips obliquely upwards. ZYMO'MA, S. any thing which promotes or caufes fermentation. ZYJVIOSl'iMETER, S. [See Zymoma] an inflrument propofed by the ingenious na- turalift Swammerdam, in his book De Rcfpiia- tioi-e, to meafure the degree of fermentation cauicd by the mixture of different bodies, and l!ie degree of heat they acquire in fermenting; befides which, he applies it to find the heat cr temperament of the blood in animals. ZYTHO'GALA, S. [ from xydus, Lat. and yaX*^, Gr] in Medicine, a word wfcd frequently by Sydenham, to fignify a mixture of beer and milk, or a pofJet drink, Z. Z. A charadler made ufcofbythe an- Iiient phyficians to fignify myrrh, and by the moderns to fignify ginger. FINIS. UCSB LIBRARY IM D 000 342 239 i j^aut^^mmM tf#; mMw^/mUL.