B 3 573 464 
 
V.!tg-.-W?'r'*>'''t'r:i :f,-> r ai r;ja.;i:^A 
 
UNPUBLISHED CORRESPONDENCE OF 
 DAVID GARRICK 
 
SOME UNPUBLISHED CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 OF 
 
 DAVID GARRICK 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 GEORGE PIERCE BAKER 
 
 PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 iriTH ILLUSTRJTIONS 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 HOUGHTON MIFFLIN AND COMPANY 
 
 1907 
 
ttOf?^ 
 
 COPYRIGHT 1907 BY HOUGHTON MIFFLIN & CO. 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
 
 THIS EDITION CONSISTS OF 43O COPIES OF WHICH 
 THIS IS NO. ) ? H 
 
 PRINTED AT THE RIVERSIDE PRESS CAMBRIDGE 
 MDCCCCVII 
 
TO 
 
 J. H. LEIGH 
 
 WHOSE GENEROSITY 
 
 MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO SHARE 
 
 THESE LETTERS WITH THE PUBLIC 
 
 WHOSE COURTESY 
 
 HAS HEIGHTENED THE PLEASURE 
 
 OF EDITING THEM 
 
 THIS BOOK IS GRATEFULLY 
 
 DEDICATED 
 
 1GG484 
 
PREFACE 
 
 In June^ 1899, a collection of some sixty-six letters and 
 MSS. of David Garrick was offered for sale at Sotheby''s 
 Auction Rooms ^ London. The material had been collected 
 by William Wright^ a racing-man^ who^ having the fad 
 of extra-illustrating^ had gathered for that purpose this col- 
 lection and many other letters^ some of them not concerning 
 Garrick, Nearly all the letters and MSS. of the set, and a 
 number of others by Garrick offered at the same time, -weir 
 bought by Mr. J. H. Leigh, owner of a rich collection of 
 theatrical portraits and memorabilia. Originally it was his 
 intention to use his purchases for extra-illustrating, but as 
 soon as their unusual value became apparent, he decided to 
 keep the letters and MSS. together, and, when urged to 
 print them, very courteously put the collection at the dis- 
 posal of the editor for such publication as he should think 
 best. The letters interestingly f II gaps in Boaderi's huge 
 and inept Private Correspondence of David Garrick, 
 make important corrections in the biographies of Garrick, 
 and throw much light on the man himself In this book 
 some forty letters and MSS. are printed, all except two for 
 the first time. Only parts of these two have before been re- 
 produced. Of the remaining letters and MSS. in the Col- 
 lection, but not here reprinted, two letters have already been 
 printed by Boaden, and two bits of verse are already 
 
viii PREFACE 
 
 known; one letter concerns Garrick only indirectly^ and 
 the rest of the letters deal with unimportant business or 
 social details. 
 
 Because eighteenth century taste was coarser and its 
 speech franker than our taste and speech to-day ^ a few lines 
 have been omitted. J\/b attempt has been made to reproduce 
 blots and erasures: otherwise the MSS. are duplicated as 
 closely as the types permit. However^ it is by no means 
 always possible to be sure of Garrick'' s intended capitaliza- 
 tion^ punctuation^ or meaning in the case of inadvertent 
 omissionsy for, as he often said^ he wrote ' ' always in a 
 hurry.''"' 
 
 The illustrations in this book are reproduced by per- 
 mission of J. H. Leigh, Esq. , the Fellows of the Royal 
 •College of Physicians, and the authorities of the Harvard 
 College Library. For this generous co-operation the editor 
 expresses his hearty thanks. 
 
 The editor will welcome information in regard to rare 
 prints of Garrick and his friends and unpublished letters to 
 or from him now in private collections. 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 David Garrick .... frontispiece 
 
 From a mezzotint of a cast of Garrick's face. 
 Scratched on the lower margin of the plate are the 
 words : ' Publis'd, April 4^, 1779 by R. E. Pine.' 
 
 Garrick as Richard III . . . . page 4 
 
 From the original painting owned by J. H. Leigh, 
 Esq. On the picture is the following inscription in 
 red: 'Bardwell made this original in ye ist year of 
 David's Reign.' 
 
 Garrick as Lord Ch alkstone m his farce , ' Lethe ' 8 
 
 Engraved by Gabriel Smith. The lower part of the 
 print, divided into three parts by vertical dotted lines, 
 contains these verses : 
 
 I 
 Well done old Boy ! — pshaw, damn the Gout ! 
 
 The Chalkstones never fail ; 
 Thy Spirits, tho' thy Limbs give out, 
 
 Are brisk as bottled Ale. 
 
 2 
 
 Claret the languid Nerves renews ; 
 
 Champagne excites Desire ; 
 The Glass a pretty Girl can chuse ; 
 
 What more can Lord require ? 
 
 3 
 
 Let Grave ones preach up temp'rate Rules ; 
 
 They're Nonsense to the Great : 
 Such sober Maxims suit the Fools 
 
 Who 're born to no Estate. 
 
X ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 4 
 To save the Land, or Arts restore, 
 
 There Life let others waste [;] 
 Who cannot Game, and Drink, and Whore, 
 
 Is not a Peer of Taste. 
 
 5 
 Chalkstone ! thy Rank thou truly know'st 
 
 The Nobleman I see ! 
 And, Heav'n be prais'd ! our Isle can boast. 
 
 Of many a Lord like Thee. 
 
 Young Mrs. Garrick .... page 12 
 
 'From the Original Picture by Cath. Reid, [once] in 
 the possession of S. Edwards, Esq^' The Collection 
 of Garrick Prints in the Harvard College Library 
 contains this engraving in both the first and the sec- 
 ond state. The first state, copied in this book, bears 
 the statement : ' London Published June 4th 1802 by 
 Anthy. Molteno, Printseller to Her Royal Highness 
 the Duchess of York, N9 29, Pall Mall.' The second 
 omits this but adds just below the picture: 'Engraved 
 by W. P. Sherlock.' 
 
 Portions OF THE Marriage Agreement . .16 
 
 From the original in the possession of J. H. Leigh, 
 Esq. 
 
 M''^^ ViOLETTE IN FANCY COSTUME . . .20 
 
 From the painting in the Collection at the Shake- 
 speare Memorial, Stratford-on-Avon. By permission 
 of the Memorial Association. 
 
 Garrick in the first years of his success . . 24 
 
 This print is marked : ' Ar. Pond pinx. I. Wood 
 Sculp. Publish'd by I. Wood Ap\ 29th 1745. price is' 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS xi 
 
 Facsimile of the proportions of Garrick and 
 
 QuiNN PAGE 30 
 
 By Hogarth. ' From the Original in the Collection 
 of J. P. Kemble Esq' Published by Longmans, 
 Hurst, Rees,& Orme, Nov' ist 1808. T. Cook, sc' 
 This print may be found in the ' Graphic Works of 
 Wm Hogarth,' and in the 'Whole Works of W™ 
 Hogarth.' 
 
 Garrick as Ranger in Hoadley's ' The Suspicious 
 
 Husband' ...... 36 
 
 This print is inscribed : ' T. Worlidge delin T. 
 Lodge sculp Publishd according to Act of Parliament 
 by M. A' 
 
 Garrick as Tancred est James Thomson's ' Tan- 
 
 CRED AND SiGISMUNDA,' AcT I, Sc. 4 . . 40 
 
 On the print of this in the Collection of Garrick 
 Prints in the Harvard College Library is written in 
 pencil, ' T. Worlidge 1752.* 
 
 Garrick IN 1751 . . . . . .46 
 
 This print bears the statement ' Loitard [Jean 
 Etienne Liotard] Pinx* J. M[ac]Ardell Fecit. David 
 Garrick, Esq^ Done from the Original Picture 
 Painted at Paris London, Printed for Rob* Sayer 
 Map & Printseller N? 53 Fleet St.' 
 
 Garrick and his Wife . . . . .50 
 
 ' W. Hogarth, Pinx* H. Bourne, Sculpt Garrick and 
 His Wife From the Picture in the Royal Collection 
 Publishers : P. & D. Colnaghi & Co.' 
 
 Garrick as Sm John Brute in Vanbrugh's * The 
 
 Provoked Wife,' Act IV, Sc. 1 . .56 
 
 This mezzotint (1768) is by Finlayson after the paint- 
 ing (1765) by Zoffany. From the collection of J. H. 
 Leigh, Esq. 
 
xii ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Dr. Cadogan ..... page 64 
 
 From a portrait by R. E. Pine by kind permission of 
 the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians. 
 
 The Handwriting of Garrick and of his Wife . 70 
 
 From the originals in the possession of J. H.Leigh, 
 Esq. 
 
 Garrick circa 1 760 ...... 74 
 
 'Tho? Hudson pinx* Chaf Spooner fecit. David Gar- 
 rick Esqf. Printed for Rob* Sayer, at the Golden Buck 
 in Fleet St.' The Collection of Garrick Prints in the 
 Harvard College Library shows this in three states. 
 The first is reproduced in this book. The second and 
 third use blacker and larger script for the legend, 
 and have only ' Thof Hudson pinxt' at centre just 
 below picture. Below the name they have, ' London 
 printed for John Bowles & Son at the Block House in 
 Cornhill,' for the second state, and for the third state, 
 'London printed for John Bowles at N° 13 in Corn- 
 hill.' 
 
 Henri Louis Le Kain . . . . .80 
 
 The print in the Galerie Franjaise (1823) vol. in 
 bears these words : ' Le Kain d'apres un email peint 
 d'aprfes nature, communique par M. le Kain fils. H. 
 Grendon. Litta de Dumanne.' 
 
 Garrick as Richard III with Norfolk, Act V, 
 
 Sc. 3 . . . . . . .88 
 
 Painted by Zoffany. From the original painting in 
 the possession of J. H. Leigh, Esq. 
 
 Facial Expression OF Garrick IN 'Romeo' . . 96 
 
 From an unsigned print in the Collection of Garrick 
 Prints in the Harvard College Library. 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS xiii 
 
 'D. GaRRICK, ACTEUR AnGLOIs' . . PAGE 106 
 
 ' C. N. Cochin filius delin. C. N. Cochin et N. Du- 
 puis Sculpserunt.' Engraved circa 1767. 
 
 David Garrick . . , . . .112 
 
 From the original in the possession of J. H. Leigh, 
 Esq. This portrait is attributed to Sir Nathaniel Dance 
 Holland. Its peculiar pose is, however, explained by 
 the so-called Gainsborough portrait of Garrick of 
 which there is an etching as frontispiece of Joseph 
 Knight's David Garrick. The portraits seem nearly 
 identical and the so-called Gainsborough shows that 
 the tipping of the figure to the right is because Gar- 
 rick is resting his right elbow on his knee. 
 
 Garrick as Leon in 'Rule a Wife and Have a 
 
 Wife 122 
 
 ' R. Rushbrooke Esq^ del Pollard and Jukes sculp.' 
 at left and right of ovals. Each print bears the words : 
 'London: Publish'd March 30th iy86 by J. Cary 
 Map and Print-seller, corner of Arundel Street.' The 
 right hand picture adds ' Strand' at the end, omits 
 the hyphen in ' Print-seller,' and places the ' th ' 
 above ' 30.' 
 
 Garrick as King Lear, Act III, Sc. 5 . .128 
 
 ' Done from the original Picture Cha^ Spooner fecit 
 Printed for Rob* Sayer at the Golden Buck in Fleet 
 Street. Publish'd according to Act of Parliam* 1761.' 
 The original picture was painted by B. Wilson. 
 
 Garrick late in Life . . . . . 1 34 
 
 This print is in two states in the Collection of Gar- 
 rick Prints. The first has: 'T. Gainsborough pinxf 
 J. Collyer sculpt David Garrick Esq^ Published by 
 G. Kearsly,No46Fleet Street, i Novf 1776.' The sec- 
 ond places the following between the names of painter 
 and engraver : ' Publish'd as the Act directs, i March 
 1779, by Fielding & Walker, N9 20 Pater-noster Row.' 
 
xiv ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Mrs. Garrick AT 97 . . . page 138 
 
 The print bears the inscription : ' M^? Garrick. 
 (taken Sept. 1820. Etat 97.) To His Royal Highness 
 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, K.G. 
 &c. &c. &c. &c. This Plate is (with Permission) 
 most respectfully inscribed. By His Royal Highnesses 
 most dutiful, obliged & obedient Humble Servant, 
 J. R. Cruikshank Published as the Act directs for the 
 Proprietor by Messrs Colnaghi & CoCockspur S^Oct. 
 1822.' 
 
THE MAN AND HIS FRIENDS 
 

 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 SOME UNPUBLISHED CORRESPONDENCE 
 OF DAVID GARRICK 
 
 I 
 
 The Man and his Fnends 
 
 THAT young man never had his equal, and never 
 will," cried critical Alexander Pope on first seeing 
 David Garrick act. Certainly the success of this young 
 man of twenty-five was phenomenal. When he had had 
 no more experience of the stage than one or two half- 
 surreptitious London performances and a brief summer 
 season at Ipswich, he made his London debut at Good- 
 man's Fields Theatre, hitherto unsuccessful and three 
 or four miles from the fashionable centre of the town. 
 How could he hope that his acting should at once set 
 the town astir? Yet that is what his Richard III, first 
 acted October 19, 1741, did. His insight, honest meth- 
 ods, his humor, his power — in a word his genius — 
 were more and more steadily acclaimed as the season 
 advanced. His second year of acting found him at 
 Drury Lane, a favorite of the best, intellectually and 
 socially, in London. By the autumn of 1747 he had 
 become one of the managers of Drury Lane; by 1752, 
 when he first crossed to the Continent for a vacation, 
 he had become personally known to the artistic world 
 of Paris. In brief, from 1741 till his death in January, 
 
2 LETTERS OF 
 
 1779, honored and even sincerely mourned, he was one 
 of the foremost figures of his time. 
 
 He was, too, one of the busiest, for not only must he 
 act his many parts each season, — sometimes as many 
 as a hundred, — watch over the business interests of 
 Drury Lane, train young actors and actresses, sit for 
 innumerable portraits, thread his way through a maze 
 of social obligations, and read the piles of MS. plays 
 submitted to him, but he chose to tinker many of these 
 plays as well as to write plays of his own, and to turn 
 out much occasional verse, — not merely prologues and 
 epilogues, but epigrams and congratulatory or contro- 
 versial stanzas. In addition, in those days when each 
 man wrote his own letters, he was a voluminous corre- 
 spondent. In the Victoria and Albert Museum is a col- 
 lection of some twenty-two hundred letters to and from 
 Garrick, and these can be but a part of his correspond- 
 ence, for poor indeed is the collection of autographs 
 which has not something of his. 
 
 So varied were his powers, so mercurial was his 
 temperament that he has been a difficult subject for 
 his biographers, and the portrait of him acceptable to 
 a critical yet sympathetic student of his time remains 
 to be drawn. One of his biographers, Joseph Knight, 
 says of him in closing his L\fe^ "A curiously complex, 
 interesting and diversified character is that of Garrick. 
 Fully to bring it before the world might have taxed 
 his own powers of exposition." Naturally, as a result 
 
DAVID GARRICK 3 
 
 of this complexity, many in his own day and since 
 have failed to understand him; naturally, too, his great 
 success made him intense enemies. Consequently he 
 was not only directly vilified, but more insidiously 
 attacked with the anecdote which told, not what his 
 enemies knew to be true, but what they wished to 
 have believed true. As a man he was, of course, said 
 to be jealous, parsimonious, a toady to rank and title; 
 as a manager uninterested in the development of the 
 drama as drama, arrogating to himself all the best 
 lines, hard to his actors, etc., — in fact he was declared 
 guilty of the whole list of sins charged up by enemies 
 against the popular actor or actress. These accusations 
 against Garrick the letters of the Leigh Collection do 
 much to refute. 
 
 Before Garrick setded down to his life-work, he rest- 
 lessly considered several means of winning his livelihood . 
 The chief plan was the establishment in 1737, with his 
 brother Peter, of a wine business. David was to manage 
 the London end, in Durham Yard, and Peter the busi- 
 ness at Lichfield, the home of the Garricks. The Yard 
 was near Drury Lane, and the associations were those 
 most likely to foster the love of the theatre which showed 
 as early as the age of ten, when, with a company of his 
 playmates, he gave Farquhar's Recruiting Officer. Fitz- 
 gerald reports ' that Garrick said all that kept him from 
 
 I Life of Garrick, i, 40, Percy Fitzgerald. 
 
4 LETTERS OF 
 
 going on the stage was the pain he knew the step would 
 mean to his mother. If, as all of his biographers except 
 the latest, Mrs. Parsons,' report, she died very shortly- 
 after her husband, in 1737-38, this could not have been 
 the only check, for the final step did not come till 1 741 . 
 Really, Garrick's mother died some three weeks after 
 the date of the following letter with its solicitous inquiry 
 for her health. It is significant that the following spring 
 shows Garrick producing the rough draft of his farce 
 Lethcy and acting at St. John's Gate in Fielding's Mock 
 Doctor and a burlesque of Julius Caesar; and that the fol- 
 lowing summer brings his Ipswich experience. 
 
 The words, ' ' I should be glad of some orders, ' ' of the 
 last line of the postscript show that there was another 
 incentive besides an instinct for the stage to force Gar- 
 rick into acting. 
 
 Dear Peter. 
 
 I have receiv'd Giffard's^Note safe, & he returns 
 his Thanks & will pay you y^ Expences You have been 
 at when he sees you. M"^ Hassell's shew'd me Yesterday 
 a Letter from his Father wherein he mentions his hav- 
 ing pa [id] ^ You y® Money I lay'd down for him, if It is 
 pay'd I must desire you to Send Me up a Bill asoon as 
 
 1 Garrick and fits Circle, Parsons, p. i8. 
 
 2 Probably Henry Giffard, manager of Goodman's Fields Theatre, 
 for whose benefit Garrick's Lethe, in its first form, had been given at 
 Drury Lane, April 15, 1740. 
 
 3 Here as in the other places marked by [ ] the MS. is torn. 
 
YOUNG GARRICK AS RICHARD III 
 
J0$Si^jkkl'^ 
 
 
 '"'^•'•FIW,^ 
 
 y^ 
 
 
 "^U ^^ 
 
 
 A 
 
 -M^^-^ 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 r WX 
 
 
 :f 
 
 -.. ^€.^ 
 
 
 / 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 ^.^^f^ 
 
 &'• ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 -T^. 
 
 ' ^ 
 
 .^ 
 
 
 \t41 
 
 ^r^^^ 
 
 ^ -^ 
 
 - 
 
 Jl^l 
 
 ^m^ 
 
 ma -^ 
 
 
 sii ' 
 
 
 m% 
 
 
 V' 
 
 »^^a 
 
 H^K 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 L 
 
 ^^^v 
 
 '^■'■i 
 
 ^'^ ' , 
 
 ^^■te 
 
 
 '' '■: 
 
 
 ■■^^ 
 
 
 ''■ ■■■ 1^ 
 
 
DAVID GARRICK 5 
 
 possible, For Cash is rather Low & Brounker' wants 
 his Money, pray let me have It asoon as possible. I am 
 very uneasy till you send Me a particular Acc't of my 
 Mother; I hear by Severall hands she is in great Danger, 
 pray my Duty, & I desire nothing may be conceal'd 
 from Me. Doctor James is come to Town for good & 
 all, I [hope] he '11 do very well, pray My Services [to 
 Mr.] Nadal's"* Family, Love & Services to Brothers & 
 Sisters & believe me 
 
 Dear Peter 
 
 Vf sincerely 
 
 D. Garrick. 
 
 [At top of opposite page is written] 
 
 The Ale I have receiv'd safe, y^ Carriage .came in all 
 to about 11 shillings I believe IwilP prove good. 
 
 I should be glad of some Orders. 
 
 Much mystery surrounds the origin of Eva Maria 
 Violette, whom Garrick married on June 22, 1 749. One 
 story* says she was "the daughter of the Earl of Bur- 
 lington and a young Italian lady of position, after whose 
 death in Florence she was compelled to take to the 
 stage as a dancer for a livelihood. Her father had, it 
 
 1 A friend of the family, especially of Mrs. Garrick. 
 
 2 Possibly Sadal ? 
 
 3 Probably this is // -will^ for t and w seem to be run together. 
 
 4 David Garrick^ p. 123, J. Knight. 
 
6 LETTERS OF 
 
 is said, looked with care after her education, but the 
 money he forwarded for her use had been misapplied 
 by his agents. As a means of getting her near him, he 
 used his influence to secure her a London engage- 
 ment, and then induced his legitimate daughter, sub- 
 sequendy the Duchess of Devonshire, to accept her as 
 a companion." Another story' "represents her as the 
 daughter of a Viennese citizen, called Veigel, a name 
 for which, at the request of Maria Theresa, she sub- 
 stituted that of Violette, the name of Veigel being a 
 patois corruption of Veilchen, a violet. She was, how- 
 ever, unfortunate enough to attract the eye of the 
 Emperor, and was hurriedly dispatched to England 
 out of his way." What is certain is that she was so 
 skilled a dancer on her arrival in London in 1 746 that 
 Walpole speaks of her as the finest in the world ; that 
 she became the fashion ; that she was admitted to the 
 best houses; and that the Burlingtons especially pat- 
 ronized her. Lady Burlington waiting for her in the 
 wings when she was on. The story goes that Mile. 
 Violette saw Garrick act and fell so desperately in love 
 with him that she became ill. The doctor summoned 
 discovered the real situation, and, putting the case as 
 a matter of life and death, won the reluctant consent of 
 Lady Burlington, who had designed to make a titled 
 alliance for the girl. Clearly we have here the germ 
 
 I David Garrick,^. 12-^.,]. Knight. 
 
DAVm GARRICK 7 
 
 of the story which in various languages has been given 
 dramatic presentation, and is best known as Robert- 
 son's David Garrick. Whatever the beginning of the 
 afiair, Garrick pressed his suit with ardor, some ac- 
 counts asserting that once he even disguised himself in 
 woman's clothes in order to elude the watchfulness of 
 Lady Burlington. That he was much in love is shown 
 not only by the letter which follows, but by all the many 
 years of perfect companionship which ensued . The let- 
 ter certainly proves that Garrick had no memories of 
 serious opposition — pace the biographers — from Lady 
 Burlington, and that she was so well satisfied with the 
 match that she evidently had been addressing him as 
 gendre and heau-jils. Probably these terms are not to be 
 taken too seriously, or they will go far to establish the 
 relationship alleged between the Violette and Lord Bur- 
 lington. The letter certainly favors in its " our Mother 
 at Vienna " the Viennese origin. It is a particularly 
 characteristic letter of Garrick in his gayer mood, and 
 shows how thoroughly he could put himself into his 
 writing. 
 
 Merton Aug'^ sf 
 
 I had this Day the Honf of your Lady ship's Letter, 
 dated from Londesburgh,' which is the first I have been 
 favour 'd with, or at least that has come to my hand. I 
 
 I For eight hundred years the seat of the Clifford family (Lord Bur- 
 lington's) in the East Riding of Yorkshire. 
 
8 LETTERS OF 
 
 am affraid that from Chatsworth ' is miscarried if it was 
 directed to y*" Porter at Burlington House. I am sorry 
 your LadE makes no mention of a Letter of Mine w^*' Mf 
 Moore's Verses; "" it is something very Extraordinary to 
 have two Letters lost in the space of a Week — what 
 Answer can I possibly make to the Words, being trouble- 
 some, ^too importunate?; this surely is so like Irony, that 
 were I not well acquainted with your Lad ~^ goodness & 
 Disposition, I should feel it much; Your Desire Madam 
 of receiving News from Us, & about Us, cannot pos- 
 sibly equal our Joy & Pride in sending it: to give my 
 Reasons for this Assertion I know would not be agre- 
 able to y"" Lad? & tho low are too apt to forget such things 
 as I hint at, yet I hope ffe shall always have Grace 
 enough to remember 'Em. I shall be very carefull for 
 yfuture how I declare My Sentime[nts] of some cer- 
 tain Persons, & tho I have a right from Every principle 
 of Morality, & by y^ Laws of Gratitu [de] , yet my heart 
 shall burst rather than overf[low] & Give offence 
 — yet sure I may be permitted to transcribe a part of a 
 Letter I receiv'd last week upon this Subject — A most 
 worthy friend of Mine sent me his Congratulations 
 upon my Marria[ge] & desir'd to know whether Your 
 
 1 Property of the Duke of Devonshire, who married one of Lord 
 Burlington's daughters. 
 
 2 Edward Moore's An Ode to David Garrich on the Talk of the 
 ToTvn, 1749. Rumorsaid that these verses on Garrick's marriage were 
 inspired by him to ward off possible unfavorable comment. 
 
GARRICK AS LORD CHALKSTONE 
 IN HIS FARCE LETHE' 
 
DAVID GARRICK 9 
 
 Lady? was for, or against Me: in his Reply to my an- 
 swer, he hath these Words; (w''.'' I set down most faith- 
 fully) 'I am not at all surpriz'd at Lady B — 's great 
 and generous Behaviour to you; for I have a List in my 
 heart (I am sorry I cannot say it is a long one) of those 
 who, I imagine to have great Souls, and her her [^sic] 
 Lady? (tho I have not y^ honour of knowing her per- 
 sonally,) stands very high in that List.; You see 
 Madam tho I am forbid to open my own Mouth on this 
 Subject, I can speak from those of other People, which 
 will be almost as troublesome; with this difference in- 
 deed, that I can bring proofs positive, of what they hold 
 in Supposition only. Since I must not indulge Myself 
 as I ought, & would do, upon this favourite topick, I 
 hope I may have recourse to another, which is, that of 
 praising Myself, wAo, I myself {as Benedick says) -will 
 hear Witness is praise worthy in this particular; I am so 
 truly sensible of Every honour & Favour conferr'd upon 
 Me, that even My Wife (belov'd as She is) cannot In- 
 gross my Heart & thoughts: when we are alone, (which 
 we think our happiest Moments) Your hi comes as 
 naturally in our Conversation, as our Words: this is y* 
 time we speak the Language of our hearts, & no Won- 
 der that You make the chief part of our Conversation. 
 I own I have some vanity, & when it is so deliciously 
 fed with Gendre & beaujils^ how is it possible to con- 
 fine it in decent bounds? I know who must answer for 
 y^ Consequences I have taken care of y^ Lett- to MT 
 
10 LETTERS OF 
 
 Keith, & I will likewise take care that our Mother at 
 Vienna (for whom I have the greatest tenderness) shall 
 be made happy with regard to her Daughter; did she 
 know my thoughts, she would be very Easy; but as it 
 is very natural for her to have apprehensions, so I shall 
 look upon it as my Duty to quiet 'em, as soon as pos- 
 sible: I love & regar [d] Every Body that belongs to her, 
 & I flatter Myself that they will have Nothing to be 
 sorry for, but the Loss of her, which (I can feel) must 
 be no small Matter of Concern to 'Em. — The Gardi- 
 ner sent us a Pine Apple & Melon Yesterday; the first 
 vv^e made a present of, to our good Neighbour, Mf 
 Metcalf ; we are very happy in his Acquaintan [ce] Mf 
 Blyth' din'd with us some Days ago, & a very civil sen- 
 sible Man he is, & without Priesthood &, Bigottry [;] he 
 seems pleas'd that Martin "^ has left us, he did not like 
 her, & gave us his reasons; he would have been much 
 oblig'd to Lord Burlington for some Franks — 
 
 There is a very odd Story goes about of the Miss 
 Draxes^ (I don't know how to spell y^ name) at Green- 
 wich, & some young Gentlemen; the Family is in great 
 disorder about it; it makes a great Noise in Town, & I 
 am affraid (tho very unaccountable) that it is not merely 
 
 1 The Rev. Mr. Blythe had performed the second marriage service, 
 — Mrs. Garrick was a Catholic, — at the chapel of the Portuguese 
 Embassy. 
 
 2 A maid, formerly Lady Burlington's. 
 
 3 This unusual name recurs in 1771 as "Mrs. Drax" in The Bath 
 Picture^ M. P.Andrews. See W. F. Rae's Sheridan^ i, 141. 
 
DAVID GARRICK n 
 
 Report. Does not your Lad^ perceive what Lengths 
 I run from your Lidulgence to Me? not content with 
 four full Sides of Scribble, I am beginning a fifth ! &. 
 where my Impertinence will end I cannot guess; The 
 Family of ye ^//c-^^ won't try your Patience half so much 
 as I shall; I have had a full Description of 'em from a 
 very good Painter, & most sincerely wish it was in my 
 Power to Ease you of such an intolerable Tax upon yf 
 Goodnature — 
 
 Your Lad? knows by this, that we have receiv'd your 
 two last Letters from Londesburgh; they came to us this 
 Morn^ at Breakfast, I could heartily wish you had seen 
 the Sudden Change of our Faces, & of the whole CEco- 
 nomy of y^ Tea Table — What we think was then to be 
 seen, which surpasses Every thing we can Saj/f till we 
 had read our Letters, &Each had read the Other's, more 
 than once, the Breakfast was at a Stand ! M^ Maud's ' 
 best Green cool'd in y^ Cups, the Two Slices of Bread 
 & Butter, (round the Loaf, and proportionably thick) 
 which are cut & Eaten by Madam Garrick Every 
 Morning, lay neglected & forgot ! M^ George* who had 
 been out shooting & ready to Eat his Fingers, sat with 
 his Mouth open: till finding no probability of our return- 
 ing soon to what he lik'd better, feloniously purloined one 
 of the Lady's Slices, which occasion'd such a Battle, 
 
 1 Well-known tea merchant. Tea was at this time still a fashionable 
 luxury. 
 
 2 George Garrick, David's younger brother. 
 
12 LETTERS OF 
 
 that had not I interpos'd, poor George's head & the 
 China had SufFer'd — however, as we have very little 
 Malice among us, Matters are reconcil'd, & y^ family 
 is at peace. 
 
 You see Madam what danger there is in overcharging 
 us with Joy^ (as Shakespear terms it); we are trans- 
 ported with one Letter, & out of our Wits at two — I 
 cannot think the Miscarriage of that to Me about y^ 
 Verses, is owing to any Neglect at Burlington house, 
 I am affraid It was very aivkivardly put in at Chats- 
 worth; I live in some hopes to see it yet, tho it is a tedi- 
 ous Letter I will very good natur'dly take the trouble of 
 reading it. I beg you would keep y^ Verses, & I Wish 
 I knew y! opinion of 'em; they are much admir'd in 
 Town by the beaux Esprits. the same Gentleman (M^ 
 Moore) has sent M" Garrick his Fables for the female 
 Sex^ very finely bound indeed, & in the first leaf are 
 these four Lines to her! 
 
 To Wf Garrick 
 Fine Binding! and but little in '?/ 
 No matter y "'tis a Friend in print: 
 The Cover '* only for your Fiew^ 
 The Inside cannot tutor You. 
 
 I hope by this time the hurt receiv'd by the Two 
 Accidents is well over; I have some fear for my Lord's 
 Foot, & we all felt for your Lady?!^ Eyelid — let my ad- 
 vice be foUow'd, & It will hinder such Accidents for the 
 
YOUNG MRS. GARRICK 
 
I 
 
om 
 
 ^>^ 
 
DAVID GARRICK 13 
 
 future. — If your Lad? would amuse Yourself with a 
 Pen, instead of a Gun, there would arise no Danger to 
 yourself, & much Benefit to others, and if M"! John 
 Peters will be so kind to help his Memory by cutting of 
 his Hair, or M^ Knowlton will be so good to give his 
 opinion of things himself, My Lord may live Many 
 Years longer, & Numbers be the better for it.' 
 
 I am glad y!" Lad^ approves of our Excuses to Lord 
 & Lady Cobham, we have had other Invitations, & 
 upon our not accepting th[em] we are told. Nothing 
 but Chiswick will go down, & upon My Word they are 
 in the right: we were going the other Night in Imag- 
 ination to Londesburgh, & a Sweet Journey we had, 
 My Lady was very near Desiring to make it real, but 
 such Objections arose, that we were oblig'd to See It, 
 only in the Mind's Eye. your Lady^ mentions in her 
 Lettp] something about M5 Paysant & y^ Gazette, I 
 rec'd no Such Lett' or Order, & Suppose it was Sent 
 in the Unfortunate packet from Chats worth — Now 
 for some News of very little Consequence — My Lord 
 Radnor plagu'd our hearts to dine with him, we at last 
 agreed (for we hate to dine from home) & he had invited 
 the Parson's Wife to meet M*".^ Garrick — but such a 
 Dinner so dress'd & so serv'd up in unscour'd Pewter, 
 we never Saw; the Wine was worse, but made some- 
 
 I Apparently Lord and Lady Burlington had been injured by the 
 unexpected discharge of a gun which John Peters had declared un- 
 loaded, when Mr. Knowlton referred the question to him. 
 
14 LETTERS OF 
 
 what better by the dead flies; in Short, we were soon 
 both sick & unsatisfy'd; & we ratded the one horse 
 chair home as fast as we could, where we recruited our 
 Spirits again, with a clean Cloth, two roasted Pigeons, , 
 and the best currant Pye in y? Kingdom, the county of 
 York excepted.' However My Lord was Extreamly 
 civil, & mighty obliging in his way — There is a Re- ^• 
 port which is believ'd by Many, that Lord Granville is 
 got into the Ministry — your LP will see by y^ Enclos'd 
 Prints, that a Much greater Man* is attack'd upon his 
 amours, — the little Savoyard Girl was .certainly in y*" 
 forest: & it is confidently affirm'd, that she refus'd some 
 Offers; she tells the Story & grinds her Musick for half 
 a Crown in the purlieus of Cov. Garden — The other 
 Print, is a second & more Accurate Description of Miss 
 C — 's dress;^ some say laughingly, that this is pub- 
 lish'd by herself to vindicate her Decency from false 
 Imputations; theGentieman talking to her in y*" Domino, 
 may be known by his Hat — what shall I now Say, for 
 Sending y! Lad? such an incoherent Medley, such an 
 unconnected illwritten Jumble of trifiles; to return your 
 
 1 Excepted because Lady Burlington was staying at Londesburgh 
 in Yorkshire. 
 
 2 George II ? 
 
 3 Miss Elizabeth Chudleigh, afterwards the infamous Duchess of 
 Kingston. Walpole writes of her at this masquerade, in April, 1749, 
 "Miss Chudleigh was Iphigenia, but so naked that you would have 
 taken her for Andromeda." Letters of Horace Walpole,Yonge,i, loS. 
 The King paid her marked attention on this occasion. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 15 
 
 Lad'^ Counters'^ for Sterling is no great Proof of my 
 
 Modesty — I pay w* I have, & am happy they Will be 
 
 receiv'd — I would write My Lett""! better, but a lame 
 
 thumb, & a natural Carelessness hinder Me — however 
 
 I shall be contented if through all this, your Lad. sees, 
 
 what I really am. 
 
 Your most Dutifull 
 
 & Grateful! Servant 
 
 D. Garrick. 
 
 At the time of the marriage it was reported that the 
 settlement was £10,000, the Burlingtons providing six 
 and Garrick four. Fitzgerald^ notes that Mr. Carr, 
 Garrick' s solicitor, "seemed to say that Mrs. Garrick 
 denied ever receiving money from the Burlingtons, add- 
 ing that she had only the interest of £6000, which was 
 paid to her by the Duke of Devonshire. ' ' His son mar- 
 ried a daughter of Lady Burlington, so that the Duke 
 might naturally have been a trustee for the settlement. 
 "It would seem probable, therefore, that the money 
 came from Germany, furnished by the same high inter- 
 est which had sent her to England." The marriage 
 settlement in the Leigh Collection throws needed light ^ 
 
 1 Imitation coin. 
 
 2 Life of Garrick, P. Fitzgerald, i, 241, and second note. 
 
 3 This Indenture Quadrupartite made the twentieth day of June 
 in the twenty third year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the 
 Second King of Great Britain France and Ireland, Defender of the 
 
16 LETTERS OF 
 
 on these conflicting guesses. It shows that though 
 Garrick settled £10,000 on Mrs. Garrick, Lady Bur- 
 
 Faith and so forth and in the Year of Our Lord One thousand seven 
 hundred and forty nine Between David Garrick of the parish of Saint 
 Paul Covent Garden in the County of Middlesex Esquire of the first 
 part Eva Maria Violette of Chiswick in the said County of Middlesex 
 Spinster of the second part Anthony Thomas Abdy of Lincolns Inn in 
 the said County of Middlesex Esquire and Samuel Sharp Citizen and 
 Surgeon of London of the third part and the Right Honourable Doro- 
 thy Countess of Burlington of the fourth part Whereas a Marriage is 
 intended to be shortly had and solemnized between the said David Gar- 
 rick and Eva Maria Violette And Whereas the said Countess of Bur- 
 lington hath to the good liking of the said David Garrick secured to 
 him his Executors Administrators or Assigns the sum of five thousand 
 pounds as for and towards the Marriage portion of the said Eva Maria 
 Violette his intended Wife Now this Indenture witnesseth that in 
 consideration of the said intended Marriage and of the said Marriage 
 portion of the said Eva Maria Violette so secured to him the said David 
 Garrick his Executors Administrators or Assigns by the said Countess 
 and for and towards making a suitable provision for the said Eva Ma- 
 ria Violette in case she shall happen to survive him and for the child 
 or children of the said intended Marriage if any such shall be the said 
 David Garrick Doth hereby for himself his heirs executors and Admin- 
 istrators covenant promise and agree to and with the said Anthony 
 Thomas Abdy and Samuel Sharp their executors and Administrators 
 that in case the said intended marriage shall take effect he the said 
 David Garrick in his lifetime or his executors or Administrators within 
 six Kallendar months next after his decease shall and will well and 
 truly pay or cause to be paid to the said Anthony Thomas Abdy and 
 Samuel Sharp or to such Trustees for the time being as are hereinafter 
 mentioned the sum of Ten thousand pounds of la\vfull money of Great 
 Britain to be by them immediately upon receipt thereof invested in the 
 purchase of such Government or other public Stocks or securities as 
 the said David Garrick his Executors or Administrators shall direct or 
 approve of in the names of them the said Trustees for the time being 
 upon the trusts and to and for the uses intents and purposes herein- 
 after mentioned and declared of and concerning the same And also 
 that he the said David Garrick shall and will during the joint lives of 
 them the said David Garrick and Eva Maria his intended wife well and 
 
PORTIONS OF THE MARRIAGE AGREEMENT 
 
.1^ 
 
 ■6% 
 
 
 
 ., .; /, r, .: - i-^j:. -r t ^ V - i „ t i ._ 
 p! Ow -0 •, C 'r; — r-^ , .i. '- ■■- ^ h o .^ t r. 
 
 
 •5 4-- i ^^1 il 
 
 J e 5 -; ^ J f' C 
 
 if 
 
 2 '■. ,^ _9 f ''y 
 
 am ' " ~ 
 
 
 li- 
 
 
 ,> .;, 'y i c. ; ': i; .. 
 
 3 ■< 
 
 
 r ; ^ H ■: Sl , ' 
 
 "^^f^^ 
 
 ^gr-gs ^ 
 
 
 
 ': 
 
 \ 
 
 
 tl^l 
 
 >,f 
 
 I'l"^.'-' 
 
 
UKMVERSITY 
 
 iH^y 
 
DAVID GARRICK ir 
 
 lington had previously secured to him £5000 as Mrs. 
 Garrick's wedding portion. 
 
 truly pay or cause to be paid unto the said Anthony Thomas Abdy and 
 Samuel Sharp or to such Trustees for the time being as are hereinafter 
 mentioned the yearly sum of Seventy pounds on the Feast Days of the 
 Nativity of Our Lord Christ and of the Nativity of Saint John the Bap- 
 tist in every year by even and equal portions the first of the said pay- 
 ments to begin and be made upon the Feast Day of the Nativity of Our 
 Lord Christ which shall happen next after the solemnization of the 
 said intended marriage such yearly sum of Seventy pounds to be from 
 time to time'.by them the said Trustees for the time being paid applyed 
 and disposed of to the proper hands of the said Eva Maria Violette for 
 her own private sole and seperate use or to such person or persons and 
 to and for such uses intents and purposes as she the said Eva Maria 
 Violette shall from time to time by any writing under her hand with- 
 out her said husband nominate direct or appoint And it is hereby de- 
 clared and agreed by and between all the said parties to these presents 
 that the said sum of ten thousand pounds when paid as aforesaid and 
 the said Government or other publick Stocks or securities as soon as 
 the same shall be purchased therewith shall be and remain vested in 
 them the said Trustees thereof for the time being upon the Trusts and 
 to and for the uses intents and purposes and under and subject to the 
 provisoes conditions and limitations and Agreements hereinafter men- 
 tioned expressed and declared of and concerning the same that is to 
 say Upon trust that they the said Trustees for the time being do and 
 shall well and truly pay or cause to be paid unto the said David Garrick 
 and his Assigns from time to time for and during the term of his na- 
 tural life (in case he shall have paid the said ten thousand pounds to 
 them the said Trustees in his lifetime) all the clear dividends Interest 
 profits and proceed of the said Stocks and securities which shall have 
 been purchased therewith or permit him the said David Garrick or his 
 Assigns to receive the same during his life to and for his and their own 
 use and benefit and from and after his decease in case the said Eva 
 Maria Violette shall happen to survive him Upon trust that they the 
 said Trustees for the time being do and shall well and truly pay or 
 cause to be paid unto the said Eva Maria Violette and her Assigns from 
 time to time for and during the term of her natural life all the divi- 
 dends Interest profits and proceed of the said Stocks and Securities or 
 permit her the said Eva Maria Violette or her Assigns to receive the 
 
18 LETTERS OF 
 
 Not long after the early triumphs, Garrick began to 
 figure among the literary men of the time. In the follow- 
 
 same during her life to and for her and their own use and benefit and 
 from and after the decease of the Survivor of them the said David Gar- 
 rick and Eva Maria Violette in case there shall then be living one or 
 more child or children of the said intended marriage Upon trust that 
 they the said Trustees for the time being shall and do from time to 
 time apply and dispose of all and every the growing Dividends Interest 
 profits and proceed of the said Stocks and Securities for and towards 
 the maintenance and education of such child or children until such 
 child or children being a Son or sons shall respectively attain the age 
 of twenty one years or being a daughter or daughters shall respectively 
 attain the said age or be married which shall first happen and that in 
 such manner and (if more than one child then in such proportions as 
 the said David Garrick by any vn-iting under his hand and Seal attested 
 by two or more credible witnesses or by his last Will and Testament in 
 writing to be by him signed in the presence of the like number of cred- 
 ible witnesses shall direct or appoint and in default of such direction 
 or Appointment then equally amongst them the said children share 
 and share alike And also upon further Trust that they the said Trus- 
 tees for the time being shall and do transferr or dispose of the said 
 Capital Stocks and securities to such child or children being a Son or 
 Sons when he or they shall respectively attain the said Age of twenty 
 one years or being a daughter or daughters when she or they shall re- 
 spectively attain the said age or be married which shall first happen 
 and that in such shares and proportions if more than one such son shall 
 attain his said age or more than one such daughter shall attain her 
 said age or be married as the said David Garrick by such writing or 
 last Will as aforesaid attested as aforesaid shall direct or appoint And 
 in default of such direction or appointment then equally to and amongst 
 them the said children so respectively of age or married as aforesaid 
 share and share alike But in case any such child or children shall so 
 respectively come of age or be married as aforesaid in the lifetime of 
 them the said David Garrick and Eva Maria Violette or of either of 
 them then the share and proportion of such child or children respect- 
 ively of and in the said Capital Stocks or Securities shall be respect- 
 ively transferred to him her or them within three Kallendar Months 
 next after the decease of the Survivor of them the said David Garrick 
 and Eva Marie Violette and In Case there shall happen to be no child 
 
DAVID GARRICK 19 
 
 ing letter to Samuel Richardson, acknowledging the 
 present of the first three volumes of Clarissa Harlowe^ 
 
 of the said intended marriage or there being one or more such child or 
 children each and every of them shall happen to dye before his her or 
 their respective share or shares shall become transferrable to him her 
 or them as aforesaid then upon further Trust that they the said Trus- 
 tees for the time being shall and do immediately after the decease of 
 the said Eva Maria Violette and such failure of issue of the said in- 
 tended Marriage as aforesaid the said Trustees costs and charges in 
 and about the execution of the Trusts aforesaid being first fully paid 
 and satisfyed assign transferr and dispose of the said Capital Stocks 
 and Securities unto the said David Garrick his Executors Adminis- 
 trators or Assigns to and for his and their own use and benefit or as he 
 or they shall in that behalf direct or appoint Provided alw^ays and it 
 is hereby declared and agreed by and between all the said parties to 
 these presents that in case the said sum of ten thousand pounds or any 
 part thereof shall be paid to or vested in them the said Anthony Thomas 
 Abdy and Samuel Sharp or any of the said Trustees for the time being 
 in the lifetime of the said David Garrick and Eva Maria his intended 
 Wife then and in such case it shall and may be lavsrfull to and for such 
 Trustees for the time being from time to time during the said joint 
 lives to pay apply and dispose of the interest and proceed of the said 
 sum of ten thousand pounds or of so much thereof as shall so have been 
 paid to or vested in them the said Trustees respectively in pursuance 
 of these presents or the Dividends profits and proceed of the said stocks 
 or Securities when purchased in the first place in or towards payment 
 or satisfaction of the said yearly sum of seventy pounds so by the said 
 David Garrick hereinbefore covenanted to be paid to them for the pur- 
 poses aforesaid anything hereinbefore contained to the contrary thereof 
 in anywise notwithstanding Provided also and it is hereby further 
 declared and agreed by and between all the said parties to these pre- 
 sents that in case the said Anthony Thomas Abdy and Samuel Sharp 
 or either of them shall die or be desirous to quit and be discharged of 
 and from the trusts aforesaid at any time or times before the same shall 
 be fully executed and performed then and in any such case it shall and 
 may be lawf ull to and for the said David Garrick and Eva Maria his in- 
 tended Wife or the Survivor of them or the Executors or Administra- 
 tors of such Survivor by any Writing or Writings under their his or 
 her respective hands and Seals attested by two or more credible Wit- 
 
20 LETTERS OF 
 
 Garrick's phrase is so ambiguous at the opening of 
 the third paragraph that he seems to be thanking the 
 
 nesses to nominate substitute or appoint any other person or persons 
 to be Trustee or Trustees for the purposes aforesaid in the place and 
 stead of them the said Anthony Thomas Abdy and Samuel Sharp or 
 such of them as shall so die or be desirous to quit and be discharged of 
 and from the said Trusts and so from time to time and as often as there 
 shall be the like occasion to nominate substitute or appoint any other 
 person or persons to be a Trustee or Trustees in manner and for the 
 purposes aforesaid in the place and stead of any such present or suc- 
 ceeding Trustee or Trustees and that if any new Trustee or Trustees 
 shall be nominated or appointed as aforesaid before ' as the said 
 
 sum of Ten thousand pounds shall be payable and paid by the said 
 David Garrick his Heirs Executors or Administrators pursuant to his 
 said Covenant hereinbefore in that behalf contained then and in that 
 case the said sum of ten thousand pounds shall be payable and paid to 
 such persons as shall at the time of such payment be the Trustees 
 thereof in pursuance and by virtue of these presents and In case such 
 new Trustee or Trustees shall be nominated or appointed as aforesaid 
 after such time as the said sum of ten thousand pounds shall have been 
 paid pursuant to the said Covenant and invested in such Stocks and 
 Securities as aforesaid then and so often the said Stocks and securities 
 or so much thereof as shall not have been applyed or disposed of in pur- 
 suance of these presents shall with all convenient speed be assigned 
 and transferred so and in such manner as that the same shall be legally 
 and effectually vested in the surviving or continuing Trustee and in 
 such new Trustee and that every such new Trustee shall and may in all 
 things act in the management and execution of the said Trusts hereby 
 created or declared of and concerning the said sum of ten thousand 
 pounds or such of them as shall then remain to be executed and per- 
 formed as fully and effectually as if he had been originally in and by 
 these Presents expressly named and appointed a Trustee for such pur- 
 pose anything hereinbefore contained to the contrary thereof in any 
 wise notwithstanding And it is hereby further declared and agreed by 
 and between all the said parties to these Presents that all and every 
 person and persons to whom the said Trustees for the time being shall 
 sell and transfer all or any part of the said Stocks and Securities so to 
 be vested in them the said Trustees respectively and the respective 
 
 I MS. illegible. 
 
MLLE. VIOLETTE IN FANCY COvSTUME 
 
DAVID GARRICK 21 
 
 author for some compliment paid him in the third vol- 
 ume of the novel, but as none appears in it, he must 
 mean merely to thank Richardson for the compliment 
 which the present means. 
 
 exors admors and assigns of such respective purchaser and purchasers 
 shall and may upon payment of the purchase money to be contracted 
 for unto the said Trustees for the time being hold and enjoy the said 
 Stocks and Securities or such parts thereof as shall be so sold and 
 transferred to him and them respectively freed and discharged of and 
 from all and every the uses trusts charges provisoes and incumbrances 
 herein or hereby limitted or declared of or concerning the same and 
 the receipt or receipts of them the said Trustees for the time being un- 
 der their respective hands shall from time to time effectually discharge 
 the said purchaser or purchasers from all such sum or sums of money 
 as shall in such receipt or receipts be expressed or contained and no 
 such purchaser or purchasers shall be ansvi^erable or accountable for 
 any loss misapplication or nonapplication of the said purchase money 
 or any part thereof And it is hereby further declared and agreed and 
 the true intent and meaning of these Presents and of all the said parties 
 thereto is that the said Anthony Thomas Abdy and Samuel Sharp and 
 all and every such new Trustee and Trustees as shall be hereafter nom- 
 inated and appointed in pursuance of these Presents and their several 
 Executors Administrators and assigns or any of them shall not be an- 
 svrerable or accomptable for more of the moneys to be received by vir- 
 tue of these Presents than vi^hat each of them respectively shall actually 
 receive nor shall be any wise subject or liable to answer for the acts 
 receipts neglects or defaults of each other in the execution of the said 
 Trusts but each of them only for his own acts receipts and willfuU de- 
 faults nor shall they or any of them be answerable for or chargeable 
 with any unavoidable loss which shall or may happen of or in any of 
 the said trust moneys Stocks or securities And lastly that they the 
 said Anthony Thomas Abdy and Samuel Sharp and all and every such 
 new Trustee and Trustees as shall hereafter be nominated and ap- 
 pointed in pursuance of these Presents and their several Executors 
 Administrators and Assigns and each and every of them shall and may 
 in the first place deduct and retain out of the moneys which shall come 
 to their respective hands on account or by means of all or any of the 
 trusts hereby reposed and vested in them all such sum or sums of 
 
22 LETTERS OF 
 
 The letter is especially interesting for its evidence of 
 one weakness from which no apologist can probably free 
 Garrick, his morbid self-consciousness that kept him 
 throughout his Ufe far too alert for what the world 
 might think or say of his actions. But, after all, that is 
 the price which nearly every actor must pay for his 
 endowment of double consciousness, the one creating, 
 the other ever critically guiding by instinct and by 
 closest observation of ejffects produced on the public. 
 
 money costs charges expenses and damages as they shall respectively 
 pay expend sustain or be put unto for or by reason or means of the 
 said trusts or any of them. In Witness whereof the said parties to 
 these presents have hereunto interchangeably set their hands and 
 seals the day and year first above vsrritten. 
 
 (Signed) David Garrick 
 
 Eva Maria Violette 
 Anty Thos Abdy 
 Sami Sharp 
 Dorothy Burlington 
 
 Sealed and Delivered (being first duly Stampt) in the presence of 
 
 , . ,. John Paterson 
 
 (S'S"^^) SamlStandring 
 
 Memorandum that before the execution of the within Indenture It 
 was agreed by and between the parties thereto that the within named 
 Eva Maria Viollette from and after her marriage with the within named 
 David Garrick and notwithstanding thereof all & singular the Jewells 
 and ornaments of her person which she now hath or which hereafter 
 shall be presented to her shall keep possess and enjoy to and for her 
 own sole and seperate use for ever no wise subject to the debts power 
 or comptroU of her said intended husband nor in case of his death be- 
 fore her to be deemed assetts of his personal Estate 
 
 (Signed) David Garrick 
 Witness 
 
 (Signed) John Paterson 
 " Sam' Standring 
 
DAVID GARRICK 23 
 
 Monday Dec''!' 12*'' 1748 
 Dear Sir. 
 
 Give me leave to return you my thanks for the 
 three Vol^ of Clarissa, & to confess to you how asham'd 
 & sorry I am, that I have not seen you for so long a 
 time. 
 
 I would not have you imagine, I am so sillily ceremo- 
 nious, to insist upon seeing you first in King's Street: I 
 hate such formal doings; nor indeed am I so little Self 
 interested to debar Myself the Pleasure of seeing You 
 because You are too indolent to come to Me — 
 
 The honour you have done Me (& I do most sincerely 
 think it a great one) in y*^ last Volume, has flatter'd me 
 extreamly; and had not a Visit from Me immedeately 
 [on] the Receipt of Your present, appear'd m [ore] the 
 Effect of your favours, than my Friendship I had seen 
 you last Week; but as I ha[ve] now kept from you a 
 decent time, I will wait upon you soon to thank you 
 i[n] Person for your last good Offices to Me 
 
 lam 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Y^ most Obedient 
 humble Serva [nt] 
 D. Garrick 
 
 Early in 1766 Samuel Foote, probably the cleverest 
 mimic of his day, met with an accident which seemed at 
 
24 LETTERS OF 
 
 first likely to incapacitate him as an actor. Visiting at 
 Lord Mexborough's with the Duke of York and a party 
 of men of rank, he foolishly boasted that he could ride 
 as well as most men he had known. Of course he was 
 given a chance to show his skill and on a particularly 
 mettlesome horse of the Duke's. It promptly threw him 
 with such violence as to fracture one of his legs in two 
 places, and amputation became necessary. Later he be- 
 came so expert with his cork leg that it in no way inter- 
 fered with his career. 
 
 Though at the time of the accident Foote was man- 
 ager of the Little Theatre in the Haymarket, formerly 
 he had been a member of the Drury Lane company. 
 There he had learned that his bludgeon wit could make 
 Garrick acutely miserable, and had often delighted to 
 make him writhe. Indeed, it is to him that we owe most of 
 the stories of Garrick' s stinginess. Nevertheless, when 
 Foote met with the accident, Garrick at once wrote in the 
 kindest manner, saying: "Should you be prevented from 
 pursuing any plan for the theatre, I am wholly at your 
 service, and will labour in your vineyard for you, in any 
 capacity, till you are able to do it so much better for your- 
 self. ' ' And he signs himself, ' ' with warmest wishes for 
 your recovery, Your most sincere friend and humble 
 servant.'" Foote's answer to this seems to have brought 
 
 I Private Correspondence, i, 221-22. A lost letter of Garrick should 
 evidently stand between Foote's letter of February 26, printed in 
 Boaden, and his letter printed above. 
 
GARRICK 
 IN THE FIRST YEARS OF HIS SUCCESS 
 
DAVID GARRICK 25 
 
 another kind letter from Garrick, for Foote writes this 
 very friendly reply on March 2, 1 766. Yet Dr. Kenrick, 
 the most diabolical of Garrick's detractors, dared in some 
 verses to make Garrick refer to this very accident thus : 
 ' ' Curse on his horse ! One leg, but one to break. ' ' 
 
 Mch2. 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Before I had the favor of yours I had discoverd 
 the Blunder with regard to My Letter' it is transmitted 
 to you by this Post. Davie's^ Letter was a noble pre- 
 sent indeed, pray can you conceive what he means by 
 the necessity he now supposes me under of growing 
 speedily rich, if one could suspect so grave sententious 
 and respectable a Character of the Vice of Punning 
 I should imagine his insinuation to be that now I have 
 but one leg it wont be so easy for me to run out, but 
 here perhaps like Warburton on Shakespear I have 
 found out a meaning the Author never had.'^ 
 
 I was ever of opinion that you would find the Bath 
 Waters a Specific. Sir Francis Delaval and Lady Deb 
 
 1 Probably sent to another correspondent, for Foote as a postscript 
 to his letter to Garrick of February 26 complained : " I fancy my man 
 has made a horrid blunder, by inclosing to you a letter for Mr. Hol- 
 land." Boaden, i, 222. 
 
 2 Thomas Davies, the publisher and, later, the biographer of Gar- 
 rick. 
 
 3 Bishop Warburton's edition of Shakespeare appeared in 1747. 
 " His emendations were generally marked by audacious and gratuitous 
 quibbling." 
 
26 LETTERS OF 
 
 Stanhope ' are particularly happy that you have Chosen 
 this time, for say they Cannon park is between the two 
 Roads to Bath, Andover, and Newberry, to Bagshot 
 Basing Stoke Overton then four Miles to Cannon Park 
 where you dine and lye then six Miles to Newberry * 
 and so on I wont tell you what my Wishes are upon this 
 Occasion nor indeed anybody here, for ever since I have 
 been ill they have refusd Me every one thing that I 
 have lik'd, I thank you for your Comedy^ Lady Stan- 
 hope has seen it and is Charmd, but I am determind 
 not to look at a line, till I am quite out of Pain. 
 
 You will have this Letter by Cap* Millbank who is 
 calld to Town by an Appointment in Pye's Squadron ** 
 for the West Indies, I think I am something better than 
 when I WTote you my last tho I have not been free from 
 Pain one minute since my Cruel Misfortune, nor slept 
 a Wink without the Assistance of Laudanum, the Peo- 
 ple below expect to see you on Wednesday — you 
 must allow ^°' and indeed allmost decypher my Letters, 
 
 1 Sister of Sir Francis Delaval. 
 
 2 From the map it would seem that Foote gives, confusingly, 
 directions as to the road to Cannon Park, meaning : the two roads to 
 Bath were via Andover and via Newberry ; Garrick was to come by way 
 of Bagshot, Basingstoke, and Overton (the Andover road) ; must turn 
 off at Overton to Cannon Park ; and after his visit should strike up to 
 the other road via Newberry. 
 
 3 T^e Clandestine Marriage^ Colman and Garrick. 
 
 4 Sir Thomas Pye was made vice-admiral of the blue squadron in 
 1762. From 1 766-1 769 he was commander-in-chief of the Leeward 
 Islands. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 27 
 
 but then consider my Dear Sir thirty days upon my 
 
 Back: &c &c &c. I assure ^T it is with great difficulty, 
 
 and many shifts I am obliged to make to be able to 
 
 scribble at all. little Derrick' will give the Etiquet of 
 
 the Bath, and be exceedingly useful. ... I am quite 
 
 exhausted, God Bless you Sir 
 
 Sam'-''- Foote 
 Cannon Park, Mar 2^ 
 
 Between September, 1763, and April, 1765, Garrick 
 was on the Continent, where, especially in Paris, his 
 reception was a triumph. "Actors, dramatists, artists, 
 were all carried away by his vivacity and charm. A 
 record of his friends is a mere list of the celebrities of 
 Paris." What is more remarkable is that later Garrick, 
 even in his very busy life, managed to keep up many 
 of the friendships made at this time, writing in fluent, 
 if not always perfect, French to his friends. Among 
 these friends was Preville, of the Theatre Francais, of 
 whom Garrick wrote from Paris in 1765 with almost 
 unqualified enthusiasm. " He is rather a little man but 
 well made; of a fair complexion, and looks remarkably 
 neat upon the stage. . . . His face is very round, and his 
 features when unanimated by his vis comica, have no 
 marks of drollery. He is, though one of the most spirited 
 comedians I ever saw, bt/ nature of a grave cast of mind; 
 
 I Samuel Derrick, from 1761 to 1768 master of ceremonies at Bath. 
 He filled a like position at Tunbridge Wells. 
 
28 LETTERS OF 
 
 and . . . he is a man of parts independent of the stage, 
 and understands his profession thoroughly. ... It is 
 no small honour to Preville to say that he is always out 
 of his sphere when he is out of nature. However, play 
 what he will, he has such a peculiar pleasantry, that it 
 must be agreeable to the generality of spectators. No 
 comedian ever had a more happy manner in saying 
 little things, but made capital by his comic power and 
 excellence in pantomime — his genius never appears 
 more to advantage, than when the author leaves him to 
 shift for himself; it is then Preville supplies the poet's 
 deficiencies, and will throw a truth and brilliancy into 
 his character, which the author never imagined. In 
 short, he is not what may be called a mere local actor, 
 whose talents can only give pleasure at Paris ; his comic 
 powers are felt equally by Frenchmen and strangers: and 
 as there are particular virtues which constitute a man 
 a citizen of the world, so there are comic talents, such 
 as those of Preville, which make him a comedian of the 
 world.'" The incident referred to by Garrick in the 
 opening paragraph has often been told to illustrate his 
 care for detail: "Returning on horseback with Preville 
 from the Bois de Boulogne, Garrick said: ' Let us both 
 imitate drunkenness.' This was done while passing 
 through the village of Passy. Not a word was spoken, 
 but the village emptied itself, to see two intoxicated 
 
 I Private Correspondence^ Boaden, i, 187-88. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 29 
 
 cavaliers. Young folk derided them, women cried out 
 for fear they would fall from their horses, and old men 
 shrugged their shoulders in pity, or burst into laughter, 
 according to their temperaments. 
 
 '"How have I acquitted myself, O Master?' said 
 Preville, as they issued from the village. ' Well, very 
 well,' said Garrick; 'but you were not drunk in your 
 legs."" 
 
 Londres Janvier 7^-1775 
 
 Ne m'avez vous pas oublie cher Compagnon en 
 ivresse? n'avez vous pas oublie nos expeditions roman- 
 esques sur les boulevars, quand les tailleurs de pierre 
 devenoint plus pierre que leurs ouvrages En admiration 
 de nos folies? — si je suis Encore Assez heureux d' avoir 
 une place dans votre memoire permettez moi de vous 
 recommander le fils de mon Ami particulier, pour avoir 
 le plaisir de voir le grand favori de Theatre dans son 
 propre Caractere. 
 
 Aije assez d'interest avec vous, de vous soliciter pour 
 votre permission et amitie de vous voir tems en tems sur 
 le theatre? — si en retour, vous voulez m'envoyez une 
 demi douzaine de vos amis les portes de teatre royal de 
 Drury Lane, et de ma maison seront aussi ouverts que 
 mes bras de les recevoir — faites mille et mille compli- 
 mens a Madame votre femme de la part de Mad- 
 
 I David Garrick, J. Knight, 213. 
 
30 LETTERS OF 
 
 Garrick et de son Mari — je suis avec le plus grande 
 consideration pour vos talens rares, et vraiment drama- 
 tiques 
 
 votre tres humble 
 Excusez je vous prie Serviteur et ami 
 que jaye envoye mes regards D. Garrick. 
 
 (et services) dans le plus mauvais francais. 
 
 Hannah More once said of Garrick: "I suppose he 
 had more what we may call particular friends than any 
 man in England." One of the perfect friendships to 
 which Garrick could look back as his life closed was 
 that of thirty years with the Rev. John Hoadley. A 
 group of six letters by Garrick to Hoadley in the Leigh 
 Collection show that in 1 746 it was still in the stage of 
 "Dear Sir" at the beginning of the letters. Four of 
 these six letters antedate the first of many letters by Dr. 
 Hoadley printed in Boaden, and all are of interest. 
 John Hoadley and Benjamin were sons of Bishop Hoad- 
 ley, the famous controversialist, who is more than once 
 mentioned in the letters as "The Bishop." Both the 
 sons had a strong liking for the stage. Benjamin's The 
 Suspicious Husband is often ranked with Gibber's Pro- 
 voked Husband^ Colman and Garrick 's Clandestine Mar- 
 riage, Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer, and Sheridan's 
 School for Scandal, as the five significant comedies of the 
 eighteenth century. John's fondness for things theatri- 
 cal lasted with his life, and his letters are always full of 
 
I 
 
 r 
 
 
 t- 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 -/5 
 
/ 
 
 C^cf- c,, ,j//^^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 :J''' ■" d!k 
 
 I-/ I / 
 
 
 
 
DAVID GARRICK 31 
 
 suggestions for new plays or adaptations of old ones. 
 It is said, so great was his fondness for plays, that no 
 visitors could be long in his house without an urgent 
 request to act in something. When Sir Walter Scott 
 applied the name Rigdum Funnidos, a courtier in Henry 
 Carey's farce Crononlwtonihologos^ to Ballantyne the 
 publisher, he described him as ''a quick, active, in- 
 trepid little fellow, full of fun, merriment all over, and 
 humorous mimicry." Garrick had evidently much the 
 same picture in mind in applying the name, in the first 
 of the following letters, to John Hoadley, for his letters 
 to Garrick show that the description fitted him. The 
 delightful combination in him of hard sense and senti- 
 ment is admirably shown by the following from his last 
 letter to the actor, dated February 22, 1776. "I hear 
 the Poet Laureate [Whitehead] has lately offered you 
 a comedy, which you refused. I suppose, duller as he 
 grows older. I hear it had great merit, but you did not 
 care to hazard it ; particularly objecting to a character 
 as unnatural, of a man who marries for love, and after- 
 ward wants to get rid of his wife. I take for granted 
 his management had made it unnatural; for there can- 
 not be a character more in nature or more frequent. It 
 is seldom that men who marry for love have much more 
 in their eye than the person of the lady, which is not 
 foundation strong enough for a very lasting superstruc- 
 ture — or the opposition he meets with commonly from 
 parents, etc. makes him more obstinate and resolved 
 
32 LETTERS OF 
 
 to carry on the siege — or, etc. You will say I write this 
 w^ith no very good grace when I tell you, yesterday 
 (Ash Wednesday poor Ben's^birth-day too) we two poor 
 souls had been married forty years, and agreed we 
 would do the same the next morning. And yet I think 
 I married for love, as I never heard of fortune's being 
 concerned in the matter."' Hoadley died some three 
 weeks later, on the sixteenth of March. 
 
 Year in, year out, he watched with affectionate inter- 
 est Garrick's career, sending him cordial, intimate let- 
 ters constantly. Not even unfavorable comment on his 
 plays, the rock on which many a pleasant relationship 
 for Garrick split, made him waver for an instant in his 
 loyalty. The first of their letters in the Leigh Collection 
 shows Garrick in boyishly exuberant anticipation of 
 a visit to the country home of Hoadley, at Alresford, 
 Hampshire. From the succeeding two letters, dated in 
 1 746 and referring to the visit as just past, the first 
 clearly belongs to 1746. 
 
 Dear Sm, 
 
 I receiv'd y*; Wellcome & Letter with y^ Plea- 
 sure Every thing from you will allways give Me — 
 
 Your Invitation to Old Alresford I most cordially 
 Accept of, & the litde-ingenious Garrick^ with the 
 ingenious litde Hogarth^ will take the opportunity of the 
 
 I Private Correspondence^ Boaden, ii, 139. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 33 
 
 plump Doctor's' being with you, to get upon a Horse- 
 block, mount a pair of Quadrupeds (or One if it carries 
 double) & hie away to the Rev'd Rigdum Funnidos at 
 y^ Aforesaid Old Alresford, there to be as Merry, face- 
 tious Mad & Nonsensical, as Liberty, Property & Old 
 October can make 'Em ! huzza ! I shall settle the whole 
 Affair with y'". Brother tomorrow & shall wait his Mo- 
 tions: I am in raptures at the Party! huzza again 
 Boys ! shan't I come with my Doctor? Yes; he gives 
 me the potions & the Motions ? Shall I loose my Priest? 
 my Sir John ? no, he gives me the proverbs & the No 
 verbs.* My cares are over, & I must laugh with you: 
 your French Cook is safe & sound & shall come with 
 Me; but pray let us have no Kickshaws. Nothing but 
 laugh & plumb pudding for 
 
 Y^ Sincere Friend 
 
 & Merry humble Servant 
 
 D. Garrick. 
 
 from the Barber's Shop^ 
 
 up two pair of stairs this — Day of July 
 
 I am oblig'd to you for y' Wishes 
 
 & prayers, but pray let us 
 
 have some Beef & pudding when we come to see you. 
 
 1 Dr. Benjamin Hoadley. 
 
 2 Garrick is paraphrasing the Host in The Merry Wives, in, i. 
 
 3 The periwig-maker's shop in James Street, Covent Garden, where 
 Garrick lodged. 
 
34 LETTERS OF 
 
 Dear Sir. 
 
 Give me leave (tho late) to return you my 
 Thanks for y'. most Elegant & Friendly Reception of 
 me at Alresford; I could likewise say much to M" 
 Hoadley up on y^ same Occasion, but I am sure she 
 hates Ceremony, & would rather choose I should hold 
 my Tongue than make Speeches; however, this let me 
 say, I never was happier in My Life or so desirous to 
 continue so, but the Time may come again & then — 
 oh ye Gods! Raganjaw' meets with Universal Ap- 
 plause among my Friends ; I have dedicated it to my 
 Friend Windham* (the Prince of Blackguards) Y^ De- 
 dication is Short & you shall see it at our next Meeting 
 — What are you about? I was thinking if George 
 Barnwell was alter'd in some places & the Scene you 
 mention'd introduced I could make some figure in that 
 Character; what think you Sir? could you amuse y'self 
 that way, or spend y"" Time better upon another Plan? 
 I beg you would invoke y'. Tragic Muse, & bring the 
 produce of your Amour in y^ Pocket — don't dare to 
 look me in y^ face without a Couple of Acts at least, & 
 keep it a secret from Every body but Myself: Oh we 
 will brood o'er it at my Lodgings & lay our heads to- 
 gether! I had y^ Pleasure of y^ Doctor's Company to 
 
 1 Apparently not extant. 
 
 2 Sir Charles Wyndham, second Earl of Egremont, a man of inor- 
 dinate pride. Walpole declared him unable to tell the truth. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 35 
 
 supper at My Lodgings the Night before I set out for 
 this Place; we talk'd about Ranger/ but whether he will 
 appear next Winter or Sleep for ever in y^ Scritoire/ is 
 not yet determin'd: tis pity faith — I am drinking the 
 Waters ^^"^^ as an Anti-Scorbutick — the Place is very 
 dull, & I shall return soon to Town : When are we to 
 see you there? leave y' Sermons at Home & think of 
 Me. I am studying Veranes in Theodosius, there is 
 something very moving in y^ Character, but such a 
 Mixture of Madness & Absurdity was never Serv'd 
 up, upon y^ Stage before, except by y^ same incom- 
 prehensible Nat Lee: I have been looking into Phi- 
 laster or Love lies a Bleeding ; there is good stuff; but 
 y^ Intrigue between Megra h Pharamond, upon w*:^ 
 y^ Whole turns, is very indecent & requires great alter- 
 ations — 
 
 But more of these things when I see you in y^ mean 
 [time] with my best Compliments to M*"? Hoadly 
 I am 
 
 Most Sincerely 
 Y^ very humb^ 
 
 Servant 
 Aug^.^ 19. 1746. D. Garrick — 
 
 1 The chief character in Dr. Benjamin Hoadley's T/ie Suspicious 
 Husband, first produced in i747' 
 
 2 MS. nearly illegible. 
 
 3 Cheltenham, as the next letter shows. 
 
S6 LETTERS OF 
 
 Newberry Sept. if. 14^^ 1746. 
 Dear Sm 
 
 I am sorry My inadvertency' caus'd you so 
 much trouble to find out where I was ; but you see I 
 have mended that fault in this & will endeavour for the 
 future to give you the Place where, & Time When — I 
 expect to return to London in a few Days, & then I will 
 send you my opinion of the Story of Edgar ^ &: what 
 Intelligence I can get about Aaron Hill's Performance: ^ 
 I am glad to hear you have dock'd & alter 'd Cymbe- 
 line"^ & beg you will send it up immediately directed for 
 Me, at my Lodgings in James Street Cov! Garden; You 
 will give me great Pleasure & may do me Service by 
 it; so I shall forbear to urge any Stronger Arguments 
 in my favour — what Character have you fix'd for Me 
 iny' Mind? pray let me know when you send it — I 
 
 shall take care to send you y^ Dedication ; 1 am 
 
 come to this Place, (viz. Newberry) from Cheltenham, 
 where I have been drinking the Waters for my Health; 
 you know their Quality I suppose, & by that, may guess 
 that y^ Friend is a Scurvy fellow ! I have certainly re- 
 ceiv'd a great deal of Pain from 'em, w*'.'' y^ Doctors 
 call Benefit, & if a Purgatory, is as necessary for y^ 
 
 1 See the absence of heading in the last letter. 
 
 2 None of the plays on King Edgar fit this date. 
 
 3 Probably Hill's essay on acting, first published in 1746. 
 
 4 Not carried to completion, probably, for Garrick did not produce 
 Cymbeline till 1761, and then not arranged by John Hoadley. 
 
GARRICK AS RANGER 
 
0mw^' 
 
 ' ''c'^P^f:Vfl,y vt;V*? •'I 
 
DAVID GARRICK 37 
 
 purification of y^ Body, as the Soul, I am thoroughly 
 cleansed; for Job had not More Suffering Nor perhaps 
 more patience than I had; in short to Explain this Mat- 
 ter, you must Know the Waters forc'd out several Boils 
 upon Me, & yet for all that, I was never in better Spirits 
 or more nonsensical in my Life, allways excepting a 
 those never to be forgotten or parall[eled] Days that 
 were Spent at O. Alresford in the Reign of RAGAND- 
 JAW in the Month of July Anno Dom 1 746; — It was a 
 Time, take it for all in all &.c. I admire y- Imitation of 
 the Post-mark, & think if you would Apply to the More 
 Exalted Imitation of Shakespear you would equally 
 succeed; what I say, I always mean, & in my Opinion, 
 you have A better Notion of Trage [dy] than any of 
 your Cotemporaries; therefore pray send for some 
 Stexv'd Prunes & write away — I have a Play ' now with 
 Me, sent to me by My Lord Chesterfield & wrote by 
 one Smollett, it is a Scotch Story, but it won't do, & 
 yet recommended by his Lordship & patroniz'd by 
 Ladies of Quality: what can I say or do? must I belye 
 "i?" Judgment or run the risque of being thought imper- 
 tinent, & disobliging y^ great Folks? some advice upon 
 that Head if you please. — 
 
 I am greatly oblig'd to You for lending Me Steel's 
 Account of y^ Roman Catholick Religion;^ the Dedica- 
 
 1 The Regicide. 
 
 2 An Account of the State of the Roman CatJiolic Religion through- 
 out the World. With a large dedication to the present Pope ... by 
 
38 LETTERS OF 
 
 tion to the Pope is indeed a Masterpiece, h I have been 
 so struck with it, that I am now reading Ms Controver- 
 s [ial] Writings : do you think the B — never wrote a 
 Pi [paper torn] has Musick in his Soul; &tho he makes 
 y* best [paper torn] in Xdom, he would have made y^ 
 best anything — [torn] he had pleas'd to turn his hand 
 to ; there are some Chips of y^ Old Block, that are very 
 pretty Sticks of Wood — 
 
 I have been lately allarm'd with some Encroachments 
 of my Belly upon the Line of Grace & Beauty in short 
 I am growing very fat & unless Shakespear in y^ Win- 
 ter reduces Me to my primitive insignificance, I shall 
 produce as good a title for a place at y^ Quarter Sessions 
 as Y^. Worship, or any of y' Well-fed Family — I have 
 lately attended the Lectures of the famous M^^ Drum- 
 mond & had I room I would send you a description of 
 her Manner & Matter, but it won't be worth three- 
 pence, so I shall defer it to a better Opportunity & make 
 this only a Single Letter — I assure you I am much flat- 
 ter'd by M'^ Hoadly's good opinion of Me, & I don't 
 know whether it would not be more prudent to debar 
 Myself y^ Pleasure of seeing her again, least I should 
 loose ground by a second Visit. I am affraid I am not 
 of the Olive-kind to mend upon the Palate, however 
 
 Sir R. Steele [really Bishop Hoadley], 1715. Therefore this refers 
 
 to the Bishop's numerous controversial writings, and "B " is 
 
 Bishop. All this makes clear too the reference in " Chips of ye Old 
 Block." 
 
DAVID GARRICK 39 
 
 such as I am, I shall be ambitious to deserve her liking, 
 Sc will be very carefull to preserve it; My Utmost En- 
 deavours are never wanting, when my Services are the 
 Effects of my Inclination. 
 
 I am most Sincerely thine 
 
 Cassiasse.^ 
 
 — do pray write to me, pray now do — 
 
 What Garrick says in this letter of Lord Chesterfield 
 and of Smollett's play The Regicide illustrates one of the 
 chief embarrassments in his managerial life, — how to 
 deal with powerful patrons who urged on his attention 
 the works of unskilled or incompetent playwrights. 
 Smollett was so angry over the refusal of this play that 
 in Roderick Random (l748) he wrote of Garrick under 
 the annoying name of Marmozet, ' ' a celebrated player, 
 who had lately appeared on the stage with astonish- 
 ing eclat, and bore such sway in the house where he 
 acted, that the managers durst not refuse anything 
 he recommended.'' Smollett devoted some pages to 
 details of the duplicity he felt characterized Garrick 's 
 refusal of his play, and quoted a nobleman as saying 
 ''that Marmozet was the sole occasion of my disap- 
 
 I John Hoadlej, Garrick, and Hogarth had acted together a parody 
 on the scene in Julius Ccesar in which the ghost appears to Brutus, 
 Hoadley evidently playing Brutasse (Brutus), Garrick Cassiasse 
 (Cassius), and Hogarth the spectre. See Biog. Dram. 1812 ed. vol. i, 
 pt. i,p.35i. 
 
40 LETTERS OF 
 
 pointment; that he had acted from first to last with the 
 most perfidious dissimulation, cajoling me with insin- 
 uating civilities, while he underhand employed all his 
 art and influence to prejudice the ignorant manager 
 against my performance; that nothing could equal his 
 hypocrisy but his avarice, which engrossed the facul- 
 ties of his soul so much, that he scrupled not to be 
 guilty of the meanest practices to gratify that sordid 
 appetite. ... ' It is not,' said he, ' for the qualities of 
 his heart, that this little parasite is invited to the tables 
 of dukes and lords, who hire extraordinary cooks for 
 his entertainment. His avarice they see not, his ingrati- 
 tude they feel not, his hypocrisy accommodates itself to 
 their humours, and is of consequence pleasing; but he 
 is chiefly courted for his buffoonery, and will be ad- 
 mitted into the choicest parties of quality for his talent 
 of mimicking Punch and his wife Joan, when a poet of 
 the most exquisite genius is not able to attract the least 
 regard.' '" In this case, however, time brought Gar- 
 rick ample amends on the part of Smollett, who, deeply 
 touched by the manager's generous treatment of him 
 in regard to his Reprisal^ or the Tars of England^ 1757, 
 wrote him frankly of "former animosities — forgotten 
 and self-condemned," and in his History of England, 
 when reviewing the social progress of the first half of 
 the eighteenth century, inserted a handsome compli- 
 ment to Garrick. 
 
 I Roderick RandoJii, ch. Lxiii. 
 
GARRICK AS TANCRED 
 
I 
 I 
 
DAVID GARRICK 41 
 
 Though the next letter is not addressed to any one 
 and bears no date, the references to St. Mary's, — the 
 Southampton homeof Hoadley, — and to the recent re- 
 turn from Paris and small changes in Garrick's com- 
 pany on the return, prove that the letter is to John 
 Hoadley in the autumn of 1752. If it is compared with 
 a letter to him just after Garrick's return from his sec- 
 ond trip to the Continent in 1 765 (see p. 1 16) the assign- 
 ment will be strengthened. 
 
 My Dear & very good Friend 
 
 I thank thee most heartily for thy most kind h 
 friendly Letter — I am return'd with my better half safe 
 & sound from Paris & as true an Englishman as Ever 
 — not but let me tell thee, (thou reverend son of a — 
 more reverend Father,) I am much very much pleas 'd 
 with my Jaunt, & am ready & willing to take y"- Same 
 & for a Month longer, whenever Business will permit 
 & I am call'd upon — . . . But before I rattle away let 
 me seriously thank you, for your good offices in poor 
 Brickenden's affair. You have acted like a good Soul 
 by Him, & like a true Friend by Me & y^ Bishop wisely 
 & justly by us all — I should always be glad to see any 
 thing such a Man writes but don't give y''self any trou- 
 ble upon that account — Brickenden has written to me 
 a Letter of thanks & tells me, he has fall'n upon y^ 
 Greeks ^ Rojjians^ resolv'd to Conquer or die. 
 
 Thou talks 't like I sensible Young Man about 
 
42 LETTERS OF 
 
 Stage Plays &c — I have y^ same opinion of y^ Spanish 
 Curate, that you have; but as we have try'd y^ Comic 
 part of it lately, we must not venture yet to revive y^ 
 Whole— 
 
 I shall look into y^ farce' Myself & see where I think 
 y^ Alteration necessary, I have quite forgot it, & shall 
 be better able to judge of Its weakness, by looking at it 
 now — You must give absolutely another Turn to Sf 
 John Gentry, when you can Spare a Week, from 
 gathering y*" Tythes & Shearing y' Sheep, put on thy 
 Burgeon^ & the black Cap with a litde Tassel & feague 
 it away ^ — could I call at S* Maries I would, there are no 
 two hearts in y^ Kingdom would more willingly knock 
 at thy Door than ours, pray tell this to y^ best of Wo- 
 men &: tack our Sincere respects at y^ End of it — 
 
 Our Forces will be much y^ Same as they were last 
 Year, with a small addition of a recruit or two,"^ who 
 never yet appear' d upon any Stage — food for Powder 
 Hal! 
 
 I shant say any thing of France till I see thee & then 
 — perhaps we may talk of Something else — 
 
 My Woman likes You, & I like yours & so we send 
 
 1 Perhaps Hoadley's Housekeeper^ rejected for Towneley's Higk 
 Life beloiv Stairs. 
 
 2 " Burgeon," MS. poor. 
 
 3 " Feague," beat or whip. Garrick is thinking of Tke Rehearsal, 
 Act II, Sc. 4, 11. 3-6. 
 
 4 Miss Houghton, "an actress whose promise was never fulfilled," 
 was one of these. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 43 
 
 our best wishes to both, & y^ Sooner I hear from you, 
 or see you the better &, so 
 Yours & thine 
 
 (thou facetious honest 
 
 Soul!) Sincerely & Affect^ 
 
 D. Garrick. 
 
 The last letter of the group, though unaddressed, 
 from its contents was evidently meant for John Hoadley, 
 for it chiefly concerns MSS. of Benjamin Hoadley, who 
 had died in August, 1757'. The important part of it is 
 made clearer by a letter of John Hoadley dated by 
 Boaden April 26, im.' 
 
 "My good sister tells me, that when you returned 
 her a former packet, (of the Contrast, &c. of poor 
 Ben's) you accidentally retained another piece of two 
 acts: one act, as I believe, in the Doctor's hand, and 
 the second in mine, foolishly supplied by me. The 
 Country Burial it was, altered by Ben."* . . . You 
 wiU be so kind as to look over your old stores, and if 
 her surmise be true, to return it to her. You may per- 
 haps find things of mine, as the Beggar^s Garland, 
 all in songs, which you took from me at Bath; and the 
 story of the Sea Captain's discourse with the Doctor of 
 Divinity, about giving his black boy Frank Christian 
 burial, in a letter; which you promised to return but 
 
 1 Private Correspondence^ Boaden, ii, 421. 
 
 2 Originally by George Lillo. 
 
44 LETTERS OF 
 
 forgot it again. Madam Charles Street has in many 
 things shown herself so mercenary, that I cannot help 
 thinking she would be glad to pocket a little money by 
 any of the doctor's even little things, after I shall be 
 gone — to Heaven. I have taken good care that nothing 
 of mine shall ever appear, and nothing where I have 
 been concerned ; but she seems to have a mind to claim 
 a property in things of that sort, as the Contrast^ 
 the JFidow of the Mill, the Country Burial, — and I 
 think that must be with some such view. — Mum! 
 Budget! 
 
 "I dare say you will continue to be, as you have 
 truly shown yourself already, an honest guardian of his 
 fame as long as you live." 
 
 This, Garrick's answer, makes clear certain pass- 
 ages in a letter of Hoadley's of September 1, 1771, 
 printed by Boaden.' 
 
 Hampton May 
 
 9^^ 1771 
 My dear Friend. 
 
 As I was deaf. Gouty, flatulent, dull &c &c &c 
 in London, I chose to defer answer? your very kind 
 letter, till I returned to Hampton & rigdum funnidos: 
 I was operated upon this Morning for a Noise in my 
 head, it has had a surprising Effect, for my disorder is 
 gone, & my Spirits are return'd — Ergo, I sit down to 
 
 I Private Correspondence, Boaden, ii, 433. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 45 
 
 gallop over a few pages of Nonsense to Thee, my dear 
 D"-, who art y^ Genius of Mirth & good fellowship — 
 so have at Thee old Boy: 
 
 1 have been really blighted with y^ Spring, & till the 
 Warm Weather came to make me bud a little with y^ 
 trees, I was resolv'd to send no cold-blooded prosing to 
 Thee my Merry Wag of ten thousand ! I am tight in 
 my Limbs, better in my head, & my belly is as big as 
 Ever — I cannot quit Peck £sf Booze. — what's Life 
 without sack and sugar ! my lips were made to be lick'd, 
 & if the Devil appears to me in the Shape of Turbot & 
 Claret, my Crutches are forgot, & I laugh & Eat . . . 
 a D'^ Cadogan has written a pamphlet lately upon y* 
 Gout, it is much admir'd & has certainly It's merit — I 
 was frightened w'.*" it for a Week; but as Sin will out- 
 pull repentance when there are passions h. palates, I 
 have postponed the D*^'^ Regimen till my wife & I are 
 tete a tete, & so make y*" Mortification as compleat, as 
 her father Confessor would prescribe to her in Lent — I 
 rejoice that you wept at y West Indian ' — there is great 
 Merit, & for y^ faults, he shall mend 'Em in his next 
 play, which he certainly will do, if he goes on improv- 
 ing as he did from y^ Brothers (his first play) to his last, 
 the West Indian: I shall tell him of y^ Criticisms & I'm 
 sure he will profit by them: Our Friend Keate^ is very 
 
 1 Written by Richard Cumberland. 
 
 2 George Keate, poet, naturalist, antiquary, artist. He adapted Vol- 
 taire's Semiramis for the English stage, but it was never performed. 
 
46 LETTERS OF 
 
 proud of his Manhood; & Struts before Me as a Game 
 Cock before a Capon — I lower my flag to him, & tho I 
 can not hate him for his fecundity I do envy him a little 
 — hut poor Double'' s dead — how are score of Sheep with 
 ymiV Keate (y^ devil take him) is still harping upon 
 Semiramis — he hints that alterations are made — Your 
 hints , I suppose , of making the Language more poetical 
 ^^^\ — that is, more inflated — & so to mend y^ Matter, the 
 poor Consumptive, feeble Brimstone is to have a com- 
 plication of disorders, & die, &be damn'd with a dropsy 
 — here^s Jine revolution! — now to be serious, & very 
 serious for y^ Cause demands it, & from us, my dear 
 friend, in a more particular manner; I mean the reputa- 
 tion of our dear Brother, & beloved Friend the Doctor 
 — I would not for all our Sakes & for his Memory, 
 that any thing unworthy of him should be expos'd, let 
 who will be y^ gainer ; Madam Charles Street would be 
 MadA damnable of thrift-street if she, without a proper 
 feeling of his Worth, would barter his fame for a few 
 Counters, yor so much trash as may he grasped thus? I 
 cannot bear the thought of it, & I here promise ? vow- 
 to keep the garland, which so justly has surrounded his 
 dear honour 'd head, & in y^ placing of which I assisted 
 w* my little finger, from any blights of Envy, or Ava- 
 Ha — lay thy hand, my Worthy old friend, upon thy 
 honest heart, & swear y^ same — my Eyes are full of 
 
 1 Garrick paraphrases Shallow in Henry IV, Pt. 2, Act iii, Sc. 2. 
 
GARRICK IN 1 75 1 
 
oH^-^r';/ 
 
DAVID GARRICK 47 
 
 Water, while I write to you, but this is not y^ token of 
 Weakness, but resolution — now to y"" Matter — I re- 
 turn 'd Every paper I receiv'd from M" Hoadley to her 
 again; the Country Burial among y^ rest, which if I 
 remember right, she wanted to shew to somebody. I 
 must desire that this Matter be immediatly clear'd that 
 we may have no Mistakes — if She still persists that I 
 have it, I will begin a Search that will end in Nothing, 
 but what I have said before ; indeed (my dear friend) 
 you should stir a little in this business, have not you an 
 undoubted right, to be consulted in these things you so 
 well understand, Sst She so little? 
 
 If the Contrast could be made an Entertainm* for y^ 
 Stage I'll purchase it, & bring it upon y^ Stage w*!" all 
 my heart, or give y^ usual benefits — but let us consult 
 togeather, get y^ Stuff into yo?/r hands, & let his Friends 
 determine. 
 
 I have sent you some of y® things you mention, w*^.*" 
 were here — the Beggar^ s Garland is in London — that 
 shall be with you soon too — I am vex'd about y^ Coun- 
 try Burial, but, I will begin my Search ; in y^ mean time 
 pray write to her & me. 
 
 Your Ever affectionate 
 
 D. Garrick. 
 
 Love from me & mine to you & yrs 
 
 I By the two brothers. First acted at Lincoln's Inn Fields, April 30, 
 1731. Unsuccessful and never printed. By Bishop Hoadley's desire it 
 was suppressed. 
 
48 LETTERS OF 
 
 Some of Garrick's best friends, especially in his later 
 days, were women. Lady Spencer, Mrs. Montague, 
 Mrs. Clive, Miss Cadogan, as letters to follow make 
 clear for the first time, and Hannah More, were in dif- 
 ferent ways tried friends. There are two letters to Miss 
 More in the Leigh Collection. 
 
 On a visit to London, circa 1774, Hannah More 
 writes to a friend: Garrick is "not well enough to play 
 or see company — how mortifying! He has been at 
 Hampton for a week. If he does not get well enough 
 to act soon, I shall break my heart."' Very shortly 
 after this Miss More not only saw Garrick act but met 
 him. He had seen a letter from her to a common friend, 
 describing the effect upon her of his Lear^ which made 
 him eager to meet her. They were promptly brought 
 together. Discovering mutual attractiveness they be- 
 gan a lasting friendship in which Mrs. Garrick joined 
 heartily. Each year Miss More visited the Garricks, 
 meeting through them many of the notabilities of the 
 day, and discussing with Garrick her verse and her 
 plays. Of the last, her correspondence shows that 
 Percy and the Fatal Friendship owed much to sugges- 
 tions of Garrick. Indeed she says herself in regard to 
 Percy: "It is impossible to tell you of all the kindness 
 and friendship of the Garricks; he thinks of nothing, 
 talks of nothing, writes of nothing but Percy. . . . 
 
 I Memoirs of Hannah More, Roberts, ed. 1836, i, 32. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 49 
 
 When Garrick had finished his prologue and epilogue 
 (which are excellent), he desired I would pay him. 
 Dryden, he said, used to have five guineas apiece, but 
 as he was a richer man he would be content if I would 
 treat him with a handsome supper and a bottle of claret. 
 We haggled sadly about the price, I insisting that I 
 could only afford to give him a beefsteak and a pot of 
 porter; and at about twelve we sat down to some toast 
 and honey, with which the temperate bard contented 
 himself.'" Some words in Garrick 's hand on a letter 
 of Miss More's, "Miss More alias the Nine," explain 
 the name heading the next letter. 
 
 My dearest Nine. 
 
 Ingratitude is the Devil my dear — said some 
 Gentleman to his Lady upon receiving no thanks for a 
 basket fuU of dainties — We have receiv'd a Hamper 
 full, & no kind of Acknowledgments to our dear Friend 
 at Bristol — the Pork was Excellent & so was y^ Liquor 
 we drunk your health in — no Matter for that — where 
 is y^ Letter say You, of y^ real Correspondence — ? — I 
 should have written a dozen before this, for I like y^ 
 business, but I have not had a Moment to Myself — 
 before this Week is out, you shall receive some Non- 
 sense, & which I beg you will put into y^ fire, if you 
 find it, as I fear you will, very unfit Company for his 
 female Companion. 
 
 1 Memoirs of Hannah More, i, 76. 
 
50 LETTERS OF 
 
 Madam sends her love, she has been much troubled 
 with a bleeding at the Nose, & a frequent head-Ach, 
 She Eats & Sleeps & grows as fat as bouncing Bess of 
 Brentford — 
 
 We have had great uneasiness at the Death of poor 
 
 M'.^ Thursby, My Eldest Niece is married to Capt" 
 
 Shaw,' my Nephew David will soon be married to Miss 
 
 Hart, & I am to pay the Piper — May all of your family 
 
 that want husbands, get as good ones, as this Country 
 
 affords, & I'll answer. Whoe'er the happy Men are, 
 
 that they will get good Wives, & that is a bold word, 
 
 as times go — Love to all — in great hurry — Ever 
 
 Yours Most Affectionately 
 
 Hannah of all Hannahs 
 
 D. Garrick 
 Ma?/ 9^^ 177S.' -> 
 
 Two letters to Mme. Riccoboni in the Leigh Collec- 
 tion fill important gaps in the correspondence of this 
 Frenchwoman printed in Boaden, and the whole cor- 
 respondence throws light on the interrelations in the 
 eighteenth century of the sentimental comedy of Eng- 
 land and the drame larmoyante of France. Marie Jeanne 
 Laboras de Mezieres, born in 1717, became the wife of 
 
 1 Arabella, eldest niece of Garrick, married Frederick Brydges 
 Schaw. This roughly supplies the date of this marriage, not given in 
 the Garrick genealogy prefixed by Fitzgerald to vol. ii of his David 
 Garrick. 
 
 2 The second letter is printed on p. 103. 
 
GARRICK AND HIS WIFE 
 
DAVID GARRICK si 
 
 Antoine Francois Riccoboni, best known for his His- 
 toire du Theatre. She is described as "beautiful, tall, 
 with a well-made figure, black eyes, at once soft and 
 expressive, and a countenance open and gay: her intel- 
 ligence flashed out constantly in her conversation ; and 
 many graceful repartees by her were passed about." 
 Her romance, Lettres de la Comtesse de Sancerre^ 1766, 
 she dedicated to Garrick. This and her later Lettres de 
 Sophie de Valliere were published in England by Gar- 
 rick's friend Becket. In 1768, as a letter in Boaden 
 shows, she was full of enthusiasm for a scheme of 
 making known to her compatriots the best English 
 plays of the century. She wrote to Garrick, July 27, 
 1768: "It is not a mere whim that makes me wish for 
 the plays of which I sent you a list. I am going to let 
 you into my secret, for there is one. I am becoming 
 weary of writing novels, right in the middle of that 
 which I have half- written ; distaste and boredom make 
 me leave it there. Perhaps I shall take it up again. 
 Meanwhile, to fill my time, I have undertaken, at the 
 prayer of my publisher, a translation of your drama, 
 that is of the new comedies. There have been many 
 translations, but badly done. I shall put care into this 
 work, and far from weakening the original, by slight 
 changes I shall try to maintain the honor of that ras- 
 cally nation that I can't help loving." ' She urged him 
 
 I Private CorresJ>ondence, ii, 541. 
 
52 LETTERS OF 
 
 to have written out for her a list of the comedies, and 
 only the comedies, acted at Drury Lane and Covent 
 Garden during the past twenty years. Evidently ob- 
 taining these specimen plays was no easy matter, for 
 on September seventh she again wrote to Garrick : "In 
 the course of an entire year not to be able to procure 
 from London some twenty comedies ! I might have had 
 them from China. . . . Having nothing with which to 
 make a second volume,' I have stayed the printing of 
 the first ; it will appear in two months at the earliest. 
 Perhaps you will not be as satisfied with it as your pre- 
 disposition in my favor makes you expect. You will 
 find the dialogue greatly altered ; I warn you that I have 
 taken terrible fiberties. The two English authors will 
 cry out at the ineptitude, the ignorance ; they will say 
 that they have not been understood. They will be right 
 in London and wrong here. I have not pretended to 
 correct, but to make their work more likely to please 
 my compatriots." She then adds the words which 
 specially call forth the praise of Garrick in the first of 
 the two letters which follow. "My friend, the taste of 
 all nations accords on certain points : the natural, truth, 
 sentiment, interest equally the Engfishman, the French- 
 man, the Russian, the Turk. But wit, badinage, the 
 quip, the jesting tone, change in name as the climate 
 changes. That which is lively, light, graceful in one 
 
 I She had finished vol. i when she wrote Garrick on July 27. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 53 
 
 language, becomes cold, heavy, insipid or gross in 
 another; precision, accuracy, the sources of the charm, 
 no longer exist. That which would rouse a burst of 
 laughter in France, might cause a howl in London or 
 Vienna. Everywhere humor depends on nothing, and 
 often that nothing is local. Usually those who make a 
 business of translating have very little idea of these deli- 
 cate shadings : consequently I have never seen an endur- 
 able translation." ' Such golden rules of translation are 
 worth repeating and worthy of the praise Garrick gives 
 them. 
 
 Sepf IZ^ 1768. 
 
 I have this moment receiv'd a most charming letter 
 from my dear, amiable Riccoboni — You have really 
 given so true & ingenious Account of national taste 
 with regard to the Drama, that a would make a great 
 figure in y? very best Collection of letters that Ever were 
 written — Your letter, up on my Soul, has charm'd 
 Me; & tho I am in the Mids't of bustle, & business, I 
 cannot stay a single Moment without answering it — 
 You may depend upon my sending immediately every 
 Play, or dramatic piece as they are Acted, & before 
 they are publish'd — but my dear good Friend, why 
 will You talk of keeping an Account? Plays cost me 
 Nothing & were they Ever so dear, You would overpay 
 
 I Private Corresp07ide}tce, ii, 547. 
 
54 LETTERS OF 
 
 Me by the honour and pleasure I shall receive in your 
 Acceptance of such triffles — no, no, my proud gener- 
 ous high-spirited Lady, we will keep no Accounts but 
 in our hearts, and if you don't ballance the debt of Love 
 & friendship you owe Me, I will use you, as such an 
 ungrateful Devil ought to be Us'd — so no more of 
 that — 
 
 I wiU not despair of seeing You some time or another 
 at my sweet little Villa of Hampton; perhaps it will 
 raise your curiosity y^ more, when I tell you, that the 
 King of Denmark came with all his Suite Yesterday to 
 see my house Sc Garden, the Owner, & his Wife; you 
 would think me vain should I tell you what he said, & 
 I hope you will think me sincere, when I tell you that I 
 had rather see You & y^. friend there than all the Kings 
 & Princes of Europe. A propos of my friend the Chev^ 
 de Chastelux:' we have a proverb that says — out of 
 sight, out of mind; I fear it is so with him; I have writ- 
 ten to him several times, being in great Anxiety for his 
 Life, but since his very honourable Accident, he has 
 forgot all" his Admirers on this Side the Water — tell 
 me honestly in Y! next, what he says about Us. I shall 
 make out, as soon as possible, a list of our best Modem 
 Comedies: I will consider them well & give You some 
 
 I In a letter dated Jul J 27, 1768, Mme.Riccoboni wrote : "The Che- 
 valier de Chatelux, since you saw him, was three times wounded in a 
 duel. He is doing well." Private Correspondence, Boaden, 11, 540. 
 For a letter of Chastelux to Garrick, see idetn, ii, 552. 
 
DAVm GARRICK 55 
 
 Notes upon them — You shall ^""a^ the Whole next 
 Week w*^ all Murphy's plays — And so you don't Hke 
 Raiiger?^ You must know that the Author wrote the 
 Character for my own (as he said) when I was Young; 
 so don't take an Aversion to it, for positively if I can 
 catch you in England I will muster up Spirits to Act y^ 
 Character over again to you, in spite a^ his very lively 
 irregularities. I think you, & y^ Companion have made 
 a good Choice of the two Modern Comedies, — The 
 Foundling^ (tho a little romantic) is something in y' 
 Larmoyante way: Your Objection to Faddle is well 
 founded ; & it was so dislik'd at first by y^ Public, that 
 it had very near sunk the Play — Your Scheme of trans- 
 lation is a very right one, & Our Authors ought to thank 
 you for making them palatable to the french taste; Your 
 Ideas upon that subject are !^ very exact & Striking, 
 ^^if^ I would advise you, nay Entreat you, to enlarge 
 what you have said to Me upon that head, & publish 
 it, before your translation, by way of Preface — I am 
 quite tir'd & so are You — My Wife sits by me, as 
 I jealous as the Devil, & asks me if I shall Ever have 
 finish'd; however she pretends to love you still, & sends 
 her warmest wishes with mine to you & y\ Companion 
 — so Heav'n bless you both, & love me, as I love you. 
 
 D: Garrick^ 
 
 1 Principal character in Dr. Hoadley's The Suspicious Husband. 
 
 2 By Edward Moore, first produced in 1753. 
 
 3 This letter replies to a letter of Mme. Riccoboni on September 7, 
 
56 LETTERS OF 
 
 Later Garrick sent the desired list, only to be told 
 that Mme. Riccoboni had all the plays he names, and 
 that only Kelly's False Delicacy and Murphy's The 
 Deuce is in Him will suit French taste. 
 
 The second letter of Garrick to Mme. Riccoboni 
 apparently answers a letter of hers dated October l, 
 1770,' in which she writes him about sounding Arthur 
 Murphy as to translating her Letters of Sophia Fal- 
 liere^ — then in process of composition, — regales him 
 with an anecdote of Rousseau, who was in Paris, and 
 expresses her anxiety in regard to threatening war be- 
 tween England and France. 
 
 Nov". 20 
 
 1770 
 My dear, and very dear Riccoboni — 
 
 I was upon the road from Bath when your most 
 
 agreeable & delightful Epistle came to my house in 
 
 London: this is the reason that you did not hear from 
 
 Me y? next post: why did my amiable friend imagine 
 
 that I should Scold, or be angry? does she feel that She 
 
 merits my Anger? let her feelings be what they will, 
 
 mine are all love, friendship. Sweetness, affection, & 
 
 what not? — M"^.^ Garrick who is sitting by me, (& who 
 
 1768, printed in vol. 11, 546, of the Private Correspondence ; and Mme. 
 Riccoboni's reply, undated, to this letter is on pp. 542-44 of the same 
 volume. Boaden confuses the right order. 
 
 1 Private Corresponde^ice, 11, 571. 
 
 2 Two volumes, translated from the French by Mr. Maceuen, 1772. 
 Printed for T. Becket ; and P. A. de Hondt. 
 
GARRICK AS SIR JOHN BRUTE 
 
OF 
 
DAVID GARRICK st 
 
 loves you as she possibly can love one, whom her Hus- 
 band loves so much) desires that Every Warm Wish, 
 & affectionate thought may be presented to you, which 
 her friendly heart overflows with — now, my dear 
 friend, I will finish this Love part of my letter with our 
 best Compliments to your amiable Companion, & pro- 
 ceed to business — 
 
 Mf Murphy who is really much your friend, & burns 
 to give you proof of his regard, is at present so much 
 Employ 'd in his profession of a Lawyer, & taken up 
 With a great addition of business lately come upon 
 him, that I fear, it will be impossible for him, to do 
 that, which if it had come at y^ time we expected it, 
 would have been the highest pleasure to him — he has 
 written to me, for I could not see him, that he begs to 
 think a day or two upon y^ Matter before he gives it 
 up, but I fear tho his heart is warm in y^ Cause, he can- 
 not have time to Shew his friendship — therefore I 
 must beg of you to send one of y^ printed Copies to Me 
 before you publish them at paris, & Becket & I will 
 procure the best translator for y^ work, had / left if 
 Cursed Stage, I would do y^ business Myself — but in- 
 deed I am so hurried that I have scarce time to keep 
 my Wife in humour, & say my Prayers — 
 
 I have so many friends that you must send to Becket 
 200 of y^ f[irst] Copies, & I'll assist him in y^ sale — 
 the Sooner you send me y*" Copy we are to translate y^ 
 better, pray let it be a printed one — I shall expect 
 
58 LETTERS OF 
 
 another letter with y^ approbation of my Scheme, or I 
 shall be Angry indeed — just going upon y^ Stage in 
 the Character of Sr John Brute' an iU natur'd, peevish 
 Woman-hating Brute — do you think I shall do it 
 Justice — 
 
 I love you Ever & Ever 
 
 D. Garrick 
 I hate y^ Thoughts 
 ofWar, ScIdreadlt- 
 Mme. Riccoboni's answer to this in Boaden opens 
 with a swift sketch of Garrick too accurate not to be 
 repeated. 
 
 ' ' There you are ; I recognize you my very dear and 
 very obliging friend. Prompt as lightning, impetuously 
 carried away by the vivacity of your natural obliging- 
 ness, you have cried to poor Mr. Murphy; Quick, quick, 
 the book is done, read it, translate it, let us print it! he, 
 calm, balanced, thought, reflected, said Yes, then But, and 
 drat it! you write me before he has finished speaking.'" 
 Another of Garrick' s most sparkling correspondents, 
 if not the surest in spelling, was Kitty Clive, Clivy Pivy 
 as Garrick liked to call her. For twenty years she had 
 acted at Drury Lane to the delight of audiences and the 
 alternating delight and despair of her managers, as she 
 
 1 In Vanbrugh's TAe Provoked Wife. 
 
 2 Private Correspondence, ii, 574. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 59 
 
 was minded to be good or minded to be very exasper- 
 ating, and wielded her pen or her even more stinging 
 tongue in defense of what her warm temper at the mo- 
 ment told her were her disregarded rights. After her 
 retirement in 1769 she let Garrick, whom she had often 
 harried with her tongue, see how much she admired him, 
 and their letters are memorials of a hearty friendship 
 resting mutually on admiration for sterling character 
 and finished art. Mrs. Clive's amusing account, in her 
 letter, of the adventure with a highwayman is very 
 characteristic of the decade of 1770-80. So wretched 
 were police arrangements about London that Walpole 
 wrote four years before the date of Mrs. Clive's letter: 
 "Our roads are so infested by highwaymen, that it is 
 dangerous stirring out almost by day. Lady Hertford 
 was attacked on Hounslow Heath at three in the after- 
 noon. Dr. Eliot was shot at three days ago, without 
 having resisted ; and the day before yesterday we were 
 near losing our Prime Minister, Lord North ; the rob- 
 bers shot at the postillion, and wounded the latter. In 
 short, all the freebooters that are not in India have taken 
 to the highway. The Ladies of the Bedchamber dare 
 not go to the Queen at Kew in an evening. The lane 
 between me and the Thames is the only safe road I 
 know at present, for it is up to the middle of the horses 
 in water."* 
 
 I Letters of Horace Walpole^ ii, i6o. 
 
60 LETTERS OF 
 
 Twickenham June if 10 1 778 
 A thousand — and a thousand — and ten thousand 
 thanks to my Dear Mr Garrick for his goodness and 
 attention to his Pivy for the care he took in making her 
 friends happy — Happy that word is not high enough; 
 felicity I think will do much better to express their 
 Joy when they found they were To see the Garrick — 
 whome they had never seen before — And yet I must 
 tell you, your Dear busy head had like to have Ruin'd 
 your good designe for you dateed your note Munday 
 four a Clock and to Morrow you said was to be the play 
 — and pray who do you think set it righte — why your 
 Blunder headed Jemy; ' I did not receive your letter till 
 Wednesday Morning; so they was to set out for the 
 play on thursday ; but Jemy pouring over your Epistle 
 found out the Mistake and away he flew to Mr Shirly's 
 with your Letter and the news paper from the Coffee 
 house, to let the Ladies see the play was that day ; this 
 was between one and two Mrs Shirly ordered the horses 
 to the Coach that Moment, and bid the Misses fly up 
 and dress, for they must go without dinner. Dinner — 
 Dinner — Lord they did not wan' t dinner — and away 
 they went to take up there party which was Gov Tryon 
 Lady & daughter ; every thing happened right they got 
 their places without the least trouble or difliculty, and 
 
 I Mrs. Clive's brother James (Jemmy) Raftor, who lived with her. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 61 
 
 likd every Thing they saw — except the Garrick they 
 
 did [n't] see Much in him — you may revers it if you 
 
 please and assure your self They Likd Nothing else ; 
 
 they think themselves under Such obligations to Me 
 
 for my goodness to them, that We are all Invited to 
 
 dine there to day when I shall give you for My toast. 
 
 have you not heard of the adventures of your poor 
 
 pivy I have been robd and murder' d Coming from 
 
 kingston Jemey and I in a post Shey was Stop't At 
 
 half past Nine Just by Tedington Church ; I only lost a 
 
 little Silver and My Senses, for one of them Came into 
 
 the Carriage with a great horse pistol to Search me for 
 
 my Watch but I had it not with me ; but your Jemey 
 
 Lost his ; he was ten times More frightened then I was 
 
 but he denies it, says it was only for Me ; however after 
 
 we came ^°"® and had frighted Mrs. Mestivier we sat 
 
 down to Supper and I dont know that I ever Laught 
 
 More in My Life. I hope My dear Mrs Garrick is well, 
 
 I will not say any thing about you — for they say you 
 
 are in such spirits that you intend playing till Next 
 
 Sepf 
 
 Adiue My Dear Sir be assur'd 
 
 I am ever 
 
 yrs 
 
 Pivy Clive 
 
 We all joyn in our 
 
 Best wishes to Mrs Garrick.' 
 
 I Printed, in part only, in ihe^ttarterly Review, June, li 
 
62 LETTERS OF 
 
 Garrick, in a letter to John Hoadley, in May, 1771,' 
 speaks of a recent publication on Gout by a Dr. Cado- 
 gan, but not as if he knew the author. William Cadogan 
 (1711-1797), after study at Oxford and Leyden, began 
 practice at Bristol. Later, when he had already won 
 election to the Royal Society, he came to London, 
 where he was very successful. He became a member 
 of the College of Physicians in 1 75 8 . Besides delivering 
 two Harveian lectures, in 1764 and 1792, he printed his 
 graduation thesis, De Nutritione, etc.^ an essay on the 
 nursing and care of children, 1750, and, in 1771, the 
 treatise on Gout already mentioned. The book went 
 through ten editions in two years, something which 
 speaks more for the prevalence of the disease than the 
 contributiveness of the essay, for it has been declared 
 ' ' sound as far as it goes ' ' but ' ' not a work of any 
 depth . " Dr . Cadogan was a man of pleasing manners , 
 strong good sense, and, as references to him in the let- 
 ters show, of humor and a bent for teasing. 
 
 Writing from Garrick's villa at Hampton in 1777 
 Hannah More said: "Dr. Cadogan and his agreeable 
 daughter have spent a day and a night here. The Doc- 
 tor gave me some lectures in anatomy, and assures me 
 that I am now as well acquainted with secretion, con- 
 coction, digestion, and assimilation, as many a wise- 
 looking man in a great wig."^ In Boaden there are 
 
 1 Seep. 45. 
 
 2 Memoirs of Hannah More, Roberts, i, 71. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 63 
 
 two letters by the ' ' agreeable daughter,' ' Frances Cado- 
 gan, one hardly more than a formal request for a box,' 
 the other an interesting letter,* but not clear in its refer- 
 ences without a letter in the Leigh Collection. That con- 
 tains twelve notes and letters to Miss Cadogan and her 
 father, and as a set, they for the first time reveal another 
 charming friendship of Garrick's last days. Slight as 
 some of the notes are, they seem worth printing, so 
 much light do they throw on the intimate companion- 
 ship of Garrick and his wife, on his volatile spirit even 
 after he withdrew from active life, and on this play- 
 fully tender friendship of the two Garricks with the 
 young girl. The actor, William Parsons, in whose 
 behalf the first letter was written, described as " a thin 
 and asthmatical man, but a good comedian," survived 
 to mourn Garrick at the great pageant attending his 
 funeral in Westminster. 
 
 My dear D^ 
 
 Poor Parsons we fear is in a bad way — he has 
 desir'd me to recommend him to any Physical friend of 
 Mine, that will as he terms a see him at an Easy rate — 
 will you be so kind to me, & him, as to see him tomor- 
 row Morn?? & let me know his Situation : 'tis of great 
 Consequence to us — What shall I say to you for my 
 impertinence — ? this I say — when you want any of 
 
 1 Private Correspondence^ il, 150. 
 
 2 Idem^ II, 239. 
 
64 LETTERS OF 
 
 your friends to be merry send them to Me^ & when I 
 
 want any oi My friends to be well, I will send them to 
 
 You. done — pray see Parsons to-Morrow Morning — 
 
 yrs Ever & most affect^, 
 
 D. Garrick 
 Parsons lives at N° 9 
 
 in Queen Street facing the 
 British Museum. 
 I have rec'd some sweet 
 Letters from y"; Daughter 
 
 Perhaps the most noteworthy feature of the second 
 letter, a single sheet written lengthwise on each side, is 
 the gradual development from the formal My dear 
 Madam to the intimacies of the last lines. 
 
 My dear Madam I am sorry but My Box is Engag'd 
 to day, the D' is the Cause that it is, having said to me, 
 that it would not be in either of your Power to come to 
 Drury-Lane before you go out of Town. Will you 
 tell him that I dined out yesterday and was not the bet- 
 ter for it. Adieu [On the other side of the sheet is the 
 following:] As you could go to the Play, why can you 
 not come in your night gown and drink your Coffee & 
 Tea at the Adelphi this evening ? I am quite by Myself, 
 my Hus*^ dines with L*^ Mansfield but will come hom* 
 time Enough to Kiss you. My Coach shall be with you 
 about half after six. I take no Excuse — bring your 
 work. 
 
DR. WILLIAM CADOGAN 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
UNlVt:- 
 
 OF 
 
DAVID GARRICK 65 
 
 The next two letters, of uncertain date, explain 
 themselves. 
 
 My Dearest D^ 
 
 My poor Husb"^ has been taken ill yesterday, 
 and I shall not be happy till you come and tell me that 
 he is in no Danger. As this is the day in which you are 
 to be in Town, I will send our Coach to your house in 
 the country' where he will wait till you can come to 
 Hampton ; and if you can not stay all night you shall 
 be carried home again at what hour you Please God 
 bless You and Yours. 
 
 Ever Yours 
 
 M: Garrick 
 Hampton Tuesday 6 : a clock 
 July the 21 — 
 
 Thursday.^ 
 My dearest Second 
 
 I write to you with my own hand that you may 
 know I am better — 
 
 M"".^ Garrick' s impudence of sending for D^ Cadogan 
 was unknown to me, & Nothing but her great fears to 
 see me in such Agonies could have excus'd her — 
 I have got rid of two or three possessing Devils & 
 
 1 Hurlingham. 
 
 2 As the previous letter is dated Tuesday, July 21, the date of this is 
 probably July 23. 
 
66 LETTERS OF 
 
 the great Devil of 'Em all who has left me I hope Sul- 
 phur Brimstone & Sin but has taken the flesh & Spirit 
 along with him too — I shall be well Enough to see you 
 in a day or two or three & Expect Banquo's Ghost to 
 appear in his pale-brown terrors before you — I would 
 not frighten you if I could, but would always wish [to] 
 give you a little flutter — this is Sentiment & y^ only 
 one, I have in Common with Boulter Roflfey Esq" 
 
 Yours Ever & most 
 
 Affect^ 
 
 D. Garrick 
 This is y^ first 
 
 letter of any length I have written 
 or attempted to write 
 Omnia vincit amor ! 
 
 The batch of invitations which follows shows the 
 intimacy of Miss Cadogan's friendship with both Gar- 
 rick and his wife. 
 
 Sep". 15.' 1777. 
 
 My dear Madam. 
 
 We are y^ unhappiest of human beings — a 
 Marriage & other Matters in our family have Occa- 
 
 I It was at the house of Boulter Roffey that Miss Cadogan met Mrs. 
 Yates the actress and Mrs. Brooke, with whose friendship Garrick 
 taxes her in the letter printed on p. 127. See also Private Correspond- 
 ence^ II, 239. 
 
DAVID GARRICK er 
 
 sion'd the forgetfulness & negligence of my dear Friends 
 at Hurlingham — will you forgive us — ? We have 
 been wandering & disconsolate Ever Since you saw us 
 — We are Oblig'd to run down to Lichfield with all 
 speed — What we have done, & undone, & what 
 strange matters we have Experienc'd, You shall know, 
 when we call upon you at our return to enjoy some calm 
 Society with you at Hampton — We hope to be back in 
 a fortnight, & then I hope, you will hear all, see all, & 
 forgive all — 
 
 M? Garrick sends her Love & what not to you & 
 yours. 
 
 Ever most cordially 
 
 & affectionately Yours 
 
 D: Garrick 
 
 Ocf. 20* 
 Monday 
 My dear Madam 
 
 We are just return'd from North Wales, a most 
 divine Country — to shorten Matters between us will 
 You & Your good Father be With Us next Saturday to 
 dinner & stay as long as you please, if as long as We 
 please you must spend the Xmas with us — pray send 
 a Line by y^ Post or to y^ Adelphi to let us know if we 
 may expect you on Saturday to dinner or if we shall 
 
68 LETTERS OF 
 
 send our Coach to Richmond Bridge for You — It has 
 Nothing to do but wait y"" Commands — 
 
 Y^.^ Most affect'^ 
 
 Ever 
 
 D Garrick' 
 
 Madam sends her best 
 
 Love to Both with mine 
 
 Don't teU y" Df but I have y" 
 
 Gout in My Writing Thumb 
 & Middle finger — Ecce 
 Signum! Scrawl! 
 
 Hampton Aug'^ 18. 
 My dearly beloved 
 
 We shall be most happy to see you & your Anti- 
 Shakespeare Father on Sunday next — tho he has 
 manifold Sins & much Wickedness, they shall be all 
 forgiven on Your Account — We are going to Bright- 
 helmstone for 3 or 4 days next Wednesday & we shall 
 return on Saturday Night, but for fear we should not 
 arrive at Hampton till Sunday Morning — secure your 
 breakfast at Hurlingham, & be with us about 12 — stay 
 with us all Night, & as long after, as it shall please 
 
 I These last three invitations are so imperfectly dated that it is dif- 
 ficult to tell just when they were written. Apparently the last two just 
 precede the letter from Brighton. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 69 
 
 You, for Nobody Else shall govern at Hampton, or 
 
 Me— 
 
 Ever & most AiFect^ Yours 
 
 D Garrick. 
 No date & no place 
 
 to your letter — there goes one fault — 
 
 would I could find another ! 
 
 Tuesday Aug^* 20 
 
 My dear Madam — 
 
 Upon second thoughts, for fear our friends 
 
 should press us to stay another day at Brighthelmstone, 
 
 we wish that you would defer the Pleasure you are to 
 
 give us at Hampton till Sunday sennight, when we shall 
 
 hope for your Company as soon as you can give it us — 
 
 We will take for granted that you will come, if we hear 
 
 Nothing from you — write any thing you have to say 
 
 to the Adelphi about Thursday next — if you could 
 
 come Friday, or Saturday, the sooner the better. We 
 
 live in hopes to' am Yours & my dear Doctor's most 
 
 Affectionate, 
 
 Friends 
 
 The Garricks 
 
 The references in the following letter suggest that it 
 was written in 1777, just before the visit of the Cado- 
 gans to the Garricks in which Hannah More met them 
 for the first time and was lectured by the Doctor/ A let- 
 
 I See crossed out after to. 2 See p. 62. 
 
70 LETTERS OF 
 
 ter of Hannah More exists dated 177'?' mentioning the 
 distich as if recent.' 
 
 Monday Night 
 My most Amiable Friend 
 
 What a Charming Letter have you written to 
 Me? — all the Nonsensical Prescriptions of yf most 
 learned Father could not have a ten thousandth part of 
 the Effect upon my animal Spirits as Your sweet Words 
 have: There's Magic in Every Line — and Miss Han- 
 nah More swears like a Trooper that it is y^ best letter 
 in y^ Language — We shall wait for Sunday with im- 
 patience. 
 
 My Coach if you please shall meet you half way or 
 rather come for You at y^ own hour — so if you love me 
 be free — my horses are young & have Nothing to do 
 — but if y' D' will not suffer his Cattle out of his Sight, 
 they shall dine with us, lie with us, or w* you will with 
 us, provided he will not abuse Shakespeare, & his lov- 
 ing Patient — in short you are to command & we shall 
 obey most punctually — pray send a Line to y^ Adelphi 
 with your pleasure at full 
 
 Ever my dear Miss 
 Cadogan's 
 
 most affectionate 
 
 Friend & Ser"^ 
 
 D. Garrick 
 
 I Memoirs of Hannah More, Roberts, ed. 1836, i, 71. 
 
THE HANDWRITING OF GARRICK AND OF 
 HIS WIFE 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
^ 
 
 
 \. 
 
 X 
 
 
 
DAVID GARRICK n 
 
 You will be glad to know that M'^ Barbauld late Miss 
 Aikin wrote y^ following distich upon Miss More's 
 shewing her my Buckles my Wife gave her, which I 
 play'd in y^ last Night of Acting. 
 
 Thy Buckles, O Garrick, thy Friends may now Use, 
 But no Mortals hereafter shall stand in thy Shoes. 
 
 A. L. Barbauld. 
 
 The references to Lord Palmerston's country seat in 
 the next double letter and the letter following it show 
 that they were written not far apart. The second letter 
 is more than usually marked by inexplicable references. 
 Miss Cadogan's evident anxiety for the mysterious 
 ' ' young man ' ' is pleasantly suggestive of a love-affair, 
 but he may be only a prosaic brother; and just what Dr. 
 Cadogan had been saying in jest to draw out the con- 
 fusing sentence as to desertion is even more cryptic. 
 
 My Dearest of all dears ! We shall set out for Hamp- 
 shire next Sunday which is the 13* now whether we can 
 be back on the 21!!! is not in my Power to say ; but my L^ 
 & Master may. All that I can tell you is, that I shall be 
 very very sorry not to see you on the 21^ I have done, 
 I see your impatience to come at what follows — Ever 
 your 
 
 faithful 
 
 M:G K 
 
r2 LETTERS OF 
 
 My dearest Second. 
 
 It was only this Morning at breakfast that the 
 light of Conviction broke upon Me, as it did upon S- 
 Paul, & I discoverd for the first Moment to whom I 
 was indebted for y^ most charming imitation of Horace 
 — O You Wretched Creature ! & so you would not tell 
 Me or my Wife? — how could you keep such delight- 
 ful flattery a Secret, for it has doubled in value, since I 
 know y^ hand that administer'd it — the Moment we can 
 return from Hampshire I will give you Notice, & will 
 send the Coach for You — I hope we shall be with you 
 soon enough to take you on y"" Way to Farnborough & I 
 hope we shall catch you & keep you at your return — 
 Ever & most aifect^ 
 
 Yrf 
 
 Love to y^ Dr D. Garrick 
 
 I will write to You from 
 Lord Palmer ston ' s — 
 I am better but n [ot] 
 quite the very th [ing] . 
 Sunday 6'^ of Sep'. 
 
 My dear Madam. 
 
 I must answer your most friendly affectionate 
 Letter immediatly, tho you would Willingly excuse Me, 
 & indeed, I am always ready to most of my Correspond- 
 ents to lay hold of any Excuse to be idle — but were 
 I flannel'd & muffled with y^ Gout, tormented with a 
 
DAVID GARRICK 73 
 
 Worse disorder & roaring in my bed, I would say- 
 something to please Myself be the consequence what it 
 would to my dear Second — I return the Young Man's 
 letter, which is very Sensibly Written, but we have 
 had Accounts as late as y* 6^^ of August, which gives a 
 more favourable Account of Matters — I am afraid by 
 what I have learnt here that, while he is in y^ American 
 Service, and Lord Howe, Commander of y^ Whole, He 
 must remain as he is — for Lord Howe wiU not let 
 any preferment take place even by y^ first Lord of the 
 
 Ad y Without his Approbation — his Lordship is 
 
 very jealous of that part of his office, & I hear, made it 
 one of his Chief Conditions When he Accepted of the 
 Command — however I will seek farther before I give 
 up Anything, on which You & my dear D' have set 
 Your hearts — pray let Your Worthy Father know that 
 I feel in my heart of Hearty all the kind Expressions of 
 his Love & AiFection to Me. but My health would 
 be of very little Service to me, if I was to purchase it at 
 y^ Price of his being shot for a deserter; unless ''"!^^*^ 
 before the Cap was puU'd over his Eyes, He would re- 
 pent of the manifold Sins he has Committed against the 
 God of my Idolatry — Shakes-spear! — Him him! He 
 is the Him! — there is no other. 
 
 My Love I beseech you to all where You are pray 
 tell 'Em We will call on our return to take a kiss & 
 away — As there will be no Turkey-pouts & ducklings 
 and the Weather too hot for pig, I shall make y^ best of 
 
74 LETTERS OF 
 
 my way home — & tell 'Em likewise I have answer'd 
 the precious Cicester Gazette for which I thank them 
 most sincerely — Lady Bathurst will let Em know what 
 a poor figure I make against such an army of Wits, 
 Virtues, Youth, & Beauties, — We expect to leave this 
 place in about 8 or 10 days — 
 
 My Wife sends her warmest Love — We are very 
 happy here — a good host a Sweet place & warm Well- 
 come — 
 
 Most Affectionately 
 & trly yrs 
 
 D: Gakrick. 
 Broadlands near 
 
 Romsey — Lord 
 
 Palmerston's seat 
 
 Sep* 21^* 1778. 
 
 PS.— 
 
 Pray when you write to Miss Griffith ' let her know, 
 if I could have answer'd her flattering Lines as they 
 deserv'd she should have heard from Me, but I can- 
 not yet Write as I ought so she Must Accept my best 
 thanks till I can have strength to mount my Pegasus — 
 
 The effect of letters picked up as occasion served 
 must necessarily be somewhat scrappy, but do not 
 these from the Leigh Collection make clearer, not the 
 
 I Mrs. Elizabeth Griffith, dramatist. 
 
-y^MiBi®aiijfi.''''. 
 
 GARRICK CIRCA 1760 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 Br 
 
 I 
 
 ■ 
 I 
 
OF 
 
 £AUfO^ 
 
DAVID GARRICK 75 
 
 variety in friends of Garrick, for that was clear enough 
 ah-eady, but his variety in friendship, his readiness to 
 serve, his thousand little gaieties, in brief his charm? 
 Reading them, does not one understand better Hannah 
 More's, "I can never cease to remember with affection 
 and gratitude so warm, steady and disinterested a 
 friend ; and I can most truly bear this testimony to his 
 memory, that I never witnessed, in any family, more 
 decorum, propriety, and regularity than in his: — of 
 which Mrs. Garrick, by her elegance of taste, her cor- 
 rectness of manners, and very original turn of humour, 
 was the brightest ornament. All his pursuits and tastes 
 were so decidedly intellectual, that it made the society, 
 and the conversation which was always to be found in 
 his circle, interesting and delightful." ' Yet, after all, 
 what more convincing testimony to the worth and lov- 
 ableness of this man of many friends than his wife's sad 
 reply to Miss More's expression of surprise at her self- 
 command just after Garrick's death: "Groans and 
 complaints are very well for those who are to mourn 
 but a little while, but a sorrow that is to last for life will 
 not be violent and romantic.'"* And hers did last for 
 more than forty years, for always "Davy" was in her 
 thoughts. 
 
 1 Memoirs of Hannah More, Roberts, ed. 1836, i, 92. 
 3 Idem, I, 96. 
 
THE HARASSMENTS OF A MANAGER 
 
n 
 
 The Harassments of a Manager 
 
 WHEN one reads the letters of the Leigh Collec- 
 tion it ceases to be surprising either that Garrick 
 constantly feared misrepresentation, or that, in his effort 
 to steer safely amidst so many conflicting human inter- 
 ests and so many hampering traditions, he should at 
 times have seemed temporizing or vacillating. Two 
 letters of the collection, both to Lord Holderness, show 
 the maze of conflicting interests — the jealousy of re- 
 jected authors, desire to please noble patrons, and actual 
 fear of Court disfavor — through which Garrick had to 
 thread his way. Robert D' Arcy, fourth Earl of Holder- 
 ness (1718-1778), was naturally predisposed to serve 
 Garrick, for in his earlier days he was passionately fond 
 of directing operas and masquerades. Indeed in 1743 
 he and Lord Middlesex had been sole managers of the 
 London opera. Hence the fitness of the lampoon that 
 greeted his selection, in 1751, as a Secretary of State. 
 
 " That secrecy will now prevail 
 In politics, is certain ; 
 Since Holderness, who gets the seals, 
 Was bred behind the curtain." 
 
 On his death it was said of him that he had been "not 
 quite so considerable a personage as he once expected 
 
78 LETTERS OF 
 
 to be, though Nature never intended him for anything 
 that he was."' 
 
 My Lord. 
 
 I have taken the Liberty to send Your Lordship 
 a Copy of ye Guardian^ hehre publication; could I pos- 
 sibly shew my Respect & Gratitude in things of more 
 importance I certainly would, but I deal in Triffles, & 
 have Nothing Else in my Power. Prince Edward askM 
 me last Night, who was the Author of y* Farce ; I was 
 in great Confusion at y^ Question, because I happen'd 
 to be the Guilty person Myself, But I have so many 
 Enemies among the Writers on Account of my refus- 
 ing so many of their Performances Every Year, that I 
 am oblig'd to conceal Myself in order to avoid the Tor- 
 rent of abuse that their Malice would pour upon Me — 
 I thought it proper (and I hope Your Lordship will 
 Excuse Me) to discover this ; lest his Royal Highness 
 should be angry at my not answering his Question 
 directly, as I ought to have done — as Your Lordship 
 well understands my disagreeable Situation, may I hope 
 to have so good an Advocate as Lord [erasure and 
 blank] ? It is of Great Consequence to me to Conceal 
 the Author of y* Guardian, but it is of y*" Utmost to Me 
 
 I Letters ofHorace\ Walpole^ ed. C. D. Yonge, ii, 192. 
 2 A comedy in two acts translated and altered by Garrick from the 
 Pupille of C. B. Fagan. The adaptation was first produced February 
 3. 1759. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 79 
 
 not to be found Wanting in y^ least Article of my Duty 
 
 to his Royal Highness. 
 
 I am 
 
 My Lord 
 
 Your Lordship's 
 
 most Oblig'd, & most 
 
 Obedient, humble Serv* 
 
 D: Garrick 
 Sunday 
 
 The second letter to Lord Holderness and the two 
 which follow it show the somewhat ticklish relations of 
 a manager of one of the two patent theatres to the 
 Court. Though neither company, in the middle of 
 the eighteenth century, was still called "His Majesty's 
 Servants," Garrick's words prove that he felt his own 
 comings and goings were under surveillance, and 
 thought it was wise to ask for a consent, at least form- 
 ally necessary, before leaving the stage during the 
 season. 
 
 March ll"^ 
 1759 
 My Lord. 
 
 I have been so much indulg'd by your Good- 
 ness, that I shall venture to open my Griefs to Your 
 Lordship — It is my greatest Ambition that the Com- 
 
80 LETTERS OF 
 
 pany of Drury-Lane should not appear unworthy of his 
 Royal Highness's Commands — but indeed I am affraid, 
 from a late Rehearsal, that the Comedy oi Every Man 
 in his humor will disgrace Us, If I have not a little 
 more time for instruction — the Language & Charac- 
 ters of Ben Jonson (and particularly of the Comedy in 
 question) are much more difficult than those of any 
 other Writer, & I was three years before I durst ven- 
 ture to trust the Comedians with their Characters, when 
 it was first reviv'd — however, my Lord, the Play will 
 be ready in y^ best Manner We are able to produce it, 
 should his Royal Highness honour us w*!" his Com- 
 mands, but indeed I tremble for the little Reputation we 
 may have acquir'd in other performances — I am affraid 
 of being thought too bold, & Yet I could wish, that Your 
 Lordship would favor us with Your Good Offices, &. if 
 the Rehearsal might be permitted to make It's appear- 
 ance first, I should hope, by having a little more time, 
 to make the other Play less unworthy of his Royal 
 Highness's presence. I hope Your Lordship will attrib- 
 ute this Liberty I have taken to the Zeal of appearing 
 in y^ best Light I possibly can, as a Manager of a 
 
 Theatre. 
 
 lam 
 
 My Lord 
 
 yf Lordship's most dutiful! 
 
 & most Obed^ hum' Ser* 
 
 D: Garrick. 
 
HENRI LOUIS Le KAIN 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 A /.A 
 
\\K\ 
 
DAVID GARRICK 81 
 
 Evidently one of the many new friends made by 
 Garrick during his vacation on the Continent which 
 ended in April, 1765, was LeKain of the Theatre Fran- 
 gais. In July, 1765, the great French actor — who "is 
 very ugly and ill made, and yet has an heroic dignity 
 which Garrick wants, and great fire'" — wrote Gar- 
 rick that he hoped to visit London in or near the fol- 
 lowing Lenten season. In warmly friendly fashion he 
 added : " I shall find it very pleasant to join my applause 
 to that which you receive daily from a people of whom 
 you have sometimes had cause to complain, but who 
 have made your talents immortal and have established 
 your fortune: with such mitigations one may pardon 
 many things. You are in the good graces of your 
 clergy, and our archbishop has sent us all to the Devil; 
 you are your own master, and we are slaves ; you enjoy 
 a glory that is real, and ours is always in dispute ; you 
 have a brilliant fortune, and we are poor; there are ter- 
 rible contrasts for you ! " * As the following letter, and 
 one printed by Boaden,^ show, LeKain arrived at a most 
 inopportune time for Garrick and the expected meeting 
 did not take place. 
 
 Bath, Mars 27^. 1766. 
 Je ne scai pas, mon tres cher leKain, si Je suis plus 
 etonne ou afflige de recevoir votre lettre : vous m'avez 
 
 1 Letters of Horace Walpole, ed. C. D. Yonge, ii, 26. 
 
 2 Private Correspondence of D. Garrick, Boaden, 11, 443. 
 
 3 Idem, II, 473. 
 
82 LETTERS OF 
 
 mis dans le plus grand Embarras. Ma femme qui par- 
 tage mon Embarras, et vous envoye mille amitiez a 
 ete malade depuis quelques jours et garde la maison; 
 J'ai commence les eaux avec succes et nous sommes 
 Entoures de la Neige ; toutes ces considerations m'ont 
 Empeche d'etre deja en route pour vous joindre: cepend- 
 ant si vous pouvez reste a londres Encore huit ou dix 
 jours, Je partirai sur votre reponse que, Je vous prie, de 
 me donner le meme jour que vous receverez la presente. 
 vous pouvez conter ' de me voir avant le fin de la Se- 
 maine : mais quel Malheur pour moi que Je ne puisse 
 pas suivre mon inclination en jouant expres pour vous 
 — et en voici la raison — c'est que J'ai demande per- 
 mission au roi de m'absenter pour six semaines — dail- 
 leurs tous les jours sont engages pour les benefices des 
 Acteurs exceptes les jeudis qu'on donne la nouvelle 
 Comedie ^ dans laquelle je ne joue pas. Mais mon cher 
 LeKain, pourquoy n'avez vous pas fait attention a la 
 lettre que Je vous ai ecrit d abord en reponse a la votre 
 — Monsieur Bontems chez MonsUeComte de Guerchy, 
 s'estoit charge de vous faire parvenir ma Lettre, et il 
 me rendra temoignage que Je vous ai prie de remettre 
 votre voyage jusque a I'annee prochaine, lorsque J'au- 
 rois ete tout a vous — parlez, je vous prie, de cette 
 
 1 Garrick seems first to have written conte and then to have added 
 the r without removing the accent. 
 
 2 Probably Charles Shadwell's Irish Hospitality^ produced March 
 15. Genest, iv, 93. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 83 
 
 affaire a Mons' Bontems, car ce contre-temps me met 
 audesespoir. En attendant j'ai prie un Ami '^^ passer 
 chez vous pour scavoir s'il peut vous etre utile a quel- 
 ques choses — peutetre serez vous dans le cas de faire 
 quelques emplettes dans ce pais, Si cela vous arrive, je 
 vous prie de disposer de ma bourse et de me regarder 
 toujours, Comme Je le suis reellement, votre tres hum- 
 ble et tres afFectione Ami 
 
 D: Garrick 
 N'oubliez pas, je vous prie, 
 
 de me faire reponse sur le champ — 
 
 Vous ne scauriez croire dans quel I'Etat d'inquietude 
 
 mon' malheureux eloignement de Londres m'a jette en 
 
 me privant du plaisir de vous Embrasser sur le 
 
 champs/ 
 
 A brief but pleasant reply of LeKain printed in Boa- 
 den shows that the French actor took the situation in 
 good part, but had to leave at once for the reopening of 
 the Parisian theatrical season.^ 
 
 The next letter, to William Woodfall, seems to show 
 that even after retiring from the stage Garrick felt some 
 responsibility to the Court for his movements. Wood- 
 fall, son of the founder of the Public Advertiser, was 
 
 1 In MS. broken here and at me. 
 
 2 The address of this letter — "At Mnie Violette's over against 
 Burlington House, Piccadilly, London," is startling. Mrs. Garrick's 
 mother .'' 
 
 3 Private Correspondence^ ii, 473. 
 
84 • LETTERS OF 
 
 actor, newspaper man, and dramatist, though his chief 
 significance lay in the second activity. Richard Savage 
 had intended to rewrite his Sir Thomas Overbiny^ 
 produced unsuccessfully in 1 724, but died before com- 
 pleting the work. The MS. came into the hands of 
 Woodfall, who, changing both the arrangement of the 
 scenes and the conduct of the plot, successfully pro- 
 duced it, as Garrick's letter shows, at Co vent Garden 
 in February, 1 777. Garrick's reference to ' ' your bene- 
 fit" is interesting, for controversy had arisen as to the 
 rewardof Woodfall for his work. The manager, Harris, 
 and the author agreed to refer the whole matter to Gar- 
 rick and Colman the elder. They decided that Wood- 
 fall should have the receipts of two nights, less the usual 
 charges deducted for a night. This the manager of 
 Co vent Garden said should be £l00; though he ad- 
 mitted that heretofore the sum had been £70. His rea- 
 son was recent improvements in the theatre. Woodfall 
 felt that his case would be made a precedent for future 
 authors and stood his ground for the old amount. The 
 matter was adjusted by the offer of a liberal round sum 
 in place of the probable profits of the two nights. 
 
 Sunday Fel/. 2 [l777.]' 
 Thank you. Dear Woodfall, a thousand times for your 
 kind attention to me — had you known my anxiety for 
 
 I Date given on back of letter. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 85 
 
 you & — yours, you would not think this very friendly 
 Care of me thrown away — I was not merely content to 
 have Your Account, I insisted upon Becket's' going & 
 sending me his thoughts — which I inclose you — I am 
 glad I did not quite destroy it in lighting my Candle, 
 he seems to speak more confident of p'^°'^'&'°"^ Success 
 than Even yourself — If the play had not met with the 
 publick approbation, I would never have given my 
 opinion again — if a little Critique in my Way,"^ will be 
 of any Service, I will give it you when — ^Ever you 
 please — as to the M — he must be Dormente^ a little, 
 for their Majesties^ have Employ 'd me Every Minute 
 — I have written within these last two days 3 scenes & 
 2 fables — if you behave well & don't abuse Managers 
 perhaps you may have a Slice before they are tasted by 
 Royalty — when y^- Benefit Matters are to be setded — 
 You cannot, if you have any doubts, have a better 
 Chamber Councillor than the late Manager, who will 
 be always ready to give you yA best advice he can — so 
 much for that Overbury forEver ! — I grieve about 
 Hull^ — & somewhat surpris'd about Hartley — all a 
 Lottery! now to my own business — my old friend 
 
 1 The publisher, who was a trusted friend of Garrick. 
 
 2 Garrick's fondness for writing these dramatic criticisms was re- 
 peatedly ridiculed by his enemies. 3 When — closes a line in the letter. 
 
 4 Difficult to decipher : perhaps dormant. " M — " is probably Mur- 
 phy, whose Know Your Own Mind was produced at Covent Garden 
 February 22. 5 The two patent theatres. 
 
 6 Hull ^Xayedi the Earl of Nortkampton in Sir Thomas Overbury, 
 and Mrs. Hartley played Isabella. 
 
86 LETTERS OF 
 
 Sampson' has said in his Publick Ad' Yesterday that I 
 
 was in London to visit Mrs. B as I am here upon 
 
 the 's Business, & got leave to recover myself in 
 
 y^ Country — they may take it ill at S* James's — could 
 you desire him to say in an unparading paragraph from 
 
 himself — that he was Mistaken about Mr. G that 
 
 he was in the Country &? had been for some time in order 
 to recover the great weakness which was caused by his late 
 iUness. — You or He will put it better & Modester for 
 Me than that, which I have written upon y^ gallop: 
 pray let it be inserted in y^ same paper tomorrow — 
 HE always sees y^ Publick Ad*^ 
 
 You must really take care that our Friend is not 
 suspected of the M— Thompson^ if he can will be rude 
 
 with C ^ or me — his rudeness I would ''''"a ^° 
 
 have — but letting the Cat (M. Joncan'^) out of y*" bag 
 — w^ be y^ Devil : I promis'd that I would speak to 
 you for him that he may still be conceal'd — I laugh 
 at him — but he is too foolish upon y^ Occasion — 
 
 Yours Ever most Sincerely 
 Always in a hurry — under the Signature I now 
 
 rejoice in 
 
 T. OvERBURY.^ 
 
 1 MS. difficult to read, as is Mrs. in the next line, which may be 7l/«5. 
 
 2 For a letter to Captain Thompson and some account of him, see 
 pp. 97-101. 3 Colman, probably. 4 MS. difficult. 
 
 5 Possibly Garrick, in using the name, was recalling that Overbury 
 thought " the playhouse more necessary in a well-governed common- 
 wealth than the school." 
 
DAVID GARRICK 87 
 
 Pray don't forget y^ Contradictory 
 paragraph in y^ Publick Ad — 
 for tomorrow if possible. 
 I shall be at the Adelphi ' to Morrow Evening. 
 
 Drilling the Drury Lane company in difficult plays, 
 a responsibility which we have already seen weighed at 
 times on Garrick, was by no means the worst of the 
 worries the actors, or rather the actresses, brought him. 
 Vanity, ambition, petty jealousy led them, one and all, 
 Kitty Clive, Mrs. Gibber, Mrs. Abingdon, Mrs. Yates, 
 and Miss Pope, to write him irritating letters such as 
 one of Mrs. Abingdon's which he grimly labeled "An- 
 other fal-lal of Mrs. Abingdon. ' ' In the spring of 1 759 
 when Garrick was preparing to produce Arthur Mur- 
 phy's Orphan ofChina^ with Mrs. Gibber as Mandane^ 
 Murphy, always suspicious, got an idea that some 
 pretended illness of Mrs. Gibber would be used by the 
 manager as an excuse for postponing the play. Mur- 
 phy therefore arranged to have Mrs. Yates, then play- 
 ing at a small salary, understudy the part. Mrs. Gibber 
 fell ill, or said she was ill; Murphy, much to Garrick's 
 surprise, produced Mrs. Yates ready with the lines; 
 and the play ran for nine nights, lifting Mrs. Yates 
 into fame. The reference to all this in the opening of 
 the following letter to Dr. John Hawkes worth does not 
 
 I Garrick's London house. 
 
88 LETTERS OF 
 
 sound as if the refusal of Mrs. Gibber to act was with 
 the connivance of Garrick. One of Samuel Foote's 
 famous mots is connected with this illness of Mrs. 
 Gibber. He and Murphy were dining together when 
 Mrs. Gibber's note was brought. It ended with the 
 statement that she was "praying most earnestly for the 
 success of the piece." "What is Mrs. Gibber's re- 
 ligion ? ' ' said Foote. ' ' A Roman Gatholic, I believe, ' ' 
 answered Murphy. "I thought so," said Foote, " by 
 her praying so earnestly for the dead." 
 
 John Hawkesworth rose, largely by favor, from 
 somewhat pinched conditions and hack work to a brief 
 period of affluence and notoriety. In December, 1759, 
 Garrick produced his alteration of Sou theme's Oroo- 
 noko, and from time to time the actor threw consider- 
 able hack \\ork in his way. When the official history 
 of Gaptain Gook's expedition to the South Seas was to 
 be written, Garrick by intercession with Lord Sand- 
 wich got the job for Hawkesworth. For his work, so 
 great was public interest in the voyage, publishers paid 
 Hawkesworth £6000. The results of the appointment 
 were, however, disastrous. In the first place, Garrick was 
 angered, apparently at what he considered the breach 
 by Hawkesworth of some agreement to publish through 
 Garrick' s friend Becket, and the friendship of the actor 
 decidedly cooled. More important by far, when the 
 book appeared, it raised charges of heterodoxy, and 
 even of too great freedom in reporting certain Indian 
 
GARRICK AS RICHARD III 
 WITH NORFOLK 
 
^^^^^^^^^^m^^ivisi 
 
 i^l 
 
 
 "*"■ / 
 
 ^^di^ 
 
 ^U 
 
 
 & 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^I^^^^^^^^^^Bkfl^ jSilnk 'i -9 
 
 
 
 1 ,.3 
 
UNlVt.. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 89 
 
 customs. There was a paper war, and the attacks 
 so preyed on his mind that they were said to have 
 hastened his death, by fever, November 16, 1773. 
 
 Thursday 1 9*^ [l 759 .] ' 
 
 My dear Sm. 
 
 Notwithstanding my late Troubles & Disap- 
 pointments (for among others, you must know that 
 Mrs. Cibber has sent us word that she can't perform in 
 the New Play, so that the holy Week was very ill Em- 
 ploy 'd by Me — We have got another ^^a°° ready in 
 y^ Part &: shall certainly act it on Saturday — In short, 
 my dear Sir, I have had Nothing but care & Anxiety 
 since you left us, & some revolutions & unexpected 
 Matters have arisen which you shall know when I see 
 you, that will absolutely hinder us from performing the 
 Masque^ next Year, if it was all ready & to our Wishes 
 — however we will loose No time & I will see you next 
 Sunday by ten o' Clock if agreeable to you — Mrf Gar- 
 rick & M^ Berenger^ will likewise partake of yf Beef & 
 Pudding & will be with Mrf Hawkesworth & you be- 
 fore two — they will come after Me — so let not Mr^ 
 
 1 The date is determined bj the fact that Oroonoko — to be given 
 " next Season " — was produced December i, 1759. 
 
 2 Probably Hawkesworth's fairy play, Edgar and Emmeline^ pro- 
 duced January 31, 1 76 1. 
 
 3 For many years Gentleman of the Horse and Equerry to His 
 Majesty. He contributed to Edward Moore's publication, The World. 
 For Garrick's kindness to him, see Fitzgerald, Life, ii, 418-19. 
 
90 LETTERS OF 
 
 Hawkesw^ lose her Church. If there is y* least Objec- 
 tion to our coming pray let me know it as freely as I 
 propose troubling you — I have Much to say to you & 
 am a little puzzled about M*" Stanley; has he done quite 
 right? — but I will open my Budget on Monday for I 
 am quite dead with fatigue & some fretting. 
 Yours Ever my dear 
 Sir 
 
 Most truly & 
 PS. Affect^ 
 
 What time sh- you D Garrick 
 
 like best nex* Season 
 
 for Oroonoko; I wish you 
 
 would hint y^ Mind to me for on Saturday 
 
 Night I must settle w*.^ Another Gentleman. 
 
 Robert Jephson, solicitor, soldier, newspaper writer, 
 and dramatist, was born in Ireland in 1736. Forster 
 says Horace Walpole declared that the dramatic works 
 of Mr. Jephson, who had happened to write a play on 
 the Castle of Otranto^ were destined to live forever, and 
 that his Law of Lombardy was superior to all Beau- 
 mont and Fletcher.' After the production of Jephson's 
 Braganza in 1775 Walpole addressed to him three 
 published letters with the title : Thoughts on Tragedy. 
 While living in England as a half-pay captain, he met, 
 
 I Life of Goldsmith^ ed. 1885, John Forster, p. 410. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 91 
 
 as the intimate friend of William Gerard Hamilton, 
 the literary and artistic leaders of the day, — Garrick, 
 Johnson, Reynolds, and Goldsmith. He was often 
 about the theatres, and it is said that Garrick gave him 
 his first real start in life as follows. One night when 
 Jephson was behind the scenes, Garrick chanced to 
 meet in the coulisses a nobleman who was going to 
 Ireland as Lord Lieutenant, and on the spur of the 
 moment successfully urged his young friend's claims 
 for a place in his retinue. Jephson afterwards became 
 Irish Master of the Horse. 
 
 Shortly before this letter Isaac Bickerstaffe, who had 
 been a prolific hack writer for the stage, fled to France 
 to escape prosecution for an oflence similar to that for 
 which Oscar Wilde was imprisoned. From St. Malo, 
 where he was hiding, Bickerstaffe wrote a piteous ap- 
 peal to Garrick for a letter, but Garrick put it aside 
 with the written comment : ' ' From that poor wretch 
 Bicker staff". I could not answer it." 
 
 th 
 
 Hampton, May 19 
 
 Dear Sm ^ 
 
 On Eagle's wings immortal Scandals fly ! — So 
 Dryden says, & his Saying is verifyd by the late Acci- 
 dent, which, I fear, will imbitter the Life of Miserable 
 B . ' The aflfair is reported here just as you seem to 
 
 I A later hand has added in pencil (ickerstaffe). 
 
92 LETTERS OF 
 
 have heard it — He is gone, & has written to Mf Griffis 
 the Bookseller a letter, which shock'd me beyond 
 imagination — aU his friends hang their heads & grieve 
 sincerely at his Misfortune — My wife & I have long 
 thought him to be out of his Mind — he has hurry 'd 
 away in the Midst of Conversation, without any appar- 
 ent reason for it — the Story '""a^ tell, if true, is a most 
 unaccountable one ; but the the Watch, Seal & ring are 
 
 in the Soldier's hands & B would not claim them, 
 
 but absconded — this business has hurt me greatly, as 
 well as my Wife, the Stage has a great loss, for he 
 was preparing several pieces that would have been both 
 profitable, & creditable — 
 
 Your WagstafF' ode I receiv'd & think it has great 
 Merit with some few Objections — I should be glad to 
 wait upon M."" Courtney * when he comes to London — 
 — his Pen I hope will find better Employment here, 
 when I say better, I mean more Solid Glory, than y^ 
 Mere vox Populi . 
 
 I have been told of an Ode of Yours but I have not 
 yet seen it — I have desir'd a friend of Mine to search 
 y^ Publick Advertiser for there I was told, it was printed 
 — how have you avoided the points of Swords in y*^ 
 [late] literary Warfare,^ those of wit [seem] to be 
 
 1 Some of Jephson's contributions to the Dublin Mercury were re- 
 printed as The Bachelor^ or Speculations of Jeoffry Wagstaffe. 
 
 2 A writer for the Government under the signature " Mercator." 
 Under Townshend he held an office of £300 per annum. 
 
 3 This probably refers to Jephson's satirical epistle, published in 
 
DAVID GARRICK 93 
 
 push'd [?] all on y"" Si[de of] y' Question— M? G 
 joins her best wishes to Mine, with as much ^"a"^ as 
 you please & beg they may be presented to yf Lady 
 
 I am D*" Sir 
 Always in a Your most oblgd 
 
 hurry humb Servt 
 
 D Garrick 
 
 James Lacy, from 1747 to his death in 1774, partner 
 in Drury Lane with Garrick, was often very exasper- 
 ating. After Garrick 's return from the Continent in 
 1765, Lacy, presuming on his success in management 
 during Garrick's absence, began to take to himself some 
 of his partner's functions, though their contract clearly 
 excluded him therefrom. This difficulty in 1766 was 
 smoothed over,' but in the summer of 1768 Lacy be- 
 came troublesome again. This time he wished to get 
 rid of George Garrick, who was a kind of acting 
 manager at Drury Lane, and entirely devoted to his 
 brother's interest. In the midst of the disagreement 
 Garrick wrote to his friend John Paterson, "I have 
 (and I believe you know it) withstood very great temp- 
 tations to be easy at Drury-lane, and to end my the- 
 atrical life there ; but fate, and Mr. Lacy, who seems to 
 
 1771, purporting to be written by Gorges Edmond Howard, a dull 
 legal compiler and unsuccessful dramatist, to George Faulkner, a Dub- 
 lin publisher, noted for his pompous and pedantic verbosity. See Diet. 
 Nat. Biog. under Jephson. 
 
 I Private Correspondence, i, 223-24. 
 
94 LETTERS OF 
 
 be alone insensible of my merit and services, will drive 
 me away, and they shall have their ends. . . . Mr. 
 Lacy thinks and speaks very injuriously of my brother, 
 and has lately done some things which I think shows a 
 spirit contrary to that of our articles, and the terms of 
 our reconciliation settled before you." ' The letter now 
 printed shows the warmth of relationship between the 
 brothers. 
 
 Hampton Monday 
 Night, 
 
 [Circa August 1 5th, 1 768 ?] ' 
 
 Dear George. 
 
 Your Affair with Lacy cannot be in better hands 
 than those of our friend Chamberlain^ — He is clever, 
 knows Lacifs Character, & is well assur'd that What 
 we Ask is a triffle to what he (Lacy) ought to have done 
 on his own Accord — 
 
 I would not have You go to Lacy, & could I have 
 wishd a Person to transact y^ matter, it Sh. be Cham- 
 berlain — therefore leave the Business to him & I will 
 through you tell him my thoughts of y^ Person he is to 
 treat with, & *^ thing he is to treat about. I have fix'd 
 my resolution, that if he does not make it Easy to You, 
 
 1 Private Correspondence, x^t^w. 
 
 2 Idem, I, 310-312; three letters connected with this quarrel are 
 dated August 20th-24th. 
 
 3 Possibly Mason Chamberlain, an original member of the Royal 
 Academy. Died, 1787. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 95 
 
 & consequently to Me, I will never upon my honor, 
 let what will be y^ Consequences, go on w^ him as I 
 have done. It is monstrous that he sh^ seem to be (for 
 it is only a Seeming) insensible of my very great, nay 
 foolish Generosity to him who has return 'd it so un- 
 gratefully, the last year, my playing alone brought to 
 y^ house, between 5 & 6 thousand pounds — I got up y^ 
 Pantomime for w""^ I might have had a benefit & got 
 200 p'^^ for it — I w^ not let Barry or myself perform for 
 y^ Peep behind &c,' & you know what [fame?]"" I have 
 given to yhouse in altering Romeo — Every Man, &c 
 &c &c without fee or reward — now my dear George — 
 this is the ground that I w^. have our Friend take — let 
 him talk y^ Matter over with Laci/ as from himself — 
 & tell him that "^a " his behaviour to my Brother will de- 
 pend mt/ future behaviour to him — that He must tell 
 Lacy as his friend — that I have had great inducements 
 to quit Drury Lane, & if he sh'! be riotous^ M'i Cham- 
 berlain may insinuate that M^ Yorke"* has given it as 
 his opinion that I may sell toMorrow without his leave, 
 or giving him y^ refusal — this I say in case of his being 
 furious, for we must carry our point at all Events — 
 We must have y' Addition to y' Salary without any 
 
 1 The Peep Behind the Curtain^ by Garrick, was produced in 1767. 
 
 2 MS. nearly illegible. 
 
 3 Written over and blurred. 
 
 4 Charles Yorke (Lord Chancellor), 1722-1770. See a letter of 
 his, Private Correspondence^ i, 279. 
 
96 LETTERS OF 
 
 Conditions of my doing this or that, which he w^ meanly 
 barter for — 
 
 If he could nobly give You y^ 200 p'l^ he has taken 
 from me &. give it you, he sh'^ have it again ten fold — 
 but he is incapable of it, as I was foolishly Easy in 
 giving it up — 
 
 Lacy must be frighten 'd — if Chamberlain could set- 
 tle this Matter so that I might think well of Lacy, I 
 should be Easy in my Mind — but I am sick of his 
 meatiy ungrateful^ wretched behaviour — I will prove 
 to the Man that I am cheaper than y^ Cheapest of y' 
 lowest part of his Company — I have a thought — Sup- 
 pose, you were to attend M^ Chamberlain to Richmond 
 or to Isleworth in his way to Lacy's, on Wednesday 
 Morn? I will be w!!^ you at Eleven or 12 o' Clock sooner, 
 or later (as he pleases) & at any house you will appoint 
 we can talk over more in a q' of an hour than we can 
 write in a q*^ of a Year — You then may drive with Me 
 if you please, & we shall know w! to do — If you can't 
 conveniently come, I will meet him on Wed^ at his own 
 time & place, & then will settle y^ Whole — Send me 
 Word toMorrow Night, & I will do as you bid me — 
 I am so angry wll! Lacy — that whatEver 
 
 plan Chamberlain & you settle I will pursue 
 
 most punctually 
 
 Ever EverY? 
 
 D. G 
 
FACIAL EXPRESSION OF GARRICK 
 IN 'ROMEO' 
 
.AH' I/-. 
 
^NpdUfO 
 
 forn^ 
 
DAVID GARRICK 97 
 
 No charge against the actor-manager is more often 
 heard than that he sees nothing commendable in any 
 play which will not let him shine. The widespread 
 feeling of this sort in regard to Garrick, Horace Wal- 
 pole phrased strongly in connection with his play, The 
 Mysterious Mother. "I have finished my Tragedy," 
 he wrote. " . . .1 am not yet intoxicated enough with 
 it to think it would do for the stage, though I wish to 
 see it acted, — nor am I disposed to expose myself to 
 the impertinences of that jackanapes Garrick, who lets 
 nothing appear but his own wretched stuff, or that of 
 creatures still duller, who suffer him to alter their pieces 
 as he pleases." ' On the other hand three letters of 
 Garrick's, to Captain Thompson, Hannah More, and 
 Lord Bute, criticising plays by the first two and by 
 John Home, show that he was a sound critic. What 
 he says in the letter to Thompson of the relation of 
 character to fable might well be taken as a first prin- 
 ciple by young playwrights, and posterity has corro- 
 borated his judgments on the other two plays. Indeed 
 the Dramatica Biographia says of Thompson's Hobby- 
 Horse: " It would do discredit to any Author that ever 
 existed." 
 
 Captain Edward Thompson illustrates the treatment 
 Garrick so often met from those whom he befriended. 
 After an adventurous career he had by 1 762 reached 
 
 1 Letters of Horace Walpole^ ed. C. D. Yonge, ii, 8i. 
 
98 LETTERS OF 
 
 the rank of Captain in the Navy. He then withdrew 
 from it and devoted himself to writing, in the main 
 ephemeral verse of a low order both in subject — The 
 Meretriciad^ The Courtezan , etc. — and in quality. In 
 1766 Garrick produced his Hobby-Horse^ which failed. 
 Garrick show ed him repeated kindnesses, among others 
 procuring for him in 1772 the commission of com- 
 mander. This Garrick did in spite of Thompson's 
 satire, Trinculd' s Trip to the Jubilee^ on the actor's 
 pet spectacle, the Shakespeare Jubilee at Stratford in 
 1769. But in 1776 a letter appeared in the London 
 Packet charging Garrick with conspiracy to destroy 
 Thompson's play, The Syrens^ then acting at Covent 
 Garden. Bate, the proprietor of the paper, was so in- 
 dignant when he learned the facts, that he published 
 a reply, signed Mermaid^ letting the town know of Gar- 
 rick's many kindnesses to the man. This letter Thomp- 
 son tried to fasten on Garrick, who had Bate swear to 
 an affidavit as to the authorship and thus wrung an 
 abject apology from Thompson. It is sad to turn from 
 the very friendly letter here printed, with its evident 
 enjoyment of Thompson's letters from Scotland, to the 
 words with which Garrick closed their relations after 
 the final affi-ont in 1 776 : 
 
 Be assured, Sir, that I have as totally forgotten 
 whatever you may have written to me from every part 
 of the world as I will endeavour to forget that such a 
 
DAVID GARRICK 99 
 
 person as the writer and his unkindness ever existed, 
 and was once connected with, Sir, 
 
 Your most humble servant, 
 
 D. Garrick.' 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Hampton 
 
 Sep*. 12/66 
 
 Let me thank you most sincerely for yl very 
 Entertaining, & obliging letter. 
 
 I am sorry that you so feelingly lament the loss of y'. 
 Patron ^ — He is only retir'd for a While, that he may 
 return with more power & Splendor. I don't like your 
 remarks upon Fortune, she is certainly dim-sighted at 
 times, but . . . you have at present no reason for 
 Complaint — consider my dear Captain — that you are 
 Young, Stout, ''a''^ great health, great Spirits & one of 
 y! finest women in England with you — what y^ Devil 
 would you have ? .... let me hear no more, my good 
 Captain, of y^ Complaints against fortune loss of friends 
 &c &c — remember the burden of y^ old Song — a light 
 heart &c. 
 
 yr. Account of Scotland pleas'd me much ^ — I read 
 
 I Private Corresfottdence^ ii, 146. 
 3 Garrick himself ? 
 
 3 After 1764 Thompson lived for some time in Scotland, which he 
 " described with that virulence which the examples of some eminent 
 
100 LETTERS OF 
 
 it to our friend Colman yesterday, & we laughed 
 heartily — y^ accounting for their filth by way of pre- 
 servation against y! Plague, & ye broken- winded 
 Priests are admirable touches; You must give me some 
 more from y^ fountain head, & we will send you some 
 News from the banks of y^ Thames in return for it — 
 Colman sends his Love &: Best wishes to you — & 
 hopes to hear from you — he is still hoarse, & his 
 friends are alarm'd about him — M^ Lacy thinks he's 
 in great danger, I think, he's past it, & begins, in spite 
 of his hoarseness to be himself again. 
 
 I am sorry you did not see Aikin,' but I ''l^^ a 
 very good Idea of him from what you have pick'd up 
 — I have Ever spoke my Sentiments to you about y^ 
 dramatic Matters, & I will now, with a freedom, that 
 you will not dislike because it is the result of ^^^ good 
 Wishes & good liking to you, & proceeds from my 
 honest Judgment ; tho there were good things in the 
 Hobbyhorse, & some Character; I never approv'd it — 
 I always was afraid of it, & foretold the Event — it 
 wants fable — Action, Action, Action, are words better 
 apply 'd to y^ Drama, than to Oratory — be assur'd *^^' 
 without some comic Situations resulting from the fable. 
 
 persons of that period had rendered fashionable, and which cannot be 
 sufficiently condemned." Bt'og. Dratn. i, pt. ii, 703. 
 
 I Probably Francis Aickin, late a member of Garrick's company. By 
 1774 he, too, had grievances. See letters in Private Correspondence, 
 1.651-55- 
 
DAVID GARRICK loi 
 
 the Hohby horse will not run y* race we could wish it — 
 all the knowledge of Character, with y^ finest Dialogue 
 would be lost without a proper Vehicle, to interest y" 
 Audience. You will throw away much powder & Shot, 
 if you don't ram down both, & compress them w- a 
 good fable ; there is yf great failure, & were I worthy to 
 advise you (I am an old pilot & have brought some 
 leaky vessels into port) I would not write a line till I 
 had fix'd upon a good Story & consider'd it well upon 
 paper — " yo" don't ^^^ ^jjj g^jj without rudder, compass 
 or ballast — whatEver you send to me, I will read it as 
 I would any Brother's & give you my opinion like a 
 Brother — You on the other hand, must not be dis- 
 pleased with my frankness — & if you should, I had 
 much rather you s^** be angry at my not thinking w*?" 
 You, than curse me for a Miscarriage upon the Stage. 
 My Brother is in Staffordshire — W^ Garrick sends 
 her Compliments, I beg mine to Yl^ Lady & may Suc- 
 cess attend y^ & Fortune see better for y^ future. I am 
 Dear Sir 
 
 most truly y^ hum'.^ 
 
 Ser! 
 
 D. Garrick. 
 
 Samuel Johnson said of Hannah More, "I was 
 obliged to speak to Miss Reynolds, to let her [Miss 
 More] know that I desired she would not flatter me so 
 much." Somebody on this observed: "She flatters 
 
102 LETTERS OF 
 
 Garrick." Johnson answered: " She is in the right to 
 flatter Garrick. She is in the right for two reasons ; 
 first, because she has the world with her, who have 
 been praising Garrick these thirty years ; and secondly, 
 because she is rewarded for it by Garrick. Why should 
 she flatter me? I can do nothing for her. " ' If a boyhood 
 friend of Garrick' s chose to put such an interpretation 
 on the deep friendship of Hannah More for Garrick, 
 what wonder that the world in general constantly mis- 
 interpreted him ! 
 
 The following letter shows one of the ways in which 
 Miss More was "rewarded" — by detailed and help- 
 ful criticism of her second play, the Fatal Falsehood, 
 produced at Drury Lane shortly after Garrick 's death. 
 On October lo, 1778, Miss More wrote to Garrick: 
 "I have taken the liberty, dear Sir, to send you my 
 first act. I have greatly changed my plan, as you will 
 see: Emmeline is now my heroine, and Orlando my hero. 
 Be so good as to treat me with your usual candour, and 
 tell me how I have failed or succeeded in unfolding the 
 story or characters; and, above all, if you can recollect 
 any other tragedy that it is like, as I shall be most care- 
 ful of that."^ In the Fatal Falsehood, as printed, any 
 trained reader of plays must at once recognize the truth 
 of Garrick 's criticism as to the weakness in the scene 
 
 1 BoswelVs Johnson, ed. A. Birrell, il, 296. 
 
 2 Private Correspondence, li, 315. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 103 
 
 between the two friends, which persisted, and as to the 
 slight complication the "fable " shows. 
 
 Hampton Ahv^ 
 
 23^ 177%. 
 My dear Madam 
 
 I have read the three Acts & laid them by, & 
 to them again — there are some Objections, which may- 
 be alter'd when we Meet, & can read them together: 
 the two next Acts must determine of the former three 
 — there are some Abrupt Endings of y^ Acts or rather 
 Scenes, & I think y^ Scene, w*"!" sh'! be capital between 
 Rivers & Orlando in y^ 3*^ Act not yet warm enough — 
 the last should inquire whether some Intelligence about 
 his Family, or some female Connection may not lie 
 heavy upon his Mind — Why sh^ he doubt of his 
 Father's Consent for his union w*!" Emil'me? If that 
 had been mark'd or known before it would ha\e done; 
 & perhaps the Father's Objecting to marry his Daugh- 
 ter to a stranger &:c might be an addition to the Fable 
 — however do not alter till I have consider'd y^ whole 
 — You ha^'e good time before you, & we ^i." turn it 
 about in our Minds with Advantage — ^^T the Father's 
 Objections might arise some good Scenes between the 
 Son & him, & y^ Daughter & him — then indeed Rivers 
 might mistake, & Orlando being afraid to tell, might 
 create an animated Scene and more^confusion _ ^^^ j^^ j^ 
 
 alone till I see y^ Whole — I have been very ill with a 
 
104 LETTERS OF 
 
 Cold & Cough w*^.^ tear my head & breast to pieces — 
 has the Sincere, little, very little Gentleman ' deign'd to 
 visit you — I have had such proofs of his insincerity to 
 me upon many Occasions that I am more astonish'd, 
 than displeas'd at his Conduct — 7k/? Cholmondeley^ 
 gave him a fine Dressing at S^ Jos: Reynold's. He was 
 quite pale & distress'd for y^ Whole Company took my 
 Part — among other friendly Matters — he said, that it 
 was no Wonder, Wits were severe upon Me, for that 
 I was always Striking \\i^ y^ keen Edge of Satire all that 
 came in my Way — M" C. said it was if reverse of my 
 Character ^ that I was y" gayest Companion without 
 Malignity — nay^ that I was too prudish^ £s? carry"* d my 
 dislike of Satire too far^ &f that^ she was surprised to 
 hear a particular Friend of Mine so Mistake Me so — 
 this was a dagger — for all were against him — but let 
 us brush this Cobweb from our thoughts — I have sent 
 some Nonsense to the Arab^ — dull truth without Po- 
 etry — I forgot her Christian name, so have given the 
 Mahometan one : 
 
 I wish I could have written better verses for her book, 
 & prov'd a little better title to my Place than I have 
 
 1 Probably Dr. Monsey. See Private Correspondence^ ii, 288-89, 
 for three letters which apparently explain the critic's irritation. 
 
 2 Polly Woffington, sister of the famous Peg Woffington, married 
 the Rev. Cholmondeley, a nephew of Lord Cholmondeley. She had 
 some of her sister's conversational quickness and skill. 
 
 3 Apparently pet name for one of the More sisters. She was mak- 
 ing a collection of autographs. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 105 
 
 done — I have finish 'd my prol : & Epil : for Fielding's 
 play,' & have been very lucky — I have in y^ first intro- 
 duced the Characters "^ Tom Jones & Joseph Andrews 
 pleading at y^ Bar of y^ Publick for y^ Play — it is really 
 tolerably done — would have sent it, had I a written 
 Copy — say nothing about it — 
 
 Yours my dearest 
 
 Nine at all Times 
 
 & in all places 
 
 D. Garrick 
 Madam wraps her 
 Love up with Mine 
 to keep it warm, for 
 you, & your Sisters — 
 
 John Stuart, Lord Bute, on first coming to London 
 in 1745, showed his fondness for acting by his enjoy- 
 ment of masquerades, and of plays which he gave with 
 his relations. It was said of him, as a patron of letters, 
 that he rarely favored any one outside his party and 
 that he was over-partial to the Scotch. In 1 756 his favor 
 was something not to be treated lightly by Garrick, for 
 he was the companion and confidant of the future King 
 of England and his relations with his mother, the Prin- 
 cess, were so intimate as even to rouse scandal. When, 
 
 I His long lost play : T/te Fathers, or the Good-Natured Man, pro- 
 duced at Drury Lane, November 30, 1778. See, for prologue and epi- 
 logue, Garrick's Poetical Works, 11, 356-59. 
 
106 LETTERS OF 
 
 therefore, he recommended to Garrick's attention the 
 play, Douglas, of the Scotch clergyman John Home, 
 the manager found himself in exactly the position he 
 once feelingly described to his friend John Hoadley : 
 ' ' I have a Play with Me, sent to me by My Lord 
 Chesterfield — but it won't do, & yet recommended by 
 his Lordship & patroniz'd by Ladies of Quality : what 
 can I say or do? must I belye my Judgment or run 
 the risque of being thought impertinent, & disobliging 
 y^ great Folks? " As the following letter' will show any 
 one who knows the play of Douglas, Garrick refused it 
 on good grounds, and courageously; yet there were no 
 charges too mean to be made as to the reasons for the 
 refusal. John Forster, who seemed to feel that he could 
 not exalt Goldsmith without decrying Garrick, repeated 
 with relish the gossip of the hour — which the letter 
 here printed goes far to refute. Douglas, Forster wrote, 
 ' ' was not acted at the Theatre Royal in Drury-Lane, 
 because Garrick, who shortly afterwards so compla- 
 cently exhibited himself in Agis, & in the Siege ofAqui- 
 leia, & other ineffable dullness from the same hand 
 (wherein his quick suspicious glance detected no Lady 
 Randolphs), would have nothing to do with the charac- 
 ter o^ Douglas. What would come with danger from the 
 full strength of Mrs. Gibber, he knew might be safely 
 
 I Extracts from this letter were printed in the Quarterly Review^ 
 June, 1868, bj Sir Theodore Martin. See also his Monographs^ (1906) 
 pp. 62-64. 
 
D. GARRICK, ACTEUR ANGLOIS ' 
 

 I 
 
 L 
 
DAVID GARRICK 107 
 
 left to the enfeebled powers of Mrs. Woffington : whose 
 Lady Randolph would leave him no one to fear but 
 Barry, at the rival house. But despairing also of Covent- 
 garden when refused by Drury-lane, & crying plague 
 on both their houses, to the north had good parson 
 Home returned, and, though not till eight months were 
 gone, sent back his play endorsed by the Scottish capi- 
 tal. There it had been acted; and from the beginning 
 of the world, from the beginning of Edinburgh, the 
 like of that play had not been known — Even puffery 
 of Home must have languished, but for that resolve of 
 the presbytery to eject from his pulpit a parson who had 
 written a play. It carried Douglas to London; secured 
 a nine nights' reasonable wonder; and the noise of the 
 carriages on their way to Covent-garden to see the 
 Norval of silver-tongued Barry was now giving sud- 
 den headaches to David Garrick." Had John Forster 
 read Douglas? If he had, must he not have seen that 
 it had no qualities to warrant expectation of the suc- 
 cess it attained, and that its initial success could have 
 come only from special temporary conditions in Edin- 
 burgh? That Garrick should have acted other plays of 
 Home, even though poor, is not surprising. It is one 
 thing to refuse a play from an unknown dramatist, it 
 is something wholly different to insist on one's own 
 judgment of a play by the same person when he has 
 become famous and the public demands a chance to see 
 whatever he has written. What manager could with- 
 
108 LETTERS OF 
 
 stand that demand and hold his public? The following 
 letter proves that no such petty and silly reason as fear 
 that Mrs. Gibber as Lady Randolph might overshadow 
 him as Douglas determined his decision against a play 
 at the time probably even more faulty than it now ap- 
 pears, for changes lay between its submission to Gar- 
 rick and its final production. 
 
 Julyt/.\0^ 1756 
 
 My Lord. 
 
 It is with yf Greatest Uneasiness that I trouble 
 Your Lordship with my Sentiments of M^ Hume's 
 Tragedy — The little Knowledge I had of him, gave 
 me the warmest inclination to Serve him, which I 
 should have done most sincerely, had the Means been 
 put into my hands — but upon my Word & credit it is 
 not in my Power to introduce Douglas upon y^ Stage 
 with y^ least advantage to the Author, & the Managers 
 — the Tragedy (if possible) is in its present Situation, 
 As unfit for representation as it was before, & Your 
 Lordship must be sensible, that it "^^a*^"* all y^ requisites 
 of y^ Drama to carry it ev'n through y^ two first Acts 
 — M^ Hume is certainly a Gentleman of Learning & 
 Parts, but I am [as certain] that Either his Genius 
 is not adapted to Dramatic Compositions or that he 
 wants the proper Exercise & Experience to shew it to 
 advantage : 
 
 I am oblig'd My Lord to be free in y^ Delivery of my 
 
DAVID GARRICK 109 
 
 opinion upon this Subject, as I think, both M5 Hume's 
 & my Reputation concern'd in it : I should have had y^ 
 highest Pleasure in forwarding any Performance which 
 Yf Lordship should please to recommend ; but Nobody 
 knows as well as You do, that all y^ Endeavors of a 
 Patron & the Skill of a Manager, will avail Nothing, if 
 the dramatic Requisites & Tragic Force are Wanting 
 — I am so strongly convinc'd that this is the case of y^ 
 Tragedy in Question, that I durst not upon any Ace* 
 venture it upon y^ Stage of Drury Lane, & I would 
 stake all my credit, that the Author would sorely repent 
 it, if Ever it should be Exhibited upon any Theatre — 
 As I ought to Second these strong Assertions with some 
 few Reasons, I will Endeavor, for Yf Lordship's & 
 Mr Hume's Satisfaction, to point out the (what I think) 
 insurmountable Objections to the Tragedy. 
 
 The Story is radically defective & most improbable 
 in those Circumstances which produce the dramatic 
 Action — for instance — Lady Barnet continuing Seven 
 Years togeather in that melancholly miserable State, just 
 as if it had happen'd y^ Week before, without discover- 
 ing yf real Cause ; & on a Sudden opening yf Whole 
 Affair to Anna without any stronger reason, than what 
 might have happen'd at any other Time since the Day 
 of her Misfortunes — this I think, w''^ is yf foundation 
 of yf Whole, Weak & unaccountable — The two first 
 Acts pass in tedious Narratives, without anything of 
 Moment being plan'd or done — the introducing Doug- 
 
no LETTERS OF 
 
 las is y^ Chief Circumstance, & yet, as it is manag'd, 
 it has no Effect ; It is romantic for want of those prob- 
 able Strokes of Art, w''.'' yf first Poets make use of to 
 reconcile strange Events to y^ Minds of an Audience — 
 Lady Bamefs speaking to Glenalvon imediatly in ht- 
 half o^ Bandolph, forgetting her own indelible Sorrows, 
 & Glenalvon' s Suspicions & Jealousy upon it (without 
 saying anything of his ^'"i*""' Love for y^ Lady, who 
 cannot be of a Love-inspiring Age) are premature and 
 unnatural — But these and many other Defects, w'^.'' I 
 will not trouble Y"^ Lord*! with, might be palliated & 
 alter'd perhaps ; but the Unaffecting conduct of y? 
 Whole & which will always be y*" Case, when the Story 
 is rather told, than represented ; when the Characters 
 do not talk or behave suitably to y^ Passions imputed to 
 them, & the Situation in Which they are plac'd; when 
 the Events are such as cannot naturally be supposed to 
 rise ; & the Language too often below the most familiar 
 Dialogue; these are the insurmountable Objections, 
 which in my Opinion, will Ever make Douglas unfit for 
 y^ Stage, — In short there is no one Character or Pas- 
 sion which is strongly interesting & supported through 
 y^ five Acts — 
 
 Glenalvon is a Villain without plan or Force; He 
 raises our Expectation in a Soliloquy at y^ first, but 
 sinks Ever after — h^. Barnet is unaccountably work'd 
 upon by Glenalv" to believe his Lady fond of Randolph, 
 & the Youth is as unaccountably attack'd by L^ Barnet, 
 
DAVID GARRICK in 
 
 & looses his Life for a suppos'd Injury which he has 
 done to him, whose Life he just before preserv'd — & 
 what is this Injury? ^I'^ Love for a Lady, who is old 
 Enough to be [h]'is Mother, Whom he has scarcely 
 seen, & w^'^ whom it was impossible to indulge any Pas- 
 sion, there not being Time, from his Entrance to his 
 Death, ev'n to conceive one. these I think My Lord, are 
 y^ Chief Objections to the Tragedy — & these I flatter 
 Myself Your Lord? was sensible of before You sent y^ 
 Play to Me. 
 
 I have consider'd y^ Performance by Myself, I have 
 read it to a Friend or Two with all the Energy & Spirit 
 I ":^^' Master of ^"' without the wish'd for Effect— 
 The Scenes are long without Action, the Characters 
 want strength & Pathos, and the Catastrophe is brought 
 about without y^ necessary & interesting preparations 
 for so great an Event — 
 
 A Friend of Mine has made some Slight Remarks 
 upon y^ Margin with his pencil, some of Which I 
 agreed to but dissented from him in others — had I 
 thought i the Tragedy could possibly have appear'd, 
 I would have submitted some Alterations to y^ Author j 
 But upon my Word & honor, I think yf Tragedy radi- 
 cally defective, & in Every Act incapable of raising the 
 Passions, or comanding Attention. I must now Ask 
 Your Lordships Pardon for detaining you so long, I 
 
 I MS. worn. 
 
112 LETTERS OF 
 
 have submitted my Opinion to y' Lord? without Method 
 or reserve — I am conscious that I have repeated my 
 Thoughts, but as I intended to convince Mf Hume '""'^^ 
 of my Sincerity & Friendship than my critical Abilities, 
 I have wTitten with y^ Same openness & Freedom, that 
 I would have convers'd. 
 
 I could wish that yf Lordship would oblige me so far 
 to permit this Letter to be sent with y^ Tragedy into 
 Scotland; I have Undertaken this office of Critic & 
 Manager, with great Reluctance, being well convinced 
 that MI" Hume (for whom I have the highest Venera- 
 tion) has a fatherly fondness for his Douglas — If I am 
 so happy to agree with Lord Bute in opinion, it would 
 be a less Grievance to M."" Hume to find my Sentiments 
 of his Play, not contradicted by so well-known a Judge 
 of Theatrical Compositions, 
 lam 
 
 My Lord 
 
 Yr Lordship's 
 Most humble 
 & 
 Most Obed' 
 Servant 
 
 D. Garrick. 
 
 Was Samuel Johnson, by any chance, one of the 
 "friends" to whom Douglas was read by Garrick? 
 When most of London was acclaiming it, Johnson de- 
 
^■a^^0 ■f5K:x^^'^?<.;;g^j«»:>\«i;^^*2«^ . jsp^ 
 
 GARRICK 
 FROM A PORTRAIT ATTRIBUTED TO DANCE 
 
:\'j/ . 
 
 IIMTIA i l/.;i 1 »< 
 
DAVID GARRICK 113 
 
 clared that there were not ' ' ten good lines in the whole 
 play.- 
 
 Garrick, Bonnel Thornton, and George Colman 
 were shareholders in the St. James Chronicle, and made 
 it the most successful of such sheets as a retailer of 
 literary contests, anecdotes, and humorous and witty 
 articles. For it Colman wrote indefatigably essays and 
 occasional articles, on every subject. One set, begun 
 June 11, 1761, The Genius, was perhaps the most 
 successful. The letter to Colman here printed shows 
 another frequent harassment of Garrick, certain jour- 
 nalists of the time, — if such pirates of Grub Street 
 deserve so worthy a title. 
 
 Dec''. 17^^1761. 
 Dear Colman. 
 
 I rejoice that you are arrived safe at Bath, but 
 most sincerely wish you as little pleasure ^''^^ as pos- 
 sible, and You may guess the Reason — Fitzherbert 
 being with you will, I fear, most powerfully counteract 
 my Wishes, however, I have some small hopes from 
 his "^* being "°^''' y" same Roof with you — 
 
 I have this Moment seen our Friend Churchill' & told 
 him a fine Scheme of Vaughn's^ in conjunction with the 
 
 I The author of the Rosciad was on intimate terms with both 
 Thornton and Colman. 
 
 2 Thomas Vaughan, clerk to Commission of the Peace for West- 
 minster, amateur of the theatre, writer of essays for the Morning Post 
 
114 LETTERS OF 
 
 Gang of Pottinger' — they are going to publish a Set of 
 Papers call'd the Genius, in order to forestall y'^ & de- 
 ceive the Public. It is a most infamous design, & I de- 
 sir' d Churchill would Let Thornton know of it, which 
 he will do immediately, & prevent their Scoundrillity 
 by some humourous Paragraph — If you wl have any 
 thing done, write directly & You shall be obeyed most 
 minutely. 
 
 I have read yf last & think J^* a fine Plan^ a little too 
 hastily finished — there is Strength, & good Sense, but 
 I would more laugh &. pleasantry — our new Tragedy^ 
 creeps on ; We might steal it on to Six Nights with 
 much loss, but I hope, that the Author will be reason- 
 able, & satisfy'd with what We have already done, 
 without insisting upon our losing more to force a Re- 
 putation — this Entre Nous — You have heard I sup- 
 pose of a Col- Barry'' who has taken y* Lyon by the 
 
 and of some insignificant plays. He is said to have been the original 
 of Dangle in The Critic. See Memoirs of the Colman Family^ Peake. 
 
 1 Israel Pottinger, author of T'^cil/c^^ot/w/, a comedy. An essay on 
 The Present State of the Theatre yf&i " printed for" I. Pottinger, in 
 1761. An unscrupulous hack. 
 
 2 Perhaps for The Musical Lady, ^roducQd'm 1762. 
 
 3 Dr. Delap's Hecuba. It ran for only three nights. See Private 
 Correspondeftce, i, 125. 
 
 4 Isaac Barr^ (1726-1802) had fought with Wolfe at Quebec. "After 
 fourteen years of service he felt justified in applying to Pitt for ad- 
 vancement (28th April, 1760), but he was refused on the ground that 
 ' senior officers would be injured by his promotion.'" He represented 
 Chipping Wycombe from December 5, 1761, to 1774- " Five days after 
 his first election he attacked Pitt with great fierceness of language ; 
 and the effect of his speech was heightened by his massive and swarthy 
 
DAVID GARRICK 115 
 
 Beard in y^ Parliame* house; P made no Reply to 
 
 it, & lost his Question — the Town in general think that 
 y* Col! was rather too rough — there will be fine work 
 anon ! — Whitehead's play' has been once read, & has 
 a great deal of Merit — 
 
 Pray let me see you soon with y- Bundle of Excellen- 
 cies — M^ Murphy has at last declar'd off with us, & 
 in a Letter to Oliver, says, that he has been so great a 
 loser by y^ Managers of Drury Lane that he can never 
 more have any dealings with us — Wish me joy my 
 dear Friend, but keep this to y. self for Many Weighty 
 reasons — 
 
 My Love to Fitzherbert & believe me most 
 
 Afiectionately Yours 
 
 D Garrick. 
 
 Mrs Garrick 
 
 pres*f her Comp*^ to you — 
 
 On few subjects have the biographers of Garrick 
 been surer than on his insincerity in talking, after his 
 return from the Continent in April, 1 765, as if bethought 
 seriously of not returning to the stage. Even the least 
 prejudiced of the biographers, Joseph Knight, says : 
 
 figure, as well as by the bullet [from the fighting at Quebec] which 
 had lodged loosely in his chest, and given ' a savage glare ' to his eye." 
 See Dic^. Nat. Biog. 
 
 I Probably Wm. Whitehead's School for Lovers^ produced Febru- 
 ary 10, 1762. 
 
116 LETTERS OF 
 
 "When Garrick came back, his announced purpose 
 was not to act. He purposed living in retirement at 
 Hampton House, now known as Garrick Villa. ... In 
 the arrangement of his new books and curios, and in the 
 continued exercise of hospitality, he would find employ- 
 ment enough, and the 'loathed stage' should see him 
 no more. Some there were whom these protestations 
 took in, and Hoadley congratulated Garrick on his re- 
 solution. An ingenuous nature was necessary to accept 
 such declarations. The wires were being dexterously 
 pulled, and a royal puppet at length removed all Gar- 
 rick's scruples. Mr. Garrick must not retire, said 
 George the Third. Would he not reappear at royal 
 command? What could so loyal a subject as Garrick 
 do?'" 
 
 But Dr. Hoadley had good ground for believing that 
 Garrick was seriously in doubt about his return to the 
 stage, for the following letter of Garrick told him this 
 in so many words. 
 
 London 
 
 You see my dear D' that I am not behind hand 
 with You in friendly promptness, & that my retort cor- 
 dial is upon the heels of your affectionate Congratula- 
 tions — Madam & I are arriv'd from Abroad (as the 
 
 I David Garrick, J. Knight, 221-22. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 117 
 
 Papers say) and as I say, safe & sound; which are bold 
 Words considering Where we have been ; . . . 
 
 If by y*" word Sound you include a general state of 
 health I cannot so well answer your question — I am 
 somewhat y^ worse for Wear, a terrible malignant fever 
 in Germany has a little blited me, & tho I get better 
 daily, yet I am not able to answer the question which is so 
 often put to Me, whether I shall strut ^fret my hour upon 
 if Stage again: my fire is abated, tho my Spirits are all 
 alive & merry — a Month or Six Weeks will make great 
 discoveries — Your Account of Madam & You rejoices 
 me Much & Madam & I take great part in y^. happi- 
 ness — 
 
 My poor Girl was most vilely us'd by a terrible Nea- 
 politan — Sciatica — I would willingly have compounded 
 that she sh"? have been a Cripple all her Life, to be rid of 
 her pains: She underwent, hke any of her own papistical' 
 Martyresses various violent operations, & was at last 
 cur'd by an Old Woman's recipe — blush physick blush — 
 
 We both send our Warmest love to You both — ten 
 thousand thanks for yT information about Dodd^ — I 
 must intreat you to see them again & again, & let me 
 know their qualities a little more minutely — they are to 
 be with us but I sh- be glad of so good a guide, to set' 
 
 1 Mrs. Garrick was a Roman Catholic. 
 
 2 See Private Correspondence, i, 183, for Dr. Hoadley's reply ad- 
 miredly characterizing the acting of Mr. and Mrs. Dodd. 
 
 3 MS. doubtful. 
 
118 LETTERS OF 
 
 out the particulars — take care that you a [re]' not de- 
 ceiv'd by Comparison. 
 
 You must not let them know what we write about, it 
 will add to their importance, w*^!"/ with the Gentleman's 
 double japan, will be death & y^ Devil — I Detest a Cox- 
 comb, & in my legacy to future Managers & Players (a 
 posthumous work) I have laid it down as an invariable 
 Maxim that no Coxcomb can be a theatrical Genius — 
 
 Yours' Ever 
 & most affect^ 
 D. Garrick 
 
 I shall be proud to be acquainted with Cromwell'^ in 
 his new Qoaths — pray give me some hints about the 
 Dodds — it is of great Consequence to y^ friend — I need 
 say no more — if you speak w^*" Quin' — don't forget 
 my respects to him & Madam's Love. 
 
 Stronger evidence still that Garrick really seriously 
 considered retiring is part of a letter to his brother 
 George in November, 1765, only five days before he 
 reappeared in Much Ado about Nothing. Why should 
 he wish to deceive this brother who had always been so 
 
 1 MS. torn. 
 
 2 Dr. Hoadley wrote a play, never produced, on Thomas Cromwell^ 
 Earl of Essex. S&& Private Correspondence., i, 167. 
 
 3 James Quin, whose popularity as an actor was seriously affected 
 by Garrick's rise. They were, however, by the date of this letter, when 
 Quin had long retired, good friends. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 119 
 
 devoted to the actor that Garrick was constantly want- 
 ing him for this or that ? Indeed when George Garrick 
 died, shortly after David, the mot of the town was that 
 the cause of his death was "David wanted him." The 
 letter of November 9, 1765, begins Dear Brother^ and 
 after some business details continues : — 
 
 — His Majesty has desir'd me to appear again to 
 Oblige him & the Queen. I shaU Obey their Commands, 
 but only for a few Nights ; my resolution is to draw my 
 Neck as well as I can out of y^ Collar, & sit quietly with 
 my Wife & books by my fire-side — if I could receive 
 any great Pleasure from the Eager desire of all Sorts of 
 People to see Me again, I might have it at present; for 
 indeed their violent call for Me is as general, as it is par- 
 ticular — thinking People afraid of Mischief the first 
 Night, & I wish from my Soul that it was well over — 
 
 What lends color to Garrick' s statement about ' 'a few 
 Nights ' ' is the fact that during the season of 1 765-66 he 
 appeared but ten times,' in contrast to seventy times as 
 the lowest number of appearances in any previous whole 
 season. In the second season of his return to the stage he 
 acted but nineteen times, and till the last season of all he 
 never passed thirty-three performances in any one the- 
 atrical year. Clearly, though he yielded to pressure from 
 
 I See table in Life of David Garrick^ P. Fitzgerald, ii, 469-70. 
 
120 LETTERS OF 
 
 friends and even perhaps to the glamour of his work, 
 he did in part withdraw after 1 765. 
 
 Frances Brooke, the Biographia Dramatica declares, 
 was ' ' as remarkable for gentleness and suavity of man- 
 ners, as for her Hterary talents." Posterity has not re- 
 membered the talents, and "suavity," "gentleness," 
 seem odd words to apply to her in the light of her vir- 
 ulent and, as Garrick declares in a letter to Miss Cado- 
 gan, wholly ungrounded attack on the manager in her 
 novel. The Excursion. The heroine, Miss Villiers, has 
 written a tragedy, and encouraged by the hearty ap- 
 proval of it by Hammond, a poet of renown, submits it 
 through him to the Manager of Drury Lane. The dia- 
 logue between Mr. Hammond and the Manager is 
 worth quoting as an amusing if exaggerated picture of 
 an harassed manager too good-natured to dispose of the 
 matter summarily and too busy to have considered care- 
 fully a play he does not need. The words of Hammond, 
 however, in their unsparing directness read rather like 
 what one wishes one had said than what one says. 
 After allowing the manager but a very short time for 
 reading the play, Hammond calls on him at eleven in 
 the morning. 
 
 " As he loves to keep on good terms with all authors 
 of reputation who have the complaisance not to write 
 for the theatre, as he has measures to keep with me on 
 account of some of my connexions, and as he knows 
 
DAVID GARRICK 121 
 
 enough of my temper to be assured it is not calculated 
 for attendance, I was admitted the moment I sent up my 
 name. I found him surrounded by a train of anxious 
 expectants, for some of whom I felt the strongest com- 
 passion. . . . 
 
 "The train which compose this great man's levee 
 all retired on my entrance, when the following conver- 
 sation took place: — 
 
 "Manager.' 'My good sir, I am happy anything 
 procures me the pleasure of seeing you — I was talking 
 of you only last week — ' 
 
 "Hammond. ' I am much obliged to you, sir, but the 
 business on which I attend you — ' 
 
 "Manager. 'Why — a — um — true — this play of 
 your friend's — You look amazingly well, my dear sir 
 — In short — this play — I should be charmed to oblige 
 you — but we are so terribly overstocked — ' 
 
 "Hammond. 'I am not to learn that you have many 
 applications, and therefore am determined to wait on 
 your time — You have read the play I take for granted — ' 
 
 "Manager. 'Why — a — um — no — not absolutely 
 read it — Such a multiplicity of affairs — Just skimmed 
 the surface — I — a — Will you take any chocolate, my 
 dear friend ? ' 
 
 "Hammond. ' I have only this moment breakfasted, 
 sir. But to our play.' 
 
 I The names of the speakers are inserted because the distribution of 
 the speeches conflicts in the original. 
 
122 LETTERS OF 
 
 Manager. ' True — this play — the writing seems 
 not bad — something tender — something like sentiment 
 — but not an atom of vis comica. ' 
 
 ' ' Hammond. ' In a tragedy, my good sir? * 
 
 "Manager. 'I beg pardon: I protest I had forgot — I 
 was thinking of Mr. What — d'ye — call — um's com- 
 edy, which he left me last Tuesday. But why tragedy? 
 why not write comedy? There are real sorrows enough 
 in life without going to seek them at the theatre — Tra- 
 gedy does not please as it used to do, I assure you. Sir. 
 
 ' ' ' You see I scarce ever play tragedy now ? The 
 public taste is quite changed within these three or four 
 years? 
 
 " ' Yet Braganza [a recent great success in tragedy, 
 in which Mrs. Yates, the intimate friend of Mrs. 
 Brooke, added greatly to her reputation as an actress] — 
 a lucky hit, I confess — something well in the last scene 
 — But as I was saying, sir — your friend's play — there 
 are good lines — But — the fable — the manners — the 
 conduct — people imagine — if authors would be di- 
 rected — but they are an incorrigible race — 
 
 " 'Ah, Mr. Hammond ! we have no writers now — 
 there was a time — your Shakespeares & old Bens — If 
 your friend would call on me, I could propose a piece for 
 him to alter ^ which perhaps — ' 
 
 "Hammond. 'My commission, sir, does not extend 
 beyond the tragedy in question, therefore we will, if 
 you please, return to that.' 
 
GARRICK AS LEON 
 IN 'RULE A WIFE AND HAVE A WIFE' 
 

DAVID GARRICK 123 
 
 ' ' Manager. * Be so good, my dear sir, as to reach me 
 the gentleman's play: it lies under the right hand pillow 
 of the sofa ' — He took the play, which was still in the 
 cover in which I had sent it, & it was easy to see had 
 never been opened. He turned over the leaves with an 
 air of the most stoical inattention, and proceeded: 
 
 " ' There is a kind of a — sort of a — smattering of ge- 
 nius in this production, which convinces me the writer, 
 with proper advice, might come to something in time. 
 But these authors — and after all, what do they do? 
 They bring the meat indeed, but who instructs them 
 how to cook it? Who points out the proper seasoning 
 for the dramatic ragout. Who furnishes the savoury 
 ingredients to make the dish palatable? Who brings 
 the Attic salt? — the Cayenne pepper? — the — the — a 
 
 — 'Tis amazing the pains I am forced to take with 
 these people, in order to give relish to their insipid pro- 
 ductions — ' 
 
 "Hammond. 'I have no doubt of all this, sir, but 
 the morning is wearing away. 
 
 You have many avocations, and I would not take 
 up your time, I have only one word to add to what I have 
 said: I know we are too late for the present season, but 
 you will oblige me infinitely if you will make room for 
 this piece in the course of the next.' 
 
 "Manager. ' The next season, my dear sir! — Why 
 
 — a — it is absolutely impossible — I have six-and- 
 twenty new tragedies on my promise-list — besides I 
 
124 LETTERS OF 
 
 have not read it. — That is — if — if — a — your friend 
 will send it me in July — if I approve it in July, I will 
 endeavour — let me see — what year is this? — O, I re- 
 member — 't is seventy-five — Yes — if I think it will 
 do, I will endeavour to bring it out in the winter of 
 — the winter of — eighty-two. That is, if my partner 
 — if Mr. should have made no engagement, un- 
 known to me, for that year, which may put it out of my 
 power.' 
 
 " 'I wished him a good morning, madam, and have 
 brought back your tragedy. ..." 'The incoherent 
 jumble of words without ideas, which I have been re- 
 peating to you, madam,* pursued he, 'is, I am told, 
 the general answer to dramatic writers, who are in- 
 tended to be disgusted by this unworthy treatment, 
 which the managers honour with the name of policy, 
 from thinking of any future applications.' 
 
 "That vulgar, unenlightened minds should act with 
 this wretched imitation of craft (for even craft is here 
 too respectable an appellation), I should naturally ex- 
 pect ; but that a man of excellent understanding, of the 
 most distinguished talents, the idol of the public; with 
 as much fame as his most ardent wishes can aspire to, 
 and more riches than he knows how to enjoy ; should 
 descend to such contemptible arts, with no nobler a 
 view than that of robbing the Dramatic Muse, to whom 
 
 I The Excursion, book v, ch. vii, pp. 20-29. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 125 
 
 he owes that fame and those riches, of her little share of 
 the reward, is a truth almost too improbable to be be- 
 lieved. 
 
 "Would it not have been wiser, as well as more 
 manly, to have said in the clearest and most unambigu- 
 ous terms, ' Sir, we have no occasion for new pieces 
 while there are only two English theatres in a city so 
 extensive and opulent as London ; a city which, in the 
 time of Elizabeth, when the frequenters of the theatre 
 were not a tenth part of the present, supported seventeen. 
 We will therefore never receive any new production 
 but when we are compelled to it by recommendations, 
 which we dare not refuse : nor will I read the tragedy 
 you bring, lest its merit should make me ashamed to 
 reject it.' 
 
 "This would have been indeed the language of 
 a thankless son of the drama ; the language of a man 
 having no object in view but his own emolument, and 
 wanting gratitude to that publick, and to the beautiful 
 art, to which he was so much indebted ; but it would 
 have been the language of a man, and a man possessed 
 of sufficient courage to avow his principle of action. 
 
 "Indulge me a moment longer. The person, of whom 
 I have been speaking, deserves, in his profession, all the 
 praise we can bestow: he has thrown new lights on the 
 science of action, and has, perhaps, reached the sum- 
 mit of theatrical perfection. 
 
 "I say perhaps, because there is no limiting the 
 
126 LETTERS OF 
 
 powers of the human mind, or saying where it will 
 stop. 
 
 **It is possible he may be excelled, though that he 
 may be equalled is rather to be wished than expected, 
 whenever (if that time ever comes) his retiring shall 
 leave the field open to that emulation which both his 
 merit and his management have contributed to extin- 
 guish. 
 
 "I repeat, that, as an actor, thepublick have scarce 
 more to wish than to see him equalled ; as an author, he 
 is not devoid of merit; as a manager, he has, I am 
 afraid, ever seen the dawn of excellence, both in those 
 who aspired to write for, or to tread, the theatre, with 
 a reluctant eye ; and has made it too much his object, 
 if common sense, aided by impartial observation, is not 
 deceived, ' To blast each rising literary blossom and 
 plant thdrns round the pillow of genius.' '" 
 
 Not content with this remarkably inclusive re-state- 
 ment of nearly all the current cavillings against Garrick, 
 Mrs. Brooke added that when Miss Villiers told Ham- 
 mond he should have urged that the piece was the work 
 of a "young and amiable woman, and of family and 
 unblemished character, and that the part of the heroine 
 exactly fitted the abilities of the leading actress at 
 Drury Lane," Hammond smiled sarcastically because 
 
 1 The Excursion, book v, ch. viii, pp. 32-36. 
 
DAVID GARRICK 127 
 
 he ' ' thought them both extremely unfavorable to the 
 cause." ' 
 
 Of course some play declined lay back of all this, but 
 if Johnson is to be trusted, Mrs. Brooke's plays de- 
 served their fate. She had repeatedly urged him to look 
 over her Siege of Sinope before it was acted, but he al- 
 ways found means to evade her. At last she pressed him 
 so hard that he flatly refused, telling her that by care- 
 fully looking it over, she should herself be as well able 
 as he to see if anything was amiss. *'But, sir," she 
 said, "I have no time. I have already so many irons in 
 the fire." "Why, then, madam," said Johnson, "the 
 best thing I can advise you to do is to put your tragedy 
 along with your irons." * 
 
 It shows the sensitiveness of Garrick that such evi- 
 dent exaggeration should have troubled him seriously, 
 but evidently it did. 
 
 July\7. [1777.]^ 
 Why should not I say a Word to my dear Miss 
 Cadogan? When shall we see & laugh with you at this 
 sweet place? I long to hear you idolize Shakespeare & 
 yf father unimmortalize him: We shall be here till 
 Wednesday next & return again from London on Fri- 
 
 1 The Excursion^ book v, p. 38. 
 
 2 Memoirs of H. More, William Roberts, i, 118. 
 
 3 The date of publication of Mrs. Brooke's novel, and, still more, 
 the date of Miss Cadogan's reply to this letter {Private Correspond- 
 ence, II, 239) decide the date. 
 
128 LETTERS OF 
 
 day Evening ^if ' will you & y" come before Wednesday 
 or after Friday take Your Choice? — I hope you have 
 seen how much I am abus'd in y5 Friend M*^^ Brooke's 
 new Novel? — She is pleas'd to insinuate that [I am] an 
 Excellent Actor, a So So Author, an Execrable Man- 
 ager & a worse Man — thank you good Madam 
 Brookes — If my heart was not better than my head, I 
 would not give a farthing for the Carcass, but let it 
 dangle, as it would deserve, with It's brethren at y^ 
 End of Oxford Road ' — She has invented a Tale about 
 a Tragedy, which is all a Lie, from beginning to y^ 
 End — she Even says, that I should reject a Play, if it 
 should be a Woman's — there 's brutal Malignity for 
 you — have not y^ Ladies — Mesdames Griffith, Cow- 
 ley, &. Cilesia spoke of me before their Plays with an 
 Over-Enthusiastick Encomium? — What says divine 
 Hannah More? — & more than all what says the more 
 divine Miss Cadogan? — Love to y*^ father 
 
 Yours Ever most affect^ 
 
 D. Garrick 
 I never saw Madam Brooke — 
 
 What a Couple of wretches are ye Yateses Brooke's 
 partners — I work'd with Zeal for their Patent* — 
 wrote a 100 Letters, & they were Stimulating Crump- 
 ling^ all y*" While to Mischief & they deferr'd y^ publi- 
 
 1 Tyburn, the gallows-place, of course. 
 
 2 In 1774 Mrs. Yates was joint manager, with Mrs. Brooke, of the 
 Haymarket Opera House. 
 
 3 The MS. is difficult to read here. Possibly Cumberland? 
 
GARRICK AS KING LEAR 
 
DAVID GARRICK 129 
 
 cation till this time,' that I might not cool in their Cause 
 — there are Devils for you — If you send me a Line, let 
 it go to y^ Adelphi any day before 12 — 
 
 Miss Cadogan, in a charmingly friendly reply to this 
 letter printed by Boaden,* thus sums up the situation : 
 "She is not of consequence enough to excite your 
 anger. . . . While you will continue to be good and 
 great, you must expect your share of abuse. . . . Let 
 them analyse you as much as they can, they can neither 
 diminish your value nor destroy your lustre." But 
 Garrick would never have played St. Sebastian well. 
 
 Probably the busy manager found but little offset to 
 the spite of his enemies in such bare-faced flattery as is 
 proffered in the following notes from Hare, the wit and 
 politician, and Thomas Fitzmaurice. 
 
 [June 6, 1776]^ 
 Dear Sir 
 
 L^ Betty Delane and L'' Julia Howard have de- 
 sired me to endeavor to get them a Box or part of one 
 for tomorrow : All I can say to recommend them to 
 Your consideration, is, that they are Ladies of the best 
 Taste and Judgment that I ever had the Honor of 
 
 1 In a note of T/ie Excursion Mrs. Brooke states that the chapter at- 
 tacking the manager of Drury Lane was written long before he with- 
 drew from the stage in 1776. The book was not printed till 1777. 
 
 2 Private Correspondence, 11, 239. 
 
 3 Dated by Garrick on back of letter. 
 
130 LETTERS OF 
 
 knowing, and their Admiration of you in all Characters 
 is a convincing Proof of it. — They have never seen you 
 in Lear, and I cannot bear the thought of their having 
 so inadequate an Idea of Mf Garrick's Excellence, as 
 any person must have who has never seen him in a part 
 where he exceeds himself almost in the same degree as 
 he does all others in all other Characters — If this was 
 not my real opinion, I should be ashamed of making 
 you a Compliment so grossly expressed — but upon my 
 Honor it is in my judgment literally true. 
 
 I am with great Respect, Sir, 
 
 Your most obed* Humble Serv' 
 
 Wimpole Street J. Hare. 
 
 Friday Morning 
 
 H, Wycombe 
 May Z\, 1771. 
 My Dear Sir, 
 
 I feel myself not a little unfortunate in being 
 obliged to be in the Country on any day that you are to 
 instruct, delight & entertain the world upon; such, 
 however, is my Situation in regard to tomorrow when 
 I proposed to myself much pleasure in seeing you in 
 Leon. Lest, therefore, you may have had the goodness to 
 reserve places for me, I think it right to trouble you with 
 this, that you may make one or two people un-expect- 
 edly happy from among those thousands whom un-a- 
 voidably you must make miserable. Truly this is a very 
 
DAVID GARRICK 131 
 
 bad Compliment that I must pay you, but it is a very 
 just one, Namely, that you can never appear for a quar- 
 ter of an hour, much less in a principal Character, upon 
 the Stage, without making a hundred people unhappy 
 for one that you delight. I beg my very best respects to 
 M^^ Garrick & that youll believe me to remain now, as 
 at all times, with the strongest attachment & regard, 
 My Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most Obliged 
 & faithfull 
 & humble Servant 
 
 Thom^ FrrzMAURicE. 
 
 In the midst of all these harassments — by actors, 
 partners, dramatists, and what not — Garrick got much 
 pleasure from writing occasional verse, most of which, 
 but by no means all, is printed in his Poetical Works. 
 Besides copies of three or four of the verses already 
 known, — notably a copy of the well-known lines to Peg 
 Woffington which has a stanza not before printed and 
 other verbal differences, — the Leigh Collection con- 
 tains five poems not published before. 
 
 The lines to Peg Woffington are given in the Leigh 
 MS. as follows:' 
 
 I For the usual version of this see Life of Garrick, Fitzgerald, i, 
 60, or Poetical Works, 11, 365. The additional fourth stanza here is the 
 chief difference. A note at the bottom of the sheet in an unknown hand 
 dates the MS. "June, 1745." 
 
132 LETTERS OF 
 
 If Truth can fix thy wav'ring Heart, 
 
 Let Damon Urge his Claim ; 
 He feels the Passion void of Art, 
 
 A Pure, & constant flame. 
 
 Though Sighing Swains their Torments tell, 
 
 Their worthless Love contemn, 
 They only prize the Beauteous Shell 
 
 But slight the inward Gem. 
 
 Possession cures the wounded Heart, 
 
 Destroys the transient Fire, 
 But when the Mind receives the Dart, 
 
 Enjoyment Whets Desire. 
 
 The Senses in Yf Charms enjoy 
 
 A Sweet but short Repast, 
 But oh, Yr. Mind can never cloy 
 
 The Soul's eternal Feast ! 
 
 By Time your beauty will decay, 
 
 Yf Mind improves with Years ; 
 As when the Blossomes fade away, 
 
 The Rip'ning Fruit appears. 
 
 May Heav'n & Sylvia grant my Suit, 
 
 And bless each future hour, 
 That Damon who can taste the fruit 
 
 May Gather Evry Flow'r. 
 
 In the Poetical Works are two sets of verses, one called 
 Garrick's Answer to the other, an invitation by Chatham 
 to Garrick as the 
 
DAVID GARRICK 133 
 
 " immortal spirit of the stage, 
 Great nature's proxy, glass of every age," 
 
 to visit him at his country seat in Devonshire, Mt. 
 Exlgecumbe.' Garrick's lines were, however, written 
 first, then, apparently, Chatham's;'' and finally, it would 
 seem, the verses now printed for the first time. 
 
 TO LORD CHATHAM COMING INTO 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 Pass to Mount Edgecumbe, Chatham, there you '11 find, 
 
 A Place w^ell suited to y^ Mighty Mind ! 
 
 O'er Hills & Vales & Seas, the lordly Land, 
 
 With boundless View exerts supreme Command, 
 
 Whether in stormy Majesty It towr's ! 
 
 Or charms the Soul w^J^ Pleasure's calmer Pow'rs [,] 
 
 All from below to Its Superior Heights, 
 
 Look up with Awe, with Wonder, & delight ! 
 
 On the same sheet are four lines of epigram contrast- 
 ing this visit to Mt. Edgecumbe with a visit of Gar- 
 rick to Warwick Castle in 1768. He had been pressed 
 to pass a week en famille at the Castle, but when he 
 went he was "shown the curiosities like a common 
 traveller, treated with chocolate, and dismissed di- 
 rectly." 
 
 1 Poetical Works of David Garrick, ii, 525-26. 
 
 2 A copy of the Poetical Works now belonging to the editor of these 
 letters, but once the property of the late Justin Winsor, who at one 
 time planned to write a life of Garrick, bears this correction in Mr. 
 Winsor's hand. 
 
134 LETTERS OF 
 
 'T is true, as they say, that to Death from our birth 
 Good, & Evil are ballanc'd to Mortals on Earth, 
 For the debt that was due from y^ Castle of Warwick 
 With Int'rest is paid by Alount Edgecumbe to Garrick. 
 
 Garrick seems to have been given to writing lines on 
 pictures of himself, and one set is to Lord Mansfield, 
 who was among the earliest of his distinguished friends. 
 
 UPON LORD MANSFIELD DESIRING MY 
 PICTURE. 
 
 My greedy Ear when vain, & young. 
 Devoured the plaudits of y^ throng : 
 When the Same Coin to those was paid. 
 Whom Nature'' s Jou^jieyman had madcy 
 My Judgment rip'ning with my Years, 
 My heart gave way to doubts, & fears. 
 Till He who asking grants a favor, 
 Mansfield^ has fix'd me Vain for Ever ! 
 Mansfield^ whose censure or whose praise, 
 That of whole Theatres outweighs : 
 By ev'ry mark of favor grac'd, 
 I, in Fame's temple shall be plac'd ! 
 Superior Minds from Death retrieve 
 A favor'd Name, & bid it live ; 
 Great Merit stands alone, but small 
 Will with its Patron rise or fall. 
 'T is not a proof of Tully's power, 
 That Roscius has surviv'd this hour. 
 The Pla^r tho not to Tully known. 
 Had liv'd by Merits of his own ; 
 
GARRICK LATE IN LIFE 
 
' 'i\''>\f W ' W " ^n^^W 'WW**^'"'\\ "^ l "^ly-^f'^f^li "^y"<^y < \.' ' 
 
y 
 
DAVID GARRICK 135 
 
 But what must be our Tully's claim, 
 Whose favor gives to Garrick Fame ? ' 
 
 In the autumn of 1766, apparently, Garrick sent 
 M. Favart, of the Theatre Francais, his picture, for on 
 the ninth of January, 1767, Favart acknowledged the 
 gift, writing, in part, as follows : * 
 
 '' Apropos, si je ne vous savois pas indulgent, je 
 croirois que vous etes fache contre moi, pour ne vous 
 avoir pas encore remercie du present que vous m'avez 
 fait ; c'est un des plus agreables que j' aye jamais recus. 
 Voici I'epigraphe que j'ai mise au bas de portrait de 
 notre cher Garrick. 
 
 PLURES IN UNO. 
 
 Les vers suivans expriment ma pensee. 
 En lui seul on voit plusieurs hommes. 
 Lui seul nous offre les tableaux 
 De mille et mille originaux, 
 Tant des siecles passes que du siecle o^ nous sommes. 
 
 Les ridicules, les erreurs 
 Sont traces d'apres eux par ce Peintre fidele, 
 Mais pour representer I'honnete homme et ses moeurs, 
 
 II n'a pas besoin de modele. 
 
 En recevant ce charmant portrait, je vous avouerai 
 qu'il m'a fallu quelques momens pour en demeler la 
 
 1 This is signed " Garrick" in pencil. The signature is probably not 
 authentic. 
 
 2 Private Correspondence, ii, 502. 
 
136 LETTERS OF 
 
 ressemblance, et mon incertitude a donne lieu a ces au- 
 tres vers. 
 
 Est-ce toi, cher Garrick ? et Part de la peinture 
 
 Offre-t'-il h. mes yeux le Roscius Anglois ? 
 Tu changes a ton gre de forme et de figure ; 
 
 Mais ton coeur ne change jamais. 
 Si I'artiste efit pu rendre avec des traits de flamme 
 
 L'amitie, la franchise, et I'amour du bienfait, 
 Esprit, gout, sentimens, genie . . . enfin ton Sme, 
 
 J'aurois reconnu ton portrait." 
 
 Some signed verses in the Leigh Collection are 
 evidentiy Garrick' s reply to these compliments from 
 Favart. 
 
 VOILA MES VERS. 
 
 The Picture Friendship sent, to Friendship due, 
 May not the critick Eye, with rapture strike ; 
 
 But this, Favart, thy partial fondness drew, 
 Not vanity will whisper it is like. 
 
 But why for Afe thy choicest Colours blend .'* 
 The first of Actors, best of Mortals paint.!* 
 
 Let Fancy sleep, & Judgment place thy friend, 
 Far from a Genius, further from a Saint. 
 
 I feel the danger of thy Syren Art, 
 
 Struck with a Pride till now I never knew ; 
 
 Sooth not the folly of a Mind and heart. 
 Which boast no Merit but the Love of you. 
 
 The reverse of the sheet containing these lines shows 
 the following French version, signed D G. , — with this 
 
DAVID GARRICK 137 
 
 postscript, "N. B. Notre ami La Place peut vous don- 
 ner une traduction excellente. Faite-lui mille Compli- 
 menspour moi." 
 
 Si dans mon Portrait cher favart 
 Ton Esprit suspendu chercha la ressemblance, 
 Penses-tu que celui qu'a dessine ton Art, 
 Doit, pour I'exactitude avoir la preference. 
 
 Ton aveugle amitie, des plus belles couleurs 
 
 Peint le Meilleur des Coeurs, le premier des Acteurs, 
 
 Chasse une Illusion qui m'est trop favorable, 
 
 Vols ton Ami d'un Oeil plus sain : 
 II est loin d'etre un genie admirable. 
 
 Plus loin encore d'etre un Saint. 
 
 Je sens trop le danger de ton Art Enchanteur, 
 Tu portes dans mon Ame un Orgeuil seducteur, 
 
 Mais ma Vanite raisonable 
 Me montre le seul point en quoy Je suis louable, 
 C'est d'aimer tes talents et d'estimer ton Coeur. 
 
 On the last page of the sheets containing the next 
 set of verses is this message to the Duke de Nivernois, 
 who was on very friendly terms with Garrick when 
 Ambassador Plenipotentiary to England in 1763 to 
 negotiate conditions of peace in the Seven Years' War: 
 ' ' If the Duke of Nivernois has the pleasure of knowing 
 M^ Horace Walpole, M^ Garrick will take it as a great 
 favour, if his Grace would shew the Ode to Him, as he 
 promis'd a friend of M' Walpole to send it to him at 
 
138 LETTERS OF 
 
 Paris " — The verses are in behalf of Alexander Schom- 
 berg, brother of the lifelong friend of Garrick, Dr. 
 Schomberg. He seems to have been a somewhat devil- 
 may-care person. The lines were written before Septem- 
 ber, 1767, for on the fourth of that month Charles 
 Townshend died. 
 
 DAVID GARRICK 
 
 TO 
 
 THE RIGHT HON«P CHARLES TOWNSHEND 
 
 IN BEHALF OF CAPTAIN SCHOMBERG. 
 
 I. 
 
 If true that as the Wit is great, 
 
 The Mem'ry 's in proportion small ; 
 
 Ask Him, or Her, the first You meet, 
 They '11 swear that You have none at all. 
 
 2. 
 
 This fact premis'd, — shall I once doubt, 
 
 Again to urge my former suit .'' 
 
 A thousand Grains are blown about, 
 
 For one that happily takes root. 
 
 3- 
 
 Imagination like the Wind, 
 
 Lets not the seeds of kindness rest ; 
 
 But tho they 're scatter'd from your mind, 
 They fall, & settle in Your breast. 
 
MRS. GARRICK AT 97 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
^^m 
 
DAVID GARRICK 139 
 
 4- 
 To humble tasks your heart will bend, 
 
 To feel neglected Worth submit, 
 And there will Schomberg find a friend, 
 
 Benevolent, in spite of Wit. 
 
 5- 
 But how for one so wild provide, 
 
 For one so helpless what relief ? 
 O Sooth his Mis'ry thro' his pride, 
 
 And raise him to an Indian Chief ! 
 
 6. 
 
 Send Him where oft he fought, & bled. 
 
 Again to cross th' Atlantic Sea ; 
 To Tomahawk, and Wampum bred. 
 
 He 's more than half a Cherokee ! 
 
 7- 
 Make him the Tyrant of a fort ; 
 
 He '11 Ask no more of You, & fate ; — 
 Surrounded by his Scalping Court, 
 
 What Monarch would be half so great ! 
 
 8. 
 
 'T is there his Genius will surprise, 
 
 Create Love, awe, & Veneration ! 
 In England lost, He there may rise. 
 
 The Toivnshend of a savage Nation ! 
 
140 LETTERS OF DAVID GARRICK 
 
 It is certainly remarkable that a collection made orig- 
 inally solely for purposes of extra-illustrating should 
 contain' so little of unimportance, and even more remark- 
 able that so small a collection as that of Mr. Leigh — 
 some seventy-five manuscripts — should rectify certain 
 impressions about Garrick's relations with Lady Bur- 
 lington ; throw light on the earlier part of his friendship 
 with John Hoadley ; reveal a friendship of his last days 
 the closeness of which has hitherto been unsuspected 
 — that with Miss Cadogan; go far to justify his treat- 
 ment of Home's Douglas; prove that he was really 
 thinking seriously in 1765 of withdrawing from the 
 stage ; and in more than one instance so fill gaps in the 
 Private Correspondence as to make letters printed therein 
 much clearer and more significant. Above all, as a set, 
 the Leigh Collection shows how perfectly the lines apply 
 to Garrick of the ' ' god of his idolatry, ' ' Shakespeare : 
 
 " I never yet saw man, 
 How wise, how noble, young, how rarely f eatur'd. 
 But Spleen would spell him backward." 
 
 C^^ 
 
-■PHA/RY, 
 
 RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT 
 TOm^ 202 Main Library 
 
 LOAN PERIOD 1 
 HOME USE 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 
 
 1 -month loans may be renewed by calling 642-3405 
 
 6-month loans may be recharged by bringing books to Circulation Desk 
 
 Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date 
 
 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW 
 
 MAY 6 1977 * 
 
 1 
 
 
 Jf"^^ 
 
 REC.CIR-MAY 3*80 
 
 
 iBi,m, m 1 1 
 
 78 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,., ■\9^W78 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 uiz- c-:rL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MAR <' i9Sn 
 
 
 
 FORM NO DD 6 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 
 
 BERKELEY, CA 94720 
 
BERKELEY LIBRARIES 
 
 CD3ST3Tlia 
 
 r 
 
 1GB484 
 
 >* 
 
 T i :^ 
 
 t-{^''...<^,.