THE BEING AN IHPBOVED SYSTEM OF SHORT-HAND BASED UPON THE SPOKEN SOUNDS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGK AND ADAPTED TO VERBATIM REPORTING BY THE REV. JAMES WILLIAMS, PONTYPEIDD. For Twelve Tears a, Teacher of Pitman's Phonography. / ^ Second Edition Price Ninepence. PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOB. LONDON : ELLIOT STOCK, 02 PATEBNOSTEB BOW. MANCHESTKE : JOHN HEYWOOD, 143 DEANBGATE. ifOB ABBOAD: TKUBNEB & co., LUDGATE OTLE, IONDOW. 1878. [Eutered at Stationers' Hall.] *^y &^~*^fc*'. THE (I BEING AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF SHORT-HAND BASED UPON THE SPOKEN SOUNDS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND ADAPTED TO VERBATIM REPORTING BY THE EEV. JAMES WILLIAMS, PONTYPEIDD. For Twelve Years a Teacher of Pitman's Phonography. Second Edition Price Ninepence. PUBLISHED BY THE AITTHOR. LONDON: ELLIOT STOCK, 62 PATKRNOSTEK ROW. MANCHESTER: JOHN HEYWOOI>, 113 DEANSOATE. FOE AllliOAD: THUBXEE.Sc CO., LUDGATE HLLL, LONDON. 1878. [Entered at Stationers' Hall.] PREFACE. 1. The all -wise and benevolent Creator has not only dignified mail with a mind to think and a heart to feel, but has also endowed him with the power of language, by means of which he can readily convey his sentiments to others. But whilst speech is at breathing ease, our common mode of writing is slow and tedious to the last degree, and altogether at variance with the speed of the present age. For instance, we can. utter the sound of "M' r with one impulse of the voice, but it requires six movements Qf the pen to write it ! It thus takes six hours to write that which is delivered in one. The words, enter, edijii-ation, can only be written after the pen has made 35 movements ! But in Alethogra- phy they can be written with only nix movements-; thus, e~ /-* The number of strokes does not, in this case, exceed the number of syllables. This is doubtless the true and natural method of writ- ing. Hence our reason for venturing to call the present system by the new name AfctMgraphy. The term is derived from two Greek words, namely, ALETHES, tru-e, real, and GKAPHO, ton-rite, and hence it means, True Writing, or The True Method of Writing, in opposition to the Roman method, which, everyone now acknowledges, is false, as far as it regards the sounds of our language. 2. This system is based upon the spoken sounds. And hence all words are written as they are pronounced. In arranging our alphabet, we have endeavoured to secure the necessary speed, Without endangering legibility ; for rapidity in writing would be of but very little purpose without clearness in reading. Signs that might, during rapid reporting be written out of the right slope, such as ) for"^ are given to sounds approaching each other, t, and if we curtail it in like manner, we get r or i a mere undotted i. We must therefore seek for no aid from our time-honoured alphabet in the construction of a Brief System of Writing. THE ALETHOGHAPHIC ALPHABET. 6. Out of the twenty-four consonantal sounds, there are, at least, about sixteen that bear such a close relation to each other as to admit of being arranged together as pairs. For instance, let the pairs A, d ; /;, It ; k, ff/.be carefully sounded, and it will be perceived that the sounds in each pair are the same, excepting that the first is light, and the second heavy. They should be so represented in writing. We can best represent these sounds by availing ourselves of the advantages offered by Mathematical Science. We therefore take four light strokes such as these, \]/ and four heavy ones, as, \|/' Hence we get eight simple letters. We may also take the quarter of-a circle, and make curved lines, either way, in the same directions as the above straight lines ; thai in the direction of we get either N ' or <^~x ; in the slope of "\ we have either V^ or ~>v ; in the upright stroke | , ( or ) ; in the slope of / , /^~ or _J This gives us eight more light characters, and by making them heavy, thus, x^ /~*^ ^_ "~> ( ) f~ J , we get eight more to represent the cor- responding heavy sounds. We have thus twenty-four simple signs for the consonantal sounds. .They are positive in direction, and simple in form. 7. We can again obtain our vowel signs by making short strokes, only one-fifth as long; thus, -\*' light, and -*" heavy; and by dividing a small circle, horizontally and perpendicularly, we get ., n c ilitjhf, amly A ca heavy. We have thus simple signs lor our vowel sounds. 1056^ THE ALETHOGEAPHIC ALPHABET. CONSONANTS. Letter. Sign. Name. Power. Letter. Sign. Name. Power. 1 T / tee as in tin. Sh ^or $t8h 3 in iAall I D / dee deed Zh ^ zhee vmon < P 1 pee pope Th V_ ith thin V B 1 lee *afe Th V^ thee thou K \ bay jfceep "F 1 *tf fife * G \ gay #as V X-^orC svee vine v^y N en nine L ^ el law s-> Ng __ ing sowy E yor^. ^4T ray hay Aear Do S C or o ess see W i way was z C or o ez zeal Y ^_ yay yes & / Ch ) chay chair S J ) jay /am SIMPLE VOWELS. Heard Long and Sliort in the given words. LONG. SHORT. AW ATT A E O 00 a e i 00 c 1 . i" i \ ^ C | t t - " J $nv>* COMMON DIPHTHONGS. v| ^ A| J I as in 'tf, OI as in 0^7, 0"W * e if s orJJ jtf TO LEARX THE SOUXDS IS THE FIRST STEP. 8. The pupil should, from the first, try to obtain a clear idea of the nature and sounds of the letters. Owing to the defects of the common alphabet, we have been obliged to represent some simple sounds by digraphs, as aw, oo, ny, c/i, xh, t/i. Yet they should in no instance be called by their old names, such as, ay double-yoo, doubU'-oh, en-jet-, see-niteh, es-aitei , - . hut they must always be pronounced as simple sounds, according to the real powers of the signs, as given in the Alethographic Alphabet, as for instance, in;/, e/i >.<>/, t*/'i, ith, <\r. Tin; wounds could be best obtained through the aid of an oral teacher. In the absence of such, let the pupil call the Shorthand signs by their respective names, as given in the third column, and gather their sounds or powers from the illustrative words iu the other column. For instance, to ascertain the sound ch, pronounce clutir slowly and distinctly, and let the -ksp, \ nsp 14. The same rules apply to the short vowel strokes. They are never joined to, but always separate from the consonant. They should be made about one-fifth the size of the consonantal signs. When w sound precedes any vowel, it is shown by prefixing a email circle on the left hand, thus, Q -tea, a- we ; and a y sound by a similar circle on the opposite, or riyltt hand side, thus, p ya. TO LEAEN THE SIGNS, OB ALPHABET. lo. The principal difficulty in acquiring Shorthand, is to re- member the signs, and to write them in their proper inclinations with neatness and precision. If 'the pupil should iiud his first at- tempts unsatisfactory, let him not be discouraged. Practice will soon make the work both easy and pleasant. He should, from the very commencement, aim at .-<<> ./<>/, and not rapidity. To secure this desirable object, let iian faithfully carry out the fol- lowing plan: EXERCISE 1. Write slowly into a ruled Copy Book all the signs of the Alpha- bet twenty times, according to the Alethcgraphic Alphabet, always pronouncing the sound as you write its sign; thus, // | J \\ &c EXERCISE 2. Write the alphabet in another way. Learn thoroughly two letters at a time. Write them in pairs, taking care to make the first light, and the second heriry, and observe their inclination. Begin'with the pair t, d, // // &c. Repeat through the line from twenty to thirty times. Then commence with the pair p, b, j J j j Repeat through the line, and so on, until you have gone through all the alphabet. The vowels should be written out in the same manner. This practice should be continued every day until the whole can be correctly written in about sixteen seconds. When writing the heavy curves, observe that they are shaded only in the middle, and taper off towards each end. EXERCISE 3. [Xame the following C...i.>oij;n:ts ;ih.! Y;r,, THE METHOD OF JOIXIXG THE STGXS. 1R. All the signs in a word should be joined together without taking the pen off the paper, the second commencing at the point where the first ends, and the third continued from the end of the second : thus, ^v/ not V7 for late. When straight consonants are repeated, there should be no break, thus, / 1 1. When a curved consonant is repeated, you should repeat / the curve, thus /-^-^//, x_A^y//, ^/~ mm. In writing a word, the con- sonantal outline, or skeleton, is first written, and afterwards the vowels are filled according to the rule ; thus, lad **~f not ^-^ 17. When an outline contains two or more strokes in depth, the first generally rests xjmi the line, the others are below. When one consonant is a horizontal, and the other a descender, the first is commenced above, the line, and the second ends on the line, thus, .., ..., HOW TO SPELL IX SHORTHAXD. 1 S. The great Rule in writing is to use only such letters as are necessary to express th' 1 xmtntt : tln.t is, every word must be written, not according to the letters, but according to the pronunciation. If therefore the pupil is uncertain ns to the correct pronunciation of :my word, he should, ere he attempts to write it in Shorthand, consult some pood Pronouncing Dictionary, like Messrs. Collins* "Pocket Dictionary:" or, boys in school mav procure "The Eng- lish Dictionary" through !M>*sif. O-onhaud & Son, 39Bedford-st., London, orthrough any I5or>V<.>ller, at the small cost of \d. This rule of writing by sound teaches us then to omit all silent letters, eagh in. fight, rifkt, thwrih : /in en tin, ?> in lamb. These words are written thus,' according to their sounds, ^ fight, -^ right, \z_though, ^(calm, ^f lamb. HOW TO PLACE THE VOWELS. 19. When a Vowel is sounded before a consonant, as in a/H, file, its sign must bo written either on the left hand side of a des- cending consonant, or on the upper side of a horizontal one ; thus, */ ^^ But when a Vowel is sounded after a consonant, as in do, no, its sign must be placed either on the right hand side of a descending consonant, or below a horizontal one ; thus, / n - The diphthongs follow precisely the same rule. The learner must try to understand and apply this rule, as it is of great importance. But when two vowels of different sounds meet together in a word, as in dial, one must be placed to each ; thus. /V^ The best place for the vowel is about the middle of the consonant. A VOWEL BETWEEN TWO CONSONANTS. 20. When a Vowel comes between two consonants, as in keep, it is possible to write it either afterihejirst, or bejore the second ; thus, X or /) the meaning being the same in both cases. But in order to secure uniformity amongst shorthand writers, the fol- lowing rule must be observed LONG VOWELS are written after the first consonant. SHOET VOWELS are written before the second consonant ; thus, ^^| reap, ^\ rip, (^_ mane, (7 men. An observance of this rule secures at once a clear distinction be- tween Long and Short Vowels, apart from their being written h ear i/ and light. Vowels sounded before a consonant are written thus Y at, '/aid, y cat, [ ape, \acJie, -lan,]^aim, ^ oath, ^ eve, >ix ale. Vowels sounded after a consonant are written thus / tea, / day, J. pay, \ go, _- neigh, <; so, EXERCISE 4. [Read the following.] v \^.'-v^l v"^-^, V- (' ^ v / -7 / w. >, ^ EXERCISE 5. [Turn the following consonants into Shorthand.] 1. t n, n t, up, p n, tin, rat, ns, km, mk. 2. nm, mn, nf, fn, hs, Ip, pi, fv, fl. 3. 1 1, p L, t p, k sh, six th, tli sh, s z, ch s, s eh. 4. 1th, thl, fr, rl, 1 r, rt, t r. 21. The following are the principal combinations in English. They are therefore very important. They must be mastered some*- how. It is better to overcome the difficulty at once, by adopting the following plan, than, to blunder for months with such simple combinations. Let the following exercises be carefully and faithfully converted into Shorthand, and then the student will soon find himself beyoud the difficulty. EXERCISE 6. 22. Write all the Lotiy Vowels in their order after each conso- nant, excepting iig and zh. To effect this, write into your Copy Book six Ts, then six Ds, and again six Ps, and so on, writing each letter of the alphabet six times over. This will give 22 series of sixes, or 132 consonant strokes. Then place the Long Vowels in their order to each series of six, pronouncing the syllables as you write them ; thus / / / / A / / / / /< A / |c |, |. |, | % |n |c |, |. |, ^ I. \ \ \ X \ \ &c. Go on thus with n, w, s, z, excepting //, , and y. EXEECISE 12. Join all the letters of the alphabet in their order after the sylla- ble /e taw, thus, throughout the alphabet. Then join them after I, pa, \^ ka t -7- na, consecutively, excepting A, w, and y. EXERCISE 13. Join all the letters of the alphabet in their order after the sylla- bles (7~ may, (( see, }\ cho, consecutively, excepting A, w, y. EXEBCISE 14. Join all the letters of the alphabet, in order, after the syllables \_ thoo, ^>', \^ loiv, consecutively, excepting A, w, and y. EXERCISE 15. Join the consonants in their order. Begin with / t ; let each consonant be written after it; thus, Then write them after / d, and so on throughout the series. EXERCISE 16. 23. Write in Shorthand, two or three pages every day, out of either of the following books, for one month, taking care to aim at accuracy rather than speed : ' ' The Fi rst Class Heading Book," price Id., published by the S. S. Union, 56 Old Bailey, London ; "First Reading Lessons," (Part I.) price 1 kd., published by Messrs Simpkin, Marshall it Co., London; 'jFirst Progressive English Reading Book," !'., published by Mr John Hey wood, 143 Deans- fite, Manchester; "First Book of Reading," Ucf., by Messrs. W. R. Chambers, Edinburgh ; or CasselPs "Meietoii," would suit well. These books may be obtained, either direct from the pub- lishers, by return of post, or through any local bookseller on a few days' notice. EXEECISE 17. Write all the Long Vowels and Diphthongs before all the con- sonants, thus, c/ c/ | =| &c. through the series. Then begin with . d, as, / / 'I 'I &c. Go through the series. Next, begin with . a, as, / / [ *| &c. Do the same with e t o t oo, and Diphthongs, consecutively. 11 EXERCISE 18. 24. Place the small circle for w.or y, before all the Long and Short Vowels, and thus form the //' and 1" series. Then write the sign / t after each. [ Tht preceding Exercisesare written in Shorthand in the "Header'' f price Sd.j not in full, but only to such an extent as to enable the pupil to t/aiii tin. idea of the plan. He sitotdd complete each Hxerciae which has been commenced therein.] EXEECISE 19. [Turn the following into Shorthand.] Make good use of your time, for when it is once gone, it is gone for ever. Be wise and good. Bead good books. Now is the best time, for the Lord says : I love them that love me, aiid they that seek mo early shall find me. Get, that you may give, and fail not to give when you have got. COXSOXAXTAL DIPHTHOXGS. 25. There is in English a variety of combinations consisting of r or I being preceded by a stronger letter, such as T, JJ, J\ Ji, A", or G, as heard iii pray, pl<(>/, ;/rou; fflow, $c. The letters pr, pi, {/>; ///, are so blended together as to be uttered with one impulse of the voice. They are therefore called C'o/tnii/t/^ or c^fr, i^ or tr^ IT. L hook on the rif/lit hand, thus > a > (ii n i n n t /. 12 FINAL TR, till, THR. 26. When the compounds of R occur at the end of words, they are expressed by a larye Jiital hook, always written on the opposite side of an initial hook of a straight letter; thus, < '\) f/rcater ; bu> v always inside of curves, as G setter. S is added by a small circle inside the hook, as (3 setters. TRIPHTHONGS. 27. When S precedes the .diphthongal sounds of the E or L series, they are called Triphthongs. The &-r series are expressed by an initial loop on the R side of straight letters ; thus, / stray, but inside of curves, us, ^, stream. The hyphen means a conso- nant place. The o' Na V~ EXERCISE 21. [Turn the following into Shorthand.] Pray, prow, try, dry, draw, crow, grow, gray, pauper, taper, reaper, keeper, maker, draper, nitre, flaw, lly, name, clay, clean, glow, glue, glide, play, blame, stay, people, pupil, little, stray, street, spray, sprout, stream, scream, disgrace, display, pastry, supply, subscribe. WEITING EXERCISES. Let each outline as it occurs in the following Exercises be writ- ten, into your Copy Book, one dozen times at least, taking care to pronounce the word as you write its outline. The pupil should also add other illustrations. DUPLICATES FOR M, N, F, V, S, $c. 28. According to convenience in joining, the above letters may be written in two different ways either by their alphabetical, or extra forms. EXERCISE 22. 29. M. final may be indicated either by a small final hook on the . left hand side of straight letters, as J. tame, Ji palm, \j came, -~> nams ; or by double-length curves, as \' chime, ream. / < shame, \t theme, 13 30. JV Jinfl is indicated by a small final liwik on the right hand side of sti-oight letters, and inside of curves, as ^ ten, j; pen, \ cane, J' cli in, \^ thin. 31. F, y, are expressed by joining either e or 3 to the preceding consonant, as ^^ life, / deaf; but the semicircle should be t/iicfcoiflfor V, as ^~T^Hve, ^Ttjive, $v dive. 3'2. S, '/.. By a small circle [ ] written on the opposite side of an initial hook, to preserve the straightness of the letter, as x t>' ( <'js, ^> < ' '-'' When there is no initial hook, a vowel may be implied by wilting the circle on the vowel side, as J apes, \, pace, N, aches, \, ease ; instead of ^j { ^i> \* Th* 8 rule is also applicable to the double circle [ Q ] for St. These cir- cles may be usod either initially, medially, or finally, as \ sake, Vi task, J n ice. EXERCISE 23. 33. ST. By a double-size circle [ O ] , as O\stick, (3 post, & ,st ; but when a vowel follows, use /> , asV^ lusty, '^Jo crusty 34. STIfbyc^, as J^ tester, /T^^/aster, xtf" waster, but when a vowel comes after, use ? , as J pastry, J destroy. /> 7" 1 35. ^4 Second S may be added by stroke and circle, or circle and stroke, as (j cease, -\_ sffys. Also a second S may be added either by continuing the circle through the previous consonant, as j pieces, L^Q. tenses, /TC faces, JQ posts, ^3 costs,' or by join- ing the circle to c5~'~, as /^j" masters. WIIEX TO USE THE EXTRAS. .36 The following rule regulates the use of the #.r?ms for J/, JV, .F, I', S, Si, Sfr : Use the extras wheuever either of them is the last letter in a word, as ^ Tom, # tin, ^rref, ^ dove. But when a vowel follotrs either of them at the end of a word, use the alphabetical forma, as fr Tommy, rjiny, /i^defy,t ox!, >>/. A vowel can thus be implied, without writing it. }~'. T, J>, Uit///it as, J<&ir reconcile, ^[^ ir- recompense. 54 CIKCUM o-^ as, ^^> circumstance, of cireum- spect, 55 IXTER, IXTEO, USDEK, cr as, ^ interest, ^ in- troduce, cP- understand, 56 MAGX'I /^" as, ^X, magnify, fLC* maynammom. 57 THAXS o as-, o v translate, ^ tnin.fjjow, ^ trans- mute. 58 Pfc-c nation; or by the sign for "o," namely \ joined to the preceding consonant ; as,v.-A lotion, ^ addition. The plural form in "s" may be formed either by en- larging the loop to two-thirds the size of the conso- nant; as, /^fashions, ^missions, or by adding a circle to " \ " as, ^^ lot tons. 1 S-TION, by <*, joined to preceding consonant, as Jk position. 62 CTION, by intersecting the preceding consonant with \ or / as, ^* election, section. 63 CATTON,by intersecting the preceding consonant with "^ or , as, r + provocation, ^, justification. 64 AEITY, ERITY, IRTTY, by intersecting the pre- ceding consonant ; as, |/|' barbarity, % prosperity. 65 SELF e SEL\T:S e joined, as,<^* herself ,^ our- selves. 66 MEXTAL-ITY c_ as, ^^ fundamental. PHRASES. EXERCISE 28. 67. Several words may often be joined together. The signs \f A for " I " may be contracted in phrases ; as s*-s- I-will-not, w_ I-liave-not, S\j I-am-to-be-there, ^ tee-are, n.J tee-were, ~ and-the, Ji it-is-not. HOW TO IMPLY VOWELS. 68. It is impossible to insert many vowels when Reporting, but they may be implied by writing all words that contain either aw, % am> lnm ^ may -> ^ firm,/?-om / do, day, WOULD C might, made /-^ o 5 have / difficulty different ( us ,~ SO)Sfe) USB s ' well, iv ill /. advaiitage,advent! ,- 1 ! (n Scripture *> behold, u-orld _^J where, 6Y v ?Y',YOUE by, be, TO BE ( % was > n i N -.1-1 J heart, > 1 breach, < m- ) ea.cti,u'/ncn J word, Lori, &-, BBETHEEN ) religion, age, JOY ^^ are, o> - , OUE \ can, come "^ shall, she, SHOW (^ high, Ae, ^^ \ COULD ^SQ Christ V^_ thankful, thank- " away, ice n_ want, went *\ according giving, ^v^th, THINK i g u ye, you \ ago, gave, GIVE V thought, through- \ God, GOOD out 1 an, a \ great V_ thy, they, though A V I iigh-> *'w, V^ that, ivithout \ of, on and, not V them / / the c nor, near Q_ there, THEIR o has, as, his, is c_mind, meant, AMOUNT ^3 thus, this n when, we c~ under, enter \^ thine, than, then c all, but nothing, thing ^ if, for 3 heaven, even EXERCISE 29. Let the pupil now purchase? "The First Class Heading Book," price Id., published by the S. S. Union, Old Bailey, .London, and write into a ruled Copy Book, all the words into their proper posi- tioneither above, on, or through the line as directed in Sec. 68. The modes of abbreviation already explained in pages 11 to 15, as L 17 well as the Word Signs, should now be used. The repetitions found in the Book will tend to impress the outlines all the more upon the memory. ABBEEVIATED PRONOUNS. 68. The pronoun 1 and you should be shortened in Phraseog- raphy by writiug only one stroke of the v A or L thus, \f~ 2 dm, /^.s L will, \x"x I have, >.<_^ you will, j_J you were, is' you are, f~~ you may, /^ you have, "*\ you shall. The pronoun we ' may also be abbreviated thus, [ - ] before will, may, as -^/ we will, J~~ ice may. 69. The connective phrase of the may be indicated by prox- imity, as Vc^part of the home, {^ /. man of the day. 70. The article the [ " /] may be written by either an up or a down stroke, thus, 7 in the, /-v' for the, > of the, V, with the, / to the. CONTEACTED WOEDS. OFFICE TERMS. LIST 1. Administrators .J central c- Gentlemen ^_ Bankruptcy J court \x or *\ Justice ^ beneficial | circumstance ^-Q Learned breach | circumstantial / lordship -^ creditor oo Defendant / j Magistrate Q criminal^ documentary f Political P counccl \ D Evidence s\ D parliament L^-^ company ] ecclesiastical ^ plenipotentiary P chambers \ executors \Q plaintiff 2, commerce s^ exchequer cX prisoner I chancellor } p Financial s~^^ prosecution ^ THEOLOGICAL TERMS. LIST 2. Believe f Glory ious ^ New Testament ~Z Church *) gospel \> Providence ' ^ ceremonial ^/ Inspiration [/ purposes {/ catholic \ Israel ( protestant Q character \o Justification ^) Righteousness ^) covenant \^^ Member /" Tabernacle n Evangelical ^ Nonconformist >->> n transubstantiation L GENERAL TERMS. LIST 3. Arbitration /ti dissatisfaction p Kingdom \ abundant j_ + J distribute tioner y Proportionate n Disrespectful -,/-? Establishn^t ) promise [ disadvantage f> expenditure peculiar L distinguish ,-^L extraordinary y Reform ^2^ discharge ^ Intelligent. ~^~s Unexpectedly ^p PHRASES. The letters forming a Phrase may be written a little larger than usual in order to lessen the risk of confounding single words with Phrases; thus, [_ be not, would not then clash with L bent. OFFICE PHRASES. LIST 4. Act of Parliament \*~* \ Central Criminal Court \\ i 9 Beneficial interest [ ^p I circumstantial evidence X_o County Court y r \ Common Law v_x Couucel for the defendant \ Councel for the defence Co Deed of Trust documentary evidence \. Ecclesiastical Court \ I Heirs, executors, ad- mit i_o j ministralurs, or assigns' icel for the plaintiff ^ P j L j Joint Stock Company Court of Chancery v} Y Justice of the Peace Cr b Court of Justice Leamed Councel for the prisoner at a - the bar ^ LEGAL PHRASES. LIST 5. By me at any time rZ/''" From time to time for the benefit of A S\ my childreu^^ II O In proportion n Now this indenture l^ wituesseth 'U Real and personal^/^ 9 ^ Signed, sealed, and CL ^T delivered / sole execut - O f ^\o this my last will This is the last will Wfi_x7 and Testament > Know all men ~~^^_^ THEOLOGICAL PHRASES. LIST G. At the last day Lf ;;t I'm' right hand of God ^^ Believe in Christ^ Children of God ^ children of Israel <~t ^ Christian brethren -1 Glorious Gospel of dv Jesus Christ > God's Grace V^ Justification by faith J~^> Resurrection of the dead licliginus sects ' {<"" 1 strung, 2 strong, Jn,l general, 2 generation, 3 join jnt, 1 gentleman, 2 gentlemen Zh, 1 pleasure, 2 usual Fi, 1 after, 2 of ten, fate, 3 foot f-lhr,^,l father, 2 if there, f- Lt, 1 light, 2 late, 3 allowed i-tr, 1 alter, 2 letter, 3 loiter t, 1 heart, right, 2 rode, 3 rude rd, 1 word, 2 lord, world r-tr, 1 writer, 2 order 1 are, 2 ray,3remark rt, 1 write, 2 rate Ht, lhad, hid, hit JF, 1 we had, 2 wait wnt, 1 want, 2 went, 3 wound wh, Iwhy, 2 whether Fl yonder, 2 ye ys 2 use, useful 71. Whenever an S bey ins or ends a word, it is best to use the circle, as c~ sm, \ sake, { jjace. The *fr-0e S should, as a rule, be reserved for words that either begin or end with a vowel, as *( ace, (f see. 72. When two separate vowels are used, the one which is read first is written on the upper or left-hand side of the other, as, tylota, ^Messiah. 73. The Welsh LI is represented by ^^ , as V Llan. 74. An Accented Vowel can be indicated by writing it to touch the sign to which it relates, as V advance. LD 75. Figures may be expressed, either in the ordinary way, or as fol- lows, with dashes -2- placed over them to distinguish such from words. 1234567 89 Units / | \ r ( ) ^- o Hundreds n u Thousands c 3 Millions (J n Billions (/ /) thus, 20, 30, 200 300,000, 4,000,000, 18 76. PH urination. The Stops are shown in the usual way, l)ii t :i Full Stop must be marked with a cross : thus, x. Capitals JIM- ni:iikct thus, *?r^-S> Wales, and Emphasis, thus, -^ ---- undfi-iicuUi the word, as/. Vtooyood. Question Mark, thus, g EXERCISE 30. Write out the Prefixes and Affixes, repeating each outline throughout the tine, aa directed in.Exercie 2. The pupil should auld other words t.. ;Jif li>t. 22 EXERCISE 31. Write into a ruled Copy Book, the outlines of the Word Signs in page 16. Then subjoin the longhand to each. EXEECISE 32. Write out all the Contracted Outlines. Then subjoin to each the word in longhand. EXERCISE 33. Write out all the shorthand Phrases, then subjoin the longhand. EXERCISE 34. For one month, copy, for an hour daily, the following books into shorthand "Second Reading Book" by Winks and Sons, Leicester, price Id. ; "The Second" and "The Third Book for Beading," price (of both) 3d. published by the S. S. Union, Lon- don. These may be varied with portions from the "Pilgrim's Progress," or any other useful book. EXERCISE 35. Now write out the first two Psalms into Shorthand, leaving each alternate line blank for corrections. Then send the same to the Author of this work, enclosing a stamp for a reply. A Certi- ficate of Merit will be returned if the Exercise be satisfactory. 77. The pupil should now read the Alethograplnc Journal, price 3d. per month, or 3.v. per annum. This is a lithographed Shorthand Magazine, which, if we have enough of subscribers, will be started about January, 1879, with the object of facilitating both reading and writing in Shorthand. Since this Magazine will supply the best outline for each word, it will be of the greatest service to Shorthand pupils. EXERCISE 36. Continue to copy from some book, or books, for an hour daily, until you can write about 50 words per. minute, taking care not to sacrifice accuracy for speed. EXERCISE 37. When the pupil is able to. copy from a book at the rate of 50 words per minute, he should get some little boy to read slowly for an hour daily. Continue to write from his dictation until about 120 words per minute can be written in a readable manner. If a good and interesting book be selected, both the reader and writer will be benefited during the course of practice. EXERCISE 38. All long words that require more than three dashes of the pen should be contracted by leaving out the most unimportant part. Full examples of these will given in "The Reporters' Staff," price 9d., which will be publisb.ed.as soon as we receive 200 subscribers. M EXERCISE 39. The pupil should now embrace every opportunity of taking down Sermons, Lectures, &c. If he should fail during his first attempts let him not be discouraged. Continual practice will give the victory. He should always try to secure complete sen- tences. The average rate of public speaking is about 120 words per minute. An expert hand may, by this system, write as many as 180 words per minute. But this speed requires a long practice, as well as great manual dexterity. The pupil may gain much valuable information from the First Edition of this System, 40 pages, price 9rf. But he should bear in mind that the Alphabet has been designedly changed into its present order, which lessens the work of learning, and yet in- creases speed and legibility. The Second, or present Edition is the standard work. A few copies of the First dition,sa:e still on hand. la conclusion, I would urge upon every student of this useful art, the importance, from first to last, of the words in Shorthand on the Title-page LITE TO GOD AXD YOU SHALL SHINE. PROVERBS 23 19. fin the Learner's Styk.) ^ Vt, f *-, V I' V -7 \ ^ ^ Vi_i__ ECOLESIASTES 11 1. fin the Corresponding Style.) ^o VL i- <(r - ^ : *- Vfc. ^ ^ / ^ 41 . x PSALM 117. fin the Reporting Style.) ^^T^6,A COMPENDIUM OF THE SYSTEM A^'^i #* Snowing how to express various combinations. ALPHABET. B L V M T , I) /fc TD / / tr 7 a X 5 ^n / tm J ft / P B | | pr (] pi p ^n L pm J Pt i KG \\ fa <\ A1 ^ An \, Am \ At \ NNg___ me c wn ^ m a nt M f~ mT(f m\(T zn/^ mm /""~ mi r s z C ( n C / si ( ChJ ) ) chr ^) chl ^ **n^ Mm ) chi ) ThTh'V^ sJtT^-~\ ii*S /tn^ JfaA^ sht ~\ F V ft^ /i- /n^ r^ ft - L v_x- h C^/ ^n^ 7m ^_^ It ^ K J ^* .... U>>^ nn } rt^x H c^- .... 7m e^> hm ex^ At ^ AV L_ wmi-= ?t'm i j wt i_ Y ^_ /m ^r -> 7/t x VOWELS. AW AH A E 00 Short. c f s \ DIPHTHONGS. COMBINATIONS. ncrjj st nJi mnf, wn^ e_ O c- c. ' '">- Tt should l)c ri'inciulicrcd tliat the above hooks can ho attached to the hm, -i/ CoTisonants, tf, //, (j. /, J may bu uttaeLed to any ',)t' tllC fOllSOllilllts.. THE ALETHOG 1 000 020 484 2 PEES I B. T. WILLIAMS, i P., Temple Bar, London. TAEY ; REV. JAMES WILLIAMS, Albert Place, Pontypridd, Glain. THE OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY. To extend the knowledge of Alethography, or Shorthand, by Ling classes, to give iustrud- -hoi-free or for charge. To aid the Sunday School, especially the'J by enabling them to write, in Shorthand, notes and comn God's Word. To secure the mutual improvement of young peo- ple by establishing Evercirculating Magazines. To enable the members of the Society to correspond with eact other in Short- hand. To take down public speeches, &.c. To render writing a pleasure to literary men. CLASSES OF MEMBERS. Class 1. Those who arc well versed in Alethography, and have : a Certificate the Author, and who through the ; or those who are just commencing tho j. Members who approve of the objects of the Society, but do not write Alethography. SUBSCRIPTIONS. Entrance fee 6rf., and an annual subscription of not less than fid due in January. The price of the S i i January. '1 Those who are competent in : : a proof in Alethography, to the Author, will receive a Certificate of com- petency. HOW TO ESTABLISH EVERCIRCTJLAT< > After the pupil has mastered Alethography, some half dozen or more, join to establish a Magaziin provemcut in Shorthand. One is appointed conductor. 1 writes an article and posts it to the second. Tli. HI article and posts it to the third, ! AL, p. r mo; i THE ALETHOGRAPHIC CHART, for Class instruction, 6d. ENVELOPES, WAFERS, &c The above may be had from the Autho: Albert Place, Pontypridd, C /..