'-"Λ- 5^i4JBRARY0r ^t(J\EUNIVER%. lOSAHCnff^ ε y i Ml'©! ^UDNVSm^ ■%10Λ1ΝΠί\ί^^ N"^ '^i?13DNVS01'^ %!»M!iMWV^ ^•UBRARYOa. i^tUBRARYQi -(jAEUNIVERi/A. ^lOSANCflif^ Si XjOFCAUfOei}, ^OFCAUFOS!^ AWEUNIVERi/A ^lOSANCFlfr^ ^OAHVaan^• "^ Ry/4_ ^lOS-ANCElir^ %a3MNIl-3WV ^OFCAllFORto^ ^OFCAllFOi»^ ^mims/;^ ^5!iEI)NIVERy/4 3' ^ ^ ^lOSANCEliTA, ■^aaAiNiiiVkV^ ■^ί)ΰΛΙΝΙ1•3\\ν^ K^tUBRARYQ^. ^OFCAUFOJ?^ ^lUBRARYQf ^OFCAllFORi^ ^OAavaaiii'^ YQr. ^lUBRARYOi ^\WEUNIVERi/^ %1]DNyS0# ^IDSANCElCr^ ■^ΛβϊΛΙΝβ^ν^ ^10SANCEI% ■%a3MNIl-3V^ ^^UBRAfiYiir, ^l-UBRARYQi^ '%03nVDJO'«^ ^OFCAUFOi•^ ^OFCAUFOR^ ^^ - - § ^^iHvaanif^ .5»EUNIVERy/A "i, '%«3ΛΙΝη3\\ν^ BVa -71 ο ^^^ M'^ 'v/Sa3MN(l-3WV I ^•UBRARYQc ^^tUBRARYO^ •^^EUNIVER% ^aOJIlVDJO'^ '^J313DWS01'^ ^lOSANCEltr^ ^/ia3AINn-3ViV^ <:^i-UBRARY^/: «5i>llIBRARY<7/. ^ΙΟΕΜΕΙίζΛ. R% 31^ ■^/Ja3AINa-3WV^ s;" .^;OFCAUFO% ^OFCAllFORto ■^i^avaani^ ^&Aavaanii^ W/:. ^tUBRARYO/. [ .5MEUNIVERy/A ^>:lOSANCElir>. ο , jo^ ^oimiQ"^ <(5i3DNYS0# "^«ajAiNnsftv^ 3?^ ^OFCAUF0%;, .\MEUmVERi/A ^lOSMElir^ ^iUBRARYQc -. 5^1UBRARYQ^ ^OFCADFOff^ ^OFCAUFOP^ ,5jiEUNIVERy/A. ^lOSANCElir. CO ίΜΕΙΙΝίνΕΡί/Λ . -< "%«3ΛΙΝη•3Λν^ ^lOS|ANCEl£f^ ? h© 1^1 fe teT fi^T r^i m ^ 1 ίί"^ k -•^EUNIVERr/A. ^tfOjnVDJO'^^ "<(3133NVS0# ^OFCAIIFOR^ , > ^ - i ^lOSA[ICfl% I ■^/ί«3Λ1Νη•3\\ν^ -fiJtUBRARYQi ^lUBRARYQi. ^0FCA1IF0%, ft ^ IJ J 1 s»> c-> .. . != ^OFCAUFOR^ 4WEUmVER% ^UUDNVSO^^ OS ^OAavaan-i'^ ^J5i3Dnvsoi=^ ^lOSANCElir^ ο " " 39 I ■^Λ83Λ1Ν(13ΐ¥^ ^lOSANCEliTx ■^/ί«3ΛΙΝ(1)\\ν^ ^vMUBRARYi»/;^ ^^lllBRARYO/^ ^OJITVDJb ^OFCAIIFO% ^OFCAllFOff^ ^ ^lUBRARYOc. ^OFCAIIFOff^ ^^10SANCEI% CO f- - -I ^OFCAUFOftij^, ^ "^/iasMNn^wv^ ^•UBRARYO^^ ^lUBRARYO^ § 1 i<— ' ^ ^OFCAUFOR^ ^ THE Λ^ Ο ^ ^ ^ Ο F CALLIMACHUS, \ u THE WORKS Ο F CALLIMACHUS, TRx\NSLATED INTO ENGLISH VERSE. THE HYMNS AND EPIGRAMS FROM THE GREEKi WITH THE COMA BERENICES FROM THE L^TIN OF CATULLUS: WITH THE ORIGINAL TEXT, AND NOTES CAREFULLY SELECTED FROM FORMER COMMENTATORS, and additional observations, By H. W. T Y T L E R, M. D. INTER CALLIMACHI SAT ERIT PLACUISSE LIEELLOS, ET CECINISSE MODIS, PURE ΡΟΕΤΛ, TUIS. PROPERT, LONDON: PRINTED BY T. DAVISOM, AJCD SOLD BY CHARLES DlLi.Y, BOOKSBLLER, IN THE POUUTRr, M.DCC.XCIII. PREFACE. BY THE EARL OF BUCHAN. H A V I Ν G endeavoured from my earlieft youth (though fecluded from the honours of the ftate and the brilHant fituations incident to my rank) to imitate the example of that rare and famous EngUfh charader *, in whom every compatriot of extraordinary merit found a friend without hire, and a common rendezvous of worth ; I had the honour to receive from the unfortunate Author of the following tranflations an early notification of his intention to offer them to the public, and afterwards the perufal of the MS. which met with my fincere appro- bation. t Sir Philip Sidney. Dr. 789537 VI PREFACE. Dr. Tytler was a man of indefatigable induilry in literary refearch, to which were added the rare accompa- niments of Genius, Tafte, and Imagination. Scotland though fufficiently eminent in Philofophy, Arms and Arts, has been defe6tive till of late in clafncal tafte and erudition. The tranflations now offered to the public are the firft from a Greek Poet that have been publiihed by a native of Scotland in the Englifh language. In the tranflations of Dr. Tytler there will be found in transfufion of fentiment, corrednefs of poetry and ftyle; and in felicity of expreillon, a fuperior degree of merit to thofe publiflied by the unfortunate Dr. Dodd in the year 1755 i and upon the whole an agreeable accef- fion to an Englifh Clailical Library. The tranflation of ancient Epigram is a difficult tafk. The genius of the Greek or Roman muft be preferved, and the point of fatire or novelty of thought muft not be hid by the flippancy of a modern drefs, nor that dig- nity and flmplicity abated which belongs to the ages of antiquity, when the Poet was not diftraded by the mul- titude of figures conneded with artificial refinements. With PREFACE. W.th a new to prepare himfclf for the tranHation of Ihad wnh Mr. Pope's tntnflation, whereby he put hhnfelf "> a congenial train for undertaking to do jnffice to Cdhniachus, and meditating a tranilation of Lt.eretiu,• he naeant to have done the fame by tiie Georgics o^' Virgil and Mr. Dryden. Whatever may be faid upon thefe fubjefls, it is evident to every perfon of learning and tafte, that the ftyle of ancient, is greatly fuperior to that of modern, poetry • and that thofe who can enable the unlearned to tafte of the beauties of the Greek and Roman poets of eminence in modern languages, are entitled to no vulgar praifc With lefpea to Callimachus himfelf, every man of learning knows, that he was one of the keepers of the Alexandrian Library, and a favourite of Ptolemy Phu-i delphus King of Egypt, whofe praifes he celebrates in\ beautiful Hymn which alraoft infinitely degi-adcs our mo dern " Joys to great CA;" not on account of its fuperior veracity, but the beauty and fimplicity of its conftruc- tion, devoid of that cumberfome and naufeous machinery of extravagant encomium ; on account of which a modern Vlll PREFACE. modern man of tafte cannot help wiiTiing to fall down and bury the Laureates and the Laurelled in obfcurity. Indeed Voltaire's fpecimen of an Ode, in the addrcfs to the proud man in Zadig, contains an ever- lafting model for the inftrudlion of Laureates in the com- pofition of their vile madrigals to Princes : Que fon merite eft extreme. Que des Graces que des Grandeurs, Ah ! combien Monfeigneur, Doit etre content de lui mcme. THE FIRST HYMN ο F CALLIMACHUS TO JUPITER. VV HILST we to Jove immortal and divine. Perform the rites, and pour the ruddy wine i ^ Η Ν Ο Σ iot τι Kiv κλλο -ΰτοίξοί ΰ-ττον^-ηην uv^stv Hymn to Jupiter.] As hymns to the deities were inconteftibly the moil ancient fpecies of poetry, fo many modern MythoJogifts are of opinion that thefe hymns refer in fome meafure to the creation of the world, though wrapt up in fable, and covered with mift and obfcurity. Without entering into a minute difcuffioii of this intricate fubjeft, it may be obferved that the beginning of the prefent hymn, the whole of the fourth, and feveral paiTages of the fecond and fixth, feem to favour this hypothefis. And from the remaining fragments of Orpheus, the writings of Homer, Hellod, and indeed all the ancient poets, we are well aiTured that the firil inhabitants of Greece and Egypt acknowledged one fupreme Being, under various names and with many wonderful, attributes. Some- times he was called Bacchus, fometimes Apollo, Pan, Rhea, Diana, or whatever name was moft agreeable to the fancy of his worfliippers, or more commonly of thofe poets who celebrated him in their hymns; the poets being the firil divines as well as hiftori- B aiis. 2 HYMNTOJUPITER. Whom iliall the Mufe, with facred rapture fing, But Jove th' almighty and eternal king, Au(ov, 7] ^eov α,υτον, a.n f^eyuvj aiiv uvoiKTtx, ; ans •. At length the fovereignty was given to Jupiter, whom all the nations of Greece- adored as King and Lord of the Univerfe ; and he was fuppofed to be the fource of power, law and juftice, as we may learn from this hymn of Callimachus, and many paflages of Homer. Nay fome fragments of orphic poetry, ftill remaining, have defcribed him as Omnipotent, Omniprefent, and the Creator of the Univerfe. Ζίΐις O7i;0fin» yam; T£ κα• «ξΜα ατιροίηοζ f, Zit; wonu ξΐζ*, Ze*s Ηλιος uJe σιλη'ΐ ; Z£t>5 βασι^ινς, Zit/; αυτός wrratTUt αfχιyE»£9λo;, ΪΙαντα γαξ cv Ζηνος μίγαΤ^^ τλ3Έ σω^ίχ,τι KutXi fy κράτος, £»ς Αχίμων, γίηΐΛν μέγας αο^^ος Λ•7ΤΛ>τ6ί9, £ι; Zeu{, ας Αί^ης, ης Ηλιο;, ίΐς Αιοινσ^ςι Έ,ις 5ίος ι» ziavTisai ^. " Jupiter, the foundation of the earth and the ftarry heaven ; Jupiter the fountain of " the fea J Jupiter, the Sun and Moon ; Jupiter the King ; Jupiter the firft progenitor «' of all. For all things are within the great body of Jupiter. One Lord, one deity, and " the great fource of all." " Jupiter, Pluto, Bacchus and the Sun are one deity in all." But when the firft traditions were loft by various events happening in a lon^ fucceffion of ages ; when it becanie the cuftom to woriliip the feveral appearances of nature under different names, and to deify kings and great men after their deaths, human aftions were afcribed to the fupreme Being. Hence the multiplicity of Gods, the ridiculous attributes they were thought to poiTcfs, and the many fables about their birth, life and death. A King of Crete, and an Arcadian prince had been called Jupiter; the tomb of the firft: was ftill remaining in the time of Callimachus, and the laft was remembered by tradition. * Bryant's Mythol. Vol. I. p. 306, and feq. t Orphic. Fragm. 6. p. 366. Edit. Gefrer. fjom Proclus on Plato's Alcibiades. X Orphic. Fragm. 4. Edit. Gefner. Xhus_, HYMN TO JUPITER, Q Who from high heav'n, with buriling thunder, hwrl'd 5 The fons of earth, and awes th' a^therial world I nrjXoyovuv ελχτνίξΐχ,, Λκαίτττολοι/ ovpoivi^ntrt ; Thus both nations contended for the honour of the birth of Jupiter, and had many dif- pntes concerning it. But ftill they fuppofed tliat he muft have been born at a very remote period, when the face of things was different, the world but thinly peopled, and mankind lived uncomfortably. The blending of fo many ftories together neceflarily introduced much confufion in the worfliip and celebration of the deities. Callimachus took thefe ftories as they were handed down to him, no doubt adding fiftions of his own to make them the more poetical, and feldom forgetting to celebrate his great patron Ptolemy Philadelphus, whofe power he derives immediately from Jupiter. In the hymn before us, this Deity is reprefented under three different chara^ers ; firft as the Air; fecond as a Man ; third as the Sovereign of heaven and earth, all which will be taken notice of in the following notes. The Greek Ztuj is derived either from ζη» vivere ; becauie Air was thought to be the principle of life ; or from ^m to moiiten with ihowers ; becaufe rain falls from the heavens*. As for the Latin name Jupiter, it is fo plain a compound of the two Greek words ZiL• roawj that I need not trouble my readers with arguments to prove the de- rivation of it. V. 2. Perform the rites and pour the ruddy wine] The hymns to the deities were fung while the priefts performed the facred rites, and poured out the libations. They were fometimes accompanied with dancing, but always with inftnimental mvific either from the flute or harp, as we read in Proclus and the Scholiaft on Euripides, Spanheim. It is not a little furprifing that Mr. Prior fliould have deviated fo much from his original in the very firil line, as to tranflate it in this manner : " While we to Jove feleft the holy viflim." For the hymns began with the libations, but never with the choofing of the νΐΛΙιη, which muft have been feleited at a diftance from the temple, and fometime before the commencement ef the facrifices. * Tobias Damm in verb Ziv;. Β 2 Ver. 3. Λ HYMN TO JU PI RE R. But iay, thou firih and greateft pow'r above ! Shall I Dida-an or Lyca:an Jove Uui KX( ViV, Ai-ATCiwv ctutroi^ev, ψ Αυχαιον -, V. 3. Whom fliall the Mufe, with facred rapture fing] There is a great beauty in the beginning of this hymn. The Poet feems to be at once tranfported and awed with the grandeur of his fubjeft. He is impatient to begin, but, ftruck with the thought of celebrating the king of Gods and Men, he makes a paufe, and doubts if his poems are equal to the taik. Horace begins one of his fineft Odes in the fame manner. Quem virum aut heroa lyra vel acri Tibia fumes celebrare, Clio ? Quem Deum *? What man, what hero, on the tuneful lyre, Or harp-ton'd flute will Clio choofe to raife Deathlefs to flame i" What God ? Francis. V. c. Who from high heav'n, with burfting thunder hurl'd The fons of earth, and awes th' setherial world] The Commentators and Mythologiils dilFer very much about the expulfion of the Giants, the moil famous aiflion afcribed to Jupiter. Frifchlinus tells us that they were called the Sons of the earth, on account of their obfcure and uncertain original, but gives no authority to fupport his opinion. The name ■axXoyotot iignifies the offspring of flime or mud, and may as well refer to the formation of man in general, as to anj' parti- cular race of mankind, whatever their fize might be. Frifchlinus offers fOur different fignifications of this fable ; ift. That it fignifies the fall of the Angels. 2d. The fall of Man. 3d. The difperfion of Mankind at the building of Babel. And 4th. That this fable contains an obfcure tradition of the deluge : which opinion feems the moil proba- ble; and is confirmed by the ftory in Homer, that Thetis aflifted Jupiter in his war with the Giants. Or, in other words, that the Sea received the waters of the deluge in part, after they began to fubfide, and thus contributed to difperfe the thick clouds and noxious • Hor, Jib. i. ode is, vapours Η γ Μ Ν τ ο J υ r I τ Ε R. 5 Attempt to fing ? . . . Who knows thy mighty Vine ? And who can tell, except by pow'r divine, i ο If Ida's hills thy facred birth may claim. Or far Arcadia boaft an equal fame ? J Έν ooiri ι/,αλοί 9-'jj!*of• ετηι γένος αμφ-ηρις-ον. r Zfu, CTi μεν loatciiriv εν ουοεοΊ, φαοΊ γενεσβχι, Ζευ, <τε ο εν Αακχόιτι' -ΰτοτεΰΟί, 'ΰτατεο•, εψευοΌίντο ; vapours that darkened the iky, and rendered the air unwholefome*. The Abbe Banier,. who has almoft entirely baniflied Allegory from the Mythological fyftem, and laboured to give a connected hiftory of ages in ^yhich no hiftory exifted, aflures us that the Titans and the Giants were very different perfons ; that the former inhabited Spain and Italy, but that the latter were a Set of Banditti whom Jupiter king of Crete deftroyed in an expedition to the Continent of Grcecef. And by joining the traditions concerning the deluge with the laft mentioned hiitorical faft, we have the moft probable account of the war with the Giants. At the fame time I muit obferve that Mr. Pope makes this fable allude to the confufion of the elements before they were brought into their natural order J. But events happening at a period fo remote could fcarce have been handed down by tradition ; and if what the Abbe Banier fays be true, namely, that no proof remains of the Pagans having been acquainted with the building of Babel §; it is not likely that they could know much about the war of the elements before the foundation of the world. Beiides this idea of fighting elements bears a nearer refemblance to the philofophy of Lucretius, than to the Mofaic account of the Creation. V. 12. Or fair Arcadia boaft an equal fame] It is to be obferved that all the prayers and addrefles to Jupiter and the fubordinate Deities, fo frequent among the ancient poets, are wonderfully grand and folemn : but the defcription of their lives and aftions is always trifling and puerile. This, no doubt, proceeds from confounding them with * Horn. II. V. 396. and feq. -j- Banier's Mythol. vol. II. p. 205. j Note on Pope's Iliad Book I. v. 514. § Banier's Mythol. vol. ΙΓ. p. 307. (i II γ Μ Ν τ ο J υ ρ 1 τ F, R. The Cretans, prone to falfehood, vaunt in vain, And impious ! built thy tomb on Ditte's plain ; Κο-ήΤίς ail ψευς-α*. κα* yx^ τΆψον, ω uvot, (rno real men, whofe hiftory in the fiift ages of the world, and before the invention of letters, rould be known only from tradition. Callimachus after a folemn invocation to Jupiter, as the King of Gods and Men, immediately degrades him to a mere Mortal, by telling us that he was born either on the mountain of Diifle in Crete, or of Lycsus in Arcadia ; and endeavours to fettle the difpute betwixt the two nations by giving his birth to the one, and his education to the other. We are informed by Cicero that the ancient Theo- logifts enumerated three Jupiters, the firft and fecond born in Arcadia, and the third in Crete, where his Monument was ftill to be feen in the time of that Author*. To give a particular account of any of thefe would far exceed the bounds of a Note ; and riie ancient Poets differ very much with regard to the birth of even the Cretan Jupiter. The reader defirous of information on this fubjefl may have his curiofity fully gratified by confulting Banier. Befides the three mentioned above, \vt are told by Eufebius that almoft every nation had a Jupiter of their own, whom they worihipped under various names, and whom they fuppofed to have been born in their country f. This confirms what was faid in the beginning, that in times of grofleft idolatry all Mankind acknow- ledged one Supreme Being ; and it was then as uncommon to doubt the exigence of a Deity, as it is with fome modern Philofophers to believe it. V. 14. And impious! built thy tomb on Diite's plain] The Greeks and Romans afcribed no property to their deities not belonging to mankind except Immortality, an opinion admirably ridiculed by Lucian in hi» moft humourous dialogue entitled ilfaaif £im, or the Sale of Lives. And it feems the Cretans, denied even this to the greateil of their Gods, for which they were cenfured by the poet Epimenides in that celebrated fay- ing KfiiTJi as• ψειτ»'. " the Cretans always Liars." This was become a proverb long before the time of Callimachus, and he reproaches them in the words of their own poet for having built a tomb to a deity who mull neceflarily live for ever. The fame proverb is * Cic. de Nat. Deor. Lib. III. cap. 21. f Eufeb. Lib. ΙΠ. Evangelic. Prseparat. quoted HYMN TO JUPITER. η For Jove, th' immortal king, ihall never die, re But reign o'er men and Gods above the flcy. In high Parrhafia Rhea bore the God, Where gloomy foreils on the mountains nod ; Kfi;THf ετεχτψχν]ο. tru S' ου 3-av£;' ea-iri γα,ρ aiu. Ev OS σε Παρρασ-ι•» Fetyj τίκεν, ^χ^ι [Λκλις^α I ο. quoted by St. Paul Titus I. 12. and we are informed by Erafmus that St. Jerom found this line in a poem of Epimenides exa£tly as it ftands in the New Teiiament, where it makes a complete Hexameter verfe.f " The Cretans always Liars, evil Beafis, flow Bellies." The Greek Scholiall endeavours to remove the firft part of this imputation from them and tells us that the infcription upon the tomb originally runs thus, Μ«ω»5 τ» Δίο; ταψος, ♦' The tomb of Minos the Son of Jupiter." And that the two firft words being effaced by time there remained only Διβ; τάφος, " The tomb of Jupiter," which gave rife to the ilory. But fince it is allowed by all Hiftorians that a king, named Jupiter, once reigned in Crete, died and was buired there, the account given by Suidas feems the moft proba- ble ; namely, that the words of the infcription were, eiGaJt xurai Sectur Π»χι>ς 5 Ziv;, '« Here " lies Pecus (or according to Kufter) Picus who was called Jupiter. "f Banier cites this paflage of Suidas, but, for I know not what reafon, tranflates the infcription given by Porphyry in place of it. " Here lies Za» who was called Jupiter. "+ This tomb was fituated near the city of Gnoffus, below the mountain of Difte. But the very learned and ingenious Mr Bryant, who has ftudied ancient Mythology with more diligence than any native of Great Britain, aiTures us that thefe τα^οι were not tombs, but λο^οι ( τίκε ^ συ. τ£α< ο ωοινες ελα,φρκί. Ε/7Γ6, ^ avTUvua-oca-cx. θία [^εγαν υ^οθί •ατ'ηχνν, , 3° Τ1λ•ηζεν ορός (ΓΚψίΙξω. το ie οι ^xcc -ζίτουλυ οιες-ν;. Εκ ί' εχεεν (Λεγχ χευ^κα. τούι χξοοί φχιί^υνοίσ-οί, ΧΙνα, τεον (πτείξωο-ε . Νεί») h σε οωκε κο^ιοτΰ-οα ν. 44- With awful voice the pregnant Earth addrefs'd] Dr. Dodd has reduced the great Mother of the Gods to a whining girl by trandating this paiTage as follows ; «' Diftreft the Goddefs heav'd a feeble Sigh." v. 53. Thy body cleans'd and wrapt in purple bands] The Greeks had feveral methods of managing new-born infants. The Athenians plunged them in cold water (a cuftora HYMN TO JUPITER. n And much enjoin'd her, with a mother's care, cr To feek the Cretan cave and hide thee there. For ilie was firil-born of the beauteous maids That nurs'd the Thund'rer in the gloomy fliades. Save Styx and Philyrej from whence ihe gain'd More high rewards than virgin e'er obtain'd : 60 For Neda's name the grateful Goddefs gave To this moil ancient ftream, whofe rolling wave Ksudfjiov ΐ(Γω Κ.ξ'ητοίΐον, (^Ivx χρυφα τ!τχιίευοιο\ Πξεα-ζυταττι ννι^ψείαν αι fjutv τότε [Λο»ωσ•χντο, JC ΠξωτιςΎΐ γενείς, μετά τε Στυγχ, Φιλυξην τε. Ουο ύλίψ οίττετκτε θε?? -χοίςιν, otXXct το "χευμα Κείνο Νε^ψ όνο(^ψε, το [Λεν τίτο^ι -wovXiJ K»f αυτό (a cuftom ftill followed in many countries), and the Lacedaemonians in wine, to give health and vigour to their bodies, and likewife to try their future Conftitutions. For they fuppofed that ftrong children would bear the bath eaCIy ; but that thofe of a more weakly frame would immediately faint or fall into fits. The nurfe then divided the Umbilical Cord, and wrapt the child in Twaddling bands j but thefe were never ufed by the Spartans, who thought that they confined the body too much, and did not allow the free motion of the limbs. At Athens the new-born infant was wrapped in a Cloth, on which was reprefented the Gorgon's head, in imitation of the Shield of Minerva, to Ihew that the child was entrufted to the care of the Goddefs of Wifdom. If a boy, he was laid on a buckler, as an omen of his future valour ; and it was a common prailice among perfons of quality at Athens, to place their infants on dragons of gold ; a cuftom thought to have been inftituted by Minerva, in memory of King Erichthonius, who had feet like a Serpent, and being expofed when an infant, the Goddefs gave him in charge to two dragons. The Reader will find a particular account of all thefe ceremonies in Potter's Antiquities, Vol. II. p. 325 and feq. where the learned Bifliop refers to this hymn of Callimachus. C a V. 70. 12 HYMNTOJUPITER. With force impetuous pours along the plain, And near the walls of Leprium meets the main j The fons of Areas hear the waters roar, 6$ And drink the facred flood, and crowd the iliore. Thee, mighty Jove, the nymph to Thente bore» And thence to GnoiTus on the Cretan ihore. But firft at Thenas, cur'd thy recent wound ; Cydonians hence Omphale nam'd the ground• 70 Kixvuuvcov ΊίΓίολιεθξον, ο Αεττςιον ■ατίφατίς'Οίί, Σνι^φεξετοίΐ 'Ν'ηξψ' Ίΰ-αίλοίΐοτα.τον οε μύ> υάωξ ^Ο Tiuvoi τίτινουσΊ Αυχαονινις αξκ]οιο. Έ,υτε Θενας οίττεΧειττεν, εττι Κρω(Γ<Γθ(ο φεξαυσα, Ζ.ευ ■ατοίτες, 'η fu/xtpij <Γε' (Θενά/ S' είταν εγγυθι Κι/ωίΤίΓου) Τουτακί τοι -ΰτεσ-ε, Sa,if/.ov, cctt ο[Λφχλος' ένθεν εκε»ια Οαφοίλιον ιχετε-ττειτα τα-εοον χ,α,λεουσ-ι Κνάωνες, ^^ V. yo. Cydonians hence Omphale named the ground] Neither Mr. Prior, Mr. Pitt, nor Dr. Dodd have thought proper to give this paflage in Engliih, although it alludes to a very curious piece of ancient fuperftition. They had probably been deterred by the difficulty of tranflating the verfe, Τουτίτκι TO» -ετΕσΕ, Aat^of, αττ ομφαλός' ^^— Ibi turn decidit tibi, Deus, omplialus, vel umbilicus : But though fuch phrafes tranflated literally may feem grofs or indelicate to the ears of a modern Reader, I apprehend they cannot, with propriety jje allogether omitted, when they relate either to an ancient cuftom or an hiftorical faft. In the dark ages of idolatry and fuperftition, mankind ereiled altars to the deities on the tops of mountains, and repaired with much veneration to rocks and caverns, whence the Gods were fuppoftd to deliver their oracles, called by the Phcenicians Omphi, and by the Greeks ψψαι, or voices, In the fame manner the mountain of Delphi was jiamed HYMNTOJUPITER, i;j The nymphs of Didle with encircling arms, Embrac'd thee blooming in immortal charms ; Zeu, (τε Se Κυξζχντων εταξχι ■ΰτζοίτεττγιχυνκνία named Omphi-el, or the oracle of the fun ; and the Greeks, endeavouring to find a word of a fimilar found in their own language, immediately thought of ό(Αΐρ»λο;, Omphalus, a navel; which by a ftrange perverfion they fubftituted in its place*. And hence Delphi, being the moft celebrated oracle, was thought to be the middle or umbilicus of the whole earth, as Sophocles calls it f. By degrees, the fame appellation was beftowed on every place famous for the refponfes of an oracle, or the refidence of a deity. Thus, in the firft book of the Odyfley, Homer tells us that the ifland of Calypfo was the Omphalos, or Umbilicus of the lea ; Νήσω iy «^^(ξϋτη o0i τ ο^^ίχλοζ £Γ* SaAaffffW?, Νϊΐσος ΟϋΛξΥιίσσΛ J . Amidft an ifle, around whofe rocky ihore The forefts murmur, and the furges roar. Pope. Every reader muft obferve that the original idea is entirely loft in Mr. Pope's tranflation, which does not give the leaft hint of this ifland being the Omphalus of the fea, and we are only informed that Calypfo lived in the middle of an ifland. At Enna in Sicily- was another place of the fame name, probably becaufe that was thought to be the fcene of the rape of Proferpine. It is therefore no wondei- that Callimachus, finding a place in Crete named Omphalos or the navel, ihould pretend that it was fo called becaufe the Umbilical Cord of young Jupiter was there fuppofed to have dropped from his body. But it is fu rely a little ftrange that Diodorus Siculus fliould gravely prefent his readers with the fame ftory, as an hiftorical faft, and tell them that this famous Umbilicus dropped into the river Triton, " from which accident the place", fays he, " was called Omphalos or the navel §". A ftriking inftance of the blindnefs and credulity of the Greeks in relation to religion and mythology. In all other matters, as Mr. Brjant well * Bryant's Mythol. vol. I. p. 240. X Hom. Odyfl". Lib. Κ v. 50. ■j- Oedip. Tyrann. v. 487. § Diodor. Sicul. Lib. V. p. 337. obferves, ,.ί» 14. HYMN TO JUPITER, The fair Adrafte next thy care began. And laid thy Godhead in a golden van. On Ida's hill$ the goat Amalthea bred, 75 There gave thee fuck ; and mountain-honey fed. From bees that o'er the cliffs, appear in fwarms. Prepare their w^axen domes with hoarfe alarms. Colled the fweets of every fragrant flow'r. And on thy lips diftil th' ambrofial iliovv^'r, 80 The fierce Curetes circle o'er the ground ^aV In warlike dance, and beat their fliields around, Αικταιχι Μ£λ;«<, σε ie κοι^^κην Α^ξ7]ς-εια Amvcj till "χρυατίω. cru ο sunjOOio Tirtovcc μαζον Αιγός Aju.aX6e^ onh kXvjoov ίςΊ(Τ(Γχι, Ο ς [Λκλοί ι^ιη vsviYjXogi εττ ΚΓοίΐ-η γαρ eoiKS UviXeicrtioif τα οε το(Γ<του οοΌν οιχ τϊτΧίΐςον εχ^ϋίτι. 'Ψενοο([/,εν uiovTfg oc κεν τιτετηθοιεν αίχαψ. 6c OJ τε ^εων εα-(ΓψΜ -a-xKot ^ε<τοιν, spycc όε •χειρων, towards the Weft, was reckoned a gloomy region *, The fame axithor, by a very far- fetched fiippofition, derives the word Tartaius from Tarteflus, a river of Spain, which contraditfts his own hypothefis, that the Greek mythology was originally borrowed from Egypt. But, not fatisfied with this explication, he deferts his hiftorical fyftem, and follows the opinion of Paufanias, that Jupiter reprefents the fupreme God, who governs Heaven, Earth and Hell under three different names f But if we have recourfe to allegory, in which we are fupported by the authority of Cicero, the explication is obvious §. Saturn or Time begets three fons, Jupiter or the Air, Piuto or the Earth, and Neptune or the Sea, who naturally enough divide the world among them. * Banier'sMythoLvol. II. p. 315. f Ibid. § Cic. de Nat. Deor. Lib. II. cap. a6. Da V. 103. 20 HYMN TO JUPITER. Then firft thy bird excell'd th' aerial kind. Thy mandates waited and reveal'd thy mind ; Now through the flcies, at thy command he fprings, Γ05 And bears celeilial aug'ry on his wings. Σ•η τί B/5J, το τί Κχοτος, ο >^ τ3•ίΧκς ίΙοΊχο άαρξου. θί;καο ο' οίωνον [ΛΒγ υττα^ογρν α,γγίλιωτψ ν. 103- Then firft thy bird excelled th' aerial kind] Various reafons are afligned hj various authors, why the eagle was thought to be facred to Jupiter, to cany his thunderbolts, and to reveal his will to mankind. Piiny tells us that the fiftion was founded on truth, becaufe eagles are never deftroyed by lightning *. This has as rtnuch the air of fiftion as the ftory itfelf ; and Spanheim gives two reafons equally fabulous: firft. That Jupiter was carried by an eagle into Crete; and fecond, That a boy named Aeioj, the Greek word for an eagle, attended him in the Cretan cave. Others fay that an eagle appeared to him when he confulted Augurs in the ifle of Naxos, before he began his wars with the Titans ; and that, this being a bird of good omen, he caufed a figure of it to be painted on his enfignsf ; which is perhaps the beft reafon. Though fome fuppofe that this bird was confecrated by Jupiter on account of its extraordinary ftrength and fwiftnefs; and others, becaufe in time of a ftorm, it flies above the higheft clouds j. Horace feems to allude to this paflage of CaJlimachus in the following lines ; Qualem miniftrum fulminis alitem, Cui Rex Deoruni regnum in aves vagas Permifit, — § As the majeftic bird of tow'ring kind, Who bears the thunder thro' th' etherial fpace, To whom the monarch of the Gods aflign'd Dominion o'er the vagrant feather'd race. Dunkin. * Plin. Hift. Natur. Lib. X. cap. 3. -j- Athenae. Lib. IV. J Ruaeus in iEn. L v. 398. § Hor. Lib. IV. Ode 4. ' - V. 109. HYMN TO J υ PIT κ R. 2 I All-gracious-pow'r ! protedt the friends I love, And fend them fav'ring omens from above. Lo ! rob'd in purple, yonder iliining bands Of chofen youths whom Jove himfelf commands ; no Not thofe who tempt the feas in fearch of gain. Or join fierce combat on the dufty plain. Invent the dance or raife the tuneful fong ; Thefe meaner cares t' inferior Gods belong ; But thofe to whom imperial povv'r is giv'n, 1 15 Jove's favour'd fons, the delegates of heav n, > ^av τίξκων' ccr ef^oiTt φιλοις avSiPta φαινβις, Είλεο ΰ αιζ-ηων ο, τι φεξτα,τον »' συ γε νηων *?q EjitTTE^a^iff, m αν^ςα σ-χαεσ-τΓχλον, a μεν oiotSov. Αλλα Tci μεν μοίκοίξεσ-ίπν ολιζοαΊν uvdt "ϋΓαρηκοίς, Αλλα μελειν ετεξοκτι. συ ί' ε^ελεο τ/Ιολιχοχας V. log. Not thofe who tempt the feas in fearch of gaui] By the word ψνί(αμϋς lunderftand merchants who fail the feas, and not fimply mariners ; and Horace fcems to ufe the word Nuuta or Navita in the fame fenfe. Vulcanius. V. 116. Jove's favour'd Sons the delegates of heav'n] Although this fentiment of the divine right of Kings may not correfpond with our ideas of liberty ; yet it was particularly fuited to the notions of ancient times, when a limitted monarchy was unknown, regal government abfolute, and every king claimed his defcent from Jupiter : an opinion which runs through the writings of almoft every ancient poet ; and not to trouble my readers with long quotations on this fubjeft, I ihall only give the follort-ing paifage from Hefiod, who deduces poets from Apollo, and kings ffom Jupiter. Έκ yag Μϋσααιιι χαι ίρ(η|3ολΗ Απολλκίο; 'A»igf«»tio( Ιαση iwt jjOova, χαι xiSa^irat' '£« 22 HYMN TO JUPITER. Whom feamen, foldiers, merchants, bards obey. And wide extended empires own their fway. The rough artificer owns Vulcan's pow'r, And hardy foldiers warlike Mars adore ; 1 20 The man who fwift purfues the favage brood, 'p Invokes Diana, huntrefs of the wood. And he, who ftrikes the Lyre's refounding firing* With fkilful hand, from bright Apollo fprin^s. But kings from Jove ; except the royal line Ι2ξ No rank on earth approaches to divine : AJJiff, uv Jtto χ^ξο. γεαίΛΟξος, ων Ι^ξΐς ulxf^yic, Xli/ ψττις, ων -wocvtx' τι f » κξχτεοντος uV 'κτχυν^ γ§ Αυτικα. χα,λχ•ηα.ς ι^εν υίε/ο^ίν ΗφαιςΌΐο' Τενχ-ήςας ί' Αξψς' εττακτιιίξα,ς οε Χιτωνης Αοτε^ιι^ος' Φοι^α if, λυςνις ευ εΐ^οτας olf^isg. Ε» ίε Αιος βα,α-ιλψς' Ιττει Αιος ihv ανχκτων Έ» ίί Δΐ05 βχσίληις * From Jove, great origin, all monarchs fpring•. From mighty Jove, of kings himfelf the King, From the Pierian maids, the heav'nly nine. And from Apollo, fire of verfe divine Far-lhooting deity, whofe beams infpire The poets fpring, and all who ftrike the lyre. Cooke. And even Plato, though he has written ten books on a republic as the moil perfeil fyftere of government, deduces a continual feries of kings from Jupiter.* * Hef. Theogon. v. 94 + In Alcibiade. V. 134. HYMN TO JUPITER. 23 Their facred pow'r deicends from mighty Jove, And he protedls them from high heav'n above. Befides from him the pow'r of judges fprings. And governors the fubftitutes of kings ; 1 30 He guards the city, o'er the ilate prefides. Rewards the governor whom virtue guides ; But dire difgrace and ruin keeps in ftore. For partial judges that abufe their po^v'r. ΘειοτΕξον. τω κχι ατφι τεψ Ικριναο λκ^ιν' οΟ Δώ;κα? os TsrJoXiB^oot φυλκοΌΤΐμεν' Ιζεο J" αΰτος Ακα•^ς ev -srjoXietro'tVf εττοι^ίος οΐ τε όίΚ'τιιτι Aocov νττο (Γκολί-ηζ, οι τ ε[^ι,7Γ<χλιν iQuvacTiV. Εν βε ρνηφενιψ ίζαλες σφκΓΐν, εν ο ύλις ολζα' Πα(Γ< jttev, a ^aXoc ο ίσον. εοΜε οε τεκ^-ήξασ^αι 8 C V. ΐ34• For partial judges that abufe their pow'r] The original of this and the five preceding lines being very laconic, it feemed neceflary to extend the fentiment a little, before it could have its full force in Engliih. Graevius turns this paflage in the following manner. " Conftitiufti qui urbes cuftodiant : tuque ipfe praefides in arcibus, infpeftor tarn eorum qui legibus populum fub iniquis quam eorum qui aliter gubernant."' Now, for what purpofe is Jupiter the infpeftor of governors and judge?, except to reward the good, and punilli the partial and unjuft ? A fimilar paflage occurs ia Homer : Ώς ί' VTTQ λα,ίλατΐί ττασακίλαϊνΐϊ iSeGpiGe χθαί» * Ή(χατ* mu^iru, ότι Λ«βξοτατο» χειι iii'g Οι Bifi uv α.γοξη σκόλιας κξί)ιωσι θε^ΐΓ^ς, Έκ it Stxm ίλασίύσι, ^'ΐ^' °^"' ^^ «Aiyo'Ti;. * Horn. II. Lib. XVI. v. 384. As 24 Η γ Μ Ν τ ο J υ ρ I τ Ε R. Tho' mighty Jove ! thy fcepter'd fons obtain ι^ξ Abundant wealth, and means of glory gain. Yet all receive not, by thy great decree. An equal ihare of fplendid pomp from thee j For warlike Philadelphus reigns alone. And pow'r fupreme fupports his facred throne : 1 40 Glad evening ftill beholds the vaft defigns Compleat, to which his morning thought inclines. Beholds compleat in one revolving fun, What others, in long ages, but begun. For Jove, in wrath, makes other kings to mourn 145 Their counfels blailed, and their hopes forlorn. ΗαετΕξω [χεάεονη" -ζτεξί ττζο γκξ ευξυ βεζ'ηζεν, Έ.(Γ7τεξΐος κείνος γε ηλει τα. κεν ψι νογισγ Έ(Τ7Γεξίος rot, ΐΛ,εγίςα., τα μειονα ο ευτε νο-ησιη' Οί οε τα, μ,εν τίΓλειωνι, τα. ο α^ ενι. των ά α,ττο Τΰ'κμ.ττα,ν Αυτός α,νψ εκολυσΌ,ς, ενεκλαίτας οε ^ιενοινψ. 9 Ο Χαίρε (,ιεγχ, ΚξονιΟ'η ^ανυνεξτχτε, οωτος εαων, As when in autumn Jove his fury pours, And earth is loaden with inceflant ihow'rs ; When guilty mortals break th' eternal laws. And judges brib'd betray the righteovis cnufe. Pope. v. 139. For warlike Philadelphus reigns alone] This compliment to Ptolemy Philadelphus is very artfully introduced ; and the poet raifcs his great patron to a deity, as much as a mortal can be exalted, by making him the fupreme power on earth, as Jupiter is in heaven. V. 156. HYMN TO JUPITER. 2^ Hail ! Mighty King ; hail ! great Saturnian Jove, Who fends life, health, and fafety from above j Thy glorious adls tranfcending human tongue. Nor were, nor fliall by mortal bard be fung ! i ^e O, from thy bright abodes, let bleiTmgs flow ; Grant wealth, grant virtue to mankind below : For we with wealth, are not completely bleft. And virtue fails when wealth is unpoflefs'd ; Then grant us both ; for thefe united prove 1 55 The choicefl: bleffing man receives from Jove. Αωτορ α.'ΤΤνι/Λονί'ης. τεχ ί' εςγ[ΛαΤίχ. ης χεν ueioot ; Ου '}'ενετ , ακ εςοα• τις κεν Αιος ΐξγματ αεκΓΒΐ } Χχιαε, "ΰΓΟίτεξ, χχΐζ otvdr oioW ο αοεΎψ τ άφενος re. Out αιρετές α,τεξ ολζος ετΓΐςΌίτχι αι/^ξχς οίεζειν^ 9 J Our' χρεττ; «φεναισ. Jlioa S' ΰξετψ τε i^ ολξον. ν. 1 54• The choiceft bleffing man receives from Jove,] It was a favourite fentiment both with the Greek poets and philofophers, that no man could be happy without pofTeffing riches, a very pleafant and comfortable doitrine, and much more agreeable to human ears, than the Chriftian precept of felf-denial, which we hear every day inculcated from the pulpit. And indeed it muft be owned that, in our prefent circumftances, poverty feems but a negative fort of good, which can be of little fervice to mankind, except in fo far as it may prevent them from becoming more wicked. He who pofTeiTes wealth, and knows how to promote the caufe of virtue by a proper application of it, has much happinefs in his own power, and, notwithftanding the depravity of mankind, many fuch charafters occur in our times, as well as in the days of Caliimachui. Nor are the fentiments contained in this noble apoftrophe repugnant to facred frriplure, for £ we 26 HYMNTOJUPITER. we find the following thoughts in Eccjefiaftes Chap. VII. v. ii. " Wifdom is good with an inheritance, and by it there is profit to them that fee the fun. For Wifdom is a defence, and money is a defence : but the excellency of knowledge is, that wifdom giveth 'ife to them that have it." END OF THE HYMN TO JUPITER. THE SECOND HYMN ο F CALLIMACHUS TO APOLLO. W HAT force, what fudden impulfe thus can make The laurel-branch, and all the temple ihake ! Ο ION τω 'τιτολλύΐνος Ιατεκτκτο ^χφνινος opvtj^j Hymn to Apollo.] The adoration paid to Apollo or the Sun was the moil ancient, as well as the moft univerfal fpecies of idolatjy, as has been ihewn at full length by the very learned Mr. Bryant *. It is• therefore no wonder that this hymn fliould have been ranked among the moil celebrated produftions of our author. It was held in fuch eftimation by the ancients, as to be fung for many ages at the feftivals of this deity in the different countries of Greece, and may be confidered as an exaft counterpart to the foregoing. For the poet, inilead of celebrating the birth of the deity, as in the hymn to Jupiter, bej;ins by defcribing him in all his glory, enumerates his attributes, traces him back ftep by ilep to the firil great adlion of his life, which he is faid to have performed KBp? Ιω, ΐτι -/νμιοί -(•, " while yet a naked infant," and concludes with juft mentioning his * Bryant's Mythol. Vol. I. paffim. -j- Apollon. Lib, II. v. 709. Ε 2 birth, 2$ Η y Μ Ν Τ Ο A Ρ Ο L L Ο. Depart ye fouls profane •, hence, hence ! Ο fly Far from this holy place ! Apollo's nigh ; οία S' όλον TO (Λίλαθξον, Ικας, Ικχς, ϋςις κλιτξος. birth, which it was unneceflaiy to aefcribe at full length ; as the whole fourth hymn is employed in the celebration of that great and important event. The concluding para- graph has apparently little connexion with what goes before, and feems to have been artfully introduced for the fake of the poet himfelf, as will be taken notice of in its place. Voifius derives Apollo from Ά^ίλιο;, a name given to the Sun by the Cretans *, and Bryant informs us, that this was a combination of three ancient terms Ab-El-Eon, Pater fummus Sol, or Pater Deus Sol. Others derive Ά^ο'ΚΚω» from άπολλι;»)», " perdens", becaufe the Sun was fiippofed to occafion difeafes and peftilence. V. 2. The laurel branch and all the temple ihake; Depart ye fouls profane ! ] The hymn opens with a defcription of the rifmg Sun, on the day of the annual feftival of Apollo in the ifland of Delos; when the God was faid to appear, becaufe on that day the Sun firft darted his rays upon the gate of the temple. And the Greek fcholiaft informs us, that all prediilions uttered at that time were true and certainly fulfilled ; but that thefe proved falfe after the departure of the deity : that is to fay, at that feafon of the year, when the Sun-beams ceafed to Ihine upon the doors of the temple. The words ία^Η»»; Ιξπτ,ξ, " the laurel branch" has occafioned difputes among the com- mentators, fome affirming that a particular laurel-tree is meant, as Mr. Prior tranflatcd the phrafe ; but others imagine, with more probability, that it alludes to branches of laurel, placed over the gates of the temple by young men and maids, who came from different countries to celebrate this feftival. The piiefts likewife ih-ewed the innermoft parts of the temple with laurel, and held laurel branches in their hands during the celebration of the rites. The ifland of Delos was celebrated not for this tree, but for a famous palm, which will be mentioned afterwards. The laurel was facred to Apollo for feveral reafons ; becaufe the conical leaf bore fome refemblance to the rays of the Sun ; becaufe it is an ever-green, and fo may be • Voir, de Idolol. Lib, II. faid. HYMN TO APOLLO, 2g He knocks with gentle foot ; the Delian palm 5 Submiffive bends, and breathes a fweeter balm : Kcct if •arou Toi ^ϋξετζοί καλώ ■sraoi Φοιζος uexcrirei. OJ% όρχχς •, Ιττενευσ-εν ο Αηλίος iJJu τ; φοινίζ faid, like him, to enjoy perpetual youth ; and becaufe it was thought to be more eafily fet on fire than any other fpecies of wood. It was likewife ufual to foretel future events from the noife of this tree when burning ; a favourable prediilion was drawn from its crackling, but if it burned away in filence the omen was unkicky *. Hence Tibullus fays, Laurus ubi bona figna dedit, gaudete coloni. Tibullus, Lib. Π. " Rejoice, Ο huibandmen, when the laurel gives you a good omen." The fcene of this hymn has commonly been laid at Delphos, but I think without reafon, the temple there being too diftant to give a view of the Delian palm mentioned V. 4th of the original. And befides, more feftivals were held in honour of Apollo at Deles than in any other part of the world -j•. This fuppofition has led all the former tranflators into a miftake, imagining that the word μΕλβδρο» muft refer to a cavern, no doubt becaufe the temple of Delphos was built over a place of this nature. But this word has a quite contrary import, and fignihes lacunar, the main beam that fupports the roof; or, as we fay in Scotland, "the roof-tree." I remember only one pafTage in Homer where it occurs, and this Mr. Pope has tranflated with much jufticeto the original. HUT» iTfiiKt 0αλΐΕΐ« Πρια/λοιο μιλαβξ» Αιθαλοΐί ί Be Priam's Palace funk in Grecian fires. Pope. All the Critics obferve how exaftly Virgil has imitated thefe words of our author «κ»?, «as, on? «λίτρο?, Procul hinc, procul efle, profani §. And at the folemn Grecian feflivals when the prieft approached the altar, he always cried out, " Who is here" ? to which the fpeftators anfwered " Many good people." The prieft then faid, " Begone all ye profane," which the Romans exprefled by the words of Virgil mentioned above. V. 5. He knocks with gentle foot ; the Delian palm] Apollo knocking with his foot * Banier's Mythol, Vol. II. p. 416. f Idem ibid. } Horn. II. Lib. II.v. 414. § Virg. Ma, VI, alludee 30 HYMN TO APOLLO. Soft fwans, high hov'ring catch the aufpicious fign, Wave their white wings, and pour their notes divine. E^oiTTivvjg , ό L• χ,υχ,νος Iv ψξΐ καλοί/ usiSei. 5 alludes to the firft approach of the Sun-beams to the gates of the temple, as mentioned before. And the palm was facred to this deity, and an emblem of the Sun, becaufe the ancients conceived it to be immortal ; or at leaft, it was thought to recover after death, and enjoy a fecond life by renewal. And hence the flory of the Phoenix is fuppofed to have been borrowed from this tree, the word Φοι.ι| fignifying both a Phoenix and the Palm-tree *. It was likewife an emblem of victory, probably on account of its tall growth and (lately appearance. But the palm mentioned by Callimachus certainly exifted in the ifland of Delos, being taken notice of by many ancient authors, although the origin was undoubtedly fabulous, namely, that when the Goddefs Latona was about to bring forth ApoUo and Diana, the earth that inftant produced a large palm, againrt which flie relied in time of her labour, as the reader will find in the fourth hymn. Homer makes Ulyfles compare the beauty of Nauficaa to this celebrated palm, which he had obferved from the fea, in his voyage by the ifland of Delos. giCa; μ' Ιχει ΙίσοξοωντΛ, Δηλύ; 0)5 OTOTE τοίΌίΐ ΑτΓολλίιϋος ^Λζχ βΐύματ Φοίνικος not ερυος ανίρ•χομ.ίνον Ινο-ησα Ί*. •^■^ 1 gaze and I adore. Thus feems the palm with ilately honours crovvn'd. By Phcebus' altars ; thus o'erlooks the ground. The pride of Delos. Pope. Cicero tells us that it was ilill remaining in his time J; and Pliny that it was coeval with Apollo. " Necnon Palma Deli ab ejufdem Dei aetate confpicitur §." We are likewife informed by Plutarch, that Nicias the Athenian prefented a palm-tree of brais to the ■ * Bryant's Mythol. Vol. 1. p. 322. f Horn. OdyiT. Lib. VL v. 161. X Cicero de Legib. Lib. 1. § Plin. Nat. Hift. Edit. Harduin. Lib, XVI.^c. 89. I Delians, H γ MN TO APOLLO. 31 Ye bolts fly back ; ye brazen doors expand. Leap from your hinges, Pha-bus is at hand. 10 Begin, young men, begin the facred ibng. Wake all your lyres, and to the dances throng, Αυτοί νυν κοίτοχ^χες κνοίχλινίίτθε -πτυλκων. Αύται oe κλψοες' ο γχς θεο? ^ksti μακααν. Delians, which was erefted on a piece of confecrated ground bought by him for that puipofe, but Λν35 afterwards blown down by the winds *. V. 7. Soft fwans, high-hov'ring, catch th' aufpicioiis fign,] The fwan was facred to Apollo, becaufe prediftions were known from its motions, and on account of its white colour refembling the beanos of the Sun. A farther account of this will be given in the notes on that beautiful paflage of the fourth hymn where the poet defcribes the birth of Apollo. V. II. Begin young men, begin the facred fong,] The chief cities of Greece fent chorufTes of mufic annually to celebrate the feftival of Apollo in the ifland of Delos, and to fing hymns in honour of this deity. The proceffion was called Theoria, and was inflituted by Thefeus, after he overcame the Minotaur, as will be mentioned after- wards. The perfon appointed to conduit this folemnity was always chofen from the chief of the citizens, and it was looked upon as a great honour to be entrufted with that office. But we are informed by Plutarch, that before the time of Nicias this pro- ceffion was generally conduced with much hurry and confufion. For the inhabitants of the ifland ran in crowds to the Ihore as foon as the ihip appeared, and without waiting til] the Athenians landed, cried out impatiently for them to begin, fo that they were obliged to fing, put on their chaplets (wreaths of laurel) and religious veftments, all at the fame time, which could not be done without much indecency and diforder. Nicias being appointed leader of the proceffion redtified this abufe f. * Plutarc'.!, in vit. Nic. ad initium. t Potter's Antiquities Vol, I. p. 285. Plutarch ubi fupra. V.aa. ^2 HYMNTOAPOLLO. Rememb'ring ftill, the Pow'r is feen by none Except the juft and innocent alone ; Prepare your minds, and waih the fpots away, ^ 15 That hinder men to view th' all-piercing ray. Left ye provoke his fav'ring beams to bend On happier climes, and happier ikies afcend : And lo ! the pow'r, juft op'ning on the fight, DifFufes blifs, and fliines with heav'nly light. 20 Nor fliould the youthful choir with filent feet. Or harps unftrung, approaching Phoebus meet. If foon they wifti to mount the nuptial bed, To deck with fweet perfumes, the hoary head, O» ie νέοι [ΛοΧτΓψ τε ^ ες χοξον Ιντυνεσ-θε. *Λ '"δτολλίιΐν Β Ότκντί 0x£weTciciy αλλ ο, τις εσ-θλος. Ος jWti/ ISri, μ,εγχς ύτος. ός ζκ ί'ίε, λιτός εκείνος. ΐ(> Οψο/^εδ*, ω Εκχεξγε, >^ ε(Γ(Γ0[Λεθ αττοτε λιτοί. Μ•ητε σιωτΓ-ήλψ χιθχξΐν, μ-ήτ ΰψοφον Ι^νος Ύα Φο<β« τας τΰ-χιάχς εχ^-ΐν ε7Γιθιΐ]^νι<Γθίντος^ Εί τελεειν [^ελλαα-ι yoe[/.ou, -ατολιψ τε κεξεκτύχι, V. 22. Or harps unftrung, approaching Phoebus meet,] The word Ιπι^ΥΜΥΐσιηοί alludes to the name of this feftival, which was called ίνι^ψια Άνολλίηοζ, " The entrance of Apollo among the people," that is, when the Sun beams began to ihine upon the temple, and in like manner his departure was named άιτοίψια. Hence it was fuppofed that he refides in fummer at Delos, and in winter in Lycia. Dacier, V. 24. To deck, with fweet perfumes, the hoary head,] The original words βόλι»!» Te χίριιθβι " canos radere" do not fignify ^3 ihave the head, but to dye the hair with fome fragrant HYMN TO APOLLO. Ο 3 On old foundations lofty walls to build, 25 Or raife new cities in fome diftant field. Ye liil'ning crouds, in awful filence, hear Apollo's praifes, and the fong revere ; Even raging feas fubfide, when poets fing The bow, the harp of the Lycorean king : 30 Nor Thetis, wretched mother, dares deplore Her lov'd, her loft Achilles, now no more ! But thrill'd with awe, ihe checks her grief and pain When lo Paean founds along the main. Ές-Ύΐζειν ίε το ταγός εττ* α.ςγκιθί(Τι ^ει^ίθλοις. ίξ HyutrxjjLyiv τκί τιταίΐίας, Ι-ττει %ίλυ? ϋ'κετ' άεργος, Έΰφνιμειτ αιοντες Ιττ Ατταλλωνος αοίον, Euiptjfiii >^ ϋτοντος, οτε κλείαοΊν uotoot Η κιθοίξίν, vj τοζχ, Αυκοξεος εντεα. Φοι^α. OJJe Θίτίζ• Αχ;λί;α κινυςετχί αιλινχ ^^ητ■ηξt 20 Οτΐττοτ \t[ ■sratTjov, jij -sruiriov uaoucr. fragrant ointment, a cuftom ufed by perfons of both fexes to conceal their age. Span- H£IM. v. 30. The bow, the harp of the Lycorean King] Apollo was called Lj-coreus from a village of that name in the neighbourhood of Delphos. — Graevius. — The very learned Mr. Bryant tells us that an ancient name for the Sun was El-Uc, which, according to Macrobius *, the Grecians changed into λνχοί, Lueuj, He was likewife ftyled El-Uc-Or, and hence the name Lycoreus f. • Macrob. Saturnal. Lib. I. cap, 17. t Bryant's Mythol. Vol. L p. 78. F V. 38. g^j. HYMN TO APOLLO. The weeping rock, once Niobe, fufpends 35 Its tears a while, and mute attention knds j No more ihe feems a monument of woe, Nor female fighs thro' Phrygian marble flow. Κα; 1*61/ ^χκξυοίις αναζαλλετα» αλγιχ τσετξος^ Of τΐζ hi Φξυγιγ ^ΐίξος λίύος Ιςηςικτοα, V. 3S. Nor female fighs thro' Phrygian marble flow] The poet could not have chofen a more proper method to enrreafe the veneration for Apollo, than by making Thetis and Niobe fufpend their grief and llilen to the hymns in praife of the deity ; although he had flain the only fon of the one, and the whole family of the other. Thetis, the daughter of the fea, is very properly joined with that element ; and every body knew the ftory of Niobe, who was fuppofed ftill to exift, in form of a rock, on the top of mount Sipylus in Magnefia. Niobe was a Theban princefs, the daughter of Tantalus and filler of Pelops ; according to Homer ihe had fix fons and fix daughters, but Ovid gives her one more of each. Elated on this account flie ran through the ftreets of Thebes, in order to put a flop to the facrifices offered to Latona, vainly imagining that flie herfelf had a fiiperior claim to divine honours, becaufe of her numerous cfFspring. Latona in revenge engaged Apollo and Diana to put all her children to death in the manner related by Homer and Ovid ; but the pafTages are two long for infertion here *. After this the princefs herfelf was carried away by a whirlwind to mount Sipylus, and there changed into a rock, from which flows a perpetual ftream of water in commemora- tion of the tears flie flied for the lofs of her children. The Abbe Banier fuppofes that this fable contains a true but tragical ftory of a peftilence which depopulated the city of Thebes, and deftroyed the children of Niobe, who were here fuppofed to perifli by the darts of Apollo and Diana : after which her huiband, unable to bear fo great a calamity, laid violent hands on himfelf, and (lie retiring into Lydia ended her days near mount Sipylus flupified with grief and ailoniihment, and hence flie was faid to be changed into a * Horn. II. XXIV. Ovid Metamorph. Lib. VI. rock. HYMN το APOLLO. 3^ Sound Ιο ! Ιο ! fuch the dreadful end Of impious mortals, that with Gods contend ; 40 Who dares high heav'ns immortal pow'rs engage, Againil our king a rebel war would wage, Μαξ(/.αξον αντί γυνχικος οιζυοον τι χ^κνοικτ•»;;. Iij, »5j φθίγγείτΰε' κ,ακον f^ccxocpecr'riv Ιριζειν. 2 ζ Ος (ίοίχεταί μακ.οίρε(Γ(ην, εμ,ω βαα-ιλψ [Λχχ^οιτο.. rock*. This explication is confiimed by Callimachus himfelf, who makes Apollo denounce vengeance againil the Thebans, for retaining the fons and daughters of Niobe in their city, as the reader will find in the hymn to Dclos. Others imagine that the whole ftory refers to the annual inundation of Egypt. Niobe is the ininidation. The affront offered to Latona denotes the necelfity flie laid the inhabitants under of retreating to the higher grounds. The fourteen children are the fourteen cubits that marked the- height of the inundation on the Nilometer. Apollo and Diana killing them with their arrows reprefent either the influence of the Sun and Moon in affuaging the deluge, or that labour and induilry overcome all ditHculties. The continuance of Niobe was the preferVation of Egypt. But the word Sefnu, fignifying fafety, was by a fmall alteration changed into Silau.; a ftone. And thus Niobe became a rock. Mr. Bryant, who deduces all the myfterious rites and fables of antiquity from one event, namely the flood, makes Niobe the fame with Noah, though by the Greeks reprefented as a woman. His word» are " ihe Is mentioned as one who was given up to grief, having been a wifnefs to the death of all her children. Her tears flowed night and day, till flic at lafl i^ifTLned with woe, and was turned into a ilone •[." The reader may choofe what fignification he pleafes, and I hope to be excvifed for this long note on one of the moft celebrated fables of antiquity. » Banier's Mythol, Vol. Π. p. 409. f Bryant's Mythol. Vol. II. p. 329. F a V.44. β6 HYMN TO APOLLO, And who rebels againfl: our fovereigns fway Would brave the bright far-ihooting God of day. But rich rewards await the grateful choir 45 That ftill to Phcebus tune tlie living lyre ; From him all honour fprings, and high above He fits, in pow'r, at the right hand of Jove. Of τις IfiU) βοίο-ΐλψ, ^ Αττολλωνι [Λχχ^οιτο, Τον χΰξον ω '"ΰτολλων, ότι όι κχτοι '^υ^ον οίειοει, T<^5jΌς, " a patron of learning and genius." Spanheim. V. 48. He fits, in pow'r, at the right hand of Jove.] Madam Dacier calls this a wonderful paiTage, becaufe in feveral places of facred writ, the fecond perfon of the Trinity is faid to fit at the right hand of his father. But the phrafe in Callimachus is merely metaphorical, in order to exprefs the great power afcribed to Apollo. Spanheim obferves from Ariftides, that Pindar had faid the fame thing of Minerva long before : Π»}»ςθζ S' ίυ φιισι, it|ta» χατβ χ£ΐζα ΤΗ νιατξος αυτήν χα6ίζοαι»ΐΊ> τας ΐ»τολας τοις Θεοιγ βττοΛχίσθβι. •' Pindar fays that ihe fits at the right hand of her father to receive his commands,, which flie communicates to the other deities." And we find the following paflage in Horace ; Proximus illi (i. e. Jovi) tamen occupavit Pallas honores *. Yet firft of all his progeny divine Immortal honours Pallas claims. Francis. ♦ Hor. Lib. Ϊ, Ode 12. The HYMN TO APOLLO. ΖΊ Beyond the day, beyond the night prolong The facred theme, to charm the God of fong. 50 Let all refound his praife ; behold how bright Apollo iliines in robes of golden light ; Gold are his quiver, harp and Lydlian bow. And his fair feet with golden fandals glow. All-bright in gold appears the Pow'r divine, ζ ζ And boundlefs wealth adorns his Delphic ihrine. Immortal youth and heav'nly beauty crown His cheeks unfliaded by the fofteft down, But his fair treifes drop ambrofial dews, DiiVill fsft oils, and healing balm diifufe ; 60 OuT χορος fiBToi ΦοίΌον εφ εν fiovov τη(Λ«ξ α,εκτει, ^Ο Ες-ί yoiP Ιυυανος' τις αν ο\) ρεα Φοιζον αειάοι ; Χρυτεχ τω '-ΰτΰλλωνι, το, τ ενουτον, 5? τ εττι'ποξττις, Η TS λυρη, tq, τ ccsizjx,x το Αυκτιον, η τε φαξετζη' -~f Χρυσ-εχ yi, τα τχτεόίλχ. "ϋτολυχξυοΌς γχξ Αττολλων, Κα< τε -ζίΓολιιχτεχνος. Πυθωνι χε τεχ[>ι.τΐξθίΐο. 35 Κα< Κίν α,ίΐ κχλος Koti κει νέος' ουττοτε Φοιζν Θ'/ιλείχις «ί' όο-ιτον εττι χνοος ■ηλύε τίτχξείχις. Αί ^ε ίίοαχι ^νεντα -πτεοω λειζουσιν ελαιχ. Ου λιτΓος Αττολλωνοί α,ττοςχζ^α-ιν εβείξχι^ The idea t!wt Callimachus was acquainted with the Septuagint prevails fo much among the commentators, that every line, bearing the leaft refemblance to a fcripturc-phrafe, is always thought to be borrowed from thence, while fimilar expreiHons in other ancient poets are paffed over unnoticed. V. oi. U ^8 HYMN TO APOLLO. And on what favour'd city thefe ihall fall. Life, health and fafety guard the facred wall. To great Apollo various arts belong. The ikill of archers and the pow'rs of fong ; By him the fure events of lots are giv'n, 6 ζ By him the prophet fpeaks the will of heav'n. Αλλ' αυτψ ΐίτχνακίίχν. εν κςκ ο ω Κίν ixuvut /^Ο ΠύωΐύΕί ^^^^ Ίΐτειτωσ-ίν, ακχςιχ "srccvT εγενοντο. Ύεχννι S' αι^οφιλαφ^ης « ης το(Τον ο(Τ<τον Αττολλω». Κείνος ΰΐςευτψ 1>^»χ «"'sf*") χεινο; αοι^ον. Φοίζω yuD )^ τοζον εττιτζεττεται }Cf οίοιο'η, ν. 6a. Life, health and fafety guard the facred wall.] The golden ornaments of Apollo, his bow, his arrows, his harp and his quiver are all defcriptive of the great luminary. And the dews, that fall from his golden locks, fignify the efFeft of the Sun in promoting vegetation, purifying the air, and fo diffufing health on every part of the globe. His bow comes from Lyilus, a Cretan city, becaufe the Lyftians adored Apollo as their tutelar deity, and likewife becaufe they were ikilful in archery and the art of bow-making. The wealth of the famous temple of Delphi is well known, and has been celebrated by almoft every ancient poet and hiftorian. This edifice flood in the country of Phocis, on the South Weft extremity of mount ParnaiTus, and enclofed'a large hole or cavern, on the mouth of which was placed a ftool or tripod, from which the prieftefs delivered her oracles. And it may be obferved, that many of the ancient temples were built over caverns. For when the true religion was loft, and the minds of men infefted with the gloom of fuperftition, they always imagined fuch places to be the habitation of a deity. Hence, in more civilized ages, the innermoft part of the temple continued to receive the appellation of the cavern *. V. 65. By him the fure events of lots are giv'n.] The lots, as the Greek fcholiafl * Bryant's Mythol. Vol. L p. ai8. remarks. HYMN TO APOLLO, 39 And wife phyficlans, taught by him delay The ftroke of fate, and turn difeafe away. But we to Nomius, heav'niy fliepherd, cry. Since he, for young Admetus, left the iky ; 70 KetviS OB ^otKt, ycj f^ocvrteg, ey, ^e vu Φοιζα ^ζ Ι•ητξοι oeooiOicnv <χνχζλ•η(Γΐν ^ocvxtoio. Σζοτ ίττ Α[Λ(ρξυ(Γω ζευγηηοχς ετρεφεν Ιττ-ττας, remarks, were three fmall ftones iifed in divination, and tiril difcovcred by three Nymphs the daughters of Jupiter, who prefented them to Pallas. But that Goddefs, inilead of accepting the prefent, reproached the Nymphs for offering her what belonged to another deity, namely Apollo, and threw away the ftones in a place called the Thriafian field. Hence lots were called Ofiai, Thriai. Vulcanius. The learned com- mentator has not told us whence he copied this fabulous narration ; but it contains an excellent moral, and Ihews that thofe pei fens who are guided by Pallas or Wifdom, will improve the prefent time, without being too anxious to pry into futurity. And that they wijl, above all things, avoid the prevalent but pernicious pracflice of gaming. V. 68. and turn difeafe away.] Apollo is faid to be the patron of archers, becaufe the rays of the Sun dart, like fo many arrows, to the earth. He delights in mufic becaufe being placed in the midil of the feven planets, he makes with them a kind of harmony ; and hence the lyre or harp was faid to have feven firings, as the reader will find in the hymn to Deles. He knows all future events, becaufe the beams of the Sun difpel the darknefs of the night ; he is always beardlefs and youthful, becaufe the Sun never grows old nor decays, and he is the patron of the healing art, becauie his vegetative power makes thofe plants to grow whereof medicines are compofed *. * Voir, de Orig. et PiOgreiT. Idolol.-itr. V.;: 40 HYMN TO APOLLO. When burning with defire, he deign'd to feed A mortal's courfers on Amphryfiis's mead. His herds increas'd, and overfpread the ground, Kids leapt, and fportive lambkins friik'd around. Where'er Apollo bent his fav'ring eyes. The flocks with milk abounded, grew in fize. IS 7 Hi5£« uV £fwT< κεκοίυμενος k^f^vjTOto. Piix x£ βπζ,οίτιον TsXeuoi -arXiov, iot κεν οαγες Αενοιντο βίεφεων ειτί[Λ'ηλίΧΰες^ r(riv Αττολλων 50 -he deign'd to feed V. 7a. — A mortal's couriers on Amphryfus' mead] The rtory of Admetiis and Apollo is commonly related in this manner. Apollo, to revenge the death of his fon jEfculapius, who had been (lain by Jupiter, killed the •Cyclops with his arrows, and was, for that reafon, expelled from heaven by his father. Being thus obliged to fliift for his livelihood, he entered into the fervice of Admetus, whence he was called Nomius, or the Shepherd. Callimachus improves this ridiculous fiftion, and gives it a more noble turn, by faying that he defcended from heaven voluntarily, and tended the flocks of Admetus out of love to that prince. According to the hiftorical explication of Banier, Apollo was a King of Arcadia, and being dethroned by his fubjefts on account of the feverity of his government, retired to the court of King Admetus in TheiTaly, who gave him the fovereignty of that part of his dominions, which lay along the banks of the river Amphryfus *. But if we continue the allegory, the meaning muft be, that the fields adjoining to the river Amphryfus were wet and marfliv, and became more fertile in confequence of being dried by the beams of the Sun. Macrobius tells us in confirmation of this, that Apollo was called Nomian, not becaufe he fed the flocks of Admetus, but becaufe the Sun nouriflies every plant that fprings from the earth, " quia Sol pafcit omnia quae terra progenerat f ". * Banier's Mythol. Vol. II. p. 415. f Macrob. p. 339. V.80. HYMN TO APOLLO. 41 And pregnant ewes, that brought one lamb before, Now dropt a double offspring on the fliore. Ere towns are built, or new foundations laid. We ilill invoke the great Apollo's aid, 80 And oracles explore ; for with delight He views new cities rifing on the fight ; And Phoebus felf the deep foundations lays. The God, but four years old, in former days, Βο(Γκο[Λίνγις οφ^αΧμον iTrriyxyiv , ai' αγαλακτα 0<£j, no οίκυθοι, wacxt is κεν εΐεν ύτταονοι. Η οε χε [/,ουνοτοκος, όιάυ/^οίτοχος αίψα yevotrOm Φοιζω S' sinrofjievoi ΊιΤοΧια,ς ίιεΐΛετξ7;σ•οίντο ζ ζ ΑνθρωτΓΟί. Φοίζος γαξ άει ΊίΤΰλιεσΌΊ φιλψει 'Κ.τιζοι/,ενκις, αυτός οε 9•ε^ε;λ/α Φοιζος υφαίνει, Ύετραετι^ς τα. -ΒΓξωτα ^ε[Λειλ(α Φοιζος ετΓ•ηζε V. 8ο. We ftill invoke the great Apollo's aid,] Mr. Bryant obferves that Apollo was called OixTir>i; and Άςχyιγί■rr,ς from being the fuppofed founder of cities, which were generally built in confequence of fome oracle. What colony, fays Cicero, did Greece ever fend into jEtolia, Ionia, Afia, Sicily, or Italy, without having firll confulted about every circumftance relative to it, either at Delphi, or at Dodona, or at the oracle of Ammon *. Spanheim gives the fame account, and we find in Herodotus, that a colony of Spartans made an unfuccefsful voyage to Libya becaufe they had not previoufly confulted the oracle at Delphi -j•. ♦ Bryant's Mythol. Vol. I. p. 282. f Herodot. Lib. V. cap. 42. G V. 85. 42 HYMN TO APOLLO. Firil rais'd a ilrudure on th' Ortygian ground 85 Clofe by the lake that ever circles round ; When young Diana, ikill'd in hunting, laid Unnumber'd goats, on Cynthus' mountain, dead : The careful Goddels brought their heads away. And gave them to the glorious God of day ; 90 He broke the horns, and rais'd v/ith artful toil, A wond'rous altar from the fylvan fpoil. 60 Κκλχ iv OoTuyiij ■ΰτεξί'ηγεος ιγγυθι λι^^νης, Αρτίζ/,ι; αγξω(Γ(Γϋ(Γίχ, κχςνιχτχ συνεγΐς onyuv Κ.υν^ία.2ων φορεεα-χεν, ό S^ Ιττλεκε βω^χ,ον Αττολλων. Αει^ατο ^εν κε^χεσση ISedXnx, τΒ-τιζε όε βω^ον V. 8$. Firft rais'd a ilrufture on th* Ortygian ground] The iiland of Delos was called Ortygia from Όρτϋ|, " a quail," becaufe it was pretended that Latona aiTumed the ihape of that bird, and retired thither in time of her pregnancy, in order to avoid the wrath of Juno. The lake, whofe waters are faid by Callimachus to have been «jfjuiy»; or circling round, was the fource of the river Inopus. V. 92. A wondrous altar from the Sylvan fpoil] This celebrated altar flood in the neighbourhood of the palm-tree mentioned above, and had no doubt been erefted by the priefts of Apollo, who pretended that it was the work of the deity himfelf. Goats and bulls were facrificed to him, and the horns of thefe animals were emblems both of ftrength and power, and of the rays of the Sun. Plutarch takes notice of this altar, as will be mentioned towards the clofe of the hymn to Delos, and fays, but without afligning any reafon for it, that the horns were all taken from the left fide of the head. Euftathius mentions another edifice of the fame kind at Ephefus, likewife fuppofed to have beenbuilt by Apollo from the horns of bulls which Diana killed in hunting *. • Euftath, in II. VIIL V. 96. HYMNTOAPOLLO. ' 43 Plac'd rows on rows, in order ftill difpos'd. Which he with circling walls of horn enclos'd ; And from this model, juft in ev'ry part, 95 Apollo taught mankind the builders art. Befides Apollo fliew'd my native place To Battus, and the fam'd Theraean race, A crow propitious fent, that flew before. And led the wand'rers to the Lybian ihore. 100 Εκ κεξχων, κΐξο,ας is "sn^t^ ΰτηζα-λΧίτο τοκγας» Ώ,ο ί^Λίχ-ύεν τα, Ίΐτ^ωτοι, ^ej^siXia Φοιζος ίγίιραν. Φοιζος ^ βοίθυγειον Ι^Λψ ■ατολιν ΙφραοΈ Bxttui' 6ξ Και Αιζυψ ί(Γΐοντι κορα,Ρ ^γτιιτχτο λχια V. 96. Apollo taught mankind the builders art.] The fecond aorift of the verb μαν^α»ι means either to learn or to teach ; and therefore this verfe is rapable of two fignifications ; either that in this manner Apollo learned, or in this manner Apollo taught others the rudiments of architeilure. The laft is commonly reckoned the true interpretation ; but fome commentators hive rejeiled the verfe itfelf as fpurious. V. 99. A crow propitious fent, that flew before,] A fimilar iloiy is told of Alexander, when he went to confult the oracle of Jupiter Ammon, the Apollo of Egypt. " Jam baud procul oraculi fede aberant, cum complures ccrvi agmini occurrunt, modico volatu prima figna antecedentes, et modo humi refidebant, cum lentius agmen incederet, modo fe pennis ievabant, antecedentium iterque monflrantium ritu *. " They were now not far from the feat of the oracle, when a great flock of ravens came towards them, and flew gently before their van, and fometimes pitched to give them time to come up ; and * Quint. Curt. Lib. IV. c. 7. G a then 44 HYMNTOAPOLLO. Apollo, marking from unclouded ikies. Beheld Cyrene's lofty tow'rs arife. And faithful fwore, that ^Egypt's king iliould gain The new-built city and the fertile plain. To tuneful Phoebus, facred God of fong, 105 In various nations, various names belong*; Some Boedromius, Clarius fome implore. But nam'd Carneus on my native ihore. Αΐζιος οΙκ.ις•ν;ρ' ^ uy.o(r£ τειχεα οω(Γίιν Η[/.ιτεξοις βχ<ηλευ<Γΐν αει ί' Ιυοξκος Αττολλωι/, ί1 '•δτολλοί', "sroXXot σε Έονι^ξομιον καλεαοΊ, Πολλοί ίε Κλα,ρίον' [sroiVTV! ^ε το< owoux τΐΓουλυ) JO then taking wing again preceded them, ihewing them the way, and as it were dilcharging the office of a guide." Digby. Mr. Bryant fuppoles that thefe were the priefts that came to meet Alexander, and who were denominated crows or ravens from their black complexion *. Probably the crow, mentioned by our author, may be explained in the fame manner. V. 103. And faithful fwore, that Egypt's king iliould gain The new built city] Mr. Pitt, Mr. Prior, and Dr. Dodd have all tranflated this paflage in reference to the Cyrenian monarchs, the defcendants of Battus. But the Greek fcholiaft explains it of Ptolemy, and this agrees with ancient hiftory. For the territory of Cyrene was added to the dominions of Egypt by the firft Ptolemy the father of Philadelphus. And it is much more probable that Callimachus would make Apollo promife this country to the prefent poffeflbr, with whom the poet was in high favour, than to a race of Kings extinil long before the time of writing the hymn. V. 108. But nam'd Carneus on my native fliore.] The poet feems to have mentioned * Bryant's Mythol. Vol. II. p. aSg. the HYMN TO APOLLO. 45 Thee, great Carneus ! Sparta firil poiTefs'd, Next Thera's iile was with thy prefence blels'd ; no You crofs'd the fwelling main from Thera's bow'rs. And then refided in Cyrene's tow'rs. Αυτοίξ εγω Κοίζνειον' £[/,οι ts-octouiov ύτω. ΣτΓΧξΤΐ] τοί, Κχξνίΐε, τοοε -ζιταωτιςον είεθλον, ^ευτεξον αυ Θτ^ξν;, τξίτατον γε ^εν κςυ Κυξψνι. the altar of horns, in order to introduce the building of his native city, where Apollo was worfliipped under the name of Carneus, which Mr. Bryant derives from the word Keren, a horn. He obferves " that the Greeks often changed the Nu final into Sigma: hence from Keren they formed χίξας, χίξχτος. and thence they deduced other words all relating to ilrength and eminence. Gerenius, ΓεοιίΗο?, applied to Neftor by Homer fignifies a princely and venerable perfonage. The Egyptian Crane, for its great fervices was held in high honour, being facred to the God of light, Abis, or as the Greeks expreffed it Ibis ; from whence the name was given. It was alfo called Keren and Kerenus, by the Greeks Γίξανος, the noble bird being moft honoured of anv. It was a title of the Sun himfelf: for Apollo was named Craneus, and Carneus; which was no other than Cereneiis, the fupreme deity, the Lord of light : and his feftival ftyled Carnea, ΚαξΗία, was an abbreviation of Cerenea, Kioetiia *." Clarius was a term of the fame import ; and the Greek fcholiaft informs us that the Athenians having confulted the oracle of Apollo about the idue of a war, in which they were engaged, the deity advifed them to ruih upon their enemies with loud ihouts and violent clamours. They obtained the viftory, and hence gave the name Boedromius (from β•^νι clamor, and ifi^u curro) both to the God, and to the month of Auguft in which the battle was fought ; inftituting at the fame time an annual feftival, in commemoration of this event, called alfo Boe- dromian. * Bryant's Mythol. Vol. I. p. 46. V. 116. ^5 HYMNTOAPOLLO. The fixth from Oedipus convey'd the God From Lacedaemon o'er the wat'ry road To Thera's ifle ; but brought from Thera's ftrand 1 1 $ By blamelefs Battus to Aihyilis' land. He rais'd a temple to record thy praife, Appointed annual feafts, on folemn days. In fair Cyrene ; facred hymns refound. And llaughter'd bulls lie bleeding on the ground. 120 Εκ f^sv (τε Σ-πα,ξτνις Ικτον γένος Οίοιττοόχο 11γχ•γε @ΥΐΡ(Χ.ιψ ες αττοκτισ-ιν εκ οε (τε Θηζνις 75 Ονλος Αξΐς•οτελ•ης Ασ-ζυςι^ι -ατκξθετο yuiv. Αεί[/.ε ίε τοι μ,ίχ,λχ κοίλον κνοίκτοξον• εν h τ!Γο\ψ Θτίκε τελεσ-φοξίψ ε•πετ•η(Τίον, ν ενι τιτολλοι Ύς-Άπον ■sriTTTiSiriv εττ' Ια-χ'ον, ω α,νχ, tocu^oi. ν. ιι6. By blamelefs Battus to A%ftis' land.] The Afbyftse or Aibytae inhabited the region of Aibyftis, fo near to the territory of Cyrene, that Callinnachus makes them the fame. Vide Saimafii exercitationes Plinianas ad cap. 28. Solini. Gr^ivius. V. 118. Appointed annual feafts, on folemn days,] The poet means the annual feftival to Apollo Carneiis, which was called Καριια, and was firil inftituted at Sparta in the XXVI. Olympiad, as we learn from Athenaeus. The rites began upon the feventh day of the month Carneiis, about the beginning of winter. Meursius. V. 120. The ftory of Battus and the building of Cyrene.] The poet, by a very artful and beautiful tranfition, introduces the building of his native city, and dwells with pleafure on every circumftance, relating to the famous expedition of Battus, whom he regarded not only as the founder of Cyrene, and the firft who eftablillied the worfliip of Apollo in Libya, but as his own anceftor. He tells us, that Theras, the fixth from Oedipus, led a colony of Spartans to the iiland Callifta, afterwards called from his name Thera, HYMNTOAPOLLO. 47 Ιο ! Carnean Phccbus ! all muil pay Their vows to thee, and on thine altars lay Green herbs and painted flow'rs, when genial fpring Diffufes fweetnefs from Favonius' wing ; I17 i)j, Κχρνειε wcXXvXtTe, (Ttio ie βω^ίοι 8o AvQioc μ,ίν φοξεασ-ιν bv είχξΐ, το(Γ(7» -ατές ω^«< Ώΰίκιλ αγινευοΊ ζεφυοίί wvetovTo; ΙερίΓψ, Thera, whence they were condiifted by Battus tlie fon of Polymneflus to Cyrnus or Cyient, and carried a ftatue of Apollo along with them. According to Herodotus, Theras was ordered by the oracle of Apollo to build a city in Libya ; but he anfwered, " I am old and unfit for fuch an enterprife ; therefore rather command one of thefe young men to undertake this expedition," and at the fame time pointed to Battus. The refponfc of the oracle being thus (lighted, Apollo puniihed the Therjeans with a drought that lafted for feven years, in confequence of which Battus undertook the voyage. He was born with an impediment in his fpeech, and having confulted the oracle in what manner it might be removed, was ordered not to mind his ftammering, but to go and build a city in Libya *. To this the Greek fcholiaft adds, that Africa was at that time much infefted with Lions : and that Battus, being frightened at the appearance of a monftrous lion foon after his arrival, cried out with fuch vehemence as to break the ligament or membrane which confined his tongue, and fo obtained the ufe of his fpeech. After this he built the city of Cyrenfe. His attendants Aajutf, Dorians, were fuppofed to be defcended from Hercules. Herodotus imagines that the prieftefs gave him the title of Battus, which in the Libyan language fignifies a king, and that he had another name before*. This, according to Callimachus, was 'ApiroTt^r,?, Ariftotle. V. 123. Green herbs and painted flow'rs, ] In the firft ages of idolatry, and before the refinements of fuperftition had introduced the cruel rites afterwards put in praftice, offerings to the deities were for the moil part very fimple. The perpetual fire on the altars was fed with herbs and flowers, and the olFerings to Apollo confifted chiefly * Herodot. Lib. IV. cap. 151. f Ib/d. ubi fupra. of ^.8 HYMNTOAPOLLO. But when ftern winter his dark pow'r difpkys 1 25 With yellow crocus feed the rifmg blaze : So flames unceafing deck thy hallow'd ihrine. And breathe fweet odours to thy pow'r divine. With tranfport Phoebus views the warlike dance When fierce Bellona's fons in arms advance, 1 30 And, with brown Lybian virgins, tread the ground. When annual the Carnean feaft comes round. Nor yet Alcides fons had Cyrne feen. Her cryital fountain and extended green, Xetuari h κροκον riSvv, uei οί τοι άίνκον τα-υξ, Ουίί troTi χθίζον τιτεξίζοίΓχετχι ανύξακχ τείρξ-η, Η Ω Ixctpri ι^εγχ Φοιζος, ότε ζως-νίξες Ενυας Β^ Ανερες ωξχεα-χντο [^ετα ζανθ^ιτι Αιζυσσν;, Ύεθαιχι εΰτε ις, Sinis was a famous robber celebrated both for inhuman cruelty in putting to death every traveller that fell in his power, and for enormous flrengtb, which was fo great, that he ufed to bend pine-trees to the earth, and tie the limbs of his captives to branches of different trees, whii h upon being let loofe returned to their natural pofition with fuch vidence, as to tear the poor wretches afunder. Plutarch relates that he was killed by Thefeus, and Ovid mentions both his death and his cruelty in thefe words. Occidit ille Sinis, magnis male viribus iifus, Qui poterat curvare trabes, et agebat ab alto Ad terram late fparfuras corpora pinus *. * Ovid. Metamorph. Lib. VIL v. 440. Η By 50 HYMN TO APOLLO. No rifing town, no mighty ftate obtain'd 145 Such gifts from Phoebus as Cyrene gain'd. In dear remembrance of the ravilli'd dame. That crown'd his love, and gave the city's name. Μι/ωο[Αΐνος ■ζτξοτίξ'ης ΰξττακτυος. i^i f^iv χυτοί 95 By him the tort'rer Sinis was deftroyed, Of ftrength (but ftrength to barb'rous ufe employ'd) That tops of talleft pines to earth could bend, And thus in pieces wretched captives end. Tate. Afterwards the name Sinis came to be ufed as an adjecflive, expreflive of wickednefs. Thus Ariftotle calls the robber Sciron Σι»ι,• imp, a wicked or mifchievous perfon. Meursius. Eurypulus, faid to be the fon of Neptune, was king of the territory of Cyrene before the arrival of Battus. The foreft of Azilis flood in the neighbourhood of Myrtufa a mountain in Libya, called χίξατΛ, or horned, on account of its two lofty promontories, and the citv was built over the fountain Cyrne or Cyre facred to Apollo. Dacier. V. 148. That crown'd his love, and gave the city's name.] Apollo having fallen in love with Cyrene, the daughter of Hypfeus King of Theflaiy, conveyed her from Pelion to the mountain of Myrtufa in Africa, where flie killed a monftrous lion that defolated the country, much about the time that Battus and the Spartans under his command arrived on the coaft. And Apollo, ftanding on the top of the mountain, fliewed them to his bride, before they had reached the place deftined for their future habitation, and while they wandered in the woods of Azilis, where they concealed themfelves after their landin'J, being at firft afraid to venture up the country. If there is any truth in the ilory of Battus, Cyrene had probably accompanied him in his voyage, and flie being either his wife or his miftrefs, he called the new city by her name. And flie might be faid to kill a Lion, becaufe the fcouting parties would have frequent rencounters with thefe terrible animals, and no doubt deftroy numbers of them. But I muft not forget to mention that Mr. Bryant treat i this whole narrative as a fable. He tells us from ^ Palxphatus, HYMN το APOLLO. 51 Nor were her fons ungrateful, but beftow'd Superior honours on their guardian God. 1 50 Now lo ! Ιϋ Pxan ! rings around As firll from Delphi rofe the facred found. When Phoebus fwift defcending deign'd to fliew His heav'nly fliill to draw the golden bow. For when no mortal weapons could repel 155 Enormous Python horrible and fell, BxTTiocdoii Φοιζαιο ΌΓλίον ^ίον οίλΧον Ιτκτα,ν, τ ' ' ' 15} ;5j τιταινιον, uKouof^ev, αιινεκ,χ τατο Α ' * ΛΒλφος τοί urooTtgov ΐψυ^/,νιον ιυρετο λχας^ Η^ος εκΐζολιην -χ^ξίχτεων ΒττεοεικνυίΓο τοζων, ΙΙυθω ΤΟΙ κα,τίοντι (τυνεντετο θ(χ,ι//,ονίος ^ΐΐξ, ' ιοο it 13 1 Αίνος οφίζ. τον ι^εν (τυ κατενοίρες, άλλον εττ αλλω Palaephatus, that the Cyienians were a colony of Cuthites or Ethiopians, and he fuppofes that this nation carried traditions of the deluge wherever they went. According to him, Battiis is the lame with Boutus, a city of Egypt, where was a floating temple, in comme- moration of the fame event; and the name Boutus Cgnitied an ark or float. He derives Cyrenc from Cur, a very ancient epithet of the Sun, takes the name of her father 'ϊ4;ν.;, Hypfeus, in the literal fenfe, and hence interprets her own name 'ΥφιΊ;, Hypfeis, the daughter of the Moil High ; that is, the Sun or Apollo *. If we adopt this explica- tion (which is both plaufibie and ingenious) the voyage of the Spartans, and the crow that led them to the deftined fliore, contain obfcure traditions of the deluge ; and Cyreni killing the Lion fignifies the effeil of the Sun in afluaging the waters, drying the ground, and rendering the world once more habitable. * Bryant's Mythol. Vol. Π. p. 326. Vol. I. p. 40, 83. ' Η a V. I ,-9. β2 HYMN TO APOLLO. From his bright bow inceflant arrows flew. And, as he rofe, the hiffing ferpent flew. Whilft: lo ! lo Pxzn ! numbers cry, Hafl:e launch thy darts, for furely from the iky, 1 60 Thou cam'fl: the great preferver of mankind. As thy fair mother at thy birth defign'd. Βχλλων ωαυν ο.ςον' ΐτΓψττισί άε λαός, Irj ί-ή ■uraiTjovy ist βίλος. ευθύ (τε ι^νιττίξ Τανοίτ αο(Τ(Γ'»ιτ•ηζο<.' το ί' a^ ετι κειΰεν uao-n. V. 159. Whilft Ιδ ! 16 Paean ! numbers cry,] This famous exclamation, fo frequently repeated by the votaries of Apollo during the performance of the facred rites, is derived by fome masx η ■zsaviit τα-ς ana;. Λ feJendo molefiias, and by others 'οαξχ το Tam», a feriendo *, agreeable to the explication of Callimachus Ut β:λοζ, mitte fagittam. And the poet informs us, that this triumphant fliout or acclamation was firft raifed by the inhabi- tants of Delphi, in the time of the dreadful combat between Apollo, and the monfter ]'\ thon. From that time the hymns in honour of Apollo were called Paeans, and the lame acclamation was reperjted in every fong of triumph. Hence Ovid has ufed it to commemorate a vidtory of a fofter kind ; Dicite lo Psean : et lo bis dicite Paean : Decidit in caiTes praeda petita meos \ . Now Ιό Paean iing ! now wreaths prepare ! And with repeated Iog fill the air : The prey is fall'n in my fuccefsful toils ; My artful nets enclofe the lovely fpoils. Dryden. But Spanheim quotes two verfes of Apollonius, to ihew that Ιό Paean had another origin, having been firft introduced by certain Nymphs of ParnalTus called Corycian. See Apollonius Lib. II. v. 714. * Rami Pantb, Mythic, p, 29. t Ovid. Art. Amator. Lib. II. v. i. V. 162. HYMN TO APOLLO. S3 An equal foe, pale envy, late drew near. And thus fuggefted in Apollo's ear ; I hate the bard, who pours not forth his fong, 165 In fwelling numbers, loud, fublime, and rtrong ; No lofty lay iliould in low murmurs glide. But Avild as waves, and founding as the tide. \3 Ο φύονος ΑτΓολλονος εττ' hutu λοίτριος είττεν, IOC Ουκ ayix.fj(,a,i τον κοιόον, ος ai', ccrcc "ΰτοντος, ccu^ei. V. 162. The ίΙοΓ)• of Python.] The death of Python was the firft memorable ηΛΐοη afcribed to Apollo. It is mentioned by almoft every ancient poet and hifborian. Hence Apollo had the name Pythius ; the Pythian games were inflitiited in memorv of the combit, the prieftefs at Delphi was called Pythia ; and the deity himfelf was worihipped under the form of a ferpent, with rays aro\ind his head to denote the beams of the Sun. According to the poets, the goddefs Juno, in order to be revenged of her rival Latona, the mother of Apollo, defcended from heaven, and caxifcd noxious vapours to arife from the earth. Of thefe flie formed a hideoui ferpent, \vho engaged in combat with Apollo, almoft as foon as he was born *. Both the Abbe Banier and INIr. Bryant agree, that the Greek Python was the fame with the Egyptian Typhon. The former fuppofes that this monfter was an allegorical reprefentation of the noxious vapours arifing from the Nile, after the• annual inun;lation begins to fubfide ; and that the viiVory of Apollo fignified the efFefts of the Sun-beams in difperfing the clouds, improving the air, and thus removing difeafes occafioned by the Steams ifTuing from the ftagnant waters f . This agrees pretty well both with the narrative in the text, and witli what was faid before of the healing dews falling from the locks of Apollo. Mr. Brvant makes Tvphon the univerfal deluge j. And either of tliefe opinions is more probable than the explication of Voffius, who fuppofes this tremendous monfter to hare been the fame with O?, Kin» of Baflian, of whom fo many wonders are related by the Jewifli Rabbins §. * Banier's Mythol. Vol. L p. 504. f Banier's M)thol. Vol. L p. 512. ; Bryant's Mythol. Vol. Π. p. 226. § VofT. de Idololat. Lib. I. cap. 26. V. 178 54- HYMN το APOLLO; Fierce with his foot, indignant Phcebus fpurn'd Th' invidious moniler, and in wrath return'd ; 1 70 Wide rolls Euphrates' wave, but foil'd with mud. And duft and flime pollute the fwelling flood : For Ceres ilill the fair Meliife bring The pureft water from the fmalleft fpring, That foftly murm'ring creeps along the plain, 175 And falls, with gentle cadence, to the main. Propitious Phoebus ! thus thy pow'r extend, And foon fliall envy to the iliades defcend. Toi; φΰονον ω '■ατοΧ'Κων -sro^i τ ■ηλασεν, ωοε τ αίτην' Aa-crvom ιζ-οτοίμοιο yAyxg gooj, «λλα τα Έτολλα A'JuxTCi γης ^ woXXcv Ιφ' ύάατι συαφετον έλκει. Δ•ηοι ί' iiJi ατΓΟ Έτχντος ΰοωξ φοξεα<Γΐ Μελισ'ίΓα,ι, Ι 20 Αλλ' τιτις κχθκρτι τε y^ α,χξίχ,αντος κνεξττει Τΐι^χκος εζ Ιερτις oXtyrj λιζχς, κκξον άωτον. Χχίξε uvoiP. C L• Μάμος, »/ ο (ρθοξος, ενύχ νεοιτο. V. 178. The ftory of envy.] This beautiful hymn ends with the vittory of Apollo over Python, but Calliinachus has, with much art, added a Satire on a cotemporary poet, whom all the commentators agree to have been ApoUonius Rhodius, author of the Argonautics. According to them Apollonius had privately endeavoured to prejudice their common patron Ptolemy againfl our author, on account of the brevity of his poems, which Callimachus confidered as a particular excellence ; And we learn from Athenaeus that he was the author of that quaint faying " A great book is a great evil." Καλλίμαχος S γξαμμχ-ηχος to fuya διζλιο» ίσο» l^tyit £ΐ»αι (*£7αλω yxxui*. In the prefent paflage he both ridicules his * Athena. Lib. ΙΠ. cap. i. adverfary, HYMN TO APOLLO. ζ ζ adverfary, and celebrates his patron by comparing the former to Python and the latter to Apollo. And by the fate of Μιι,κο; or envy we are informeii, that the invidious attempts of his enemy proved iinfuccefsful. Cailimachus wrote another Satire againft Apollonius entitled Ίξΐζ *, which is now loft. But Ovid confefles that he has copied the greateft part of this performance in his book againft Hyginus which is ftill extant under the fame title. Nunc quo Battiades inimicum devovet Ibin, Hoc ego devoveo teque tuofque modo. Utque ille, hiftoriis involvam carmina caecis: Non foleam quamvis hoc genus ipfe fequi. lilius ambages imitatus in Ibide dicar, Oblitus moris judiciique mei f. The Meliflae were the prieftelTes of Ceres or Rhea, as has been already mentioned. And as pure water from a fmall fpring was a more acceptable offering to that Goddefs than the muddy waves of a great river, the poet inftnuates, that his illuftrious fovereign re- ceived more pleafure from his fliort peifonnances than from the verbofe but heavy pro- duftions of his jealous rival. Before concluding the notes on this hymn I fliall juft obferve that Apollo was the chief of the eight great Gods of Egypt, frequently mentioned by Herodotus, though he has not favoured us with their names. Mr. Bryant fuppofes thefe to have been the eight per- fons preferved in the Ark, who were deified by their pofterity, and that all the myfte- j-ious rites of Egyptian worfliip were fymbolical reprefentations of the deluge J. The Greeks and Romans increafed their number to twelve, as will be mentioned in the notes on the following Hymn. * Suid in Callim. t Ovid. Ibis. v. 53. J Bryant's Mythol. Vol. Π. p. 231, & feq. END OF THE HYMN TO APOLLO. THE THIRD HYMN ο F CALLIMACHUS. TO DIANA. -L Η O' great Apollo claim the poet's lyre, Yet cold negleft may tempt Diana's ire, •XXPTEMIN (J γχξ Ιλαψξον άει^οντίίΓαη λαύίίτύα,ί) Hymn to Diana.] This hymn to Diana, or the Moon, has jiiftly been reckoned one of the fineft poems of antiquity, and fuperior to either of the foregoing. The poet has exerted all his powers in celebrating this famous divinity, who was fuppofed to be a fe- male; and therefore he reprefents her both as the Moon, and as a beautifuMady poffeffed of many amiable qualifications. She enjoys perpetual virginity by her own choice; flie delights in hunting, an exercife in great repute among the young women of antiquity ; flie ranges the woods and mountains attended by a train of virgins as virtuous as herfelf, and flie never vifits the habitations of mankind, except with an intention of diong good. At the fame time ilie is reprefented as a ftrift lover of juftice ; flie punjflies vice with feverity, and rewards virtue with generofity. The poet has artfully omitted thofe ter- rible attributes which the ancients afcribed unto her under the name of Hecate ; and the Diana of Callimachus is perhaps one of the moil agreeable eharadters that the reader has yet been made acquainted with. Artemis, HYMN TO DIANA. 57 Come, virgin-goddefs, and infpire my fong. To you the chace, the fylvan dance belong, Ύ[/.νε!>[Α.ΐν^ T'/j τοζχ Αίχ,γοζωλιχι τε ^ελοντα,ι, Artemis, the Greek name for Diana, is derived by Plato Ji» το ijTifUi * from intcgiitv, or according to Macrobius trapa tb ts» aspa Tf(x.ti> f , becaufc the light of the Moon difptU the darknefs of the night. Mr. Bryant fuppofes it to be the fame with Ar-temis, the city of X Themis or Thamis ; the Thamuz of Sidon and Egypt. V. I. Tho' great Apollo claims the poet's lyre,] Apollo is not named in the original, but it feemed neceiTary to mention him in the tranflation, partly to preferve a connexion betwixt this and the preceding hymn, Diana being the filter of Apollo, but chiefly on account of that jealoufy for her brother's fuperior power, which llie exprefles a few lines afterwards. This is a diftinguiflied mark of her chara Nor yet the fpotted lynx is doom'd to bleed. -' Be mine the mountains and each rural bow'r, And give one city for thy daughter's dow'r; On mountain-tops iliall my bright arrows ihine, 30 And with the mortal race I'll only join. When matrons torn by agonizing throws Invoke Lucina to relieve their woes ; Αος (?£ [zot af^cpiTToXisg Α[Λνΐ(Γΐό»ς είκοιτι νυι^ι,φαις, I J A» τε jito< evopofiioocg τε, j^, ότητοτε ^Ύΐ^ίπ λυγκκς Mijt' ελοίφας βοίλλοιι^ίΐ, ^οας κ,υνοίς ευ κθ[Α,ίοιΐν. Αος ίε fJLOi ιΐςεα utocvtoc. -sroXiv oe f^oi ψηνα, νει^ον, HvTivcc λγς' (τττοίξνον γχξ οτ Αξτε[/,ις αςυ κα,τεκΓίν. ΟυρείΓίν οΙ)ίνι<τω' ■πτολείπν ο ε7Γΐ[Λΐζομ(χι ανοςων 20 Μανον ότ ο^ειοίΚΓίν ύττ ωόινειπη γυναικ,ες ΤείξΟ/Λενιχι κοίλεαοΊ βο•ηθοον• γα-ί [^ε fMoipoci Γεινοίίενψ τοττοωτον εττεκΧτίξωσ-ίχ,ν ίχ,ξ•ηγειν' V. 23• Let twenty more from fair Amnifius come,] Amnifius was a river, or accord- ing to Stephens, a city of Crete, from which the Cretan virgins were called Amnifiadcs. And Strabo tells us that there was a temple in this city facred to Diana Lucina. Paufanias mentions that the Cretans, in the neighbourhood of Gnoflus, imagined this deity to have been born at Amnifius, and that Ihe was the daughter of Juno. Frifchlinus. V.37. 62 HYMN TO DIANA. For at my birth the attendant Fates aflign'd This tails, to me, in mercy to mankind, 35 Since fair Latona gave me to thy love, And felt no pangs when bleft by fav'ring Jove. Μ'ήτι^ξ, αλλ α,μογητί ψιλών α,ττί^'ηκχτο κολττων. 25, V. 37• The fpeech of Diana.] As this fpeech explains the principal attributes of Diana, whether we confider her as the Moon, or as the goddefs of hunting ; I have here collefted the comments of Spanhelm and Frlfchlinus on the fubjeft. The goddefs afks of her father fame, honour and perpetual virginity ; the habit and arms of a huntrefs, a number of attendants, and the dominion of the mountains and noods : all which may be underftood of the Moon. She retains the vigour of youth, and never grows old, becaufe the heavenly bodies are not fubjeft to change or decay. She has many attendants, becaufe the Moon is fiirrounded by a multitude of flars. She is faid to hunt wild beafts, and to kill them with her arrows, becaufe thefe animals fly at the approach of light, particularly in the night time. She is patient of labour and indefatigable in the chace, becaufe the Moon is unwearied in her courfe and performs it in a fhort time. She is faid to inhabit the mountains and woods, becaufe from them ftie feems to arife, and there flie feems to defcend. Hence Horace juftly celebrates her, as being Montium cufios, nemorumque virgo *. Of groves and mountains guardian maid. Her nymphs, like hcrfelf, enjoy perpetual virginity ; ihe choofes them when they are only nine years old, and ϊτ» roaiJoc; Sc^nfac, i. e. not yet marriageable. For the young women of ancient Greece conftantly wore a μη^α. or Zone after nine years old, but laid it afide when they were married. Thus far the commentators; to which it may be added that the goddefs is barren and a virgin, becaufe ihe has no light of her own, iliines brightelt in Autumn or Winter, and is not endowed with the fame power of promoting vegetation as the Sun. The circular * Hor. Lib. ΠΙ. Ode aa. dance HYMN TO ϋΙΛΝΛ. (,-. She fpoke, and ilretch'd lier hands with infant-art. To ftroak his beard, and gain her father's heart ; But oft flie rais'd her httlc arms in vain, ±o At length with fmiles he thus reliev'd her pain. Fair daughter, lov'd beyond th' immortal race, If fuch as you fpring from a ilol'n embrace. Let furious Juno burn with Jealous ire. Be mine the care to grant your full defiie, 45 A^oi(r9oiiy τίτολλχς οί [Λχτψ Ιταησ-ίτατο χΐίξχς, Μεχςις Ινα τ]^χυ<Γειε. τΒ-ατι/ις ί' Ιτηηυσί yiXci(r(ra,q' ^■η οε κ,οίτοίξξεζων, Οτε μοι τοιχυτα ^εαινχι Ύικ,τοιεν, τυτθον κεν εγω ζ•ηλγΐ[/,ονο; Ηξ'ης ^Ο Xuoyjvvjg dXeyoifii. φίξευ τεκος cca- Ι^ελ-ή^ος dance of her nymphs evidently alludes to the motion of the ftars ; and they come from rivers and the fea, becaufe, hke the Sun and Moon, they feem to fet in the ocean *. Hefiod reckons three thoufand of thefe nymphs ; but why only eighty, or, as fome fay a hundred accompanied Diana it is difficult to determine. Perhaps this opinion may have proceeded ftom fome ancient aftronomical obfervation concerning the motion of the ilars. The city Ihe demands is no doubt Ephefus, where this goddefs was adored as the lupreme deity, and where the poet takes leave of her at the conclufion of the hymn. She prefides over women in child-bed, becaufe the term of pregnancy conftfts of nine lunar refolutions; her hunting habit, quiver and bufkins were ufed by the huntreires of old. Virgil gives the fame to the young women of Carthage ; Virginibus Tyriis mos eil geilare pharetram, Purpureoque alte furas vincire cothurno %■ •f Hef. Theogon. v. 364. % Virg. /Eneid. I. v. 340. 3 V. 5;. 6^ HYMN TO DIANA. And crreater gifts befide : from this bleft hour Shall thirty towns invoke Diana's pow'r. Full thirty towns (for fuch high Jove's decree) Ungirt by walls, iliall pay their vows to thee : O'er public ways Diana ihall prefide 5° And ev'ry port, where ihips in fafety ride. Nor ihall thefe towns alone your pow'r obey, But you with other Gods divide the fway Of diftant iiles amid the wat'ry main. And cities on the continental plain, 55 Where mighty nations iliall adore your name. And groves and altars your proteition claim. Αΐηζίΐ;, y^ S' α,λλα. -ζα-ατνίξ In [Λειζονα ^ωσ-α• Τρις oexoi τοι τϊΓΤολιεύξΛ >^ »% ha srv^yov οττΆΟ-ίτω. Τρις SsKcc τοι Όττολϋ^οί, τα. γ.ιι\ 9-£ίν αΚΚον α,εΡίιν Είσ-εται, α,λλοί. [^.ονψ (τε, ^ Αξτί[Λΐ^ος κα,λεεσ-θχι. 35 Πολλχς (?£ Ρυΐγ -ατολικς ^ιαι^ετο-ηα-χτύοα^ Με(Τ(Γογε^ς, vr,crov; τε' υ^ ειν α,τΓχιτγιην έσονται Αρτέμιδος βωμ,οι τε y^ αλσ-£«. )c, ^/,εν ayviom V. 57• The Tpeech of Jupiter.] Whether the oiatory of Diana, or her fucceeding blandilhments were the moil prevailing arguments with her father, the poet has not informed us ; but ihe feems to have gained his afFeftions entirely. He informs his beloved daughter, that ihe has a powerful enemy, whom yet flie has no occafion to fear, as he is refolved to proteft her. He makes no mention of Apollo, in order to ihew that her fufpicions concerning him are ill-founded ; he grants all her petitions, with many diftinguiilied privileges which ihe did not expeft, and inilead of one town he gives her HYMN TO DIANA. 65 The Thund'rer fpoke, and gave th' almighty nod. That leals his will, and binds th' immortal God. Meantime the joyful Goddefs wings her flight 60 To Greta's ifle with fnowy mountains bright ; Ecrcrri y^ "Ki^iviatnv εττκτκοττος, Γίς ό [jCSV uttuv Αευκον εττι Κ-ρ-γιταιου ορός κεχοι^νι/Λεναν υλτι' her thirty. By this we are informed that Diana was the tutelar deity of thirty cities, the chief of which according to Frifchlinus were Perga in Pamphylia, Tauri in Scythia, Pitane in jEolia, Aulis in Boeotia ; Miletus, Ephefus, Chefius in Ionia ; Pelle and Petra in Achaia ; and Caftabala in Cilicia. The reft are enumerated by Strabo and Paufanias. This was one caufe of the many names given to Diana ; for her adorers never failed to implore her affiftance by the name of their native city. In the fame manner, as goddefs of ftreets and highways ihe received from the Romans the appellation of Trivia, and from the Greeks that of Τρολη;» as Madam Dacier informs us from Varro *. That ihe was the guardian of iQands and harbours is eafily underftood from the Moon being the caufe of the flux and reflux of the ocean. But all the commentators have left us in the dark, why the cities over which flie prefiJes are faid to be unfortified. And this would have been a very neceflary piece of information ; as we are well aflured that Ephefus, Perga, Miletus, and indeed all the capital cities of antiquity were furrounded by lofty walls and ftrong fortifications. Perhaps the meaning may be, that Jupiter intends to compliment Diana, by telling her that (he is to be the guardian goddefs of thirty citici ; becaufe while (lie continues her protedlion they have no need of any other defence. V, 61. To Greta's ifle with fnowy mountains bright ; Thence from Diflynna's hills and bending wood] AifKoii ETTi, Κρ>)ταΐ6ν ορός, X£X0Urf*£V3>' v>ri* There are various opinions with regard to the meaning of the word ?(ΐκι,-, fomc con- • Varro Lib. VIII. de L. L. K. tending 66 HYMN TO DIANA» Thence from Didynna's hills, and bending wood. She feeks the caverns of the rolling flood. And at her call th' attendant virgins come. All nine years old, and yet in infant bloom. . 65 With joy Caratus views the fmiling choir. And hoary Tethys feels reviving fire. When her bright offspring o'er th' enamel'd green. Trip with light footileps and furround their queen. Ενθεν ΙτΓ Ω,κεχνον' -woXexg ί' ίττίλεζατο ννι^φας, ΐίχα-χς είνετεχς, ■ατα,ίΓχς ετι •ϋΓοαοχς α/Λίτ^Ης. Χαίξε ίε Καφατο; ■αΓοτα(Λθς ^εγχ, χκίξε ίε Tij^uc, ΟΰνεΛΟ, ^υγκτερα,ς Aijtw^ al fjLoika (/,-ηκετι τυτθίχι ΟϋίετΓοτ' α,φξΐκη [Λχκοίςων όςοω(Τΐ ^υγατξΒς. Ό ζ their ihoulders, and lifted with both hands. Nor are the etfefts of this dreadful noife confined to the caverns alone; Mount jEtna fliakes to the foundation, and fends forth terrible groans that refound along the coaft of Italy, and return from the diftant ifle of Cyrnus or Corfica. And it muil be owned that the Goddefs feems rather inattentive to her new attendants amidft this terrible commotion. For we have no account how they recovered their fenfes, or made their efcape from the dungeon; nor are they men- tioned again, till the Poet defcribes them unloofing the hinds from the chariot of their miftrefs. She probably imagined that, as their fears were groundlefs, they might be left to recover at leifure. Virgil has not failed to imitate this beautiful paflage in various parts of his works; but though his defcriptions are longer, they have not in general that ftrength and fublimity which we find in this of our author. The moil fuccefsful imitation is in the following iimile. Ac veluti lentis Cyclopes fulmina maflis Cum properant: aUi taurinis follibus auras Accipiunt, redduntque: ahi ftridentia tingunt ^ra lacu: gemit impofitis incudibus ^tna: » Illi inter fe magna vi brachia tollunt In numerum, verfantque tenaci forcipe ferrum •. ' ' As when the Cyclops at that mighty nod, " Now thunder haflen for their angry God : Subdued in fire the flubborn metal lies, One brawny Smith the puffing bellows plies, And draws and blows reciprocating air; Others to quench the hiffing mals prepare. * Virg. Georg. IV. V. 170. With HYMN TO DIANA. 71 100 } For when the daughters of th' immortal Gods, With infant-clamours fill the bleil abodes, Arges or Steropes the mother calls (Two Cyclops grim) from their infernal halls Αλλ οτί κϋξχων τις αττίιδεΰί ι^τιτερι τ£οχο<, Μ•ητ7ΐξ fitv Κυκλώνας Ijj εττι Tsrouli κ»λις•ςει, ^ξ7Ψ) 1 ΣτεςατΓψ' ο οε οω[ζατος εκ, [Λυχ^α,τοισ With lifted arms they order ev'ry blow, And chime their founding hammers in a row With labour'd anvils ^tna groans below. Strongly they ilrike; huge flakes of flames expire; With tongs they turn the fteel, and vex it in the fire. Drtdek. But this defcription, however beautiful, is inferior to that of Cailimachus ; becaufe the noife of the hammers is confined within the cavern, and only fliakes the bottom of the mountain below. Claudian's account of Pluto ftriking the rocks of Sicily with his fceptre makes a kind of counterpart to our author, but much inferior. For inftead of thofc dreadful echoes, which alarm Sicily, Italy, and Corfica, and may be conceived to (hake the very centre of the earth, the found of Pluto's fceptre contrafts inftead of expanding, and at lafl ends in a fingle point, Saxa ferit fceptro, Siculas tonuere cavernae; Turbatur Lipare; ilupuit fornace reiifta Mulciber, et trepidus dejecit fulraina Cycclops f. In order to explain this paffage as an allegory we have only to remember that Diana re- prefents the Moon, and her virgins the Stars. She vifits the manfions of the Cyclops without fear, but her attendants lofe their fenfes, becaufe the light of the moon, pene- trates deeper into thefe caverns than the twinkling of the ftars. And flie recieves her arms from thence, becaufe the appearance of the moon often foretells tempeftuous weather. t Claudian de Rapt. Proferp. Lib II. v. 173. V. 209. η2 HYMN TO DIANA. To feize the froward child ; no Cyclops come. But, loudly threat'ning, from fome inner room 105 Obfequious Hermes fwift before her ftands. With blacken'd face, and with extended hands : The frighted infant, thus compos'd to reft. Forgets its cries, and finks upon her breaft. Έξγίτοίί Ες[Λει•ης (TTTohin κεχς•ηι/.ενος uidv. AvTtxcc τψ κϋξψ ΐΛοςίΛυσ-ΐΓίται. -η oe τεκϋ(Γν;ί JO Αυνίι e^ 8 μυοντα. Χχγοιον, ^ζ ίίοιν of the fame kind is told by Pliny*, and Oppian mentions dogs that were not afraid to encounter the Lion. 'Ojffot μνι3ί λείντας Ιϋζ τρειασιν άνΛΧΎας *. In the paiTage before us, there is ibme difficulty about the meaning of the word TrafBaTia;. Vulcanius contends that it iliouldbe rendered auripetas, long or trailing ears ;but Madam Dacier, with much more probahility, thinks that it fignifies fpotted ear?, as in the tranflation. For very long ears would have given their dreadful adverfary too great an advantage, as a game-cock would foon be defeated, if his comb were uncut. The Spar- tan dogs, mentioned a few lines afterwards, and called xvioanptL•;, from Cynofuris a diilrift of Laconia, faid were to be a breed betwixt the dog and the fox. Madam Dacier, main- tains that thefe were the worft fpecies of fuch animals; but this mufl probably be a mif- take : for doubtlefs Callimachus had better opportunities of knowing the nature of La- cedemonian dogs than any modern however learned can pretend to. Xcnophon has left us fome marks to diftinguifli the good or bad difpofition of a hound from his colour, though fome commentators imagine that the following words relate as m.uch to the na- ture as to the fwiftnefs of the animal. Τα οΈ yjwuenx i χρ Ei»ai τωι χυιων, Ϊτε .ttvojx, art fii λα>2, STt λιυχα Ί!α»τι>Μς, \fi yep s yinsmt ηυτο, άλλ ά*•λΒ» χβι ^/ijiuSi;. " Dogs ihould be neither red, black, nor entirely white; for thefe colours are a fign, not of a generous but of a favage difpofition". The worthy fportfmen of this ifland will not be difpleafed to fee fo many learned quotations on the prefent fubjeft, and to find in what high efti- * Oppian Cyneget. Lib. L v. 416. 2 mation HYMN TO DIANA. 79 I Skill'd thro' the porcupine's dark haunts to go, And trace the footfteps of the bounding roc. The nymph accepting leads her hounds with Ipeed To verdant hills above the Arcadian mead. And on the mountains airy fummit finds ιςο (Sight wond'rous to behold) five beauteous hinds. That on Anaurus' flow'ry margin fed (Where mofly pebbles fill'd his ample bed) Κα/ τίΟίτψ ελχφοίο^ y^ υςςιχρς ίνΰα KccXiai Σνιμ,ψα,ι, iCf ζοςκος Ιττ Ιχνιον xyr,(rciiruait. Ένθίν α7ΓΒξχο[ΛΒνη (μετά, >^ κυνες εσσευοντο) Eupe? £7Γ; TS'pof/.oXrig οοΐος τα Tluapxcnoio Σχοαραα-οίς ελοοφας, [Λεγοι, τι χξεος. αι, μεν εττ ογβ^ς ιοο Κίεν εζακολεοντο [/.ελαμψηφιοος Αναυρίί, niation their favourite quadrupeds were held by Xenophon, Alexander, and other great men of antiquity. V. 146. And hares that never ihut their eyes in fleep] ΰ μνοηχ >>αγ»ΐ(>ι, •' the hare that never winks". Oppiam has a verfe to the fame ροφοΓε. tt»o7£ yap ίϊϊ «' Hares may be drowfy, but they never clofe their eye^lids in ileep." Xenophon ob- ferves, that they conftantly move their eye-lids even when awake. But this does not feem to be founded on fail. For the eyes of hares appear op>en, fixed, and as it were immoveable. Hence the proverb L•ρas tiormiens, or the fleeping hare, which Erafmus applies to thofe who feem bufy about one thing, while they are employed in another. V. 152. That on Anaurus's flow'ry margin fed] Anaurus, according toFiifchi- * Oppian. Cyneget. Lib. IIJ. v. 154. liniif, 8ο Η γ Μ Ν τ ο D I A Ν Α. In fize like bulls, and on their heads divine High horns of beaming gold refplendent iliine. 155^ Soon as the viiion opened on her eyes, Thefe, thele, ihe faid, iliall be Diana's prize. Then, o'er the rocks, puriiui-the mountain-winds, Outftripp'd the dogs, and feiz'd the flying hinds j One unobferv'd efcap'd, but four remain i 6q To draw her chariot thro' th' jEtherial plain. ΜχίΓΟΌνες ■η τχυροι' ΚΒξχων ο α,τΐίΧαμτητο ■χ^ρ\}(Τος. Έ^οίττινίζ ο ίτοίψΒς τε κ^ ον wort ^vf^ov είίττες, Ύντο κ.εν Κοτε^ίοος ισ'ξωτοίγξίον dPtov liyj. ΐίεντ είτιχν αΐ •αηχ.(Τχι' wicuoag ο ελες ωκ.κ "^εαίΓΚ, ΪΟ? ΝίΟΊ^ί κυνοόρο^ινις, Ινα ται ■'joov u^fxx φεραοΊ. linus, was a Theflalian river, that flowed from the famous mount Pelion. It is a- gain mentioned in the hymn to Delos, and likewife by Lucan, Nectenues ventos fufpirat Anaurus *. Celadon was a branch of the river Alpheus, and Cerynaeus a fummit of mount Masna- his, as we learn from the Greek Anthologia. Spanheim. • V. 155. High horns of beaming gold refplendent fliine] Bochart and Swartius are of opinion with Ariftotle, that hinds never have horns; and that there muft be an error in the text. But the experience of our own age ihews this obfervation to be groundlefs ; for not many years ago the king of Denmark had a doe in his poffeffion furniflied with very large horns, an account of which was publiihed by the learned Morhooft. Λ'^υ1θ3ηίυ3. * Lucan. Pharfai : Lib. VL v. 307. V. i6<;. HYMNTODIANA. 8l The fifth by Juno's wiles, took fwift her way Thro* Celadon's dark flood ; the glorious prey To Ceryiiieus' diftant mountains run ; A future prize for great Alcmena's fon. 165 Ύψ ie [Λίαν, Κελα^οντος ΰνεξ "srorxf^oto φνγατΰίν, Ηρτις Mye• of the hinds] The Goddefs being now furniflied with her hunt- ing equipage, immediately takes leave of the fields of Arcadia, agreeable to her change- ful difpofition, and repairs to her favourite mountains; where flie is as fucceisful in the chace, as her fondeft hopes could fuggefl. To the horns of gold mentioned by our author, Virgil has added hoofs of brafs, an emblem of fwiftnefs, though he gives only a very fhort account of the fifth hind, which was killed by Hercules after a whole year's purfuit. Nee vero Alcides tantum telluris obivit! Fixerit aeripedem cervam licet *. Nor Hercules more lands or labours knew; Not tho' the brazen-footed hind he flew. Dryden•. Both the prepofition ίνις, and the adjedive ircno are tranilated according to the opi- nion of Spanheim. The prepofition figniftes />.';• as well as y«/cr, and it is the nature of deer to fwim thro' the neareft river when clofely purfued. The adjeftive is often ren- dered pojlea, and the chace of this hind was not the lail, but the fourth labour of Her- cules, as we learn from the Anthologia. XfUffoKtfo» y ίλα^" f*'Ta Tai^T iyjftfft ΊΐταξΊο* f Auricornam cervam poilhac venatus cil quarto. The fame Commentator informs us, that hinds were facrcd to Diana, on account or their fwiftnefs and longevity ; the former being an emblem of time, and the latter of eternity. Her chariot was likewiie faid to be drawn by mules and oxen, fymbols of • Virg. .Eiicid. Lib VI. v. 801. f Anthol. Gr.xc. Lib. IV. cap. 8. Μ virginitir 82 HYMNTODIANA. Hail, fair Parthenia, beauteous queen of night. Who hurl'd fierce Tityus from the realms of light ; I fee the nymph in golden arms appear. Mount the fwift car, and join th' immortal deer : A golden zone around her waift flie binds, 170 And reins of gold confine the bounding hinds. AoTif^i 'ΰταξθενί'ή; τ/τυοκτοί'ί, χξυα-εα μεν rot HO EvTco; y^ ζ/^νη-, χρυίτεον ί' εζευζαο οιφξον, Σν ί' εζχλευ ρ^^υσ•£<α, θ-εα, κείΛκοειτα-ι γοίΧίνχ. virginity and barrennefs; and Ibmetimes by a black and white horfe to exprefs the vari- ous changes of the moon. The poet has related this fable with all that elegance and concifenefs, for which his writings have been fo juiily admired ; and in order to compre- hend his meaning, we have only to confider Diana in her true charafter; namely, as reprefenting the moon. Aftronomy teaches us that a lunar revolution, or from one change to another is divided into eight parts commonly called oftants, two of which make a quarter. Callimachus has not told us the colour of the hinds, but according to other authors they were white, whitenefs being an emblem of virginity. The Goddefs finds them by a river fide on the top of a hill, becaufe the moon feems to arife from rivers and mountains. They are four in number to reprefent the four phafes or qtaarters of the moon, the horns of gold fignify the eight Oftants ; the hind that efcapes denotes the ftars ■which are not fubjeil to the lunar influence; and her catching four out of five denotes the fuperior prooortion of her lufire to theirs. Juno, as well as Jupiter, fometimes repre- fented the heavens or aether; flie aflifl:s the fifth in her flight, becaufe the ftars, like the moon, appear in the hrm.iment. Thus, from every fable of Callimachus, we are at once entertained with beautiful fiftion, and made acquainted with ufeful truth. The ftory of Hercules killing the fifth hind feems only a different account of Endy- mion's amour with Diana, which will be more particularly mentioned afterwards. En- dymion was much addifted to the iludy of aflronomy ; and in like manner, we may fup- pofe that Hercules, or whoever is meant, fpent a twelvemonth in obferving the mo- tions of the Stars. V. 176. HYMN TO DIANA. 83 But whether firil, Ο facred virgin, fay. Did your bright chariot whirl its airy way ? To Hsmus' hills, whence Boreas fiercely blows On wretched mortals froil and winter fnows. 17 r But whence the pine, and whence the kindling flame ? The pine from Myfia's lofty mountain came ; Jove's thunder roar'd ; red lightning ilream'd on high To light the torch that blazes through the iky. Say next, how oft the filver bow you drew, 1 80 And where, bright queen, your vengeful arrows flew. An elm receiv'd the firft, an oak the next ; The third a mountain favage deep transfix'd ; Πα ^ε (re τοττξωτον κΐξοΐΐς ο-χρς ■ηζΡκτ ccitonv ; Alfiu ΐτΓΐ Θ^τΐίκι, το9ίν βοςεκο κ,χταίζ Έ,ξχίτχι αχλκινοκη Su^ τοζα, ^ ΰντυγες, αϊ re ere ξίΐα 14O Θ^ι-ητ^ φoξίiS(ΓtVy οτ ες Α'ος οίκον ελκυνεις. Έ,νθχ τοι α,νηοωντες ενι ■ζτξοι/,ολ'ηη οεχοντοίΐ, ΟτΓλα [λ,εν Εξμ.ε(•ης α,ΆΧΚψιος, αΰταξ Αττολλων, Θψίον ο, τ]ι φΐξ•/ι<Γ^χ, τίΓΟίξοιΘε οε, "sr^tv -ΰτεξ Ιτίεσ^οα imagines that Callimachus had written other poems (now loft) in praife of Apollo, Diana, and Latona's marriage, or rather amour with Jupiter. V. 316. Your coming Acacefian Hermes waits] Mercury was the tutelar deity of Acacecus a city of Arcadia, fo called from Acacus the fon of Lycaon an Arcadian King. A ftatue of the God was placed on a neighbouring mountain. Vulcanius The fame title is given to Mercury by Homer, viz. Άκακιιτ»!; *, the fame with Λκμο?, and fignifies a preferver from evil.— Two reafons may be affigned why Mercury and Apollo are faid to wait for Diana at the gates of heaven. The firft is becaufe ftntues were erefted to thefe deities before the doors of houfes : but the laft and beft is from aftronomy. The Sun and Moon frequently appear in the firmament at the fame time, » Horn, Odyfs. XXIV. v. 10. and Η y^ί Ν TO DIANA. 89 This ίαβί to him was by the Gods decreed. So from his ancient labours fcarcely freed. Before th' eternal doors the hero ftands, Expefts the prey, and waits your dread commands. 225 In laughing crowds the joyous Gods appear. But chief th' imperious ftep-dame's voice you hear Loud o'er the reft, to fee Tirynthius pull Th' unwieldy weight of fome enormous bull. Καρτερον Αλκαοψ' νυν ί' «κ ετι τατον ΰεύλον 1 45 Φοίζος έχει. τοιος γχς οία Τΐξυνύιος κκ/ζων EfijJis τϊΓΡΟ τΰ'ΌΧείαν, τΰΌτίοεγι^ενος εΐ Tt φεοϋ<τα. Ns<«< 'ΰτιον εοε(Γ[/,α. θεο< ο ίτη Ώτχντες εκεινω AXXrjKTOV γελοωτι^ fjLotXtgx οε τσενθερνι οίυττι, Ύα,υρον ότ εκ, οιφοοιο i^xKx fityocvy ■η ότε χλανψ Ι ςβ mid Mercury has the fame phafes with the moon, appearing fometimes horned, fometimei gibbous, and fometimes fliining with a round face. And from this refemblance the poet Could not have found a more proper attendant on Diana. V. 228. To fee Tirynthius pull] Hercules had the Name Tirynthius from Tiryn- thia a city of Peloponnefus, where he was faid to hnve pafled his infancy. Juno be- came his mother in law, becaufe, after his deification he married her daughter Hebe, or in other words attained the enjoyment of immortal youth. But Juno, who was alio his Hep-mother feems ftill to retain part of her ancient malice, when the fight of her ion-in-law in an awkward fituation gives her fo much pleafure. She adopted Her- cules after he was ranked among the Gods, and the ceremony of his adoption is thus related. Juno laid herfelf on a bed, as if in labour, and placed Hercules in fuch a man- ner, that he fell to the ground as from under her petticoats *. His marriage with Hebe * Diodov. Sicul. Lib. IV cap. 40. Ν flJJttjfiiS go HYMN TO DIANA. That with his hinder foot impatient fpurns 230 The lab'ring God, as from the car he turns. The braΛvny hero, tho' with toil oppreft, Approach'd the nymph, and quaintly thus addreil. ΚατΓξον ίτΓΚΓ^ί^ιοιο φεξοι TiroSog α.ίΤ'ΤΤαΐροντί», Κΐξοαλιω (Λυθώ (Γ£, S^eij, [ΛΟίλα τωίε τϊΓίνυίΓκει, fignifiesthat ftrength and youth always go hand inhand. And befides Hebe or youth being the daughter of Juno or the air, implies that nothing contributes fo much to the prefer- vation of health and ilrenth as open air and plenty of exercife. Hercules making fport to the other deities is doubtlefs an imitation of that paiTage of Homer, where Vulcan ap• pears as Cup-bearer at the celeilial feaft. Avraf ό το(ς αλλαισι Οίίίς tvii^ix 'ττίίσιν ζΐνοχοεί^ yXvav ny.Tup u'Jto κρτϊΐρος α,φνσσϋν» ^ Ασβίτοζ ίά ^Etupro γζλνς μα,καξίσσί Stoi^ii', • Ώς itfov H^aifor σία οαί^τα ΤΓοιΤΓίϋοΐ'Τα*- ""*.' Then to the reft he filled; and in his turn, Each to his lips apply 'd the neftar'd urn, Vulcan, with awkward grace, his office plies, And unextinguifli'd laughter fliakes the ikies. Pope. But it is plain to an impartial obferver that in this inftance Callimachus excells Homer; for Vulcan attends the Gods, but they run to the gates of heaven to'enjoy the buffoon- ery of Hercules, whom other authors mention to have poflefled no fmall ihare of humour, as well as generofity. Thus, when Jupiter offered him a place among the twelve fuperior deities, after his marriage with Hebe, the hero declined the honour, alleging that there was no vacancy and that it would be unreafonable to degrade any other God to make room for him f . But being endowed with a moil excellent appetite, whence he had the furnameof Bspayo{, or Beef-eater, it is moft probable that, like Sancho, he chofe to devour his vitftuals ,in private where no fpedlator could animadvert on the quantity fwallowed. * Horn II. I. v. 596. t Diodor. ubi fupra. And HYMN TO DIANA. 91 Strike fure the favage beail, and man to thee Will give the name before beftow'd on me, 235 The great Deliv'rer ; let the timid hare. And bearded goat to native hills repair. And there fecurely range. What ills proceed From hares or goats that on the mountains feed ? Wild boars, and trampling bulls oft render vain 240 The peafant's toil, and wafte the rip'ning grain ; Aim there your darts, and let the monfters feel The mortal wound, and the iharp-pointed fteel. Βάλλε κ,χκας ετη ^•ηξχς. Ινα, ^mjto;^ βο•η9ον^ Ώ,ς Sjwe, κικλ-ηΐΓκωιην . εχ τίΓξοκας 'ηόβ λχγωας θυρεοί βοσ-κ,είτθχι' τι οε κεν -ατςοκες ^ίε λχγωοι Ι ςς Ρίζειαν ; (τυες εξγα, συες φυτχ λυ^ιοανοντοα. Κα/ βοές κνύξωτίοκτι κακοί/ [Λεγχ. βχλλ εττι κ^ τ^ς. And hence it appears, that our author had an intention of ridiculing this hero, from the ftrange employment allotted to him in heaven. For the ancients were of opinion, that departed fpirits pofTefTed the fame faculties appetites, paflions, and indeed the fame im- perfeilions as before the fcparation of the foul from the body. Thus the giant Orion is armed with a huge mace of brafs, and hunts wild beails in the infernal fliadcs ; the ghofls of Achilles and Patroclus are infeparable companions, and Sifyphus fweats as he rolls the ftone up the mountain*. V. %if%. The fpeech of Hercules] Thefe words are admirably adapted to the cha- raftcr of the fpeaker. He begins with all the bluntnefs of an ancient hero, and without the leaft mark of refpedt for the Goddefs, B«Wi xaxsj ijnCiifi»;, Kill deflruClive animals. The * Horn. OdyiT. Lib. XI. Ν ζ wit g2 HYMN TO DTANA. He fpoke, renew'd his toil, and heav'd away With fecret gladnefs the reluftant prey. 245 Beneath the Phrygian oak his bones were burn'd. And his immortal part to heav'n rcturn'd, Πς Ινεττεν, τα^ινος oe ι^εγχν "ΰτεξί ^vjocx, urovetTo, Oj ytxp ογε Φρυγΐ'/] τνίο υττο opvi yjix ^'εωυείζ wit or quaintnefs ot the fpeech, as the word «ρ^αλω fignifies, plainly confifts in this : he defires, indeed commands Diana to fpare fmall and harmlefs animals, and to employ her arrows on wild-boars, and bulls, that often hinder population, and lay wafte whole pro- vinces. But the true reafon is, that he may have an opportunity of fatiating his gluttony, a quality for which many modern Heroes have been equally remarkable. Thus, with all his feeming roughnefs, he contrives both to fatisfy his own appetite, and to flatter Diana's vanity, of which with all her good qualities, flie feems to have pofleiTed no in- eonfiderable fhare ; as appears by the many names (he wifties to be invoked, by the num- ber of her attendants, and the eagernefs with which flie purfues the white hinds. If the poet intends any ridicule on Hercules, it mufl be contained in this fpeech. For one would imagine that all the great aftions of this hero proceeded from one fource, namely, an in- iatiable defire of eating. And I may be allowed to remark that he was eminent for a fifter-property of almoil equal importance, namely drinking, in which he is faid to have arrived at a degree of perfeftion unknown either before or fince; for he never travelled without a Cup of fuch immenfe magnitude, that it ferved him at once for a boat and a drinking glafs*. V. 246. Beneath the Phrygian oak his bones were burned] Spanheim and Frifchilinus obferve, that thekingdom of Phrygia is not meant here, but one of the fummits of mount Oeta, called Phrygia, where an oak tree grew; by the fide of which Hercules raifed a funeral pile, and threw himfelf into it, yet alive. For the particulars of this ilory fe« Ovid. JNIetamorph. Lib. IX• * Macrob. Lib V, V. Η9• HYMN TO DIANA. 93 Yet ilill tormented with fierce hunger's rage. As when Theiodamas he durfl eniraee. Amnifian virgins from the car unbind 2 CO The facred deer, and drefs each panting hind ;^ Ambrofial herbage by their hands is giv'n From meadows facred to the queen of heav'n, Where Jove's immortal courfer's feed. They bring Refrefliing water from a heav'nly fpring 255 In golden cifterns of a?therial mold, The draught more grateful from a vafe of gold. Παυίτατ κίτιφαγί'ης Ιτι ol -^ταξοί νηου; εχίΐνη ΐ6θ T»j TtTor' κξοτριχονη συνψτίτο Θειοόχιχ,χντι, Σοι ί' AfAViinoiSeg (Λεν υττο ζBuγλ■>|!pi λυύεκτκς Ψτίχ^ααΊν ζε^οί,^α,ς, ■arupoi Ss σφκτι τταλυ νείΛεσύχι Ηξ•ης εκ λει^^ωνος α(/,•ηί7χ^ενχι φοοεαΰΊν Ώ,χνθοον τζίττετηλον ο y^ Αίας Ιττττοι εόαιτι. l6c Σν y^ χξυ(Γείχς υττολψίοχς εττ'Κ^ίΤχντο Ύΰχτος, c(po ελχφοιΟΊ tstotov ^υ(ΛΧζμ,ενον ει-η. V. 245• -^^ when Theiodamas he durft engage] Theiodamas or Theodaraantus .ic- cording to Banier, was a king of Myfia, whom Hercules in the courfe of his travels met one day plowing a field with oxen. The hero being, according to cuftom, ready to faint with hunger, demanded fome viduals, which the king refufing, Hercules imme- diately killed him, and fnatching up one of the Oxen, devoured it without ceremony, iTiin, bones and all. And from this it was ufual among the ancients, to fwear by Her- cules the Beef-eater : Μα TO» /3Β9οι>α»'Ηξακλι«*. However, to make iome amends, he took the king's fon Hylas along with him, who afterwards became his friend. * Antholog. cap. Will. Epigr. 40. V. 26j. 94 HYMN το DIANA. But you, fair nymph, cali'd by the pow'rs above, Afcend the manfions of imperial Jove •, The Gods rofe graceful, when the virgin queen, 260 With beauteous afpedt, and with look ferene By Phcebus' fide aflum'd her filver throne. Next him in power, and next in glory ihone. But when, with fportive limbs, the nymphs are feen To dance in mazy circles round their queen, 265 Near the cool fountains whence Inopus rofe. Broad as the Nile, and like the Nile o'erflows ; Auryj ό β; τΰΌίτοος oof /,ον εο•χίΐχ.ί ο» σε cr εφ εοοψ Ώχντες ο^^ως κχλεασΊ. (τυ ο Αττολλωνι τίηχξίζεϋ. HviKtx. ο ui νυαφχι (τε "χρρω ενι KuaXucroVTcci Ι70 hyyo^i Ίΰ•εγχων AtyUTTTiiS ΐνωττοιο, V. 263• Next him in pow'r and next in glory iliovvn] Claudian has imitated the paflage where Callimachus defcribes the nymphs unbinding the hinds from the chariot. Cervi curnim fubiere jugales Qiios decus efTe Deoe primi fiib limine raeli Rofcida faecundis concepitLuna cavernisf. And thefe hinds (who muft likewife be fuppofed GoddeiTes) feem to have imbibed part of their miftiefs's tafte for magnificence, by refufinp to drink, unlefs they are ferved from veflels of gold. The Gods inviting Diana to the fkies, and ihe taking her feat by the fide of Apollo plainly intimate that the moon is next to the fun the brighteft Luminary in the heavens. V. 266. Near the cool fountains whence Inopus rofe] A river of Delos that over- flows and decreafes annually like the Nile, and hence Λν35 named the Egyptian river. * Claud, fee Conl. Stilich. v. 268. I The HYMN TO DIANA. 95 Or when to Pitane or Limnas's meads. Or Alae's flow'ry field, the Goddefs leads The choir, from Taurus black with human blood, 270 And turns difguftful from the Scythian brood. That day my heifers to the ftall retire. Nor turn the green fward for another's hire ; Η UtToivvig, [y^ γαξ ϋιτοϋ/η ιτεθίν) ■η Ινι Αιμνχις, Η ίνα, οιχ,ΐ(^αν, Αλχς λξα<ρψι^ας οΙκ•η(Γασ•ίχ Ηλύες ατΐο Σκυθικής, α,ττο ί' είτταο τε9[Λΐχ Ύαυξων, ΙΛνι νειου τι^μ^ατος ε/ΛΟίΐ βοίς• είνεκα, [Λίτθα 1 75 ΎετζαγΊον τε/Λνοιεν υττ ΰλλοτςιω ccpoTyjoi. Η γκρ κεν γΰΐα,ζ τε kj κυ-χενχ κεκ^•ηκιιια» The Delians imagined tliat there was a fubterraneoiis communication betwixt the foun- tains of Inopus and the Nile. It will be feen in the next hymn that this was likewifc the opinion of Callimachus. Dacier. V. a6S--27i. Two Grecian cities were called Pitane, one in Laconia near the Euro- tas, and the other in jEolia, near the mouth of the river Alpheus. The former is fup- pofed to be meant here. Limns was a diftrift fituated on the borders of Laconia, and poflelTed in common, by the Dorians, Spartans and MefTenians. Here flood a temple fa- cred to Diana Limnas. Alae was part of Attica. Spanheim and Frifchlinus. Taurus was a diftrift of that part of Scythia, now called lefler Tartary fituated on the North of the ancient Cherfonefus Taurica, now Crimea. In this country human facrifi- ces were offered to Diana Taurica * ; and the Poet exprefTes his deteflation of this horrid pra£tice, by telling us that Diana turns with difguft from thefe inhofpitable climes. * Heredot. Lib. IV. Tho• q6 HVMN to DIANA. Tho' nine years old, and in Tymphaea born. Their limbs tho' fturdy, and tho' ftrong of horn ty^ To drag the plough, and cleave the mellow foil ; Yet would their necks, o'erlabour'd bend with toil. When Sol himfelf leans downward from the iky. Beholds the virgins with enraptur'd eye. Detains his chariot, whence new glories pour, 280 Prolongs the day, and ftops the flying hour. What city, mountain, or what facred ifle, What harbour boafts your moft aufpicious fmile ? And of th' attendant nymphs, that fportful rove Along the hills, who moil: enjoys your love, 285 Ο .Goddefs tell : If you infpire their praife. Admiring nations will attend my lays. Your favour Perga, green Doliche boails, Taygettus' mountains, and Euripus' coafl-s i KoTTpov ΙτΓΐ τίτξογίνσιντο, y^ εΐ Ύυμφχαάίς εΐεν, Έΐναε~ίζο[Λενχί, κεξχελκεες, αί [Λεγ aot^oit Ύεμ,νείν αλκκ βχθεια,ν. εττει ^εος αττοτ εκείνον " ι8θ ϋλύε -ΰΓΧξ Ηελιος κχλον χοςον' άλλα ^εηται ^Kppov εττίςνιίΓΛς, τχ οε φαεα, [Λτιχ,ννοντοίΐ. Ύις ^ε W τί< νη(Γων, woiov ο' οξος iwh -ΰτλειςον y Ύις Se λΐ[/,ψ ; ΐϊτοιτ; οε woXig i τινχ ο ίζ,ογοί, νν^Λψεων Φίλαο, iCf sroixg -^ζωιοκς 1(τγες Ιταίξχς ; 185 EtVg θεα, συ (Λεν xi^fjuv, εγω ί" ετεροκην «.εκτω. NijcTiiJi' [/.εν Αολιχ^η, ixroKiuv οί τοι ίΰχοε Ώεργ•/ι, » And HYMN TO DIANA. 97 And Britomartis, from Gertynas' grove, 290 Of all the nymphs enjoys diftinguiili'd love : Fair Britomartis (iliill'd to wing the dart. And pierce with certain wound the diftant hart) Imperial Minos chac'd with wild defire. O'er Cretan hills, and made the nymph retire 295 To fome far diftant oak's extended iliade. Or iheltring grove, or marfli's wat'ry bed. Nine months the king purfued, with furious haile, O'er rocks abrupt, and precipices vail. Nor once gave back, but when the blooming maid 300 Was jull within his pow'r, and none gave aid. His grafp eluding, from the impending fteep Headlong (he plung'd amid the fwelling deep. But friendly filhers on the main difplay'd Their nets widc-ilretching to receive the maid, 305 Τ•ηϋγετον ό' οξεων, λΐ(ίΒνες γε y,iv Ευξ(7Τοιθ, Έζοχα. ί' αλλχων Γοξτυνιοχ φιλαο νυ^φψ, Έλλοψονον, Βξίτοι^ίΧξτιν, ευίτζοττον' -ης Ότοτε Μινως ι go Ώτοίγιθεις ύττ' εοωτι κ,ατεοξχμεν ^ρεοί Κξ7;τ7ΐς. Η ί' ότε [^εν Xxcriy]]. Αλλοτε ί' εΙοίΐΛενιηίπν . ο S' εννέα [/,ψχς εφοιτχ Τϊχιτταλχ τε κξ^ή^λνας τε' ^ »κ ανεττχυίτε οιωκτυν, Με<Γ<ρ' ότε jwaoTrro^wsvij y^ iij (τχ^ε^ον -ηλχτο τσοντβν 195 ΪΙξψνος ε| υτΓχτοιο' ylj ενύοξεν εΙς χλι•ηων Ο And C)8 HYMN το DIANA. And thus preferv'd her from a wat'ry death. Worn out with toil, and panting ftill for breath. And in fucceeding times Cydonians hence Didlynna * call'd the nymph ; the mountain, whence She leapt into the fea, bear Difte's name, 310 Where annual rites record the virgin's fame. On that bleft day, fair nymph, is wove for thee A Garland from the pine or maflich tree; The myrtle-branch untouch'd, that duril aflail The flying m.aid and rent her fnowy veil, 3 Γ5 And hence the man muft bear the virgins frown. Who ihall her altars with freili myrtles crown. The name Didlynna too the Cretans gave (From her who fearlefs plung'd beneath the wave) AtKTua, Tx σ-φ' Β(Γχωτίν. όθεν [/.ίτεττειτα Ku^vei 'Νν^Λψοίν [Λ,ίν, Αίκτυνχν, οοος ο ouev 'ήλχτο fUjU(pyi, A.f-iTKiav χχλεϋίην. ανε^^τισ-χντο 6ί βωμνς, ίεξΰί, τε ρεζϋ<η. το is ς'εφος r,fiXTi κεινω, 20• Η ■ατίτνς^ η α-χινος' μυςτοω ^s χείξες ddtxToi, Δ•η τοτε γχξ is-BTrXmciv ενεσ-χετο |Jl.υξΰ■tvoς όζος Ύτ,ς Knpyii, Ότ Ιφευγεν' όθεν μέγα χακτατο μυξτω, * The Greek word JixTtio» Cgnifies a net; in the phiral λϋΐι;*; hence the name of the nymph, in memory of the means by which ilie was faved from drowning, and of the ad- mirable chaftity, which expofed her to that danger. Virgil in his Ciris mentions this ftory, and fays that the Moon, or Diana, was called Diftynna from the name of the nymph. Diftynnam dixere tuo de nomine lunam. To HYM>5 TO DIANA. 99 To you fair Upis, * from whole facred brows 320 Refplendent glory with mild luftre flows ; But in your breaft the nymph Cyrene fliares An equal place, and equal favour bears. To whom in days of old your hands convey 'd Two beauteous hounds, with which the warlike maid Acquired renown before th' Jolcian tomb. All-bright with locks of gold fee Procris come, Majeftic matron, Cephalus's fpoufc. Whom, tho' no virgin, you great Goddefs choofe Companion of the chace, but o'er the reft 330 Mild Anticlea your regard poileft : Fair as the light, and dearer than your eyes, She claims protedlion by fuperior ties. OvTFt κναττ ΒυωτΓΐ, φ/ζεσ-φοοε >^ ίε ere κείνης K.prjTOiieg καλε^ιτιν ίττωνυ/^ιψ «ττο νυιχ,φ•ής. 20^ Κα* (Α,ψ Κ,υξψψ eToi^iircrxOf τν thot ίοωκας AuTsj ^'ηξ'ητνιρε ^υω κυνε^ τοις ενι κϋξη Ύ^ψζ ■ζα-αοοί τυ^ζον Ιωλκ,ιον sf^f^o^ <χ,ε9λα. Και Κεφχλα ζχνθψ α,Χογον ΑψανΛασ TloTVix (Τψ ofjio^mov εύϊΐκ,αο' y^ οε (τε φοίΟΊ 2 ΙΟ Κκλψ Ανηκλειοίν Ισον φχεε(Γα•ι φιλιισ-αι. * Upis is an appellation of Diana either, amia cTi^wfla» τβ{ τιχτ»»ίβ(, from her attending women in child-bed, or from tiiiii, (ab. timtun) denoting the difpenfer of light. Ο 2 Thcle 1 Λ r 0^5 ΙΟΟ HYMN TO DIANA, Thefe firil bore quivers, thefe you taught to wing The founding arrow from the trembling firing, With their right ihoulders, and white bofoms bare. They lead the chace, and join the fylvan war. Your praifes too fwift Atalanta charm, Jafius' daughter, whofe refiillefs arm O'erthrew the boar^ you fliew'd the nymph with art 304 T' incite the hounds, and aim the unerring dart. But Calydonian hunters now no more Difpute the prize, fince the fair virgin bore The glorious trophy to th' Arcadian plain. Where his white teeth record the monfter flain. 345 Nor now iliall Rhcecus, nor Hylsus young. With luiV inflam'd, or with fell envy ftung, A» τΰ-ρωται θοα To|a y^ αμ•(ρ ω/Λοκτ» φαζίτξας Ιο^οκας Ιφοξτια-χν' ΰτυλωτοι as φιν ΰ[Λθΐ ^εζιτεροι, y^ yvfivog uet -ΰτοίξίφιχινΐτο (λ.α,ζος. Ηνησ-χς ί' Ιτι τιτχγχυ τίτοοΰξξωψ Ατχλαντψ 21 ^ Καρψ loicrioio ονοκτονον ΑοιιασΊόχο^ Κα; Ι κυνηλχσ-ιψ τε κα< εΰς-οχι^ν εόιοοιζοις. OJ i/.tv ΙτΓίκλ'ητο^ KoίλυL•vίH ΰγξευτ'ήςες Μειιφονται χα,ττξοιο. τα, γκξ σνιμψιχ, νικιις Αρκοί^ιψ είσ-γιλθεν, έχει ί' έ-; ^■ηξο; ο^οντκς. 220 OJie jwei/ "Chuiov τε ii, άφξονα. Yomqv εολνα, Ου^ΐ "ϋτΐξ εχβχίξοντας, Ιν at'^t [/,u[^yiir£(r9■??«, Μειλιον άττλοίΐ;?, οτε οΐ κατε^τια-χς «ij-faj, 230 Ύευχξοιν ψικα ντ,ες Αχαιιίες αςεα, xijis;v Υ,-π'Κεον, ιχι^,φ Έ.'Κεν'ή Yoc^JLV^scrtot ^υ^ω^εκτα,ι. Η υ,εν τοι Πξοιτος γε Suca Ixcc^Krcaro νψυς' Αλλον μεν Kofiijj, ότι οΐ συνεΧεζ^αο καξχς * Helen was called Rhamnufian from Rhamnus, a town of Attic a; whei'-e, according to the fcholiaft, Jupiter lay with Nemefis, the proteiting Divinity of the place. Nemefis in order to fliun the embraces of Jupiter metamorphofed herfelf into a fwan, and the efFe£t* of his compreffing her in that ihape, was the famous egg, which produced Helen and her brothers Caftor and Pollux. t The ftory of Prxtus daughters who fancied themfelves heifers is well known. See Ovid. Metamorph. 1. 15. v. 327 who afcribes their cure to Melampus, who employed for this purpofe black hellebore, fmce called from his name Melampodion, To HYMN 1 ο DIANA. IO3 To Hemercfia one in Loufla's lliades. Mild Hemerefia cur'd the furious maids. Fierce Amazonian dames to battle bred. Along th' Ephefian plains by Hippo led, 375 With pious hands a golden ilatue bore Of you, bright Upis, to the facred iliore Plac'd vv^here a beech-tree's ample iliade invites The warlike band to join the holy rites. Around the tree they claih their maiden ihields, 38b With founding ftrokes that echo thro' the fields; Swift, o'er the iliores, in wider circles fpring. Join hand in hand to form a mazy ring. And beat, with meafur'd fteps, the trembling ground Refponfive to the ihrill pipe's piercing found ; 385 Oupeot ΤΒ-λα,ζοι/,Βνα,ς κζεινια.' τον S' In Αασα-ας 235 Huepr. ΰυνίκα %ΐΛον aV α,γξίον εΙλεο ττοϋοων. Σοι vcf ΑίΛχζονι^ες τίΓολψ^! Ιττι'^υι^ιητείξκ^ Εν κοτΒ τ3-«α'ξχλιγ Εφετ» βξετκς 1^ξυ(Τκντο, Φ'ήγω ΰτΓο -ατζε^ίνω. τελεσεν h τοι Ιε^ον Ιττττ&ι. Αυ'ται ί'. Ου'τΓί ανα(Τ(Γ<χ,, -ατερι -ΰτςυλιν ωςχ-ηα-αντο, 24© Ιϊρωτα ι^εν εν α•ακεε<Γ(Γΐν ενο'π'Κιον, αυ^< ΰε κύκλω ΣτήΟ-Λαεναι χοοον ευ^ον. ύττΊ/ιεκταν ΰε λιγειοα ΑίτττΆλεον α-υξίγγες, iva ■ζτΧψΟ'ωσιν ο[ΛΧξΤΥΐ. Ου γίχξ -ΰτω νε^ξίΐχ Λ' οςε» τίτξψοντο, The I04 HYMN TO DIANA. The bones of deer yet uninfpir'd and mute. Prom which Minerva form'd a fofter flute. Difcordant notes to lofty Sardis fly. And Berecynthus' diftant hills reply; Hoarfe-rattling quivers o'er their ihoulders rung 390 While from the ground, with bounding feet they fprung. And after ages faw, with glad furprize, A wond'rous, * fabric round the ftatue rife. More rich, more beautiful, than Phoebus boafl:s. With all his glory on the Delphic coafl:s : 395 Nor yet Aurora's morning beams have flione On fuch a temple, or fo fair a throne. Έογον Αθψχιτις ελαφω χακόν. iopaf/,s ο ■ι\γμ 245 Σ«ρι5<«?, \ς τί vojJt,ov Βερεχυνθιαν. α,ρ οε "ζτοοεσ'αν Οϋλα κατεκβοταλίζον, εττεψοφεον οε φαρετροίί. Κείνο ^ε τοι (λετεττειτοί Ύϋ-εξί βρετχς Ιυξυ ^ε[Λε9λΰν Acaf^Tju•/}. τα ο ατι ^εωτερον οψεται rjug, Ojj^' ΰίφι/ειοτεξον ρεχ κεν Πυθωνοί •ϋτοοξελύοι. 2^0 * The temple of Ephefian Diana, which rofe with encieafing fplendour from feven re- peated misfortunes, ami was finally burnt by the Goths in their third naval invafion. It was fiipported by an hundred and twenty-feven marble columus of the Ionic order, each fixty feet high; and the length of the temple was four hundred and twenty-five feet, about two thirds the meafure of the length of St. Peters at Rome. See Gibbon's Hiftory of the Decline and Fall, &c. Vol. i. p. 325. This temple was early enriched by the dedication of devout monarchs, and adorned by the arts of Greece, which rendered it truly worthy of Callimachus's panegyric. But HYMN TO DIANA. 105^ But foon fierce Lygdamis * defcending down. With impious threats to burn th' Ephefian town, In numbers like the fand an hort: prepares 403 Of ftrong Cimmerians, fed with milk of mares : The bands unbleft their fudden march began From frozen plains, where lowing lo ran. Ah ! wretched Monarch, fated now no more To lead your legions to the northern iliore •, 405 Who drove their chariots o'er Cayeiler's mead Shall ne'er in Scythian climes their courfers feed: For bright Diana guards the facred towers. And on th' approaching foe deftruition pours. Τω px >^ ■ηλοίνων ukavx^sfAty viTrnXi^tre Αυγ^χμις υ^ξίςης' ετγ/ οε ςξατον l-mrvjfio'kyov Ήγχγε Κψ^ΐξίων, ^α[Λχύα^ 1(Τον, οΐ οχ ττχρ αυτόν Κεκλΐ[Λίνοι νχιασ-ι βοος ττοξον Ινχχιωνης. Α δειλός βχσ-ιλΐων, otrov ^λιτεν. » γχξ ε[ΛΒλλεν 255 Οντ χυτός Σχυθιψ^ε τιτχλιίΛττετες, α τε τις χλλος 0(Γ(Γων εν λεΐ[λωνι Κχϋςςιω t:^xv χ(ΛΧζχι, hlog-iia-tiv' Εφεα-α γχρ χει τεχ τοζχ -Βτςοκεηχί. * The Cimmerian invafion is mentioned by Heredotus as a predatory incurCon. Strabo, J. i. p. 12, and 1. iii. p. 222, fays, that it happened in the time of Homer or a little be• iore the age of that Poet. The Cimmerians, who inhabited the Taurica Cherfonefus, ^vere as unfortunate in their attempt to plunder the temple of Epheius, as the Gauls, many centuries afterwards, were in attempting to plunder Delphi. Paufanias Phocic And the memorable defeats of both thofe warlike northern nations tended to confirm the popular fuperftition of Greece. Ρ Hail, I06 HYMN TO DIANA. Hail ! great Munychia; for th' Athenian bay 410 And Pheras's fertile fliores confefs your fvvay ; , Hail ! bright Pherasa ; and let none prefume T' offend Diana, left th' avenging doom Fall heavy on their heads, which Oeneus * mourn'd, When unfuccefsful, from the field he turn'd ,. ' 415 For vows unpaid. Like her let none pretend To dart the javelin or the bow to bend ; For when Atrides-j- durft her grove profane. No vulgar death remov'd the fatal ftain. Let none, with eyes of love, the nymph behold; 420 Left, like fond Otus and Orion | bold, TloTvix Mowu^iij, λΐ[Α,ενο(ηίθ7Γί χχίρε, Φίςχινι. Mi] τις (χ,τι^'ησ'ή τψ Αρτε[Λίν' ioe yap Οινει 200 Bwuov ccTtLtoKTocvTi κάλοι αττοΧιν "ηλθον α,γωνίς. Μί;ί' ίλα,φι^ζο'Κιψ , jOtiji Ιυςογ^ιψ εξίοχινειν. OCSs γχρ Ατρειογις ολιγω ε7τεκο(Λ7τασ'ε [Λκτΰω. Μ'ηίε τινχ [/,νχσύχι τψ -ζίΓίχξύενον' ^όε γχρ Πτος, * Oeneus' offence, we are told by Lucian in Sympos, confifted in facrificing to the other Gods, and neglefting Diana. The Goddefs punilhed him by fending the Calydo- nian boar to ravage his territories. Saphocles & Euripides. t Agamemnon's offence confifted in hunting a goat in Diana's grove. The price, or mulft, was his daughter Iphigenia. X Et integrae Tentator Orion Diana? Viiginea domitus fagitta. Horace. They HYMN το DIANA. 107 They fink beneath her darts ; let none decline The folemn dance, or flight the pow'r divine : Ev'n favour'd Hippo feels her vengeful ire. If, from th' unfinilli'd rites, ihe dares retire. 425 Hail ! Virgin queen, accept my humble praife ; And fmile propitious on your poet's lays. OC$e [Λίν Oixpiuv αγαθόν γοί[/,ον li^vyj^svirxv, 265 Mijdi χοξον φίυγειν evtxug-tcv' liJs γχζ Ιτητω Ακλκυτει ■arept βω(Λον άτταττατο κυκλωα atrial, Χοϋξε [Λίγα ΚξΒΐϋίΤχ, ^ Ιυιχ,ντι^ζτον doiSi^, EKD OF THE HYMN TO DIANA. Ρ ζ THE FOURT HYMN ο F CALLIMACHUS. TO D Ε L ο S. (3 WHEN, my foul, wilt thou refound the praife Of Delos, nurfe to Phoebus' infant-days. Or of the Cyclades f. Moil facred thefe Of iiles, that rife amid furrounding feas J A Η Ν ιΒξην, ω θι/|ίΑε, τινχ χξονον ^ wot' αίκτας. Δι^λον, Αττολλωνος κϋροτξοφον ; η [χ,εν άτταίτοίΐ KvKXuhc, αΐ νηίτων Ιεξωτχτοί» αν αλι κείνται^ * Hymn to Delos.] This is one of the innumerable hymns compofed to celebrate the birth of Apollo and Diana, and to ennoble, by the charms of poetry, the Delian feilival which returned in the fpring, at the beginning of every fifth year. + The Cyclades fo called from forming a circle around Delos, are a cluiier of leventeen fmall iflands, rifing above the jEgean fea nearly oppofite to the territories of Argos and Attica. Daring the liberty of Greece thefe iflands were rich and profperous; and their vallies, fertilized by labour, formed a flriking contrail with the favage rudenefs of their rocky HYMN TO DELOS, IO9 And fame and hymns divine to them belong: ^ But Delos chief demands the Mufe's fong. For there the God, who leads the vocal train, Was fwath'd around ; and on the Delian plain His infant-limbs were wafli'd : the facred lay Triumphant rofe to hail the God of day. 10 As who forgets, Pimplea the divine. Is foon forfaken by the tuneful Nine ; Thus on the bard, negledling Cynthus' * ihores, Avengiri^ Phoebus all his fury pours : To Delos then let votive lays belong, 1 5 And Cynthian Phoebus will approve my fong. Έ.ψΐ(Λνοι' Αηλος d IdeXu τα τΒ-ςωτχ φίοίσθΰο- Εκ MaiTBuv, ότι Φοιζον uoiSxuv [Λΐ5εοντα £■ Autre τ£ κ; (nritputre, Jt, ως ^ζον ννίΟΊ τίτξωτν• £1ς Mis(rcci τον άοίοον, ό ji*ij ntj^vXetocv οίίκτκ, Έγβίί(Γΐν, τως Φοιζος οης ArjXoio Xctuyirxi. ^■ηλω νυν οΐι^-ήζ a7rooa(r(rof/,oii, ως civ Αττολλων rocky mountains. Pares was celebrated for its marbles; Andros and Naxoi for their vines equaling neftar; Siphnos for its mines of gold and fiiver; ^iclosfor its alum, fulphur, and other minerals; Amorgos for its manufaftures of cloth, and its fliill in dying fcarlet with d fpecies of lichen abo'vvi'ng in tliat ifland, Ceos was the birth place of Simo- nides, the poet; Syros, of the h:;iijrian Pherecydes; los contained the tomb of Homer; each iflnnd had its peculiar excellence, but Delos for ecclipfed the reft, for the reafons affigned in the text. * Cynthus a mountain overhanging the Delian temple. The" no HYMNTODELOS. Tho* beat by billows, and tho' vex'd ν,ήύι llorms, The facred ifle its deep foundations forms* Unihook by winds, uninjur'd by the deep. High o'er the waves appears the Cynthian ileep ; 20 And from the flood the fea-mew bends his courfe O'er cliffs impervious to the fwifteil horfe -f : Around the rocks th' Icarian furges roar, Colledt new foam, and whiten all the fhore Beneath the lonely caves, and breezy plain 25 Where fifliers dwelt of old above the main. No wonder Delos, firfl: in rank, is plac'd Amid the fiiler ifles on ocean's breaft; I Kwuiog oclvti^ ι^αλλον εττίορο/Λος ψταξ ίττττο/;, ΐΐοντίύ ΙνΒς•ηςιατα,(. ο ο αμψι Ι wisXvg ίλί(Τ(Γων^ '■ Ικχξία ΊΓολλψ ίχ,τΓθ[/,ίχ<Γ(Γεταί ύ^χτος άχνψ. Τω (Γφΐ >t/ Ιχ^θυ^ολ'ηες αλινλοοι evvatravTO, ' Ι ξ Αλλα οΐ if νεμ,είΤ'ητον evi Τΰ-ςωτνκη λεγεσ-^χι, , Οτττΐοτ ες Ω,^εανον τε >^ ες Τίτψι^χ Τ-ηθυν Nijiroi κολλιζοντα,ί' αει S' εζχξχο; cSemt. * Delos is faid to have been formerly a floating ifland ; its foundations were fixed as a reward for its affording a refiige to Latona. Pindar, apud Strab. 1. lo, p. 485. ■f Horfes, as warlike animals, were not admitted into Delos ; even dogs wei-e excluded, left they Ihould devour hares and rabbits. The facred Ifland was to refleft the image of uninterrupted concord and unalterable peace. Strabo, Ibid, For Η ΥΜΝ TO DELOS. ^ , j For when the fea-Gods o'er the liquid plains. Seek thefe dark cells where hoary Tethys reigns, 30 Majeftic Delos leads* beneath the deeps The wat'ry train ; clofe foll'wing Cyrnus keeps Her fteady courfe ; Eubsa floats along. And fair Sardinia -f- ghdes amid the tlirong. Laft, o'er the main, fee flow'ry Cyprus move, 3 ς That from the waves receiv'd the queen of love ; And in return the Nymph, with fav'ring fmile, Bleft the bright ihores, and guards the facred ifle, Η j' οττίθεν ΦοινκΓΟΌί (ht Ιχνια Κυρνος οτττ^ίΐ. Ουκ oi/OTvj' Kf Μαχρις Αζκντκχς Έλλοπί'ηων, 20 Σχξαω 9•' Ιι^ίεροίίΤίΓα, 7C, ψ ίττενηζχτο Κυττρις Ε£ υΟΛΤος ταττξωτα.' αταοι όε [ζιυ άντ εττιζαθρων, Keivxi (Α,εν τυ-υξγοκη "ΰτεξκτκενεειηυ ε^υ]«!/α<, * Scholiafts and commentators do not explain, how this is confiftent with the immo- bility of Delos, juft mentioned. The motion here afcribed to Delos is common to it with other iflands, and-merely poetical. The iflands being perfonified, it was natural to tianf- fer to them the attributes fuiting their refpeftive ranks; and Delos, as the nobleft, is de- fcribed as the Choryphaeus, or leader of the dance] f Sardinia was the Botany Bay of the Romans; and neither that iflnnd nor Cyrnus, or Corfica, above mentioned feem from their prefent ftate entitled to the rank, which Callimachus alligns them. But in ancient times, both Corfica and Saidinia were adorntd by Phoenician and Grecian Colonies; and are celebrated for the fertility of their foil, the excellence of their fruits, the tallnefs and beauty- of their trees, and other circumilances of paneg)ric, by Herodotus, Theophraftus, Polybius, and Diouorus Siculus. 2 The' 112 HYMNTODELOS. Tho' tow'rs in thefe and lofty bulwarks ftand, Apollo ftill defends the Delian land, 40 A ftronger fortrefs, and a iurer truft: Strynionian* Boreas levels with the durft The work of human hands ; but Delos' God Stands unremov'd, and guards his lov'd abode. Hail ! favour'd ifle, where walls nor tow'rs arife, 45 A ftronger pow'r defends you from the ikies. Ο facred Cynthus, much in fong renown'd. What theme delights. What ftiall the mufe refound To thee moft pleafing. Wilt thou bend thine ear The mighty fea-God's glorious adts to hear. 50 With thofe dread weapons, which the Telchins -f- form. He ihook the mountains, like a burfting ftorm, AvjXog iT ΑτΓολλίύνι. τι Se ςιζχξωτεξον Ιξκος } Ύΐίχεα f^iv y^ Χαες υττα,ι '^ιττ-ης κε 7!τε<Γ0ΐίν Ζξ Στρυι^οΜί βο^εα-ο' ^εος ί' αε/ α,ς-υφεΧικτος, Α-ήλε φιλτ], τοιος <τε βοηθοος α^ίφιζεζ'ηκ,εν. Ε» ίε λί>;ν ■ΰτολεες σε τΓεξΐτξοχοω(ην doioocif Ποίν ενίττλεζω (τε ; τι τοι ^υ/χ,τίξες dnisa-ait ; Η ως ταττρωτιςχ [Λίγχς 9ΐο? iffsa δεινών ϊΟ Αοξ( τξίγλωχινι, το οΐ Ύελχινες ετευζαν, * Strymon. The name of a river and city in Thrace, a northern country in refpeft of the Cyclades. t Crete was called Telchinia; and its natives Telchins. They were famous for work- ing metals, and their ikill incurred the reproach of juggling and impofture; a reproach from HYMN TO DELOS. '13 In times of old ; from their foundations hurl'd Rocks, hills and vales amid the wat'ry world ; In ruih the feas, and from the land divide f r The num'rous ifles now rifing from the tide. And fix'd for ever in the boundlefs main. But Delos ifle along the liquid plain Still floated uncontroll'd ; her facred name Afteria then j to her immortal fame, 6o She fliot from heav'n like a defcending ftar. Amid the roaring deeps and wat'ry war. To iliun th' embrace of Jove *. Afteria fair She ftill was call'd ; till, bright with golden hair, Diftrefs'd Latona fought the ihady fliore, 65 Hence Delos nam'd, Afteria now no more. NijCiif είνχλικς εΐξγκζίτο ; νε 6ε ίε ττχαηχ,ς Εκ νείχτων ωχ^λισ-ιτε >^ εκτεκυλκτα-ε ^χλοί(Γ(Τ*ι ; Κοίί τχς αεν κατά βενθος, Ιν 'ηττείξοιο λιχβωντΜ, Τίρνι/,νο-εν ερρίζο;(Γε' ιτε ο ακ εδλίψβΐ/ κναγκ-η, 25 Αλλ' άφετος τίΓελΰίγεσΊΓΐν εττεττλεες' ivo^ot. S' ψ i, Έμ-πλψ Αίγιχλα τε y^ Αξγεος. κ γχξ εκεινας ΑτοατΓίτας Ιττχτνισ-Βν, εττει λχχεν Ινχχον Ης•η. φεύγε ^ Αονιτι τον ενχ ^ξθ[Α.ον. κΐ ο εφεττοντο 75 Δί^κι? τ^> ΣτξοΦίΐ/ι Τ7Ι, ρελαρφι^φ/ίο? εχα<Γκι Ιίτιιψα %ερα Ότχτξος. ο ί' ψττετο -woXKov οττκτΰεν Ασ-ωττος βαρυγουνος, Ι-ττει Ώτετταλακτο κ,ΐξχυνω. ■ - Ηί' vTr.oStvvjdeKTa χοξα χ'πεττχυΐΓχτο νυμ,φη * Cities or the river Inachus, facred to Juno, Plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicit equis Argos. Horace. f Aonian, ancient name of Boeotian Thebes, ί Dirce and Strophiae, fountains in Boeotia. S Alopus the father of jEgina who was raviihed by Jupiter. The unfortunate SHy- phus told to Afopus the difgrace of his daughter; and Afopus, in his fury, purfuing the God was ftruck with thunder. The Scholiaft. But HYMN TO DELOS, But native Dryads *, pale with facred awe Swift from the dance tlieir trembhng feet withdraw, And fliriek and figh, when oaks coeval bend Their green heads, and from Helicon defcend. Ye fav'ring Pow'rs, immortal Mufes fay. Do nymphs with oaks exill:, with oaks decay ? The nymphs rejoice, when oaks refrefh'd with dew Put forth their leaves, and fpread their arms anew. The nymphs lament, when winter black with ftorms. Sweeps off the leaves, and the green boughs deforms. Apollo heard, and from his mother's womb Furious denounc'd th' unalterable doom On ThebiE's guilty realms, unhappy ftate ! Why thus provoke thy fwift-approaching fate ? 119 135 140 Αυτόχθων MeXirj, yif υττογΧοον ίΤ'χζ •ζϋ-χρει•ήν, Ηλικος α,ιτύμα,ίναα -ai τίτερι Οξνος ως tde χ^Άΐτψ Σίΐοαενψ Ελικώνος. B[jt.cii θεαί ΐίττχτε MaoOCi, Η ρ' ετεον εγενοι/το τότε ορυες^ψίκοί. ννι^φαι, Νυ^κφαί jWfv χ^χΐύϋσ-ιν οτε ίξυχς οι^^ςοί ΰεζει, 'i^vu'poa ί' aJ KXaciis^ ζκτκτοις, ψικχ -ϋΓ-ηχεις * Helicei a city of Bocotia. The Scholiaft. + Bura a city of Acliaia, inhabited by the Centaui• Dexamenus. Idem. + This circumftance is properly introduced. jElian, in his defcription of this valley, fays the Peneiis flows ^y.v ίλαι», fmooth as oil When HYMN TO D F.LOS. 12^ When thus the Goddefs mourn'd with plaintive lighs. With out-ftretch'd arms, and with heart-rending cries. Ye daughters of ThelTalian floods entreat Your aged Sire, low bending at his feet. To Λορ the mighty wave ; Ο grafp with care 185 His hoary beard, and urge him to prepare His water to receive th' immortal fon Of thund'ring Jove. Ah ! why fliould Peneus run More fwift than win'try winds ? Thy flight is vain j Nor canft thou here a glorious prize obtain, 1 90 As in th' Equeflirian ilrife. Ο father fay. Have thy fwift ftreams thus ever roll'd away ? Or does Latona's pangs encreafe thy fpeed To fly from her diftrefs ? In time of need, Alas ! he hears me not. Where iliall I turn ? 195 And where, unhappy ! iliall thy fon be born ? Αμφότερες οξεγκ(Γχ, [Λχτψ Ιφθεγζατο rotoc. Nujtt(p«< Θε(Γΰ-χλι^ες, ■Ωτοται^α γένος, ειτίχτε -σοίΤζΐ KoiU7!(rai [Λεγχ γενι^χ' τϋ-εςιτΓλεζχσ-θε γενειω, Ι ΙΟ Αι<Γ<Γθΐ^ενχι τα Ζψος εν υίατί τεκνχ τεχ,εοτ^χι, ΙΙψειζ Φθιωτχ, τ< νυν ανείΛΟκτιν εξίζεις ; £1 ΌΓκτες, a [^ψ Ιττττον αεθ^ον αίΛφιζεζτίκχς. Η ρχ τοι ωί' χίει τχγινοι ■ΰτοοες; rj ετΐ εμειο Mnvot ελχφξίζϋίπ ; τίτεττοινισ-χί h ΤΒ-ετεσ9χι 1 1 5 Σ•η[Λερον ε^χτηνηζ j οΤ κνηκοος. ω εμ,ον κχθος, Πο< (Γ6 φέξω ; [Λελεο» γχς άττείξνικχίη τένοντες. R 2 My 124 HYMN TO DE LOS. My ilrength decays ; to Pelion * I'll repair. The bridal bed of Philyre f the fair. Stay, Pelion, ftay. A Goddefs af!vS no more Than to the lionefs you gave before ; 200 Oft on thy cliffs ihe bears her favage young With dreadful yells, and with fierce anguiih ftung. Sad Peneus wept, and anfwered thus with fighs : A mightier God, Neceffity denies Thy pray'r; Ο pow'r diftrefs'd, elfe foon iliould I 205 Relieve thy woes, with thy requeft comply. And grant the boon to other births I gave. That oft were waili'd in my refreihing wave. The queen of heav'n on Peneus bends her eyes. And utters furious threats amid the fkics; 210 Π•ηλιον ω Φίλυρν); νυ[Λφψΰν, uXXcx. συ μεαον' Μεινον, Ιτηι yy ^'ήξες sv αξεοΊ •ζΐΓολλοίκι σειο Γίΐίοτοκνς ωοινχς α,ττψίίσχντο λεοίΐναι. Ι20 Ύψ ί' αξο, )ο, Πψείος α,(Λίί^ετο οχκξυχ λειζων, Α-ητοι, ΑναγκΆί•η ^Λεγαλνι ^εος, a γα,ο εγ^γε ΤΙΰτνιχ (ΓΧζ ωοινχζ κναινβ/,ι,χι' otax κ^ αλλχς Α>£(Γχαίνχς χτι ε[ζειο Χεχ^ωίοχς. άλλα ^ot Ηξή Δαφίλε? ^7ΓΕίλΐ5£Γεν. χττχυ'γχσχι οίος εςεοξος 125 * Pelion, a mountain of TheiTaly. f The Amour of Satuin with Philyre on mount Pelion produced the Centaur Chiron. Scholiaft. - Lo» HYMNTODELOS, 125 Lo ! from yon hill a champion fierce and dread Frowns ftern deilrudion on my wretched head; And could with cafe my lable deeps o'erturn. Subvert my fcreams, and dry my fruitful urn. All ftrife is vain ; fay will it pleafe thy foul, 2 1 5 That Peneus periili, and no longer roll His fwelling ftreams ? Th' avenging hour may come ; But, in thy caufe, I'll brave the dreadful doom; Tho' my llirunk waves for ever ceafe to flow. And I be nam'd the meaneft flood below; 220 Behold, approach, Ilythia's aid invoke. He ftopt his rapid current as he fpoke. But Mars perceiv'd •, from their foundations tore Pangaeus' hills *, and in his arms upbore Ουξεος ε| ύττατίί (ταοττιψ ε%£(, ός ν.ε ^ί Ιειοί Βι;ο"(Γο9£ΐ/ εζίαυοΈΐζ. η fji'i](rof^oct ; 5} αττολείτύαι Hon τι τοι ΥΙψίιον ; ιτω ■Ώτίττοω/Λίνον vjjAOiD. ΎΧιΐ](Γθ^ο(.ι ίινίκχ (Tito, y^ ει [/,ελλοΐ[/,ί ροχων Δίψαλε-ι^ν (χ,^,ττωην εγοιν αιωνιον ερρειν, J 3® Κα; (Λονος εν TsroTcnyMtnv ΰτι^χ,οτοίτος καλεείτύΛΐ. Ήνι ί' εγω' τι τιτε^κτίτα. ; καλε< fjiovov EtXijSu^ οκηηοχ τυψευ άκωκ-η AiSpxTog' VI ί' Ιλελιζεν Ινοττλιον. ετζε/^ε S' Οσσ-ης Ουρία, J^ "ΰτεάίον Κξχνωνισν, κΐ τε ου(Γχεις Έα-χχηχι HivSoio' φοζω ο" ωξχτ^ιτκτο ττχ<Γκ Θεσ-σ-χλιη. ταιος γχξ αττ χσ-τη^ος εζξχχεν ■ηχ,ος. ^ 140 ίΐς ί' ότΓοτ AiTvoit^i οξεος Έτυξΐ τυφο[Α,ενο(θ Σείονται (^νχχ ts-uvtx, kxthSxioio γιγχντος Έΐς ετίξψ Βξ'Χξψς εττω^,ι^α κινυ[^ενοιο, Θεξ[Λχυς•ΰΧΐ τε βξει^ϋίπν ΰφ Ηφχιςοιο ■ΰτυςχγς'ης Έξγχ θ' ojitsi, ie;jOi/ h "ΰτυξίκίΛτιτοι τε λεζ7]τες 1 45 * Ofla, a mountain in Theflaly. Forge, HYMN το DELOS. Forge, tripods, tongs, the caldron's miglity round, And all the \vorks of Vulcan ftrike the ground With mingled clafli : fuch and more hoarfe alarms Sprung from th' immortal powres' difcordant arms. But Peneus, unappall'd retires no more, Collefts his rolling waters, as before. And ftands unmov'd ; till thus Latona fpoke : Retire in peace, nor yon fierce Gods provoke : Thou ihalt not fuffer, tho' my lot be hard ; Nor thy compafilon want its due reward. Then, o'er the main to diftant ifles ilie goes. Struck with new pangs, inextricable woes, But ftill without fuccefs ; nor aid is found Among the Echinades * for ports renown'd ; 127 240 24: 250 Kxi τξίτΓο^ς -πτηττοντίς l-ar αλΧτιλοις Ια,χίΜΰ-ί' Τ-ηΐΛος εγεντ α,ξο,ζος (τχκεος το(Γος ευκυκλοίο. Πψειος S' ^Λ αύθις ε<χα,ζετο, [^ι^ζνε ομοίως Κχρτεξος ως ταττξωτχ. ^οκς (Γ ες-ηιτοίτο όηας, Έ,Ισ-οκε οΐ Κοικψς εκεκλετο, Σωζεο γα,ι^ων^ 1 50 'ΖωΤεο' |W'(j (TOy εμειο τα-οίθι^ς χ,ακον είνεκα, τγιςοε Αντ ελε7ΐ[Λοα-υν'ής. χοίξίτος οε τοι ε<τ(Γετ α,[Λ0ΐζ•η. Η, y^ ■ΖΣΓολλα -ΰταξοιθεν εττει κχ[Α.εν, ες-ιχε νψϋς Είΐ/αλία?. ccl ί' i y.iv Ιττεξχοι^ίνψ ε^εχρντο, * The Echinades were fmall Iflands at the mouth of the river Achelous l}ing betweeo Leiicas and Cephallenia on the one hand, and the gulph of Corinth on the other. PJiny J 1. ii. I2S HVMN TO DELOS. .Nor dares Corcyra's hofpitable coaft * Receive tlie pow'r, along the billows toil. For Iris dreadful ftands in open fight, And pours her threats from Mima's lofty height : Before her wrath the crowding iilands fled, 255 And fought the neareft rivers friendly bed. Latona turns to Merop's ancient feat f , The Coan ifie, Chalciope's retreat J j OJ λιτταοον vvjea-a-iv Εχινκϋες οξ[Λον ex'da-xi, 1 55 OJi' νίτις Κεξκυοχ φιλοζίΐνωτχτ-η χλλων. Ιρις Ιττει srcucr-ncriv εφ ύ^•ηλαο Μΐ[ΛίΧ.ντος Σ-περχομεν-ή μχλα Ότολλον άττετςαμεν. αΐ ^' υφ άμοκλης Πασ-ίτυίίΐ? φοζίοντα κοίτοί ξοον ψτινχ τετμοι. Πγυγιψ ^' -ηττείτα Κοων Mεξ07ΓψL• ν^ον ΐ6θ L Μ. C. Sc. fays they were gradually formed by the ilime of the river. Spanheim ob- ferves that from this paffage only, we know they had good harbours. * The hofpitality ftiown to Ulyfles as defcribed in the Odyfley merited this epithet. t The Scholiaft fays that Cos was called the Meropian ifle, either bgcaufe it was ruled by king Merops, or becaufe it was colonized by the Meropes. Hyginus fays that the Me- ropes were fo called from their king, and that Cos was his daughter. It is thus that the Abantes the inhabitants of Eub» were denominated from their King Abas, as we learn from the Scholiaft on the fecond book of Iliad, V. 536. And Thucydides tells us that, be- fore the Trojan war, the Greeks were not known by any general name, but diftinguiflied by various particular denominations. The Ifle of Cos was fituated on the coafl of Afiatic Doris at the entrance of the Ceramic gulph. It produced excellent wine, and was the birth place of Hippocrates, the father of phyfic, and Appelles the greateft of painters. + Chalciope was a Coan Nymph, and the mother of Eurypylus, king of the Ifland, which is called by Homer, the city of Eurypylus, Iliad ii. V. 677. But HYMN TO DELOS, 129 But Phoebus flops her courfe, and thus relates, With awful voice, th' irrevocable fates. 260 Ο Goddefs, I nor envy nor difdain Thefe flow'ry ihores, and yonder fertile plain, But here thou bear'ft me not ; Apollo fe^s A future God appear by Fate's decrees. The mightieft prince of Soter's * royal race, 265 To rule this favour 'd ifle, his native place. To him the willing world ihall tribute bring; Green ifles and inland ilates obey the King, And bow before him in fucceeding times ; His pow'r extending from yon' eailern climes, 270 To diftant ihores, where Sol defcending leads Beneath the weftern waves his weary'd fteeds. Ικετο, χαλϋίοτΓί;? Upov [^υχον ■ηρωϊνης. Αλλα I 'ΰΤΆΐοος epuiev Ιττος toSs, Mij cv ye fifjTe» Ty με τεκοις. ατ tsv ent^i[/,(pofZixt, αοε μεγοαςω 'Ν'ησ-ον, εττει λιττχξη τε >c, εϋζοτος, £< m τις αλλί]' Αλλα οΐ εκ μοιρεων ης οφειλοίίενος ^εος «λλο; ΙΟ^ τ- ' . ' ' Λς-ί, crauTVjpuv υττοίτον γένος ω υττο [Α,ιτξην ΐ£ετα/ ^κ ιχ.εκα<Γ» MtzKYi^ovt κοίρκνεειτθχι, Αμψοτερ'η ι^εσ-ογειχ, ν^ ccl ισ'εΧ'λαγεσ'σι καΰεκταΓ Μέχρις οττα Έτε^αττι τε, >c, οτττΓοθεν ωκεις iTnrct * The firft Ptolemy, and by far the greateft of that race, was denomiiinteii σ^•τκ(., the Saviour. Caliimachus' court flattery to his patron Ptolemy Philadelphus, does not hinder him from faying i Λ tivtiat r.Gia τιατςο., He dial! tread in his father's footftcps. S Frow ΙβΟ HYMN TO DELOS. From Macedonia comes the man divine. And in the fon the father's virtues iliine. The glorious prince fliall be my future care, 275 And I the great companion of his war *, When o'er the Celtic ihores, with wild alarms, Gigantic nations claih barbarian amis. The laft of Titan's fons, a furious throng ! From th' utmoil Weft ihall fwiftly pour along, 280 HeXiov φοξεασ-ιν. ο ί' ίκτίται -ηθεοί "ΰΓΧτοος. iy9 Κα/ W -WOTS ζυνος τις ελευα•ετοίΐ u^f^iv αεύλο; Ύςοίτον, οττττοτ άυ ο\ [/,εν εφ Ελλψεα-(η ^α-χ^αΐζχν Βιχξζχρικψ >Cy ΚεΧτον οίνοίς•ή<Γχντες α,ξνΐΛ Οψί^ονο* Ύιτψες αφ ετττερα ε<Γ^χτοωντος * The war in which Ptolemy Philadelphus and Apollo were companions was the in- vafion of Europe by the Gauls, whofe main objeft was to plunder the Delphic temple. This memorable expedition, its caufes and its confequences had been explained by many ancient writers, Greek and Latin, whofe works are now loft. Demetrius of Β zantium had treated this fubjeil in thirteen books, which were highly praifed by the beft critics, Diogenes Laertius in vita Demetrii Phalerii. Callifthenes of Sybaris had written ftill more copioufly on the fame fubjeft. Stobaeus Sermon. 98. And Eratofthenes, libra- rian to Plotemy Euergetes and his immediate fucceflbr, compofed a hiftory of the Gallic expedition far furpaifmg the two former works in bulk as well as in value. The fame illuftrious theme was adorned by Terentius Varro, the moft learned of the Ro- mans whofe work fubfifting in the time of St. Jerom, was too faftidioufly rejeiled by that Father in his commentary on the Epiftle to the Galatians (a fmall remnant of the Gauls) Jerom difdaining to employ Varro's information, left (fays he) I fliould introduce an wncircumcifed heathen into the temple of God. A fnall wreck of this important part of hiftory is preferved in Polybius, Livy, Juftin, Paufaiiias (in Phocic) and the prefent hymn of Callimachus. I And, riYMN TO DELOS. »3' And, ruihing dreadful, Grecian plains o'erflow. Thick as the driving rain, or falling fnow ; Or num'rous as yon' filver lamps of night. That fill their urns with Jove's aetherial light. From Locrian forts and undefended towns, 485 From Delphic mountains, and CriiTiEan downs, From all the midland cities far around. Deep groans iliall iiTue j when along the ground, Wide wafting flames devour the rip'ning grain. And all the labours of th' adjoining fwain. tgo Nor thefe ihall hear alone the fierce alarms Of hoftile armies, iheath'd in ihining arms Around my temple ; but with terror view Th' impetuous Gauls tlieir impious courfe purftic, With bloody faulchions, belts and bucklers ftain ^g§ My holy tripods, and my cave profane, ¥ Ρωίτωντοίί, vKpoihara-n εοικοτες, ij 'κΓχςίθι^,οι IJtf Ύειρεα-ιν ψικ» "ατλεις» κα,τ ηεςχ βακολεοντΜ* φρΚξίΛ yif xui^xt Aokpuv, ic, Αελφιάες oocpecif Κα< ζτείΐΛ Κξκητχιχ, ^ τιττείξοιο τ!ΓθΧ•ηες Αι^φίνερίς-εινωντοίΐ, ISutrt οε vrwv» κχςττον Τειτονος αΐύοι/,ενοιο ^ ^κετι [Λουνον άκαγ, ΙοΟ Λλλ' 'ηότι -ατεξί νηον ατηχυγαζοιντο φάλαγγες ΑυίΓυ.ενε!ι)ν' ■η^η ίε -αΓΧΰχ τξπτοαεαΌΊν ε/^εω φχα-γχνχ )^ ζως^ιςχί άνοκ^εοις, εχβοΐΛ,ενας τϊ S 2 For 132 HYMN TO DELOS. For which fierce war fhall rage, at my command. And wreak my vengeance on th' unhallow'd band. Of conquer'd armour, half ihall deck my ihrine. And half, the prize of valour, fhall be thine, 300 lUuilrious prince ! when midft: attacks and fire. On Nilus banks * the vanquiihed hoils expire. Thus fate foretells the glory thou ihalt gain, Ο Fhiladelphus ! in thy wondrous reign. For which, immortal King, thou ilill ihalt pay 305 Unceaiing honours to the God of day ; And future ages to the ftars iliall raife Apollo's name, and Fhiladelphus' praife, Α(ηΤίθχς. ocl ΤαΚα,τι/ίίΤΐ καζψ οοον ΰφξονι φι/λ» Στΐ)(ΓονταΓ τίων αΙ [Λεν ί[Λθΐ γεςας, ul ο ίττι "Νίίλω ΐΒζ Έν τΣτυοί τας φοαίοντας uTroTrveucrocVTOcg watTM, ^ KBurovTuif βί3ί(ηλ•ηος aeuXia woXXx ycajjiovTOi Έα-ΟΌ^ιενοα' Πτολεμχιε, τα τοι μα,ντψοί φχινω. ΑΪνηίτεις (^εγχ otj τ; τον εισέτι γχςεοι [Λχντιν * On Nilus banks the vanguiihed hofts expire] The Scoliaft relates the hiftory in few words as follows. " Brennus, King of the Gauls, having alTembled his countrymen marched to plunder the Delphic treafure. Apollo waited the approach of the enemy; and when they advanced to the allault, deftroyed the greateft part of them by a ftorm. Antigonus, a friend of Ptolemy Fhiladelphus, hired the remainder for the fervice of that Prince. But the Gauls, ftimulated by avarice, confpired againft their mailer. Ptolemy, therefore, apprized of their perfidy, conduced them to the Sebennytic mouth of the Nile, and there drowned them." Both 133 3IO 315 320 HYMN TO DE LOS. Both yet unborn ; thy pow'r, Ο mother join, Fulfil the Fates, and aid my great defign. An iik there is yet unconfined and free. With feet unfix'd amid the rolling fea. To mariners well-known ; it wanders wide, Now here, now there, before the driving tide. And yields, and ihakes, like pliant Afphodel, As eaft or weftern winds the floods impel : There ihall thy labours end. The facred earth Will grant relief, and aid my glorious birth. As Phcebus fpoke, th' obedient ifles gave way, Forfook the Ihores, and floated o'er the fea. Returning to their feats. Not long before Th' Afl:erian ifle had left Eubsea's ihore, And, at the voice divine, came flowly down. To view the Cyclases (if great renown, Ύςψν ψατοί -aroivra.' συ It ζυι^ζχλλεο [Λ•ητΐξ' iqq ' Ές•ι Oietoof^ivyi τις εν ύ^ατι νησ-ος dpcttyj, Τϊλχζθ(Λενη 7ίΓ£λα^ε(Γ(Γ<' -ΖΒ-ο^ες ίε οΐ »'χ ενι χάιοω. Αλλα ■ατα'Κιςαοίΐη ετηνηχ^ετοίΐ, ανύερικ,ος ως' Ενθα νότος, ενθ ευξος, cttii φοξε•ηα•ι 9•αλασ•(Γα• Ύν jM.6 φεξοις' κεινψ γχζ ελ'.υα-εχι εΙς εθελασ-χν. 1 ρ r At [/.εν TO(r; tfiTTxXiv wfiOig Φοίνικος -ΒΓοη nr^ifivov, α(ί•ήχ»ν(7ΐς υττο λυγξης 2 1 ΤειροΐΛενη' νότιος Se Sioc χξοος ΐξρείν Ι.ξως. Σίττε ί" a,Xu(rdi/,oiivise(rn Ιφετ/Α-γ. Τ obedient HYMN TO DELOS. Ϊ37 T' obedient pow'rs, that from thefe fields of air Walk o'er the world, and thy dread mandates bear. 370 She faid, and haity funk beneath the throne, That bright with radiant gold refplendent llione : As at Diana's feet a fav'rite hound In filence liftens to the diftant found Of paffing game; and tho' foft flumbers creep 375 O'er his keen fenfes, only feems to fleep. Impatient waits the whifpers of her voice, Eredts his ears, and ftarts at ev'ry noife, So fat Thaumantia *, fill'd with deep regret. Nor left her place beneath the facred feat; 380 And ev'n when ileep, on downy pinions, came To ihed foft dews o'er all her weary'd frame. On Juno's throne her beauteous head reclin'd. And fcarcely ilumb'ring, wak'd with ev'ry wind ; H, iC) ΰτΓο χρυοΈΐον ISedXtov /ζ?, κυων ως Αρτε[Α,ι^ος, ^ης τε ^α7;ς ere τ!Γ»υ(ΓΒΤαα οίγξηΐ^ ΐζει ^ψΥίτείξχ-ΰΓκς' Ιχνειτη' »ατα ο auTijt 230 Ορδα jt*«x' α,Ιίν ετοΐ[/,α ^ε-ης ΰτΓο5εχβαι ό[ΛοκΧψ, Ύν Ικελτι Θαυ^α-ντος ΰττο ^ξονον Ιζετο καςη. Κειν-η ί' aifTTOTE (τφετεξτις ΙτΓίλ-ηύετΆΐ ε^ς•ης, OuS"' ότε οΐ λ7;ύχιον ΙτΓΐ τα-τεξον υττνος εςεκτει' Αλλ' avT\s (Λεγκλοιο ϊ<γοτ< γλωχινχ ^ξοναιο 22S * Iris, the daughter of Thauiuas. Τ Nor 138 HYMN TO DELOS. Nor loos'd the winged fandals, nor unbrac'd The circling zone that bound her tender waift ; Left fome unthought of mcffage, giv'n in hafte. Might claim her fpeed. But other cares engage Th' imperial Queen, and thus ilie vents her rage. Ye fecret paramours, that bring difgrace On faithlefs Jove ! bear ycur detefted race For ever thus, on barren rocks reclin'd, More wretched than the worft of human-kind ; Or like the unwieldy whale in wat'ry caves ; Or fpawn your brood amid the whelming waves. But this contents ; nor let Afteria dread My fudden wrath on her offending head ; For thefe unfertile ihores can only ihew Poor entertainment to my hated foe. 385 390 395 "YvtSov αττοκλινχτΰί ίκχξ'ηατα ^ίεχξίος εΰ^ΐι. Οΰ^ΒΤΓΟΤΒ ζωνψ ανχλυίτοίΐ, aos τα-χΐΐχς Έ,ν^ρο(/,ι^χς' f^ij οΐ η >t) »Ιφνιοιον ίττος etVjj Αί(Γ7Γθτις. •η ο (ίλεγεινον αλας-ηίΤοίσΌί srjocrijiiia, ούτω vvvj CO Ζψος ovetoeoi, ;^ γοΐ[Λψισ•9ε Ααθξΐχ, J^ ΤΜΤΟίτε κ,εχρυ^ΐΛενχ. (χ-ηο οθι φωκχΓ Ανςοκεες [Λογει/σΊν α,λετριάες, αλλ cui OBiXctt Έΐναλιχι τικταοΊν ενι <Τ7Γΐλα,οε(Γ(ηυ εξ'ημοις^. Ας'εριη ί' ^οεν τ< βοί.ξυνο[Λΐχ,ί είνεκχ τι^ιςοε Α[ΛΤΓλοί•Λΐ•ης, ϋΤ ε^ιν ό•πως κττοθνίΛία. ξεζω 24© 245 Her Η ν Μ Ν ΤΟ DELOS. 139 Her pangs to ibften, and her grief t' ailuage. 400 Afteria's virtue has dilarni'd my rage ; She fought the feas to ihun th' embrace of Jove, Refus'd my bed, and hence enjoys my love. Scarce had flie fpoke when Phoebus tuneful fwans *, From rich Padtolus, and Mseonia's plains, 405 Το(Γ(Γαθ6 ol. μκλχ γκξ τε κακώς εχ^χρκτα-α,το \•ητοι. Αλλα μιν enTTuyXou rt (ΓίζιζοίΛ,χι, ύνίκ εμειο Αε{Λνίου ακ εττχτ-ηίτε, Αιος S' χνύειλετο τπ-οντον. Η ΐΑ,εν εφ•η κύκνοι Ss ^εα μελττοντες χοίροι Mriovtou Πχκτωλον IkukXuo-xvto λιττοντες aco * In afciibing mufical power to fwans, Callimachu. follows the ftreain of ancient au- thority poets, hiftorians, and philofophers. Yet, if we admit for an univerfal and un- alterable maxim, that the animal creation muft be uniform in the exercife of its faculties, ftriilly defined by nature, modern obfervation may be juftly employtd to refute ancient authorities; cfpecially fince this authority, though general, is not univerfal among the ancients thenifilves, yElian (de Nitur. Anim. 1. ii. r. 33, and Hift• var. 1. iii. c. 14.) doubts; Pliny (Nat. Hid. x. 33.) denies ; and Lucian (de Eleftro) turns into redicule, the vocal power of fwans. To balance tbeir- incredulity, feveral moderns of great name, have maintained a firm belief in the ancient creed, and endeavoured to confirm it by new obfervations and experiments. In 1545, Leland the antiquarian publiflied his nvKtit'.t άσμα, or fwan's fongs. Olaus Magnus, in his hiftory of northern nations, maintains that fwans fing, and aicribes the fweetnefs of their modulation to their long and wind- ing necks. The northern hunters, he fays, well know how much the fwan is delighted with mufic ; fince by means of tlie harp and pipe, they allure them to ihorc. Thomas Bartholinus, Olaus Wormius, and the great naturalift Aldrovandus in liis ornithology, maintain the fame opinion, and adduce many teftimonies of thofe who fay they have heard the melody of fwans. It is certain that this bird was not only confecrated to Apollo, the God of harmony, by the Greeks; but was likewife em- T a ployed 140 HYMNTODELOS. Sev'n times, on fnowy pinions, circle round The Delian ihores, and ikim along the ground : The vocal birds, the fav'rites of the Nine, In drains melodious, hail the birth divine. Oft as they carol on refounding wings, 410 To footh Latona's pangs ; as many firings Apollo fitted to the warbling lyre. In after-times ; but e'er the facred choir Of circling fwans another concert fung In melting notes, the pow'r immortal fprung 415 To glorious birth. The Delian nymphs around Rife from the flood, in ftrains divine refound Uythia's praife ; triumphant fongs afpire. And the rejoicing iEther feems on fire. Ε^^ο[/,α,κις -ατεξί Ανιλον. Ιττ-ηεισ-οίν is λοχειι^ Μυιταων όρνιθες, άοί^Ότα,ται -ζτετίψων. Ένύεν ό τνοίΐς το(Γ<Γ<χ(Γαε λυξγ ενΐΰ•ή<ηχ.το ■χ^οοόχς Ύςεοον, οσσακι κύκνοι εττ' ωοινεσ•(ηυ a.ei(rcx,v. Ογ^οον «κ ετ' αεκΓα,ν, ο ο εκύοςεν, αΐ ο εττι (ζχκξον •• 2ζζ Νϋ^αφαί Αήλιοί^ες -ΰτοταΐΛα γένος α,ργοαοίο, ΈΐτΓκν Ελτιθυιτις Ιεξον μεΧος' α,ΰτικχ §' αίθι^ξ Χοίλκεος αντηχηο-ε S(a7Γξuσ^tψ ολολυγψ. ployed as the hieroglyphic of mufic, among the Egyptians. This latter circumftance affords a ray of light ; fince not a few points in Grecian mythology, may be re- ferred to the error ot taking in a literal fenfe, the Egyptian hieroglyphics, which like all allegorical paintings were baiely metaphors, Jove HYMN TO DELOS. 141 Jove footh'd his angiy queen ; ilie dropt her fcorn, 420 And felt the gen'ral joy when Sol was born. Then, happy Delos ! thy foundations chang'd To golden columns in bright order rang'd ; On that bleft day thy circling lake became Of liquid gold, and feem'd a moving flame : 42 - On golden branches golden olives roll'd. And deep Inopus flovv^'d in waves of gold. Then lifting from the ihining foil you preft With arms encircling, to your fnowy breaft The new-born God, and thus with pleafure fpoke : 430 On thee, proud earth, unnumber'd altars fmoke ; On thee fair cities, mighty ftates are feen ; Thy ihores are fertile, and thy fields are green : Thy thronging iilands cotmtlefs numbers yield, Whilil I lie wafte with all my plains untill'd. 4^r ΟυΓ Hoij νε[Α,ίσ•'ή(ΤΒν, Wti γρλον εζίλετο ZfU?, Χαυίτεχ Tot τότε 'srxvToi S-c^usiX/a γειρετο Α'^λε. 200 Χουσ-ω Ss τρογρεσσ-ΰί -ΰΓχνημερος εξρεε λιρ,ντίί Χρυσίιον ^' εκο>^.ΐ(Γ<Γε γινεθλιον εονος ε\χιι/ις, ' Χρυσω ίί τ3-Χε^^Α.υ^ε βίχ^υς Ινωττος ελιχ^ύεις. Αυτί) ίε γρικτεοιο «ττ α:εό; ύλεο τιΤίχ,ιοχ, Εν ί' ε^οίλευ κολττοιο-ιν Ιττος S εφύεγζαο τοιον, 265 XI αεγχλ\ ω τα-ολυζωιχ,ε, -ΰτολυτίτολι, "ΰτολλα ρεξ^ίτα, Πιονες ■^ττείξοι τε κ^ α,Ι -ατεξίναιετε Vr^cot, But 142 HYMNTODELOS. But fince Apollo deigns to take my name. The pow'r will blefs, and grant me greater fame Than all the world receives from Gods befide : More than from Neptune the Cenchra^an tide ; More than Cyllene's hill, or Greta's plainf, 440 From Hermes one, and one from Jove obtains. By Phcebus lov'd, my ftation here I'll keep. And float no more amid the ftormy deep. So faying, ihe difplay'd her facred breaft. Which, with his lips, the fmiling infant preil, 445 And fuck'd ambrofial juice ; from whence the name Of ifle moil holy confecrates thy fame, Ο glorious nurfe ! and hence thou ne'er ilialt feel The force of ftern Belona's vengeful fteel ; Nor here fhall Pluto fpread his dark domain, 45» Nor Mars impetuous thunder o'er thy plain. AuTij Ιγω τοι-η^ε iucnj^oToj' «λλ αττ £jwecj Ιεςχ οξα,γ^ατοί "ΰΤξωτοι TtjXoUsv Βκζκινοντοί τϊΓολυ •ϋτρωτιςΌί οί-χρνται '^ί Τ-ήΧΐ'χίες ^ξξχ-ποντίς α(ηγν}Τΰΐο λεζιιτος. Αευτεξον Ιεξον α,ς-υ, vcf ^ρεα, MrjXi^og α,Ιι/ις Εοχ^οντχί' κειθεν οε oixTrXuairtv Αζχντων El•; αγχ9ον ■ur:ai:v Αι^Χχντισν. «ο" ετι f^xapog Ο τϊγΧοο; EutoS/ijSsi/• εττει (τεο γειτονΐς oofMi. Ζ<)0 ΥΙβίύτχι ται τχ ί' Ινεΐίίχν χττο ζχνθαν Αρι^χ<Γ7Γων Ουτη; τβ, Αοζω τε, >c, ευχιων Έ,χχεςγη, * The Caldron's myftic foiiiui.] This refers to the brazen kettles of DoJona, the mod probable acroiint of which is, that they were fo formed and arranged that by ftriking one of them the found communicated to the reft: (Demon apnd Suidam) by which means they made a continual noife; and thence a great talker was called pro- verbially, cxSunut χα,Μαον, Ά Dodonean kettle. U With 1 146 HYMNTODELOS. With pious hands the firil ripe off'rings bore Τ 470 To Delos' iile, from th' Arimafpian ihore Fair youths attending, that return'd no more. But here were blefs'd ; and hence each hallow'd name Shall ever flouriih in immortal fame. For when the Delian nymphs, a beauteous throng ! 476 With am'rous throbbings hear the nuptial fong ; The joyful bridegroom hails the blifsful morn, Whilft from his face the virgin down is ihorn ; The bluiliing bride, with equal fpeed, prepares. And from her head divides the votive hairs i 480 The firft is facred to the youths divine. The beauteous locks adorn the virgin's flirine *. From thee, fair Delos, fweet perfumes afcend ; Still, at thy feet, encircling iilands bend ; Θυγοίτιςες 'Bopscxo, j^ αζ<Τίνίζ ο» τοτ αριςοι Ηϊ9ίων, ai' οΙγε •ατχλί[Λ7τετες οίκαο Ικοντο' Έυι/,οφοι S' ίγενοντο^ >Cf α,κ,λεες αττοτ εκιινύι^ ^9S Ητο< Α-ηλιχ^βς ^εν, ότ ευ•ηχήί νμενχιος Ηθεχ καξχων [Λθξ[/,υα•(Γεται^ -ηλικχ xccif^v ΐίαξύενικαι, wxthg ίε '^εξος το -ΰτςωτον ί«λ« Αώ<Γ£ΐ/£5 ψύεοισ-ίν α,ττοίργρ^ενο^ φοζεαοΊν, Αςε^η θυοειτίΓα, σε [Λεν τίτεξί τ α^φι τε νήσοι 300 * Virgins ihrine.] Thefe circumftances are likewife related by Herodotus. L. IV. C. 34. To HYMN TO DELOS. 14.7 To folemn fongs their verdant heads advance, 485 And feem to move, as in the mazy dance ; When ev'ning Hefper darts his rays around Thy flow'ry ihores; and brightens at the found. By chofen youths the lofty lays are fung That flow'd from Lycian Olens * tuneful tongue, 490 An ancient feer ; fair virgins dance around. And fliake, with choral feet, the folid ground. Bright Venus, liil'ning to the hymns divine. The nymphs with garlands deck, her ancient ilirine, By Thefeus rais'd-f• ; when with the fons of Greece 495 From Cretan plains he gain'd the iliores in peace ; Κυκλον eTTOiijtrai'TO, ^ ως χοξον α,ιιφίζχΚοντο, OJxe (Γίωτταλψ, ir α^οφον. iXoq Ι9εΐξ0ίΐς ΕίΓΤΓίβοί αλλ ctiEi (Τΐ κχταζλεττίΐ αι^φιζονιτον. Οΐ fABv υττίχείΟϋΟΊ νο^ον Ανχιοιο γέροντος, Ον τοί Χ7Γ0 Ξοίνύοιο ^εοτΓροτίος Υιγαγεν Πλτ,ν' 2^ ζ Αί Se -ziroSi ΏΓλΐ)<Γ<Γίί<Γ< χθύ•ητίοες αατφχλες αοχς. Α•η τοτε }L•, ς-εφκνοκΓΐ βχςυνετοίΐ Ιοον ayxXixjc Κυττξΐ^ος αρχαινις oioirpco^V ry ταο-ε Θησ-ευ; ΣΙοίχτο (τυν ■ΰΓχι^εΐΓ<Γΐν, Ότε KfijTijoiv ανεττλει. * Lyciin Olen was the moft ancient of all the Greek Poets, prior not only to Homer but to Orpheus. He compofed hyirns for the prieils of Delphi and Dclos. Paufan. in Phocic. & Boeotic. t The Athenians never f^^iled to diftinguifli themfelves on every orcafion of piety as well as patriotifm. Thefeus failed to Delos, and returned thanks for che fuccefs of U 3 1>'* 148 HYMN TO DELOS. Return'd in triumph o'er the briny main. From fell Pafiphaes monftrous offspring flain ; For Venus guided thro' the maze beneath. The winding lab'rinth, and the den of death. 500 Hence beauteous Queen, he led the choir around Thy facred altars, to the folemn found Of melting lyres ; and here the Athenians fent. In grateful memo'ry of this fam'd event. The ilirouds and tackling to the God of day. That ftill remain, nor iliall with time decay. And fince, Afteria, thy bright ihores are crown'd With fmoking altars, and with hymns rcfound. What mariners, when fwift-wing'd velTels keep Their courfe by thee, along th' JEgcan deep, ς 10 Ο» χαλετΓον ΐΛΌκ-ημ-χ κ^ αγξίον υια φυγοντες j ι ο ΠχοΊφκνις, }Cf yvociATTTOv eoog ctkoXiss λιχ,ζυρίνθϋ, JJoTViOi σον τίτεξί βω(Λον ίγείξο^ενα KiuxoKTfMs Κυκλιον ωρχ^'ηιτχντο' χοξϋ ο ΐΐγ•η(Γατο Θ-ηίΤίυς. Ένθεν (χειζωντΰί ^εωριοος Ιερ» Φοιζω Κίκ,ξοτηοοίΐ τ!Γΐ^7ΐ'<£(Τΐ τοττψχ νψς εκείνης. ■? Ι γ A;j-£jnj "ΰτοΧυ&ω^ιι, Ώτολιιλλίτε, τις οε (τε vxuTrif his Cretan expedition, the deftruftion of the fierce Minotaur and the delirery of Athens item a cruel and ignominious tribute. Turn pendere psenas Ceciopidac jiUE, mifemni ! feptena quotannis Corpora natoruoj, ViaGiL. a But HYMN TO DELOS. 149 But here fliall flop, and furJ their Avelling fails, Tho' bent on fpeed, and borne by driving gales ? Nor iliall return, till circling o'er the |;round. They fliape the maze, and the ftruck altar Ibuiid With myilic blows, nor till at they command, ς 1 5 With arms averted, as the rites demand. They bite the facred olive *. Thus the god, Ο Nymph of Delos, in thy bright abode. Was entertain'd ; and thus Apollo fpent His infimt-years in mirth and fweet content. 520 Hail ! fair Afteria, girt with iiles around. Like Vefta -f• ftationed, and for peace renown 'd j Έμ•πΰρος AiyxtOio "aroig-fikuGi i/jji' 9-£{i^ κ uroikiv auG'i εζ^νισα-ν ■ι 20 Ylotv μεγχν -η creo βω/Λον υττο "STXriynTiv ελιζοα ΡτΐίτσΌΐΛενον, )^ TS-^Sfivov o^ccycTOitrui uyvov ελαι-ης, Χίΐρας ατΓοςξεψΆντκς, α. Α•ηλιοίς ευξετο vuficprj Παιγνιχ Λϋξίζοντι ttj Ανολλωνι γελαςυν. * They bite the facred oHve.] Thefe extraordinary ceremonies were praftiled in imitation of the fimple fports or amufemcnts that diverted Apollo and Diana in their youth; ceremonies ludicrous indeed, yet not therefore inconfiftent with the genius of Grecian fuperftition. f Delos is called the Vefta of the ifles for two reafons, its immobilhy «• tranqnillitj, and its occupying the center of the CycJades. Stai 150 HYMNTODELOS. Hail Phoebus ! Guardian of thy facred fliorc; And hail the Goddefs *, whom Latona bore ! Ij-iij (a νψων, euEj-iS, %a