LESSING GOETHE 
 SCHILLER 
 
 SYLLABUS AND 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 WM. ADDISON HERVEY 
 
 'alifornia 
 ility
 
 SYLLABUS 
 
 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 LESSING, GOETHE, SCHILLER 
 
 With Topical and Chronological Notes 
 
 and 
 
 Comparative Chronological Tables 
 
 WM. ADDISON HERVEY 
 
 Professor in Columbia University 
 
 Niiw York 
 
 LExMCKE & BUECHNER 
 
 Columbia University Press Bookstore 
 
 19 18
 
 EDITOR'S NOTE 
 
 This syllabus has been developed gradually in the course of 
 twenty years' experience with undergraduate and graduate students 
 of Lessing, Goethe and Schiller, beginning with an introductory course 
 in which two or three works of each author are studied intensively, 
 with collateral reading and essays. Some portions have been printed 
 before 'as manuscript', others have been manifolded for use as pro- 
 seminar programs. Requests from former students and the editor's 
 own convenience have led him to publish the material in this form. 
 The bibliography is selective, but some indispensable titles may have 
 been overlooked and memoranda of these will be thankfully received. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 aet. 
 
 'aetatis' of age, aged 
 
 Kap. 
 
 a/M 
 
 'am Main' 
 
 Leip. 
 
 anon. 
 
 anonymous Cly) 
 
 Lit'gesch. 
 
 Aufl. 
 
 'Auflage', edition 
 
 Mk. 
 
 Ausg. 
 
 'Ausgabe', edition 
 
 MLA 
 
 Bd., Bde. 
 
 'Band, Bande, vol(s). 
 
 
 Bed. 
 
 Berlin 
 
 MLN 
 
 Bibl. 
 
 'Bibliothek', Library 
 
 MS. 
 
 biog(r). 
 
 biography, biographical 
 
 O.J. 
 
 Briefw. 
 
 'Briefwechsel', Correspondence 
 
 p., pp. 
 
 C. 
 
 'circa', about 
 
 passim 
 
 cf. 
 
 compare, see 
 
 pub., Pub. 
 
 cont. 
 
 containing; continued 
 
 Reg. 
 
 deut. 
 
 'deutsch-' 
 
 Repr. 
 
 D JSi L 
 
 Kurschner's Deutsche 
 
 resp. 
 
 
 National-Lifleratur 
 
 rev. 
 
 DuW 
 
 "Dichtung und Wahrheit" 
 
 Schr. 
 
 ed. 
 
 edition, edited by 
 
 Sel. 
 
 e.g. 
 
 'exempli gratia', for example 
 
 Stgt. 
 
 esp. 
 
 especially 
 
 sub. tit. 
 
 etal. 
 
 'et alii', 'et alia', and others 
 
 s. V. 
 
 f., ff. 
 
 and the following page(s) 
 
 T(h)l. 
 
 geb. 
 
 'geborene', nee, maiden name 
 
 transl. 
 
 C-J 
 
 "Goethe-Jahrbuch" 
 
 u. 
 
 Hamb. 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 u.a. 
 
 herausgeg. 
 
 'herausgegeben', edited 
 
 u.s.vv., usw 
 
 ibid. 
 
 'ibidem', in the same work 
 
 verb. 
 
 idem 
 
 the same author 
 
 Vierteljs. 
 
 introd. 
 
 introduction 
 
 vs. 
 
 Jahrh. 
 
 'Jahrhundert', century 
 
 Weltlit. 
 
 Jhb.d. F.D.H 
 
 "Jahrbuch des Freien Deutschen 
 
 Zeits. 
 
 
 Hochstifts" 
 
 z\V. 
 
 'Kapitel', chapter 
 
 Leipzig 
 
 'Literaturgeschichte' 
 
 'Mark(s)' 
 
 Modern Language Association 
 
 01 America 
 "Modern Language Notes" 
 manuscript 
 
 'ohne Jahr', no date, n. d. 
 page, pages 
 here and there 
 published. Publications 
 'Register', index 
 Reprint 
 respectively 
 revised 
 
 'Schriften', Writings 
 Selections, selected 
 Stuttgart 
 
 'sub titulo', under title 
 'sub voce', under the word 
 'T(h)eil(e)', part(s) 
 translated by 
 'und' 
 
 'und andere' 
 . 'und so weiter', etc. 
 'verheiratete', married (name) 
 "Vierteljahrschrift" 
 'versus', against 
 "VVeltliteratur" 
 "Zeitschrift", Journal 
 'zwischen' 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 Instructions for Preparation of Essays 3 
 
 Bibliographical Notes and Programs of Topics, in chronological order: 
 
 First Series: LESSING, Topics 1-25 S-2?, 
 
 Second Series: GOETHE, Topics 1-32 27-65 
 
 Genesis of "Faust. Erster Teil." Table facing 55 
 
 Third Series: SCHILLER, Topics 1-30 '. 69-105 
 
 Minor Storm and Stress Dramatists: Topic 3 76-80 
 
 General Bibliography 108-128 
 
 Chronology to 1700. Comparative Chronology, 1700-1832 129-146 
 
 List of Persons, 1700-1832 147-148 
 
 Copyright, 1918, by Wm. A. Hervey.
 
 INSTRUCTIONS 
 FOR 
 
 PREPARATION OF ESSAYS 
 
 Essays should contain from three thousand to thirty-five hun- 
 dred words and should be in English, unless the writer can compose 
 directly in German with fluency and reasonable correctness of syntax 
 and idiom. The essays are not intended as exercises in German 
 composition. German script is not to be used. 
 
 Essays are to be based upon the authorities cited, but are not 
 to consist exclusively, or mainly, of excerpts. In every case, how- 
 ever, a number of suitable quotations should be made from German 
 works of reference, as evidence of proper examination of the material 
 assigned. In every instance these quotations are to be translated 
 into English and the original text is to be given in foot-notes, with 
 reference to the volume and page quoted. In the case of extracts 
 from the works or letters of Lessing, Goethe or Schiller this pro- 
 cess is to be reversed; that is, the original is to be quoted in the 
 main body of the essay, the writer's translation in foot-notes, with 
 reference to the page (and lines, if in verse) of the edition used. 
 In the judgment of essays much weight will be given to the ex- 
 cellence of these selections and of the translations; the latter must 
 be original, except that in the case of lyric poems standard trans- 
 lations may be used. Dramatic verse is to be rendered into cor- 
 responding verse or into prose. Literal quotations from English 
 works of reference should be indicated by proper marks and by 
 foot-note with the same precision. When a paragraph follows the 
 source closely, but not in the same language, it is sufficient to state 
 that it is "based upon" such and such an author. The greater part 
 of the essay, however, should be written in the student's own 
 language. The proper method is for the student to make notes of 
 facts and opinions in his own words, avoiding as far as possible 
 the phraseology of the book before him; or better, to record his 
 impressions from memory, immediately after reading a page or 
 paragraph of the book consulted. The material thus obtained from 
 diflferent sources should be correlated and combined for reproduc- 
 tion in the student's own language. For such material no specific 
 references to volume and page are required. It is understood that 
 the substance of these essays is to be obtained largely by compila- 
 tion, but the form is to be original. The writer should aim at 
 originality of substance when opportunity offers, as in the sum- 
 mary of plots and the discussion of characters, and should in- 
 corporate his own opinion on points of criticism. It should be noted 
 that a character in a play or a novel is best described by what he 
 says and does; that accordingly characterizations are to point out 
 significant acts and utterances and are not to consist mainly in the 
 application of descriptive adjectives. In the case of works of Les- 
 sing, Goethe and Schiller not read in course the student should make 
 primarily, and before consulting critical authorities, a study cf the 
 respective text; less emphasis is placed upon the reading of criticism 
 
 3 
 
 ^21 O^^i a
 
 4 INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 than in the case of works studied in course. A list of books 
 actually used by the writer must be given at the end of the essay in 
 proper bibliographical form (see Bibliography of this Syllabus). 
 
 Essays not conforming to the foregoing requirements will be 
 rejected and no credit will be allowed for the work done. Improper 
 use of material, in particular failure to indicate and acknowledge 
 quotations as directed, may result in forfeiture of credit for the 
 course. Special attention is also called to the general requirement 
 of the College as to correct English. An essay seriously deficient 
 in spelling, punctuation, idiom, syntax, or structure will be accepted 
 only with reduced credit and may be wholly rejected, irrespective 
 of the quality of its substance. Essays are to be written legibly, 
 in ink, or typewritten (with careful correction of typographical 
 errors), on paper 8xl0j4 or 8J/2XII inches, and of no other size. 
 One side only is to be used and a margin of IJ^ inches is to remain 
 blank on the left of each page. The pages are to be numbered and 
 the leaves held together with a clip or similar fastener. 
 
 Five weeks before a given series of essays is due, each student 
 will choose three topics in that series, one of which will be assigned 
 to him, unless circumstances make the assignment of some other 
 topic expedient. Before beginning work he is required to consult 
 the instructor, by appointment, respecting the selection and use 
 of material. Works and letters of Lessing, Goethe and Schiller 
 are referred to in the editions noted at the beginning of each series 
 of topics. Works of criticism are referred to under the several 
 topics by author, volume, and chapter or page. Some of these are 
 equivalent, as will be explained in consultation. Full titles, when 
 not given under the topics, will be found in the Bibliography. 
 Selected essays will be put on reference and the student is required 
 to prepare himself on ten topics under each series assigned. 
 
 The foregoing instructions are intended for undergraduate students 
 at Columbia. They are retained in order to indicate how the editor 
 uses the Syllabus in connection with essay work. Other teachers 
 will naturally modify them. — The relative scope and the equivalence 
 of editions and of reference works should be made clear. The abun- 
 dance of suitable Schiller literature makes this particularly applicable 
 to that author. The bibliosraphy is intended to meet the needs of 
 classes having access to many different books and of those with 
 small library facilities. — A cursory examination will show that the 
 essay-topics vary widely in difficulty and scope and that some of 
 them may be further delimited or subdivided according to the student's 
 capacity and the intensiveness of treatment desired. The material 
 is intended for undergraduates of at least two grades, as well as for 
 elementary graduate students who have not had similar preparatory 
 training. Many of the topics will be found suitable for proseminar 
 rei)orts (but the difference between such a report and an essay 
 should be emphasized) and a limited amount. of such detailed guidance 
 is not harmful.
 
 First Series: Lessing 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 
 
 References to Lessing's Works are to the following editions, cited 
 in the order named and by means of the abbreviations noted: 
 
 1. L-M Lachmann-Muncker. — Lessings Samtliche Schriften. Her- 
 
 ausgegeben von Karl Lachmann (13 Bde. 1838-40. 2. Aufl. 
 von Maltzahn, 1857). Dritte Auflage neu revidiert von 
 Franz Muncker. 21 Bande (16 of Works, 5 of Corre- 
 spondence). Berlin, 1891-1907. — An index vol. is to follow; 
 in its absence the most convenient 'working edition' is H. 
 
 2. H. Hempel. — Lessings Werke. Herausgegeben von Redlich, 
 
 Gross, Pilger u.s.w. 20 Thcilc (in 13 Biinden). Berlin 
 (1868-79). — The only edition except the Lachmann-Muncker 
 which contains Lessing's correspondence. 
 
 3. DNL Kiirschners Deutsche National-Litteratur. Lessings Werke. 
 
 Hcrausgeg. von Boxbcrger und Bliimner. 14 Theile in 
 18 Banden. Stuttgart (1883-90). (Price, Mk. 3.50 per vol.) 
 
 4. C Cotta. — Lessings Samtliche Werke. Herausgeg. von Hugo 
 
 Goring. 20 Bande. Stuttgart (1883-85). Cottaschc Bib- 
 liothek der Wcltlit. — Supplement, vol. Lessings Leben 
 (very good, brief). (Price 1 Mark per vol.; sold singly.) 
 The standard edition of Lessing's Works is the Lachmann- 
 Muncker, which is provided with complete critical apparatus and is 
 the final authority on textual questions. The introductions relate 
 to textual matters only. The edition is therefore less adapted to 
 the earlier stages of Lessing study than H or DNL, which (except 
 H Thcilc 1-5) have excellent general introductions and also some 
 notes. C has good brief introductions, but no notes. Editions with 
 English introductions and notes will be mentioned when available. — 
 Only collected ed. (the 'Vademecum') in Lessing's lifetime: G. E. 
 Lessings Schriften. 6 Theile. Berlin. 1753-55 (cf. for Topics 5-9). 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Complete, to 1892, in GOEDEKE'S "Grund- 
 riss". Band IV. 132-154. Annual, since 1890, in "Jahresberichte." 
 Selected, to 1909, in BARTELS' "Handbuch". 193-201. 
 
 SOURCES. — First-hand information about Lessing's life and 
 works to be found in (a) BRIEFE, which should invariably be 
 consulted in the preparation of essays. Contained in L-M 17, IS 
 and H 20. i. The letters contain much of interest about Lessing's 
 various works, published and planned. For index of references (ar- 
 ranged, in general, chronologically with respect to genesis of works') 
 see 'Namen-Register' in H 20. i., page 856-858. References are made 
 to the letter numbers. Much may also be found in the letters to 
 Lessing (L-M 19-21, H 20. ii.), to which there is no index.
 
 6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 
 
 (b) KARL G. LESSING: "Gotthold Ephraim Lessings Leben, 
 nebst seincm . . . littcrarischen Nachlassc." 3 Theile. Berlin, 
 1793-95. — Biography in vol. 1. Reprinted in Reclam's Univcrsal- 
 Bibliothck, No. 2408-9, — This biography is far from satisfactory, but 
 is valuable by reason of the writer's relationship and consequent 
 intimate knowledge of Lessing's life. 
 
 (c) CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM.— J. W. BRAUN: "Lessing 
 im Urthcile seiner Zeitgenossen." 3 Biinde. — Reviews of contemp- 
 orary critics, arranged in chronological order. To be consulted for 
 all essays dealing with reception of Lessing's works. 
 
 BIOGRAPHY AND GENERAL CRITICISM.— The brief "Life 
 of Lessing," by T. \V, ROLLESTON (30 cts.) is the best introduction 
 in English. Excellent brief biography in German (155 p.) by R. M. 
 WERNER (Mk. 1.25). The standard work, superseding all others, is the 
 monumental critical biography by ERICH SCHMIDT. "Lessing." 2 
 vols. 1884-92. Zweite Aufiage, 1899. Dritte Auflage, 1909. Should be con- 
 sulted whenever cited. Reference is given by page or by Book and 
 Chapter (vol. 1 contains Books 1 and 2; vol. 2, Book 3); for the 
 portion of a chapter relating to the topic assigned, see outline of 
 content at beginning of each volume. JAMES SIME'S "Lessing" (2 
 vols., 1S77, and in later editions) is the best work in English. ADOLF 
 STAHR'S "G. E. Lessing" (1S39, and in many editions since) is 
 a 'popular' book, without claim to scientific scholarship, but sym- 
 pathetic and written in an easy style. If the reading of Schmidt 
 is found difficult, it may be prefaced with advantage by the corre- 
 sponding portion of Sime or Stahr; in the case of works, by the 
 introduction in H, DNL or C. For either biographical or critical 
 topics Sime and Stahr will not suffice; they must be supplemented 
 by Schmidt or by the special works cited. — The first scholarly biog- 
 raphy was that of Danzel und Guhrauer (1850-54). 2 Bde. 2. Aufi. 
 1880. Still valuable. Arrangement inconvenient; style difficult. 
 
 DRAMAS. — Two works of particular value for the study of the 
 principal plays are GUSTAV KETTNER'S "Lessings Dramen" (Sara, 
 Minna, Emilia, Nathan), 1904; and KUNO FISCHER'S "Lessing als 
 Rcformator der Deutschen Literatur." 2 Bande. (Faust-Fragment, 
 Minna, Emilia, Nathan.) — Fischer is brief and very lucid; an ex- 
 cellent introduction to study of plot and characters. Kettner is 
 much more thorough and includes also a study of sources and literary 
 influences; indispensable (Mk. 6.50). — Fischer, Mk. 9.50. Schmidt, 
 Mk. 23. 
 
 CRITICAL WORKS.— Monumental edition of "Laokoon" by 
 HUGO BLUEMNER. 2. Auflage, 18S0; shorter introd. and commen- 
 tary, by Bliimner, in DNL 9. i. Scholarly English ed. by W. G. 
 HOWARD, 1910, with slightly abridged text; contains also Goethe's 
 "Uber Laokoon" and Herder's "Erstes kritisches Waldchen," the 
 latter very important for the study of Lessing's work. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL.— Best general discussion is C. SCHREMPPS 
 "Lessing als Philosoph." Two valuable books on special topics are 
 C. HEBLER'S "Lessing-Studien" and E. KRETSCHMAR'S "Les- 
 sing und die Aufklarung."
 
 Program of Topics 
 
 N.B. — Topics or divisions of topics preceded by an asterisk (*) 
 are to be chosen only by advanced students who are specially 
 qualified. Topic-divisions enclosed in parentheses, for example (a), 
 may be chosen singly as subjects for essays. Sub-topics, printed 
 in black letter but not capitalized, are to be treated as divisions 
 of the main subject. The synoptic outline which sometimes follows 
 the topic-title merely suggests important 'headings' for the essay; 
 it is not exhaustive and does not mean that the writer must follow 
 the same order of development. The titles of works referred to 
 only by the author's name will be found in the General Bibliography 
 after the Third Scries of Topics. Read carefully the Instructions 
 and Bibliographical Note on preceding pages before beginning work. 
 
 1. THE GERMAN PEOPLE AFTER THE THIRTY YEARS' 
 
 WAR, 1648-1740. — The Rise of Prussia to the Accession of 
 Frederick the Great. 
 
 Nature of the conflict. Cliaracter of the armies. Conduct of warfare and 
 its results. Terms of the Peace of Westphalia. Conditions after the 
 war: political, economic, moral, religious, educational, literary (last briefly). 
 Character and relations of nobility, bourgeoisie and peasantry. — Evidences of 
 gradual recovery. Characteristics of Brandenburg-Prussian rulers and 
 people. Preparation for the hegemony of Prussia. 
 
 Karl Biedermann, Band 2, Erster Theil, p. 27-66, Freytag: Aus 
 dcm Jahrhundert dcs grosscn Krieges. Selections by Rhoades 
 (Heath & Co.) Henne am Rhyn, II. 4. Buch, ix. Abschnitt; .^. 
 Buch ii. und v. Abschnitt. Sach, II. chaps. 27-29, p. 414-470. 
 Henderson, II. chap. 1, 3. Hillebrand, 37-78. Richard, chap. 31, 32. 
 
 2. FREDERICK THE GREAT— MAN AND STATESMAN.— Su- 
 
 premacy of Prussia. 
 Boyhood and youth (1712-). Education. Early tastes. Conflict with father; 
 reconciliation. Marriage. King of Prussia (1740-1786). Political and 
 military achievements (without details of wars). Political and religious 
 phi'osophy. Theory and practise of kingship. Civil administration. 
 Paternalism. Economic, educational and religious reforms. — Personal traits 
 and private life. Sans Souci. Literary interests and attainments (without 
 detail, cf. Topic 3). Isolation of later years. Death. 
 
 Freytag: Aus dem Staat Friedrichs des Grossen, ed. by Hager 
 (Heath). Hettner, III. ii. 3-29, 147-161. Sach, II. chaps. 45, 46, 
 p. 690-722. Henderson, II. 111-204 (passim). Macaulay: Essay 
 on Frederick the Great. Robinson and Beard: Readings in 
 Modern European History. Vol. I. Rcadintr^; 31. r^2 39. 40, 06. 07. 
 Richard, ch. 35. K. Biedermann, Bd. 4, p. 1140-65; ed. Walz, 62-89.
 
 8 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 3. FREDERICK THE GREAT AS STUDENT AND PATRON OF 
 
 LETTERS. Relations with Voltaire. "De la litterature 
 allemande." 
 
 Frederick's interest in French literature. Reasons. His French writings. 
 Correspondence with Voltaire. Voltaire's career to 1750. First (1740) 
 and subsequent (1742, 1743) meetings. Voltaire's stay at Berlin (1750-53). 
 Personal intercourse. Results. Voltaire's offenses. His departure. Later 
 relations. — Frederick's neglect of German writers. Reasons. Effect. His 
 discourse "On German Lit.'' 1780. 
 
 "De la litterature allemande," cd. Geiger (with German transl. 
 of Dohm); transl. Simon, Rcclam Univ. Bibliothek, No. 2211. 
 A. E. Berger: Fricdr. dcr Grosse und die deutschc Literatur 
 (Bonn, 1890), p. 1-33. E. Schmidt, 2d edition, vol. I, p. 152- 
 161, vol. II. p. 610-614; 3d edition, I. p. 153-162, II. p. 615-619. 
 Henderson, II. p. 182-192. Reception: Suphan: Fr. d. Gr. Schrift. 
 Voltaire: Encyclopedia Britannica (for general biograph. sketch). 
 Hettner, II. 136-165. Condorcet: Vic de Voltaire (Bibl. Nat. 
 Paris, 1889), p. 63-71. H. Grimm, transl. Adams: Essays on 
 Literature (Boston, 1888), p. 93-130. J. Morley: Voltaire (N. Y. 
 & Lond. 1S88), p. 194-210. J. Parton. Life of Voltaire (Boston, 
 1881), vol. 11. chap, 3-9, 12. Stahr, 2tes Buch, 4tes Kapitel (1st half). 
 
 4. LESSING'S BOYHOOD AND YOUTH.— Kamenz (Jan. 22, 1729- 
 
 June, 1741) 'Fiirstenschiiler' at St. Afra (June, 1741-June, 
 1746). Leipzig Student (Sept., 1746-July, 1748). 
 
 Home and parentage. Father's character. Earliest schooling. — Studies and 
 teachers at St. Afra. Private reading. 'Juvenilia' (earliest writings). — 
 Leipzig, city and university. Professors Ernesti, Christ, Kastner. Gottsched 
 and Gellcrt. Associates; Weisse and Mylius. Theater: Frau Ncuber. — 
 Writings. First published play: "Damon, oder die wahre Freundschaft''. 
 Production of "Dcr junge Gelehrte" (without details of the play, cf. Topic 
 7a). Consequences. At home, Jan. -Apr. 174S. Return to Leipzig. De- 
 parture for Berlin via Wittenberg, July, 1748. 
 
 Brief e, L-M 17. No. 1, 2, 6. H. 20. i. No.'s 1-3. "GlUckwiinsch- 
 ungsrede" (1743). L-M 14. 136-142. H 18. 297-304. DNL 13. 
 229-236. "An Carlowitz" (1746) L-M 1. 274-278. DNL 1. 83-86. 
 C 1. 133-136. "Damon," L-M 3. 178-200. H. 5 119-42. DNL 3. 
 i. 193-217. C 2. 21-44. K. Lessing, Kapitel 2, 3. E. Schmidt, Erstes 
 Buch, I. und II. Kap. Stahr, Erstes Buch, Kap. 1-3. Sime, chap. 
 2, 3. 
 
 5. THE BEGINNINGS OF LESSING'S CAREER. Berlin (Nov. 
 
 1748-Dec., 1751). Wittenberg (Dec, 1751-Nov., 1752). Ber- 
 lin (Nov. 1752-Oct., 1755). 
 From Leipzig via Wittenberg to Berlin. First experiences in Berlin. 
 Literary occupations and interests. Relations with parents. Connection 
 and quarrel with Voltaire. Student again. Literary work at Wittenberg 
 (without details). Return to Berlin. Associates and friends, especially 
 Mylius, Ramler, Mendelssohn and Nicolai. Importance of last two. — 
 Critical journals rnd reviews of this period. Publication of "G. E. Lessing's 
 Schriften. Sechs Theile". 1753-55. Their content. Departure to Leipzig. 
 
 Briefe, L-M 17. No. 9-19, 27, 34, 36. H 20. i. No. 3-10, 13, 17, 19; 
 L-M 19. No. 13, 15. H 20. ii. No. 2, 3. "Beitrage zur Historic
 
 FIRST SERIES: LESSING 9 
 
 und Aufnahme des Theaters" (1750). Aims, character and con- 
 tent. Read Vorrede, L-M 4. 49-5G. H 11. i. p. 3-10, DNL 4. ii. 
 97-106. C 6. 11-20. "Das Neueste aus dem Reiche des Witzes" 
 (Apr.-Dcc. 1751). Read April number, on J. J. Rousseau's "Dis- 
 cours" and Klopstock's "Mcssias." L-M 4. 385-99. H 8. 33-48. 
 DNL 4. ii. 3-17. C 6. 153-166. K. Lessing, Kap. 4-6. E. Schmidt, 
 Erstes Buch, IV. u. V. Kap. (biogr.). Stahr, 2. Buch. Sime, chap. 4-6. 
 Robertson: Lessing's "Beitrage". Mod. Lang. Rev. 8. Sllf, 9. 213f. 
 Reviews. H 12. beginning p. 435, 468, 481, 532, 536, 560, 580, 607. 
 Nicolai and Mendelssohn: Hettner, IIL 2. 169-81, 190-99. M. Kay- 
 serling: Moses Mendelssohn. 2te Aufl. p. 216-26, 266-77, 338-54. 
 Jewish Encyclop., art. on Moses Mendelssohn. Rousseau: En- 
 cyclop. Brit, (biogr. sketch). Hettner, II. 448-454. English transl. 
 of "First Discourse" in Everyman's Library, No. 660, p. 125-154. 
 
 6. LESSING'S LYRICS AND EPIGRAMS (1747 ff). 
 
 "LIEDER," including "Kleinigkeiten" (1751). L-M I. 61-132 
 H 1. 51-100. DNL 1. 3-62. C 1. 66-117. "SINNGEDICHTE." 
 L-M 1. 3-58. H. 1. 121-69. DNL 1-121-79. C 1. 22-64. "ODEN," 
 Anhang (2tes Buch, No.'s 1-5.) L-M 1. 148-153. H 1. 113-17. 
 DNL 1. 77-82. C 1. 129-33. Lessing's Vorrede. H 12. 405-409. 
 DNL 6. 143-147. C 1. 22-25. E, Schmidt, Erstes Buch, III. 
 Kapitel, 1, 2 passim. 
 
 7. SIGNIFICANT EARLY THEMES.— Minor Early Plays. 
 
 (a) "DER JUNGE GELEHRTE." Ein Lustspiel (before 1748). 
 
 Genesis. Revision at Leipzig. Local incident. Plot and characters. 
 Import. 'Selbstkritik'. Production. Reception. 
 
 L-M 1. 279-372. H 4. 1-90. DNL 1. 263-352. C 2. 45-130.— Vorrer' 
 H, 12. 410-14. DNL 6. 250-54. C 2. 16-20. Briefe, L-I^^^scussed. I 
 6. H,20. i. No. 3. E. Schmidt, 2d ed. I. 135-141; 3d ed. L 1^ ) 
 
 (b) "DER FREIGEIST." Ein Lustspiel (1749). 
 
 Gcntsis. Early religious influences. Religion and free-thought in Berlin 
 Frederick and Voltaire. Pastor Lessing's anxiety. Lessing's reply. His 
 proposal. Plot and characters of the play. Import. 
 
 L-M 2. 49-124. H 5. 1-75. DNL 2. 1-76. C 2. 211-292. Entwurf 
 (Scenario): L-M 3. 262-72. H 11. ii. 423-34. DNL 3. ii. 61-70. 
 C 2, 212-221. Briefe, L-M 17. No. 10. H 20. i. No. 5. "Die 
 Religion" (fragment of poem), L-M 1. 255-67. H 1. 177-87. DNL 
 1. 200-210. C 1. 151-61. E. Schmidt, 2d ed. I. 104-107, 141-145; 
 3d ed. I. 105-108, 142-147. 
 
 (c) i. "DIE JUDEN." Ein Lustspiel (1749). 
 
 Genesis. Condition of the Jews in Berlin. Frederick's attitude. Lessing'* 
 interest. Plot and characters of the play. Significance of Lessing'.^ 
 idealization. Criticism thereof by Michaelis. Lessing's reply (1754). 
 Gumpertz's protest. Mendelssohn as the ideal. 
 
 L-M 1. 374-411. H 4. 91-126. DNL 1. 353-388. C 2. 125-160. 
 Vorrede, H 12. 413. DNL 6. 253. C 2. 19. "Ueber das Lustspiel, 
 Die Juden" ("Theatralische Bibliothek," 1754). L-M 6. 159-166. 
 H 11. i. 341-48. DNL 5. 167-74. C. 3. 17-24. E. Schmidt, 2d ed. T. 
 145-151; 3d ed. I. 147-152. Biedermann, 4. 1113-24; ed. Walz, 36-45.
 
 10 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 ii, SIMON LEMNIUS. (Eine Rettung. 1752.) (Kritische) 
 
 BRIEFE 1-8 (1753). 
 Lessing's "Vindications": Schriftcn, 3. Teil. Their character and purpose 
 (of. Vorrede, H 12. 411. DNL 12. 251. C 2. 17).— The case of Lemnius 
 (153S). Luther's conduct. Lessing's investigation. His impartial judg- 
 ment. His estimate of Luther. His tolerance. 
 
 L-M 5. 41-64. H 8, 167-191. DNL 6. 148-171. C 6. 245-266. 
 Einleitung, H 8. 146-153. E. Schmidt, 2d ed. I. 226-32; 3d ed. 
 I. 22S-34. Sime, chap. 5, III. 
 (d) i. "SAMUEL HENZI." Ein Trauerspiel. (Fragment. 1749?) 
 
 Genesis. Sources: contemporary newspaper accounts. Career and fate 
 of Ilenzi. Content of the fragment. Form. Theme: republican liberty. 
 Significance of Lessings's interest. Other plans: "Das befreite Rom", 
 "Virginia". Influenced by Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar"? Reception. 
 
 (Krit.) Briefe 22-23: L-M 5. 97-121. H 8. 227-50. DNL 6. 205-29. 
 C 5. 137-58. Contemporary accounts, H. 11. ii. 435-63 (Text, 
 464-83). C 5. 14-38. E. L. Rochholz: Tell und Gessler, 232-38. 
 E. Schmidt, 2d ed. I. 210-17, 341-43; 3d ed. I. 212-19, 347-49. 
 
 ii. MINOR EARLY COMEDIES. "Der Misogyne" (1748). 
 "Die alte Jungfer" (1749). "Der Schatz" (1750). 
 L-M 2. 1-48; 125-70. 3. 201-34. H 4. 127-68. 5. 77-118; 143-76, 
 DNL 2. 77-119; 121-66. 3. i. 219-56. C 2. 131-74. 175-210. 3. 61-102. 
 
 Typical themes and characters in "Der Misogyne" and "Die alte Jungfer''. 
 
 Humorous situations. — "Der Schatz" and the "Trintimmus"' of Plautus. 
 
 Lessing's Plautus studies in his "Beitrage zur Historic und Aufnahme des 
 
 Theaters", (cf. Topic 5). 
 
 E. Schmidt, Erstes Buch, III. Kap., 4; IV. Kap., 2. 
 ♦8. STUDIES IN HORACE. LANGE AND HIS TRANSLATION. 
 
 Pastor Large as poet and translator. His translation of Horace. Lessirg's 
 ^.'eview ("Kritischer Brief" 24). His letter to Prof. G. S. Xicolai (L-M 
 17. No. 19; H 20 i. No. 10). Nicolai's proposal (L-M 19. No. 16; H 20. 
 ii. No. 4) and Lessing's reply (L-M 17. No. 20; H 20. i. No. 11). 
 Publication of Lessing's review in the "Hamburg Correspondent". Lange's 
 reply (Nov. 1753), H 13. i. 13-31. Lessing's "Vade Mecum" (1754). 
 Lange's open letter to Prof. Nicolai (Feb. 1754), H 13 i. 32-49). Nicolai's 
 answer, H 13. i. 50-58. His explanation of Lessing's position. — A sequel 
 of the Lange affair: "Rettungen des Horaz''. The charges. Lessing s 
 method of defense. His principles of criticism. 
 
 (Kritischer) BRIEF 24 (1753). L-M 5. 122-27. H S. 251-55. DXL 
 6. 229-34. C 6. 300-05. 
 
 "Ein VADE MECUM fur den Hrn. Sam. Gotth. Lange" (1754). 
 L-M 5. 223-263. H 13. i. 61-105, passim. DNL 6. 255-296, passim. 
 C 15. 11-42. passim. Read Introduction, and criticism of Book 1: 
 Odes 1, 2, 11;- Book 5, Ode 11; Conclusion, Ode 38. Cf. the 
 letters of Lange and G. S. Nicolai in H 13. i., noted above. Cf. 
 Lessing's announcements in "Vossische Zeitung," H 12. 5'>2-36. 
 "RETTUNGEN DES HORAZ" (1754). Read first half (about): 
 L-M 5. 273-S6. H 13. i. 119-36. DNL 6. 297-314. C 15. 43-54. 
 Briefe, L-M 17. Nos. 19, 20. 32. H 20, i. No. 10, 11, 16; L-M 19, 
 No. 16. H 20. ii. No. 4. E. Schmidt, 2d ed. I. 232-43; 3d ed. I. 
 234-45. Sime, chap. 6. § III. Michaelis's review in Braun, I.
 
 FIRST SERIES: LESSING 11 
 
 9. "MISS SARA SAMPSON." Ein burgerliches Trauerspiel. (1755). 
 
 L-M 2. 2G5-352. li 2. 91-173. DXL 2. 167-253. C 3. 103-184. 
 
 (a) A CRITICAL STUDY. 
 
 Genesis. Critical analysis of plot and characters. Comparison of characters 
 with those of "Emilia Galotti". Reception and influence. 
 
 (b) ENGLISH INFLUENCE ON PLOT AND CHARACTERS. 
 
 — Beginning of the 'Middle-Class Tragedy' in Germany. 
 
 English origins of (1) The Middle-Class Tragedy, with special reference 
 to Lillo, and (2) The Family Novel of Richardson. 
 
 (a) or (b): Biedermann, Band II. Zwcitcr Tcil, p. 262-G6. Hettner, 
 III. 2. 462-67. E. Schmidt, 2d cd. I. 246-67: 3d cd. I, 272-94. 
 (a): Briefe, H 20. i. Register, p. 856. Bulthaupt, I. 3-11. Braim; 
 Lessing im Urtheile. I. 69-86. Stahr, Drittes Buch, Kap. 3. Sime, 
 chap. 6, § VI. 
 
 (b) Lillo: "The London Merchant, or George Barnwell" (1731); 
 ed. by A. W. Ward (Heath & Co.). Richardson: "Clarissa Har- 
 lowe" (1748); abridged by Chas. Jones (Holt & Co.). 
 Eloesser: Das biirgerliche Drama, Kap. 1, 2. Hettner, I. 418-27, 
 466-70. Kettner, 1-20, 178-83. Lessing: Hamburgische Drama- 
 turgic, 13tes u. 14tes Stiick, H 7. 115-18. DNL 10. 65-68. C 11. 
 155-57. Lessing: Vorrede zu der Uebersetzung von Thomson's 
 Trauerspielen (1756). H 11. i. 855-60. DNL 7. 74-79. C 8. 142-47. 
 
 10. LITTER ATURBRIEFE ("Briefe die neueste Litteratur betref- 
 
 fend." 1759-1765). 
 L-M 8. 3-285. H 9. 33-351. DXL 7. 153-445. C 9. Selections to 
 be read (c. 65 pages): Einleitung. Briefe 1-6, 11, 12, 16, 17, 36, 
 41 (first half), 44, 48-50, 52 (H 1-4), 63, 64 (^ 1, 2), 65, 70, 81 
 (^ 1-6), 102, 111 (U 1, 2). 
 
 Genesis. Plan and scope. Collaborators. Topics and writers discussed. 
 
 Character and style of Lessing's criticism. 
 Briefe, H 20. i. Register, p. 857. E. Schmidt, Zweites Buch, III. 
 Kap. 2. Sime chap. 8, §§ 2, 3. Braun: Lessing. I. 88-144, passim. 
 
 11. LESSING'S FAUST-FRAGMENT (1759). 
 
 *(a) FAUST BEFORE LESSING. Faust in History, Legend 
 and Drama. 
 The historical Dr. Faust (c. 1480-1540). "Das altcste Faustbuch' (1587) ; ed 
 by W. Scherer, 18S4 ; by W. Braune: Neudrucke deut. Lit'werke, No's 7, S. 
 1878. Later versions: Widmann, Pfitzer, 'Ein Christlich Meynender' 
 (1725). English Faust-Book (before 1589) ; reprint in "Medieval Tales". 
 Mor'.ey's Univ. Library. Marlowe's "Dr. Fausius'' (1589); ed. by W. 
 Wagner, Longman's English Classics. The Faust Drama in Germany: 
 Marlowe's play, 'Volksschauspiel', and 'Puppenspiel'. Specimen 'Puppenspiele' 
 in Scheible: Das Kloster", Bd. 5, p. 747-805 and ff. 
 
 Kuno Fischer: Goethes Faust. I. Kap. 5-9. C. Thomas: Goethe's 
 Faust (Text and commentary). Part I. Introduction, p. xi-xxiii. 
 Bibliography: Historical Faust, legend, puppet plays, etc.. Appen- 
 dix I. 
 
 (b) LESSING'S FAUST. Text and 'Zeugnisse.'— With a brief 
 survey of earlier Faust literature.
 
 12 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 The published fragment, in 17th Litteraturbrief. Unpublished fragment, 
 the 'Berliner Szenarium'. References in Lessing's correspondence. Other 
 statements. Lessing's 'two Fausts'. Reports of Blankenberg and Engel 
 after Lessing's death. The manuscript lost? Or never continued'.' — Origm 
 and development of the Faust theme. Significance of Lessing's plan. 
 
 R. Petsch: Lessings Faustdichtung. Mit erlauternden Beigaben. 
 1911 (contains complete original material, with discussion). H 
 11. ii. 579-603. K. Fischer: Lessing, I. 143-74. E. Schmidt, 2d 
 ed. I. 364-81; 3d ed. I. 370-87. R. Petsch: Goethe-Jahrbuch. 
 1907, p. 105-33. Faust theme before Lessing: of. Kuno Fischer 
 and C. Thomas, under (a). 
 
 ♦12. LESSING'S FABLES. HIS THEORY OF THE FABLE. 
 
 "Fabeln. Drei Biicher. Nebst Abhandlungen mit dieser 
 
 Dichtungsart verwandten Inhalts." 1759. 
 FABELN: L-M 1. 193-234. H 1. 195-229. DNL 1-217-258. C L 
 197-232. 
 
 VORREDE. ABHANDLUNGEN: Selections to be read, I 
 (first half), II and V. L-M 7. 415-433, 446-55, 475-79. H 10. 19- 
 42, 56-64, 86-90. DNL 8. 3-22, 36-44, 67-71. C 1. 194-96, 233-47, 
 260-67, 287-90. 
 
 Genesis (cf. Vorrede). Models. Themes: general, literary, personal. 
 
 Typical examples: cf. especially Book I, No's 3, 5, 6, 8, 13, 14, 17-20, 
 
 22. Book II: No's 3-7, 9, 15, 16, 18, 21, 23, 28. Book III: No's 1, 
 
 2, 4, 7-11, 16-22, 25, 27, 29, 31. 
 
 Theory, with illustrations from Lessing's Fables: Definitions. Simple 
 
 and comple.x. Aim and scope of the Fable. Use of animals explained. 
 
 Fables in the school. 
 Briefe, H 20. i. Register, p. 856. Litteraturbrief 70: H 9. 241-51. 
 DNL 7. 345-54. C 9. 173-81. E. Schmidt, 2d ed. I. 391-405; 3d ed. 
 I. 397-411. Sime, chap. 8, § 4. 
 
 13. LESSING AND THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR (1756-63). "PHI- 
 LOTAS." Ein Trauerspiel (1759).— The epoch. The na- 
 tional hero. Beginnings of a German Nation. 
 
 In Leipzig (Oct. 1755-May, 1758). The interrupted journey with Winkler. 
 Associates in Leipzig. Friendship with Ewald von Kleist. His character and 
 career (cf. Briefe, L-M 17. No. 119-122; H 20. i. No. 84-86. "Sinngedichte", 
 2tes Buch, No. 47). — Gleim's War Songs. — In Berlin again (May, 1758-Nov. 
 1760). Literary work in this period. "Philotas". a tragedy of war. — In 
 service at Breslau (Nov. 1760-May, 1765). Life and associates. Illness. 
 Studies and writings (without detail). Resignation. Reasons. Last Berlin 
 residence (May, 1765-Apr. 1767). The librarianship. Lessing and Frederick. 
 
 "PHILOTAS": L-M 2. 253-276. H 2. 175-199. DNL 2. 255-278. 
 C 3. 185-208. 
 
 Briefe, H 20. i. Register, p. 852 (Friedrich d. Grosse), p. 857 
 ("Philotas"). Gleim: "Kriegslieder eines preussischen Grena- 
 diers" (especially No. 2, 5, 9). DNL, vol. 45, p. 241-287. Litera- 
 turdenkmale des 18. Jahrhunderts. No. 4. Cf. Lessing's letters 
 to Gleim: Briefe, L-M 17. No. 98, 102, 108. 110, 113, 114, 119, 121, 
 122. H 20. i. No. 71, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86. To Ramler: 
 L-M 17, No. 130. 159. H 20. i. No. 93, 122. To Nicolai: last 
 paragraph, L-M 18. No. 565. H 20. i. No. 437.
 
 FIRST SERIES: LESS IN G 13 
 
 Freytag. Bilder, 4. Band, 5. Kap. p. 245-62. Henderson, II. chap. 
 7. Goethe: Dichtung und Wahrheit. Hempel ed. of 'Werke,' 
 Ed. 21, p. 62-63. Hettner, III. 2. 147-61. Kettner, p. 72-80, Braun: 
 Lessing im Urtheile, I. E. Schmidt, 2d ed. I, 312-32, 347-53, 437- 
 50, 455-56, 545-51; 3d ed. I. 317-337, 353-59, 443-56, 461-62, 556-62. 
 Stahr, Fiinftes Buch, Kap. 1; Sechstes Buch, Kap. 2. Sime, chap. 
 9, 10. Braun: Lessing, I. 117-21. 
 
 14. "MINNA VON BARNHELM oder DAS SOLDATENGLUECK." 
 Ein Lustspiel. "Verfertiget im Jahre 1763." (PubUshed 
 1767). 
 
 L-M 2. 171-264. H 2. 1-89. DNL 2. 279-371. C 3. 209-295. Edited, 
 with introduction and notes, by J. Wiehr. Oxford Univ. Press 
 (American Branch). 
 
 (a) GENESIS. CRITICAL STUDY OF PLOT AND CHAR- 
 
 ACTERS. 
 
 The background. Breslau experiences. Literary influences. — Dramatic struc 
 ture. Critical analysis of characters. E.xcellences and defects. 
 
 (b) CONTEMPORARY SIGNIFICANCE, POLITICAL AND 
 
 LITERARY. 
 
 Time and place of the action. Events and conditions portrayed. Timeliness 
 and novelty. Soldier-types. The King. Political and ethical import. A 
 'war play'?. A drama of patriotism? 'Ein National-Stuck? — First per- 
 formance. Difficulties. Reception and influence. — As a literary novelty. 
 Why 'the first German comedy'? 
 
 (a) or (b): E. Schmidt, Zweites Buch. TV. Kapitel, 2. Stahr, 
 Funftes Buch, Kap. 2. Sime, chap. 11. Meyer-Benfey. 
 Ca): Kettner, Kap. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8. Fischer, I. 88-93, 103-40. 
 Eloesser, 85-98. (b) Kettner, Kap. 2, 3. 5. Fischer, I. 73-88. 
 Bulthaupt, I. 13-24. Braun: Lessing, I. 177-231, passim. Goethe: 
 Dichtung und Wahrheit. 'Werke' Hempel ed. Band 21, p. 63-64. 
 
 *15. "LAOKOON: oder uber die Grenzen der Mahlerei und Poesie." 
 1766. 
 
 L-M 9. 3-177. H 6. 15-172. DNL 9. i. C 10. Edited, with in- 
 troduction and exhaustive commentary, by H. Blumner. 2. Auf- 
 lage, 1880. Excellent shorter introd. and notes by same editor 
 in DNL 9. i. Edited with (English) introd. and notes by W. G. 
 Howard (Holt). Howard omits chaps. 26-29 and some unim- 
 portant passages elsewhere, but includes Goethe's essay "Ueber 
 Laokoon" (the statue) and a great part of Herder's critique 
 (see below). Edited, with brief (Eng.) introd. and notes by 
 Hamann and Upcott (Clarendon Press). 
 
 For the reading of complete text, required of all who elect a topic under 
 this subject, the edition of Hamann and Upcott will suffice. The portion 
 covered by a given topic should be prepared with the aid of Howard's 
 introduction and commentary, which may be supplemented, on important 
 points, by Bliimner (large ed.). For a general introduction Bliimner'i 
 smaller ed. is recommended. — -The chapters under the respective topics should 
 be carefully analyzed as to content, argument, views refuted, literaiy 
 illustrations, conclusions.
 
 14 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 E. Schmidt, Zweites Buch, V. Kapitel. Sime, chap. 12. A. Frey: 
 Die Kunstform des L. Laokoon. A. Schmarsow: Erlaut. u. Kom. 
 *(a) GENESIS. SCOPE AND PURPOSE. THE MARBLE 
 GROUP. 
 
 Preparatory studies. Influence of predecessors, especially of Moses Mendels- 
 sohn. Publication as "Erster Theil". — Origin, history and date of the 
 Laokoon statue. Sculptor and poet (Vergil) compared. Winckelmann's 
 explanation of difterences. Lessing's. 
 
 Text and commentary: 'Vorrede' and chapters 1-6, 26-27. Winck- 
 elmann: "Gedanken itber die Nachahmung der griechischen Werke 
 u. s. w." (Deutsche Litteraturdenkmale des 18. und 19. Jahrhun- 
 derts, No. 20). Cf. Hettner, III. 2. 367-378. Frey, 1-78, 92-100. 
 *(b) RELATIONS OF ART AND POETRY.— Theories of 
 
 Spence and Caylus. 
 Text and commentary: chaps. 7-16. 
 *(c) LIMITATIONS AND LIBERTIES OF THE POET.— The 
 
 Ugly in Art and Poetry. 
 Text and commentary: chaps. 17-22 and 23-25. 
 
 *(d) RECEPTION AND INFLUENCE. HERDER'S "ERSTES 
 WAELDCHEN." 
 
 Contemporary criticism : Winckelmann, Goethe, Klotz, Herder. Influence 
 on later writers, especially Goethe and Schiller. 
 
 Goethe. Dichtung und Wahrheit, 8. Buch, Hempel ed. of 'Werke,' 
 Band 21, p. 95-96. Bliimner (large ed.), p. 119-140. Herder: 
 "Kritische Walder. Erstes Waldchen. Herrn Lessings Laokoon 
 gewidmet." (1769). Herders Werke, DNL edition, Band 3. ii. 
 p. 1-171. Selections in Howard's ed. of "Laokoon," p. 155-280. 
 Read chaps. 1-3, 6, 9, 11, 13, 17, treating the following topics: Lessing 
 and Winckelmann compared. Their respective interpretation of the 
 "Philoctetes" of Sophocles and Herder's conception. — The emotional in 
 Greek literature. The beautiful in Greek art. The "mythical circle". — The 
 transitory in art. — Representation of the gods. Mythology poetic. — Homer's 
 cloud. Invisibility of the gods. — The successive in poetry. 
 Herder, DNL 3. ii. p. 5-27, 46-57, 67-74, 79-85, 94-104, 129-137; or 
 Howard, p. 161-175, 185-192, 193-209, 220-229, 247-257. Cf. How- 
 ard's and Bliimner's (in notes of large ed. of "Laokoon") com- 
 mentary and Lambel's introd. to Herder, DNL 3. ii. p. xiv-xxi. 
 
 *16. LESSING'S CONTROVERSY WITH KLOTZ. THE 
 SEQUEL. "Antiquarische Briefe" and "Wie die Alten den 
 Tod gebildet." 
 
 Klotz as scholar and critic. His character and personality. His coterie. 
 His treatment of Lessing. Their correspondence. Klotz's attack. Lessing's 
 rejoinder. Results. 
 
 Briefe: Klotz to Lessing, May 9, Oct. 11, 1766 (L-M 19, H 20. ii). 
 L. to K, June 9, 1766 (L-M 17, H 20. i). E. Schmidt, Zweites 
 Buch, VI. Kapitel, 2. Sime, chap. 16. Briefe, cf. Register, H 20. 
 i. p. 855, 857. 
 ANTIQUARISCHE BRIEFE ("Briefe antiquarischen Inhalts." 
 2 Bde. 1768-69).
 
 FIRST SERIES: LESSING lo 
 
 Treat nature and method of discussion and the personal element introduced, 
 not the technical content. 
 
 Read 'Vorbericht' and Briefe 1-5 and 51-57. L-M 10. 231-245, 
 410-438. H 13. ii. 3-17, 193-224. DNL 9. ii. 33-47, 226-257. C 13. 
 17-27, 153-174. 
 
 WIE DIE ALTEN DEN TOD GEBILDET (1769). 
 
 Occasion of the essay. Lessing's two theses. The arguments and some of 
 the evidence. Import. Contemporary influence. Schiller's "Die Goiter 
 Grie.chenlands''. Werke. Bellermann's ed. 1. 68-72. 
 
 Read 'Vorrede', 'Veranlassung,' portions of 'Untersuchung' and 
 'Priifung': L-Al 11. 3-17, 34-44, 48-49, 55. H 13. ii, 249-265 .(top), 
 284-295, 298-99, 306. DNL 9. ii. 303-321, 344-356, 360-61, 368. C 
 13. 190-202, 217-24, 227-28. 232-33. 
 
 17. "HAMBURGISCHE DRAMATURGIE" (1767-69). 
 
 L-M 9. 181-406; 10. 3-221. H 7. DNL 10. C 11. 97-316; 12. 1-213. 
 Selections edited, with introduction and notes, by C. Harris 
 (Holt). Excellent index of names and topics by G. Zimmermann 
 in H 7. 489-575. Calendar of plays performed in DNL 10. 468-479. 
 Commentaries: H. Gaudig: Wegweiser durch die klassischen 
 Schuldramen. Band -4 (Leipzig and Berlin, 2te Aufl. 1905). W. 
 Cosack. Materialien zu Lessings Hamburgischer Dramaturgic 
 (contains full synopsis of each play discussed). 
 General: E. Schmidt, Zweites Buch, V. Kapitel, 1 & 3. Bieder- 
 mann, IL 2ter Theil, 2te Abtheilung, p. 332-341. Sime, chap. 14. 
 15. Braun: Lessing im Urtheile usw. L 290-304, 330-34. 
 
 For all topics the reading of Lessing's 'Ankiindigung' and the concluding 
 number (101. 102-103. 104. Stiick) and of Harris's introduction is required, 
 in addition to the specific portions assigned. These assignments are made 
 according to 'Stiick' and paragraph, with page and line references to DNL 10. 
 They correspond, with a few additions, to Harris's selections. — The te.xt 
 assigned should be prepared with the aid of the above commentaries and 
 the relevant parts of E. Schmidt's discussion. The essay should present 
 a topical analysis of content, not necessarily in the order followed by the 
 text, with discussion of the points outlined below. Enough should be 
 told of the principal plays mentioned (such as "Semiramis," "Zaire,'' 
 "Mcrope," "Rodogune,"' "Essex") to make the discussion of principles 
 intelligible. 
 
 (a) THE HAMBURG THEATER AND THE DRAMATURGIE 
 (Stiick 1-12, 101-104). — Lessing in Hamburg (April, 1767- 
 April, 1770). The 'National-Theater' and Lessing's connec- 
 tion with it. First Numbers of the "Dramaturgic." 
 
 Organization and conduct of the theater. Its failure; reasons. Lessing's 
 review of the undertaking. His self-estimate (No's 101-104). Purpose, 
 scope, form and critical method of the "Dramaturgic". The opening per- 
 formance. Cronegk's "Olint und Sophronia''. The 'Christian drama". 
 Other plays. — The actor's art. "Semiramis.'' The Ghost in Voltaire's tragedy 
 and in "Hamlet." 
 
 Read 'Ankundigung' and Stuck 1-5; 7, H 1-3; 8-9; 10, l^st H; 11-12; 
 101-104. (total c. 55 pages, Cotta). L-M 9. 181-235, passim; 10. 
 208-221. H 7. 61-112, passim; 469-482. DNL 10. p. 3-30*, 34-35", 
 38-46, 49™-60", 447"-461. C 11. 99-151, passim; 12. 200-213.
 
 16 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Briefe, L-M 17. No.'s 176, 178-193, 196, 197, 199, 206, 207, 216, 
 passim. H 20. i. No.'s 132, 134, 142, 144, 145, 147, 153, 154, 160, 
 passim. Stahr, Siebentes Buch, Kapitel 1-3. Gaudig, p. 470-505. 
 *(b) RECENT GERMAN PLAYS AND TYPICAL FRENCH 
 CLASSICS. (Stuck 13-36.) The 'Middle-Class' Drama. Plot and 
 Characterization in Historical Drama. 
 
 French and German comedies. Marmontel's "Soliman der Zweite.'' 'Das 
 biirgerliche Trauerspiel' "Miss Sara Sampson.'' Play-titles. Treatment 
 of historical characters. Probability and consistency essential. Prerogatives 
 of genius. Voltaire's "Zaire." Thomas Corneille's "Essex." (Pierre) 
 Corneille's "Rodogune." 
 
 Read Stiick 13, H 5 to end; 14-16; 17, II 6 to end; 18-26, \ 8; 28, 
 H 5 to end; 29-34; 35, f 6-36, If 2 (total c. 80 pages, Cotta). L-M 
 9. 235-337, passim. H 7. 113-206 passim. DNL 10. p. 62^'-80'*, 
 82'*-123'*, 132-161', 163"-167". C 11. 153-247 passim. 
 Gaudig. p. 505-515 (Zaire), 516-548 passim (historical drama), 
 548-559 (Rodogune). Eloesser, Kapitel 1, 2. Stahr, Siebentes 
 Buch, Kap. 4, 5, 7. 
 
 *(c) DRAMATIC TECHNIC AND CONVENTIONS. (Stiick 36- 
 71). — Principles of the Greek Drama and their Perversion 
 by Voltaire. 
 
 Voltaire's "Merope." His use and his criticism of Mafifei's drama. 
 Aristotle on teclinic. The Unities. 'Propriety' in the drama. Banks' 
 "Essex:." Dramatic dialog. Naturalness. Mixture of comic and tragic. 
 Shakespeare. The Spanish drama. Office of art. L's critical method. 
 
 Read Stiick 36, Ij 4 to end; 37-41, If 3; 42; 44-50; 51, last two 
 M; 52-54, If 3; 55, If 2 to end; 56; 59; 68, ^ 5 to end; 69-71, If 1 
 (total c. 84 pages, Cotta). L-M 9. 337-406 passim; 10. 3-85 passim. 
 H7. 206-352 passim. DNL 10. p. 167"-190", 194-198", 203-232", 
 236"'-240, 243-248, 253'^-26l", 270-274'", 31l"-322"'. C 11. 247- 
 316 passim; 12. 9-84 passim. 
 
 Aristotle: Poetics, transl. by Butcher (Macmillan), or as pub'- 
 lished in Cassell's National Library. G. Freytag: Technique of 
 the Drama, tr. MacEwan. Elizabeth Woodbridge: The Drama. 
 Its Law and its Technique. Gaudig, p. 559-578 (Merope). Stahr, 
 Siebentes Buch, Kap. 7. 
 
 *(d) ARISTOTLE'S THEORY OF THE TRAGEDY AND LES- 
 
 SING'S INTERPRETATION. (Stuck 71-99) The Nature 
 
 and Purpose of Tragedy. Pity and Fear. Characters in 
 
 tragedy and in comedy. — Contemporary German drama. 
 
 Weisse's "Richard III." Aristotle's definition of tragedy. Corneille's 
 
 erroneous interpretation. Lessing's critical analysis. Stage of the ancients 
 
 and the moderns. Diderot on the French stage; on characterization. His 
 
 "Natiirlicher Sohn." Aristotle on tragic characters. Poetic truth vs. 
 
 historical truth. Kurd's theory. Youth of German dramatists. Necessity of 
 
 maturity. Claims of genius (Sturm und Drang). The national element. 
 
 Read Stiick 73, If 3 to end; 74-83, If 3; 84, If 1-4; 85, last two 
 Iflf; 86; 87 & 88, If 1-5 and last 4 Iflf; 89-92, ^ 6; 93, last If; 95, If 4 to 
 end; 96-97, If 6; 99, If 1 (total c. 70 pages, Cotta).
 
 FIRST SERIES: LESSING 17 
 
 L-M 10. 85-201 passim. H 7. 361-462 passim. DNL 10. p. 331"- 
 376, 378'"-379", 385''-392'*, 397'-412", 417'-'", 424'-432", 439"-44l'. 
 C 12. 93-193passim.— Robertson, Mod. Lang. Review, 12. lS7f, 319f. 
 Aristotle's "Poetics," cf. Topic 17 (c). Woodbridge, ditto. Petsch: 
 h. iiber d, Trauerspiel. Einl. Witkowski, Euphorion, 2. 517-529. 
 *(e) GREAT WRITERS AND THEIR WORKS IN THE 
 
 "HAMBURGISCHE DRAMATURGIE" — Voltaire, Cor- 
 
 neille, Shakespeare. 
 
 Voltaire as Dramatist and Critic. His "Seniiramis" "Zaire" and M6rope''. 
 His criticism of other dramatists. Lessing's estimate. 
 
 Cf. (passim) Stiick 2, 10, 11, 12, 15, 21, 23, 24, 29, 32, 36, 40-45, 49, 
 50, 55, 70, 71, 80, 84. Cf. H 7. 559-573. 
 
 Corneille as Dramatist and Critic. His "Polyeucte" and "Rodogune''. 
 His interpretation of Aristotle. 
 
 Cf. (passim) Stiick 2. 29-32, 44, 75-78, 81-83. Cf. H 7. 505-511. 
 
 Comments on Shakespeare. ^J* 
 Cf. (passim) Stiick 5, 7, 11, 12, 15, 69, 73, 74, 80, 81, 93. 
 E. Schmidt, 2d ed. Bd. I. 596-609; 3d ed. I. 609-623. Meisnest: 
 L. and Shakespeare. M. L. A. Pub. XIX. 234-249. Gundolf, 105-59. 
 Koberstein: Aufsatze, 163-221. Witkowski, Euphorion, 2. 517-529. 
 Suphan, Shakespeare-Jahrbuch, 25. Bohtlingk: L. u. S. 167-219. 
 
 18. "EMILIA GALOTTI." Ein burgerliches Trauerspiel (1772). 
 
 L-M 2. 377-450. H 3. 1-71. DNL 2. 381-447. C 4. 25-94. Edited, 
 with introduction and notes, by M. Winkler (Heath) and by 
 M. Poll (Ginn). 
 
 General: E. Schmidt, Drittes Buch, I. Kap. Stahr, Zehntes Buch, 
 Kap. 2. Sime, chap. 19. 
 
 (a) GENESIS AND SOURCES. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL 
 
 IMPORT.— Production, Reception. 
 Lessing's initial impulse. Treatment of the theme. Earlier form of the play. 
 Evidences of change. — Livy's story: History of Rome, Book III. 1140f. 
 Virginia tragedies, especially Crisp's (English) and Montiano's (Spanish). 
 Their influence on Lessing's play. 
 
 Briefe, H 20. i. Register, p. 857. Kettner, pp. 175-179, 183-194, 
 293-302. Fischer, I. p. 180-193. Danzel und Guhrauer, II. 304-328. 
 Samuel Crisp: "Virginia" (London, 1754). Auszug aus dem 
 Trauerspiel Virginia (Montiano's) in "Theatralische Bibliothek" 
 (1754): L-M 6. 70-120. H 11. i. 251-300. DNL 5. 77-127. C 7. 72-122. 
 R. M. Werner, Zeitschr. fiir deut. Altertum, Bd. 25. 241-44 (resp. 
 3-Act form). Idem: L's Emilia Galotti. G. Roethe, Vierteljs. fiir 
 Literaturgeschichte, Bd. 2, p. 516-29 (resp. Lessing's "Virginia" 
 fragment). Braun: Lessing, I. 351-413, passim; 11. 45-61, 273-82. 
 
 (b) PLOT AND CHARACTERS. 'SCHULDFRAGE' AND 
 CATASTROPHE.— Influence of Richardson and the Middle- 
 Class Tragedy. 
 
 Relation of the characters to those of Livy's story. Essential differences 
 and the reasons. The question of Emilia's 'tragic guilt' and the tragic 
 necessity of her fate. Relation of moral and tragic guilt. — The influence
 
 18 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 of Richardson's "Clarissa Harlowe". Motivation of the original catastrophe 
 (Livy) with changed premises through the father's characterization. How 
 far successful? — Origin and function of Orsina's role. Development of the 
 'Machtweib'. Influence of the English Middle-Class tragedy. Com- 
 parison of "E. G." with "Miss Sara Sampson" as a 'burgerliches Trauerspiel'. 
 
 Kettner, pp. 178-83, 194-292. Fischer, I. 194-261. Eloesser, Kap. 
 6. Bulthaupt, I. 34-53. Riemer: Mittheilungen iiber Goethe, II. 663. 
 Herder: Briefe zur Beford. d. Human. No. Z7. DNL ed. 5. i. 
 160-65. — For Richardson and Middle-Class tragedy cf. Topic 9 (b). 
 
 19. LESSING'S LAST TEN YEARS (1770-1781).— Librarian at 
 Wolfenbiittel. Eva Konig. Controversial and Other 
 Writings. 
 
 After the failure at Hamburg. Lessing's plans. The call to Wolfenbiittel. 
 Ebert's negotiations. Delays. Departure from Hamburg (April, 1770). 
 Lessing as Librarian and publicist. The Braunschweig Court. Lessing's 
 official relations. Treatment by the ducal house. His life at Wolfenbiittel, 
 Friends and associates. — The Konig fainny at Hamburg. Lessing's courtship. 
 Correspondence with Eva Konig. Lessing's journey to Vienna and Italy 
 (Feb. 1775 - Feb. 1776). Negotiations with the Duke. Results. Marriage 
 (Oct. 8, 1776). Family life. Eva's death (Jan. 9, 1778).— In the heat of con- 
 troversy (without details). The sequel. The end (Feb. 15, 1781). Burial. 
 Memorials. 
 
 Briefe, as follows: (1) To his brother, Karl Gotthelf. L-M 18. 
 
 No. 345, 408, 438, 450, 475, 499, 528, 586, 589, 615, 637, 674. Or H 
 20. i. No. 267, 323, 349, 358, 374, 395, 411, 454, 457, 480, 496, 527. 
 (2) To Ebert: L-M 17. No. 243, 247, 249, 254, 255, 259. H 20. i. 
 No. 180, 183, 185, 190, 191, 194. (3) To Herzog Karl: L-M 18. 
 No. 348, 599, 609. H 20. i. 270, 466, 474. (4) To Eva Konig: 
 L-M 17, 18. No. 314, 324, 351, 355, 365, 371, 385, 386, 388, 391, 399, 
 433, 440, 441, 445, 449, 456, 461, 471, 494, 504. H 20. i. No. 242, 
 251, 271, 275, 285, 291, 303, 304, 306, 309, 314, 345, 351, 352, 353, 357, 
 360, 363, 371, 391, 398. (5) From Eva Konig: L-M 20, 21. No. 
 423, 490, 601, 610, 620, 655. H 20. ii. 281, 330, 413, 421, 428, 456. (6) 
 To Schwan: L-M 18. No. 519, 523. H 20. i. No. 405, 408. (7) 
 To von Hompesch: L-M 18. No. 557, 561. H 20. i. No. 431, 
 433. From same: L-M 21. No. 705. H 20. ii. No. 480. (8) 
 To Herder: L-M 18. No. 629. H 20. i. No. 491. From Herder: 
 L-M 19. No. 253, H 20. ii. No. 136. (9) To Eschenburg: L-M 
 18. No. 415, 584, 585, 587, 538, 591. H 20. i. No. 330, 452, 453, 
 455, 456, 458. (10) To Elise Reimarus, L-M 18. No. 610, 621. 
 679, 694, 698. H 20. i. No. 475, 483, 530. 543, 548.— Selections 
 (4) and (5) can be read more conveniently (and may be supple- 
 mented with advantage by additional letters) in "Briefwechsel 
 , zwischen Lessing und Eva Konig," 2 Bande (Gotta). In this 
 edition the letters of both are arranged in chronological order, 
 The numbers corresponding to those of L-M or H are 46, 55, 
 56, 90, 92, 99, 100, 103, 111, 112, 115, 118, 120, 131, 132, 136, 138, 
 139, 142, 148, 149, 150, 154, 165, 176, 180, 187. 
 
 E. Schmidt, Drittes Buch, II. und VII, Kapitel. E. Dorffel: 
 "Briefwechsel zw, L. und E. K." (see above), Einleitung, p. 5-24.
 
 FIRST SERIES: LESSING 19 
 
 Sime, chap. 17, 1<S, 20, 21, ^2, 30. Stahr, 8tes Buch, Kap. 4; 9tes 
 Buch; lOtes Buch, Kap. 1; 13tes Buch, Kap. 1; 14tes Buch, Kap. 
 6. Danzel und Guhrauer, II. 624-34 (Memorials). 
 
 *20. THE REIMARUS FRAGMENTS AND THE BEGINNING OF 
 THE CONTROVERSY (1777).— Lessing's "Gegensatze." 
 "Ueber den Beweis des Geistes und der Kraft." "Das Testa- 
 ment Johannis." "Eine Duplik." 
 E. Schmidt (2d or 3d ed.), Band II. 186-214, 223-246. Kettner, 
 p. 305-320. Schrempf: Lessing als Philosoph, p. 126-170. Sime, 
 chap. 24. 
 
 H. S. Reiitiarus and his writings. Elise Reimarus. Lessing in possession 
 q/ the manuscript. Circumstances and purpose of publication. Conse- 
 quences. Content and import of the "Fragments". Lessing's attitude. 
 The protests of Schumann and Ress and Lessing's replies. 
 
 The Fragments ("Schutzschrift fur die vernunftigen Verehrer 
 Gottes"). David Friedr. Strauss: Reimarus u. seine Schutzschrift. 
 Gesammelte Schr. (12 Bde. Bonn, 1877) 5. 229-409. 
 i. Von Duldungder Deisten (1774). L-M 12. 254-271. H 15. 83-103. 
 ii. Fragmente eines Ungenannten, 1.-5. (1777). L-M 12. 303-428. 
 H 15. 105-260. 
 
 iii. Von dem Zwecke Jesu und seiner J linger. Noch ein Frag- 
 ment des Wolfenbiittel'schen Ungenannten (1778). L-M 13. 217- 
 327. H 15. 285-415. 
 
 The most important are the Second and the Fifth Fragments (of the five 
 published together in 1777), dealing witii Divine Revelation and wivh 
 Accounts of the Resurrection, respectively. A few pages of these may be 
 read, to obtain an idea of Reimarus's position and his method of treatment. 
 EJ.^tensive reading in the F'ragments is not required for an undergraduate 
 report. The synopsis and comments in Erich Schmidt will suffice. The 
 writings of Lessing assigned below are to be read and critically analyzed. 
 
 "GEGENSAETZE ZUM 1.— 5. FRAGMENT" (1777). 
 L-M 12. 428-450. H 15. 261-283. DNL 11. ii. 295-317. C 17. 262- 
 279. 
 
 Lessing vs. Schumann: "UEBER DEN BEWEIS DES GEISTES 
 UND DER KRAFT" (1777). "DAS TESTAMENT JO- 
 HANNIS" (1777). 
 L-M 13. 1-17; 16. 401-404. H 16. 9-22. DNL 12. 1-15. C 18. 25-39. 
 Lessing vs. Ress: "EINE DUPLIK" (1778). L-M 13. 21-90. H 
 16. 23-91. DNL 12. 17-89. C 18. 40-95. Read Introduction and Sec- 
 tion I (first 3 or 4 pages) and 'Zehnter Widerspruch' to end (last 
 5 or 6 pages). 
 
 *21. THE LESSING-GOEZE CONTROVERSY. THE SEQUEL 
 
 (1778). — "Eine Parabel," "Axiomata." "Anti-Goeze." 
 
 "Nothige Antwort." "Die Religion Christi." "Berichti- 
 
 gung des Marchens von 1000 Dukaten." 
 
 E. Schmidt (2d or 3d ed.), Band II. 248-308. Sime, chap. 25. 
 
 Stahr, 12tes Buch, Kap. 5. Goezes Streitschriften gegen Lessing 
 
 ("Etwas Vorliiufiges gegen Herrn Hofrath Lessings . . . feind- 
 
 selige Angriffe usw" and "Lessings Schwachen"), ed. by Erich
 
 20 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Schmidt. Deut. Literaturdenkmale des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, 
 No. 43-45. Dilthey, p. 85-120, 
 
 Pastor J. M. Goeze and Lessing's previous relations with him. His 
 neglected request. Goeze's protest against the Fragments. His attacks on 
 Lessing. Lessing's replies. The "Anti-Goeze" pamphlets. Goeze's appeal 
 to the authorities. Consequences. Public interest in the controversy. 
 Lessing's position. Charges against him. 
 
 "EINE PARABEL. Nebst einer kleinen Bitte usw." 
 "AXIOMATA -wenn es deren in dergleichen Dingen giebt." 
 
 L-M 13. 93-137. H 16. 93-136. DNL 12. 102-144. C 18. 96-129. 
 "ANTI-GOEZE. D. i. Nothgedrungener Beitrage zu den Frei- 
 •willigen Beitragen des Hrn. Past. Goeze Erster bis Elfter. 
 
 L-M 13, 141-213. H 16. 137-211. DNL 12. 145-220. C 18. 130- 
 
 181. Read Erster, Zweiter, Siebenter, Neunter, Elfter. 
 
 "NOETHIGE ANTWORT auf eine sehr unnothige Frage des 
 Herrn Hauptpastor Goeze." 
 
 L-M 13. 329-336. H 16. 213-218. DNL 12. 221-226. C 18. 182-186. 
 "DIE RELIGION CHRISTI" (unpublished fragment). 
 
 L-M 16. 518-519. H 17. 248. DNL 13. 475-476. C 18. 284. 
 "Noch nahere Berichtigung des Marchens von 1000 Dukaten oder 
 Judas Ischariot dem Zweiten" (1779). 
 
 L-M 13. 379-386. H 16. 227-232. DNL 12. 284-289. C 18. 15-20. 
 
 22. "NATHAN DER WEISE. Ein dramatisches Gedicht." 1779. 
 
 L-M 3. 1-177. H 3. 73-199. DNL 3. i. 1-189. C 4. 133-295. Edited, 
 with introduction, notes and appendix, by T. J. C. Diekhoff 
 (Amer. Book Co.). 
 
 General: E. Schmidt, Drittes Buch, IV. Kap. Stahr, Dreizehntes 
 Buch, Kap. 2-4. Sime, chap. 26. 
 
 (a) GENESIS. STRUCTURE AND FORM. HISTORICAL 
 
 BACKGROUND.— Reception. Stage Production. 
 
 Inception of the work. Related to "Rettung des Cardanus" (1754) ? After 
 the return from Italy (1776). The present occasion. The 'Entwurf 
 (Scenario). Changes in the completed work. 'Ankiindigung' and unpublished 
 'Vorrede'. — The dramatic setting for the central idea. Motivation of the 
 action. Connection of the parable with what precedes and follows. — 
 Language and verse of the poem. — Time and place of action. Why chosen? 
 Historical elements. — Contemporary criticism. Stage production. Schiller's 
 adaptation (Weimar, 1801). 
 
 Briefe, H 20. i. Register, p. 858. 'Ankiindigung' and 'Vorrede': 
 
 L-M 16. 444-445. H 11. ii. 781-786. DNL 3. i. p. xxiv-xxvi. 
 
 C 4. 21-24. 'Entwurf. L-M 3. 473-494. H 11. ii. 787-826. DNL 
 
 3. ii. 289-31-0. C 4. 95-132. 
 
 Kettner, p. 320-336, 409-417, Bulthaupt, I. 83-86. Braun: Lessing 
 
 im Urtheile usw. IL 210-14, 246-53, 282-341. 
 
 Schiller's 'Buhnenbearbeitung': Werke, DNL ed. 7. 325-478 
 
 (changes are indicated by sizes of type; see note preceding text). 
 
 Cf. A. Koster: Schiller als Dramaturg, 127-144. Thomas: Life 
 
 of Schiller, 439-440. 
 
 (b) ORIGIN AND VERSIONS OF THE RING PARABLE.— 
 
 Other Literary Sources and Influences. Voltaire. Swift.
 
 FIRST SERIES: LESSING 21 
 
 Origin and earlier forms of the parable. The Spanish and the French 
 versions, and their offshoots. Essential diflferences of principal versions: 
 Boccaccio, Cesta Romanorum, Li dis dou vrai aniel. Comparison with 
 Lessing's parable.— Influence of Voltaire's writings. His essays on the 
 Crusades. His dramas: "Mahomet" (C1742), "Les Guebres" (1769) and 
 (especially) "Zaire"' (1732). "Traite sur la Tolerance- <17C5). chaps 
 1-6, 10-15. 
 
 Boccaccio: "Decameron" (1353), First Day, Third Novel. "Gesta 
 Romanorum" (13th-l4th cent.), chap. 9. "Li dis dou vrai aniel" 
 (c, 1185), ed. by Tobler, transl. by Grober, in "Festschrift fiir A. 
 Tobler," 1905. Cf. Gaston Paris: La Poesie du moyen age, 2. 
 serie, p. 131f. G. E. Lessings Uebersetzungen aus dem Franzo- 
 sischen Friedrichs des Grossen und Voltaires, p. 193-198 (ed. by 
 Erich Schmidt). Of Voltaire's dramas only "Zaire" need be 
 read; for the influence of the others see Kettner and Erich 
 Schmidt.— Jonathan (Dean) Swift: "The Tale of a Tub" (1704). 
 Cf. Hettner, I. 303-307. Caro: Lessing und Swift (cf. Kuno 
 Fischer: Klcine Schriften, Bd. 4. p. 291ff). — Kettner, p. 347- 
 379. Fischer: Lessings Nathan der Weise, p. 38-74. W. H, 
 Carruth, in M. L. A. Pub, XVI. 107-116. 
 
 (c) THE CHARACTERS OF LESSING'S POEM.— Its Ethical 
 and Religious Import. 
 
 Analysis and estimate of the characters, based upon their acts and utterances 
 and their inter-relation. Relation of some to historical or contemporary pro- 
 totypes. Typical representatives of their respective race or religion? Why 
 so chosen and delineated? — Ethical and religious teaching, as deduced from 
 the parable and the characters. Function and value of the ring in the 
 earlier parables and in Lessing's, compared. Significance of Lessing's 
 additions to Boccaccio's story. 
 
 Kettner, p. 359-409, 418-461. Fischer: Lessings Nathan, p. 77-194. 
 Griiner M. L. A. Pub. VII. p. 75flF. Carruth, see Topic 22 (b). 
 K. Biedermann, Bd. 4, p. 1113-27; ed. Walz, 36-49. 
 
 83. "ERNST UND FALK. Gesprache fur Freimaurer." (1778, 
 1780). — Lessing's Social and Political Philosophy. 
 L-M 13. 341-388, 389-411. H 18. 145-184, 344-351. DNL 238-283. 
 C 19. 138-171. 
 
 Genesis. Lessing and Freemasonry. His membership. 'Erster Entwurf. 
 Publication of first three dialogues; of last two. Form and content. 
 Lessing's theory of the origin of Freemasonry. His conception of its 
 function. Social and political theories. Relation of state and people. 
 Lessing's cosmopolitan ideal. Its relation to his ethical and religious 
 ideals. Patriotism vs. humanity. Spirit of the times, as reflected by 
 Lessing and Herder. 
 
 Briefe, H 20. i. Register, p. 858. "Gesprach uber die Soldaten und 
 Monche." L-M 16. 520. H 18. 366-67. DNL 13. 288. C 19. 219. 
 "Das Geheimniss": L-M 1. 181-82. H 1. 233-34. DNL 1. 94-96. 
 C 1. 170-71. 
 
 E. Schmidt, 2d ed. II. 429-444; 3d ed. II. 421-445. Danzel und 
 Guhrauer, II. 488-499. Hebler: Lessing-Studien, p. 165-189. H. 
 Boos: Geschichte der Frciinaurerei, p. 310-338. Stahr, Vier- 
 zehntes Buch, Kap. 3-5. Sime, chap. 28.
 
 22 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 *24. THE EVOLUTION OF LESSING'S RELIGIOUS IDEALS. 
 
 "DIE ERZIEHUNG DES MENSCHENGESCHLECHTS. 
 
 Herausgegeben von G. E. Lessing." 1780. 
 
 L-M 13. 415-436. H 18. 197-218 DNL 12. 345-370. C 19. 171-189. 
 
 Earljr ^oiJeivjus education and environment. Independence (cf. letter to 
 
 father, May 30, 1749). Self-examination (cf. "Die Religion'', see Topic 7 
 
 (b). Early studies in theology and philosophy (see below). Studies at 
 
 Breslau. Attitude toward reconcilation of philosophy and religion (cf. letter 
 
 to brother Karl, Feb. 2, 1774). Relation to the Enlightenment. Attitude 
 
 toward Christianity (cf. "Nothige Antwort", see Topic 21) ; toward orthodoxy 
 
 (cf. "Parabel", see Topic 21). Distinction between religion and theology 
 
 (cf. "Die Religion Christi", see Topic 21); between faith and reason (cf. 
 
 "Gegensatze'' IT 1 and 2, see Topic 20 ; and "Axiomata", No. X, last six fT*|, 
 
 see Topic 21). The essence of true religion (cf. "Das Testament Johannis", 
 
 Topic 20, and "Nathan der Weise", III. 7 and IV. 7).— 
 
 Genesis and form of "Die Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts''. Question 
 of authorship ('Thaer-Legende'). Leading ideas: Educational stages 'text- 
 books and teachers', progressive revelation; doctrine of immortality; 
 hypothesis of palingenesis; metempsychosis; the ultimate goal. Religious 
 and philosophical import of 'Lessing's Gospel'. 
 
 In addition to "Die Erziehung" and the writings referred to 
 above under other topics, read the following from Lessing's 
 early studies (total reading in Lessing, c. 65 pages, Cotta) : 
 
 "DIE RETTUNG DES CARDANUS" (1754). 
 L-AI 5. 310-333. H 14. 25-46. DNL 6. 337-363. C 17. 63-81. 
 (Read first half.) 
 
 UNPUBLISHED FRAGMENTS: 
 
 "Gedanken iiber die Herrnhuter" (1750). Cf. Lessing's reviews 
 dated March 23, March 30, August 28, 1751. H 17, 17, 21. 27. 
 
 "Das Christentum der Vernunft" (1753). 
 "Ueber die Entstehung der geoffenbarten Religion." 
 L-M 14. 154-163, 175-178, 312-313. H 14. 203-220. DNL 13. 291- 
 307. C 17. 15-26, 112-113. 
 
 Briefe, H 20. i. Register, p. 858. Hebler, p. 1-115. Kettner, 
 379-82, 395-409. 'E. Schmidt, 2d ed. I. 206-210, 231-32; II. 462- 
 500. 3d ed. I. 207-211, 233-34; II. 463-502. Schrempf: Lessing 
 als Philosoph, p. 19-24, 30-60, 67-71, 120-125, 178-187. Dilthey, 
 p 85-110, 116-120. E. Kretschmar: Lessing und die Aufkliirung 
 (including text of "Die Erziehung"). Fischer: Lessings Nathan, 
 p. 22-36. Stahr, 14tes Buch, Kap. 1, 2. Sime, chap. 27. Author- 
 ship: Gross, H 18. 187-195. E. Krieck: Lessing und die Erzie- 
 hung des M. Zugleich eiue Auseinandersetzung der Thaerlcgende 
 (1913), p. 5-18, 37-40. 
 
 25 LESSING'S SERVICES TO GERMAN LETTERS.— His Work 
 as Pioneer and Reformer. Man and Author. 
 
 German literature before Lessing. Imitation of foreign models. Reasons 
 for dependence. Gottsched and the Swiss School. Lessing's qualifications, 
 personal and educational, as 'Cahnbrecher' and 'Reformalor'. His wo-k as 
 dramatic critic (read Vorrede of "Beitrage zur Historic und Aufnahme des 
 Theaters", cf. Topic 5. "Litteraturbriefe", Erster, Siebzehnter, cf. Topic 
 10. "Hamburgische Dramaturgic", Ankiindigung and Stiick 101-104, cf. 
 Topic 17 (a). His model comedy ("Minna") and tragedy ("Emilia').
 
 FIRST SERIES: LESSING 23 
 
 The thesis of "I.aokoon"'. Significance of his "Rettungen". His ethical 
 and social idealism ("Nathan" and "Ernst und Falk''). Polemic writings 
 and their victims (Lange, Klotz, Goeze).— The totality of Lessing's achieve- 
 ment. His work destructive and constructive. German literature at his 
 death (Herder, Goethe). His relation to the 'Sturm und Drang'. — 
 Man and Author. Personal traits, from works and letters (cf. letters 
 quoted in Rolleston and the selections in H. S. White: Lessing's Prosa, 
 p. 139-195). Relations with family and friends. — The estimate of con- 
 temporaries (Herder, Goethe) and successors (Schiller, Heine). 
 
 Rolleston: Life of Lessing. Gervinus: Geschichte der deutschen 
 Dichtung, Band IV, Kap. X, 1[ 8. Danzel und Guhrauer, I. 278- 
 310 (English influence). Biedermann, II. 2. Theil, 2. Abth. p. 
 227-241. Fischer, I. 1-80, 177-179. E. Schmidt, 2d ed. II. 618- 
 625; 3d ed. II. 624-631. Stahr, 14tes Buch, Kap. 7, Schluss. Sime, 
 chap. 23 (Sturm und Drang). — Herder's 'Nachruf: Werke, 
 DNL ed. 3. ii. 375-395. Goethe, letter to Frau von Stein, Feb. 
 20, 1781; cf. also Topics 14 (b) and 15 (d). Schiller: "Die 
 deutsche Muse" (Gedicht), Werke, Bellermann's ed. 1. 262. 
 "Achilles" (Xenion), 9. 164. Heine: "Romantische Schule," I. 
 Werke, Elster's ed. 5. 229-230; Walzel's ed. 7. 19-21. "Religion 
 und Philosophie in Deutschland," II. Werke, Elster's ed. 4. 
 240-245; Walzel's ed. 7. 284-291. Braun: Lessing, IL 375-97. 
 Chr. Schrempf: Lessing (1913), Kap. 2-8. 
 
 Contents of G. E. Lessings Schriften. 6 'I'heile (in .? I'anden). Berlin. 
 
 Voss. 1753-1755. 
 Ersrer Theil. 1753. Lieder. Oden. (Gereimte) Fabeln. Sinngedichte. 
 
 Fragmente. 
 Zweiter Theil. 1753. (Kritische) Briefe. 
 Dritter Theil. 1754. Rettungen: des Horaz, des Cardanus, des Inepti 
 
 Religiosi. des Cochlaus. 
 \'ierter Theil. 1754. Der junge Gelehrte. Die Juden. 
 Fiinfter Theil. 1755. Der Freigeist. Der Schatz. 
 Sechster Theil. 1755. Miss Sara Sampson. Der Misogyne.
 
 \ 
 24 NOTES AND ADDENDA
 
 NOTES AND ADDENDA 25
 
 26 NOTES AND ADDENDA
 
 27 
 
 Second Series: Goethe 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 
 
 References to Goethe's Works are to the following editions, which ar* 
 rited in the order named and by means of the abbreviations noted : 
 
 1. DjG Der junge Goethe. — Neue Ausgabe in sechs Banden besorgt 
 
 \i)n Max Morris. Leipzig, 1909-1912. — Contains the early works 
 and letters (to Nov. 1775) in chronological order and in the 
 original form; also contemporary statements about Goethe 
 (classified as "Gesprache'). Valuable commentary in vol. 6. 
 (Price 36 Marks.) — References to DjG in Goethe criticism, 
 unless otherwise specified, are to the earlier and less complete 
 edition, in 3 vols, by Salomon Hirzel. 
 
 2. W Weimarer. — Goethes Werke. Herausgegeben im Auftrage 
 
 der Grossherzogin Sophie von Sachsen. Weimar, 1887 — . 
 In four divisions: I. Werke im engeren Sinne (literary 
 works), 52 Bande. II. Naturwissenschaftliche Schriften, 13 
 Bde. III. Tagebucher, 13 Bde. tV. Briefe, 50 Bde. Supple- 
 mentary and index vols, in progress. — References to 'Werke', 
 unless specified otherwise, are to this edition. Other 'complete' 
 editions contain only the equivalent of Abteilung I and por- 
 tions of Abteilung II. With the exception of DjG they do not 
 include letters. 
 
 3. H Hempel. — Goethes Werke. Herausgeg. von Dijntzer, Loeper. 
 
 Strehlkeu. a. 36Theile in 23 Banden. Berlin (1868-79). Cited 
 by 'Theil'-number. H 20-23 contain Loeper's edition of "Dich- 
 tung und Wahrheit", the best; sold separately. (Price of H, 
 60 Marks; second-hand, c. 25 Marks.) 
 
 4. J Jubilaums. — Goethes Samtliche Werke. Jubilaums-Ausgabe. 
 
 Herausgeg. von Eduard von der Hellen (and sixteen collab- 
 orators). 40 Bde. and Registerband (valuable). Stuttgart, 
 1902-1907. (Price, 80 Marks. Registerband Marks.) 
 
 5. DNL Kiirschner's Deutsche National-Litteratur. — Goethes Werke. 
 
 Herausgeg. von Diintzer, Schroer u. a. 40 Bde. Berlin und 
 Stuttgart (1882-87). (Price. Mk. 3.50 per vol.; sold singly.) 
 
 6. C Cotta. — Goethes Samtliche Werke. Herausgegeben von Karl 
 
 Goedeke. 36 Bde. Stuttgart. Cottasche Bibliothek der Welt- 
 literatur. (Price 1 Mark per vol.; sold singly.) 
 For Goethe's early life and works (Topics 1-12) DjG should be 
 used whenever cited, with commentary in vol. 6. The standard edition 
 of Goethe's complete works is the Weimar, which has complete critical 
 apparatus and is the 'final authority' on textual questions, manuscripts, 
 etc. Introductions and notes relate onlv to these matters. This edition
 
 28 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 
 
 is less adapted to the earlier stages of Goethe study than H, DNL or J, 
 which have excellent general introductions (recommended) and some 
 notes. Of these J is the most complete (containing all the writings found 
 since 1887, except "Wilhelm Meisters Theatralische Sendung") and the 
 best annotated. (J omits, however, certain variant texts, such as the 
 stage-version of Gotz" and the earliest, prose version of "Iphigenie", 
 vi^hich are contained in all the other editions cited.) C has brief 
 introductions, but no notes. In certain instances, when the introduc- 
 tion and commentary of DjG, H, J, or DNL are indispensable, only 
 these editions, or some of them, are cited. Editions with English 
 introductions and notes are mentioned when available. The best 
 'student's working library' of first-hand material would consist of 
 DjG and J, together with Loeper's ed. of "Dichtung und Wahrheit" 
 (see H, above); and, in addition. Stein's "Goethe-Briefe" and Ecker- 
 mann's "Gesprache mit Goethe" (see below). 
 
 An important edition for advanced study is that published by 
 Goschen. Goethes Schriften. 8 Bande. Leipzig, 1787-1790. The first 
 authentic collected edition; referred to as 'Schriften'; contents, p. 66. 
 Important for textual criticism is the Vollstandige Ausgabe letzter 
 Hand. 55 Bande (in 27). Stuttgart und Tubingen, 1828-1833. The last 
 edition published in Goethe's lifetime; completed after his death. Of 
 numerous recent editions, a good one is that of Karl Heinemann. 30 
 Bde. Bibliographisches Institut. Leipzig, 1905-07. (Price, Mk. 60.) The 
 best 'Auswahl' is that by Erich Schmidt, 6 Bde. Insel-Verlag. Leipzig, 
 1909. (Price, Mk. 8.) 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Complete bibliography, to 1912, of the life and 
 works of Goethe in GOEDEKE'S "Grundriss zur Geschichte der deut- 
 schen Dichtung". Band IV, 3. Auflage. Annual bibliography, 1880-1913 
 in GOETHE-JAHRBUCH (abbrev. G-J), in which the most important 
 results of recent research have been published. G-J replaced by "Jahr- 
 buch der Goethe-Gesellschaft", herausgeg. von H. G. Graf. Weimar, 
 1914 — . (Bibliog. discontinued.) Brief bibliog. in Battels' "Handbuch" 
 (1909), 245-87. Journals most often referred to are "Vierteljahrschrift 
 fiir Litteraturgeschichte" (1888-93) and "Euphorion" (since 1894). 
 
 SOURCES. — First-hand information about Goethe's life and works 
 is found in his Autobiography, and in his letters and conversations. 
 There is hardly a work of Goethe's, major or minor, about which he 
 did not express himself in these records. Such utterances are of prime 
 importance and are to be looked up whenever cited, as follows: (a) 
 DICHTUNG UND WAHRHEIT (to Nov. 1775) : LOEPER'S edition, 
 indexes in H 23, p. 247-359. Likewise matters of biography ; cf. 'Sach- 
 register' and 'Personenregister'. (b) BRIEFE. — Most convenient selec- 
 tion in STEIN'S "Goethe-Briefe". 8 Bande. Berlin, 1902-05. (Price, 
 Mk. 32.) Each vol. contains classified indexes, similar to Loeper's 
 (Complete ed. of Briefe in W only; not yet indexed). Excellent selection 
 (not indexed), with notes, by E. von der HELLEN. 6 Bde. (@ 1 Mk.) 
 Cottasche Bibliothek der Weltliteratur. Best brief selection (not 
 indexed) by E. HARTUNG, 2 vols. (@ Mk. 1.80) entitled "Alles um
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 29 
 
 Liebe" and "Vom tatigen Leben". Miinchen. 'Biicher der Rose' series. 
 Hartung's selections are provided with notes and biographical sum- 
 maries and are occasionally supplemented by extracts from letters to 
 Goethe and other first-hand sources. Recommended for general col- 
 lateral reading. — Goethe's letters to Frau von Stein and the corre- 
 spondence of Goethe and Schiller are to be had complete in the 
 Cottasche Bibliothek der Weltlit., 4 vols, each (@ 1 Mk.). — Selections 
 from the correspondence of Goethe and various persons by R. M. 
 MEYER: "Goethe und seine Freunde im Briefwechsel." 3 Bande. 
 1909-11. (c) TAGEBUECHER. — W Abtlg. Ill (not cited here). The 
 vol. of "Annalen" ("Tages- und Jahreshefte") included in Goethe's 
 'VVerke' is based upon the Tagebiicher and Briefe. (d) GESPRAECHE. 
 — Complete edition by W. von BIEDERMANN. 10 Bde. 2. Auflage, 
 5 Bde. Leipzig, 1908-09. —J. P. ECKERMANN: "Gesprache mit 
 Goethe" (1823-1832) ed. by Diintzer or Von der Linden (several other 
 eds.). Many allusions to Goethe's works, also to persons and events 
 (see index). 
 
 SOURCE-BOOK. — The information in the above sources is col- 
 lected in the monumental work of H. G. GRAEF: Goethe iiber seine 
 Dichtungen." 8 Bde. (in 9). Frankfurt, 1901-15. Teil I. Epische 
 Dichtungen, 1 Bd. (in 2). II. Dramatische Dichtungen, 4 Bde. III. 
 Die lyrischen Dichtungen, 3 Bde. The works in Teil I and II are 
 arranged according to alphabetical order of titles, the poems (Teil III) 
 in chronological order. — A handy, one-volume source-book by T. 
 SCHAUFFLER: Goethes Leben, Leisten und Leiden. Heidelberg, 
 1913. (Price, Mk. 5.50) Well selected quotations from the sources, 
 relating to both life and works. Excellent for collateral reading. 
 
 BIOGRAPHY AND GENERAL CRITICISM. — The brief "Life 
 of Goethe" by JAMES SIME (entire), or the biographical sketch 
 (167 pp.) in CALVIN THOMAS'S "Goethe", is a part of the reading 
 prescribed for all students in the introductory course on Goethe. The 
 best book for a very concise account of the works (except those 
 published since 1877), with summary of contents, is KARL GOE- 
 DEKE'S "Goethes Leben und Schriften" (Stuttgart, 1877). An 
 excellent brief survey of Goethe's development as man and writer 
 (knowledge of his life and master-works assumed) is KARL ALT'S 
 "Goethe und seine Zeit" (Leipzig, 1911). The most satisfactory critical 
 biography (easy style), referred to throughout this Syllabus, is 
 ALBERT BIELSCHOWSKY'S "Goethe. Sein Leben und seine 
 Werke." 2 Bde. (pp. 532, 737). Miinchen, 1897, 1904 (Price, Mk. 14.) 
 Translated by Wm. A. Cooper: "The Life of Goethe." 3 vols. New 
 York, 1905-08. (Price, $10.50.) An excellent illustrated biography, 
 less conveniently arranged, is that by KARL HEINEMANN: 
 "Goethe." 2. Auflage, Leipzig, 1899. Excellent on the critical side, 
 but less suited as an introduction, is RICHARD M. MEYER'S 
 "Goethe". (4te) Volksausgabe (p. 580). Berlin, 1913 (Price, Mk. 5.50) 
 Shorter biographies (both illustrated) by LUDWIG GEIGER: 
 "Goethe. Sein Leben und Schaffen." Berlin, 1910 (p. 479. Price
 
 30 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 
 
 Mk. 6; cheaper ed. Mk. 3) and GEORG WITKOWSKI: "Goethe". 
 Leipzig, Berlin und Wien, 1899 (Price, Mk. 5). Geiger is recommended 
 as concise and adequate. An important recent book (difficult) is 
 H. S. CHAMBERLAIN'S "Goethe" (Munchen, 1912), a profound 
 study of the man and the writer (acquaintance with his writings 
 assumed) in each of his many phases. C. SCHREMPP: "Goethes 
 Lebensanschauung" is a careful and suggestive study of Goethe's 
 intellectual and artistic development, parallel with a survey of his 
 life and writings. 2 Bde. (to Italian Journey), Stuttgart, 1905, 1907. 
 HERMAN GRIMM'S "Goethe", Vorlesungen gehalten an der Kgl. 
 Universitat zu Berlin (8. Auflage, Berlin, 1903) contains in lecture form 
 a brilliant (but unequal) treatment of Goethe's life and master-works. 
 Translated by Sarah H. Adams: "The Life and Times of Goethe." 
 Boston, 1888. The earlier standard biographies of H. Duntzer and 
 H. Viehoff have been superseded. The same is true of G. H. LEWES: 
 "The Life of Goethe." 2 vols. London, 1855 (4th ed. 1890. Reprinted 
 in Everyman's Library), the first biography in English and long a 
 valued work in the German translation as well. Interesting in parts, 
 but ill-balanced and sometimes unreliable; was never as good as its 
 reputation. A good brief introduction (142 pp.) in H. H, Boyesen's 
 "Goethe and Schiller". 7th ed. New York, 1894. In the histories of 
 German literature the best treatment of Goethe is in H. HETTNER'S 
 "Literaturgeschichte des 18ten Jahrhunderts". 4. Aufl. Braunschweig, 
 1894. 
 
 CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM, 1773-1812. — J. W. BRAUN: 
 "Goethe im Urtheile seiner Zeitgenossen." 3 Bde. — Reviews of con- 
 temporary critics arranged in chronological order. To be consulted 
 for all topics dealing with the reception of Goethe's works. 
 
 SPECIAL PERIODS AND PHASES. — A valuable treatise on 
 Goethe's earliest writings (through Gotz von Berlichingen") by R. 
 WEISSENFELS: "Goethe im Sturm und Drang." Band I (no more 
 appeared). Halle, 1894. An interesting concise survey of Goethe's 
 whole Storm and Stress period by C. WEITBRECHT: "Diesseits 
 von Weimar." Stuttgart, 1895. A valuable introduction to this period 
 by MAX MORRIS in DjG 1. p. iv-xlviii. — Good essays on Goethe's 
 personal and official relations in Weimar by ADOLF SCHOELL: 
 "Goethe in Hauptziigen seines Lebens und Wirkens." Berlin, 1882. 
 Best treatment of Goethe's intellectual activities in his later years 
 (1805-32) by OTTO HARNACK: "Goethe in der Epoche seiner 
 Vollendung." 3. Aufl. Leipzig, 1905. L. GEIGER'S "Goethe und die 
 Seinen" (Leipzig, 1908) is an interesting account of Goethe's wife and 
 descendants and his private life in the later years. A valuable study 
 of the man and author in VIKTOR HEHN'S "Gedanken iiber Goetlie" 
 (esp. Chap. II). Of collected studies on special topics those most 
 often cited here are ERICH SCHMIDT'S "Charakteristiken" (includ- 
 ing other writers) and MAX MORRIS'S "Goethe-Studien". Special 
 works are cited under the several biographical and critical topics.
 
 8t 
 
 Program of Topics 
 
 NOTE. — For explanation of the asterisk (*), of topic-divisions, bibli- 
 ographical references, etc., see Note, page 7. For abbreviations, see 
 page 2. Read carefully the Instructions, page 3, and the Bibliographical 
 Note, page 27, before beginning work. 
 
 1. GOETHE'S BOYHOOD (Aug. 28, 1749,-Sept. 1765).— Significant 
 Influences, Traits and Incidents. 
 General, Topic (a) or (b): Bielschowsky, Band I, Kapitel 1-3. 
 Geiger, Kapitel 1. Heinemann, Erstes Buch, Kapitel 1. 
 
 (a) THE FIRST TWELVE YEARS (1749-61). DICHTUNG 
 
 UND WAHRHEIT, Buch 1-3 (except "Der neue Paris". 
 
 in Book 2). 
 W 26. 1-77, 99-177. H 20. 3-46, 60-105. J 22. 3 56, 74-132. DNL 
 17. 1-67, 85-143. C 20. 9-48, 62-105. 
 
 Goethe's Autobiography: character and scope, date of writing, sources (esp. of 
 Part I. cf. Geiqer, Kap. 20. p.issim). — Early childhodt. Home and parents. 
 Their respective character and influence. Father's earlier life. Grandparents. 
 Goethe and Textor families. — City of Frankfurt a/l\I. The boy's impressions. 
 Early instruction (cf. 'Labores juveniles', Max Morris: Der juiige Goethe 
 (abbr. DjG) 1. 3-76) and reading. Amusements and playfellows. The 'Puppeii- 
 spiel*. — Beginning of Seven Years' War. Effects and impressions. French 
 occupation of Frankfurt. The French Theater. Derones. Count Thoranc in 
 the Goethe house. His character and tastes. His pictures. A battle and tlie 
 consequences. Herr Goethe's narrow escape. The Count's departure (1761?). 
 
 Otto Heuer: Goethe's Vater. Jahrbuch des Freien Deutschen Hoch 
 stifts. 1910. p. 293-318. Erich Schmidt: Charakteristiken, I. 249-71 
 ("Frau Rath"). Karl Heinemann: Goethes Mutter (4. Aufl. Leipzig, 
 1893) p. 3-45, passim. Goethe: "Vom Vater hab' ich die Statur usvv." 
 H 2. 396. J 4. 98. Goebel, 141. H. S. Chamberlain: Goethe, 19-27. 
 M. Schubart: Goethes Konigslieutenant (Miinchen, 1896), p. 1-43. 
 
 (b) THE LAST FOUR YEARS (1761-65). DICHTUNG UND 
 
 WAHRHEIT, Buch 4 (in part), 5, 6 (in part). 
 W 26. 180-97, 221-39, 261-342; 27. 3-40. H 20. 107-16, 130 40, 
 153-200; 21. 5-25. J 22. 132-45 164-77, 192-256; 23. 3-30. DNL 17. 
 144-56, 172-87, 203-64; 18. 1-31. C 20. 105-15, 129-39, 150-218. 
 
 .After tlie departure of Thoranc. Private lessons. English and Hebrew. Accoih- 
 plishments. Exploration of the 'Judenga.=se'. Bible studies. I-'arliest poeuis. — 
 New friends. Goethe as 'Gelegenheitsdichter'. Goethe and Gretchen. Prepara- 
 tion for coronation ceremonies. Coronation Day. — The sequel of Goel lie's 
 escapade. Studies and meditations. — Cornelia's character and influence. — Goethe 
 a candidate for the 'Philandria'. — Significant characteristics of the l)oy. His 
 mother's recollections.
 
 32 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Briefe. — Max Morris: Der junge Goethe (abbrev. DjG) 1. 77-95 
 (cf. 6. 4-16). Stein: Goethe-Briefe, Band 1. No. 1, 2. Von der 
 Hellen, 1. No. 1, 2. G. Witkowski: Cornelia, die Schwester Goethes 
 (^Frankfurt a/M, 1903), p. 1-62. Scherer: Gretchen. Zeits. fiir deut. 
 Altertum, 24. 231f (cf. Doll, 188f). Schauffler, 36-54. 
 
 2. THREE YEARS IN LEIPZIG (Sept. 1765-Aug. 1768). THE 
 
 SEQUEL (Sept. 1768-March 1770). Student, Lover and 
 Poet. Letters. "Annette." "Neue Lieder." 
 
 DICHTUNG UND WAHRHEIT, Buch 6 (in part), 7, 8. 
 W 27. 40-222. H 21. 25-128. J 23. 30-167. DNL 18. 31-190. C 20. 
 218-320. (The discussion of contemporary writers, except Lessing, 
 Wieland, Klopstock and Gottsched, may be omitted.) 
 
 Journey to Leipzig. First impressions of city and university. Teachers and 
 friends. Contemporary German literature. Frederick's influence. L«ssing. — 
 Goethe and Kathchen Schonkopf. His writings at Leipzig. Beginning of his 
 'confessions'. — Character and influence of Belnisch. Odes to Behrisch. The 
 manuscript of "Annette". Typical poems of the collection (cf. Topic 3). — 
 Art studies with Oeser. Their significance. "Laokoon." Visit to Dresden. — 
 Breitkopf and the "Leipziger Liederbuch". Some of the songs (cf. Topic 3). 
 — Illness. Return home. The next 18 months. Slow recovery. Studies in 
 magic. Religious influences and interests. Fraulein von Klettenberg. His 'credo'. 
 
 Briefe (one of the following four) : Morris, DjG 1. p. 99-209 and 
 297-345, passim. No. 5, 7, 9, 13, 14, (May 11, 14), 17, 18, 22 (last 
 page), 23, 24, '26, 28, 29 (last 2 pp.), 30 (16. Oct.), 34, 41-48, 57, 
 59, 61. Stein, 1. No. 3-6, 12-17, 19-20a, 24, 29, 30. Von der Hellen. 
 1. No. 4-6, 9. 10, 13, 14 (last page), 15, 16, 18-20, 22, 24. "Alles urn 
 Liebe", p. 6-52, 60-62.— 'Gesprache', DjG 1. p. 286-94, 436-40.— "Drei 
 Oden an meinen Freund" (Behrisch) : DjG 1. 238-42. H 3. 31-34. 
 J 3. 52-56. C 1. 242. (Read 2d and 3d Odes.^ 
 
 Eielschowsky, I. Kap. 4, 5, 7. Geiger, Kap. 2. Heinemann, p. 56-101. 
 J. Vogel: Goethes Leipziger Studentenjahre. Weissenfels, 40-61, 
 77-102. Schauffler, 54-67, 72-80. 
 
 3. POEMS AND PLAYS OF THE LEIPZIG PERIOD. 
 
 Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 6. Geiger, Kap. 2, passim. Loeper's ed. of 
 ■"Dichtung und Wahrheit", H 23. Register, p. 254, 255, sub tit. 
 Weissenfels: G. im Sturm und Drang, 58-90. Schauffler, 67-72. 
 "ANNETTE". DjG 1. 212-37. W 37. 11-48. J 3. 182-207. Read 
 No. 1, 2, 5, 6, 10.— A. Leitzmann: Euphorion, Band 4. 794-804. 
 O. Pniower: Dichtungen und Dichter, p. 11-21. 
 "NEUE LIEDER"— DjG 1. 348-63. J 3. 208-19. C 36. 5-18. Read 
 No. 1, 4, 8, 13, 19, 20. — Weissenfels: Goethe im Sturm und Drang, 
 p. 63-77. A. Strack: Goethes Leipziger Liederbuch (Giessen, 1893). 
 
 "DIE LAUNE DES VERLIEBTEN" (176S). DjG 1. 254-85. W 9. 
 1-36. H. 8. 11-30. J 7. 1-32. DNL 6. 1-30. C 6. 11-37.— H. G. 
 Graf: Goethe uber seine Dichtungen, II. Theil, 3. Band, p. 291-308. 
 H. Roetteken: Vierteljahrschrift fiir Literaturgeschichte, 3. 184-86. 
 Weissenfels, 61-63.
 
 SECOND SERIES: jGOETHE «3 
 
 "DIE MITSCHULDIGEN." (A) 1769: DjG 1. 365-435; cf. 6. 
 74-77. C 14. 107-60. (B) 1790: W 9. 39-115. H 8. 39-78. J 7. 
 33-96. DNL 6. 31-112. C 6. 38-93. (C) Earliest form (P1768-69). 
 DjG 6. 81-128. (Base study mainly on (B); compare briefly 
 with (A) and (C).— Graf, II. 3. 492-512. —Weissenfels, 107-19, 
 448-55. A. Doll: Goethes Mitschuldigen, 135-271. 
 
 GOETHE IN STRASSBURG (April 1770-Aug. 1771).— HERDER. 
 — The Change in Goethe's Ideals of Life and Art. 'Sturm 
 und Drang.'— What followed (Sept. 1771-May 1772). 
 
 DICHTUNG UND WAHRHEIT, Buch 9, 10 und 11 (except the 
 
 parts dealing with Friederike, cf. Topic 5), 12 (to departure for 
 
 Wetzlar). 
 
 W 27. 223-346; 28. 39-87. H 21. 129-198; 22. 25-74. J 23. 167-259; 
 
 24. 29-93. DNL 18. 191-289; 19. 29-77. C 20. 320-388; 21. 25-72. 
 
 Reasons for going to Strassburg. First impressions. The Cathedral. Friends 
 and associates. Studies. Influence of the new environment. Self-discipline. — 
 Meeting and intercourse with Herder. His character and personality; his pre- 
 vious career and achievements. Herder's influence, personal and literary. Its 
 effect on Goethe as man and poet. Their studies in Hebrew poetry, Homer, 
 Pindar, English writers, the 'Volkslied'. — Attitude of the Strassburg circle 
 toward the French language and literature. How explained? The 'Literary 
 Revolution ('Sturm und Drang'). Shakespeare worship. How explained? — 
 Significance for Goethe of the Strassburg period. New ideals. How indicated? 
 Importance of his love affair (not to. be treated in detail, cf. Topic 5). — 
 Graduation. Return to Frankfurt. The 'Shakespeare Rede'. The winter of 
 1771-72. Literary work and plans (without details). Significance. "Goethe 
 zum National-Dichter geworden." 
 
 Briefe (one of the following four): DjG 2. p. 3-24, 107-22, passim. 
 No. 62, 67, 70, 71, 75, 83, 84, 86-89, 92. Stein, 1. No. 45, 46, 49-52, 
 54, 55. Von der Hellen, 1. No. 38, 41-43, 51-54, 56. "AUes urn 
 Liebe," p. 64, 69-72, 82-86.— Gedichte: "Mayfest," "Heidenroslein." 
 W 1. 16, 72. H 1. 16, 47. J 1. 12, 46. DNL 1. 11, 49. CI. 22, 57. 
 Goebel, p. 13, 20. DjG 2. 60-62. Volkslieder: DjG 2. 62-83. 
 Gesprache: DjG 2. p. 98f, 284f. No. 16-19, 21-25, 31, 32, 36, 38, 44. 
 Bielschowsky, L Kap. 8, 9, 11, 12. Weissenfels, 121-26, 136-245 
 passim. Grimm, 3. Vorlesung; 5. Vorlesung, passim. Schmidt: 
 Charakt. 2. Reihe, 130-44. Herder: — Introd. Sime: Encyclop. Brit. 
 Herder and Goethe: Hettner, III. III. 1. 107-117. G. Jacoby: 
 Herder als Faust, 10-43. Nevinson, 154-70. Kiihnemann: H'erder, 
 1. Buch (last 25 pp.). Weissenfels, 140-62. Schauffler, 81f. 
 
 THE SESENHEIM IDYL (Oct. 1770-Aug. 1771).— Goethe and 
 Friederike Brion. The 'Sesenheimer Lieder' and other 
 Lyrics of 1770-71. 
 DICHTUNG UND WAHRHEIT, Buch 10-12 (passim). 
 
 W 27. 346-74; 28. 5-39, 80-84, 118-20. H 21. 198-215; 22. 5-25, 
 49-51, 70-72. J 23. 259-80; 24. 3-29, 61-64, 88-90. DNL 18. 289-312; 
 19. 3-29, 66-74, 105-07. C 20. 388-404; 21. 5-24, 48-51, 68-70. 
 Briefe (one of the following three): DjG 2. p. 14f. No. 70-73, 
 76-80, 85. Von der Hellen, 1 . No. 42, 43, 45-49. "AUes um Liebe,"
 
 34 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 p. 70-72, 74-80. In addition: "Alles um Liebe," p. 233, or Stein, 2. 
 
 No. 297 (to Frau von Stein, Sept. 28, 1779, begin, "d. 25. Abends 
 ritt ich").— Gesprache, DjG 2. p. 100 (No. 20). Schauffler, 89f. 
 
 GEDICHTE.— 'Sesenheimer Lieder*. DjG 2. 56-60, 123; also in 
 Briefe No. 72, 72>, p. 17-18; cf. Notes, 6. 155-64. J 1. 44-46; 3. 
 62-66 (No. 15-21). Eugen Wolff: Der junge Goethe, p. 83-91, 
 108-09 (No. 77-82, 85-86, 88), commentary, p. 390-451. Bielschowsky: 
 Friederike und Lili, p. 96-104. (No. 4, 5, written by Lenz). Other 
 poems: "Mayfest," "Heidenroslein," "Ob ich dich liebe," "Ach wie 
 sehn' ich mich." DjG 2. 60-62, 123. J 1. 12, 48; 3. 315. E. Wolff 
 (ibid.), p. 81, 87-89. Schroeder: Die Seseah. L'der. Maurer: ditto. 
 
 The Sesenheim story, as told by Goethe in D u W. Facts confirmed by letters. 
 Artistic treatment. The Sesenheim household and its prototype. The portrait 
 of Friederike. Chronology of Goethe's visits and of other incidents. The final 
 parting. Explanations of Goethe's conduct; their basis. "Die neue Melusine." 
 The letters to Salzmann. Effect on Goethe. His 'confessions'. — The 'Sesen- 
 heimer Lieder': Discovery and content of the collection. Themes and import. 
 Questions of origin and authenticity; of chronology. — Related poems: "May- 
 fest," "Heidenroslein" etc. — Goethe's visit, Sept. 1779. His account to Frau 
 von Stein (see above). Friederike in after life (brief sketch, cf. Topic .Sa) ; 
 died 1813. Publication of Parts II and III of D u W. (1811, 1812). 
 
 Adolf Metz: Friederike Brion (Munchen, 1911), p. 1-97, 121-26. 
 Bielschowsky: Friederike und Lili, p. 21-62. Lieder, 65-96. P. F. 
 Lucius: Friederike Brion. Max Morris: Goethe-Studien, H. 
 90-95. Grimm, 4. Vorlesung.' E. Schmidt: Charakteristiken, L 272- 
 85. Weissenfels, 126-36. Lieder, 136-40. 'Anmerkungen', No. 
 46-51, p. 455-61. 
 
 *(a) FRIEDERIKE AFTER 1771. — Lenz, Goethe's friend and 
 would-be successor. The later attack on Friederike's char- 
 acter and the refutation. 
 In addition to D u W, Briefe and Gedichte, as above, and pp. 1-97 
 of Metz, the following: Metz: 98-126. J. M. R. Lenz: "Die Liebe 
 auf dem Lande" (poem), DNL vol. 80 ('Sturmer und Dranger', 
 vol. 2) 231-34. J. Froitzheim: Friederike von Sesenheim. Gotha, 
 1893 (the attack). H. Duntzer: Friederike von Sesenheim im 
 Lichte der Wahrheit (Stuttgart, 1893), 1-19, 123-52. Metz, 127-213. 
 
 *6. ORIGINS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STORM AND 
 STRESS. — Rousseau, Hamann, Herder. 
 General Introduction. — Hettner, III. III. 1. p. 1-20. A. Sauer: 
 'Stiirtner und Dranger', Einleitung. DNL vol. 79, p. 1-56. Biel- 
 schowsky, I. Kap. 9. Walzel: Das Prometheussymbol, p. 5-36. 
 Kronenberg, I. 406-428. 
 
 *(a) ROUSSEAU (1712-1778). — His Character and Career. The 
 
 'First Discourse.' Political and Social philosophy: "The 
 
 Origins of Inequality." "The Social Contract." Nature vs. 
 
 convention: "The New Eloisa." 
 
 Rousseau: "Discours sur les Sciences et les Arts" (1750). English 
 
 trans), in Everyman's Library, No. 660, p. 125-154. "Discours sur
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 35 
 
 I'Origine de I'lnegalite" (1755). English, ibid. p. 157-246. "Du 
 Contrat Social" (1762), Book 1. English, ibid. p. b-22. German 
 transl. of last two in Cotta'sche Bibliothek der Weltliteratur. 
 Rousseaus ausgewahlte Werke. Band 6. "Julie, ou la nouvelle 
 Heloise" (1761), thru Part III. Letter 18. 
 
 Fncyclopedia Brit, (biogr. sketch). Hettner, II. 438-95. E. 
 Schmidt: Richardson, Rousseau und Goethe, p. 83-133. G. E. 
 Lessing: Review of the 'First Discourse', cf. Syllabus, First Series, 
 Topic 5. J. Morley: Rousseau, I. chap. 5; II. chap. 1, 3. 
 
 *(b) HAMANN (1730-1788) and HERDER (1744-1803). 
 
 Hamann.— Goethe, Dichtung und Wahrheit. W 28. 105-11. H 22. 
 63-66. J 24. 79-83. DNL 19. 95-99. C 21. 61-64. Hettner, III. 
 III. 1. p. 271-78. J. Minor: Hamann in seiner Bedeutung fiir die 
 Sturm und Drang Periode (Frankfurt, 1881). E. Kiihne: Job. 
 Georg Hamann, der Magus im Norden. Unger, I. 275-305. 
 Herder: "Fragmente iiber die neuere deutsche Litteratur." 2. 
 Sammlung, I. DNL ed. of Herders Werke, Band 3. i. p. 214-27C. 
 "Shakespeare." DNL 3. ii. p. 229-51. Nevinson, 1-74, 103-70. 
 Bielschowsky: Goethe, I. Kap. 9. Hettner, III. III. 1. p. 23-42. 
 R. Haym: Herder, I. p. 313-354. E. Kuhnemann: Herder. Erstes 
 Buch. Andress: Herder, chap. 1-8, 16, 17, 20. Gundolf, 185-222. 
 
 7."GOETZ VON BERLICHINGEN" (A 1771, B 1773). 
 
 A (the Urgotz): "Geschichte Gottfriedens von Berlichingen mit 
 der eisernen Hand dramatisiert" (first published 1832). DjG 2. 
 141-265 (cf. 6. 193-211). W 39. 1-186. H 11. ii. 13-130. J 10. 
 127-252. DNL 8. 1-106. C 13. 12-118. 
 
 B (the Revision, pub. 1773): "Gotz von Berlichingen. Ein Schau- 
 spiel." DjG 3. 172-382 (cf. 6. 302-08). W 8. 1-169. H 6. 15-112. 
 J 10. 1-126. DNL 8. 104-233. C 9. 13-110. Edited, with (Eng.) 
 introd. and notes, by Goodrich (Holt) and by Hildner (Ginn). 
 General. — Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 14. Geiger, 61-68. Grimm, 6. Vor- 
 lesung. Heinemann, 171-82. Weitbrecht: Diesseits von Weimar, 
 Kap. 3. 
 
 (a) GENESIS. THE "GOETZ" OF 1771 AND 1773 COM- 
 PARED.— Reception of the Work. 
 J. Baechtold: Goetlies "Gotz von Berlichingen" in dreifacher 
 Gestalt (Freiburg, 1888). Text of A, B and C (stage-version, 
 1804) in parallel columns. For other editions see above; in one 
 vol. J 10, DNL 8. 
 
 Tlie first writing. The author's mood. Shakesoeare enthusiasm. Historical back- 
 ground of Goethe's play. Significance of Gotz von Berlichingen's epoch and of 
 Goethe's interest in it. The import of Gotz's struggle and end. — The Weis- 
 linRen drama. Goethe's 'confession'. — Herder's criticism of the first draft. The 
 revision. Changes in characters and motivation; in language and form (com- 
 pare esp. Act V in A and B). Additions and omissions. Gains and losses of 
 the revision. — Publication. Stage production. Contemporary criticism (esp. I.es- 
 •ing and Wieland) and influence.
 
 W PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Goethe: Dichtung und Wahrheit, in Book 13: W 28. 197-206. H 
 22. 116-21. J 24. 148-55. DNL 19. 177-85. C21. 113-18. Cf. also 
 Register, H 23. 254. Briefer cf. DjG, Register, 6. 593. Stein, 1. 
 295. Eckermann: Gesprache mit Goethe. Register, Band 3. All 
 of foregoing collected in Graf: Goethe iiber seine Dichtungen, 
 II. 3. p. 20-123. Schauffler, 120-28. 
 
 Weissenfels, 246-89, 333-39, 362-402. Minor und Sauer: Studien 
 zur Goethe-Philologie, 117-87. Bulthaupt, 3. 89-107.— Contemp. 
 crit. in Braun: Goethe im Urtheile usw. I. 4-23, 32-45, 412-17. 
 Lessing: Briefe, Hempel ed. Bd. 20. i. p. 580, 589. 
 
 (b) THE CHARACTERS. STORM AND STRESS. SHAKE- 
 
 SPEARE. 
 
 Genesis and significance of the characters. Individualization. Means of por- 
 trayal. The use of contrast in persons and environment. — ^Typical Storm and 
 Stress tendencies (individualism, independence, nationalism, nature vs. con- 
 vention, action, feeling, etc.): how extrnplified? — Literary influences on 
 plot and characters, particularly of Shakespeare (Antony and Cleopatra, Mac- 
 beth, Hamlet etc.). Goethe's tribute to Shakespeare's genius. Why the idol of 
 the Storm and Stress? Effect on language and technic. 
 
 Goethe: Dichtung und Wahrheit, in Book 11: W 28. 71-78. H 22. 
 44-48. J 24. 54-60. DNL 19. 58-65. C 21. 43-47. Briefe: DjG 2. 
 p. 111. Stein, 1. p. 157. Von der Hellen, 1. p. 106. "Zum Schake- 
 spears Tag" (Shakespeare Rede, 1771). DjG 2. 137-40: cf. 6. 191. 
 W 37. 127-35. H 29. 101-105. J 36. 3-7. DNL 26. 9-25. C 27. 
 268f. Schauffler, 100-02, 107-11. 
 
 Weissenfels, 289-372. Minor und Sauer, 237-84. Schrempf, 1. 
 146-54, A. Stahr: Goethes Frauengestalten, I. 41-56. J. A. Walz, 
 Modern Philology 3. 493-504. Gundolf, 223-51. 
 
 (c) THE LIFE AND TIMES OF GOETZ VON BERLICH- 
 
 INGEN (1480-1562).— His Autobiography and Goethe's Use 
 of it. — Germany under Maximilian I. The Passing of the 
 Free Knights. 
 "Lebens-Beschreibung des Herrn Gozens von Berlichingen." 
 Nurnberg, 1731. Reprinted in 'Quellenschriften', No. 2 (Halle, 
 1886) ; modernized German version by Miiller (Reclam Universal- 
 Bibliothek, No. 1556). 
 
 Weissenfels, 258-89. Freytag: Bilder, 2. Band, 1. Theil, p. 410-44; 
 2. Theil, p. 247-57. Sach, II. 38-61, 103-29. H. Ulmann: Kaiser 
 Maximilian I. (2 Bde. Stuttgart, 1885-91), II. 589-626. Henderson, 
 I. 228-50. Ranke: History of the Reformation, I. 222-42. 
 
 *(d) "GOETZ VON BERLICHINGEN" ON THE STAGE.— 
 The Version of 1804 (C), compared with the 'Urgotz' (A) 
 and the 'Schauspiel' (B), Its defects. Later influence of 
 Goethe's play on the German drama. 
 
 Text of C: W 13. 165-360. H 11. ii. 263-343. DNL 8. 238-342. 
 
 C 14. 5-106. Most convenient edition is Bachtold's, see under 
 
 Tgpic (a).
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 37 
 
 J. S. Nollen: Goethes Gotz von Berlichingen auf der Biihne. 
 Winter und Kilian: Zur Buluiengeschichte des GvB. O. Brahm, 
 Gocthe-Jahrbuch, 2. 190f. R. M. Werner, ibid. 2. 87f. Weissen- 
 fels, 3o2-72, 4U2-407. Schauffler, 128-30. 
 
 8. "DIE LEIDEN DES JUNGEN WERTHERS" (WERTHERS 
 LEIDEN). A, 1774. B, 1787. 
 A (the 'Urwerther') : Facsimile reprint. Insel-Verlag, Leipzig, 
 1907. DjG 4. 220-329, cf. 6. 410-19.— B (the Revision, pub. 1787): 
 W 19. 1-91. H 14. 13-128. J 16. 1-145. DNL 13. 1-134. C 15. 
 13-120. Edited with (Eng.) notes and critical essay, by E. Feise 
 (Oxford Press). 
 
 General. — Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 15. Meyer, Kap. 8. Weitbrecht: 
 Diesseits von Weimar, Kap. 5. 
 
 (a) GENESIS AND SOURCES. — 'Erlebtes' and 'Erdichtetes.' 
 
 Use and modification of real persons and incidents. Form 
 and Technic. (Read Text B) 
 
 Goethe's summer at Wetzlar (May-Scpt. 1772). The town and its environs. 
 The impt'iial comts. Friends and associates. Their impressions of Goethe. Lotte 
 Buff and Kestner. Their relations with Goethe. His departure (Sept. 11). — 
 Tlie narrative of Book 1 compared with authentic records. Discrepancies be- 
 tween the account in D u W and contemporary evidence. Goethe's journey. 
 Rtturn home. — The news of Jerusalem's death (Oct. 30, 1772) and its effect 
 on Goetlie. J.'s character and career. Causes of liis unhappiness. — Goethe in 
 the year 1773. Doing= and plans. The marriage of Ma.xe LaRoclie (.Tan. 1774). 
 Composition of "Werthir" begun. The break with Brenlano; its effect on the 
 story. "Werther" completed (May) and published (Sept. 1774). — Sources of 
 Book 2. Identification of Werther with Jerusalem. Kestner's account of his 
 death. Mffect of (loethe's recent experiences on the other characters. How the 
 Kestners received "Werther". 
 
 Dichtung und Wahrheit. W 28. 132-40, 149-58, 170-72, 206-37. 
 II 22. 79-83, 89-94. 100-102, 121-38. J 24. 100-105, 113-19, 128-31, 
 155-77. DNL 19. 116-22, 131-42, 153-56, 185-211. C21. 77-81,87-92, 
 98-100, 119-35. 
 
 Briefe. — A. Kestner: Goethe und Werther (Stuttgart, 1854; 3. AuH. 
 Alit ein. .\nhang.— Cf. No. vi-xi), No. 1-12, 18, 19, 24, 28-30, 59-62, 
 104-110. Eckermann: Gesprache mit Goethe. Register, Band 3. 
 All ni the foregoing collected in Graf: Goethe iiber seine Dich- 
 tini;;en, 1. 2. 493-695. J. W. Appell: Werther und seine Zeit (4. 
 .Aiiflagc Oldenburg, 1896), 85-102. Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 13. 
 H. Gloel: Goethes Wetzlarer Zeit (Berlin, 1911), Kap. 5-9. 
 C. Schuddekopf, Goethe-Jahrbuch. 18. 48-61. Schauffl.^r, \55i. 
 
 (b) THE CHARACTERS OF "WERTHERS LEIDEN". — The 
 
 'Urv/erther' (1774) and the Revision (1787) compared. 
 
 .•\lbcrt and Lotte in Book 1 and Book 2 of the 'Urwerther', compared. Their 
 treatment in the Revision, esp. in Book 2. Other changes. The episode of tl)-' 
 peasant lad. Its purpose. Critical analysis of Werther's character. His indebt- 
 edness to Goethr and to Jerusalem. His faults and virtues, liis weakness and 
 strength. Storm and Stress characteristics: Passion, nature, simple life, chil- 
 ilren, class distinction, books and learning, poetry and art, suicide, the use of 
 'Stimmung.' The import of V\'erther's sufferings and fate.
 
 38 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Text of both versions (for editions see above). A. Kestner: 
 Goethe und Werther, No. 28, 106-109. Graf, I. 493-695, passim 
 (see Topic (a). E. Feise, Journal of English and Germanic 
 Philology. 13. 1-36. G. Fittbogen, Euphorion, 17. 556-82. 
 C. Schrempf, 1. 137-44. E. Schmidt: Richardson, Rousseau and 
 Goethe, 145-243 (Storm and Stress motives to be briefly outlined, 
 without ref. to comparison v^^ith Rousseau). Schauffler, 161f. 
 
 *(c) CONTEMPORARY IMPORT, RECEPTION AND INFLU- 
 ENCE. — "Werthers Leiden" as an exponent of 'Welt- 
 schmerz.' 
 
 The sentimental epoch in German literature. Its tauses. 'Sturm und Drang' 
 and 'Weltschmerz': how related? Rousseau's 'nature gospel': how exemplified 
 in Goethe's novel? A protest: against what? Comparison of Werther with 
 Gotz. Resemblances and differences. — Contemporary criticism, favorable and 
 hostile. Nicolai's parody. Goethe's retort. Lessing's opinion. — Napoleon's 
 appreciation; his objection. — Influence of the work on German life and litera- 
 ture. Its international fame. Translations and imitations. 
 
 Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 9. W. A. Braun: Types of Weltschmerz 
 in German Poetry (New York, 1905), p. 1-8. Appell: Werther 
 und seine Zeit, p. 1-123; 127-195, passim (Wieland, Schubart, 
 Jacobi, Merck, Goeze, Nicolai); 223-232. J. W. Braun: Goethe im 
 Urtheile usw. I. p. 49, 53-4, 68-9, 76-8, 128-32. H. L. Wagner: 
 Prometheus, Deukalion und seine Recensenten. DNL 80. 
 359-80. Lessing: "Werther der Bessere." Hempel ed. of Werke, 
 11. ii. 767-69. F. Nicolai: Freuden des jungen Werthers usw. 
 (Berlin, 1775). Goethe: Anekdote zu den Freuden des jungen 
 Werthers. Titelstrophen fiir Werthers Leiden. Auf Nicolai. 
 Freuden des jungen Werthers. DjG 5. p. 20. 32-33, 36-38; cf. 6. 
 446-47, 450. An Werther (1823). H 1. 185. J 2. 205. SchoU: 
 Goethe (Napoleon), p. 476-77. 
 
 *(d) LITERARY INFLUENCES IN "WERTHERS LEIDEN." 
 — Development of the Epistolary Novel. Richardson, 
 Rousseau, Goethe. Comparison of themes, characters, im- 
 port, form and technic. — Influence of Ossian. 
 
 English origins of the epistolary novel, with special reference to Richardson's 
 "Pamela" and "Clarissa Harlowe" (1740, 1748). Form, themes, characteriza- 
 tion. Rousseau's "La nouvelle Heloise" (1761). New Elements: nature sense 
 and social philosophy. Their reappearance in "Werther's Leiden". Comparison 
 of Goethe and Rousseau in technic and in characteri.stic tendencies. The use 
 of excursus and episode. Richardson, Rousseau and Goethe as moralists. — 
 The 'immediatpness' of Werther's characterization. The dramatic element in the 
 story and its setting. The significance of time and place. The use of 'Stim- 
 mung'. — Macpherson's Ossian (1760f). Goethe's translation. Purpose and effect. 
 
 Text B of "Werthers Leiden". Samuel Richardson: "Clarissa 
 Harlowe", abridged by Chas. Jones (Holt). Hettner, I. 418-433. 
 Jean Jacques Rousseau: "Julie, ou la nouvelle Heloise" (read 
 through Part III. Letter 18). Hettner, II. 489-95. E. Schmidt: 
 Richardson, Rousseau und Goethe, 6-19. 71-243. Ossian: Poems, 
 p. 151-62. Hettner, I. 493-98. Tombo: O. in Germany, p. 66-80.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 39 
 
 9. "CLAVIGO." Ein Trauerspiel (1774). — Genesis. Sources. Plot 
 and Characters. 
 DjG 4. 169-218; cf. 6. 404-08. W 11. 47-124. H 6. 127-169. J 11. 
 83-140. DNL 8. 357-410. C 9. 11-54. Edited, with (Ger.) intro- 
 duction and notes, by R. M. Meyer (Hesse: Die Meisterwerke der 
 deutschen Biihne). 
 
 The 'Ehegesellschaft' at Frankfurt. Reading of Btauniarcliais' "Fourth Memoir." 
 Its author's career in France. Occasion and purpose of the Memoirs. Content 
 of the "Fragment de nion voyage d'Espagne". Relation of Goethe's drama to 
 this source. Other literary influences. — The real Clavigo and the real facts.— 
 The characters of Goithe's play, particularly Clavigo and Carlos. Goethe's con- 
 fession and its significance. Relation of the drama to "Gotz von Berlichingen". 
 Clavigo: Marie:: VVeislingen: Maria. — Contemporary criticism. Merck's estimate 
 
 Dichtung und Wahrheit, W 28. 118-120, 344-49. H 22. 70-72, 
 200-03. J 24. 88-90, 257-61. DNL 19. 105-07, 325-28. C 21. 68-70, 
 195-99.— Briefe, cf. DjG 6. Register, p. 593. Stein, 1. Reg. p. 294. 
 Eckermann: Gesprache, Reg. Bd. 3. Foregoing collected in Grat, 
 11. 1. p. 158-88. Schauffler, 174-77. 
 
 Bielschowsky, I. 238-42. Bulthaupt, 1. 106-19. Heinemann, 201-06. 
 Hettner, 111. III. 1. p. 135-39. Landwehr: Dichterische Gestalten 
 in geschichtlicher Treue, p. 128-35 — Theod. W. Danzel: Gesam- 
 melte Aufsatze (Leipzig, 1855), p 152-65. E. Schmidt: Charak- 
 teristiken, 2. Reilie, 99-116. Braun: Goethe im Urtheile usw. I. 
 67, 135, 421. Beaumarchais: Fragment de mon voyage d'Espagne. 
 Annee 1764. Quatrieme memoire (1774), p. 64-99; ed. Lescure- 
 Clavijo. Avec une preface. 1880. Hettner, H. 535-47. A. Bettel- 
 heim: Beaumarchais, p. 61ff. G. Grempler: Goethes Clavigo, 163-205. 
 
 •10. MINOR WRITINGS OF GOETHE'S STORM AND STRESS 
 PERIOD (1772-74).— Selected Poems. The 'Kunstlerdra- 
 men,' Fragments: "Mahomet." "Prometheus." "Der Ewige 
 Jude." Satires: "Pater Brey." "Satyros." "Gotter, Helden 
 und Wieland." 
 
 Characteristic themes and motifs: Nature, ait, genius, destiny, fri-edom, rcvalt 
 etc. Protest against sham in art. Sentiment vs. sentimentalism. Imitation vs. 
 originality. Significance of the satires on Leuchsenring, Herder!,?) and Wie- 
 land. Goethe's versatility. 
 
 General.— DuW, Register, sub tit. H 23. 250-56. Briefe, Register, 
 
 DjG 6. 593-95. Schauffler, 133-51. 
 
 GEDICHTE: — "Wanderers Sturmlied." "Der Wandrer." DjG 
 
 2. 124-27, 130-36; cf. 6. 185, 188. "Mahomets Gesang." DjG 3 
 138-41; cf. 6. 293f. "Prometheus." "Ganymed." "An Schwager 
 Kronos." DjG 4. 38-41, 165-67; cf. 6. 349f, 401.— H 1. 139f, 154l, 
 162; 2. 42f. 178. J 2. 51f, 59f, 91. Goebel: Goethe's Poems, p. 
 21 f. notes. 
 
 FRAGMENTE: — General. — Hettner, III. III. 1. p. 157-66. 
 Weitbrecht, 173-84. "MAHOMET." Dramatisches Fragment. 
 DjG 3. 136-38. W 39. 187f. I )S 8-10— Graf. II. 3. 343f. 
 J. Minor: Goethes Mahomet (Jena, 1907). M. Morris: Euphorion. 
 14. t)25-32. "PROMETHEUS." Dramatisches Fragment. DjG 3.-
 
 40 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 307-23; cf. 6. 313-18. W 39. 193-215. H 8. 175-99. J IS. 11-26.— 
 Graf, II. 4. 66f. E. Schmidt: Charakteristiken, 2. Reihe, 128-47 (or 
 G-J 20). Schrempf, 1. 105-69. Walzel: Das Prometheussymbol. 
 F. Saran: Goethes Mahomet (1-58) und Prometheus (59-13b). 
 Weitbrecht: Diesseits von VV. 173-84. "DER EWIGE JUDE." 
 DjG 4. 48-59; 6. 357-63. W 38. 53-64. J 3. 232-41.— Graf, I. 38-49. 
 J. Minor: Goethes Fragmente vom ewigen Juden (1904). 
 
 SATIRES: — General.— Bielschowsky, Register, sub tit. Band II. 
 p. 715f. Graf, II. 1. 426f; 3. If; 4. 118f. Weitbrecht: Diesseits 
 von Weimar, Kap. 4, passim. 
 
 "EIN FASTNACHT3PIEL VON PATER BREY" (1773). "SA- 
 
 TYROS." Drama (1773-74). 
 "GOETTER, HELDEN UND WIELAND." Eine Farce (1773). 
 
 DjG 3. 157-70, 283-306, 329-47; cf. 6. 300, 309, 319. W 16. 57-104; 
 
 38. 11-36. H 8. 140, 144, 179-89, 217-32, 252-74. J 7. 103-39, 201-14, 
 
 327f, 360f. DNL 6. C 6. 
 
 W. Scherer: Aus Goethes Friihzeit, 48-68. Satyros und Brey. 
 
 Goethe-Jahrbuch, 1. 81-118. Max Morris: Goethe-Studien, II. 
 
 269-71. Gertrud Baumer: Goethes Satyros (Diss. Leipzig, 1905). 
 
 Braun: Goethe, I., 35, 45. 
 
 "KUENSTLERS ERDEWALLEN" (1773). DjG 3. 324-28; cf. 6. 
 
 318. W 16. 141-48. H 8. 137, 153f. J 7. 144-48, 340f. DNL 6. C 6. 
 
 Compare "KUENSTLERS APOTHEOSE" (1788). W 16. 149-61. 
 
 H 8. 142, 191-99. J 7. 151-60. DNL 6. C 6. 
 
 11. LILI SCHOENEMANN. — Goethe's Swiss Journey. The Lih- 
 Poems. "Erwin und Elmire." 
 
 First meeting with Lili (Jan. 1775). Courtsiiip. Betrothal. Obstacles. Goethe's 
 flight. In Switzerland (May-July, 1775J. Return, difficulties again. The out- 
 come. Reasons for the separation (Sept. 1775). — Lili's character and personal- 
 ity. Conflicting estimates (cf. Grimm ar.d Bielschowsky, below). The evidence 
 of Goethe's narrative. — Meeting in 1779 (cf. letter to Frau von Stein, Sept. 
 25, 1779, see Topic S). — Lili in later life. Mutual recollections. 
 
 DICHTUNG UND WAHRHEIT, Buch 16-19, passim. W 29. 
 
 22-24, 37-65, 91-131, 155-61, 177-88. H 23. 14-15, 23-40, 55-77, 92-95, 
 
 103-09. J 24. 16-17, 25-47, 66-94, 112-16, 127-35. DNL 20. 20-24, 
 
 35-64, 92-132, 155-60, 172-85. C 21. 209-10. 216-33, 247-68, 282-85, 
 
 293-99. 
 
 Briefe. — DjG 6. 587, Personenregister, under 'Schonemann'. Ecker- 
 
 mann. Gesprache, Band 3, Reg., "Lili'. Schauffler, 182-92. 
 
 GEDICHTE: "Neue Liebe, neues Leben." "An Belinden." "Vom 
 Berge." "Lilis Park." "Auf dem See." DjG 5. 33-35, 257-58. 312-16; 
 cf. notes in DjG 6. "An ein goldenes Herz." "Jagers Abendlied." 
 H 1. 62, 63. J 1. 63-64 (cf. DjG 6. 517). "An Lili." "Hblde Lili, 
 warst so lang." H 3. 101, 316. J 3. 79-80. 
 
 Bielschowsky: Friederike und Lili, p. 107-152. Bielschowsky: 
 Goethe, I. Kap. 17. Grimm, 11. Vorlesung. Meyer, Kap. 10, 
 passim. F. von Durckheim: Lillis Bild.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE <i 
 
 "ERWIN UND ELMIRE." Ein Schauspiel mit Gesang (1775).— 
 DjG 5. 39-66; cf. 6. 451-56. W 38. 69-106. H 11. ii. 135-60. J 11. 
 1-30. DNL 7. 1-30. C 13. 160-82. 
 
 Genesis and sources. Goldsmith's ballad. Plot and characters. The autobi- 
 ographical clement. The form. Interpolated snngs. '"iJas Veilchen." 
 
 "Erwin und Elmire." Ein Singspiel (1788).— W 11. 285-330. H 9. 
 13-40. J 8. 149-90. DNL 7. 31-69. C 7. 70-100. 
 
 Changes in plot, characters and form. Relative interest and poetic worth of 
 the earlier and the later text. 
 
 Oliver Goldsmith: "The Vicar of Wakefield" (1766), chap. 8, 
 Ballad of Edwin and Angelina. K. Goedeke: Goethes Leben, p. 
 133-38, 270-72. W. Wilmanns G-J 2. 146-67. H. H. Borchardt, 
 
 G-J 32. 73-82. Graf, II. 1. 409f. SchaufHer, 196-99. 
 
 12. "STELLA" (1775). Published 1776 as "Ein Schauspiel fiir 
 
 Liebende." DjG 5. 67-128; cf. 6. 456f. 
 PubHshed 1815 as "Ein Trauerspiel" (as played 1806-). 
 W 11. 125-96. H 8. 89-132 (cf. note, p. 477). J 11. 141-94. DNL 
 6. 113-79. C 9. 233-74. 
 
 Genesis. Plot, theme, characters. Sources and influences. Swift's Stella and 
 Vanessa. The Jacobis and Johanna Fahlmer. The 'confession'. Stella and Lili. 
 — Publication. Contemporary criticism. The changed ending. 
 
 Briefe, cf. DjG 6. 593, Register, sub tit. Bielschowsky, L 242-48. 
 Meyer, Kap. 10, passim. Scholl: Goethe, 485-90. Schrempf, 1. 
 129-37. J. Minor: in W. Scherer's "Aus Goethes Fruhzeit", p. 
 26-30. W. Scherer: Aufsatze, 125-60. B. Luther, Euphorion, 14. 
 47f. Bulthaupt, L 120-23. Braun: Goethe, I. 228-9, 233 f, 240-44.— 
 Jonathan Swift: Encyclop. Brit, (biogr. sketch) . Hettner, I. 290-97. 
 
 *— "URFAUST" (P1773-75). — See Topic 28. 
 
 13. GOETHE'S FIRST TEN YEARS IN WEIMAR (Nov. 1775- 
 
 Sept. 1786). 
 
 (a) SOCIAL LION AND MAN OF AFFAIRS.— Court life at 
 Weimar and Goethe's part in it. Relations with Karl August, 
 personal and official. 
 
 The Duchy of Weimar and the capital. The ducal family: Anna Amalia, Karl 
 August, Luise. Other prominent persons in the court circle (without details of 
 Frau von Stein, cf. Topic 14). — Goethe's first meeting with Karl .\ugust. His 
 arrival at Weimar. Impressions received and given. His social p<isition and 
 influence. Companion and counsellor of the Duke. Relations with .\nna .-Xmalia 
 and Luise. Difficulties encountered. — Goethe's duties as state official. His sense 
 of responsibility. — Court amusements and Goethe's part in them. Private theat- 
 ricals. — Corona Schroter, -- actress, singer, Goethe's iricnd. 
 
 Dichtung und Wahrheit: W 28. 315-28; 29. 172-73, 179-92. H 22 
 183-91; 23. 100, 104-112. J 24. 235-45; 25. 122-23, 128-38. DNL 19. 
 284-305; 20. 168-69. 174-88. C 21. 178-86, 290, 294-302. 
 Briefe: "Alles urn Liebe," p. 158-61, 168-69, 176-79, 212. 226-28. 252. 
 282-83, 287-88. 303-05. 316, 3-40-43. Briefe an Carl August: Stein, 
 Register, Band 2, p. 303, Band 3. p. 305 (through No. 569), or 
 Von der Hellen, Reg., Bd. 1, 2, 3, (Karl August), through No. 469.
 
 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Briefe: References to Anna Amalia, Carl August and Luise, cf. 
 Stein, Register, Bd. 2. p. 309, under 'Sachsen-Weimar'. Gedichte an 
 Karl August: H 3. 317-21. J 3. p. 81f, No. 39, 54, 62, 82, 83, 87, 
 133. "Ilmenau." H 1. 108-13. J 1. 276-81; cf. Goebel: Goethe's 
 Poems, p. 173-77, notes. R. Hildebrand, G-J 15. 140f. "Venetian 
 Epigrams," No. 34, 35 (or 34a, b) . H 2. 144-45. J 1. 212-13. 
 C 1. 199f. "Auf Miedings Tod." H 1. 118-24. J_l. 269-75, and 
 notes; cf. R. Keil: Ein Goethe-Strauss (Stuttgart, 1891), p. 140-154. 
 For "Die Fischerin." Ein Singspiel (1782), see W 12. 87-116. H 9. 
 167-92. J 8. 69-82. DNL 7. 287-321. C 7. 150-66. Geiger, 130-33. 
 Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 19, 20, 22. H. S. Chamberlain: Goethe, p. 
 193-206. A. Diezmann: Goethe und die lustige Zeit in Weimar, 
 Kap. 1, 4. Grimm, 14. Vorlesung. Scholl: Goethe, 98-183, passim. 
 Schrempf, II. 16-43. Schauffler, 204-311, passim. Meyer, 139-48. 
 Thomas: Goethe, chap. 4. 
 
 (b) STATESMAN, POET, MAN. — The evolution of Goethe's 
 ideals of life and art. Survey of literary work in the Ten 
 Years, with discussion of the Poems written in this period. 
 
 Goethe's constructive work as Minister of State. His principal achievements. 
 His sacrifices. Journeys to Switzerland, the Harz, Berlin, Leipzig, etc. — His 
 private life. His 'large humanity'. Inner and outer changes. The influence of 
 Frau von Stein (briefly). — Writings. Important works continued or begun. 
 Poems. Expression of his new ideals (e.g. compare "'Prometheus" (1773), and 
 "Grenzen der Menscliheit" (1781), "Das Gottliche" 1783). The passing of his 
 Storm and Stress (cf. "Ilmenau"). — Losses and gains of the Ten Years. His 
 own estimate. Inner conflicts. Close of the epoch. 
 
 Briefe: "AUes um Liebe," p. 158-61, 166-69, 172-75, 176-85, 187, 
 191, 196-98, 212, 215-19, 222-24, 226-28, 233-34, 246-47, 252, 256-58, 
 262-63, 268-72, 274-79, 282-83. 287-88, 291-92, 296, 298-300, 303-05, 
 312, 316, 328-29, 332, 339-45, 347-48, 354-55, 356-59. 
 
 GEDICHTE: "Wanderers Nachtlied I", "Hans Sachsens Poetische 
 Sendung", "Rastlose Liebe", "Seefahrt", "Harzreise im Winter", 
 "An den Mond", "Gesang der Geister iiber den Wassern", "Wan- 
 derers Nachtlied II", "Grenzen der Menschheit", "Das Gottliche", 
 "Mignon". — Themes and import. Autobiographical significance. 
 Ballads: "Der Fischer", "Der Erlkonig", "Der Sanger", H 1. 
 54, 62-65, 113-18, 141-42, 145-54, 159, 164-67, 227-29, 231-34. J 1. 
 54-55, 63-66, 101-02. 105-07; 2. 44, 48, 56, 62. 85. Cf. notes in J 1 
 and 2; also J 28. 164-81. For "Ilmenau" see Topic 13 (a) above. — 
 Goebel: Goethe's Poems, p. 31-56, 78-99, passmi. R. Keil: Ein 
 Goethe-Strauss, p. 103-154, passim. R. Kogel: Goethes lyrische 
 Dichtungen der ersten Weimarischen Jahre (Basel, 1896). 
 F. Kern: Kleine Schriften, II. 80-88. F. Warnecke, G-J 33. 113-27 
 ("Harzreise im W."). E. v. d. Hellen: Jhb. d. F. D. H. 1902. 325-43. 
 Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 21. 22. 24. 25. Chamberlain: Goethe, 193-216. 
 Hettner, III. III. 1. p. 179-203. Scholl, 120-207, passim. 
 Schrempf, II. 3-27, 121-52. Thomas: Goethe. Index, p. 366, sub tit.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE « 
 
 *(c) MINOR PLAYS FOR THE WEIMAR COURT. — Local 
 
 and personal significance. — "Das Neueste von Plunders- 
 
 weilern," the picture and the poem. 
 "Lila" (1776). W 12. 39-86. H 9. 99-133. J 8. 1-38. DNL 7. 
 201-44. C 7. 123f. Max Morris: Goethe-Studien II. 1-8. 
 "Der Triumph der Empfindsamkeit" (1777, rev. 1786). W 17. 
 1-74 (orig. text, 17. 323f). H 8. 319-64. J 7. 225-78 (cf. 371-77). 
 DNL 6. 398-465. C 6. 201-44. Morris: Goethe-Studien, II. 9-16. 
 E. Schmidt: Goethes Proserpina. Vierteljahrschrift fiir Literatur- 
 gesch. 1. 27-52. R. Buchv/ald, Euphorion, 15. 41-52. "Jery und 
 Bately." Ein Singspiel (1779). W 12. 1-38. H 9. 135-65. J 8. 
 39-58. DNL 7. 245-86. C 7. 101-22. Schauffler, 231, 239. 243. 
 "Das Neueste von Plundersweilern" (1781). W 16. 41-55. J 7. 
 190-200. DNL 6. 279-98. — Scholl, 517-34. Schauffler, 282f. 
 
 14. GOETHE AND FRAU VON STEIN. — Their relations in the 
 First Ten Years, and later. Goethe's letters and poems. 
 "Die Geschwister." 
 
 Charlotte von Stein's early life (1742-64). Married life, to 1775. Mutual 
 knowledge and interest of Goethe and Frau von Stein before their meeting. 
 Dr. Ziinmermann. Her character and personality. The course of their relation, 
 1775-86, as seen in Goethe's letters and poems. "Die Geschwister" as a 'con- 
 fession'.-^Frau von Stein as mentor and confidante. The nature and significance 
 of her influence on Goethe and his writings, particularly "Iphigenie auf Tauris.'' 
 Effect of Goethe's departure to Italy (Sept. 1786). His letters from Italy. 
 Indicative of changed feelings? After his return. Gradual estrangement; 
 causes. The breach. Goethe's last letters (Feb. -June, 1789). — I^ter friendship. 
 Their correspondence 1795-1826. Their old age. Her death, Jan. 1827. 
 
 Goethes BRIEFE AN FRAU VON STEIN: complete editions 
 by A. Scholl, 3. Auflage rev. by Wahle, 2 Bande (standard); and 
 by K. Heinemann, 4 Bde. (Cotta, Weltlit.).— Read all letters to 
 Frau von Stem in "AUes um Liebe", p. 159-430, and in "Vom 
 tatigen Leben", p. 64, 122, 135, 189, 300, 355 Or in Von der Hellen, 
 Band 1-6 (indexes); or in Stein, Band 2-8 (indexes). Cf. Heine- 
 mann's 'Einleitung', Bd. 1, p. 3-34. 
 
 GEDICHTE an Frau von Stein: "Zueignung," "Die Geheimnisse," 
 "An Lida," "Fiir ewig," "Zwischen beiden Welten." H 1. 7-10, 
 124-36, 180, 199. J 1. 1-6 (cf. notes), 287-98; 2. 80, 219. An Per- 
 sonen: J 3. p. 83f. No. 41-48, 50, 53. 55, 57-61, 65-68, 70-73, 75 
 80, 142, 196. H 3. p. 22, 46-48, 86-91, 119, 121. 334, 348. For some 
 cf. Goebel, p. 49-56, notes. (For original setting of poems see 
 SchoH's or Heinemann's ed. of Briefe, e. g. Apr. 14, 1776). 
 "DIE GESCHWISTER." Ein Schauspiel (1776). 
 W 9. 117-45. H 6. 183-99. J 11. 195-216. DNL 6. 18':)-207. C 9. 
 275-88.— Cf. Scholl, Goethe, p. 68-97. Bulthaupt, I. 126-33. 
 Bielschowsky, I. 300-09; II. 1-7. W. Bode: Charlotte von Stein, 
 p. 1-101, passim (early years). Grimm, 13. Vorlesung. A. Luther: 
 Goethe, 71-105. E.Schmidt: Charakteristiken. I. 302-20. Schrempf: 
 Goethes Lebensanschauung, II. 44-;)8. Schauffler, 229f.
 
 44 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 15. GOETHE'S ITALIAN JOURNEY AND ITS SEQUEL. — Art 
 and Nature in Italy. Reaction from the restraint of the 
 Ten Years. Christiana. The "Roman Elegies." 
 
 (a) "ITALIENISCHE REISE" (Sept., 1786-June, 1788). Goethe's 
 
 itinerary. Studies and observations. His 'spiritual rebirth*. 
 
 Literary work. 
 W 30, 31. H 24. J 26. 27. DNL 21. i. ii. C 22, 23. 
 Required selections: — Venedig: Sept.-Okt. 1786. H 24. 56-89. 
 J 26. 68-111. Rom: Nov. '86-Feb. '87. H 24. 114-67. J 26. 142-207. 
 Neapel: Feb.-Mar. '87. H 24. 168-212. J 26. 207-63. Sizilien nach 
 Neapel (return voyage, Alar. '87): H 24. 298-305. J 26. 371-80. 
 
 CJoethe's longing for Italy. Mignon's song. Plans for the journey. Circuiii- 
 stances of his' departure. His route. In Venice. First impressions of Italy. 
 Arrival in Rome. Impressions and comments, favorable and otherwise. To 
 Naples and Sicily. Botanical studies. A perilous voyage. Second stay in 
 Rome (June 6, '87-Apr. 23, '88). Goethe's leave prolonged. Studies in 
 ancient and modern art. Life in Rome. Friends and associates. At Castel 
 Gandolfo (autumn, '87). Maddalena Rigi. Second winter in Rome. — The 
 start homeward. Florence. Milan. In Weimar again. (June 18, '88.) — 
 Significance of the Italian Journey for Goethe's life and art. — Literary work 
 in Italy for the edition of his "Schriften", 1787-1790. Works revised, con- 
 tinued and completed. Interest in the 'Singspiel'. Meyer. Revision of 
 "Claudine von Villa Bella". The earlier form. 'Ein Schauspiel mit Gesang' 
 (1775). 
 
 Briefe. — "Alles um Liebe," p. 356-413; or Stein, 3. p. 104f. No. 
 
 568-72, 576-79, 581-82, 584-85, 588, 591, 596, 602-3, 605. 616, 618, 622; 
 or Von der Hellen, 2. No. 468-71, 474-78, 480, 484, 486, 489, 494-5, 
 506, 512. Schauffler, 311-341. 
 
 Geiger, Einleitung, J 26. p. v-lv. Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 26. 
 Grimm, 16. u. 17. Vorlesung (in part). Meyer, Kap. 14. 
 "Claudine von Villa Bella." Ein Singspiel (1788). W 11. 197-283. 
 H 9. 49-98. J 8. 191-266. DNL 7. 131-200. C 7. 11-69. — Ein 
 Schauspiel mit Gesang (1775). DjG 5. 129-98; cf. 6. 466-68. W 38. 
 107-94. H 11. ii. 165-209. J 11. 31-82. DNL 7. 70-130. C 13. 
 183-222. — Goedeke: Goethe, 136, 266. Bielschowsky, Register, 
 sub tit. K. Kippenberg: Ueber Goethes Claudine von V. B. 
 
 (b) AFTER THE ITALIAN JOURNEY (to 1794). CHRISTI- 
 
 ANE. — Changes in Goethe's public and private life. His 
 new Muse. The "Roman Elegies." 
 
 Goethe's return from Italy (June 18, '88). His official position and activities. 
 
 — His discontent. The reunion with Frau von Stein. Changed relations. The 
 mt-eting with Christiane Vulpius (1765-1816), July 12, 1788. Her character 
 and personality. The sequel. Effect on Goethe's social relations in Weimar. 
 His home life. Birth of August von Goethe (Dec. 25, 1789). — Goethe and 
 Christiane until their formal marriage (Oct. 19, 1806). Goethe's letters to 
 Christiane: what they say and what they indicate. His mother's attitude. — 
 The inspiration of the "Roman Elegies." Their themes, import and form. 
 
 — In Venice again (1790). Changed impressions. The "Venetian Epigrams." 
 Botanical and other scientific studies (without detail). Literary work. Com- 
 pletion of the 8-voI. edition of his "SCHRIFTEN." The new master-works 
 it contained. ( f. Syllabus, p. 66, and Geiger, 174-77.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE « 
 
 Briefe. — "Alles um Liebe," p. 414-430, and letters to Frau von 
 Stein, p. 358-401. "Vom tatigen Leben," Goethe's letters to Chris- 
 tiane, p. 17-122 (index, p. 416) and also p. 142-146; letters from 
 Goethes mother to G. and Christiane. Schauffler, 34J-49. 
 
 GEDICHTE an Christiane: "Morgenklagen," "Der Besuch," "Das 
 Wiedersehen," "Gefunden." W 1. 25, 287; 2. 98-103. H 1. 21, 
 174-77; 2. 52. J 1. 18, 192; 2. 73-77. DNL 1. 18, 227; 2. 85-89. 
 C 1. 27, 186-88, 272-75. "Amyntas." W 1 . 288. H 2. 53. J 1. 193. 
 DNL 1. 228. C 1. 187. 
 
 "EPIGRAMME (VENEDIG)." No. 3, 98, 99. W 1. 308f. H 2. 
 137f. J 1. 204f. DNL 1. 243f. C 1. 195f. Other Epigrams to be 
 read: No. 4, 5, 7, 13, 26, 28, 29, 34a, 34b, 35, 51, 94 to end. — 
 "Metamorphose der Pflanzen" (Gedicht). W 1. 290. H 2. 227. 
 J 2. 247. DNL 3. ii. 25. C 2. 129. 
 
 "ROEMISCHE ELEGIEN." W 1. 233-62. H 2. 17-36. J 1. 154- 
 72. DNL 1. 185-205. C 1. 161-74. Read No. 1, 3-8, 13, 18. 
 Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 1. Grimm, 17. u. 18. Vorlesung, passim. 
 Geiger: Goethe und die Seinen, p. 7-75. Max Morris: Christiane 
 Vulpius in Goethes Dichtung. Goethe-Studien, II. 76-109. Ph. 
 Stein: Briefe von Goethes Mutter (Reclam. Miniatur-Ausg.). 
 Einleitung: Christiane und Goethe, p. 3-35. Goethe: Hermann und 
 Dorothea (Elegie, 1796). H 2. 54-56. J 1. 194-96. Goebel, 63. 
 
 16. "IPHIGENIE AUF TAURIS." Ein Schauspiel (1787). 
 
 W 10. 1-95. H 7. 93-180. J 12. 1-88. DNL 9. 37-119. C 11. 1-76. 
 — Edited, with (Eng.) introd. and notes, by M. Winkler (Holt). 
 General. — Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 27. Meyer, Kap. 15. 
 
 (a) GENESIS AND FORM. 'ERLEBTES.* RECEPTION. — 
 
 The first veraion (A, 1779) and the last (D, 1787). Goethe's 
 'confession.' The Healing of Orestes. Frau von Stein. 
 
 The prose "Iphigenie?' (1779): W 39. 321-404. H 11. ii. 217-55. 
 
 DNL 9. 1-35. C 13. r.9-59. The four forms in parallel columns: 
 
 J. Bachtold. Goethe's "Iphigenie auf Tauris" in vierfacher Gestalt. 
 
 H. Diintzer: Die dre'. altesten Bearbeitungen von Goethes 
 
 "Iphigenie." 
 
 Beginning and progress of ^he work. Performance of the prose version at 
 Weimar (1779). The cast. The first versification (B, 1780). The third 
 version (C, 1781). Completion in Italy. Comparison of A (1779) and D 
 . (the final, published text, 1787) as to form and diction. Cursory examina- 
 tion of the intermediate forms (B and C). — Goethe's interest in the Orestes 
 legend: how explained? Analogy with his own situation. The Healing of 
 Orestes as the "axis of the piece," why so called? Iphigenie : Orest :: Frau 
 von Stein : Goethe. The evideice of Goethe's letters to Frau von Stein (cf. 
 esp. Apr. 14, 1776). — Reception of the drama in Weimar and elsewhere. 
 Schiller's criticisms. 
 
 Briefe. Stein, Register, Ed. 2, 3. Eckermann: Gesprache, Register. 
 Graf, II. 3. p. 156-255. — K. Fischer: Goethe's Iphigenie (Goethe- 
 Schriften, I), p. 7-18, 35-56. Grimm, 15. Vorlesung; 17. Vorlesung
 
 46 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 (beginning). K. Heinemann: Die Heilung des Orest. G-J 20. 212-20. 
 Winkler, introd. chap. iv. vi.-ix, Bulthaupt, I. 149-70. — Braun: 
 Goethe, II. 7-13, 52-57. Schiller: Ueber Goethes Iphigenie auf 
 Tauris. 'Werke,' Bellermann ed. 13. 306-36. Sakular ed. 16. 195- 
 226. DNL ed. 12. ii. 284-313. Schauffler, 349-57. 
 
 (b) SOURCES. LEGEND AND DRAMA. EURIPIDES AND 
 GOETHE— The legend of Orestes and the Tauric Iphigenia. 
 Comparison of plot and characters in Euripides and Goethe, 
 The Greek and the Modern element in Goethe's play. 
 
 Euripides: "Iphigenia in Tauris," edited (Greek text) with introd. 
 and notes, by Jerram (Cambridge Press) and Flagg (Ginn); see 
 introd. English verse transl. by Gilbert Murray (Oxford Press). 
 Cf. J. P. Mahaffy: History of Greek Lit. I. 354-58. Goedeke: 
 Goethe, 246-55. 
 
 K. Fischer: Goethes Iphigenie, p. 18-35. Schrempf, II. 226-40. 
 Winkler, introd. chap. i. iii. ix-xi. F. Thalmayr: Goethe und das 
 klassische Altertum (Leipzig., 1897). F. Thiimen: Die Iphigenien- 
 sage in antikem und modernem Gewand (Berlin, 1895). 
 
 17. "EGMONT." Ein Trauerspiel (1787). 
 
 W 8. 171-305. H 7. 1-92. J 11. 235-336. DNL 8. 411-517. C 9. 
 
 155-232. — Edited, with introd. and notes, together with Schiller's 
 
 Essay on Egniont and Review of Goethe's Drama, by M. Winkler 
 
 (Ginn). 
 
 General. — Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 23. Meyer, Kap. 13. 
 
 (a) GENESIS AND SOURCES. PLOT AND FORM. — Relation 
 
 to history. Use of 'mass scenes.* Shakespeare influence. 
 Language and style. 
 
 The beginning at Frankfurt (1775). Goethe's interest in the subject. Reasons, 
 historical and personal. Continuation at \\'einiar. The "Egmont" of 1782. 
 Completion in Italy. — Earlier and later prrtions of the play. Criteria. — 
 Goethe's historical sources, and his use of them. Critical analysis of plot. 
 Influence of "Julius Caesar." — The civic background. — Political philosophy 
 in "Egmont." Conflicting theories and their representatives. Goethe's stand- 
 point. 
 
 Dichtung und Wahrheit, Book 19, 'ast page; Book 20, passim (cf. 
 H 23. 250). Briefe: Stein, Register, 2. 304; 3. 306. Graf, I. 1. 
 p. 196-279. Schauffler, 357-63. 
 
 J. L. Motley: The Rise of the Dutch Republic, vols. 1 and 2, 
 passim. W. H. Prescott: History of the Reign of Philip II. Book 
 111. chap. 1-5. E. Zimmermannr Goethes Egmont (Halle, 1909), 
 p. 100-121, 135-161. D. Jacoby, G-J 12. 247-56 (Shakespeare). 
 
 (b) THE CHARACTERS. EGMONT IN HISTORY AND IN 
 
 GOETHE'S DRAMA. —'Das Damonische.' Goethe and 
 Egmont. 'Erlebtes.' — Import. Reception. Schiller's criticism 
 and his later adaptation.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE *1 
 
 Character and personality of the real Egmont. Goethe's changes and his reason*. 
 "Das Damonische' and its exemplification in Egmont. — Critical analysis of 
 Egmont's character. His virtues and faults. His 'humanity.' His relation to 
 Orange and to Alba (with a comparison of the three as men and as statesmen); 
 to the government; to the people. Eg[mont and Clarchen. — Import of Egmont's 
 fate. Gotz and Egmont. Storm and Stress tendencies. Other characters and 
 their relation to Egmont. Types and individuals among the bourgeoisie. — 
 Schiller's review (1788). His praise and blame. Estimate of his criticism. 
 Scliiller's adaptation of "Egmont" (1796). Principal changes. Reasons. Effect. 
 Goethe's attitude. 
 
 Schiller: Egmonts Leben und Tod (hist, essay), 'Werke,' DNL 
 ed. 10. i. 303-25. Winkler's ed. of "Egmont," p. 119-150. Prescott, 
 see Topic (a). Schrempf, II. 177-84, 204-210, 274-96. Zimmermann, 
 p. 16-99. — Schiller's Review: 'Werke,' Bellermann's ed. 13. 295- 
 306. Sakular ed. 16. 179-90. DNL ed. 12. ii, 274-84. Cotta ed. 
 15. 154-64. Winkler's ed. of "Egmont," p. 153-67. — Schiller's 
 'Biihnenbearbeitung' of Goethe's "Egmont," 'Werke,' DNL ed. 7. 
 243-323. Cf. A. Koster: Schiller als Dramaturg, p. 1-10. Braun: 
 Goethe im Urtheile usw. II. 21-38, 57-69. 
 
 18. "TORQUATO TASSO." Kin Schauspiel (1790). 
 
 W 10. 103-244. H 7. 181-295. J 12. 89-220. DNL 9. 131-249. C 11. 
 77-176. — Edited, with introduction and notes, by C. Thomas 
 (Heath); with introduction, notes and vocabulary, by J. F. Coar 
 (Ginn). General, — Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 28. Meyer, Kap. 16. 
 O. Pniower: Dichtungen und Dichter, 58-78. 
 
 (a) GENESIS. LITERARY SOURCES. 'ERLEBTES.' —The real 
 
 Tasso. Ferrara and Weimar. Goethe and Tasso. 
 
 Goethe's early knowledge of Tasso and his "Jerusalem Delivered" (cf. "Wilhelm 
 Meisters Theatralische Sendung," Buch I, Kap. 9: "Lehrjahre," Buch I, Kap. 
 7). Torquato Tasso's career. His stay at Ferrara. Departure and later experi- 
 ences. — Goethe's "Torquato Tasso" begun (1780). Earlier form. His interest 
 in the subject. Explanation. Relation to Goethe's experiences at Weimar. 
 Progress of the work (cf. letters to Erau von Stein). Interruption. Change 
 of plan. Completion. — Goethe's sources, Manso and Serassi, and his use oi 
 them. Relation of persons and events in the drama to those at Ferrara and 
 at Weimar, respectively. — Publication and reception. 
 
 Briefe: Stein, Register, 2. 305; 3. 307. Graf, II. 4. p. 288-362. SchaufF- 
 ler, p. 366-72. Eckermann: Gesprache, Register, Bd. 3. 
 Thomas, Introd. v-xl. Coar, Introd. p. ix-xlvi. Encyclop. 
 Brit., biogr. sketch of Tasso by J, A. Symonds. Leigh Hunt: 
 Stories from the Italian Poets. II. 289-339. Goedeke: Goethes 
 Leben, 255-60. W. Biichner: Selbsterlebtes in Goethes Tasso. 
 G-J 15. 178-86. Morris: Goethe-Studien, LI. 22-27. Braun: Goethe 
 im Urtheile, II. 77-78, 85-94. 
 
 (b) PLOT AND CHARACTERS. THEME AND IMPORT.— 
 
 The question of Goethe's change of plan and its effect. Rela- 
 tion of Tasso and Antonio. Estimate of their characters 
 and its bearing upon the import of the drama.
 
 « PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Analysis of plot and structure. The setting. The characters and Tasso's 
 relation to them. The theory of a radical change in plot and import, and its 
 significance (cf. Hettner, Fischer, Kern). Alleged evidences. Denial of 
 inconsistency (cf. Thomas, Kern). — Tasso, his virtues and his faults. The 
 estimate of him by other characters.- Tasso and Antonio. Contrast and conflict. 
 Poet vs. man of affairs. Who at fault? Antonio's conduct and character; how 
 interpreted (cf. Bielschowsky, Luther, Thomas) ? Goethe's sympathy with T. 
 or A.? Did it change (Hettner. Thomas)? Goethe's relation to these characters. 
 1780-90. — Import of the closing scene. "Tasso" a 'Schauspiel' or a 'Traiier- 
 spiel'? 
 
 Bielschowsky, I. Kap. 28. Thomas, Introd. p. xl-lxi. Kuno 
 Fischer: Goethe's Tasso, Kap. 5, 10, 15, 16. Kern: Goethes Tasso 
 und Kuno Fischer, p. 1-32, 66-72. Hettner, III. III. 2. p. 72-83. 
 Luther: Goethe, 106-138. Schrempf: Goethe, II. 240-74. Ecker- 
 mann: Gesprache, Register, Bd. 3. 
 
 *"FAUST. Ein Fragment" (1790). — See Topic 28. 
 
 19. GOETHE AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. 'POLITICAL 
 DRAMAS.' — Goethe's participation: "Kampagne in Frank- 
 reich." Attitude towards the Revolution. Themes and import 
 of his 'Revolutionsdramen.' 
 
 "DER GROSS-KOPHTA" (1792). "DER BUERGERGENERAL" 
 
 (1793). "DIE AUFGEREGTEN" (fragment, 1793?). 
 
 W 17. 17-308; 18. 1-76. H 10. 117-290. J 9. 1-144; 15. 70-119. 
 
 DNL 10. 147-330. C 8. 1-162. 
 
 "Das Madchenvon Oberkirch" (fragment, 1795-96).— W 18. 77-92. 
 
 J 15. 120-29. 
 
 Cursory examination of "Der Gross-Kophta" (equal in length to 
 
 other three), careful study of others, especially of "Die Auf- 
 
 geregten." 
 
 Effects of the French Revolution in Germany. Attitude of the German princes. 
 Revolutionists declare war. Karl August's participation. The campaign. Goethe 
 in the field. At Valmy. His impressions. His visit at Frankfurt. — Goethe's 
 attitude; how explained. "Der Gross-Kophta," a picture of the French aris- 
 tocracy. Cagliostro and the Diamond Necklace. Goethe's treatment of the 
 material. "Der Biirgergeneral," a satire on revolutionary sentiments of the 
 bourgeoisie. Sources and adaptation of material. "Die Aufgeregten," Goethe's 
 solution of the problem. Significance of incidents and characters. — First pub- 
 lication of "Das Madchen von Oberkirch" (189S). Probable plan and import. — 
 General character of these dramas. Reception. 
 
 Briefe: Stein, Register, 3. 307. Eckermann: Gesprache, Register, 
 Bd. 3, s. V. "Biirgergeneral" and "Aufgeregten" (esp. Band 3, Jan. 
 4, 1824). 
 
 Graf, II. 1. p. 4-49, 55-70; II. 3. 124-47. Schauffler, 377-83. 391 93. 
 Goethe: "Unterhaltungen deutscher Ausgewanderten" (1793 95), 
 c. first ten pages, to departure of the Geheimrat. W 18. 93f. H 16. 
 5f. J 16. 165-176. DNL 14. 31f. C 15. 135f. "Hermann und 
 Dorothea." 6. Gesang, 1-80; 9. Gesang, 249-318. W 50. H 2. 
 J 6. DNL 5. C 5.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE « 
 
 Bielschowsky, 11. 26-50. E. Dowden. Pub. of English Goethe 
 Society, \'. 1-27. SchoU, 402-67. For the dramas cf. notes in J. 
 Goed'Cke: Goethes Leben, 290-303. G. Kettner: Goethes "Natiir- 
 liche Tochter," p. 1-14. E. Sauer: Jahrb. d. F. D. H. 1913. 173-98. 
 M. Wundt: Goethes VVilhelm Meister, p. 307-311. Braun: Goethe 
 im Urtheile, II. 106-110; 181-193. On "Das Madchen v. O." cf. 
 Gustav Roethe, in "Nachrichten der Gottinger Gesellschaft der 
 Wissenschaften," 1895,492-514. Schmidt: Charakt. 2. Reihe, 185-94. 
 
 20. "DAS MAERCHEN" (1795).— Analysis and interpretation. Import. 
 
 VV 18. 225-73. H 16. 103-32. J 16. 266-3'J4. DNL 14. 118-52. C 15. 
 211-40. — Edited (for elementary students) by Eggert (Heath). 
 
 Coinposilion. Setting in "Die Unterhaltungen deutscher Ausgewanderten" (cf. 
 Topic 19>. Content. The action and tlie 'actors.' — Theories of interpretation, 
 contemporary and subsequent. A national political allegory (Bielschowsky;? 
 A local masque (Morris)? A mere play of fancy (Goedeke, Diintzcr) ? Goethe's 
 own utterances. 
 
 Graf, I. 316 61, passim. Schauffler, 399-411. 
 
 F. Meyer von Waldeck: Goethes Marchendichtung (Heidelberg, 
 1879). Bielschowsky, II. 50-54. Goedeke: Goethes Leben, 305 308. 
 Morris: Goethe-Studien, II. 29-73. Diintzer: Erlauterungen zu den 
 deut. Klassikern, Hd. 58. Elise Elosser. Euphorion, 13. 58-71. 
 P. Pochhammer. G-j 25. 116-27. Schiller: Brief an Goethe, Auu-. 
 29, 1795 (Briefw., Cotta ed. Bd. 1. p. 109). J. Wahle. G-J 25. 37f. 
 
 21.-REINEKE FUCHS." In zwolf Gesangen (1794). 
 
 VV SO. 1-186. H 5. 21-172. J 6. 1-154. DNL 5. 179-325. C 5. 91-214. 
 — Cantos 1-5 edited, with introduction, notes and bibliography (cf. 
 p. xvii-xix by Holman (Holt). 
 
 Origin and development of the beast-epic. Low and High German versions. 
 Gottsched's version, Goethe's source. Goethe's rendering. Circumstances of 
 composition. Metrical form. Action and 'Characters' of the poem. Personiti- 
 cation and individualization of the animals. Typical characteristics. The element 
 of political satire. Its application. Reception of Goethe's poem. 
 
 Briefe: Stein, Register, 4. 307. Graf, 1. p. 248 7H. H. Schreyer, 
 introd. and commentary, J 6. vi-xi-v, 260-67. Bielschowsky, 11. 122. 
 Goedeke: Goethes Leljen, 308-11. Meyer, Kap. 17 (last 3 pp.). 
 Braun: Goethe im Urtheile, II. 199-220. 
 
 22. GOETHE AND SCHILLER. — Their relations, personal and 
 literary. Correspondence. Mutual influence; its nature and sig 
 nificance. 
 
 Goethe at Stuttgart, 1779. Their meeting in Sept. 1788. Schiller's impressions 
 (cf. letters to Korner). Explanation of Goethe's attitude. His action in Schiller's 
 behalf. Beginning of their friendship, 1794. Schiller's approach and Goethe's 
 res[)onse. Goethe's isolation. Mutual interest and counsel. — Joint labors 
 "Die Horen." "Xenlen." Character of the epigrams. Joint authorship. 
 Goethe's contribution to the 'Balladenjahr.' — Writiniis of Goethe discussed in 
 the correspondence, esp. "Wilhelm Meister" and "I'aust." Characteristics of 
 their correspondence. Personal relations. Goethe with Schiller at Jena. Schiller's 
 removal to Weimar, 1799. Goethe's interest in his dramas. Joint directors of
 
 50 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 the \\'eimar Theater. Schiller's Berlin plans. Goethe's intervention, Schiller's 
 death. May 9, 1805. Goethe's tribute ("Epilog"). His later estimates of 
 Schiller. 
 
 Briefe: "Vom tatigen Leben," letters of Goethe and Schiller (see 
 index, p. 416). J. G. Robertson: Correspondence of Goethe and 
 Schiller. Selections, ed. with introd. (Ginn). Complete ed. by 
 Franz Muncker. Cotta, Weltlit. 4 Bde. Eckermann: Gesprache, 
 Register, s. v. Schiller. Goethe: Ferneres in Bezug auf mein Ver- 
 haltnis zu Schiller. H 27. 3C9-13. J 30. 388-93. — Goethe: Epilog 
 zu Schillers "Lied von der Glocke." H 1. 136-39. J 1. 282-85. 
 Goebel: Goethe's Poems, 129-33. Cf. H. Diintzer. Zeitschrift fiir 
 deutsche Philologie, 26. p. 81-105. Braun: Goethe im Urtheile, 
 U.S.W., III. 111-12. Schiller: Briefe an Korner, 12. Sept., 15. Dec, 
 1788; 2. Feb., 9. Marz, 1789. An Karoline von Wolzogen, 5. Feb., 
 1789. Feuertrunken, p. 420 fif.Schauffler, 411-16. "Xenien": Goethe's, 
 DNL 3. ii. 155-174. Goethe's and Schiller's, complete, J 4. 156-90 
 Critical ed. with Commentary, by B. Suphan, Schriften der Goethe 
 Gesellschaft, Bd. 8 (1893). E. Boas: Goethe und Schiller im 
 Xenienkampf (1851). Cf. Braun: Schiller im Urtheile seiner Zeit- 
 genossen, 11.196-225,259-71. Goethe's Ballads of 1797: Der Zauber- 
 lehrling. Die Braut von Korinth, Der Gott und die Bajadere. H 1. 
 263-74. J 1. 140-53.— Alexis und Dora (1796). H 2. 37-41. J 1. 
 173-79. Goebel, 65. 
 
 Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 5. Geiger: Goethe, Kap. 12. Grimm, 18. 
 Vorlesung (last 5 pp.), 19-22. Vorlesung, passim. Meyer, Kap. 18. 
 Hettner, III. III. 2. p. 195-207. Riemer: Mittheilungen uber 
 Goethe, I. 454-65; II. 339-46. H. von Stein: Goethe und Schiller, 
 p. 6-16, 53-66. B. Suphan, G-J 26.* 1-22. D. Jacoby, G-J 3. 174-88. 
 H. Diintzer, G-J 2. 168-89. (Goethes Bericht iiber seine Ankniipfung 
 mit Schiller). Th. Vogel, G-J 23. 99-115 (Zu Goethes Urtheilen 
 iiber Schiller). 
 
 23. "WILHELM MEISTERS LEHRJAHRE" (1795-96). 
 
 W 21-23. H 17. J 17, 18. DNL 15. i. ii. C 16. 17. 
 General. — Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 6. Geiger, Kap. 15. Meyer, Kap. 
 19. H. Diintzer: Erlauterungen zu den deut. Klassik. Bd. 4. A. W. 
 und K. W. F. von Schlegel: Charakteristiken und Kritiken, I. 
 132-69. Selected bibliography in H. Berendt: Goethes Wilhelm 
 Meister p. vii-x. 
 
 *(a) GENESIS, TO 1786. "WILHELM MEISTERS THEATRALI- 
 SCHE SENDUNG." 
 W 51, 52. Separate edition, with introduction, by Harry Maync 
 (Stuttgart und Berlin, 1911). Gustav Billeter: "Wilhelm Meisters 
 Theatralische Sendung." Mitteilungen iiber die wiedergefundene 
 erste Fassung von "Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahren" (Ziirich, 1910, 
 shortly after discovery). Contains selections, chiefly from Books 
 1 and 2.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 61 
 
 Beginning of "Wilhelm Meister," 1777 (or earlier?). Initial impulse and 
 intention. To be a 'Theaterroman.' Relation to Goethe's experience and ideals. 
 Shakespeare influence. Progress of the work. The Ms. sent to Frankfurt and 
 Zurich. Books 1-6 completed before Italian Journey. Subsequent revision. 
 Books 1-0 of ■■Theairalische ijendung" become Books 1-4, plus chaps. 1-3 of 
 Book 5, of "Lehrjahre." Disappearance of original Ms. of "Sendung." Bil- 
 leter's discovery of the copy, Ziiricb, Jan. 1910. Description. Goethe's friend- 
 ship with Barbara Schulthess. — Content of the "Sendung", with note of prin- 
 cipal variations (esp. in Books 1 and 2) from corresponding part of "Lehr- 
 jahre." Comparative merit of the two versions. 
 
 Briefe: Stein, Register, 2. 305; 3. 307. Graf, I. 2. p. 696-743. Schauff- 
 ler, 417-20. Eckermann: Gesprache. Register, Bd. 3. 
 Billeter, Einleitung, p. v-vii, 1-19. Maync, Einleitung, p. vii-xxxix. 
 H. Berendt: Goethes Wilhelm Meister, Kap. 1, 2, M. Wundt: 
 Goethes W. M., Kap. 3. O. Pniower: Dichtungen und Dichter, 
 p. 37-57. B. Suphan: Goethe und Barbara Schulthess. G-J 13. 
 149-62. B. Leltzmann, Euphorion, 18. 764-65. 
 
 (b) CONTINUATION, REVISION AND COMPLETION, RE- 
 CEPTION. — Relation of the "Lehrjahre" to the "Theatra- 
 lische Sendung." Former hypotheses, in the light of the 
 'Zuricher Fund' (Jan. 1910). 
 
 Beginning of Book 7 of "Sendung." Effect of Italian Journey on progress of 
 the work. Resumption in 1791. Books 7-12 of "Sendung" to be planned. 
 Another pause. Revision decided (1793) and begun. Title changed; reason. 
 General treatment of "Sendung" (= Books 1-4 and Book 5, chaps. 1-3 of 
 "Lehrjahre"). Continuation of Book 5; probable relation to Book 7 (lost) of 
 "Sendung." New matter. Book 6 ('Bekenntnisse einer schonen Seele') 
 as a connecting link between old and new (Books 1-5 and 7-8, resp.). Source 
 and significance of the "Confessions." Original of the 'Schone Seele.' Goethe » 
 addition to her Memoirs (cf. Bielschowsky). Her connection with the stor> . 
 Content and new elements of Books 7 and 8. Unravelling of the plot. Incon- 
 sistencies. The mystic element. Its origin. Schiller's interest and influence 
 (cf. letters). — Earlier theories as to Goethe's change of plan (esp. Eugen 
 Wolff's) and how affected by discovery of the "Theatralische Sendung" (cf. 
 Berendt, Kap. 3). 
 
 Briefe: Stein, Register, 3. 307; 4. 307. Eckermann: Gesprache, IJ. 
 23. Marz, 1829. Graf, I. 2. p. 723-879. Schauffler, 421-28. Schiller's 
 crit. of "Wilhelm Meister": Briefwechsel zw. Schiller und Goethe, 
 cf. Reg. Band 4, p. 242. Cf. O. Plath. Modern Language Notes, 
 \'ol. xxxi. p. 257-67 (May, 1916). 
 
 Maync, Einleitung, p. vii-xxxix. J. Minor: Anfiinge des W. M. 
 G-J 9. 163-87. Eugen Wolff: Mignon (Miinchen. 1909). Kap. 1-5. 7, 
 10-12. H. Berendt: Goethes W. M. Kap. 3-6. M. Wundt: Goethes 
 W. M. Kap. 4, passim. H. Dechent: Goethes Schone Seele u.s.w. 
 (Gotha, 1896). J. M. Lappenberg: S. K. von Klettenberg. Reliquien, 
 nebst Erlauterungen u.s.w. (Hamburg, 1849). Cf. Loeper's ed. of 
 Dichtung und Wahrheit, H 23. Reg. p. 320. Braun: Goethe tm 
 Urtheile u.s.w. II. 162-66, 174-80, 221-35, 238-44, 267-77. 284-303, 
 366-76; HI. 137-42.
 
 52 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 (c) THE CHARACTER AND CAREER OF WILHELM MEI- 
 
 STER. — Import of the work as a 'Bildungsroman.' 
 Text of "Lehrjahre." Billeter's selections from Books 1 and 2 of 
 "Theatralische Sendung." 
 
 Wilhelm's 'Mission', original and modified. 'Erlebtes': wherein Goethe's "gelieb- 
 tes Ebenbild"? Wilhelm as playwright, critic, actor and manager. His ideal 
 of a National Theater. His Shakespeare study. The "Confessions." — Wilhelm's 
 disillusionment. His changed ideal. New experiences and their effect. — Wil- 
 helm's humanity. His virtues and failings. Lover, friend, father. His self- 
 culture; means and aim. Wilhelm and Werner compared in character and 
 development. Significance of the contrast. The import of Wilhelm's career. — 
 (To include a critical analysis of the hero's acts, utterances and relations to 
 other characters, based mainly on a first-hand study of the "Lehrjahre." For 
 relation to Goethe's life and character, cf. Bielschowsky, Meyer and Graf.) 
 
 R. M. Meyer: W. M.'s Lehrjahre und der Kampf gegen den 
 Dilettantismus. Euphorion, 2. 529-38. 
 
 (d) THE OTHER CHARACTERS AND THEIR RELATION 
 
 TO WILHELM. — Mignon and the Harper. The Women: 
 Marianne, Philine, Aurelie; Countess, Therese, Natalie. Die 
 schone Seele. The Men: Melina, Laertes, Serlo; Jarno, 
 Lothario. Minor characters. 
 
 The portraits in "Wilhelm Meister." How delineated. Individualization. 
 Satellites of Wilhelm. Their influence on him. Mignon's relation to Wilhelm. 
 Interpretation of her character and her function in the novel. The pathological 
 element. Her parentage. Hypotheses concerning her (cf. Wolff and Berendt). 
 Her end. — The Harper's role. The contrast with his environment. His mad- 
 ness. Discovery of his past. An interpolation? Import of his and Mignon's 
 fate. Their contribution to Wilhelm's development. — Contrasting types of the 
 'Theaterwelt': Marianne, Philine, Aurelie; of the 'vornehme Welt': Countess, 
 Natalie. Therese, 'the new woman.' Character and history of "die schone 
 Seele." The function of her "Confessions" in the novel. — Men of the theater: 
 Melina, Laertes, Serlo; of the world: Jarno, Lothario. — The Society of the 
 Tower. Its agents, means and ends. 
 
 Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 6, passim. E. Wolff: Mignon, Kap. S-9, 11. 
 H. Berendt: Goethes W. M.. Kap. 3. M. Wundt: Goethes VV. M., 
 Kap. 4. Dechent, Lappenberg, cf. Topic (b). Mobius, I. 93-107. 
 
 *(e) "WILHELM MEISTER" AS A 'THEATERROMAN.' — A 
 chapter from the history of the German Stage. — Dramatic 
 criticism. Shakespeare. 
 
 Text of "Lehrjahre," with use of relevant material in Books 1 and 
 
 2 of the "Theatralische Sendung." 
 
 Wilhelm's early dramatic ideals. The French classical drama. His first attempt 
 (cf. "Sendung," Bk. 2, ch. 3-S). Condition of the German theater. Position 
 of actors. Wandering troupes. Wilhelm as patron, playwright, actor and 
 manager. His problems. Critic of actors and plays. — His introduction to 
 Shakespeare. New ideals. Study and criticism of "Hamlet." The production. 
 ■U'ilhelm as Hamlet. Serlo and his prototype, Schioeoer Brjjinnums of a 
 national theater. Hamburg, Leipzig, Mannheim, Weimar. Goethe's realization 
 of \\'ilhelm's ideal.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 53 
 
 Berendt, Kap. 1, passim. Wundt, Kap. 2, 3, passim. Bohtlingk: 
 Goethe und Shakespeare, 81-122. C. A. Eggert. Euphorion, 4. 
 oUl-17. R. M. Meyer. Euphorion, 2. 529-38. Georg Brandes: 
 William Shakespeare, p. 367, 379-82. Gundolf, 315-21. O. Ludwig: 
 \\ erke (1891), 5. 203f. C. Tomlinson, E. G. S. Pub. V. 67-82. 
 
 24. "HERMANN UND DOROTHEA" (1797). 
 
 VV 5U. 187-208. H 2. 57-126. J 6. 155-232. DNL 5. 31-100. C 5. 
 1-70. — Edited, with introduction and notes, by W. T. Hewett 
 (Heath); with introd. notes and vocabulary, by C. Thomas (Holt). 
 
 Genesis and sources. Theme. The Salzburg story. Goethe's change of tune 
 and place; reasons. Change of import; significance. — The characters and their 
 prototypes. Modifications and additions. Influences on the composition. Reflec- 
 tions of Goethe's experiences and sympathies. Dorothea and Lili Schonemann 
 (cf. Bielschowsky). Goethe's information. His glimpse of war. — Reminis- 
 cences of Goethe's youth. Son and parents. — The locus of Goethe's poem. 
 Reasons for identification with I'oszneck. Physical and personal resemblances. 
 — Technique of the poem. Form and metre. Treatment of the heroic hex- 
 aniet£r; effect. Earlier experiments: Voss. Style. Homeric influence. Blend- 
 ing of antique and modern, of exotic and German. Comparison with Goethe's 
 earlier productions in theme and form ("Gotz" and "Iphigenie"). Reception 
 and place among Goethe's works. — Some resemblances in Longfellow's "Evan- 
 geline" to "Hermann und Dorothea." 
 
 Briefer Stein, Register, 4. 307. Graf, I. p. 79-199. SchaufHer, 430-35. 
 Bielschowsky: Friederike und Lili, p. 153-93. Idem: Goethe, H. 
 Kap. 7. Viktor Hehn: Goethes Hermann und Dorothea (1893). 
 Meyer, Kap. 20, passim. Hettner, III. 111. 2. p. 2U9-15. C. J. 
 Kullmer: Poszneck und Hermann und Dorothea (Heidelberg, 
 191U). Braun: Goethe im Urtheile u.s.w., II. 252-66, 306-12, 328-30. 
 
 25. STUDIES AND WRITINGS IN NATURAL SCIENCE. 
 
 W 2te Abteilung. 13 Bande. Selections: H 33-36. J 39-40. DNL 
 33-36. ii. C 32-35. Required readings: J 39, the following selections 
 (see Inhalt, p. 382): I. Zur Natur- und Wissenschaftslehre. Nos. 
 1, 9, 13. II. Zur Zoologie. Nos. 3, 5, 7. III. Zur Botanik. Nos. 1, 3 
 J 40 (see p. 375): IV. ZufcGeologie. Nos. 1,2. V. Zur Meteorologie. 
 No. 3. VI. Zur Farbenlehre. Vorwort und Einleitung, p. 61-77. 
 Schlusswort, p. 118-20. — For the foregoing selections from J may 
 be substituted those in Erich Schmidt's six-volume ed. of Goethes 
 VVerke, Band 6, p. 431-83. 
 
 Goethe's early scientific interest (anatomy, physiognomy, osteology, etc.). 
 Botanical studies before and after Italian Journey. Practical interest in 
 geology. Fossils. Optical studies. Theory of colors. — Goethe's activity as 
 lecturer, writer and patron. Weather-stations and other experiments. — Signifi- 
 cance of Goethe's scientific studies and writings. Relation of scientist and 
 poet. Influence on his philosophical and political theories. Goethe and Evolution. 
 Max Morris, Einleitungen in J 39 and 40. Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 
 15 (by S. Kalischer, editor of H 33-36). Meyer, Kap. 33. Goedeke: 
 Goethes Leben. 278-90, 466-86. O. Harnack: Goethe in der Epoche 
 seiner Vollendung, p. 93-145. H. S. Chamberlain: Goethe, p. 242- 
 322. H. Helmholtz: Ueber Goethes Naturwissenschaftliche Arbei- 
 ten. Edited by Seidensticker (Holt). H. F. Osborn: From the 
 Greeks to Darwin, p. 181-187. Thomas: Goethe, p. 197-214.
 
 54 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 26. "DIE NATUERLICHE TOCHTER." Trauerspiel (1803). — Gen- 
 esis and sources. Plot and characters. Continuation. Import. 
 W 10. 245-383. H 10. 19-116. J 12. 221-348. DNL 9. 277-389. 
 C 11. 177-272. 
 
 The source: "Memoires historiques de Stephanie-Louise de Bourbon-Conti, 
 ecrits par elle-meme" (Paris, 1798). Contemporary and present estimate of 
 credibility. The persons and incidents discussed. Goethe's interest in the 
 Memoirs. Composition of his drama. Use of material. Critical analysis of 
 plot and characters. Form and style. Strong and weak elements. The heroine. 
 Her relation to her prototype. — Continuation of the trilogy; notes and outlines. 
 Probable course and outcome of the action. Political import. Relation to 
 Goethe's other writings of the period. Reception. 
 
 Briefe: Stein, Register, 5. 311. Graf, II. 3. p. 513-61. Schauffler, 
 360-64. G. Kettner: Goethes Drama, Die Natiirliche Tochter. 
 (Berlin, 1912). Bielschowsky, II. p. 54-67. Meyer, Kap. 23, passim. 
 H. Diintzer: Zur Goethe-Forschung, p. 143-52. Franz Kern: Kleine 
 Schriften, Bd. II. p. 63-73. Braun: Goethe im Urtheile u.s.w. 111. 
 27f, 39f, 42-45, 63-68, 72-75, 79-83, 97-99. 
 
 *27. HELLENIC THEMES: "Achilleis," "Nausikaa." "Pandora."— 
 Epic and drama. Sources, plots and characters. Import. 
 "ACHILLEIS." ErsterGesang (1798).— W 50. 269-94. H 5. 195-223. 
 J 6. 233-56. DNL 6. 123-47. C 5. 71-90. 
 
 Subject of the epic. Relation to the "Iliad." The complete First Canto. Dis- 
 tinctive features. Characterization. Plans for continuation (Cantos 2-8). 
 
 Graf, I. 1-33. Schauffler, 448-51. Morris: Goethe-Studien, II. 129-73. 
 Franz Kern: Kleine Schriften, II. 1-25. Braun: Goethe im Urtheile 
 u.s.w. III. 162f. 
 
 "NAUSIKAA" (fragment, 1787). — W 10. 95-102, 410-23. H 10. 
 533-48. J. 15. 63-69. DNL 10. 81-90. C 13. 254-60. 
 
 Goethe's earlier Homeric studies. In Italy and Sicily. Ulysses among the 
 Phxacians ("Odyssey," Books vi, vii, xiii passim). Earlier and later plans. 
 Treatment of the legend. The tragic motif. 
 
 Graf, II. 3. p. 562-74. Schauffler, 326-33. G. Kettner: Goethes 
 Nausikaa (Berlin, 1912). Morris: G-J 25. 109f. W. Scherer: Auf- 
 satze iiber Goethe, 175f. 
 
 "PANDORA." Ein Festspiel (fragment, 1808). — W 50. 295-344. 
 H 10. 337-84. J 15. 140-78. DNL 10. 99-146. C 12. 43-78. 
 
 The myth of Epimetheus and Prometheus. Goethe's treatment. "Pandorens 
 Wiederkunft." The cypsele. Symbolism. Goethe's 'Confession.' 
 
 Briefe: Stein, Register, 6. ZZZ. Graf, II. 4. p. 21-57. Schauffler, 492-96. 
 Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 11. Meyer, Kap. 25. Morris: Goethe- 
 Studien, I. 249-91. O. Harnack: Essais und Studien. 99-118. 
 W. Scherer: Aufsatze, 264f. A. SchoU: Goethe in Hauptziigen 
 u.s.w., 418-61. U. von Wilamowitz-Mollendorff. G-J 19. p. *1-21. 
 Braun: Goethe, III. 262-65.
 
 U: 'URFAUST'. 1773(?)-7S 
 1441 verses, 318 lines pi 
 (E. Schmidt's ed.) 
 
 F: FRAGMENT. 1790 
 
 A: COMPLETED 1st PART, 1808 
 4612 verses. 59 lines prose 
 (C. Thomas' ed ) 
 
 Introd. to Parts I and II. 1797 
 
 1. Nacht 
 
 (=A JS4-597. 602-1 
 
 I'Die grossc Loc 
 
 = A 606-1867) 
 
 2. Mephtst. Student 
 
 J3J.ll4 = A 1896-'J7 
 
 J41-;i94=A 1910.6.1 
 395-444 = A 2001-50 
 
 3. Aucrbachs Keller 
 
 plus 210 lines prose an. 
 
 249-551 
 
 F, M. 249-346 = A 1770-1867 
 
 Meph. Stud. 347-529 
 
 Fawst. Meph 530-551 
 
 1 Thor 808-1177 
 
 - Meph- Student. 1868-2050 
 Faust. Meph. ...2051-2072 
 
 ,.445-452 3. Auerbachs Keller 552-815 = 5, Aucrbachs Keller.. 
 
 , Str; 
 
 (Italy, 171 
 
 (— 667-68=F and A) 
 
 Spatiiergang 1268-1327 = 9. Spaziergang 
 
 . Der Nachbarin Haus ,1328-1487 = 10. Der Nachbarin 
 
 , Strasse 11 1488-1535=11, Strasse II 
 
 ( = U. plus 3046-47) 
 
 ( = F.'plu's jiiii-si) 
 
 " ''•" ' , ;i', i-'idss) 
 ," = u'i 
 
 , Garten 1536-1664 12, Gart 
 
 . Cirtenhiuschen 1665-1676=1,1 Gar. 
 
 2605-2677 
 2678-2304 
 2805-2864 
 
 1865-3024 
 3025-3072 
 1 
 3073-3204 
 
 3205-3216 
 
 3217-3373 
 
 12. Gretgens Stube 1066-1105 = 12, Grelchens Stuhc 1677-1716 
 
 " •■ ■ " Marthens Garten 1717-1846 
 
 , 1847-1889 
 
 13, Marthens Garten 1106-1235 = 13. Marthen: 
 
 14 Am Drunnen 1236-1277=14 
 
 I 15. Wald und HiShle 1890-2046 I 
 
 - - 14) I 
 
 2047-2079=1 
 
 3544-3586 
 . .3587-3619 
 
 , Dom. Exequien 
 
 der Mutt 
 llixplai 
 
 1311-1371 
 It F and A) 
 
 , Faust. Mcphist |398-143S 
 
 (1398-1407 = A 3650-59. 
 
 3650-59 =U 1398-1407) 
 
 21. Walpurgi 
 
 '""0797)" 
 
 Tag pre 
 
 (= U, Sc. 19) 
 
 3835-4222 
 4223-4398 
 
 25. Kerker 4405-4612
 
 SECOND SERIES- GOETHE 65 
 
 ♦28. "FAUST. ERSTER TEIL" (finished 1806, published 1808). 
 
 Text.— \V 14. H 12. J 13. 1-202. DNL 12. i. C 10. 13-160.— Edited, 
 with critical introduction and notes (Hnglish), by Calvin Thomas 
 (Heath) and by Julius Goebel (Holt). With German introd. and 
 notes by G. Loeper (2. Bearbeitung. Berlin, 1879. Revision of 
 H 12); K. J. Schroer (5. Auilage, Leipzig, 1907); G. Witkowski 
 (Leipzig), including complete text of "Urfaust". Text of Urfaust, 
 Fragment and Erster Tail in parallel columns, ed. by Hans Lebede: 
 Faust Synoptisch (Berlin, 1912). — The complete text of Part First 
 to be studied for all essays under this topic. 
 
 Commentaries. Genesis and interpretation. — Graf: Goethe iiber 
 seine Dichtungen, II. 2. Otto Pniower: Goethes Faust. Zeugnisse 
 und Excurse zu seiner Entstehungsgeschichte (very useful). 
 SchaufHer, 485-92. Eckermann: Gesprache mit Goethe, Register, 
 Band ill. F. Strehlke: Faust Paralipomena (chips from Goethe's 
 \Aorkshop). Jakob Minor: Goethes Faust. Entstehungsgeschichte 
 und Erkliirung. 2 Bande (Part I only. Valuable). Ernst Trau- 
 mann: Goethes Faust. Nach Entstehung und Inhalt erkliirt. Bd. I. 
 H. Baumgart: Goethes Faust als einheitliche Dichtung erklart. 
 Band I. Veit Valentin: Goethes Faustdichtung. Kuno Fischer: 
 Goethes Faust. Bd. 2. 
 
 Elementary. — H. H. Boyesen: Faust Commentary (in "Goethe 
 and Schiller"). Brief exposition, without relation to genesis; 
 inadequate. W. C. Coupland: The Spirit of Goethe's Faust (good 
 'popular' lectures). — Early commentaries, in the main superseded; 
 — H. Diintzer: Goethes Faust, erliiutert. 2 Bde. 1850. J. A. Hart- 
 ung: Ungelehrte Erklarung des Goethe'schen Faust (Parts I and 
 11). 1855. — English translations. — Verse: Bayard Taylor (1879), 
 Anna Swanwick (1850, 1878). Prose (Part I only): A. Hayward, 
 ed. by C. A. Buchheiin. — Bibliography. — For selected general 
 bibliography, see Thomas's ed.. Vol. I, Appendix I. Witkowski's 
 ed. II. 181-88.— General: Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 19. Meyer, Kap. 24. 
 
 •(a) GENESIS OF "FAUST", PART FIRST. Urfaust (U). Frag- 
 ment (F). Der Tragodie Erster Teil (A). 
 
 NOTK. — The gene.sis of U, F and A may be treated as one topic or, in 
 conibinatiou with critical analysis of content and of relation of the respective 
 form to tlie other two, as three separate tojiics. The complete text of .^ 
 and the variants of U and F (see Thomas's ed. .\ppcndix II) to be read for 
 any essay under Topic (a), the text of U and F to be studied for subtopics 
 i. and ii. respectively. For tabular survey of relation of U, F and A, sec 
 opposite. Graf. II. 2. p.- 22-32. 
 
 i. 'URFAUST' (1773P-75). — First published 1887, with critical 
 introduction by Erich Schmidt: Goethes Faust in urspriinglicher 
 Gestalt, nach der Gochhausenschen Abschrift (5. Abdruck. Berlin, 
 1901). DjG 5. 360-445; cf. 6. 530-49. VV 39. 217-39. J 13. 203-60. 
 C 36. 119-88. — Edited (see above) by Witkowski, with commen- 
 tary, and by Lebede, text of U, F and A parallel. For editions of 
 A (readnig required) see above.
 
 56 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Earliest evidence of Goethe's idea of a Faust drama. Hypotheses as to earliest 
 scenes. Records of Goethe's progress before arrival in Weimar. Subsequent 
 allusions, to 1788. The original manuscript. Theories (esp. Scherer's) prior 
 to 1887 as to form and content. Discovery of the Gochhausen copy. Its origin, 
 form and content. The complete 'Urfaust' ? — Comparison with A. Significance 
 of the differences. The missing portions. Theories as to original plans for 
 completion. — Analysis. The two groups of scenes: Faust's revolt; Faust and 
 Gretchen. Relation of each to Goethe's experience. Reasons for his choice 
 and his conception of the Faust theme. Storm and Stress motifs. Gotz — 
 Werther — Faust. 
 
 Erich Schmidt's edition of the 'Urfaust' (see above). Einleitung. 
 Thomas's ed. vol. 1, p. i-x, xxiii-xliv. Goebers ed. p. xxvii-xlix. 
 Witkowski's ed. Bd. 2, p. 55-79. Pniower: Zeugnisse, 1769-1788. 
 Cf. Special-Register, p. 304, for the several scenes. Graf, II. 2. 
 p. 1-47. Minor, Bd. 1. Commentary, p. 1-241, passim; criticism, 
 p. 242-80. Traumann, Bd. 1, p. 32-98; 219-444, passim. J. Collin: 
 Goethes Faust in seiner altesten Gestalt. W. Scherer: Aus Goethes 
 Fruhzeit, 76-121. Aufsatze iiber Goethe, 295-326. J. G. Robertson: 
 The oldest scenes in Goethe's Faust. Modern Language Notes, 
 vol. 15, No. 5 (May, 1900). O. Pniower: Vierteljahrschrift fur 
 Literaturgeschichte, 2. 146-53, 4. 317-35. R. Kogel, ditto, 2. 545-62. 
 B. Seuffert, ditto, 4. 339-42. Niejahr, ditto, 5. 408-30. Idem: 
 Euphorion, 4. 272-87, 489-508. Harnack, Euphorion, 8. 681-85. 
 A. Luther: Goethe, 33-70. Morris: Goethe-Studien. L 1-12. 
 
 ii. "FAUST. EIN FRAGMENT" (1790). 
 
 First edition, Schriften (1787-90), 7. 1-168. Reprint, ed. B. Seuffert. 
 Deut. Litteraturdenkmale des 18. und 19. Jahrhund. No. 5. Lebede, 
 text of U, F and A parallel. — The reading of the 'Urfaust', with 
 Schmidt's Einleitung and portions of Minor's commentary (see 
 above) also required. Study of the text of A prerequisite. 
 
 Goethe's plans for completion of "Faust" in Italy. Resumption of work. 
 Difficulties. — Comparison with 'Urfaust.' Revision of old scenes (Mephisto- 
 pheles-Student, Auerbach's Keller) in content and form. The added fragment 
 of 'Studierzimmer II' (11. 1770-1867). Two new scenes, 'Hexenkiiche' and 
 'Wald und Hohle.' Their content, import and dramatic function; composition 
 of the latter. Political and literary satire in the 'Hexenkiiche'. — Portions of 
 the 'Urfaust' missing; reasons. — Conclusion of the Fragment. Publication 
 and reception. Schlegel's criticism. 
 
 Thomas's ed. L p. xliv-liv. Witkowski's ed. II. 79-86. Graf, II. 
 2. p. 38-54. Pniower: Zeugnisse, 1786-91. Minor, I. 281-373. Trau- 
 mann, I. 99-134, 327-36, 376-83. Henry Wood: Faust-Studien (Ber- 
 lin, 1912), p. 55-87. Braun: Goethe, II. 81f, 84f. Niejahr, cf. i. 
 
 iii. "FAUST. DER TRAGOEDIE ERSTER TEIL" (1808). 
 
 Text. — For editions see above, under general topic-title. Reading 
 of 'Urfaust' also required. 
 
 Resumption of work, 1797. Schiller's influence. Goethe's retrospect in 'Zu- 
 eignung.' Changes in the man and the poet in the quarter-century. The 
 'Vorspiel'; function and import. Manager and poet; the latter's office. — 
 'Prolog im Himmel': significance for the Faust drama. The wager, its terms and 
 import. — ^Filling of "die grosse Liicke" (11. 606-1769) : — 'Nacht,' the second mon- 
 olog and its outcome. .-X new motif. — 'Vor dem Tor' and the sequel, 'Studierzim
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 67 
 
 mer I'. Completion of the compact-scene ('Studierzimmer IT) and union with the 
 I'lagment (at 1. 1769-70). Theories as to old and new matter. The provenience of 
 Alephistopheles and the modification of his relation to Faust. — Completion of the 
 Gretchen Tragedy. Changes in form and content since the 'Urfaust.' The changed 
 conception of i'aust and Gretchen's relation; purpose and result of change. "Wald 
 ' und Hohle' in !•" and A; ground and effect of the transposition. — Completion of 
 
 the Valentin scenes; dramatic purpose and effect. Changed premises of 'Uom' 
 scene. The seciuel of Valentin's murder. — 'VValpurgisnacht': dramatic purpose 
 and symbolism; poetry and satire. Further plans (see Paralipomena). 'Wal- 
 purgisnachtstraum,' an extraneous interpolation; negligible. — The revelation 
 of Gretchen's peril and Faust's return. 'Nacht. Offen Feld' and 'Triiber 
 Tag.' Evidence of early conception of latter scene. Its form and import. 
 Knd of the Gretchen Tragedy. 'Kerker' in U and A compared. Possible end 
 of the Faust drama? Why, or why not? — Publication and reception of 
 "Der Tragodie Erster Teil." 
 
 Thomas's ed., p. liv-lxxiii. Witkowski's ed. Bd. II, p. 86-97. Eiu- 
 leitung in editions of Loeper, Schroer and Schmidt (J 13), passim. 
 Graf, il. 2. p. 54-121. Pniower: Zeugnisse, 1790-1808. Cf. Special- 
 Register, p. 304. Minor, Band II. Traumann, I. 134-219. Strehlke: 
 Paralipomena, p. 25-43. O. Harnack, Euphorion, 8. 681-85. O. Pni- 
 ower, G-J 16. 142-78. G. Witkowski: Die VValpurgisnacht im 
 Ersten Teil von Goethes Faust. Idem, G-J 17. 122-37. Braun: 
 Goethe im Urtheile. III. 157-60, 217-23. Niejahr, G-J 20. 155-96. 
 
 *(b) FAUST'S REVOLT AND ITS SEQUEL. — Mephistopheles' 
 Wager with the Lord and Compact with Faust. — Critical Analysis 
 of the 'Prolog im Himmel' and Part First, through the scene 
 'Hexenkiiche'. 
 
 Mephistopheles in Heaven. His wager. The Lord's terms. Their respective 
 estimates of Faust. — F'aust's first monolog. His resolve. The Earth Spirit. 
 Effect. Faust and Wagner: 'Genie' and 'Pedant.' Source and significance nfi 
 the contrast. — Faust's second monolog. His despair; his last re=' >'■, tlw 
 Easter dawn. — The people's holiday. Faust and Nature. His i>n«'<^ jxils 
 Wagner as foil. Their return; their companion. — Faust's changed moW, 
 His new undertaking. The poodle's metamorphosis and identification. His 
 exit. F'aust's vision. — Mephisto's return ('Studierzimmer II'). F'aust's des- 
 peration. His curse. The bargain. Definition and significance of Faust's terms. 
 Mephisto's confidence. His monolog (11. 1851-67) — Mephisto as student adviser. 
 Import of his counsel. Wherein Goethe's spokesman? — F'aust leaves his 
 'Mauerloch.' Mephisto's first offering and its effect. — Preparation for new 
 experiences. Means and effect of Faust's transformation. Dramatic purpose 
 of the 'Hexenkiiche.' (The foregoing analysis to be based mainly on a detailed 
 study of the acts and utterances of Faust and Mephisto.) — The relation of 
 Faust's revolt to Goethe's inner experience. Storm and Stress elements. 
 Faust and Mephisto as Goethe's spokesmen. F'aust vs. Wagner. Prototypes 
 of Mephisto; points of resemblance. Herder and Faust. — Reflections of 
 Goethe's university impressions. Parallel records in "Dichtung und V\'ahrheit." 
 — Time and place of the action. I'rom what deduced ? 
 
 Text and commentary, ed. Thomas, Goebel, Witkowski, Schroer. 
 Pniower: Zeugnisse, cf. Special-kegister, p. 304. Minor, Band 1 
 und II, passim. Traumann, Bd. I. p. 204-336. G. Jacoby: Herder 
 als Faust, p. 10-43. Dichtung und Wahrheit, Buch 6 u. 10. passim: 
 H 21. 33f, 184. J 23. 40f, 239f. C 20. 225f, 374. Morris: Mephisto- 
 pheles. G-J 22. 150-91; 23. 139-76.
 
 58 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 *(c) THE GRETCHEN TRAGEDY. — Plot and Characters. Place 
 and significance in Faust's career. — Critical Analysis of the scenes 
 "Strasse' ("Mein schones Fraulein, darf ich wagen") to 'Kerker,' 
 inclusive. The preparation, 'Hexenkiiche'. 
 
 The rejuvenated Faust. Meeting with Gretchen. Effect on each. Faust's suit. 
 Mephisto's new role. Martha, his efficient aide. The first 'Garten' scene. 
 Technic of contrast. The two wooers (Faust, Martha). — Faust in retreat 
 ('Wald und Hohle'). His thanksgiving and lament. Mephisto's wiles. His 
 success. Purpose of the scene. Its changed premises (as compared with those 
 of the Fragment). — Gretchen's longing. Faust's return. The 'catechism' 
 scene ('Marthens Garten'). Faust's credo. The oracle. The confession. The 
 sequel. — Gretchen's agony of guilt ('Am Brunnen,' 'Zwinger,' 'Dom'). Her 
 brother. Purpose of the V'alentin scenes; of his murder. — Faust's desertion. 
 The Walpurgisnacht revels. "Abgeschniackte Zerstreuungen." Faust's awaken- 
 ing and wrath. Mephisto's defense. — Gretchen's doom. Faust's attempt. 
 Her atonement. — Faust's passion. Mephisto's error. Faust's conflict and 
 surrender. — 'Erlebtes' in the love-story. Reminiscences of Sesenheim and 
 Wetzlar. Faust's credo and Goethe's. Literary influence in the Gretchen 
 tragedy. Hamlet, Ophelia, Laertes and Faust, Gretchen, Valentin. Mephisto's 
 serenade. 
 
 Text and commentary, ed. Thomas, Goebel, Witkowski, Schroer. 
 Pniower, Minor, as above, Topic (b). Traumann, I. 336-444. 
 A. Kestner: Goethe und Werther, No. 1, 2. Shakespeare: "Ham- 
 let", esp. iv. 5, V. 1, 2. G. Brandes: William Shakespeare, p. 381-82, 
 384. Eckermann: Gesprache, Register, s. v. Faust. 
 
 *(d) THE HISTORICAL FAUST. THE LEGEND. THE FAUST- 
 BOOKS. — Contemporary import. Faust and Luther. 
 
 Contemporary reports of L)r. Faust (lived c. 1480-1540) by Tritheim, Melanc- 
 thon and others. His probable identity, his career and end. — Origin and 
 growth of the legend. "Das alteste Faustbuch" (1587). Later expansion 
 DvCWidmann, 1599, and Pfitzer, 1674) and ultimate abridgement (Der Christlich 
 ' Meynende, 1725). The English Faust-Uook (before 1589) and I?allad. — Aim 
 and import of the Faust-Book. Lutheran tendency. Faust and Luther; 
 resemblances and contrasts. Cljronology. Effect on the legend. E. Wolff's 
 theory of anti-Lutheran tendency of Faustbuch. A parody on Luther( ?) — 
 Goethe's use of the legend in Part First. The compact in "Das alteste Faust- 
 buch" and in Goethe's "Faust." His acquaintance with the Faustbuch. 
 
 Text of "Das alteste Faustbuch" (1587), ed. by W. Braune: Neu- 
 drucke deut. Lit'werke, No. 7, 8 (1878). Facsimile ed. by W. Sche- 
 rer (1884). Text of Faustbuch von einem Christlich Meynenden 
 (1525), ed. by Szamatolski: Deut. Lit'denkmale des 18. u. 19. Jahr- 
 hund. No. 7. — Alex. Tille: Die Faustsplitter in der Lit. des 16. 
 l)is 18. Jahrhunderts, nach den altesten Quellen, p. 1-13. G. Wit- 
 kowski: Der historische Faust. Deut. Zeitschrift fiir Geschichts- 
 wissenschaft. Neue Folge I. (1896-97) 298-350. Oskar Schade: 
 Faust. Voni Ursprung bis zur Verklarung durch Goethe, p. 7-137. 
 Carl Kiesewetter: Faust in der Geschichte und Tradition, p. 2-61. 
 67-112, passim. Traumann, 1. p. 1-23. Kuno Fischer: Goethes 
 Faust, 1. Bd. 65-160. Scheible: Das Kloster, 5. Bd. 1-83. H.Grimm: 
 Die Entstehung des Volksbuches von Dr. Faust. In "Fiinf/ehn 
 Essays." Erich Schmidt: Charakteristiken, p. 8-34. W. Scherer:
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 59 
 
 Kleine Schriften, II. 42-50. Goebel's ed. p. xiii-xxvii. Eugen Wolff: 
 Faust und Luther, Kap. 1-6. 
 
 *(e) THE FAUST DRAMA BEFORE GOETHE. — Marlowe's 
 "Dr. Faustus" (1589). Volksschauspiel. Puppenspiele. Les- 
 sing's Faust-Fragment (1759). 
 
 "The Famous History of Doctor Faustus" (transl. of later ed. of 1587 Faiist- 
 buch). Christopher Marlowe's "Tragical History of the Life and Death of 
 Dr. Faustus." His source, the English Faust-l?ook. Plot and characters of 
 Marlowe's play. His conception of Faust's character; significance. Probable 
 contenijiorary effect. Mutilation of his text. — English players in Germany. 
 Productions of "Faust" in 17th century. Development of X'olksschauspiel. 
 Its probable content. Engel's attempted reconstruction ( ?) Faust on the 18th 
 century stage. Evolution of the Puiipenspiel. Earlier and later specimens. — 
 The fragment of Lessing's Faust and his plan. Significance of his conception. 
 
 Text of English Faust-Book in Thorns' "Early English Prose 
 Roinances", vol. III. p. 163-300; or in "Medieval Tales" (Morley's 
 Universal Library, No. 18), p. 175-287. Text of Marlowe's "Dr. 
 Faustus", ed. with introd. by W. Wagner (Longmans, London 
 Classics). Text of the Geisselbrecht, Uhn, Augsburg (I) and 
 Strassburg Puppenspiele, in Scheible's "Kloster", 5. Band, p. 747- 
 805, 818-883. Doktor Johannes Faust. Puppenspiel in vier Auf- 
 ziigen. Hergestellt von Karl Simrock. A. Bielschowsky: Das 
 Schwiegerlingsche Puppenspiel vom Doktor Faust (with parallel 
 texts and critique). Text of Lessing's Faust (in Literaturbrief 17). 
 R. Petsch: Lessings Faustdichtung (cf. First Series of Essays, 
 Topic 11, b). — Cursory examination of Karl Engel's "Das 
 Volksschauspiel Doktor Johann Faust" (cf. Joh. W. Bruinier: 
 Das Engelsche Volksschauspiel .... als Falschung erwiesen). 
 W. Creizenach: Versuch einer Geschichte des Volksschauspiels 
 vom Dr. Faust, Kap. 1-3. A. Bielschowsky, see above. C. H. Her- 
 ford: Literary Relations of England and Germany in the 16th 
 Century, p. 185-203. Schade: Faust, p. 138-226. Traumann, I. 
 23-31. Kuno Fischer: Goethes Faust, 1. Bd. p. 161-200. Idem: 
 Lessing als Reformator, 1. Bd. p. 143-174. Engel's ed. Biihnen- 
 geschichte, p. 27-141. 
 
 *29."DIE WAHLVERWANDTSCHAFTEN" (1809). — Genesis. 
 Minna Herzlieb. Bettina Brentano. Plot and Characters. 
 Import. Reception. 
 W 20. H 15. J 21. DNL 13. 171-418. C 19. 
 
 The author's original intent. What changed it. Goethe and Minna Herzlieb. 
 The record of his experience. — Bettina. Her visit to Goethe. Their corre- 
 spondence. — "Sonette." — Plot and technic of the story. Use of letters and 
 diaries. Scenic background. — The four main characters and their prototypes. 
 Goethe and Frau von Stein again. Nature and significance of the conflicts 
 and the issue. The psychological element, the pathological, the supernatural. 
 The secondary characters and their function. Mittler's office. — Ethical import 
 of the novel. Goethe's purpose, as he defined it. Contemporary interpretation 
 and estimate.
 
 60 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Brief e: Stein, Register, 6. Zii; 7. 323. Eckermann: Gesprache, 
 Register, s. v. Schauffler, 499-504. Graf, I. 362-488. Goethe: Sonette. 
 H 1. 209-18. J 2. 1-13 and notes. Bettine von Arnim: Goethes 
 Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde (pub. 1835), ed. H. Amelung, Ein- 
 leitung, p. v-xxi; corresp. with Goethe's mother, p. 9-21 (1. Marz- 
 16. Mai, 1807); with Goethe, p. 82-108, 322-28 (15. Mai-13. Aug. 
 1807, 29. Feb. 1810). Bielschowsky, 11. Kap. 10. Meyer, Kap. 26. 
 Geiger, Kap. 18. A. Luther: Goethe, 139-69. A. F. Poncet: Les 
 Affinites Electives de Goethe. Commentaire critique (Paris, 1910). 
 H. Grimm: Fiinfzehn Essays. Erste Folge, Bd. I. 239-57. Aug. 
 Hesse: Minchen Herzlieb (Berlin, 1878). Morris: Goethe-Studien, 
 II. 174-77. Chr. Semler: Goethes Wahlverwandtschaften und die 
 sittliche Anschauung des Dichters. B. Seuffert. Vierteljahrschr. 
 fiir Lit'gesch. 2. 467f. O. Walzel: Goethes Wahlverwandtschaften 
 im Rahmen ihrer Zeit. G-J 27. 166-206. Braun: Goethe im Urtheile 
 u.s.w., III. 212-15, 224-45. 
 
 30. THE LAST QUARTER-CENTURY. — From the Death of 
 Schiller (1805) to the Death of Goethe (1832). 
 General, for respective topics. — Briefe: "Vom tatigen Leben," 
 
 p. 133-414 (cf. index, p. 416). Eckermann: Gesprache; cf. index 
 of persons and topics. Band 3. Goethe: Annalen, J, Band 30. 
 Schauffler, Kap. xi-xii. — Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 12, 16, 17, 20. 
 Meyer, Kap. 25, 27, 30, 35. Geiger, Kap. 17, 18, 21-23, 25, 30. 
 
 (a) PUBLIC EVENTS AND GOETHE'S PART IN THEM 
 (after 1805). — Statesmanship. Political Theories and Ideals. 
 The Napoleonic Wars. Goethe and Napoleon. War of 
 Liberation. Sequel. 
 
 Goethe's part in public affairs after the Italian Journey. Effect of the French 
 Revolution in Germany and on Goethe. Diplomatic problems in Weimar. 
 Foreign relations. The 'Furstenbund' (1785). — The Napoleonic Era. 'Rhein- 
 bund' (July, 1806). Battle of Jena (Oct. 14, 1806). The peril of Weimar. Humili- 
 ation of Prussia. Tilsit. (July, 1807). Napoleon at Erfurt. Meeting with 
 Goethe (Oct. 2, 1808). Goethe's attitude toward Napoleon. Explanation. — 
 The 'Befreiungskrieg' (1813-14). Goethe's position. 1814. "Des Epimenides 
 Erwachen." Theme and import. Genesis and stage production. — 1815. Con- 
 gress of Vienna (1814-15). The new order. C^Joethe's attitude. New develop- 
 ments. Nature and origin of Goethe's theories and ideals. 
 
 Briefe: "Vom tatigen Leben," p. 142-61 passim, 169-70, 190-92. 
 Eckermann, see above. Stein, s. v. Napoleon, Register, 6. 336; 
 8. 375. Schauffler, 484f. — Bielschowsky, I. 310-28; II. 26-28, Zi-i7; 
 41-55, 67-76, 150-56, 313-20, 325-39, 462-69, 476-77. A. Scholl: 
 Goethe, 462-84. O. Harnack: Goethe in der Epoche seiner Vol- 
 lendung, 233-90. Chamberlain: Goethe, p. 209-216. Henderson, 
 II. chap. 6, 7. Thomas: Goethe, chap. 7, in part. 
 "DES EPIMENIDES ERWACHEN." Ein Festspiel (1814). 
 W 16. 331-62. H 11. i. 157-203. J 9. 145-82. DNL 11. ii. 300-348. 
 C 8. 163-96. — Goethe's "Theater-Program" and Loeper's Ein- 
 leitung H 11. i. 101-155. Graf, II. 1. 296-408. Schauffler, 539-43. 
 Morris: Goethe-Studien, I. 269. H. Morsch, G-J 14. 212-44.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 61 
 
 (b) POET AND AUTOBIOGRAPHER. — "West - Oestlicher 
 Divan." "Dichtung und Wahrheit." 
 (Note. — These works are unrelated except as to period of 
 composition. May be chosen as separate essays, with luller 
 treatment of each topic.) 
 
 i. "WEST-OESTLICHER DIVAN" (1819). — Marianne von Wil- 
 lemer. 
 W 6. H 4. 1-225. J 5. 1-144. DNL 4. 212. C 3. 15-127. — Read 
 Books I-III, VII-IX, XII. Most convenient edition is H, with 
 abundant footnotes. Excellent brief introd. in C and notes in J. 
 Exhaustive commentary by Goethe: Noten und Abhandlungen 
 zu besserem \'erstandnis des West Oest. Divans. W 7. H 4. 
 227-374. J 5. 145-316. DNL 4. 213-362. C 3. 121-360. 
 
 Genesis of the "Divan." Marianne von W'illemer. Her contribution to the 
 "Divan." Hatem and Suleika. Sources and inlluenccs. Oriental element. 
 Themes and spirit. 
 
 Briefer Stein, Register, 7. 322, 323 (s. v. West-Oestl. Divan, W'ille- 
 mer). Theod. Creizenach: Briefwechsel zwischen Goethe und 
 Marianne von W'illemer (Stuttgart, 1878). Graf, 111. 2. p. 1-127, 
 passim; for typical index see III. 2. p. 1211-1217. Schauffler, 543-47. 
 Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 13. Meyer, Kap. 27. Geiger, Kap. 22. 
 Konrad Burdach, G-J 11. 1-18; 17. p.* 1-40. H. Grimm: Fiinfzehn 
 Essays, Erste Folge, Ed. 1, p. 258-87. A. F. J. Remy: Influence 
 of Indian and Persian Poetry on the Poetry of Germany, chap. 4. 
 
 ii. "AUS MEINEM LEBEN. DICHTUNG UND WAHRHEIT" 
 (1811-1833). 
 
 W' 26-29. H 20-23. J 22-25. DNL 17-20. C 20-21. — Read about 
 100 (if treated alone 200) pages, chosen from Books 1, 3, 5-7, 9-12, 
 16-19. For outline of foregoing see Topics 1 (a), 2, 4, 5, 8 (a) and 
 11. — Selections edited, with introd. and notes, by H. C. G. von 
 Jagemann (Holt). — (To be a critical examination, not a summary 
 oi Goethe's Autobiography.) 
 
 Inception of the work (cf. Goethe's Vorrede). Aim and scope. The title. 
 Goethe's sources. Bettina's contribution. Method of composition. Publication 
 in four parts (1811, 1812, 1814, 1833). Periods covered by respective parts. 
 Characteristics of form and content. Portrayal of persons and incidents. 
 Value as a biography, as a supplement to Goethe's 'confessions.' Continuations: 
 "Italienische Reise" (1815), "Tag- und Jahreshcfte" (1823f). 
 
 Briefe: Stein, Register 6. 332. 7. 322, 8. 373. Graf, I. p. 35-36. 
 Schauffler, 527-31. Eckermann: Gesprache, Register, s.v. Dichtung 
 und W^ahrheit. — Bettine von Arnim: Goethes Briefwechsel mit 
 einem Kinde, 25. Okt. 1810 to end of 1810 (Amelung's ed. p. 369- 
 98). Geiger: Goethe, Kap. 20. K. Jahn: Goethes Dichtung und 
 Wahrheit (Halle. 1908). Loeper's F.inleitung. H 23. Meyer's Ein- 
 leitung, J 22.
 
 62 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 (c) PRIVATE LIFE AND FAMILY RELATIONS. 
 
 Marriage, 1806. Minna Herzlieb and Bettina Brentano (cf. Topic 29 and 
 Geiger, Kap. 18). The last ten years with Christiana. Her death, 1816. 
 August von Goethe, 1789-1830. Ottilie von Pogwisch. Their children. Later 
 history of the family. — Goethe's last love, Ulrike von Levetzow (1823). 
 Facts disclosed in her old age (1898) (cf. Geiger, Kap. 25). "Marienbader 
 Elegie" (cf. "Vom tatigen Leben," pp. 333-37. H I. 187-91. J 2. 206-11).— 
 Literary and scientific labors (without detail). The 'sage of Weimar.' Relations 
 with foreign men of letters: Scott, Byron, Carlyle et al. His opinion of Eng- 
 lish writers (cf. Eckermann: Gesprache, Register, s.v. ; also under Englische 
 Literatur). — Goethe's literary aides, Riemer and Eckermann. The former's 
 "Mittheilungen uber Goethe." Other intimate friends: Soret, Knebel, Zelter. 
 ■ — The 50th anniversary, Nov. 7, 1825. Honors conferred. — The passing of 
 kin and friends (Herder, 1803; Anna Amalia, 1807; his mother, 1808; Wie- 
 land, 1813: Christiane, 1816: Karl Aiisnst, 1828, and nuchess Luise, 1830; 
 his son, 1830; (cf. "Vom tatigen Leben," p. 374f, 386f, 391f).— Last labors, 
 "W'anderjalire" and "Faust." Editing and publication of the correspondence 
 with Schiller, 1827-29. The dedication to King Ludwig L of Bavaria. Last 
 birthday at Ilmenau. The end, March 22, 1832 (cf. ."Vom tatigen Leben," 
 p. 411-14, and Eckermann, Band II, last paragraph). Some characteristics 
 of Goethe the man (cf. Geiger, Kap. 29). 
 
 Briefe: "Vom tatigen Leben," p. 133-414, passim (esp. letters to 
 and from Mother, Christiane, Karl August, Zelter, Bettina Bren- 
 tano, Willemers, Levetzows). Eckermann: Gesprache (1823-32); 
 cf. Register. Schauffler, Kap. xi, xii, passim. Annalen, J 30. 
 passim. Graf: Aus G's Tagebiichern. Riemer: Mittheilungen, I. 
 41-183, passim. R. Steig: Jhb. d. F. D. H. 1904. 339-60. Stein: 
 Briefe, Reg. 7. 324, s.v. Byron; 8. 371-76, s.v. Byron, Carlyle, Scott. 
 Geiger: Goethe und die Seinen, p. 66-224, 345-67. Bielschowsky, 
 II. Kap. 12, 16, 17, 20, passim. R. Wustmann: Weimar und 
 Deutschland 1815-1915. Schriften der Goethe-Gesellschaft, Bd. 30 
 * (1915), p. 34-64. C. Schiiddekopf: Goethes Tod (Leipzig, 1907). 
 
 *31."WILHELM MEISTERS WANDERJAHRE, oder Die Entsa- 
 genden" (1821, 1829). — Genesis and plan. Critical Analysis 
 (exclusive of tales). — The didactic element. 
 W 24, 25. i. H 18. 25-420. J 19, 20. DNL 16. C 18. — Parts to he 
 studied: Book I, chap. 1-4, 6 (except letters) 7, 11, 12. Book II. 
 chap. 1, 2, 6, 7 (first ten paragraphs and, at end, letters of 
 Leonardo and Abbe and the 'Zwischenrede'); in W or J, chap. 8, 
 10; in H, DNL or C, chap. 9, 11 (cf. Graf. I. 2. p. 906). Book III. 
 chap. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9. 11, 12, 14. 17, 18. — Acquaintance with "Wil- 
 helm Meisters Lehrjahre" is prerequisite. 
 
 Wilhelm Meister at the close of the "Lehrjahre." Plans for a sequel. Begin- 
 nings of the work. Method of composition. Interpolated tales. Their publica- 
 tion. — .\nalysis of content (cf. Graf, I. 2. p. 701-5, 888). The course of 
 Wilhelm's development. His experiences. Reappearance of characters from the 
 "Lehrjahre." New characters. The Uncle and his kin. — The Pedagogical 
 Province. Felix's education. Theories of secular and religious instruction. 
 Manual labor. The individual and society. — The 'Weltbund,' aims and ideals. 
 Commercial and industrial problems. The age of machinery. Effects. Emigra-' 
 tion to the New World. The ideal state. Laws and government. Culture and 
 service. 'Denken und tun.' — The part of each person in the new ordfr. 
 Wilhelm's calling. — The editions of 1821 and 1829 (cf. Graf, I. 2. p. 904-908). 
 Changes and additions. Reception of the work.
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 63 
 
 Briefe: Stein, Register. 6. 333. 7. 323, 8. 373. Graf, I. p. 876-1071. 
 Eckermann: Gesprache, Register, s. v. Schauffler, OU3-()9o. -=- Biel- 
 schowsky, 11. Kap. 18. Meyer, Kap. 31. M. Wundt: Goethes 
 VVilhelm Meister, Kap. 6. O. Harnack: Goethe in der Epoche 
 seiner VoUendung, 272-82. 
 *(a) EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY OF THE 
 "WANDERJAHRE." — An intensive critical study of Goethe's 
 theories and their application in the 'Padagogische Provinz' 
 and in the Ideal State. 
 Bielschowsky and Meyer, as above, passim. W. C. Burkhardt: 
 Darstelhing und Besprcchung der padagogischen Provinz u.s.vv. 
 (Jena, 1903). K. Jungmann: Die padagogische Provinz. Euphorion, 
 14. 274-87, 517-33. 
 
 »(b) INTERPOLATED TALES IN THE "WANDERJAHRE."— 
 Their content, literary character, and relation to the work 
 proper. 
 
 (1) "Sankt Joseph der Zweite." Buch I, Kap. 2. (2) "Die pilgernde 
 Thorin" (transl. from French). I, 5. (3) "Wer ist der Verrather?" 
 I. 8, 9. (4) "Das nussbraune Madchen." I. 11. (5) "Der Mann 
 von fiinfzig Jahren." II. 3-5. (6) "Die neue Melusine." 111. 6. 
 (7) "Die gefahrliche Wette." III. 8. (8) "Nicht zu weit!" III. 
 10.— (About tvi'o-fifths of book.)— Graf, I. 701-703; cf. Register, 
 p. 1157-58. Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 18, passim. H. Maync, 
 Euphorion, 18. 481-82. 
 
 *32. "FAUST. DER TRAGOEDIE ZWEITER TEIL in funf Akten" 
 (finished 1831, published 1833). 
 Text.— VV 15. i. H 13. J 14. DNL 12. ii. C 10. 161-383.— Edited. 
 with critical introduction and notes (English), by Calvin Thomas 
 (Heath). With German introd. and notes (cf. Topic 28) by 
 G. Loeper, K. J. Schroer (4. Aufl. 1903) and G. Witkowski. Study 
 of I'art First is prerequisite. Commentaries (cf. Topic 28). — 
 Graf, Pniower, Traumann, Rd. 2, Baumgart Bd. 2, Coupland. Eng- 
 lish translation. — Bayard Taylor, Anna Swanwick. Selected Bib- 
 liography: Thomas's ed. I. Appendix I. Witkowski's ed. II. 
 181-88.— General; Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 19. Meyer, Kap. 32. 
 
 *(a) GENESIS AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS..— The "Helena" as 
 the Axis of Part Second. — The use and modification of 
 legendary material. 
 
 Reasons for the bi-partition of the poem. Earliest work on Part II. The 
 starting-point, the "Helena" of 1800. Other beginnings. The plan as out- 
 lined in 1816. The impulse to resumption of work in 1824. Progress. The 
 completed Third .\ct : "Helena. Klassisch-romantische Phantasmagorje. 
 Zwischenspiel zu Faust" (1827). The 'antecedents' of the "Helena," as 
 outlined 1826. Changes and additions since 1816. Evolution and function of 
 the "Klasslsche Walpurgisnacht." Completion of Act I. Motivation of the 
 later action. Relation of Act IV to .\cts III and I, respectively. The prem- 
 ises of Act V. Faust's new activity. Its result. Earlier and later plans for
 
 64 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 the ending. The one finally adopted. (In connection with the foregoing history 
 of the composition, a critical analysis of the dramatic action — without inter- 
 pretation or characterization — is to be given.) Sequence and unity of the 
 action of Part II as a whole. — Relation of Part II to the legend. Faust and 
 Helen in the Faustbuch. Faust's end. 
 
 Graf, II. 2. p. 81-608, passim. Pniovv^er: Zeugnisse, 1797-1832. Cf. 
 Regist. p. 304. Thomas's ed. Introd. chap. 1. Witkowski's ed. 
 II. p. 97-106. Einleitung in editions of Loeper, Schroer, and Erich 
 Schmidt (J 14), passim. Traumann, 11. p. 1-110. Baumgart, II. 
 p. 1-27. — Bielschowsky, II. Kap. 19, passim. Meyer, Kap. 2)2, 
 passim. Morris: Paralipomena zu Goethes Faust. Goethe-Studien, 
 11. 200-204, 222-232. Veit Valentin: Goethes Faustdichtung, 146-62, 
 197-233. A. Gerber and Veit Valentin: M. L. N. 12. 69-79. 13. 431- 
 43, 462-71; 14. 204-15; 15. 387-402, 467-82; 16. 193-209, 285-98. 
 S. Nagel: Helena in der Faustsage. Euphorion, 9. 43-69. 
 
 *(b) FAUST'S CAREER IN THE SECOND PART. — Transition. 
 In the 'Great World'. His new quest and its attainment. 
 A new ideal. The achievement. The verdict. — Relations of 
 Faust and Mephistopheles. An analj'sis of Faust's acts, 
 utterances and experiences, with reference to the dramatic 
 and poetic element, but without detailed discussion of the 
 ethical or philosophical import. 
 
 Significance of the opening scene. Faust's introduction at the Emperor's court. 
 His role in the 'Mummenschanz.' The sequel. Symbolism of the Mothers. 
 The spell of the Ideal Beautiful and its quest. The negation: Mephistopheles 
 and the Ideal Ugly. The nature and office of Homunculus. His quest. — - 
 F'aust and Helen. The symbolism of their union and of Euphorion. His 
 prototype. Helen's legacy. Faust's transformation. The cause and the etfcct. 
 "Die Tat ist alles." The Emperor again. Faust's opjjortunity. His reward. — 
 Faust aet. 100. The nature and the goal of his labor. His limitations. The 
 fate of Philemon and Baucis and the consequences. — The role of Mephisto- 
 pheles in Part II. Faust's dependence. Its significance. Faust's emancipation. 
 The 'clearing-up.' The end. The outcome. 
 
 Thomas's ed. Introd. chap. II. Witkowski's ed. II. 107-33. Biel- 
 schowsky, Meyer, cf. Topic (a). Traumann, II. p. 111-382, passim. 
 Baumgart, 11. p. 28-513, passim. Coupland, chap. 8. Thomas 
 Carlyle: Goethe's Helena. Critical and Miscellaneous Essays. 
 
 *(c) THE ETHICAL IMPORT OF "FAUST", PARTS I and II.— 
 
 Faust's career and end. Mephistopheles' wager with the 
 
 Lord and compact with Faust. The salvation of Faust and 
 
 the defeat of Mephistopheles. 
 
 To be based on a critical study of the poem as a whole, especially 
 
 of Prolog im Himmel, Studierzimmer II and Act V of Part 
 
 Second. Minor, I. 297-317; II. 72-104, 180-209. Pniower, cf. 
 
 Special-Register, p. 304. for references to respective scenes and 
 
 also s. V. Conception. Idee, etc. Fr. Theodor Vischer: Goethes 
 
 Faust. Beitrage, p. 205-60, 285-346. Baumgart, Bd. I. Kap. 7, 8, 10; 
 
 Bd. II, Kap. 15, 16. Traumann, 1. 204-19, 281-305; II. 310-82
 
 SECOND SERIES: GOETHE 6-=^ 
 
 Thomas, Introd. chap. 111. Witkowski, II. 138-43, 161-76. A. 
 Luther: Goethe, 170-208. Morris: Goethe-Studien, II. 222-232. 
 John Owen: 'I'lie Five Great Sceptical Dramas of History, 109-67, 
 171-275. Hermann Tiirck: Eine neue Faust-Krklarung. W. Splett- 
 stdsser: Der Grundgedanke in Goethes Faust (Berlin, 1911), 
 176-91. 
 
 *(d) GOETHE'S "FAUST" ON THE STAGE. — The Adaptations 
 of Devrient, Wilbrandt and Witkowski. Other productions. 
 
 The lirst stage-production of Part I. (1829. Braunschweig, Jan. 19; Weimar, 
 Aug. 29). Goethe's interest. Laroche's account. Subsequent productions. 
 First production of Part II (1854). The staging of the complete drama by 
 Devrient, 1876. His treatment of the text. Omissions and modifications. 
 Wilbrandt's version, 1883. Possart's production. 1895. The latest adaptation, 
 by Witkowski, 1906. A recent French condensation. — Problems involved in 
 staging "Faust." Solutions of the several adai)ters. — Musical compositions. 
 The lyrics. Incidental music. The Euphorion scenes.- — Operas based on (ioelhe'it 
 text. Part I only: Gounod's "Faust" (1859). Parts I and II: Uoito's 
 "Mefistofele" (1868; abridged, 1875). 
 
 Text of Goethe's Faust, Parts I and II, compared with the follow- 
 ing: Otto Devrient: Goethes Faust. Fiir die Auffiihrung als 
 Mj'sterium in zwei Tagewerken eingerichtet. Karlsruhe, 1877. 
 Adolf Wilbrandt: Goethes Faust. Fiir die Buhne in drei Abenden 
 eingerichtet. Wien, 1900. Georg Witkowski: Goethes Faust. 
 Erster und Zweiter Teil. Fiir die Buhne eingerichtet. Leii)zig 
 (1906). Reclam. Univ. Bibl. 4811-12. Graf, II. 2. p. 8-10. Pniower, 
 cf. Spec. Register, p. 304, s. v. Inszenierungen. Witkowski's ed. 
 of "Faust," II. 177-80. Idem: Einleitung zu der Biihnenbearbei- 
 tung. Schroer's ed. of "Faust", Bd. I, p. cxi-cxxii. Idem: Die 
 Auffiihrung des ganzen Faust (1883). Calvin Thomas: The Com- 
 plete Faust. Nation (N. Y.), vol. 62 (1896), p. 340-41. H. G. Graf: 
 Goethes Anteil an der ersten Faust-Auffubrung in VVeiinar. 
 (Weimar, 1904). Kuno Fischer: Goethes Faust, Bd. II, 104-li), 
 134-36. W. Creizenach: Die Biihnengesthichte des Goethescheu 
 Faust (1881). Eugen Kilian: Goethes Faust auf der Buhne (1907). 
 Karl Engel: Das Volksschauspiel u.s.w. (cf. Topic 28e). Biihnen- 
 geschichte. p. 141-96. 
 
 Max Nordau: "Faust" in Paris, Vossische Zeitung, 23. Dez. 1912. 
 Libretto of Gounod's "Faust" and Boito's "Mefistofele" pub. by 
 C)liver Ditson Company (Boston), with Engl, transl. Cf. Rupert 
 Hughes: Music Lovers' Cyclopedia (N. Y. 1912i, p. 314-15, 322-24 
 Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians (N. Y. 1910), I. 355-.'t).
 
 «6 NOTES AND ADDENDA 
 
 Contents of Goethes Schriften. 8 Bande. Leipzig. Goschen. 1787-1790. 
 Band I. 1787. Zueignung. Die Leiden des jungen Werthers. 
 Band II. 1787. Gotz von Berlichingen. Die Mitschuldigen. 
 Band III. 1787. Iphigenie auf Tauris. Clavigo. Die Geschwister. 
 Band IV. 1787. Stella. Der Triumph der Empfindsamkeit. Die Vogel. 
 Band V. 1788. Egmont. Claudine von Villa Bella. Ervirin und Elmire. 
 Band VI. 1790. Torquato Tasso. Lila. 
 Band VII. 1790. Faust, ein Fragment. Jery und Bately. Scherz, List 
 
 und Rache. 
 Band VIII. 1789. Puppenspiel. Prolog zu Bahrdt. Vermischte 
 
 Gedichte, I. und II. Sammlung. Kiinstlers Erdewallen. Kiinstlers 
 
 Apotheose. Die Geheimnisse.
 
 NOTES AND ADDENDA «^ 
 
 /
 
 68 NOTES AND ADDENDA
 
 6J» 
 
 Third Series : Schiller 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 
 
 References to Schiller's Works are to the following editions, which 
 are cited in the order named and by means of the abbreviations noted: 
 
 1. SS Schillers Sammtliche Schriften. Historisch-Kritische Ausgabe. 
 
 Herausgegeben von Karl Goedeke. 15 Bande. Stuttgart, 1868- 
 76. — References in Schiller literature to 'Werke' are to this 
 edition unless specified otherwise. 
 
 2. B Bellermann. — Schillers Werke. Herausgeg. von Ludwig Bel- 
 
 lermann. 14 Bande. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig und 
 Wien (1895-96). (Price, 28 Marks; vols. 1-8 separately, 16 Mks.) 
 
 3. S Sakular. — Schillers Samtliche Werke. Sakular-Ausgabe. Heraus- 
 
 geg. von Eduard von der Hellen (and eight collaborators). 
 16 Bande. Stuttgart und Berlin (1904-05). (Price, 32 Marks.) 
 
 4. DNL Kiirschners Deutsche National-Litteratur. — Schillers Werke. 
 
 Herausgeg. von R. Boxberger und A. Birlinger. 12 Theile in 
 16 Banden. Berlin und Stuttgart (1882-89). (Price, Mk. 3.50 
 per vol.; sold singly.) 
 
 5. C Cotta. — Schillers Samtliche Werke. Herausgeg. von Karl 
 
 Goedeke. 16 Bande. Stuttgart. Cottasche Bibliothek der Welt- 
 literatur. (Price, 1 Mark per vol.; sold singly.) 
 The standard edition is SS, which prints the original text (regard- 
 less of errors) and provides a complete critical apparatus. The text 
 of some of Schiller's works, particularly the earlier ones, became 
 corrupted through careless reprints. The elaborate apparatus of this 
 edition enables the student to trace the history of the text through 
 the various stages of corruption and restoration, and makes it the 
 'final authority' on questions of variant readings. It has good 
 brief introductions by the general editor, Karl Goedeke, but no 
 notes other than textual, and is therefore less adapted to the earlier 
 stages of Schiller study than B, S or DNL, which have excellent 
 introductions (recommended) and some notes. B has a brief textual 
 apparatus. Of these editions B and DNL are more complete than 
 S, which omits certain variant texts of importance (such as the stage 
 version of "Die Rauber" and "Fiesco", the early form of "Don 
 Carlos"). DNL is the only ed. besides SS td include Schiller's adapta- 
 tions of "Nathan der Weise" and "Egmont." C has brief introduc- 
 tions, but no notes. Like S it is incomplete. The standard critical 
 editions of the unfinished dramas, including "Demetrius," and dramatic 
 fragments are G. Kettner's "Schillers Dramatischer Nachlass" (1895) 
 and "Schillers dramatische Entwiirfe und Fragmente" (1899). Editions 
 of single works with English introductions and notes are mentioned 
 when available. The best 'working edition', on the whole, is B, sup- 
 plemented by vols. 3, 4 and 7 of DNL. The student's library of first-
 
 70 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 
 
 hand material should also include Jonas's edition of Schiller's letters, 
 Streicher's "Schillers Flucht" and Petersen's or Biedermann's 'Ge- 
 sprache' (see below). 
 
 No complete edition of Schiller's works appeared during his life. 
 A five-volume ed. of his dramas, with the title "Schillers Theater" 
 was in progress at the time of his death. The first complete ed., in 
 12 vols., was undertaken by his friend Korner in 1812. Many others 
 followed, including the Hempel ed., uniform with the same publisher's 
 ed. of Lessing and Goethe. All are included in the recent revision 
 of the Hempel editions under the title of 'Goldene Klassiker.' Another 
 recent ed. of Schiller not cited here is that of Otto Giintter und Georg 
 Witkowski. Historisch-kritische Ausgabe. 20 Bde. Leipzig (1911). 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Complete bibliography, to 1893, in GOEDE- 
 KE'S "Grundriss zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung," Band V, 
 97-237. For annual bibliography, since 1890, see the "Jahresberichte 
 fiir neuere deutsche Literaturgeschichte." The most important editions 
 and critical works are enumerated in BARTELS' "Handbuch zur 
 Geschichte der deutschen Literatur" (2. Aufl. 1909), p. 312-35. (A 
 most useful manual of bibliography for ready reference. 859 pp. 
 Price, 6 Mks.) — For bibliography of the Minor Storm and Stress 
 Dramatists, including Gerstenberg, see Goedeke, Bd. IV. 106, 304-21, 
 343-49, 412-15. Bartels, 209-10, 287-95.— Critical estimate of all im- 
 portant works on Schiller in LUDWIG'S "Schiller und die deutsche 
 Nachwelt." (See index of authors.) Journals most often referred to 
 here are "Vierteljahrschrift fiir Literaturgeschichte" (1888-93) and 
 "Euphorion" (since 1894); also the "Goethe-Jahrbuch" (1880-1913). 
 
 SOURCES. — First-hand information about Schiller's life and 
 works is to be found in (a) BRIEFE. Kritische Gesamtausgabe 
 herausgeg. von F. JONAS. 7 Bande (numbering more than 2000 
 letters, with classified indexes at end of vol. 7). Stuttgart usw. (1892- 
 96). Cited as 'Jonas' or 'Briefe'. Should invariably be consulted in 
 preparation of essays. Brief selection by E. KUEHNEMANN: "Aus- 
 gewahlte Briefe" (2 small vols, in the 'Hausbiicherei' series @ 1 Mk.). 
 Most important letters to 1789, with some letters to Schiller and 
 extracts from Streicher, under the title "Feuertrunken". Herausgeg. 
 von H. BRANDENBURG. 'Biicher der Rose' series. Miinchen, 1909. 
 (Price, Mk. 1.80.) Best selectiop for period covered; recommended for 
 general collateral reading. Shorter sel., to July, 1787, by M. HECKER: 
 "Die Briefe des jungen Schiller." (Pr. Mk. 2.) None of these three 
 selections is indexed. — Schiller's correspondence with Korner is to 
 be had complete in the Cottasche Bibliothek der Weltliteratur 
 (1 Mk. per vol.), 4 vols.; with Lotte von Lengefeld, 3 vols.; with 
 Goethe, edited by Franz Muncker and fully indexed (cited as 
 Muncker), 4 vols. Good sel. from the correspondence of Goethe and 
 Schiller by Robertson (Ginn).— (b) BRIEFE AN SCHILLER. 
 Herausgeg. von L. URLICHS. Stuttg. 1877. (c) A. STREICHER: 
 "Schillers Flucht von Stuttgart und Aufenthalt in Mannheim von 1782
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 71 
 
 bis 1785." Stuttgart, 1836. (Published anon.) Reprinted in Cottasche 
 Handbibliothek (Mk. 1.20); cited as Repr. (Also in Reclani's Univer- 
 salbibl. and other eds.) An intimate account of this period; valuable. 
 —(d) Karoline von WOLZOGEN (Schiller's sister-in-law): "Schiller's 
 Leben. verfasst aus Erinnerungen der Familie usw." Stuttg. u. Tiibin- 
 ,tren, 1830. (Pub. anon.) Repr. in Cottasche Bibl. der Weltlit. (1884). 
 Valuable for later years. — (e) 'GESPRAECHE.' — Contemporary 
 reports of Schiller's utterances or 'conversations', and of opinions 
 about him (including extracts from Streicher, Wolzogen, Eckermann's 
 "Gesprache mit Goethe" etc.). Edited by J. PETERSEN: "Schillers 
 Gesprache". Leip. 1911 (Price Mk. 3) and by F. Freiherr von BIE- 
 DERMANN: "Schillers Gesprache und andere Zeugnisse usw." Leip. 
 (Pr. Mk. 3). The most complete collection of this sort is "Schillers 
 Personlichkeit. Urteile der Zeitgenossen und Dokuniente" by M. Hecker 
 and J. Petersen. 3 Bde. Weimar, 1904-09.— (f) CHRONOLOGY.— 
 •Schiller's KALENDER vom 18. Juli, 1795-1805." Herausgeg. von 
 Emilie von Gleichen-Russwurm (Schiller's daughter). Stuttg. 1865. 
 Neue Ausg. von Ernst Mijller, 1895. A valuable source for last ten 
 years of Schiller's life and work.— E. MUELLER: "Regesten zu 
 Schillers Leben und Werken." Leipzig, 1890. A complete chronological 
 survey, in tabular form, of life and works, including references to 
 the numbered letters in Jonas's edition. 
 
 BIOGRAPHY AND GENERAL CRITICISM.— The brief life 
 by James SIME: "Schiller". Blackwoods Foreign Classics (Price 40c) 
 is recommended as an introduction. For it may be substituted the 
 elementary "Schiller-Buch" of Ernst MUELLER, written in simple 
 German (Pr. 1 Mk.). For more advanced students, the excellent 
 sketch by GOEDEKE in SS 1. 15-96, or T. ZIEGLER'S "Schiller". 
 Leipzig, 1905 (Teubner series. 'Aus Natur und Geisteswelt.') The 
 standard critical biography in English is by CALVIN THOMAS. 
 "The Life and Works of Schiller." New York, 1901. (Price, $1.50.) 
 Of the more recent critical biographies in German three have been 
 left incomplete through the death of their authors. The first two 
 were planned on a monumental scale. (1) RICHARD WELTRICH: 
 "Schiller. Geschichte seines Lebens und Charakteristik seiner Werke." 
 Band 1. Stuttgart, 1899. The one vol. (900 pp.) covers only the period 
 to Schiller's flight from Stuttgart. Contains exhaustive study of "Die 
 Rauber" and the "Anthologie." (2) JAKOB MINOR: "Schiller. Sein 
 Leben und seine Werke. Band I. u. II. (pp. 591, 629) Berlin, 1890. 
 Complete through "Don Carlos." Valuable for study of genesis and 
 sources of four early dramas.— (3) OTTO BRAHM: "Schiller." Bd. I. 
 Bd. II. Erste Halfte. Berlin, 1888, 1892. Complete to 1794.— The best 
 complete work, referred to throughout this Syllabus, is by KARL 
 BERGER: "Schiller. Sein Leben und seine Werke." 2 Bde. (pp. 633, 
 824) Miinchen, 1904, 1908. (Price, Mk. 14.) Uniform with Biel- 
 showsky's "Goethe". Excellent on the critical side is EUGEN 
 KUEHNEMANN'S "Schiller". Munchen, 1905. (Price, Mk. 6.50).
 
 72 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 
 
 Translated by Katherine Royce. 2 vols. Boston and N. Y. 1912 (Pr. 
 $3.00). A splendidly illustrated and well written biography (less 
 emphasis on criticism) by JAKOB WYCHGRAM: "Schiller, dem 
 deutschen Volke dargestellt." Bielefeld u. Leipzig, 1893. — Shorter 
 biographies: OTTO HARNACK: "Schiller". Berlin, 1898. (Pr. Mk. 6.40) 
 A good book (though somewhat uneven in treatment) of moderate 
 size. ALBERT LUDWIG: "Schiller. Sein Leben und Schaffen." 
 Berlin, Wien, 1912. Uniform with Geiger's "Goethe"; less fully illus- 
 trated. (Price, Mk. 6). L. BELLERMANN: "Schiller." Leipzig, 
 Berlin u. Wien, 1901 (Pr. Mk. 5). Uniform with Witkowski's "Goethe"; 
 illustrated. — The first scholarly biography, by Karl Hoffmeister: 
 "Schillers Leben, Geistesentwickelung und Werke." 5 Bde. Stuttgart, 
 1838-42, is still interesting, particularly for a study of the development 
 of Schiller criticism. The favorite biography was long that by Emil 
 Palleske: "Schillers Leben und Werke." 2 Bde. Berlin, 1858-59 (15. 
 Aufl. 1900). More sympathetic than critical; rhetorical in style. Like 
 Stahr's "Lessing", did important service in popularizing literary biog- 
 raphy. Translated by Lady Wallace: "Life and Works of Schiller." 
 London, 1860. H. Diintzer's "Schillers Leben". Leip. 1881 (transl. by 
 Percy E. Pinkerton, London, 1883) was of minor importance. The 
 first biography in English was by THOMAS CARLYLE, London, 
 1825. Reprinted in Lovell's Literature Series and in many other edi- 
 tions. Transl. into German, with a preface by Goethe, in 1830. A 
 famous book, valuable in its day for the interest it stimulated among 
 English readers. Contains some appreciative criticism still ivorth 
 reading, but very unequal in treatment and necessarily wholly inade- 
 quate. The "Life of Schiller" by H. W. Nevinson, in the 'Great Writ- 
 ers Series', London, 1889 (uniform with RoUeston's "Lessing" and 
 Sime's "Goethe") is readable in parts, but is sometimes inaccurate 
 and often so unsympathetic as to be uncritical. A brief introduction 
 in H. H. Boyesen's "Goethe and Schiller." The treatment of Schiller 
 in the larger histories of German literature is generally unsatisfactory. 
 
 CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM.— J. W. BRAUN: "Schiller im 
 Urtheile seiner Zeitgenossen." 3 Bde. Reviews of contemporary 
 critics arranged in chronological order. First-hand material, to be 
 consulted for all topics dealing with the reception of Schiller's works. 
 
 SPECIAL CRITICISM.— DRAMAS.— The most valuable work 
 for the study of the plays is LUDWIG BELLERMANN'S "Schillers 
 Dramen. BeLtrage zu ihrem Verstandnis." 3 Bde. 4. Aufl. Berlin, 
 1908. Bellermann's criticism deals with the plot and characters, dis- 
 cussing mooted questions and troublesome passages. Little attention 
 to genesis and none to literary sources and influences, topics treated 
 by Berger, Minor and Thomas. Indispensable to the advanced student 
 and the teacher. More detailed commentary, with formal analysis of 
 plot and structure, in O. FRICK'S "Wegweiser durch die klassischen 
 Schiildramen." 2. und 3. Abteilung. Brief technical analysis in H. Un- 
 bescheid's "Beitrag zur Behandlang der dramatischen Lektiire." The
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER "3 
 
 pioneer commentary on Schiller (and other classical authors) was 
 H. Diintzer's "Erlauterungen zu den deutschen Klassikern." Valuable 
 as a collection of material, but diffuse and unnecessarily detailed. — 
 KARL WHITBRECHT'S "SchUler in seinen Dramen". 2. Aufl, Stutt- 
 gart, 1907, contains excellent interpretative criticism, with little tech- 
 nical detail. Suggestive criticism of the characters, especially with 
 reference to stage-production, in H. BULTHAUPT'S Dramaturgic 
 des Schauspiels", Bd. I. ROBERT PETSCH: "Freiheit und Notwen- 
 digkeit in Schillers Dramen". Miinchen, 1905, is a suggestive study 
 of the so-called 'fate-element', which has sometimes been misinter- 
 preted, notably in "Wallenstein" and "Die Braut von Messina." An 
 interesting interpretation of this phase in Wolfgang Kirchbach's 
 "Friedrich Schiller, der Realist und Realpolitiker" (1905). A collec- 
 tion of essays and brief comments (theater notices) which emphasize 
 the reality and the essentially modern features, psychological and 
 political, of Schiller's characters. — Valuable studies dealing with one 
 or more of the dramas are the following (see General Bibliography) : 
 E. Miiller, on "Kabale und Liebe." A. Kontz: "Les Drames de la 
 Jeunesse de Schiller." Karl Werder, on "Wallenstein." W. Fielitz: 
 "Studien zu Schillers Dramen" (Wall., M.S., J. v. O.). G. Kettner, 
 on "VVilhelm Tell." — A book formerly much used (but now less 
 esteemed) in the stud}' of Schiller's dramatic structure and charac- 
 terization is Gustav Frevtag's "Technik des Dramas." 1863. 9. Aufl. 
 1910. Transl. by MacEwan, Chicago, 1895. A convenient elementary 
 handbook on this subject is Elizabeth Woodbridge's "The Drama. Its 
 Law and its Technique" (1898). — An interesting brief study of the 
 development of Schiller's theory of dramatic form, of the inner 
 technique, by Emil Heusermann: "Schiller's Dramen." Leipzig, 1915 
 (cf. esp. Chap. IV, on "Wallenstein"). (Another recent contribution 
 to Schiller study, by F. Schnass: "Der Dramatiker Schiller. Dar- 
 stellung seines Werdens und Wesens," Leipzig, 1913, the editor has 
 not been able to obtain. Said to be important.) 
 
 HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY, ESTHETICS.— An excellent intro- 
 duction to Schiller's philosophical writings by E. C. WILM: "Schil- 
 ler's Philosophy." Boston, 1912, and by E. KUEHNEMANN: SchU- 
 lers philosophische Schriften und Gedichte" (Philosoph. Bibl. Bd. 103). 
 A lucid exposition, in simple style, by KUNO FISCHER: "Schiller- 
 Schriften". Band III. Concise estimate of Schiller's place in the 
 history of German thought in M. KRONENBERG'S valuable "Ge- 
 schichte des Deutschen Idealismus" (Miinchen 1912), Band II. Kap. 
 15. Convenient critical analyses of the several essays by P. Geyer: 
 Schillers asthetisch-sittliche Weltanschauung." 2 Theile. Concise 
 estimate of historical w^ritings by J. JANSSEN: "Schiller als Histori- 
 ker." — Exhaustive scholarly studies by K. Berger: "Schillers Aesthe- 
 tik." E. Kiihnemann: "Schillers Kantische Studien nsw." K. Toma- 
 schek: "S. in seinem Verhaltnis zur Wissenschaft." F. Ueberweg: "S. 
 als Historiker und Philosoph."
 
 Program of Topics 
 
 NOTE. — For explanation of the asterisk (*), of topic-divisions, 
 bibliographical references, etc., see Note, page 7. For abbreviations, 
 see page 2. Read carefully the Instructions, page 3, and the Bibli- 
 ographical Note, page 69, before beginning vi^ork. — Observe that the 
 General references treat the subject as a whole and are to be included, 
 for the relevant portion, in the bibliography of each subtopic, although 
 not there repeated. 
 
 1. SCHILLER'S BOYHOOD AND YOUTH.— Marbach (Nov. 10, 
 
 1759-1761. Cannstadt und Ludwigsburg (1761-63). Lorch 
 (1763-66). Ludwigsburg (1766-1773). In the Military 
 Academy at Ludwigsburg (Jan. 16, 1773-1775) and Stuttgart 
 (1775-Dec. 15, 1780). 
 
 "Bericht uber sich selber usw." "Schulreden".— SS 1. 13-26, 31-37, 
 61-70, 95-102. B 13. 409-44. S 16. 307-22; 11. 3-18. DNL 12. ii. 508- 
 39. Jugendgedichte.— SS 1. 4-8, 27-30, 40-52, 106-08, 120-25, 178-83, 
 185-95. B 9. 13-40. S 2. 3-19. DNL 1. 353-58; 2. 41-74. 
 
 Home and parents. Their character and influence. Traits and incidents of 
 childhood. Early schooling. Plans for the future. - — Duke Karl Eugen's 
 school. His 'invitation.' Schiller enters. Life at the 'Karlsschule' (properly so 
 called only after 1781). Student of law and medicine. Schoolmates and 
 teachers. Military discipline and its effect. "Bericht fiber sich selber." 
 Estimate by fellow-pupils. Standing with the Duke. Progress in professional 
 studies. Clinical reports. The expected release; disappointment. Completion 
 of the course (Dec. IS, 1780). Graduation thesis: "Zusammenhang der 
 tierischen Natur des Menschen mit seiner geistigen." SS 1. \i7-77. B 
 13-458-99. S 11. 41-79. DNL 12. ii. 463-501. (Reading of thesis not required.) 
 — Private reading and study at the Academy: Rousseau, Shakespeare, Goethe, 
 etc. Influence and results. Goethe's visit (Dec. 1779). — Earliest attempts in 
 poetry and prose. Themes and import of typical poems (Elegie auf den 
 Tod eines Jlinglings, Leichenphantasie, Der Abend, Der Eroberer, Die 
 Schlacht, usw.) Prose writings. Theme and style of 'Schulreden'. His 
 first dramas (not jireserved). "Der Student von Nassau." Beginning and 
 progress of "Die Rauber" (without detail). 
 
 Briefe usw: "Feuertrunken", p. 22-49; cf. also p. 5-18 (father) and 
 49-61 (clinical reports etc.) Hacker, p. 3-20. Jonas, Band 1. No. 
 1-5 (reports, No. 6-13). 'Gesprache', ed. von Biedermann, p. 11-51; 
 or Petersen, p. 5-32. 
 
 Two of the following: Ludwig, p. 1-57. Harnack, Kap. 1. Thomas, 
 chap. 1. Wychgram, Kap. 1 und 2, and one of these: Berger, Band 
 I, Kap. 3-5 (p. 38-126). Brahm, Band I, p. 50-110.— On the poems: 
 Minor, L 118-92, passim. Kuhnemann, 13-23. Petsch, 42-48. 
 
 2. "DIE RAEUBER." (A) Published 1781 as "Ein Schauspiel." 
 
 SS 2. 14-204; 15. 327-32. B 2. 11-158. S 3. 1-156. DNL 3. 1-139. 
 C 2. 13-136. — Edited, with brief introduction and notes, by G. Wit- 
 kowski, in 'Meisterwerke der deutschen Biihne.'
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 75 
 
 (B) Published 1782 as "Ein Trauerspiel." Theaterausgabe. 
 SS 2. 205-335. B 12. 237-344. DNL 3. 141-217. 
 
 General (for all topics, in part). — Berger, I. Kap. 7; Kap. 6, 8, 
 
 passim. Brahm, I. 111-141. Ludwig, 64-81. Thomas, chap. 2. 
 
 (a) GENESIS AND SOURCES (of A). PLOT AND FORM.— 
 
 Schubart's "Zur Geschichte des menschlichen Herzens." 
 
 Other influences in plot. 'Erlebtes.' — Technical structure. 
 
 Language and style. 
 
 The initial impulse. Origin of the theme. Plot and characters of Schubart's 
 story (1775). His counsel. — Composition begun (1777). Progress and inter- 
 ruption. Schiller's use of Schubart's story. Vital changes; reasons. Completion 
 of "Die Rauber". Final changes. — Publication. — Critical analysis of plot and 
 motivation. Strength and weakness. Technical structure. Relation of the 
 brothers. The separate actions (Acts I-IIl); the climax; their union (Acts 
 IV, V). — Storm and Stress characteristics of language and style. Significance 
 of the ending. — Some questions of probability and of taste: Hermann's mes- 
 sage. Franz's suit. The Robbers' victory. Meeting of Karl and Amalia, etc. 
 — Reflections of Schiller's environment and experience. Time and place of 
 action. Time-intervals. Contemporary and local allusions. — Reminders of 
 earlier plays, in plot and motivation. The hostile brothers. Rivals in love. 
 The Kosinsky episode. The 'Ilungerturm'. Lcnz's "Die beiden Alten" (cf. 
 Topic 3, c). 
 
 Briefer Jonas, I. p. 34, 35f (No. 15, 16). "Feuertrunken", p. 70f. 
 Hecker, p. 22f. 'Gesprache', ed. von Biedermann, p. 52-54, 60f; 
 ed. Petersen, p. 26f, 33f. Schubart's story: DNL 3. p. iv-vii. — 
 General, see above. — Bellermann, Beitrage, Band 1. p. 61-84. 
 Berger, I. 139-50, 161-67. Minor, L 292-304. Weltrich, L 183-200, 
 284-87, 345-63. Kiihnemann, 63-74. Weitbrecht, 56-73. A. Kontz: 
 Les Drames de la Jeunesse de Schiller, p. 207-256. R. Steig: 
 Schiller's Graubiindner AfTare. Euphorion, 12 (1905). 233-62. — 
 Pfleiderer, VV. Die Sprache des jungen Schiller usw. In (Paul 
 und Braune's) Beitrage zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache 
 und Literatur. xxviii. Band. Halle, 1903 (pp. 273-424). Kasch, 
 Friedrich. Mundartliches in der Sprache des jungen Schiller. 
 Greif.swald, 1900 (Dissertation). 
 (b). THE CHARACTERS. LITERARY INFLUENCES. IM- 
 PORT. CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM.— Reception and 
 influence. Schiller's own Review. 
 Text of the 'Schauspiel' (A). — Vorreden and Selbstrezension: SS 
 2. 4-13, 2m-?>7, 354-75. B 13. 167-70, 180-201. S 16. 10-41. DNL 12. 
 ii. 131-56. C 2. 13-16; IS. 182-205. 
 
 The contrast of the brothers. How portrayed. Cardinal traits of each. Franz's 
 intrigue. His motives; his protest; his logic. Franz and Amalia. His tool, 
 Hermann. Franz's blunders. The father. — Karl's past. His repentance. His 
 thirst for deeds. Indictment of the age. The letter and its effect. The robber- 
 band. The three groups. Their doings. Karl's disillusionment. Karl and the 
 Pater. The battle and its sequel. Karl's memories. His oath. Kosinsky's tale 
 and its effect. In Franconia. Karl at the castle. His dilemma: "To be or 
 not to be." The discovery and the consequences. Karl's baffled hope. His 
 self-judgment; its significance. — Consistency and reasonableness of the brothers' 
 conduct. Schiller's own criticism. His estimate of other characters. Con- 
 temporary reviews by Timme and others. — Earlier dramas of hostile brothers.
 
 76 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 The relation of Schiller's brothers ' to those in Klinger's "Die Zwillinge" 
 and Leisewitz's "Julius von Tarent." Resemblances and essential differences. 
 Ideal of the noble bandit. Cervantes. Karl Moor and Gotz von Berlichingen. 
 Influence of Shakespeare's "'Richard III" and "Lear" on the characterization 
 of Franz. — Social and political import of "Die Rauber." Karl's quarrel with 
 society. Nature and significance of the protest. The author's intent; alleged 
 or real? His 'Vorreden' and 'An das Publikuni.' The malady and the cure 
 (cf. Schiller's motto and that added in 2d edition). The import of Karl's fate. 
 
 General, see above. — Bellermann: Beitrage. I. 84-97. Berger, I. 
 148-60,167-73. Minor, I. 304-41, 410-20. Petsch, 59-79. Kiihnemann, 
 29-63, 74-114. Weitbrecht, 33-56. Weltrich, I. 363-84, 393-406. 
 Bulthaupt, I. 247-58. Carlyle: Life of Schiller (Century ed.), 15-24. 
 Kontz, 257-69. Braun: Schiller im Urtheile seiner Zeitgenossen, I. 
 1-7 (Timme), 9-21 (Schiller), 26-27, 32-64 (Klein). 
 (c) STAGE VERSION OF "DIE RAEUBER."— Comparison of 
 
 the 'Schauspiel' and the 'Trauerspiel.' — First performance. 
 
 Later influence. — A sequel planned. 
 Text of the 'Trauerspiel', see above. Text of the 'Schauspiel' is 
 prerequisite. Schiller's 'Selbstrezension', cf. (b), above. 
 "Die Braut in Trauer" (sequel). SS 15. ZiZ-2,7. B 10. 281-86. S 8. 
 301-05. DNL 8. 190-94. C 16. 277-79. 
 
 Dalberg and his theater. His approach and Schiller's response. The proposed 
 adaptation. Dalberg's requirements. Schiller's concessions. External and in- 
 ternal changes. Effect on plot and motivation. Hermann and Daniel, Pastor 
 Moser, Karl and Amalia. The changed ending, in respect to Franz and Amalia, 
 as played Jan. 13, 1782, and as published in the 'Theaterausgabe.' The vital 
 change in Karl and its effect. — Respective worth of the two versions. Schiller's 
 own opinion (cf. letters to Dalberg and 'Selbstrezension'). The first per- 
 formance. Schiller's hopes. A second trip to Mannheim and the consequences. 
 Later productions. Pliimicke's adaptation. — Attitude of the critics and the 
 authorities. Alleged consequences. Effect on later German drama. — Plans for 
 a sequel. 
 
 Brief e: Jonas, L p. 36-59, 208, 252. "Feuertrunken", p. 63, 72-79. 
 Hecker, 24-36. Streicher, 39-41; Reprint, 34-36. Braun: Schiller 
 im Urtheile usw., \, 21-26. 
 
 Bellermann, I. 97-104. Berger, L 173-88. Minor, L 386-420. Welt- 
 rich, I. 384-93, 406-20. Bulthaupt, I. 237-58. Kirchbach, 58-61. 
 Kontz, 269-75. Thomas, 58-62. Wychgram, 66-76. 
 
 *3. MINOR DRAMATISTS OF THE STORM AND STRESS.— 
 Gerstenberg, a forerunner. Leisewitz. Klinger. Lenz. 
 H. L. Wagner. Maler Miiller. 
 Note. — For the Origins of the Storm and Stress, see Program of 
 Second Series, Topics 6 (a) Rousseau and 6 (b) Hamann and 
 Herder. For Goethe's contribution, see Topics 7 (b) "Gotz von 
 Berlichingen", 8 (c) "Werthers Leiden" and 28 (a) i, 'Urfaust.' 
 These topics may be included in the Program of the Third Series. 
 Acquaintance with these works of Goethe and with Schiller's 
 "Rauber" and "Kabale und Liebe" should precede the study of 
 any author under this topic. 
 
 General Introduction, to precede the study of any of the fol- 
 lowing topics: Hettner, III. IIL 1. p. 1-20. A. Sauer: Stiirmer
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER " 
 
 und Dranger. Einleitung. DNL Band 79, p. 1-56. Bielschowsky : 
 Goethe. 1. Kap. 9. Kontz: Les Drames de la Jeunesse de Schiller, 
 136-46. Gundoli: Shakespeare und der deutsche Geist, 252-69. 
 
 References to the several writers are to the selected woiks, 
 edited by August Sauer: Sturmer und Dranger. 3 liande. DNL 
 79-81, and by Karl Freye: Sturm und Drang. 4 Teile (abbrev. SuD) 
 
 *(a) i. GERSTENBERG (1737-1823): "Ugolino" (1768). 
 
 S u D 1. Teil, p. 1-51. DNL 48. 205-69. (Revision. 1815.) 
 
 Ileinrich Wilhelm von Geistenberg's career as dramatist and critic (brief 
 sketch). "Briefe iiber Merkwiirdigkeiten der Litteratur" (1766-67). Service 
 to study and production of Shakespeare. — Genesis and source of "Ugolino." 
 The real Ugolino and his fate (1289). Dante's story: "Divine Comedy." In- 
 ferno, chap. 33. — Plot and characters of the diama. Realism. Tragic effects. 
 Lessing's criticism (Brief an Gerstenberg, 25. Feb. 1768; G's answer. May?, 
 1768). Herdor's review: Werke, eA. Siiphan, 4. 308f; cd. Diintzer, 23. 85f. 
 
 Freye, S u D 1. Teil, p. xiii-xxi. Hettner, IIL IIL 1. p. 93-102. 
 M. Jacobs: Gerstenbergs "Ugolino", ein Vorlaufer des Genie- 
 dramas. Berliner Beitrage zur germanischen und romanischen 
 Philologie, Bd. xiv (1898). Lessings Briefe: Werke L-M 17, No. 
 195; 19. No. 229. H 20. i. No. 143; 20. ii. No. 118. 
 
 ii. LEISEWITZ (1752-1806): "Julius von Tarent" (1776). 
 
 DNL 79. 317-75. S u D 1. Teil, 55-108. Herausgeg. von R. M 
 Werner. Deut. Lit'denkmale No. 32. — Some acquaintance with 
 "Die Rauber" is prerequisite. 
 
 Johann Anton Leisewitz's career. A friend of Lessing. — The Hamburg Prize. 
 The three competitors and their common theme. The common source of Leise 
 witz and Klinger. The latter's victory and its reason. Leisewitz's chagrin.^ 
 The plot and characters of "Julius von Tarent." The contrasted brothers. 
 Significance of their traits. — The locus of the drama. Typical Storm and 
 Stress characteristics. Influence on Schiller's early plays. 
 
 Sauer, DNL 79, 307-15. Freye, S u D 1. Teil, xxi-xxvii. Schillers 
 Briefe: Jonas, I. No. 65 (14. Apr. 1783). Hecker, p. 73f. Hettner, 
 in. III. 1. p. 310-13. Thomas: Schiller, p. 35-37, 187-88. Minor: 
 Schiller, L 301-08; XL 548-51. Werner's ed., Einleitung. G. Schaaps. 
 Mod. Lang. Review, 6. 9-22. E. Wolff. Zeits. fur deut. Philol. 21. 
 39f. W. Kiihlborn: Leisewitzens J. v. T. Erlauterung usw. 2. Teil. 
 *(b) KLINGER (1752-1831). "Die Zwillinge" (1776). "Sturm und 
 Drang" (1777). 
 DNL 79. 1-124. S u D 3. Teil, 61-113, 195-251. "Das leidende 
 Weib" (1775). S u D 3. Teil, 9-59.— Acquaintance with "Die Riiuber' 
 is prerequisite. 
 
 Friedrich Maximilian Klinger's early life. His struggle and rise. Goethe's 
 friendship and help. K's visit at Weimar (June, 1776). Breach with Goethe. 
 Subsequent reconciliation. Goethe's later estimate (in "Dichtung und W'ahr- 
 heit").— Klinger's early plays. Theme of "Das leidende Weib." Brief analysis. 
 Genesis and source of "Die Zwillinge" (cf. under Leisewitz, Topic 3 (a) ii). 
 Plot and characters. The hostile brother. His protest; his lust of deeds. The 
 passivity of Ferdinando. His fate. Influence on "Die Rauber." — "Sturm und 
 Drang." The original title. The incoherent action. Import (cf. Kurz). Time 
 and place. The Characters. — Language and style of Klinger's plays. Storm 
 and Stress elements. Wherein typical? — Klinger's later career (briefly). His 
 changed literary ideals.
 
 '8 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Sauer, DNL 79. p. iii-xvi. Freye, S u D 1. Teil, p. lix-lxxviii, Erich 
 Schmidt: Lenz und Klinger, 62-115. W. Kurz: F. M. Klinger's 
 •'Sturm und Drang". Hettner, III. III. 1. p. 220-33; III. III. 2. p. 
 355-71, passim. Goethe: Dichtung und Wahrheit, 14. Buch. Werke, 
 H 22. 147-50 (cf. 400-405). J 24. 188-92. Briefe an Merck, 24. Juli, 
 16. Sept. 1776; an Lavater, 16. Sept. 1776 (Stein: Goethe-Briefe, 
 2. p. 57, 65, 66).— Minor: Schiller, I. 301-308. Max Rieger: Klinger 
 in der Sturm und Drang Periode, p. 18-24, 47-65, 86-105, 145-73, 
 189-204. O. Heuer: Fr. Max. Klinger. Jhb. d. Freien Deutschen 
 Hochstifts. 1902,309-24. O. Erdmann: Ueber K's dram. Dichtung, 
 p. 1-29. Thomas: Schiller, p. 35-37. Schaaps, Wolff, Top. (a) ii. 
 
 *(c) LENZ (1751-1792): "Der Hofmeister" (1774). "Die Soldaten" 
 (1776). DNL 80. 1-135. S u D 2. Teil, 59-178. "Die beiden 
 Alten" (1776). S u D 2. Teil, 179-196.— Acquaintance with 
 "Die Rauber" and "Kabale und Liebe" is prerequisite. 
 
 The early life and education of Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz. His Strass- 
 burg period. Shakespeare enthusiasm. "Anmerkungen iibers Theater": 
 Gesammelte Schriften, ed. Ludwig Tieck (1828), Bd. II. 199-229. Transla- 
 tions: "Amor vincit omnia" ("Love's Labor's lost"), ibid. Bd. II. 230-97. — 
 Friendship with Goethe. Lenz and Friederike Brion (cf. Second Series, Topic 
 5 (a): "Wo bist du itzt"? "Ach bist du fort"? "Die Liebe auf dem Lande." 
 DNL 80. p. 217, 218, 231f. SuD 2. Teil, p. 12f, 33f. Lenz as a lyric poet. 
 Gedichte: DNL 80. 211-71. No. 3, 5, 11-14, 24-26, 42, 44, 51, 52, 59. SuD 
 2. Teil, 11-57, passim. — Lenz at Weimar (April-Nov. 1776). Relation with 
 Frau von Stein and others. Eccentricities. "Der Waldbruder", a pendant 
 to "Werther" (DNL 80. 175-209. SuD 2. Teil, 433-63).— Lenz's 'Eselei' and 
 its consequence. Later career and fate. Goethe's estimate (in D u W). — Plot 
 and characters of "Der Hofmeister, oder Vortheile der Privat-Erziehung." 
 Influence of Rousseau's "Nouvelle Heloise" (cf. Second Series, Topic 6 (a) 
 and of the story of Abelard (cf. Encyclop. Brit. s. v. Abelard). L's educa- 
 tional theory and practice. Defense of human nature. — Theme and import 
 of "Die Soldaten." Content. Class-difference. Significance as Storm ana 
 Stress motif. Relation to "Kabale und Liebe." — Theme and content of "Die 
 beiden .\lten. Ein Familiengemalde." Influence on "Die Rauber." 
 
 Sauer, DNL 80. p. iii-xvi. Freye, S u D 1. Teil, p. xxvii-lii. Erich 
 Schmidt: Lenz und Klinger, 4-61. Dorer-Egloff : Lenz und seine 
 Schr. 145-74. J. Froitzheim: Lenz und Goethe. A. Metz: Friederike 
 Brion, 98-126. Hettner, III. III. 1. p. 205-220. Goethe: Dichtung 
 und Wahrheit, 11. 14. 15. Buch. Werke, H 22. 46f, 143-47 (cf. .389- 
 403), 190f. J 24. 58f, 182-88, 243-45. Briefe: an Merck, 24. Juli, 16. 
 Sept. 1776; an Lavater, 16. Sept.; an Frau von Stein, 10. Sept. — 
 On social import of "Die Soldaten" cf. Lenz's recently published 
 essay: "Ueber die Soldatenehen" (1776), ed. Freye (Berlin, 1914). 
 O. H. Werner: The Unmarried Mother etc. 47-52. Stober, 1-84. 
 
 *(d) WAGNER (1747-1779): "Die Reue nach der That" (1775, no 
 modern reprint). "Die Kindermorderin" (1776). DNL 80. 
 283-357. SuD 2. Teil, 467-530. Acquaintance with "Kabale 
 und Liebe" is prerequisite. "Voltaire am Abend seiner Apo- 
 theose" (1778). S u D 2. Teil, 531-46, 
 
 The brief career of Heinrich Leopold Wagner. His relations with Goethe. 
 The lattcr's estimate (in DuW). Wagner's satires: "Prometheus, Deukallon 
 und seine Rezensenten" (DNL 80. 358-80) and "Voltaire." — Story of
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER TK 
 
 "Die Reue nach der That". Coachman Walz and his daughter (cf. Miller and 
 Luise in "Kabale und Liebe"). The faithful aristocratic lover (cf. Ferdinand 
 in "KuL") and his parent's opposition (cf. President in "K u L"). The 
 tragic issue. — The genesis and original six-act form of "Die Kindermorderin." 
 Father and daughter again. Butcher Humbrecht, a prototype of Miller. The 
 foolish mother. The faithless aristocratic lover and his friend (cf. Goethe's 
 "Clavigo" and Lenz's "Soldaten"). Evchen's fate. Wagner's alleged indebted- 
 ness to Goethe's "Faust" (cf. D u VV 14. Buch. Werke, H 22. 147, 399. J 24. 
 188). Popularity of the infanticide motif. Reasons. Why essentially Storm 
 and Stress? The cruel punishment of infanticide. Efforts to mitigate it. — 
 Karl Lessing's revision of the play: "Evchen Humbrecht, oder Ihr Mutter 
 merkt's euch" (1777). Wagner's own revision: "Evchen Humbrecht. Ein 
 Schauspiel" (1778). His comment. — The element of class-difference in Wag- 
 ner's tragedies; of Nature vs. convention. Objective position of the author. 
 Absence of protest, as compared with "Emilia Galotti" (1772) and "Kabale 
 und Lieoe" (1784). 
 Sauer, DNL 80. 275-82. Freye, S u D 1. Teil, p. lii-lix. Herausges?. 
 
 von Erich Schmidt: Die Kindermorderin, nebst Szenen 
 
 aus den Bearbeitungen K. G. Lessings und Wagners. Deutsche 
 Litteraturdenkmale des 18. u. 19. Jahrh. No. 13 (1883). Erich 
 Schmidt: H. L. Wagner, Goethes Jugendgenosse: 2te Auflagc 
 (1879). J. Froitzheim: Goethe und H. L. Wagner. O. H. Werner: 
 The Unmarried Mother etc. 1-11, 26-39, 44-52. Hettner, III. III. 
 1. p. 23i-27. Goethe: Dichtung und Wahrheit. Werke. H 22. 147. 
 192f, 399f, 449-51. J 24. 188, 246-48. Harvey's ed. "Kabale und 
 Liebe", Introd. p. Ixxxix-xc. Text. 
 
 *(e) MALER MUELLER (1749-1825): "Golo und Genoveva" (1775- 
 81, pub. 1811). "Die Schaaf-Schur, eine Pfalzische Idylle" 
 (1775). DNL 81. 1-159, 191-221. S u D 4. Teil, 127-154, 
 308-452. 
 
 Friedrich Miiller's boyhood at Kreuznach. Early poverty and scant education. 
 Art studies (1766-70). Ducal patronage. 'At Mannheim (1774-78). Dramatic 
 writings. Friendship with Lessing. To Italy (1778). Goethe and other patrons. 
 Goethe's estimate of his writings (cf. G's letter, June 21, 1781). Their meeting 
 in Rome. M's promise as painter not fulfilled. Struggle for existence in Rome. 
 His royal patron in last years. — Miiller's writings. Popularity of his idyls. 
 Themes: biblical, classical, national. Pictures of peasant life in "Die Schaaf- 
 Schur" and "Das Nusskernen." Significance. — Dramatic works and plans. His 
 "Faust", a fragment. His masterwork. The legend of Genoveva and Miiller's 
 treatment of it. Analysis of plot and characters. Indebtedness to "Gotz" and 
 "Werther." The 'Machtweib', Mathilde. Golo, compared with Weislingen and 
 Werther. Storm and Stress characteristics. Local color. 'Stimmung.' Mviller 
 as the romanticist of the Storm and Stress. Relations with Tieck. 
 
 Sauer, DNL 81. p. i-xii. Freye, S u D 1. Teil, p. Ixxviii-xc. Lessing: 
 Briefe an M. Mar. 1, 21, Apr. 15. May 6, 1777. 'Werke', L-M ed. 
 Bd. 18. Hempel ed. Bd. 20. i. Goethe: Briefe an M. Jun. 21, Aug. 
 9, 1781. Stein: Goethe-Briefe, 2. p. 187, 200. Idein: Italienische 
 Reise, Nov. 3, 1786. 'Werke', Hempel ed. 24. 118. 677-78.— B. Seuf- 
 fert: Maler Miiller (1877), p. 10-58. 122-26. 143-76. B. Golz: Pfalz- 
 grafin Genoveva. Hettner, III. III. 1. p. 238-52. 
 
 *(f) KLINGER'S and MALER MUELLER'S "FAUST." — A 
 favorite Storm and Stress theme. Its relation to the period. 
 Parallels between the times of Faust and those of the
 
 so PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 'Stiirmer und Dranger.' Acquaintance with Goethe's "Faust" 
 prerequisite, 
 i. KLINGER: "Fausts Leben, Thaten und Hollenfahrt." Ein 
 Roman. In fiinf Buchern. St. Petersburg, 1791. 
 DNL 79. 141-304. 
 
 Begun about 1776 and completed, in great part, by 1780. Essentially a Storm 
 and Stress product. Evidence of the influence of Klinger's early years. Con- 
 temporary allusions. Later development of the work. Effect of K's new 
 environment (at St. Petersburg). Impulse to publication (Goethe's "Faust. 
 Ein Fragment", 1790). Later editions. — Form. Use of dialog. Analysis of 
 content. Faust, the inventor of printing. His struggles and misfortunes. 
 Motivation of his compact with the Devil. His quest of 'VVissen und Genuss'. 
 The compact and its sequel. Faust's travels and experiences — in Germany, 
 France, Italy. His survey of human misery and depravity. Effect upon him. 
 The would-be avenger. The Devil's success. The climax at Rome. Faust's 
 return home. His awakening. Fate of his family. His end. His reception 
 in Hell. — Klinger's sources. His own statement (cf. DNL 79. 142). Literary 
 influences. Volksbuch and I'uppenspiel. Lessing's "Faust" (1759) and Maler 
 Miiller's (1778). Rousseau's influence (see 'First Discourse', cf. Second 
 .Series, Topic 6(a). Did K. know Goethe's "Faust" before 1790? Some 
 points of resemblance and difference. Other influences, esp. Milton and 
 Klopstock. — Import of K's "Faust" (cf. his letter to Goethe. May 26, 1814. 
 DNL 79. p. xiiif). Use of satire — literary, religious, political. Revolutionary 
 significance. — Comparison with Goethe, with respect to Faust's character and 
 the ethical import. 
 
 G. J. Pfeiffer: Klingers Faust (1890). Erster Teil pub. as Disserta- 
 tion, 1887. Rieger: F. M. Klinger, II. 247-76. F. Prosch: K's philo- 
 sophische Roniane. Goethe-Jahrbuch 3. 257-64 (K's letter). Hett- 
 ner, 111. III. Z. 355-71. Wood: Faust-Studien, 229-90. 
 ii. MALER MUELLER: "Fausts Leben, dramatisiert." Erster 
 Theil. Mannheim, 1778. — "Situation aus Fausts Leben." 
 Mannheim, 1776. 
 S u D 4. Teil, 221-306. Critical ed. with introd. (p. iii-xxvi) by 
 Bernhard Seuffert: Deut. Litteraturdenkmale des 18. Jahrh. Heil- 
 bronn, 1881.— "Situation aus Fausts Leben" only, DNL 81. 161-175. 
 
 Miiller's early interest (at Kreuznach) in the Faust legend. His conception 
 of Faust (cf. the dedication to von Gemmingen, S u D 4. 223-26. Seuffert's 
 ed. 5-10). Publication of the "Situation". Its dedication. Reception. Friend- 
 ship with Lessing at Mannheim (1777). Discussion of M's Faust plan. Rela- 
 tion to Lessing's. Latter's advice. Pub. of Erster Theil. Content (only as 
 to scenes directly concerning Faust). Conception of Faust's character. His 
 Titanism. Revolt against human limitations. Disparity between his ideas and 
 their execution. The banal motive of his alliance with the Devil. Influence 
 of Volksbuch and Puppenspiel. The "Situation" from Theil II. Further plans. 
 Abandonment. Resumption after 1808. 
 
 Seuffert, Einleitung, see above. Idem: Maler Miiller, 176-201, 609- 
 14. Sauer, DNL 81. p. vif. Freye, S u D I. Teil, p. Ixxxvif. Hett- 
 ner, HI. III. 1. p. 242-44. 
 
 *4. "ANTHOLOGIE AUF DAS JAHR 1782", includ ng "Semele."— 
 Other poems of 1781. — Schubart, a Storm and Stress con- 
 temporary poet. 
 
 SS 1. 204-313, 341-60. B 1. 14-56; 9. 44-94. S 1. 221ff; 2. 20-56 (cf. 
 notes, p. 307ff). DNL 2. 75-122. C 1. 13-48; 15. 282-96.— Most con-
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 81 
 
 veniently arranged in B; see chronolog. list in B 1. 397 and 9. 487-88. 
 "Semele": SS 1. 313-40. B 9. 223-42. S 7. 285-310. DNL 6. i. 319- 
 3Z. C 3. 229-48. 
 
 "Anthologie": Widmung, Vorrede, Selbstrezension. SS 1. 197-203. 
 B 9. 40-44; 13. 212-14. S 16. 5-10. DNL 12. ii. 156-59, 174-77. C 15. 
 205-10. Schubart's Gedichte. DNL 81. 307-434. 
 
 Stiiudlin's "Musenalnianach" and his rivals. The collection of 83 poems by 
 Schiller and his friends (Hoven, Ilaug, Petersen et al.). Questions of author- 
 ship. — Characteristic poems by Schiller. Storm and Stres.= themes. The 
 'Laura Poems,' "Die Kindesmorderin" etc. Other poems. "Der Venus- 
 wagen." — Schiller's dedication and preface. His own review. Other contem- 
 porary criticism. Merits and defects of Schiller's early poetry. The realistic 
 and morbid. The philosophical element. Analysis of passion. 'Laura' and 
 Frau Vischer. Command of poetic language. Dramatic quality. — 
 
 Chr. Dan. Fr. Schubart (1743-1791), Suabian musician, poet, journalist. 
 His character and talents. The victim of Karl Eugen's displeasure. His 
 imprisonment (1776-86). The occasion and manner of his release. — Schubart's 
 influence on "Die Rauber". His review. Meeting with Schiller (cf. "Feuer- 
 trunken", p. 75). — Typical poems of Schubart. Their protest: cf. "Die 
 Fiirstengruft", DNL 81. 375, and Schiller's "Die schlimmen Monarchen"; 
 "Kaplied", p. 430, and "Kabale und Liebe," II. 2; see Hervey's ed. of 
 "K u L", p. 259. 
 
 Berger, L 195-223. Minor, L 420-480. Weltrich, 423-514, passim, 
 514-46. Petsch, 48-59. Kuno Fischer: Schiller-Schriften, L 83-125. 
 Kiihnemann, 23-29. Ernst Miiller: Schillers Jugenddichtung, 35-66, 
 107-17. 'Gesprache'; ed. Biedermann, p. 62; ed. Petersen, p. 135f. 
 Schubart: Sauer, DNL 81. 291-3U5. Poems, No. 1. 17, 20, 26, 29, 
 37, 39, 42, 46, 49, 55, 56, 57, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67. DNL 81. 307-434, 
 passim. 
 
 REGIMENTAL SURGEON (Jan. 1781-Sept. 1782). FUGITIVE 
 IN HIDING (Sept. 1782-July, 1783).— In the ducal service 
 at Stuttgart, Flight and wanderings with Streicher (Sept. 
 22-Nov. 30). Andreas Streicher and his book. In refuge at 
 Bauerbach (Dec. 7, 1782-July 24, 1783). 
 
 Release from the Academy. Profc-ssional duties. Hardships. Friends and 
 associates. Literary activity. Publications (without detail). The leap to fame. 
 Plans and ambitions. Connection made with Dalberg. Schiller's hope. "Die 
 Rauber" produced (Jan. 13, 1782). Further negotiations with Dalberg. The 
 Grisons affair. A second trip to Mannheim and the consequences. Schiller's 
 resolve. The tlight with Streicher (Sept. 22). .\t Mannheim as Dr. Ritter. 
 At Frankfurt (Sept. 29c. Oct. 15). The appeal to Dalberg and the answer. 
 In hiding at Oggersheim as Dr. Schmidt (c. Oct. 15-Nov. 30). Frau von 
 Wolzogen's offer. Departure (Nov. 30). At Bauerbach. Reinwald. — New 
 plays. Charlotte von Wolzogen's visits. Schiller's suit. — Dalberg's approach 
 and Schiller's response (.\pr. 3). The result. — Schiller's two friends in need. 
 Streicher's devotion. His important book. pub. 1836. Scope and style. His 
 later career. — Friendship with Frau von \\'olzogen. Their correspondence. 
 
 Briefe: Jonas, 1. (in part) No. 17, 24, 26, 28, 45, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 
 58, 61, 63, 66, 68. 69, 73. 75. 77-80, 83, 84. "Feuertrunken", p. 62-141, 
 including extracts from Streicher. Hecker, p. 24-5, 34-54, 60-68, 
 71-2, 80-97.— Streicher: Schillers Flucht, (1st ed.) p. 64-160; 
 Reprint, p. 3-10, 49-109. 'Gesprache': ed. Biedermann, p. 51-122; 
 ed. Petersen, p. 32-92. — Read one from each group: (a) Ludwig, 
 92-114,129-39. Thomas, chap. 3, 5. Wychgram, 78-123. (b) Berger,
 
 82 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 I. Kap. 6, 10, 11, 13 (c. 80 pp.). Brahm, I. 187-227. Minor, I. 525- 
 45; II. 1-24, 70-112. 
 
 6. "DIE VERSCHWOERUNG DES FIESKO ZU GENUA. Ein 
 republikanisches Trauerspiel" (1783). 
 
 SS 3. 1-161. B 2. 171-296. S 3. 157-292. DNL 3. 219-330. C 2. 
 137-244. Edited, with brief introd. and notes by G. Witkowski, in 
 "Meisterwerke der deutschen Biihne." (Leipzig, Hesse.) 
 General.— Berger, I. Kap. 12. Brahm, I. 228-43. Ludwig, p. 114-29. 
 Thomas, chap. 4. 
 
 (a) GENESIS AND SOURCES. PLOT AND FORM.— The his- 
 
 tory and Schiller's use of it. 
 
 The initial suggestion. Rousseau's comment. The 'erhabener Verbrecher' 
 again. The work begun, summer 1782. Schiller's first conception. Historical 
 studies (Retz, Robertson) and their effect. The reading at Mannheim, Sept. 
 25, 1782. Dalberg's decision. Revision at Oggersheim, Nov. '82. Rejected 
 again. Publication, April, '83. — Critical analysis of plot. Primary action, 
 Fiesco-Doria-Verrina. The Berta plot; its purpose. Historic and scenic back- 
 ground. Variations from history. — Striking situations. Some crass effects. 
 Language and style. Storm and Stress elements. 
 
 Briefer Jonas, I. No. 36, 40. "Feuertrunken", p. lOOf, 103f, 108f. 
 Hecker, p. 45-47, 51f, 56. Streicher, 42f, 60, 70f, 84, 90-96, 102f, 
 112f, 121-27, 130-34, 171-72; Reprint, 36f, 47, 53f, 62, 65-69, 74f, 
 79, 85-88, 90-93, 116-17.— 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, cf. Register, 
 p. 504; ed. Petersen, Reg. p. 476. General, as above. — Bellermann, 
 
 I. 118-42. Berger, I. 272-79. Minor, II. 24-30, 60-70. Kontz, 276-87, 
 295-331. Kuhnemann, 182-90. Landwehr: Dichterische Gestalten 
 in geschichtlicher Treue, p. 1-14. R. Weltrich: Schillers Fiesco 
 und die geschichtliche Wahrheit. Marbacher Schillerbuch, III 
 (1909). 292-409.— Language: Pfleiderer, see Topic 2(a). 
 
 (b) CHARACTERS AND IMPORT.— A "republican tragedy"?— 
 
 Literary influences. Lessing. Shakespeare. 
 
 The three groups of characters and their centers: Doria, Verrina, Fiesco. 
 Their inter-relation and inter-dependence. Complexity and skill of motivation. 
 Muley Hassan's character and function. Critical analysis of Fiesco and Ver- 
 rina. Questions in the estimate of Fiesco: A Brutus or a Catiline? His vacil- 
 lation; prolonged or momentary? His intrigue with Julia; feigned or real? 
 Is the reader (or audience) deceived (cf. Thomas)? Proof. His diplomacy: 
 the painter's visit; the fable. Fiesco and the Moor. Fiesco's blunder; how 
 explained? Fiesco's treatment of Leonore; how explained? The unmasking 
 of Julia. Fiesco's chivalry (Andreas). His momentary triumph. Retribution. 
 Nemesis. — Verrina in history and in Schiller's drama. His austere virtue 
 (cf. Odoardo Galotti). His motives. — Leonore and Julia. Defects in portrayal. 
 Giannettino and his henchmen. The type. Indebtedness to Lessing. Fiesco's 
 henchmen and their motives. Andreas.- — Political import. Intention and exe- 
 cution. Significance of tlieme and material. 
 
 General, as above. Bellermann, I. 129-44. Berger, I. 279-93. Minor, 
 
 II. 30-60. Bulthaupt, I. 263-72. Kirchbach, 55-56. Kontz, 288-91, 
 331-44. Kuhnemann, 171-82. Petsch, 79-81. Weitbrecht, 74-88. 
 Landwehr, see Topic (a). 
 
 (c) STAGE VERSION OF "FIESCO". — RECEPTION. — Com- 
 
 parison of 'Theaterausgabe' with original. Contemporary 
 criticism of each.
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 83 
 
 "Die Verschworung des Fiesco zu Genua. Ein Schauspiel" (1784). 
 SS 3. 185-347. B 12. 351-453. DNL 3. 331-409.— Reading of original 
 version prerequisite. 
 
 •Zur Erinnerung an das Publikum,' SS 3. 349-51. B 13. 216-19. 
 DNL 3. p. xlvi-xlviii. 
 
 Second revision of "Fiesco", autumn 1783. Changes in content. Principal 
 omissions and transpositions; reasons therefor. Vital differences in plot (esp. 
 those affecting Fiesco, Leonore, Verrina, Berta). The changed ending and 
 preparatory events. Effect on Fiesco's character and on the import of the 
 drama. Relative merit of the two versions. — First performance, Jan. 11, 1784. 
 Reception at Mannheim. Production at Berlin and elsewhere. — Contemporary 
 criticism of the book and the play. 
 
 Briefe: Jonas, I. p. 156f, 185. Hecker, p. 109. Streicher, p. 162-65, 
 172f, 183; Reprint, p. 110-12, 116f, 123.— BeUermann, I. 145-52. 
 Minor, II. 196-211. Berger, I. 348-52. Bulthaupt, 1. 259-75. Kontz, 
 290-95, 345-50. Braun: Schiller im Urtheile usw., I. 30f, 65-71, 
 176f, 226-30. 
 
 'KABALE UND LIEBE. Ein burgerliches Trauerspiel" (1784). 
 
 SS 3. 353-507. B 2. 309-421. S 3. 293-420. DNL 4. 1-102. C 2. 
 245-340. Edited, with introduction, notes and appendix, by W. A. 
 Hervey (Holt). For selected bibliography, see Hervey's ed., 
 Appendix C. 
 
 General. — Berger, I. Kap. 15. Brahm, I. 294-325. Ludwig, 151-65. 
 Thomas, 112-36, 145-46.— 
 
 (a) GENESIS. PLOT AND FORM. Stage production. Trans- 
 
 lations. 
 
 Conception of "Lulse Mlllerin", July, 1782. Interest in the theme. Progress 
 of the plan. Work at Oggersheim (Oct. -Nov.). Continuation and completion 
 at Bauerbach, Feb. 1783. Dalberg's interest. Schiller's warning. Extensive 
 revision, April-July, 1783. Questions as to changes. The 'Bauerbach frag- 
 ment' (cf. Hervey's ed. p. xxii). The play read at Mannheim, Aug. 13. 
 Preparation for the stage. Change of title. Publication, March, 1784. — Critical 
 analysis of plot and structure. Three main sources of the action: President, 
 Wurm and Ferdinand. Unity of action through common object, Luise. 
 Motivation. Effective situations. Suspense. 'Stimmung.' Humor. — The sec- 
 ondary action: Milford. Its purpose. Use of the episode (Kammerdiener). — 
 Time and place; how indicated. Question of duration. Language and style. 
 First performance at Frankfurt (Apr. 13), at Mannheim (Apr. 15). Streicher's 
 account. Subsequent production at Mannheim. On the foreign stage. Dumas' 
 adaptation. 
 
 Briefe: Jonas, I. p. 85. 87, 94, 97, 100, 106f, 110, 116, 119f, 122, 
 132, 137, 177, 180f. "Feuertrunken", p. 107, 112, 128f. 132, 139f. 
 Hecker, p. 57, 63, 68, 71f. 80, 91, 127.— Streicher, p. 110, 120. 156-58, 
 173-76, 183; Reprint, p. 78, 84, 106-08, 117-19, 123.— 'Gesprache', ed. 
 Biedermann, Register, p. 504; ed. Petersen, Reg. p. 476. — Hervey's 
 ed. p. xi-xxxv, ci-ciii, 264-69. Mentzel. Jhb. d. F. d. H. 1909. 295f. 
 General, see above. — Miiller: Schillers K u L, p. 56-79. BeUermann, 
 1. 169-99. Berger, I. 354-63, 374-80. Minor, II. 112-16, 211-19. 
 Kijhnemann. 192-213. Kettner: Schiller-Studien, p. 32-50. 
 
 (b) CHARACTERS AND IMPORT.— A drama of protest.— Con- 
 
 temporary and later criticism. Mooted points.
 
 84 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 The two groups. The antithesis of bourgeoisie and aristocracy, and its sig- 
 nificance.- — Luise's home and parents. The lovers. Motives of the opposition, 
 Wurm and President. Milford's role. Her defection and the result. Wurm 
 and Kalb: cunning and stupidity. Function of each. Ferdinand on the 
 defensive. His change of position. Luise's passivity; its cause and its effect. 
 The justification of her fate. Miller as father and as subject. (The foregoing 
 are some of the points to be included in an exhaustive critical analysis of the 
 characters,,their motives, acts and utterances.) — Some mooted questions: The 
 relation of father and son. Ferdinand's earlier cowardice and later heroism. 
 His first suspicion of Luise; his easy deception; his final act. Luise's resigna- 
 tion. Her submission to Wurm; her silence. The President's self-deception 
 and blunders. His attempts to persuade Ferdinand; to coerce him. Wurm's 
 exposure. — Contemporary opinions of the play. Moritz's review. — Significance 
 of "K u L" as a 'biirgerliches Trauerspiel.' Import of the protest, social and 
 political. Nature vs. convention. Storm and Stress motifs. The right of the 
 individual. Significance of the conflict. 
 
 General, see above. — Bellermanri/ I. 180-209. Berger, I. 354-74. 
 Bulthaupt, I. 276-90. Minor, II. 134-61. Mullet, 56-83, passim. 
 Hervey's ed. p. xxxv-lv, xcv-xcix, ciii-cvi. Cf. Comment, p. 158f, 
 169f, 186f, 195f, 205f, 213f, etc. Kirchbach, 57f. Kontz, 100-14. 
 Kuhnemann, 214-25. Petsch, 82-83. Weitbrecht, 89-113. Braun: 
 Schiller im Urtheile usw. I. 71-80, 94-97, 102f, 104, 130f, 178-81, 
 216-22. 
 
 (c) HISTORICAL AND LITERARY MODELS.— 'ERLEBTES*. 
 — The Dukes of Wiirttemberg and their court. Use of real 
 persons and incidents. — Literary antecedents. Rousseau. 
 'Das biirgerliche Trauerspiel': Lessing, Gemmingen, and 
 other forerunners. Minor influences. 
 
 Personal experiences reflected in "K u L". Some borrowed names. — The use 
 of Wiirttemberg history, past and present. Dukes Eberhard Ludwig (1693- 
 1733) and Karl Eugen (1744-1793), and their mistresses. The plan for Ferdi- 
 nand's marriage. The President's prototype. The Kammerdiener's story. Sig- 
 nificant incidental happenings and allusions. How "K u L" made the stage 
 a tribunal. — Origins of the 'Family Novel' (Richardson) and the 'Middle-Class 
 Drama' (Diderot). The motif of class-distinction in Rousseau's "La Nouvelle 
 Heloise" (1761). Julie's and Luise's conflict of love and duty. The indict- 
 ment of the aristocracy. Influence of Lessing's "Miss Sara Sampson" (17SS) 
 and "Emilia Galotti" (1772). The 'man between two women'. The 'Macht- 
 weib' (Marwood, Orsina, Milford). The political protest in "Emilia Galotti" 
 and "K u L". Traces of influence in plot and characterization. The moral 
 antithesis of aristocrat and commoner. — "Der teutsche Hausvater" of Gem- 
 mingen (1780). Influence of characters and situations. Significant solution 
 of the problem. Vital differences. — Influence of minor Storm and Stress 
 dramas, esp. of Wagner's "Reue nach der That" and "Kindermorderin"; of 
 Shakespeare's "Othello." 
 
 Berger, I. 354-62. Minor, II. 117-34. MuUer: Schillers K u L, 
 p. 1-55. Kontz, 100-14. Kuhnemann, 210-13, 226-37. Streicher, 120, 
 124, 175; Reprint, 84-86, 118. Hervey's ed. p. ix-lxviii and cited 
 references. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, Bd. XV, p. 376-93 
 (Karl Eugen). Joh. G. Pahl: Geschichte von Wirtemberg, Bd. V, 
 1-190, passim. L. T. Spittler: Sammtliche Werke, XII, 321-50. 
 F. Kapp: Der Soldatenhandel deutscher Fiirsten nach Amerika. 
 L. Vely: Franziska von Hohenheim, Kap. 2, 3. E. Miiller: Eine 
 neue Quelle usw. cf. Hervey, 2d ed. p. 177.
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 85 
 
 8. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MIDDLE-CLASS 
 
 DRAMA. — English antecedents. Lessing. — Rousseau. 
 Diderot. — Gemmingen. 
 General. — Arthur Eloesser: Das biirgerliche Drama (Berlin, 1898). 
 (a) LESSING AS FORERUNNER.— "Miss Sara Sampson" and 
 "Emilia Galotti." Lessing's relation to the English middle- 
 class tragedy (Lillo) and family novel (Richardson). 
 
 Debut of the middle class in English tragedy. Relation to social and political 
 conditions. Lillo's "London Merchant" (1731). Theme and import. Recep- 
 tion. Lessing's theory and estimate of the 'new drama.' — The family novel 
 of Richardson. "Clarissa Harlowe" (1748). Lessing's family tragedy, "Miss 
 Sara Sampson" (1755). Theme and background. Indebtedness to Lillo and 
 Richardson (without detail). Lessing's interest in Diderot's drama and 
 dramatic theory (cf. Vorrede to transl. of "Diderots Theater", 1760, Werke: 
 L-M 8. 286-89. II 11. ii. 3-6. DNL 8. 161-64. C 8. 221-24).— The new- 
 element in "Emilia Galotti", aristocracy vs. bourgeoisie. Social and political 
 import. Beginning of the biirgerliches Trauerspiel' proper. Its culmination 
 in Schiller's "Kabale und Liebe " (reading prcretj. to this topic). 
 
 For bibliography, see First Series, Topics 9b and 18b. 
 *(b) DIDEROT AND GEMMINGEN AS FORERUNNERS.— 
 "Le pere de famille" (1758). "Der teutsche Hausvater" 
 (1780). Rousseau's contribution: 'La nouvelle Heloise" 
 (1761). 
 
 Diderot's family dramas. "Le pere de famille" in Lessing's translation, "Der 
 Hausvater." The problem of class distinction. Its solution. Mutual admira- 
 tion of Diderot and Lessing (cf. L's Vorrede, see under (a), above). — Gem- 
 mingen's treatment of the theme in "Der teutsche Hausvater." Nevir sig- 
 nificance of his solution. National tendency. — Class prejudice in Rousseau's 
 novel, "La nouvelle Heloise." The strengthened protest. Nature vs. Con- 
 vention. The moral antithesis. The climax of these tendencies in "Kabale 
 und Liebe" (reading prereq. to this topic). 
 
 Denis Diderot (1713-84): "Le pere de famille", transl. Lessing: 
 "Der Hausvater". Werke (cf. First Series, p. 5): H 11. ii. 147-233. 
 DNL 8. 305-92.— Eloesser, 61-77. Hettner, U. p. 329-43. G. Kett- 
 ner: Lessings Dramen, 45-61. Kontz, 125-31. C. Flaischlen, see 
 below. John Morley: Diderot, vol. I. chap. 7. 
 
 Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen (1755-1836): "Der deutsche Haus- 
 vater". DNL r.d. 139. i. p. 1-83.— Caesar Flaischlen: O. H. von 
 Geniniingcn: mit einer Vorstudie iiber Diderot. Eloesser, 137-42. 
 — Rousseau: cf. Sec. Ser. Top. 6a, 8d. 
 
 9. THEATER-POET AT MANNHEIM. — CHARLOTTE VON 
 
 KALB. (July, 1783-April, 1785.) 'Theaterdichter', Sept. 1783- 
 Aug. 1784. Relations with Dalberg and his company. Winter 
 of 1784-85.— Schiller on the office of the Stage.— Schiller 
 and Frau von Kalb. "Der Kampf", "Resignation." 
 
 Schiller's contract. .\ good begfnning. Illness and dtbt. l-"rau von Wolzogen's 
 aid; his confidante and counsellor.^ — Production of "Eiesco" (Jan. 11) and 
 "Kabale und Liebe" (Apr. 13, 15). Election to the Deutsche Gesellschaft 
 (Feb. '84). His address (see below). — Dalberg's disaffection. Iffland's in- 
 trigues. Getter's farce, "Der schwarze Mann". Continued difficulties. His 
 father's attitude (cf. letters in "Feuertrunken", p. 179-93). Termination of 
 Schiller's office (Sept. '84). In desperate straits. Holzel's timely aid and 
 its requital (cf. "Feuertrunken", I78f). — An unanswered letter (May, 1784)
 
 86 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 from Leipzig. Schiller's reply (Dec. 7, '84) and what came of it. New and 
 generous friends. Schiller's new project. Departure from Mannheim (April, 
 '85). — Friends at Mannheim. Schwan; his daughter, Margarete. — Charlotte 
 von Kalb (Apr. '84). Development of their relation. Her character and 
 influence on Schiller. A crisis. Schiller's renunciation. His 'confession': 
 "Freigeisterei der Leidenschaft" ("Der Kampf"), 1784, and "Resignation", 
 1785. Their subsequent relations. — A title from Karl August of Weimar 
 (Dec. '84). — Dramatic work at Mannheim (without detail). Progress on "Don 
 Carlos." — His 'Theaterrede' before the Deutsche Gesellschaft (May, '84) and 
 his earlier essay (in Wiirttemberg Repertorium, 1782). Analysis of content. 
 Theories of reform. 
 
 Briefer Jonas, I. No. 85-88, 91-95, 99, 101, 102, 107, 108, 110, 112, 
 120, 124-130. "Feuertrunken", p. 142-221. Hecker, p. 93-169.— 
 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, p. 123-50, cf. Register, s. v. Kalb, 
 p. 494; ed. Petersen, p. 92-125, cf. Reg. s. v. Kalb, p. 467-68.— 
 Streicher: Schillers Flucht usw. 160-216; Reprint, 109-44. 
 GEDICHTE: "Freigeisterei der Leidenschaft" ("Der Kampf"), 
 "Resignation." B 1. 56-61, S 1. 196-99, 247-48. SS 1. DNL 1. C 1. 
 Nollen: Schiller's Poems, p. 27-33 and notes. — Ida Boy-ed: Char- 
 lotte von Kalb. Kopke: ditto. 'THEATERREDE' usw.: Ueber das 
 gegenwartige deutsche Theater" (1782). "Die Schaubiihne als eine 
 moralische Anstalt betrachtet" (originally entitled, "Was kann 
 eine gute stehende Biihne eigentlich wirken" (1784). SS 2. 340-48; 
 3. 512-24. B 13. 77-96. S 11. 80-100. DNL 12. ii. 160-67; 191-204. 
 C 12. 37-43, 50-57. For the original introduction to the 'Theater- 
 rede', see SS 3. 509-12. B 13. 506-08.— On these essays cf. Minor, 
 L 504-09; IL 284-93. Berger, L 228f, 387fif. Wilm: S's Philosophy, 
 58-64. — Read two from group (a), one from group (b) : (a) Lud- 
 wig, 139-52, 165-87. Harnack, 88-148, passim. Thomas, chap. 7. 
 Wychgram, 127-219.— (b) Berger, L Kap. 14, 16, 17 (c. 85 pp.). 
 Brahm, L 269-93, 326-82 Minor, H. 162-96, 217-52, 293-353. 
 
 10. "DON KARLOS. Infant von Spanien. Ein dramatisches Gedicht" 
 (1785-1787). 
 SS 5. ii. 142-453. B 3. 15-256. S 4. DNL 4. 103-352. C 3. 5-228. 
 Edited, with introduction and notes, by F. W. C. Lieder (Oxford 
 Press). For partial bibliography, see Lieder's ed. p. Ixxvff. 
 General.— Berger, I. Kap. 20. Brahm, I. 48-91. Ludwig, 214-25. 
 Thomas, ch. 9. Reading of the complete drama required for all 
 topics. 
 
 (a) GENESIS. PLOT AND FORM.— The Bauerbach scenario 
 
 (1783). Serial publication in the "Thalia" (1785-87). The 
 
 completed drama (1787) and subsequent abridgements (1801, 
 
 1805). The prose stage version. Production. 
 
 'Bauerbacher Entwurf: SS 3. 180-84. DNL 4. Ixi-lxiii. Wychgram, 
 
 Kap. 5, end. — "Thalia" version of Acts I, II, III, 1-7 (now lines 
 
 1-2886): SS 5. i. 1-199. B 9. 279-446. DNL 4. 353-422.— Prose 
 
 •Biihnenbearbeitung': DNL 4. 423-476. 
 
 Initial suggestion of the subject. Beginnings at Bauerbach. What the 'Ent- 
 wurf indicates. Original theme and import. Progress at Mannheim. The 
 first instalment. Reasons for serial publication. Continuation at Leipzig and
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 87 
 
 Dresden. The debt to Korner. Further instalments. Completion. — Critical 
 analysis of plot and motivation. Complexity of structure and its causes. The 
 modified conception. How explained? The new (political) factor and its 
 effect. Essential differences between Bauerbach scenario and completed play. 
 Treatment of the portions published in the "Thalia." Later cuts. The final 
 form. — Dramatic structure and technic. Difficulties. Time and place. — The 
 verse. Wieland's influence. Lessing's example. Language and style. — Sta^'e 
 production. The Hamburg version. 
 
 Briefe: Jonas, I. pp. 64, 85, 108f, 112-16. 192, 208, 231, 271f, 310, 
 312, 316, 318, 321, 327, 334f, 345f, 348f, 364, 373f; II. 51f, 181. 
 "Feuertrunken", p. 84, 129-32, 212, 259, 284, 313f. Hecker, p. 69f, 
 73-6, 144, 160, 199, 225, 228, 230, 233f, 239, 246, 253f, 256f . — 
 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, Register, p. 504; ed. Petersen, Reg. 
 p. 476. 
 
 General, see above. Ernst Elster: Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des 
 Don Carlos, p. 1-6, 25-68, Minor, II. 520-47, 587-94. Bellermann, 
 I. 227-42, 299-314. Berger, I. 497-514. Bulthaupt, I. 310-14. Kontz, 
 438-83. Kuhnemann, 241-58. 
 
 (b) SOURCES: FICTION AND HISTORY. — St. Real's "Dom 
 
 Carlos. Nouvelle historique" (1672). — The real Don Carlos, 
 in earlier and in later accounts. — Schiller's relation to his 
 sources. 
 
 .St. Real's 'historical novel': — Its plot, characters and tendency. Philip II. of 
 Spain and his times. Political and religious conditions. His marriages. Elizabeth 
 of Valois. Prince Carlos. His character and career. Relations with his 
 father. Carlos and his step-mother. His political ambitions. His fate. — Schil- 
 ler's historical sources and their import. The character and fate of Carlos in 
 the light of later historical investigation. Origin and development of the Don 
 Carlos 'myth'. — The plot and characters of .Schiller's drama in relation to 
 St. Real and to present historical conclusions. 
 
 Abbe C. V. de St. Real (1639-92): "Dom Carlos. Nouvelle his- 
 torique" (1672). Oeuvres (1757), V. 291-413. Reprinted in Librairie 
 de la Bibl. national, No. 28 (Paris, 1884). German transl. DNL 4, 
 p. xii-lx. Reclam's Univ. Bibl. No. 2013. Synopsis: Elster, 7-24, 
 Lowenberg, 6-20. — R. Watson: History of the Reign of Philip II, 
 King of Spain (1777). 
 
 W. H. Prescott: idem (1855-58), Book IV, chap. 6-8. W. Mauren- 
 brecher. Historische Zeitschrift, XI. 277-315 (1869). K. Brunne- 
 mann: Der historische D. K. Archiv fiir das Studium der neueren 
 Sprachen, Bd. 35, p. 145-58. 
 
 M. Bildinger: Don Carlos' Haft und Tod iisw. Landwehr, p. 15-30. 
 Lieder, p. xxvi-xxxvii. Kontz, 400-15. Minor, II. 535-40. 
 
 (c) THE CHARACTERS. THEME AND IMPORT.— Contrib- 
 
 utory influences, personal and literary. — Schiller's "Briefe 
 iiber Don Carlos." Other criticism, contemporary and later. 
 — Political import. — 'Erlebtes'. — Literary influences: Shake- 
 speare, Lessing, Leisewitz. 
 
 "Briefe uber Don Carlos" (1788). SS 6. 33-79. B 13. 243-87. S 16. 
 
 51-98. DNL 12. ii. 222-66. C 12. 193-227. 
 
 Theme of the drama: friendship, love, political idealism. The author's chang- 
 ing interest. Effect, alleged and actual. Unity of plan and execution. —
 
 88 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Analysis of the principal characters, on basis of their acts, utterances and 
 inter-relations. Carlos and Posa, with special reference to Schiller's "Briefe" 
 and Bellermann's discussion (Beitrage, I. 261-78). Posa's two aims. Did they 
 conflict? His means. — Posa and Philip. Effect of their relation upon Posa's 
 relation to Carlos. The nature and probability of Posa's mistakes. The reason- 
 ableness of his sacrifice. — Schiller's original and later conception of Philip. 
 His relation to Posa; how justified? Political philosophy in the audience scene 
 (critical analysis of III. 10). Posa's ideal of liberty. The meaning of his 
 death, to Philip and to Carlos. — Carlos and Elizabeth. Her relation to Posa. — 
 The 'Gegenspiel': Eboli's design. Her effect upon Carlos. Her intrigue. Alba, 
 his relation to the King and to Carlos. The inquisition and its agent. Its 
 place in Schiller's early plan. Domingo's role. Minor characters. — Schiller 
 and Carlos. Charlotte von Kalb and Elizabeth. Schiller and Posa. The cult 
 of friendship. Schiller: Korner :: Carlos: Posa. — Literary models, (cf. letter 
 Apr. 14, 1783). Carlos-Hamlet. Philip-Othello. Lessing's "Nathan der Weise" 
 (cf. the audience scenes). Leisewitz's "Julius von Tarent." — Contemporary 
 and later estimates of the work. 
 
 Briefe: Jonas, I. p. 108, 112-16, 208, 364, 373f; II. 51f. "Feuer- 
 trunken", 129-36. Hecker, p. 69f, 73-76, 144.— Bellermann, I. 242-99. 
 General, see above. Elster, 49-74, Minor, II. 547-87. — Berger, I. 
 513-28. Bulthaupt, I. 291-310. Kirchbach, p. 3-5. Kuhnemann, 254- 
 85. Kontz, 483-501. Lieder, p. xli-xlviii. Petsch, 82-92. Weitbrecht, 
 114-35. — Braun: Schiller im Urtheile usw. I. 152-66, passim, 171-74, 
 181-88, 190-207.— S. Levy: S's D. C. in seiner Abhangigkeit von 
 Lessings Nathan. Zeitschr. fiir deut. Altertum. 21. 277-302. 
 *(d) EARLIER DON CARLOS DRAMAS. Otway (1676). Cam- 
 pistron's "Andronic" (1685). Alfieri's "Filippo II" (1783).— 
 The question of Schiller's indebtedness to Campistron and 
 Otway. Relation of Otway and Schiller to St. Real, 
 St. Real: "Dom Carlos. Nouvelle historique." See Topic (b). 
 Thomas Otway (1652-85) : "Don Carlos, Prince of Spain." (London, 
 1676). Cf. Hettner, I. 93f. J, G. de Campistron (1656-1723): "An- 
 dronic" (1788). 'Preface' etc. p. iv-xvi. Vittorio Alfieri (1749-1803) : 
 "Filippo 11" (1783). Transl. by C. Lloyd, .vol. 1, p. 1-60.— 
 Lieder, p. xxviff, xlvii-Ixx. Kontz, 415-38. Kiihnemann, 285-86. 
 J. Lowenberg: Ueber Otway's und Schillers Don Carlos. H. J. 
 Heller: Die Quellen des Schillerschen Don Carlos. Archiv fiir 
 das Studium der neueren Sprachen u. Lit. xxv (1859), p. 55-109. 
 A. Koster: Schiller als Dramaturg, 264-66. 
 
 11. THE TRANSITION PERIOD: Leipzig — Dresden — Weimar 
 (1785-89). 
 (a) SCHILLER AND KOERNER.— Their friendship and intellec- 
 tual relations. Correspondence. Resultant writings: "An 
 die Freude." Poems to Korner. "Korners Vormittag." — 
 "Philosophische Briefe" (Julius und Raphael). — At Weimar 
 (July, 1787-May, 1789). 
 
 The letter and gift from Leipzig, May, 1784 (cf. "Feuertrunken", ] 73-75; 
 Wychgram, Kap. 8, beginning). Schiller's answer (to Iluber), Dec. 7, 1784. 
 The four friends: Korner and Huber, Minna and Dora Stock. Korner's 
 further approach, Jan. 11, 1785. Schiller's response, Feb. 10. His decision to 
 go to Leipzig. Plans for the future (Feb. 28). Arrival in Leipzig, Apr. 17, 
 '85. Stay at Gohlis, Apr. -Sept. '85. Korner's marriage. S. at Dresden, Sept.
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 89 
 
 8S-May, '87. — Literary and social intercourse. Poems to Korner. A humorous 
 dramatic sketch. The affair with Henriette von Arnim. — Departure from 
 Dresden. Plans and ambitions. Arrival in Weimar, July 21, 1787. Wieland 
 and Herder. Other acquaintances. Charlotte von Kalb again. The Lengefelds 
 and the summer of 1788 (without detail). Meeting with Goethe (Sept. 7, 
 1788). Impressions and consequences. Appointment at Jena (Dec. '88). Pro- 
 fessor of History (May, '89). — Writings of this period. The Hymn "To Joy";" 
 its theme and import. Completion of "Don Carlos." — Philosophical studies and 
 discussions with Korner. "Julius and Raphael." .Schiller's creed. Korner's 
 influence. — Historical studies and writings (without detail). K's counsel. — 
 Xaturc and significance of Schiller's development in this period. 
 
 Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Korner, ed. Geiger (Cotta 
 Welti.): selected letters, 1784-89, in vols. 1 and 2. "Feuertrunken": 
 all letters of S. and K., p. 174-487, passim. 'Gesprache', s. v. Kor- 
 ner: ed. Biedermann, Register, p. 495; ed. Petersen, Reg. 469. — 
 Gedichte an Korner: SS 4. 6-16. B 9. 103-109. S 2. 68-76. C 15. 
 304-10. "Korners Vormittag" (pub. 1863): SvS 4. 182-95. B 9. 243- 
 52. S 8. 321-30. DNL 8. 1-9. C 16. 296f.— Also "An die Freude" 
 and "Bittschrift": B 1. 61-65. Nollen: Schiller's Poems, p. 34-39 
 and notes. — Read two from group (a) and one from group (b) : 
 (a) Harnack, 130-42, 153-90, passim. Ludwig, 187-214, 225-53. 
 Thomas, 152-75,201-14. Wychgram, Kap. 10-13, passim, (b) Berger, 
 I. Kap. 18, 19, 21 (p. 437-96, 529-50). Brahm, II. i. p. 1-47, 92-128 
 passim. 
 
 "PHILOSOPHISCHE BRIEFE" (Julius und Raphael), 1787 
 SS 4. 31-60. B. 13. 102-26, 508-13. S 11. 108-38. DNL 12. i. 1-24. 
 C 12. 172-93. Berger, I. 474-77. Minor, II. 484-90. Wilm, chap. 4. 
 Kuno Fischer: Schiller-Schriften, III. 56-86. F. Kuberka: Der 
 Idealismus Schillers, 82-103. F. Ueberweg: S. als Historiker imd 
 Philosoph. 72-96. 
 (b) POEMS AND MINOR WRITINGS.— Poems: "An die Freude" 
 (1785). "Die Gotter Griechenlands" (1788). "Die Kiinstler" 
 (1789). — Short Stories: "Der Verbrecher aus verlorner 
 Ehre" (1787). "Spiel des Schicksals" (1789). — Dramatic 
 fragment: "Der Menschenfeind" (1790). 
 Gedichte: Nollen p. 41-61 and notes. B 1. 61-64, 68-72, 78-94. Emil 
 Grosse: Die Kiinstler. Helena Lange: Schillers Philosophische 
 Cedichte. sub tit. Berger, I. 462f, 578f, 606-10. Thomas, 215-19.— 
 Erzahlungen: SS 4. 61-87; 6. 105-17. B 6. 7-30; 13. 55-68. S 2. 
 191-230. DNL 9. 52-86. C 12. 57-83.— 
 
 Weissenfels, S 2. xiii-xxii, 410f. Berger, I. 477-78, 597. Minor, II. 
 4(>4-74. Thomas, 168-69. Hervey's ed. of "Kabale und Liebe", 
 p. Ixvf. 
 
 "Der Menschenfeind".— SS 6. 280-310. B 9. 253-78. S 7. 311-40. 
 DNL 6. i. 363-86. C 3. 249-72. 
 Berger, I. 484-86. Brahm, II. i. 106-09. Minor, II. 490-98. 
 
 12. "DER GEISTERSEHER" (1787-89).— Schiller as a Novelist. 
 SS 4. 196-349. B 6. 39-164. S 2. 231-359. DNL 9. 93-204. C 12. 
 84-172. 
 
 Genesis of the novel. Relation to current events. Popular interest in the 
 theme. Cagliostro's career and influence. His dupes. Elise von der Recke's
 
 90 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 expose. A defense of Cagliostro. Other imposters. — Critical analysis of Part 
 First. Plot and characters. Mystification of the Prince. The Armenian and 
 . his aides. The expose and its effect on the Prince. His new associates and 
 their influence. Changes in his character and the explanation. His entangle- 
 ments. 'Die schone Griechin.' The crisis and the sequel. Possible develop- 
 ments to follow. Ecclesiastical and political elements. Psychology of the 
 Prince's characterization. — Form and technic of the novel. Serial publication. 
 Reception. Schiller's waning interest and abandonment of the work. — Possible 
 originals of the Prince. Local influences. Hanstein's arguments and conclusions. 
 
 .Briefe, ed. Jonas, II. p. 63, 80, 122, 164, 180, 204, 212, 214, 228, 
 242, 247f, 344. 'Gesprache', ed. Petersen, p. 192.— Weissenfels, S 2. 
 p. xxii-xxxviii. A. von Hanstein: Wie entstand Schillers Geister- 
 seher? (Berlin, 1902). Berger, I. 478-84. Brahm, II. i. 96-106. 
 K. Fischer: Schiller-Schriften, III. 87-128. Kuhnemann, 163-65. 
 Thomas, 172, 219-21. Ueberweg, 97-104. 
 
 13. COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE.— Schiller, Karoline and Lotte 
 von Lengefeld (1788-89). First years of married life, to 
 beginning of friendship with Goethe (Feb. 1790-May, 1794). 
 Failing health. New friends in need. The result. 
 
 First meeting with the Lengefeld sisters (1784). The summer (1788) at 
 Rudolstadt and Volkstadt. Intercourse and correspondence with the sisters. 
 His divided attentions. — Studies and writings. Translations. — The Jena pro- 
 fessorship. Inaugural lecture (May 26, 1789). Betrothal. With Korners in 
 Leipzig (Aug. '89). Close of the semester (Sept. 15). At Rudolstadt and 
 Volkstadt again (Sept. 18-Oct. 22). The betrothal a secret. Peculiar relation 
 with Karoline. The situation with Frau von Kalb. Lectures resumed (Oct. 
 26). Financial difficulties. Asks Frau von L. for Lotte's hand (Dec. 18). 
 Karl August grants 200 Thl. salary (Jan. 1, '90). Marriage (Feb. 22). — A 
 busy spring and summer. "Geschichte des dreissigjahrigen Krieges." Studies 
 and lectures on Tragedy. Severe illness begins (Jan. 1791). Lectures dis- 
 continued. Stay in Karlsbad (July). The pension from the Prince>of Augusten- 
 burg and Count Schimmelmann (Dec. '91). Illness and continued suffering. 
 Studies and lectures in Esthetics (1792-93). Kantian studies. Lectures con- 
 cluded (Mar. '93). Leaves for Suabia (Aug. '9i). Arrival in Ludwigsburg 
 (Sept. 8). With family and old friends again. Stay in Wiirttemberg (Sept. 
 '93-Apr. '94). Karl Eugen's attitude. His death. Return to Jena (May 15). 
 — A new enterprise. "Die Horen." Talks with Goethe at Jena (May, July). 
 The foundation of their friendship laid. 
 
 Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Lotte, ed. Fielitz. 3 Bde. 
 (Cotta, Weltlit.) : selected letters, esp. those dealing with above 
 incidents, as dated. Or "Feuertrunken", all correspondence of 
 Schiller, Lotte and Karoline, p. 373-496, passim; and Kiihnemann: 
 Briefe von Schiller, 1789-90. Other letters (esp. to Korner) in 
 "Feuertrunken", p. 392-496, and in Kuhnemann, 1789-June, 1794. 
 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, p. 171-272; ed. Petersen, p. 139-242. 
 Karoline von Wolzogen: Schillers Leben, 97-187. Berger: Schillers 
 Doppelliebe. Marbacher Schillerbuch, III. 163-84. — On fore- 
 going material, read two from group (a), one from group (b): 
 (a) Ludwig, 225-86. Thomas, chap. 10, 12. Harnack, 158-242, 
 passim. Wychgram, Kap. 12-18, passim, (b) Berger, I, 551-90; II. 
 138-60. Brahm, II. i. 113-205, 222-69. Also one of the following 
 (in part): L. Urlichs: Cliarlotte von Schiller und ihre Freunde. 
 L. Geiger: ditto.
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 91 
 
 *14. SCHILLER AS HISTORIAN AND UNIVERSITY PROFES- 
 SOR. — Historical studies. Korner's objections. Schiller's 
 answers. — Subjects. Historical method. Characterization. — 
 Professor of History at Jena. Inaugural lecture (May 26, 
 1789). Courses in History. Other courses. 
 
 Text of (i) and either (ii) or (iii), to be treated mainly with 
 
 respect to form and method, not historical content. 
 
 (i) "Was heisst und zu welchem Ende studiert man Universal- 
 
 geschichte? 
 
 SS 9. 79-99. B €. 183-202. S 13. 3-24. DNL 10. i. 1-19. C 12. 
 
 227-41. 
 
 (ii) "Geschichte des Abfalls der Vereinigten Niederlande von 
 
 Spanien" (1788). 
 
 SS 7. B 6. 213-524. S 14. DNL 10. i. 23-299. C 9. 
 
 The following chapters required (c. 115 pp. See S 14. 452-53): 
 
 Book I. Die Niederlande unter Karl V. Philipp der Zweite. Wil- 
 
 helm von Oranien und Graf von Egmont. Margarete von Parma. 
 
 Book II. Kardinal Granvella. Book IV. Der Bildersturm. 
 
 (iii) "Geschichte des Dreissigjahrigen Krieges" (1790-92). 
 
 Required, Books III and IV, or the selections (larger ed.) by 
 
 Palmer, with introd. and notes (Holt). 
 
 SS 8. 197-354. B 7. 211-377. S 15. 207-377. DNL 11. 179-326. 
 
 C 11. 1-159. 
 
 Briefe von Schiller an Korner: Dec. 19, 1787; Jan. 18, Jul. 27, Dec. 
 
 15, 25, 1788; Jan. 5, Mar, 6, May 28, Jun. 11, 1789. Von K. an S: 
 
 Jan. 13, 21, Jun. 3, Dec. 19, 30, 1788; Jan. 30, Mar. 19, 31, 1789. 
 
 Briefwechsel zw. S. u. K. Gotta, Weltlit. I. p^ 171ff; II. p. 4flf. 
 
 "Feuertrunken", p. 355-487, passim. Cf. also p. 446-48, 451. 
 
 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, p. 178f, 192, 197, 215, 237, 321; ed. 
 
 Petersen, p. 153-56, 164, 179-80, 209, 248.— 
 
 R. Fester, Einleitung, S 13. p. v-xl. T. Kukelhaus, Einl. B 6. 
 
 165-82, 205-12. Berger, I. 591-610; II. 1-15, 83-110. Brahm, II. i. 
 
 178-87, 206-21. Thomas, chap. 11. Johannes Janssen: Schiller als 
 
 Historiker. Karl Tomaschek: Schiller in seinem Verhaltnis zur 
 
 Wissenschaft, p. 69-96, 108-32. 
 
 *15. ESSAYS ON TRAGEDY AND ON THE SUBLIME.— Schiller's 
 Theory of the Tragedy. Comparison with his earlier the- 
 ories: "Die Schaubiihne als eine moralische Anstalt betrach- 
 tet" (cf. Topic 9). 
 i. "Ueberden Grund des Vergnugens an tragischen Gegenstan- 
 
 den" (1791). 
 ii. "Ueber die tragische Kunst" (1792). 
 iii. "Ueber das Pathetische" (1793). 
 iv. "Ueber das Erhabene" (1796? pub. 1801). 
 
 SS 10. 1-40, 150-77, 214-31. B 8. 13-54, 119-48, 418-35. S 11. 139- 
 79, 246-74; 12. 264-82. DNL 12. i. 24-59. 66-83, 140-66. C 13. 
 168-203; 14. 58-82; 15. 103-18.— For analysis of content, see Paul
 
 92 ^ PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 Geyer: Schillers asthetisch-sittliche Weltanschauung. Erster Teil, 
 p. 25-28, 45-64. 
 
 Briefe, ed Jonas, cf. Register, Bd. VII, p. xiv (end of vol.). Berger: 
 Schillers Aesthetik, p. 91-105, 195-223. Geyer, 14-24, 28-32, 64-81.— 
 On i-iii only: W. Bolze: Schillers philosophische Begriindung der 
 Aesthetik der Tragodie, p. 58-83, 93-103, 109-19.— On iv only: 
 Berger: Schiller, II. 218-20. Thomas, 276-78. Kuhnemann: Schil- 
 lers philosophische Schriften, p. 74-78. Kuberka: Schillers Idealis- 
 mus, Kap. 4, passim (cf. Inhaltsverzeichnis, p. vii). Tomaschek, 
 p. 208-26. E. Heusermann: Schillers Dramen, 51-59. 
 
 *16. "UEBER ANMUT UND WUERDE" (1793).— Genesis. "Kallias, 
 Oder iiber die Schonheit." — Beauty and Grace. 'Architectonic' 
 beauty and volition. The moral factor. Sense and reason. 
 Impulse and duty. Schiller and Kant. The 'Categorical 
 Imperative' and the Ethical Ideal. 'Die schone Seele.' The 
 morally Beautiful and the morally Sublime. — Grace and 
 Dignity. Characteristics and inter-relation. 
 
 SS 10. 65-125. B 8. 55-118. S U. 189-245. DNL 12. i. 59-115. 
 
 C 14. 5-57. For analysis of content, see Geyer. Erster Teil, p. 32-45. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, Register, Bd. VII, p. xiv. 'Gesprache', ed. Bieder- 
 
 mann, p. 275.— "Kallias-Briefe": Feb, 8, 18, 19, 23, 28, 1793. Cf. 
 
 Berger, II. 174-80. Geyer, 2. Teil, 57-60.— 
 
 Berger: Schiller, II. 161-88. Berger: Schillers Aesthetik, 166-94. 
 
 Kronenberg, II. 492-512. Kiihnemann: S's philos. Schr. 39-57. 
 
 Thomas, 269-76. Tiedge: Schillers Lehre iiber das Schone, 30-51. 
 
 Tomaschek, 187-207. Ueberweg, 181-214. Kuberka, Kap. 4, passim. 
 
 *17. "UEBER DIE AESTHETISCHE ERZIEHUNG DES MEN- 
 SCHEN, in einer Reihe von Briefen" (1795). — Genesis. 
 Letters to Prince of Augustenburg. — Schiller's theory of 
 esthetic education and moral progress. Dependence of 
 ethical culture and of political liberty on esthetic culture. 
 Need of the times. Duty of the artist. — The concept of 
 Beauty: 'Stofftrieb* and 'Formtrieb' — matter and form, feel- 
 ing and reason. Their balance: 'Spieltrieb'. Harmony ot' 
 the esthetic and the ethical ideal, of 'Anmut' and 'Wurde'. 
 Effect upon the individual and the State. 
 
 SS 10. 274-384. B 8. 170-282. S 12. 3-120. DNL 12. i. 217-317. 
 
 C 14. 100-196. For analysis of content see Geyer, 2. Teil, 1-25. — 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, Register, Bd. VII, p. ii. — Berger: Schiller, II. 
 
 191-220. Berger: Schillers Aesthetik, 254-306. Geyer, 2. Teil, 61- 
 
 72. Harnack: Die klassische Aesthetik der Deutschen, 39-77. 
 
 Kronenberg, II. 512-27. Kuberka, Kap. 4, passim (cf. Topic 15). 
 
 Kuhnemann: S's philos. Schr. 57-74. Thomas, 284-87. Tiedge, 
 
 51-104. Tomaschek, 275-317. Ueberweg, 223-49. 
 
 *18. CULTURAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL POEMS.— 
 
 Second Period: 1. "Die Gotter Griechenlands" (1788). 2. "Die 
 Kiinstler" (1789).
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 93 
 
 Third Period: 3. "Das Ideal und das Leben." 4. "Der Spazier- 
 gang" (1795). 5. "Die Ideale." 6. "Wurde der Frauen" (1796). 
 7. "Votivtafeln." 8. "Hoffnung" (1797). 9. "Das Gluck." 10. "Die 
 Worte des Glaubens" (1798) and "Die Worte des Wahns" (1799, 
 pub. 1801). 11. "Das Eleusische Fest" (1799). 12. "Das Lied von 
 der Glocke" (1800). — Numbers 3, 4 and 8 pub. in 'Die Horen'; 
 5, 6, 7, 9, lO.i, 11 and 12 in Schiller's 'Musenalmanach' (abbrev. 
 MA or Ma), which appeared in the latter part of the year preced- 
 ing date. 
 
 In order of titles: B (good brief notes) 1. p. 68, 78, 113, 126, 105, 
 110, 155, 219, 189, 258, 234, 245. Best annotated ed., NoUen: Schil- 
 ler's Poems, p. 41, 77, 69, 75, 86, 119, 120, 112, 152, 138 (No. 11 
 omitted).— SS Bd. 6 and 11. S 1. DNL 1. C 1. (No. 7: S 2. DNL 2. 
 C IS.) — "Das Lied von der Glocke", ed. with introd. and notes, by 
 C. P. Otis (Holt). — N. B. Treat the poems according to the rela- 
 tion of themes, not necessarily in chronological order. 
 
 The Greek ideal. Religion and Beauty. Old and new. — Art and civilization: 
 reciprocal influence and progress. The cultural ideal. — Civic development: man 
 and nature; man and the state. Foundations of civic progress and happiness 
 ("Spaziergang", "Das Eleu. Fest"). — Symbolism of "Das Lied von der 
 Glocke." Dignity of labor. Analogy in human experience: the individual, the 
 state. Political import. — Dignity of woman and the home. — Philosoi)hy of life 
 and religion. Antithesis of the material and the ideal. The goal. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, cf. Register, sub tit. Bd. 7. p. v-ix. Briefwechsel 
 zw. Schiller und Goethe, ed. Muncker, Reg. 4. 238. 'Gesprache', 
 ed. Petersen, Register, p. 477. — Nollen's commentary on the sev- 
 eral poems. Berger, I. S78f, 606-10; IL 288-322, 354-60, and 
 Register, sub tit. Kuhnemann, 302-05, 395-406, 585-89. Thomas, 
 chap. 15 and Index, sub tit. Emil Grosse: Die Kiinstler. Helene 
 Lange: Schillers philosophische Gedichte. J. P. Worden: Schil- 
 ler's Song of the Bell (transl. and com.). Tomaschek: Schiller 
 usw. Reg. sub tit. 
 
 19. SCHILLER AND GOETHE^(1788-1805).— Meeting. Acquaintance. 
 Friendship. Partnership. — Their personal and literary rela- 
 tions. Correspondence. Mutual influence and advantage. 
 Schiller's return to poetry and the drama. Joint labors: 
 "Xenien." 
 
 Schiller's first sight of Goethe (1779). His early study of Goethe. The first 
 year at Weimar (1787-88). Criticism of "Iphigenie" and "Egmont" (without 
 detail). The meeting at Rudolstadt (Sept. 7, 1788). Schiller's impressions, 
 in letters to Kiirner (see below). Distant acquaintanceship (1788-94). Reasons 
 for lack of approach. The discussion at Jena and its sequel. — Schiller's new 
 enterprise. His invitation and Goethe's response. The birthday letter (-'\uK. 
 23, 1794). Schiller's visit. Goethe's welcome of S's friendship. Causes. — 
 "Die Horen" and its critics. The alliance, defensive and offensive. "Die 
 Xenien". Schiller's part. Later association. Goethe at Jena. Schiller's 
 removal to Weimar. Joint direction nf the Theater. Weimar in its zenith. — 
 Schiller's literary production (without detail). The stimulus of Goethe's inter- 
 est and counsel. Works of S. discussed in the Correspondence. Specific assist- 
 ance ("Wallenstein", "Tell"). The 'Balladendenjahr' (1797).— Schiller's 
 threatened removal from Weimar (1804). Goethe's action. — Personal friend 
 ship and esteem. Schiller's illness and death. Goethe's loneliness. His tribute
 
 94 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 in the "Epilog zu Scliillers Lied von der Glocke". Later estimates 
 (Eclierniann's "Gespraclie"). — Nature and significance of the friendship and 
 its results. The complementary character of their personality and genius. 
 Difference of n;eans and community of aims. 
 
 Briefe: J. G. Robertson: Correspondence between Schiller and 
 Goethe. Selections, ed. with introduction (Ginn). Selected letters 
 of S. to G. in Kuhnemann: S's Ausgewahlte Briefe, Bd. 2. Com- 
 plete corresp. ed, by Franz Muncker. 4 Bde. (Cotta, Weltlit.) 
 Detailed indexes in Bd. 4. Schiller: Briefe an Korner: Sept. 12, 
 Dec. 15, 1788; Feb. 2, Mar. 9, 1789 (Briefw. zw. S. u. K., Bd. 1 
 u. 2). "Feuertrunken", p. 420fif. Ibid. p. 464: An Karoline von 
 Wolzogen, Feb. 5, 1789. — 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, p. 24, 39, 
 47, 49f, 63, 229, 231, 256, 284f, 287, 321f, 323f, 330, 345, 367, 373, 
 415, 420, 425. Goethe on Schiller: No. 228-30 usw. Cf. Verzeichnis 
 der Quellenwerke, No. 22, 33, 47-50, 106 (p. 478-81, 486). Ditto, ed. 
 Petersen, p. 17, 20, 30, 150f, 165, 252, 256-7, 263-66, 271, 308, 418f. 
 G. on S.: No. 227, 232a, 239, 245a, 249, 299, 300, 2>i7 , 338, 404-6, 465. 
 Eckermann: Gesprache mit Goethe. Register, s. v. Schiller. 
 Goethe (cf. Second Series, Topic 22): Werke, H 1. 136-39; 27. 
 309-13. J 1. 282-85; 30. 388-93. Goebel: Goethe's Poems, 129-33. 
 Cf. Duntzer, Zeitschrift fiir deutsche Philologie, Bd. 26. 81-105. 
 Idem, Goethe-Jahrbuch, 2. 168-89.— 
 
 Berger, II. Kap. 32. Kronenberg, II. 533-41. Kuhnemann, 376-95. 
 Thomas, chap. 14. Harnack, Kap. 9, 10, passiin. Ludwig, 287-99. 
 Wychgram, Kap. 20. — Grimm: Goethe. 21. Vorlesung. H. von 
 Stein: Goethe und Schiller, p. 7-16, 107-26. B. Suphan, G-J 26. 
 p. 1-22. D. Jacoby, G-J 3. 174-88. T. Vogel, G-J 23. 99-115. 
 G. Portig: Schiller in seinem Verhaltnis zur Freundschaft und 
 Liebe usw. Drittes Buch. 
 *(a) "Xenien." — Joint composition. Persons and things satirized. 
 Reasons for the authors' selections. Significance of the 
 campaign. — Unpublished epigrams of the 'Xenienbuch.' — 
 "Tabulae votivae." 
 "Xenien", original ed.: Musenalmanach auf das Jahr 1797, p. 197- 
 302. B 9. 124-168; cf. ref. to Band 1. 155-82, passim, for the 98 
 "Xenien" (of total 414) later published by Schiller as his (84) or 
 attributed to him (14). — The 324 "Xenien" not claimed by Goethe 
 (6) or Schiller: cf. also S 2. 94-128, and notes. Unpub. epigrams 
 (164): B 9. 169-98. Complete "Xenien" Mss. ed. by B. Suphan, 
 with commentary by Erich Schmidt: Schriften der Goethe-Gesell- 
 schaft, Band 8. — The 'impersonal Xenien', pub. as "Tabulae 
 votivae' (103): Musenalmanach, p. 152-82. B 1. 155-65 (claimed 
 by Schiller, 40, with additions); B 9. 120-24 (S. or G.). S 1. 141-54 
 (Sch.); 2. 129-36 (S. or G.).— 
 
 Briefw. zw. S. u. G., ed. Muncker, 4. 240-41 (topical index). 
 Briefe, ed. Kiihnemann, 2. p. 119-22, 136. Complete index: Jonas, 
 7. p. xvi. — 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, Register, p. 505; ed. 
 Petersen, No. 247. — Berger, II. 323-41. Boas: G. u. S. im Xenien- 
 kampf.
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 95 
 
 =1=20. "UEBER NAIVE UND SENTIMENTALISCHE DICHTUNG" 
 
 (1795-96). — Genesis. Theme. Nature of the 'Naive' and its 
 
 poetic expression; of the 'Sentimental'. Varieties of the 
 
 'Sentimental': Satire, Elegy, Idyl. The Naive and the 
 
 Sentimental Poet compared. Realist and Idealist. 
 
 SS 10. 425-523. B 8. 310-407. S 12. 161-263. DNL 12. i. 341-429. 
 
 C 15. 11-93. — For analysis of content see Geyer, 2. Teil, p. 46-56.- — 
 
 Briefer Jonas, Register, Bd. 7. p. xiv. 'Gesprache', ed. Petersen, 
 
 p. 260f. Berger, II. 220-34. O. Harnack (cf. Topic 17), 78-100. 
 
 Kronenberg, II. 527-33. Kijhnemann: S's philos. Schr. 78-91. 
 
 Thomas, 285-87. Tomaschek, 318-56. Ueberweg, 250-61. 
 
 21. BALLADS AND LATER POEMS.— Sources, Themes and Im- 
 
 port of the Ballads (1797-98). "Das Lied von der Glocke" 
 (1799), cf. Topic 18.— Later Poems, 1795-1805 (except those 
 in Topic 18). 
 Ballads: Der Taucher, Der Handschuh, Der Ring des Polykrates, 
 Die Kraniche des Ibykus, Der Gang nach dem Eisenhammer, Der 
 Kampf mit dem Drachen, Die Biirgschaft (1797-98). Hero und 
 Leander (1801). Der Graf von Habsburg (1803).— Later Poems: 
 Pegasus im Joche (1795). Das Madchen aus der Fremde (1796). 
 Love Lyrics: Die Begegnung, Das Geheimnis, Die Erwartung, 
 An Emma (1796, cf. B. 1. 339). — Reiterlied ("WaHensteins Lager", 
 1798). An Goethe, Die deutsche Muse (1800). Der Antritt des 
 neuen Jahrhunderts, Das Madchen von Orleans (1801). An die 
 Freunde, Thekla (1802). Der Jiingling am Bache (1803). Wilhelm 
 Tell. Lyrics in "Wilhelm Tell", Act I. Sc. 1, IH. 1. "Deutsche 
 Grosse" (fragment), cf. S 1. 327f; 2. 386-90.— 
 SS 11. B 1. SI. DNL 1. C 1. Most convenient ed. is B (good 
 brief notes), cf. chronolog. index B 1. 397-400. Most contained 
 (with introd. and notes) in NoUen: Schiller's Poems, 66-69, 96- 
 168.— 
 
 Briefe: ed. Jonas, cf. Register, Bd. 7. p. v-ix, sub tit. Briefwechsel 
 zw. Schiller und Goethe, ed. Muncker, Reg. 4. 238. 'Gesprache', 
 ed. Petersen, Reg. p. 477. — 
 
 Berger, II. 341-60. E. Elster: S's Balladen. Jhb. d. Freien Deut. 
 Hochstifts. 1904. 265-305. Kuhnemann, 412-18. Ludwig, 318-26. 
 Sime: Schiller, chap. 10, passim. Thomas, chap. 15, passim. 
 H. Viehoff: Schillers Gedichte, erlautert (exhaustive commentary), 
 cf. Reg. viii-x. "Deutsche Grosse": Schriften der Goethe-Gesell- 
 schaft, 1902 (Besondere Gabe). R. Hering: S's "Deutsche Grosse", 
 Jhb. d. F. D. H. 1903. 228-45. Leitzmann, Euphorion, 12. 3-25. 
 
 22. "WALLENSTEIN. Ein dramatisches Gedicht" (1798-99, published 
 
 1800). — "WaHensteins Lager" (1798). "Die Piccolomini" 
 
 (1799). "Wallenstein" (1799), published as "WaHensteins 
 
 Tod." 
 
 SS 12. 1-496. B 4. S 5. DNL 5. i. C 4.— Edited, with introd. and 
 
 notes, by M. Winkler (Macmillan) and by W. H. Carruth (Holt).
 
 86 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 General, for all topics. — Berger, II. Kap. 36. Harnack, Kap. 11. 
 Ludwig, 326-49. Thomas, chap. 16. Wychgram, Kap. 24. — Reading 
 of the complete drama required for all topics. 
 (a) GENESIS. PLOT AND FORM. RECEPTION. — Stage 
 Production. "Prolog." Contemporary criticism. 
 
 Initial impulse to the composition. Preparation begun (1796). Difficulties 
 encountered. Schiller's attitude toward the subject. Effect of his philosophical 
 studies. A new element (the love-drama) introduced. Original (prose) and 
 later (verse) form. Language and verse of "Lager"; of remainder. Lyric 
 and epic passages. Progress of the work. Necessity of division. How divided, 
 originally and later? The 'Vorspiel' ("W's Lager"). Its purpose and relation 
 to the drama proper. — Analysis of plot, "Piccolomini" and "Wallensteins Tod" 
 (without criticism of characters or motivation). Completion and stage produc- 
 tion: "Lager", Oct. '98. "Piccolomini", Jan. '99. "Wallenstein", Apr. '99. — 
 The "Prolog", its occasion, content and import.— Reception of the drama. 
 Publication. Opinions of contemporary critics. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, Bd. III. p. 129, 135, 202, 214, 427; IV. 6, 16, 
 19, 231, 430, 431, 435f, 441; V. 91, 95, 98, 108, 113, 114, 118, 121-3, 
 136, 219, 297, 317, 351, 390f, 432, 436f, 446f, 466f, 477-9; VI. 29, 195, 
 212 (compl. index, Bd. VII. p. xv). Ed. KUhnemann, 2. p. 125-8, 
 146-51, 163f, 180, 182f, 190, 193, 198, 201-3, 205-8. 
 Briefwechsel zw. S. u. G. ed. Muncker, cf. topical index, 4. 239. 
 Robertson: Corresp. betw. S. and G., cf. index, 207. — 'Gesprache', 
 ed. Biedermann, p. 256, 267, 294-99, 302-6, 310, 313-5, 392; ed. 
 Petersen, p. 221, 225, 278, 281f, 286f, 323.— Winkler's introd. 
 p. xxxv-liii. 
 
 Berger, II. 378-402. Bellermann, II. 1-21, 126-56. Bulthaupt, I. 
 315-56, passim. Harnack, 299-305. KUhnemann: Schillers Kantische 
 Studien und die Composition W's, 2. Teil. Idem: Schiller, 419-44. 
 Braun: Schiller im Urtheile usw. II. 342-69, 378-83. De Stael, 
 chap. 18, p. 224-32; transl. Habs, 292-303. Eckermann: Gesprache 
 mit Goethe, cf. Reg, Bd. 3. 
 (b) DRAMATIC STRUCTURE. UNITY OF ACTION. — The 
 Three Parts. Function and Significance of "WALLEN- 
 STEINS LAGER", with critical analysis. 
 
 Critical analysis of technical structure (not story) and motivation of the 
 drama as a whole. '.Spiel' and 'Gegenspiel.' The 'sub-plot' (Max and Thekla) 
 and its purpose.- — Initial impulse and climax of the action. Interrelation of 
 characters and motives. Army, officers, commander. — Unity of the work. Why 
 not a trilogy? — Relation of the "Lager" to what follows. Its purpose: "Sein 
 Lager nur erklaret sein Verbrechen." Characters of the "Lager." Their differ- 
 entiation; its significance. Soldiers and officers. Soldiers and citizens. The 
 picture of contemporary conditions. — Time and place of (entire) action; its 
 duration. — .Stagecraft. Mass scenes. Use of suspense and situation; of tragic 
 irony; of '.Stimmung' (astrological motif etc.). 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, V. p. 432. Bellermann, II. 21-57, 184-88. Berger, 
 II. 402-09. Harnack, 299-310. Kiihnemann, 445-51. Bulthaupt, I. 
 315-27., Weitbrecht, 176-80.— Fischer: Schiller Schr. 337-77. Frey- 
 tag, trans. Mac Ewan: Technique of the Drama, p. 202-9, 236-8. 
 E. Heusermann: Schillers Dramen, 38-59. Freytag: Bilder. Aus 
 dem Jahrhundert des grossen Krieges. Sel. ed. Rhoades (Heath), 
 p. 13-57. Winkler's introd. p. lix-lxiii.
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 9T 
 
 (c) WALLENSTEIN IN HISTORY: THE QUESTION OF 
 
 HIS GUILT. — Accusations and Defense. Nature and value 
 of the evidence. Schiller's verdict in his "History of the 
 Thirty Years' War" and in the drama. 
 For general introd., S. R. Gardiner: The Thirty Years' War. 
 Henderson: Short History of Germany, I. ch. 17, 18. Schiller: 
 Geschichte des dreissigj. Krieges, Buch iv (cf. Topic 14. iii). 
 Ranke: Geschichte Wallensteins, p. 147-86, 233-43, 256-320. Gin- 
 dely, transl. Ten Brook: The Thirty Years' War, I. 376-400, 429- 
 56; II. 1-19, 31-38, 114-88. Landwehr, 31-64. H- Schulz: Wallen- 
 stein und die Zeit des dreissigj. Krieges. Winkler's introd. p. 
 xi-xxxv, liii-Iviii. Carruth's introd. iv-xxxix. Text of Schiller's 
 drama, "Wallenstein." 
 
 (d) THE CHARACTER OF WALLENSTEIN, in the Drama.— 
 
 Characterization in the "Prolog." The office of Art and the 
 means employed. — 'Freiheit und Notwendigkeit.' 'Schicksal 
 und Schuld.' — A critical examination, on the basis of Wal- 
 lenstein's acts and utterances and his relations to the other 
 characters. — On the problems noted, see esp. Bellermann, 
 Hoflfmeister, Petsch, Ziegler. 
 Briefe: to Korner, Nov. 28, 1796; to Bottiger, Mar. 1, 1799 (ed. 
 Jonas, V. 121); Kuhnemann, 2. 147, 206.— Berger, II. 410-17. Bel- 
 lermann, II. 41-51, 57-98. Bulthaupt, I. 327-36. Fielitz, 7-43. 
 Harnack, 310-25. Hoflfmeister, 4. Teil, p. 65-72. Kuhnemann, 460- 
 64. Petsch, 140-208. Thomas, 341-46. Weitbrecht, 136-57. Karl 
 Werder: Vorlesungen iiber S's Wallenstein, 1-130. T. Ziegler: 
 Freiheit u. Notwendigkeit in S's Dramen. Marbacher Schillerbuch 
 (1905), I. p. 32-41. Heusermann, 38-59. 
 
 (e) THE OTHER CHARACTERS AND THEIR RELATION 
 
 TO WALLENSTEIN.— Octavio. Countess Terzky. Buttler 
 and other commanders. — Max and Thekla. Function and 
 import of the Love Drama. 
 
 Conception and portrayal of Octavio. Effect. Other officers. Minor characters 
 (Questenberg, Wrangel, Seni, Gordon etc.). Ws wife. Countess Terzky's 
 role and Lady Macbeth's. — Max and Thekla; their relation to each other and 
 to their environment. Max and Wallenstein; idealist vs. materialist. Effect 
 on our judgment of W: how thereby ennobled? how condemned? Max's 
 death. His action justifiable? Effect on W. Significance of Max's fate: "Das 
 ist das Los des Schonen auf der Erde." 
 
 Brief an Bottiger, Mar. 1, 1799.— Bellermann, II. 26-41, 98-126. 
 Berger, II. 417-31. Bulthaupt, I. 338-51. Hoflfmeister, 4. Teil, 45-59. 
 Kuhnemann, 465-76. Weitbrecht, 157-76. Werder, 177-211. 
 
 23. "MARIA STUART. Ein Trauerspiel" (1800, pub. 1801). 
 
 SS 12. 497-580. B 3. 257-422. S 6. 1-186. DNL 5. ii. 1-194. C 5. 
 1-154. Edited, v^-ith introd. and notes, by J. S. NoUen (Ginn). 
 General. — Berger, II. Kap. 38. Kuhnemann, 494-522. Ludwig, 
 .^52-60. Thomas, chap. 17.
 
 98 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 (a) GENESIS AND SOURCES. PLOT AND STRUCTURE. 
 
 RECEPTION.— Historical and fictitious elements in plot 
 and, background. Stage production. Contemporary criticism. 
 
 Early project of a "Mary Stuart" tragedy (1783). — Preparation begun (Apr. 
 1799). Study and use of sources. Progress of the work. Completion and 
 first performance (June, 1800). Textual changes and why made? — Critical 
 analysis of plot and motivation. Technical structure. The 'Euripidean method.' 
 Unity of the work. — Important unhistorical elements; why introduced? Pub- 
 lication. English translation by Mellish; its relation to original. — Contemporary 
 estimate. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, I. p. 100-102, 107; VI. 26, 4Sf, 56, 59, 65, 84, 181, 
 216. Briefwechsel zw. S. u. G., ed. Muncker, of. topical index, 
 4. 239. 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, p. 119, 335, 337-41; ed. Peter- 
 sen, p. 292-96, 300f. 
 
 Bellermann, II. 189-208. Berger, II. 480-88. Nollen's introd. p. 
 xxvii-xlvii. ' Landwehr, 65-94. Braun: Schiller im Urtheile usw. 
 II. 384-86; III. 84-90; 106-23 and 173-92, passim. 
 
 (b) MARY STUART AND ELIZABETH — IN SCHILLER'S 
 
 DRAMA AND IN HISTORY.— Other characters and their 
 
 relation to Mary and Elizabeth. 
 Bellermann, II. 209-27. Berger, II. 488-593. Bulthaupt, I. 357-75. 
 Fielitz, 44-70. Petsch, 208-14. Weitbrecht, 181-211.— Green: Short 
 History etc. p. 386-95, 417-18, 375-81, 453-54. Landwehr, 65-94. 
 T. F. Henderson: Mary Queen of Scots. Strickland, abr. Kauf- 
 man: Life of Mary Stuart. Lord: Beacon Lights of History, V. 
 221-64. Erich Marcks: Konigin Elisabeth und ihre Zeit. Black- 
 wood's Magazine, vol. CI. 389-414. 
 
 24. "DIE JUNGFRAU VON ORLEANS. Eine romantische Tragodie" 
 (1801). 
 
 SS 13. 167-336. B 5. 13-158. S 6. 187-354. DNL 5. ii. 215-369. C 5. 
 155-284. Edited, with introd. and notes, by Nichols (Holt) and 
 by Allen and Byington (Ginn). 
 
 General. — Berger, II. Kap. 39. Kiihnemann, 519-48. Ludwig, 
 362-75. Thomas, chap. 18. Wychgram, Kap. 26. 
 (a) GENESIS. PLOT AND STRUCTURE. HISTORY AND 
 FICTION. — Import as a drama of patriotism. — Stage pro- 
 duction. Reception. 
 
 Initial impulse unknown. Study and preparation of material. Problems and 
 difficulties. Delight in the subject. Progress and completion. Announcement: 
 "Das Madchen von Orleans" (poem). — Critical analysis of plot and tech- 
 nical structure. Character and function of the 'Prolog'. The three 'pictures' 
 of the Exposition: Johanna at Domremy. The French court. The English 
 camp. — Johanna's entry and its effect on the dramatic action. Her dominating 
 role. — Relation of the drama to history. Historical and fictitious elements in 
 Acts I-III. Identity and portrayal of the principal characters (except Johanna). 
 — First performance (at Leipzig). Other productions. Reception on the stage 
 and in published form. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, Bd. VI. p. 170, 172, 176f, 181f, 190, 234, 243, 
 266-7, 273, 278, 306, 317, 349, 371; VII. 38; ed. Kuhnemann, 2. 
 228-9. Briefwechsel zw. S. u. G., ed. Muncker, cf. topical index, 
 4. 239.— 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, p. 342, 349f, 352-54, 395; ed.
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 99 
 
 Petersen, p. 31 If, 316, 319-22.— 
 
 Bellermann, II. 243-57. Berger, II. 517-69. Bulthaupt, I. 395-400. 
 
 Landwehr, 95-116. Braun: Schiller im Urtheile usw. III. 172, 
 
 193-216,218-26. 
 (b) THE MAID OF ORLEANS IN HISTORY AND IN 
 SCHILLER, SHAKESPEARE AND VOLTAIRE.— Her 
 character in Schiller's drama, in "King Henry VI," Part 
 First, and in "La Pucelle." — The verdict of history. 
 
 The origin and early life of Jeanne Dare. Her 'voices'. Attempted explana- 
 tions. Her achievements (without detail) and their significance. Her end. 
 The sequel. Her present place. — Shakespeare's conception. Inconsistencies 
 and their possible explanation. V'oltaire's satire. Its purpose. Effect on 
 popular conception. Schiller's drama as a 'vindication'. His avowal: "Das 
 Madchen von Orleans", cf. Topic (a). The character of Johanna, as shown 
 by her acts and utterances and her relations to other persons of the drama. 
 Their estimate of her. Johanna's mission and its fulfillment. Her 'tragic guilt' 
 — its nature, motivation and consequences. The import of Schiller's conception, 
 lis justification. The unhistorical ending. The author's purpose. Analogy to 
 the 'operatic ending' of Goethe's "Egmont" (cf. .Second Series, Topic, 17 b">. 
 
 The historical Maid: Green, 288-93. Landwehr, 96-116. Lord, 
 V. 145-83. One of the biographies: Lowell, Parr, Tuckey. — 
 Shakespeare: King Henry VI. Part First, ed. Rolfe. Text and 
 introd. p. 19, 22-25, 129-39. Voltaire: "La Pucelle". Cf. Hettner, 
 II. 229-31. Condorcet: Vie de Voltaire, 78-80. Morley: Voltaire, 
 141-53. Schiller: Berger, II. 522-26. Bellermann, II. 257-325. Bult- 
 haupt, I. 376-95. Fielitz, 71-94. Kirchbach, 16-17, 46-48. Braun: 
 Sch. im Urtheile usw. III. 243-53. — Kummer: Die Jungfrau von 
 Orleans in der Dichtung. 
 *(c) "DIE JUNGFRAU VON ORLEANS" AS A 'ROMANTIC 
 TRAGEDY' — Why so designated? Romantic elements. Use 
 of the supernatural. — Schiller's relation to German Roman- 
 ticism and its representatives. 
 Bellermann, II. 257-64 (Das Wunder). Berger, II. 525-31. Petsch, 
 218-49. A. Ludwig: Schiller und die deutsche Nachwelt, 53-202; 
 cf. Sachregister p. 676. Weitbrecht, 212-32. Braun: Schiller im 
 Urtheile usw. III. 264-78. H. Hettner: Die romantische Schule, 
 88-188, passim. R. M. Werner. Euphorion, xii. 579fif. 
 
 25. "DIE BRAUT VON MESSINA oder Die feindlichen Bruder. 
 Ein Trauerspiel mit Choren" (1803). 
 
 SS 14. 13-128. B 5. 179-276. S 7. 1-120. DNL 6. i. 25-134. C 6. 
 156-248. Edited, with introd. and notes, by W. H. Carruth (Silver, 
 Burdett) and by Karl Breul (Cambridge Univ. Press). For partial 
 bibliography, see Breul's ed., Appendix V. 
 
 General. — Berger, II. Kap. 41. Kuhnemann, 548-64. Ludwig, 393- 
 404. Thomas, chap. 19. Wychgram, Kap. 27, Section II. 
 (a) GENESIS AND FORM. PLOT AND CHARACTERS. 
 
 Initial impulse. Schiller's study of Greek tragedy. Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex". 
 Quest of a subject (cf. letter to Goethe Oct. 2, 1797). Theme of 'the hostile 
 brothers'. Previous treatment. Plans and composition, 1802-3. Completion. — 
 The invented plot. Premises of the action. Critical analysis. The quasi-
 
 100 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 historical background. Significance of place and time. — The four main char- 
 acters. Relation of character and conduct. Questions of probability and con- 
 sistency (of. Carruth's ed. p. 183). Isabella's secrecy. The 'lavish use of 
 silence'. Oracles and ancestral guilt. — The two choruses. Their allegiance 
 and sentiments.- — Dramatic and poetic form. Lyric parts. Languajje and style. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, Bd. VI. 277, 427. Briefwechsel zw. S. u. G., ed. 
 Muncker, cf. topical index, 4. 239. 'Gesprache', ed. Biedermann, 
 p. 369, 372, 380f; ed. Petersen, p. 347, 349, 352.— 
 Bellermann, III. 4-43, 53-73. Berger, II. 604-07, 614-35. Weit- 
 brecht, 233-59. F. Piquet. Revue Germanique, 8. 266-79. 
 (b) THE GREEK ELEMENT: CHORUS AND FATE MOTIF. 
 — Stage production. Reception and influence. 
 "Ueber den Gebrauch des Chors in der Tragodie." 
 SS 14. 3-12. B 5. 169-78. S 16. 118-28. DNL 6. i. 15-24. C 6. 145- 
 55. Breul's ed. of "Die Braut von Messina," 239-47; Carruth's 
 td. 121-32. 
 
 Schiller's drama a revival or a modernization of Greek tragedy? His ideas 
 on the subject (cf. letters to Goethe, index, Muncker, 4. 239). Use of fate- 
 motifs. 'Machinery' of the fate-tragedy. Arguments for and against classifi- 
 cation of the "Braut von M." as a fate-tragedy. Relation of the characters 
 to their fate. External forces: curse, heredity, oracles etc.; internal: character 
 and conduct. 'Freiheit und Notwendigkeit.' 'Schicksal und Schuld.' — Schil- 
 ler's Chorus, and his defense of it. Comparison with Greek chorus. Division. 
 Its double function; how exemplified. — Production at Weimar and Berlin. 
 Difficulties. Limited appreciation. Contemporary criticism. Merits and defects. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, Bd. VII. p. 10, 17, 24f, 29f, 57f.— Bellermann, 
 III. 12-53, 73-93. Berger, II. 598-614, 635-42. Bulthaupt, I. 407-32. 
 Carruth's ed. 148-55. Harnack, 366-82. Hoffmeister, 5. Teil, 72-93, 
 100-113. Kirchbach, 5-9, 48-51. Petsch, 252-69. Thomas, 391-404. 
 Weitbrecht, 243-59. S. W. Cutting. Modern Philology, 5. 347-60. 
 
 26. "WILHELM TELL. Schauspiel" (1804). 
 
 SS 14. 267-426. B 5. 289-426. S 7. 121-284. DNL 6. i. 147-312. 
 C 6. 9-134. Edited, with introd. and notes, by A. H. Palmer 
 (Holt) and by E. C. Roedder (American Book Co.). 
 General. — Berger, II. Kap. 43. Harnack, 383-95. Kijhnemann, 
 564-78. Ludwig, 404-15. Thomas, chap. 20. Wychgram, Kap. 28. 
 
 (a) GENESIS AND SOURCES. RECEPTION.— History, Myth 
 and Legend. The Master Shot. — Stage production. Con- 
 temporary criticism. 
 
 Goethe's interest in the Tell theme (1797-98). His plan abandoned. Rumor 
 of a Tell drama by Schiller. He considers the subject (1802); begins work 
 (1803); progres's and completion (1804). Produced in Weimar (Mar. 17), 
 Berlin (July 4), and elsewhere. Contemporary estimate. — Schiller's sources. 
 Tschudi's Chronicle and his use of it. Johannes von Muller and other 
 'authorities.' His study of 'Land und Leute.' Topography. Local color. 
 'Atmosphere.' — The history. The Swiss under Austrian dominion. The cer- 
 tain facts. — Origin and development of the legend of the Forest Cantons. 
 Fictitious persons and incidents. The Tell legend. Its immediate and remoter 
 origin. Saxo's story of Toko. Its use by Swiss chroniclers. Some parallel 
 accounts. Widespread occurrence. The mythical element and its interpretation. 
 
 Briefer ed. Jonas, Bd. VI. 363, 365, 414; VII. 35, 57, 61, 74, 99-101, 
 131, 137; ed. Kuhnemann, II. 259f. Muncker: Briefw. zw. S. u. G.,
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER lOl 
 
 cf. topical index, 4. 239. 'Gesprache', ed. Petersen, p. 313, 361f, 
 
 376f; ed. Biedermann, p. 303-5, 322, 347, 382, 443-44, 458.— 
 
 Berger, II. 660-72, 693-98. Bellermann, III. 163-76. Kettner: 
 
 Schillers W. T., 1-82. Palmer's ed. Introd. p. xxxiv-lxiii. Roed- 
 
 der's ed. 41-52, 271-74. Wychgram, 470-83. Braun: Schiller im 
 
 Urtheile usw. III. 378-95, 399-408. Eckermann: Gesprache mit 
 
 Goethe, cf. Reg. s.v. Schiller, Wilhelm Tell. — Saxo Grammaticus 
 
 (died c. 1208), ed. Holder, Bk. X, p. 329-32; transl. (in part) 
 
 Elton, 391f. Aegidius Tschudi (1505-1572): Chronicon Helveticum, 
 
 sel. ed. P. Meyer: Bericht iiber d. Befreiung d. Waldstiitte; 
 
 cf. Thomas & Hervey's German Reader, p. 121-28. A. Bernoulli: 
 
 Die Sagen von Tell und Stauffacher. Rochholz: Tell und Gessler, 
 
 p. 33-82. Wlislocki. Zeits. fur deut. Philologie, Bd. 22. 99-114. 
 
 J. Doran: W. T. a Scotsman. — Brief review of Tell legend and 
 
 its literature in Encyclop. Brit. 11th ed. s. v. 'Tell'. 
 
 (b) CHARACTERS AND STRUCTURE.— IMPORT.— Tell, his 
 
 Character and his Deeds. The Swiss People. The Nobles. 
 
 — The 'three plots': their course and inter-relation. — Import 
 
 as a drama of Liberty. Why 'ein National-Stiick'? 
 
 Tell's outstanding traits (as husband, father, hunter, subject, fellow-citizen 
 etc.). How shown to be a man of impulse and courage, a man of deeds, not 
 of words? Tell and Gessler. Their earlier relation and its bearing on the 
 estimate of Tell. The two mooted questions in his characterization: the apple- 
 shot, the killing of Gessler. Objections and defense. His motives. Analysis 
 of his monolog. Its import. Tell and Parricida. Effect and explanation of 
 Tell's attitude. — Representatives of the Swiss People, esp. Stauffacher and 
 Gertrud. The Riitli Council. Import of the deliberations. — Attinghausen and 
 Rudenz: the old order and the new. Bertha's function. — Independence of the 
 three plots. Ideas and motives connecting them. — Political import of the 
 drama. The conception of liberty. Relation to the German ideal. Contem- 
 porary significance of the drama for Germany. 
 
 Bellermann, III. 117-63. Berger, II. 670-93. Kettner: Schillers 
 W. T. 54-156. Bulthaupt, I. 433-54. Kirchbach, lOf, 51-53. Petsch, 
 269-78. H. V. Stein: Goethe u. Schiller, 98-106. Thomas, 409-22, 
 457-59. Weitbrecht, 260-69. 
 
 *(c) SCHILLER AS POET OF LIBERTY. — The evolution of 
 Schiller's ideal, from "Die Rauber" to "Wilhelm Tell." — 
 Political and moral Freedom. 
 
 The idea of Freedom in the early dramas. Individual liberty in "Die Rauber"' 
 (Karl Moor's ideal). 'Republican' liberty in "Fiesco." Equality of private 
 rights in "Kabale und Liebe." Virtuous plebeian vs. vicious aristocrat. Free- 
 dom of conscience in "Don Carlos" (Posa's ideal). Humanity vs. monarchy. 
 — Philosophical studies and their sequel. Self-mastery. The harmony of reason 
 and feeling: "Ueber Anmut und Wiirde." Harmony of the Natural State and 
 the Moral State. Esthetic and moral culture prerequisite to political liberty. 
 Relation to the sjnrit of the times (French Revolution) : "Ueber die asthetische 
 Erziehung des Menschen", Briefe 1-10. Subjection of the material to the 
 ideal: "Das Ideal und das I.eben." — Schiller's attitude toward the French Revo- 
 lution: "Das Lied von der Glocke", lines 300-3S1, and the poem "Wilhelm 
 Tell" (1804). Cf. Karoline von Wolzogen: Schiller's Leben, p. 202f. His 
 diploma of French citizenship (cf. Wychgram, Kap. 19, first 4 pp.). — The 
 'declaration of rights' in the drama, "Wilhelm Tell". Nature of the protest 
 and the resistance. The play as an expression of the German ideal. Schiller's
 
 i«2 PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 final conception in comparison and contrast with its earlier forms. His 
 'aristocracy.' Goethe's estimate. — (This topic requires first-hand study of the 
 foregoing works and should be undertaken only on the basis of previous 
 acquaintance with most of them. The subject may be delimited by considering 
 only its political aspect, as reflected in the dramas and the two poems, "Das 
 Lied von der Glocke" and "Wilhelm Tell.") 
 
 Incidental comment on this subject will be found in some of the 
 works referred to under the respective topics, but the material 
 must, in the main, be extracted from Schiller's writings. Kirch- 
 bach and Petsch, and the indexes of Berger, Ludwig, Thomas 
 and Wychgram should be consulted s. v. 'Freiheit', 'Revolution' 
 etc.; similarly the indexes of Schiller's 'Gesprache', ed. by Bieder- 
 mann and Petersen, and Hecker's "Schillers Persdnlichkeit"; of 
 Muncker: Briefwechsel zw. Schiller und Goethe, Reg-. Bd. 4; of 
 Eckermann's "Gesprache mit Goethe", s. v. Schiller. — M. D. 
 Learned. German American Annals, New Series, 3. 218-33. 
 
 27. DRAMATIC FRAGMENTS. 
 
 (a) "DEMETRIUS" (1804-05).— Genesis and Sources. Plot and 
 Characters of the completed scenes (including original First 
 Act). Scenarium of the remainder. 
 
 SS 15. ii. 323-592. B 5. 447-504; 10. 301-492. S 8. 1-108. DNL 8. 
 208-495. C 16. 33-136. Standard critical edition: G. Kettner, 
 Schillers Dramatischer Nachlass, Bd. 1. Weimar, 1895. — C, also 
 edited by Kettner, contains excellent introd. and selections from 
 scenarium. 
 
 Attractiveness of the Demetrius theme. Interest in Russian history. Betrothal 
 and marriage of Prince Karl Friedrich (1804). Beginning and interruptions 
 of Schiller's preparation. Collection of material. His plan. Actual composi- 
 tion begun (Nov. 1804). Progress (Mar. Apr. 1805). Content of completed 
 portions. Act I dropt. The elaborate scenarium. — -Sources. Historical facts. 
 Events following the death of Ivan the Terrible (1584). Boris Godunoff. The 
 end of Rurik's line (1S91). Influential nobles. The Romanoffs. Appearance 
 of Dmitri (1604). His following. Victory and subsequent death of Boris 
 (Apr. 1605). Fate of his family. Dmitri enters Moscow (June 20, 1605). 
 His reign. Blunders. Marriage, May 18, 1606. Rebellion, May 29. His end. 
 Interregnum. Accession of Michael Romanoff, 1613. — Identity and character 
 of Dmitri. The three hypotheses: genuine heir, conscious, unwitting impostor. 
 Schiller's conception and portrayal. Effective scenes and situations executed. 
 The rejected first act. The Diet scene. Other characters. Motivation. Marfa's 
 role. Its significance, as planned. — Main points in the scenarium. Boris and 
 his family. The climax of Demetrius' career. His discovery and its effect. 
 Triumph and reversal. Marina's role. D's fate. Import of the drama, as 
 conceived by Schiller. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, Bd. VII. 158, 222. 241. 'Gesprache', ed. Bieder- 
 mann, p. 414, 425-29; ed. Petersen, p. 374f, 422.— 
 Bellermann, III. 281-330. Berger, II. 725-40. Bulthaupt, I. 455- 
 65. Harnack, 410-13. Petsch, 281-95. Thomas, 428-32. Leitzmann. 
 Euphorion, 4. 509-37. 
 *(b) "DIE MALTESER" (1788f) and "WARBECK" (1799f).— 
 Genesis and sources. Theme and import. Relation to other 
 dramas. Plot and characters of completed portions. Plans 
 for continuation.
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 103 
 
 SS 15. i. 87-145, 174-258. B 10. 11-72, 139-218. S 8. 167-204, 
 109-166. DNL 8. 17-72, 110-184. C 16. 196-227, 137-186.— Critical 
 ed. by G. Kettner: Schillers Dramatische Entwiirfe und Frag- 
 mente (1899), 196-227, 137-186. G. Witkowski: Aus Schillers 
 Werkstatt, 27-93, 157-247. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, cf. Reg. Bd. VII. p. iv, xv, Muncker: Briefw. 
 zw. S. u. G., Reg. Bd. 4, 239.— Bellermann, III. 200-16, 262-80. 
 Berger, II. 514-16. Petsch, 278-81 . Thomas, 432-37. Leitzmann. 
 Euphorion, Bd. 5, 4. Erganzungsheft, p. 80-89. 
 
 •28. CRITICISM AND ADAPTATION OF GERMAN MASTER- 
 PIECES.— Reviews of "Egmont" (1788) and "Iphigenie auf 
 Tauris". 'Biihnenbearbeitung' of "Egmont" (1796), "Iphi- 
 genie auf Tauris" (1802, not printed) and "Nathan der 
 Weise" (1801). — Acquaintance with these four dramas is 
 prerequisite. 
 
 i. "Ueber Goethes Iphigenie auf Tauris" (1789). 
 
 SS 6. 239-63. B 13. 306-36. S 16. 195-226. DNL 12. ii. 284-313. 
 
 Briefe, ed Jonas, Reg. Bd. VII. p. xiii-xiv. Muncker: Briefw. zw. 
 
 S. u. G., Reg. 4. 240. Winkler's ed. of Goethe's "Iphigenie", 
 
 p. Ixviii-lxxi. Berger, I. 595; II. 477f. 
 ii. "Ueber Egmont, Trauerspiel von Goethe" (1788). 
 
 SS 6. 80-91. B 13. 295-306. S 16. 179-90. DNL 12. ii. 274-84. 
 
 C 15. 154-64 Winkler's ed. of Goethe's "Egmont", p. 153-67. 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, cf. Reg. Bd. VII. p. xiii. Schiller: Des Grafen 
 
 Lamoral von Egmont Leben und Tod. SS 9. 3-26. DNL 10. i. 
 
 303-25. Winkler's ed. of Goethe's "Egmont", p. 119-50. Berger, 
 
 I. 586f. Thomas, 223-25. 
 iii. GOETHE'S "EGMONT", fur die Buhne bearbeitet (1796; pub- 
 lished 1857). 
 
 SS 15. ii. 1-84. DNL 7. 243-323 (most convenient edition). 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, cf. Reg. Bd. VII. p. xiv. 'Gesprache', ed. Bieder- 
 
 mann, p. 443; ed. Petersen, p. 362f. Eckermann: Gesprache mit 
 
 Goethe, Bd. 2, Feb. 19, 1829. Muncker: Briefw. zw. S. u. G., Reg. 
 
 4. 240. A. Koster: Schiller als Dramaturg, p. 1-10. Thomas: Schil- 
 ler, p. 438f. 
 iv. LESSING'S "NATHAN DER WEISE", fur die Buhne bearbei- 
 tet (1801). 
 
 SS 15. ii. 85-228. DNL 7. 325-478 (most convenient ed.). 
 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, Bd. VII. p. xiv. Muncker: Briefw. zw. S. u. G. 
 
 4. 240. Koster, 127-44. Berger, II. 477. Thomas, 439f. Braun: 
 
 Schiller, III. 228f. 
 
 *29. TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN DRAMAS.— Euripides' "Iphi- 
 genie in Aulis", Shakespeare's "Macbeth", Gozzi's "Turan- 
 dot." — Treatment, linguistic and critical. Modifications in 
 form and content, 
 i. "IPHIGENIE IN AULIS" (1789).— Schiller's studies in Greek 
 drama. Relation of the classical and the modern.
 
 10^ PROGRAM OF TOPICS 
 
 SS 6. 151-238. B 11. 77-164. S 10. 75-161. DNL 6. ii. 1-81. 
 C 7. 9-82. English transl. of Euripides's drama by A. S. Way. 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, cf. Reg. Bd. VII. p. x. Jonas, Archiv fur 
 Lit'gesch. Bd. 7, p. 195-203. Berger, I. 580f. 
 ii. "MACBETH" (1801). Schiller and Shakespeare.— Use of earlier 
 
 translations and of the original. Treatment of the Witches. 
 
 Minor changes. 
 SS 13. 1-166. B 11. 191-294. S 9. 1-116. DNL 6. ii. 11-209. C 7. 
 107-96. Briefe, ed. Jonas, cf. Reg. Bd. VII. p. xi. Muncker: 
 . Briefw. zw. S. u. G. Reg. 4. 239. Zimmer, B 11. 364-67. Koster: 
 Schiller als Dramaturg, 74-126. Berger, II. 467-70. Thomas, 442. 
 Braun: Schiller, III. 216f. Otto Ludwig: Shakespeare-Studien 
 (Leip. 1872), p. 13f, 67-74. Karl Werder: Vorlesungen iiber Shake- 
 speare's Macbeth. 
 iii. "TURANDOT, Prinzessin von China" (1802).— Gozzi's Marchen- 
 
 drama. The form of Schiller's version. Treatment of the 
 
 characters, esp. Turandot. The riddles. 
 SS 13. 337-492. B 12. 3-106. S 9. 117-234. DNL 7. 7-109. C 8. 1-94. 
 Briefe, ed. Jonas, cf. Reg. Bd. VII. p. xiv. Muncker: Briefw. 
 Reg. 4. 239. Zimmer, B 12. 454f. Koster, 147-214. Berger, II. 471- 
 74, Bulthaupt, I. 401-06. Thomas, 442. Braun: Schiller, III. 227f, 
 340f.— For the riddles cf. B 1. 275-82, 351f. A. Wunsche: Zeits. fiir 
 vergleichende Lit'gesch., Neue Folge, Bd. 9, p. 441-43. 
 
 30. i. LAST YEARS (1800-1805). THE END. 
 
 ii. SCHILLER, AUTHOR AND MAN.— The verdict of contem- 
 poraries and of posterity. (Topic ii, in briefer form, may be 
 combined with Topic i, or may be treated separately in 
 greater detail.) 
 Life and work at Weimar. Joint direction of the theater. Triumphs. En- 
 nobled (1802). Mme. de Stael at Weimar (1803). Her impressions of Schil- 
 ler. Critics and enemies. Goethe's support. Visit to Berlin (1804). The 
 invitation. Negotiations and the outcome (cf. Stolzel). Prince Karl Friedrich's 
 marriage to Maria Paulowna (1804). Schiller's tribute: "Huldigung der 
 Kiinste." Last labors. Plans. Schiller's "Kalender." Death, May 9, 1805. 
 Goethe's grief and his tribute ("Epilog"). The verdict. — Schiller's descendants. 
 • — Some personal traits — from his life, letters and works. The estimates of 
 contemporaries. 
 
 i. "DIE HULDIGUNG DER KUENSTE" (1804). 
 
 SS 15. i. 1-14. B 5. 429-40. S 7. 341-52. DNL 6. 321-32. C 6. 
 134-44. Schillers Kalender vom 18. Juli, 1795-1805. Neue Ausgabe, 
 ed. Miiller. Briefe, ed. Kiihnemann, Bd. 2. p. 224-302, passim. 
 Goethe: "Epilog zu Schillers Lied von der Glocke." Werke, H 1. 
 136-39. J 1. 282-85. (cf. Topic 19 and Second Series, Topic 22, 
 Syllabus, p. 50). Eckermann: Gesprache mit Goethe, Reg. s. v. 
 Schiller. — 
 
 Berger, II. Kap. 27, 40, 42, 44. Harnack, Kap. 15, passim. Kiihne- 
 mann, 589-604. Ludwig, 375-92, 415-24. Thomas, chap. 21. Wych- 
 gram, Kap. 29, 30. (Of foregoing six read Berger, Thomas and 
 one other.) — Stolzel: Schillers Berufung nach Berlin.
 
 THIRD SERIES: SCHILLER 1«^5 
 
 Berger, II. Kap. 45. Ludwig: Schiller, 425-39. Thomas, chap. 22. 
 A. Ludwig: Schiller und die deutsche Nachwelt, Kap. 1, 2. — Personal 
 traits: Hecker: Schillers Personlichkeit, 3 Bde. 'Gesprache', ed. 
 Biedermann, cf. Topical Index B, 2. p. 503-04; ed. Petersen, Top. 
 Ind. B, p. 478-80. Eckermann: Gesprache (see under Topic i.). 
 Goethe: Epilog (ditto), Goethe-Briefe, ed. Ph. Stein, cf. Reg. 
 4 in Bd. 3-8, s. v. Schiller. Streicher: Schillers Flucht, passim. 
 De Stael: De L'Allemagne, Part II. chap. 8; transl. Habs 
 (Reclam), Bd. 1. p. 186-90. K. von Wolzogen: Schillers Leben 
 (Cotta ed.), 267-79. Kuhnemann: Schillers Kantische Studien 
 usw. Theil III (S's Personlichkeit). E. Miiller: Schiller. Intimes 
 aus seinem Leben. J. G. Robertson: Schiller after a Century.
 
 10« NOTES AND ADDENDA
 
 NOTES AND ADDENDA 
 
 107
 
 108 
 
 General Bibliography 
 
 For references to complete and partial bibliographies of Lessing, 
 Goethe and Schiller, see Bibliographical Notes, pages 5, 28 and 70, 
 respectively. This bibliography includes all books and journal articles 
 cited in the Syllabus. An author's name or a date enclosed in ( ) 
 did not appear on the original title-page. The publisher's name is 
 given in a few instances, mainly of annotated text-editions. For 
 explanation of abbreviations, see page 2. 
 
 Adams, Sarah H. See Grimm, Herman: Essays. Idem: Goethe. 
 Alfieri, Vittorio. Tragedies, transl. Charles Lloyd. 3 vols. London, 1815. 
 Allen (Philip S.) and Byington (Steven T.). Schiller's "Jungfrau von 
 
 Orleans", edited. Berlin, New York. Ginn (1909). 
 "Alles um Liebe." Goethes Briefe aus der ersten Halfte seines Lebens, 
 
 herausgeg. Ernst Hartung. 'Biicher der Rose.' Ebenhausen bei 
 
 Miinchen (1906). 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic. Herausgeg. R. von Liliencron u. 
 
 F. X. Wegele. 56 Bde. Leipz. 1875-1912. 
 Alt, Karl. Goethe und seine Zeit. Leipzig, 1911. 
 Andress, J. Mace. Johann Gottfried Herder as an Educator. New 
 
 York (1916). 
 Appall, Johann Wilhelm. Werther und seine Zeit. 4. Aufl. Olden- 
 burg, 1896. 
 Arnim, Bettina von. Goethes Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde. Heraus- 
 geg. von Heinz Amelung. Berlin. (Deut. Verlagshaus, Bong 
 
 u. Co. o. J.) 
 Baechtold, Jakob. Goethes Gotz von Berlichingen. In dreifacher 
 
 Gestalt. Freiburg, 1888. 
 Goethes Iphigenie auf Tauris. In vierfacher Gestalt. Freiburg 
 
 u. Tubingen, 1883. 
 Bartels, Adolf. Handbuch zur Geschichte der deut. Literatur. 2. Aufi. 
 
 Leipzig, 1909. 
 Baumer, Gertrud. Goethes Satyros. Leipzig, 1905. 
 Baumgart, H. Goethes Faust als einheitliche Dichtung erkliirt. 2 I'de. 
 
 K6nigsberg, 1893, 1902. 
 Bausteine zur Geschichte der neueren deut. Literatur. Herausgeg. 
 
 Franz Saran. Bd. 1-15. Halle a. S., 1909-15. 
 Beaumarchais, Pierre Caron de. Quatrieme Memoire a consulter .... 
 
 contra M. Goezman (Paris, 1774). Fragment de mon voyage 
 
 d'Espagne: ed. M. de Lescure. Clavijo. Paris, 1880. 
 Bellermann, Ludwig. Schiller. (Biography) Leip. Berl. Wien, 1901. 
 Schillers Dramen. Beitrage zu ihrem Verstandnis. 3 Bande. 
 
 4. Aun. Berlin, 1908. (Cited as 'Bellermann') 
 Berendt, Hans. Goethes Wilhelm Meister. Ein Beitrag zur Ent- 
 
 stahungsgeschichte. Dortmund, 1911. 
 Berger, A. E. Friedrich der Grosse und die deutsche Literatur. 
 
 Bonn, 1890.
 
 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 109 
 
 Berger, Karl. Die Entwicklung von Schillers Aesthetik. Weimar, 1894. 
 
 Schiller. Sein Leben und seine Werke. 2 Bde. Miinchen, 1904, 
 
 19U8. 6. AulL 1910, 1911. (Cited as 'Berger') 
 
 Schi'llers Doppelliebo. Marbachcr Schillerbucli, III (1909) 163-84. 
 
 Berlichingen, Gotz von. Lebens-Beschreibung des Herrn Gozens von 
 
 Berlichingen. Niirnberg, 1731. Repr. in 'Quellenschriften', No. 2. 
 
 Halle, 1886. In modernized German by Miiller. Reclams Uni- 
 
 versalbibl. 1556. 
 Bernouilli, August. Die Sage von Tell und Staufifacher. Basel, 1899. 
 Bettelheim^ Anton. Beaumarchais. 1886. 2. Aufl. Miinchen, 1911. 
 Biedermann, F. Freiherr von. Schillers Gesprache und andere Zeug- 
 
 nisse aus seinem Umgang. Leipzig. Hesse (1913). 
 Biedermann, Karl. Deutschland im XVIII. Jahrhundert. 4 Bde. 
 
 2. Ausg. Leip. 1880. Sel. ed. John A. Walz. N. Y. Holt. 1905. 
 Biedermann, Woldemar von. Goethes Gesprache. 10 Bande. Leipzig, 
 
 1889-96. 2. Aufl. 5 Bande. Leipzig, 1908-09. 
 Bielschowsky, Albert. Das Schwiegerling'sche Puppenspiel vom 
 
 Doktor Faust. Brieg, 1882. 
 
 Friederike und Lilli. Miinchen, 1906. 
 
 Goethe. Sein Leben und seine Werke. 2 Bde. Miinchen, 1897, 
 
 1904. 26. Aufl. 1913. Transl. William A. Cooper: The Life of 
 Goethe. 3 vols. New York, 1905-08. 
 
 Billeter, Gustav. Wilhelm Meisters Theatralische Sendung. Mit- 
 teilungen iiber die wiedergefundene erste Fassung von Wilhelm 
 Meisters Lehrjahren. Zurich, 1910. 
 Blumner, Hugo. Lessings Laokoon, herausgeg. u. erlautert. 2. Aufl. 
 
 Berlin, 1880. 
 Boas, Eduard. Goethe und Schiller im Xenienkampf. Stuttgart, 1851. 
 Boccaccio, Giovanni. Transl. W. K. Kelly: The Decameron. London 
 
 (Bohn), 1861. 
 Bode, Wilhelm. Charlotte von Stein. Berlin, 1910. 
 Bohtlingk, Arthur. Goethe und Shakespeare. Leipzig, 1909. 
 
 ■ Lessing und Shakespeare. Leipzig, 1909. 
 
 Bolze, Wilhelm. Schillers philosophische Begriindung der Aesthetik 
 
 der Tragodie. Leipzig, 1913. 
 Boos, Heinrich. Geschichte der Freimaurerei. 2. Aufl. Aarau, 1906. 
 Borchardt, Hans H. Die Entstehungsgeschichte von "Erwin und 
 
 Elmire." G-J, 32. 73-82. 
 Boy-ed, Ida. Charlotte von Kalb. Jena, 1912. 
 Boyesen, Hjalmar H. Goethe and Schiller. Their Lives and Works. 
 
 Including a Commentary on Goethe's Faust. 7th ed. New 
 
 York, 1894. 
 Brahm, Otto. Schiller. Band I. Bd. II. 1. Halfte. Berlin, 1888, 1892. 
 Die Biihnenbearbeitung des "Gotz von Berlichingen." G-J, 2. 
 
 190-216. 
 Brandes, Georg, Wolfgang Goethe. 2 vols. Kjobenhavn. Kristiania, 
 
 1915. (In Danish. English transl. to appear.) 
 — — William Shakespeare. London, 1902.
 
 110 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 Bratranek, F. T. Nachtrage zur Goethe-Correspondenz. Klinger. 
 
 G-J, 3. 257L 
 Braun, Julius W. Goethe im Urtheile seiner Zeitgenossen. 3 Bde. 
 
 Berl: 1883-85. 
 
 Lessing im Urtheile seiner Zeitgenossen. 3 Bde. Leip. 1884-97, 
 
 Schiller im Urtheile seiner Zeitgenossen. 3 Bde. Leip. 1882. 
 
 Braun^ Wilhelm A. Types of Weltschmerz in German Poetry, N. Y. 
 
 1905. 
 Breul, Karl. Schiller's "Die Braut von Messina", edited. Cambridge 
 
 (Eng.), 1913. 
 Briefwechsel zwischen Lessing und Eva Konig, herausgeg. E. Dorffel. 
 
 2 Bde. Stuttgart. Cotta, Weltlit. (o. J.) 
 Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Goethe, herausgeg. Franz Muncker. 
 
 4 Bde. Stuttgart. Cotta, Weltlit. (o. J.) 
 Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Korner, herausgeg. L. Geiger. 
 
 4 Bde. Stuttgart. Cotta, Weltlit. (o. J.) 
 Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Lotte, herausgeg. W. Fielitz. 3 
 
 Bde. Stuttgart, Cotta. 
 Bruinier, Johann W. Faust vor Goethe. Heft 1: Das Engelsche 
 
 Volksschauspiel als Fiilschung erwiesen. Halle, 1894. 
 Brunnemann, Karl. Der historische Don Karlos. Archiv fiir das 
 
 Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literatur., Band 35. 145-58. 
 Biichner, Wilhelm. Selbsterlebtes in Goethes Tasso. G-J, 15. 178-86. 
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 frau von O.") Euphorion, 12. 579f. 
 
 Die erste Auffiihrung des Gotz von Berlichingen. G-J, 2. 87-100.
 
 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 127 
 
 Die erste Bearbeitung der Emilia Galotti. Zeits. fur deut. 
 
 Altertum, 25. 241-44. 
 
 Lessing. Leipzig, 1908. 
 
 Lessings Emilia Galotti. Berlin, 1882. 
 
 Wilamowitz-Mollendorff, Ulrich von. Goethes Pandora. Festvortrag, 
 
 1898. G-J, 19. 
 Wiehr, J. Lessing's "Minna von Barnhelm", edited. Oxford Press. 
 
 New York, 1910. 
 Wilbrandt, Adolf. Goethes Faust. Fiir die Biihne in drei Abenden 
 
 eingerichtet. "VVien, 1900. 
 Wilm, E. C. Schiller's Philosophy. Boston, 1912. 
 
 Wilmanns, Wilhelm. Ueber Goethes Erwin und Elmire. G-J, 2. 146-67. 
 Winckelmann, Joh. Joachim. Gedanken iiber die Nachahmung der 
 
 griechischen Werke in der Malerei und der Bildhauerkunst, 1755. 
 Winkler, Max. Goethes "Egmont", edited. Boston, N. Y. Ginn. 1898. 
 < Goethes "Iphigenie auf Tauris". edited. New York. Holt. (1905) 
 
 Lessing's "Emilia Galotti", edited. New York. Heath. 1895. 
 
 Schiller's "Wallenstein", edited. New York. Macmillans. 1901. 
 
 Winter (F.) und Kilian (E.). Zur Biihnengeschichte des Gotz v. 
 
 Berlichingen. Hamburg, 1891. 
 Witkowski, Georg. Aus Schillers Werkstatt. Seine dramatischen 
 Plane und Bruchstiicke. Leipzig. Hesse. 1910. 
 
 Der Erdgeist im Faust. G-J, 17. 122-37. 
 
 Aristoteles und Shakespeare in Lessings Hamburgische Drama- 
 turgic. Euphorion, 2. 517-29. 
 
 Goethe. Leip. Berl. Wien, 1899. 
 
 Goethes Faust. Band 1: Text, 1. u. 2. Teil, Urfaust, Entwiirfe 
 
 und Skizzen. Band 2: Kommentar. Leipzig, 1906. 
 
 Goethes Faust. Fiir die Biihne eingerichtet. Leip. Reclam (1906). 
 
 Wlislocki, Heinrich von. Zum Tellenschuss. Zeits. fiir deut. Philo- 
 
 logie, 22. 99-114. 
 Wolff, Eugen. Das sogenannte Hamburger Preisausschreiben. Zeits. 
 
 fiir deut. Philol. 21. 39f. 
 
 Der junge Goethe. Oldenburg u. Leipzig, (o. J.) 
 
 Faust und Luther. Halle, 1912. 
 
 Mignon. Miinchen, 1909. 
 
 (Wolzogen, Karoline von). Schillers Leben. Stgt. u. Tubingen, 1830. 
 Repr. in Cottasche Bibl. der VVeltlit. (1884). 
 
 Wood, Henry. Faust-Studien. Berlin, 1912. 
 
 Woodbridge, Elisabeth. The Drama. Its Law and its Technique. 
 Bost. Chic. (1898). 
 
 Worden, James Perry. Schiller's "Song of the Bell". Transl., with 
 historical introd. etc. Halle and New York, 1900. 
 
 Wundt, Max. Goethes Wilhelm Meister. Berlin u. Leipzig, 1913. 
 
 Wiinsche, August. Das Ratsel vom Jahr usw. Zeits. fiir vergleichende 
 Lit'gesch. Neue Folge, Bd. 9. 441-43. Weimar, 1896. 
 
 Wychgram, Jakob. Schiller, dem deutschen Volke dargestellt. Biele- 
 feld und Leipzig, 1893. (4. Aufl. 1901).
 
 i^« GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 Ziegler, Theobald. Freiheit und Notwendigkeit in Schillers Dramen. 
 Marbacher Schillerbuch, I. (1905). 
 
 Schiller. Leipzig. Teubner, 'Aus Natur und Geisteswelt.' 1905. 
 
 Zimmermann, Ernst. Goethes Egmont. Halle, 1909. "Bausteine", Bd. 1. 
 
 JOURNALS 
 
 Archiv fiar das Studiuni der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen. Elber- 
 
 feld, 1846-49. Braunschweig, 1849— 
 Beitrage zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur. ('Paul 
 
 und Braune'). Halle, 1874— 
 Berliner Beitrage zur germanischen und romanischen Philologie. 
 
 Berlin, 1893— 
 Euphorion. Zeitschrift fiir Literaturgeschichte. Leipzig u. Wien, 
 
 1894— 
 German-American Annals (vols. 1-4, Americana Germanica). N. Y. 
 
 1897-1902. Philadelphia, 1903— 
 Goethe-Jahrbuch. Herausgeg. Ludwig Geiger. 34 Bde. Frankfurt 
 
 a/M, 1880-1913. 
 Jahrbuch der Goethe-Gesellschaft. Herausgeg. H. G. Graf. Weimar, 
 
 1914— 
 Jahrbuch des Freien Deutschen Hochstifts. Frankfurt a/M, 1902 — 
 Jahresberichte fur Neuere Deutsche Litteraturgeschichte (1890 — ). 
 
 Stuttgart, 1892— 
 Journal of English and Germanic Philology (vols. 1-4: Journal of 
 
 Germanic Philology). Evanston, 111., 1903 — 
 Modern Language Association of America, Publications of. (ML A 
 
 Pub.). Baltimore, 1886— 
 Modern Language Notes. Baltimore, 1886 — 
 Modern Language Review. Cambridge (Eng.), 1906 — 
 Modern Philology. Chicago, 1903 — 
 Revue Germanique. Paris, 1905 — 
 Vierteljahrschrift fiir Literaturgeschichte. Bd. 1-6. Weimar, 1888-93. 
 
 (Abbrev. VJ or VJS). 
 Zeitschrift fiir deutsches Altertum. Leipzig, 1841 — . (Abbrev. Z.f. d.A.) 
 
 Anzeiger (current reviews) with each vol. 
 Zeitschrift fur deutsche Philologie. Halle, 1869—. (Abbrev. Z.f. d. P.)
 
 CHRONOLOGY 129 
 
 CHRONOLOGY TO 1700 
 Historical and Literary 
 
 1137-1193. Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria. 
 
 1189-1192. Third Crusade, led by Frederick Barbarossa, Philip 
 Augustus and Richard the Lion-Hearted. 
 1190. Frederick Barbarossa drowned, Asia Minor, June 20. 
 1265-1321. Dante Alighieri. "Divine Comedy," 1300-1318. 
 1277-1318. Erwin von Steinbach, architect of Strassburg cathedral. 
 1313-1375. Giovanni Boccaccio. The "Decameron," 1353. 
 
 1307. Birth of Swiss Confederation at the Riitli, night of 
 
 November 7-8. 
 
 1308. Emperor Albert, Duke of Austria, murdered by Johannes 
 
 Parricida. 
 C.13S0. Till Eulenspiegel died. His life and 'joke-book' written, 
 1483. 
 1380-1422. Charles VI., King of France, reigned. 
 
 1409. University of Leipzig founded. 
 1412-1431. Jeanne Dare (Joan of Arc) lived. 
 1422-1461. Charles VII., King of France, reigned. 
 1422-1471. Henry VI., King of England, reigned. 
 1429. Siege of Orleans. 
 C.1450. Gutenberg's invention of Printing. 
 1474-1533. Ludovico Ariosto. "Orlando Furioso," 1515. 
 1480-1562. Gotz von Berlichingen lived. 
 C.1480-C.1S40. Dr. Johann Faust lived. 
 1483-1546. Martin Luther lived. 
 1493-1519. Maximilian I. Holy Roman Emperor. 
 1494-1576. Hans Sachs. Meistersinger and shoemaker. Nurnberg. 
 1494-1568. Jean P. de la Valette, Grand Master of Knights of 
 Malta (from 1557). Defender of Malta, siege of 1565. 
 1495. Diet of Worms. *Der ewige Landfriede' and 'Das 
 Reichskammergericht' established. 
 
 1498. Low German version of "Reinecke Fuchs" (Reinke de 
 
 vos). 
 
 1499. Perkin Warbeck, English pretender, executed. 
 1501-1576. Hieronymus Cardanus lived. (Cf. Lessing's 'Rettung'.) 
 
 1507. Earliest record of the historical Faust. 
 
 1508-1582. Duke of Alba (Fernando Alvarez de Toledo). 
 
 1509-1547. Henry VIII, King of England, reigned. Anne Boleyn 
 executed, 1536. 
 
 1517. Luther posts his theses and begins public career. 
 
 1519-1556. Charles V. Holy Roman Emperor. Lived 1500-1558. 
 
 1522-1568. Lamoral Count of Egmont lived. Executed June 5. 
 
 1523. Death of Franz von Sickingen and Ulrich von Hutten. 
 
 1524-1525. Peasants' War.
 
 130 CHRONOLOGY 
 
 1524-1547. Giovanni Luigi Fiasco lived. Drowned January 2. 
 1527. Philip II. of Spain born. King, 1556-1598. 
 1533. Elizabeth of England born. Queen, 1558-1603. 
 1533-1584. Ivan the Terrible, Czar of Russia, reigned. 
 
 1542. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, born. Queen of France, 
 1559-60. Returned to Scotland, 1561. Darnley's mur- 
 der, February 10, 1567. Imprisoned in England from 
 1568 to execution, February 8, 1587. 
 1544-1595. Torquato Tasso. "Jerusalem Delivered" compl. at Fer- 
 rara, 1575. 
 1545. Birth of Don Carlos of Spain and Elisabeth of Valois. 
 Marriage of Elisabeth and Philip II., 1559. 
 1547-1553. Edward VI., King of England, reigned (born, 1537). 
 1553-1558. Mary Tudor, Queen of England, reigned (born, 1516). 
 1558-1603. Elizabeth, Queen of England, reigned. 
 1556-1564. Ferdinand I. Emperor. Struggle of Catholics and 
 
 Protestants begins. 
 1564-1576. Maximilian II. Emperor. 
 
 1564-1593. Christopher Marlowe lived. "Dr. Faustus," 1589. 
 1564-1616. William Shakespeare. 
 
 1568. Death of Don Carlos (July) and Elisabeth of Valois 
 (September). 
 1576-1612. Rudolf II. Emperor. 
 
 1583-1606. Demetrius (Dmitri) lived. Czar of Russia, 1605-06. 
 1583-1634. Albrecht von Waldstein (called Wallenstein) lived. 
 
 1587. 'Das alteste Faustbuch' pub. by Joh. Spiess, Frank- 
 furt a/M. 
 
 1587. Mary Stuart beheaded at Fotheringay, February 8. 
 
 1588. Destruction of the Spanish Armada in the Engh'sh 
 
 Channel. 
 
 1589. English transl. of Faustbuch (1588?) and Marlowe's 
 
 "Dr. Faustus." 
 1598-1651. Maximilian I., Duke (later Elector) of Bavaria. 
 
 1599. Widmann's edition of the 'Faustbuch.' 
 1604-1655. Friedrich von Logau, epigrammatist. Sinngedichte, 1654. 
 1606-1684. Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (tragedy) and critic. 
 1612-1619. Matthias, Emperor. 
 
 1618. Thirty Years' War begins. May 23. 
 1619-1637. Ferdinand II. Emperor. 
 
 1619. Frederick V. of the Palatinate elected King of Bohemia 
 
 (the 'Winter King'). 
 
 1620. Battle of White Hill. 
 
 1622-1673. Moliere, French dramatist (comedy). 
 
 1626. Wallenstein defeats Mansfeld at Dessau. 
 
 1628. Wallenstein besieges Stralsund. 
 
 1629. Edict of Restitution. — Peace of Liibeck (with Denmark). 
 
 1630. Diet of Regensburg. Wallenstein dismissed from com- 
 
 mand.
 
 CHRONOLOGY 131 
 
 1631. Tilly destroj'S Magdeburg. Gustavus Adolphus defeats 
 
 Tilly at Breitenfeld. 
 
 1632. Death of Tilly.— Battle of Liitzen, Nov. 16, Gustavus 
 
 Adolphus killed. 
 
 1634. Wallenstein assassinated, night February 24-25. 
 1632-1677. Benedict Spinoza, Dutch Jewish philosopher, lived. 
 1637-1657. Ferdinand III. Emperor. 
 1639-1692. Abbe C. V. de St. Real, French novelist. 
 1639-1699. Jean Racine, French dramatist (tragedy). 
 1640-1688. Frederick William of Brandenburg, the Great Elector. 
 1643-1715. Louis XIV., King of France, reigned. 
 
 1648. Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War. 
 1652-1685. Thomas Otway, English dramatist. 
 1667-1745. Jonathan (Dean) Swift. English satirist. 
 1658-1705. Leopold I. Emperor. 
 
 1674. Pfitzer's edition of the 'Faustbuch.' 
 
 1681. Strassburg seized by Louis XIV. 
 
 1688. Revolution in England. 'Bill of Rights' (1689). 
 1688-1701. Frederick III. Elector of Brandenburg (King of Prussia, 
 
 1701-13). 
 1689-1761. Samuel Richardson, English novelist. 
 1694-1768. Hermann Samuel Reimarus, the 'WolfTenbiittel Frag- 
 
 mentist.' 
 1694-1778. Voltaire, Franqois Marie Arouet de.
 
 
 
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 143
 
 GOETHE 1 
 
 CONTEMPORARY. EVENTS 
 
 180« 
 
 Studies in optics and colors. Pub. of new (first 
 Cotta) edition of Works begun, Apr. Prepa- 
 ration of "Faust. Erster Theil" for printer 
 compl. Mar.-Apr. 25 (pub. in Bd. 8.— Battle of 
 Jena (Oct. 14) and sack of Weimar. Soldiers 
 quartered in Goetlie's house. His peril. Safety 
 assured by guard. Considerate treatment by 
 French officers. Visit of Wilhelm von Tiirck- 
 heim (Lili's son). Napoleon's arrival in Wei- 
 mar, Oct. 15. Heroism of Duchess Luise (Karl 
 August absent). — Wedding of Goethe and 
 ChrlBtiane, Oct. 19. Johanna Schopenhauer 
 (mother of the philosopher) comes to live in 
 Weimar. She 'introduces' Christiane to Wei- 
 mar society. 
 
 The • Rheinbund ' established, 
 July 12. End of the Holy 
 Roman Empire, Aug. 6. 
 
 Napoleon defeats Prussians and 
 Saxons at Jena. Oct. 14. 
 
 Death of Leisewitz. 
 
 "Des Knaben Wunderhorn" pub. 
 by Arnim and Brentano. 
 
 1807 
 
 First performance of "Torquato Tasso," Feb. 16. 
 Death of Anna Amalia, Apr. 10. Visit of 
 Bettina Brentano, spring. Corresp. with her 
 begins ( "Brief wechsel mit einem Kinde"). Ill 
 health. At Carlsbad, May 28-Sept. 7. Geo- 
 logical studies. Works on "Pandora" and 
 scientific writings. "Die neue Melusine" and 
 other tales for "Wilhelm Meisters Wander- 
 jahre." — Passion for Minna Herzlieb, Nov.- 
 Dec. "Sonette." "Die Wahlverwandtschaften" 
 begun. 
 
 Peace of Tilsit, July. 
 Humiliation of Prussia. 
 Fichte's "Reden an die deutsche 
 Nation." 
 
 1808 
 
 Corresp. with Bettina cont. "FAUST. ERSTER 
 THEIL," pub. June. "Pandora" (Pandorens 
 Wiederkehr) pub. as fragment. Studies Cal- 
 deron and "Nibelungenlied." — August student 
 at Heidelberg. — At Carlsbad, May 15 - c. Sept. 
 15. Death of Goethe's mother, Fran Rath, 
 Sept. 13. Audience with Napoleon at Erfurt, 
 Oct. 2. Decorated with 'Legion of Honor,' 
 Oct. 14. Invites Goethe to Paris. 
 
 Congress of Princes at Erfurt, 
 Oct. 
 
 1809 
 
 Corresp. with Bettina cont. "DIE WAHLVER- 
 WANDTSCHAFTEN" finished, Oct. 3. Proj- 
 ect of writing Autobiography. "Jolianna 
 Sebus" (poem). 
 
 
 1810 
 
 "ZCB FARBENLEHRE" compl. May 16, 'after 
 twenty years of work.' "Dichtung und Wahr- 
 
 heit" planned. Obtains material on his child- 
 hood from Bettina.— "Ergo bibamus" (song). 
 At Carlsbad July-Sept. Meets Empress of 
 Austria. His admiration for her. Friendship 
 with Sulpiz Boisserfee begins. 
 
 University of Berlin founded. 
 
 1811 
 
 At Carlsbad with Christiane and Riemer, May- 
 June. Bettina marries Achim von Arnim and 
 visits Goethe, Sept. Her treatment of Chris- 
 tiane causes estrangement from Goethe (cor- 
 resp. resumed 1817, after Christiane's death). 
 " DICHTUNG UND WAHRHEIT, Erster 
 Theil" pub. Sept. 
 
 Death of Heinrich von Kleist. 
 Maler Miiller's "Golo und Geno- 
 veva" pub. 
 
 1812 
 
 Indifference to political events. Summer in 
 Carlsbad and Teplitz. Meets Empress of 
 Austria again. Meets Beethoven. — Decides to 
 arrange "Faust" for stage. "DICHTUNG 
 UND WAHRHEIT. Zweiter Theii." "Gross 
 Ist die Diana der Epheser" (poem). 
 
 Napoleon's Russian campaign. 
 
 1813 
 
 Death of Wieland, Jan. 20; G's oration. Death 
 of Friederike Brion, Apr. 3 (not known to 
 Goethe). Goes to Bohemia via Dresden (Apr,- 
 May, visits Korner), Apr. 17-Aug. 19. Wei- 
 mar in peril, Oct. Arrival of Czar Alexander 
 and Frederick William III. "Shakespeare 
 und liein Ende." "Gefunden" (poem), Aug. 26, 
 on way to llnienau. 
 
 Prussia declares war on France. 
 Mar. 16. 'War of Liberation.' 
 
 Death of Theodor Korner, Aug. 
 26. Napoleon defeated at Leip- 
 zig ('Volkerschlacht'), Oct. 16- 
 19. 
 
 1814 
 
 News of taking of Paris reaches Weimar, Apr. 9. 
 "Des Epimenides Erwachen" finished, July. 
 Rhein and Jlain journey, July 25-Oct. 27. 
 Sniikt Rochusfest zu Bingen. At Wiesbaden 
 with Zt'Iter. Visits Willemer at the 'Gerber- 
 miihle,' near Frankfurt, Sept. 18. Meets 
 Marianne Jung. Willemer marries her, Sept. 
 27. Interest in Persian poetry (Hammer's 
 transl. of Hafis) begins. "DICHTUNG UND 
 WAIIKHEIT. Dritter Theil." Begins editing 
 "Italienische Reise." 
 
 Allies enter Paris, March 31. 
 Napoleon abdicates, Apr. 11. 
 Arrives Elba, May 4. Congress 
 of Vienna convenes, Sept. 
 
 144
 
 
 GOETHE 
 
 CONTEMPORARY. EVENTS 
 
 1816 
 
 "Des Epimenides Erwarhen" produced, Berlin, 
 Mar. 30.— At Wicshaden, May 27-July 21. 
 Visits the Gerljermulile ( Willeiuers), Aug. 12- 
 Heiit. 19. Witli Willemers at Heidelberg, 
 Sept. 24 - 26. Friendship with Marianne. 
 Lyrics. Works on "West-Oestlicher Divan." 
 Plans journal, "Leber Kunst und Altertuni." 
 
 Napoleon leaves Elba, Feb. 26. 
 Enters Paris Mar. 20. 'The 
 Hundred Days.' Waterloo, 
 Jun. IS. Napoleon's surrender, 
 Jul. 15. Arr. St. Helena. Oct. 16. 
 
 181« 
 
 Weimar becomes Grand Duchy, Apr. 7. Death 
 of Christiane, June 6. — Visit of Charlotte 
 Kestuer, Sept. (cf. Stein. Briefe, 7.112). 
 " IT.VLIENISCHE REISE," Band 1, pub. 
 Part IV of "Dichtung und Wahrheit" planned. 
 Sketch of Part 11. of "Faust" (as couceived 
 1775?) outlined for Book 18. "Leber Kunst 
 und Altertum am Khein, Main und Necliar." 
 
 
 isir 
 
 lu Jena Mar. 21-Aug. 7, Nov. 6-Feb. 21, 1818. 
 Scientific studies, — optics, meteorology, and 
 esp. morphology. Oriental studies. — "Der 
 Huud des Aubry" at Weimar Theater, Apr. 12. 
 G. resigns directorship, Apr. 13, and seldom 
 enters theater after. Lili (Schonemann) von 
 Tiirckheim died. May 6. August marries Ot- 
 tilie von Pogwisch, June 17. Weimar's new 
 constitution and liberty of press. Goethe 
 sceptical. Difficulties following the Wart- 
 burgfest. — "IT.VLIENISCHE KEISE," Bd. 2. 
 "Tag- und Jahreshefte " begun, Aug. 21. 
 "D u W" cont. Kunst und Altertum, 2. Heft : 
 "St. Rochusfest zu Bingen." 
 
 Karl .\ugust grants first German 
 
 constitution. Freedom of press. 
 The ' Wartburgfest,' Oct. IS. 
 Alarm of other Ger. princes; 
 reactionary measures. 
 
 1818 
 
 Mostly in Jena, to July 23. At Carlsbad, July 
 26-Sept. 13. Works on "Divan." Birth of 
 first grandson, Walther, Apr. 9. 
 
 
 1819 
 
 Frankfurt celebrates 70th birthday. "WEST- 
 OESTLICHER DIVAN." Works on "Wan- 
 derjahre." New 20-vol. ed. of Works. — Death 
 of Fritz Jacobi and F. Stolberg. 
 
 Murder of Kotzebue. Mar. 23. 
 The "Karlsbad Decrees," Sept. 
 20. 
 
 1820 
 
 At Carlsbad (last time), May. Summer and 
 autumn at Jena. 2d grandson born, Wolf- 
 gang, Sept. 18. Pub. of "Zahme Xenien" 
 begins (cont. 1821, 1824, 1827, and post- 
 humously). — Bust by Bauch. 
 
 
 1821 
 
 At Marienbad, Aug.-Sept. Meets Ulrike Ton 
 Levetzow, aet. 17. Visit of Zelter with 12- 
 year-old Felix Mendelssohn (-Bartholdy), 
 Nov. — "WILIIELM MEISTERS WANDER- 
 JAHRE, Oder Die Entsagenden." "Italienische 
 Reise" cont.. Mar. and Oct. "D u W" cont. at 
 intervals, 1821-25. 
 
 
 1S22 
 
 Intimate friendship with Chancellor von Miiller 
 and with Soret. New ed. of Works projected. 
 "Kampagne in Frankreich" (1792) pub. 
 
 
 1823 
 
 Serious illness at beginning and close of year. 
 — Eoliermann's first visit, June 10; becomes 
 G's secretary. At Marienbad, July-Aug. Last 
 love, Ulrike von Levetzow. "Marienbader 
 Elegle" begun on return journey, Sept. 5-7. 
 
 Death of Gerstenberg. 
 
 1824 
 
 50th anniversary of "Werthers Leiden." New 
 ed. — Death of Byron, Apr. 19 (news reed. May 
 23). Visit of Heinrich Heine, Oct.— Work on 
 Part IV of "D u W" resumed. Eckermann's 
 encouragement. Advises not to include plan 
 of "Faust," Part II, but to finish work itself. 
 — Revision of corresp. with Schiller. 
 
 Carlyle's transl. of "Wilhelm 
 Meisters Lehrjahre." 
 
 1825 
 
 First record of resumption of work on "Faust," 
 Feb. 26. Works on the 'Helena' (Act III).— 
 Weimar Theater burned. Mar. 20.— Karl Au- 
 gust's 50th Anniversary, Sept. 3. 50th anni- 
 versary of Goethe's arrival in Weimar, Nov. 7. 
 "Italienische Reise," Band 3, compl. (pub. 
 1829). 
 
 Death of Maler Miiller.— Ludwig 
 I., King of Bavaria, reigned 
 1825-1848. 
 
 182G 
 
 Visit of Sulpiz Boisseree. — "Helena" compl. 
 June. Further work on "Faust." — Plans the 
 •Ausgabe letzter Hand,' In 40 vols. — Receives 
 back his letters to Frau von Stein, Aug. 29. 
 His last letter to her. — Schiller's bones re- 
 moved from the 'Kassengewolbe.' Supposed 
 (probably erroneous) identification of his 
 skull. "Bei Betrachtung von Schillera Scha- 
 del." H3.190. J1.285. Goebel, 143. Work 
 on 'Annalen' (since 1817) concluded. 
 
 
 145
 
 GOETHE 1 
 
 CONTEMPORARY. EVENTS 
 
 1827 
 
 Death of Frau von Stein (aet 84), Jan. 6. At 
 his old 'Gartenhaus,' May 12-.Tune 10. "Ueber- 
 miitig siebts nicbt aus." Visit of Prussian 
 princes at Weimar. King Iiudwig I. of 
 Bavaria visits Goethe on birthday. Receives 
 letter from Sir Walter Scott. — Birth of grand- 
 daughter, Alma, Oct. 29. "HELENA" pub. 
 Vols 1-10 of 'Ausgabe letzter Hand.' 
 
 Death of Beethoven. 
 
 1828 
 
 Deatb of Karl August, June 14.— At Doruburg 
 (near Jena), July 7-Sept. 11. Stieler's por- 
 trait for King Ludwig. — "Briefwecbsel mit 
 Schiller," 1. u. 2. Tell pub. "Faust" cont. 
 "Novelle" compl. Vols. 11-20 of 'Ausg. letzter 
 Hand' pub. Death of Lotte (Buff) Kestner. 
 
 Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of 
 Weimar, 1828-1853. 
 
 1820 
 
 First performance of "Faust. Erster Theil," 
 Weimar, Aug. 29. Revision of "Wilbelm 
 Meisters Wanderjabre " (enlarged) pub. 
 "Briefwecbsel mit Schiller," 3. Theil, with 
 dedication to King Ludwig. "Italienische 
 Keise," Band 3. "Faust" cont. Vols, 21-30 of 
 Ausg. 1. H. The sculptor David models his 
 bust, the so-called 'Jupiter-Goethe,' — Mar- 
 riage of Princess Augusta of Weimar to 
 Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (later Kaiser 
 Wilhelm I.). 
 
 Death of Friedr. Sehlegel. 
 
 1830 
 
 Death of Grand Duchess Luise, Feb. 14. August 
 and Eckermann start for Italy, Apr. 2. Death 
 of August at Rome, Oct. 26 (news reed. Nov. 
 10). Serious illness, Nov. Visit of Felix 
 Mendelssohn (-Bartholdy). " Faust " and 
 "D u W" cont. Vols. 31-40 of Ausg. 1. H. pub. 
 
 July Revolution In Paris. 
 German transl. of Carlyle's "Life 
 
 of Schiller," with preface by 
 
 Goethe. 
 
 1831 
 
 Last birthday spent at Ilmenau. "Warte nur, 
 balde rubest du aucb." Celebration in Wei- 
 mar; unveiling of David's bust. Gift of seal, 
 inscribed "Ohne Rast, doch ohne Hast," by 
 15 English friends. — " FAUST. ZWEITEB 
 THEIL," finished and sealed up, Aug. (pub. 
 1833). "DICHTUNG UNO WAHRHEIT. 
 Vierter Theil" finished (pub. 1833). Arranges 
 personal affairs. 
 
 Death of Klinger and Achim von 
 Arnim. 
 
 1832 
 
 Last illness begins, Mar. 16. Last letter (of 
 c. 15000) to Wilhelm von Humboldt, Mar. 17. 
 Death of GOETHE, 3Iar. 22. Death of Zelter, 
 May 15. 
 
 Death of Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 1832 
 
 -34 
 
 1835 
 
 1836 
 1844 
 1854 
 1857 
 
 1850 
 1860 
 1872 
 
 1880 
 1883 
 
 1885 
 
 1887 
 
 1806 
 
 1800 
 1010 
 
 Posthumous Works pub., vols. 1-15. 5 addi- 
 tional vols. 1842. 
 Bettina's "Briefwecbsel mit einem Kinde" pub. 
 
 Eckermann's "Gespr^che mit Goethe." 
 
 Alma von Goethe (granddaughter) died. 
 
 Death of Eckermann. 
 
 Goethe-Schiller monument by Rietschel unveiled 
 
 at Weimar. 
 Death of Bettina von Arnim. 
 Death of Marianne von Willemer. 
 Death of Ottilie von Goethe (daughter-in-law). 
 
 Pounding of the Goethe-Gesellschaft. 
 
 Wolfgang vou Goethe (grandson) dies, without 
 
 issue. 
 Walther von Goethe (grandson) dies, without 
 
 issue. The family extinct. — Wills the Goethe 
 
 house, with contents, to state; all literary 
 
 remains to Grand Duchess Sophie of Weimar. 
 
 She establishes the Goethe-Archives. 
 Discovery of the Gochhausen Mss. of the 
 
 'Urfaust.' 
 Dedication of the Goethe-Schlller Archives 
 
 l)nil(]iiis- at Weimar. 
 Death of Ulrike von Levetzow. 
 Discovery of the Schulthess Mss. of "Wilhelm 
 
 Meisters Theatralische Sendung." 
 
 Frederick Wm. IV.. King of 
 Prussia, 1840-1861. 
 
 Marriage of Prince Karl Alex- 
 ander and Sophie, 1842. 
 
 'February Revolution' in Paris. 
 1848. 
 
 Revolution in Germany, 1848. 
 
 Karl Alexander, Grand Duke of 
 Weimar, 1853-1901. 
 
 • 
 
 William I., King of Prussia. 1861 
 — (German Emperor, 1871-) 
 1888. 
 
 Death of Grand Duchess Sophie. 
 1897. 
 
 Wilhelm Ernst. Grand Duke of 
 Weimar. 1901-. 
 
 146
 
 147 
 
 LIST OF PERSONS 
 
 1700-1832 
 
 Alfleri. Vittorlo, 1749-1803. 
 
 Anna Aniulia, Herzogin von Sachsen- 
 
 Weiiuar, 1739-1807. 
 B«aumarchuis, I'ieire Aug. Caroa de, 
 
 1732-1799. 
 Behrlsch, Einst Wolfgang, 1738-1809. 
 Boisseree, Sulpiz, 1783-1854. 
 Brentanu, Bettina (verb, vou Arnim), 
 
 1785-1859. 
 , Maxiujiliaue (geb. LaRoche). 1756- 
 
 1793. 
 Brion, Joli. Jak. (Pastor), 1717-1787. 
 
 ■ , Magdalena Sal. (Frau), 1724-86. 
 
 , Cliristiau ('Moses'), 1763-1817. 
 
 , Friederike, V1752-1813. 
 
 , Sophie. ?175C-1838. 
 
 Bufif, Charlotte (verb. Kestner), 1753- 
 
 1828. 
 Byron, Lord, 1788-1824. 
 Cagliustro, Allesaudro dl (real name, 
 
 Giuseppe Balsamo), 1743-95. 
 Calas, Jean (Voltaire's "Tolerance"), 
 
 1698-1762. 
 Carlyle, Thomas, 1795-1881. 
 Christ, Job. Fr. (Prof.). 1701-1756. 
 Clavijn y Faxardi., .Tosg. c. 1730-1806. 
 Cotta. Job. Fr., 1764-1832. 
 Ualberg;, Heribert, 1749-1796. 
 
 . Karl Tbeodor, 1744-1817. 
 
 Diderot, Deuis, 1713-1784. 
 Eckermann, Job. Peter, 1792-1854. 
 Ernesti, Job. Aug. (Prof.), 1707-1781. 
 Escheuburg, Job Joachim, 1743-1820. 
 Falilnier, Johanna (verb. Scblosser), 
 
 1754-1821. 
 Friedricli II., der Grosse, 1712-86. 
 Gellert, Chr. Furcbtegott, 1715-69. 
 GemniinKen, Otto Heiiir. v., 1739-1822. 
 Gerstenbergr, Heinr. Wilb., 1737-1823. 
 Gleiin. Joli. Ludwig Wilb., 1719-1803. 
 Goclihausen, Luise von, died 1807. 
 Giisc-lien, Geo. Joachim. 1752-1828. 
 Goethe, Cornelia (verb. Scblosser), 1750- 
 
 1777. 
 
 , Job. Kaspar, 1710-1782. 
 
 ■ , (Frau) Kath. Elis.. see Textor. 
 
 , Job. Wolfgang, 1749-1832. 
 
 , Christiaue von, see Vulpius. 
 
 , August von, 1789-1830. 
 
 , Ottilie V. (geb. Pogwiscb), died 
 
 1872. 
 
 . Alma von, 1827-1844. 
 
 - — .Walter von, 1818-1885. 
 
 , Wolfgang von, 1820-1883. 
 
 Goeze, Job. Melchior. 1717-1786. 
 Goldsmith. Oliver, 1728-1774. 
 Gottsohed, Job. Cliristopb, 1700-66 
 Grillpiirzer, Franz, 1791-1872. 
 Haniann. Job. Georg. 1730-1788. 
 Heine, Heinricb. 1799-1856. 
 Henzi, Samuel, 1701-1749. 
 Herder, Job. Gottfried, 1744-1803. 
 , Karoline (geb. Flachsland). 1750- 
 
 1809. 
 Herzlieb. Wilbelmine ('Minna') 1789- 
 
 1865. 
 Hobenheim. Griifln Franziska von (geb. 
 Bernerdin, verb. Leutrum), 1748- 
 
 1811. 
 Iffland, Aug. Wilb., 1759-1814. 
 
 Jacobi, Fried. Helnr.. 1743-1819. 
 
 , Job. Georg, 1740-1814. 
 
 Jerusalem, Karl Wilb., 1747-1772. 
 Jung, Job. Heinr. (Stilling). 1740-1817. 
 Kalb, Charlotte von (geb. v. Ostbeim), 
 
 1761-1843. 
 Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1800. 
 Karl, Herzog v. Braunschweig, 1713-80. 
 Karl August, Herzog v. Sachseu-Wei- 
 
 mar, 1757-1828. 
 Karl Eugen, Herzog T. Wiirttemberg, 
 
 1728-1793. 
 Karl Wilb. Ferdinand, Erbprinz T. 
 
 Braunschweig, 1734-1806. 
 Kestner, Charlotte, see Buff. 
 
 , Job Christian. 1741-1800. 
 
 Kleist, Cbr. Ewald von, 1715-1759. 
 
 .Heinricb v. (nephew), 1776-1811. 
 
 Klettenberg, Susanna Katb. von, 1723- 
 
 1774. 
 Kllnger, Friedr. Maximilian, 1753-1831. 
 Klopstock, Friedr. Gottlieb, 1724-1803. 
 Klotz, Chr. Adolf, 1738-1771. 
 Knebel, Karl Ludwig v., 1744-1834. 
 Konig, Eva (geb. Habn, verb. Lessing), 
 
 1736-1778. 
 Korner, Cbr. Gottfried, 1756-1831. 
 
 , Karl Tbeodor, 1791-1813. 
 
 Konstantin, Friedr. Ferd. Prinz von 
 
 Sacbsen- Weimar, 175 8-91. 
 Kotzebue, .\ug. Friedr. v., 1761-1819. 
 Lange, Samuel Gotthold, 1711-1781. 
 LaRoche, Maximiliane v., see Breutano. 
 
 , Sophie von, 1731-1807. 
 
 Lavater, Job. Kaspar, 1741-1801. 
 Leisewitz, Job. Anton, 1752-1806. 
 Lengefeld, Charlotte von (verb. Schiller), 
 
 1766-1826. 
 
 , Karoline v., see Wolzogen. 
 
 Lenz, Jak. Mich. Reinbold, f750-92. 
 Lerse, Franz Chr., 1749-c.lSOU. 
 Lessing, Job. Gottfried, 1693-1770. 
 .Justine Salome (geb. Feller), died 
 
 1775. 
 — — , Dorothea Sal.. 1727-1803. 
 
 ■ .Gotthold Ephraim, 1729-1781. 
 
 , Karl Gottbelf (brother), 1740-1812. 
 
 , Eva. see Konig. 
 
 Levetzovv, Ulrike von. 1804-1899. 
 
 Lillo, George, 1693-1739. 
 
 Luise, Herzogin v. Sachsen-Weimar, 
 
 1757-1830. 
 Macpherson, James, 1736-1796. 
 Mendelssohn, Moses, 1729-1786. 
 Mendelssohn - Bartholdy, Felix (grand- 
 son), 1809-1847. 
 »Ierck, Job. Heinr., 1741-1791. 
 Muller, Friedrich (Maler), 1750-1825. 
 3Iyliu8. Christlob, 1722-1754. 
 Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821. 
 Neuber (Frau), Karoline, 1700-1763. 
 Nicolai, Cbr. Friedrich, 1733-1811. 
 Oeser. Adam Friedr.. 1717-1799. 
 
 .Friederike Elis., 174S-1S29. 
 
 Reimarus. Herm. Samuel, 1694-1768. 
 Raniler, Karl Wilb.. 1725-1798. 
 Reinwald, Wilb. Friedr. Herm.. 1737- 
 
 1815. 
 Richardson. Samuel, 1689-1761. 
 Rienier, Friedr. Wilb., 1774-1845. 
 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 1712-78.
 
 Salzmann, Joh. Daaiel, 1722-1812. 
 
 Kchiller, Joh. Kaspar, 1723-1796. 
 
 , Ells. Dorothea (geb. Kodweis), 
 
 1732-1802. 
 , CbiistopLine (verb. Reinwald), 
 
 1757-1847. 
 , (Joh. Chiistoph) Friedrich, 1759- 
 
 1805. 
 
 , Charlotte, see Leugefeld. 
 
 , Karl von, 1793-1857. 
 
 , Ernst von. 1796-1841. 
 
 , Karoline v. (verh. Junot), 1799- 
 
 1850. 
 , Emilie v. (verh. von Gleicheu- 
 
 Russwurm), 1804-1872. 
 Sehlegel, Aug. Wilhelm, 1767-1845. 
 
 , Friedrich, 1772-1829. 
 
 Sehlosser, .Joh. Georg, 1739-1799. 
 Si'fameling-Mara, Gertrud Elis.. 1749- 
 
 1833, 
 Schonemann, Anna Elis. (Lili) (verh 
 
 V. Turckheim), 1758-1817. 
 Sihonkopf, Anna Kath. (Annette), (verh 
 
 Kanue), 1746-1810. 
 Schroler, Corona, 1751-1802. 
 Sihubart, Chr. Daniel Friedr., 1743- 
 
 1791. 
 Schulthess, Barbara ('Babe'). 1745-1818 
 Scott (Sir), Walter, 1771-1832. 
 Stael-Holstein, Mme. de, 1766-1817. 
 Stein, Charlotte von (geb. Schardt), 
 
 1742-1827. 
 
 , Freiherr Josias von, 1735-93. 
 
 , Friedr. von (Fritz), 1771-1844. 
 
 Stock, Joh. Mich.. 1739-1773. 
 
 .Johanna Dor., 1760-1836. 
 
 , Anna Maria (Minna), (verb. Kor- 
 
 ner). 1762-1843. 
 Stulberg, Grafin Auguste Luise von 
 
 (Gustehen), (verh. v. Bernstorff), 
 
 1753-1835. 
 
 , Graf Friedr. Leopold v., 1750-1819. 
 
 Swift, Jonathan (Dean), 1676-1745 
 Tauentzieu, Bogislaus Friedr.. 1710- 
 
 1791. 
 Textor, Joh. Wolfgang, 1693-1771. 
 , Kath. Elis. (verh. Goethe). 1731- 
 
 1808, 
 Voltaire, Frangois Marie Arouet de. 
 
 1694-1778. 
 Vos8, Joh. Heinr. 1751-1826. 
 Vulpius, Christiaue (verb. Goetbe), 1764- 
 
 1 816. 
 Wagner, Heinr. Leopold, 1747-79. 
 Weisse, Chr. Felix, 1726-1804. 
 Weyland, Friedr. Leopold, 1750-85. 
 Wieland, Christoph Martin. 1733-1813 
 Willemer, Joh. Jak. von, 1760-1838. 
 , Marianne von (geb. Jung), 1784- 
 
 1860. 
 Winckelmann, Joh. Joachim, 1717-68 
 Wolzogen, Charlotte von, 1766-94. 
 . Henriette von, 1745-1788. 
 
 ' ^?^*i^i^®n ^°° (seb. Lengefeld). 
 
 1763-1847.
 
 A 000 054 382 7
 
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