HOA THE RECORD SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY, 1861-65. BY ALONZO H. QUINT, , ITS CHAPLAIN. BOSTON: JAMES P. WALKER. 1867. 513 ."5 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, BY JAMES P. WALKER, In the Clerk s Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. Cambridge : Press of John Wilson and Son. TO S*r0nir gfesarjjusttis Jnfanfrg THE MEMORY OF ITS DEAD, AND THE FUTURE OF ITS LIVING. PREFACE. COUNTING it the . honor of my life to have been the Chaplain of the Second Massachusetts Infantry, the preparation of this record has been no less a work of love than of duty. My own full notes, compared with, and completed by, the note-books of officers and enlisted men, were its basis. I have also carefully studied all the various rolls, books, and reports of the regiment and of com panies ; the full papers preserved by Brevet Major-Gen eral Gordon ; private letters, and letters in newspapers ; official reports of generals, the Report of the Committee on the Conduct of the War, and the State papers ; special histories of campaigns and biographies, as well as rebel histories, biographies, and official reports. In addition to the thanks due to Adjutant J. A. Fox and others of the regiment, I acknowledge my obligations to the officials in the Adjutant-General s office, for the kindest facilities in the examination of their excellent records. The engraved portraits have, generally, been fur nished by friends. VI PREFACE. I have described general movements only sufficiently to specify the share of the Second. , I have not criti cised military operations. I was not a military man. I pretend to no knowledge of strategy or tactics. If I have been silent as to the gallant deeds of par ticular men, it was because I remembered the reply of a commander, in 1863, to a request for the names of men deserving medals : " Where all are meritorious, to mention some is to do injustice to the remainder." " This regiment," wrote General Hooker, in 1864, " as is known to two armies, has no superior." Yet to indulge in praise seemed to me not only needless, but contrary to that spirit which refused to put the names of battles upon its colors. I have been painfully convinced that it is impossible to record the history of a regiment. The narrative lacks the living experiences. But this record is made for men to whom every date is a scene, and every name a comrade ; for widows and orphans, and for childless parents. Their experiences will fill up the outline. Myself sadly dissatisfied with the result of unsparing labor, yet I trust that the men of the Second from no one of whom, in the discharge of my own delicate duties, did I ever receive a discourtesy will appre ciate the purpose, and be indulgent to the defects, of this work. A. H. Q. NEW BEDFORD, MASS. CONTENTS. THE HISTORY. PAGE I. THE BEGINNING 1 II. CAMP ANDREW 14 III. PATTERSON S CAMPAIGN 33 IV. WATCHING THE RIVER 43 V. THE FIRST WINTER 60 VI. THE SPRING CAMPAIGN . . . . 67 VII. BANKS S RETREAT 80 VIII. GENERAL POPE 96 IX. CEDAR MOUNTAIN 104 X. POPE S RETREAT 119 XI. ANTIETAM 128 XII. THE WINTER 143 XIII. CHANCELLORS VILLE 156 XIV. FROM BEVERLY FORD TO GETTYSBURG . . . 175 XV. JOURNEYINGS 185 XVI. UP AND DOWN THE RAILWAY 195 XVII. HOME AND BACK 204 XVIII. FOR ATLANTA 219 XIX. To THE SEA . * 244 XX. THROUGH THE CAROLINAS 256 XXI. NORTHWARD 275 XXII. THE END 288 Vlll CONTENTS. THE MEN. I. THE ENLISTED MEN, First Term 295 Second Term 431 ,, ,, ,, Non-commissioned Staff . . 472 II. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS 475 III. FIELD AND STAFF 509 IV. THE COLORS AND THEIR BEARERS 511 V. THE BAND 513 VI. TABLES: Nativities 515 ,, Casualties in Action 517 ,, The Enlisted Men Accounted For . . . 520 ,, Commissioned Officers Accounted For . . 522 ,, Summary 522 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 523 INDEX. .... 525 ENGRAVINGS. GEORGE H. GORDON opposite title-page. EDWARD GARDINER ABBOTT opposite p. 14 GEORGE L. ANDREWS 84 RICHARD GARY 117 WILDER 1) WIGHT # . 139 JAMES SAVAGE, JUN 148 CHARLES REDINGTON MUDGE 181 WILLIAM COGSWELL * 256 ALONZO HALL QUINT 480 WILLIAM BLACKSTONE WILLIAMS 488 THOMAS BAYLEY Fox, JUN 501 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. HISTORY. I. THE BEGINNING. t ON Saturday, the 13th day of April, 1861, tidings of the attack upon Fort Sumter came to Boston. On that day, E. R. Mudge, R. S. Fay, jun., Greely S. Curtis, A. B. Underwood, and others, were in con sultation with George H. Gordon, an educated and experienced soldier. "You must give up every thing now," said Major Gordon, addressing Mr. Under wood, "and prepare for the war. Get men ready. Go to drilling. Get yourself ready, and give up every thing else." Major Gordon had already fully considered the sub ject. He had early foreseen the great troubles which were to come upon the nation, and advocated prepara tion. His military knowledge had given him a promi nent position in the consultations held at the State House. His advice had been sought, and largely fol lowed, in the organization of the militia for active service ; which enabled the governor to send, upon a few hours notice, the earliest regiments to the defence 1 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. of the national capital. His interest in the approaching struggle had led him to address a meeting of the Suf folk bar. He had already pledged himself to re-enter the military service of the country, and had therefore resigned the command of the New-England Guards ; advising the members of that battalion to regard it as a nursery of officers, rather than to attempt to take it, as an organization, into the field. " Wherever," said Major Gordon to the battalion, upon resigning his command, "any son of Massachusetts can render the most efficient service to the State, there, in my judgment, should his efforts be given. Although, in the first outbreak of war, reliance must necessarily be placed upon our militia, in whose ranks are found men of the best classes in our community, yet, for prolonged and continuous service, a composition of forces like that constituting the army of the general government is indisputably the most efficient and ser viceable, a composition in which the character and intelli gence of our best citizens must be used to organize and drill the bone and muscle of those upon whom we must rely for our armies. Then we may, with a small body of well-instructed gentle men, impart information, raise into an organization and render efficient very many large bodies of men, all of whom will in time become soldiers rather than undisciplined mobs of raw militia. Wherever, in the present sudden emergency, any, even the least, capacity exists to impart information and efficiency to a company of privates, we cannot afford to waste precious material that may instruct many others, by calling it to render individual service as privates rather than officers. My aim, as chief of the New-England Guards, has been rather to impart to my command the necessary instruction THE BEGINNING. 6 to enable them to command rather than to build up a com pany to serve as privates during the fatigues of a long cam paign. Massachusetts needs to-day military skill, science, and power to instruct. No man has a right to refuse his skill to drill the body of the militia of our State, even though he sacrifices that ambition so near to a soldier s heart, to be the first to bleed for his country." On the 15th, Major Gordon was summoned to the State House, to advise regarding the forwarding of the militia regiments that morning called for by the Presi dent of the United States. Upon returning from the consultation, he said to Mr. Underwood, "The governor has told me, that, when he gets these troops off, I shall go with the next regiment." That day, and the suc ceeding, the gentlemen already mentioned, with others, discussed the measures necessary for raising troops "for the war." Underwood was ready to go; so was Curtis. So were George L. Andrews, Wilder Dwight, and a thousand gallant men all over the State ; who, as yet without concert, were destined to make a name in history for the Second Massachusetts Infantry. They were soon brought together. On the 18th day of April, Wilder Dwight entered the office of Major Gordon, Dwight was a mem ber of the New -England Guards battalion, and said abruptly, "Will you raise a regiment?" Major Gordon replied, "I am already committed to that. I have spoken to the governor upon that subject ; and he has promised me the command of the first 4 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. regiment which leaves the State for the war." D wight repeated his question, in its precise language, and re ceived the same reply. Major Gordon then explained the difficulties in the way of raising a regiment upon such principles as seemed to him essential. These difficulties depended upon the fact, that, at that time, no law authorized the reception of forces into the service of the Government otherwise than as organized militia, and that only for a brief period. By the laws of Massachusetts, all officers were to be chosen by the men, a system which Major Gordon, with all other soldiers, knew to be destructive of proper discipline. Nor would the clothing and equipment of the men follow the army model, which his foresight perceived to be necessary ; and the opposite of which, a very short experience, by another regiment, proved to be absurd. These and other difficulties were discussed at length in the interview, but without arriving at any satis factory solution. But, before they separated, D wight suggested, as indispensable, the raising of a fund for regimental purposes. This was agreed upon, and the following paper was immediately drawn up : BOSTON, April 18, 1861. Whereas it is proposed forthwith to raise, equip, and organize a regiment of men, to be drilled for efficient service in the defence of the Government wherever they may be needed; and whereas Major George H. Gordon has offered his services to superintend and aid in this purpose, and action has already been taken by the Governor to offer such a regi ment to the Government, The undersigned hereby agree to contribute the sums set THE BEGINNING. 5 opposite their respective names to pay the expense of such equipment and organization, and the support of the regiment until it can be received into the service and pay of the Gov ernment. With this paper, D wight left the office : in less than an hour he brought it back, bearing subscriptions for five thousand dollars. In a few days, the sum was increased to nearly thirty thousand, only sixty-five per cent of which proved to be necessary. Of this fund, Mr. Thomas D wight was the treasurer. The list of subscribers will be given in a subsequent page. At this same interview, the manner of addressing the public was discussed ; for that a regiment was to be raised was a foregone conclusion, notwithstanding all difficulties. It was determined to issue bills adver tising the raising of a regiment ; and, within a day or two, these were printed, and posted in public places. This notification, it is believed, preceded the measures under which any other three-years regiment was raised. It was also soon settled, that George L. Andrews, of Boston, who had also been in the councils at the State House, ought to be lieutenant-colonel. It would have been difficult to find three men equally qualified for the work before them. The first, after graduating at West Point, in 1846, had immediately entered upon active service. He had participated in every action of General Scott s cam paign, from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico ; had been severely wounded after the fall of that city ; had been brevetted " for gallant and meritorious conduct ; " and 6 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. not until after nine years of service, sometimes as far away as Oregon, had he concluded to return to civil life. Entering upon the practice of the law, he was rapidly making himself successful, when he again brought to the service of the country the clear intellect, thorough knowledge, rapid decision, and power of exciting enthusiasm, which have been recognized by subsequent promotion, well-earned, and only too slowly given. George L. Andrews had graduated at West Point, in 1851, at the head of his class. Assigned to duty as assistant to Colonel Thayer of the Engineers, he had been engaged for three years in the construction of Fort Warren, in Boston harbor ; had been ordered to West Point as Acting Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Military Engineering, the Science of War, &c., where he remained a year, and resigned on account of the absurd inadequacy of the (then) pay to support a family. Thoroughly acquainted with military science from its broadest principles to its slightest details, a thorough disciplinarian, a man to whom duty was law, his merit has shown itself in higher stations and important commands. These qualifications he brought to the Second, refusing the place of paymaster, and also the colonelcy of a regiment of volunteers. Wilder D wight was a graduate of Harvard College, of high rank in the class of 1853, and of its Law School. With a clear mind, high culture, indomita ble will, genial and persuasive powers, with the culture obtained by foreign travel and the discipline of study THE BEGINNING. 7 with Caleb Gushing and Judge Hoar, he had sprung at once into the higher ranks of his profession. He was not without some knowledge of military routine, ac quired at a military school. He would have seen high rank but for the fatal day of Antietam. These men gave their best powers and most earnest devotion to their country. For its sake they deter mined to make a regiment worthy of the cause. How far they succeeded is now historical. Previous to any overt act of rebellion, Greely S. Curtis, of Boston, had said to Major Gordon, "If this thing leads to war, I wish to go ; and I should like to go under your command." In the interviews alluded to, Mr. Curtis again spoke of entering the service. He was promised a commission. He mentioned jthe names of several of his friends whom he thought quali fied ; among them were James Savage, jun., and Henry L. Higginson, of Boston. After some inquiries they were promised suitable positions. These gentlemen and others assisted in raising money, and in other methods. Their recommendation was justified. On Thursday, April 25, the "Boston Journal" said : " Recruiting offices for the new regiment under Major Gordon were opened yesterday at 22, Canal Street ; at Clin ton Street, corner of Merchants Row; and at 129, Federal Street. . . . Another ... at No. 55, State Street, next to en trance to Merchants Exchange." At Canal Street was Mr. Curtis ; at Clinton Street, Mr. A. D. Sawyer ; at Federal Street, Mr. Under- 8 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. wood, and Richard S. Fay, jun. ; at State Street, J. Parker Whitney, afterwards, Mr. Underwood, and, still later, Francis H. Tucker and T. L. Motley, jun. Some of these offices were temporarily suspended after a few days ; for the consideration was weighty that there was yet no authority to raise a regiment, and no evidence that one tendered would be accepted. It was determined, therefore, to apply for authority directly to the War Department. The State gave its sanction, and Messrs. Andrews and Dvvight were se lected to go to Washington. They left Boston on the 25th of April. South of Philadelphia, they began to find troops on the road : but, being bearers of despatches from Governor Andrew, they found no difficulty in getting to Perryville on the Susquehanna, where they were obliged to take a tug boat for Annapolis ; for this was the time when the road through Baltimore was in the hands of a brutal mob allowed to work its will by an inefficient Executive. Late in the evening of the 26th, Messrs. Andrews and Dvvight reached Annapolis. The buildings and grounds of the Naval School were filled with three-months men ; and, although there were the usual bustle and want of system of raw troops, it was pleasant to see that the Government had so far been spurred into life. Passes were procured from General Butler for Washington ; and information that a train would start at some uncer- tain time in the night, uncertain, because the road had been damaged by Maryland rebels. Three days before, a Massachusetts soldier, looking at a locomotive disabled THE BEGINNING. by Annapolis people, said, "I made this engine ; and I can put it together again ; " and the Massachusetts Eighth and the New- York Seventh opened the way to the junction. But the road was again injured ; and when Messrs. Andrews and D wight, with Captain (since Colonel) Maynadier of the Ordnance Corps, a loyal Virginian, who had accompanied them from Perry- ville, after remaining all night in the station-house, and getting in the morning a breakfast of the usual Southern hog and hominy, started on the train, they found frequent delays necessary for repairs. At Annapo lis Junction were trains filled with troops, and camps were near by. Pickets were stationed along the road to Washington ; troops were in that city, and reconnoi- sances were being made. The loyal people were then cheerful; but Breckenridge, Mason, Wigfall, Hunter, and Clingman were still in Washington. An interview with the Secretary of War was ob tained by the help of General Eipley, Chief of Ord nance, on Monday, April 29. The application did not meet with favor. The Secretary doubted his right to authorize the raising of a three-years regiment. Then, as some time later, it required effort to obtain the privilege of defending the country. The messengers from Massachusetts persisted. D wight thought he could draft a paper which would be satisfactory. Ap parently wearied with the importunity, the Secretary told him to do so. It was done ; and, after a little hesitation, signed. D wight immediately telegraphed, " All right : go ahead ! " 10 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. In that paper, which pledged the Secretary to accept the regiment when it should be raised, the first author ity, in point of time, to raise a three-years regiment, was thus given to what became the SECOND REGIMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. When the President issued his call, May 4, 1861, for thirty-nine regiments of infantry and one of cavalry, for three years, this regiment became one of the thirty-nine ; and it was, with all other volunteer regiments, subsequently a part of the half-million of men authorized by Act of Con gress, July 22, 1861. With this permission, Andrews and D wight returned home, still by way of Annapolis. With this authority, with the assurance of aid from the Governor, and with his promise that the commander should select his officers, and with funds in plenty, the work was pushed vigorously forward. The recruiting offices were re opened on the 29th, and others added. Charles F. Morse opened an office in Salem ; James Savage, jun., in Fitchburg ; Charles R. Mudge, in Lynn ; Marcus M. Hawes, in Lawrence ; Rufus Choate, in Springfield ; Richard Gary, Richard C. Goodwin, and others, in Boston ; while men were recruited in Easton, in Berk shire County, and a few in other places, at the same time. The control of the funds and the designation of methods were left with the commander. The particu lar rank to be given to Curtis, Savage, Higginson, Mudge, and others was, by common consent, undecided : the simple assurance, that, at the proper time, a suitable THE BEGINNING. 11 assignment of rank should be made, conforming to the impressions of the colonel as to fitness and capacity, gave entire satisfaction and secured entire harmony. The principal office headquarters in Boston was opened at 20, State Street, Colonel Gordon being there except during a temporary illness, when Lieutenant- Colonel Andrews took charge. Charles Wheaton, jun., of Boston, was soon selected to aid, eventually becom ing adjutant. His value is well remembered, as he remained in that capacity, declining promotion, until he became, in 1862, commissary of subsistence, in which station he rose to a place on the staff of a corps commander. R. Morris Copeland, in the latter part of April, by advice of James Savage, with whom he had become acquainted in Salignac s drill-club, ap plied for the place of regimental quartermaster : it was given him ; and his indefatigable zeal and business ability made him a most valuable officer. Energetic and faithful, he afterwards was aid to Major-General Banks, and then assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of major. Patriotic, able, and brave, yet he will pardon it impulsive, he was finally sacrificed to personal pique, all who knew him felt unjustly and on mere pretence. It was held as a principle, that the officers should be first selected, and they should recruit their own companies ; and not that the men elect their officers. This principle was apparently varied from in two instan ces, but only apparently. One was in the case of the "Abbott Grays." 12 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. This was a company raised in Lowell. On the morning succeeding the attack of the Baltimore rebels on Massachusetts troops, Edward G. Abbott, of Low ell, commenced raising a company "for the war." It was filled that day. Organized under the militia laws of the State, under the name of the "Abbott Grays" (in compliment to Hon. J. G. Abbott) , it had a cap tain and four lieutenants, who received their commis sions from the Governor. When it was known that Colonel Gordon was raising a regiment, Hon. Mr. Abbott applied to him to receive this company as a part of his command. After an interview with Captain Abbott, the manly qualities of that officer, and the superior material in the ranks, satisfied the Colonel ; and the company was received, with Edward G. Abbott as captain ; Harrison G. O. Wey mouth, for a few weeks, first lieutenant ; then William D. Sedgwick, first lieutenant; and James Francis, second lieutenant : Abbott, to fall at Cedar Mountain ; Weymouth, to attain the rank of major, and to lose a limb at Frede- ricksburg; Sedgwick, to die at Antietam ; and Francis, to become a field-officer, but to bear for ever the marks of the enemy s bullets. On the same day with the above, William Cogswell, a lawyer in Salem, commenced recruiting there. The company was soon filled ; named the " Andrew Light Guard," while in State service ; and went into camp on Winter Island, Salem Harbor, in "Camp Webb," about the 22d of April. Through the instrumentality of the Governor, it was made a part of Colonel THE BEGINNING. 13 Gordon s regiment, 1 with William Cogswell, captain, to become brevet-brigadier-general ; Edwin R. Hill, a former soldier in Mexico, first lieutenant, to fall in battle ; and Robert B. Brown, second lieutenant, then a law-student, but to leave the service senior captain in his regiment. 1 " Major Gordon, of this city, is raising a regiment. He is a West-Point officer of great merit. His second officer is also a distinguished graduate of West Point. Perhaps you would find it agreeable to add so valuable a body of men as you offer, to his corps ; and I presume that your applica tion, under cover of this letter, may invite his respectful consideration, if his ranks are not already full, and his officers selected." Letter of Gover nor Andrew, May 6. 1-1 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. II. CAMP ANDREW. BROOK FARM, a locality in West Roxbury, once well known as the seat of an experiment on the " community " system, was owned, in 1861, by Rev. James Freeman Clarke, of Boston. When it became necessary to secure a site for a camp, this place occurred to Mr. Copeland as suitable. The patriotic owner freely consented, and gave its use without pay. 1 It was capacious and pleas ant, well watered, and had upon it some large build ings. Its use was obtained on the 9th of May; and, on the llth of May, CAMP ANDREW so named from respect to the faithful, patriotic Governor was estab lished by the coming of Captain Abbott s company, thenceforward known as "Company A." On the afternoon of May 14, Captain Cogswell s company (C) arrived in camp, seventy-five men; and, 1 The liberal proposal of another gentleman, who had been inquired of regarding an estate of his, ought to be noticed. " If the State of Massachu setts requires any such place for the accommodation of its soldiery, for one year, or for three years, or during the whole term of the war now in pro gress, my estate in West Roxbury, at the end of Weld Street, and opposite the Brook farm, is at its service, to be occupied by its artillery, cavalry, or infantry, without any expense to the State, free and gratis, and with out payment of rent or taxes." John C. Gore $ Sons. CAMP ANDREW. 15 shortly after, forty-two men from Fitchburg and vicinity, the first detachment of Company D, Captain Savage. In the evening of the same day, Captain Whitney s company (F), seventy-eight men, arrived. Late at night eleven o clock on the 15th, Captain Under wood brought Company I, eighty-two men. On the 20th, Company E, from Medway, eighty men, came to camp. This company had been raised in April, and had chosen its own officers. But, concluding to enter the regiment, it agreed, as the condition of acceptance, to take the officers designated by Colonel Gordon. These were, Samuel M. Quincy, captain, who came to be colonel, but found his health so shattered by wounds received at Cedar Mountain, and by rebel captivity, that he could not endure the hardships of field service, and became assistant inspector-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and afterwards colonel of the Seventy-third U. S. C. T., and subsequently brevet-ted brigadier-general ; William B. Williams, first lieuten ant, a captain when he fell bravely at Cedar Moun tain ; and Ochran H. Howard, second lieutenant, to be subsequently in charge of the signal corps of a department. Captain T. J. C. Amory, United - States Army (afterwards brigadier - general of volunteers), being appointed mustering-officer, began his duty at Camp Andrew on the 18th, mustering in companies A, C, F, I, and parts of other companies. As detachments came, he mustered their men in. No record of the first date appears : it was probably omitted because the regiment was at last mustered in as a whole. 16 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. The companies not already mentioned came in detach ments as recruited. They were organized as follows : Company B, Greely S. Curtis, captain, whom ill health, in 1864, drove from the service, when he was major in the First Massachusetts Cavalry ; Charles F. Morse, first lieutenant, who, after a faithful service (once wounded in North Carolina) , led home the regi ment in 1865 ; and James M. Ellis, second lieutenant, who subsequently became commissary of subsistence, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Company D, James Savage, jun., captain, a lieutenant-colonel, when, a true soldier and gentleman, he died of wounds received at Cedar Mountain ; Wil liam D. Sedgwick, first lieutenant, but transferred to Company A before leaving camp, and succeeded by Henry L. Higginson, who remained in the service until ill health forced him to resign the commission of major in the First Massachusetts Cavalry ; and (after the promotion of Higginson) Fletcher M. Abbott, second lieutenant, who was eventually disabled by disease. Company F was officered by Charles R. Mudge, captain (after a brief service by J. Parker Whitney), who met a soldier s death while leading the regiment in that gallant, fatal charge at Gettysburg ; Robert G. Shaw, first lieutenant, who sleeps at Wagner ; and Thomas R. Robeson, second lieutenant, who fell with Mudge at Gettysburg. Company G was commanded by Richard Gary, who lingered one day after the sad 9th of August, 1862 ; Henry S. Russell, first lieutenant, since colonel of the CAMP ANDREW. 17 Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry; and Anson D. Sawyer, second lieutenant, who so long and so ably filled the post of quartermaster, until, in front of Atlanta, ill health sent him home. Company H, Francis H. Tucker, captain ; Thomas L. Motley, jun., first lieutenant, to be permanently dis abled by wounds while major in the First Massachu setts Cavalry ; and (after a brief service of Robert G. Shaw) Stephen G. Perkins, second lieutenant, who was added to the list of dead at Cedar Mountain. Company I had Adin B. Underwood, captain, made a brigadier - general for his gallant leading of the Thirty- third Massachusetts at Wauhatchie, where he was maimed for life ; Marcus M. Hawes, first lieuten ant, afterwards assistant quartermaster in the Depart ment of the Gulf; and Rufus Choate, second lieutenant, whose broken constitution and recent death were the price of his loyalty. Company K was commanded by Richard C. Goodwin, who left an ambulance, at Cedar Mountain, to fall in battle : George P. Bangs, first lieutenant, afterwards prostrated by disease ; and Charles P. Horton, second lieutenant, afterwards an assistant adjutant-general. The staff, in addition to the adjutant and quarter master already noticed, was composed as follows : Lucius M. Sargent, jun., surgeon, who, after dis playing eminent ability in that post, entered the First Massachusetts Cavalry as captain, and fell, a lieutenant- colonel, near Bell Field, Va., in 1864; Lincoln R. Stone, assistant-surgeon, eventually surgeon of volun- 2 18 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. teers ; and, in June, Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, chaplain, whose church, at Jamaica Plain, gave him two years leave of absence, before their final separation. The non-commissioned staff was made up as follows : George W. Blake, a soldier in the regular service in the Florida and Mexican Wars, was appointed ser geant-major, eventually disabled by disease ; James H. Fletcher, quartermaster - sergeant ; Erastus B. Car 11, who had served five years in the Fourth United-States Artillery, commissary-sergeant, and earned promotion ; Joseph W. Nutting, hospital-steward, who served un til he died of disease ; Henry Kesselhuth, who had been a soldier (and wounded) in the Brunswick service in the revolutions of 1848, drum-major; and Charles Spiegel was band-leader until regimental bands were discharged. That band, raised under the auspices of P. S. Gilmore, was a rare acquisition. The first sergeants of the several companies were these : Company A, Eben B. Whitten, killed at Cedar Mountain. Company B, Joseph C. Hill, who had served in India, and who became an officer on the staff of General Rosecrans. Company C, George B. Browning, severely wounded at Cedar Mountain, and made an officer in the Invalid Corps. Company D, Theodore K. Parker, promoted for gallant conduct. Company E, William R. Parsons, afterwards dis charged for wounds at Antietam. Company F, Sol omon Martin, killed at Antietam. Company G, George P. Southack, once a soldier in the United- CAMP ANDREW. 19 States service, in Utah, disabled at Cedar Mountain. Company H, Charles F. Green. Company I, Everett W. Pattison, a graduate of Waterville College, who became captain. Company K, William T. Mix, who soon died of disease contracted in the line of duty. Hans G. Christensen was color-sergeant, who, disabled by disease, shed tears as he saw, from the hospital tent at Darnestown, the colors carried out in battalion drill. * That flag that I have taken such care of, " he said to the chaplain, " I shall never carry again." He left it to a line of successors, in whose hands it was never dishonored ; the most of whom are sleeping in soldiers graves. Of the other non-commissioned officers and the men, their names and deeds will be recorded by and by. They entered the service before the days of bounties. The pay they expected was eleven dollars a month. Some had seen service in India, before and behind the works of Sebastopol, in the French service, in the revolutions of 1848, in Florida, in Mexico, in Oregon, and on the Plains ; and these were ready to renew the hardships of march and bivouac and camp, of picket and reconnoissance, of skirmish and battle, of ambulance and hospital. To most, war was a mysterious thing, full of unknown terrors ; but these men were, ready to meet them for the country s sake. No nobler, truer, brarer men left home than these, who, led by such officers, gave the Massachusetts Second its noble record. The regiment was gradually filled. At Colonel 20 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Gordon s head-quarters in Boston there was great activ ity. The office was alive, day after day, with men, who, as accepted, were sent to Camp Andrew. The general business was pressing, but easily despatched by one so well versed in all military details as Colonel Gordon, and assisted by such a -man as Major D wight. At camp, Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews soon appeared, and took his quarters. The drill and discipline there fell mainly to his share of work. Sergeant Collins, of the United-States Sappers and Miners, was obtained as drill-master ; but he did not remain long, and Lieu tenant-Colonel Andrews himself drilled the officers, and had, as well as Colonel Gordon later, recitations daily. In fact, with their own drill, the drill of the men, attention to all roll-calls, guard-mounting, parade, and daily recitations in tactics, the officers had little time to call their own. The hours of duty, as recorded, will show this : " 4.45, A.M., Reveille ; 5.20, Inspection of quarters by company officers; 5.30, Roll call of companies, and squad- drill ; 6.45, Surgeon s call, and signal for drill to cease ; 7, Signal for breakfast ; 7.40, Inspection of guard detail by first sergeants of companies ; 7.45, Guard mounting ; 8.30, Signal for drill by squads ; 10.30, Signal for drill by squads to cease, and for commissioned officers to assemble for practical instruc tion ; 11.30, Signal for non-commissioned officers to assemble for practical instruction, the sergeant-major will call the roll ; 12, M. Signal for commissioned officers to assemble for theo retical instruction; 12.45, P.M., Recall, and non-commissioned officers drill; 1, Signal for dinner; 3.30, Signal for drill; 6, Signal for drill to cease ; 6.30, Signal for companies to CAMP ANDREW. 21 assemble for roll-call, and inspection by company officers; 6.40, Adjutant s call, signal for companies to be marched by captains to parade-ground ; Immediately after parade, supper; 9, Tattoo; 9.30, Taps." When the commissions were issued at the State House, those of the field officers were dated 1 May 24 ; of the surgeon, May 28 ; of the assistant surgeon, June 1 ; of the chaplain, June 20 2 ; of the captains, May 24 ; of the first lieutenants, May 25 ; and of the second lieutenants, May 28. The colonel issued his first order under the new commission, as follows : HEADQUARTERS SECOND REG. MASS. VOLS. CAMP ANDREW, WEST ROXBUEY, May 27, 1861. GENERAL ORDERS, No. 1. 1. The undersigned, having been duly invested with the proper authority, hereby assumes the command of the troops at this encampment. 1 On what principle the dates were assigned was never quite understood. The date of the colonel s commission, when the papers were made out, was found to be May 24 ; that of the colonel of the First Regiment, May 22, which, by rule, gave that regiment a nominal priority. As a matter of fact, Colonel Cowdin had not been mustered in on the day that Colonel Gordon was; at least, Captain Amory, mustering officer, so stated on the day of Colonel Gordon s muster. By the rule, that commissions could be given only after ten companies were mustered in, Colonel Cowdin s date was clearly wrong; for his tenth company was not mustered until the 27th, according to the reports of the adjutant-general, while the latest day possible to the Second was the 25th. In addition, the Adjutant-general s Report, issued Jan uary, 1866, says the First Regiment " was mustered into the service of the United States, June 15, 1861." If this was so, the question of priority is settled, as the Department decided on May 25 as the date of the Second. It is a matter of little moment, however ; both regiments honored themselves and Massachusetts. 2 This date should have been earlier ; the inadvertence or misunderstand ing of that officer led to an error not perceived until too late to remedy. 22 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. 2. The order of rank of the captains of the Second Regi ment, having been designated by authority duly delegated from the War Department, is hereby promulgated for the benefit of all concerned : 1st, Francis H. Tucker ; 2d, Gree- ly S. Curtis; 3d, James Savage, jun. ; 4th, Edward G. Abbott; 5th, Samuel M. Quincy; 6th, Richard Gary; 7th, William Cogswell ; 8th, J. Parker Whitney ; 9th, Adin B. Underwood; 10th, Richard C. Goodwin. By command of Colonel GEORGE H. GORDON. CHARLES R. MUDGE, Acting Adjutant. Power indeed had been had, but, until the muster-in, its tenure was rather baseless. From the time of formal appointment, it rested on firm foundations. In fact, the military authority asserted, perhaps, its earliest prerogative over citizens in Massachusetts at this camp. It was when a citizen had opened a place for the sale of intoxicating liquors. It was working mischief. So, after fruitless remonstrances, a squad was sent to the place, under an officer ; and, although outside the camp, unceremoniously emptied the liquors into the road, and so abated the nuisance. For the first six weeks, food was furnished to the men ready cooked. Suitable cooks and stewards w r ere pro vided ; and, three times a day, the men used to come to the proper quarters. The system was changed, how ever, to fit men for actual service ; and company cooks were detailed. It is worthy of record, that, under the first system, although the groceries and some other food were supplied by the same dealers as supplied the Tre- mont and the Revere, and the extravagance of the food was sharply commented upon, yet the average daily CAMP ANDKEW. 23 cost per man was found to have been short of twenty- five cents ; while contractors for some other troops had forty cents. The difference was in the oversight of Quartermaster Copeland. The regimental fund paid the bills. The clothing was procured, by contract, from Whit ing, Galloupe, & Bliss, of Boston, and was the best the regiment ever had. Strong efforts were made to have " gray " adopted ; but Colonel Gordon was firm, and the opinion of Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews supported him, that the army uniform must be had. Indeed, when the militia was to be made ready to go to Wash ington, Colonel Gordon, whose presence was asked at a consultation, advised the army uniform. A general said, " He hoped never to see the Massachusetts soldier clothed in the uniform of the regular army. Such an attempt had nearly caused a mutiny in a Massachusetts regiment in Mexico." " I believe," said Colonel Gor don, " that the war is to be one of no short duration, and, as the troops may wear out the clothes they start with, it would be almost impossible for the Gover nor of Massachusetts to follow each soldier to the field to supply a pair of Massachusetts trousers. Besides, all that saved the Massachusetts regiment in Mexico from returning in the f uniform of the Georgia militia (shirt collar and pair of spurs) was due to the fact that they were supplied with United-States uniforms which they wore home." The regimental fund enabled Colonel Gordon to make his own selections, especially as the regiment was in an anomalous position as to 24 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. authority. But the State subsequently assumed the cost of the clothing. It was with considerable effort that rifled muskets were secured; but they were obtained, the Enfield, when the Enfield imported was a good piece. Gradu ally it was superseded by the Springfield, of substan tially the same character. When, after weeks of preparation, the wagons were brought to camp, twenty-seven in those luxurious days, and the hundred finely selected wagon-horses were tethered in the camp limits, the equipment was well-nigh complete. No such was found anywhere in service ; and when, in after days, wagons were cut down in number, and horses turned in, and at last mules re placed the horses, the wagoners sighed, rather the wagoner, for the twenty-five had, under successive orders, dwindled to one. Two flags had been presented to the regiment. The first was on the 26th of June. The "Boston Daily Advertiser " gave the following account : The regiment was drawn up in line of battle, and pre sented a fine and soldierly appearance. Their movements all indicated a high state of efficiency and drill. A large number of spectators, including the donors and their friends, were present on the hill overlooking the parade-ground. At a quarter-past five, Mr. E. Francis Bowditch advanced towards Colonel Gordon, before the line, unfolding the colors to the breeze. The battalion saluted by presenting arms, the band playing the " Star-Spangled Banner." The officers, having been ordered to the front,, gathered in a group around the colonel, and were addressed by Mr. J. Lothrop Motley, on behalf of the ladies presenting the flag, as follows : CAMP ANDREW. 25 Colonel Gordon, Gentlemen, and Ladies : Only three hours ago, I was informed, to my utter surprise, that the honor had been conferred upon me of presenting this banner to your regiment. I wish that some worthier and more experienced speaker could have performed this service. And yet I could not find it in my heart to deny myself the deep gratification of associ ating my name, in however subordinate a degree, with this noble regiment and this most interesting occasion. I implore your forgiveness for my inability adequately to express the emotions which are filling all our hearts. You will not value the less this gift from the fair hands of your countrywomen, from those who are near and dear to you, because of my deficiency. Never in my life did I so covet the divine gift of eloquence as on this occasion. And yet I am consoled ; for, had I the tongue of angels, I could not hope to match the mute elo quence of those stars and those stripes. Nearly a century ago, there beyond the green hills, in the fair and ancient town of Cambridge, the seat of the Muses, on the 1st of January, 1776, that banner of stripes was first unfurled to the breeze by the great hand of Washington. The Continental Congress, eighteen months later, added the cluster of stars. Then rose that glorious constellation, never more to set. The starry symbol of our Union, respected abroad on land and sea, and idolized at home, was never degraded or trailed in the dust till 1861, and never by the hands of foreigners. Never shall living man forget how the hearts of all loyal Americans, whether dwelling on this or the other side of the Atlantic, were thrilled, as by the sound of the trumpet, when we first caught the response to the call of the president for volunteers, the voice of twenty millions whose bosoms were one. To your hands, Colonel Gordon, to your tried valor, to your signal ability, to your fortunate military experience on 26 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. the field of honor, we gladly intrust these our most precious possessions, the bone and muscle of our ancient Common wealth, and the aspirations and the ardor of the youthful chivalry of our State. We know that in your hands, and in those of your brave companions in arms, the welfare and honor of the whole country are safe. Our hearts are too full for words. Our hopes, our prayers, our pride, every thing but our fears, go with you. In the name of your countrywomen, I present to you this flag. We know that its folds will never be stained, that they will ever wave foremost among the foremost where duty and honor call. As I place it in your hand, I will only add the brief and simple phrase of the herald, in the early days of warfare and of chivalry, " May God defend the Right ! " Colonel Gordon then replied substantially as follows : Sir, In the name of the Second Regiment of Massachu setts Volunteers, it becomes my duty to receive this magnifi cent flag, and to respond as well as I may. I could wish that some one more eloquent might answer for them. But this is not the hour or the place for words. When I look upon this long line of men, eager to fight for their country, and in the youthful but resolute faces of these officers who surround me, I feel a deep sense of the responsi bilities on which I have entered, and which, God willing, I will discharge. This flag of our country, which bears on its folds the glorious record of the war of the Revolution, of the war of 1812, and of another conquest of Mexico, has never been trailed in the dust before a foreign foe. It was left to our own countrymen to make the first record of its dishonor. But it still continues the flag of our country, and, God willing, none other shall wave defiantly before it. Never, till it was struck down, did we feel it to be so truly the symbol of our country s greatness. We had been accustomed to regard it in times of peace as only a symbol of our prosperity ; but, now CAMP ANDKEW. 27 that the hour of trial has come, we look to it as the emblem of our freedom and our power. It shall never cease to wave over our whole country. We accept this flag, and will render our account of it here after. And, sir, borrowing the sentiment of that immortal statesman, we will strive to defend it so that not a star shall be removed nor a stripe erased. At the conclusion of the colonel s address, the officers returned to their posts. The color-guard advanced, received the colors from Mr. Bowditch, and carried them to their posi tion in the line ; and the battalion was then marched off in column of platoons to the parade-ground in front of the encampment. The companies were then dismissed, and, half an hour later, returned for dress-parade. At the close of parade, the ladies and other friends of the officers were invited to head-quarters, where they found an abundant collation. The flag is an unusually fine one, six feet by nine, made of the richest silk. The stars are of gold bullion, very heavy, embroidered on a blue field. The staff is surmounted by a solid silver eagle, heavily gilded, and is decorated with gold tassels of great richness. The flag does great credit to the designers and donors ; and we feel assured has been placed in the hands of those who will esteem it an inestimable privilege to carry it in the van of our army, and will never cease to seek their country s welfare at any personal sacrifice. The donors of this flag were Mrs. Richard S. Fay, jun., Miss Bowditch, Mrs. P. Stevens, Mrs. James Lawrence, Mrs. George M. Barnard, Miss Btirtlett, Miss Motley, Mrs. Eben Bacon, Miss S. F. Bradlee, Miss Amory, Mrs. John G. Gushing, Mrs. James M. Codman, Miss Sargent, Mrs. J. Ingersoll Bowditch, Mrs. Mudge, Mrs. Alice Bowditch, Mrs. N. T. Bow- ditch. SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. How gallantly this flag the battle-flag was borne, may be seen in its remnants at the State House. The State flag was presented on the 1st of July. It had upon one side the State arms and motto, with the name of the regiment; on the other, the inscription, "We bear the flag, and keep step to the music, of the Union," with the name of the regiment repeated. The donors of this flag were Miss Gary, Mrs. Bangs, Misses Bangs, Mrs. Jere. Abbott, Mrs. J. M. Bell, Mrs. Rufus Choate, Mrs. J. E. Pratt, Mrs. Good win, Miss Bowditch, Mrs. Henry F. Durant, Miss Bartlett, Miss Adams, Miss A. Reynolds, Miss Amory, Misses Austen, Miss Horton, Miss Tyler, Miss Upton, Miss Thwing, Miss Gray, Miss Hall, Mrs. Whitmore, Miss Lombard, Miss Blake, Mrs. J. B. Upham, Miss J. Whitney, Mrs. S. H. Walley, Miss Brewer, Mrs. John E. Lodge, Mrs. R. C. Mackay, Mrs. T. H. Perkins, Mrs. Samuel Hooper, Mrs. J. T. Coolidge, Mrs. J. S. Coolidge, Mrs. H. Ritchie, Miss Curtis, Miss Abbott, Miss Higginson. Hon. George S. Hillard made the address of presen tation, in behalf of the ladies who gave it. So far as preserved, his remarks were as follows : Colonel Gordon, I have been requested to present this flag to the regiment under your command. It is the gift of some of our patriotic countrywomen, who, since the breaking- out of this war, have shown in so many ways their high- souled devotion to the cause of their country. For their sake, as well as for the ideas which it symbolizes, I am sure it will have a peculiar value in your eyes. And I have much pleas ure in performing this duty. I feel a special interest in the CAMP ANDREW. 29 fate and fortunes of your regiment, from the fact that among your ranks are several of my friends and one dear kinsman. Upon this flag are displayed the arms of Massachusetts, a State which we love so well, and which so well deserves our love. But we love the Union none the less, but all the more, because of our local attachment to the particular spot in which our lot has been cast. The affections of the heart are increased, and not exhausted, by use. What should we say of the man who should affirm that his love for his father was so great that he had none left to bestow upon his mother? Such, it seems to me, is the attitude of those who profess an allegiance to their State of such kind and degree as to be incompatible with an affectionate loyalty to the Union. The flag has also as a motto or device the words, " We carry the flag, and keep step to the music, of the Union." You know by what eloquent lips, now sealed in death, these words were spoken, words which have become proverbial and immortal, a part of the circulating wealth of the intellect ual realm. This expression is one of those " Jewels, five words long, That on the stretched forefinger of all time Sparkle for ever." In the quarry of that rich and creative mind many such crystals of speech were elaborated, symmetrical, glittering, translucent. These words of the great orator, patriot, and statesman, are with peculiar propriety borne upon this banner, because his kindred and the children of his blood have been largely instrumental in procuring it, and because his only son is serving under your command. Assuredly, the father s spirit is well pleased with what it sees this day. And here I might pause ; for that which I was desired to do I have done. But you and the officers and men under your command will permit me to make this occasion the text for a few observations which I hope may prove pertinent thereto. 30 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Colonel Gordon replied appropriately, but the reply was never written out. The " Transcript " added : - " Both speeches were received with cheers ; and at the close the regiment was marched into the camp, and, after an inter val of rest, was drawn up for the evening dress-parade, the execution of which excited high praise. A refreshing colla tion was dispensed at head-quarters ; and the company were entertained by music from the well-trained band, until the shades of evening compelled them to beat an unwilling retreat." No regiment had warmer or kinder friends. The mere suggestion of any want brought immediate sup ply. Money or time was not then, nor ever after, spared to furnish the Second with every thing that thoughtful love could imagine. Evidence of this will appear in the course of this record. The Second repaid the kindness, on many a hard-fought field. Nearly two months passed away in steady prepara tion. Hard work, and severe sometimes irksome discipline, made it no holiday. But it had its bright side. Memory reproduces the spot. The guard at the entrance ; the head-quarters, with the sentinel walking his post, a strange sight; the flagstaff where, from reveille to retreat, the Stars and Stripes floated ; the hospital in the rear of head -quarters, where surgeon and assistant surgeon faithfully ministered ; the winding road to the slope where the old tents were ranged in double lines with company-street between ; the cook houses on the left ; the line-officers tents crowning the CAMP ANDREW. 31 slope ; the quarters of the excellent bcand ; the river where men bathed by companies ; the drill-ground ; the hollow where, on the sabbath, was public worship ; the level where, evening after evening, beauty and generosity watched the strange and fascinating parade, all are before the eye of such of the thousand men as the fate of war has left ; a thinned band now ; and many that are left are scarred and maimed, to whom, with other thousands, their country owes eternal grati tude. Late in the evening of the 6th of July came this communication : CAMP GORDON, July 6, 8, P.M. COLONEL GORDON, Second Regiment, M.Y. Sir, The following despatch was received at head-quar ters this afternoon, at four o clock : WAR DEPARTMENT, July 6, 1861 ADJUTANT-GENERAL, MASS. Governor Andrew has been requested [by] telegraph to the Brevoort House, New York, to order Colonel Gordon s regiment to proceed as rapidly as possible to Williamsport, via Chambersburg, and report to Major-General Patterson. WINFIELD SCOTT. In the absence of His Excellency, I communicate the message. Inasmuch as they knew, at "Washington, that your command was to leave on Monday, the fact of General Scott sending the message makes it apparent that he wished you to leave before ; and we shall endeavor to make ar rangements to enable your regiment to leave for New York, to-morrow, P.M. WM. SCHOULER, Adjutant-General. 32 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Arrangements were not completed for the next after noon : but, on the morning of the 8th of July, tents were struck ; baggage was packed ; quarters aban doned ; the men formed in column; "route step, for ward ! " and CAMP ANDREW ceased to be. PATTERSON S CAMPAIGN. 33 III. PATTERSON S CAMPAIGN. WHEN, at ten o clock on the morning of the 8th of July, 1861, Camp Andrew was abandoned, never more to be occupied by troops , the regiment marched a mile and a half to West-Roxbury station, on the Dedham Branch, to take cars for Boston. It was an intensely hot day, never surpassed in severity in any campaigns in Virginia or Georgia. At Boston, the in tended line of march through the principal streets was wisely abandoned, although to the disappointment of many friends who had provided refreshments at various points. The regiment, under the escort of the Cadets, was taken only from the station, through Tremont, Park, and Beacon Streets, to the southern end of the Beacon-street Mall, on the Common, where tables loaded with luxuries awaited it. Partings were ended by and by ; and, through the densest of crowded throngs, the waving of flags, and the cheers of thousands, the regiment entered the Providence station. Wagons, horses, baggage, and wagoners, who had come direct ly to Boston, had their own train. A thousand and thirty-five men occupied theirs ; and, late in the 3 34 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. afternoon, the journey of years began, 1 with welcome at every station, along the waters, which glittered in the evening moonlight ; upon the steamer at Groton, with but one accident, the stepping of an officer into the water, from which he emerged safely; over the Sound through the night, and in the waters of New- York Bay in the morning ; landing, and a rest in City- Hall Park, with food for the men, while a breakfast at the Astor exhibited the generous love of the host for the Second, to be repeated when that same spot was again its camp in 1863 ; an ovation in the streets ; steamboat to Elizabethport ; hours of waiting there, with new kindnesses ; and, at eleven o clock at night, on the train of the New- Jersey Central. Then there was a long journey across New Jersey ; sweeping through central Pennsylvania ; meeting the fires of the iron-furnaces at the gray of dawn ; dipping hands and bathing faces, at a short halt, in the beauti ful river of the Lehigh Valley ; dashing down the mag nificent wheat-fields of the Cumberland Valley ; across the lovely Susquehanna, at Harrisburg ; and entering Hagerstown past midnight, to meet, for the first time, the peremptory "Halt ! " of the sentinel, before finding rest in the churches of that town ; on the next afternoon, marching to Williamsport, there to pitch the new Sib- ley tents on the level beside the Potomac, under the few guns on the bluff above ; at five next morning, l On the Common, one man left. " The sheriffs of our several counties and their respective deputies " found " the bod} of George H. Sweet, of Ty- ringham, in the county of Berkshire, a minor," by direction of "Theron Metcalf, J.S.J.C. " The body was alive. PATTERSON S CAMPAIGN. 35 July 12, fording the river, and entering that Virginia destined to furnish the grave of many a hero. It was thirteen miles to Martinsburg, and knapsacks were heavy ; but, in the afternoon, that place was reached. The last mile was lined with lively men, the three-months soldiers, who were amazed to see men march with knapsacks ; and when, passing through the town, and turning to the left, the regiment halted on a pleasant height, it pitched its tents among the camps of Patterson s eighteen thousand men. Here we obtained much news; viz., that "Johnston is falling back," that " Johnston is so chagrined at his position that he is continually drunk ; " that " two companies of rebels have deserted to our side," and other equally valuable information. On the 14th, the regiment was assigned to the sixth brigade, Colonel Abercrombie. General Patterson, who had been a captain in the war of 1812, and had served with credit in Mexico, was a Pennsylvanian, of the three-months service. His forces had been collected at Chamber sburg, where he took command on the 2d of June, and his first object was to dislodge the enemy from Harper s Ferry. When, after overcoming various obstacles, he advanced to Williamsport, which he reached on the 15th, the rebel Johnston abandoned Harper s Ferry, and fell back to four miles below Charlestown. On the 16th, Gen eral Patterson had partially crossed the river, when he received a despatch, " Send all the regular troops, horse and foot, and the Ehode-Island Regiment to Washing ton." Thus left without a single piece of artillery, 36 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. and but one " troop " of cavalry, and sadly weakened by the loss of regulars, he was obliged to recross. After vexatious trials as to requests for re-enforcements and as to transportation, he recrossed, on the 2d of July, with less than eleven thousand men, and with one battery of smooth bores. A sharp skirmish at Falling Waters hardly impeded his progress ; and, the next day, he entered Martinsburg. When the Second arrived, it made, with other re-enforcements, his force eighteen thousand and two hundred men. The enemy was in some force at Bunker Hill, twelve miles from Martinsburg ; and had fortified Winchester, nine miles south of Bunker Hill. General Patterson was now directed to detain John ston in the valley, while operations from Washington were directed against the enemy at Manassas. His own plan of transferring his command to Leesburg, thus se curing Harper s Ferry ; opening a shorter line for his supplies ; and being in position either to re-enforce McDowell or to strike Johnston (if his force war ranted) , should that general move towards Manassas, had not met with approval at the War Department, although afterwards declared by General Halleck the proper course. General Patterson was thus left to do the impossible thing of keeping at Winchester an army which could at liberty move out of it, on exactly the opposite side, to re-enforce the enemy s main army. On the llth of July, he was warned from Washing ton, that the rebels intended to attack, when they had drawn him " sufficiently far back from the river [that is, PATTERSON S CAMPAIGN. 37 towards Winchester] to render impossible his retreat across it on being vanquished." A council called by General Patterson (of whose members five afterwards became general officers, including Major-General Thom as) unanimously opposed an advance on Winchester. But, as a demonstration was wanted to be made at the same time with McDowell s attack, preparations were made to move forward as far as Bunker Hill, with the intention of afterwards moving to Charlestown. On Sunday evening, the 14th, orders were issued to cook rations ; and the camp-fires lighted hills and valleys. That afternoon, the Second had held its first public religious worship in the field ; and the same afternoon the sick were sent back to Williamsport. One of that number, Hibbard, of Company A, was the first who died after the regiment had left home : it was on the 5th of August. March in the morning. The army was on two par allel roads. Arrived at the dirty hamlet of Bunker Hill in the afternoon. Pickets thrown out till they encountered Johnston s. Bivouacked that night. A gentle shower rather impaired its effect, a new expe rience then. The next day, the 16th, was the day . designated by General Scott. The battle was supposed to be fought. Johnston was still at Winchester; so, on the 17th, the army moved to Charlestown, where it would be as well situated in reference to Winchester, and decidedly better as to itself. The Second was in column at three A.M., and moved at eleven. Those were the days of 38 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. trains : when the head had reached Charlestown, eight miles off, three miles of the column had yet to start ! At Middleway, the people scowled at the flag; at Charlestown, the women scowled and spit. At eleven at night, the Second bivouacked just westward of the town. "We haven t had such a crowd," said the people next day, "since John Brown was hung." John Brown was their standard topic ; and the soldiers were curious. They carried off, in small bits, a timber of the gallows frame. Perhaps they never discovered that they had got the wrong stick ; but as to the place of execution, which thousands visited, there was no mistake. When General Patterson found that the battle had not been fought, he issued orders for "rations cooked, and in haversacks ; and to prepare to march imme diately." This was on the 18th : but his men s time was out, or nearly so ; they would not move towards the enemy. He entreated and expostulated, but in vain. All he could do, therefore, was to fall back to Harper s Ferry. When Johnston actually left Winchester, Patterson telegraphed the fact to General Scott. On the 18th, in the afternoon, the Second was ordered alone to Harper s Ferry. It camped in the superintendent s grounds that night. On Sunday, the 21st, General Patterson came with his whole force. The Second moved across the road, and bivouacked. On the 23d, Colonel Gordon was placed in command of the post, with the Second " as temporary garrison." PATTERSON S CAMPAIGN. 39 Among other incidents, thirteen fugitive slaves had ac companied the army to Harper s Ferry. Their owners came for them ; and General Patterson ordered that the masters have all assistance. The fugitives were sent back to their rebel owners. That same week, the battle of Bull Kun was fought; and the owners of some of those very slaves were in the rebel army that day. General Patterson long suffered under public censure for his military conduct ; but the simple facts were these, he was long delayed, before entering Virginia, by somebody s failure to supply transportation : his best troops and all his artillery were taken away ; when he was though inadequately supplied and armed, he necessitated the evacuation of Harper s Ferry by the enemy ; his chosen plan to go to Lees- burg was absurdly refused ; placed in front of Win chester, his strength was inferior to that of the enemy, who had also the advantage of fortifications. To at tack was suicidal ; and he was even cautioned, from Washington, that the enemy was trying to draw him on. He was directed to detain Johnston at Winchester, lest he should re-enforce the enemy at Manassas ; when the road to Manassas lay directly on the opposite side of Winchester, and entirely beyond the least possibility of being disturbed. A day was assigned by General Scott on which this work would be consummated; and on that day Johnston was still at Winchester. Patterson s men were going out of service ; and went im mediately, in spite of his entreaties. And, in his whole 40 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. movement, he had then, as in 1864, the approval of George H. Thomas^ then on his staff, now major-gen eral, whose opinion is decisive. The people demanded a reason for the failure at Bull Eun ; and stupidity in Eastern Virginia threw the blame on General Pat terson. A flag was presented to the Second, at Harper s Ferry. The loyal women of that town had secretly made a flag, to be given to the first national regiment which should enter Harper s Ferry. This flag, during the occupation of the town by the traitor army, was secretly sent for safe keeping to Fred erick City, Maryland. It was brought back, after the occupation of Harper s Ferry by the Massachusetts Second. The occasion of the presentation was one of unusual interest. The citizens assembled in the square, on the evening of July 24 ; and Colonel Gordon, accompanied by the officers of the regiment, the band, and the color-bearer, went down from head-quarters to receive the flag. It was presented to the color-bearer, and saluted, while the band played the Star Spangled Banner. One of the ladies, Miss Annie Marlatt, then spoke as follows : Soldiers of the Union : Thankful that you have come here to protect our homes and our firesides, and in view of your kind and manly bearing toward us, we, the ladies of Harper s Ferry, take pleasure in presenting you this banner, the Stars and Stripes which our forefathers, our Washington, and our kinsmen, both North and South, fought under. Take it, and may you preserve it unblemished ; and may it be a beacon PATTERSON S CAMPAIGN. 41 of protection to life, liberty, and happiness, wherever it may float ! You may then rely upon the prayers, blessings, and good wishes of the ladies of Harper s Ferry. Colonel Gordon then replied as follows : We are proud, ladies of Harper s Ferry, to receive from your hands this emblem of our unbroken nationality. The presentation of our nation s color on Virginia soil, by Virgini ans, to a regiment of patriotic, Union-loving soldiers from Massachusetts, is significant. It is an appeal, by men and women of Virginia, to Massachusetts soldiers, to protect them in their constitutional rights and privileges against the treas onable efforts of rebels, who are represented by that despicable secession-rag that dares to flaunt its accursed folds upon our nation s soil. Ladies of Virginia, we accept this color with the responsi bilities that it brings. Our fathers and your fathers fought together to establish the government which the old Star- spangled Banner represents ; and, so long as life shall , linger in a single Northern heart, so long we swear to uphold this flag ; and accord to you the protection it is able to offer ! Let the old flag float to the breeze, and wave for ever over our country ; insuring protection to life, liberty, and property, under the Constitution of the United States ! Company I, Captain Underwood, was temporarily detached the day after reaching Harper s Ferry. It was sent off, on canal-boats, to the mouth of the Mono- cacy, where it did vigilant service in capturing contra band supplies. Although repeatedly destroyed (by rumor), it returned, a few weeks afterwards, entirely unharmed. On the 25th of July, Major-General Banks took command. On the 28th, he took the whole force 42 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. (except the Second, which was to remain) over the Potomac. The force then was : " Three companies of cavalry, 19th New York, 28th New York, 12th New York, 5th New York, 21st Pennsylvania, Ehode-Island Battery," and " Colonel Stone s brigade." The next day, the " three companies of the 2d Massachusetts Volun teers, will be stationed as a garrison in Harper s Ferry, and the detachment of the 2d Cavalry [20 men] now there, the whole under the command of Lieutenant- Colonel Andrews, 2d Massachusetts Regiment. The remaining companies of that regiment, and three guns of the Ehode-Island Battery, will be stationed under the command of Colonel Gordon of the 2d Massachu setts Volunteers, upon the plateau on the Maryland side, west of the Maryland Heights. The troops on the plateau will be provided with tents, and the necessary outfit for remaining there permanently." The station was occupied, but the " tents " did not appear. The trains were, with the rest of the division, in Pleasant Valley. The Second passed one night in a half-destroyed arsenal building. It held public worship there, near night, when "Old Hundred" rolled up from near a thousand voices, under the crash of a mighty thunder storm. When it crossed, the next day, it was by an old ford, re-opened, which had been used by the Virginia troops in 1775. The campaign was ended. The enemy held the val ley and Manassas. WATCHING THE KIVER. 43 IV. WATCHING THE RIVER. GENERAL BANKS S division was camped, in the early part of August, mainly in Pleasant Valley, which lay behind Maryland Heights. On a ridge there, looking eastward across the Potomac, were the general s head quarters ; and near by was Doubleday (afterwards general) with his guns, one thirty-two pounder among them, whose shots used to startle the citizens of London County. Doubleday left on the 26th of August. The three-months men went, and the three- years men came. Massachusetts sent the 12th and 13th. But the Second was stationed on the plateau over looking Harper s Ferry ; without wagons or tents, on account of the exposed position of the place. From the road under the heights (the road by which Lieu tenant Jones had moved off after firing the arsenals), a crooked path led up the hill a mile or so, by the beau tiful spring, to Tinsel s house, the house at whose gate JOHN BROWN had stopped to make inquiries. Half a mile beyond was the schoolhouse under whose floor John Brown had hid his arms. Here were three weeks of bivouac, hard work, plenty 44 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. of rain, and scanty bacon-sides of a very poor quality. The hard fare was the fault of nobody in the regiment. Every effort was made to secure better. Colonel Gor don had early taught his officers, "Your first duty is not to see that your quarters are ready, but your men s ; not to get your supper, but to see that your men have theirs." But when quarters were shelters of boughs, and nobody had any supper, little could be done. The only decent shelter was the ingenious contrivance of the band. The hospital was established in the little brick house 1 which stood by the canal-lock under the cliff. It was full, not of Massachusetts men only, but from the remnants of the three-months men. Surgeon Sargent was in charge ; Assistant-Surgeon Stone was on de tached service at Hagerstown. Of that building, not a brick remains. Colonel Gordon still commanded the post of Harper s Ferry ; and Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews occupied the Armory grounds, over the ford, with companies A, C, and G. Picket-duty, drill, and the brightest polish ever possible on brass, was the daily business. Rebel prison ers were kept in the engine-house which John Brown had made his fortress, in whose walls the holes he had pierced for his muskets still remained. The fire which had destroyed the other buildings had left this one un touched. Was it prophetic? The regiment was a part of the second brigade, Colonel (afterwards General) Abercrombie, Department of the Shenandoah. Brigade head-quarters were five miles off, behind the hills. WATCHING THE EIVER. 45 There were various alarms, and once a sharp skirmish across the river, with none of the Second hurt. Noth ing more than picket, guard, drill, and supporting the battery on the crest, and the first coming of the pay master, until the 17th of August, when the whole force was to be restationed along the river. The first disposition of it was as follows (by order dated Aug. 18) : Colonel Kenly at Williamsport, Colonel Leonard at Sharpsburg, Colonel Gordon at Sandy Hook, Col onel Geary at Point of Rocks, Colonel Donnelly at Berlin, Colonel Thomas at Urbana, General Hamilton at Buckeystown, Colonel Abercrombie at Hyattstown. But some of these were soon changed. The Second, on the evening of the 17th, was moved around the Heights, to Sandy Hook, to remain a few days. As the companies were to be withdrawn from Harper s Ferry, Herr s flour-mills were destroyed. A great quantity of flour was sent off, and forty or fifty thou sand bushels of wheat and " offal " destroyed to prevent its use by the enemy. On the 19th, there was "information, that the rebels are inarching on Harper s Ferry, six thousand strong." Colonel Gordon made preparations with his regiment, and sent for two pieces of artillery, as authorized. " Don t retire entirely without making your enemy feel you," telegraphed Fitz-John Porter. Colonel Gordon requested Colonel , who was to leave Williams- port for Buckystovvn, to come by the way of Sandy Hook, as there was prospect of a fight ; but the Colonel replied, " It would be out of the way to go so far down 46 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. the river." The commander of the Twenty-eighth New York, however, who had sent information, sent word also, "If you have a good strong show for a fight, let us know ; we will come up with what little force we can muster that are not shoeless" But nothing came of the matter. Relieved by Colonel Geary, the Second and the Twenty-eighth New York proceeded to join their brig ades at Hyattstown, camping the first night at Jefferson, the second at Buckeystown, and on the third after being drenched by a pouring rain all day, hearing driv ers swear their teams out of a difficult slough, and seeing a liquor shop emptied by order turned into Hall s Field, which was very wet. Pitched tents there next day, as it proved, to stay for nearly two months. Water from the well was ten cents a bucket, till General Banks interfered. From the 25th of August to the 6th of September, Colonel Gordon commanded the brigade, which consisted of the Second, the 12th Massachusetts (Colonel Fletcher Webster), 12th and 16th Indiana, and (from the 15th of September) the 1st Pennsylvania Battery. On the 13th of September, General McClellan s order said, " Commanders of divisions, brigades, and regiments are directed to give their personal attention to prepare their commands to take the field. All unnecessary baggage will be disposed of." The Second prepared, and took the field, "Hall s Field ;" also, the well from which water had been sold to the soldiers at ten cents a bucket. WATCHING THE RIVER . 47 ! General Banks commanded from Tenallytown to near Pools ville, where General Stone was met. He had to watch the river, so the usual picketing was done. There was drill three times a day (with knapsacks, by order of General Banks, on the 23d of Septem ber). Officers recitations (which General Abercrom- bie s order of Sept. 23 extended to the other regiments in the brigade) were regularly had. On the 25th, a re-organization of General Banks s force took place. First brigade, General Abercrombie : 12th Massachu setts, 16th Indiana, 12th Indiana, 30th Pennsylva- c aia, 1st Pennsylvania Battery, the Van Alen (N.Y.) Cavalry, and, subsequently, the 66th Pennsylvania. Second brigade, General Hamilton : 9th New- York State Militia, 3d Wisconsin, 13th Massachusetts, 4th Connecticut, 29th Pennsylvania, and Best s Battery (4th United-States Artillery). Third brigade, Colonel Gordon: 2d Massachusetts, 28th New York, 19th New York (afterwards changed into 3d New- York Artillery), 5th Connecticut, 46th Pennsylvania, and, afterwards, Rhode-Island Battery A. On the same day, the quarter-master of the Second, R. Morris Copeland, was made assistant adjutant-general on General Banks s staff. On the 15th of October, Briga dier-General A. S. Williams was assigned to the third brigade. For three years the Second was in his com mand, and he kept their respect. Brave, cool, genial, experienced in Mexico, he was a favorite. If not, he would never have got the pet title of "Papa," short ened by and by into "Pap." When the men, in after 48 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. years, used to say "Here comes Pap, " they felt that matters would go on right ; and " Pap " knew and be lieved in the Second. 1 Around Hall s Field gathered traders. Barns and sheds were filled with various kinds of merchandise. Butter, eggs, and milk were sold at prices wonderful to the old farmers. Tobacco was a staple ; and cooked eatables sold handsomely. And a sergeant of the Second got married to a Massachusetts woman, the chaplain officiating, of course. The whole division was put into good shape, in doing which, some of the non-commissioned officers a? the Second were detailed to drill new regiments. It was in this vicinity, that a colonel was sadly annoyed once. The colonel formally complained to the colonel of an adjoining regiment, that the men of the latter so dis turbed him, on the night before, that he could not sleep. " I ll punish them," said the latter ; " but what did they do?" "Why, there was one of your sentries who kept calling out, r Corporal of the guard, post four ! At last, i ALPHEUS STARKEY WILLIAMS, born at Saybrook, Conn., Sept. 20, 1810, son of Ezra and Hepzibah (Starkey) Williams. His father died in 1818. Alpheus graduated at Yale College in 1831 ; was in Europe from 1834 to 1836; was a lawyer, judge of probate, &c.; bought the "Detroit Daily Advertiser," and edited it; in 1847, was in the Mexican war as lieutenant- colonel, First Michigan Volunteer Infantry; returned, July, 1848; post master at Detroit, 1848 to 1852; in mercantile business until 1861; was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, 17th May, 1861, and had charge of Camp of Instruction at Detroit until September, 1861, when he reported to General Banks; was assigned to command of division, 20th March, 1862; commanded the corps at Antietam after General Mansfield s fall; was breveted major-general in 1864; was in Sherman s campaigns to Atlanta, Savannah, and Virginia. WATCHING THE RIVER. 49 I went out to stop his noise; but without effect." "What did you say to him?" "I said, My friend, if you want corporal of the guard, post four, why don t you go after him, instead of disturbing people s sleep this way ? The colonel of the disturbing regiment stared ; but, finding the other serious, gave emphatic utterance in two words, the second of which was "fool." Such were some of the early officers. There were reviews occasionally : and, on the 26th of September, Fast Day, the whole division met for public worship, when half a dozen chaplains officiated (the chaplain of the Second preaching, by choice of the major-general) ; and Holmes s Army Hymn was sung as he never heard it. On the 27th, Captain Abbott was sent to Boston to obtain recruits, and succeeded very well : he returned the latter part of October. Here Surgeon Sargent left the regiment. Unflagging devotion to duty, night and day, for the hospital tents were filled with typhoid cases, saved lives ; but it broke his health. He left, with the regrets of all : a skilful surgeon, a generous man, of cultivated powers ; too easily affected by sympathy, though it never made his hand tremble, he was a loss. The regiment always remembered him ; and the old men of the Second were sad when he then lieutenant-colonel of cavalry fell in battle, in 1864. For a short period (Dr. Stone being at Hagerstown on hospital duty), Assistant-Surgeon William R. Bennett, of the Fifth Connecticut, was with the regiment, being assigned 4 50 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Sept. 24. He was then, and afterwards, one of the best surgeons and truest men in the army. Assist ant-Surgeon McLellan served, also, a short time, with acceptance. Soon, Francis Leland, of Milford, Mass., came out as surgeon, to be wounded at Cedar Moun tain, and, after a faithful service, to leave, from pros tration of health. On the 15th of October, Colonel Gordon issued an order regarding gambling. "A vice so pernicious in its results upon individual character," he said, " cannot be indulged in without depraving the man, and un fitting him for the discharge of the sacred duty upon which he has entered. That which is a recognized crime at home should be, to New-England men, a crime anywhere. A regiment of gamblers cannot fight like patriots. All gambling, of any kind, for money or valuables, with cards or by any other implements, is hereafter strictly prohibited in this regiment." On the 13th of October, General Banks said, "This division may be called upon to move at any time within the next twenty-four hours." It was not, how ever. On the 21st, an official wrote to the colonel, "I thought you would like to know that General Stone and his army are at Leesburg, but very slight fight ing." We should have liked to know it ; but we did not. That evening came an order to cook rations ; and, at eight o clock, another to leave tents and wagons, and " move at once, without baggage ; leave a WATCHING THE RIVER. 51 guard to come on with tents and baggage, rations, &c. Take what rations you can in haversacks." The regi ment was on the road immediately, at the head of the column. At Pools ville, met stragglers. By the road were tired soldiers, resting by fires, from whom we learned of the disaster at Ball s Bluff. At 3J, A.M, the regiment was at Conrad s Ferry ; reported to Gen eral Hamilton, and was stationed up and down the river. Across the river was the bluff, sixty feet high, where gallant men had been uselessly sacrificed ; where Colonel Baker had said, "Had I two more Massachusetts regiments, I could beat them yet." He had two splendid ones, the Fifteenth and Twentieth. From Harrison s Island the wounded were coming. Men of the Second crossed the river in skiffs, and brought back fugitives, then hiding under the bank. The next day McClellan came. On the 23d, came an order to move to Edvvards s Ferry : " The enemy threaten us in force ; send two of your regiments, especially the Second Massachusetts." So the regiment marched six miles that night ; and, the same night, marched back again. Most of the division were at Edwards s Ferry. On the 26th, the division was ordered back to Darnes- town. Major D wight led with pioneers. The Second, on that day assigned to Colonel Abercrombie s brigade, camped that night at Dawsonville ; the next, at Seneca Creek, three miles from Darnestown, for duty on the river ; and changed camp in November, in a fallacious hope of getting out of the malaria of the river. 52 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Thanksgiving Day came while there ; and Major Dwight, then in command (Colonel Gordon was absent, and Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews severely sick) , issued this order, in which, after reciting General Banks s order, he said : " Pursuant to the foregoing suggestions and authority, the usual drills will be dispensed with to-morrow ; and there will be a religious service, at ten o clock, to-morrow morning, to be followed by the usual Thanksgiving dinner. It is to be hoped that the officers and men of this regiment will unite in revi ving all the memories and associations which belong to the time-honored home-festival of New England ; and in public thanksgiving and praise for all the blessings which have followed, them since they left the homes which this festival recalls." So the company down by the river s bank was relieved by Indiana men, and came back to camp. Public wor ship was held at ten o clock ; and the Proclamation was read, ending, " God save the Commonwealth of Massa chusetts ! " And there was a dinner. Ninety-four turkeys, weighing nine hundred and seventy-three pounds ; seventy-six geese, weighing six hundred and sixty-six pounds ; seventy-three chickens, weighing one hundred and seventy-six pounds, all cooked in the stone ovens built by the men, were followed by ninety-five plum puddings, weighing eleven hundred and seventy-nine pounds; with apples, nuts, figs, and raisins. In the afternoon, there was prize-shooting, and games of ball ; and, in the evening, dancing, to the music of the band. And a mail, bringing six hun- WATCHING THE RIVER. 53 dred and two letters and nearly five hundred papers. And at taps all was quiet. Rumors of removal were welcomed. The bad air of the river was telling severely upon the health of the men. The hospital was full. Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews was seriously ill. We had changed camp, on the 12th of November, for the sake of health. When orders came to $end the sick away, by canal, march ing orders were known to be near. On the thirtieth day of November, the first party left for Alexandria. Over twenty of the Second formed part of the two hundred assembled, according to orders, before noon. The wind swept bitingly down the valley, and the sick men shivered. No boat came until near night. Some from the Second built fires under the lee of a great rock, to the injury of a growling sutler s pie-boxes ; and tea was made, and beef-tea. Just before dark, a boat came from the next lock. Put it was wet. A few cornstalks were got ; but sentries stopped that in behalf of the rebel owner, who was in prison on a charge of treason. Those were the days of love for enemies. The men were lowered into the wet boat, all huddled so closely that the last man out had barely standing room. Some died that miserable night. No Government provision was made (for nobody knew the boat was coming) at Alexandria ; but the noble Sani tary was there, its officers having been written to by the chaplain of the Second in behalf of his own men. The whole transaction was a case of the grossest mis management. An attempt was made to have it inves- 54 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. tigated ; but it was smothered. The surgeon of the Second had done his duty, however. The second party went up the river two days after Assistant-Surgeon Stone had charge ; and every thing was done perfectly. But one of the Second died next day at Frederick ; and Wisconsin men fired the volleys over his grave. It has already been said that "no regiment had warmer or kinder friends." Those friends followed it with their gifts to the field. In October, 1861, began a series of supplies which never ceased. The following note refers to a gift received that month. BOSTON, 22d October, 1861. I send you, my dear sir, one thousand pairs of socks, col lected in ten days, for your regiment, with my very best wishes for its prosperity and success ; and, with my kind regards to yourself, am, Sincerely your friend, EVANS HOUSE. E. HENDERSON OTIS. The kindness of Mrs. Otis continued. When it is remembered that this regiment was but one of the large number for which this lady devoted her time, her labor, and her means, gratitude appreciates the additional lustre given to the historic name she bears. In the same month, the following letter was re ceived : COLONEL GEORGE H. GORDON, Several ladies in Bos ton, interested, as every one is, in the comfort and welfare of our soldiers, are desirous to do something to add to the pro vision made by the Government for the Massachusetts Second WATCHING THE RIVER. 55 Regiment ; and, in order that their work and supplies may be really useful, they venture to ask Colonel Gordon to send a list of articles, constantly important to the comfort of the men, not supplied at all, or in insufficient quantities, by Govern ment, indicating what is now most imperatively needed, and at what intervals particular articles will need renewing. The more promptly this information can be given, the sooner arti cles will be forwarded. An association of ladies in Boston will be formed, by which efforts will be made to supply the Second Regiment regularly with clothing, or other things necessary for its com fort. A knowledge of their wants is necessary before any thing will be done, and therefore an immediate answer will be gladly received. Address Mrs. GEORGE H. TICKNOR, Park Street, Boston. Colonel Gordon will oblige the ladies by giving an exact address, if possible, and the safest mode of transport. Oct. 7, 1861. To that "very kind and considerate proposition," Colonel Gordon replied on the 10th, advising that their gifts should take the form of woollen undershirts, draw ers, socks, and articles of that substantial kind, rather than that of supplies of a more perishable kind, or which would only incumber a soldier. " Upon examination," said he, " of flannel undershirts furnished Government, I find them thin, flimsy things, poorly adapted to guard against inclemency of the season ; " at the same time, expressing " heartfelt gratitude for the kindness of the offer, and leaving the ladies, under the circumstances set forth, to act as in their judgment may seem wise, and intimating that, after an engagement with the 56 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. rebels, there may arise necessities not now in exist ence." The " Regimental Aid Association " (for the Second) was soon formed. It included the following ladies : Mrs. J. G. Abbott, Mrs. Jere. Abbott, Mrs. G. P. Bangs, Mrs. Joseph M. Bell, Miss Bowditch, Mrs. W. S. Bullard, Mrs. Richard Gary, Miss Gary, Mrs. James Codman, Mrs. B. R. Curtis, Mrs. C. P. Curtis, Mrs. J. F. Curtis, Miss A. Davis and Miss S. Davis, Mrs. William Dwight, Mrs. William Endicott, jun., Mrs. G. Goodwin, Mrs. William Gray, Mrs. S. E. Guild, Miss E. Q. Guild, Mrs. G. W. Holmes, Miss H. E. Hovey, Mrs. G. R. Kendall, Mrs. W. S. Lewis, Mrs. C. G. Loring, Miss I. Loring, Mrs. S. T. Morse, Miss A. Motley and Miss E. Motley, Mrs. E. R. Mudge and Miss Mudge, Mrs. F. Parkman, Mrs. S. Parkman, Miss E. T. Parker, Miss A. Patterson, Mrs. Edward 1ST. Perkins, Mrs. George H. Peters, Mrs. J. E. Pratt, Mrs. A. S. Putnam, Mrs. J. Quincy, Miss Sarah Read, Mrs. William Robeson, Mrs. W. B. Rogers, Mrs. C. F. Shimmin, Mrs. W. H. Swift, Mrs. Tick- nor and Miss Ticknor, Miss S. E. Thacher, Mrs. Nat. Thayer, Mrs. P. R. Walbach, Mrs. Charles E. Ware, Mrs. J. S. Warren, Mrs. W. F. Whitney, Miss M. Wigglesworth and Miss A. Wigglesworth, Mrs. Elijah Williams, Miss S. D. Williams. From this association, box after box continued to come. Many of the soldiers of the Second, in the picket or guard duty of the winters, were warmer for the kind gifts of those ladies. "I enclose a list," wrote WATCHING THE KIVEK. 57 the secretary, in February, 1862, "of the members of the association whose liberality and energy have provided these comforts, wishing the men to know that I am only an agent of many of their friends. . . . We take much pride in the reputation of the regiment, and feel how trying this long inaction is to both officers and men in this inclement season, since in our quiet homes we find it so difficult to wait." That list is inserted, that the soldiers of the Second may know to whose kindness they were, indebted. That a more particular account of their donations is not inserted is due to the delicacy which requested it. Other friends were ready to help. The chaplain was requested by friends at home to make known any wants he might find. Earely was he without the means, while in Virginia or Maryland, to assist the sur geons in procuring food for the hospital, when such food could be found ; and many were the gifts which came from various sources. Some companies had special friends. The men of D experienced particular kindness from the parish of Rev. J. F. Clarke, of Boston; E, from the people of Medway. But worthy of particular mention was the " Soldiers Aid Association," of Lowell, the home of Company A. This was one of the two earliest, if not the earli est organization of the kind in the country. It was formed, with a large subscription fund, immediately after the fall of Sumter, with a view of supplying every soldier from Lowell with all that was needed for his comfort, efficiency, and health. Their work was excel- 58 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. lently done ; especially valuable in the days when the supply departments of the Government had not expand ed to the needs of a vast and suddenly raised army. Of this association, Judge Crosby was the president. Company A shared in its bounty. "As Chairman of the Committee on Correspondence and Forwarding, for nearly two years," says Mr. William G. Wise, "I was in communication with Captain Abbott, of Company A, of your regiment, and can truly say that no officer with whom I corresponded evinced so deep solicitude for the comfort and welfare of his men, and so intelligently anticipated their wants. 1 A few days before Cap tain Abbott was killed, I received a letter from him, stating his need of fifteen men to recruit his company. With the aid of the mayor and other gentlemen, we procured the men, who left Lowell to join Company A the day he was shot." It was through Mr. Wise s effi ciency that Company A was the first company in the army to sign an official "allotment " roll. He went to Washington, found that no rolls had been printed, although a form was in type ; prevailed on a staff officer to cut red tape, and give him an order on the public printer to print a few copies ; took those copies to Poolsville, in company with Mr. Coffin (Carleton) ; followed on to Harrison s Landing, and started the roll in Company A, left in charge of Lieutenant Francis, "who faithfully attended to it." The money allotted 1 It ought to be mentioned, for few knew it, that officers of the Second repeatedly paid, from their own pockets, for supplies for their men when not furnished by Government. WATCHING THE RIVER. 59 was made payable to G. W. Stickney, Esq., President of the Kailroad Bank, Lowell. 1 Mr. Wise afterwards entered the army himself. 1 The former chaplain may be pardoned for stating the fact, that his memoranda show an account rising one hundred thousand dollars which passed through his hands, as sent home by express; for each individual package of which he took the receipt of the express company. He would be ashamed to say that his agency did not cost a soldier a single cent, were it not that a percentage was demanded and paid for such service in some regiments. Of this amount, only one package, of forty dollars, failed to reach its destination ; which the express company immediately made good. Henry A. Rice, Esq. (Denny, Rice, & Co.), of Boston, kindly deposited in savings banks all moneys sent him for that purpose, and preserved the bank-books until called for. 60 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. V. THE FIRST WINTER. ON the 4th of December, 1861, the brigade started for Frederick. The first night, a cold one, at Barnes- ville. At dawn, just as old Sugar-Loaf was showing himself, the regiment went down into the mists around his base. A brisk march brought the regiment to near Frederick, to wait three hours and a half in a bleak wind, until the responsible officer could be discovered, in front of a nice coal fire in his chamber at a Frederick hotel, to tell where to camp. Then, after retracing steps for a mile or two, pitched tents by the Monocacy, at the Junction. The next day, crossed on a light bridge ; marched four or five miles ; stacked arms in a pleasant wood, four miles east of Frederick by the Baltimore pike, and stayed there three months. Winter-quarters were not allowed ; but eventually the men were permitted to make themselves comfort able, though under canvas the whole winter. 1 The 1 As a matter of interest, the savings of flour by the regiment, in three months, are given: October, 38 bbls., 139 Ibs. ; November, 34 bbls., 174 Ibs.; December, 23 bbls., 173 Ibs. Different rations these from the seven hard bread per day of 1864-5. THE FIRST WINTER. 61 magnificent Sanitary Commission met the wants of the hospital. On the 6th, an order of General Abercrom- bie established the title of " Camp Hicks." The Second was on the west ; then the 16th Indiana, the 30th Pennsylvania, and the 12th Massachusetts. The 12th Indiana was substituted for the 30th Pennsylvania. Of the four regimental commanders, Lucas, of the 12th Indiana, Hackleman, of the 16th Indiana, and Webster, of the 12th Massachusetts, have fallen in battle. The 3d Wisconsin was doing provost-duty in Frederick. A brigade was three or four miles south of General Aber- crombie s, and other troops several miles west of Frederick. All winter the usual routine went on, guard-duty, parade, drill, recitations. These were varied by visits, to Frederick, of officers and men in turn. Invitations there ; concerts by the bands of the Second and Twelfth ; receptions by General Banks, and some hospitalities by the people. An army lodge of Freema sons, located in the regiment, also helped those inclined that way. 1 * It was at this camp, that an officer, in great wrath, called up a sergeant, and inquired, " Why didn t you do what I ordered, about, &c., &c. ?" "Had no orders, 1 This lodge, "Bunker-Hill Army Lodge, No. 5," worked under a dis pensation signed by William J. Coolidge, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. Its first officers were George H. Gordon (colonel), Master; Alonzo H. Quint (chaplain), Senior Warden; Wilder D wight (major), Junior Warden; Francis Leland (surgeon), Treasurer; Edward G. Abbott (captain), Secretary; Adin B. Underwood (captain), Senior Deacon; Anson D. Sawyer (lieutenant), Junior Deacon; Francis H. Tucker (captain), Tyler. Of these, Major D wight was killed at Antietam; Surgeon Leland, 62 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. sir." "Why, didn t I send you a written order, such a day ? " " Oh ! was that an order ? I thought it was a standing pass to go to Frederick ; and and I have been in three times on that paper." The captain (he has earned high rank since) concluded, that, if the sentries could not read the paper, it was hardly worth while to blame anybody. It was here or was it at Seneca? where, in obedience to orders from Washing ton that company-commanders read certain articles of war every Sunday morning, one of them, he was a thorough soldier too, after the reading, said, " Now, men, these are articles of war, and ought to be obeyed. Now, there is one of them too much violated. It is that against profane swearing. There is too much of it in this company, from the commander (I own it) down. Now, it has got to be stopped. When I say a thing, you know it has got to be done. And I say this shall be obeyed, and I ll be d d if it shan t ! " A gentle smile in the line brought him to remembrance ; and, " Sergeant, march in the company ! " was the order of the discomfited captain, who was never discomfited in action. wounded at Cedar Mountain; Captain Abbott, killed at Cedar Mountain; Captain Underwood, maimed at Wauhatchie. Of others connected with this lodge, Mudge fell at Gettysburg; Surgeon Heath died from excessive toil in front of Atlanta; Major Francis, Captain George, Captain Parker, and Captain Sawyer, all w.ere wounded. This lodge was a centre of interest at that camp, and in Tennessee. St. John s Day, in December, lS&l r it took part in a celebration at Freder ick, when a great number of Masons participated; and where an address was given in the Lutheran Church, by the chaplain of the Second Massa chusetts, on " Masonry and the State." THE FIEST WINTER. 63 Here, too, were religious observances. A good Catholic priest came, and had all needed help, tent, &c. , to minister to the two hundred men of his per suasion, while the usual services went on in harmony. A good library, too, the gift of some unknown friend, was of great use all winter. There was intemperance sometimes. Frederick was filled with liquor shops. General Banks issued an or der, on the 10th of February, about " the alarming in crease of intemperance," and how " ill-disposed persons " were selling liquor "to the detriment and discredit of the service, the injury of the men, and the danger of the public ; " and he declared it the " duty of every officer in this command at once to take the most effective meas ures to suppress this evil." Provosts were to shut up certain places, and make arrests. Colonel Gordon did take effective measures ; so effective, that the liquor- selling Dutchman just across the road came over one day in wrath: "Your officer come to my house, and did speel all my leetel beer." "Served you right ," was the reply. And he was provided forthwith with a barrel overcoat, and marched round to the tune of the "Kogue s March." There was some chagrin at idleness. The men shouted over the victories at Henry and Donelson, and the sturdy Indianians echoed the cheers until the in fection was universal. But nothing was done, save that fifteen men (the quota of the Second) were sent, out of scores of old sailors volunteering, to man the gunboats on the Mississippi. Captain Cary commanded the de- 64 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. tachment, which left on the 16th of February. The men never came back. Several new officers came at this camp. The first break in the list of officers which left Camp Andrew had occurred on the 16th of September. Lieutenant Sedgwick, then Division ordnance officer, was appointed assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of captain, and assigned to duty on the staff of General Sedgwick. He was still serving with that gallant offi cer when he fell at Antietam. In October, Captain Curtis and Lieutenant Higgin- son left the regiment. The former was appointed lieutenant-colonel, the latter a captain, in the First Massachusetts Cavalry. In December, Lieutenant Mot ley was appointed captain in the same regiment. In November, Lieutenant Ellis, who had been de tailed on the 8th of September to the commissary department of the brigade, was appointed commissary of subsistence, with the rank of captain. He served for a long time on the staff of General HartsufF, where he attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Lieutenant Copeland, then an aid to General Banks, was appointed assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of major, on the 27th of November. In December, Captain Tucker resigned. He after wards entered the civil service in the West. Lieuten ant Hill also resigned. He subsequently re-entered the service, and fell in battle, Dec. 9, 1864, while first lieutenant in the Fifty-fifth Massachusetts. These various vacancies caused promotions, and also THE FIKST WINTER. 65 the appointment of second lieutenants. From civil life almost the last selections outside the ranks were taken J. Ingersoll Grafton, who was to fall, after gal lant and meritorious service, at Averysborough ; Eugene E. Shelton, by and by a staff officer, and to be wound ed ; Daniel Oakey, afterwards wounded ; John A. Fox (faithful and true) , adjutant, in every action from Chan- cellorsville to the end of the war ; Henry B. Scott, afterwards assistant adjutant-general, wounded at Chan- cellorsville, and major in the Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry; Francis TV r . Crowninshield, who, four times wounded, was to come home senior captain in 1865 ; and then to die. Everett "YY. Pattison, first sergeant of Company I, was promoted to be second lieutenant, for general meritorious conduct ; as well as Quartermas ter-sergeant George F. Browning, who was speedily disabled in battle, and found a place in the Invalid Corps. There were rumors of war occasionally. On the 5th of January, 1862, orders came to the whole force to be ready to march. There were troubles up near Hancock. The Third Brigade went off ; but, with the Second, there resulted only an accumulation of cold victuals. On the 20th we were to be "ready to march in one hour s notice ; " " the enemy is in force on the upper Potomac." But the principal business still continued to be, preserving the secessionists wood- lots, according to orders. But that winter was exceedingly valuable, not only in the renovation of health impaired in the Potomac 5 66 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. malaria, but in the steady acquiring of knowledge by the officers in study, (both by old officers and in the " infant department ! ") and the thorough drill in which all became experienced. The result was, that, when the Second took the field in the spring, it was thoroughly prepared for Winchester, Cedar Mountain, and Antietam, all of which were to come that year. This inaction, every one knew, could not continue. So the day after Washington s birthday, celebrated by a great review in Frederick, and a prayer which was an insult to the army and the country, there came orders : Be ready at " one hour s notice, with three days cooked rations," and " cartridge-boxes filled." The wag ons went off immediately, and the victuals were eaten. "The artillery, pontoons, and the Second Brigade," said the brigadier, " have all left ; in all probability, we will leave this evening." But "we" did not. It proved that the pontoons, floated by canal from Washington, were too wide for the canal-locks at Harper s Ferry, and could not get into the river. But on the 27th, in the mist of morning, Camp Hicks was abandoned, to become a settled village. THE SPEING CAMPAIGN. 67 VI. THE SPRING CAMPAIGN. ON the morning of the 27th of February, 1862, at four o clock, the regiment passed, for the last time, through the quagmire which separated camp and road, and marched into Frederick. Then, railway cars ; at evening, at Sandy Hook ; over the pontoon bridge ; and a night in the emptied houses of Harper s Ferry, where the regiment was quartered in the abandoned houses on Shenandoah Street, and the field and staff took turns at supper in using the solitary fork and single spoon. Company F was put on provost duty, and Lieutenant-Colonel Andre ws was made provost- marshal. And the spring campaign was begun. A reconnoissance was ordered towards Charlestown the next day. The Second, the 3d Wisconsin, five squadrons of Michigan cavalry, and two sections of artil lery, were put on the road, under command of Colonel Gordon. The cavalry, with Colonel Gordon at the head, drove in the rebel videttes, and dashed into Charlestown at full speed. The regiment entered to the music of " John Brown s body." Captain Best posted his battery (a good soldier was Captain Best) , and the 68 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. infantry was stationed ; chicken-feathers filled the air ; and suddenly General MCLELLAN appeared, and turned the reconnoissance into an occupation. It was the first sight of that general ; and, as his glance took in the line drawn up to receive him, he won their hearts. The Court-house was tenanted by companies of the Second. It was a strange event, when, on the follow ing sabbath, the Second worshipped God in the Court house where John Brown was sentenced, and its chap lain occupied the very chair in which the judge had sat in that memorable trial. Massachusetts ideas were on their successful march. On the 5th of March, the remainder of General Banks s force having arrived, the Second went into camp, unluckily, in the grounds of a " Union " family who could not endure the vicinity of "Union" troops, and had to move next day a mile out of Charlestown. On the 7th of March, news came that Colonel Mauls- by s Maryland Regiment had been " cut to pieces " at Cabletown. So Colonel Gordon was sent out with the Second, the Sixteenth Indiana, two squadrons of caval ry, and two sections of artillery : " Let not a moment be lost." Not a moment was lost, to find that nobody had seen any enemy, to kindle huge fires, and come back in the morning. Winchester was the object aimed at. We had troops at Charlestown; a brigade at Smithfield; and, further west, Shields s division (formerly the lamented Lan der s) ; and, at Leesburg, Colonel Geary. On the 9th, General Abercrombie was told : " Information has been THE SPRING CAMPAIGN. 69 received that the enemy has abandoned the batteries on the lower Potomac, and is preparing to abandon Ma- nassas. You are therefore ordered, pursuant to directions received from Washington, to put your command in con dition to move at seven A.M., to-morrow." It was done, three days cooked rations in haversacks. General Gorman moved first towards Berry ville, but sent back for re-enforcements. So our brigade (General Aber- crombie s) hastened on, and reached Berry ville about sundown. The only action which had taken place was with- a battery of the enemy, which a few shots sent off in a hurry. The battery subsequently proved to have been a threshing-machine, worked by three laborers, and superintended by a farmer on horseback. That night was a bivouac, with a savagely cold storm to usher in a cold night. But the sun rose warm, and wagons came on, and tents were pitched for one night. The next day, " the rebel Jackson had marched to the rear of our force at Winchester, and captured seven thousand men, the fight still going on." Cheers followed the order to "fall in." In twenty-five minutes the regiment was in the road. Mile after mile was hurried over. Massachusetts men passed others in camp, and cheered tremendously. "I wish I was in Dixie," enlivened the road. But at midnight, "The messenger did it for a joke ; " and bivouac again. At noon, camped a few rods off, a couple of miles from Winchester. Jackson had deliberately evacuated Winchester, carrying off all his stores, such private property as he 70 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. pleased, and left the naked defences. We had kindly waited a fortnight to let him do it. There the Second remained ten days. A re-arrange ment of regiments was made, on the 10th of March. First brigade, General Williams : 28th New York, 28th Pennsylvania, 1st Maryland, and 5th Connecticut. Second brigade, General Abercrombie : 9th New- York State Militia, 13th Massachusetts, 12th Massachusetts, and 16th Indiana. Third brigade, Colonel Gordon : 2d Massachusetts, 29th Pennsylvania, 3d Wisconsin, and 27th Indiana. Here and then the Second became asso ciated with that gallant Third Wisconsin with whom it stood side by side in sworn brotherhood for three years ; and with the Twenty-seventh Indiana, hardly less to be tried, and found true. Here, too, General Banks formally assumed com mand (on the 26th of March) of the "Fifth Corps," comprising two divisions, his own, now under Briga dier-General A. S. Williams ; and another, under Brigadier-General Shields. Troops were to be sent into Eastern Virginia. So, on the 20th, orders came for three days march : the first day, to Snicker s Ferry; the second, to Goose Creek ; the third, to Gum Spring. The Second moved on the 22d, and reached Snicker s Ferry ; but Gum Spring was not to be seen for near two years. General Abercrombie s brigade had crossed at Snicker s Ferry when the pontoons broke down. It took all day to mend them, and the brigade camped. That broken bridge changed the destiny of the Second. THE SPUING CAMPAIGN. 71 While waiting, Lieutenant-Colonel Crane, of the Third Wisconsin, sent a despatch regarding the wagon- train which was coming up in his charge, and added, " We have heard cannon at intervals, hear them now ; they seem to be south-west." The cannon were at Kernstown, near Winchester. On the morning of the 24th : " Colonel, you will proceed at once to Berry ville ; and if, on your arrival there, you hear the sound of large guns, giving an indication of an action in prog ress, you will push on by a forced march to Winches ter." By and by : "Major General Banks . . . directs, that the brigade at Berryville under command of Colonel Gordon be ordered immediately to Winches ter." Soon : " Send back the ordnance train with all possible despatch." Again: " Send forward [to Win chester] your battery with all possible despatch." The Second, after a fifteen-mile march, entered Winchester, and were quartered in the railway buildings : " The gen eral is pleased with your speed." Jackson, who after his evacuation of Winchester had kept within a moderate distance of that place, had been misled by rebel women of Winchester into believing that the force which he knew to be moving to Snicker s Ferry comprised all but a provost guard; while a whole division really lay behind the hills. So, returning to occupy Winchester, some cavalry drove in the pickets on the 22d : it was supposed to be nothing more than Ashby s lively troops, with a couple of guns. General Shields (commanding in absence of General Banks) got his arm broken by a shell ; and Colonel Kimball, of 72 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Indiana, took command. Desultory fighting took place all Sunday, until in the afternoon it was found that Jackson s whole force was present, and- our whole strength was sent out. The enemy was handsomely whipped, but was far from being routed, although compelled to leave the wounded along the road, and losing two pieces of artillery. 1 But Jackson had accomplished his object ; which was to keep the forces still in the valley, and thus prevent them from strengthening McDowell for the movement expected towards Richmond. There was but one man of the Second in this affair. It was private Alexander, who had just arrived at Win chester (where our Company Gr was on provost duty) from a Southern prison. He borrowed a musket, went out, and fought where he saw a chance. The Court-house, hotel, and the other buildings, were filled with wounded, rebel and loyal alike. They were treated alike ; but the rebel women of Winchester showed their usual devilish spirit. One confederate soldier was asked, "Do you have kind treatment?" " Yes," he answered, as if wondering at it. "Why, didn t you expect it ? " - " No, I thought you would kill us." " What made you think so ? " " We were told so." One poor fellow of sixteen years, whose mother 1 Esten Cooke, of Stuart s staff, in his life of "Stonewall Jackson," says that the Union force was 11,000: it was less than 7,000 by official record. He says that the rebel infantry force engaged was 2,742 ; but prisoners were taken from eleven regiments of their infantry. He says that the Union killed was admitted to be 418 : it was officially reported at 103. He says that the rebel killed were 80 ; but they left 270 dead, found upon the field. THE SPKING CAMPAIGN. 73 had made him volunteer, wanted to take the oath of allegiance. "I should die easier," he said, "if I did." The oath was administered, and he felt happier. The next evening, the regiment started after Jack son, the band leading off with "I wish I was in Dixie." It was a cold night ; bivouac by the road side about one o clock, five miles above Strasburg, when fences suffered ; in the morning, forded Cedar Creek, a rapid and beautiful stream, where a fine bridge had just been destroyed : halted in a rough pine wood, just north of Strasburg ; were sent on by a " scare " next day to four or five miles below Strasburg ; and there camp and park trains in rear of General Sullivan s line, "having reference to the defensibility of the place chosen for encampment and concealment from the enemy." March 31 : "Messengers on outposts," said General Sullivan, "report the enemy advancing." April 1: orders to move without tents or baggage, the whole corps. Jackson s headquarters were then at Mount Jackson, seven or eight miles off. Colonel Gordon s brigade led, and the Second was in the advance. Two miles on, rebels and guns were in sight. A few shots from Cothran s fine New-York battery sent them off. Then, skirmishers and flankers out, pressed on steadily. The rebel rear-guard, with two pieces of artillery, stop at suitable points. Then the steadiness of the Second tells ; and the rebels, as we learned in a village, swore savagely about " them long-range Yankee rifles." At Woodstock, their shot whizzed 74 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. suddenly. Colonel Gordon has his guns in position instantly, and the rebels fly. At the "Narrow Pass," the bridge is on fire : quick hands of the Second extin guish the flames, while Cothran s shots and the enemy s are lively overhead. At Edenburg, the bridge is past hope ; but the struggle is for the place where it had been. The guns dash through fences, over ditches, up a height ; the Second presses on at double-quick ; and , after a few minutes, the point is gained. Camp is ordered. On that day the Second had its first man wounded, Bonney, of Company I. The next day, Pennsylvania men rebuild the bridge. Pleasant weath er turned to rain, a cold, dismal rain. The forlorn horses droop their heads. Pet dogs keep inside. Logs support a doubtful fire in front of the open tents. Dripping individuals solemnly chop wood. Dismal sentinels pace steadily. Off on picket is a shelterless company. Wet soaks up inside the tents. The only comfort is that the enemy, in sight on the opposite ridge, are just as wet. "Hard business, sir, this soldiering," says John to the major. "Yes, John." "It s aisy for them as sits at home with their good fires to read of this victory and that, but it s hard for them as has to do it, sir." "Yes, John." "It would do them good to come out here, and try to warm themselves by a hole in the ground, sir." "Yes, John." There was delay, at Edenburg, to get provisions and shoes ; but on the 17th of April in motion again. General Shields had moved in the night. At four, the THE SPRING CAMPAIGN. 75 Second moved. Crossed the creek in the dense fog ; and, as the sun came out, saw the mountain ranges on either side, the undulating lands, wooded or in cultiva tion, the green winter- wheat and hyacinths by the roadsides, heard the robins and swallows, and the artil lery with which Shields was waking up the enemy on ahead. Found every bridge burning, but was little delayed ; and reached Mount Jackson where the rebels had built fine hospitals, and buried scores of sol diers to find the railway depot still in flames. After some hours waiting, General Shields is to advance on the main road, and Colonel Gordon s brigade, with some regiments of Donelly s, to make a flank movement to the right, on a dirt road; crossed a wadable stream, and came opposite Rood s Hill, which the rebels speedily left. Passed through Forest- ville, so called because barren of trees ; crossed another stream ; ascended and descended ledges ; waited for artillery stuck fast ; and at half-past eight turned into a wood, and cooked and slept. The knowledge of some of these people was remarka ble. At Forestville, a group were astonished at the instruments of the band. "What is that?" inquired an alarmed woman, in respect to the largest instrument. " That, ma am, is the bell-teezer, a new instrument for throwing grape, and terribly destructive at short distan ces." Nobody ventured near the terrible weapon. The next morning, forded the north fork of the Shenandoah. The water was high, and the current very rapid. Men and horses went down. It took ten 76 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. horses to get one caisson across the river. Passing through Newmarket, to camp two miles south, the loyal population was out in joy, but it was black. Here came a message : To MAJOR GENERAL BANKS : To you and the forces un der your command, this Department returns thanks for the brilliant and successful operations of this day. EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. That was for driving Jackson up the valley. That camp was mud. Rails and straw made a little shelter, the wagons being left a few miles behind for days. Rain was incessant, and cold severe. The men christened it " Camp Misery," and officers and men fared alike. Only one pair of boots seemed water-proof: they were the major s, who found they had been moved in the night into position to catch water ; and they were two-thirds full, without a sign of a leak. On the 21st : "Ready to march at ten, A.M., to-mor row." To-morrow came, but no march. On the 22d, the General said," It has been represented, that, in many cases, men reported absent, sick, are in reality detained, performing various duties at the hospital to which they have been sent, without detail from competent author ity, long after recovery." That was true enough, but General Banks could not help himself, although he sent officers after them. On the 25th, moved on to near Harrisonburg, a raw day ; but, for a wonder, it did not rain. Camped. On the 27th, ordered out on, a "dirt road" of a very mean kind, and very mean of its kind. Jackson was THE SPRING CAMPAIGN. 77 " within three miles : " but we went on eleven miles with the ^Twenty-seventh Indiana, and somebody s battery, and somebody s cavalry, and discovered nobody but Colonel Donelly, who was camped out there ; and came back again, making twenty miles of useful service that Sunday. Jackson was on the other side of the middle Shenandoah, at the end of a bridge piled with combus tibles. Somebody got over there afterwards, decidedly to his discomfort. Cut down baggage again, also the number of wagons. On the evening of the 4th of May, struck tents, and moved a mile towards Harrisonburg, to sleep in a field ; which was accomplished with a view to take a fair start in the morning. The next morning, started for Strasburg ; stopping, after eighteen miles of march, at Newmarket that evening, and going into camp, to be roused up and move at midnight across the Massanutten range to help General Sullivan, whom the signal-lights on the hills said was threatened (at Columbia Bridge) by twelve thousand men. Found troops and fires lining the splendid road up the hill; magnificent scenery at sunrise, when the top was reached ; pleasant information, at the other base, that General Sullivan was surprised to find us there, as he had seen no enemy; and bivouacked two nights near Berner s Mills. Climbed the hill back again, with wild cherry in blossom, red- bud, columbine, iris, wood-violets, and the genuine New-England Mayflower, and the woods on fire, and got back to camp, where " Colonel Ticehurst " had had dress-parade. 78 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. On the 10th of May, tents were struck, to be ready to have a couple of shelterless nights, with the wagons half a mile off: on the 12th, made fourteen miles northward, and had piles of leaves for beds : on the 13th, to Strasburg, the dirtiest, meanest town of all the dirty, shiftless villages of the valley. At Strasburg, the newspapers were read. Learned that the corps was at Stanton, aiming for Eichmond ; also, that Jackson had evacuated the valley. All true, except that we had fallen back to Strasburg, and that Jackson was still on hand with twelve thousand men. Here fortifications were building ; first-rate, only un fortunately commanded by higher ground. General Shields s division was detached, and crossed over into Eastern Virginia. It was a surprise to everybody, this retrograde movement. It was supposed that Banks and Fremont were to unite farther up the valley, and put an end to Jackson s operations, which was perfectly feasible. But, at Harrisonburg, peremptory orders came to fall back to Strasburg, fortify and hold that place. It was one of the "gates of Washington." They had not then learned . that the place to defend Washington was in front of Eichmond. But, to the chagrin of every body, the summer was to be passed at Strasburg. "It is hard," said the commander to a friend, regard ing the complete overthrow of the intended campaign, " to be the only man in the division that must not com plain." He did not complain. His admirable patience was exemplified then as since, when he endured misrep- THE SPKING CAMPAIGN. 79 reservation in silence lest the service should suffer. No truer patriot than N. P. Banks has taken part in this war ; nor any man who had wiser foresight, from the time when he said to the President, on the first call for seventy-five thousand men, " President, call out a million ! " But we were to stay at Strasburg. 80 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. VII. BANKS S RETREAT. THE War Department said that General Banks was to remain at Strasburg during the summer. But Jackson had a habit of overruling the decisions of the War Department. General Banks did the best that could be done with his inadequate force. He had but one division, that of General A. S. Williams, including two brigades, under Colonels Gordon and Donelly. He set to work to finish the fortifications, keeping most of his troops at Strasburg. He stationed the First Maryland (Colonel Kenly), a suitable proportion of cavalry, and a few guns, at Front Royal, ten miles off, which was the head of the eastern sub-valley, as Strasburg was of the western, the two into which the Massanutten range divided, for fifty miles, the Shenandoah Valley. The Manassas railway was speedily opened to Strasburg ; and Kenly guarded it at his station, at the same time doing outpost duty. Vigilant picket service was kept up, and daily reconnoissances were made from Stras burg, often twelve miles out. But the force had been fatally weakened by the removal of Shields s Division. BA2s T KS S RETREAT. 81 Despatches to Washington, representing the danger, met with no good result. At last, a special messenger was sent. "Jackson has returned into the valley," General Banks telegraphed to him on the 21st of May : " this is confirmed by information from different sour ces." "Jackson is about eight miles from Harrison- burg ; Ewell, still at Swift-Run Gap," said the General. But the messenger met with rebuff, almost contemptu ous rebuff. The responsible official at Washington did "not believe that Jackson was at all to be dreaded." Continued effort induced a promise to forward General Cooper s Brigade from Baltimore. But the promise was too late. On the afternoon of the 23d of May, information came to Strasburg, that an overwhelming force of the enemy had attacked and was driving Kenly. It was Swell s, which had made forced marches northward on the eastern side of Massanutten. Colonel Kenly had eight companies of the 1st Maryland, two of the 29th Pennsylvania, two of the Ira Harris Cavalry, two pieces of Captain Knipe s Battery, and Captain Mapes s pioneer corps of fifty- six men. With this force, it afterwards appeared, he had kept up for some hours an intermittent struggle, the enemy moving cautiously, but steadily ; and Kenly endeavoring to save his command, retreating gradually to meet the hoped-for re-enforcements. But, in the afternoon, his little force was flanked on either side ; Colonel Kenly was wounded, and his command routed. 6 82 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Upon receiving tidings of the disaster, but while ignorant of its completeness, General Banks sent out the Third Wisconsin (Colonel Ruger), some cavalry, and a section of artillery. But, between eight and nine o clock, orders were sent to Colonel Ruger " to halt ; if beyond Buckton, to fall back, if necessary, to a position where he would not run any risk of being cut off." Fugitives in the evening had brought tidings of Kenly s utter rout, and information that the enemy were moving towards Winchester, which was eighteen miles north of Strasburg and on the direct road to the Potomac. In the night, therefore, the wagons were loaded, and the men put under arms ; while experienced officers explored the roads leading from Front Royal to Win chester. These parties found that the enemy held each road, and was evidently hastening to Winchester to cut off and capture the whole force. The trains, about three, A.M., were started to the rear. But in the morn ing : " Information received this morning," said an order, " shows that the enemy returned to Front Royal last night, and will not, now at least, attempt our rear. Our force will remain in Strasburg, therefore, till fur ther orders. . . . The Secretary and Assistant-Secre tary of War both telegraph that ample re-enforcements will be sent." Possibly the promised re-enforcements are referred to in the despatch of the President, of that date, to General McDowell, who was then opposite Fredericksburg : " General Fremont has been ordered by telegraph to move from Franklin on Harrisonburg, to relieve General Banks. . . . You are instructed, lay- BANKS S RETREAT. 83 ing aside for the present the movement on Richmond, to put twenty thousand men in motion at once for the Shenandoah, moving on the line, or in advance of the line, of the Manassas-Gap railroad." To which, Gene ral McDowell, while obeying, replied, "I am entirely beyond helping distance of General Banks. ... It will take a week or ten days to get to the valley." Hardly had General Banks s order to remain been received at brigade headquarters, and before General McDowell could have started on his ten days move ment, when another order followed, "to move at once towards Middletown, taking such steps to oppose the enemy (reported to be on the road between Front Royal and Middletown) as to General Williams may seem proper .... Cothran s Battery is on the hill behind us, awaiting your orders. " The re-enforcements to Kenly had been recalled; the advance-guard (southward) called in ; and about ten o clock, A.M., May 24, the column was on the road, endeavoring to reach Win chester before the enemy, who was on the road from Front Royal to that place. Colonel Donelly s Brigade followed the wagons, which had a strong guard : Colonel Gordon s was next ; and General Hatch, with most of the cavalry and six pieces of artillery, was to protect the rear, and destroy prop erty which could not be brought off. The wagon-train was miles in length ; and hundreds of disabled men left behind by Shields s Division, encumbered the road. The column, excepting the rear-guard, had passed Cedar Creek, when the enemy attacked the train, then 84 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. mainly in front, and held the road to Middletown. The troops then hastened forward, and Colonel Donelly attacked the enemy, who were in strong force, and gal lantly drove them two miles from the road. The troops passed much of the train, the danger appearing to be in front. General Hatch was at its rear. About a mile and a half above Newtown, report came that the enemy had cut the train in the rear. General Hatch found it impossible to pass through, and was temporarily separated from the column. Colonel Gordon went back with the Second Massachusetts (with that, the 27th Indiana, 28th New York, and a section of Best s Battery) to relieve the train. The 27th Indiana was already in line when he reached Newtown. The 28th New York was halted in reserve. Colonel Gordon, commanding the brigade, ordered Lieutenant- Colonel Andrews, commanding the Second, to "ad vance, take the town, and hold it until further orders." "The enemy," says the rebel officer Cooke, "turned sav agely." Colonel Andrews advanced, with a section of Best s Battery also ; Companies A (Captain Abbott) and C (Captain Cogswell) being deployed as skir mishers. The enemy s artillery was posted in front, in the main street, and threw shot along its length. The enemy were speedily driven out of town, and took position on the heights beyond. The colors were dis played from the highest house, as a signal to Hatch. Four guns from Best s and Cothran s batteries were immediately posted, and "opened a furious fire upon the Confederate batteries." " Jackson hastened to the BOAJHEEFJ. (E[ffi<E D.. ARDHIEEWS, BANKS S RETREAT. 85 front," but the loyal force "continued to check his fur ther advance until dark." 1 Jackson was * profoundly enraged." The disabled wagons, about fifty in number, could not be brought off for want of horses ; and, by order of Colonel Gordon after sending in vain for horses, they were burned. It was twilight when he ordered his force on again. Companies A and C were in the rear, and the men of B were flankers. A little distance beyond the burning wagons, the enemy s cavalry appeared. Part of A was placed on the left of the soad ; part of C on the right ; and platoons from the two, under Lieutenant Grafton, in the road. Jackson was with his cavalry. " Charge them ! charge them ! " said he. They advanced ; but, when within fifty or sixty yards, the men of the three companies poured in their fire, and the rebels turned and fled. " Cowards ! " could be heard shouted. " Shameful ! " said Jackson. 2 A little farther on, at Barton s Mills, Company I re lieved A and C, that they might take their knapsacks, left there before returning to Newtown. Again the cavalry came on : Company I opened fire : again the 1 Rev. Professor Dabney, in his Life of Jackson, says : " Upon approach ing Newtown, the General was disappointed to find his artillery arrested . . . The enemy . . . showed a determined front. ... It was sunset be-,, fore they were dislodged, and the pursuit resumed." Between these two biographers of Jackson is this difference : Cooke gives as fair a story as possible, considering his exalted views of South ern men ; nor does he exhibit an ugly spirit. Dabney is perfectly malig nant; and, apparently from principle, never tells the truth if he can avoid it. 2 Dabney. 86 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. cavalry fled. " So severe a fire," says Dabney, " that the cavalry advance retired precipitately out of it, carrying the General and his attendants along with them, and riding down several cannoneers who had been brought up to their support." Then the enemy s infantry appeared. "Three regiments of the Stone wall Brigade," says Cooke, "were thrown forward," who "attacked with great gallantry ; and heavy firing ensued." " So pertinacious was the stand of the Federalists here," says Dabney, "the 27th, 2d, and 5th Virginia regi ments were brought up ; and the affair grew to the dimensions of a night combat before they gave way." It was a combat between three regiments of the famous Stonewall Brigade, and Company I, with D as flankers, re-enforced on the sides of the road by Companies B and C, the whole under Major D wight of the Second Massachusetts. The regiment accomplished the object of the halt, and moved on. . Near Kernstown, a halt was ordered for rest, and to arrange to send on the wounded. Ambulances were sent for, but did not appear ; and the wounded were put into a house. Half an hour passed : again the enemy crept up in the darkness, and opened fire, which was promptly returned. But the cavalry, which had joined, stampeded. The macadamized road brought the regi ment into relief, while the enemy were hidden in the fields. The order was given to move on ; and the enemy did not immediately follow. Surgeon Leland, with the wounded men in the house, fell into the hands of the enemy. 87 At two o clock, A.M., the regiment reached the vicini ty of Winchester, and lay down to rest. But Com pany C, as was a company from each regiment, was sent out on outpost duty, and were skirmishing steadily. They maintained their position with difficulty, but suc cessfully. Early in the morning, Colonels Gordon and Donelly placed their brigades in position. On the right of the road, looking southward, was Colonel Gordon, the Second on the right, then the 3d Wisconsin, the 27th Indiana, and the 29th Pennsylvania. Battery M, First New- York Artillery (Lieutenant Peabody) , consisting of six six-pound Parrotts, was posted on the ridge. In front of the line was a gulley, running at an angle with the road; and beyond, another height. Colonel Donelly posted his few regiments on the left of the road. At five, A.M., the skirmishers were driven in by the Stonewall Brigade, under General Winder, making " a sharp and resolute resistance, firing heavy vol leys." Colonel Gordon immediately directed his bat tery to open fire on the columns of the enemy moving into position. " To dislodge these guns," says Cooke, " Carpenter s and Cutshaw s batteries with two Par- rott guns from the Rockbridge Artillery, were rapidly placed in position, and opened fire. The battle speedily commenced in good earnest." Donelly s guns and in fantry were quickly heard on the left, and " a dan gerous enfilade fire was poured on the Southern lines." i Cooke. 88 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INTANTRY. Two companies of the Second were thrown forward to annoy the enemy s guns, D, Captain Savage ; and G, Captain Cary. They took shelter behind a stone wall, and " opened a galling and destructive fire on the cannoneers and horses attached to the Confederate bat teries." The fire was so sharp that some of the enemy s guns withdrew, and some were silenced. The skir mishers continued their fire " with a precision which was galling and dangerous in the extreme. ~No one could mount to the crest of the hill without hearing the O sudden report of their excellent long-range guns, suc ceeded by the whistling of balls near his person. To drive out these persistent and accurate marksmen," the rebel Poague threw solid shot at their stone wall ; " but, in spite of the missiles and crashing stones around them," says Cooke, " the line of sharpshooters still gallantly held their position." But rebel regiments were moving in swarms around the right, under the rebel General Taylor. To prevent being flanked, Colonel Gordon moved the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania and Twenty-seventh Indiana to the right. " The Federal commander," says Cooke, of this move ment, "was making preparations to assail Jackson s position in force. All was ready at last ; and suddenly the Federal infantry was seen moving in heavy columns to the [rebel] left, with the evident intention of gaining possession of the ridge to the north and west of the town." Against Taylor s men and the Stonewall Brigade on the flank, and the still steady fire in front, Colonel Gordon s four regiments were, of course, of 89 little avail. They poured in a destructive fire, and then heard the order to fall back. The Second moved down the hill, by left of companies to the rear, the Third Wisconsin, in line of battle ; but a company or two of each halted to pour one destructive volley. The heights were now swarming with rebel troops, whose fire went principally overhead. The regiments kept in order ; entered Winchester ; and the Second, turning into a cross street, re-arranged the order of companies, and formed by the usual alignment. The enemy appeared on the main streets, and opened fire. Through Winchester (with shots from houses until forbearance ceased l ) , by the burning buildings ; on the road to Martinsburg, the rear of that portion of the force which took that road. The enemy s guns were quickly placed in an old work, and opened fire. Cavalry threatened. But the regiment kept steadily on. Some of the force in the advance were getting into disorder. General Banks, knowing that any disorder would become 1 On this matter, testimony was afterwards taken, by order from Division Headquarters. In addition to abundant proof, that citizens fired from houses, was evidence that women fired upon the soldiers. I make a few extracts from different statements: "I came out on the west street. I saw two women shoot from a window. They used guns." "I saw a woman standing in the window with a pistol in her hand. I saw her shoot, and saw a man fall." "I saw a woman shoot a pistol from a window." [Five wit nesses to the scene.] "I saw a woman fire, from a house, a revolver. This was near the centre of the town. " "I saw two women. One discharged a pistol; the ball passing over my head, and entering a wall on the opposite side of the street." " On Main Street, a woman came to the door, and fired what I thought to be a revolver." When it is remembered, that, during our occupation of Winchester, women were as safe from insult in the streets of Winchester as in Boston, the infamous conduct of that population is evi dent. It needed purifying by fire. 90 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. a rout, placed himself in front, and restored discipline. Thirty-two miles march, without a halt, brought it to Martinsburg. There the enemy ceased to follow. The quartermaster procured " crackers," and fed the men. Thirteen miles more, with a throng of Union people, children and adults, and Williamsport was reached. The trains, save the wagons lost before the Second became rear-guard, were safe. A thousand camp-fires blazed on the hillside. The trains crossed by the deep ford ; the ammunition wagons, by the single ferry ; the men forded ; all were over before noon next day, except that four companies of the Second, and the same of the Third Wisconsin, sworn friends from that day, were left for duty on the Virginia shore. 1 The Second had marched, in thirty-three hours, fifty-six miles, fighting in one pitched battle and in the skirmishes as rear-guard. The conduct of the Second on this occasion put its reputation, before the country, on that basis for which its thorough discipline, accomplished drill, and personal bravery had been fitting it. Its own State was proud of it ; and that pride only grew with succeeding years. The regiment was satisfied with itself; and officers and men from that day understood each other, taught as only this baptism of fire could teach. 1 Dabney says, " When the last of the cavalry drove the last of the fugi tives across the Potomac, a multitude of helpless blacks were found," etc. There was no annoyance whatever beyond Martinsburg. The troops were in order. Nor did the infantry all cross until next day; and then, without a sign of the enemy. General Banks replaced the infantry south of the river with cavalry, who occupied the road for miles out. 91 But Major Dwight brave and beloved was miss ing. Surgeon Leland, who had remained with the wounded at Kernstown, and Assistant-Surgeon Stone, who would not abandon the hospital in his charge at Winchester, were prisoners. Captain Mudge and Sec ond Lieutenant Crowninshield were wounded, Mudge, carried for miles in the arms of a few of his men, who, separated from the command, succeeded in taking him to Harper s Ferry. Emerson and Staples, of C ; Lakin, of D ; Dane and Peck, of Gr ; O Connell, of H; and Higgins, of I, were killed in action. Stephens (A.), of B ; Colvin, of D ; Churchill, Vose, and Williams, of F; Bickford and Bosmore, of I, were mortally wounded. Forty-one others were wounded. And, besides seventeen of the wounded, seventy-seven were prisoners. 1 Of the dead, Higgins was buried at Bartons- ville ; the others, on the field near Winchester. Jackson s object had been accomplished. Not in destroying or capturing the division, which he ought to have done ; but in effectually breaking up the plans of the general-in-chief, by frightening the authorities, as usual, into the securing "the defence of Washington," which his mere advance accomplished. The troops were never " to uncover Washington." McDowell was 1 Pollard, in his " Southern History," says that Jackson took " four thou sand prisoners." As General Banks had but two brigades, the brilliancy of this statement is evident. It is a sample of Pollard. He is not worth refer ring to again. The "English Combatant s Battle-fields of the South" makes Banks s force twenty thousand men, and says that Winchester " was strongly forti fied." English! 92 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. not to re-enforoe McClellan for the capture of Rich- mond. "The President s order," said McDowell just before this affair, " is a crushing blow ; ... we shall have all our large masses paralyzed." They were : and Banks s command, fatally weakened early in May, had met with a crushing disaster. Banks, left with less than eight thousand men, had been overpowered by a force admitted to be over twenty thousand. Crossing the river to Williamsport, camp was estab lished half a mile back of the town, and continued until the 10th of June. Here Major Dwight suddenly returned. Various accounts had insisted that he was dead. But he had yielded a moment, in Winchester, to the solicitations of a wounded man to place him in a house. It was a momentary stop, but when he came out, the rebels were there. Receiving his arms, an offi cer asked him, " Have you no other arms ? " " If you are very particular," replied the major, " here is a pen knife." He was treated kindly ; and after considerable effort succeeded in getting paroled, and reached our lines. As he came to camp, a shout went up, "The major ! " All order seemed to vanish as the men rushed towards him, took hold of his clothes, cheered; and escorted the happy, laughing man into camp. He was not exchanged until after Cedar Mountain. Surgeon Leland was paroled, and left with wounded at Winchester when the rebels quitted. Assistant- Surgeon Stone was paroled ; the parole to be a free release, if at Washing ton he could secure an agreement that surgeons should be not liable to capture, which was accomplished. BANKS S RETREAT. 93 A change of command took place. Two brigadiers had been sent from Washington, and had arrived ; but were not assigned, at Strasburg. On the 28th of May, Brigadier-General George L. Greene took command of the Third Brigade. He was a good and brave soldier ; but an angel if a military angel exists could not have satisfied the men, after their experience of Colonel Gordon in the retreat. A sense of injustice was preva lent. General Banks felt the harshness of removing an officer who had rendered such service, and who had always been so efficient ; but he was powerless. He is sued, however, an order in which he expressed his " Unqualified approval of the manner in which Colonel George H. Gordon has discharged the duties of brigade- cormnander. In organization, discipline, instruction, and equipment, he has maintained and elevated the standard of his command. In the execution of orders, often, from the extreme necessities of our position and the great reduc tion of our force, sudden and difficult, he has been prompt and successful, exhibiting on all occasions the qualities of an accomplished and experienced officer. The commanding officer has also the pleasure of expressing his approval of the manner in which the Third Brigade and its commander discharged their most important duties in the march from Strasburg, on the 24th instant ; and, in the affair with the enemy, as rear-guard of the column, in the evening of the same day, which contributed so much to the safety of the command ; and, in the engagement of the 25th, at Win chester, Va. He has the strongest confidence that its distinguished character and reputation will be maintained hereafter." But this removal resulted in the immediate promotion 94 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. of Colonel Gordon. He had been unanimously recom mended for the appointment of brigadier, by the Con gressional delegation from Massachusetts, in August, 1861. The personal opposition of a Massachusetts official had prevented it ; but General Banks knew his worth, and had regularly arranged his brigades to place him at the head of his own. The glaring injustice now overrode personal influence ; and his promotion for his conduct in the retreat, was made June 12, 1862. "He has got his promotion," wrote one official to another. "I could not help it : he earned it." The scene, when he took leave of his old regiment, with the reply of Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews, was affecting. General Greene continued in command, and Lieu tenant-Colonel Andrews was promoted colonel : Ser geant Miller, of Company D, was promoted to be second lieutenant, by and by, to be disabled by wounds. Of General Fremont s movements from Western Vir ginia (on which he started May 25) into the valley; of Jackson s sudden evacuation of Winchester, necessi tated thereby ; of the pursuit, and of the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic in consequence, it is out of the province of this account to speak. But the valley was cleared for the time. At Williamsport came a paper of a private charac ter from the War Department. At Strasburg, the line officers (if the lieutenant - colonel commanding knew of it, he kept silence) , terribly chagrined that a regiment of such material, and made by so much labor, BANKS S RETREAT. 95 should be kept in inaction at Strasburg, while other troops were to win glory in Eastern Virginia, had ven tured to address a letter to the Secretary, stating their case, and asking, if the good of the service would per mit, to be put where they could do something. The answer was kind and appreciative : but " the exigencies of the service required that the regiment should stay at Strasburg." This answer was received at Williams- port, and was thought, under the circumstances, to be rather a good joke. There was to be glory enough by and by. 96 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. VIII. GENERAL, POPE. On the 7th of June, General* Greene told the bri gade to be " in readiness to move across the river at an hour s notice ; " and that " neither officers or men will be permitted to leave the camp." On the day previous, General Banks had issued an order, that General Williams s Division was to " march through the city of Winchester, in close order, with drums beating ; and in no case whatever will any soldier be permitted to leave the ranks." This was to prevent that salutary vengeance which the incensed soldiers would have ta ken on all houses from which men and women had fired on our soldiers in the retreat. Perhaps it was best, but that infamous town never met its deserts. Luckily, Satan will get his own some day. Furious rains had prevented a crossing for four or five days ; but, on the 10th, the troops crossed the river, the band of the Second playing " Carry me back to ole Virginny." Bivouacked that night near Falling Waters ; the next, camped at Bunker Hill. The next day approached Winchester ; halted an hour outside the town ; marched through in the manner designated, find- GENEKAL POPE. 97 ing there General Sigel s Corps, which had been sent across from Harper s Ferry, on the usual principle of doing every thing too late. The colonel got a bou quet in Winchester, which proved that there was one decent woman in that ungodly town. Kept on for a mile below town ; rested for some hours, and then moved to Bartonsville, six miles below Winchester, and camped. So far into Virginia, everybody had scrupulously abstained, according to orders of the brig adier, from even getting a drop of water from any body s well, which seemed rather hard in that villainous country, and was very discouraging to a chaplain in re gard to the increase of swearing. At Bartonsville, where the bullets of the enemy were visible in the bridge-posts, the regiment remained six days. Discipline was strict. Soldiers even had to re build a fence whose rails had been taken for firewood, the secession owner complaining about it. Fine times those were : but profanity increased. Here came to the regiment William H. Heath, as volunteer surgeon. When it was known in Boston, that both the medical officers of the Second were pris oners, Surgeon-General Dale sent a despatch to Dr. Heath, to come in to Boston. He went immediately. "Will you go to the Second for temporary service?" " Yes : when ? " This afternoon ? " " Yes. " He had time only to purchase a valise and a suit of clothing ; and, sending a "good-by"to his wife, whom there was not time to see, left for Virginia. When he arrived, he was persuaded to accept a commission ; and he did not 7 98 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. see his home again until J864. He was to be recog nized as one of the best surgeons and truest men in the corps, before he died, -of disease caused by devotion to duty in the trenches before Atlanta. On the 18th, moved to near Front Eoyal, and re mained there until the 6th of July. General Fremont was then holding Strasburg; and the two commands were separated, for fifty miles, by a line in the road, which tended to unity of plan, of course. On the 25th, General Gordon was replaced in com mand of the brigade. He was joyfully welcomed back. General Greene had secured respect, and deserved it ; and when he was afterwards severely wounded, the bri gade sincerely mourned : but General Gordon they knew. It was a hot Sunday, that of the 6th of July. Ready to move early ; but not until eleven o clock was the " forward " heard. A few miles on, at the junction of the north fork and main stream of the Shenandoah, waited in an open plain in tlje blazing sun for hours, while the trains got out of the way. Crossed the tem porary bridge ; passed over Kenly s battle-ground , and saw plenty of old iron ; went through the pretty village of Front Royal, and camped a mile south; men fell down, entirely exhausted by the heat, on reaching the camp-ground, but many found comfort in a cooling bath in the brawling brook near by. On the 7th, re veille at three, A.M. ; at six, on the road for the Blue Ridge. Passed up Chester Gap, where the cooling breeze refreshingly tempered the powerful heat; de- GENERAL POPE. 99 scended, and thanked God that we were out of the valley at last. Made twelve miles before eleven o clock ; rested in a beautiful wood just before Flint Hill ; and, towards night, had orders to camp, and a delightful shower blessed the camp. Some kind of a local magistrate dropped into camp in the afternoon, while the grapes were being eaten, to discuss matters. His coolness was refreshing. He O insisted that we had no constitutional right to " iuvade" Virginia, for the Constitution gave no right to carry on a war outside of the United States. Virginia had seceded; ergo, war in Virginia was unconstitutional. Further, we ought to restore fugitive slaves, for the Fugitive-Slave law said so. " But," said the General, " is Virginia one of the United States? " " No," was the prompt reply. " Then what have you got to do with the Fugitive-Slave law, or the Constitution of the United States ? " Rear-guard next day. Slow business ; but it gave time to eat the cherries. Waiting for the trains, the men ate cherries ; picked cherries to eat on the road ; cut limbs full of cherries to carry along. Providence had evidently made those cherries for that occasion ; and yet the secession owners had the impudence and impiety to object to the ways of Providence ! Five miles beyond the cherry-trees, halted; then camped, and here recovered divers stolen horses. It was near Gaines s Cross-roads. On the llth, eight miles to near Warrenton. On the 12th : "Orders having been received from Ma- 100 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. jor-General Pope, commanding the Army of Virginia, to have this command in constant readiness for a move ment," &c. &c. as if it had been doing any thing else ! On the same day, the " Zouaves d Afrique," good men under an absurd title and in an absurd dress, were assigned to duty, under Colonel Andrews, " where they will receive proper instruction and dis cipline." They certainly got it ; and they proved their bravery at Cedar Mountain. 1 General Pope was in command. On the 26th day of June, by special order of the President, he had been assigned to this position. It was a good thing that three separate commands in one department were now to be under one head, McDowell s, to be known as the 1st Corps; Banks s, the 2d ; and Fremont s, the 3d, of the " Army of Virginia," by order of August 12. Fremont, it will be remembered, refused to serve under a junior in rank ; but Banks made no objection. On the 14th of July (General Crawford was in tem porary command of the division that day), General Pope issued his address. It was by no means well received. "I have come from the West," he said, " where we have always seen the backs of our enemies." The enemy saw his by and by. "I hear constantly," he said, " of taking strong positions, and holding them [ if 1 This company had been General Banks s guard. " An English Com batant," in his work, " Battle-Fields of the South," a work full of lies from beginning to end, in referring to a mention of these Zouaves, says, " My reader will not fail to observe from the above, that General Banks s body-guard is composed of negroes." The writer need not hare said he was English. GENERAL POPE. 101 he had held his, it would have been better for Massa chusetts] ; of lines of retreat, and of bases of supplies. Let us discard such ideas." The latter were discarded when supplies came down to green corn ; the former were not, when they led inside the fortifications of Washington. It was not the way to talk to soldiers who had proved their daring against overwhelming powers. The papers said that General Pope s "head quarters were to be in the saddle." They ought to have said, "in a good many saddles, and wagons enough for a division," as appeared when five weeks after his assignment to command the General was received by the Second Corps. Another order was sensible : " Hereafter no guards will be placed over private houses or private property of any description whatever. Commanding officers are responsible for the conduct of the troops under their command." Here baggage was cut down again, July 16 : one valise to an officer ; three officers to a tent (which was luxury compared to subsequent days) ; a. "shelter tent [tent d abri] to each two privates." The Sibleys de parted, and were seen no more. Ten days rations to be kept on hand ; a hundred and fifty rounds of ammu nition per man to be kept in the wagons. How we came to Warrenton was a blunder. Some stupid official had written "Warrenton," instead of " Washington, " the " Little Washington " westward. So, on the 16th, marched to Hedgeman s River, crossed it, and camped in a sharp thunder-storm. The next 102 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. day, through the forlorn village of Amissville, to Gaines s Cross-roads ; and, turning westward, travelled in another thunder-storm to a steep hillside overlooking the little village of Little Washington, which nestled prettily under its trees, but proved a sham when one went into it. Here military exercises went on, instruction of men and officers in sighting, aiming, calculating distances, and so on. On the 25th, moved a mile below the village, where a camp was laid out on regulation distances, to follow which would take half a State for a respectable army. Here was a great review and sham fights and cavalry charges. Here it was learned that General Pope had got to Warrenton ; and here he soon appeared. On the 3d of August, he was formally received, on the day of his own selection, which was Sunday; but, when at the close General Banks was to have Sunday observed by twenty minutes of public worship, General Pope galloped off in a hurry. Various changes took place in the roll of officers in July. Captain Underwood was appointed major in the Thirty-third Massachusetts. Lieutenant Horton, then detailed on General Greene s staff, was appointed assistant adjutant-general; Lieutenant Wheaton, then on General Gordon s staff, commissary of subsistence ; Lieutenant Hawes, also on General Gordon s staff, assistant-quartermaster ; and Second Lieutenant Scott, also on the same staff, assistant adjutant-general, each with the rank of captain. Two of the vacancies made in the second lieutenancies were filled in July, by the GENERAL POPE. 103 promotion of Albert W. Powers, first sergeant of G, and Edward A. Phalen, first sergeant of C, neither commission arriving until after each had been wounded at Cedar Mountain. The line of the army ran through Warrenton, Little Washington, Sperryville, and Luray ; while in the valley somebody was holding, rather shakingly, that Sodom named Winchester ; and the rebels were gather ing, up the valley, the rich crops which a general order, early in the season, had told the people to raise, on the old plan of feeding the enemy. The left of the line was now to be swung forward so that the whole army should be on the road from Culpeper to Sperry ville ; while cavalry, well forward, covered its front, from the Blue Eidge to the forks of the Rappahannock. General Banks was to move to Hazel River. The Second left Little Washington, August 6th ; passed General Sigel at Sperryville ; bivouacked at Woodville that night, and at Hazel River the next : fifty or more recruits joined here, and Colonel An drews the indefatigable man had a battalion-drill in the morning. 104 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. IX. CEDAR MOUNTAIN. THE enemy was crossing -the Kapidan. Culpeper was occupied about the 4th of August, by Crawford s Brigade, of Banks s Corps ; and on the 7th, Ricketts s Division, McDowell s Corps, arrived. Bayard s Cav alry was near Rapidan Station, and Buford s at Barnett s Ford. The enemy made a feint of sending off a column by way of Madison Court-house ; but his object was Culpeper. On the morning of the 8th, Bayard was pressed slowly back ; while Buford reported the enemy advancing on Madison. Crawford s Brigade was sent out towards Cedar Mountain to support Bayard, and General Banks was ordered up from Hazel River. The Second bivouacked that night (or what was left of the night), just on the north of Culpeper. Jackson, the old opponent, was busy again. 1 On the morning of the 9th, directions to fall in ; to camp ; to fall in again. An officer rode up to General Banks, with an order. It was given verbally, 1 " Learning that only a portion of General Pope s army was at Culpeper Court-house, General Jackson resolved to attack it before the arrival of the remainder." Lee s Reports. CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 105 but reduced to writing by General Banks s assistant adjutant-general, Colonel Pelouze ; and read to the offi cer who brought it, who pronounced it correct. It was this : " CULPEPER, 9.45, A.M., Aug. 9, 1862. " General Banks will move to the front immediately ; assume command of all the forces in the front ; deploy his skirmishers, if the enemy approaches ; and attack him immediately, as soon as he approaches ; and be re-enforced from here." 1 On the road, then, to support Crawford, who was being pressed by the enemy. Through Culpeper, on a south-west course. It was an intensely hot day. One man, Carey, of F, died from exhaustion, and was buried by the roadside : he was a recruit, who had joined but a few days before. Two or three miles out of Culpeper, a whole division (Ricketts s) was passed, destined to chafe uselessly in sound of every shot of that day. Now and then, the dull, heavy sound of single shots was heard. Five miles from Culpeper, left the road at the run, followed its rough course west ward half a mile, and saw Cedar Mountain, a tall, steep hill, overlooking the low ground ; passed up the hill on which was Brown s house, and the brigade was put in line on the wooded crest beyond it, in a com manding position, to which General Gordon had pointed, while in the low ground, and received the assent of General Roberts, General Pope s chief of 1 General Pope, in his official report, says, " I regret that General Banks thought it expedient to depart from my instructions." It is useless to try to reconcile this statement with his order. 106 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. staff, who soon rode up and approved it. The other brigades were not then in position ; when they were stationed, it was so that the Third Brigade thus had the extreme right, at an angle with Crawford s, and, in fact, totally disconnected : next to Crawford were Geary, Greene, and Prince, in order. Crawford s Brigade was in a wood ; the other three, in the open ground, which was slightly rolling, and their line ran east and west. Gordon s original position was never attacked. A mile and a half south of the line, Cedar Mountain towered up over the plain. Up that mount, the enemy placed batteries ; and there stood Jackson , able to see the movement of every regiment of ours. His line, gradually developed, came to be about parallel to ours of the four brigades, his left hid in the woods like our right, and crossing the open ground to the hill. The enemy numbered, one of their accounts says, "about fifteen thousand men." The same authority (Cooke) mentions ten brigades ; and their official list of casualties agrees with this, specifying losses from forty-two regiments of infantry, one regiment of cav alry, and four "battalions," besides the batteries. Banks s five brigades numbered less than eight thousand 1 Cooke says, " The Federal force opposed to him was undoubtedly much larger than his own." He estimates it at thirty-two thousand, including Banks s, Sigel s, and a division of McDowell s. In fact, none but Banks s men were within miles of the battle-field, as he might have known from the official reports. Dabney says. " The Federalists, according to their own returns, had thirty-two thousand men engaged in this battle." Cooke is honestly mistaken; Dabney, dishonestly. CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 107 Standing on the height in front of Brown s house, General Gordon s Brigade was almost in one s rear. Looking southward, across a run, was a wooded swell ; an eighth of a mile through, on the southern edge of the wood, was Crawford : an open field, rather more than two hundred yards across, separated him from a wood occupied by the rebels. Crawford s wood ran eastward to a point. There was General Banks in person, near Geary. Next beyond could be seen Greene, and then Prince. Cedar Mountain is full in view. Early in the afternoon, General Banks s skir mishers are seen pushing forward. The enemy presses them. General Banks with his left and centre meet the enemy. 1 There is a rattling fire. The enemy have not developed yet ; their troops are mainly out of sight, behind the wood in front of Crawford, in the valley west of the mountain. But they press harder soon. The guns up Cedar Mountain open. Their plunging shot plough the ground : occasionally, shell burst in our line. Our artillery, stationed on slight elevations, replies. The enemy open with guns from behind the woods in front of our General ; and the artillery fire becomes rapid on both sides. The moving of guns, the shifting of cavalry, the slight changes in line, are visible. It does not yet appear in what force are the enemy. It is two hours before the artillery play gives place to the rattle of musketry to much extent. 1 This is all which bears upon General Pope s statement, that " General Banks had left the strong position which he had taken up, and had advanced two miles to meet the enemy." 108 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. Then, the battery behind the point of woods is so annoying on our centre, that General Banks orders Crawford to move across the open field, pierce the woods, and attack the battery, while his centre moves on at the same time. The order is gallantly obeyed. His brigade moves on, increased by five companies of the Third Wisconsin, of Gordon s Brigade, as skir mishers , steadily thinned by a terrible fire from the concealed foe, and by a flank fire which comes from the thicket on the west of the field, in which the enemy have been hidden, both Crawford s Brigade, and five companies of our Third Wisconsin. Donelly, the brave colonel of the Twenty-eighth New York, is mortally wounded by a shot from the thicket. Crane, the gal lant lieutenant-colonel of the Third Wisconsin, falls dead. Officers are swept off in every regiment. The men keep on, pierce the wood ; but, not far within it, the line has melted away. 1 Looking backward from Brown s house, still remains the Third Brigade : the Second, the 3d Wisconsin (five companies), and the 27th Indiana, three regi ments true as steel. The Second only is visible : some 1 It must be in reference to this, and to the movement of the centre, that Lee s Keport says, " The main body of the Federal infantry, under cover of a wood and the undulations of the field, gained the left of Jackson s Divis ion, now commanded by General Taliaferro, and poured a destructive fire into its flank and rear. Campbell s Brigade fell back in confusion, exposing the flank of Taliaferro s, which also gave way, as did the left of Early s. The rest of his brigade, however, firmly held its ground. Wind er s Brigade, with Branch s (of A. P. Hill s Division) on its right, advanced promptly to the support of Jackson s Division; and, after a sanguinary struggle, the enemy was repulsed with loss." CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 109 of the men are asleep ; some are making coffee ; some are looking at the battle-field. The ambulances are .grouped in the road cutting the wood. General Gordon stands watching, his glass almost steadily to his eye ; for General Williams has told him, that, so soon as" an order is sent for the Third Brigade to move, he will wave a handkerchief. The rattle of the musketry chafes him ; and he watches for the signal. It does not come, but, impatient, " Fall in ! " Every man is on his feet. Waiting all through Crawford s attack. At last, "Forward, double-quick ! " Past the house, down the slope, over the run, up into Crawford s woods, past the wounded, and to re-enforce Crawford. But Crawford s Brigade is, for the time, annihilated ; and Gordon s takes its place, gathering up, also, the five Wisconsin companies which had assisted Crawford. Formed at the edge of the open field (Captain Abbott with A, skirmishers, behaving gallantly), they are received with a keen, well-aimed fire. Colonel Andrews spoke a few words to his skirmishers, upon their duty, and passed along the line. The brigade open fire, the Second firing by file. Soon the musketry ceased to be "The day seemed lost," says Cooke. "In vain did the Confederate officers attempt to hold the men steady. ... At that moment of disaster and impending ruin, amid the clouds of smoke, his voice was heard rising above the uproar and the thunder of the guns. . . . His exertions to rally the men were crowned with success. . . . The old Stonewall Brigade and Branch s Brigade advanced at a double-quick." These extracts show how near, against a vastly superior force, the battle of Cedar Mountain was to being a victory. The single division lying back, in sound of the guns, impatient for orders, had it been on hand, would have turned the scale. But Pope, who had ordered Banks to attack, did not send the promised re-enforcernents. 110 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. a rattle : it was an unbroken roar, the artillery all silent. For thirty minutes it was steady. Colonel Andrews s horse is shot under him. Savage is C5 wounded, and Quincy, and two-thirds of the officers. The line is thinning fast. But the enemy advance in line. They are received with a savage fire, and never get nearer than fifty yards. There is a heavy force on our right, into which our brigade is firing. They are in blue. " I think," said Colonel Col grove, "we are firing on our own men." General Gordon rode forward, and was met by a savage fire. Then that force advanced, through the bushes. A heavy fire comes down on the right flank. The bullets come like hail. The line shrivels up. It is a question of annihilation or retreat. The force moving on three regiments was made up of Winder s, Branch s, Fender s, and Archer s Brigades. The General ordered the line to fall back ; and, while the centre and left were pressed by Ewell, it fell back to its old position by Brown s house, just as the darkness was deepening. The enemy has the wood, but does not pursue. General Banks establishes a line about a mile to the rear of his former ; and the troops who would have saved the day, if they had been ordered up to the support of General Banks, come to the support ; and General Pope, too. The losses of the Second had been terrible : Captains Abbott, Cary, Williams, and Goodwin, and Lieutenant Perkins, dead ; Major Savage, mortally wounded, and a prisoner ; Captain Quincy and Lieutenant Miller, CEDAR MOUNTAIN. Ill wounded and prisoners ; Surgeon Leland (early in the action), Lieutenants Oakey, Browning, Grafton, Robeson, wounded; Captain Russell, a prisoner. Enlisted men : Corporal Bassett, Bright, Dyer, Flem- ming, Hazelton, Livingston, and Sergeant Whitten, of A ; Gilson and Corporal Oakes, of B ; Brown (F. H.) , Cochrane, Frames, Corporal Grey, Hines, Jewell, Stonehall, and Williston, of C ; Bickford, Corporal Fay, and Corporal Wilcox, of D ; Ide and Sparrow, of E : Sergeant Andrews, Hatch, Howard, and Hoxsey, of G ; Corporal Cahill, Corporal De Weale, and Duffy, of H; Sergeant Willis, of I; and Conlan, Daly, Livingstone, Montague, Roberts, and Watson, of K, killed; Corporal Buxton, Gilman, and Spalding, of A; Stephens (J.), of B; Donovan, of C; Daniels, of E; Moore, of F; Dillingham, Greene (M.), Smith, and First-Sergeant Williston, of G; Sylvester, of I; and Hauboldt, of K, were mortally wounded. Ninety-nine others were wounded ; and fourteen men, besides four of the wounded, were prisoners. Of the twenty-three officers who went upon the field, seven only came back unhurt ; and thirty-five per cent of the regiment, as engaged, were killed or wounded. The company of Zouaves, which, the colonel officially said, had " honorably and creditably discharged their duty on the field," lost one commissioned officer, Lieutenant Heirvack, missing; four non-commissioned officers and privates, killed, and seven, missing. When, in the momentary absence of Colonel An drews to see the wounded, the next in rank was sought 112 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. for, it was the junior captain, whose commission had arrived a few days before. Well might General Pope say in his official report, "The Massachusetts regiments [there was but one] behaved with especial gallantry, and sustained the heaviest losses." l Equally well did General Pope speak of the " distin guished gallantry ... of General Gordon." 2 Equally well did he say, " The conduct of the whole corps was beyond all praise." And equally well, "I cannot speak too highly of the ceaseless intrepidity of General Banks himself, during the whole engagement. . . . He exposed himself as freely as any one under his command ; and his example went far to secure that gallant and noble conduct which has made his corps famous." 3 Some time after, there came the following order : HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, NEAR CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA., Aug. 16, 1862. GENERAL ORDERS, No. 21. The following despatch has been received from the Gen eral-in-Chief of the Army, and, with this order, will be published at the head of every regiment and detachment in this command : 1 No official record of the losses of the corps has met the Avriter s eye. Of General Gordon s less than 1500 men, 466 were killed, wounded, or missing. General Lee s Report makes the Confederate loss, 229 killed, 1,047 wounded, total, 1,276. 2 " Colonel Andrews, Colonel Ruger, Colonel Colgrove . . . deserving praise for gallant conduct." General Gordon. " My Staff, Captain H. B. Scott, A A.G., Captain Charles Wheaton, and Lieutenant Robert G. Shaw, rendered me especial service. I owe them many thanks for their labors and coolness under this terrific fire." General Gordon. 3 I make no criticism upon the conduct of this battle, because I am not qualified. Recording events only, much of which I saw, military men will know what was wrong. CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 113 WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, Aug. 14, 1862. MAJOR-GENERAL POPE, Your telegram of last evening is most satisfactory ; and I congratulate you and your army, and particularly General Banks and his corps, on your hard- earned but brilliant success against vastly superior numbers. Your troops have covered themselves with glory ; and Cedar Mountain will be known in history as one of the great battle-fields of the war. H. W. HALLECK, General-in- Chief. The Major-General commanding the Army of Virginia has little to add to this despatch. It is a feeble expression of his feelings, to say that he was delighted and astonished at the gallant and intrepid conduct of his command, and especially of the Second Corps. 1 Success and glory are sure to accompany such conduct ; and it is safe to predict, that Cedar Mountain is only the first of a series of victories which shall make the Army of Virginia famous in the land, and draw very close to the hearts of their countrymen every officer and soldier who belongs to it. JOHN POPE, Major- General Commanding. The praise was merited. But were the congratulations on the brilliant success and victory, a burlesque ? Our men felt that they could well spare such victories as being driven from the field by vastly superior numbers, leaving their wounded in the hands of the enemy, bury ing their dead afterwards by permission of the enemy ; while the arms captured by the rebels, lay in huge piles. But that was the way they used to write history. The evening after the battle, the Second, in its brig ade, was placed in the centre of the new army line, 1 General Banks s. 8 114 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. and close up to the enemy ; so close, that one of its sen tries (Harrington, of Company E) captured, by a little finesse, a party that rode up by mistake. Here it was that General Banks was injured, and General Pope near capture, General Pope refusing to believe General Gordon s statement that the enemy were but a few yards off. Brown s house was the hospital for the brigade ; while a mile and a half to the rear was another, a brick house near the Culpeper road. Over fifty of our wounded were got off the field, principally by the untir ing efforts of the regimental band, which persisted until two of its number, Rawson and Smeath, were made prisoners. Our wounded were at Brown s ; includ ing Surgeon Leland, who, though wounded in the head, could hardly be persuaded to leave their care to others. Colonel Andrews could not bear to leave his wounded without an officer ; and, as Surgeon Leland was wounded, Assistant-Surgeon Stone in Maryland on duty, and Assistant-Surgeon Heath sick with typhoid fever, it was the privilege of the chaplain to remain. Doctor Chappel, the efficient and faithful medical director ; and Surgeon Bennett, of the Fifth Connecti cut, than whom no truer man ever wore the green sash, remained also, with the comforting assurance that the enemy would immediately occupy this impor tant height. But, though they pushed up on the central plain past the house, and lay there, two hundred and fifty yards off, they left the place untouched. Within the house and without were hundreds of wounded. CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 115 All night, in the moonlight, when the fleecy clouds permitted it, and by candles otherwise, under the trees were the men cared for ; while, for hours, the musket- barrels of the enemy s sentries glittered in the edge of a wood. At eleven o clock, a flash, a report, and a whizzing shell flew screaming into the woods just north and east ; and another, then over the hospital, and then up the plain ; and our artillery replied as furi ously, their thunder continuous and unceasing, lightning flashing from the muzzles. Half an hour, and it had ceased. Who had driven, the hospital did not know ; but the enemy s muskets were still glittering. Early in the night, a brigade filed quietly in between the hospital and the enemy ; so quietly, that their very presence, not thirty yards off, was not known at first. But hope leaped in the breast ; for Massachusetts men were there, the Twelfth and the Thirteenth. Before morning, the enemy drew back. A few ambulances were there. The chaplain had learned of a circuitous path through the woods, to the rear of the line, the direct road being in the enemy s possession. Doctor Chappel authorized an attempt to remove the wounded. Patiently the work went on, sometimes interrupted by rebel shell. At three o clock in the morning, General McDowell sent word that that spot was untenable. Patience still ; and at six, the last man was gone. When the gray of morning came, the wounded not all sent off, looking southward, near a mile off, were the rebels drawn up in a long line of battle, but 116 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. motionless. Even the gunners could be seen at their guns. On the north, our brigades were moving into position. It gave promise of a fierce day. But all that Sunday they lay grimly watching each other, while not a shot broke the stillness. Brown s house was left ; and in it a beautiful boy of eighteen months, who, on the day before, had slept through the heavy artillery- thunder, while his mother always stood between her child and the guns as though her body could shelter him. At night came a rumor to the regiment that the wounded men were still on the field, and that the rebel pickets had fallen back to the wood which Crawford had tried to pierce. A party was detailed by the colonel, with consent of our general, to attempt their help. Lieutenant Abbott commanded it, and Wisconsin men were added, and the chaplain of the Second obtained permission to accompany it. Three miles on, and half a mile from the ground, General Sigel refused "to allow the risk of losing the party. It was midnight, and nothing remained but to sleep at the picket line. At early gray, Lieutenant Abbott tried again for permis sion. While he was seeking it, the chaplain of the Second ventured to elude the pickets, and go on. (It was, it is fair to say, his only breach of military disci pline in three years.) Crossing the run, finding a wounded soldier who had crawled down there, and getting confirmation of the facts ; passing up and through the wood, it was his privilege to be the first to comfort the wounded with the assurance of help. Men ^TTo 08 OC MAKE) CEDAR MOUNTAIN. 117 wept with joy. " We thought you were never coming ! " A rebel sentry was opposite ; and, at the waving of a handkerchief, waved a cap, and nodded. There were the dead, one, whose clear, ringing "fall in," the Saturday before, still sounded on the ear; one, who in reply to the question (as he left an ambu lance) " Are you strong enough to go ? " had answered with a smile, "I cannot stay when my men go," and had been almost carried by two of his men ; one, lying there with a miniature, who had said a little before, " If any thing should happen to me, it would kill " ; and near him, still alive to watch his commander, Sergeant Williston, whose entreaties had saved the picture, alas ! himself to die soon ; one, with the crisp hair, of which a single lock should go home, as the last of the frank, brave, true man ; and many an one whose homes mourned that sad day for Massachusetts. Truce was established ; and rebel and loyal rode around the neutral ground. Ambulances came, and car ried away the wounded. Parties came to bury the dead. There was Crane, lieutenant-colonel of the Third Wis consin, the Second mourned him too, and O Brien of the same, who lay there and died there. Rebel sol diers had sheltered some with blankets or boughs ; had O brought water, and sometimes biscuits and apples. But the dead had been stripped of every thing valuable, even to outer clothing. It took till past mid-day to bury the dead. Not all were laid there. Abbott and Gary and Goodwin and Williams sleep with their kindred ; and Perkins, 118 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. at Alexandria. Savage, twice wounded, died at Charlottesville. But when the trenches were dug, and the Massachusetts dead were laid in them, green boughs were placed over them lest the earth should press too rudely ; and not without Christian burial were they left to sleep, "earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust." Around the two trenches were trees marked with three deep cuts each, that, while the trees stand, the place should be known. And there was carried away a leaf kept as a sacred relic which had drop ped from the hand of a dying man, on which the first glance had fallen on these words : " Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved, what manner of persons ought ye to be in all holy conversation and godliness. Looking for and hasting unto the coming of the day of God, wherein the heavens being on fire shall be dis solved, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat. Never theless, we, according to his promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness." 119 X. POPE S RETREAT. ON the night after the battle of Cedar Mountain, the Second was in the centre of the new line, within a few hundred paces of the exultant but cautious enemy. In the course of the following forenoon, the corps was drawn back into the second line, on the plain ; still in sight of the mountain, and between the road and the brick-house hospital. The wounded were still moving from that house to Culpeper, where a hotel, churches, and shops were used as hospitals. At noon, the corps " was- so cut up and worn down with fatigue," that General Pope " did not consider it capable of rendering any efficient service for several days ; " and sent ijfc about a mile and a half to the left, and nearer Culpeper ; where, in a wood, it lay a few days. The main body of the enemy fell back, on the 10th, towards the Kapidan. But this was not known ; and they left a sufficient show of force to hold the battle ground, take off their wounded, bury their dead, and pile up the muskets, where they lay on Monday when the truce was in force. 120 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. A few days afterwards, General Pope pushed for ward ; but General Banks s Corps was on the 12th sent back to Culpeper. There the Second remained six clays, with six line officers only (Lieutenant Brown immediately asked to be relieved from duty at General Banks s headquarters, and returned), with but one field officer, and with a staff of adjutant, quartermas ter, and chaplain. At Culpeper, Charles J. Mills (appointed second-lieutenant) joined for duty, and was assigned to Company D ; wounded severely at Antie- tam ; and subsequently killed in action. Dr. Robert Ware came out, also, to render temporary service, a noble man, who, when surgeon of the Forty-fourth Massachusetts, died at Washington, N.C., "a victim to his fidelity to duty." Friends from Massachusetts also came to the saddened camp. During this interval, General Pope was operating with his cavalry down towards the Rapidan, again occupying the line from Raccoon Ford to the Blue Ridge. But he soon learned by the re-enforcements coming to Jackson, that the enemy, relieved from the care of Richmond by the withdrawal of McClellan, was sending its entire force against General Pope. Then began the effort to delay the enemy, until the army from the Peninsula, coming up the Potomac, could unite with the Army of Virginia. On the 14th of August, came General Reno, with eight thousand men of the forces which had arrived at Falmouth under Burnside : and Pope pushed forward his whole force (except Gen eral Banks s Corps) towards the Rapidan. But it soon POPE S RETREAT. 121 became evident that this advanced line could not be maintained ; and, on the 18th, the whole army were put in motion back to the Rappahannock, which was to be held as long as possible, to embarrass and delay the enemy. 1 The trains moved first, and the whole force retired rapidly and handsomely. General Banks s Corps, on the evening of the 18th, moved a mile north of Culpeper, to have a fair start in the morning ; while, at Culpeper, railway trains were loading, wagons moving off, and sutlers in despair. On the 19th, by Brandy Station, and across the Rappahannock, to be stationed (the Second) a few rods south of the bridge. The 12th and 13th Massachusetts, in General McDow ell s Corps, were near neighbors. It was a pleasant sight, that evening, when ninety good-looking recruits filed in, under Sergeant Stone, 2 and their roll was called by the light of a candle. They were wanted. The next morning, the enemy s cavalry drove in the pickets on the other side, and everybody watched a pretty cavalry skirmish on the opposite plain. Nothing came of it. But, the next day, there commenced movings up and down. All the trains had been sent to the rear, and were safe. In the evening, the Second moved down the river a mile, and bivouacked in a shower. Waked by cannonade in the morning, and moved up the river (suffering for water in that miserable 1 General Reno, to move by way of Stevensburg to either Kelley s or Barnet s Ford; General Banks and General McDowell, to Rappahannock railway crossing; General Sigel, through Jefferson, to Sulphur Springs. 2 Now professor in Kenyon College. 122 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTEY. country) six miles to Beverly Ford, to relieve a regi ment of General SigeFs ; witnessed a lively fight about sunset, in a brilliant thunder-storm ; and bivouacked in the wet. General Gordon had been ordered to hold that ford. He^ posted Cothran s battery and the brigade, and waited sleeplessly. In the gray of the wet morning, he heard, with Colonel Kuger, a familiar sound : it was the noise of battery wheels. Soon the shot waked the men, and knocked over the regiment s rail fence. Colonel Andrews moved it a little to the right ; and General Gordon ordered the battery to open fire. The fog lifted a little, and Cothran knocked the enemy s guns to pieces; a second one shared the same fate, wheels breaking, guns falling. The enemy brought on a line of infantry, to get off their guns. Cothran s canister broke them, too ; having, himself, no man seriously hurt. The men of the regiment made and drank coffee, in the rain ; moved up the river ten miles to the sound of artillery, and bivouacked in a wet hollow a little before midnight, with "fires low." Next day, up by Sulphur Springs, round shot and shell cut the limbs overhead. The last two days, a diet of green corn, hard bread, fifty cents a piece, and rapidly rising, and a little meat scraped by a few men from bones left by another corps. Sheep were discovered ; and, after a lively skirmish, they surrendered. The next day, up to near Waterloo Bridge, by orders to help Sigel, who was fight ing ; got there, and saw some .fighting ; but Sigel "didn t POPE S RETREAT. 123 want" the corps, relying on his "jackass batterees," which were unfortunately lost. Back a mile or two, and stayed until next day ; then easterly, to near Warren- ton ; cannonade, and the sight, in the evening, of the burning hotel at Sulphur Springs. Next day, to near Bealeton Station, by way of Fayetteville ; the next, to near Catlett s ; the next, the 28th, to Kettle Eun ; and the next day was the first day of the second battle of Manassas. What all this moving was about, of course men in a regiment could not know. Nor did people at home know much ; for Pope had, at Rappahannock, prohib ited mails and despatches. The troops knew, however, that the enemy, while keeping us awake at every ford, was moving his forces steadily up the river. Their columns could sometimes be seen. General Pope at first held the river. Then he determined, on the 22d, to mass his force at and near Rappahannock Station, cross the river, and " fall on the flank and rear of the long column of the enemy " moving up the river ; but that night the rain swept off the bridges, and made the fords impassable. Then, on the 23d, Sigel, sup ported by Banks and Reno, moved to attack a force rumored to have crossed near Sulphur Springs ; the small force encountered at Great Run, two miles below Sulphur Springs, was driven across ; and General Mc Dowell was at Warrenton. On the night of the 22d, a force of the enemy s cavalry had crossed at Water loo, passed through Warrenton, and destroyed some of the wagons of General .Pope s own headquarter train ; 124 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTHY. Sigel and Banks keeping on to Waterloo. The enemy were still moving northward : Jackson passed through Thoroughfare Gap, and was in the rear. Then Pope determined to crush Jackson, and moved towards Manassas : here a brisk engagement on the evening of the 28th, between King s Division, McDowell s Corps, and Jackson s advance, in which each held his ground. An attempt to hold Thoroughfare Gap, to keep Jackson isolated ; but it was a failure. And, on the 29th, the attack on Jackson, which ought to have succeeded ; but did not, why, is matter of history. Then the battle of the 30th, when the enemy had re-enforced Jackson ; and its result. During these battles, the Second, as did General Banks s Corps, lay idle, in hearing of the fire. Al though forming the extreme left, it was not brought into action. Why, nobody could tell. But General Banks s Corps was in the position necessary to guard that flank. He was then ordered to protect the trains from Warrenton Junction to Manassas, also. T The very important duty devolved upon Major- General Banks, the Major-General commanding the Army of Virginia feels assured that he will dis charge with intelligence, courage, and fidelity." Of course he would. He was to protect wagon-trains, railway-trains, see to rebuilding bridges, get the sick safely away from Warrenton, etc. ; and burn trains and locomotives, if necessary. So, after hearing the sound of the fighting on the 29th, the Second that evening moved a mile, and bivouacked under the lee of a grave- POPE S RETREAT. 125 yard. It was thought that the army was threatened in that direction. On the 30th, moved four miles on, toward the high ground on the north bank of the Broad Run, and bivouacked in a rain-storm. Then, on the 31st, after orders to destroy baggage, and even ambu lances, which were saved on condition they should not delay the march a moment, recrossed the run, saw a long line of cars in flames, from which the men saved a few things, where quantities of saddles, stationery, clothing, and muskets, went to the flames, orders allowing nothing to be taken, not even the mus kets of which our musketless recruits needed one apiece ; passed through Brentsville, forded the rapidly rising Occoquan ; and at noon had safely reached Bull Run, after a detour of twenty miles to accomplish four direct, without a halt, for the Second led. At the end of the twenty miles, saw men leisurely coming over the four miles, from which no enemy had been visible. But the army, .shattered and pursued by a victorious enemy, was not to remain at Centreville. The Second, with its corps, moved on the next day to near Fairfax Court-house, by the old Braddock Road. In the even ing, it was again under fire. The enemy were en deavoring to turn Hooker s right, near Chantilly. The battle was fought in a severe thunder-storm. The division, in which was the Second, were in line, to the rear of Reno ; and the enemy s fire passed overhead. The enemy was repulsed; but Kearney and Stevens fell. 126 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. The brigade was afterwards ordered back to Fairfax, to assist in bringing off stores. The order, not dated, was undoubtedly intended for an earlier period. The uselessness of the attempt was apparent : " the enemy are there in force." But the order had to be obeyed. Back some miles, "Where are you going?" said the commander of the rear guard of the army. " To Fair fax." "Look there!" There was the rebel army; and, to reach Fairfax, the brigade would have to cut its way for miles, as everybody knew before it started. So, on the 2d, to near Alexandria ; and on the 3d, to the shadow of Fort Albany. The daily movements from Culpeper to the defences of Washington had become history. General Banks s conduct had been " marked by great coolness, intrepidity, and zeal." "To confront with a small army," says General Pope, "vastly supe- .rior forces ; to fight battles without hope of victory, but only to gain time, and to embarrass, and delay the forward movement of the enemy, is of all duties the most hazardous and the most difficult which can be imposed upon any general and any army. ... It was only by constant movement, by incessant watchfulness, and hazardous skirmishes and battles, that the forces under my command were not overwhelmed; while, at the same time, the enemy was embarrassed, and delayed in his advance upon Washington, until the forces from the peninsula were at length assembled for the defence of the city." This tells the whole story, as to the object of the campaign. The Army of Virginia had, in securing POPE S RETREAT. 127 this object, met with a series of disasters. Who is responsible for them belongs to general history. There was no fault in the men of that army. Heroism has never been displayed more brilliant than that of the officers and men. Greater endurance, more patriotic sacrifice, or a loftier patriotism, is not to be found. But the commanding general it is useless to ignore the fact never had the confidence of his men. When, therefore, on the 2d of September, "Major General McClellan will have command of the fortifica tions of Washington, and of all the troops for the defence of the Capital," a thrill of joy went through the army. The dispirited troops became enthusiastic, and their columns were again invincible. The Army of Virginia had ceased to exist. 128 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. XI. ANTIETAM. ON the 2d of September, General McClellan took command. The army was in front of Washington, on the south side of the Potomac. On the 3d, the enemy had disappeared. The General was satisfied that the rebels intended to cross the upper Potomac, into Mary land : and he ordered, that day, the Second and Twelfth Corps (Banks s Corps under a new numbering, officially announced on September 12th) to Tenallytown, above Washington ; the Ninth Corps to Seventh Street road, Washington ; and sent cavalry to the fords near Pools- ville. General Banks, who had not recovered from his injury received at Cedar Mountain, was left in command at Washington. So, on the 4th of September, the Second, passing over the bridge at Georgetown, left Virginia for the third time, and camped a mile or two above Tenally town. The next day moved to a brook a mile and a half above Eockville. There the corps, Brigadier-Gene ral Williams in command, was attached to General Sumner s force. Here the troops were in line of battle, and were there four days. Sumner, commanding the ANTIETAM. 129 Second and Twelfth Corps, formed the centre ; Burn- side, with the First and Ninth, on our right ; and Couch, the left, on the river. It was necessary to move with caution. The enemy was known to be in force in Maryland, but whether it was for a movement on Baltimore was unknown. "It may be the enemy s object," telegraphed General Halleck, "to draw off the mass of our forces, and then attempt to attack from the Virginia side of the Poto mac." "Positive information . . . that the line is cut, corroborates the idea that the enemy is recrossing the Potomac," said the President. " Until you know more certainly the enemy s force south of the Potomac," telegraphed General Halleck on the 13th, "you are wrong in thus uncovering the capital. I am of the opinion that the enemy will send a small column towards Pennsylvania to draw your forces in that direction, then suddenly move on Washington with the forces south of the Potomac, and those he may cross over." Against this pressure, however, McClellan, when satisfied that the enemy was in front, moved forward. A few days had re-organized the army, and partially renewed its supplies ; and confidence had been established. On the 9th, the whole army moved, Burnside, on the right, to Brook ville ; Sumner, in the centre, to Damascus and Clarksburg; Franklin, on the left, to Barnesville and Poolsville. The troops moved in great parallels, the Twelfth Corps being in three such columns. The Second was at Middle brook, the night of the 9th ; near Damascus, the next ; still 9 130 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. nearer on the llth ; half a mile from Ijamsville, on the Baltimore and Ohio Kailway, on the 12th; and on the 13th, after fording our old acquaintance, the Mono- cacy, camped half a mile south of Fredericktovvn. On that day, an order of Lee s, fully disclosing his plans, fell into the hands of General McClellan. Hooker s Corps was at Frederick, and Sumner s and Sykes s Division. It had been thought that it would be neces sary to force the line of the Monocacy, but a portion of Burnside s command had entered Frederick, after a sharp skirmish, the day before ; and he was now at Middletown, having carried the Catoctin range on the other side of Frederick. The enemy, who had swarmed in Frederick, held the Blue Kidge beyond, with his army near Boonsborough, except the force which was operating against Harper s Ferry. General McClellan gave orders for a " rapid and vigorous forward move ment." On the 14th, General McClellan ordered, "In the event of an engagement with the enemy, no man will be permitted to leave the ranks to take wounded to the rear. Wounded men will be borne off the field by hospital attendants and ambulance men only." This made no change in the Second. On Sunday, the 14th, on the road at 8, A.M. It was a slow movement, getting through the well-known streets of Frederick, while the sabbath bells were ring ing, and flags were gaily flying. Division after division went through the town, with endless batteries, and long trains. Beyond town, there were long halts in ANTIETAM. 131 tiresome places. Columns abreast, in woods, or through fields. Obstacles from trains. Up and across the Catoctin, and down into the beautiful Middletown valley, as lovely a spot as war ever laid hands upon. On by-roads and no roads ; halt before sunset on a pleasant slope, and coffee just cooking, when orders started all on again. Middletown was on our left. By every point of the compass in turn, to find a way. Through cornfields, in the dark, where one could not touch the top of the stalks by standing in the stirrups. Through brooks, and by and by, the rapid Catoctin ; then over. Men were taking off shoes and stockings ; but " Forward ! " said the colonel, and on the regiment went. An hour on the damp bank, while, in the night mist, hundreds of fires were blazing dull. Then, near midnight, on again ; by a road to the left into a hollow ; and, tired with sixteen hours on the road, dinnerless and supperless, cross and cold, lay down to rest on the slope of South Mountain, at the old Sharpsburg road ; in position to support, if necessary, the centre and left. All day we had heard the sound of artillery, forward. Sometimes it was the dull, heavy booming of a single gun ; and again, the swelling roar of batteries. Far off to the southwest, in the afternoon, Franklin s guns were at work to carry Crampton s Pass, which was accomplished ; and which would have relieved Harper s Ferry, but for its disgraceful surrender early the next morning. Directly in front was the brilliant fight for the possession of Turner s Gap. Through that Gap 132 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. ran the National Eoad : there was Gibbon. About a mile north of it was the " old Hagerstown Road : " there was Hooker. Half a mile south of the National Road was the " old Sharpsburg Road :" there was Reno. On the right and left was the firing we heard, joined at the proper time by that in the centre. After sunset, the flashes of the guns along the crests, with puffs of smoke, were visible. It was ten o clock at night before the flashes ceased. They had been long silent when the Second bivouacked. The pass had been virtually gained. But it was known that at 3, A.M., the Twelfth Corps were to be under arms to finish the work. But they were not wanted. It was broad sunlight when the men awoke. Orderlies were passing up and down. Burnside the victorious, that day came by, and received the spontaneous cheers of the troops. The enemy had hurried off from their last position, in the night. A hurried visit up the road found their dead, who, behind the stone wall, lay piled on each other as they had fallen under the fire of the infantry who had gallantly worked their way up the hill. It was a victory ; but Reno was dead. That morning General Mansfield arrived, and took command of the Twelfth Corps. It was not without regret that the Corps thus finally parted with General Banks. It had been made a corps, it had won its historic glory, under him. Faithful, sagacious, and kind, they wished him well. The white-haired, brave, conscientious veteran who succeeded, had, alas ! but three days of further service, before he fell. ANTIETAM. 133 The brigade had some changes. The new troops of the raising of that summer had been distributed, and to the brigade were assigned, at Rockville, the 13th New Jersey, and the 107th New York. They were to have a rough introduction, but they endured it well ; and were to stand bravely with the Second, and its comrades of Wisconsin and Indiana, for more than two years. General Gordon still commanded, and for temporary service as aid came Charles R. Train, a Massachusetts Congressman. He plunged at once into the hardships of veterans, and bore well his trial of fire at Antietam. On the morning after South Mountain, moved on. Passing northward through the fields, came upon the National Road, and went through the Gap. On the road, suddenly McClellan appeared. As the column moved to the side of the road, caps flew in the air, and shouts and cheers rolled up as from one man. They believed in McClellan. Passing through Boonsborough, and turning to the left out of town, bivouacked a few miles south. On Tuesday morning, orders to move. "You are going immediately into battle," said Mans field. But he was mistaken. A mile and a half off, halted under the crest of a hill. It was a beautiful sight to see scores of thousands of men closely massed in the broad fields. The sound of firing comes from somewhere. "Don t you want to ride forward?" asks the colonel after an hour or two of waiting. r? Yes, sir." Permission is had : over one crest and valley, and up on a second ; there are batteries. Now and 134 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. then an occasional shot, and returned ; just for amuse ment probably. Over at the edge of that wood, are the rebel guns, but no infantry visible. "Whiz ! " a bullet : it comes from a sharpshooter behind that sol itary tree down in front ; and another, from another tree. The colonel leisurely lifts his field-glass, and takes a survey. At last, "Don t you want to look? Not at all ; rather fall back ; but afraid to say so, and the Butternuts are inspected. Movements were going on that day, but who knew what for? Certainly not men in a regiment. Trains were hurrying along. Ammunition was distributed. Troops were slowly moved hither and thither. At night the Second went to sleep. But about ten o clock, P.M., came low, quiet orders to make ready to move instantly. Not ten minutes afterwards, General Mans field came along. " When will you be ready? " said he. "Keady now, sir." "You are ! Well, I like that : but you are the only brigade ready." "Fall in." The regiment soon reached a macadamized road, or what seemed like it ; went through a village guessed to be Keedysville, and across the Antietam ; got a little wet in the rain ; turned into somebody s field, and lay down in the darkness, on the border of the bloody ground which was the next day to be immortalized as ANTIETAM. It was just gray dawn, and misty, when the rattling fire of skirmishers broke the last slumbers of thousands. Then came the dull sound of a heavy gun. Then a roar of artillery. Hooker was at work, just in front. ANTIETAM. 135 How he kept at work, drove Jackson from his first line and dealt heavy blows at his second, crossed the pike road and came near the church, belongs to general history. When the Second was roused from its slumbers by the opening fire, it found itself in the midst of the regiments of the right wing. A few yards off was a dwelling house, Hoffman s. An hour passed, possibly, who could estimate time then ? while Hooker s battle was fiercely raging. Then came an order to move. General Gordon s Brigade, formed in columns of battalions closed in mass, moved over the low ground, bearing a little towards the right. Partly up the slope, it was halted in somebody s cornfield, not the cornfield of the battle, and the men soon began to build fires and make coffee. The coffee was not ready when orders came to move on. Hooker was near the church, but was severely met. "Tell Mansfield to send up a division." Williams s Division was put in motion, Crawford s Brigade, the right ; Gordon s, the left. Greene s Division also advanced, on the left of Wil liams s. Up the slope, over high ground and across lower ground to a thin belt of woods. Here, hit by w%^^9ft a luiiidolfMwiIlet, Mansfield fell ; and Williams led the corps. An aide came with directions to move with all possible despatch. The sound of the musketry was steadily approaching. The cheers of the exultant enemy were heard. General Gordon moved three regiments, the Second, the 3d Wisconsin, and the 27th Indiana, by the flank, at double-quick, gradually 136 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. gaining deployment distance. The 13th New Jersey, Colonel Carman, was in reserve ; and the 107th New York, Colonel Van Valkenburg, was in reserve in a piece of woods at the left, detached from the line. The three regiments were put in line. Their position was about east from Miller s house. To the left and front was a piece of woods, before reaching the pike road ; and a cornfield, the cornfield. Nearly in front of that was the Twenty-seventh Indiana ; on their right, the Third Wisconsin ; then, a battery ; and then, the Second. To the right and front of the battery, was the orchard : a fence surrounding it ran directly forward from a point just to the right of the battery, and about thirty yards onward turned, almost at a right angle, to the right again. Following the line of that fence, and in the edge of the orchard, was the Second ; its line turning, so that its left was at right angles with the brigade line, its right facing the pike. The battery opened furiously. The musketry was instantly at work, and the savage fire of the brigade checked the foe. The tide was stayed. But the enemy as yet held their ground. The Second was hardly injured, but the brave men of Wisconsin and Indiana were suffering severely. Colonel Ruger, of the Third Wisconsin, sent for relief to Colonel Andrews. At a glance that officer saw the remedy. Moving some cf his companies from the right to the left, and chang ing front slightly, so that the regimental line was nearly at right angles to the line of the brigade, Colonel Andrews ordered fire upon the enemy opposite ASTTIETAM. 137 the Third Wisconsin. Under this cross fire, the enemy, terribly shattered, broke. 1 With cheers the whole line followed, dashing after the fleeing rebels through the cornfield, and over the wounded and dead there, the Second capturing the flag of the llth Mississippi, which was seized by Sergeant Wheat, of Co. E, into the open ground ; and the Dunker church was in sight, over to the left. Then the rebels had disap peared in the woods beyond the pike road, and the line halted. Soon Sumner s Corps came on. The men of the Second lay down, while Sumner s men passed over them. That corps dashed on with cheers. 2 General Sumner ordered General Gordon to support him. The brigade being divided, wnile the 3d Wisconsin and 27th Indiana, both of which had suffered severely, lay behind a slight ridge, and the 107th New Yo*rk was some distance yet to the left, the Second and the 13th New Jersey (on its left) moved up to the road, crossed the first fence, and formed behind the second one. Cap tain Morse, with company B, crossed the second fence. This was but a few rods above the church, at the open ground. Sumner s corps was not visible. When soldiers appeared in the woods opposite, there was doubt who they were. w Show your colors ! " said Colonel Andrews to the color-bearer. Color-Sergeant i " The brunt of the battle," says Esten Cooke of the movement of which this was a ,part, " was evidently here." The rebel troops engaged were E well s. "i- " Jackson would have been forced in a short time to retire, when his own re-enforcements reached the field." Esten Cooke. 138 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Lundy waved his flag. It was greeted by a shower of bullets. Fire was then opened and continued. But, as the smoke lifted, the small force found itself alone. On the left, no troops were visible : on the right, the left of the next corps had given way. The enemy were sheltered in woods and behind rocks, and were in great force. They comprised Semmes s, Anderson s, and the Stonewall Brigades, and portions of the divisions of Barksdale and McLaws. The flagstaff was broken, the flag riddled, the socket shot away from the color- bearer s belt. The brave D wight was mortally wounded. A fourth of the men had soon fallen, and they were rapidly dropping. Suffering much more than the enemy could, and unsupported, the order was given, and the regiment fell back to the woods behind, thus uncovering the batteries. Cothran s and Woodruff s guns opened beautifully, and the advancing line of the enemy hastily took shelter again. The One Hundred and Seventh New York was supporting Cothran s Battery. " This fine regiment, but just organized and brought into the field, in this battle for the first time under fire, moved with steadiness to its perilous position, and maintained its ground until recalled, though exposed to front fire from the enemy, and a fire over its head from batteries in the rear." l The Thirteenth New Jer sey, also a new regiment, was sent to General Greene, who was gallantly holding a position to the left, and received from him high commendation. 1 General Gordon s Report. ANTIETAM. 139 The main work of the Second, for the day, was done. It was moved a little distance down the slope by and by ; and, while listening to Burnside s battle on the extreme left, kindled fires, and took its food. General Crawford having been wounded, General Gordon commanded the division ; and Colonel Rugef, the -brigade. Late in the afternoon, the brigade was in line of battle in support of General Newton s Brigade of General Franklin s Corps. In the evening, the brigade was moved to the support of a battery some where, and there it passed the night. 1 During this day, Surgeon Leland had been skilfully and steadily at work at one of the hospitals. Assistant- Surgeon Stone, near the regiment, had nobly won his subsequent promotion. The attendants had carried back the wounded tenderly. The line had been sadly shortened. Not so great losses in numbers as at fatal Cedar Mountain. But Dwight was mortally wounded, the brilliant, brave, generous, kind-hearted. " Mind, I don t flinch a hair ! " i " I owe especial thanks," says General Gordon, "to the Hon. Charles R. Train [M. C.], who volunteered his services on my staff at a time when fatiguing labor and most arduous service had deprived me of all my aides save one officer. This gentleman has also shown his willingness to lay down his life in his country s cause. The invasion of the loyal North called him from his congressional duties and his home, at a moment s notice. No fatigues, though excessive, no danger, though most perilous, detained him from moving forward whenever he could render assistance." " To Captain Charles Wheaton, jun., my aide, I am again indebted." Of the Second, the 3d Wisconsin, and the 27th Indiana, he said, " Veterans of Winchester and Cedar Mountain, they can add to their laurels the battle of Antietam Creek." "The 107th New York and the 13th New Jersey. . . . fought like veterans." 140 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. said he, while lying on a stretcher ; sending the sur geon to relieve the wounded lying around, or telling his attendants to give water to the thirsty men ; calling the drum corps to play "The Star-spangled Banner" once more, next day ; and asking to have the Flag waved again before his dying eyes, dying in Christian peace, and to sleep with his kindred. Dillon, of B ; Bennett, of C ; Balcom and Isaac Childs, of D ; Richardson, "\Vynn, and Treen, of E; First Sergeant Martin, of F ; Brown (Thomas) , Donnovan, and Remick, of H, were dead. Dustin, of A ; Cady, of B ; Cheney and Whyte, of D ; and Remick, of G, were mortally wounded. Fifty more were wounded. 1 Besides D wight, three officers only were wounded, Captain Francis, First Lieutenant Crowninshield, and First Lieutenant Mills ; the latter very severely, while acting adjutant. Of the less than three hundred in action, twenty-five per cent were killed or wounded. 1 The losses of the brigade were as follows: Killed. Wounded. Missing. 2d Massachusetts 15 50 3d Wisconsin 27 173 27th Indiana 18 192 107th New York 7 51 5 13th New Jersey .7 75 21 The losses of the corps were, according to General McClellan s Report, as follows : OFFICERS. ENLISTED MEN. Killed. Wounded. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Aggregate 1st Division, Williams s . 9 35 151 827 54 1076 2d Division, Green s . . 6 26 107 481 30 650 Artillery - 1 15 1 17 Total 15 61 259 1323 85 1743 General McClellan gives the force of the corps at 10,126. ANTIETAM. 141 But when " Carle ton " 2 came along the next morning, and asked, " How are your men, colonel?" "All right. They had a pretty hard time yesterday, but they feel well. We expect to advance in a few moments." On the morning of the 18th, the position of the whole division was slightly changed, farther to the right , supporting General Franklin. The morning sun looked down brightly on the dying and the dead. Would it witness a renewal of the fight? The struggle of the day before had been the wrestling of two mighty ath letes, in which neither had actually overthrown the other. But the fruits of the battle were undoubtedly with McClellan. He had taken the army when it was disgusted and dispirited ; organized it ; supplied it ; and by the magic of his presence made it invincible. He had attacked the enemy in his own position, and, with many of his regiments just hurried to the field, had stopped Lee s triumphant progress. The invasion of the North was finished, and Lee s "Maryland cam paign was a failure." 2 Whether McClellan should risk losing all he had gained, in the hope of destroying the rebel army, was a question that day. It probably always will be a question. But the Second Massachu- 2 I acknowledge myself greatly indebted to Mr. Coffin s account of the battle of Antietam, for his thorough survey of the ground and study of the contest has enabled me to find the relative position of the Second towards other troops and movements. Indeed, so far as his letters covered ground familiar to me, I know of no correspondent or army historian superior, if equal, to this writer, in comprehensiveness, general accuracy, faithfulness, or vividness. 2 Pollard (II. p. 141), who occasionally tells the truth. 142 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. setts had nothing to do but obey orders ; and the orders to advance never came. But during that day, expected re-enforcements arrived. Some of the more than six thousand men of Hooker, who should re-appear a few days afterwards, had begun to return to the six thousand who had remained in the line of duty ; and in other corps a similar result was beginning. Batteries which were totally out of ammunition were replenished. And, in the evening, orders were given to renew the attack at daylight! But when the morning came, the enemy had recrossed the river. The army moved to the neighborhood of Harper s Ferry. What operations immediately followed the battle, belong to other histories. THE WINTER. 143 XII. THE WINTER. THE Second, two days after the battle, went to Browns ville ; and on the 20th, to Maryland Heights ; on the 21st, to Pleasant Valley ; and on the 22d, back to Mary land Heights, where it camped near its old ground of the preceding August, in Unsell s field. The place did not look natural. The land had been stripped of its trees ; and the old paths to the spring, and down to the river, were bald and shelterless. Colonel Andrews was sent over the river into Loudon Valley, to command a brigade. What the waiting of the army was for, who can decide? General McClellan said it was for supplies. People at Washington said he had them. However it was, five weeks after the battle, our wagons were still going down to Sandy Hook Station for the clothing which did not come. On the 25th of September, Colonel Ruger, of the Third Wisconsin, was in command of the brigade. On the 6th of October, officers from the divisions were detailed to the new Ambulance Department ; and on the 16th, its regimental ambulances were turned in. On 144 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. the 15th, Major -General Henry W. Slocum was assigned to the command of the Twelfth Corps. It is needless to say that this gallant soldier obtained and kept the hearty respect and confidence of the Second. 1 The army passed into Virginia, to correspond with Lee s movements. But a division or more had to remain to guard the upper Potomac, and in the one chosen was the Second. So, on the 29th of October, it marched up the river to Antietam. Iron Works, and on the 30th, to Blackburn s Ford (that by which Lee had retreated), near Sharpsburg ; to remain, it proved, five or six weeks. The ford was diligently watched, and some defences thrown up, overlooking it. General 1 Henry Wadsworth Slocum was born in Delphi, Onondaga, N.Y., Sept. 24, 1827; son of Matthew B. and Mary (Ostrander) Slocum. His father was a native of Rhode Island ; his mother, of Albany, N. Y. He entered the Military Academy at West Point, in June, 1848, and graduated in 1852, seventh in the standing of his class. He was commissioned, July 1, 1852, brevet second lieutenant, and attached to the First Regiment of Artillery; became second lieutenant, in 1853, and first lieutenant, in March, 1855. On the 31st of October, 1856, he resigned his commission, settled at Syra cuse, and engaged in the practice of law. On the breaking out of the war, he applied for a commission as captain of artillery in the regular service, but, failing to receive the appointment, accepted the colonelcy of the Twenty- seventh New-York Volunteers; was in the battle of Bull Run; and was appointed brigadier-general of Volunteers, Aug. 9, 1861. Was in com mand of a division on the Peninsula, and was promoted to be a major-general from the 4th of July, 1862 ; was in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, after which he was placed in command of the Twelfth Corps. He commanded this corps at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and in^Ten- nessee. "When, in the fall of 1863, the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated as the Twentieth, under Hooker, General Slocum was ordered to Vicksburg. When General Hooker, disliking the promotion of Howard, quitted the army of the Cumberland, General Slocum was placed in com mand of the Twentieth Corps. In the great march to Savannah, he led the left wing. He left the army after the close of the war. A modest, skilful, brave general ; and a courteous gentleman. THE WINTER. 145 Morell commanded the division ; and General Gordon s brigade had a long stretch of river to guard. It took a third of the regiment regularly for picket duty. But the men made themselves as comfortable as they could, and "built a city." The usual quiet was broken only two or three times. Once was when Gen eral Slocum, commanding at Harper s Ferry, sent information, Nov. 14, that " All the reports brought to these headquarters go to prove that Jackson returned to Winchester last Monday; that he has a large force with him ; that a portion of A. P. Hill s command also returned to a point between Winchester and Berry ville on Tuesday. If these reports are true, the enemy probably contemplate another raid into Maryland at some point above your position, or an attack on your position. " If an attack is made here in strong force, I shall endeavor to concentrate my command on Maryland Heights .... I am aware that you [General Gordon] are not under my command, and, of course, [I] have no authority to give any directions to you. I deem it important, however," &c. Nothing came of this. But a little expedition enlivened the quiet. The guerilla, Burke, had com mitted a few murders, just to keep his hand in. His last exploit was to have some women, purporting to be refugees, come to the river s bank, and entice over a citizen, apparently to bring them across. The citizen went over, and Captain Burke killed him. On a night in November, Captain Cogswell, then command ing the Second, crossed cautiously with sixty men, and by a circuitous march entered Shepardstown just after midnight. The houses where Burke was accustomed to 10 146 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. visit were found by the help of a guide, and were surrounded. In one of them were Burke and five of his gang. The villain was dressed and armed, and the horses stood saddled, for a plundering expedition. As the men were preparing to enter, an inmate sprang from a door, and attempted to escape. Captain Cogswell twice ordered him to stop, and then told a couple men to fire. A ball entered the rebel s heart. It proved to be Burke. The other five were captured, and horses, arms, and important papers, brought away. The next day, Captain Cogswell went over again with the same men and some cavalry, occupied the town, arrested some traitors they were after, paroled officers and men in hospital, captured some arms, and came back leisurely. On the 27th of November was Thanksgiving Day. There was public worship, of course. There were quoits and ball, and some "tried the speed" of horses. There were turkeys, geese, chickens, and plum-pud dings, all through the camp. Absent officers returned home to dine. Some ladies, part of whom came from Chambersburg, thirty-five miles off, brought gifts for the hospital ; home-made bread, butter, jellies, fruits, pillows, and the like. "They have their reward." But that night a sick man died. "I wanted to go home before I died," said he, " but I hope I am going to a better home." While at this place, Colonel Andrews left the regi ment. Appointed brigadier-general, Nov. 9, 1862, he accompanied General Banks to New Orleans. The THE WINTER. 147 loss to the regiment was severe ; but it could not com plain. He had been wonderfully efficient in the origi nal training of the regiment ; had led it in the valley after Jackson, in Banks s retreat, at Cedar Mountain, in Pope s retreat, and at Antietam, skilfully and bravely. To the last day of its service, the Second showed the impression of the indomitable will, and rigid sense of duty, of Colonel Andrews. Captain Cogswell remained in command, as Samuel M. Quincy, who was commissioned colonel (he was a captain when he parted from the regiment at Cedar Mountain), was a prisoner, and, for quite a period, disabled by the wounds received on that melancholy day. Here Sur geon Leland resigned, on account of ill health, and Assistant Surgeon Stone received his well-merited pro motion. The loss of officers at Cedar Mountain had made necessary the appointment of several lieutenants. The continual movements of the regiment, and some delay in the forwarding of commissions, prevented the actual filling of most of the vacancies until October. The promotions to second lieutenants, to date the day fol lowing Cedar Mountain, were these : John F. George, the gallant color-bearer at Cedar Mountain ; Nathan D. A. Sawyer, who had a ball through the body at Winchester, and was again to be badly wounded in Georgia; George L. Binney, the quartermaster ser geant, long an efficient officer on General Euger s Staff; and James K. Stone, sergeant in C, afterwards dis abled in the line of duty. Second Lieutenant Gerald 148 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Fitzgerald, from the Twelfth Massachusetts, where he was sergeant-major, an accomplished soldier and brave man, had joined near Alexandria in Pope s retreat : he was to be buried on the battlefield of Chancellorsville. Messrs. Binney and Stone were not assigned to companies until November, near Sharps- burg. The others had been assigned in October. At Sharpsburg, joined George A. Thayer, appointed from civil life ; who was faithfully identified with the history of. the regiment from that time till its return, or the end of the war. The deaths of Lieutenant-Colonels Dwight and Sav age made vacancies. In October, Commissary-Sergeant Erastus B. Carll, an experienced soldier who had served from 1850 to 1855 in the regular army ; and Theodore K. Parker, first sergeant of D, by and by to be wounded, were promoted second lieutenants. The resignation of Captain Choate (rendered necessary by disease contracted in the faithful discharge of duty, disease against which he long struggled, and which caused his death in 1866) made a vacancy, for which Henry N. Comey, sergeant in G, was promoted second lieutenant, afterwards to be wounded; and, on the appointment of Colonel Andrews as brigadier- general, Denis Mehan, the brave first sergeant of C, was promoted second lieutenant, by and by to be wounded. The months spent near Sharpsville were useful. The discipline of the Second was sustained : it could hardly be improved. The whole of the brigade was put in a THE WINTER. 149 state of great efficiency, for which General Gordon labored with the same energy and skill which had marked his care of the Second. The new regiments, particularly, were instructed and drilled in a manner to fit them to become the veterans for which time only was the additional necessity. Suddenly there came orders to move. The next day (Dec. 12), the regiment left its huts and cabins. They were good ; but the owners, being about to leave town, had no further use for them. There was a march of eight days on hand. Ordered to be at Antietam IronWorks, at 9, A.M. ; were there at 8.50. At 9.15, a message, that noon would be early enough, because other regiments had miles to come. (General Gordon was not in command : his health had failed.) Waited in the cold until half-past one, studying pig-iron, and snowballing. Bivouacked at night, piling cornstalks on the snow, and topping off with pine-branches. On ice next day. Crossed the Potomac at Harper s Ferry ; and the Shenandoah. Went round the north face of Loudon Heights ; up the hill on the eastern side, and waited five or six hours. "Your men are taking my fences," complained an excited owner. " Yes." " Isn t it hard for me to lose my fences ?" "Yes ; but it would be a good deal harder for my men to be cold," said our sensible commander. Moved on by jerks ; followed a regiment that had got tired of waiting through mud, ice, and half-frozen brooks ; and bivouacked. Thought the country was in a very bad way, until after supper. Dec. 14, reveille at 3, A.M. ; waited till half- 150 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. past one, P.M. ; then orders to fall in ; in five minutes, orders to "fall" out; in five minutes more, orders to fall in. Went through the pretty stone village of Hillsborough, located in a cleft of the " Short Hills." Waited two hours for some cavalry to trot off after a wagon captured by guerillas, who also captured two foragers from the Second ; and bivouacked near Lees- bury, on the western slope of the Catoctin. Next day, reveille at 4, A.M., and, in intense astonishment, actu ally started at half-past six. Went through Leesburg ; and a little beyond Gum Spring discovered straw, and slept luxuriously, guerillas being driven off in the rear. Next day, ordered to start at 5, A.M., and actually discovered the regiment to lead did start. Entered Fairfax in the afternoon, and learned of the repulse at Fredericksburg. Went to Fairfax Station, over a corduroy road, and bivouacked in a pine wood, where fallen and tangled trees put to flight any ap proach to a regimental line ; having had rations issued. Flour had been given out for the march ! The next day (17th), reveille at 5, A.M. ; rear regiment guarding supply train ; roads the worst possible ; forded the Occoquan, climbed the hill still crowned with last win ter s rebel earth-works, and bivouacked; rain, cold and drenching, towards morning. Moved on : roads worse than possible, a sea of floating mud ; made three miles in five hours, and wagons the same distance in ten hours ; at noon, settled down in a thick, warm pine-wood. The next morning, turned northward again, because rebel cavalry were threatening Fairfax THE WINTER. 151 Station. The whole division went back, in a snow- squall ; wishing that the folks at home who wanted a winter campaign would come and try it. Halted near the station, and had word, "Put your regiment into the wood, stack arms, and wait for orders." It was done, and we waited nine days, shelterless in the bitter cold ; part of the reserve Grand Division under Sigel. News came that -the enemy had taken Dumfries, three regiments, and two pieces of artillery. So, "ready to move at any moment, in light marching- order," which we took as a hint after former expe riences to go to bed. But, next morning, on to Wolf-Run Shoals ; then orderlies came. News true as to Dumfries, except that the enemy had not taken the place nor any regiment nor any artillery. But " they had occupied Fairfax Station, captured our camp and baggage, and paroled the guards." By and by, "the enemy were attacking, but our guard was fighting bravely." Then, "the enemy were going to attack, and, if they did, our men would have to fight." Then, "the enemy were not near the station at all." They went to Burke s Station, and telegraphed to Washing ton for "a better lot of mules." Bivouacked, the water, solid ice in canteens in. the morning ; and marched back to the camp. General Slocum took command of the corps to which, as already noticed, he had been assigned ; a good general, a brave, judicious, and able soldier. Nothing happened here except the building of a beautiful log-camp, twelve houses to a company : one 152 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. thing besides, the quartermaster imitated the sounds of a locomotive so nicely that his horse ran away with him. Lieutenant-Colonel Cogswell was sick, and Major Mudge was in command. On the 19th of January, 1863, the regiment left its elegant camp, receiving afterwards a very polite note from the officers of the regiment which inherited it. General Hooker had been appointed in place of General Burnside, assuming command Jan. 26, 1863, and the \vhole force moved towards the Rappahannock. A horrible march of five days, of which " Dumfries " is enough to freshen recollection, brought the Second to Stafford Court-house, a flourishing town of two dwel lings, a court-house, and a jail. Here the regiment remained from Jan. 23 to April 27. Here Colonel Quincy returned (March 6), though not fully recovered. Drill, and officers recitations, went on. Men returned, including many of the " Smoketown Brigade." Health improved. Fresh bread and vegetables eventually came. General Hooker put life into- the army. Inspections were frequent, and reviews occasional, one of which was before the President. A special examination found only eleven regiments in the ariny worthy of high commendation. Of the eleven, three were the First, Second, and Twentieth Massa chusetts. Lieutenants Browning and Miller had been discharged in December, never having recovered from the severe wounds received at Cedar Mountain, and both went into the Invalid Corps (since known as the THE WINTER. 153 Veteran Reserve Corps) . Captain Russell left in Jan uary, to become colonel of the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry. Lieutenant Stone was disabled by disease, and resigned in January. Adjutant Shelton, who had gone with General Andrews in November, was ap pointed commissary of subsistence, in February. Lieu tenant Mills was discharged in March, never having fully recovered from his wounds of Antietam. Captain Bangs was forced by malarious disease to resign in March. Captain Shaw left in April, to command the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts ; and to sleep at Wagner. Surgeon Stone was transferred to the Fifty-fourth Mas sachusetts, with Shaw. So the list was passing away ; and with it the roll of enlisted men. Assistant-Surgeon Heath received his merited promo tion, to be surgeon, until he should die in front of Atlanta. James Wightman came from Massachusetts, as assistant-surgeon, a faithful man, to work himself to death in a few weeks. To the second lieutenancies were appointed William E. Perkins? a sergeant in the Forty-fourth Massachusetts, afterwards wounded at Chancellors ville ; George J. Thompson, a first sergeant in the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts to be wounded by and by ; Henry Van Dyke Stone, sergeant in C, who was to fall at Gettysburg ; James W. Cook, first sergeant of A, wounded at Cedar Mountain ; Francis H. Lundy, color-sergeant, an old Crimean, soldier, who had gallantly borne the colors at Antietam ; Charles W. Thomas, sergeant in G; and Albert W. Mann, sergeant-major. There were to be no more 154 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. appointed second lieutenants (save the complimentary promotions in 1865) ; the ranks were to be too thin to allow it, from Chancellors ville, which was close at hand. General Gordon, too poor in health to remain, was transferred to other parts of the service. Partially recovering his health, he afterwards served at Folly Island, at Norfolk, and elsewhere ; and was breveted major-general. He served until the close of the war. Yet, in higher command (once of a department), doubtless he felt that he had done no better work than was seen in the Second Massachusetts, and in the men it sent from its ranks and its roll of officers to com mands elsewhere. If he had done nothing else, his record is in what the Second was, and what it did. Brigadier-General Ruger 1 was assigned to the brigade. As commander of the noble Third Wisconsin, he was well known ; and hence the necessary change still left a General respected and beloved. The Sanitary Commission was a splendid thing. The Christian Commission was getting into good working- i Thomas Howard Ruger, bora in Lyman, N.Y., 2d April, 1833, son of Rev. Thomas J. Ruger; graduated at West Point in 1854, third in his class; brevet second lieutenant, Engineers, July, 1854 ; was employed as assistant to Beauregard on the fortifications of Forts Jackson and Philip, near New Orleans; resigned in April, 1855; studied law, in Wisconsin; admitted to practice in 1857, and settled in Janesville. Commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Third Wisconsin (Colonel C. S. Hamilton), 27th April, 1861; colonel, 10th August, 1861. Appointed brigadier-general, 29th November, 1862; was in command of Third Brigade, First Division, Twelfth Army Corps, and finally assigned as above. Was in battles of Banks s retreat, Cedar Moun tain, Antietam, leading the noble Third Wisconsin; and, after promotion, at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Resaca, and through Sherman s Georgia and North Carolina campaigns. Brevetted major-general, and still in service. The Second knew and respected General Ruger. THE WINTEK. 155 order. It rained and it snowed ; and the mud deep ened and dried. And so, with Captain Morse, provost- marshal of the corps, with companies B, E, and G at corps headquarters, and the other seven busy with drill, inspections, and guard, the winter passed away. 156 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. XIII. I CHANCELLORSVILLE . STAFFOKD Court-house, so long the abode of the Sec ond, was about eight miles from Acquia Creek Landing, and the same from Falmouth. Hooker s long and admirable preparations ended; and on the 27th of April, 1863, the Twelfth Corps quitted that spot for ever. Never was an army better organized, better equipped, or in better spirits. Keveille sounded at 3, A.M. The morning proved beautiful. Soon after sunrise, the brigade formed on the parade ground in column of battalions, and had excellent music. Then, on the road. Each man carried eight days rations, and sixty cartridges. The Eleventh Corps, General Howard, followed the Twelfth ; and, later in the day, the Fifth Corps. The three corps w r ere under the command of our own General Slocum : his work was to cross the rivers, establish his forces at Chancellors ville, and thus draw the enemy out of their works at Fredericksburg. With this day s march, the Chancellors ville campaign was begun. A mile from Hartwood Church, the regiment halted at half past three, P.M., and there it bivouacked. CHANCELLORSVILLE . 157 The next morning, the men were silently waked, in accordance with orders that no drums be beaten and no bugles sounded. The Eleventh led, and moved towards Kelley s Ford, on the Kappahannock, (about twenty miles above Falmouth), which it crossed on pontoons that night ; the cavalry capturing some rebel pickets. The Second, the rear of the First Division, Twelfth Corps, bivouacked two miles north of the ford. On Wednesday morning (the 29th), the 12th Corps crossed the river, followed by cavalry and the 5th Corps. The 12th passed the llth, the Second Massa chusetts in advance, flanked by the 27th Indiana and 3d Wisconsin, on the right and left as skirmishers : the Second and the 27th Indiana by and by changed places. Through woods and underbrush they pressed on until close to Germanna Ford on the Rapidan, about twelve miles south of Kelley s Ford. The rebels were build ing a bridge, and had a small force on the other side, with light breastworks. The Third Wisconsin moved straight to the ford, while the Second came out on high ground, and wheeled to the left. This brought a cross fire on the rebels, which killed a few, and forced the whole into their shelter, from which white flags soon fluttered ; and a hundred and three men surrendered, who were required to cross. The men then forded. The water was very high and swift, being above the waist, and three men of the corps were drowned. The pioneers of our division built a bridge for the remainder of the forces ; and ours bivouacked a mile and a half south of the Eapidan. The Fifth Corps crossed the 158 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. Eapidan at Ely s Ford, down the river. The three corps numbered thirty-six thousand effective men, out of forty-four thousand six hundred and sixty-one reported for duty, April 30, which included artillery and the detachments with trains. On Thursday (the 30th), a wet day, the Second Division, General Geary, led : the Second Massachusetts was the rear of the corps. The Twelfth and Eleventh Corps moved towards Fredericksburg, meeting little opposition ; l the Fifth Corps was near the river. The Twelfth Corps soon struck the plank road, and an easterly march of twelve miles brought it to near Chan cellor sville. Chancellorsville was a town of one house. Going westward from Fredericksburg on the old turnpike, five miles from the town, a plank road diverges to the left. Both roads, the turnpike and the plank road, lead to Chancellorsville, five or six miles off; the. former straight, the latter winding to avoid hills. The house of "V. Chancellor " stood in an intersection of these roads : it was a large brick house, once used as a tavern, and a family was within it, until driven out by its taking l " The Federal columns. . . had meanwhile pressed on to Germanna and Ely s Fords, where they succeeded in crossing, in spite of resistance from Captain Collins, of the Fifteenth Virginia Cavalry. ... In front of Banks s and Ely s Fords, General Lee had two brigades of Anderson s Division, Posey s and Mahone s, and one battery; in all, about 8,000 men. Upon the approach of the enemy, this force was withdrawn, and concen trated at Chancellorsville; where it was joined upon the morning of the 30th by Wright s Brigade, which had been sent up to re-enforce it, the enemy still pressing on. ... General Anderson fell back from Chancellorsville to Tabernacle Church, on the plank road, five miles below [a little south of East]." Esten Cooke. CHANCELLOES VILLE . 159 fire from the rebel shells. In front, looking southward, were open fields, bordered by the forests of the Wilder ness. A clearing behind was bounded by the woods, through which ran the roads to Ely s and the United- States Fords. Westward on the plank road, a mile and half or thereabouts, was Melzi Chancellor s house, and a little beyond, the Wilderness Church. Near this, the old pike road renewed itself, going straight on, while the plank road bent to the left. Following the pike, at Wilderness Tavern, five miles from Chancel- lorsville, was met the Germanna plank road coming in on the north, on which the Twelfth Corps had moved. The whole country was dreary and desolate, as many a soldier learned in May, 1863, and afterwards in the battles of the Wilderness. When the Second was but a few rods from the house, it was turned off the road, to the right, into the woods ; then to the right again, in a line parallel with the road, some little distance ; then to the right, and countermarched ; and was put in position at Fair- view. Facing westwa rd, or perhaps south-westerly, the right of the First Brigade of the Twelfth Corps rested on the road. Our brigade touched its left, the Sec ond on the right, then the Thirteenth New Jersey. Beyond the brigade, on the left, was Geary. The Eleventh Corps was considerably to the right of the Twelfth. The Second Corps crossed the Rappahannock that day, about a mile below the junction of that river and the Rapidan, at United-States Ford, which had been uncovered by the movement of the Fifth Corps. A 160 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS IKFANTRY. bridge was laid there that day. General Hooker came that evening to Chancellor s house. He had the four corps mentioned (the Second, Fifth, Eleventh, and Twelfth), at or near Chancellors ville. The First, Third, and Sixth Corps had been moved to the brink of the Eappahannock, in the vicinity of Fredericksburg ; bridges had been thrown over ; and a portion of these troops actually crossed to hold the enemy there until the other troops had reached Chancellors ville. These corps were still in that vicinity, or on the road. At half-past eight o clock that evening (Thursday) , while the Second was making ready for a wet biv ouac, the following order was read, and the soldiers cheered : t HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, CAMP NEAR FALMOUTH, VA., April 30, 1863. It is with heartfelt satisfaction that the Commanding Gen eral announces to the army, that the operations of the last three days have determined that our enemy must either in- gloriously fly, or come out from behind his defences and give us battle on our own ground, where certain destruction awaits him. The operations of the Fifth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Corps have been a succession of splendid achievements. By command of MAJOR GENERAL HOOKER. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant- General. General Slocum s movement of these three corps had been boldly and skilfully executed. Friday, May 1, was a beautiful day. It being mus ter-day, that work was, of course, commenced. It was half done when orders came to move : the whole army was in motion on various roads. "I directed an CHANCELLORS VILLE. 161 advance," says Hooker, " for the purpose, in the first instance, of driving the enemy away from Banks s Ford, which was six miles down the river, in order that he might be in closer communication with the left wing of the army." The Twelfth Corps advanced on the plank road, towards Fredericksburg, to be followed by the Eleventh ; the Fifth Corps, on the river road, to be fol lowed by the Second Corps. The result was a march of a mile and a half or thereabouts. Then there was sharp musketry on the left, and artillery shot flew over head. General Sykes, of the Fifth Corps, had met the rebel Anderson. Jackson, who had reached Taber nacle Church that morning, with the divisions of A. P. Hill, D. H. Hill, and Trimble, sent four brigades to Anderson s help. General Hooker was "satisfied," that, "as the passage-way through the forest was narrow/ he " could not throw troops through it fast enough to resist the advance of General Lee, and was apprehen sive of being whipped in detail." 1 He drew back his troops to their former position. The enemy made some demonstrations on the Twelfth and Fifth Corps, but were easily repulsed. Their object, doubtless, was to learn the position of the army ; and they succeeded. The Third Corps had crossed at United-States Ford that morning, and were massed in rear of the Chan cellor House. Jackson s command bivouacked about two miles east of Chancellors ville, General Lee having arrived with other troops ; and the Union forces were 1 General Hooker s Testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War. 11 162 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. under arms all night, while plenty of picket-firing went on. On Saturday morning, the Second entrenched. It was the first time it had received such an order. Trees were felled, and piled up breast-high ; and abattis were constructed in front. The whole army was behind defences. The Eleventh Corps was on the right. Birney s Division of the Third Corps was in the morning placed between the Eleventh and Twelfth, occupying nearly a brigade front. The Twelfth Corps was in its position of the day before. The Fifth Corps, General Meade, was next to the Twelfth, on the left. Behind the Fifth and Twelfth was the Second Corps, General Couch. The First Corps was on the road from Falmouth. The Sixth was still on the north side the river, below Fredericksburg. The position of General Hooker s army was too strong to allow a direct attack, especially as he largely outnumbered the rebels ; but the enemy was busy that Saturday. At eight o clock in the morning, they were seen moving steadily across the front towards the right. They were on an old road bending to the south-west. Word was brought to General Slocum ; he went to a position where he clearly saw the enemy, and immedi ately reported the fact to General Hooker. It was not until afternoon that permission was had to attack this column. General Birney went out with his division of the Third Corps, with Barlow s Brigade of the Eleventh (in which was the Thirty-third Massachusetts, Colonel Underwood) on his right, Whipple s Division of the CHANCELLORS VILLE. 163 Third, and, later, Williams s (in which was the Second Massachusetts) oh his left. They struck, a mile or two on, Jackson s column ; but it was only the rear. The Twenty-third Georgia was captured, almost to a man. But Jackson s column had passed. The trains were attacked, when (it was about five o clock) the roar of guns was heard on the extreme right. Jackson, with twenty -two thousand men, had moved all day in front of his foe, separated himself from every possi bility of help, and turned the flank of a force of at least sixty thousand men. General Slocum instantly ordered back Williams s Division. When it had returned, it found that the Eleventh had been utterly routed : its own works were in the hands of the enemy ; and confusion and dismay were triumphant. All except in one spot. Pleasanton had stopped some artillery, turned it, and checked the rout. Slo cum, of the Twelfth, with his single division (Cap tain Morse, of the Second, was on his staff, and did fine service), had changed front, and called back Williams s. 1 Best, chief of artillery to the Twelfth Corps, had with wonderful energy brought his pieces into position, with some of the Third Corps ; and gathered up some of those of the Eleventh. Berry s Division, of the Third Corps, was in position, firm and 1 " Slocum, by his bold and rapid change of front, saved the army from the disastrous consequences that might have followed the rout of the Eleventh Corps." Bowman # Irwin s " Sherman and his Campaigns," p. 265. 164 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS steadfast against the advancing tide of the enemy, who came on with cheers, and pushed down the line of the road. Best s twenty-two pieces opened with shell and canister. Williams s Division returning, cut across the works of their old line, part of which were in the possession of the enemy, formed at right angles to that line, and partially facing the road. Best s guns were on a little ridge. The Second, with its brigade, were down the slope, in front of the batteries which threw their shot overhead. A hundred shots a minute poured from Best s pieces, sweeping away the constantly re peated lines of the enemy. The enemy failed. .The tide was stemmed. In the night, towards midnight, the artillery sudden ly opened again. " The ridge in front of Chancellor s- ville," says Cooke, "resembled the crater of a volcano, vomiting forth fire and iron. A hurricane of shell swept the roads as with the besom of destruction ; and the broken ranks, riderless horses, and wild confusion made up a scene of tumult which was enough to try the stoutest nerves." It was just after Jackson had fallen, shot, said the rebels, by a volley from their own men ; shot, said the First Massachusetts, by a volley from them. In either case, he was a hundred yards outside his own lines, and considerably nearer the Union lines. 1 The artillery ceased, and Birney advanced with the 1 " The soldiers of the First Regiment saw the group of horsemen approaching, not knowing that Stonewall Jackson was one of them, of course, and greeted them with a volley as soon as they came within range. . . . The whole group turned and fled." Cudworth s "History of the First Regiment." CHANCELLORS VILLE. 165 bayonet, drove back the enemy half a mile, recovered guns and caissons, and re-established the line. But all night the firing was going on, and all night the whippoorwills were never silent. When the sun rose on Sunday morning, the battle was renewed. The enemy attacked, still in the same general direction of the plank road. General Hooker s line, as repaired, was this : the First Corps, which had crossed United-States Ford, on the extreme right ; then Meade, with the Fifth; then Sickles, across the road west of the Chancellor house, pushed forward ; Berry s Division, north of the road, supported by Whipple ; Birney, on the south of the road, supported in part by Williams, of the Twelfth Corps, who was in the position of the night. Geary s Division of the Twelfth Corps was still to the left of Williams ; and the Eleventh Corps, restored to order by Howard s almost superhuman efforts, formed the left. The line so ran that Slocum s Corps, the Twelfth, was at the apex of a cone ; part of the corps behind, when the battle opened, covered by Birney, who was farther up the road. Against this apex, to break it off, was the strength of the enemy hurled, while other forces were assaulting other parts of the line. Hill, Colston, and Kodes led their rebel divisions against this point, the enemy attacking only Williams and Berry. Following Jackson s favorite method, they came up in heavy columns, deployed suddenly, and rushed on with yells. Best had twenty-eight pieces in position. As the rebels approached, these guns hurled 166 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. a tempest of missiles into them. Their lines were pierced and gashed ; yet still they came on. The infan try met them with a terribly destructive fire ; but the rebel lines were constantly renewed. At length, the Third Corps, severely weakened, fell back ; and the Twelfth Corps bore the shock. Williams s Division stood at the critical point : the veterans of this body knew their duty. Of the Third Brigade, General Ruger, were the Second, the Third Wisconsin, and the Twenty-seventh Indiana. Nothing that could be brought against the front of these steady old regiments could move them. Again, as the enemy advanced, did Best s guns plough through their ranks. The muskets of Williams s Division poured in the bullets. Three successive times were new lines of the enemy brought up against them ; each time, to be broken and repulsed. As they were broken, the line of the men of the division pressed gradually forward. In the third line of the enemy, there was a Palmetto regiment, as its flag showed. It chanced to come against the Second, Massachusetts and South Carolina. Gallantly did the Southern regiment fight : three times its colors fell, but were instantly raised again. Three times did the flag of the Second change bearers. Lieutenant-Colonel Cogswell was wounded ; Lieutenant Fitzgerald, dead ; Captains Grafton and Powers, and Lieutenant Perkins, were wounded. Thirty-three per cent of the whole had fallen. At last, the Palmettos suddenly retired. The regiment had cleared its front, and found itself in its old entrenchments. CHANCELLOESVILLE. 167 The reaiment was out of ammunition. For the first O time, it had shot away all its cartridges. The officers had, during the fight, gathered up all the ammunition from the cartridge-boxes of the wounded and dead ; and, as the line gained -ground, taken that of the fallen rebels. But it was all gone ; and the urgent request for a supply was answered, in a high quarter, "I cannot make men or ammunition." So the brigade fixed bay onets, and stood at "order arms" for three-fourths of an hour. Fortunately, the rebels had been so severely handled that their assaults were faint. While the two divisions were bearing the whole rebel attack, General Slocum repeatedly sent staff-officers to General Hooker, reporting the situation, and urging him to allow other troops to take part in the battle. He saw him in per son also, and asked him to send another corps in on Berry s right, so as to take the rebels in flank. Other corps commanders were present, and begged the privi lege, and the soldiers were eager to take part in the bat tle. But General Hooker utterly refused. By and by Berry was killed, the left of his line was overpowered, and the right of Williams s was eventually turned, which required him to fall back. The Second Massa chusetts, moving around the south of the Chancellor house, waited orders. While waiting, a round shot took off three legs of two men of Company E. Later, the Second was sent back nearer the United-States Ford. At ten or eleven o clock, General Hooker had drawn back his forces to a line traced earlier for that purpose, 168 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. covering the parting of the roads to the ferries. His right and left each rested now upon the river, and Chancellor sville was left to the enemy. The house was in flames before he left it, set on fire by shells ; and the terrified women, who had sheltered themselves in the cellar, were conducted out of the burning building to the ford. The woods were on fire, and the roaring and crackling flames were running over helpless wounded men. Doubtless, the enemy saved the wounded from the fire so far as possible. " I was suddenly seized," says one of the Second who had lost his sight, " and dragged hurriedly along for some distance." It was doubtless to rescue him from the flames. Against another assault, in the afternoon, the Second had nothing to do. It was not severe : Lee had some thing else to do. That morning, General Sedgwick, with the Sixth Corps, had crossed at Fredericksburg, carried the enemy s works, captured a portion of the few brigades left there when Lee had moved on Chancellorsville, and was now advancing up the road on the south of the river, to move on Lee s flank, and make a juncture with Hooker. Lee heard this in the afternoon. He imme diately detached a heavy force to the relief of Barks- dale and Wilcox, who were found at Salem Church, about five miles from Fredericksburg, vigorously pushed by Sedgwick, and retreating. The rebels stepped Sedgwick s advance. The Second, with the whole army, lay listening to the sound of the battle. A move ment was expected. Hooker would, of course (was CHANCELLORS VILLE. 169 the talk in the lines), fall on Lee, to help Sedgwick. But it was not done. Sedgwick was held in check till night. That evening, after dark, the Twelfth Corps was moved to the extreme left, resting on the river, in Sedgwick s direction ; and was intermingled, for ob vious reasons, with the Eleventh Corps. Breastworks were found there. It was a beautiful night ; and the change from the smoke of the smouldering fires to the cool air by the rippling waters was refreshing. Food was had also : Quartermaster Sawyer, the indefati gable man, had brought boxes and bags, on the back of mules, from the trains which had been left across the river at United- States Ford. The men were black with the smoke of powder or burning woods in which for two days they had been WTapped. Monday morning (May 4) , the sound of Sedgwick s contest was renewed. Lee had gone there himself, and by and by drove Sedgwick over the river at Banks s Ford. Hooker gave him no help. "Reconnois- sances were made," says General Hooker, " on the right, from one end of the line to the other, to feel the enemy s strength, and find a place and way to attack him successfully ; but it was ascertained that it could only be made on him behind his defences, and with slender columns, which I believed he could destroy as fast as they were thrown on his works." It is remark able, that, in the same country, the enemy found means to assault a force twice their number. The hospital, which had been removed from Chan- cellorsville during the first attack, to a place nearer 170 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTEY. the river, had been transferred to the north side of the Rappahannock, two-thirds of a mile back from the river. No better hospital arrangements were possible than those of the Twelfth Corps, organized by the medical director, Surgeon McNulty. It was in charge of Surgeon Casey, of the Twentieth Connecticut, a man admirably qualified by ability and education for his place. Surgeon Try ford, of the Twenty-Seventh Indi ana, chief operator for the Third Brigade, did his work skilfully. Surgeon Heath, of the Second, gave evidence of the cool skill which was to place him by and by among the first of the surgeons of the corps ; and Assistant-Surgeon Wightman gave promise of a success which his speedy death cut off. The wounded of the Second were collected there : boughs were cut for beds, and all their wants supplied. The "Sanitary" was, of course, on hand. God bless the memory of the " Sani tary ! " Monday morning, in the gray, suddenly shots fell into the hospital. The enemy had planted a battery, just opposite the extreme left of Hooker s line, several miles away, which threw its balls into the hospital and wagon-camp. At the first shot, limbs fell from a tree upon the tent in which were the wounded officers of the Second. The next fell among some rebel prisoners, killing one and wounding five. For a few minutes, the shots fell with the greatest rapidity. One passed through the tent which had been turned in by the Second, and killed a man just rising up. The wounded men began to be hastily removed. There came near CHANCELLOKSVILLE. 171 being a stampede of wagons, and the large ambulance train of the corps. Some drivers were in haste to leave. Quartermaster Sawyer, of the Second, was present, with pistol in hand, "The first man that leaves without orders dies ! " Order was restored, and preparations hastened. But the fire speedily ceased. The men of the Twelfth Corps, in the line, drove it off. The roar of fight to the eastward, at Banks s Ford, ceased about noon on Monday. The battle of Chan- cellorsville was ended. A hundred thousand men, thoroughly organized, admirably equipped, in high spirits, brave men, and most of them experienced soldiers, had been baffled by a force now known to have been half their number. Monday night was quiet. Tuesday morning, the hospital was to be moved. But, while a good locality was being sought, orders came to put it and the wagon trains on the road for the old camp. This was signifi cant of retreat. In fact, at a council of generals held Monday night, General Hooker had decided to recross the river, and return to his old position. In the after noon, while trains were far on, it began to rain furi ously. The Eappahannock rose rapidly, and the three pontoon bridges were necessarily reduced to two. Or ders came to the Second to move that night ; but they were countermanded, and it lay that wet night in the trenches. Wednesday morning, the regiment moved to United-States Ford, where the army lay crowded to gether for a few hours ; and then recrossed the river, with more men in the ranks who had not fired a shot, or 172 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. been brought into the presence of the enemy, than Lee had in his entire army. That rainy day, the Second made twenty-three miles, and, late at night, took possession of their old and roof less huts at Stafford Court-house. Better not have left them ten days before : too many huts were tenantless. In the fighting of these days, one officer was killed, Lieutenant Gerald Fitzgerald, a fine scholar, a brave soldier (he was buried on the field) ; and four wounded, Lieutenant - Colonel Cogswell, Captain Grafton, Captain Powers, and Lieutenant W. E. Per kins. Of enlisted men, the killed were, Nutter, of A; Bickford, Christie, Foss, and Stevens (Jesse), of B; Manning (2d), of C; Houghton (A. C.) and UfFenheimer, of E ; Bedell, Fitch, Kittredge, and Pur- cell, of G ; Burke (J.) and Hannigan, of H; Davis, Hanscom (C. G.), Martin, McKenny, and Webb (J.), of I ; and Bortchy, Bunning, and Rathburn, of K. Mortally wounded, Corporal Page, of A; Manning, of B ; Hoyt and Sullivan, of C ; Barrell and Fer- nald, of H ; and Cameron and Sawyer, of I. Eighty- six wounded, not mortally ; and eight prisoners (the men left in the works, in charge of the knapsacks, on the 2d of May) . The losses were thirty-three per cent. The division, General Williams s, lost 1,659 men; the Twelfth Corps, 3,143, out of between nine and ten thousand men. For the loss of these brave men, it was poor conso lation to hear the order in -which the " Major-General commanding " tendered to the army " his congratula- CHANCELLOKSVILLE. 173 tions on its achievements of the last seven days." " We have made long marches, crossed rivers, surprised the enemy in his intrenchments." But, with vastly superior forces, we had failed of our purpose. "We have taken from the enemy five thousand prisoners and fifteen colors, captured seven pieces of artillery, and placed hors du combat eighteen thousand of our foe s chosen troops." But, of the prisoners in the hands of the enemy, of the artillery lost, and of the faithful, noble men wounded or dead, the order was silent. The Second had this consolation, that it had increased its honorable fame, stood manfully, and driven boldly Jackson s best troops ; and that its dead had fallen like brave men. Colonel Quincy resigned his colonelcy the last of May, being discharged June 2. He was suffering from the wounds received at Cedar Mountain, as well as from the hardships of Eichmond prisons. The experience of the Chancellorsville movement convinced him, reluc tantly, that he was unequal to active field-duty. He accordingly received a commission as lieutenant-colonel of the Seventy-Third United-States Colored Troops, and afterwards a colonel, to be employed as assistant inspector-general in Louisiana, and eventually to be bre vetted brigadier-general. Lieutenant-Colonel Cogs well was promoted to the colonelcy, which he had nobly earned. In his absence, being wounded, Lieutenant- Colonel Mudge was in command. Assistant-Surgeon Wightman was put on duty in 174 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. the corps hospital at Acquia Landing. He devoted himself to his duty with so much earnestness, that he soon fell sick ; and he died, on the 15th of June, at Washington. He was a faithful man, and bid fair to be a most efficient officer. William Nichols, jun., of Boston, joined as assistant surgeon, having already had valuable experience in front of Washington. He was eventually promoted surgeon ; but preferred the same position in the Third Massachusetts Artillery, and served to the close of the war. A new camp was laid out, near the old one, and occupied May 27. The weather was intensely hot, and wood-ticks and snakes nourished. BEVERLY FORD TO GETTYSBURG. 175 XIV. FROM BEVERLY FORD TO GETTYSBURG. # ON the 6th of June, 1863, the regiment moved in light marching order on a secret expedition. General Hooker having learned that the enemy had massed his cavalry near Culpeper, despatched General Pleasanton to attack him. A large force of cavalry, with picked regiments of infantry, and some artillery, crossed by Kelley s and Beverly Fords. The Second, and the Third Wisconsin, were of the number selected, and were in that column which was to cross at Beverly Ford. They left camp, train, sick, &c., in the even ing : a heavy thunder-shower, soon after starting, laid the dust. The regiment marched that night to near Spott Tavern, fifteen miles, arriving at 2, A.M. ; starting at 10, A.M., reached Bealeton Station about 6, P.M., where detachments from other corps were met, all under General Ames ; kept out of sight a day in the woods, and then moved rapidly to Beverly Ford, and crossed on the morning of the 9th, cavalry first, then the Third Wisconsin, then the Second. Colonel Davis, commanding cavalry, charged up to, and over, a barri cade. The infantry moved up, and drove the enemy, 17(3 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. after sharp firing, several miles. The trains could be heard, bringing re-enforcements, at Brandy Station. The rebels tried to turn, first the right, and then the left; but without success, and with much loss both in killed and prisoners. Firing was soon heard in the rebel rear. General Gregg, who had crossed at Kelley s Ford, had moved to Brandy Station, drove Stewart, and cap tured his headquarters, finding papers which indicated Lee s movement to Pennsylvania. The enemy s cav alry, then about to move, were badly shattered, and their value greatly diminished all the way to Gettys burg. Gregg came in on the left, and the whole force fell back, and recrossed about 6, P.M. The Second had lost one mortally wounded, Nutting, of D ; and two wounded. In this affair, twenty men of Company D, with seventy from the Third- Wisconsin, all under Captain Oakey, captured more than their whole number of men. On the morning of the 10th, the regiment marched back to Bealeton, where it remained until the 14th. The whole army was in motion ; and the Second, re maining one night just above Warrenton Junction, rejoined the corps on the 16th, at Fairfax, meeting there the men left behind at Stafford Court-house, who had come on with the wagons, baggage, &c., by way of Dumfries, under command of Major Morse. The army was on the road to Gettysburg. Lee was moving towards Pennsylvania. Hooker was moving on parallel roads, observing the enemy, and " covering Washington." BEVERLY FORD TO GETTYSBURG. 177 The Twelfth Corps moved by way of Fairfax, Lees- burg, Edwards s Ferry, and Frederick. On the day after the Second rejoined its corps, it moved on from Fairfax, and struck the Leesburg and Alexandria turn pike, a few miles south-east of Drainsville. On the 18th, passed through Drainsville, forded Goose Creek (in a hard hail-storm), passed through Leesburg, and camped under the old rebel Fort Johnston. Good for aging in that vicinity. There was no movement until the 26th, a wet day, when the regiment crossed the Potomac, at Edwards s Ferry, on pontoons ; met some of the Second Massachusetts Cavalry near Poolsville ; and encamped about 4, P.M., near the mouth of the Monocacy, following river roads and the canal bank. On the 27th, crossing the Monocacy on the culvert, went up to Point of Rocks. Some miles farther on, went through a tunnel under the canal ; and on, to a mile beyond Petersville. On the 28th, back to Peters- ville, and, through Jefferson, to near Frederick, and camped a mile south of the familiar river. That day, General Meade took command of the army. The im mediate occasion of General Hooker s request to be relieved was, that he desired to take the force at Har per s Ferry, and unite it with the Twelfth Corps, " throw them rapidly in rear of General Lee s army, cut his communications, destroy the bridges, and cap ture his trains, and then re-unite with the main army." 1 Had this been done, the history of the Second would 1 General Butterfi eld s statement. 12 178 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. have been different. It was overruled by General Halleck. Hooker had brought his army, by brilliant marches, face to face with the enemy, and was then driven from command by a general in Washington, on a point which that general immediately conceded to Hooker s successor. On the 29th, a rainy day, the regiment passed through Waterville, to within a mile of Bruceville ; on the 30th, through Taneytown, to half a mile beyond Littleston ; on the 1st of July, slowly, four or five miles, to near Two Taverns, where it halted. Heavy and continuous firing in the direction of Gettysburg soon startled the command. It was ordered forward, took position about two miles south of the town, on the right, and threw out skirmishers. The firing was from Reynold s attack (on the other side of the town) , and Howard s support, which ended in the latter s placing all his forces on Cemetery Ridge. It was about 7, P.M., when Slocum placed his corps on the right; and Sickles, the Third, on the left of the Eleventh. The regiment slightly changed its position in the evening. The enemy, who had been floating about in Pennsyl vania pretty much at will, had found it necessary to concentrate, and were gathering near Gettysburg. General Meade determined to give battle at that place. But, of that battle in general, it is not in the purpose of this record to speak. On the morning of the 2d, there was some skirmish ing by the regiment ; then another slight change was made, the whole corps making a slight detour to the BEVERLY FORD TO GETTYSBURG. 179 left, taking position, the right resting on Eock Creek, at a point where it crossed the Baltimore pike. This was the extreme right of the line of the whole army. Breastworks were immediately thrown up. Late in the afternoon, the enemy made a heavy assault upon the extreme left of the line. The First Division of the Twelfth Corps was ordered to its assist ance. Arriving there, it was immediately exposed to artillery fire ; but the Second lost but one man, wounded. Scarcely was this movement completed, when, the enemy being repulsed, the division was ordered back to its old defences. Coming near there, circumstances led Lieutenant- Colonel Mudge to suspect that the enemy had occupied the ground ; and he sent Company F, as skirmishers, to ascertain the state of the case. Meanwhile the regi ment was promptly placed in line of battle, at rio-ht angles to its old line, in the edge of the woods, on the opposite side of a meadow from which the enemy might be expected. The night was dark, with an occasional gleam of moonlight. With the exception of occasional shots from distant skirmishers, all was still. Company F returned, and reported a rebel line of battle at about four hundred yards distance, which had not only got into our works, but had formed their line directly across them ; and brought in some prisoners who confirmed the statement. The report was not sat isfactory to higher authorities, and Lieutenant-Colonel Mudge sent out Company K. That company, under the 180 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. brave and skilful lead of Capt. Thomas B. Fox, cau tiously advanced within ten feet of the enemy s line, cap tured twenty prisoners, drew a volley of musketry, and returned ; with the loss of two men wounded, and two prisoners. There was no question now as to the enemy s position. The new line was strengthened by rails and logs, skirmishers pushed well forward, and daylight soberly waited for. Two batteries (Parrott and Napoleon guns) were posted so as to command the wood. Swell s Corps formed the enemy s left. On the morning of the memorable 3d of July, the two batteries opened a rapid and severe fire, and kept it up for over an hour. But it failed to dislodge the enemy, who were favored by the nature of the ground, which was steep and rocky, and covered with dense woods. The batteries ceased, and the sharpshooters of the enemy, posted in trees, became annoying. At about 7 o clock, orders came to the Second, and one other regiment, to advance over the meadow, and carry the enemy s position. So strange an order excited astonishment. The regiments were a handful against the mass of enemy opposite, even without any regard to their formidable position. Lieutenant- Colonel Mudge questioned the messenger, "Are you sure that is the order?" "Yes." "Well," said he, "it is murder : but it s the order. Up, men, over the works ! Forward, double-quick ! " With a cheer, with bayonets unfixed, without firing a shot, the line sprang forward as fast as the swampy ground would allow. The brave young leader fell dead in the middle of the field, as on BEVERLY FORD TO GETTYSBURG. 181 foot, and waving his sword, he was cheering on the men ; and Major Morse took command. Three color- bearers were shot in going two hundred yards, but the colors kept on. Into the enemy s line ; up to the breast works ; and the regiment held its old position ! But the rebel fire was still terrible. The Second was alone. The regiment on its right, its single help, had melted back. The troops in support were motionless. From behind every tree and rock, the enemy poured an overwhelming fire.; three brigades (a prisoner after wards said) were at that point. Another color-bearer fell dead, waving the colors. Ten officers had fallen. No supports came. The rebels were flanking the regi ment, when the order was given to retire. Slowly and sullenly the Second fell back, re-crossed the field of death, and, taking position behind a ruined stone wall, opened fire on the enemy whenever they showed them selves. "I never saw a finer sight," said a general, "than to see that regiment, coming back over that terrible meadow,, face about and form in line as steady as if on parade." Steady, but of the 22 officers and 294 men, 134 lay on the field. The lieutenant-colonel com manding was dead. "Our brave young color-bearer" was killed, and of the color-guard but a remnant was left. Forty-four men in every hundred had fallen, but the honor of the Second was untainted. The brave, young Mudge, the true-hearted Van Dyke Stone, were dead. Robeson, impetuous, dar ing, and able ; Thomas B. Fox, who added the 182 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. noblest scholarly culture to a faithful, devoted heart, were mortally wounded. Captain Crowninshield, and Lieutenants Gelray (arm amputated), Parker, Mehan, Comey, and N. D. A. Sawyer were wounded. Of the enlisted men, the dead were Bas- com, Bullard, Durgin (color-bearer), Foster (S. P.), Hall, and Heoy, of A ; Whittier, of B ; Marshall, of C; Derr, Maynard, Nelson, and Sadler (carrying the colors), of D ; Furber, Peck (P. H.), and Wilson, of G ; and Bailey, Cady (carrying the colors) , Joy, and Trayner, of I. Mortally wounded were Ball, Briggs (J.), Foster (W.), and Prouty, of A ; Alton and Conlan, of B ; Chase and Goetz, of C ; Blunt and Ela, of D ; Kiernan, of F ; Babcock, Burdett, and Farring- ton, of H; Brown, Butters, Edmunds, and Parker, of I ; and Jewett and Wade, of K. Eighty-four enlisted men were wounded, not mortally (among them Hobbs, of I, while carrying the colors) ; and six were prisoners. The dead of the enlisted men were buried at Gettys burg. "Lamenting the heroic dead," said Colonel Cogswell, " our beloved lieutenant-colonel, our respected and cherished officers, our brave and noble men, who left their lives on that bloody but victorious field, let us imitate their example, and make ourselves worthy to have been their comrades in arms ! " After returning, the regiment went into its log defences, and the artillery opened again with good effect. An attack was made by a part of the Second Division on the enemy s flank and rear ; and after seven BEVERLY FORD TO GETTYSBURG. 183 hours hard fighting, including the time in which the Second was engaged, the enemy were dislodged. About 3, P.M. , the regiment occupied its original ground, and cared for its dead and wounded. Some of these were brought off under the fire of sharpshooters, and some under cover of the night. Surgeon Heath and Assistant-Surgeon Nichols did fine service. It was about 1, P.M., that the enemy made his attack upon Cemetery Hill, which was so gallantly repelled. The Eleventh Corps had redeemed its honor. In that con test was the Thirty-third Massachusetts, Colonel Under wood, which had never lost its honor. In the evening, the message was passed along the line, from General Meade, that the enemy had been repulsed at all points. During the night, the regiment lay in its works, kept awake by skirmishing fire and volleys of musketry. In the morning the enemy had disappeared. The Second, and some other regiments, were sent on a reconnoissance of a couple of miles, and found that the rebel army had retreated. On returning, the day was spent in caring for the wounded, and burying the dead. In the "movement of the army after Lee, the Sec ond left on the 5th, and reached Littleston ; on the 6th, a few miles below that place ; on the 7th (in the rain) , to within three miles of Frederick ; on the 8th, through Frederick, Middleton, and Burketsville, to Crampton s Gap ; on the 9th, to Rohrersville ; on the 10th, it crossed the old battle-ground of Antietam, every step recalling recollections of that stubborn fight, and bivou acked at its right; on the llth, to a little north-west 184 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. of Fairplay; on the 12th, to near Williamsport, and threw up breastworks. Here Colonel Cogswell, nearly recovered from his wound, rejoined the regiment, and took command. On the 14th, the strong rebel works were found deserted. Lee had made good his escape across the river, losing only some of his rear-guard. That day the regiment marched eighteen miles ; on the 15th, three miles below Antietam Iron Works ; on the 16th, it passed by tinsel s house again, and over the hills to Sandy Hook ; on the 19th, it crossed the river, and over the Shenandoah, and bivouacked a little west of Hillsborough ; on the 20th, to Snickers ville, towards the Gap ; on the 23d and 24th, a continuous march of- twenty-eight miles through Troy, Oakhill, and Upper- ville, to White Plains, where Major Morse and Lieutenants George and Sawyer, with a squad of non commissioned officers, left for Massachusetts, to bring back ^conscripts," none of whom ever came. On the 25th, moved to Haymarket ; on the 26th, to near War ren ton Junction ; where, on the 27th, General Gordon visited the regiment, and was warmly received. On the 31st, the regiment moved by road east of Bealeton to near Kelley s Ford, on the Eappahannock ; on the 1st of August, crossed to support a cavalry advance, the Second and the Twenty-seventh Indiana thrown forward as skirmishers ; on the 2d, in the evening, returned, and went into camp. It had come back to the old river, after fighting two battles, and marching four hundred and four miles. JOURNEYINGS. 185 XV. JOURNEYINGS. THE regiment lay in camp until Aug. 16. On the 15th (Saturday), came orders to be ready, and in the morning the regiment was on the road. But there was something odd about it: the -Third Wisconsin and the Twenty-seventh Indiana were on the road too, but the remainder of the brigade was left. Eight other regiments were added, all under command of our Gene ral Ruger. It was learned that certain sturdy regiments had been picked for particular service, but what that service was, was a profound mystery. Six miles up the river was Rappahannock Station. There, leaving horses to come by another train, and superfluous baggage to stay behind, the regiments were put on long railway trains, and that night found them selves at Alexandria. On a miserable field in the edge of the town were the troops, after some delays, sent to bivouac. Two days had to be passed here. Peddlers overrun the camp, with very mean eatables. Ice cream was eaten by the pint. Shoe-blacks appeared, and the privates exhibited great dignity in employing them to brush equipments. 186 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Whiskey showed itself somewhat, but not much. Everybody wondered what the movement meant ; and nobody knew. The theory most favored was, that we were going down the coast. But towards night, "Fall in ! " A mile or two through town took us to a wharf where lay the iron steamer " Merrimack." It took time to get on board ; but by and by, the Second, the Third Wisconsin, the Twenty- seventh Indiana, and the hundred and something Ohio, were snugly (very) stowed away. Other boats were near, and other troops embarking. Once on board, the proposals of the purser as to board made known to the officers that we were bound for New York. About 6, A.M., the boat started. Abominably close below, but delightful for those who had the fortune to be on deck. The trip down the river, the beautiful moonlight by and by, the cool, salt air, so sweet to men from the sultry Rappahannock, were charming; that is, on deck. The next day, having passed by night the junction of the Chesapeake with the ocean, no land was in sight ; walked by the "Erricson," a sister transport; and kept on until Saturday, when, nearing New York, the officers appeared at breakfast table, and boots were blacked, and white collars were displayed. Then at anchor off Governor s Island ; and General Ruger reported to General Canby ; and orders came ; and we were landed at the foot of Canal Street, North-River side, and left the "Merrimack," 1,991^ tons, with its two low-pressure engines, and seventy-four life preservers, commanded JOUENEYINGS. 187 by Captain Sampson, of Dedham, Mass., a gentle man. Then marched without music to Broadway, and to City-Hall Park ; and entered it by the same gate as on the 9th of July, 1861, and stacked arms on the same spot. But ah the ten hundred and forty ! The men were put in the barracks on the line of Broadway. The officers had tents. The Third Wis consin was close at hand. A battery was stationed east, beyond the guard. General Ruger s tents were pitched the other side of the path running front of the City Hall. The Twenty-seventh Indiana was down at the Battery. All the squares bristled with muskets. It was just at the close of the famous riots by Gov ernor Seymour s " friends." The Government was determined that the draft should proceed, and so it put an overwhelming force into the city ; and the draft did proceed. That day everybody was in camp, and the guns were ready. Indeed they always were. Orders were extremely strict ; " Never out of sound of the drum 1 " in the half- hour leaves, sparingly given. But the evening parade became an institution, and drew great crowds. Wives came on to see husbands. Public worship was held in the men s mess-hall, on a Sunday, by the Second, and the Third Wisconsin. Benevolent people came, and people not benevolent. A fortnight wore away in the din and hubbub of Broadway. Then suddenly, "Ready to move at a moment s notice ! " Then to move at 3, P.M., and nobody to leave camp. But the line was formed; wives hurried to 188 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. say good- by ; the drum corps gave the music, and the regiment marched down Broadway, just at dark, to the Battery, and the lighters took men and horses and were most all night about it to the iron propeller " Mississippi," on which the Second, the Third Wiscon sin, and the Twenty-seventh Indiana, found themselves steaming down New- York Bay when they awoke on the morning of the 6th of September. The trip back again to Alexandria was like the trip on, only the men were not so crowded. The weather was beautiful, and bivouac on deck was a novelty yet ; below, the men found it close. Staten Island and the fortifications, Sandy Hook, the low, silver-fringed Jersey shore, all disappeared. When Tuesday s day light appeared, Cape Charles appeared also, and then Cape Henry ; and at evening, the light at Point Look out, and there we anchored until daylight. By two, P.M. , on Wednesday, we were opposite Alexandria, and before sunset the regiment was on its abominable old field again. The "Mississippi" was twin sister to the "Mem- mack," made on the same plans, and had a capital com mander, Captain Baxter, of Hyannis, Mass. ; and Purser Sampson, who did finely. Speaking of pursers, the officers were boarded for a dollar a meal, or five dollars the trip, at their option. Going on, one of ours chose the latter, but, being sea-sick, took only one meal at five dollars. Eeturning he was wiser, and chose the former arrangement, but not being sick, paid ten dollars for his meals. The wisest make mistakes. JOUKNEYINGS. 189 Expectations of being forwarded by rail, as other troops of the expedition had been, were disappointed. The day after arrival, at 2, P.M., the three regiments were put on the road. Out of Alexandria, the country was desolate ; inhabitants all gone, lines obliterated, houses destroyed, except at Annandale, a village of two houses, and a fine lot of chimnies. Camped a mile beyond that place. At 6, A.M., on the road, which was terribly dusty ; a great lot of fresh horses, going to the army ; wagon trains, with whose escort our men got into a necessary fight ; a long train of sutlers wagons coming up under escort : altogether, it was unpleasant. Passing desolate Fairfax, half a mile from Centreville found friends in the Second Massachusetts Cavalry, and went on to Bull Run. There being plenty of water there, and no water farther on, and no haste, and seventeen miles having been made that day, the order was of course, after a rest, " Fall in ! " The regiments went on three miles to Manassas Junction, and camped without water. Eeveille at 4, A.M. Chimnies all along the road. At Bristow, the fine band of the Thirty-third Massachusetts played for us. There last year we saw half a mile of cars burned ; the (then) one house WAS gone. At Kettle Run, we had wait ed idly all day in sound of the disastrous battle of Manassas. From that point there was no water, in the intense heat, until Catlett s was reached, where was found a little moist dirt to drink ; halted the column half a mile from the intended camp, so as to get wet by a thunder-shower. The next morning to Bealeton ; 190 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. and then on to camp by Kelley s Ford, where the Thir teenth New Jersey was drawn up in line, and welcomed us all back, with cheers, to the stout old Third Brigade, in the sound of cannonade. On the 15th, changed camp ; but could not change the water, a cupful of which would catch a thousand wio-o-lers. On the 16th, moved. The water on the ot? road tasted dead-cat-ish, but it was clearer. Crossing at Kelley s Ford, following the well-remembered road several miles in the misty morning, the regiment turned eastward to Stephensburg, a decayed village four miles east of Brandy Station, and camped. From a little knoll back of camp, the outlines of a distant hill were familiar : it was Cedar Mountain. On the 17th, early on the road : the regiment turned to the left in Stephensburg, and made a five-mile march, which had to be very crooked to keep in cover of the woods. The enemy there had a signal-station on the other side of the Rapidan. Halts were frequent, in line of battle ; and the fall flowers were in their glory. At one of the halts, came up a savage thunder-storm ; and, as soon as the men were thoroughly wet, orders were given to go into camp. It rained severely all night, and the morning disclosed- as thoroughly soaked a set as was possible. Changed camp two days after ; but the equinoctial continued. An equinoctial is not bad at home; but in the woods, with canvas which only strained the rain, with a little smouldering fire (because of the enemy) , and the noise of guns throwing canister at every change of pickets by the ford, it is not quite JOURNEYINGS. 191 so comfortable. On the 20th, orders to change loca tion ; but, after waiting four hours, orders put the shelters up again. The brigade was the extreme left of the line of the army ; and the Second and the Third Wisconsin were kept at the ford, and ate " White- House Landing" bread, which was very active. Picket-firing was ordered to cease ; and the rebels stopped theirs. A little way from camp, their men were in plain sight, with some ugly-looking earth-works on the bluff. They were polite enough to turn out their guard one day, and salute our officer commanding the picket. A painful episode occurred here. It was the execu tion of a deserter, a soldier of the Third Maryland, which the whole division had to witness, and with whom the chaplain of the Second had to be until the last moment. The Second was picketing Eaccoon Ford, on the Kapidan. On Saturday, September 19, we gathered around our first autumn fire, kept low. Eight days rations were kept on hand, enough, that is, for four days eating. Suddenly, the Second was to leave Vir ginia, no more to see it until by Sherman s victorious inarch it was moved from its south to its north line, on the way home. But nobody knew that, when orders came on the 24th to be ready to move, and a few hours after, the troops did move. Silently and circuitously the brigade wound its way out, found the other brigades 192 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. and the other division, passed a corps coming to relieve the Twelfth, passed through Stephensburg to Brandy Station, which looked like railroading, and, after dark, "turned in" all wagons, &c. Then it was surmised they wanted us in Tennessee, where Chickamauga had just been fought. We bivouacked at Brandy Station ; where the pay master (Major M. J. Stone, to whom we owe many kindnesses) appeared, and worked all night. We saw another man shot for desertion (with whom the Second s chaplain, by request, passed most of the criminal s last night) . We shivered in the cold. And on the 26th, marched to Bealeton ; shivered another night. Heard that Hooper was to command the Elev enth and Twelfth, that General Slocum had asked to be relieved, and that General Butterfield was to com mand the Twefth Corps, all of .which made more shiv ering than the cold did, though only the first item was to be realized. On the 27th, took the cars for westward, forty men to a car, save field and staff. We left Virginia, left the section whose roads had been pressed by many weary feet, left the graves of our dead heroes, left the noble army of Virginia, not to meet it again until the triumphal days of review in Washington. Through Alexandria ; through Washington ; at night at Relay ; in the morning at Berlin, recognizing the scenery in the river mists ; crossed at Harper s Ferry ; had coffee at Martinsburg ; saw the first red leaves of autumn, at Hancock $ crossed rivers and pierced tunnels ; JOURNE YIXGS . 193 were cheered at Cumberland; and on Tuesday the 29th, were dropped at Benwood; crossed the Ohio on pontoons, and on the river s pebbly bank made coffee and munched hard bread (the Western hard bread) at midnight. In cars on the Central Ohio Road, at 2, A.M. ; near Cambridge in the morning ; breakfast at Zanesville ; a couple hours at Columbus ; by the Co lumbus and Xenia Road to the latter place, where in the evening suddenly appeared a crowd of women and girls, with great quantities of meat, potatoes, eggs, milk, pies, cake, and the like, which they dealt out to the soldiers lavishly. " What is to pay ? " " Nothing : we are not Vallandigham people. " The soldiers left with rousing cheers for the frank, warm-hearted, and handsome Xenia girls. Passing Dayton, at noon next day were at Indianapolis ; left at 6, P.M., on the Jeffer son ville Railway, and reached the Ohio at half-past 5, A.M. ; crossed on a queer and aged ferry-boat ; in Louisville, found bread, meat, and coffee, at the " Sol diers Rest," where the Sanitary Commission had reached out one of its long arms ; hurried through Kentucky, and reached Nashville half an hour after midnight on Saturday morning ; wound round the knoll on which the marble Capitol was shining in the moon light ; after a couple of hours in changing trains, moved southward; were near Stone-River battle-ground at daybreak; and half an hour after midnight, Sunday morning, were tumbled out of the cars on a plain between the hills, at Stevenson ; and, after seven days continuous journey, and a passage of eleven hundred 13 194 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. and seventy-eight miles, bivouacked on the soil of Alabama. The Second had won its fame in the armies of the East : it was henceforth to make itself a name in the armies of the West. UP AND DOWN THE RAILWAY. 195 XVI. UP AND DOWN THE RAILWAY. IN Alabama. The Eleventh Corps, just before the Twelfth on the road, was about Bridgeport ; the Twelfth, or part of it, at Stevenson. Both were under General Hooker. Notwithstanding the disasters of the battle of Chick- amauga, saved by the indomitable sturdiness of General Thomas, General Rosecrans had so far attained his object as to occupy Chattanooga. But his force was less than that of the enemy. He was closely confined in Chattanooga, the rebels holding Mission Ridge on the east, and Lookout Mountain on the west. His river and road communication with Bridgeport was cut off. His wagons had to come over a long and hard mountain road, and across the river. The railway from Nashville to Bridgeport, by which all his supplies must come, was exceedingly insecure. Therefore the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps found themselves under Rosecrans. It was on Sunday morning, Oct. 4, 1863, that the Second, after a few hours sleep in the low ground near the station, shook off the heavy dew. At ten o clock, it was called to the station again. The enemy had come 196 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. up through the mountain passes, and cut the road over which the Second had passed. At the station, a sentinel saw an orderly coming in advance of the regi ment : the star (the badge of the corps) attracted his attention, and he presented arms. As others, servants and the like, came on, he continued to salute. The regiment came ; and the sentinel, seeing that all wore stars, brought down his piece in disgust. "They are all brigadier-generals," said he. Corps-badges were then new to the Western armies. The brigade was going back to open the road ; and by railway to Decherd. It was thirty miles to that place. The road was a curiosity. Leading through a range of hills, it was built with considerable contempt of levels. It took three engines (one coming out of a siding to help) to get up one steep hill, and much time to get the three to pull together. There were deep cuts in the blue limestone, a tunnel of 2,228 feet in length, and one grade of 127 feet to the mile. The stone often seemed ready, by the great cracks, to tumble into the cuts. In the dark tunnel, "Never mind, boys," shouted one, "there s daylight ahead." At Decherd, it was learned that the rebels, ten thou sand strong, had occupied McMinnville, a little town ten miles off, at the end of a branch railway. The next afternoon, the regiment was moved by rail to Alisonia, at the crossing of Elk River, a town of one house. Learned that the rebels had cut the railway above, and that they were eighteen hundred strong. Out of rations, and the men got some from the regiments near UP AND DOWN THE RAILWAY. 197 by. There was a difference in regiments : Middle States soldiers drove a brisk trade with the hungry men ; when the Michigan men were offered pay, "Look here, stranger," was the indignant reply, "do you think we re mean enough to take pay for a little bread and pork?" On Tuesday, the expected cars did not come, and the regiments marched to Tullahoma, eight miles above. As the train with the horses was on the upper side of the break, officers and men were alike on foot. At Tullahoma, the Second had settled down, when, about ten, P.M., a train came along in which there was room for half a regiment more. Some General on the train ordered half of the Second in. Most of the cars were platforms, and it came oh to rain. The conductor, brakeman, &c., went into their part of the cars, and went to bed. The General went in, too. They waked up about four, A.M. ; and the train went on to near a burnt bridge, on a branch of Duck River, which put a stop to progress. Then it was learned that the rebels numbered fifteen thousand, with eighteen pieces of artillery. It was necessary to clean out the road by troops moving on each side. The Second (excepting the companies left under Major Francis near Tullahoma) was started on the left, and went first to Shelbyville, to catch rebel cavalry which had left that town ten hours before the regiment was ordered to begin its march. The road was often through magnificent groves of beech, oak, cedar, or walnut. From Shelbyville, a pretty town, the road soon became a partly-built pike, 198 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. some of it, swamp ; some, with heaps of broken stone ; some, with the stone levelled off; and, at last, a four- foot tumble in the dark, where they meant to build a bridge some day. At last, the troops were turned into a wood, candles were lighted, arms stacked, and shelters pitched in the rain, after eighteen miles marching. At five, A.M., Oct. 8, moved on two miles to Bellbuckle, a railway station ; and ten more to Chris tiana, another station ; having drawn part rations at Bellbuckle, cut down by General Rosecrans, of neces sity. At Christiana, facts dispersed the- previous rumors. The rebels had actually numbered four thousand men, with six or seven pieces of artillery. They had cut the road at Grierson s Creek (a mile below Wartrace) , at Christiana, and near Murfreesborough. Our pursuing cavalry had captured two guns and two hundred prisoners. On Friday evening, Oct. . 9, the road broken on Monday had been repaired, and three bridges built ; and the trains came through amidst cheers. So, early Saturday morning, the regiment started back towards Tullahoma. At evening, it was tangled up with a brook called Crooked Eun. After going through it eleven times, being marched twenty-three miles, turned into a sorghum field. On the road next day, and went through Crooked Run sixteen times more before sunrise ; wound up out of the valley mists at last, and soon reached Tullahoma ; and then to Alisonia the same day, to get ready for a powerful rain-storm. UP AND DOWN THE RAILWAY. 199 Twelve clays passed, guarding Elk-river Bridge with the Third Wisconsin, a colored regiment (which was a trusty one) , and a something New York. Across the river was Estell Springs, so named from Doctor Estell, who owned some springs, and laid Dut lots on which Southern people built board shanties, and used to live in awhile in -the summer. " They purtended it was for their health," said a solitary resident. "But it was to git shet o ther time ; and they didn t else know how to git shet o ther money." The springs remained, one " kollee-by-it ; " and thr.ee others welling out within two feet of each other, sulphur, lime, and pure water. On the 19th of October, General Kosecrans was relieved from command, and General George H. Thomas, an old acquaintance in Patterson s Campaign, took command of the Department of the Cumberland. Comfortable huts had been built. But the regiment went beechnutting, down to Anderson. That is, that was the result. Hooker was to clean out the south side of the Ten nessee, from Bridgeport to the western base of Lookout Mountain. He was ordered to concentrate the Eleventh Corps and one division of the Twelfth, at Bridgeport. On the 23d, the regiment reached Decherd ; on the 24th, Tantallon ; and on the 25th, Anderson. Ander son was a station, but no town. Mr. Anderson lived there, who owned five or six miles of valley and several mountains ; it was Big Crow-creek Valley, which bore excellent corn, the horses (they had got along) 200 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. thought. Bivouacked in a beautiful beech wood, and gathered nuts from crops inexhaustible. Saw brooks coming out of hills, and walked into caves. It was the old Creek country. Big Crow was a " big Indian." A variety of orders came : it took some time to untangle the snarl, but it was at last settled that there were too many troops, and our brigade was sent back. The Second Division went on, and took part in the * beautiful clearing-Tip of the south bank of the Ten nessee, in which, on the 28th, occurred the battle of Wauhatchie, in which Colonel Underwood, of the Thirty-third Massachusetts, was so severely wounded. So, on the 26th, faced northward ; re-crossed the mountain by the same abominable road, which a native said had not been used since the railway was opened : it was a succession of sharp ledges. Camped at Cowan twenty minutes. Then orders came by telegraph to take the train ; orders, half an hour later, to march instead, but fortunately the promptness of the Second had got ahead of the orders. At Bellbuckle, the engine gave out; about two, A.M., "Another engine is just coming." The Second was too old to be caught that way, made its coffee, lay down to sleep by the road, and waked in the morning to find that the other engine was still "just coming. " 4 Marched on, horses back at Cowan, and reached Christiana before the engine which was "just coming." There was a remarkably mean camp there, which some slovenly regiment had left. The Second tore it all down, and built a new one. They tore down a house UP AND DOWN THE RAILWAY. 201 or two besides, without building them up. Company C, Captain Brown, was stationed a few miles up the road, with Assistant-surgeon Nichols. So soon as camp was comfortably finished, somebody concluded to shift the troops round " to bring into juxtaposition the scattered parts of " some brigade, which they might have thought of a fortnight before, and so saved seventy miles of marching. On the 6th of November, the regiment moved ; left a fine camp to a set of as mean substitutes for a regiment as could be found ; stopped at Bellbuckle one night, and below Normandy another ; and on the 8th were back at Elk River to find the old huts gone, and to ransack the neighboring territory for materials for more. The search proved successful, and huts were built by the side of the fortifications command ing Elk-river Bridge, which the guns of the Second Kentucky Battery occupied. Company C, Captain Brown, was across the river, in one of the block-houses which were now built at points on the road from Nash ville to Chattanooga, and Companies I and E, Captain Grafton, and Lieut. Perkins, were afterwards stationed near Company C. Thanksgiving Day came round, Nov. 26. Fifty men, under Quartermaster Sawyer, went out earlier ; and, at a distance of fifteen miles, procured plenty of the necessaries of that day. The men s dinner was in this ratio, to every hundred men, fourteen geese, four turkeys, and forty chickens, besides a few quails, a pig, and some plum puddings. The brigade band (embrac ing part of the old regimental band which left Sept. 8, 202 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFAXTKY. 1862, discharged by act of Congress) got tired of waiting for the train, footed it home to the Second over eight miles of road, and furnished beautiful music. Public worship was held as usual. The officers of the Second, and those of the Second Kentucky Battery, fraternized in the evening. In December, 1863, the proposal of re-enlistment came before the regiment. It met with a favorable response. Many men could not re-enlist. Some were too much enfeebled by the hardships of war; to which, the age of some added another objection. Some could no longer with reason leave their families. But a sufficient number re-enlisted to secure the continuance of the Second. Towards this end, the valuable assistance of Rev. Thomas B. Fox, of Boston, contributed. Governor Andrew, solicitous for the comfort of the Massachusetts soldiers, sent this gentleman, as a special agent in behalf of the State, to its regiments in Tennessee and Georgia, and soldiers in hospitals, as had been before done to the regiments in the East. He reached the camp of the Second on the 28th of December, 1863. On the next day but one, he addressed the regiment, which was drawn up on three sides of a square. In an address of wonderful beauty, completeness, and eloquence, he brought the assurance of remembrance at home. When he who had given three sons to the army alluded to the one who had fallen in the line of the Second at Gettysburg, tears wet the cheeks of the hardy UP AND DOWN THE RAILWAY. 203 soldiery. Going on to Chattanooga, 1 he was able to materially expedite the arrangements by which the Sec ond was to be continued, and its re-enlisted men were to be sent home for the promised thirty days furlough ; and telegraphed the result to Colonel Cogswell. The re-enlistments dated from Dec. 31 ; and the Second was henceforth the SECOND EEGIMENT OF MASSACHU SETTS VETERAN VOLUNTEERS. It had earned the title. 1 At Lookout Mountain, Mr. Fox met a soldier of the Twelfth Wiscon sin. In conversation, he asked him if he knew the Third Wisconsin. " Yes, one of our officers came from that regiment." " Perhaps, then, you heard of the Second Massachusetts." "Heard of it? Yes. That and the Third Wisconsin make one regiment, and every man in them is fit to command the whole." 204 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. XVII. HOME AND BACK. Ox the 9th of January, 1864, the orders came to go to Massachusetts. The men who remained behind were moved to Tullahoma. The re-enlisted men, temporarily consolidated into five companies, on the 10th of Janu ary took cars at Estell Springs, and reached Nashville on a cold night about eleven o clock. The men were placed in Zollicoffer building, a dirty and disgusting place ; and the field and staff found it hard to get any shelter even for the night. Possibly some of the officers will remember the Donegana. Further trans portation was not provided until the 13th, when in the morning the trains started ; had the usual delays ; reached Louisville at dawn ; marched by way of New Albany to Jeffersonville to be ready at two, P.M., and to go at nine, P.M. ; reached Henryville at eleven, P.M., and there waited, by reason of some stupid blunderer, until the next forenoon ; went on to Indianapolis ; to Crest line ; to Cleveland ; to Buffalo ; to Albany ; crossed the Hudson on the ice, and reached Boston about five o clock, Jan. 19th. Crowded throngs were waiting ; but at that late hour HOME AND BACK. 205 the reception was deferred, and cheers accompanied the men to the barracks in Beach Street. That morning, the " Boston Advertiser" had said : " Among the old regiments re-enlisting, and returning home upon furlough, we learn that the Second Massachusetts may be expected to arrive, perhaps to-day. It will be with thin ranks, that this regiment will return to our streets, through which we saw it march thirty months ago with full numbers, and with all the brilliancy of a holiday parade. But what a glorious history has meanwhile been inscribed upon its colors ! " The Second Massachusetts was the first volunteer regiment raised for the three years service. The gentlemen who raised it, prominent among whom was the lamented Dwight, secured the permission, during the dark days which followed the attack upon Surater ; and the regiment marched on the 8th of July following. Its first opportunity to show its quality was in covering the retreat of General Banks from his advanced position in the Shenandoah Valley, in May, 1862; when the good discipline and steady conduct of this regiment was chiefly instrumental in saving the retreating force from over whelming disaster. Seventeen killed, forty-seven wounded, and eighty-four missing, was the price then laid down by this devoted corps for the safety of the army. At the unfortunate battle of Cedar Mountain, in August following, this regiment met the brunt of the fight, and lost thirty-four killed, one hundred and twenty wounded, and thirty-one missing; the killed including six officers, the noble Savage there meeting his mortal wound, and only eight, out of twenty-two offi cers, returning unhurt. At the turning of the tide of war at Antietam, in September, the regiment bore a distinguished part, losing thirteen killed, fifty-four wounded, and but two missing. Here the gallant Dwight laid down his life cheer fully and nobly. At Chancellorsville, the determined gallan try and solid discipline of the regiment gained for it the commendation of General Hooker in General Orders, twen- 206 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFAKTEY. ty-five killed telling the story of its conduct. At Gettysburg, it was once more the fortune of this regiment to meet the enemy at one of the turning-points of the war. Five color-bearers were laid low, one after the other : of two hundred and fifty men, twenty-one (including four officers, among whom was the youthful but heroic Mudge) were killed ; and many wounded, and few missing, again told the tale of steady valor. The regiment now belongs to the army of Grant. " Such a story is common-place enough upon paper, but it is nevertheless a remarkable chapter in the annals of military and patriotic devotion. Of thirty-six officers who left Boston with the regiment, but six will return with it. D wight, Savage, Abbott, Mudge, Gary, Goodwin, Williams, Robeson, and Perkins, with Fitzgerald, Fox, and Stone, have fallen nobly at the head of their men ; while Sedgwick and Shaw, who were among those who first marched forth with the regi ment to the field, have also fallen, one at Antietam, and the other on the parapet of Wagner. And, of the unnamed heroes of the ranks, what nobler record can there be than that of Antietam and Gettysburg, where, with a frightful loss in killed and wounded, but an insignificant fraction is set down as missing ? These are the men who are shot down in their places, but who neither surrender as prisoners, nor straggle. It is no invidious detraction from the honor of other regi ments to say, that, with perhaps one exception, the Second has been unequalled among the Massachusetts regiments for its cool endurance and steady conduct under the hottest fire. " We hope that when this gallant band marches through our streets, the citizens of Boston will give them a hearty wel come. Let the same enthusiasm which encouraged them at their departure welcome and cheer the returning veterans ! The colors which they bear have been bathed in the blood of the sons of Massachusetts time and again, but never, dishon ored. The staff has been shot away in the hands of the standard-bearer, but the ensign has never trailed in disgrace. HOME AND BACK. 207 The men who return are the companions of those whose memory is counted among the dearest of our treasures : they are themselves scarred and worn from a hundred gallant fights ; and yet they come to us, not to lay down their arms, as they might with honor, but to prepare for a return to their country s service for a new term, and for other fields yet to come, in which they will preserve the lustre of their past renown undimmed. Let our streets ring with cheers, let the national colors stream out once more ; and let us prove to these men, and all who are ready to imitate their deeds, that this city knows how to be grateful for patriotic service, and how to honor a gallant and persistent devotion to duty ! " The reception took place upon the next day. It fully showed, that the words of the "Advertiser" represented the popular heart. 1 Leaving Beach-street Barracks at 1 Among the tokens of the estimation of the regiment in one class of citizens was the following. It was not carried far, because meeting with universal approval. " We, the undersigned, wishing to give the Second Regiment a hearty welcome, agree to close our stores between the hours of 11.30, A.M., and 1, P.M., to-day : DENNY, RICE, & Co. GAY. RANDALL, & Co. GARDNER, DEXTER, & Co. PARKER, WILDER, & Co. F. SKINNER & Co. BARNES, MEKKIAM, Co. FROTHINGHAM & Co. DRESSER, STEVENS, & Co. J. C. HOWE & Co. BURR BROTHERS & Co. CHAS. AMORY & Co. WELLINGTON BKOTHERS & Co. MACKINTOSH, GREEN, & HORTON. STONE, WOOD, & Co. BURRAGE BROTHERS & Co. E. ALLEN & Co. EDWARDS, NICHOLS, RICHARDS. PIERCE BROTHERS & Co. FAULKNER, KIMBALL, & Co. ORDWAY, TEBBETTS, & Co. WASHBURN, WELCH, & CARR. WOODMAN, HORSWELL, & Co. J. C. CONVERSE & Co. ALLEN, LANE, & Co. WILSON, HAMILTON, & Co. E. 0. TUFTS & Co. J. C. BURRAGE & Co. WILKINSON, LAMB, & Co. JORDAN, MARSH, & Co. SMITH. GROSS, DANIELS, & Co! ANDERSON, HEATH, & Co. DALE BROTHERS Co. SWEETSER, SWAN, BLODGETT. 208 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. nine, A.M., under the escort of the Cadets, the regiment passed through dense and enthusiastic throngs. The route led to Washington Street, Boylston, Arlington, Beacon, Court, and State Streets to Faneuil Hall. Flags were displayed everywhere. Balconies and win dows were filled with ladies. Tumultuous cheers accompanied the men the whole distance. In State Street, the dense mass of warm-hearted citizens ren dered it almost impassable. Said the " Boston Post " : " The reception of the regiment yesterday was all that ad miration and gratitude could inspire. The huzzas that greeted the appearance of the veterans were no unmeaning vocife rations, but heartfelt, ejaculations. Hats were raised as they passed ; and " God bless you, brave men ! " were words uttered from many lips. Citizens of all classes and ages were eager to express their joy at the sight of the noble soldiers who have participated in so many deadly strifes, battling for their country." Of the greeting at Faneuil Hall, the "Advertiser" gave the following account : A grand reception by the State and City authorities and our citizens was given, Wednesday, to the gallant veterans of the Second Regiment, which arrived in this city on Tuesday night. Faneuil Hall was rather more decorated than on Sunday : there was a handsome addition on each side of the clock, con sisting of the State arms and shield : the galleries were also trimmed with streamers. As the Governor and staff, accom panied by Major-General Burnside and several invited guests, entered, the band performed " Hail to the chief ! " On the platform was the Mayor and many distinguished gentlemen. HOME AND BACK. 209 Mayor Lincoln presided, and by his invitation Rev. Dr. Lothrop asked the divine blessing upon the assembly. Mayor Lincoln then said, that, without asking permission of the com mander, he would order the veterans to relieve the tables of their load, an order which was immediately carried into execution. After the dinner was over, the Mayor rose, and spoke as follows : " Mr. Commander and Soldiers, Veterans of the Second Regiment, I consider it one of the happiest circumstances of my official career, that I have the privilege of welcoming you and your honored command to-day to Faneuil Hall. The City Council of Boston, appreciating your past services in behalf of the national cause, have desired, by the entertain ment which has been prepared for you, to give an expression of the feeling of our people now that you have returned to your homes. The reputation which you have already acquired claims our admiration ; but the welcome which you received is not confined to personal acquaintances or neighbors, but is shared, I can assure you, by the whole community. Starting from Boston as one of the earliest regiments of the war, our citizens have always watched your career with interest, taking a part, first, in the fortunes of the Army of Virginia ; then, with the Army of the Potomac ; and recently in the Department of the West. " You have always sustained the name and fair fame of Mas sachusetts, and she will never forget your services. I must confess to you, that some of us, who have remained at home when the country needed our services, have a little feeling of envy at the noble position which you have won for yourselves. Too many of us have come far short of the true stature of a man in this crisis of our nation s history, but we do not forget the homage due to those who have filled to the full measure all the requirements which every citizen owes to his country. It does not become me at this time to recount the number of 14 210 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. your engagements, or to speak of the fields where your valor has been tested ; but my duty is simply to introduce to you His Excellency the Governor, who will formally, in behalf of our honored Commonwealth, tender you that welcome which your merits and patriotic services deserve." Governor Andrew stepped forward, and was greeted with great applause and cheers. He spoke as follows : " Mr. Commander, Officers, and Men of the veteran and gal lant Second Massachusetts, Many a time and oft have the airs of Boston reverberated the shouts and the plaudits of the people of Massachusetts. Many a time and oft, during the long and great history of the Commonwealth, in which Boston has always borne a part, grand and conspicuous, have the arches of this venerable hall re-echoed the shouts of freemen ; but never on an occasion more full of pathos, more touching to the heart, more inspiring to the hopeful patriotism of American citizens. How inadequate, Mr. Commander, is all human speech for an occasion like this ! A hundred thou sand voices, speaking from the heart of a million of people, have already welcomed these veteran soldiers of our Union cause. How little it is to say to the soldier who for three years has perilled his life for his country, that we thank him for the sacrifice ; that we are grateful for the proffered offering of his life, if God chose to accept it ; that we prize his heroism, and will for ever praise his patriotic valor ! " If words were deeds, and deeds of men were the acts of Titans or demigods, they would be all too weak for such a day as this. Two hundred and twenty-two Massachusetts men, officers and soldiers of the Second Regiment of Volun teers, after nearly three years of constant, active, and devoted participation in all there is of peril, of exposure, and of valiant daring in the field, return to resume, for a few days only, the occupation of their homes, in order that with refreshed hearts and re-invigorated frames and recruited ranks they may march once more to the final crushing of the rebellion. HOME AND BACK. 211 " Mr. Commander and the Men of Second, the record of your fame is the delineation of your character. On the 18th day of July, 1861, you marched from this very city of Boston, bound for the fields of war, one thousand and forty -six strong. To-day, you march through the streets of Boston two hundred and twenty-two men, who, almost all of them of the original one thousand and forty-six who marched at the begin ning, have re-enlisted themselves anew for the war. " Men may praise the nobleness of the act, but only God can adequately bless the patriotic offering. To know how bravely and how well your work has been done, one needs to peruse the records of your carpp life, beginning in Roxbury, and to follow your course along the upper Potomac, down the valley of Virginia, back to Fredericksburg, over to Antietam, and down to Kentucky and Tennessee ; for, wherever you marched, you left a record of your glory behind you. " While history has a page, there shall be preserved, to be read of Americans during the great and long hereafter, the story of the Massachusetts Second covering the retreat of the army as they passed up the valley of Virginia in the actions of Winchester. " Men can never cease to remember the action of the Second lUlassachusetts in that trial battle of Gettysburg, where this sacred flag [the national ensign was here taken hold of and waved by the speaker amid vociferous cheers], now torn to rags by shot and shell, was the ensign you followed, and never deserted, but carried on to victory. " The noble standard-bearer who bore it fell by the bullet of the enemy. He kissed his mother earth in death; but the flag of your country still waved aloft, was snatched from the dying soldier s hand by a comrade, who in his turn bit the dust by the bullet of a foe. Again the flag, transferred without touching the earth, was passed to the hand of another Massachusetts boy; and five standard-bearers in succession bore this symbol of our cause on the field of Gettysburg. 212 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. And need I say, that, whenever this regiment has faced a foe, you have marched with victory upon your banner and death upon your bayonets. At Chancellorsville, not less than at Antietam, was the Second distinguished among the brave ; and, with the First and Second Massachusetts, it was specially designated for commendation in General Orders of the then Commander of the Army of the Potomac. " The old soldiers of the Second will notice, that I have not spoken as yet of the action of Slaughter Mountain. During all the conflicts of the war, there has been no braver conduct than yours on that terrible day. Your hearts will bear record for ever to the value of your comrades who fell that day. Your tears this morning, soldiers of the Second, shed for Savage and his noble compatriots, whose blood that day moistened the soil of Virginia and made it sacred, are a fitting tribute, such as no words of mine can imitate. " Of the men who marched from Massachusetts as members of the Second, already twelve officers have fallen in battle, and sleep in death. One hundred and fifty-three enlisted men have accompanied their officers to the grand review : three hundred and seventy-three have been discharged, invalided since the war began : twenty-two officers, and three hundred and forty-five men, have fallen by wounds not mortal. So distinguished has been the conduct of the regiment, and the members who composed it, that not less than thirty-nine of your officers and men have been translated from the Second to be commissioned, either by the President or myself, in other commands. " Your first colonel and lieutenant-colonel have long since borne distinguished titles, and performed with admirable distinction the duties of brigadier-generals in the United- States Army of Volunteers ; and both of them are to-day in command of divisions. One of your officers and forty-two of your men, in the ordinary course of the dispensations of Provi dence, without wound in battle or material injury in the service, HOME AXD BACK. 213 by natural causes, have passed away. Some of your comrades are left behind in the hospitals : some of them, on detached service, could not be reached to ascertain their purpose? whether to enlist again, or be discharged at the end of their original term. But, whatever may be the decision of those men, there is no Massachusetts heart, no citizen of our com mon country, who can fail to declare ; nor can I fail, as the official representative of the Commonwealth, now and for ever to declare, that all that men could dare, and all that men could do, for the cause of their country imperilled, on the field, the Second Massachusetts has dared and has done. " And now, fellow-citizens, civilians of Massachusetts, thank this noble regiment by recruiting its ranks, and marching by its side. Fill up to the original one thousand and forty-six, during this brief furlough, their wasted ranks. Let at least five hundred men from Massachusetts return with these two hundred and twenty-two to the field of war. Thus will we thank the noble and brave for what they have already achieved: thus may we attest our gratitude to those who have elected to remain, and fight anew for that standard, so long as the American flag shall float above the American soil. " Now, Mr. Commander and Soldiers of the Second, I have not attempted by words to declare how deep is the gratitude of the Massachusetts heart toward the living, how sacred our remembrance for the memory of the dead. Brave and true men, lean not on the speech, rely not on the assurance of the lips. Soldiers, you know that from the bottom of her heart, Massachusetts admires, reveres, and loves you all." Colonel Cogswell responded as follows : " Your Excellency, I cannot find words fit for my feelings to-day. To use an expression of your own, no poor power of speech of mine can adequately express my feelings of thankful ness and gratitude to our kind friends that have received us here to-day. But the mind will go back to thirty-two months 214 SECOXD MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. ago, when this regiment, of which that before you is but a fragment, entered the service of their country. Thirty-two months ago! and Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Beverly Ford, and Gettysburg ! Thirty-two months ago ! and Dwight and Savage and Mudge, and that long, sad list which I will not recall to-day ! When I say to Your Excellency, that these men, with the experience they have had ; with the hardships, sufferings, and dangers that they have seen and dared, have re-enlisted, I have said enough for a lifetime in their praise. Let me also say, that, while the Government of our common country has ever been before our eyes, we have ever been mindful of the per sonal kindness, interest, and affection of the Chief Magistrate of our own native State ; and let me add one more word, and that is, Your Excellency, with our ranks filled up we will go forth again as readily as ever to finish the work which we have left unfinished, and which we think, thank God ! will soon be done." The Governor then thanked the First Battery, Captain McCartney, for their services in firing the salutes on Sunday and yesterday ; and complimented them as being one of the best artillery organizations that has served during the war. The Governor also read a despatch from Captain Adams of the First Cavalry, stating that most of his company had re- enlisted, and would soon be home on their furlough. This announcement was received with cheers. General Burnside, who had joined the column in front of the State House, and had been greeted with an enthusiastic welcome, was introduced by the Governor, and received with nine cheers. He spoke as follows : " Ladies and Gentlemen and Comrades, If I were ever capable of addressing an assembly like this to-day, I should be unable to do so now, from the fact that my head is almost turned with the kindness I have received since I left the HOME AND BACK. 215 Governor s room this morning. My heart has been made proud at witnessing the reception you have had at the hands of your friends at home. I am the more happy because you so well deserve it. I am glad to know that the dark, hard scenes through which you have passed are remembered by your fellow-citizens ; and that there is a recompense of grati tude and kind feelings in store for all of us who have served in the field, when we return. I have had the honor of com manding this regiment, not immediately in the presence of the enemy, but on two distinct occasions, when I had command of the left wing of the army at Harper s Ferry, and once when you formed a portion of the Army of the Potomac. " I have followed your history with very great pride and with very great admiration. You were commanded first by a college mate of mine. We passed some three years together at West Point, he being one year my senior. I became, during that association, very much attached to him ; and neces sarily followed his regiment with very deep interest. The scenes through which you have passed since have necessarily attracted my attention and admiration. Lately we have been laboring in the same field ; and we ought to feel that we have been fully recompensed by the success that has attended our labors in East Tennessee. I, like you, comrades, have come home to see my friends ; and have been ordered to recruit the ranks of the regiments that I have the honor to command, to the number of fifty thousand men. That I propose to try to do. I, like you, propose to return at the proper time to fight again. Let us go determined to sustain, support, and fight for, that grand old flag [pointing to the flag of the regiment] until we shall wave it over every inch of territory that belongs to the Government of the United States. I know that you are as .fixed on that purpose as you can be, and I hope that I may be able to con tinue in the same resolution until this rebellion is crushed. " My friends, I cannot find words to thank you for the man- 216 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. ner in which you have received me. You may be assured that my heart turns kindly toward Massachusetts as well as Massachusetts soldiers. I have had more Massachusetts men under my command, proportionately, than men from any other State in the Union. I have always found the men loyal, gal lant soldiers ; and have never called upon them to perform a duty which they had not willingly and efficiently done. I have never seen a Massachusetts regiment turn its back upon the enemy. I have never seen the soldiers or officers of a Massachusetts regiment waver or shake under any trial that has been brought to bear upon them." General Burnside then spoke at some length upon general issues. At the close, the regiment fell in, and marched to Coolidge Block, Court Street, where the arms and equipments were deposited, and the men were, furloughed for their thirty days. "The noble ovation," said the "Post," "awarded by a grateful community yesterday to the Second Regiment, was characterized by a scene in Faneuil Hall so unusual as to make a marked occasion, even for that renowned place. The galleries were crowded, the fair sex being well represented : the military occupied the floor ; and a brilliant official cortege filled the platform. All around, in festoons, were bright national ensigns that had seen but peaceful service. By the side of the plat form was the dingy regimental flag which the veterans had borne through the smoke and carnage of their bat tles. It never fell ! For, as the death-shot struck one bearer, another would rush to seize it as it was falling, and so it was ever borne up and ever borne on. It was the silent, eloquent, powerful orator of the occasion, HOME AND BACK. 217 a touching witness of the valor of the dead and of the living. The words uttered were brief and direct, and were listened to, as the honored dead were named, in solemn silence and in tears ; or, as the heroism was remembered, they met electric responses. The fervent prayer of Dr. Lothrop ; the brief welcome of the mayor ; the felicitous recital of the work done by the regiment, by the governor ; and the grateful and soldier like acknowledgment of the colonel, were feeling and impressive. . . . Then the veterans and their fine escort left the hall. Their healthy, robust look ; their jaunty marching and military bearing, indicative of high disci pline, won warm encomiums. There have been many occasions of deep interest, but none with more of the moral and the sublime than the touching and inspir ing rounding off of a just ovation to the Second Massachusetts Regiment in Faneuil Hall." It was ardently hoped that the regiment might be recruited to its maximum. The officers were ready to enter into the work ; and the assurance was given by noble and liberal friends that all moneys needed should be furnished. But it was immediately found that the orders of the War Department were such, that General Hancock had control of enlistments, to fill up the corps he was raising. This put an effectual block in the way, which no efforts at the proper quarters could remove. It was a sad result to the regiments ; but matters were put in such train, that recruits were subsequently raised and forwarded. This effort will be noticed further on. On Monday (the 22d), the regiment reported at 218 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Beach-street barracks. On Tuesday, at half-past four, P.M., it left Boston. At Albany in the morning; left Buffalo at half-past eleven, P.M. ; left Cleveland at nine, A.M., Thursday; reached Galion at noon, and left at half-past three ; at Indianapolis at ten, A.M., Friday, and left at nine, P.M. ; at Louisville Saturday morning, left at half-past four; at Nashville, seven, A.M., Sunday, and left at half-past four, Monday, P.M., in execrable cars through whose roofs the rain poured steadily ; reached Tullahoma at half-past two, Tuesday morning, and in a drenching rain met the officers of the detach ment left behind, who by the light of lanterns led the men to shelter. On that day the returned men went into camp with the companies remaining, who had been moved from Elk Eiver to Tullahoma. Here was General Slocum s headquarters ; also General Williams s and General Ruger s, corps, division, and brigade. Colonel Cogs well was made post-commandant, and (Lieutenant- Colonel Morse being on the staff of General Slocum) Major Francis commanded the regiment. FOR ATLANTA. 219 XVIII. I FOR ATLANTA. LIFE was uniform at Tullahoma. Usual duty went on, guard-mounting, drill, and parade. Captain Parker was provost ; Quartermaster Sawyer, post quarter master ; Adjutant Fox, post adjutant. Divers dances, several excursions to cave and waterfall, and such like, varied the monotony ; while the prisoners tossed each new-comer in a blanket. The Christian Commission meetings were well attended. Everybody got vac cinated, because the smallpox was raging in the post hospital near by. The soldier s graveyard was put in order by the chaplain, by direction of Colonel Cogs well ; although none of the Second lay there. Boards were tolerably plenty after the colonel had conscripted a sawmill. Guerillas made a raid a few miles off, and tore up the railroad, and shot a few prisoners they had taken. General Slocum had a reception or two. The Twenty-seventh Indiana came to Tullahoma, the other regiments of the brigade being scattered up and down. Colonel Cogswell remained post commandant, until April llth, when Colonel Colgrove succeeded. General Grant was in command of the Departments 220 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. of the Tennessee, Cumberland, and Ohio, which he had assumed on the 19th of October, 1863 ; General George H. Thomas commanding the Army of the Cumberland (in which was the Twelfth Corps), relieving General Rosecrans. General Thomas, whom the country knows, the Second had seen while under General Patterson in 1861. General Sherman commanded the Army of the Tennessee. On the 12th of March, Lieu- tenant-General Grant was assigned to the command of the armies of the United States ; and General Wm. T. Sherman succeeded General Grant in command of the Armies of Ohio, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee, to the last of which, General McPherson was assigned. On the 4th of April, the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated. The order gave the number "First" to the corps thus formed, but it was soon changed to that of "Twentieth." General Hooker was assigned to its o command. The corps badge of the Twelfth that of a five-pointed star was adopted as that of the new corps, on the generous suggestion of officers of the Eleventh. Generals Howard (of the Eleventh) and Slocum (of the Twelfth) were thus relieved from command, and were assigned to other duty, General Howard to the Fourth, in place of Gordon Granger; and General Slocum to report at Yicksburg. The divisions of the Twentieth were commanded thus : First, General A. S. TV illiams ; Second, General John W. Geary ; Third, General Daniel Butterfield. The relieving of General Slocum was a disappoint ment to his corps. They had proved his ability. FOR ATLANTA. 221 Before his leaving, the officers of the Second, and of the other regiments at the post, called upon him to pay their respects, in the evening of April 7. The excellent band of the brigade gave the music. Gen eral Slocum, who resided in the summer residence of Judge Catron, house delightfully situated on the brow of the hill overlooking the creek, soon appeared at the door. Colonel Cogswell addressed him, and ex pressed the feelings of the large number of officers well, as follows : " General Slocum : The officers of my own regiment, as well as many of those at this post, have desired me to act as their representative in expressing to you their feelings on your retiring from the command of this corps. To act as their representative gives me great pleasure, but, on this occasion, it is to perform a duty which is indeed most sad and unpleasant. I cannot tell you with how much regret we have heard the order that takes you from us as our com mander. An officer who has shown himself so much a soldier in the camp and on the field, and so much a gentleman in his quarters, as you have, cannot leave his command without the bitter and heartfelt regrets of every officer and man in it ; and I assure you, that, wherever you may go, you cannot go where their blessing will not follow you as long as you live. To bid 1 good bye to you, sir, is to bid l good bye to one for whom we have feelings of the highest respect, in whom we have the most perfect confidence, and whom we believe to be our tru est and best friend. Words are useless. Your own con sciousness of having at all times done your whole duty teaches you, that you have won our highest admiration and esteem, and that you cannot leave us without our sincerest regrets ; and our presence here to-night shows you, that we have tried to appreciate your manly and soldierly qualities. 222 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. In bidding you good bye, we ask that you will try to secure for us our old corps-badge. And, again, in bidding you fare well, we ask that God s blessing may always be with you." Every word was true. The General replied, but it was impossible to reduce to writing the kind response, it was so broken with emotion. Some could see, as the lights flashed among the trees, the tears on the cheek of the brave and beloved leader. He invited the officers all into his quarters, where the entire evening was socially spent. A review took place on Friday, at which the general addressed a few words of parting to the men whom he had always been proud to lead, the bronzed veterans of many hard battlefields. The departure of General Slocum returned Lieu tenant-Colonel Morse to the regiment. On the 27th of April, came orders to move "to-mor row." "Five days rations, three in haversacks, and two in wagons. And also sixty rounds of cartridges, forty in boxes and twenty in wagons. The General will be sounded at eight, A.M., to-morrow, and the Assembly at nine." That noon, the thermometer stood at 89, but it rained in the night. "To-morrow" came, and with it a regiment to relieve the Second. The regiment broke camp, and at nine, A.M., was on the road. The movement to Atlanta was begun. Camped that evening at Decherd ; rain in the night. Moved next day north-easterly ; down in the low ground, and over the rough Breakfield Hill, through maple, hickory, and black oak; halted awhile at the FOR ATLANTA. 223 site of the famous unbuilt "University of the South," and inspected the shattered corner-stone ; camped a mile or two onward, where Sheridan lay the summer before ; and experienced a flooding thunder-storm in the night. On the 30th, moved early ; down a long descent, it rained at eleven o clock, up a long ascent, and then down the steepest and roughest of attempted roads, where the w T agons had to be let down by ropes ; then into the beautiful valley of Battle Creek, and camped near the creek, about eight miles above Bridge port. Mustered for payment that evening. The next day, little more than three miles brought the troops in sight of the Tennessee, and, on an apparently partly- built railway, the regiment followed its course to Bridgeport ; crossed the Tennessee ; drew rations on the south bank ; kept on until after dark, and camped near Nickajack Cave, which was inspected next morning. McPherson was at Bridgeport that day. On the 2d, reached Whiteside. Assistant Surgeon Nichols was detailed to the Twenty-seventh Indiana. On the 3d, went by way of Wauhatchie, around the north of Lookout, on a new and roughly macadamized army- road, to three miles south of Chattanooga. On the 4th, . passing by the house where John Ross was born, and resting on the battle-ground of Chickamauga at noon, camped by Gordon s Mills, on the Chicka mauga Creek. Our Third Brigade had joined us. On the 5th, left at half-past six, A.M. ; five miles found Peavine Church ; passed Leet s Mills, and bivouacked, in position, back of Taylor s Eidge. Tunnel Hill was 224 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. four miles the other side of the ridge ; and seven hundred men, from the First Division, that night picketed the ridge, which was disputed ground. How ard, Fourth Corps, was moving out towards Tunnel Hill on our left. We were getting near the enemy. On the morning of the 6th, the Army of the Ohio w T as near Red Clay, directly north of Dalton ; the Army of the Cumberland at Ringgold and westward ; the Army of the Tennessee, near and beyond Gordon s Mills. Sherman had brought the scattered corps of his army together for his great campaign. The army numbered 98,797 men and 254 guns. The army of the Cumberland, Major-General Thomas, included the Fourth Corps, General Howard ; the Four teenth, General John M. Palmer; and the Twentieth, General Hooker; infantry, 54,568; artillery, 2,377; cavalry, 3,828; total, 60,773, and 130 guns. The Army of the Tennessee, Major-General McPherson, included the Fifteenth Corps , General Logan ; part of the Sixteenth, General Dodge ; and part of the Seven teenth, General Blair; infantry, 22,437; artillery, 1,404; cavalry, 624; total, 24,465, and 96 guns. Of the Army of the Ohio, was only the Twenty- third Corps, General Schofield ; infantry, 11,183; artillery, 679 ; cavalry, 1,697 ; total, 13,559, and 28 guns. 1 On the 6th of May, transportation was cut down to one wagon to each regiment. The original twenty- five, which left home, had, by successive reductions, 1 Sherman and Ms Campaigns, p. 181. FOR ATLANTA. 225 come to the last point, to the great advantage of cam paigning. On the 6th, lay quiet on the creek, Faught s Creek. General Thomas came along. General Hooker was himself at Leet s Mills in the morning. On the 7th, left at five, A.M. ; took the Alabama Road to Nickajack trace, then followed that over Taylor s Ridge, and west to Trickum Post-office, the advance meeting a slight opposition, and making some noise with their musketry. The corps were in this order from left to right, 23d, 4th, 14th, 20th, and McPherson. Kilpatrick s Cavalry was out in front. Rocky Face Ridge, which the rebels held, cleft by Buzzard s Roost Gap, was in sight. On Sunday (the 8th) , public worship was held in the morning, afternoon, and evening. At other hours, the men idly watched the puffs of smoke from the enemy s guns at Buzzard s Roost as they replied to artillery on our left. On Monday, heard heavy firing on both right and left. Newton s Division of the Fourth Corps carried the ridge, but found the crest too narrow to reach the gorge ; Geary made a bold push for the summit, but found it too strongly held, and his wounded went along by us. Meanwhile amusing the enemy in front, General Sherman had sent, on that day, McPherson through Snake-creek Gap upon Resaca ; which he came near on the 9th, but did not occupy. He fell back to the Gap, and the Twentieth Corps was ordered to join him, to be followed by the Fourteenth Corps and Schofield. The Second moved half an hour after midnight, in the 15 226 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. morning of the 10th ; followed a road in the valleys to the gap ; halted in the rain ; in the afternoon went nearly through the gap, and camped. At nine, P.M., a severe rain-storm flooded the valley. Eemained in the same place on the llth, the remainder of the army (except the Fourth Corps, which was left in front of Dalton) coming through the gap. A steady stream of men passed on, as they did all the next day. The enemy were moving out of Dalton, and their trains could be seen from the ridge. On the llth, Captain Howard, formerly of the Second, dropped into camp. He was chief signal officer of McPherson. On the 13th, broke camp at six, A.M., and moved out two or three miles. The whole army was in the plain between Snake-creek Gap and Eesaca. Heard the noise of Howard s guns as he was pressing the rebel rear above and through Dalton. Firing was also heard on the right. That day, went some miles towards Eesaca, and the troops were in position. About five o clock, on the morning of the 14th, there was considerable firing. Brisk skirmishing was kept up in front all the forenoon. The rebel army was in posi tion behind Camp Creek, and occupying strong works previously built for such an emergency, their left resting on the Austanaula a little west of Eesaca, and their line curving again to the river, which makes here a sharp bend. At one o clock, the fire grew furious, and so continued for two hours. McPherson, on the right, was driving Folk s Corps from the hills that commanded FOR ATLANTA. 227 the railroad and trestle bridges, while Thomas was pressing the enemy along the creek. At four o clock, the fire re-opened with severity. At sunset it was heavy, but McPherson kept the hills. The Second, in the morning, had spent some time in changing position ; in the afternoon, it had thrown up works, according to orders ; but it was not engaged. In the early part of the night, it was moved a couple of miles towards the left of the line, where the Fourth Corps had been heavily engaged. Schofield (Twenty-third Corps) had come in on the left, towards the river ; the Twentieth Corps was next ; then Howard, with the Fourth Corps ; then Fourteenth ; and then McPherson. The night was tolerably quiet ; but the battle-field smell in the low ground was annoying, that indescriba ble odor in marshy land, after a battle in hot days. The morning of the 15th was also quiet. But in the forenoon came an order to send a regiment on reconnois- sance. The rebel works were so hidden and complica ted in the woods as to render it difficult to know their position. For this delicate service, in broad daylight, the Second Massachusetts was selected. There was a dead silence when the regiment laid down knapsacks, and went off into the woods, double column on the centre. Colonel Cogswell put out skir mishers and flankers, and some engineers were with the regiment. They proceeded three-quarters of a mile; discovered what they were sent to ascertain, whether a particular hill was held in force by the enemy, as it was ; encountered the rebel s entrenched outposts, and 228 SECOXD MASSACHUSETTS IXFANTRY. drew their fire. The volley was heard by the brigade. Its result was awaited in painful suspense. Soon the regiment emerged, with two wounded. Butterfield s Division was immediately moved for ward. It was an hour before the battle opened. The key-point had been found, a height crowned with a strong work, and held by artillery. Soon Williams s Division was moved on at double-quick, and joined the left of Butterfield. The attack of the latter was upon the hill. Of Williams s Division, the 1st Brigade was on the right, the 2d next, the 3d on the left. The line curved round the base of the hill. On the left of the 3d Brigade was cavalry, soon replaced by a brigade of the 23d Corps. Of the 3d Brigade, the regiments ran from left to right, thus : 27th Indiana, Second Massa chusetts, 3d Wisconsin, 150th New York, 13th New Jersey. The line was formed, but soon moved on an eighth of a mile to the front edge of a wood, a field with standing wheat before it. Connections were kept with Butterfield who was busy on the right, and the brigade again moved across the field, and into a wood which covered an ascending slope. Colonel Colgrove soon went forward to the skirmish line, and discerned the enemy pouring out of their works in force. He immediately led his regiment up the slope, accompanied by the Second. The regiments on the left moved forward also, wheeling a little to the right, and across the road. The rebels met both lines, and an unexpected fire. It was so furious that they fell back in disorder, followed by the brigade, and were driven into their FOR ATLANTA. 229 works. The brigade again took its position. Twice more, at intervals, the enemy came out in force; and both times were met on the crest, and driven back with slaughter,, leaving their dead and wounded. The losses were comparatively few in number, but they could illy be spared. No officers were killed or wounded. Of the enlisted men, Morrissey, of F, was killed ; Greenough, of B ; Aborn and Corporal Eowe, of C ; Leary, of D ; and Cronin and Pierson, of I, were mortally wounded. Wounded not mortally, Morse ( A. ) and Minor, of A ; Lovejoy and Kenny (M.), of B; Murray, of C; Leary, Corporal King (O. M.), Pierce (H. S.), Corporal Priest, and Sergeant Thompson, of D ; Greenwood and Metcalf (G. O;), of E; Bohman and Lawson, of G; Mur phy (John 1st) and Smith (Wm.), of H ; Pierson, of I ; and Springer, of K. That night the Second rested under the slope. The six hundred wounded of the First Division were back in the division hospital, where Surgeon Heath and others of the division worked all night. Kebel wounded were there also, and received the same care as the men of the division. In the night there was a sudden outbreak of artillery, but it soon ceased. In the morning, it was found that the rebels had evacuated. One of Sherman s flanking operations, across the river below, had necessitated their removal. The whole army immediately followed. The corps moved by different roads, and crossed at different places. The Second Massachusetts, after a blunder of 230 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. somebody above, who led the division wrong, bent east ward, and crossed the river by a temporary bridge about due east of Eesaca ; went on to the Coosawattee, and camped on its northern bank. On the 17th, crossed the river in the rain, and marched eight miles towards Cass- ville. Fighting was heard off on the right : it was that of Xewton s Division near Adairsville. On the 18th, roused at three, A.M. ; moved at nine o clock ; halted on a hill, and prepared to camp ; ordered on again, and, by crooked roads, finished twenty miles, camping north east of Kingston, and not far from Cassville. The enemy was strongly fortified at Cassville, and occupied that place in force. Johnston had determined to risk a battle there, and had ordered all the inhabitants out of the village. On the 19th, it was approached. General Schofield was on the left, then the Twentieth Corps, and McPherson in supporting distance near Kingston. After marching three or four miles through woods, the corps suddenly emerged into open ground in front of a range of successive hills ; and, formed in line of battle, moved forward. Skirmishers were busy in front, and there was a slight artillery fire. The corps pressed on, and drove the rebels out of two or three suc cessive lines of breastworks among the hills. After sun set, the troops came out into a plain in front of the village, just back of which were the rebel works. The enemy occupied the village, and those of the Second which chanced to be directly in front of the town pressed up to within a few yards of an orchard in which the rebel skirmishers lay. Firing took place, and on the left the FOR ATLANTA. 231 blaze of musketry was decidedly lively, while soldiers were ringing the bell of a deserted seminary just at the edge of the town. Works of rails were hastily thrown up, and the men were under arms. But, when the sun rose, the rebels had left the town. Johnston, it is reliably stated, could not depend on his corps commanders, who declared they could hold neither flank. So he left in the night. General Sherman here gave his army a few days rest, and opportunity to get some supplies. The Second remained at Cassville. Here the men not re-enlisting, with seven officers, left caup for the North. It was a scene of deep emotion wl.en the brave comrades separated. Regarding the men leaving, General Williams issued the following order : HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION TWENTIETH CORPS, CASSVILLE, GA., May 22, 1864. SPICIAL ORDERS, No. 21. [Extract.] The officers and enlisted men of Second Maasaclu:- Volunteer Infantry whose term of service expires on. the 22d inet. being about to leave the division, the brigadier -^vneraj conmanding embraces the occasion to acknowledge, in an oficial form, the marked gallantry, uniform good conduct, superior discipline, and constant fidelity to duty, which have characterized them during the long period they have been urder his confmand. He parts from then} with the deepest regret, and with the nDst cordial wishes for the future prosperity and happiness of eich individual. The recollections of their severe trials and sufferings, of tleir patient and heroic endurance, and of the many great 232 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. battles in which they have borne a distinguished part during the three years of active duty in the field, will prove, he ventures to hope, not only a source of honest pride, but an endearing incentive to a future life of pure and devoted patriotism, of honorable personal conduct, worthy of the dis tinguished name they have so faithfully won in the cause of union. By command of BRIGADIER-GENERAL A. S. WILLIAMS, Commanding Division. S. E. PITTMAN, Captain and A. A, G. For the few days of rest, General Thomas s army was at and about Cassville ; General Schofield s at Cassville Station, and Howard s at Etowah Bridge ; and General McPherson at Kingston, about eight miles east of Cassville ; while General J. C. DaTis had got Rome with its forts, mills, and foundries. The enemy held Alatoona Pass, a formidable positbn on the railway, southward. Sherman determined to turn it by a circuit to the right, that is, westward. He loaded the wagons with forage and subsistence for twenty days, and left the railway on the 23d of Map. General Thomas s army was to go by way of Euharbe and Burnt Hickory, being the central of the three columns. The Second left Cassville at four, A.M., May 2J, in command of Lieutenant-Colonel Mors$, and mate about ten miles in a very hot and dusty day, hearing distant cannonade. It crossed the Etowah aboit noon, on pontoons. Marched all the next day, ae guard to the division ordnance trains, passing ova- FOR ATLANTA. 233 the Alatoona Hills ; and lay all night in the rain, on the south side of Eaccoon Creek, some distance in rear of the corps. Started at daylight on the 25th, in the cold and wet ; rejoined the brigade ; crossed Pumpkin-vine Creek, and went to within three miles of Dallas, where the division faced about, marched to the rear, re-crossed the creek, and moved to the left to the support of General Geary. Hooker, with Geary s Division, had encountered the enemy on a parallel road, and had a severe encounter. He got his other divisions up from the other roads, about four P.M., and, by Sherman s order, " made a bold push to secure possession of New- Hope Church, where three roads, from Ack worth, Mari etta, and Dallas, meet." A hard battle was fought with Stewart s Division of Hood s Corps, but the enemy was covered by earthworks. A stormy and dark night set in, and Hooker was unable to accomplish his purpose. The Second was not engaged. When it re-crossed Pumpkin-vine Creek, it was left with a battery, by special detail from General Hooker, to destroy the bridge just crossed, and hold the position against the possible passage of any of the enemy by that road, from Dallas. It was thus prevented from participating in the bloody battle of that day, in which its division suffered severely. On the 26th, 27th, and 28th, the regiment remained in the same position at the crossing. On the morning of the 27th, it heard heavy firing on the left. Four teen recruits arrived from Massachusetts that day. These were the first instalment of recruits raised by 234 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. special efforts of friends in Massachusetts. In connec tion with this effort, in which Wm. F. Oakey, Esq., of !N T ew York, warmly assisted, the following paper should be preserved, although it records the names of only a portion of the subscribers : To the Friends of the Second Regiment. The Massachusetts Second Infantry Regiment was raised in April, 1861, at the suggestion, and with the co-operation of very many of our prominent citizens. It is now the oldest volunteer organization in the United-States service. Its repu tation for thorough discipline, patient endurance, heroic gal lantry, and entire efficiency, was early acquired, and has never been lost. Notwithstanding its great labors and services already ren dered, the regiment has re-enlisted for another term of three years ; but, in May, when the first term expires, it will have only about two hundred officers and men. Now, volunteering, however brisk it may be in general, will not, without some special stimulus, fill its ranks. The State may meet all the calls of the President, and yet this regiment, and others such as this, may receive very little benefit. This is the universal experience of those acquainted with recruiting. The organ ization and efficiency of this regiment cannot, therefore, be preserved, without the aid of private enterprise. Will not the glory of its history, the dear memories of the brave hearts that have fallen fighting under its flag, its value to the service, and the credit it has always gained for the State, stimulate its friends to this work ? To this should be added the special consideration, that the regiment is now with the Army of the Cumberland, and the only Massachusetts regiment in the Twelfth Corps. The Western regiments, with whom it serves, have been recruited largely ; and it becomes, in some sort, a matter of State pride, that this representative organiza tion from Massachusetts, should also be recruited. FOR ATLANTA. 235 The most efficient way of accomplishing this work, is to raise a fund, with which to pay a small premium, varying in amount, from time to time, but averaging about $20 for each recruit, in addition to the regular bounties. Two hundred and fifty men a valuable addition to the regiment would, at this rate, cost about $5,000. Shall not that sum, at least, be raised ? The Treasurer has already received, and herewith acknowl edges, the following contributions, and is happy to state that twenty-five recruits, obtained in the manner set forth, are now in camp. Contributions may be sent to ROBERT M. MORSE, JR. Barrister s Hall, 7, Court Square, Boston. BOSTON, April 1, 1864. Mar. 12, James Savage, . . . S100 Mar. 19, F. G. Shaw, N.Y. . . $50 14, Fred. Beck, .... 50 23, Wm. F. Oakey, N.Y. . 100 Joseph Coolidge, . . 50 24, G. C. Ward, . 100 S. Frothingham, jr. . 25 26, L. Tuckerman, . 100 George Ticknor, . . 50 28, Mrs. G. R. Russell, . 50 15, William Dwight, . . 50 29, VV. F. Gary, N.Y. . 100 16, William Perkins, . . 100 Mrs. Gary, .... 100 17, Samuel Frothingham, 25 Apr. 1, Dan l G. Bacon, N.Y. 100 19, Wm. Mountford, . . 25 On the 28th, heavy firing along nearly the whole line. The regiment was surrounded by the wounded of the Fifteenth Corps. On the 29th, pursuant to orders from division head quarters, the regiment started back for Kingston, as escort to a train of a hundred and seventeen wagons, laden with wounded men of the Twentieth Corps. After a tedious march over the Allatoona Mountains, reached Kingston at noon on the 31st. The regiment remained in camp there until June 4th, when, the wagon-trains of the whole army having been refilled 236 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. with supplies, the Second, with many other regiments, started to guard them back to their commands. On this march back, Captain Crowninshield was wounded by guerrillas, June 6th, at Eaccoon Creek: it was his fourth wound. The regiment reached its brigade on the 8th, which it found in front of the enemy s strong position on Lost Mountain : it brought back sixty recruits. During the absence of the Second, General Sherman s operations, working to the left continually, had turned Allatoona Pass ; the enemy, on the 4th, had abandoned their entrenchments at New-Hope Church, and moved back to Lost Mountain ; General Sherman had occupied Ackworth, and reached railway, south of the pass, on the 6th ; had determined to fortify and garrison the pass as a secondary base. The railway bridge over the Etowah was rebuilding, and supplies soon came by rail. The army was in front of the mountain chain held by the enemy, in which they covered Marietta. Pine Mountain formed the apex, and Kenesaw and Lost Mountains the base of a triangle. On each peak, the enemy had signal stations. On the 9th of June, Gene ral Sherman moved forward, McPherson towards Marietta, his right on the railway ; Thomas on Kenesaw and Pine Mountains ; and Schofield off towards Lost Mountain, cavalry on the left, and cavalry on the right, and McCook looking to the rear and communications. In this movement, the Second found itself on the llth confronting Pine Mountain. It formed its line in the FOR ATLANTA. 237 woods, and built heavy breastworks directly under the enemy s batteries, who opened fire. It was a rainy day. So it was on the 12th. Rained all night. The ground was a mere swamp. On the 14th, the mud dried somewhat. Firing from near General Thomas s O headquarters. In the sharp cannonading from Hooker s left and Howard s right, the rebel Polk was killed. On the 15th, steady firing. The enemy left their position on Pine Mountain. Thomas and Schofield advanced, and found them strongly entrenched on the line of rugged hills connecting Kenesaw and Lost Mountains. At two, P.M. , the Second moved to the right, and advanced ; but the division (the First) was in reserve, though it had a few wounded, while the Second Division was heavily engaged. Operations were pushed on the IGth ; heavy firing of artillery and infantry ; the lines (includ ing those of the Second) were pushed close to the enemy s works. The rebel shells fell into the hospital, and the wounded were sheltered behind the breastworks. The firing had hardly ever been equalled in the experi ence of the regiment. The rebels were forced to evacuate on the morning of the 17th. The skirmishers of the Second (with the other forces) advanced, and drove the enemy into their next line, where the Second halted, and threw up new works. It rained all the 18th : the Fourth Corps was firing, but there was no general engagement, and the wounded of the Twentieth Corps were being sent back. It rained all night, and the roads were in a horrible condition. The enemy, on the 19th, had fallen back, their centre (Loring s) on 238 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Kenesaw ; their right (Hood s) covering Marietta, resting on the Marietta and Canton Road ; their left (Hardee s) across the Lost Mountain and Marietta Road, behind Nose s Creek. The Second was moved up, and threw up new works on the 19th, in doing which, First Lieutenant Lord, a young and gallant officer, was mortally wounded. The position of the regiment was south of Kenesaw. Heavy firing on the 20th, and steady rain. The brigade moved about three miles to the right, and built works again. On the 21st, rain : the line was slightly changed, and new works built. On the 22d, firing as usual. About three, P.M., a very severe fire of artillery and infantry. A movement had been just made to the right and forward, when Hood suddenly fell upon the division, and on a division of Schofield s. He drove in the skirmishers ; but, on nearing the lines, received a severe repulse, and fell back, leaving dead, wounded, and prisoners. The Second, though in the first line, was not engaged, the attack extending not quite so far to the right, but it had two men wounded in the skirmish line, Gould, of B; and another. Du ring the 23d, 24th, and 25th, the regiment was undis turbed. On the 26th, moved a short distance to the left, and entrenched. Was near a brook, and bathing was a luxury. On the 27th, the men were spectators of the unsuccessful assault upon Kenesaw. The regi ment, having moved in the morning, was under a heavy artillery fire all day, but laid low ; at night went back to yesterday s position. On the next two days, FOR ATLANTA. 239 they were quiet ; but the rebels made an unsuccessful attack on the Fourth Corps. There was occasional firing on the 30th. On the 1st of July, Colonel Cogswell, who had been away since May 23, returned with near a hundred recruits, and took the command which Lieutenant-Colonel Morse had skil fully held in his absence. The regiment was in front of Marietta. The enemy s left had been turned by McPherson. To prevent losing communication with Atlanta, the rebels abandoned Kenesaw, and fell back on the 2d ; and, on the 3d, Thomas s Army was moved towards the railway, and turned south towards the Chattahoochie. The Second moved rapidly on to three miles beyond Marietta ; the pickets of the division, under Lieutenant- Colonel Morse, being pushed forward as skirmishers, had some brisk fighting ; and, on the 4th, moved into position in front of the enemy s lines at Smyrna Church. During the night of the 4th, and morning of the 5th, the enemy fell back five miles to still another line of defences, with his flanks resting on the Chattahoochie. The Twentieth Corps advanced (in front of the point where the railway crossed the river) on the 6th ; the Second moving over rough roads, and through powerful works deserted by the enemy, and camping in the woods that night. On the * 7th, moved to the left. The weather came on hot. Insects were savage. But Atlanta was in sight. There was firing along the lines on the 9th. That night, Johnston, finding that Sherman had secured 240 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. three good places of crossing the river, crossed the Chattahoochie ; and left its north bank to the national troops, whose pickets advanced to the banks. The troops needed rest, and it was allowed. Black berries were plenty. Changed camp on the 13th. But, on the 17th, the Second crossed on pontoons, five miles north of the railway bridge. Advanced on the 18th, through a heavily wooded and hilly country, to near Buckhead, within seven miles of Atlanta, and due north. On the 19th, marched to Peach-tree Creek; on the 20th, crossed it, under artillery fire, advanced a mile and a half, and went into position, Tenney, of C, wounded. All the armies had closed in, converging towards Atlanta. In the afternoon of the 20th, about four o clock, was the bloody battle of Peach-tree Creek. The enemy sallied from his works in great force, and fell upon the right centre of the army, comprising a division of Howard, Williams s of Hooker s, and one of Palmer s. Williams s Division was without cover; but, after a severe action, drove the enemy back to his entrench ments, losing five hundred killed and wounded. The Second was not engaged, being in the second line ; but it had one officer, Captain N. D. A. Sawyer, severely wounded, and one enlisted man wounded, in the skir mish line. On the morning of the 22d, it was found that the enemy had abandoned the line of Peach-tree Creek, and fallen back to the line of redoubts which formed the immediate defence of Atlanta. The army crossed FOR ATLANTA. 241 the creek, and closed in upon the town, Thomas on the right. The Second built breastworks close to the enemy, and under his fire. Cothran, of A, was wounded. That day, the enemy attacked the left in force, and McPherson fell. The regiment remained in its works. Officers climbed trees occasionally, and took a look into Atlanta. On the 27th, the Thirteenth New Jersey did a handsome thing in front of the picket line, capturing prisoners, and burning buildings. On the 28th, General Hooker left the corps. He felt aggrieved by the appointment of Howard to succeed McPherson. General A. S. Williams took command of the corps, to serve until General Slocum, the corps old commander, should return, who was immediately summoned from Vicks- burg. At daybreak, on the morning of July 30, Lieutenant- Colonel Morse, field officer of the day, surprised the enemy s pickets in his front, and captured seventy-two in their rifle-pits. The Second was immediately ordered to support. The regiment moved rapidly forward, occu pied the hill which had just been taken from the enemy, and hastily erected breastworks. This position brought the regiment within two hundred yards of one of the enemy s forts, from which a close and hot fire was immediately opened from artillery, infantry, and sharp shooters. Repeated attempts were made to retake the hill, but the enemy were effectually and steadily repulsed. The regiment held the position, replying effectually to the fire. After six hours of successful 16 242 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. service, and firing two hundred rounds per man, the Second was relieved by the Thirteenth New Jersey. It returned to its own works, with a loss of but three men killed, and five wounded. In these works, killed, Goodwin, of C; Rhoux, of E; and Lennon, of I. Mortally wounded, Sergeant Reed, of E. Wounded, not mortally, Caffrey, Munson, and Corporal McCaw- ley, of E ; and Sergeant McCaffrey, of I. On the 1st of August, Benson, of I, was mortally wounded ; Dillon, of F, wounded (by shell) ; on the 3d, Moran, of C, was wounded ; and on the 14th, Burgess, of H. In these works the regiment remained under fire, day and night, until the 25th. Recruits came August 9th. On the 13th, a large fire in Atlanta. While in these works, Surgeon Heath, who had become sick by his indefatigable service, was sent back to Chattanooga. Faithful to the last, he worked when he should have rested. His disease proved fatal, and he died at Chattanooga on, the 28th of August. One of the best surgeons in the army, "a faithful, conscien tious, efficient officer, of superior qualifications," said the official report, " he wore himself out in" his country s service. The regiment has met with no heavier loss in its experience." His last entry in his diary, made while sick in front of Atlanta, says, "Colonel Cogswell and other officers came to see me to-day." When he died, men of the Second, hardy and true, shed tears. On the 25th of August, in the course of Sherman s operations on the Atlanta railways, the Twentieth Corps moved back to the Chattahoochie : the Second FOR ATLANTA. 243 was stationed in a fort which covered the railway bridge on that river. On the 26th, General Slocum reached the corps, in command of which he had been replaced. Riding along the lines, he was received with the greatest enthusiasm. Thirty recruits came on the 31st. About midnight, on the 1st of September, explosions were heard in Atlanta. Whether it was an attack or an evacuation was unknown. Keconnoissance discovered that it was the latter. The Second Division entered the city in the morning. And about dark the Second Massachu setts entered, with music playing; camped in the city park, and Colonel Cogswell was appointed post- commandant of Atlanta. 244 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. XIX. TO THE SEA. THE Second found rest in Atlanta. In this brilliant campaign, possibly Sherman s greatest, the army had encountered an active enemy, led by the greatest General of the rebel armies ; had found fortifications all the way from Chattanooga ; had been in an enemy s country, at an immense distance from any possible help ; and had experienced the severest hardships and exposures. The Second had been in a continuous movement of a hundred and twenty-nine days. It had been under the enemy s fire for successive weeks, and had acquitted itself in a way suited to its record. Colonel Cogswell was post-commandant at Atlanta, and acquitted himself to the satisfaction of the com manding General. 1 Lieutenant-Colonel Morse was returned by General Slocum, to the position of provost- marshal, and Lieutenant Me Alpine was his assistant. Major Francis was still inspector, on the staff of Gene ral Williams. Adjutant Fox was post-adjutant. The 1 Conversation of the writer with General Sherman. TO THE SEA. 245 command of the regiment devolved upon Captain Brown, and was in good Hands. The regiment was provost-guard. Its duties were to patrol the streets, enforce order, arrest all offenders ; guard all public and private property, seize property contraband of war ; and in general to do all the duties of such a work. The labor, often arduous, was per formed with alacrity and faithfulness. In these duties, the Thirty-third Massachusetts, Lieutenant -Colonel Ryder, and afterwards Lieutenant -Colonel Doane, commanding ; and the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas M. Walker commanding. "The colonel commanding," Sept. 3, 1864, "calls upon the individual honor of each man to assist the regiment in the prompt, soldierly, faithful, and satisfac tory discharge of its duty." The appeal was well answered. General Sherman arrived on the 7th, and already foreshadowed his determination to order all the inhabi tants north or south. Truce was established around Rough and Ready Station on the 12th, for ten days, and this necessary measure was accomplished. Perfect order was speedily secured. On the llth, the bells rang for church, and all was as quiet as Sun day at home. A curious order was issued from higher powers on the 18th: "No lumber" to be "brought into camp from any buildings torn down without leave from proper authority." 246 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. On the 20th, the First Division was reviewed by General Slocum. The troops heartily cheered General Sherman as they passed his quarters. The Second Division was reviewed on the 25th, and the Third Division on the 26th. The exchanged officers from Rough and Ready paid General Sherman a visit on the 28th, accompanied by the band of the Thirty-third Massachusetts ; and the General made a characteristic speech. On the 29th, Forrest was reported as doing damage on the road in the rear, and troops were sent to look him up. General Sherman left with the bulk of the army on the 4th of October, only the Twjentieth Corps and scattered detachments remaining. Half of the corps was at that time at work on the new line of fortifications. The regiment was successfully photographed on the 19th of October and also the colors ; the officers, also, on the next day. And rumors kept coming of rebel operations on a small scale. On the 1st of November, Colonel Cogswell was notified that he was to have charge of the destruction of all buildings and works of any military importance. Lieutenant-Colonel Morse was to assist, with Lieutenant- Colonels Walker and Doane. Inspections were imme diately made. Walls and chimnies were undermined, ready for explosion. Powder bags were prepared by Lieutenant-Colonel Morse, who tried a perfectly suc cessful experiment with a small house. Operations, however, were temporarily suspended, by order, on the TO THE SEA. 247 6th. On the 7th, a communication came from General Slocum, that Captain Poe, chief engineer of the mili tary Division of Mississippi, would have charge of the destruction, Colonel Cogswell to furnish the necessary details. Trains kept loading and leaving for days. On the llth, there was decided excitement caused by fires set in all parts of the city. Patrols were enlarged, and vigilance doubled. The fires were supposed to be set by citizens. On the 12th, Captain Poe began the work of destruc tion, knocking down the round houses, and tearing up rails. The engineer regiments, Missouri and Michi gan, did the work, the Second patrolling. Most of the buildings destroyed were battered down. No fires that night. The same work was continued on the 13th. On the 14th, General Sherman arrived. The depots and other buildings were fired in the afternoon. On the 15th, the Twentieth Corps moved out. The Fourteenth Corps came about noon. The business part of the town and many dwellings were in flames, "the sight perfectly magnificent." The Fourteenth Corps started on the 16th. The brigade, which was left behind until all other troops had gone, left the city in the after noon (the Second Massachusetts being the last regiment which left Atlanta) in its ruins. The campaign to the sea had begun. Changes had taken place. General Ruger had left the brigade on the 9th, being assigned to command of a division of the Twenty-third Corps : Lieutenant Binney accompanied him. In the regiment, in addition to the 248 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. line officers who left on the 23d of May, Lieutenant Lundy resigned, and Quartermaster Sawyer. To fill the vacancies, promotions had been made as follows, to first lieutenancies (passing over the second lieutenancy), with the date of muster, which does not really tell when the officers had begun their duties : Quartermaster-Ser geant Howes mustered in as first lieutenant, June 28 ; Sergeant-Major Eichardson, same date; Jesse Eich- ardson and Wm. T. Me Alpine, July 1 ; Jed. C. Thompson, Aug. 11 ; and Samuel Storrow, for merly a lieutenant in the Forty-fourth Massachusetts, in Atlanta on the 25th of October. Eichard Pender- gast, promoted, was absent wounded. Several hundred enlisted men had been received. They were but a fraction of the eight hundred and seventy-five assigned to the regiment, the others having deserted before joining. Of the three hundred and forty actually received, more than a hundred had deserted on the road to Atlanta. Some had gone to the enemy, some to the rear. These men doubtless never intended to be sent to the front, but failing of oppor tunities to escape on the road, deserted from the regiment. The desertions were confined entirely to recruits, "a majority of them Dutchmen, though many of them were Americans and New- York City ruffians." Seven of the deserters were taken, tried, and condemned to death ; but the sentence was finally commuted to imprisonment at Nashville. Many of the recruits made faithful and brave soldiers. On the 8th of August, after the fightings, the colonel TO THE SEA. 249 had mentioned them in an order : " The colonel com manding takes this occasion to congratulate the regiment for its cool and admirable behavior in the action of the 30th of July. Considering that there were many re cruits, many of whom were never under fire before, . . . the conduct of the recruits in that action shows that their bravery and coolness is satisfactory. . . . The old men of the regiment need no congratulations." Colonel Hawley was in command, as yet, of the Third Wisconsin. Colonel Colgrove 1 was no longer with the Twenty-seventh Indiana. He had been severely wounded in front of Atlanta. It is not the object of this record to repeat the history of the campaign. That belongs to others. The move ments of the Second are all which it is proposed to follow. On the evening when the Second left Atlanta, Nov. Ifi, it marched through Decatur and five miles beyond, and joined the rear of the Fourteenth Corps at ten o clock of a fine moonlight night. The next day, passing through Latimer and Lithonia, it 1 Silas Colgrove was born in Steuben Co., N.Y., May 24, 1816; son of Andrew and Elizabeth (Smith) Colgrove. When twenty-one years of age, he went to Winchester, Indiana, and studied law; and was admitted to practice in 1839. Was in the lower house of the Indiana Legislature, three terms (six years), and was prosecuting attorney of the Fifth Judicial Circuit five years. He entered the army in the three-months service as Lieu tenant-Colonel of the Eighth Indiana, and was in the battle of Rich Mountain. When the Twenty-seventh Indiana was raised, he was appointed colonel, Aug. 29, 1861. His bravery and energy were established on many battle-fields : he was severely wounded in front of Atlanta. He was brevetted brigadier-general. 250 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. marched sixteen miles to Conyers. The railway was demolished by the engineers as the troops advanced. Cotton presses and houses were also destroyed. On the 18th, sending Captain Brown, with the two right companies, out foraging, the regiment moved at nine, A.M. ; reached Yellow Eiver at three, P.M. ; crossed it on pontoons, and camped on the east side, guarding while the pontoons were taken up. The foragers came in with two days rations of sweet potatoes, a barrel of syrup, and considerable meat. The 19th was rainy. The regiment marched through Covington, and crossed the Ulfofauchee- River, destroying the bridge behind; waited for the Fourteenth Corps to get out of the way, and then went three miles to Newbern. On the 20th, the regiment leading the brigade, marched about sixteen miles. Captain Parker, with D and G, were foraging, and came in at noon with a load of sweet potatoes. Serge ant-Maj or Miles was missing. He was taken prisoner at a time when the rebels were hanging prison ers, but he fortunately escaped in a few days, and returned to the regiment. On the 21st, a cold, rainy day ; the regiment moved at seven, A.M. ; left the Four teenth Corps at Eatonton Factory, and crossed Little River. On the 22d, passed through Eaton ville Village, crossed the Little River again on pontoons, and camped at Meriw ether. Here it rejoined its corps, which was part of the left wing. On the 23d, reached Milledgeville at eleven, A.M. ; crossed the Oconee River, and joined its own brigade in camp. Marched at daylight on the 24th, and TO THE SEA. 251 reached Hebron. Plenty of sweet potatoes. Had " Thanksgiving " festivities in the evening, Colonels Carman, Hawley, and Stevenson, dining at the head quarters of the Second. On the 25th, the regiment went out with a foraging party, but was stopped at Buffalo Creek, and ordered back on account of Wheel er s Cavalry. The troops crossed after a short skirmish, and camped about three miles beyond. On the 26th, the brigade was in advance, and skirmished into San ders ville, driving the rebel cavalry before it. Went into town in line of battle, tearing its way through all obstacles. In the afternoon, marched to Serrill s Sta tion, and destroyed a mile or two of track. Marched, by a round-about road, the next day to Davisboro Sta tion, on the Georgia Central Koad. Sweet potatoes were plenty, and a great deal of cotton was destroyed. On the 28th, marched along the railway to Spear s Turn out : the division destroyed the road for that distance. On the 29th, destroyed seven miles of railway, and burnt a large amount of bridge timber. On the 30th, crossed the Ogeechee four or five miles south of Louis ville, on an old wagon-bridge, and camped about three miles beyond. Joined the Third Division with the wagons. Kilpatrick was reported to have been forced back from Waynesboro . The division moved about noon on the 1st of December, following the Second Division, and marching eleven miles through some awful swamps and mud-holes ; reached camp at mid night. The Second was another hard day with the wagons, not reaching camp till ten, P.M ; passed through 252 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. some fine plantations near Birds ville ; weather warm and pleasant as June. On the 3d, the brigade left about eleven, A.M. ; vis ited the Millen prison-pen, and found it as bad as ever reported. Eight men were found dead, and unburied in their huts. The regiment camped after a march of ten or twelve miles. The regiment led the corps on the 4th ; made about fourteen miles, crossing four or five creeks ; and camped near Hunter s Mills. Heard guns, which the citizens said were fired at Charleston, sev enty-five miles away. Lay in camp, on the 5th, until six, P.M., the Second and Third Divisions passing; had a rough night, roads bad, and being behind the whole train, got into camp at half-past two, A.M. Marched again at nine o clock, and camped at seven, P.M. On the 7th, went through several miles of pine swamp, crossed Turkey Branch about eight, P.M., and camped near Springfield about eleven o clock. Day rainy, and many of the wagons had to be pulled out of the mud by the men. On the 8th, all wagons were left in charge of the Third Division, except ambulance and headquarter wagons. Marched about ten miles, the regiment in rear of division ; the roads were ob structed with trees felled by the rebels. On the 9th, moved at seven, A.M. ; struck a good sand road after a mile or two. Halted, and had an inspection, and renewed ammunition. About fifteen miles from Savannah, came upon a rebel work mounting two guns. The brigade was sent to get on its flank and rear ; the position was carried, and the regiment camped. TO THE SEA. 253 Moved at seven, A.M., on the 10th, meeting with no opposition ; and struck the Charleston and Savannah rail way about ten miles from Savannah. The brigade was put to work destroying the railway. In the afternoon, it was moved to the front. Rebel batteries were en countered about four miles from Savannah, and the brig ade went into camp, in line of battle, about half a mile from the enemy s works. The next morning, the Second and the One Hundred and Seventh New York, under Colonel Cogswell, were ordered on a reconnoissance in front. They found the rebels in a line of works on the other side of a flooded rice-swamp, and then returned. The line was moved forward on the morning of the 12th. There was can nonade on the left and right. Forage and rations were short. That morning, Battery I, First New- York Ar tillery, captured a gunboat on the Savannah River. The next day, Fort McAlister was captured, and the fleet was coming up. The army had found the sea. On the 15th, in the afternoon, orders came to cross to Argyle Island, and join the Third Wiscon sin. Crossed with considerable difficulty on flatboats, getting aground, and waiting for the tide ; went into camp on the island about ten, P.M. On the 16th, the remainder of the brigade crossed. A battery on the opposite shore was annoying, stopping the rice-mill, and forcing the troops to lie all day behind a dyke. A gunboat was shelling the line also. The next day, a huge mail was received. On the 19th, the brigade crossed the river at day- 254 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. light, under Colonel Hawley, the Third Wisconsin in advance. A landing was secured without loss of life. The brigade advanced about three miles, securing good positions, and steadily driving the enemy. In the after noon, the rebels showed considerable force, and opened fire of shell from two guns. They charged, also, four companies of the One Hundred and Seventh New York, but were repulsed. The brigade had a section of a battery. Before daylight of the 20th, it had thrown up breastworks. This position seriously threat ened the only rebel line of retreat from Savannah. There was heavy firing in front of Savannah ; and the enemy appeared to be evacuating the city, by the ap pearance of the wagons. About seven, A.M., Dec. 21, the regiment received orders to recross the river. Savannah had surrendered. The regiment (excepting Companies C and A) and the artillery crossed safely to Argyle Island. The enemy then pressed the remainder of the brigade (with C and A) so closely, that it was ten, P.M., before all were on the island. A heavy wind prevented any crossing from the island to the Georgia shore. The Second attempted it, but was blown a mile down the river upon Hutchinson s Island. The 22d was spent in crossing the brigade. About four, P.M., the cross ing having been completed, the brigade marched until ten, P.M., and went into camp, the right very near the river. The night was very cold. The next day, a camp was laid out, which was soon built. Eations were scarce, during the fortnight, re- TO THE SEA. 255 lieved by a load of oysters, "small, but good." On the 31st, just after "muster," orders came to move to the left, the Third Division being ordered over into South Carolina : a good camp was lost in exchange for a poor one. On the 30th, the Twentieth Corps was reviewed by General Sherman in Savannah. The day was fine and warm. Thus the year closed. The march to the sea had ended. Cutting loose from its base ; traversing an enemy s country over three hundred miles ; with less than half-rations of coffee, sugar, and salt, with but one- sixth rations of bread, making up deficiencies from the sweet potatoes, syrup, corn meal, beef cattle, sheep, poultry, and other provisions of the country, the army had won the imperishable honor of Sherman s march to the sea. The losses of the Second had been only nine prisoners, and three wounded. 256 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. XX. THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. ON the 1st day of January, 1865, the regiment was still in camp a mile from Savannah. The new year came in clear and cold. But it was the last year of the war. On the 14th, two former enlisted men of the Second visited camp, Major Nutt and Lieutenant Ellsworth, of the Fifty-fifth Massachusetts. They had proved their training. On the 16th, Colonel Cogswell, brevetted brigadier- general, made a parting address to the regiment. He had earned promotion, of which a brevet was a scanty grade. From April, 1861, he had been in service ; and for most of the time after the battle of Antietam had commanded the regiment. He was assigned to com mand of the Third Brigade in the Third Division of the Corps. Lieutenant Storrow went with him as aid. General Cogswell s parting address was as follows : SAVANNAH, GA., Jan. 16, 1865. To the Officers and Enlisted Men of the Second Massachusetts Infantry. In leaving the command of the Second Massachusetts Infantry, the undersigned takes this occasion to express his regrets at the separation. THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 257 I have been with you three years and eight months, through most of the many campaigns that have added so much glory and renown to your name and fame. We have shared together most of those severe battles that have cost us so many brave and heroic lives, and have assisted so much in giving victory to our arms. I leave you now for another post of duty ; and I cannot but feel, from the bottom of my heart, the deepest sorrow at parting from so old, brave, and well-tried a command, and one that I love so much. Your good name is known, and will be remembered whenever the battles of the Potomac, or the campaigns of Sherman, are read. The battles from Winchester to Atlanta attest your patriotism and zeal ; and the forty graves of Gettysburg, your unflinching bravery and heroic daring. No one who has been with you from the beginning, or who properly appreciates the honor of belonging to the regiment, can leave you but with sorrow from the fact that he is no longer to be one among you. By a careful and prompt obedience to orders, by your soldierly conduct and bearing, by your regular and sys tematic discipline, by your bravery on the field, and by your faithful attention to duty, you have gained the confi dence and respect of all with whom and under whom you have served, and made for yourself a history that will be remembered when we all shall have passed away ; and remember, that it is by reason of your discipline and conduct, and attention to duty, that you have done this, and whatever you are or may hope to be in the future, is and will be attributable to this, and this alone. That the same name and record, as yet untarnished and unequalled, may attend you in the future that has in the past, is the best and most earnest wish of your late commander. 17 258 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. % Whatever of faults are mine, at least I have tried to do my best for your welfare and comfort, and for the honor of your organization. Wherever I may be called, no greater honor can await me than that of having belonged to the Second Massa chusetts Infantry ; and, wherever I am, my wishes and thoughts will always be with you. I am happy that in my successor you have an officer so eminently qualified to lead and command you on the field, so ably to care for and instruct you in camp. WILLIAM COGSWELL, Brevet Brigadier-General U.S. Vols. Lieutenant - Colonel Morse took command of the regiment which he was henceforth to lead until (save while disabled by wounds) the end of the war, wisely, bravely, and skilfully to close a line of commanders, as satisfactorily as it opened. Colonel Hawley, the able leader of the Third Wisconsin, took command of the brigade. The division was led by General Jackson, and Brigadier-General A. S. Williams commanded the corps. The corps was in the left wing, under General Slocum. On the 15th of January, some parts of the army had moved. On the 17th, the Second, in its division, crossed the Savannah on pontoons, and marched eight miles up the* bank of the river, and went for the night into the old camps of the Third Division. The cam paign northward was begun. On the 18th, the regiment moved seven miles towards Hardeeville. On the 19th, seven miles through Har- deeville, and camped at Purysburgh, at the steamboat THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 259 landing on the river. The steamer "Pontiac" came up, and two transports with rations. Heavy rain. Rain on the 20th : the roads and country for twenty miles were under water ; rain on the 21st, and ditched camp ; rain on the 22d. On that day Surgeon Curtis E. Maun joined the regiment, taking the place of the la mented Heath, Assistant-Surgeon Nichols declining promotion, to be surgeon in the Third Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Surgeon Tracy, of the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania, had been assigned to duty with the regiment for a few days. On the 23d, rain, with a gleam of sunshine ; on the 24th, clear and cold ; on the 25th, cloudy and cold. In this period, from the 19th, the weather was severe. The river banks were overflowed in many places : the camps were very wet, and the troops suffered much from exposure. On the 26th, a cold and windy day, the regiment marched about four and a half miles up the river, on the Sister s Ferry Road. On the 27th, eleven miles, on the Robertville Road, obstructions on the route not so numerous. Forage plenty. On the 28th, counter marched back to the cross roads, and about half a mile towards Sister s Ferry. Found the road impracticable. Countermarched again, and went towards Robertville about five miles. The road was obstructed by felled trees, rail-barricades, &c. : the enemy s scouts retired after exchanging shots. On the 29th, went to Robert ville, about five miles. The brigade was in advance, and the Third Wisconsin drove a regiment of Wheeler s Cavalry out of town on the run, themselves losing three 2(50 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. or four men. Camped on Sister s Ferry Eoad in posi tion. The 30th, fair and cold ; also the 31st. Forage of all kinds plenty. On Feb. 1, brigade drill was had, under Colonel Hawley. The army now cut loose from the river base, and marched for the heart of South Carolina. The regi ment left Robertville, Feb. 2, at nine, A.M., guard ing the ammunition-train, Company D foraging ; marched twelve miles and camped near Lawtonville. Plenty of potatoes, and some pork. On the 3d, moved at daylight, brigade in advance, One Hundred and Seventh New York leading ; made about ten miles, to a branch of Duck Creek. Forage of all kinds was abun dant. Men filled their haversacks with salt, fresh pork, and sweet potatoes. On the 4th, brigade in the rear, guarding wagons over a bad road, changing by-and-by to good, about ten miles, to within two miles of Allen- dale Post-office ; camping about nine, P.M. On the 5th, up at half-past five; off at seven, A.M., through Allendale, and by a cross-road to within two miles of Beaufort s Bridge ; roads good ; First Brigade in ad vance, Third following. Some foragers missing. On the 6th, moved at eight o clock, cold and wet ; guarded wagons through a swamp a mile wide, and across the Salkehatchie ; at noon left the train, and finished a march of eleven miles, to near Duncanville. On the 7th, cold and rainy; moved at half-past six, A.M., the regiment the advance of the corps ; struck the Charleston and Augusta railway about half past four, P.M. , and camped on the north side of the road. On THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 261 the 8th, moved at half-past six, A.M., tearing up the track; "quite an interesting operation," says a diary ; camped at night at Graham s Station, in the woods, having spoilt three miles of railway-track. The 9th was cold, with a snow-squall; inarched at eight, A.M., by road near railway, through Black well s Station, in swampy ground, and made about fifteen miles. For agers quite successful. On the 10th, marched at ten, A.M., guard to brigade train, to near Williston s Station, and covering flank, while the rest of the brigade was destroying railway ; countermarched about three miles, and camped near the railway. On the llth, went to work destroying railway ; marched at half-past nine, A.M., to a branch of the Edisto at Duncan s Bridge; after much delay, reaching it at three, P.M., crossed it and the adjacent swamps, and reached camp near the north side, about nine, P.M. Heard artillery firing somewhere. Three days rations issued, " to last eight days." On the 12th, moved at eleven, A.M., in rear of division wagon-train, ten miles, to near the north branch of the Edisto River, camping two miles from Jones s Bridge. Crossed the Edi|to on the 13th, a fair, cold day, and marched about five miles towards Columbia. Foraging party successful. The enemy were numerous on the flanks, skirmishing with the for agers. On the 14th, cold, cloudy, and rain after noon ; moved, about nine, A.M., a mile or two to cross-roads, where the brigade went into position to cover the road while the corps passed. At three, P. M., fell in at 262 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. the rear ; moved on Lexington Court-house Road, and camped at crossing of Augusta and Columbia Road. Artillery fire on the left. Enemy s cavalry close on the flanks, so that the foraging party did not get much. On the 15th, cloudy and cold; marched at noon, with the wagons ; roads bad, and bridges burnt by the enemy. Camped, about midnight, a mile from Lex ington Court-house. Foraging party got nothing that day, poor country. On the 16th, moved on the Columbia Road, about half-past seven, A. M., Third Division in advance. Heard firing, advance reach ing Congaree River, and shelling the town to dislodge Wheeler s Cavalry ; camped about three miles from the river, having marched about seven miles. On the 17th, marched at eight, A.M., guarding wagons for two hours ; then lay all day in a muddy cornfield, artillery, infantry, and wagons, all massed ; at ten, P.M., crossed the Saluda on pontoons, and camped. Columbia was occupied by the right wing. Foraging party was permanently organized under Captain Brown. Procured one day s rations of potatoes, and fresh beef was issued. On the 18th, the Second and Third Di visions were passing all day; moved at four, P.M., with the wagons ; passed burning buildings, woods on fire, and the usual work of the advance in South Caro lina ; made seven miles. Foraging party got nothing ; no rations issued, and the regiment very short of food. On the 19th, a very fine day, left camp at eleven, A.M. ; marched with wagons about four miles to near Alston s Ferry, and camped. Received some meat THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 263 from foraging party on the road, and at night the party brought in a day s rations. The men had had nothing to eat since the morning of the day before. The Fourteenth Corps being in advance, the country was well eaten up. On the 20th, left at half-past seven, A.M. ; marched to Alston s Ferry, and crossed Broad River on pontoons, and made about six miles on the Winnsborough Road. The Fourteenth Corps had gone to the left. Rolling country, better looking, and more thickly settled. On the 21st, on the road at ten, A.M., with wagons; division in the rear. Marched about ten miles, through Winns borough : camped two miles beyond the town. Good-looking country. For agers successful ; four days meat and one day s potatoes. On the 22d, cloudy and cold, marched with train, at ten, A.M., seventeen miles over hilly roads, to Rocky Mount Post-office, and camped at ten, P.M., near branch of the Wateree River. Foragers brought in plenty of meat. The 23d was cloudy and cool. Marched at half-past six, A.M. ; crossed the main branch of the Wateree on pontoons, and marched three miles beyond. Passed General Sherman s head quarters. Rained all night. On the 24th, rained all day. Moved at seven, A.M. ; went about a mile on the wrong road ; turned back and took another ; ran into Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps; and went into camp about eleven, A.M., in a hollow. Lay all the rainy 25th in camp, waiting for movements, of other troops. Lieutenant J. C. Thomp son put in charge of foraging party. On the 26th, 264 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. ready to move at nine, A.M. ; did move about five, P.M., in rear of wagon train. Went about seven miles on very muddy roads, towards Hanging-rock Post-office, and camped at eleven, P.M. Foraging party did not come in. On the 27th, fair, with slight rain in the af ternoon. Marched at half-past six, A.M., to Hanging- rock Post-office ; crossed Hanging-rock Creek, and camped, having made two miles and a half. Foragers brought in two days rations of meal and bacon. On the 28th, w T hich was rainy, mustered for payment ; marched at four, P.M., with the wagons ; crossed Little Lynch s Creek ; made about eight miles of road, very bad in spots. March 1, rainy; marched at seven, A.M., in the advance of division ; crossed Lynch s Creek ; made about twelve miles over level, sandy roads, and camped. Foragers brought in mules and horses. On the 2d, rainy ; moved at seven, A.M., First Brigade in advance, Third Brigade next ; crossed Black Creek, and moved on Chesterfield Road to within three miles of that place. The advance had quite heavy skirmish ing. The regiment turned off to the left of the town to occupy a bridge over Thompson s Creek, which, after some skirmishing with the enemy, was done by Captain Brown. Threw up rail breastworks, and held the position. Had marched twenty-one miles. Foragers came in, with plenty of meal, flour, and bacon. On the 3d, misty, rainy ; Captain Parker, with Com panies B and G, went out on reconnoissance, and captured bacon, fodder, and animals. The regiment THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 265 re-crossed the bridge, and crossed the other, camp ing a mile beyond. Two men of the Thirteenth New Jersey were captured close by the pickets. Marched at three, P.M., through Chesterfield; crossed Thomp son s Creek on the lower bridge ; marched about a mile further on the road leading to Cheraw ; heard that Cheraw had been taken by the right wing ; turned back, and camped. Discovered cotton and corn buried in a family graveyard. On the 4th, rainy, warmer; marched at three, P.M., on Sneedsboro Road, seven miles, to within two miles of Peedee River, over roads bad in places, and camped near the line between North and South Carolina. Wagons brought in flour and hams. On the 5th, in camp ; had inspection of arms. Heard explosions at Cheraw. A Massachu setts officer, escaped from rebel prisons, joined the regiment. On the 6th, a fair, cool day ; moved at nine, A.M. ; marched on a plank road to Cheraw, and about three, P.M., into town, in column by divisions, with music ; rested in the main street until half-past eight, P.M. The delays, caused by the breaking of the bridge in part, were improved by making fires and get ting supper, which left the town-pump without a fence, and Mrs. Lincoln s brother without a buggy : another escaped officer came into camp. In the evening, the regiment crossed the Peedee on a pontoon bridge, marched five miles on the Fayetteville Road, and camped an hour after midnight, having made fifteen miles. On the 7th, marched at seven, A.M. (Second Division in advance, First following) ; made about fif- 266 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. teen miles, and camped near an unfinished railway, the Florence and Fayette. The sandy roads were good, through a rolling country, wooded with pine. The foragers went to Rockingham ; with others, cap tured the place, and brought back bacon. The 8th was very rainy ; marched at eight, A.M., First Division in advance (the brigade being in the rear with wagons) , through pine woods, thirteen miles. The Fourteenth Corps was on the same road, which occasioned delays ; but got into camp about six, P.M. On the 9th, rainy ; moved with wagons at seven, A.M., through pines, and by rosin pits. The country was deluged with water. Crossed swamps and the Lumber River ; corduroyed the road, up to the knees in water, and in a pelting rain, working till after dark, and helping the teams all night. Camped at midnight, short of rations, after seven miles march. On the 10th, rainy ; marched at eight, A.M., and corduroyed; made eight miles, with nothing to eat. Sun came out about two, P.M. ; camped at six, P.M., and drew one day s rations of meal and fresh beef. On the llth, cold and fair; started at half-past eleven, A.M., on a forced march for Fayetteville ; the first nine miles of road were bad, and encumbered by trains to be passed ; the last ten, on a plank road, were made without a halt. When within two miles of Fayetteville, it was learned that the town had been occupied by the right wing ; and a little past nine, P.M., the regiment camped. Foragers came in with plenty of meal and some meat, and men were grinding more meal at a mill. THROUGH THE CAROLINAS, 267 On the 12th, remained in camp. A tug-boat came up the Cape-Fear River, and communication was again established with the North, which had been suspended since Feb. 1. Had a day s rations of hard bread, coffee, and sugar. On the 13th, the regiment passed through Fayette- ville, with music, in review before Generals Sherman and Slocum. Crossed the Cape-Fear River on pon toons, marched on plank road, and camped four miles from the river. On the 14th, a beautiful day, re mained in camp until about noon, when the Second and the Thirteenth New Jersey were sent out under Lieutenant-Colonel Morse to get forage. The Third Brigade of the Third Division, some distance in ad vance, had some skirmishing. Colonel Morse sent out parties twice on side roads ; started back about seven, P.M., and made the nine miles of return without a halt, bringing in the wagons loaded with corn and fod der ; and Captain Parker put a mill in running order. On the 15th, a cloudy, rainy day; marched about ten miles on a plank road to a church, but not to use it. Found Kilpatrick s Cavalry occupying the road, and went into camp in a very ancient graveyard. But at eight, P.M., the brigade was ordered out, in the dark ness and rain, to move on in support of the cavalry. At Kilpatrick s request, General Slocum had ordered out a brigade to hold a line of barricades. Went on, over execrable roads, five miles, and found the cavalry in position. Relieved one brigade of these ; went into position, and bivouacked in face of the enemy and in mud. 268 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INPANTRY. Hardee, "in retreating from Fayetteville, had halted in the narrow swampy neck between Cape Fear and South Rivers in the. hope of holding Sherman there, in order to save time for the concentration of Johnson s armies at some point in his rear." * General Slocum was ordered to dislodge him, that the army might have the use of the Goldsborough Eoad. The Twentieth Corps had the advance. The First Division was on the right, and Ward s next : on the left, were two divisions of the Fourteenth Corps. The enemy were in force, and well posted, with defences. The share of the Second in the engagement of that day was this : The brigade (the Second on the left) , supported on the flanks by cavalry, moved forward at seven, A.M., with skirmishers well thrown out, and advanced on the enemy. The rebel skirmishers were driven in, after a decided resistance ; and the brigade took position across the main road to Black-river Cross-roads, near the edge of an open field, in swampy, wooded ground, with skirmishers well advanced. The brigade was alone, except the cavalry. The most ad vanced part of the army was four miles back. The enemy threw superior forces on this point ; and, with artillery and infantry, repeatedly attempted to force back the line. All their efforts failed, in attacks of two hours. In that fight, the gallant Grafton was killed ; three enlisted men killed, and nine wounded. Captain Grafton had gone out with two small com- 1 Sherman and his Campaigns, p. 368. THKOUGH THE CAKOLINAS. 269 panies, had gone out to relieve skirmishers. The enemy were striving hard to press back the line. Cap tain Grafton was wounded in the leg, and started for the rear ; but, still anxious that the line be held, turned back to the skirmishers. He was instantly struck in the neck by a bullet, and staggered back to the line, where he died immediately. The ammunition of the brigade being exhausted, General Cogswell s Brigade relieved it. He afterwards pushed the enemy a mile and a half, out of two lines of breastworks and into the third and last, fighting until dark ; losing twice as many men as any other brigade in the corps. While this was going on, the Third Brigade (in which was the Second) was transferred to the right ; and vigorously attacked, driving the enemy steadily for a mile, and into another line of works. The brigade suffered considerably at this point, but held its position in front of the enemy, until subsequently replaced by a portion of the Fourteenth Corps. It was in this fight that Lieutenant Storrow of the Second, aide to General Cogswell, was killed ; and Lieutenant-Colonel Morse, commanding the regiment, disabled by a serious wound in the shoulder. The command devolved upon Cap tain Brown. Two more enlisted men were killed, and seven wounded. The casualties during the day were these : Captain Grafton and Lieutenant Storrow, killed ; Lieutenant-Colonel Morse wounded. Of en listed men, Bearing, of B; Corporal Murray and Newman, of C ; Corporal Parker, of F ; and Serjeant 270 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Wilson, of I, were killed. Mortally wounded, Vitz, of B ; and Eegan (T.), of F; wounded, not mortally, Corporal Coethan, Smith (H.), and Moro, of A; Peterson (A. S.), Smith (James), and Serjeant Reu- ben Smith, of B ; Corporal McAuley, and Riley, of E; Gilbert of F; Frey and McNamara, of G; Hutchinson and Johnson, of I ; and Corporal Mcln- tosh, of K. The Second, though sadly few, only one hundred and forty-one carried into action, had acted as be came its unsullied fame. Says "The Story of the Great March," by Major Nichols, aide to General Sherman : " Captain Grafton of this division (Second Massachu- chusetts Regiment) was among the killed. He was a gal lant officer and a courteous gentleman. He could not have found a nobler death, nor could we have lost a nobler soul. u The Second and Thirty-third Massachusetts Regiments are the only representatives of the glorious Bay State in our army. A nobler record of heroic deeds may never be found than in the History of the Second. On its roll of fame may be found, among the names of the dead in honorable battle, Shaw, Dwight, Savage, Grafton, Storrow, and others ; and, to-day, the living heroes. are models of chivalric soldiers, the pride of their comrades." Upon being relieved, the regiment moved to the right and rear, and camped in close column by divisions. On the 17th, orders were to be in readiness to move at five, A.M., but at daylight it was found that the enemy had disappeared. At eleven, A.M. , moved out on the road, and lay by the roadside until late in the after- THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 271 noon. The Fourteenth Corps was passing. General Slocum also passed, stopping to speak with the men. About dark, moved on ; and camped, after having made three miles. Men short of rations, but had an issue of fresh beef. On the 18th, a fair, warm day ; marched at seven, A.M., the brigade in advance. The train of wounded followed the division. Forded Black River, and crossed another considerable stream on a bridge. Made about ten miles towards Goldsborough, pulling down fences, and crossing bogs. The foragers brought in about two days rations of meat and meal : they had an affair with the rebels at a grist-mill, captured it, and run it. On the 19th, moved before daylight, the brigade in advance ; the roads bad in spots, and the regimenf did a good deal of corduroying. About noon, heard quick artillery-firing. A division of the Fourteenth Corps had encountered rebel cavalry, and driven them as usual. But the head of the column found its progress impeded by infantry and artillery. The enemy attacked the advanced guard, and gained a temporary advantage. General Slocum found the enemy in great force. John ston had moved with great rapidity, concentrated all the troops at his command upon the left flank, and suddenly attacked furiously, in the hope of beating the advanced divisions before the other columns came up. Slocum then promptly deployed the two divisions of the Fourteenth Corps, and ordered up the two divisions of the Twentieth. The first division was pushed rapidly forward, and the brigade was formed in rear of the 272 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Fourteenth Corps ; but soon with both divisions was moved to the left, and formed on the left of the Twen tieth Corps. The Second was on the left of the road, facing northward ; and both divisions threw up works. The brigade was moved several times, but finally returned to its flank position, and completed the works begun. Kilpatrick came up at the sound of the artil lery, and massed on the left. The enemy, comprising the forces of Hoke, Hardee, and Cheatham, under Johnston himself, made six distinct assaults, but were as steadily repulsed. This was the battle of Benton- ville. It was the last action of the Second Massachusetts. The foragers came in : they had been in rear of the enemy, and brought in ham and beans. The regiment had marched eight miles. The night had alarms. On the 20th, remained cut ting timber, and strengthening the position. Pickets were twice advanced. The corps of the other wing coming up, had some successful fighting ; and, by after noon, a complete and strong line of battle confronted the enemy s intrenched position ; and Johnston, instead of taking Sherman s army in detail, was again on the defensive. Three days rations of coffee, sugar, hard bread, and bacon, were worth recording. On the 21st, there were various orders to move, but all countermanded. The Third Division pickets came in firing, and raised a needless alarm. Cut trees in the swamp, and continued to strengthen the position. THROUGH THE CAROLINAS. 273 There was skirmishing from right to left ; and, on the right, some severe fighting. Sherman had no need of a battle, and pressed only with skirmishers, and some artillery, feeling the flanks which were covered by swamps. All the afternoon the rain fell, sometimes in torrents. That day, the wounded in the corps hospital, including Lieutenant-Colonel Morse, were sent to Goldsborough . On the 22d, at one, A.M., all wagons and pack- animals were ordered to Cox s Bridge, under escort of the One Hundred and Second New York, and the troops were to move at half past five, A.M % ; but, after daylight, the enemy were discovered to have left. Johnston had crossed Mill Creek, and burnt the bridges. The Second left its works at nine, A.M., and moved by cross-roads to Cox s Bridge ; roads were bad, and much corduroying was necessary. After dark, marched rapid ly, and camped about ten, P.M., in a sandy field near a creek, where the wagons were waiting, but the pack- mules had mostly crossed. Had made thirteen miles. On the 23d, moved at nine, A.M. ; road bad, halted several hours on the banks of the Neuse, crossed on two pontoon bridges ; had made thirteen miles, when camped two miles from the bridge, towards Goldsbor ough. Enemy s cavalry on left flank. At about one, A.M., on the 24th, all wagons and pack-animals were sent forward to Goldsborough. Marched at seven, A.M. ; passed through the Twenty- third Corps ; through Goldsborough in column by divisions, with music; passed Generals Sherman and 18 274 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Slocum ; went out of the town, and partly round it, and camped on the Weldon Railway, about two miles northeast of the town. The army had reached sea communications again, and the campaign was ended. NORTHWARD. 275 XXI. NORTHWARD. ON the 25th day of March, 1865, General Sherman s congratulatory order was published, and read to the troops. A few weeks were to be spent in comparative rest, and refitting the troops for the spring campaign. The camps of the brigade were laid out in regular order ; houses to be made of logs, seven feet by ten, and three and a half high, covered each by four pieces of shelter tent. Water was plenty, but the men were out of rations on the 25th. On the 27th, Sergeant Toombs was mustered as first lieutenant. On the 27th, some clothing was received. The men worked on their quarters. Regular rations were issued, for the first time since the campaign began. On the 28th, went out with the Thirteenth New Jersey for forage ; took the Kingston Road, and marched to about twenty miles from Goldsborough ; filled the fifty wagons with corn and fodder, returned four miles, and bivouacked. Started next morning for camp, which was reached at three, P.M. ; and drew three days rations. Drew clothing on the 30th ; and SOAP was 276 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. issued, the first since the campaign from Savannah opened. On the 31st, extra animals were turned in. Hospital-Steward Root, who had served in various capacities from the beginning, was transferred to the regular army. April 2 witnessed a dress parade. On the 3d of April, General Mower was appointed to the command of the Twentieth Corps, thus returning General Williams to the division. General Williams had commanded from Atlanta, bravely and wisely. The "left wing" was now transformed into the "Army of Georgia." The " Sanitary " was again found in the Second, in the shape of pickles. General Mower reviewed the division on the 5th. Clothing was issued to complete the new outfit. At Goldsborough, morning drills were had in skir mishing ; other movements in afternoons. The Second was to be itself to the last. On the 6th of April, the welcome news of the taking of Richmond were received, and read to the command. The end was drawing nigh. "The next objective," said General Sherman, "is to place this army, with its full equipment, north of the Roanoke River, facing west, ... in full communication with the Army of the Potomac." So, on the 7th, orders were received to have ten days rations on hand, " to last thirty ; " in wagons, fifteen days coffee, five days sugar, and twenty days salt ; in the hands of the men, one a half days salt meat (to last three days) , three days hard bread, ten days sugar, and the same of salt and coffee. NORTHWARD. 277 On the 9th, Captains Phalen and Mehan returned. It was thought best by brigade and higher commanders to send some officers on recruiting service ; the number of men was greatly reduced, and out of all proportion to that of officers. Captains Brown, Oakey, Crownin- shield, Parker, Comey, and Perkins, Adjutant Fox and Lieutenant G. J. Thompson, were therefore detailed on this service. The regiment was temporarily consoli dated into two companies, under command of Captain Phalen. On the 10th, the new movement began. The head of every column was in motion. The regiment marched at half past five, A.M., through Goldsborough, and on the Smithfield Eoad. Some skirmishing took place, and the brigade moved for some distance in line of battle. Camped at five, P.M., after a march of fourteen miles. On the llth, a light rain; marched at eleven o clock, A.M. ; camped at six, P.M., about half a mile from Smithfield, having marched twelve miles. On the 12th, marched through Smithfield ; crossed the Neuse on pon toons about eight, A.M. ; camped at six, P.M., after a hard march of sixteen miles, crossing Swift Creek. On the 13th, moved at five, A.M., in a rain; the regi ment was in advance. Marched very fast, entered Ral eigh at noon without opposition. Camped just outside of the city, the weather becoming fine. On the 14th, drew two days rations, "to last five; " received orders to forage on the country, and a detail of twenty men was organized under Lieutenant J. C. Thompson. On the 15th, the regiment moved out, at half past six, 278 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. A.M., in a very heavy rain, but after going a few rods was ordered back again. The orders to forage on the country were also countermanded ; commissaries were to issue full rations. Circumstances were changed. The news of the battles about Petersburg, and of the evacuation of Eichmond, had reached General Sherman on the 6th of April. No longer needing to strike between Lee and Johnston, he had followed the latter. On the 12th, he heard of the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. He then planned to so move as to strike Johnston from the south. "I am anxious," wrote he, "to prevent his escape towards Georgia." But on the 14th, General Sherman received a communication from Johnston, under a flag of truce, requesting an armis tice, and a statement of the best terms on which he could be permitted to surrender. " This is," said Sher man, " the beginning of the end." It was this note which arrested the march of the Second on the morning of the 15th ; and, so far as war was concerned, arrested it for ever. On the 17th of April, came the news of the assassina tion of President Lincoln. On the 20th, the suspension of hostilities was an nounced. On the 22d, the corps was reviewed by General Sherman, in Raleigh. On the 25th, moved at seven, A.M., marching thirteen miles southwest, to John s Cross-roads, returning to the old camp on the 28th. Captain Thayer, with thirty-four recruits, came to the regiment on the 25th. The men were put on half rations, and a forage party of twenty organized under NORTHWARD. 279 Lieutenant J. C. Thompson. The party came in on the 28th, fully mounted, with meal. On the 29th, orders came announcing the surrender of Johnston, and that the troops were to march to Washington to be mustered out. The war had ended. The march to Washington began the next day. On the 30th, the regiment moved at five, A.M. ; passed through Ealeigh in column, by platoons ; crossed the Neuse at Mantua Mills, and camped about a mile from the river, having marched fourteen miles. The next day, marched sixteen miles, in rear of trains, and camped near Tau River. On the 2d of May, crossed Tau River, inarched on a fine road twenty miles, and camped two miles from Williamsborough. On the 3d, marched through Williamsborough, made twelve miles on a good road, and camped ; ordered out at half past five, P.M. ; marched three miles, crossed the Roanoke on pontoons, and camped about a mile from the State line. On the 4th, marched at seven, A.M., and were soon in Virginia, the first time since Sept. 27, 1863. The road was dusty. Crossed Meherrin River about five, P.M., and camped about two miles beyond, having marched twenty-two miles. On the 5th, moved at half past eight, A.M. ; crossed Flat-rock Creek about noon ; made seventeen miles, and camped half a mile from Nottaway River. May 6, crossed the Nottaway and Little Nottaway ; the Richmond and Petersburg Rail way, at Black and White Station, about noon ; passed some of the Sixth Corps in camp ; and camped, after 280 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. fourteen miles of march, near Mills Station. Marched on the 7th, in advance of the division; crossed the Appomattox Eiver on pontoon bridge about noon ; had made twenty-one miles, and camped near Clover Hill. On the 8th, moved at half past six, A.M. ; passed through Clover Hill ; crossed Swift Creek about noon, and Fallin Creek at three, P.M,, and camped north of it. On the 9th, marched, ten, A.M. ; went three miles, and camped on a creek. In camp on the 10th. On the llth day of May, moved at ten, A.M., the First Division in advance. Passed through Manches ter at half past eleven o clock. Crossed the James River, and entered RICHMOND. / The regiment had established its first camp in Massa- chusetts, on the llth day of May, 1861. It entered Richmond on the llth day of May, 1865. Of the \ officers of Camp Andrew, four remained. Of the thou- \ I sand men, less than a hundred. The march of four \ Vears had been lined with graves. \\ The regiment marched through Richmond in column by platoons. Five miles beyond, it camped on Brook Creek. The Chickahominy was crossed on the 12th, at Bower Bridge. Passed through Ashland Station at noon. Crossed the Fredericksburg Railway ; the South Anna at three, P.M., and camped a mile beyond, having made fifteen miles over a hard road. Crossed New Found River on the 13th ; the Little Anna, at eleven, A.M. ; the Gordonsville and Richmond Railway at one, P.M. ; and camped a mile from the North Anna, after a march NORTHWARD. 281 of fifteen miles. On the 14th, crossed the North Anna on pontoons ; passed through Chilesburg ; crossed the TaEiver and the Po on pontoons; and camped, after eighteen miles, two miles from Spottsylvania Court house. On the 15th, passed through Spottsylvania ; halted for two hours on the old Chancellors ville battle-ground, memorable to the regiment for the 3d of May, 1863 ; reached Rappahannock River, and camped on its banks, having marched fifteen miles. On the 16th, crossed the river on pontoons at United-States Ford, where it crossed May 6, 1863 ; passed Hartwood Church at ten, A.M., and camped after fifteen miles march. Crossed Cedar Run on the 17th, and made twelve miles. On the 18th, was at Brents ville at six, A.M. ; at Bull Run, at noon ; at Fairfax Station, at five, P.M., and camped a mile and a half onward, after a march of eighteen miles. On the 19th, after fifteen miles march, camped near Cloud s Mills, about three miles from Alexandria. Colonel Morse returned, and took command. On the 20th, Captain Brown resigned, the war being ended, with a brave and faithful record. The officers de tailed on recruiting service returned, and about forty men who had been absent from wounds or disease. The regiment remained here until the 24th. On that day, the Army of Georgia and the Army of Ten nessee passed in review at Washington. After the review, the regiment went into camp at Bla- densburgh. On the 28th, two recruits were received. On the 29th, the camp was named Camp Slocum. 282 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Sergeant-Major Miles had been mustered as first lieu tenant in April ; in June, James Hanning ; and also in June, Sergeant George W. Morse. It was the last promotion. On the 6th of June, General Hawley published his farewell order to the brigade. On the 7th, the Twentieth Corps was broken up. General Williams published his farewell order to the division. The Second was transferred to General Bartlett s Division of the District of Washington ; and brigaded with the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania, Fifth Con necticut, and One Hundred and Forty-third New York, numbered the Second Brigade. The friends of many campaigns were parted. Be tween no organizations could the parting have been more painful, though glorious, than between the Second Massachusetts and the noble Third Wisconsin. Before separating, this found formal expression in the following papers : SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY, CAMP SLOCUM, NEAR WASHINGTON, D.C., June 4, 1865. We, the undersigned, officers of the Second Massachusetts Infantry, wish to express to the officers of the Third Wis consin Infantry our heartfelt regret, that the fortunes of the service are about to separate our respective organizations. From the campaign of 1862, in the Shenandoah Valley, to the present glorious close of this bloody war, we have fought and marched side by side with you in almost every rebellious State. To have been brigaded together for so long a time is in itself remarkable ; no less so is it that between our two regiments there should have always existed NORTHWARD. 283 such strong feelings of friendship and mutual regard, un- tinged by the slightest shadow of jealousy. As we recall, now, some of the hard positions we have been in, we cannot help remembering how often our anxiety was lessened by the knowledge that the old Third Wisconsin was close at hand to support us. We know that you have had the same thoughts about us. Nothing in this whole war will be pleasanter for us all to look back upon than this feel ing of mutual respect and reliance. It not only elevated the tone of both of our regiments ; but, we honestly believe, it went a great way towards making our brigade and division what they are now acknowledged to be, among the very best organizations of the army. We assure you that in our own State, wherever the Second Massachusetts is known, its brother regiment is also famous. Whenever any of us have been at home, among the first inquiries would be, " How is the Third Wisconsin ? " It has been with pride that we have answered, "It is the same staunch old regiment that fought at Antietam and Chan- cellorsville." These are not compliments, but expressions of plain, honest feelings. We have been knit together by deeds, not words ; deeds, which, as time goes on, we shall look back upon with continually increasing pride. Together we have shared dangers and hardships, victories and defeats, and it is hard now for us to part ; but, in the natural order of things, the war being over, you go towards your homes in the West, we stay near ours in the East. Let us not, however, though separated by thousands of miles, forget these old associations. Let us rather cherish them with our fondest recollections : let it be a story to hand down to our children and children s children, how the Second Massachusetts and Third Wisconsin fought shoulder to shoulder through the great rebellion, and achieved together glory and renown. We ask you to accept this testimonial as 284 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. a slight evidence of our affection and esteem. We bid you farewell, and God bless you, one and all. C. F. MORSE, Lieutenant- Colonel, com. JAMES FRANCIS, Major. C. E. MUNN, Surgeon. JOHN A. Fox, Adjutant. E. A. HOWES, Quartermaster. Captains. Daniel Oakey, F. W. Crowninshield, E. A. Phalen, George A. Thayer, Theodore K. Parker, Dennis Mehan, Henry N. Comey, William E. Perkins. First Lieutenants. George J. Thompson, Jesse Richard son, Moses P. Richardson, William T. McAlpine, Jed. C. Thompson, William D. Toombs. THIRD WISCONSIN V. V. INFANTRY, CAMP SLOCUM, NEAR WASHINGTON, D.C., June 7, 1865. To the Officers of the Second Massachusetts Veteran Volunteer Infantry. The undersigned, officers of the Third Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer Infantry, tender their heartfelt thanks for your friendly communication of the 4th inst. It was with min gled feelings of pride and pleasure, not, however, unmixed with pain, that we perused it, pride at being thus associa ted with a regiment, which, by patient endurance, good discipline, and unflinching bravery, has won for itself so honorable a name as the Second Massachusetts ; pleasure at the thought, that, even amid the stirring scenes of active war, the finer attributes of humanity are not forgotten, and that friendship, one of the noblest sentiments of the soul, still asserts her claims ; pain at the recollections of the many gallant and brave whose names have been associated with yours in the great struggle now happily terminated, but who have given their lives for a country they loved so well. That " every rose has its thorn" was never more apparent to us than now. While in the toil and suffering of our NORTHWARD. 285 active campaigns, we have looked forward with unmixed joy to the time when the angel of peace should once more spread her wings over the land, and we should return home to enjoy the sweets of social and civil life ; but now that the hour is at hand when we must say farewell to those with whom we have been so long associated in the service of our common country, when we must join the parting hand with you, our companions and brothers in arms, our joy is mingled with sadness, and our smiles with tears. We accept your communication, not only as a manifesta tion of personal regard, but also as a fraternal greeting from the East to the West, which, rising superior to local jealousies and factious strife, and remembering only the mingled dust of our dead on many battle-fields, and the common country for which they sacrificed their all, proclaims us, in heart and in country, one and inseparable. In parting we assure you, that, highly as we prize this expression of sentiment towards us, and sacredly as we will preserve it as the highest honor yet received, it is not needed in order to secure remembrance. The ineffaceable pictures of the past, deeply engraven in our hearts, and lit up by the eternal flame of friendship, will ever keep the Second Massachusetts Veteran Volunteer Infantry prominent among our pleasing memories in the future. Wishing you all success and happiness, and Heaven s best blessing, we bid you farewell. We are, brothers, yours fraternally, B GEORGE W. STEVENSON, Lieutenant-Colonel. WARHAM PARKS, Major. J. G-. CONLY, Surgeon. T. J. KOPF, Assistant- Surgeon. A. C. GAYLOR, Adjutant. I. T. MARVIN, Quartermaster. ISAAC E. SPRINGER, Chaplain. 286 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. Captains. Ralph Van Brunt, I. N. Hinkley, N. Daniels, E. Giddings, A. D. Haskins, C. R. Barrager, J. Woodford, John M. Schweers, John E. Kleven. First Lieutenants. Stephen Lawrence, Oliver A. Hegg, J. D. Goodrich, John Agnew, John B. Du Bois, Abner Hubbell, J. D. Babcock, William W. Freeman, George H. Gutter. Second Lieutenants. E. V. Moran, Lewis Colby, Edwin F. Proctor, Eben G. Beers, David Clark, A. S. Hill. In publishing these letters, the "Wisconsin State Journal," of June 15, 1865, said: The Second Massachusetts and the Third Wisconsin Infantry have fought in the same brigade, side by side, throughout the war. Among the earliest regiments in the field, they first saw active service under Banks, in the Shen- andoah Valley. When Stonewall Jackson, with his usual force of "forty thousand men," fell upon Banks, these two regiments covered the rear, and bore the brunt of the fight ing. They stood together at Cedar Mountain, under the withering cross-fire of the enemy, when the noble Crane laid down his life for his country. They fought at Antietam and Gettysburg and Chancellorsville. Subsequently transferred to the West, they formed a part of that invincible column, which under Sherman hewed its way through the central mountain fastnesses of the South, and poured down, an irre sistible torrent, through Georgia and the Carolinas. Both regiments were among those that re-enlisted for the war. We remember a conversation had, about a year ago, with an officer of the Third, respecting the comparative merits of Eastern and Western troops. He had served in the Army of the Potomac and at the West, and had therefore large opportunities for seeing and judging upon the subject. The best troops in the service, the steadiest, bravest, and most NORTHWARD. 287 trustworthy, he said, were those from New England and the Northwest. . . . He spoke particularly of the Second Massa chusetts as a specimen of New-England troops ; and said> that, when the Third Wisconsin was first brigaded with them, our Wisconsin boys conceived a strong antipathy against them. The Massachusetts men were fitted up in the height of military style. They had the finest tents and wagons in the service, their uniforms were of the best material, they wore white gloves on parade ; and our Wisconsin boys looked upon them as a set of dandies and counter-jumpers who would take to their heels at the first approach of actual dan ger. By and by the hour of trial came. Stonewall Jackson launched his thunderbolt upon Bauks s little army. And lo ! while most of the troops were hastening out of harm s way? there were the brawny boys of the old Third, and those "white-gloved fellows" of the Second Massachusetts, side by side, hanging stubbornly at the rear, their hearts swollen with rage, covering the retreat, contesting every inch of ground, and chastening the exultant foe with terrible punish ment from their well-aimed muskets. After that, said the officer, there was no further distrust or contempt on either side between the Third Wisconsin and the Second Massachu setts, but mutual good-will, affection, and pride in each other, which were only increased as they became better acquainted 5 under yet severer trials. These two glorious old regiments have recently been parted, the Third Wisconsin being ordered west, and the Second Massachusetts retained on duty at the east. Prior to parting, the Massachusetts regiment drew up and signed a letter to the Third Wisconsin, expressing the sentiments which they felt upon parting. This, together with the response of the Third, has been forwarded to us for publica tion. 288 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. XXI. THE END. THE Second remained in Washington until July 14. It was on duty, furnishing patrols, and stationary guards in various parts of the city. On the 12th of July, orders having come for muster-out, Lieutenant- Colonel Morse issued the following : HEADQUARTERS SECOND MASS. INFANTRY. WASHINGTON, D.C., July 12, 1865. GENERAL ORDERS, No. 26. To the Officers and Men of the Second Massachusetts Infantry. The Lieutenant-Colonel commanding takes this, his last, opportunity to tender to you his congratulations, that, after more than four years of hard service, you are enabled again to go to your homes, and resume your peaceful avocations. A brief review of your history in this regiment cannot fail now to interest you. At the very outbreak of the late rebellion, the Second Massachusetts Infantry was organized. Its first year of service was not an eventful one, and it only became famous for its good discipline and appearance. In the campaign of 1862, it had a more distinguished part to act. On the night of May 24, your regiment, by its steadiness and bravery, beat back greatly superior forces of the enemy, and saved Banks s little army from total destruc- THE END. 289 tion. All of honor that can be associated with the disastrous retreat of the next day certainly belongs to you. Next came Cedar Mountain : there, with the same determined bravery, this regiment faced and fought three times its numbers ; and, in twenty minutes, lost more than one-third of its enlisted men, and more than one-half of its officers. Antietam, Chancellorsville, Beverly Ford, Gettysburg, and the great campaigns of the West, with their numerous battles and skirmishes, followed in quick succession ; and the war ended, leaving with you a most brilliant and satisfactory record, a record of courage, gallantry, and tenacity in battle, of unflinching steadiness in defeat, of good discipline in camp, and of respect and prompt obedience to all superiors : this is the record which you can take to your homes, and it is known and acknowledged throughout the length and breadth of your State. The Lieutenant-Colonel commanding does most sincerely congratulate you who are now left in this command on having passed safely through this great struggle, which has termi nated so gloriously. He feels sure that no one of you will ever regret your part in this war. As long as yoTi live, and whatever your future in life may be, you will think of your soldier s career with the greatest pride and satisfaction : its hardships and sufferings, its dangers and glories, have made you all nobler, better, and more self-reliant men. It will not be with pleasure alone, that you recall the events of the past four years. With sadness you will bring to mind the appearance of this regiment as it marched out of Camp Andrew, July 8, 1861; and will think how many of the noblest and best officers and men then comprising it now fill sol diers graves. You will cherish the memories of these gallant men ; and, though you lament their loss, you will remember that they died in battle, bravely doing their duty, fighting for their country and the right ; and you will thank God, when you look about you, and see peace restored to this entire 19 290 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. country, that the sacrifice of their lives has not been in vain. The Lieutenant-Colonel commanding thanks you for your adherence to your duties, and your fidelity to him, since he has had the honor to command you. He assures you, that, in taking leave of this old organization, he feels more pain than pleasure : he has been with it since its first existence, has shared its dangers, privations, and glories ; and now that it has devolved upon him to write these words of farewell he does so with unfeigned regret. In conclusion, he hopes that the lessons taught by this war will exert a beneficial influence on your future lives, and that you may become good citizens and worthy members of society. C. F. MORSE, Lieut. CoLj Com. Second Mass. Infantry. (OFFICIAL.) On the 14th of July, the men were mustered out of service, although not to be discharged until in camp in Massachusetts. On the 15th, it started by rail for home. At New York, it was received and hospitably entertained by Col onel Howe, the agent for New-England troops. It called also on General Hooker, and received a cordial welcome. It had been in New York twice before, once on the 9th of July, 1861, when it stacked arms in City-hall Park, a thousand and forty strong. It came back, a remnant, but victorious : it had then its thirty-eight field, staff, and line officers. On the 16th of July, 1865, Brigadier-General Cogswell, Lieutenant- Colonel Morse, and Major Francis were the sole offi cers of that thirty-eight still holding commissions in the organization. THE END. 291 The regiment proceeded by the Neptune line of steamers and the Providence Eailway to Readville, Mass., where it went into camp, waiting to be paid off and finally discharged. Its friends hoped that they might give it a worthy reception in Boston ; but, to their great disappointment, although all possible efforts were made, the orders of the War Department would not permit the regiment to go to that city. Readville was a barren and dull place to men who had served their country so long, and* who were impatient to reach home. But the delay was borne well. It is due to them to say, on the authority of Brigadier-General Pierce who was in charge of that camp, that, though without guards or arms, the men of the Second, as obedient as ever to duty, gave no trouble. Various complimentary promotions were made by the Governor : Lieutenant - Colonel Charles F. Morse to be colonel, Major James Francis to be lieutenant- colonel, Captain Francis W. Crowninshield to be major, First Lieutenant Jesse Richardson to be cap tain, A. W. Emerson to be first lieutenant ; and Quartermaster-Sergeant Thomas B. Thurston, First Ser geants Charles Hastings, Leander G. Bowley, Charles Edwards, Edwin Harlow, Samuel S. Jepson, Charles H. Heald, Charles O. McKinstry, Andrew Yoll, and Commissary-Sergeant David Casey, as second lieuten ants. But the reduced force of the regiment did not allow them to be mustered as such into the United- States service. But several officers were brevetted in the volunteer service by the President : Lieutenant- 292 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Colonel Morse as colonel, Major Francis as lieutenant- colonel, to date from March 13, 1865. The last order was issued HEADQUARTERS SECOND MASS. INFANTRY, READVILLE, MASS. July 19, 1865. Company commanders will turn over all ordnance and ordnance stores in their possession to an agent of Major Rodman, Superintendent of Watertown Arsenal. By command of . LlEUTENANT-COLONEL C. F. MORSE. JOHN A. Fox, Adjutant. The arms were useless now. The war was ended. On the 26th day of July, 1865, the men broke ranks for ever. The Second Massachusetts had passed into history. On the 22d day of December, 1865, the colors of the Second, with the colors of all the Massachu setts troops, were deposited in the State House. Fifty men of the regiment, under Major Francis, escorted them to their resting place. No names of battles were ever inscribed upon the battle-flag. Its pierced and torn folds, riddled by shot and shell, silently tell its story. On the llth day of May, 1866, some of the com rades went to the old ground of Camp Andrew. It was the fifth anniversary of the forming of that camp. They paused at the familiar entrance where the guard THE END. 293 had once challenged the visitor. The house was un changed since the sentinel had ceased to walk his post before headquarters. The marks of the little trenches about the first tents, the rains had not yet washed away. Here and there were found a few scraps of decayed can vas, and slight remnants of tent-pins. The flag-staff still stood, from which no flag had floated since the summer day when the banner of the Second left it. Recollections of Dwight and Sargent, of Savage, Abbott, Gary, Goodwin, Mudge, Williams, Sedgwick, Hill, Shaw, Robeson, Choate, and Perkins, all dead for their country, and of the hundreds of the brave and faithful in the ranks gone with them, were fresh in memory. The comrades plucked some bright spring flowers, and left the spot to silence. SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. THE MEN. I. THE ENLISTED MEN. THE regimental " descriptive book," compared with the company books, is the basis of the following record. Some omissions have been supplied from the records at the State House. When discrepancies have been found between the regimental books and those in the adjutant- general s office, the former, except in cases of known error, have been followed, those books having been prepared and revised with great care. No names are included, except those found on the books of the regiment. Hence those of many persons who enlisted but never joined the regiment, most of them those who enlisted for the bounty in 1864, and deserted on the road, are not, and ought not to be, found in this list. They were never members of the regiment, although appearing upon the records at the State House. It will be seen that these lists are in two parts : first, that of the men enlisting during the first term of ser vice ; secondly, that of the re-enlisted men, and the 296 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. recruits of the second term of service. The second term was held to begin with Jan. 1, 1864, as to the re- enlisted men ; but, for those not re-enlisting, their term ends with the three years service, May 23, 1864, and in some cases later. Hence this history of the re-enlisted men is not completed in the first list : it will be noticed that the phrase " See Second Term " occurs in such instances. But the history of the men not re-enlisting goes on, in the first list, past Jan. 1, 1864, to the com pletion of their term of service. The term " re-enlisted " is always to be understood to bear da.te, Dec. 31, 1863, except in the very few cases otherwise specified. The term " mustered out " invari ably denotes expiration of the term of enlistment. w Discharged " is used only in cases where the full term had not expired ; and theground of discharge is always given. The date of "muster-out" for the first term is conformed to that given in the adjutant-general s report, May 28, 1864, although, according to the decision of the War Department, it was May 23, 1864 ; while actually it was May 30, at Chattanooga, and the men were not discharged until June 7, while, for whole companies, the three years expired May 10. The rule adopted by the War Department considered the original " muster- in " to be May 24, 1861. The ten companies were actually mustered in before the 20th. In the following lists, the actual date of enlistment is given in all known cases, a ll before May 11, 1861, however, being brought to that date. The State reports give July 14, 1865, as the day of final discharge. The papers were THE ENLISTED MEN. 297 made out that day, but the men were kept in service and paid to July 26. The latter date is therefore adopted in these pages. The various items regarding each soldier have been compiled from the regimental and company descriptive- books, the morning report-books, the monthly returns, the memoranda of the writer as to casualties made upon the field, the diaries of various officers ; corrected by the personal information of many officers and men to whom all the first term s record was read, and by the help of some of whom it has since been continued. By this personal consultation, many facts were supplied, and discrepancies reconciled. The admirably compiled papers in the adjutant-general s office, have also been of the greatest service. The compiler is painfully conscious that some errors will be found in these pages ; but, for each item, there is authority, and no suspected error has passed without careful investigation. 298 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. THE MEN OF THE FIRST TERM OF SERVICE. COMPANY A.i ALDRICH, Loammi B. 25. Stanstead, C.E. Teamster. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. 2 Detailed regimental wagoner, I July, 1861 ; detached as brigade wagoner, 22 Dec., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. ATKINSON, Ira. 19. Sandwich, N.H. Shearer. 11 May 1861. Lowell. Deserted 23 June, 1861. BAB COCK, Alonzo J. 26. Norwich, Vt. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Transferred 21 Dec., 1861, to Company H ; which see. BAIL ET, James H. 19. Lowell, Mass. Operative. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in arm, 25 May, 1862, near Winchester. Taken prisoner, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors- ville; exchanged. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BAILEY, Walter S. 19. Lowell, Mass. Calico printer. II May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 12 Feb., 1862; ser- 1 The usual order is reversed, and the officers record placed last, in the hope of procuring additional information regarding some of the latter, prior to printing. 2 For the sake of brevity, the designation of the items of thejirst line, to each name, are omitted. This line, if printed in full, would read : ALDRICH, Loammi B. Aged 25, when enlisted. Born in Stanstead, C.E. Teamster by occupation. Enlisted 11 May, 1861. Residence when enlisted, Lowell. The words in Italics are to be understood in each case ; the same order being preserved, and ignorance of any item being denoted by points. THE ENLISTED MEN. 299 geant, 14 Jan., 1863. Discharged 24 April, 1863, to re ceive commission of second lieutenant in the Twenty-eighth Massachusetts. BALL, Henry C. 22. Billerica, Mass. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in knee, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; and died in consequence, 17 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. BARKER, Moses D. 31. Lowell, Me. Moulder. 14 Oct. 1861. Lowell, r- Mustered out 14 Oct., 1864. BASCOM, Wallace. 31. Newport, N.H. Painter. 6 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Get tysburg. BASSETT, Joseph C. 22. Corinna, Me. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, June, 1861. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. BICKFORD, David. 27. Barrington, N.H. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Tewksbury. Detailed as regimental wag oner, July, 1861, to . . . 1861 : and again, 9 April, 1863, to 26 Sept., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BLAKE, Charles G. 21. Brownington, Vt. Painter. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Appointed marker, August, 1862. Wounded in head, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; re turned to duty, 10 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BOWMAN, James A. 25. Tyrone, Ireland. Painter. 6 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty in a few days. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BOWMAN, William. 23. Tyrone, Ireland. Moulder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BRIGGS, Franklin W. 29. Sumner, Me. Carder. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Wounded in shoulder, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; transferred to Invalid Corps. BRIGGS, John, jun. 37. Sumner, Me. Spinner. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Wounded in knee-joint, 3 July, 1863, at 300 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Gettysburg ; and died in consequence, 8 Aug., 1863, at Get tysburg. BRIGHT, Henry. 27. Surrey, England. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. BROWN, Daniel W. 21. Hebron, Conn. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Detached to division ambulance corps, 16 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BROWN, George H. 20. Lowell, Mass. Teamster. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Enlisted as regimental wagoner. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BULLARD, William T. 37. Oxford, Mass. Shoemaker. 18 Aug., 1862. Framingham. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. BULLENS, Frank M. 19. Lowell, Mass. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 25 Oct. 1862. BURNS, John. 19. Sandford, England. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in head (by shell), 24 May, 1862, near Newtown, Va. ; returned to duty in a few days. Wounded in shoulder (exsection), 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; discharged in consequence, 27 Oct., 1863. (Rolls at State House say " expiration of term of service.") BUTTERFIELD, Dexter. 19. Dunstable, Mass. Farmer. 15 Oct., 1861. Dunstable. Transferred to Company A from Company H, 21 Dec., 1861. Corporal, 1 Oct., 1863; sergeant, 1 July, 1864. Mustered out 14 Oct., 1864. BUXTON, Frank W. 26. Londonderry. Commercial agent. 1 L May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in foot, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; and discharged in consequence, 21 Nov., 1862. Buxix N, George W. 28. Nelson, N.H. Truckman. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 10 Dec., 1861. Wounded in both ankles, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; and died in consequence, at Alexandria, Va. THE ENLISTED MEN. 301 CALLAHAN, John. 28. Ireland. Carder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Deserted 8 June, 1861. CHENEY, David J. 38. Shrewsbury, Vt. Carpenter. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Wounded in wrist, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; discharged in consequence, 18 Jan., 1864. CONLAN, Allan H. 20. Dracut, Mass. Blacksmith. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 25 May, 1861, to ... June, 1861. Having been sent to hospital in Washington, in 1861, was appointed ward-master; and was discharged by order of the War Department, 1 July, 1862, to receive the appointment of hospital steward. COOK, James W. 29. Reading, Mass. Furniture manu facturer. 11 May, 1861. Reading. Corporal, 14 Aug., 1861 ; Sergeant, 14 July, 1862 ; First sergeant, 27 Dec., 1862. Wounded in hand, 24 May. 1862, at Kernstown, Va.; not disabled. Wounded 3 May, 1863, at Chan cellorsville; not disabled. Promoted to be second lieutenant, 19 March, 1863. See Commissioned Officers. DAGGETT, Andrew J. 32. Burlington, Vt. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Detailed as hospital ward-mas ter, 12 May, 1861. Died of small-pox, January, 1864, at Washington, D.C. DAVIS, James A. 18. Dunstable, Mass. Farmer. 15 Oct., 1861. Duustable. Transferred to Company A from Company H, 21 Dec., 1861. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; and discharged in consequence, 23 Jan., 1863. DAY, Charles. 24. Littleton, N.H. Teamster. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Detached as wagoner, to corps head quarters, 16 Jan., 1863; to Quartermaster s Department, Brigade, 16 April, 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. DEMMING, John F. 26. Saco, Me. Butcher. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 25 May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 17 Feb., 1862. 302 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. DUNNELL, Charles S. 22. Wiscasset, Me. Glass-silverer. 24 May, 1861. East Cambridge. Transferred to Com pany A from Company B, 4 April, 1863. Company musician, 4 April, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. DURGIN, Leavitt C. 18. B . . . N.Y. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 22 Dec., 1861 ; "a just recog nition of his soldierly qualities and conduct." Color corpo ral, 4 July, 1862 ; sergeant, 14 Jan., 1863 ; color sergeant, 28 Feb., 1863. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg. " To lament with you the loss of our brave young color-bearer," said Colonel Cogswell in General Order. DUSTIN, Eben S. 19. Nashua, N.H. Tailor. 11 May, 1861. Nashua, N.H. Wounded in elbow, 17 Sept., 1862, at Autietam; and died in consequence, 4 Feb., 1863, at Harrisburg, Penn. DYER, Looman H. 24. Freeman, Me. Watchman. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. EMERY, Samuel T. 22. Piermont, N.H. Dealer. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 19 Oct., 1862. . FARNHAM, George W. 19. East Pittsport, Me. Lumber man. 12 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Detailed as attendant in regimental hospital, 16 June, 1862. Detached as orderly at division headquarters, 3 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. FERSON, Levi O. 21. Nashua, N.H. Brakeman. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 14 Jan., 1863. Ser geant, 12 May, 1863. Wounded in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty in 1862. Wounded in head, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 17 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. FLEMMING, James. 21. Tason, Ireland. Moulder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. THE ENLISTED MEN. 303 FLETCHER, Orra A. 34. Westford, Mass. Operative. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 18 Nov., 1863. FOSTER, James L. 22. Rutland, Yt. Weaver. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Died of typhoid fever, 27 Nov., 1862, near Sharpsburg, Md. FOSTER, Nathaniel D. P. 21. Ludlow, Vt. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in breast, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; and transferred to Invalid Corps, I July, 1863. FOSTER, Silas P. 31. Rutland, Vt. Dresser. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Get tysburg. FOSTER, Willard. 24. Mendon, Vt. Carder. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Wounded in arm (amputated) and in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; and died in consequence, 8 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. FULLER, Charles H. 19. Lowell, Mass. Spinner. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in ankle, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 13 Feb., 1863. FULLER, Edwin A. 20. Lowell, Mass. Carpet operative. II May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 14 July, 1861. GARLAND, John A. 19. Tewksbury, Mass. Milkman. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GELRAY, Joseph W. 24. Manchester, England. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, June, 1861. Trans ferred 22 Dec., 1861, to Company H; which see. See also Commissioned Officers. GEORGE, John F. 22. Boscawen, N.H. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Sergeant, 25 May, 1861; color sergeant, 4 July, 1862. Promoted to be second lieutenant, 10 Aug., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. 304 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. GIFFORD, Leonard G. 18. Lowell, Mass. Engine driver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 20 Dec., 1861. GILMAN, Newhall G. 35. Norridgewock, Me. Watchman. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; and died in consequence, 14 Sept., 1862, at Alexandria, Va. GIROUX, Thomas C. 32. Montreal, C.E. Dresser. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Enlisted as company musician. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GLINES, Amos. 44. Moultonborough, N.H. Blacksmith. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GOODWIN, Alfred R. 21. Lowell, Mass. Operative. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Deserted 8 June, 1861. GRAY, Timothy. 22. Lowell, Mass. Mechanic. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Died of heart disease, 2 Nov., 1862, near Sharpsburg, Md. HALL, Jeremiah S. 32. Salem, N.H. Salesman. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 1 4 Jan., 1863. Wounded in arm, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; returned to duty, 25 Dec., 1862. Wounded in abdomen, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 17 May, 1863. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. HANSON, Ephraim C. 33. Ossipee, N.H. Box-maker. 6 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HARLOW, Edwin. 26. Liverpool, N.S. Salesman. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. At regimental headquarters, 25 July, 1861, to 12 Nov., 1862. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. HASTINGS, Charles. 26. Amherst, N.H. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 14 Jan., 1863. Ser geant, 25 April, 1863, to 10 May, 1863. Corporal again, 13 March, 1864. Detached as carpenter to artillery am munition train, 27 May, 1863, to 22 July, 1863. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. THE ENLISTED MEN. 305 HAYES, Edwin K. 21. Poland, Me. Operative. 11 May, 1861. Clinton. Dropped from rolls, 27 July, 1863. HAZELTON, Henry T. 20. Boston, Mass. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Boston. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. HEOY, Patrick. 20. Lei trim, Ireland. Carder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 12 May, 1863. Killed in ac tion, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. HIBBARD, Thaddeus A. 19. Franklinville, N.Y. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Died of typhoid fever, 5 Aug., 1861, at Hagerstown, Md. HINES, Richard S. 29. Munson, Me. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Munson, Me. Detached to division ambulance corps, 16 Oct., 1862. Discharged for disability, 16 Jan., 1863. HUNTER, Robert. 38. St. Johns, N.B. Laborer. 12 Aug., 1862. Boston. Wounded in arm, 3 July, 1&63, at Gettys burg; discharged in consequence, 4 Feb., 1864. HUNTLEY, Matthew. 22. Trowbridge, England. Black smith. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 12 May, 1863. Wounded through arm, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; discharged in consequence in . . . 1863. INGALLS, Charles F. 25. Lynn, Mass. Clerk. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in foot, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; discharged in consequence, 22 Feb., 1864. IVERS, James. 25. ... Ireland. Moulder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in face, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; discharged in consequence, 22 Feb., 1864. JACKSON, John P. 23. Durham, N.H. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. JAQUES, Silas H. 18. Manchester, N.H. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Enlisted as company musician- Discharged for disability, 29 Jan., 1863. JONES, Conley R. 21. Andover, Mass. Farmer. II May, 1861. Lowell. Deserted 15 June, 1861. 20 306 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. KIDDER, John W. 21. Lowell, Mass. Moulder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in head, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Feb., 1864. KITTREDGE, Edmund R. 22. Newburyport, Mass. Painter. 11 May, 18.61. Lowell. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; and discharged in consequence, 12 Dec., 1862. LADD, William W. 26. Lowell, Mass. Currier. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 17 Nov., 1862. LAMB, George. 23. Langdon, N.H. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Langdon, N.H. Corporal, 14 Jan., 1863. Wounded in arm, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; not disabled. De tailed to duty at Long Island, Boston Harbor, 27 July, 1863. Absent on recruiting service, 23 May, 1864, when mustered out. LANE, Lyman. 18. St. Albans, Me. Blacksmith. 7 Oct., 1861. North Tewksbury. Wounded in thigh, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; dropped from the rolls, 27 July, 1863 ; discharged, no date given. LEE, William M. 22. Stanstead, C.E. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in ear, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; not disabled. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. LEVERS EE, Wesley R. 24. Smyrna, N.Y. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 14 Jan., 1863. Color corporal, 14 Jan., 1863, to 12 Oct., 1863. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. LIVINGSTON, Nelson S. 19. Lowell, Mass. Salesman. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. LOVEJOY, Jonathan W. 44. Hollis, N.H. Policeman. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 25 May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 5 Nov., 1862. THE ENLISTED MEN. 307 MAGEE, Deyea. 28. Decatur, N.Y. Carder. 11 May, 18G1. Lowell. Sergeant, 25 May, 1861, to 14 July, 1862. Discharged for disability, 9 March, 1863. MASON, Ripley E. 26. Mercer, Me. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Hospital attendant, 13 Aug., 1861. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 July, 1863. McALPiNE, Thomas D. 22. Lowell, Mass. Wool-spinner. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in shoulder (by shell) and in abdomen, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 19 Aug., 1862. Wounded in heel, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; and discharged in consequence, 25 June, 1863. Commissioned as second lieutenant in Invalid Corps. Me ALPINE, William T. 21. Saxon ville, Mass. Wheel wright. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Sergeant, 25 April, 1863. Wounded in arm, in thigh, and through the body, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, . . . Wounded in the head, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 24 Aug., 1863. Re- enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. MclNTiRE, Albion C. 20. Waterford, Me. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. North Reading (Lowell?). Detached to Fourth United-States Artillery, 8 April, 1862. Discharged for disability, 4 June, 1862. MCLAUGHLIN, Michael J. 19. Clinton, Mass. Grocer. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Taken prisoner, 5 May, 1862, at Brock s Gap, Massanutten Mountains ; escaped from the camp of the enemy, and reached the regiment, 13 May. Wounded in hand, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester. Dropped from the rolls as deserter (on furlough.) MILES, William H. 25. Limerick, Me. Carder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 14 Jan., 1863. Sergeant, 13 July, 1863. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. 308 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. MINOR, Charles. 31. Armand, C.E. Operative. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Wounded in hand, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca, Geo. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MORSE, Alexander. 19. South Boston, Mass. Fuller. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in knee, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty in a few days. Wounded in hand, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MORSE, George R. 23. Kennebunk, Me. Dentist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, . . . June, 1861, to 14 Aug., 1861. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1861, at Winchester ; returned to company, 25 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. Moss, William. 26. Manchester, England. Operative in cloth room, 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 25 May, 1861, to 10 Dec., 1861. Wounded in wrist, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville ; discharged in consequence, 10 Nov., 1863. NUTTER, Luther P. 22. Ossipee, N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. O HARE, Andrew J. 22. Salem, Mass. Moulder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell (Salem ?). Taken prisoner, 27 Aug., 1862, in hospital at Warrenton, Va. Discharged for dis ability, 4 Nov., 1862. O HARE, Polinus. 21. Portland, Me. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Lowell (Salem?). Discharged for disability, 20 Dec., 1862. PAGE, George W. 20. Canaan, N.H. Harness-maker. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in thigh, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, and taken prisoner; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Detached to division ambulance corps, 28 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PAGE> Lucius. 19. Hyde Park, Vt. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 25 April, 1863. Wounded in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; wounded in thigh, THE ENLISTED MEN. 309 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; and died in consequence, June, 1863, at Acquia Landing, Va. PENDERGAST, Richard. 25. Portland, Me. Carpenter, 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, January, 1862 ; ser geant, 14 Jan., 1863 ; first sergeant, 25 April, 1863. Wounded in side, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 24 Aug., 1863. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. PERKINS, Charles E. 40. S wanton, Vt. Carder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 5 Nov., 1862. PHELPS, Francis D. 23. Leominster, Mass. Currier. 1 1 May, 1 861. Lowell. Corporal, 25 May, 1861. Wounded in shoulder, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; and dis charged in consequence, 26 Jan., 1863. PHILLIPS, Samuel R. 34. Brecon, Wales. Book-keeper. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Sergeant, 25 May, 1861, to 13 Feb., 1862; color sergeant, . . . 1861, to . . . 1862. Discharged for disability, 25 Oct., 1862. PICKERING, Theophilus D. 22. Gorham, Me. Lamp lighter. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Detached to division ambulance train, 16 Oct., 1862, to 16 July, 1863. Detailed as regimental wagoner, January, 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PROUTY, Sidney S. 31. Onondaga Co., N.Y. Mason. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded through leg (below knee), 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; and died in conse quence, 19 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. RICHARDS, William C n 26. Camden, Me. Cooper. 11 May, 1861. Lowell (Camden, Me. ?) . Discharged for dis ability, ... 1862. ROBBINS, Leverett. 40. Ipswich, Mass. Carriage-maker. 28 Oct., 1862. Boston. Discharged for disability, 16 Jan., 1863. RYERSON, Horace. 26. Livermore Falls, Me. Lumber man. 12 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Died of chronic diar-% rhcea, 3 Dec., 1861, at Alexandria, Va. 310 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. SARGEANT, John S. 18. Lowell, Mass. Salesman. 9 July, 1862. Lowell. Absent 28 May, 1864, when mus tered out. SAWYER, Nathan D. A. 22. Salem, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 25 May, 1861; ser geant, 12 Feb., 1862. Wounded through the chest, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to regiment, 13 Sept. 1862. Promoted to be second lieutenant, 10 Aug., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. SEYMOUR, George H. 28. Maidstone, England. Painter. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 17 Dec., 1861. SHERMAN, George W. 18. Lowell, Mass. Scholar. 1 July, 1862. Lowell. Wounded in shoulder, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; not disabled. Missing on march from Kingston, Ga., 6 June, 1864; probably prisoner. Re ported as having died in Andersoriville prison. SHERMAN, William H. 20. Lowell, Mass. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in side, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SHIRLEY, James H. 24. Portland, Me. Moulder. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; and discharged in consequence, 6 Nov., 1862. SPAULDING, Oscar. 18. Lowell, Mass. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in thigh and in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; and died in consequence, Aug., 1862, at Alexandria, Va. STACY, John R. 30. Manchester, N.H. Shoemaker. 12 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability (result of sun-stroke), 16 Jan., 1863. STICKNEY, Henry E. 21. Andover, Mass. School-teacher. 12 June, 1861. Wilmington. Discharged for disability, 12 Aug., 1861. THE ENLISTED MEN. 311 STOVER, Jesse G. 23. South Thomaston, Me. Spinner. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Sergeant, 25 May, 1861, to 25 April, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SWEAT, Joseph S. G. 18. Lowell, Mass. Sash and blind maker. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disabil ity, 1 June, 1861. Tic EHTJRST, James. 33. Derby, Vt. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Detailed as regimental wagoner, 10 June, 1861 ; detached as wagoner in corps train, 21 Jan., 1863, and made master-wagoner. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. TILTON, Charles F. 23. Lowell, Mass. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 25 May, 1861, to 5 Feb., 1863. Wounded in wrist, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Moun tain ; returned to the regiment, but, being disabled, was de tailed as clerk to brigade quartermaster, 5 Feb., 1863 Mustered out 28 May, 1864. TRIPP, James E. 22. Lowell, Mass. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 25 April, 1863, to 1 Oct., 1863. Wounded through neck, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 17 Aug., 1863. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. TRUE, Emmons T. 24. Freeman, Me. Watchman. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. TUCK, Andrew J. 43. Fayette, Me. Dresser (overseer). 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. TUCKERMAN, Prentiss. 19. Cambridge, Mass. Engine- driver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disa bility, in 1861. UPTON, Joseph. 39. Tyngsboro , Mass. Carpet-weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Detailed as company cook, 15 July, 1861, but served with his musket in each action in which the company was engaged. Wounded in right arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 20 Aug., 1862. Absent sick, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. (Universally esteemed and loved.) 312 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. WALKER, Rosalvo M. 19. Wilton, Me. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 1 Oct., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Wounded in face, 3 May, 1862, at Chancel- lorsville ; returned to duty, 21 July, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WRITTEN, Eben B. 24. Wilton, Me. Spinner. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. First sergeant, 25 May, 1861. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. WILSON, Foster. 35. Hudson, N.H. Carder (overseer). 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Wounded in head, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 17 May, 1863. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 21 Dec., 1863. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. WRIGHT, Lewis C. 24. Berlin, Vt. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Died of dysentery,. 5 Oct., 1862, at Maryland Heights. COMPANY B. ABBOTT, James. 21. Shapleigh, Me. Farmer. 25 May, 1861. Shapleigh, Me. Corporal, 1 Oct., 1863. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. ALTON, Samuel T. 21. Sandwich, Mass. Cabinet-maker. May, 1861. Salem. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; and died in conse quence, 17 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. APPLETON, James M. P. 19. Milton, N.H. Machinist. 14 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Wounded 17 Oct., 1862, at Antietam ; and transferred to Invalid Corps, 27 Sept., 1863. THE ENLISTED MEN. 313 BICKFORD, Charles H. 20. Boston, Mass. Machinist. May, 1861. Lowell. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. BLAKE, Darius G. 21. Salem, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. Salem. Discharged for disability, 28 Feb., 1863. BOWLEY, Leander G. 18. ... Me. Farmer. May, 1861. Chelmsford. Corporal, 4 Oct., 1862. Sergeant, 15 Feb., 1863. Wounded in arm and side, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; returned to duty, 16 Dec., 1863. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. BREEN, Owen. 25. Tyrone, Ireland. Farmer. May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in foot, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Moun tain; returned to duty, 11 Oct., 1862. Deserted 24 Aug., 1863. BROOKS, George. 26. Gardner, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. Gardner. Corporal, 14 Aug., 1861. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. BUTLAND, Edward. 20. Kennebunk, Me. Ship-carpenter. May, 1861. Kennebunk, Me. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, and paroled; returned to duty, 13 Dec., 1862. Wounded in side, 3 May, 1863, at Chancel lorsville ; returned to duty, 16 Dec., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CADY, John D. 20. New Bedford, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Vassalboro , Me. Wounded through chest, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; and died in consequence, 30 Sept., 1862. at Frederick, Md. CALLAHAN, Daniel. 21. Cork, Ireland. Glass-maker. 11 Aug., 1862. East Cambridge. Wounded in shoulder, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 9 Oct., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CARNEY, James. 20. England. Cordwainer. May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in head, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; not disabled. Wounded in shoulder, 3 May, 1863, at Chan cellorsville ; transferred to Invalid Corps. 314 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS LNFANTKY. CARNEY, John. 19. Cork, Ireland. Baker. May, 1861. Haverhill. Wounded in arm, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; and discharged in consequence, 23 Dec., 1862. CHEEVER, Appleton. 18. Dracut, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Lowell. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CHRISTIE, Robert. 25. Tyrone, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded 17 Sept., 1862, at An tietam; not disabled. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. CLARK, William W. 18. Waterville, Me. Farmer. May. 1861. Lowell. Re-enlisted and transferred 1 Jan., 1864, to Company K; which see. See Second Term. CLOUGH, Thomas H. 24. Tamworth, N.H. Blacksmith, May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, May, 1861, to 12 Aug., 1861. Discharged for disability, 30 Nov., 1862. COLBY, Lucius. 35. Sutton, Vt. Painter. 9 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 18 Aug., 1862. CONLAN, Peter. 22. Monahan, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. East Cambridge. Wounded through neck, through side, and through leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; and died in consequence, 9 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. COOK, Benjamin F. 22. Shapleigh, Me. Farmer. May, 1861. Shapleigh, Me. Discharged for disability, 21 Feb., 1862. CORBETT, William J. 21. Lowell, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in side, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; returned to duty, 27 Oct., 1863. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. CROOKER, Thomas. 32. Eastport, Me. Laborer. May, 1861. Boston. Deserted May, 1861. CROSSON, James F. 22. Philadelphia, Pa. Billiard-maker. May, 1861. Salem. Corporal, May, 1861, to 12 Aug., 1861. Taken prisoner, 24 May, 1862, at Strasburg, Va. ; returned to duty, 28 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. THE ENLISTED MEN. 315 CUMMINGS, Frederick. 20. Athol, Mass. Cordwainer. May, 1861. Orange. Discharged for disability, 4 March, 1863. DACE Y, John. 32. Lowell, Mass. Machinist. May, 1861. Boston. Deserted 9 July, 1861. DAMON, Alva. 21. Buckfield, Me. Farmer. May, 1861, Paris, Me. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winches ter; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. DEERING, William. 33. Tyrone, Ireland. Spinner. 9 July, 1862. Lowell. Killed in action at Averysboro , N.C., 16 March, 1865. DILLON, Thomas. 31. Clare, Ireland. Teamster. 24 July, 1862. Brookline. Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. DIMMICK, John G. 29. Lyme, N.H. Laborer. 18 May, 1861. Windham, Me. (Lyme, N.H.?). Detailed as regi mental wagoner, 1 July, 1861. Discharged for disability, 22 May, 1862. Dow, Charles H. 20. Sanford, Me. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Sanford, Me. Corporal, 29 Nov., 1862, to 10 May, 1863; and again, 17 July, 1863 ("for good behavior in action at Gettysburg"), to 1 Oct., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. DUNNELL, Charles S. 22. Wiscasset, Me. Glass-silverer. 24 May, 1861. East Cambridge. Enlisted company- musician. Transferred 4 April, 1863, to Company A; which see. EATON, Simeon. 24. Westminster, Mass. Painter. May, 1861. Gardner. Wounded in back (side shot), 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 12 Oct., 1862; discharged in consequence of wound, 18 Oct., 1862. EDWARDS, Henry. 20. Boston, Mass. Gas-fitter. 28 Aug., 1862. Boston. Taken prisoner (wounded), 9 June, 1863, at Beverly Ford; discharged in consequence, 9 Oct., 1863. 316 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. EMERY, Martin B. 22. Dixmont, Me. Farmer. May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 29 Jan., 1863. EMMONS, Benjamin. 43. St. Johns, N.B. Shoemaker. 8 Aug., 1862. . . . Sent to hospital, Aug., 1862; discharged for disability, 4 March, 1863. EVANS, James A. 21. Limerick, Me. Laborer. 11 May, 1861. Limerick, Me. -Corporal, May, 1861. Sergeant. 1 Aug., 1861. Drowned in the Shenandoah River, near Edenburg, Va., 9 April, 1862, while in discharge of duty. FAGAN, Michael. 21. Russell, Mass. Currier. May, 1861. Dalton. Wounded in arm, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged in consequence, 9 Oct., 1862. FLANAGAN, James. 22. Lowell, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, June, 1861, to 6 July, 1861- Deserted 22 Aug., 1861. Foss, John C. 36. Deny, N.H. Painter. 9 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. FREEMAN, George. 24. Birmingham, England. Laborer, May, 1861. Boston. Drowned in the Shenandoah River, near Edenburg, Va., 9 April, 1862, while in discharge of duty. FRENCH, Charles. 25. Porter, Me. Blacksmith. May, 1861. Newfield, Me. Taken prisoner, 3 May, 1863, at Chan cellorsville; returned to duty, 14 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GARDINER, Benjamin B. 26. Salem, Mass. Carpenter. May, 1861. Salem. Wounded in head, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; and discharged in consequence. GARRITY, Daniel. 23. Lowell, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. Lowell. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Wounded in face and neck, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 19 Oct., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GILSON, Albert. 22. Dunstable, Mass. Teamster. 12 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Ce dar Mountain. THE ENLISTED MEN. 317 GLEASON, John. 22. Limerick, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Chicopee. Wounded in knee, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; returned to duty, 17 Jan., 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GORDON, Elbridge G. 24. Solon, Me. Painter. May, 1861. Solon, Me. Detached as assistant to division commissary, 1 March, 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GOULD, John. 39. Groton, Mass. Teamster. May, 1861. Lowell. Detailed as company cook, 1861. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. GREEN, William R. 21. Salem, Mass. Tanner. May, 1861. Salem. Taken prisoner, August, 1862, near Manassas Junction; returned to duty, 17 May, 1863. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. See Second Term. GREENOUGH, Daniel S. 31. Salem, Mass. Cordwainer. May, 1861. Salem. Wounded in foot, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, October, 1862. Woun ded in head, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca ; and died in conse quence, 6 June, 1864. GRIFFIN, John. 21. Cork, Ireland. Upholsterer. 11 Aug., 1862. Boston. Wounded in leg, 3 May, 1863, at Chan- cellorsville ; returned to duty, 21 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GRISWOLD, Alonzo. 24. Hinsdale, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Dalton (Hinsdale ?). Sergeant, May, 1861. Color sergeant, Dec., 1862, to ... 1862. Detached on service at Long Island, Boston Harbor, 26 July, 1863; absent 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. GRISWOLD, D wight F. 21. New Orleans, La. Painter. May, 1861. Brattleboro , Vt. Sergeant, May, 1861, to 1 Aug., 1861. Enlisted in Fourth ^nited-States Artil lery, 27 Oct., 1862; was afterwards wounded, and died in consequence. HAM, Edwin. 21. Shapleigh, Me. Carpenter. May, 1861. Salem (Boston?). Discharged for disability, 11 Aug., 1861. 318 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INTANTRY. HAM, Martin L. 19. Shapleigh, Me. Carpenter. May, 1SG1. Boston. Corporal, 14 Aug., 1861. Discharged for disability, 22 May, 1862. HANSON, Gardner L. 31. Barnston, C.W. Laborer. May, 1861. Boston. "Wounded in face and shoulder, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. HATCH, Robert. 22. Kennebunk, Me. Ship-carpenter. May, 1861. Kenpebunk, Me. Sergeant, May, 1861 ; first sergeant, 1 Aug., 1861. Wounded through shoulder, Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 29 Oct., 1862. HEARN, James. 19. Staffordshire, England. Blacksmith. May, 1861. Boston. Deserted June, 1861. HILL, James P. 21. Kennebunk, Me. Farmer. May, 1861. Kennebunk, Me. Enlisted in Fourth United- States Artillery, 25 Oct., 1862. HILL, Joseph. 21. Groton, Mass. Law student. May, 1861. Charlestown. Had served under General Have- lock in the march to Lucknow. First sergeant, May, 1861 ; discharged 1 Aug., 1861, to receive commission of second lieutenant in First Maine Cavalry ; was subsequently cap tain in the Fifth Kentucky Cavalry, and aide to General Rosecrans; resigned in January, 1864. HOGAN, Patrick. 20. Tipperary, Ireland. Machinist. May, 1861. Chicopee. Taken prisoner, 12 Dec., 1862, near Hillsboro , Va. ; dropped from the rolls, 29 Feb., 1864; said to have been discharged in March, 1863. HOLLAND, John. 21. Tyrone, Ireland. Tailor. May, 1861. Lowell. Detailed as company musician, June, 1861; taken prisoner, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. HOLMES, Charles W. 21. Preston Hill, N.Y. Black smith. May, 1861. Dalton. Taken prisoner, 9 June, 1863, at Beverly Ford; returned to duty, 14 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN. 319 HOLT, Henry H. 20 N.H. Dairyman. May, 1861. Chelmsford. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 5 April, 1863. HORGAN, Michael. 20. Boston, Mass. Laborer. 30 July, 1862. See Second Term. HOYT, Charles N. 20. Lowell, Mass. Dairyman. May, 1861. Lowell. Taken prisoner, September, 1862, while in hospital in Frederick, Md., and paroled ; returned to duty, 3 April, 1863. Discharged for, disability, 22 April, 1863. HUFF, Thatcher J. 22. Kennebunkport, Me. Farmer. May, 1861. Kennebunk, Me. "Wounded through chest, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, and taken prisoner; discharged in consequence of wounds, 5 Feb., 1863. HURLEY, Timothy. 22. Waterford, Ireland. Glovemaker. May, 1861. Rowley. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, and paroled; returned to duty, 13 Dec., 1862. W r ounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; absent until mustered out, 28 May, 1864. JOHNSON, Augustus. 18. Roxbury, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Alford. Wounded in shoulder, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 17 June, 1863. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. JOHNSON, Thomas. 21. Liverpool, England. Cotton-spin ner. May, 1861. Athol. Corporal, 15 Jan., 1862 ; color- corporal, 12 Oct., 1863. Wounded in hand, 24 May, 1862, at Newtown, Va. ; not disabled. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. KELLEY, George F. 19. Pittsfield, Mass. Moulder. May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, June, 1861. KELSEY, Jeremiah A. 27. Newport, N.H. Painter. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Wounded in thigh, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 17 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. KEMP, William H. 28. Lowell, Mass. Painter. 29 July, 1862. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 16 Jan., 1863. 320 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. KENNY, Martin. 35. Galway, Ireland. Shoemaker. 28 Aug., 1862. Marlboro . Wounded in face, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. KERNE ALT, Dennis. 19. Cork, Ireland. Cordwainer. May, 1861. Boston. Deserted 14 May, 1863. KEYES, Stephen F. 20. North Chelmsford, Mass. Law student. 12 Aug., 1862. Boston. Corporal, 1 Oct., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. Practising law in Boston. KING, James. 24. Dublin, Ireland. Farmer. May, 1861. Cambridge. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. KINMONTH, Hugh. 27. Cork, Ireland. Currier. May, 1861. Manchester. Corporal, May, 1861; sergeant, 13 April, 1862, to 10 May, 1863 ; and again 17 July, 1863 ("for good behavior in action at Gettysburg"). Mustered out 28 May, 1864. LOVEJOY, William W. 20. Andover, Mass. Machinist. May, 1861. Andover. Wounded in face, 3 July, 1863 at Gettysburg ; not disabled. Wounded in thigh, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. LUNDY, Francis. 30. Manchester, England. Printer. May, 1861. New- York City. Sergeant, 12 Aug., 1861 ; first sergeant, 1 Nov., 1862 ; color-bearer at Antietam. Promoted to be second lieutenant, 30 March, 1863. See Commissioned Officers. MANNING, John. 27. ... Ireland. Painter. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Wounded in thigh, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; died in consequence, 25 Aug., 1863. MARSHALL, Frederick II. 22. Bangor, Me. Dyer. May 1861. Lowell. Corporal, May, 1861, to June, 1861 ; and again 1 Aug., 1861, to 11 Dec., 1861. Deserted 28 Jan. 1862, while on furlough. McKEAN, Peter. 36. Edinboro , Scotland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Bellingham. Wounded in groin, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; discharged in consequence, 17 Nov., 1862. THE ENLISTED MEN. 321 Me VET, Michael. 22. Tyrone, Ireland. Cotton-buffer. May, 1861. Lowell. Deserted 22 Aug., 1861. MERRITT, Wesley M. 21. Sharon, Vt. Teamster. May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, May, 1861 ; sergeant, 1 Aug., 1861, to 12 Aug., 1861. Discharged for disability (from accident), 23 March, 1863. MINOR, Abraham. 35. Danville, Vt. Laborer. May, 1861. Lowell. Enlisted as wagoner. Discharged for disability, 5 June, 1862. MOSHER, Edwin. 21. Saratoga, N.Y. Clerk. May, 1861. Dalton. Wounded in leg, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, and taken prisoner ; paroled a few days afterwards ; dis charged in consequence of wounds, 13 Jan., 1863. MOULTON, James E. 24. Lynn, Mass. Cordwainer. May, 1861. Lynn. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1863, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 19 Aug., 1862. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. MURRAY, Francis. 23. Troy, N.Y. Sawyer. May, 1861. Middlefield (Boston?). Deserted from hospital, April, 1863. MURRY, James. 23. Cork, Ireland. Morocco-dresser. May, 1861. Charlestown. Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, 28 Feb., 1862 ; dropped from the rolls. NEWMAN, Charles H. 19. Windsor, Vt. Cotton-spinner. May, 1861. Windsor, Vt. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Wounded in ancle, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; not disabled. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. NUTE, William W. 25. Dunbarton, N.H. Cordwainer. May, 1861. Orange. Detached to Fourth United-States . Artillery, 10 April, 1862 ; enlisted in Fourth United- States Artillery, 25 Oct., 1862. OAKES, James. 31. Lancaster, England. Laborer. May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 13 April, 1862. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, while a color corporal. 21 322 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. O DoHERTY, Francis. 19. Londonderry, Ireland. Clerk. 9 June, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 15 Jan., 1862; ser geant, 23 April, 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1863. Wounded in neck, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 26 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. ORR, Samuel. 41. Albany, N.Y. Painter. 10 June, 1861. New Bedford. Sent to hospital in Philadelphia, 4 March, 1862, and discharged for disability in 1862. PACKARD, Joseph S. 24. Boston, Mass. Clerk. May, 1861.. Boston. Corporal, 14 Aug., 1861; color cor poral, 4 July, 1862. Wounded in back (lateral), 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; discharged in consequence, 1 Dec., 1863. PETERSEN, Andrew S. 26. Boyen, Norway. Cabinet maker. May, 1861. Lowell. Detached on signal ser vice, 28 Aug., 1861, to 17 Aug., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. PLAISTED, Edwin. 21. Watertown, Mass. Shoemaker. 18 May, 1861. Windham (Me.?). Enlisted in Fourth United-States Artillery, 25 Oct., 1862. POPE, Joseph N. 18. Salem, Mass. Teamster. May, 1861. Salem. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester. Discharged for disability, 3 Jan., 1863. POWERS, Patrick. 22. Waterford, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Chicopee. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PRESCOTT, Morrill. 24. Buxton, Me. Manufacturer. May, 1861. Holy oke. Sergeant, 11 May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 3 Jan., 1863. REARDON, Daniel. 27. Waterford, Ireland. Currier. May, 1861. Salem. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester ; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Wounded in arm, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; absent in hospital^ 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. (Subsequently re-enlisted in the same company. See Second Term.} THE ENLISTED MEN. 323 RODGERS, Joseph. 21. Cook s Corner, Vt. Teamster. 18 May, 1861. Windham, Vt. Corporal, 6 July, 1861 ; sergeant, 1 Nov., 1862 ; first sergeant, 23 April, 1863. Wounded in right arm and in left foot, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 17 Oct., 1862. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. SARGENT, Harrison. 37. Wells, Me. Butcher. May, 1861. Kennebunk, Me. Discharged for disability, 3 June, 1862. SCOTT, Thomas. 34. Tyrone, Ireland. Soap-maker. 10 July, 1862. Lowell. Sent to hospital, 12 Feb., 1864. Mustered out 20 July, 1865. SHUFELT, Stephen. 20. St. Ambrose, C.W. Machinist. May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 4 Oct., 1862, to 29 Feb., 1864. Detached to Division Ambulance Corps, 16 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SKINNER, Austin L. 26. Nashua, N.H. 7 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 26 Oct., 1862. SMITH, Reuben. 18. Lancashire, England. Cordwainer. May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in hip, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; returned to duty, 28 Aug., 1863. Re-enlist ed. See Second Term. SMITH, William H. 23. Nashua, N.H. Painter. 14 Aug., 1862. Dracut. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Get tysburg ; returned to duty, 3 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SMITHICK, Maurice. 20. Methuen, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. Somerville. Discharged for disability, 22 April, 1863. STANTON, William. 23. Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability in 1862. STEPHENS, Alexander. 18. Mayo, Ireland. Laborer. -11 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Wounded, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester; died in consequence, June, 1862, at Winchester. STEPHENS, John. 22. Mayo, Ireland. Moulder. 15 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Wounded in shoulder, 9 Aug., 1862, at 324 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Cedar Mountain; died in consequence, September, 1862, at Annapolis, Md. STEVENS, Jesse. 21. Kennebunk, Me. Ship-carpenter. May, 1861. Kennebunk, Me. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. STIMPSON, Jesse F. 21. Fredericktown, N.B. Black smith. May, 1861. Milford. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Wounded in ankle, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; ab sent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. TAYLOR, George. 20. Kennebunk, Me. Sawyer. May, 1861. Kennebunk, Me. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. THING, Henry. 22 May, 1861. Boston (?). Discharged for disability, June, 1861. THOMPSON, William. 24. Lancashire, England, Weaver. May, 1861. Salem. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. TUCKER, William. 24. Roxbury, Mass. Machinist. May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 11 Aug., 1861. WALL, Michael. 25. Tipperary, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Boston (?). Deserted 5 July, 1861. WALLACE, John A. 19. Derry, N.H. Apothecary. May, 1861. Lowell. Died of scrofula, 9 April, 1862, at Fred erick, Md. WATSON, Samuel C. 23. Easton, Mass. Iron-moulder. May, 1861. Boston (?). Discharged for disability, June, 1861. (State record says, "deserted.") WELDON, Henry. 19. Lowell, Mass. Machinist. May, .1861. Lowell. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WHITTIER, Ruel. 26. Mercer, Me. Carpenter. May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 14 Aug., 1861. Killed in ac tion, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. WILSON, Joseph H. 20. Salem, Mass. Sailor. May, 1861. Salem. Discharged for disability (chronic diar rhea), 28 March, 1863 ; six weeks after, enlisted in the THE ENLISTED MEN. 325 naval service ; was in the Ossipee from 8 Sept., 1864; con tracted disease at Galveston, Texas, and was in the Naval Asylum, Philadelphia, in December, 1865. COMPANY C. ABORN, Sylvester P. 18. South Reading, Mass. Shoe maker. 12 Aug., 1862. South Reading. Wounded in hand, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; returned to duty, 29 Oct., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. ALLEY, George W. 32. Lynn, Mass. Machine-sower. 29 July, 1862. Lynn. Wounded in foot, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864; dis charged, time and place unknown. ANDREWS, Charles O. 22. Lincoln Co,, Me. 11 May, 1861. Ipswich. Sergeant, 24 May, 1862. Wounded in hip, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; not disabled. De tached to Division ... 10 Oct., 1862. Discharged for disability, 9 Jan., 1863. APPLETON, John L. 38. ... Mass. Salesman. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Discharged for disability, 9 Aug., 186L BAILEY, Edwin A. 26. Salem, Mass. Dyer. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 14 Sept., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. BARKER, Benjamin. 44. Salem, Mass. Baker. 5 Aug., 1862. Salem. Discharged for disability, . . Jan., 1863. BENNETT, Thomas Y. 23. Nan tucket, Mass. Sailor. 20 May, 1861. Nantucket. Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. BERRY, Eben. P. 36. Andover, Me. Shoemaker. 29 July, 1862.Lynn. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. 326 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. BROWN, Frederick H. 18. Lowell, Mass. Farmer. 18 June, 1861. Lowell. Missing, and doubtless killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. BROWN, George H. A. 28. Exeter, N.H. Shoemaker. 28 July, 1862. Lynn. Died of pneumonia, 3 Feb., 1863, at Washington, B.C. BROWN, John F. 25. Salem, Mass. Shoemaker. 28 July, 1862. Lynn. Wounded in left arm (amputated), 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; discharged in consequence, 7 Oct., 1863. [Was chosen a Representative from Lynn to the Legislature of 1864.] BROWNING, George F. 26. Salem, Mass. Sailor. 11 May, 1861. Salem. First sergeant, 24 May, 1861. Appointed quartermaster-sergeant, 9 Oct., 1861. See Non-commissioned Staff". Also Commissioned Officers. BUMPUS, Ephraim. 26. Mercer, Me. Weaver. 7 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Died of typhoid fever, 30 Dec., 1861? at Alexandria, Va. BURBANK, Nathan. 18. Salem, Mass. Waiter. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Company-musician, April, 1862, to 1 Dec., 1862. Deserted June, 1863. BURNHAM, Amos P. 19. Danvers, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Wenham. Corporal, 4 Sept., 1863. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; re turned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Wounded in ankle, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville ; returned to duty, 14 Sept., 1863. Re-enlisted 7 Feb., 1864. See Second Term. BYRON, Francis. 19. Oxford, Me. Farmer. 20 Aug., 1862. Gloucester. Discharged for disability, 15 Feb., 1864. CAHILL, Robert C. 19. Ballihale, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblf head. Transferred, 28 Dec., 1861, to Company H., which see. CAREY, James. 29. N.S. Farmer. 7 Oct., 1861. Low ell. Died of typhoid fever, 14 Feb., 1862, at Frederick, Md. THE ENLISTED MEN. 327 CARL EN, Samuel. 35. Salem, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CASEY, David. 23.- Topsfield, Mass. Butcher. 11 May, 1861. Topsfield. Sergeant, 24 May, 1861. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 14 Sept., 1862. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. CHASE, James A. 27. Newburyport, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Hamilton. Wounded in shoulder, and paralyzed by bullet on breast-plate, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; died in consequence, 16 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. CLEAVES, Henry F. 20. Beverly, Mass. Currier. 11 May, 1861. Beverly. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, while in hospital at Winchester ; discharged (a paroled prisoner) 16 July, 1862. CLOONEY, John J. 15. Charlottetown, P.E. Island. Ap prentice. May, 1861. Boston. Company-musician, 24 May, 1861. Taken prisoner by guerillas, 18 July, 1862, near Front Eoyal, Va. ; returned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. - See Second Term. COCHRANE, John. 18. Liverpool, England. Seaman. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. CONLEY, George. 19. Eastport, Me. Box-maker. May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 9 Oct., 1861. Sergeant, 11 March, 1863. Wounded in foot, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 7 Jan., 1863. Detached on service at Boston Harbor, 26 July, 1863 ; absent, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. CURTIN, Joseph. 41. Ireland. Tailor. 20 Aug., 1862. Somerville. Detached to Division Ambulance Corps, 19 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. DAILY, James. 19. Galway, Ireland. Printer. 5 Aug., 1862. Boston. Wounded in thTgh and in leg, 3 July, 1863. at Gettysburg. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. DAILY, Timothy. 36. Mallow, Ireland. Currier. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Wounded in thigh, 9 Aug., 1862, at 328 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 14 Nov., 1862. DENNIS, William H. 26. Marblehead, Mass. Baker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to parole camp, Annapolis, Md., 14 Sept., 1862 ; discharged for disability in 1863. DEVENEY, John. 21. Gal way, Ireland. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Lynn. Wounded in arm, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; discharged for disability, by order of Gen eral Martindale, 14 Nov., 1862. DONOVAN, William. 17. Liverpool, England. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Wounded in chest, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; died in consequence, 26 Aug., 1862, at Alexandria, Va. DUFFY, James. 28. Boston, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Corporal, 12 Oct., 1861, to 22 Nov., 1861. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; re turned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. DYER, James. 24. Bridgeton, N.S. Cordwainer. 4 Aug., 1862. Lynn. Discharged for disability, 17 Jan., 1863. Died at Eastern Railway Station in Boston, on his way home. EDWARDS, Charles W. 26. Beverly, Mass. Painter. 1 L May, 1861. Salem. Corporal, 9 Oct., 1861; sergeant, 17 April, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. EMERSON, Asa W. 21. Rowley, Mass. Blacksmith. 11 May, 1861. Rowley. Detailed to Commissary Depart ment, 7 Sept., 1861. Appointed quartermaster-sergeant, 1 April, 1863. See Non-commissioned Staff. EMERSON, Charles H. 19. Epsom, N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Killed in action (by shot from a house), 25 May, 1862, at Winchester. EVANS, William. 18. Kearney, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Wounded in groin, 3 July, 1863. at Gettysburg; transferred to Invalid Corps. THE ENLISTED MEN. 329 FERRIE, William. 26. England. Machinist. 20 Aug., 1862. Boston. Wounded in leg, 3 May, 1863, at Chan- cellorsville ; discharged in consequence, 24 Sept., 1863. FITZGERALD, Conrad. 20. Salem, Mass. Seaman. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Corporal, 24 May, 1861. Desert ed 13 June, 1862. FLOOD, Patrick. 24. Askell, Ireland. Farmer. May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 28 Sept., 1861. FOSTER, John. 36. Tyrone, Ireland. Shoemaker. 12 Aug., 1862. Boston. Died of typhoid fever, 25 Jan., 1863, at Alexandria, Va. FRAMES, Murdoch. 19. Upper Stewaick, N.S. Wheel wright. 11 May, 1861. Boxford (Topsfield?). Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. FULLER, David. 28. Danvers, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Danvers. Enlisted wagoner, 24 May, 1861. Or derly at regimental headquarters, 1 July, 1861. Discharged for disability, 12 July, 1862. GARDNER, Robert. 40. ... Mass. Seaman. 11 May, 1861. Beverly (Salem?). Discharged for disability, 9 Dec., 1861. GILDAY, Edward. 23. Charlestown, Mass. Currier. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; not disabled. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. GOETZ, Fritz. 21. Germany. Laborer. 20 Aug., 1862. Brookline. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; died in consequence, 6 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. GOODALE, Lewis E. 19. Danvers, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Danvers. Discharged for disability, 9 March, 1863. GOODWIN, Horatio E. 23. Shapleigh, Me. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Danvers (?). Corporal, 24 May, 1861, to 26 July, 1862. Term of service prolonged. Killed in action, 30 July, 1864, near Atlanta. 330 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. GOULD, Benjamin F. Andover, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 18G1. Middleton. Detailed as regimental wagoner, 19 April, 1864. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. GOULD, James. 28. New Boston, N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 18 61. Beverly. Discharged for disability, 1 March, 1863. GREY, Thomas H. 21. Troy, N.Y. Seaman. 11 May, 1861. Wenham. Corporal, 24 May, 1861. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. GROVES, George. 28. Cork, Ireland. Grocer. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Deserted 2 July, 1861. HATCH, Daniel A. 23. Portsmouth, N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Hopedale. Corporal, 24 May, 1861, to 9 Oct., 1861, when returned to the ranks at his own request. Wounded in chest, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg > died in consequence in 1864, at York, Pa. HA VERT Y, John F. 19. Athenroy, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Milford (Marblehead?). Wounded in left arm (amputated), 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; discharged in consequence, 26 Dec., 1862. HENXESY, David. 24. Mallow, Ireland. Currier. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Corporal, 22 Nov., 1861, to 29 Nov., 1862. Wounded in the hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 10 Aug., 1863. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. HINES, John. 18. Sligo, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. HOGAN, John L. 24. Cork, Ireland. Currier. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Discharged for disability (caused by accident). HOYT, Albert J. 18. Northwood, N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Epsom, N.H. Wounded in thigh, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; died in consequence, 29 May, 1863, at Washington, D.C. THE ENLISTED MEN. 331 HUNTRESS, William H. 21. Worcester, Mass. Shoe maker. 11 May, 1861. Portsmouth (Plaistow?), N.H. Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, 18 Feb., 1862. Discharged for disability in Jan., 1863. HUTCHINSON, Nathan H. 21. Rowley, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Rowley. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to Annapolis, Md., and died there, of typhoid fever, 25 Sept., 1862. HYDE, Dearborn F. 23. Ossipee, N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. South Danvers. Detailed wagoner, 1 July 1861, to 20 July, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. JEWELL, Franklin. 18. Hopkinton, N.H. Seaman. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. Jo YE, Robert H. 24. Salem, Mass. Painter. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Corporal, 24 May, 1861; sergeant, 12 Oct., 1861. Wounded in hand, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antie- tam; discharged in consequence, 21 Nov., 1862. JUHNKE, Charles. 38. Fladerbarn (?), Germany. Cabinet maker. 11 May, 1861. Manchester. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. KIMBALL, Palmer. 21. Kennebunk, Me. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Discharged for disability, 26 April, 1863. KNEELAND, Josiah M. 36. Ipswich, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Ipswich. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. KNIGHT, Jeremiah. 43. Salem, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; not disabled. Discharged for disability, 22 Feb., 1863. Enlisted subsequently in Second Massachu setts Artillery. LANGMAID, George W. 26. Chichester, N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Corporal, 24 May, 1861; ser geant, 14 Jan., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Wounded 332 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; absent in hos pital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. LARIIABEE, William H. 28. Salem, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Sergeant, 24 May, 1861, to 26 July, 1862, when returned to the ranks, at his own request, on account of ill-health. Missing (doubtless killed in ac tion), 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. LARRY, Daniel. 20. Goffstown, N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Wenham. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. LEACH, Augustus A. 21. Stoughton, Mass. Clerk. 30 July, 1862. Stoughton. Wounded in leg, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; discharged in consequence, 22 Sept., 1863. LIBBY, Addison C. 29. G . . ., Me. Farmer. May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability (from accident), 2 Jan., 1864. M MAGARVEY, James. 24. Collihilan, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Wounded in knee, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; discharged in consequence, 18 March, 1863. MAGEE, William. 18. Hartford, Ct. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. MAGUIRE, James. 22. Boston, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Wenham. Corporal, 26 July, 1862. Wound ed in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 5 Nov., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. MANNING, Thomas (1st). 37. Boston, Mass. Seaman. 11 May, 1861. Boston. Detached to gunboat on the Missis sippi, 14 Feb., 1862; discharged for disability, 26 Jan., 1863. MANNING, Thomas (2d). 22. Tewksbury, Mass. Farmer. 11 Oct., 1861. Tewksbury. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. THE ENLISTED MEN. 333 MARSHALL, William. 32. East Weare, N.H. Machinist. 5 Aug., 1862. Boston. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. MARTIN, Thomas J. 35. Boston, Mass. Painter. 21 Aug., 1862. Boston. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Sept., 1863. MARTIN, William. 42. Chesterville, Me. Bootmaker. 6 Aug., 1862. Medway. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MAYNARD, William W. 22. Tewksbury, Mass. Cabinet maker. May, 1861. Tewksbury (Lowell?). Detailed wagoner, July, 1861. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. MCCARTHY, Charles. 18. Cork, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 3 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MCCARTHY, Daniel. 19. Cork, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Wounded in arm and in each leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. Mustered out, in hospital, 16 June, 1864. MCCARTHY, John. 20. Springfield, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Beverly. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. Me LAY, James. 18. Sydney, N.S. Painter. 6 Aug., 1862. East Boston. Died of typhoid fever, 5 Oct., 1862, at Frederick, Md. MEHAN, Dennis. 18. Salem, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Appointed marker, 1861 ; corporal, 26 July, 1862; sergeant, 29 July, 1862; first sergeant, 1 Sept., 1862. Promoted to be second lieutenant, 9 Nov., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. MOORE, William A. 19. East Woburn, Mass. Seaman. . . May, L861. Boston. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 20 Oct., 1862. Wounded (lost left eye), 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 18 Aug., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. 334 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS IKFANTKY. MORGAN, William F. 33. Gloucester, Mass. Mariner. 28 July, 1862. Lynn. Corporal, 1 Jan., 1863; ser geant, 23 Dec., 1863. Wounded in ankle, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 21 Dec., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. MUDGE, William R. 23. Lynn, Mass. Photographer. 29 July, 1862. Lynn. Wounded by shot (laterally) through the head, losing both eyes, 3 May, 1863, at Chan- cellorsville ; discharged in consequence, 11 Oct., 1863. MURPHY, James. 23. Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Corporal, 3 May, 1863 ("for gallantry in action at Chancellors ville"), and color-corporal. Was color- bearer at the close of the action at Gettysburg. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MURRY, James M. 23. Ireland. Tailor. 28 July, 1862. Lynn. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. OAKES, George A. 20. Gloucester, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Wenham. Wounded in each leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 5 Dec,, 1862. OLIVER, John H. 24. Belfast, Me. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Beverly. Corporal,! Nov., 1862, and color-cor poral, to 18 Aug., 1863, when returned to the ranks at his own request. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winches ter ; returned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. PEABODY, David B. 19. Boxford, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Middleton. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 18 Aug., 1863. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. PHALEX, Edward A. 20. Salem, Mass. Salesman. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Sergeant, 24 May, 1861 ; first sergeant, 9 Oct., 1861. Promoted to be second lieutenant, 13 July, 1862. See Commissioned Officers. Wounded in arm and in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain (before ar rival of commission). THE ENLISTED MEN. 335 PIERCE, John B. 21. Wellfleet, Mass. Teamster. 29 July, 1862. Swampscot. Re -enlisted. See Second Term. PINKHAM, Daniel G. 42. Milton, Mass. Mason. 9 Aug., 1802. Boston. Discharged for disability, 18 July, 1863. PRESTON, John C. 19. Salem, Mass. Sailor. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Company-musician, 24 May, 1861, to . . Sept., 1861, when injured by accidental shot. Detached to Division Ambulance Corps, 19 Oct., 1862. Discharged for disability, 10 Nov., 1863. QUINN, Joseph. 19. Salem, Mass. Currier. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Discharged as a minor, 1 July, 1861. RECKARDS, Philo. 21. Turner, Me. Bootmaker. 30 July, 1862. North Easton. Died of typhoid fever, 28 Sept., 1862, at Laytonsville (near Rockville), Md. RECKARDS, Seth. 24. Palmyra, Me. Bootmaker. 30 July, 1862. North Easton. Deserted 28 Aug., 1862. REGAN, John. 40. Ireland. Laborer. 18 Aug., 1862. Boston. Wounded in wrist, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; returned to duty, 3 Nov., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. RICE, William H. C. 19. Islington (London), England. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Wounded in leg, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged in consequence, 9 Dec., 1862. ROWE, John M. 20. Gloucester, Mass. Shoemaker. 1 1 May, 1861. Wenham. Corporal, 24 Sept., 1862. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. SANBORN, Levi C. 19. . . . N.H. Painter. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 14 Jan., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 14 Oct., 1862. Wounded in right arm, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; discharged in consequence, 6 Jan., 1864. SCIIERB, E. Vitalis. 44. Basle, Switzerland. Lecturer. 8 Aug., 1862. Boston. Sent to hospital, 22 Aug., 1862, and never returned. Dropped from the rolls. Died of heart-disease, at Philadelphia, 11 July, 1865. 336 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. SEBBENS, Kufus W. 20 Me. Carpenter. May, 1861. Lowell. Enlisted in United-States Cavalry in 1862. SHEA, David. 20. Salem, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Wenham. Died of typhoid fever, 28 Dec., 1861, at Alexandria, Va. SHEA, John J. 18. Boston, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead (Boston?). Wounded in side, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; returned to duty, 11 March, 1863. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 8 Oct., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. SOPER, William M. 30. Livermore, Me. Currier. 11 May, 1861. Beverly. Company cook, 1 July, 1861. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. , STACY, John W. 18. Annismullen, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. STANLEY, Joseph M. 20. Beverly, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Beverly. Discharged for disability, 14 Dec., 1862. STAPLES, George, 37. Sebago, Me. Ship-carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Killed in action, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester. .STEWART, John. 27. Middleton, Mass. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Middleton. Re -enlisted. See Second Term. STEWART, Levi D. 30. Fox Island, Me. Machinist. 22 May, 1861. Lowell. Detached as pioneer, First Divi sion, 6 April, 1862. Taken prisoner, 23 May, 1862, at Front Royal, Va. ; returned to duty, 12 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. STONE, Henry Van D. 19. Brooklyn, N.Y. Student. 7 Aug., 1862. Brookline. Corporal, 19 Nov., 1862. Sec ond lieutenant, 20 March, 1863. See Commissioned Officers. THE ENLISTED MEN. 337 STONE, James K. 21. Boston, Mass. Student. 7 Aug., 1862. Brookline. Corporal, 24 Sept., 1862. Promoted to be second lieutenant, to date from 10 Aug., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. STONEHALL, John. 20. Lowell, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Danvers. Missing (and doubtless killed) in action. 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. STRAFFORD, James M. 32. North Attleboro , Mass. En gine-driver. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Corporal, 12 June, 1861 ; sergeant, 24 Sept., 1862; 1st sergeant, 1 Jan., 1863. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; re turned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. SULLIVAN, Daniel. J7. Boston, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Beverly (Lowell ?). Corporal, 1 Jan., 1863. Wounded in abdomen, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; died in consequence, 14 May, 1863, at Aquia Landing, Va. SWEENY, Morgan. 18. Ireland. Currier. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Discharged for disability, 15 Sept., 1861. En listed subsequently in the Ninth Massachusetts. TUCKER, George H. 28. Saco, Me. Shoemaker. May, 1861. South Danvers. Detached to corps-post office, 24 July, 1861, to February, 1862. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Taken prisoner, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; re turned to Annapolis, Md., and died there, of typhoid fever, 23 Nov., 1863. TYLER, Alonzo C. 25. Augusta, Me. Engine-driver. May, 1861. Tewksbury (Lowell ?). Detailed wagoner, 1 July, 1861. Discharged for disability, 22 Feb., 1863. VOLLER, Benjamin H. 45. Salem, Mass. Brewer. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Discharged for disability, 14 Oct., 1862. [Died in Salem, of consumption, shortly after wards.] WALLACE, Thomas. 40. Cork, Ireland. Teamster. 22 Aug., 1 862. Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. 22 338 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. WALTER, Horace A. 28. Newfield, Me. Shoemaker. 7 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, . . . Jan., 1862. WARREN, Loammi B. 18 N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Ipswich (Ossipee, N.H.?). Corporal, 24 May, 1861. Deserted 9 June, 1861. WELCH, David C. 26. Baltimore, Md. Cigar-maker. 29 July, 1862. Lynn. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Feb., 1864. WHITE, William. 22. Boston, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Lawrence (Middleton?). Wounded in thigh, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 5 Nov., 1863. Mastered out 28 May, 1864. WILDES, William H. 18. North Andlover, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Middleton. Corporal, 4 Sept., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WILLIAMS, Henry. 42. Downington, Penn. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Boxford. Corporal, 24 May, 1861, to 9 Oct., 1861, when returned to the ranks at his own re quest. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WILLISTON, William W. 20. Salem, Mass. Printer. 11 May, 1861. Salem. Missing (and doubtless killed) in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. WILSON, Benjamin H. 28 Md. Machinist. May, 1861. Groton. Deserted 17 Aug., 1861. WOODMAN, Samuel W. 20. South Danvers, Mass. Shoe maker. 11 May, 1861. South Danvers. Wounded twice in arm, in leg, and in side, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864. Mustered out, date and place unknown. THE ENLISTED MEN. 339 COMPANY D. ALDEN, George H. 22. Templeton, Mass. Brakeman. May, 1861. Fitchburg. Appointed marker, May, 1861. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. En listed in Fifth United-States Artillery, 2 April, 1863. ALLEN, Charles. 22. Diana, N.Y. Machinist. 15 May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 13 July, 1862. Sergeant, 26 Nov., 1862. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; returned to duty, 17 Dec., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. ANDERSON, John E. 26. West Boylston, Mass. Boot maker. May, 1861. West Boylston. Corporal, 1 May, 1862. Sergeant, 15 Feb., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, October, 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. ANDREAVS, John. 24. . . . England. Mariner. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Discharged for disability, 19 Dec., 1862. ANTONY, Wilbur F. 22. Dalton, Mass. Sawyer. May, 1861. Tyringham. Corporal, May, 1861. Deserted 17 June, 1861. BALCOM, Myron L. 23. Watertown, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marlboro . Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. BARRY, Patrick. 22. Lenox, Mass. Mechanic. May, 1861. Lee (Northampton?). Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BARRY, William. 28. Cork, Ireland. Bootmaker. 16 Aug., 1862. Boston. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; never returned. Dropped from the rolls, 17 Dec., 1863, as deserter. BARTLETT, Anson B. 22. Boston, Mass. Painter. May, 1861. Clinton. Corporal, 12 July, 1862. Wounded in neck, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; enlisted (without re turning to duty) in United-States Infantry, 2 April, 1863. BEACH, William. 18. Louth, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Oakdale. Discharged as a minor, 30 May, 1862. 340 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. BEAN, Walter F. 18. Lowell, Mass. Teamster. 15 Oct., 186T. Lowell. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester ; returned to duty, 27 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 15 Oct., 1864. BERRIGAN, Kerin. 35. ... Ireland. Laborer. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. BICKFORD, Charles H. 26. Boston, Mass. Shoemaker. 18 Aug., 1862. Lowell. Deserted 8 Feb., 1863. BICKFORD, Walter. 32. Gardner, Mass. Fireman. 11 May, 1861. Gardner. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. BILLINGS, Alfred. 21. Reading, Mass. Farmer. 12 May, 1861. Lunenburg. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. BILLINGS, Amos. 19. Reading, Mass. Farmer. 12 May, 1861. Lunenburg. Died of diphtheria, 26 July, 1862, at Little Washington, Va. BISBEE, Charles E. 18. Springfield, Vt. House painter. 11 May, 1861. New-York City (Fitchburg?). Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BLIVEN, Arthur. 19. Lenox, Mass. Teamster. 11 May, 1861. Lenox. Corporal, 18 Feb., 1862. Sergeant, 4 Nov., 1862. First sergeant, 11 May, 1863, to 25 Aug., 1863. Sergeant again, 4 March, 1864. Detached on re cruiting service, 11 April, 1864. Re-enlisted 30 April, 1864. See Second Term. BLOOD, George F. 23. Stow, Mass. Fireman. 23 June, 1862. Boston. Wounded in face, 17 Sept., 1862, at An- tietam ; returned to duty, 2 Nov., 1863. Absent sick, 30 May, 1865, in hospital at Worcester, when mustered out. BLUNT, William H. 20. West Boylston, Mass. Boot maker. 11 May, 1861. West Boylston. Corporal, 26 Nov., 1862. Sergeant, 13 June, 1863. Wounded through abdomen, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; died in consequence, 13 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. THE ENLISTED MEN. 341 BOOTH, Alvin O. 24. Alstead, N.H. Sawyer. May, 1861. Ashby (Fitchburg?). Detailed as regimental wagoner, 1 July, 1861. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. BOSTON, George H. 20. Littleton, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Winchendon. Deserted 19 May, 1863. BROOKS, Albert E. 24. ... Mass. Mechanic. 11 May, 1861. Westminster. Drowned in Charles River, West Roxbury, Mass., 2 June, 1861. BRUCE, George A. 30. Fitchburg, Mass. House painter. 11 May, 1861. Fitchburg (Winchendon?). Corporal, 1 May, 1862, to 11 May, 1863, when returned to the ranks during prolonged absence. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. CAHILL, John. 19. Lee, Mass. Mechanic. 11 May, 1861, Lee (Northampton?). Taken prisoner, 4 Sept., 1862, at Chantilly, Va. ; returned to duty, 22 Dec., 1862. Dis charged for disability, 15 Jan., 1863. CASSIDY, William. 28. Oxford, C.W. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Leominster. Deserted 3 Sept., 1863. CHASE, Charles H. 19. Boston, Mass. Clerk. May, 1861. Boston. Enlisted company musician, May, 1861. Dis charged for disability, 28 June, 1861. CHASE, William P. 23. Holden, Mass. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Oakdale. Wounded in shoulder, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; discharged in consequence, 23 Nov., 1862. CHENEY, Gilbert A. 23. Worcester, Mass. Fireman, 14 May, 1861. Fitchburg (Newton?). Wounded in groin, in thigh (three places), while in color guard, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; died in consequence, 29 Oct., 1862, at Frederick, Md. CHENEY, Harvey A. 18. Chesterfield, N.H. Chairmaker. 11 May, 1861. Ashburnham. Sergeant, May, 1861, to 14 Aug., 1861. Discharged as a minor, 13 Sept., 1862. CHILDS, Isaac. 26. Leicester, Mass. Mechanic. 11 May, 1861. Oakdale. Wounded 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar 342 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Mountain ; returned to duty. Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. CLAPP, Cyrus J. 22. Leicester, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Rindge, N.H. Discharged for disability, 19 Oct., 1861. CLAPP, Samuel B. 19. Peterboro , N.H. Mechanic. 11 May, 1861. Gardner. Died of measles, 27 Dec., 1861, at Alexandria, Ya. CLEAVES, Charles. 21. Dayton, Me. Seaman. 15 May, 1861. Dayton, Me. Corporal, 6 Aug., 1861, to 26 Nov., 1862, when returned to the ranks during prolonged absence. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, while hospital attendant at Winchester : was paroled, but never returned to duty ; and was dropped from the rolls, as deserter, 8 Feb., 1863. COBB, Horatio S. 19. East Bennington, Vt. Blacksmith. 11 May, 1861. Lee. Detailed company musician, June, 1861. Mustered out 28 May, 1864, COLBURX, Charles H. 22. Philadelphia, Pa. Musician. 27 June, 1862. Boston. Dropped from the rolls, 7 Oct., 1862, as deserter. COLEMAN, Michael. 19. Ballimasloe, Ireland. Mechanic. 11 May, 186 ! . Hinsdale. Taken prisoner, 4 Sept., 1862, near Chantilly ; deserted from parole camp, and was dropped from the rolls, 25 Dec., 1862. COLVIN, Frederick. 18. Rhodesville, Conn. Spinner. 11 May, 1861. Oakdale. Wounded in abdomen, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; died in consequence, 1 June, 1862, at Winchester. CONANT, Alphonso. 21. Salisbury, Vt. Joiner. May, 1861. Fairhaven, Ct. Discharged for disability, 1 Jan., 1863. CROCKER, Harry A. 24. Moriah, N.Y. Mechanic. 11 MayylSCl. Winchendon. Sergeant, May, 1861. Wound ed in leg, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged in consequence, 23 Nov., 1862. THE ENLISTED MEN. 343 CROSBY, Reuben G. 31. Brattleboro , Vt. Engine-driver. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Detailed as hospital attendant, 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. CURTIS, George S. 22. Sussex Co., England. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Luneuburg. Re-enlisted. See Second Term: DEE, James J. 22. Boston, Mass. Plate printer. 11 Sept., 1862. Boston. Wounded in hand, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; deserted from hospital in Philadelphia, and was dropped from the rolls, 23 Sept., 1863. DERR, John. 28. Wodenburg, Germany. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. DOUGLASS, Robert. 24. Cambridge, Mass. Carpenter. .7 Aug., 1862. Cambridgeport. Wounded in hand, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Nov., 1863. DRAPER, Edward. 23. Baltimore, Md. Clerk. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; dropped from the rolls as deserter from parole camp. EAGER, William O. 28. Barre, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Westminster. Corporal, May, 1861, to 20 June, 1861. Detailed as regimental wagoner . . . 1862, to 18 Oct., 1862; detached to corps supply-train, 30 Jan., 1863, to 26 July, 1863. Detailed as regimental wagoner, 18 Sept., 1863, to 30 Oct., 1863 ; and 13 Nov., 1863. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. ELA, William H. 29. Boston, Mass. Printer. 13 Aug., 1862. Boston. Detailed as hospital attendant, 9 Nov., 1862, to 11 May, 1863. Wounded through lungs, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; died in consequence, 11 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. FARWELL, Abel, jun. 23. Boylston, Mass. Shoemaker. 12 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Corporal, May, 1861, to 4 L Jkme, 1861. Ward-master in hospital at Frederick, Md. 344 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Discharged 28 Feb., 1863, to receive the appointment of hospital steward. FAR WELL, Charles B. 19. Boylston, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Northboro . Discharged for disability, 13 Sept., 1861. FAY, Benjamin F. 22. Winchendon, Mass. Railway clerk. 11 May, 1861. Ashburnham. Corporal, 3 July, 1861. Color corporal, 4 July, 1862. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. FIELDING, Gershom W. 32. Columbia, N.Y. Mechanic. 11 May, 1861. Tyringham. Discharged for disability, 16 Dec., 1861. FITZGIBBON, James C. 23. Limerick, Ireland. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Ashby. Corporal, 27 Aug., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. GREY, William. 24. Glasgow, Scotland. Miner. 8 Aug., 1862. Boston. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HADLEY, Isaac C. 30. Moretown, Vt. Joiner. 11 May ? 1861. South Royalston (Winchendon ?). Discharged for disability, 11 Oct., 1861. HALL, John J. 27. Brandon, Yt. Teamster. 11 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Detailed as regimental wagoner, May, 1861. Discharged for disability, June, 1861. HARRIS, William F. 19. Shirley, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Shirley. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HASKELL, Charles T. 35. Portland, Me. Machinist. 17 July, 1862. Lowell. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 30 Sept., 1863. HAYWARD, Horace P. 18. Fitchburg, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Discharged as a minor, 10 Aug., 1861. HEALD, Charles H. 25. Ashburnham, Mass. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Ashburnham. Corporal, 1 Nov., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1863, at Winchester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. THE ENLISTED MEN. 345 HEWINS, Henry. 39. Sharon, Mass. Shoemaker. 4 Aug., 1862. Sharon. Detached to division ambulance corps, 29 Oct., 1862, to 4 Nov., 1862. Died of chronic diarrhrea, 19 Dec., 1862, at Frederick, Md. HINES, James P. 18. Providence, R.I. Ornamental painter. 11 May, 1861. Gardner. Wounded in wrist, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; enlisted (without re turning to duty) in the Eighteenth United-States Infantry, 2 April, 1863. HOLMES, Theodore D. 22. Lee, Mass. Papermaker. 11 May, 1861. Tyringham. Detailed as ordnance clerk, 15 Sept., 1861 ; detached to corps post-office, 6 March, 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HOSMER, George B. F. 18. Dover, Me. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Oakdale. Detached on signal service, 10 Sept., 1861 "; died of fever, in 1862, at Newbern, N.C. HOUGHTON, Albert. 22. Lexington, Mass. Butcher. 12 May, 1861. Leominster. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, June, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. HOUGHTON, Roscoe E. 21. Lincoln, Me. Papermaker. May, 1861. Lee. Corporal, May, 1861, to 3 July, 1861. Detached to corps post-office, 31 Aug., 1861 ; discharged I Jan., 1863, by order from War Department. HYDE, William. 25. Cheshire Co., England. Mechanic. II May, 1861. Oakdale. Wounded in shoulder, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Mustered out 24 May, 1864. INGRAM, Gilbert B. 24. Becket, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Tyringham. Detailed as hospital attendant, in 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. KELLEY, Richard. 28. . Boston, Mass. Hatter. 22 Aug., 1862. Boston. Deserted 22 Dec., 1862. KELLIHER, Michael. 18. Ireland. Farmer. 17 Feb., 1862. . . . Discharged for disability, 21 Dec., 1862. KENDALL, Charles W. 20. Leominster, Mass. Mechanic. 11 May, 1861. Ashburnham. Corporal, June, 1861, to 346 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. 26 Nov., 1862, when returned to the ranks at his own request. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 July, 1863. KING, Edward H. 28. Boston, Mass. Moulder. 27 Aug., 1862. Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. KING, Ossian M. 33. Pomfret, Vt. Blacksmith. 11 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Corporal, 1 Nov., 1863. Detached to Fourth United-States Artillery, 8 April, 1862, to 19 Oct., 1862. Detailed as regimental wagoner, 5 March, 1863, to July, 1863 ; and 18 Sept., 1863, to 4 Nov., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. KING, William J. 44. Lenox, Mass. Blacksmith. 11 May, 1861. Tyringham. Detailed as regimental black smith, 21 July, 1861. Discharged for disability, 9 Oct., 1862. KINSMAN, Frederick. 22. Fitchburg, Mass. Cane-maker. May, 1861. Fitchburg. Detailed as attendant in regi mental hospital, 27 Nov., 1861. Re-enlisted. See Sec ond Term. LAKIN, Crosby. 23. Peru, Vt. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winches ter; returned to duty, 19 Dec., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. LAKIN, Jefferson. 22. Bennington, Vt. Fireman. 14 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Killed in action, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, Va. LARGEE, Thomas. 23. Glasgow, Scotland. Soldier. 1 1 May, 1861. Lunenburg. Deserted 28 Feb., 1862. LEAHY, Richard. 33. Cork, Ireland. Tailor. 22 Aug., 1862. Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. LEAHY, Arthur. 18. Danvers, Mass. Tanner. 23 June, 1862. Boston. Wounded in arm, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; returned to duty, 26 Dec., 1862. Taken priso ner, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville, and paroled; re turned to duty, 23 March, 1864. Wounded in leg, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca, and died in consequence, 18 June, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN. 347 LITCHFIELD, Charles D. 21. Lunenburg, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Lunenburg. Detailed as company cook, February, 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. LYNCH, Michael. 35. Ireland. Lamplighter. 17 July, 1862. Brookline. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 30 Sept., 1863. MACOMBER, Elijah. 19. Bristol, Vt. Iron-roller. May, 1861. Fairhaven, Vt. Deserted 25 Aug., 1861. MAUD, John. 42. Halifax, England. Painter. 30 Aug., 1862. Framingham. Wounded in hand, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; returned to duty, 3 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MAYNARD, Frederick. 24. South Hadley, Mass. Machin ist. 11 May, 1861. Winchendon. Corporal, May, 1861, to 15 April, 1862. Detailed as pioneer, First Division, 29 May, 1862, to 26 Sept., 1862. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. MILLER, Adam. 21. Bavaria. Accountant. May, 1861. Lee. Sergeant, May, 1861. Promoted to be second lieutenant, 13 June, 1862. See Commissioned Officers. MOULTON, Ansel A. 24. Lyman, N.H. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Corporal, 3 July, 1861, to 13 July, 1862. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Aug., 1863. NASON, Edwin F. 20. Cincinnati, Ohio. Shoemaker. 14 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Wounded 9 June, 1863, at Beverly Ford. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. NELSON, Andrew. 18. Lowell, Mass. Printer. 23 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Get tysburg. NEWTON. George B. 26. Mount Holly, Vt. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Oakdale. Corporal, May, 1861. Died of putrid sore throat, 27 Dec., 1861, at Baltimore, Md. NEWTON, Windsor A. 19. Mount Holly, Vt. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Oakdale. Corporal, 1862. Wounded in neck, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; enlisted in Eigh teenth United-States Infantry, 20 Dec., 1862. 348 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. NUTTING, Allen A. 18. New Ipswich, N.H. Chairmaker. 11 May, 1861. Ashburnham. Corporal, 26 Nov., 1862 ; sergeant, 11 May, 1863. Wounded in abdomen, near Beverly Ford, 9 June, 1863 ; died in consequence, 10 June, 1863, at Alexandria, Va. O BRIEN, James. 41. Cork, Ireland. Stone-mason. 26 Aug., 1862. Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. ORNE, David J. 23. Sutton, Vt. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Clinton. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Absent in hos pital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. PALMER, William. 23. Northbridge, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. West Boylston. - Corporal, May, 1861, to 15 June, 1861. Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, 18 Feb., 1862 ; discharged by orders of War Depart ment. PARKER, Theodore K. 19. Brighton, Mass. Machinist. May, 1861. Winchendon. First sergeant, May, 1861. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 24 Oct., 1862. Promoted to be second lieutenant, 24 Oct., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. PARKHURST, William. 34. Townshend, Vt. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Springfield. Deserted 5 July, 1861. PARTRIDGE, Henry J. 20. Westminster, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Westminster. Taken prisoner at Get tysburg; returned to duty, 22 May, 1864; mustered out 28 May, 1864. PETERSON, John. 23. Germany. Clerk. May, 1861. Boston. Wounded in face, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; kept in hospital at Frederick, Md.* Discharged by order of War Department, date not given. PHILLIPS, George R. 18. Keene, N.H. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Leominster. Corporal, 15 Feb., 1863. De tailed as attendant in regimental hospital, 16 Nov., 1862, to 11 May, 1863. Wounded 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg, and taken prisoner ; absent, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. THE ENLISTED MEN. 349 PHILLIPS, James M. 21. Keene, N.H. 20 May, 1861. Leominster. Dropped from the rolls, 7 Oct., 1862 5 said to have been appointed a hospital steward. PHILLIPS, William P. 42. Boston, Mass. Clerk. 4 Aug., 1862. Boston. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PIERCE, Henry O. 18. Westminster, Mass. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Discharged for disability, 30 Dec., 1862 ; died two weeks after reaching home. PIERCE, Henry S. 18. Nashua, N.H. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Winchendon. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; not disabled. Wounded, in breast, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca ; in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mus tered out. POLLARD, Edwin R. 23. Winchendon, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Winchendon. Discharged for disability, 13 Sept., 1861. PRESCOTT, James M. 18. West Boylston, Mass. Boot maker. 11 May, 1861. Oakdale. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; escaped at Mount Jackson, and returned to duty, June, 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. PRESCOTT, William W. 20. West Boylston, Mass. Farmer. 30 Aug., 1862. Oakdale. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PRIEST, M. Augustus. 19. Marlboro , Mass. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Marlboro . Corporal, 1 Nov., 1863, and color corporal. Wounded in leg, 15 May, 1864, at Resa ca; mustered out 28 May, 1864. RAFFERTY, Thomas. 23. Galway, Ireland. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Lee. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned- to duty, 19 Dec., 1862. Mustered out 24 July, 1865. REED, William H. 18. East Boston, Mass. Teamster. May, 1861. East Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. ROPES, Edward E. 25. Milton, Mass. Miner. 20 June, 1862. Lawrence, Kansas. Came from Kansas to Win chester, Va., to enlist in a Massachusetts regiment. Mus tered out 9 June, 1865. 350 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. SADLER, Rupert J. 19. Dublin, Ireland. Machinist. 10 Oct., 1861. Boston. Corporal, 26 Nov., 1862; color corporal, same date. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg, while carrying the colors. SHATTUCK, Danforth. 18. Pepperell, Mass. Farmer. 12 May, 1861. Pepperell. Wounded in side (three ribs broken), 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; returned to duty, 5 April, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. SNOW, George W. 24. Orleans, Mass. Accountant. 11 May, 1861. Nashua, N.H. Sergeant, May, 1861. Dis charged for disability, 2 Oct., 1862. SWEET, George H. 18. Tyringham, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Tyringham. Seized by writ of habeas cor pus, at Boston, 8 July, 1861, as a minor. TARBOX, Charles. 23. Phillips, Me. Shoemaker. 12 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Corporal, 14 Feb., 1863. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Aug., 1863. TAYLOR, James H. 21. Winchendon, Mass. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Winchendon. Enlisted as company- musician. Detached to brigade band, 25 April, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. THOMPSON, Jedediah C. 23. New- York City. Mechanic. 15 May, 1861. Marlboro . Corporal, 3 July, 1861. Ser geant, 10 July, 1862, to 11 May, 1863, when returned to the ranks during prolonged absence. Again corporal, 1 Sept., 1863. Sergeant, 1 Nov., 1863. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, Aug., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. THURSTON, Thomas B. 34. Fitchburg, Mass. Brakeman. 12 May, 1861. Fitchburg. Corporal, May, 1861. Ser geant, 11 Aug., 1861. First sergeant, 1 Jan., 1863, to 11 May, 1863, when made second sergeant ; again first sergeant, 5 Sept., 1863. Taken prisoner (being disabled by shell), 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. THE ENLISTED MEN. 351 TICKNOR, George. 29. Brookfield, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Tyringham. Discharged for disability, 9 Oct., 1862. TOOMBS, William D. 19. West Boylston, Mass. Boot maker. 1 1 May, 1861. Oakdale. Detached as attendant in Twelfth Corps hospital, July, 1863; returned to duty, 9 Dec., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. TOWER, Charles L. 31. Braintree, Mass. Shoemaker. 4 March, 1862. . . . Discharged for disability, 5 Dec., 1862. WALKER, Charles C. 22. Stow, Mass. Shoemaker. 12 May, 1861. Lunenburg. Transferred to Invalid Corps. WEBSTER, George W. 37. Hooksett, N.H. Clergyman. May, 1861. Bedford. Discharged for disability, Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted in the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts. WETHERBEE, Joseph A. 24. Westminster, Mass. Me chanic. 13 May, 1861. Westminster. Discharged for disability, 30 Dec., 1862. WHYTE, Alfred M. 22. Marlboro , N.H. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. West Boylston. Wagoner, 4 July, 1861. Wounded 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; died in conse quence, 8 Oct., 1862. WILCOX, Franklin B. 21. Mendon, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Westminster. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. WOODWARD, Melvin M. 22. Kinderhook, N.Y". Mason. 11 May, 1861. Lee. Corporal, 18 Feb., 1862, to 26 Nov., 1862, when returned to the ranks during prolonged absence. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 July, 1863. 352 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. COMPANY E. ADAMS, Edmund J. 38. Bellingham, Mass. Trader. 29 July, 1862. Bellingham. Discharged for disability, 19 Feb., 1863. ADAMS, Lyman. 30. Bellingham, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Franklin. Taken prisoner, August, 1861, near Harper s Ferry ; returned to parole camp, from which he deserted. ADAMS, Milton S. 27. Medway, Mass. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 25 May, 1861, to 29 Sept., 1862 ; again, 3 Nov., 1862, to 19 March, 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. ALEXANDER, Isaac. 24. Ayrshire, Scotland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Ware. Taken prisoner, August, 1861, near Harper s Ferry ; returned to duty, 24 March, 1862. Wounded in shoulder, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; dis charged in consequence, 12 Oct., 1862. ALLEN, Sidney W. 18. Milford, Mass. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, September, 1862. Wounded in heel, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; returned to duty, 1 March, 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BACON, William H. 20. Palmer, Mass. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Ware. Left with wounded, in August, 1862 ; and never returned. Dropped as deserter. BALLOU, Albert A. 30. Wrentham, Mass. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 31 Aug., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BANCROFT, George. 34. Blackstone, Mass. Bootmaker. 28 July, 1862. Medway. Discharged for disability, 5 Nov., 1862. BARNES, Julius G. 20. New Braintree, Mass. Wool- sorter. 11 May. 1861. Ware. Sergeant, 25 May, 1861. THE ENLISTED MEN. 353 to 10 Nov., 1862. Absent in hospital since December, 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BARNES, Martin L. 18. Hardwick, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Ware. Discharged for disability, 24 Sept., 1862. BATHE, Anthony. 25. Wiltshire, England. Wheelwright. 11 May, 1861. Wrentham. Detailed as regimental blacksmith, December, 1861, to . . . 1862; and 21 Oct., 1862, to 19 Oct., 1863; and 22 Oct., 1863. Mustered out 28 March, 1864. BOYD, Alexander. 48. Carrickfergus, Ireland. Sailor. 21 July, 1862. Medway. Wounded in foot, by shell, in front of Atlanta. Mustered out 20 July, 1865. BRADLEY, Patrick. 24. Boston, Mass. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Milford. Discharged for disability, 2 Dec., 1861. BROWN, Aaron. 30. Milford, Mass. Farmer. 28 July, 1862. Medway. Discharged for disability, 4 March, 1863. BROWN, Henry W. 29. Medway, Mass. Physician. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Discharged for disability, 7 July, 1861. BUCKLEY, John. 20. Cork, Ireland. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Ware. Wounded, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; and taken prisoner; died of chronic diarrhoea, 16 Oct., 1862, at Richmond, while a prisoner. BULLEN, Edmund M. 28. Medway, Mass. Painter. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1861, at Winchester; returned to duty, December, 1862. Wounded in chest, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville. In hospital when mustered out ; term expired. CASS, John W. 21. Boston, Mass. Boot-striker. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Discharged for disability, 18 Sept., 1862. CHILSON, Lucius H. 22. Perkinsville, Vt. Machinist. 11 May, 1861. Ware. Corporal, 22 Feb., 1863; sergeant, 23 354 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. 6 April, 1863, to 26 June, 1863. Detached to Company F, 4th United-States Artillery, 10 April, 1862, to 11 Oct., 1862. Wounded in hand, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg. Absent 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. CLARK, Albert H. 26. Medway, Mass. Boot-crimper. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 24 Feb., 1862, to 30 Dec., 1862, when returned to the ranks during prolonged absence. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Moun tain ; returned to duty, 15 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. COATES, David. 25. Eton, C.E. Bonnet-presser. 11 May, 1861. North Stratford (Conn. ?). Corporal, 1 Aug., 1862, to 30 Dec., 1862. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 5 Jan., 1864. CONEY, Edward H. 18. Ware, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Ware. Taken prisoner, 29 Aug., 1862, near Bristow, Va. ; returned to parole camp, and deserted. CONVERSE, Charles C. 18. Holyoke, Mass. None. 11 May, 1861. Ware. Deserted 6 July, 1861. COOK, Warren F. 23. Bellingham, Mass. Milkman. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 14 May, 1862. Wounded in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; discharged in consequence, 8 Nov., 1862. COOMBS, John V. 18. Bellingham, Mass. Farmer. 11 May, 1861. Bellingham (Medway?). Mustered out 28 May, 1864. COUGHLAN, Timothy. 21. Kerry, Ireland. Pile-driver. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, 14 Feb., 1862. Dropped from the rolls. COWDEN, Jason E. 24. Amesbury, Mass. Hatter. 17 July, 1862. Amesbury. Detached to division ambu lance corps, 29 Oct., 1862, to 23 May, 1863; transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Sept., 1863. CUMMINGS, Charles E. 27. Franklin, Mass. Boot-striker. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 1 Aug., 1862. Died of chronic diarrhosa, 19 Jan., 1863, at Washington, D.C. THE ENLISTED MEN. 55 GUSHING, Alexander M. 39. Newbern, Vt. Tailor. 28 July, 1862. Medway. Died of chronic diarrhoea, 23 Nov., 1862, at Sharpsburg, Md. DANIELS, William A. 21. Medway, Mass. Wheelwright. May, 1861. Medway. Wounded in hip and in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; died in consequence, 10 Aug., 1862. DESPER, Charles M. 19. Medway, Mass. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Discharged for disability, 25 Feb., 1863. DUD Y, Thomas. 21. New Haven, Conn. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Deserted 6 July, 1861. DUNTON, Alonzo E. 21. Medway, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 30 Dec., 1862. Ser geant, 22 Feb., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. FALES, Albert F. 23. Medway, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Wounded in hand, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, not disabled ; wounded 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, not disabled ; wounded in arm, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. Discharged 8 April, 1863. FALES, John M. 26. Bellingham, Mass. Boot-treer. May, 1861. Medway. Detailed as butcher . . . 1861, to 20 April, 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. FISHER, Lewis L. 23. Bellingham, Mass. Farmer. 20 Aug., 1862. Bellingham. Discharged for disability, 9 Feb., 1863. FLINT, Henry E. 24. Dracut, Mass. Hostler. 9 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Detached to division ambulance corps, 16 Oct., 1862, to 28 July, 1863. Absent in hospital, 9 Oct., 1864, when mustered out. FORCE, Emmons. 24. Westboro , Mass. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Discharged for disability, 21 Nov., 1862. Foss, John F. 22. Louisville, Ky. Sewing-machine Agent. 11 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 20 Feb., 1863. Mus tered out 11 Oct., 1864. 356 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. FULLER, Charles F. 33. Medway, Mass. Bonnet-bloeker. May, 1861, Medway. Discharged for disability, 28 Jan., 1862. GATCHELL, Thomas D. 18. Northbridge, Mass. Boot maker. May, 1861. Milford. Enlisted company musi cian. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GORMAN, John. 19. Tyrone, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Sept., 1863. GRANT, Charles. 34. Douglas, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Discharged for disability, 30 May, 1861. GRANT, Frank S. 18. Wrentham, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Medway. Wounded in knee, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 14 Jan., 1864. GRANT, James M. 21. Woonsocket, R.I. Boot-fitter. May, 1861. Medway. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862 at Winchester ; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GREENWOOD, George E. 19. Franklin, Mass. Boot maker. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 9 April, 1863 ; sergeant, 30 Dec., 1863. Wounded in arm, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 18 Aug., 1863. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. GREENWOOD, Isaac C. 39. Franklin, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Detailed as hospital-wagoner, I July, 1861, to 4 June, 1862. Detached to division am bulance corps in 1862, to Jan., 1863; and 1 Feb., 1863, to 2o April, 1863 ; and again, 30 April, 1863. Wounded in arm and side, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GRUNDEL, Sebastian. 21. Baden-Baden, Germany. Shoe maker. May, 1861. Ware. Wounded in arm, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; not disabled. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HARRINGTON, Peter. 22. Roscommon, Ireland. Barber. II May, 1861. Medway. Wounded in elbow, 17 Sept., THE ENLISTED MEN. 357 1862, at Antietam ; discharged in consequence, 6 Dec., 1862. HARRINGTON, Thomas J. 28. Roscommon, Ireland. Boot maker. 3 Sept., 1862. Medway. Transferred to In valid Corps, 30 Sept., 1863. HATSTAT, William F. 18. Thorndike, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Ware. Discharged for disability, 20 April, 1863. HENRY, John. 23. Sligo, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Wounded in breast, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 17 Aug., 1863. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. HEWINS, Benjamin. 23. Sharon, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Sharon. Wagoner, 4 July, 1861. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HILL, Edwin W. 24. Medway, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 25 May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 29 Jan., 1862. HILL, Isaac. 24. Montpelier, Vt. Boxmaker. 28 July, 1862. Franklin. Wounded in hand, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; returned to duty, Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HIXON, Alonzo. 35. Medway, Mass. Bootmaker. May 1861. Medway. Detailed as company cook, July, 1861. Mustered out 28 March, 1864. HOG AN, Edward. 22. Tipperary, Ireland. Bootmaker, May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 23 March, 1864. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; re turned to duty, 10 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HOUGIITON, Albert C. 20. Newton, Mass. Boot-striker. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 9 April, 1863. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. HOUGHTON, Alvin W. 18. Swansey, N.H. Porter. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. 358 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. HOWARD, Warren V. 19. Ware, Mass. Painter. May, 1861. Ware. Corporal, 25 May, 1861, to 7 Feb., 1862 ; again, 30 Nov., 1862. Taken prisoner, May, 1862, near Strasburg, Va. ; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Deserted 2 Jan., 1863, while on furlough. HUNT, George W. 19. Sudbury, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medfield. Wounded 25 May, 1862, at Winches ter; returned to duty. Wounded in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; discharged in consequence, 23 Dec., 1862. HUNT, Thomas E. 25. Marlboro , Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medfield. Wounded in ankle, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, and taken prisoner ; paroled, and deserted. HUNTRESS, John. 21. Milford, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Milford. Discharged for disability, 26 June, 1862. Said to have re-enlisted in Seventh Massachusetts Battery. IDE, George H. 26. Medway, Mass. Clerk. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 7 Juiy, 1861, to 24 Feb., 1862. Killed in action, & Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. JEWETT, Richard H. L. 28. East Greenwich, R.I. Civil- engineer. 30 Aug., 1862. Boston. Corporal, 30 Dec., 1862. Discharged 5 March, 1863, to receive commission of second lieutenant in the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts ; commission of that date ; [first lieutenant, 22 May, 1863; captain, 19 July, 1863; mustered out 19 June, 1865.] JOHNSON, Francis. 44. Three Rivers, C.E. Shoemaker. 19 Aug., 1862. Lawrence. Wounded 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, . . . 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. JOHNSTON, John C. 22. Antrim, Ireland. Farmer. May, 1861. Ware. Wounded in groin, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, and taken prisoner ; died of wounds, date un known, at Richmond, Va., while a prisoner. KIMBALL, Charles C. 19. Keene, N.H. Clerk. 11 May, 1861. Medway. Sergeant, 25 May, 1861. Discharged, 24 Sept., 1862, to receive commission as second lieutenant THE ENLISTED MEN. 359 in the . . . Massachusetts ; but, upon being mustered out of service, refused to be mustered in again, remarking to the mustering-officer, " Men have to crawl through small holes sometimes." KINNEY, James. 22. Oxford, Mass. Factory-operative. May, 1861. Ware. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. LEARNED, Henry. 43. New Braintree, Mass. Farmer. 18 Aug., 1862. Brookline. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864 ; no record of muster-out. LEONARD, Lawrence. 28. Galway, Ireland. Boot-maker. May, 1861. Milford. Died from broken leg, April, 1862, at Winchester, Va. LIVINGSTON, Samuel J. M. 20. Tewksbury, Mass. Far mer. 11 Aug., 1862. Boston. Discharged for disability, 4 March, 1863. MACK, David F. 21. London, England. Tailor. May 1861. Medway. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 11 March, 1863. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 16 Dec., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MALONE, Bernard G. 21. Galway, Ireland. Cordwainer. May, 1861. Natick. Deserted 24 Sept., 1862, while on furlough. MANN, Albert W. 24. Wrentham, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Sergeant, 25 May, 1861 ; first sergeant, 13 July, 1861. Appointed sergeant-major, 10 May, 1862. See Non-commissioned Officers; also Com missioned Officers. MATHER, Samuel A. 33. Winsted, Conn. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Milford. Wounded in thigh, 9 Aug., 1862, at^ Cedar Mountain ; transferred to Invalid Corps 1 July, 1863. Mustered out, but re-enlisted 15 Aug., 1864. See Second Term. 360 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. MAWN, Peter. 26. Ireland. Bootmaker. 12 Aug., 1862. Medway. Wounded in leg, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors- ville; discharged in consequence, 21 Aug., 1863. MAY, Edward A. 18. Attleboro , Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Medway. Appointed marker, 1861. Discharged for disability, 6 Dec., 1862. MAY, James B. 38. Attleboro , Mass. Boot-treer. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 1 Aug., 1862. Wounded in groin 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 8 April, 1863. Me Co WAN, James. 19. Derry, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Discharged for disability, 30 Dec., 1861. McNANY, Richard. 26. Chicopee, Mass. Factory opera tive. May, 1861. Ware. Discharged, for disability, June, 1861. METCALF, George L. 17. Bellingham, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Bellingham. Corporal, 9 April, 1863. Wounded in knee, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 1 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. METCALF, George O. 31. Newport, N.H. Confectioner. May, 1861. Medfield. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville ; returned to duty, 16 Dec., 1863. Wounded in hand, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. METCALF, John C. 18. Bellingham, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Bellingham. Corporal, 30 Dec., 1862; sergeant, 31 Aug., 1863, to 30 Dec., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MIXTON, Thomas. 22. Roscornmon, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway (Roxbury?). Corporal, 6 Feb., 1862; color-corporal, 22 July, 1862; sergeant, 3 Nov., 1862. Deserted while on furlough granted 9 March, 1863. MORSE, Joseph H. 21. Medfield, Mass. Hostler. May, 1861. Medfield. Detailed as regimental wagoner, 1 July, 1861. Detached to division ammunition train, 14 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 March, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN. 361 MUNDON, Daniel. 26. Newport, R.I. Boot-crimper. May, 1861. Medway. Detailed as company cook, 23 June, 1861, to 1 July, 1862. Deserted 14 Sept., 1862. NEWCOMB, John H. 22. Enfield, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Eufield. Corporal, 25 May, 1861, to 30 May, 1862. Also, color-corporal. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug. 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 29 March, 1863. O BRIEN, Michael. 26. Clare, Ireland. Fireman. May, 1861. Ware. Wounded in leg (amputated) 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 10 Dec., 1862. O DONNKLL, Michael. 18. Kilkenny, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 3 Nov., 1862; ser geant, 30 Dec., 1862 ; first sergeant, 1 May, 1863. Wounded in leg (arm ?), 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 17 Sept., 1862 ; wounded in hip, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. ONION, Alfred. 18. Medway, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Medway. Sent ^to hospital at Frederick, Md., December, 1861; never returned; transferred to Invalid Corps, 23 Jan., 1864. OSGOOD, Joseph. 43. Lancaster, Mass. Farmer. 22 Aug., 1862. Bellingham. Died of chronic diarrhoea, 8 Feb, 1863, at Stafford C.H., Va. PANZLOFF, Julius. 25. Germany. Sailor. 25 Aug., 1862. Boston. Wounded in leg, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors- ville; discharged in consequence, 15 Aug., 1863. PARSONS, William R. 35. Lancashire, England. Boot- clicker. May, 1861. Medway. First sergeant, 25 May, 1861, to 13 July, 1861, when made sergeant; first sergeant again, 14 May, 1862. Wounded in hand, 17 Sept., 1862, at Autietam; discharged in consequence, 14 Jan., 1863. PURINGTON, Daniel. 44. Lynn, Mass. Machinist. 19 Aug., 1862. Boston. Detached to division ambulance 362 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. corps, 16 Oct., 1862, to 27 July, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. EEMICK, Alfred P. 30. Gardiner, Me. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Milford. Enlisted wagoner, 1 July, 1861. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. RICHARDSON, Erastus J. 19. Franklin, Mass. Boot maker. May, 1861. Franklin. Killed iu action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. RICHARDSON, Gardner H. 18. Westford, Mass. Tanner. 14 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; returned to duty, 8 Dec., 1862. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 7 March, 1864. Corporal, 1 July, 1864. Mustered out 14 Oct., 1864. ROLLINS, Thomas. 25. Lancashire, England. Boot maker. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 25 May, 1861 ; sergeant, 7 July, 1861, to 18 July, 1862. Deserted July, 1862. ROSER, Charles. 22. Pazel, Switzerland. Sailor. 25 Aug., 1862. Brookline. In every action during his term of service. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SCHLUSEMEYER, William. 19. Boston, Mass. Cabinet maker. May, 1861. Medway. Discharged as a minor, 6 July, 1861. SHERMAN, Hezekiah E. 29. Mansfield, Mass. Boot maker. May, 1861. Mansfield. Corporal, 3 Feb., 1862 ; color-corporal, 4 July, 1862 ; sergeant, 1 Aug., 1862 ; first sergeant, 14 Jan., 1863, to 1 May, 1863 ; sergeant again, 30 Dec., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SLA YEN, Michael. 26. Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SNOW, Charles. 18. Ware, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Ware. Wounded, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; discharged in consequence, 8 April, 1863. SPARROW, Herman S. 20. Medway, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. THE ENLISTED MEN. 363 STARBUCK, George. 24. Quincy, Mass. Sewing-machine operator. May, 1861. Quincy. Enlisted company-mu sician. Died of chronic diarrhoea, 3 March, 1863, at Washington, D.C. STONE, Joseph. 22. . . . Canada. Farmer. May, 1861. Ware. Wounded in shoulder, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 20 Feb., 1863. Died of lung fever, 22 May, 1863, at Aquia Landing, Va. SULLIVAN, Timothy. 19. Kerry, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Melford. Detailed as orderly at regimental headquarters, 19 Oct., 1862. Taken prisoner, July, 1863 ; returned to duty, 14 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SUMNER, Eugene. 19. Fall River, Mass. Cabinet-maker. May, 1861. Medfield. Dropped from the rolls in 1863. SWARMAN, John H. 25. Boston, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Medway. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; returned as far as Nash ville, Tenn., February, 1864, where he was detailed on special duty. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. TREEN, John S. 22. ... N.S. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. TREEN, Lewis A. 26. ... N.S. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 25 May, 1861, to 18 July, 1862. Deserted June, 1862, while on furlough. TURNER, William H. 22. Medway, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Discharged for disability, 7 Feb., 1863 ; died afterwards, in Milford, Mass. UFFENHEIMER, David. 19. Baden, Germany. Baker. 18 Aug., 1862. . . . Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. UNDERWOOD, Fisher E. 21. Medway, Mass. Bootmaker. 9 Aug., 1862. Medway. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. 364 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. VOSE, Jeremiah. 27. Uxbridge, Mass. Farmer. 21 Aug., 1862. Medway. Wounded in face, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. WEBBER, George C. 26. East Douglas, Mass. Boot maker. May, 1861. Medway. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WHEAT, Alfred C. 27. Hancock, N.H. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WHEAT, Henry. 29. . Billerica, Mass, Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 25 May, 1861; sergeant, 14 May, 1862. Discharged for disability, 11 Dec., 1862. WHITNEY, Charles. 26. Holliston, Mass. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Medway. Corporal, 25 May, 1861; ser geant, 17 July, 1863; color-sergeant, same date. Hit in breast-plate, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, and dis abled for some days. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WILEY, Albert H. 35. Bellingham, Mass. Auctioneer. 28 July, 1862. Medway. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WILLIAMS,, George H. 23. Wrentham, Mass. Machinist. May, 1861. Medway. Detailed as company musician, 28 April, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WILLIAMS, Henry. 44. Providence, R.I. Cook. 27 Aug., 1862. Boston. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WYNN, Daniel. 23. Sligo, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Milford. Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. WOOD, Richard. 45. London, England. Laborer. 18 Aug., 1862. . . . Wounded in wrist, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Feb., 1864. WORKMAN, William M. 18. Liverpool, England. Box- maker. May, 1861. Franklin. Discharged for dis ability, 30 May, 1862. THE ENLISTED MEN. 365 COMPANY F. ANDREWS, Prince A. 19. Essex, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Ipswich. Wounded in thigh, 3 May, 1863, at Cliancellorsville; returned to duty, March, 1864. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. ANNIS, Charles H. 22. Templeton, Mass. Shoemaker. 28 Aug., 1862. Lynn. Absent in hospital, 25 May, 1863, when discharged by order of War Department. ANNIS, Stillman L. 27. Fairhaven, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Detailed as company cook. Died of dysentery, 21 Nov., 1862, at Frederick, Md. BATES, Frederick. 24. Bellingham, Mass. Bootmaker. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BATES, Lewis H. 22. Boston, Mass. Shoemaker. 28 Aug., 1862. Lynn. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BESSOM, Charles. 18. Lynn, Mass. Printer. 17 Oct., 1861. Lynn. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester, and paroled ; returned to duty, 1 Nov., 1862. Discharged for disability, 1 April, 1863. BESSOM, Philip. 43. Marblehead, Mass. Shoemaker. 17 Oct., 1861. Lynn. Company musician, 7 Nov., 1861, to 6 April, 1862. Detailed as hospital attendant, 6 April, 1862. Discharged for disability, 2 March, 1863. BILLINGS, David E. 27. Concord, N.H. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Athol. Corporal, 24 Sept., 1862, to 1 July, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. BILLINGS, Jeremiah B. 21. Troy, N.H. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Athol. Discharged for disability; 18 Feb., 1862. BROOKS, Joel J. 23. Gardner, Mass. Chairmaker. May, 1861. Gardner. Corporal, . . May, 1861; sergeant, 24 Sept., 1862. Wounded in hand, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antie- tam; not disabled. Taken prisoner, 3 July, 1863, at 366 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Gettysburg. Absent prisoner, or paroled until mustered out. BROWN, Francis W. 26. Boston, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Hamilton. Detached to division ammunition train, May, 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BRYANT, Cyrus W. 28. Orange, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Philipston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. BURNHAM, Rufus. 33. Essex, Mass. Carpenter. May, 1861. Essex. Discharged for disability, 25 Feb., 1863. BURRILL, Blenard. 22. Saugus, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Detailed as company cook, 28 Oct., 1862, to 27 April, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BUSHNELL, Eugene C. 23. Norwich, Conn. Musician. May, 1861. Templeton. Company musician, . .May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 15 Aug., 1861. BUTLER, Alonzo. 21. Ipswich, Mass. Sailor. May, 1861. Ipswich. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at, Winchester ; returned to duty, 9 April, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CAREY, Thomas. 37. Ireland. Bootmaker. 24 July, 1862. Winchester. Died from exhaustion, 9 Aug., 1862, on the road from Culpepper to Cedar Mountain. CARR, Patrick H. 24. Ipswich, Mass. Factory operative. May, 1861. Ipswich. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. CHAMBERLAIN, Garland A. 24. Lynn, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Wounded 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. CHASE, George T. 24. Capetown, Cape of Good Hope. Farmer. May, 1861. Lynn. Sergeant, . . May, 1861 ; first sergeant, 18 Sept., 1862, to 31 Dec., 1863. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 1 July, 1863. Wounded in shoulder, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. THE ENLISTED MEN. 367 CHURCHILL, Eben S. Concord, Me. Painter. May, 1861. Norridgewock, Me. Wounded, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester, and taken prisoner ; paroled, and died in conse quence of wounds. CLARK, Charles H. 19. Lynn, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Topsfield. Wounded, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. CLARK, Humphrey S. 25. Topsfield, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Wenham. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CLARK, Thomas H. 26. Gloucester, Mass. Pedler. May, 1861. Gloucester. Corporal, . . May, 1861, to ... May, 1861. Detached as pioneer to First Division, 6 April, 1862, to . . June, 1862 ; pioneer, with the regiment, from 1 June, 1862, to 26 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CLUTTERBUCK, William L. 24. Manchester, England. Pail-turner. May, 1861. Athol. Discharged for dis ability (from accident), September, 1861. CONANT, Joseph C. 27. Hamilton, Mass. Seaman. May, 1861. Hamilton. Discharged for disability, 26 Feb., 1863. COOK, Martin V. B. 21. Wrentham, Mass. Bootmaker. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. COOPER, Robert. 18. Danvers, Mass. Clerk. May, 1861. Lowell. Dropped from the rolls in 1863. Said to be dis charged by order of War- Department. CROSBY, Pardon L. 18. Bellingham, Mass. Bootmaker. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. CURRANT, Thatcher M. 19. Boston, Mass. Needle-maker. May, 1861. Lynn. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. DAY, Albion W. 20. Templeton, Mass. Mechanic. May, 1861. Templeton. Corporal, 22 May, 1861. Wounded in hand and in back, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietain ; dis charged in consequence, 31 March, 1863. 368 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. DODGE, Otis F. Topsfield, Mass. Clerk. May, 1861. Topsfield. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 19 Dec., 1862. Discharged for disability, 16 June, 1863. DOUGLASS, John F. 24. Calais, Me. Brakeman. May, 1861. Hubbardston. Corporal, 8 July, 1861 ; sergeant, 24 Sept., 1862. Wounded in shoulder, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; returned to duty, 19 Feb., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. DOWNES, Thomas J. 21. Groveland, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Ipswich. Discharged for disability, 4 Oct., 1861. DURGIN, Daniel. 27. Cork, Ireland. Caulker. May, 1861. Essex. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; returned to duty, 25 Sept., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Sec ond Term. EATON, Charles S. 25. Lewiston, Me. Shoemaker. 3 Sept., 1862. Lynn. Detailed as company cook, 6 May, 1863, to 7 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. EMERSON, John D. 17. Royalston, Mass. Scholar. May, 1861. Athol. Detached on signal service, 1 Sept., 1861 ; discharged 13 Oct., 1863, to receive the commission of second lieutenant in the Signal Corps. ESTES, Charles B. 21. Salem, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. FIFIELD, Calvin S. 29. Lowell, Mass. Teamster. May, 1861. Boston. Enlisted wagoner, 1 July, 1861. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. FINLAYSON, Duncan F. 30 May, 1861. ... Drowned in Charles River, West Roxbury, Mass., 2 June, 1861. Fox, Columbus. 34. Pompey, N.Y. Painter. May, 1861. Athol. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. FOYE, John E. 24. Chester, N.H. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Corporal, May, 1861, to 11 April, 1862, when returned to the ranks at his own request ; and again, 17 April, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN. 369 FRENCH, Aurin B. 22. Manchester, N.H. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Athol. Discharged for disability (from acci dent), 31 Dec., 1861. FRENCH, Henry D. 19. Coventry, Vt. Cutler. May, 1861. Hopkinton. Wounded in breast, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 1 Aug., 1863. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. FROST, George K. 23. Sanford, Me. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Wareham. Detached to division ammunition train, May, 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GERSTLE, John, jr. 23. Boston, Mass. Bootmaker. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GERSTLE, Joseph. 19. Bellingham, Mass. Bootmaker. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GORTON, Samuel M. 44. Cambridge, Mass. Carpenter. 29 Aug., 1862. Cambridge. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. GOULD, Edward O. 20. Boxford, Mass. Shoemaker May, 1861. Topsfield. Wounded, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged in consequence, 25 July, 1862. GREENE, Charles G. 21. Colebrooke (N.H. ?). Shoemaker. May, 1861. Oakham. Detailed as regimental wagoner, 8 July, 1861. Died of fever, 30 Jan., 1862, at Frederick, Md. HALL, William H. 18. Danvers, Mass. Seaman. May, 1861. Ipswich. Enlisted in Third United-States Artil lery, 18 Feb., 1863; was appointed corporal there. HALLET, Charles O. 19. Boston, Mass May, 1861. Brookline. Company musician, 3 Dec., 1862, to 28 Feb., 1863; corporal, 1 July, 1863. Discharged, 19 March, 1864, to receive commission of second lieutenant in Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, commission dated 4 Feb., 1864 ; first lieutenant, 10 Feb., 1865 ; afterwards captain in the One Hundred and Second United-States Colored Troops. 24 370 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. HANCOCK, Charles P. 28. Bellingham, Mass. Bootmaker. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Died of dysentery, 22 Jan., 1863, at Frederick, Md. HARTT, John T. 25. On the ocean. Blacksmith. 14 Aug., 18G2. Lynn. Detailed as regimental blacksmith, 11 Jan.-, 1863, to 18 Jan. , 1863; company musician, 9 March, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. HASKELL, George W. 21. Bridgewater, Mass. Teamster. May, 1861. Lynn. Discharged for disability, 11 April, 1863; died soon after. HAYES, George E. 19. Gorham, Me. Painter. May, 1861. Cambridge. Discharged for disability, 9 Jan. 1863. HEALD, William H. 24. Boston, Mass. Tinsmith. May, 1861. Hubbardston. Died of typhoid pneumonia, 17 Dec., 1861, at Baltimore, Md. HEY WOOD, Theodore A. 19. Gardner, Mass. Chair- maker. May, 1861. Gardner. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HIGGINS, Henry H. 26. Chesterfield, N.H. Turner. May, 1861. Boylston. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, August, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HOWES, Edwin A. 26. Chatham, Mass. Ship-carpenter. May, 1861. Essex. Corporal, May, 1861, to 23 April, 1862 ; sergeant, 2 June, 1862. Appointed commissary- sergeant, 8 Dec., 1862. See Non-commissioned Staff. HUNT, Horace. 26. Salem, Mass. School-teacher. May, 1861. Athol. Detailed as commissary s clerk, 16 July, 1861 ; detached as brigade-commissary s clerk, 21 April, 1862. Died of consumption, in 1864, at Athol, Mass. HUNTING, Eli. 25. Hubbardston, Mass. Chairmaker. May, 1861. Hubbardston. Corporal, May, 1861, to 8 July, 1861, when detached as hospital attendant. Absent as hospital attendant, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. THE ENLISTED MEN. 371 JRPSON, Samuel L. 21. Berwick, Me. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Ipswich. Corporal, May, 1861, to 15 Feb., 1862 ; sergeant, 5 March, 1862. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862," at Antietam ; returned to duty, 10 March, 1863. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. . KENDALL, Webster A. 20. Gardner, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Gardner. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. KIEUNAN, Charles. 18. Malone, N.Y. Farmer. May, 1861. Wenham. Wounded in breast, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; died in consequence, 13 July, 1863, at Gettys burg. LAKE, Charles H. 22. Topsfield, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Topsfield. Discharged, to receive appointment of hospital steward, 15 Nov., 1863. LANG, Thomas. 19. Topsfield, Mass. Teamster. May, 1861. Gloucester. Detached to gunboat on the Missis sippi, 14 Feb., 1862. LARRABEE, Francis. 26. Lynn, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. LARRABEE, William H. 28. Lynn, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Detached as attendant in corps hospital, 20 May, 1863, to 14 Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. LAWRENCE, Jairus. 19. Bellingham, Mass. Bootmaker. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Discharged for disability, 15 Jan., 1863. LEWIS, Warren E. 24. Saugus, Mass. Shoemaker. 16 Oct., 1861. Lynn. Wounded in ankle, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; discharged in consequence, 1 Oct., 1863. LINSCOTT, John F. 29. Alfred, Me. Blacksmith. May, 1861. Biddeford, Me. Blacksmith. 15 July, 1861. Detached to division ammunition train, . . . 1862. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. LOVEJOY, William S. (L ?). 29. South Danvers, Mass. Carpenter. May, 1861. ... Corporal, May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 6 July, 1861. 372 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. MACINTIRE, George G. 18. North Heading, Mass. Shoe maker. May, 1861. North Reading. Discharged for disability, 25 Sept., 1861. MADDEN, Harry O. 19. Quincy, 111. Farmer. May, 1861. Watertown. Corporal, 30 Dec., 1862. Dis charged for disability, 22 April, 1863. MARSH, Edward, jr. 25. Marblehead, Mass. Seaman. May, 1861. Swampscott. Corporal, May, 1861, to 1 July, 1863. Color corporal, 4 July, 1862, to 1 July, 1863. Wounded in shoulder, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MARSHALL, Joseph T. 31. New York City. Seaman. 22 May, 1861. New i r ork. Deserted 20 June, 1861. MARTIN, James. 32. Portland, Me. Shoemaker. 14 Sept., 1862. Lynn. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chan- cellorsville ; returned to duty, 16 May, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MARTIN, Solomon. 35. Portland, Me. Silk-printer. May, 1861. Lynn. First sergeant, May, 1861. Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. MAYALL, John C. 19. Emngham, N.H. Spinner. May, 1861. Ipswich. Discharged, alleging that he had not been sworn in, 4 Aug., 1861. McDAViTT, Philip. 19. Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MCDOWELL, Thomas. 20. Bellingham, Mass. Farmer. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. McLAY, John. 19. Sydney, N.S. Mason. May, 1861. East Boston. Enlisted in United-States Artillery, 15 Feb., 1863. MERRITT, John R. 19. Marblehead, Mass. Shoemaker. 23 Oct., 1861. Swampscott. Company musician, 28 Feb., 1863. Mustered out 17 Oct., 1864. MOORE, Ephraim W. 20. Orleans, Mass. Chairmaker. THE ENLISTED MEN. 373 May, 1861. . . . Wounded 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; was left in Culpepper, upon the evacuation, 18 Aug., 1862, and died there. MORRISSEY, John. 18. Bangor, Me. Servant. May, 1861. South Boston. Wounded in head, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 4 Nov., 1862. Killed in action, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. MULHOLLAND, James. 19. St. Johns, N.B. Confectioner. May, 1861. St. Johns, N.B. Taken prisoner (in hospi tal), 20 Aug., 1862, at Little Washington, Va. ; returned to duty 19 Dec., 1862. Mustered out 28 July, 1864. NESBITT, Alonzo H. 19. Swampscott, Mass. Fisherman. May, 1861. Swampscott. Enlisted in United-States Artillery, 15 Feb., 1863. NEWHALL, Horace O. 19. Saugus, Mass. Clerk. May, 1861. Lynn. Sergeant, May, 1861, to June, 1861.- Company musician, June, 1861, to . . . 1861. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. NORWOOD, Alonzo. 26. Lynnfield, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Corporal, 18 March, 1862. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. Re-en listed in Veteran Reserve Corps. OSBORN, John. 19. Hopkinton, Mass. Law-student. May, 1861. Hopkinton. Wounded in ankle and in ... 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged in consequence, 31 Dec., 1862. PARKER, Alfred R. 20. Hubbardston, Mass. Hostler. May, 1861. . . . -Corporal, 28 Dec., 1863. Re-en listed. See Second Term. PARKER, Stephen S. 19. Hubbardston, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Hubbardston. Corporal, 8 July, 1861 ; sergeant, 30 Dec., 1862. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Absent in hospital 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. PARKER, Thomas S. 23. Boston, Mass. Clerk. May, 1861. South Gardner. Taken prisoner, 3 July, 1863, at 374 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Gettysburg; returned to duty, Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PHELPS, Leander W. .30. Walpole, N.H. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Athol. Discharged for disability, 30 May, 1863. PHILLIPS, Erwin T. 23. Boxford, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Topsfield. Wounded, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; returned to duty, April, 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PICKERING, Asa. 21. Bellingham, Mass. Teamster. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. PIERCE, Ivory W. M. 23. Sanford, Me. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Lynn. Corporal , 9 April, 1863. Wounded (sabre-cut), 24 May, 1862, near Kernstown, Va. ; re turned to duty, . . . 1862. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; returned to duty, 11 Oct., 1862. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. PIXNEY, James. 19. Nottingham, Eng. Cabinet-maker. May, 1861. South Dedham. Wounded 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mus tered out. POWERS, Lorenzo J. 18. Gardner, Mass. -Carpenter. May, 1861. South Gardner. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, and paroled; returned to duty, 19 Dei.-., 1862. Wounded in ankle (amputation), 9 June, 1863, at Beverly Ford; discharged in consequence, 22 Jan., 1864. RATE, Alexander H. 32. Glasgow, Scotland. Engine- driver. May, 1861. Manchester, N.H. Company musi cian, May, 1861, to Aug., 1861. Sergeant, 24 Aug., 1861. Deserted 28 Aug., 1861; brought back 29 Oct., 1861. Deserted again, November, 1861. RICHARDS, Charles F. 36. West Roxbury, Mass. Black smith. May, 1861. Roxbury. Detached as blacksmith to division ambulance corps, 21 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN. 375 RICHARDSON, Delavan. 21. Athol, Mass. Machinist. May, 1861. Athol. Corporal, 24 Oct., 1862. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 16 May, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. SHAUGHNESSY, Michael. 20. St. Andrews, N.B. Car penter. May, 1861. South Boston. Wounded 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, taken prisoner, and paroled ; never returned; dropped as deserter, July, 1863. SLOCUM, Hazard P. 40. Tolland, Mass. Teamster. 24 July, 1862. Bellingham. Died of dysentery, 19 March, 1863, at Frederick, Md. SMITH, George E. 18. Portland, Me. Teamster. May, 1861. Cape Elizabeth, Me. Enlisted in United-States Artillery, 15 Feb., 1863. SMITH, Hubbard V. 18. Shutesbury, Mass. Painter. May, 1861. Athol. Wounded in side, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, taken prisoner, and paroled. Discharged in consequence of wounds, 29 Dec., 1862. SMITH, William H. 21. Dorchester, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. East Cambridge. Detached to Third Ujiited- States Artillery, 14 Feb., 1863; transferred 16 Feb., 1863. STATEN, William H. 19. Gloucester, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Ipswich. Corporal, 11 April, 1862. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. STEELE, Charles H. 18. Holden, Ma*s. Bar-tender. May, 1861. Holden. Discharged for disability, 25 Sept., 1861. STONE, Addison D. 18. Swampscott, Mass. Fisherman. May, 1861. Swampscott. Dropped from the rolls, 24 March, 1864; transferred to regular battery. , TODD, Thomas M. 22. Rowley, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861 . Ipswich. Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, February, 1862. TOWNS END, Edward L. 23. Athol, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Athol. Enlisted in Third United-Slates Artillery, 15 Feb., 1863. 376 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. TYLER, Colraan J. 18. Canaan, N.H. Watchmaker. May, 1861. Ipswich. Company musician, . . . 1861, to . . . 1862. Detailed as attendant in hospital, 3 March, 1863, to 20 March, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. VOSE, Edwin O. 18. Royalston, Mass. Factory opera tive. May, 1861. Royalston. Wounded, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; died in consequence, 25 June, 1862, at Winchester. WHIPPLE, Alfred P. 23. Richmond, N.H. Farmer. May, 1861. Gardner. Appointed marker, 2 Oct., 1862, to . . . 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. WHITNEY, Jared P. 20. Fitzwilliam, N.H. Teamster. May, 1861. Templeton. Deserted 15 Sept., 1862. WHITTAKER, Edward F. 33. Rochester, Vt. Chairmaker. May, 1861. Gardner. Sergeant, May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 18 March, 1862. WILKINS, Moses D. 35. Wareham, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Wenham. Injured during skirmish, 1 April, 1862, between Strasburg and Edenburg, Va. ; discharged in consequence, 5 June, 1862. WILLIAMS, James M. 20. Lynn, Mass. Clerk. May, 1861. Lynn. Sergeant, May, 1862. Wounded, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; died in consequence, 27 May, 1862, at Winchester. COMPANY G. ALLEN, James. 25. Newry, Ireland. Tailor. May, 1861. New York. Detached to Fourth United-States Artillery, 8 April, 1862. Wounded, 24 May, 1862, near Stras burg, Va., taken prisoner, and paroled. Discharged in consequence of wounds, 19 Dec., 1862. ALLEY, Benjamin L. 34. Lynn, Mass. Crier. May, 1861. Lynn. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win- THE ENLISTED MEN. 377 Chester; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Detached to division ambulance corps, 29 Oct., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. ANDREAVS, William. 23. N . . . N.Y. Morocco-dresser. May, 1861. South Danvers. Sergeant, May, 1861, to 20 July, 1861 ; and again, 9 June, 1862. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. BALDWIN, John D. S. 18. Nashua, N.H. Scholar. May, 1861. Lowell. Company musician, May, 1861, to 13 Sept., 1861, when detached as adjutant s orderly; again company musician, 26 Oct., 1862. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. BARRY, Thomas. 24. Fermoy, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Marblehead. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 25 June, 1863. BASSETT, Addison. 23 May, 1861. Indian Orchard. Deserted June, 1861. BEDELL, Francis B. 19. Brooklyn, N.Y. Bookkeeper. 24 July, 1862. Boston. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. BILLINGS, James D. 35. Canton, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Quincy. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester; discharged for disability, 4 Feb., 1863. BLANCHARD, William J. 18. Mexico, Me. Farmer. May, 1861. Hanover, Me. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; exchanged, November, 1862, but never returned to duty. Dropped from the rolls, 17 Oct., 1862 (State rolls say "disability"). BOHONAN, Carlos E. 35. Washington, Vt. Hack- driver. 10 Oct., 1862. Boston. Corporal, 1 Oct., 1863. Wounded in hand, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BOSTON, Edward. 22. Fairfield, Me. Carpenter. May, 1861. South Boston. Detailed as company cook, 6 Aug., 1861. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. 378 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Bos WORTH, Orin W. 25. Plymouth, Mass. Mason. 14 Aug., 1862. Plymouth. Wounded, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 31 Oct., 1863. BROOKINGS, Samuel H. 18. Boston, Mass. Painter. 25 July, 1862. Winchester. Discharged for disability, 31 Oct., 1862. BURNHAM, George H. 18. West Cambridge, Mass. Butcher. May, 1861. Winchester. Detached, in 1862, as hos pital steward in Baltimore. Absent 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. BURNHAM, Mellen P. 21. Gilead, Me. Machinist. 21 July, 1862. Winchester. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 July, 1864. BURNS, Andrew J. 23. Boston, Mass. Sailor May, 1861. Boston. An " old man-of-war s man." Sergeant, May, 1861, to 6 Feb., 1862. Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, 18 Feb., 1862, and deserted while on the way thkher. CALLANAN, John. 24. Cork, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Weymouth. Wounded in . . . 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. Taken prisoner, 3 May, 1863, at Chan cellorsville ; returned to duty, 10 Oct., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CAREY, Ephraim. 26. Brookfield, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. West Brookfield. Discharged for disability, June, 1861. CARLL, Alonzo W. 19. Waterboro , Me. Scholar. May, 1861. Lowell. Company musician, May, 1861 ; ap pointed principal musician, 1 July, 1863. See Non-com missioned Staff. CARROLL, Thomas S. 18. Macclesfield, England. Ma chinist. May, 1861. Chicopee. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester. Dropped from the rolls, 17 Oct., 1862 (State rolls say "disability"). THE ENLISTED MEN. 379 CLARK, James H. 19. Easthampton, Mass. Blacksmith. May, 1861. Easthampton. Died of typhoid fever, 14 Aug., 1863, at Fairfax Seminary, Va. COGGINS, John. 20. Riverstown, Ireland. Morocco-dresser. May, 1861. Lowell. Taken prisoner, 24 March, 1862, at Kernstown, Va. ; discharged, while paroled prisoner, May, 1862. COLES, George. 21. Manchester, England. Carpenter. 2 July, 1862. Boston. Wounded in shoulder, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; discharged in consequence, 28 March, 1863. COMEY, Henry M. 21. Hopkinton, Mass. . . . May, 1861. .Hopkinton. Corporal, 2 June, 1862; sergeant, 1 Nov., 1862 ; promoted to be second lieutenant, 1 Nov., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. CONNOR, Eugene. 19. Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Lowell. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 21 Nov., 1863. COOLEY, Marius S. 23. Springfield, Mass. Brakeman. 14 Aug., 1862. Brookline. Wounded in shoulder, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; transferred to Invalid Corps. COOK, Solomon. 21. Canada. Blacksmith. 17 Feb., 1862. Springfield. Detailed as regimental wagoner, February, 1862. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; never returned, and dropped from the rolls, 17 Oct., 1862. COWLES, William A. 27. Southbridge, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. Warren. Discharged for disability (from accident), July, 1862. CRONIN, John. 25. Cork, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Quincy. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged for disability, 17 Oct., 1862. CROUCH, George H. 20. Warren, Mass. Butcher. May, 1861. Warren. Discharged for disability, 19 Nov., 1862. DANE, Hiram. 21. Westford, Mass. Painter. May, 1861. Westford. Discharged for disability, 23 June, 1862. 380 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. DANE, William. 18. Westford, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Westford. Killed in action, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester. DELAY, Thomas A. 20. Boston, Mass. Teamster. May, 1861. Boston. Wounded 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, taken prisoner, and paroled; returned to duty, 19 Dec., 1862. Wounded, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Sept., 1863. DILLINGHAM, Charles. 27. Brewster, Mass. Clerk. 15 Feb., 1862. Chelsea. Wounded, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; died in consequence, 9 Sept., 1862, at Alexandria. DILLON, Philip F. 20. Boston, Mass. Jeweller. May, 1861. Providence, R.L Wounded in side, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 19 Jan., 1863. Wounded in side, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville 4 dis charged in consequence, 13 Oct., 1863. Dix, Charles E. 20. Germany. Weaver. May, 1861. South Hadley Falls. Corporal, May, 1861. Wounded in thigh, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; discharged in jconse- quence, 21 May, 1863. DOBBINS, George R. 19. Lowell, Mass. ... 9 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 17 Feb., 1863. DOBBINS, Richard. 18. Lowell, Mass. Boiler-maker. May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 17 Oct., 1862. DRAPER, William D. 20. Wayland, Mass. Machinist. May, 1861. Wayland. Corporal, 1 Jan., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Wounded in knee, 3 May, 1863, at Chan- cellorsville ; discharged in consequence, 3 Nov., 1863. DRISCOLL, Michael. 18 18 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Enlisted in United-States Artillery. EAGAN, Daniel. 18. Somerville, Mass. Glass-blower. 30 June, 1862. Boston. Discharged for disability, 15 Oct., 1862. THE ENLISTED MEN. 381 EATON, Hiram A. 21. Ludlow, Mass. Hatter. May, 1861. Southampton. Corporal, May, 1861, to 1 July, 1862. Died of typhoid fever, July, 1862, at Frederick, Md. FARRELL, Edward. 29. Lowell, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Marblehead. Corporal, 18 May, 1862; sergeant, 1 Jan., 1863, to 1 Oct., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. FISHER, Charles G. 20. Roxbury, Mass. Clerk. May, 1861. Boston. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. FITCH, Albert. 18. Woburn, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Burlington. Corporal, 1 Nov., 1861. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. FOLEY, William. 22. Cork, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Braintree. Wounded in hand, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged for disability, 26 July, 1863. FRENCH, Henry P. 21. Andover, Mass. Watchmaker. 16 June, 1862. Andover. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. FULLER, Harrison A. 19. Northampton, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Indian Orchard. Dropped from the rolls, 17 Oct., 1862. Enlisted in regular cavalry. FURBER, Joseph. 35. Westmoreland, N.H. (?) Hack-driver. 21 Oct., 1862. Boston. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. GILLEEN, John. 36. ... N.Y. Laborer. 23 June, 1862. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 24 Oct., 1862. GLENN, Alexander B. 25. Richmond, Va. Pattern-finisher. 21 June, 1862. Boston. Wounded 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Nov., 1863. GOODBIER, Robert. 20. Saxony, Germany. Farmer. May, 1861. South Hadley Falls. Wounded in hand, 25 May, 382 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. 1862, at Winchester, taken prisoner, and paroled. Dis charged 17 Oct., 1863. GOODHIND, Richard. 18. Devonshire, Eng. Paper-maker. May, 1861. Russell. Corporal, 1 April, 1864. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 19 Dec., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GOVE, Ira L. 44. Montpelier, Vt. Cabinet-maker. May, J861. Winchester. Wagoner, 1 July, 1861. Discharged for disability, 19 Feb., 1862. GOVE, Sorell. 32. Moutpelier, Vt. Laborer. 23 July, 1862. Winchester. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Sept., 1862. GREEN, Joseph D. 20. Petersham, Mass. Barber. 15 May, 1861. Ware. Transferred, 1 Jan., 1862, to Com pany H, which see. GREEN, Martin. 39. Roxbury, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Melrose. Wounded in thigh and in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; was left at Culpepper, 17 Aug., 1862, in the evacuation of that place, and undoubtedly died. HATCH, Francis A. 24. Winchester, Mass. Machinist. 23 July, 1862. Winchester. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. HAZELTON, Charles H. 24. Boston, Mass. Mason. May, 1861. Winchester. Corporal, Nov., 1861, to 30 Dec., 1862. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Moun tain ; returned to duty, . . . 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HOWARD, Henry 0. 18. ... Mass. Mariner. 26 June, 1862. Springfield. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. HOXSEY, Henry C. 26. Williamstown, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Williamstown. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. HUBBARD, John. 28. Ireland. Laborer. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Dropped from the rolls, 26 July, 1863 (rolls at THE ENLISTED MEN. 383 State House say " monthly report says discharged for dis ability, 19 July, 1862. Killed at Cedar Mountain.") HURNEY, Martin. 21. Clough, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in hand, 25 May, 1862; dis charged in consequence, 5 Feb., 1863. JOHNSON, John W. 22. Barre, Vt. Grocer. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Term prolonged. Discharged, 11 Jan., 1865, by order of War Department. JONES, Edward. 34. Manchester, England. Cabinet maker. May, 1861. Burlington. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Died of typhoid pneumonia, 13 Nov., 1862, near Sharps- burg, Md. KELLEY, Frederick. 21 Printer. May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, 19 Oct., 1861. KEMP, Ezekiel. 22. Hopkinton, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Hopkinton. Corporal, 30 Dec., 1862 ; sergeant, 1 Oct., 1863. Wounded in wrist, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg ; returned to duty, 1 Sept., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. KING, Warren H. 19. Monson, Mass. ... 13 March, 1862. Springfield. Dropped from the rolls, 17 Oct., 1862. KIRBY, Edward. 21. Nova Scotia. Farmer. May, 1861. Cambridge. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winches ter; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Absent in hospital, 27 Sept., 1864, when mustered out. KITTREDGE, Malcolm G. 26. Nelson, N.H. Painter. May, 1861. Brookline. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville. LAFLIN, AVilliam W. 35. Charlestown, Mass. Track- master. May, 1861. Warren. Detailed as company cook, 6 Aug., 1861, to 22 Jan., 1862. Discharged for dis ability, 7 July, 1862. LAMB, John. 25. Roscommon, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. . . . Discharged for disability, 11 Jan., 1863. 384 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTEY. LAMB, Thomas. 28. Roscommon, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Lonsdale (R.I. ?) Taken prisoner at Winchester? 25 May, 1862 ; returned to duty, Oct., 1862. Discharged for disability, 29 July, 1863. LAWRENCE, George C. 42. Boston, Mass. Hair-dresser, 24 July, 1862. Winchester. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; transferred to Invalid Corps, . . . 1863. LAAVTON, John. 43. Limerick, Ireland. Carpenter. 12 Aug., 1862. Brodkline. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. LEAHY, Daniel. 24. Coscomley, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Boston. Deserted, Aug., 1863. LECKIE, Charles D. 18. Boston, Mass. Clerk. 28 July, 1862. Brookline. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Sept., 1863. LEE, Patrick. 30. Connaught, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Marblehead. Deserted 18 Feb., 1863, while hav ing a pass to visit Washington. LINFEST, James H. 34. ... Me. Ship-carpenter. 18 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 1 July, 1862. LINFIELD, Jonathan. 21. Stoughton, Mass. Machinist. May, 1861. Canton. Wounded, 9 Aug., 1862, at Ce dar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 1 July, 1863. LYNCH, James R. 25. Halifax, N.S. Stone-cutter. May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, May, 1861 ; sergeant, 1 Nov., 1861. Died of typhoid fever, 29 May, 1862, at Williams- port, Md. MADDEN, Amos L. 18. Milford, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Milford. Corporal, 3 July, 1863, "for gallantry in action ; " and color-corporal same day. Wounded in neck, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 10 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MALLARD, Levi W. 31. Tuftonborough, N.H. Cord- wainer. May, 1861. Lynn. Corporal, July, 1861; THE ENLISTED MEN. 385 color-corporal, 4 July, 1862; sergeant, 1 Nov., 1862, to 30 Dec., 1862, when returned to the ranks at his own request, on account of ill-health. Discharged for disability, 30 March, 1863. MANNION, John. 27. Queenstown, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Wareham. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Wounded, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville ; returned to duty, 28 July, 1863. Discharged for disability, 30 Sept., 1863. MARSH, Allen A. 20. Coleraine, Mass. Tailor. May, 1861. South Adams. Wounded in shoulder (by shell), 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, taken prisoner, and paroled ; dropped from the rolls, 17 Oct., 1862. MAYNARD, Charles E. 32. Ashburnham, Mass. Brake- man. 14 Aug., 1862. Brookline. Discharged for dis ability, 18 Feb., 1863. MCCARTHY, John. 19. Lee, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Lee. Detailed as regimental wagoner, 20 Oct., 1861. Enlisted in Fourth United-States Artillery, 27 Oct., 1862. McCROHAN, Daniel. 22. Tralee, Ireland. Servant. May, 1861. Holyoke. Wounded, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. Enlisted in United-States Cavalry, 29 Dec., 1862. McDERMOTT, John. 19. Halifax, N.S. Painter. May, 1861. South Boston. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MCDONALD, Charles A. 26. Chatham, N.B. Currier,, May, 1861. North Woburn. Corporal, May, 1861; sergeant, 5 Jan., 1862 ; first sergeant, 1 Nov., 1862, to 19 April, 1863, when made second sergeant; first sergeant again, 17 July, 1863, to 1 Oct., 1863. Mustered out 28, May, 1864. MEYER, Henry G. 43. Bokenhein, Germany. Barber.. 5 Aug., 1862. Boston. A corporal in European ser vice. Wounded in abdomen, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; not disabled. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. 25 386 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Mo OAR, Charles A. 23. Ipswich, Mass. Student. 13 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Corporal, 1 Oct., 1803. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. MORIARTY, Dennis. 38. Kilkenny, Ireland. Stone-cutter. May, 1861. Quincy. Died of typhoid fever, 3 April, 1862, at Quincy, Mass., while on furlough. MORSE, Eleazar. 40. Rutland, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. West Medway. Discharged for disability, 5 March, 1864. NELSOX, John F. 24. Lowell, Mass. Carpenter. May, 1861. Lynn. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Wounded, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 1 July, 1863 ; wounded in hand, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Ab sent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. NICHOLS, Alpheus 0. 29. Burlington, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Burlington. Detailed as regimental wag oner, 20 Aug., 1861 ; detached to division ambulance corps, 16 Oct., 1862. Discharged for disability, 16 Jan., 1863. NOBLE, Robert R. 20. Williamstown, .Mass. Student. May, 1861. Williamstown. Sergeant, May, 1861. Dis charged for disability, 18 Aug., 1861. O CoNNELL, Andrew. 33. Kenmare, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Quincy. Dropped from the rolls, 26 July, 1863 (" discharged by order." Adj. Gen.). O CoNNELL, Maurice. 28. Kenmare, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Quincy. Dropped from the rolls, 26 July, 1863 ("discharged by order." Adj. Gen.). OTTO, Frank. 24. Saxony. Weaver. May, 1861. South Hadley. Corporal, 1 Nov., 1861, to 1 Jan., 1864; trans ferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, 1 Jan., 1864. PAGE, Theophilus F. 18. Woburn, Mass. Currier. May, 1861. North Woburn. Corporal, May, 1861 ; sergeant, 18 May, 1862. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 26 Jan., 1863. Became second lieutenant in the Twenty-eighth Massa chusetts. THE ENLISTED MEN. 387 PALMER, Azro. 22. Dickinson, N.Y. Carpenter. May, 1861. Dickinson, N.Y. Discharged for disability, 17 Oct., 1862. PARKER, Alvah J. 23. Peterboro , N.H. Machinist. May, 1861. Peterboro , N.H. "Wounded in arm (ampu tated), 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; discharged in consequence, 11 Sept., 1862. PARKER, Charles A Oct., 1861. Lowell. Absent in hospital, 15 Oct., 1864, when mustered out. PATIO, Timothy. 28. Billerica, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Burlington. Wounded in breast, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. PECK, Chauncy. 20. Hawley, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Warren. Killed in action, 24 May, 1862, near Kerns- town, Va. PECK, Philo H. 18. Hawley, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. Warren. Hospital attendant, 1861, to 13 April, 1862. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. PENTLAND, William J. 26. Boston, Mass. Painter. May, 1861. South Boston. Detached as post mail agent, 20 March, 1863, to May, 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 24 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. POWERS, Albert W. 20. Warren, Mass. Salesman. 15 May, 1861. Warren. Corporal, May, 1861; sergeant, May, 1861. Transferred, 20 Dec., 1861, to Company H., which see. PURCELL, James. 27. Dublin, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Natick. Corporal, 12 Feb., 1862; color-corporal, 15 Jan., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville, while color-corporal. REMICK, Prescott. 21. Gardiner, Me. Bootmaker. 20 March, 1862. Boston. Wounded in breast, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; died in consequence, 2 Oct., 1862, at Frederick, Md. 388 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. RICHARDSON, Jesse. 22. Winchester, Mass. Clerk. 8 July, 1862. Winchester. Corporal, 29 Nov., 1862; first sergeant, 1 Oct., 1863. Wounded in head, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 1 Sept., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. RICHARDSON, Moses P. 25. Woburn, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Winchester. Corporal, 9 Jan., 1862; ser- geaut, 12 Feb., 1862; first sergeant, 19 April, 1863. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; re turned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Wounded in arm and side, 17 Sept., 1862; returned to duty, July, 1863. Ap pointed sergeant-major, 17 July, 1863. See Non-com missioned Staff. ROOT, Warner A. 19. Vernon, Vt. Clerk. 11 May, 1861. South Hadley Falls. Appointed company clerk, 18 Jan., 1862 ; detailed as acting hospital steward, 17 Nov., 1862; appointed hospital steward, 16 Feb., 1863. See Non-commissioned Staff". SAWYER, Jonas H. 26. Sidney, Me. Hack-driver. 10 Oct., 1862. Boston. Wounded in leg (broken), 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville, and taken prisoner; never re turned to regiment. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SCANNELL, James. 26. Croome, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Quincy. Wounded in foot, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester, taken prisoner and paroled. Discharged in con sequence of wound, 22 April, 1863. SHARON, Joseph D. 29. Boston, Mass. Wheelwright. 23 July, 1862. Winchester. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SMITH, George A. 18. Springfield, Mass. Laborer. 17 Feb., 1862. Springfield. Wounded in shoulder, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; died in consequence, 29 Oct., 1862, at Washington, D.C. SOUTHACK, George P. 21. Boston, Mass. Soldier. May, 1861. Boston. A soldier in United-States army in Utah. First sergeant, May, 1861, to 9 May, 1862. THE ENLISTED MEN. 389 t Wounded in arm, 9 Aug., 1862. at Cedar Mountain; transferred to Invalid Corps. SPENCER, Lorenzo D. 32. Tyringham, Mass. Paper- maker. May, 1861. Russell. Corporal, May, 1861, to 1 July, 1862 ; detached as clerk to division ordnance department, 9 Aug., 1861. Discharged for disability, 20 Oct., 1862. SPRAGUE, George W. 18. Deerfield, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. North Adams. Deserted 19 Aug., 1862. STEVENS, Alfred. 21. Charlestown, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Warren. Died of typhoid fever, 8 April, 1862, at Frederick, Md. STONE, Roswell L. 21. Warren, Mass. Laborer. May, 1861. Warren. Wounded in groin, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; discharged in consequence, 9 March, 1863. TEBBETS, Charles W. (M.?). 31. Bath, Me. Engineer. 21 Oct., 1862. Boston. Discharged for disability, 4 March, 1863. TENNEY, Michael. 27 Sailor. May, 1861. Marblehead. Corporal, 1 Nov., 1861 ; sergeant, 30 Dec., 1862. Wounded in leg, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 17 Dec., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. THOMAS, Charles W. 21. Boston, Mass. Salesman. 26 July, 1862. Boston. Corporal, 30 Dec., 1862; sergeant,! Jan., 1863 ; promoted to be second lieutenant. See Com missioned Officers. THOMPSON, Alfred J. 24. Coleraine, Ireland. Laborer 2 July, 1861. Boston. Mustered out, 28 May, 1864. TIFFANY, Owen. 20. Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Warren. Wounded in side and arm, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; discharged in consequence, 13 April, 1863. TOAL, John. 35. Dundalk, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Quincy. Wounded 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, and taken prisoner; returned to duty, 19 Dec., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. 390 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. WALCOTT, George K. 18. Brighton, Mass. Painter. May, 1861 Discharged for disability, June, 18*61. WATSON, Gerando ,J. 21. Winchester, Mass. Farmer. 21 July, 1862. Winchester. Previously in the Twenty- second Massachusetts. Discharged for disability, 30 Nov., 1862. WELCH, William. 38. Cork, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. South Braintree. Detailed as company cook, 23 Jan., 1862. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winches^ ter ; returned to duty, October, 1862. Discharged for dis ability, 31 Jan., 1863. WHEATON, Daniel H. 21. Machias, Me. Sailor. May, 1861. Machias, Me. Detached to gunboat on the Mis sissippi, 18 Feb., 1862. Dropped from the rolls, 26 July, 1863. WHIDDEN, Charles L. 21. Atkinson. Me. Carriage- builder. May, 1861. Atkinson, Me. Corporal, May, 1861, to 29 Nov., 1862, when returned to ranks during prolonged absence. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 19 Dec., 1862. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. Absent in hos pital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. WRITTEN, George. 18. Newburyport, Mass. Morocco- dresser. May, 1861. Chelsea. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WILLISTON, Roland S. 26. Holyoke, Mass. Barber. May, 1861. Holyoke. Corporal, May, 1861; sergeant, July, 1861 ; first sergeant, 18 May, 1862. Wounded in hand and in thigh (leg amputated), 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; died in consequence, 18 Aug., 1862, at Culpep- per, Va. WILSON, Gordon S. 20. Salisbury, N.H. Clerk. May, 1861. Plymouth, N.H. Corporal, 1 Jan., 1863. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. YOUNG, Albert A. 20. Jay, Me. Teamster. May, 1861. Manchester, N.H. Deserted 1 Sept., 1861. THE ENLISTED MEN. 391 YOUNG, John E. 25. Belfast, Me. Machinist. May, 1861. North Andover. Corporal, May, 1861, to . . . 1861. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. COMPANY H. ACKERT, Lord M. 31. New- York City. Machinist. 30 Aug., 1862. Peru. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. ANGELL, Charles. 20. Webster, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Dudley. Corporal, September, 1861, to 20 Dec., 1861 ; and again, 1 May, 1862. Sergeant, 1 March, 1863. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietani; returned to duty, 10 March, 1863. Wounded in hip, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; not disabled. Wounded in hip, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; not disabled. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BABCOCK, Alonzo J. 26. Norwich, Vt. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Transferred to Company H, from Company A, 21 Dec., 1861. Corporal, 21 Dec., 1861 ; sergeant, 21 Nov., 1862; first sergeant, 14 March, 1863. Wounded in arm (amputated above the elbow), 3 July, 1863, and died in consequence, 10 July, 1863, at Gettys burg. BALL, George. 30. Lancashire, England. Shoemaker. 23 May, 1861. Roxbury. Sergeant, May, 1861, to Sep tember, 1861; corporal, 29 Dec., 1861, to 1 Jan., 1862. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, October, 1862. Company cook, 16 Feb., 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BARRELL, Paschal. 25. Turner, Me. Farmer. 8 Aug., 1862. Brookline. Wounded in groin, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; died in consequence, 12 May, 1863, at Aquia Lauding, Va. 392 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. BELL, James P. 35. Searsport, Me. Shoemaker. 23 May, 1861. North Bridgewatcr. Corporal, May, 1861. De serted 1 Sept., 1861. BINNEY, George L. 20. Boston, Mass. Clerk. 1 1 May, 1861. Roxbury. Detailed as quartermaster s clerk, 11 May, 1861. Appointed quartermaster sergeant, 15 March, 1862. See Non-commissioned Staff ; also, Commissioned Officers. BIRMINGHAM, John. 19. Danvers, Mass. Shoemaker. 11, May, 1861. Danvers. Discharged for disability, June, 1861. Boss, Charles. 22. Albany, N.Y. Laborer. 22 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Deserted, 26 May, 1862. BROWN, John. 22. Sligo, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. North Bridgewater. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863. at Chancellorsville ; not disabled. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BROWN, Thomas. 21. Marblehead, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Marblehead. Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. BCRDETT, Charles. 21. North Reading, Mass. Shoe maker. May, 1861. North Reading. Corporal, 21 Nov., 1862. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; died in consequence, 8 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. BUKKE, James. 21. Cork, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Abington. Wounded in shoulder, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 6 Oct., 1862. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. BURKE, Thomas. 20. Boston, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Marblehead. Wounded in arm, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; returned to duty, 10 Dec., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BURRILL, David, jr. 33. . . . Mass. Shoemaker. 21 May, 1861. Stoughton. Enlisted wagoner, July, 1861, to September, 1861 ; company cook, September, 1861, to 20 April, 1863. Absent in hospital, 23 May, 1864, when mustered out. THE ENLISTED MEN. 393 BOTTERFIELD, Dexter. 19. Dunstable, Mass. Farmer. 19 Oct., 1861. Dunstable. Transferred, 21 Dec., 1861, to Company A, which see. CAHILL, Robert C. 19. Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Marblehead. Transferred to Company H, from Com pany C, 28 Dec., 1861. Corporal, 29 Dec., 1861. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. CANNON, Thomas. 41. Ireland. Farmer. 23 July, 1862. Winchester. Discharged for disability, 20 March, 1863. CARRAHER, Frank L. 25. Armagh, Ireland. Wood-turner. 11 May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, May, 1861 ; sergeant, July, 1861, to 20 Dec., 1861. Detached to Corthran s New-York Battery and to Fourth United-States Artillery, 10 April, 1862, to 19 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. CASEY, Michael. 19. Tipperary, Ireland. Shoemaker. 15 May, 1861. North Bridgewater. Corporal, 5 Sept., 1861 ; sergeant, 21 Nov., 1862; first sergeant, 24 Aug., 1863. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, and taken prisoner ; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CHASE, George W. 22. Dudley, Mass. Mule-spinner. 1 1 May, 1861. Webster. Wounded in leg, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. CHASE, Hiram. 23. Dudley, Mass. Mule-spinner. May, 1861. Webster. Corporal, 5 Sept., 1861 ; color-corporal, 4 July, 1862, to 1 Aug., 1862. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Dec., 1863. CHASE, Willard K. 22. Groveland, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Georgetown. Discharged for disability, 1 Dec., 1862. CLARK, John. 29. Boston, Mass. Bootmaker. 11 May, 1861. Easton. Detailed wagoner, 1 July, 1861, to 7 April, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. CRONIN, Dennis. 22. Cork, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 394 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. May, 1861. Boston. Went to hospital in August, 1862 ; absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. CULLKN, John. 21. Longford, Ireland. Bootmaker. May, 1861. North Bridge water. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CORCORAN, William. 20. Cork, Ireland. Cloth-dresser. May, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; transferred to Invalid Corps, 25 Nov., 1863. DAMMERALL, William II. 18. St. Johns, N.B. Farmer. May, 1861. Chelsea. Taken prisoner, 16 Aug., 1862, at Culpepper, Va. ; returned to duty, 24 Dec., 1862. Injured by ball striking breastplate, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville ; returned to duty, June, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. DAVIS, James A. 18. Dunstable, Mass. Farmer. 10 Nov., 1861. Dunstable. Transferred, 21 Dec., 1861, to Company A, which see. DE WEALE, Alfred. 18. Warwick, England. "None." 21 May, 1861. East Boston. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. DONNOVAX, John. 22. Kerry, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Lawrence. Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. DOOLITTLE, Samuel. 26. Oswego, N..Y. Printer. May, 1861. Toledo, Ohio. In hospital since August, 1862; was in convalescent camp, 7 May, 1863 ; absent in hospi tal, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. DUFFY, Thomas. 29. Farmanha, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Easton. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. DUNBAR, John B. 18. West Bridge water. Farmer. May, 1861. West Bridgewater. Died of typhoid fever, 6 Nov., 1861, at Seneca Mills, Md. FARRINGTON, John E. 20. Milford, Mass. Laborer. 30 Aug., 1862. Milford. Wounded in abdomen, 3 July, THE ENLISTED MEN. 395 1863, at Gettysburg ; died in consequence, . . July, 1863, at Gettysburg. FERNALD, Charles F. 20. Wakefield, N.H. Farmer. 11 Aug., 1862. Wakefield, N.H Wounded and missing (doubtless dead), 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. FLYNN, Charles. 29. Mayo, Ireland. Carpenter. May, 1861. Boston. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. Foss, Phineas H. 44. Wayne, Me. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Boston. Detailed as hospital orderly, 18 Sept., 1861, to 15 Sept., 1863 ; and again, 21 Nov., 1863, to 22 Feb., 1864. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. GALLIGAN, Owen. 20. Longford, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. North Bridge water. Deserted 3 July, 1861. GARDNER, Benjamin N. 28. North Bridgewater, Mass. Shoe-finisher. 23 May, 1861. North Bridge water. - Corporal, May, 1861, to May, 1861. Detached to division division ambulance corps, 29 Oct., 1862. Died of disease, 31 Dec., 1862, at Frederick, Md. GELRAY, Joseph W. 24. Manchester, England. Weaver. 11 May, 1861. Lowell. Transferred to Company H, from Company A, 22 Dec., 1861. In Company A, corpo ral, 25 May, 1861 ; in company H, sergeant, 22 Dec., 1861. Wounded severely in arm, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antie- tam. Promoted to be second lieutenant, 25 Dec., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. GILLEY, George. 18. At sea, off Cape Cod. Sailor. 20 May, 1861. Boston. Company musician, May, 1861. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. GORDON, John. 45. Hampstead, N.H. Farmer. 23 July, 1862. Winchester. Died of chronic diarrhoea, 6 Jan., 1863, at Alexandria, Va. GREENE, Charles F. 25. Meredith, N.H. Shoemaker. 24 May, 1861. New York. First sergeant, 24 May, 1861, to 19 Dec., 1861. Detailed as quartermaster s clerk, 30 March, 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. 396 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. GREENE, Joseph D. 20. Petersham, Mass. Barber. 15 May, 1861. Ware. Transferred to Company H, from Company G, 1 Jan., 1862. Corporal, 31 July, 1863. De tached to duty at Long Island, Boston Harbor, 16 July, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HALL, Charles M. 29. Rochester, Mass. Shoe-finisher. May, 1861. North Bridge water. Corporal, . . May, 1861. Deserted, Sept., 1861. HALL, Freeman L. 18. Worcester, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Milbury. Wounded in leg, y Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 25 March, 1863. HANKY, William. 19. Randolph, Mass. Shoemaker. 2 Sept., 1862. Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. HANNIGAN, Michael. 25. Mayo, Ireland. Laborer. 11 May, 1861. Dedham. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. HARBIRD, John. 21. Boston, Mass. Brush-maker. 30 July, 1862. Boston. Deserted 25 Dec., 1862. HARRIS, William. 21. Kilkenny, Ireland. Shoemaker. 23 May, 1861. North Bridgewater. Sergeant, 23 May, 1861. Wounded in neck, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester (in the street), taken prisoner and paroled ; returned to duty, 24 Nov., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HEEL AN, Patrick . 18. Limerick, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Easton. Corporal, 21 Nov., 1862. Wounded in breast, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. HENNESSEY, Jeremiah. 26. Boston, Mass. Laborer. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Discharged for disability, 9 Jan., 1863. HILL, Gershom S. 26. Gardiner, Me. Bootmaker. May, 1861. Cambridge. Discharged for disability, .. June, 1861. HOLYOKE, John A. 19. Marlboro , Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Marlboro . Discharged for disability, 24 Nov., 1862. THE ENLISTED MEN. 397 HOWE, Leonard. 29. Ipswich, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Georgetown. Corporal, 5 Sept., 1861. Died of chronic diarrhoea, 28 Nov., 1861, near Seneca Mills, Md. JELLISOX, William H. 21. Rowley, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Rowley. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to Washington, D.C., and died there, of typhoid pneumonia, 13 Oct., 1862. JOHNSON, Arthur. 21. Stockbridge, Vt. Laborer. May, 1861. Reading, Vt. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. JOHNSON, Richard. 19. North Bridgewater, Mass. Car penter. May, 1861. North Bridgewater. Discharged for disability, 3 July, 1862. KEATING, Maurice. 20. Tipperary, Ireland. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. North Bridgewater. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Deserted, 1 April, 1863, while on furlough. KEENAN, Patrick. 22. Longford, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. North Bridgewater. In hospital since Au gust, 1862; was returned, June, 1864, as deserter. Re- enlisted 24 June, 1864. See Second Term. KELLAHER, John. 35. Cork, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, 12 Feb., 1863. KELLEY, Henry. 32. Leitrim, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Lawrence (Pawtucket, R.I.?). Mustered out 28 May, 1864. KELLIIIER, Hugh. 19. Boston, Mass. Laborer. 22 Aug. 1862. Boston. Transferred to Invalid Corps,! Sept., 1863. KELLOGG, Charles F. 36. Amherst, Mass. Painter. 23 May, 1861. Amherst. Corporal, 23 May, 1861, to July, 1861; and again, . . . 1861. Sergeant, 20 Dec., 1861. Discharged for disability, 14 Feb., 1863. KENNEDY, Michael. 23. Kerry, Ireland. Hatter. May, 1861. Lawrence. Wounded in groin, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 18 July (20 Oct.?), 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. 398 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. LEHANE, James. 24. Cork, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Easton. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. LEIGHTON, Daniel M. 45. Addison, Me. Mason. May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, 16 Jan., 1863. LEONARD, John M. 35. St. Helens, England. Tailor. May, 1861. Lee. Discharged for disability, 28 March, 1863. LONGFELLOW, Nathan. 23. Newbury, Mass. Farmer. May, 1861. Newburyport. Corporal, 12 May, 1862; sergeant, 1 March, 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. LYNCH, James. 27. Longford, Ireland. Boot-treer. May, 1861. North Bridgewater. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned 2 Aug., 1863. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. LYON, John P. 44. Halifax, Mass. Carpenter. 22 Oct., 1861. Abington. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged for disability (without returning to the regiment). MACOMBER, Horatio N. 29. Durham, Me. Shoemaker. 30 Aug., 1862. Newburyport. Detailed company cook, 2 Dec., 1863, to 10 Jan., 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MASON, Charles H. 25. Boston. Painter. May, 1861. Boston. Deserted 18 Sept., 1861. McALEVEY, Daniel. 30. Ireland. Laborer. 28 Aug., 1862. Boston. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; transferred to Invalid Corps, 25 Nov., 1863. McCREADY, James. 22. Monahan, Ireland. Shovel- maker. May, 1861. Easton. Discharged for disability, 19 Nov., 1862. MCDONNELL, Philip. 23. Cork, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Salem. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN. 399 McDouGAL, Duncan. 25. Scotland. Farmer. 26 July, 1862. Roxbury. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. McGETRiCK, John. 25. Sligo, Ireland. Coachman. 12 Aug., 1862. Brookline. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. McKiNSTREY, Charles O. 19. Northbridge, Mass. Shoe maker. May, 1861. Southbridge. Detailed as company cook, May, 1861, to 10 Jan., 1864. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. MCLAUGHLIN, Daniel. 43. Ireland. Farmer. 23 July, 1862. Winchester. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 30 Nov., 1863. MIDDLETON, David A. 22. Boston, Mass. Shovel-maker. May, 1861. Easton. Corporal, 1 June, 1861. Deserted 7 July, 1861. MOOERS, Andrew J. 24. Amoskeag, N.H. Machinist. 26 Aug., 1862. Brookline. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. MOORE, John (A.?). 24. Antrim, Ireland. Plumber. May, 1861. Boston. Wounded in groin, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; dropped from the rolls, 27 July, 1863 (State rolls say mustered out 28 May, 1864). MORSE, George W. 18. Newport, Ky. Farmer. May, 1861. Athol. Corporal, 1 Oct., 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. MOTHERWELL, John. 23. Glasgow, Scotland. Blacksmith. 23 May, 1861. Easton. Corporal, May, 1861 ; sergeant, 1 July, 1861, to 19 Dec., 1861 ; corporal again, 24 Nov., 1862, to 4 July, 1863. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 13 Oct., 1862. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. MULHKRN, Philip. 20. Roxbury, Mass. Stone-cutter. May, 1861. Boston. Detached to gunboat on the Mis sissippi, 18 Feb., 1862 ; was there wounded, and discharged for disability, 21 March, 1863. MURPHY, John (1st). 18. Cork, Ireland. Shovel-maker. 400 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. May, 1861. Easton. Corporal, 21 Nov., 1862, to 1 March, 1863. Wounded in breast, 3 July, 1863, at Get tysburg; returned to duty, 10 Dec., 1863. Wounded in arm (amputated), 15 May, 1864, at Resaca; in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. MURPHY, John (2d). 38. Ireland. Tailor. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MURRAY, Jeremiah. 22. Clare, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Nonh Bridgewater. Corporal, August, 1861. Deserted August, 1861. MURRAY, Patrick. 26. Cavan, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. North Bridgewater. Discharged for dis ability, 19 March, 1863. MURRAY, Thomas. 22. Kildare, Ireland. Shovel-maker. 10 May, 1861. Easton. Company musician, 10 May 1861. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. NOONAN, Patrick. 36. Roscommon, Ireland. Laborer. 11 May, 1861. Portland, Me. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged for disability (without re turning to the regiment), 29 Jan., 1863. O BRIEN, Jeremiah. 26. Cork, Ireland. Stone-cutter. 11 May, 1861. Boston. Wounded in hip, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; not disabled. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. O CONNELL, John G. 21. Kerry, Ireland. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Worcester. Killed in action, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester. O DONNELL, Hugh. 20. Donegal, Ireland. Blacksmith. 11 May, 1861. North Bridgewater. Wounded in side, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. O REiLY, Michael. 25. Cork, Ireland. Carpenter. May, 1861. Boston. Wounded in shoulder, 24 May, 1862, near Kernstown, Va. ; discharged in consequence, 4 Oct., 1862. PAUL, Joseph. 19. Williston, Vt, Shoemaker. 22 May, 1861. Webster. Corporal, 22 May, 1861, to 5 Sept., THE ENLISTED MEN. 401 1861. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors- ville ; returned . . April, 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. TERRY, Charles R. 22. Truro, N.S. May, 1861. Plais- tow, N.H. Corporal, 5 Sept., 1861, to . . Jan., 1862. Deserted 25 Dec., 1862. PIERCE, James. 21. Roscommon, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Roxbury. Died of diarrhoea, 20 Dec., 1861, at Frederick, Md. POWERS, Albert W. 20. Warren, Mass. Salesman. May, 1861. Warren. Transferred from Company G, to Com pany H, 20 Dec., 1861. In Company G, sergeant, May, 1861; in Company H, first sergeant, 20 Dec., 1861. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. Pro moted to be second lieutenant, 12 July, 1862 ; but his commission did not arrive until after the battle of Cedar Mountain. See Commissioned Officers. POWERS, James. 25. Limerick, Ireland. Shovel-maker. May, 1861. Easton. Discharged for disability, June, 1861. POWERS, James E. 24. Limerick, Ireland. Book-gilder. May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 5 Sept., 1861. Wounded in head, 24 May, 1862, near Kernstown, Va. ; taken pris oner ; paroled. Discharged in consequence of wounds, 14 Oct., 1862. POWERS, Richard. 21. Limerick, Ireland. Shovel-maker. May, 1861. Easton. Deserted 7 July, 1861. PRATT, John A. 40. Portland, Me. Dyer. 11 Aug., 1862. Winooski, Vt, Transferred, 24 Aug., 1862, to Company K, which see. PROCTOR, George. 37. Springfield, Vt. Shoemaker. 22 May, 1861. Reading. Died, 24 Jan., 1862, at Bal timore, Md. RANDALL, Vernon. 22. Easton, Mass. Shovel-maker. May, 1861. Easton. Corporal, June, 1861. Deserted August, 1861. 26 402 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. RKES, Thomas. 23. Bristol, England. Printer. May, 1861. West Brookfield. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. REMICK, Benjamin F. 23. Gardiner, Me. Bootmaker. 22 May, 1861. West Medway. Killed in action, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. REYNOLDS, Patrick. 24. Longford, Ireland. Shovel-maker. May, 1861. Easton. Discharged for disability, 4 March, 1863. RIPLEY, Silas K. 25. Easton, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Easton. Discharged for disability, 3 July, 1863. SANDERS, D. Henry. 21. Rowley, Mass. Farmer. 23 May, 1861. Rowley. Corporal, 23 May, 1861, to .. June, 1861 ; and again, 1 March, 1863. Detailed to regimental band, ... 1861, to ... 1862. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 28 Oct., 1862. Severely wounded in groin, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors- ville ; in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. SANFORD, John M. 38. Rochester, N.Y. Sailor. 15 May, 1861. . . . Sergeant, May, 1861, to July, 1861. Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, 18 Feb., 1862 ; discharged. SCHIEL, Charles. 31. Germany. Carpenter. May. 1861. Roxbury. Discharged for disability, 14 Oct., 1862. SE AVERS, Richard. 26. Dublin, Ireland. Laborer. May, 1861. Easton. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg. SMITH, Charles F. 23. Boston, Mass. Chemist. 30 Aug., 1862. Boston. Discharged, 18 April, 1863, to receive commission of second lieutenant in the Fifty-fourth Massa chusetts, but commission cancelled. SMITH, Ervil L. 21. Essex, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Roxbury (Rowley ?). Corporal, 5 Sept., 1861. Died of typhoid fever, 28 April, 1862, near Harrisonburg, Va. SMITH, John T. 21. Boston, Mass. Blacksmith. May, 1861. Easton. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 22 Nov., 1863. THE ENLISTED MEN. 403 SMITH, Orin E. 22. Barrington, Mass. Sailor. May, 1861. Webster. Corporal, May, 1861; sergeant, 5 Sept., 1861 ; first sergeant, 24 Nov., 1862. Discharged, 13 March, 1863, to receive the commission of first lieuten ant in the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, dated 5 March ; captain, 31 May, 1863. Wounded at Fort Wagner, and resigned from disability, 25 Jan., 1864. SMITH, William. 25. Montague, N.S. Caulker. 18 Aug., 1862. Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. STETSON, Samuel L. 39. Boston, Mass. Carpenter. 13 May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 13 May, 1861, to .. June, 1861. Detached as pioneer to First Division, 6 April, 1862. Taken prisoner, 23 May, 1862, at Front Royal, Va.; returned to duty, 22 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. TAYLOR, George. 20. Dunstable, Mass. Farmer. 17 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Died of consumption, 8 Feb., 1862, at Frederick, Md. TIBBETTS, James M. 41. Frankfort, Me. Carpenter. May, 1861. Cambridgeport. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester, and paroled ; returned to duty 28 Oct., 1862. Discharged for disability, 25 April, 1863. THOMAS, Linus B. 21. Middleboro , Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. North Bridgewater. Wounded in hand, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 23 Nov.,, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. THOMPSON, Thomas. 35. Sheffield, England. Shoemaker. May, 1861. West Bridgewater. Deserted 12 Sept. 1862. WARD, Hugh. 37. Ireland. Stone-cutter. 2 Sept., 1862.. Boston. Wounded in head, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; discharged in consequence, 2 Nov., 1863. WARNER, William B. 32. Boston, Mass. Physician. May, 1861. Fitchburg. Sergeant, May, 1861, to 1 July, 1861. Deserted August, 1861. WEBBER, Eldred. 32. Hamilton, Mass. Bootmaker. 404 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. May, 1861. Wenham. Corporal, 19 April, 1862. Wounded in leg (amputated), 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 15 Jan., 1863. WELCH, John. 19. Cork, Ireland. Farmer. May, 1861. Easton. Corporal, 21 Nov., 1862. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. WHITRIIOUSE, Benjamin F. 20. Nevvfield, Me. Farmer. 8 Aug., 1862. Brookline Corporal, 1 March, 1863. Wounded in groin, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; in hos pital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. WHITTEMORE, Ezra G. 38. Pawtucket, Mass. Shoemaker. May, 1861. Easton. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. WRIGHT, Oliver. 19. Jay, Me. Farmer. May, 1861. East Dixfield, Me. Taken prisoner, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; returned to duty, 16 Dec., 1863. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. COMPANY I. ATKINS, William H. 23. Sheerness, England. Sailor. 11 May, 1861. Castine, Me. Deserted 1 June, 1862. BAILEY, George M. 23. Wilmington, Mass. Shoemaker. 17 May, 1861. Wilmington. Taken prisoner, .. Aug., 1862, near Mauassas Junction ; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. BAINE, James. 38. Cornville, Me. Farmer. 14 May, 1861. Cornville, Me. Discharged for disability, June, 1861. BAIRD, William. 21. Glasgow, Scotland. Clerk. 11 May, 1861. Chelsea. Corporal, . . . 1861, to 11 Aug., 1861 ; "again, . . . 1861, to . ... 1861; and again, 16 Feb., 1863, to 27 Sept., 1863. Detached as clerk at brigade headquar- THE ENLISTED MEN. 405 ters, 6 Aug., 18G2, to 26 Oct., 1862. Detailed as clerk at regimental headquarters, 20 April, 1863, to 5 May, 1863 ; and again, 9 May, 1863, to 21 May, 1863 ; again, 15 Oct., 1863, to 31 Oct., 1863; again, 2 March, 1864. Re-en listed. See Second Term. BANCROFT, Thomas A. 27. Wilmington, Mass. Farmer. 17 May, 1861. Wilmington. Detailed to commissary department, . . July, 1861. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BARRUS, John W. 20. Richmond, N.H. Shoemaker. 22 May, 1861. Richmond, N.H. Wounded in breast, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, . . July, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BARRUS, Marshall. 24. Richmond, N.H. Shoemaker. 22 May, 1861. Richmond, N.H. Wounded in wrist, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; transferred to Invalid Corps, 16 March, 1864. BICKFORD, Charles E. 20. Alton, N.H. Shoemaker. 15 May, 1861. Alton, N.H. Wounded in leg, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; died in consequence, 16 Nov., 1863, at Alisona, Tenn. BONNET, Wallace. 23. Boston, Mass. Painter. 13 May, 1861. Boston. Wounded slightly in breast, 1 April, 1862, near Woodstock, Va. ; the first man wounded in the regiment. Discharged for disability, 15 April, 1863. BOSMORE, Horace. 24. Danville, Me. Farmer. 20 May, 1861. East Bridgewater. Sergeant, 20 May, 1861, to 11 Aug., 1861. Wounded in groin, 24 May, 1862, near Newtown, Va. ; died in consequence, ] June, 1862. BRADISH, Addison S. 22. Winchendon, Mass. Farmer. 18 May, 1861. Royalston. Wounded in leg, 24 May, LS62, near Newtown, Va. ; discharged in consequence, 25 July, 1862. BRADY, Mathias P. 38. Dublin, Ireland. Stone-cutter. 15 May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, 15 Feb., 1862. BROWN, David B. 32. Edinburgh, Scotland. Japanner. 406 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. 15 May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 15 May, 1861, to July, 1861. Wounded in side, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, and taken prisoner; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Wounded in abdomen, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; died in consequence, 21 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. BUTLER, Aaron. 43. Shapleigh, Me. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Woburn. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. BUTTERS, Theodore S. 19. Wilmington, Mass. Farmer. 18 May, 1861. Wilmington. Corporal, 24 March, 1863. Wounded in leg (amputated), 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg; died in consequence, 30 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. CAMARA, Nicholas M. 23. Portugal. Cabinet-maker. 13 May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, 14 Sept., 1863. CAMERON, Robert. 22. Irvine, Scotland. Paper-maker. 14 May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 18 Feb., 1862. Wounded in abdomen, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; died in consequence, 8 May, 1863, at Washington, D.C. CARTER, James O. 19. Reading, Mass. Farmer. 18 May, 1861. Wilmington. Wounded in cheek and hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; returned to duty, 30 July, 1863. Detached as orderly at brigade headquarters, 13 Sept., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CHASE, Charles J. 20. Ellsworth, Me. Sailor. 11 May, 1861. Ellsworth, Me. Detached to gunboat on the Mis sissippi, 18 Feb., 1862. Dropped from the rolls, 27 July, 1863. CLEVELAND, Harmon S. 27. Dunham, C.E. Shoemaker. 18 May, 1861. Canada. Discharged for disability, 15 Sept., 1861. CODY, Stephen. 26. Sotkson (?), Ireland. Glazier. 14 May, 1861. Boston. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at AVinchester ; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Killed in action, 6 July, 1863, at Gettysburg, while carrying the colors. COLLINS, Thomas A. 19. Cork, Ireland. Coppersmith. THE ENLISTED MEN. 407 13 May, 1861. Roxbury. Corporal, 22 Dec., 1861, to . . Dec., 1861 ; sergeant, 9 Oct., 1862. Wounded in chin, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; discharged inconsequence, 24 Jan., 1863. COXANT, James H. 38. Londonderry, N.H. Spirit-merchant. 18 May, 1861. Lawrence. Discharged for disability, 25 April, 1863. COSTELLO, John. 20. Ireland. Laborer. 17 Feb., 1862. Springfield. Wounded, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam, and missing; dropped from the rolls, 27 July, 1863. COULSON, Joseph. 19. New- York City. Weaver. 13 May, 1861. Roxbury. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. Cox, William. 34. Newark (?). Cigar-maker. 18 March, 1862. Springfield. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 7 Oct., 1863. CROXIN, Patrick. 28. Ireland. Bootmaker. 5 July, 1862. Milford. Wounded in arm, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors- ville ; returned to duty, 10 Aug., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. DAMON, Isaac B. 35. Scituate, Mass. Harness-maker. 27 Feb., 1862. Weymouth. Detailed as regimental harness-maker, February, 1862. Detached to brigade train, 28 Dec., 1862, to 26 Sept., 1863. Detailed as regimentajl harness-maker, 17 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. D AVIGXOX, Francis. 44. Sevres, France. Artist. 11 May, 1861. Med ford. Corporal, . . . 1861, to . . June, 1861. Detached as artist to corps headquarters, 30 July, 1862. Discharged by order of War Department, 11 May, 1863. DAVIS, Lorenzo. 41. Sangersville, Me. Mason. 28 May, 1861. East Abington. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chaucellorsville. DOERFLER, John. 30. Germany. Weaver. 18 May, 1861. Lawrence. Wounded in knee, 24 May, 1863, at 408 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Kernstown, Va. ; transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Sept., 1863. DRUG AN, John A. 19. East Boston, Mass. Moulder. 16 May, 1861. Walpole. Wounded in thigh, 24 May, 1862, near Newtown, Va. ; discharged in consequence, 25 July, 1862. EASTMAN, Albert D. 29. Chester, N.H. ... 18 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 1 5 Feb., 1862 ; but discharge papers were not received until 22 Feb., 1862, on which day he died, at Frederick, Md. EATON, Minot H. 33. Rockingham, Vt. Printer. 13 May, 1861. Lynn. Corporal, 18 Feb., 1862, to 16 Feb., 1863; sergeant, 14 April, 1863, to 25 Aug., 1863. Wounded in neck, 24 May, 1862, near Kernstown, Va., and taken prisoner the next day ; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. EDMUNDS, James S. 29. Charlestown, Mass. Teamster. 18 May, 1861. Billerica. Wounded in head, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 24 Oct., 1862. Wounded in hip and in arm, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; died in consequence, 20 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. ELLSWORTH, Andrew B. 19. ... Machinist. 12 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Detailed as regimental wagoner, . . Feb., 1862, to 19 Oct., 1863; and 30 Oct., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. FARR, Edwards D. 19. Leicester, Mass. Seaman. 14 May, 1861. Leicester. Wounded in foot, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 14 Feb., 1863. FINN, Bernard. 19. Ireland. Shoemaker. 20 May, 1861. Wrentham. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winches ter ; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Wounded in shoulder, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 21 Nov., 1863. Discharged for disability, 23 Feb., 1864. FLAGG, Thomas B. 24. Kennebunk, Me. Farmer. 22 July, 1862. Wilmington. Discharged for disability, 11 Nov., 1862. THE ENLISTED MEN. 409 FLYNN, Patrick. 32. Waterford, Ireland. Wood-turner. 11 May, 1861. Waltham. Detailed company musician, May, 1861. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. FORD, John. 22. Galway, Ireland. Laborer. 14 May, 1861. Boston. Wounded in hand, 17 Sept., 1862, at An- tietam ; discharged in consequence, 2 March, 1863. FORNICE, William L. 22. Salem, Mass. Laborer. 14 Oct., 1862. ... Discharged for disability, 16 Jan., 1863. FORREST, Michael A. 20. Cork, Ireland. Shoemaker. 13 May, 1861. Cambridge. Corporal, 1 Sept., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. FREEMAN, Omer W. 18. 8 wanton, Vt. Shoemaker. 15 May, 1861. Lynn. Discharged for disability, 24 April, 1863. FREEMAN, Willard 0. 44. Swanton, Vt. Carpenter. 24 July, 1862. Lynn. Discharged for disability, 30 March, 1863. GILLESPIE, James J. 20. Galway, Ireland. Printer. 11 May, 1861. Boston. Detailed as clerk in adjutant s office, 5 Aug., 1862. Discharged for disability, 28 Jan., 1863. GLIDDEN, George A. 32. New Durham, N.H. Shoe maker. 13 May, 1861. Natick. Corporal, June, 1861 ; sergeant, 25 Feb., 1862. Wounded in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; discharged in consequence, 2 Feb., 1863. HANCOCK, Leander C. 21. Boston, Mass. Japanner. 15 May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 26 Feb., 1862. Wounded in hand, 24 May, 1862, at Kernstown, Va., and taken pris oner ; discharged in consequence of wounds, 11 Oct., 1862. BANNING, James. 21. Dumfries, Scotland. Clerk. 15 May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 1 Sept., 1863. Wounded in neck, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; not disabled. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. HANSCOM, Charles D. 23. Portsmouth, N.H. Carpenter. 15 May, 1861. Portsmouth, N.H. Corporal, 22 Dec., 410 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. 1861. Wounded in hip, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville ; discharged in consequence, 12 Dec., 1863. HANSCOJT, Creighton G. 22. Portsmouth, N.H. Printer. 26 Aug., 1862. Portsmouth, N.H. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at; Chancellorsville. HARDING, George. 25. Brunswick, Me. Laborer. 23 May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, 21 Nov., 18G2. HART, John L. 24. Sligo, Ireland. Laborer. 15 May, 1861. Springfield. Corporal, . . . 1861, to 11 Dec., 1861. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 16 Jan., 1864. HIGGINS, Charles. 26. Ballinacurra, Ireland. Laborer. 14 May, 1861. Boston. Killed in action, 24 May, 1862, at Bartonsville, Va. HILL, Charles H. 20. Athol, Mass. Shoemaker. 22 May, 1861. Athol. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HINES, Michael. 29. Ireland. Tailor. 3 July, 1862. ^Boston. Discharged for disability, 4 March, 1863. HOBBS, James. 22. Livermore, Me. Teamster. 14 May, 1861. Livermore, Me. Corporal, 22 Dec., 1861 ; color- corporal, . . . 1863. Wounded in breast, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg, while carrying the colors ; discharged in consequence, January, 1864. HULMES, John. 22. Manchester, England. Baker. 18 May, 1861. Lawrence. Wounded, 24 May, 1862, near Newtown, Va., and missing ; dropped from the rolls, November, 1862. HUTCHINSON, James. 42. Londonderry, Ireland. Clerk. 9 Aug., 1862. Boston. Wounded in thigh, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; returned to duty, 19 May, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. JAMES, John E. 20. Hereford, England. Baker. 17 May, 1861. Wilmington. Corporal, 22 Dec., 1861; sergeant, 16 Feb., 1863; first sergeant, 14 April, 1863. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester ; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN. 411 JAQUITH, Simeon. 20. Wilmington, Mass. Wheelwright. 18 May, 1861. Woburn. Corporal, 11 Aug., 1861. Dis charged as a minor, 25 Aug., 1861. JOHNSON, Calvin. 23. Williamsburg, Mass. Farmer. 1 June, 1861. Williamsburg. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Feb.. 1864. JOY, John. 24. Kilkenny, Ireland. Waiter. 26 Aug., 1862. Boston. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg. KENNIER, Bartholemew. 25. Ireland. Operative. 8 March, 1862. Springfield. Wounded, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; transferred to Invalid Corps, 20 Nov., 1863. KERNES, Thomas A. 22. Ireland. Shoemaker. 21 May, 1861. Natick. Discharged for disability, 22 Nov., 1862. KITTREDGE, Charles E. 18 11 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Died of typhoid fever, 7 Dec., 1861, at Freder ick, Md. LENNON, Thomas H. 22. Roxbury, Mass. Teamster. 13 May, 1861. Roxbury. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. LTDON, Thomas. 22. Mayo, Ireland. Laborer. 13 May, 1861. . . . Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Win chester; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Taken prisoner, 9 June, 1863, at Beverly Ford ; returned to duty, 1 March, . 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MARA, Patrick. 22. Athlone, Ireland. Shoemaker. 18 May, 1861. Roxbury. Wounded in arm, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 30 July, 1863. Dis charged for disability, 24 Feb., 1864. MARTIN, John. 33. ... N.B. Carpenter. 4 June, 1862. Roxbury. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancel- lorsville. MATTHEWS, John. 27. Boston, Mass. Steward. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. Deserted, 11 Oct., 1862, from General Hospital. 412 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. MAXCEY, Edward. 23. New Bedford, Mass. Sailor. 11 May, 1861. New Bedford. Corporal, 11 May, 1861, to . . Sept., 1861. Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, 14 Feb., 1862 ; dropped from the rolls, 27 July, 1863. MAYNARD, Simon O. 23. Enosburg, Vt. Grocer. 15 May, 1861. Enosburg, Vt, Corporal, 15 May, 1861, to 11 Aug., 1861; and again, 25 Feb., 1862; sergeant, 22 Oct., 1863. Wounded in arm, 25 May, 1862, at Winches ter; returned to duly, 16 Sept., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MCCAFFREY, Cornelius. 18. Ireland. Operative. 21 Feb., 1862. Boston. Corporal, 28 May, 1864 ; sergeant, 1 July, 1864. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettys burg ; returned to duty, 1 April, 1864. Re-enlisted, 23 Feb., 1864. See Second Term. MCCARTHY, Michael. 19. Boston, Mass. Farmer. 13 March, 1862. Springfield. Wounded, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 6 Nov., 1862. McCoRMiCK, John. 24. Tyrone, Ireland. Teamster. 15 May, 1861. Boston. Enlisted wagoner. Discharged for disability, 16 Nov., 1862. MCLAUGHLIN, Patrick. 22. Donegal, Ireland. Currier. 13 May, 1861. . . . Mustered out 28 May, 1864. McTiGHE, Patrick. 18. Galway, Ireland. Carpenter. 11 May, 1861. Roxbury. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. McKENNY, Elisha. 34. Woolwich, Me. Carpenter. 15 May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 15 May, 1861, to 11 Aug., 1861. Detached as pioneer to First Division,.. Feb., 1862, to 1 April, 1862; and again, 6 April, 1862, to 23 March, 1863. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chan- cellorsville. MOGLE, George, jr. 25. Troy, N.Y. Printer. 11 May, 1861. . . . Deserted 30 Aug., 1861.. MOORI-:, Thomas. 38. Queen s County, Ireland. Shoemaker. 15 May, 1861. Saxonville. Wounded in wrist, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. THE ENLISTED MEN. 413 MUNROE, Andrew B. 25. North Reading, Mass. Shoe maker. 19 May, 1861. North Reading. Corporal, 11 Aug., 1861. Wounded in leg, 24 May, 1862, near Kerns- town, Va., and prisoner ; paroled ; discharged in consequence, in 1862. NASON, Horace. 21. Chesterville, Me. Teamster. 15 May, 1861. Natick Sergeant, 15 May, 1861 ; first ser geant, 25 Feb., 1862. Discharged for disability, 2 Feb., 1863. NELSON, Thomas. 18. Boston, Mass. Driver. 28 May, 1861. Dorchester. Taken prisoner, . . Aug., 1862, near Manassas Junction; returned to duty, 26 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. NICHOLS, Charles A. 21. Lowell, Mass. Baker. 17 May, 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 3 April, 1862. NUTT, William. 24. Topsham, Vt. Shoemaker. 15 May, 1861. Natick. Corporal, 15 May, 1861; sergeant, 11 Aug., 1861. Discharged, 15 March, 1863, to receive the commission of second lieutenant in the Fifty-fourth Massa chusetts, dated 5 March ; first lieutenant, 22 May ; captain in the Fifty-fifth Massachusetts, 23 May, 1863; major, 23 Nov., 1864; lieutenant-colonel, 25 June, 1865. Mus tered out 29 Aug., 1865. O CONNOR, Lawrence. 29. Ireland. Laborer. 10 March, 1862. . . . In hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 10 April, 1865, when mustered out. O CONNOR, Timothy. 20. Cork, Ireland. Law-student. 13 May, 1861. Detailed as regimental clerk, . . Ma}r, 1861. Severely wounded in breast by guerillas, 12 May, 1862, near Woodstock, Va. ; discharged for disability, in 1862. (Admitted to practice of law in Boston.) O DONNELL, Anthony. 34. ... N.H. Cutler. 11 May, 1861. Boston.* Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, 14 Feb., 1862. Dropped from the rolls, 27 July, 1863. PARKER, Rufus A. 20. Monson, Mass. Farmer. 11 414 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. March, 1862. Springfield. Wounded through lungs, 3 July, 18G3, at Gettysburg; died in consequence, 21 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. PATTISON, Everett W. 22. Waterville, Me. Student. 27 May, 1861. Worcester. First sergeant, 27 May, 1861 ; promoted to be second lieutenant, 4 Feb., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. PIERS ON, Hiram J. 28. Tewksbury, Mass. Carpenter. 18 May, 1861. Tewksbury. Corporal, 18 Sept., 1861 ; sergeant, 14 April, 1863, to 25 Aug., 1863 ; corporal again, 24 Dec., 1863, to 29 Dec., 1863. Wounded in head, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Wounded in shoulder, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca, and died in consequence, 11 June, 1864. PRATT, Reuben A. 24. North Chelsea, Mass. Brick- maker. 11 May, 1861. North Chelsea. Discharged for disability, 15 Jan., 1862. QUINN, George W. 19. Boston, Mass. Printer. 11 May, 1861. Boston. Wounded in leg, 24 May, 1862, near Kernstown, Ya. ; taken prisoner; parolled ; discharged in consequence of wounds, in 1862. QUINN, Patrick S. 19. ... Ireland. Dyer. 23 June, 1862. Lowell. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; never returned to duty ; discharged fur disa bility, 29 Nov., 1862. RAMBECK, Leonard. 34. Germany. Spinner. 17 May, 1861. . . . Died of typhoid fever, 19 Oct., 1861, at Darnestown, Md. REED, Israel S. 32. Auburn, N.H. Watchman. 17 May, 1861. Hampstead, N.H. Died, 13 March, 1863, at Frederick, Md. REED, Levi G. 35. Uxbridge, Mass. Rivet-driver. 18 May, 1861. Boston. Deserted 17 June, 1862. RICHARDSON, George W. 23. Billerica, Mass. Shoe maker. 18 May, 1861. Billerica. Deserted 27 June? 1861. THE ENLISTED MEN. 415 RICHARDSON, Harry G. 26. Northampton, Mass. Car penter. 14 May, 1861. Sunderland. Sergeant, 14 May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 10 Feb., 1863. Ross, James. 26. Manchester, P ngland. Spinner. 23 June, 1862. Boston. Discharged for disability, 2 April, 1863. SAWYER, Andrew IT. 24. New Gloucester, Me. Sailor. 22 July, 1862. Boston. Wounded in hip, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; died in consequence, 18 Aug., 1863, at Washington, D.C. SHEERIN, Charles S. 20. Boston, Mass. Printer. 14 May, 1861. Boston. Discharged 14 Feb., 1863, to re ceive the commission of second lieutenant in the Sixteenth Massachusetts, of that date. SHEPHERD, Joseph F. 22. Northampton, Mass. Book binder. 11 May, 1861. Northampton. Corporal, 18 Sept., 1861, to 5 Dec., 1861. Discharged for disability, 5 June, 1862. SMITH, Patrick C. 34. Dublin, Ireland. Tanner. 18 May, 1861. Lawrence. Wounded in arm, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Sept., 1863. STEELE, Joseph. 32. Newburyport, Mass. Sailor. 1 1 May, 1861. Byfield. Wounded in leg, 24 May, 1862, near Kernstown, Ya., and taken prisoner ; returned to duty, 19 Dec., 1862. Wounded in breast, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; returned to duty, 2 April, 1864. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. SYLVESTER, Loammi B. 29. Hanover, Mass. Shoemaker. 27 Feb., 1862. Boston. Wounded in arm and breast, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; died in consequence, 7 Sept., 1862, at Alexandria, Va. TAYLOR, Elbridge G. 23. Wilmington, Mass. Carpenter. 18 May, 1861. Wilmington. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; died of fever, 16 Aug., 1862, at Richmond, Va., while a prisoner. 416 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. THAYER, Alfred S. 30. Boston, Mass. Clerk. 18 May, 1861. Middleboro . Detached to signal corps, . . Aug., 1861 ; transferred to signal corps, 1 Aug., 1863. TRAYNER, Charles. 29. Monaghan, Ireland. Laborer. 13 May, 1861. Waltham. Wounded in leg, 24 May, 1862, near Kernstown, Va., and taken prisoner; returned to duty, 19 Dec., 1862. Killed in action, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. TUCKER, William L. 24. Roxbury, Mass. Machinist. 14 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Discharged for disability, 16 Feb., 1862. VOELCKERS, Frederick S. 22. Boston, Mass. Machinist. 13 May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, 4 Jan., 1862. WALSH, Michael. 27. Luborn(P), Ireland. Laborer. 7 July, 1862. Lowell. Deserted 26 Jan., 1863. WEBB, James. 32. Haverhill, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Lawrence. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. WEBB, William H. 34. Haverhill, Mass. Shoemaker. 11 May, 1861. Haverhill. Discharged for disability, 6 July, 1861. WHEELER, Austin E. 18. Canaan, Me. Shoemaker. 18 May, 1861. Lawrence. Wounded in hip, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; returned to duty, 18 Oct., 1863. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. WHITE, John H. 21. Framingham, Mass. Shoemaker. 18 May, 1861. Wilmington. Detailed company musi cian, May, 1861. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WHITEHOUSE, John S. 26. Somersworth, N.H. Mechanic. 18 May, 1861. Dover, N.H. Discharged for disability, in 1863. WHITNEY, Turner. 23. Natick, Mass. Shoemaker. 15 May, 1861. Natick. Corporal, 11 Aug., 1861, to 9 Oct., 1862. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Dec., 1863. WIGGIN, John. 19. Cambridge, Mass. Butcher. 7 July, 1862. Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. THE ENLISTED MEN. 417 WILLIS, George H. 22. Wayland, Mass. Clicker. 15 May, 1861. Natick. Sergeant, 15 May, 1861; color- sergeant, . . . 1862, to 4 July, 1862. Killed in action,* 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. WILSON, Francis. 18. Norristown, Pa. Laborer. 11 May, 1861. Reading, Pa. Wounded in face, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 10 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. WRIGHT, Samuel. 21. Roxbury, Mass. Driver. 28 May, 1861. Roxbury. Detailed as regimental wagoner, 1 July, 1861. Detached as wagoner to brigade head quarters, March, 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. YOUNG, Benjamin F. 28. Strafford, N.H. Shoemaker. 13 May, 1861. Natick. Corporal, 18 Sept., 1861, to 10 Dec., 1861. Deserted 22 June, 1862. YOUNG, Ira M. 21. Waltham, Mass. Machinist. 15 May, 1861. Roxbury. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 31 March, 1863. COMPANY K. ACKERMAN, Joseph L. 41. Ipswich, Mass. Painter. 9 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Discharged for disability, 2 Feb., 1864. ANGUS, John. 25. Germany. Laborer. 14 July, 1862. South Boston. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Dec., 1863. BACKUS, Marvin. 18. Great Barrington, Mass. Farmer. 30 May, 1861. Lee. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, 19 Oct., 1862. BAILEY, George. 21. Tewksbury, Mass. Shoemaker. 23 May, 1861. Tewksbury. Discharged for disability, 19 Jan., 1863. 27 418 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. BAKER, James S. 18. Dumbarton, N.H. Railway-worker. 20 May, 1861. Billerica. Dropped from the rolls, 17 Nov., 1862. BANCROFT, Norris. 21. Nelson, N.H. Laborer. 14 May, 1861. Chesterfield. Discharged for disability, 8 July, 1861. BARTON, John F. 33. Randolph, Mass. Bootmaker. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. BEACH, Samuel S. 19. Bridgeport, Mass. Student. 29 May, 1861. Canaan (?). Corporal, 1 July, 1861, to 15 April, 1862, when returned .to the ranks at his own request. Detailed in quartermaster s department, June, 1861. Detached as clerk *at division headquarters, . . . Enlisted in regular service, and dropped, 8 March, 1864. BISHOP, Milton. 20. Salisbury, Conn. Farmer. 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Taken prisoner, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 29 Oct., 1863. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. BORTCHY, George. 39. Feichvaugen, Bavaria. Coach- maker. 25 May, 1861. Boston. A cavalry soldier in Europe. Wounded in arm, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Moun tain ; returned to duty. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. BRACE, Charles E. 22. Stockbridge, Mass. Farmer. 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Wagoner, 1 July, 1861, to 17 Dec., 1861; corporal, 15 April, 1862; sergeant, 1 March, 1863, to 1 June, 1863. Wounded in groin, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; transferred to Invalid Corps, 18 July, 1863. BROWN, Lewis. 19. Jefferson, . . . Seaman. 22 May, 1861. South Maiden. Detailed as company cook, 23 June, 1861. Discharged for disability, 20 Aug., 1861. BUNNING, John F. 23. Holstein, Germany. Mason. 22 May, 1861. Boston. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. BURGHARDT, John H. 20. Stockbridge, Mass. Machinist. THE ENLISTED MEN. 419 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Detailed as regimental armorer, 16 June, 1861. Detached as brigade armorer, 6 Aug., 1862, to 18 Oct., 1862 ; as division armorer, 21 May, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CAREY, Patrick. 22. Newtown, Ireland. Shoemaker. 20 May, 1861. Holliston. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Sept., 1863. CARROLL, John. 26. Cork, Ireland. Tanner. 29 May, 1861. Otis. Discharged 20 Oct., 1862. CARTER, Peter. 33. Montreal, C.E. Farmer. 14 May, 1861. Northampton. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 10 Oct., 1862 ; dis charged in consequence of wounds, 17 Jan., 1863. CASEY, Timothy. 23. Kerry, Ireland. Laborer. 20 May, 1861. Wareham. Corporal, 20 May, 1861, to 1 July, 1861 ; and again, 15 April, 1862 ; sergeant, 1 June, 1863. Wounded, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. Taken prisoner, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; in parole camp, 28 May, 1864. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. CHRISTENSEN, Hans G. 32. Copenhagen, Denmark. Piano- maker. 13 May, 1861. Boston. A soldier in the Dan ish service (color-bearer) in the war of 1848. Sergeant, 13 May, 1861 ; color-sergeant, 28 June, 1861. Discharged for disability, 14 Oct., 1861. CLAPP, Thomas. 42. Boston, Mass. Blacksmith. 30 May, 1861. Ashland. Detailed as company cook, May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 9 Aug., 1861. CLARK, Benjamin. 25. Northampton, Mass. Farmer. 15 May, 1861. Northampton. Corporal, 1 June, 1863. Term prolonged. On recruiting service in Boston Harbor^ in 1864. Mustered out July, 1865. CLARK, Joseph C. 28. Northampton, Mass. Driver. 13 May, 1861. Northampton. Detached to division ord nance department, 7 Nov., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Sec ond Term. CLARY, Daniel. 31. Kilfaune, Ireland. Shoemaker. 22 420 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. May, 1861. West Randolph. Corporal, 22 May, 1861 ; sergeant, 1 July, 1861; first sergeant, 15 April, 1862, to 27 Oct., 1862, when returned to the ranks at his own re quest ; sergeant again, 29 Nov., 1862. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty . . . Wounded in chest, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 18 Feb., 1864. Re-enlisted 18 Feb., 1864. See Second Term. CLARY, Ethan A. 27. Stockbridge, Mass. Machinist. 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Corporal, 13 Feb., 1862, to 27 Sept., 1862. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. COGSWELL, William. 26. Ipswich, Mass. Merchant. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Detailed as company cook, 1 Oct., 1862, to 3 Oct., 1862 ; and again, . . . Discharged for disability, 28 April, 1863. COLE, Henry W. 19. Barre, Mass. Clerk. 14 May, 1861. Northampton. Corporal, 14 May, 1861 ; sergeant, 1 July, 1861, to 10 Dec., 1861. Wounded in thigh, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; discharged in consequence, 4 Oct., 1862. CONLAN, James. 25. Dublin, Ireland. Laborer. 22 May, 1861. Boston. A soldier in the English service. Cor poral, 22 May, 1861, to 27 Nov., 1861. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. DAILY, Jeremiah. 21. Cork, Ireland. Machinist. 13 May, 1861. Northampton. Corporal, 1 July, 1861, to 10 Dec., 1861. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; re turned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Wounded in knee, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Sent to hospital at Fort Schuyler, and died 31 Dec., 1863. DALY, Thomas. 28. Farbane, Ireland. Farmer. 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. DANIELS, William. 20. Westport, N.Y. Butcher. 29 May, 1861. Lee. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. THE ENLISTED MEN. 421 DELANY, James. 24. Yorkshire, England. Clothier. 27 May, 1861. Boston. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. DEVINE, Thomas. 19. New-York City. Marble-cutter. 22 May, 1861, Brookline. Deserted 12 Sept., 1862. DITSON, Minot S. 23. Dracut, Mass. Teamster. 14 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Corporal, 30 Jan., 1863. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 10 Oct., 1862. Wounded in arm, 3 July, 1863. at Gettys burg ; discharged in consequence, 7 Jan., 1864. DONOVAN, Timothy. 25. Kinsale, Ireland. Moulder. 16 May, 1861. Boston. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. DUNBRACH, George G. 38. Halifax, N.S. Carpenter. 21 May, 1861. Roxbury. Corporal, 21 May, 1861. Discharged for disability, 5 July, 1861. DUNN ELS, John M. 23. Ipswich, Mass. Tinsmith. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Detailed as company cook, 13 Dec., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. ELDER, John. 28. Dundee, Scotland. Machinist. 14 May, 1861. Haydenville. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. ELLSWORTH, Thomas F. 21. Ipswich, Mass. Clerk. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Corporal, 11 Oct., 1863. Wounded in ankle, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; not disabled. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. FAY, Michael. 26. Mallay, Ireland. Laborer. 23 May, 1861. Boston. Corporal, 26 Sept., 1862. Wounded in hand, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, . . Aug., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. FENNER, George W. 22. Abington, Mass. Farmer. 29 May, 1861. Lee. Corporal, 13 Feb., 1862, to 1 June, 1863. Wounded in hand (by bayonet), 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; dropped from the rolls, 31 Aug., 1863. FLETCHER, James H 25 May, 1861. 422 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Boston. Assigned to company K, from post of quarter master-sergeant, . . . 1861 ; remained in hospital until dis charged for disability, 23 May, 1862. FOSTER, Samuel P. 26. Ipswich, Mass. Farmer. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Wounded in arm, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. GILLANEY, John. 19. Leitrim, Ireland. Tailor. 15 May, 1861. Boston. Detailed as company cook, 10 March, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. HARDY, Augustus W. 33. Medway, Mass. House-painter. 25 May, 1861. Franklin. Detailed as company cook, . . May, 1861. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 July, 1863. HARRIS, George. 27. Ipswich, Mass. Farmer. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. HAYNES, Amasa. 35. Hopkinton, Mass. Shoemaker. 17 May, 1861. Medford. Dropped from the rolls, 20 Oct., 1862. HAUBOLDT, William. 31. Chemnitz, Saxony. Clerk. 25 May, 1861. Boston. Wounded in six places, 9 Aug., 1-862, at Cedar Mountain; died in consequence, . . Aug., 1862, at Alexandria. HAYWARD, Albert. 19. St. John, N.B. Shoemaker. 28 May, 1861. Newton. Taken prisoner, 4 May, 1862, near Harrisonburg, Va. Deserted from hospital at Alex andria, 30 Oct., 1862. HOYT, Edward J. 19. Brimfield, Mass. Farmer. 14 May, 1861. Northampton. Term prolonged. Dis charged by order of War Department, 10 June, 1864. JELLISON, John W. 21. Shapleigh, Me. Sawyer. 27 May, 1861. Shapleigh, Me. Died of chronic diarrhoea, 25 Nov., 1862, at Philadelphia. JELLISON, Joseph R. 22. Sanford, Me. Shoemaker. 27 May, 1861. Sanford, Me. Detached to gunboat on the Mississippi, 18 Feb., 1862 ; dropped from the rolls, 5 Nov., 1862. THE ENLISTED MEN. 423 JEWETT, John J. 31. Ipswich, Mass. Merchant. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Wounded in breast, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; died in consequence, 5 July, 1863, at Gettys burg. JOHNSON, Albert F. 18. Westminster, Mass. Chairmaker. 20 May, 1861. Wounded, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; discharged in consequence, 26 March, 1862. KIMBALL, Daniel. 26. Newbury, Mass. Mechanic. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. KNIGHTS, John. 19. Lyman, Me. Farmer. 28 May, 1861. Kenuebunk, Me. Died of typhoid fever, 7 Feb., 1862, at Frederick, Md. KNOX, Rufus. 32. Ipswich, Mass. Shoemaker. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Wounded in side, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Jan., 1864. LANDRIGAN, James R. 19. Clonnu-1, Ireland. Moulder. 15 May, 1861. Haydenville. Discharged for disability (from accident), 14 Oct., 1861. LANE, Timothy C. 21. Manchester, N.H. Machinist. 23 May, 1861. Manchester, N.H. Enlisted in Third United- States Artillery, 16 Feb., 1863. LAWLESS, John. 31. Athboy, Ireland. Laborer. 30 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Discharged for disability, 9 Aug., 1861. LE BARON, Charles. 26. Mobile, Ala. Painter. 17 May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, 30 Sept., 1861. LIVINGSTONE, Asher. 18. Canaan, Ct. Blacksmith. 30 May, 1861. Lee. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. LOGAN, William. 20. Galway, Ireland. Operative. 30 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Corporal, 27 Nov., 1861; sergeant, 15 April, 1862. Wounded in each leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; discharged in consequence, Nov., 1862. LORD, Caleb. H. 20. Ipswich, Mass. Clerk. 8 Aug., 424 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. 1862. Ipswich. Corporal, 1 June, 1863; sergeant, 10 Oct., 1863 ; first sergeant, 27 Nov., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. LORD, Moses G. 42. Ipswich, Mass. Cabinet-maker. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 8 Feb., 1864. LORD, Nathaniel. 44. Ipswich, Mass. Carpenter. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Discharged for disability, 9 March, 1863. Low, Winthrop. 30. Ipswich, Mass. Shoemaker. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Discharged for disability, 22 Dec., 1862. LUCY, Daniel. 33. Ireland. Laborer. 13 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MARTIN, Henry. 24. London, England. Steward. 22 May, 1861. Boston. Taken prisoner, 4 May, 1 862, near Harrisonburg, Va. ; returned to parole camp ; discharged for disability, Sept., 1862. MCCARTHY, John. 20. Cork, Ireland. Laborer. 15 May, 1861. East Boston. Corporal, 27 Nov., 1861. Wounded in foot, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; re turned to duty, 29 Nov., 1862. Died of bronchitis, 28 Dec., 1862, at Frederick, Md. MCDONALD, John. 19. Lansingburg, N.Y. Farmer. 29 May, 1861. Lee. Wounded in neck, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; not disabled. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. McDoxALD, William. 25. Dover, England. Paper- maker. 29 May, 1861. Lee. Corporal, 14 Oct., 1861 ; sergeant, 27 Oct., 1862, to 11 Oct., 1863. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; returned to duty, 14 Sept. Transferred to Invalid Corps, Jan., 1864. MclNTOSH, Augustus. 20. Brookline, N.H. Paper-maker. May, 1861. Ashburnham. Detailed as company cook, in 1862. Corporal, 1 March, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. THE ENLISTED MEN. 45 McMuLLEN, Michael. 23. Aghrim, Ireland. Laborer. 11 July, 1861. Eastern. Wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. Wounded 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam ; never returned. Dropped from the rolls, in Aug., 1863. MILLER, Jacob. 22. Baden, Germany. Baker. 17 July, 1862. Boston. Discharged for disability, 26 April, 1863. MINER, Addison C. 18. Lee, Mass. Farmer. 29 May, 1861. Lee. Detailed as hospital attendant, 31 July, 1861, to 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. Mix, William T. 25. Fort Ann, N.Y. Machinist. 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Sergeant, 29 May, 1861 ; first sergeant, 27 June, 1861. Died of typhoid fever, 22 Jan., 1862, at Alexandria, Va. MONTAGUE, Benjamin F. 40. Leverett, Mass. Bootmaker. 26 May, 1861. Ashland. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. MORRIS, George. 19. Concord, Mass. Painter. 20 May, J861. Billerica. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. MULLANEY, James. 31. Ballough, Ireland. Blacksmith. 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Detailed as regimental blacksmith, 7 July, 1861, to 15 May, 1862; and 31 July, 1862. Detached as brigade blacksmith, 18 Oct., 1862. Absent in hospital, 28 May, 1864, when mustered out. MULLANEY, Michael. 21. Ballough, Ireland. Stone-cutter. 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Died of consumption, 27 Dec., 1861, at Frederick, Md. MULLER, John F. 32. Crunitschau, Saxony. Weaver. 27 May, 1861. Boston. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. MUNROE, John. 19. Boston, Mass. Farmer. 22 May, 1861. Charlestown (Chelsea?). Company musician, 22 May, 1861. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. MURRAY, Jeremiah. 21. Dover, N.H. Shoemaker. 13 May, 1861. Salem. Corporal, 1 July, 1861; color- corporal, 4 July, 1862. Taken prisoner at Cedar Moun- 426 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. tain; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Enlisted in Third United-States Artillery, 14 Feb., 1863. NEVELLE, James. 31. St. John, N.B. Gasfitter. 20 May, 1861. Boston. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 7 Oct., 1862. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; returned to duty, 9 Dec., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. NICHOLS, William O. 26. Ipswich, Mass. Mechanic. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Discharged for disability, 2 April, 1863. O BoYLE, Patrick. 24. Mayo, Ireland. Laborer. 27 May, 1861. Boston. Discharged for disability, 4 June, 1862. PEASE", Franklin C. 18. Halifax, Mass. Laborer. 13 May, 1861. Northampton. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 1 Aug., 1863. PEELER, Albert S. 21. Springfield, Mass. Farmer. 15 May, 1861. Brattleboro , Vt. Wounded in hand, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 6 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PEELER, David L. 24. Vernon, Vt. Farmer. 14 May, 1861. Brattleboro , Vt. Corporal, 11 Oct., 1863. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. PERKINS, Lafayette. 20. Manchester, N.H. Farmer. 25 May, 1861. Northampton. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Wounded in thigh, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; returned to duty, 19 Oct., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. PETERSEN, Hans P. 41. Copenhagen, Denmark. Book keeper. 13 May, 1861. Boston. A soldier in the Danish service in the war of 1848. First sergeant, 13 May, 1861, to 27 June, 1861. Detached as clerk in brigade commissary department, 23 July, 1861, to . . July, 1863. Detailed as regimental armorer, 28 July, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN. PHIPPS, Rufus G. 24. Framingham, Mass. Clerk. 27 May, 1861. Framingham. Sergeant, May, 1861, to 29 Dec., 1861. Detailed as company clerk, 15 Jan., 1862. Detached as clerk at General Hospital,.! June, 1862, to 19 June, 1862. Detached as clerk at division headquarters, 30 July, 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PICKARD, David. 43. Rowley, Mass. Teamster. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Detailed as company cook, 1 Oct., 1862. Wounded in leg, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg; dis charged in consequence, January, 1864. PORTER, George E. 28. Bridgeport, Conn. Merchandise- broker. 15 May, 1861. Boston. Sergeant, 15 May, 1861, to 1 July, 1861. Wounded slightly in leg, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. PRATT, John A. 40. Portland, Me. Dyer. 11 Aug., 1862. Winooski, Vt. Transferred to Company K, from Company H, 24 Oct., 1862. Company musician. Re- enlisted. See Second Term. RADELL, William. 19. Siockbridge, Mass. Scholar. 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Enlisted as company musi cian, 29 May, 1861. Detailed as adjutant s orderly, . . Sept., 1861; as regimental clerk, 12 May, 1862. Mus tered out 28 May, 1864. RATHBURN, Joseph C. 29. Stockbridge, Mass. Carpenter. 29 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Corporal, 29 May, 1861; sergeant, 1 Feb., 1862, to 25 Sept., 1862. Killed in action, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville. RIVERS, Lewis. 24. East Philipsburg, C.E. Shoemaker. 23 May, 1861. West Boylston. Corporal, 1 July, 1861, to 27 Nov., 1861 ; and again, . . Nov., 1862; color-cor poral. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. ROBERT, Leon. 25. Montreal, C.E. Teacher. 25 May, 1861. Montreal, C.E. Discharged for disability, 17 Oct., 1861. ROBERTS, John R. 24. Sheldon, Vt. Farmer. 25 May, 1861. East Boylston. Detached as pioneer to First 428 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Division, 6 April, 1862, to 5 Aug., 1862. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. ROBERTSON, John H. 28. Batavia, N.Y. Moulder. 27 May, 1861. Lowell. Deserted 30 Aug., 1863. ROBINSON, Delano. 20. Union, Me. Shoemaker. 25 May, 1861. Lynn. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. SANBORN, Wheelock. 19. Bethlehem, N.H. Mechanic. 18 May, 1861. Manchester, N.H. Wounded in both legs, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned to duty, 4 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. SANGER, Egbert. 25. Barrington, Mass. Paper-maker. 29 May, 1861. Lee. Detailed as company cook, 3 Oct., 1862. Detailed to division ambulance corps, 29 Oct., 1862. Detached as hospital attendant in Washington, 2 June, 1863. Discharged . . Jan., 1864. SAXTON, Orin D. 23. Stamford, Vt. Farmer. 15 May, 1861. Easthampton. Discharged for disability, 24 April, 1862. SCHAEFFER, Frederick. 27. Ilsfesdlt, Germany. Baker. 27 May, 1861. Chelsea. Detailed bugler, . . Oct., 1861. Wounded in knee, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; dis charged in consequence, 2 Oct., 1862. SKINNER, Charles M. 28. Royalston, Vt. Weaver. 14 Oct., 1861. Lowell. Wounded in shoulder, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; returned to duty, 14 Aug., 1862. Taken prisoner, 25 July, 1863, near White Plains, Va. ; mustered out at parole camp, 14 Oct., 1864. SNOOK, John F. 21. Mallow, Ireland. Shoemaker. 24 May, 1861. North Abiugton. Re-enlisted. See Sec ond Term. SPRINGER, William A. 43. Robbinston, Me. Lumber man. 22 May, 1861, Campton, N.H. Taken prisoner, 25 May, 1862, at Winchester; returned to duty, 25 Oct., 1862. Taken prisoner, 2 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 12 Oct., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. THE ENLISTED MEN. 429 STANDISH, Miles. 28. Foxboro , Mass. Shoemaker. 25 May, 1861. Bridge water. Taken prisoner, 14 Aug., 1862; dropped from the rolls, 17 Oct., 1862; returned; term prolonged ; mustered out 26 July, 1865. STEVENS, William. 44. Calais, Me. Baker. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Discharged for disability, 22 June, 1863. STOCKBRIDGE, Lebbeus. 35. Hanover, Mass. Farmer. 25 May, 1861. Hanover. Appointed master wagoner, 3 July, 1861. Appointed quartermaster-sergeant, 2 Dec., 1862, which position he held until 1 April, 1863, while absent sick. Discharged for disability, 27 Jan., 1864. SULLIVAN, Timothy. 19. Chelsea, Mass. Shoemaker. 22 May, 1861. Ashland. Enlisted in United-States Artil lery, 8 Nov., 1862. TEN NEY, Albert. 21. Ipswich, Mass. Farmer. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. TOZER, William H. 27. Ipswich, Mass. Shoemaker. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Corporal, 21 Nov., 1862; ser geant, 27 Nov., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. TULLY, Prescott W. 27. Billeriea, Mass. Farmer. 17 May, 1861. Lowell. Detailed wagoner, 5 July, 1861. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. TYE, James. 19. Tewksbury, Mass. Laborer. 24 May, 1861. Tewksbury. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. VAIL, John. 19. Tipperary, Ireland. Printer. 14 May, 1861. Hadley. Corporal, 14 May, 1861, to 16 June, 1862, when returned to the ranks at his own request. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; re turned to duty, 23 Oct., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. VANCE, Lorin A. 18. Groton, Vt. Farmer. October, 1861. Lowell. Wounded in hand, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; returned to duty, 4 Oct., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. VOLL, Andrew. 30. Volkershausen, Saxony. Brass-fin- 430 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. isher. 25 May, 1861. Boston. A soldier in the service of Saxony for five years, a corporal ; wounded in the war of 1848 ; also in the English service a year and a half, in the German legion sent to the Crimea. CoVporal, 1 Aug., 1861 ; sergeant, 25 Sept., 1862. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. WADE, David L. 41. Ipswich, Mass. Carpenter. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Wounded, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; died in consequence, 26 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. WATSON, Thomas. 35. Paisley, Scotland. Machinist. 23 May, 1861. West Boylston. Killed in action, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. WEBBER, George H. 19. Chicopee, Mass. Farmer. 15 May, 1861. Chicopee. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. WEBBER, Moses. 32. Shapleigh, Me. Bootmaker. 8 Aug., 1862. Ipswich. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. WEBER, Frederick. 22. Baden, Germany. Baker. 17 July, 1862. Boston. Detailed as company cook, Nov., 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. WELCH, Thomas. 20. Southboro , Mass. Operative. 18 May, 1861. Manchester. Wounded in breast, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned to duty, 30 July, 1863. Re-enlisted. See Second Term. WHITE, William L. 26. North Adams, Mass. Paper- maker. 29 May, 1861. South Lee. Corporal, 29 May, 1861 ; sergeant, 14 Oct., 1861 ; first sergeant, 27 Oct., 1862. Wounded in arm, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville; transferred to Invalid Corps, 15 Nov., 1863. WHITEHEAD, Benjamin. 19. Barrington, Mass. Painter. 19 May, 1861. Stockbridge. Discharged for disability, 3 Feb., 1862. WILSON, Alexander C. 25. Lee, Mass. Laborer. 29 May, 1861. Lee. Wounded in chest, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam; discharged in consequence, 6 March, 1863. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 431 THE MEN OF THE SECOND TERM OF SERVICE. 1 COMPANY A. VETERANS. DUNNELL, Charles S. Company musician. Absent sick, at Worcester, Mass., 27 July, 1865, when mustered out. HARLOW, Edwin. Transferred, 1 July, 1864, to E, which see. 1 It will be understood that the following list does not include the names of all men who were in service during the time covered by the second term, which began 1 Jan., 1864, and, of course, not all casualties. The term of the men not re-enlisting, who entered the service in 1861, continued to 28 May, 1864; and that of some of those who enlisted in 1862 continued for three full years, and of course into the year 1865. Those who enlisted in the autumn of 1S61 were held only to the conclusion of the regular term ending in May, 1864. Those who enlisted in 1862, prior to the date of 3 despatch of the Secretary of War in the summer, were held for three full years, notwith standing they enlisted on an agreement with the mustering officer that they were to serve only until the expiration of the regular term. The Government, in 1864, repudiated the contract of its own officers. -In the summer of 1862, Governor Andrew, to assure all enlisting men, communicated with the War Department, and received a reply from the Secretary of War, agreeing to this plan. But when the time came to muster out, in 1864, it was diffi cult to convince the War Department of such an agreement. When it was convinced, it insisted that the agreement was not a general one, covering the enlistments taking place at that time, although its officers had so pledged ; but could operate only on those enlisted subsequently to that date. Hence the list of men in the first term of service includes quite a number who con tinued on in the period of the second term, and made the regiment larger than this list would cause it to appear. When no date of muster-out is given, "26 July, 1865," is to be understood. 43 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. HASTINGS, Charles. Sergeant, 1 July, 1864 ; first sergeant, 1 July, 1865. Appointed second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mustered in. See Commissioned Officers. Mus tered out 26 July, 1865. McALPiNE, William T. Sergeant. Detached on recruiting service, 13 April, 1864. First lieutenant, 24 May, 1864. See Commissioned Officers. MILKS, William H. Sergeant ; sergeant-major, 15 July, 1864; first lieutenant, 15 April, 1865. See Commis sioned Officers. PENDERGAST, Richard. First sergeant. Wounded in arm, 20 Dec., 1864, in S.C. First lieutenant, to date from 23 Oct., 1864. See Commissioned Officers. TRIPP, James E. Deserted 22 Feb., 1864. WILSON, Foster. Corporal, 1 July, 1864; sergeant, 1 Oct., 1864. Mustered out 26 July, 1865. RECRUITS. ACKLEY, George W. 31. East Machias, Me. Seaman. 28 May, 1864. East Machias, Me. Lanesboro * Sick in hospital, Nashville, Tenn. No further record. BABCOCK, Frederick. 22. Schenectady, N.Y. Cigar- maker, 1 June, 1864. Schenectady, N.Y. Tewksbury. Deserted 5 July, 1864. BARTSH, Emil. 22. Germany. Merchant. 24 June, 1864. New York. Dudley. Discharged for disability, at Wor cester, 25 May, 1865. BEAL, Edward. 20. Jonesport, Me. Seaman. 11 June, 1864. Jonesport, Me. Westminster. Sick in hospital, at Worcester, Mass. No further record. BERRY, Charles 0. 20. Pittsfield, Mass. Machinist. 8 1 The same order of items is observed as noted on page 298, with the addition of the name of town or city to whose quota the man was assigned. Thus, after " East Machias, Me.," which denotes the residence, is " Lanes boro ," which denotes the town on whose quota Ackley enlisted. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 433 June. 1864. Pittsfield. Salisbury. Corporal, 27 Dec. 1864. Taken prisoner in the North-Carolina campaign- No further record. BIERMAN, Ludwig. 30. Germany. Farmer. 6 July, 1864. New York. Chelsea. Deserted 15 Aug., 1864. BOCHMEK, Frederick. 23. Germany. Druggist. 10 May, 1864. New York. Chelsea. Taken prisoner in the North-Carolina campaign. No further record. BOHRDT, Albert. 19. Germany. Shopkeeper. 27 June, 1864. Boston. Holyoke. Clerk at brigade head quarters, at Washington, D.C. Mustered out. BRYAN, Henry. 26. Germany. Soldier. 29 July, 1864. Boston. Shrewsbury. Mustered out 26 July, 1865. CASEY, John. 23. Tipperary, Ireland. Moulder. 1 June, 1864. Jersey City, N.J. Tewksbury. Deserted 16 July, 1864. COKTHEN, Arthur. 19. Prussia. Clerk. 6 May, 1864. Chelsea. Chelsea. Corporal, 27 Dec., 1864. Wounded, 22 July, 1864, in front of Atlanta. Wounded in thigh, severely, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. In hospital at Worcester, 26 June, 1865, when discharged for dis ability. COLLINS, Richard. 31. Ireland. Sailor. 7 June, 1864. Boston. Northampton. Deserted 16 Sept., 1864. ERHART, Emil. 25. Bavaria. Clerk. 18 July, 1864. Bavaria. Amesbury. No further record. FORCE, Silas. 23 28 Nov., 1864. Medway. Medway. Mustered out 26 July, 1865. HALPIN, Thomas. 20 5 May, 1864. Bos ton. Stockbridge. Discharged for disability, 15 May, 1865. HANLEY(Hadley?). 25. Ireland. Soldier. 7 June, 1864. New York. Northampton. Deserted 16 Sept., 1864. HARRIS, Benjamin F. 19. ...... n Jan., 1865. Lowell. Lowell Mustered out 26 July, 1865. HAUG, John. 20. Germany. Laborer. 18 June, 1864. 28 434 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. New York. Holyoke. Taken prisoner in the North- Carolina campaign. No further record. HAYWARD, James A. 18. Boston. Clerk. 25 April, 1864. Campello. Boston. Corporal, 25 June, 1865. Mustered out 26 July, 1865. HAYWARD, William ... Deserted 4 April, 1865. HOLLAND, Charles. 19. New York. Spinner. 22 July, 1864. . . . R.I. Chelsea. Mustered out. HOMNAUG (Horning, Adj.-Gen.), Frederick. 21. Prussia. Clerk. 30 June, 1864. Prussia. Holyoke. Deserted 8 Aug., 1864. HOWARD, William. 26. England. Laborer. 8 June, 1864. Albany, N.Y. Boylston. Taken prisoner in the North-Carolina campaign. Discharged, 12 June, 1865, by order of War Department. JOHNSON, William. 35. Sweden. Seaman. 29 June, 1864. Cincinnati, Ohio. Lee. No further record. KERNER, Christopher. 21. ... Locksmith. 17 Aug., 1864. Boston. West Springfield. Disharged 29 June, 1865. KINEMAN, Charles. 23. Germany. Clerk. 30 June, 1864. New York. Roxbury. Deserted 8 Aug., 1864. KLEIN, Carlos. 20. Germany. Baker. 20 June, 1864. New York. Shelburne. No further record. KOLBB, Francis. 30. Switzerland. Waiter. 30 June, 1864. New York. Roxbury. Deserted 8 Aug., 1864. KRATT, Joseph. 25. Wiirtemberg. Tailor. 14 July, 1864. New York. Wellfleet. No further record. KUNZ, Ferdinand. 25. ... Merchant. 20 Dec., 1864. Philadelphia, Penn. New Marlboro . Mustered out. LORENZ, Franz. 33. . . . Soldier. 16 Aug., 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Prisoner, 12 Feb., 1865, to March, 1865. Mustered out 26 July, 1865. MAHONY, Timothy ... Joined for duty, 8 Jan., 1865. Mustered out. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 435 MCLAUGHLIN, Michael S. M . . . Deserted . . . McMEE, Alexander. 25. Nova Scotia. Blacksmith. 13 June, 1864. Ireland. Dudley. Died in hospital, 17 Aug., 1864. MILLER, John. 20. Switzerland. Laborer. 18 June, 1864. Erie, Penn. Chelsea. Deserted 18 Sept., 1864. MOORE, John. 23. Jeffersonville, Ind. Farmer. 13 July, 1864. New York. Wellneet. Mustered out. MORO, Joseph. 23. Corsica. Soldier. 6 May, 1864. Corsica. Chelsea. " Honorably mentioned," 30 July, 1864. Wounded in leg, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. In hospital at Worcester, 30 May, 1865, when discharged for disability. NEVILLE, Patrick. 20. Ireland. Laborer. 11 June, 1864. Brooklyn, N.Y. Chelsea. Deserted 17 Sept., 1864. NICHOLS, Thomas H. 18. Nova Scotia. Farmer. 5 May, 1864. Elgin, C.E. Chesterfield. Mustered out. PEHMOLLER, Richard. 22. Germany. Clerk. 22 July, 1864. Boston. . . . Deserted 15 Aug., 1864. RAND, David C. 37. Salem, Mass. Gas-manufacturer. 26 Feb., 1864. Lowell. Lowell. In hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. SCHMIDT, Joseph. 20. Germany. Clerk. 11 July, 1864. . . . Salisbury. Deserted 7 June, 1865. SCHMIDTGREELER (Schnudgueder, (Adj.- Gen.), John. 24 . . . Butcher. 14 Sept., 1864. Boston. Lowell. Taken prisoner; was wounded, March, 1865 (leg ampu tated), in attempting to escape from prison at -Florence, S.C. ; discharged for disability, 25 May, 1866 (1865?). SCHULER, Frederick. 25. ... Plumber. 17 Aug., 1864. Boston. West Springfield. Deserted 17 June, 1865. SCHULTZ, Edmund. 29. Germany. Tinsmith. 7 May, 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Sick in hospital at Nash ville. No further record. SEPPELLER, Richard. 26. ... Clerk. 1 Nov., 1864. Boston. Chicopee. Mustered out 26 July, 1865. 436 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. SHERWOOD, Charles. 21. Canada. Boatman. 2 June, 1864. Canada West. Southbridge. Deserted 5 July, 1864. SIEGRIST, John. 22. Germany. Carpenter. 25 June, 1864. Boston. Royalston. Mustered out. SMITH, Henry. 28. Germany. Hatter. 30 June, 1864. . . . Holyoke. Wounded in leg, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough ; discharged in consequence, 30 May, 1865. SMITH, James. 20. . . . Laborer. 11 June, 1864. Brooklyn, N.Y. Chelsea. No further record. SOLOMON, Maurice. 36. Poland. Machinist. 11 May, 1864. New York. Stockbridge. Corporal, 27 Aug., 1864. Sergeant, 27 Dec., 1864. Mustered out. SOMMERS, Henry. 20. Germany. Clerk. 10 Aug., 1864. Philadelphia, Penn. Lowell. Deserted . . . SPEISER, Henry. 21. Germany. Tinsmith. 8 June, 1864. Boston. Northampton. No further record. STOWE, Henry A. 26. Nova Scotia. Car-maker. 23 May, 1864. P.E. Island. Maiden. In hospital, 1 June, 1865, when discharged. THOMPSON, William. 21. Ireland. Steward. 5 July, 1864. Jersey City, N.J. Chelsea. Deserted 8 Aug., 1864. WARREN, Michael. 21. Ireland. Laborer. 30 June, 1864. Rondout, N.Y. Holyoke. Deserted 2 Dec., 1864. WEBER, John. 39. Germany. Seaman. 25 June, 1864. Boston. Royalston. Claimed by One Hundred and Nineteenth New York, 11 Sept., 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 437 COMPANY B. VETERANS. BOWLEY, Leander G. Sergeant. Appointed first ser geant, 1 July, 1864; second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mustered in. See Commissioned Officers. Mustered out. CLARK, William W. Transferred, on re-enlisting to K, which see. CRESSON, James F. Mustered out. GOULD, John. Wounded in arm, severely, 22 June, 1864, at Kenesaw, and sent to General Hospital ; discharged in consequence, 24 May, 1865. GREEN, William R. Mustered out. HORGAN, Michael. Deserted 22 Feb., 1864. JOHNSON, Thomas. Color-corporal. Sergeant, 2 June, 1864, and color-sergeant to 25 June, 1865. Deserted 26 June, 1865. NEWMAN, Charles H. Transferred to C, which see. PETERSEN, Andrew S. Wounded in elbow, severely, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. Absent in hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. REARDON, Daniel. Was mustered out 28 May, 1864, but re-enlisted, 9 Sept., 1864, in the same company. Corporal, 1 Feb., 1865, to ... 1865; again, 5 June, 1865, "for universal good conduct." Mustered out 9 June, 1865. SMITH, Reuben. Corporal, 1 July, 1864 ; sergeant, 10 Sept., 1864. Wounded in arm, severely, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough ; in hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. TAYLOR, George L. (John ?). Detailed to ambulance corps. No further record. 438 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. RECRUITS. ALEXANDER, John. 24. ... Laborer. 28 June, 1864. Canada. Holyoke. Sick in hospital at Nashville ; no further record. ALLA, Christian. 24. Germany. Farmer. 14 July, 1864. Thompsonville, Ct. Roxbury. Mustered out. BARTLETT, Wesley L. 18. Windsor, Mass. Laborer. 21 Dec., 1863. Middlefield. Middlefield. Mustered out, BILLINGS, Thomas E. 18. Lynnfield, Mass. Farmer. 9 Dec., 1863. Lunenburg. Leominster. Transferred, 3 March, 1864, to D, which see. BLISS, George. 19. Seymour, Ct. Farmer. 21 Dec., 1863. Middlefield. Middlefield. Mustered out. BORRIS, Thomas. 25. Ireland. Laborer. 14 May, 1864. Boston. Dorchester. In penitentiary at Nashville, when the regiment was mustered out. BROWN, Lebricht. 22. ... Soldier. 14 July, 1864. New York. Douglas. Mustered out. BRUNS, Wilhelm. 22. Germany. Clerk. 1 Aug., 1864. Boston. Plymouth. Prisoner, 27 Nov., 1864, to 27 April, 1865. Mustered out. BURTON, Abraham. 36. ... Joiner. 1 Nov., 1864- Boston. Roxbury. Mustered out. BUTLER, Henry C. 20. Boston, Mass. Laborer. 31 May, 1864. Boston. Winchendon. Deserted 18 Aug., 1864. CALLAHAN, John. 24. Boston, Mass. Laborer. 8 July, 1864. Boston. Templeton. Mustered out. CARROLL, Patrick. 21. ... Cooper. 11 Aug., 1864. Jersey City, N.J. Lowell. In hospital when the regi ment was mustered out. COLLINS, George. 33. Colchester, Vt. Cabinet-maker. 31 March, 1864. Colchester, Vt. Brookline. Died of disease, 26 March, 1865, at Goldsborough, N.C. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 439 DE FORNEY (De Ferong, Adj.- Gen.), Edward M. 28. Aus tria. Architect. 5 July, 1864. Hungary. Lynn. Corporal, 10 Sept., 1864. Deserted 23 Nov., 1864. DIETRICH, Julius. 31. Prussia. Surgeon. 29 June, 1864. Prussia. Barre. Died of disease, 31 Aug., 1864, in division hospital. DUNKIN, George. 39. Canada. Farmer. 1 July, 1864. Cario (Cairo?), N.Y. South Danvers. Died of dis ease, 15 Sept., 1864, at Atlanta. FAGAN, George. 18. Cambridge, Mass. Porter. 19 Feb., 1864. Boston. Dedham. Deserted 26 June, 1865. FUNEY, E . . . . D. Appears, by monthly report, as having joined ; but no further record. GREGG, Thomas. 37. ... Boatman. 23 Dec., 1864. Oswego, N.Y. Shelburne. Deserted 26 June, 1865. HANSON, Randolph. 22. Germany. Carpenter. 28 July, 1864. Prussia. Winchendon. Deserted 17 Jan., 1865. HEANY, James. 44. Ireland. Farmer. 1 June, 1864. Newberg, N.Y. Kingston. Died on the march, 15 Feb., 1865. HOLLINGS WORTH, Alexander A. J. 21. West Indies. Clerk. 28 April, 1864. New Jersey. Roxbury. Sent to hospital, 12 Sept., 1864, and there mustered out, 7 July, 1865. HOUGHTON, Josiah S. 18. Chelsea, Mass. Farmer. 9 Dec., 1863. Leominster. Leominster. Transferred, 3 March, 1864, to D, which see. KAMM, John. 26. ... Baker. 12 July, 1864. Ger many. Wellfleet. Deserted 26 Nov., 1864. LYNCH, Richard. 19. Utica, N.Y. Driver. 23 June, 1864. Utica, N.Y. Leicester. In hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. MADDEN, Daniel H. 21. Fall River, Mass. Soldier. 14 June, 1864. Fall River. Chelsea. Deserted 25 June, 1865. 440 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. MARX, Peter. 40. Germany. Tailor. 12 Aug., 1864. Boston. Westminster. Deserted 23 Sept., 1864. MCCARTHY, James. 24. ... Laborer. 26 Jan., 1865. Boston. Charlestown. Mustered out. MILLER, Henry. 35. Prussia. Soldier. 18 July, 1864. Brunswick, N.J. Wellfleet. Mustered out. MYERS (Meyers ?), John. 21. Albany, N.Y. Coppersmith. 11 June, 1864. New York. Boston. Deserted 21 Aug., 1864. NITZ, William. 20. Germany. Blacksmith. 25 June, 1864. Prussia. Royalston. Killed in action, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. O NEILL, John. 23. Nova Scotia. No occupation. 9 June, 1864. St. John s, N.B. Chelsea. Deserted 1 Aug., 1864. PETERSON, John. 21. ... Silver-plater. 23 June, 1864. Hartford, Ct. Harvard. Transferred, Aug., 1864, to Thirty-third Massachusetts. REARDON, Thomas. 33. ... Laborer. 12 Nov., 1864. Boston. Dorchester. Mustered out. RILEY, Thomas. 21. England. Shoemaker. 14 June, 1864. Fall River. Northampton. Deserted 21 Aug., 1864. ROBERTS, Thomas. 20. England. Carpenter. 7 July, 1864. New York. Chelsea. Deserted 13 Aug., 1864. ROBBINS, Charles W. 19. Middlefield, Mass. Farmer. 31 Dec., 1863. Pittsfield. Middlefield. Died at Louis ville, Ky., on the way to the regiment. ROBBINS, George R. 18. Middlefield, Mass. Farmer. 31 Dec., 1863. Pittsfield. Middlefield. Corporal, 10 Aug., 1864. Mustered out. ROBINSON, John. 21. Albany, N.Y. Farmer. 19 May, 1864. Boston. Sutton. Deserted 15 July, 1864. RYAN, John. 20. Patterson, N.J. Machinist. 6 June, 1864. Patterson, N.J. Northampton. Deserted 18 Jan., 1865. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 441 SMITH, FRANK ("true name, Peter Millen"). 23. . . . Clerk. 27 July, 1864. Boston. Winchendon. Died of disease, 19 Nov., 1864, at Chattanooga. SMITH, Henry. 21. Ireland. Baker. 8 June, 1864. New York. Northampton. Corporal, 1 Sept., 1864, to 13 Nov., 1864. Mustered out. SMITH, James. 28. New York. Blacksmith. 10 May, 1864. Patterson, N.J. Chelsea. Wounded in thigh (leg amputated). 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough ; in hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. SMITH (Sinidt, Adj. -Gen.), John. 20. Ireland. Farmer. 2 June, 1864. Quebec, C.E. Southbridge. Deserted 15 July, 1864. SMITH, John. 19. ... Caulker. 17 June, 1864. Can ada. Princeton. No further record. SULLIVAN, Florence. 21. Ireland. Laborer. 29 June, 1864. New York. Barre. Sent to hospital, 13 Sept., 1864. In hospital at Evansville, Ind., when mustered out. SYLVIA, John. 30. Italy. Sailor. 16 Dec., 1863. Italy. Brookline. Discharged; no date given. TAVEY, J . . . D. Joined, as by monthly report, but no further record. VAN METER, Charles E. 22. Frankfort, Ky. Student. 14 May, 1864. Staten Island, N.Y. South Hadley.- Deserted 4 Nov., 1864. WILKINSON, Benjamin A. 18. ... Farmer. 25 April, 1864. Sharon. Boston. Mustered out. WILLIAMS, David. 21. London, Eng. Sawyer. 7 July, 1864. Philadelphia, Penu. Winchendon. Deserted 17 Aug., 1864. 44 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. COMPANY C. VETERANS. ABORN, Sylvester P. Wounded in leg, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca, and died in consequence, 25 May. Buried at Chattanooga. BAILEY, Edwin A. Mustered out. BURNHAM, Amos P. Corporal. Mustered out. CASEY, David. Sergeant. Commissary-sergeant, 1 July, 1864, "for long and meritorious services." See Non-com missioned Staff. CLOONEY, John J. Company musician. Deserted 22 Feb., 1864. Afterwards enlisted elsewhere. DUFFY, James. Mustered out. EDWARDS, Charles W. Sergeant. First sergeant, 5 June, 1865 ; second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mustered in. See Commissioned Officers. Mustered out. GILD AY, Edward. Mustered out. GOULD, Benjamin F. Wagoner in January, 1865. Mus tered out. HENNESY, David. Mustered out. JUNKHE, Charles. Corporal, 2 June, 1864. Mustered out. KENDALL, Webster A. Transferred from F, on re-enlisting. Mustered out. KNEELAND, Josiah M. Mustered out. LARRY, Daniel. Deserted 11 Nov., 1864. MAGEE, William. Mustered out. MAGUIRE, James. Corporal. Sergeant, 2 June, 1864. Mustered out. MAYNARD, William W. Mustered out. MCCARTHY, John. Corporal, 15 July, 1864, to 22 June, 1865. Mustered out. MOORE, William A. Mustered out. MORGAN, William F. Sergeant. Mustered out. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 443 MURRAY, James M. Corporal, 2 June, 1864. Wounded in wrist, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Killed in action, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. NEWMAN, Charles H. Transferred to C from B. Killed in action, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. OLIVER, John H. Mustered out. PEABODY, David. Deserted 22 Feb., 1864. PIERCE, John B. Mustered out. PRESCOTT, James M. Transferred from D, on re-enlisting. Mustered out. REGAN, John. Discharged for disability, 30 June, 1865. ROWE, John M. Corporal. Wounded, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca, and died in consequence, 5 June. Buried at Chat tanooga. SHEA, John J. Corporal, 5 June, 1865. Deserted 3 July, 1865. STEWART, John. Hospital attendant, January, 1865. Mus tered out. STRAFFORD, James M. First sergeant to 5 June, 1865, when made sergeant in absence. Discharged, in hospital, 26 June, 1865. TENNEY, Albert. Transferred from K, on re-enlisting. Wounded in breast, 20 July, 1864, at Peach-tree Creek. Mustered out. WALLACE, Thomas (D. ?). Hospital attendant, Jan., 1865. Discharged for disability, 30 June, 1865. RECRUITS. ANDERSON, James. 25. England. Soldier. 1 July, 1864. England. Barre. Deserted 13 Aug., 1864. DINSDALE, George. 32. England. Soldier. 29 June, 1864. England. Harvard. Deserted 13 Aug., 1864. HAGERTY, John. 23. Ireland. Laborer. 27 June, 1864. Albany, N.Y. Templeton. Mustered out. 444 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. HAYDEN, Charles. 24. England 1864. . . . ... Absent in hospital. No further record. LAMANT, Joseph. 22. Belgium. Clothier. 16 July, 1864. New York. Northampton. Mustered out. LANE, John. 23. ... Harness-maker. 19 July, 1864. Brooklyn, N.Y. Beverly. Deserted 22 June, 1865. MERRIAM, Wilder. 23. Westminster, Mass. Mechanic. 20 Feb., 1864. Gardner. Gardner. Detached to brig ade band. No further record. MILES, John F 1864. ... ... Transferred to Company K, which see. MORAN, Thomas. 21. New York. ... 25 June, 1864. Brooklyn, N.Y, South Hadley. Wounded in leg, 3 Aug., 1864, in front of Atlanta; in hospital; no further record. MUNSON, John. 22. New York. Plasterer. 9 June, 1864. Boston. ... Deserted 22 June, 1865. EOGERS, William. 21. Schuylkill County, Penn. Miner. 29 June, 1864. Pottsville, Penn. North Brookfield. Deserted 22 June, 1865. KYAN, William. 21. Elizabethport, N.J. Boatman. 16 June, 1864. Elizabethport, N.J. North Brookfield. Mus tered out. SCANLAN, Patrick. 29. ... Laborer. 29 Aug., 1864. Salem. Northampton. Mustered out. SCHNEIDER, Albert. 21. Wirtemberg, Germany. Watch maker. 16 July, 1864. Boston. Northampton. Taken prisoner in the North-Carolina campaign. Mustered out. SPENCER, John. 24. Wilmington, Del. Machinist. 5 July, 1864. Wilmington, Del. South Danvers. Mus tered out. WILTON, Harris. 22. Quebec, C.E. Seaman. 23 June, 1864. Boston. South Hadley. Absent in hospital. No further record. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 445 COMPANY D. VETERANS. ANDERSON, John E. Sergeant. Mustered out. BERRIGAN, Kerin. Died, 24 Feb., 1864, at Albany, N.Y., when the regiment was returning to the field. BILLINGS, Alfred. Mustered out. BLIVEN, Arthur J. Sergeant. Mustered out. BOOTH, Alvin O. Mustered out. BRUCE, George A. Corporal, 1 July, 1864, to 13 Nov., 1864; corporal again, 1 Jan., 1865, to 28 June, 1865. Mustered out. CROSBY, Reuben G. Hospital attendant, January, 1865. Mustered out. CURTIS, George S. Mustered out. EAGER, William O. Mustered out. FITZGIBBON, James C. Corporal. Mustered out. HEALD, Charles H. Corporal. Transferred, 28 May, 1864, to G, which see. HOUGHTON, Albert. Commissary department, 26 April, 1864. Prisoner in the North- Carolina campaign, 20 March, 1865, to 30 March, 1865. Mustered out, 12 June, 1865, by General Order 77. IHGRAM, Gilbert B. Mustered out. KING, Edward H. Mustered out. KING, Ossian M. -* Corporal. Sergeant, 1 Jan., 1865; First sergeant, 1 July, 1865. Wounded in thigh, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Mustered out. KINSMAN, Frederick. Appointed hospital steward, 1 April, 1865. See Non-commissioned Staff. LEAHY, Richard. Mustered out. LITCHFIRLD, Charles D. Mustered out. O BRIEN, James. Deserted 23 June, 1865. PRESCOTT, James M. Transferred, on re-enlisting, to C, which see. 446 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. REED, William H. Transferred, 1 July, 1864, to G, which see. SHATTUCK, Danforth. Taken prisoner at Waynesboro , 2 Feb., 1865; arrived at parole camp, 28 March, 1865. Mustered out 12 June, 1865. THOMPSON, Jedediah C. Sergeant. Wounded in foot, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. First lieutenant, 7 July, 1864. See Commissioned Officers. TIIURSTON, Thomas B. First sergeant. Sergeant-major, 1 July, 1865. See Non-commissioned Staff. TOOMBS, William D. Corporal, 15 July, 1864. Trans ferred 30 Jan., 1865, to G, which see. WEBBER, George H. Transferred, on re-enlisting, from K. Taken prisoner in the North-Carolina campaign. Mus tered out. RECRUITS. ALSEN (Olsten?), Peter. 25. ... Sailor. 23 June, 1864. Boston. Dudley. Deserted 30 July, 1864. ALSTON, Michael. 22. . . . Boatman. 15 June, 1864. Boston. Quincy. No further report. BILLINGS, Thomas E. Transferred, 3 March, 1864, from B. In hospital, at Jeffersonville, Ind., 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. BOHS, Bernhard. 22. Germany. Painter. 6 July, 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Transferred to K, which see. BLACK, Robert. 21. ... Shoemaker, 12 July, 1864. Kingston, C.W. Lynn. Deserted 23 Sept., 1864. BRADY, James. 21. ... Carpenter. 12 July, 1864. Montreal, C.E. Beverly. Mustered out. BUCHER, Siegfried. 24. Switzerland. Farmer. 20 July, 1864. Switzerland. Harwich. Mustered out. CARNEY, William. No record. Deserted 31 July, 1864. CARROLL, Michael. 21. ... Farmer. 7 July, 1864. Baltimore, Md. Chelsea. Deserted 8 Aug ., 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 447 CLAFFY, John. 19. ... Laborer. 18 Feb., 1865. Bos ton. Worcester. Mustered out. FOLEY, James. 30. St. John s, N.B. Sailor. 23 July, 1864. St. John s, N.B. Chelsea. Died of disease in Douglas Hospital, 24 June, 1865. GAYNOR, Patrick. 35. ... Clerk. 23 June, 1864. Boston. Boston. Mustered out. GEISSLER, Eugene. 19. Germany. Stone-cutter. 16 July, 1864. Boston. North Andover. Deserted 1 1 March, 1865. HATCH, Charles A. 21. Andover, Mass. Clerk. 29 July, 1864. Boston. Eastham. Mustered out. HEPPEL, Carl. 26. ... Machinist. 3 Oct., 1864. Bos ton. Roxbury. Deserted 25 June, 1865." HOUGHTON, Josiah S. 18. Chelsea, Mass. Farmer. 9 Dec., 1863. Leominster. Leominster. Transferred from B, 3 March, 1864. Mustered out, JONES, Everett. . . . Deserted 8 Aug., 1864. LANGE, Adolph. 26. ... Bookbinder. 1 Nov., 1864. Boston. Roxbury. Mustered out. MATONE, Johann Peter. 36. ... Painter. 3 Oct., 1864. Boston. Roxbury. Mustered out. McNANNY, Thomas. 19. Toronto, N.Y. Boatman. 25 July, 1864. New York. Leverett. Deserted 23 Sept., 1864. MELEY, James. . . . Deserted 4 Aug., 1864. MOORE, Thomas. 21. York County, Penn. Farmer. 22 July, 1864. St. Louis, Mo. Northampton. Deserted 23 Sept., 1864. MULLOY, Patrick. 26. ... Moulder. 20 July, 1864. Lowell. Harvard. No further record. PARKER, John M. 18. Pittsfield, Mass. Farmer. 25 July, 1864. Worthington. Worthington. Mustered out. SHOOTMETER (Schattonuller, Schattmuller?), Ignatz. 25. . . . Teamster. 6 Aug., 1864. Germany. Chelsea. In hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. 448 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. SHOTT, John. 32. ... Butcher. 5 July, 1864. Patter son, N.J. Lynn. Deserted 8 Aug., 1864. WASNER, Heinrich. 26. ... Butcher. 29 June, 1864. Germany. Barre. Deserted 8 Aug., 1864. WATERMAN, John. 20. Newark, N.J. Machinist. 14 July, 1864. Newark, N.J. North Brookfield. De serted 11 Nov., 1864. COMPANY E. VETERANS. DUNTON, Alonzo E. Sergeant to 22 June, 1864. Deserted 3 Aug., 1864. HARLOW, Edwin A. Transferred from A, 1 July, 1864. First sergeant, 1 July, 1864; second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mustered in. See Commissioned Officers. Mustered out. MATHER, Samuel A. Was mustered out 28 May, 1864, but re-enlisted 15 Au<*., 1864. Mustered out 11 June, 1865. RECRUITS. ARTER, Robert. 22. New Jersey. Brickmaker. 28 June, 1864. New Brainbridge, N.J. Holyoke. Deserted 12 Aug., 1864. BROWN, James. 23. ... Tailor. 16 July, 1864. Low ell. Lowell. Deserted 25 June, 1865. BROWN, John. 25. . . . Seaman, 25 June, 1864. Bos ton. Swampscott. Mustered out. BUTLER, James. 21. Whitehall, N.Y. Laborer. 7 May, 1864. Whitehall, N.Y. New Braintree. Corporal, 10 Sept., 1864. Absent in hospital when mustered out. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 449 CAFFREY, Edward. 20. Albany, N.Y. Painter. 10 June, 1864. New York. Chelsea. Wounded in head, 30 July, 1864, in front of Atlanta. Mustered out. GLAUS, Robert. 26. Prussia. Clerk. 7 May, 1864. New York. Boston. Deserted 3 Aug., 1864. COLE, Charles E. 19. ... Farmer. 10 Sept., 1864. Providence, R J. Lowell. Mustered out. CRONAN, Patrick. 25. Ireland. Laborer. 29 June, 1864. Ireland. Barre. Deserted 8 Aug., 1864 ; ar rested 10 Aug., 1864; in penitentiary at Nashville when the regiment was mustered out. DAVIS, Joseph. 25. Deny, Ireland. Pattern-maker. 25 June, 1864. New York. Swampscott. Deserted from provost guard, 9 Aug., 1864; arrested; in penitentiary at Nashville when the regiment was mustered out. FORD, John. 32. New York. Hatter. 13 July, 1864. New York. Wellfleet. Sick in hospital ; no further record. GREEN, William. 22. Lancaster, Penn. Machinist. 14 July, 1864. Frankfort, Penn. North Brookfield. De serted 9 Jan., 1865. GREY, Patrick. 37. ... Boiler-maker. 17 Aug., 1864. Boston. West Springfield. Mustered out. GUTHRIE, Henry A. (V. ?). 21. Stafford, Ct. Operative. 1 1 May, 1864. Stafford, Ct. Boston. Corporal, 1 June, 1865. Mustered out. HARPER, John. 31. Scotland. Laborer. 18 June, 1864. Boston. Holyoke. Quartermaster s clerk, 3 Nov., 1864. In hospital, 22 June, 1865, when mustered out. HENSHAW, James. 22. Manchester, Eng. Cooper. 8 June, 1864. Boston. Salisbury. Deserted 15 July, 1864. JOHNSON, George. 22. New Orleans, La. Sailor. 2 Aug., 1864. I-Iopkiiiton. Lowell. Deserted 12 Sept., 1864. KELLIHER, Timothy. 21. Boston, Mass. Shoemaker. 9 29 450 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. June, 1864. Deerfield. Deerfield. Deserted; no date given. LAMONT, Pierre. 29. ... Sailor. 3 Nov., 1864. New York. Easton. In hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mus tered out. LEONARD, George. 22. Baltimore, Md. Laborer. 1 July, 1864. Baltimore, Md. Holyoke. Deserted 12 Aug., 1864. LYNCH, Edward. 27. New York. Laborer. 21 June, 1864. New York. Savoy. Deserted 12 June, 1864. MATHER. Frederick A. 38. ... Bootmaker. 15 Aug., 1864. Milford. Milford. Mustered out 11 June, 1865. MATTESON, William E. 20. South Shaftsbury, Vt. Turner. 24 May, 1864. Vermont. Chelsea. Mustered out. McCAULEY, Henry. 35. Fermor, Ireland. Laborer. 23 April, 1864. Boston. Abington. Corporal, 1 July, 1864. Wounded in head, 30 July, 1864, in front of At lanta. Wounded in thigh, severely, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. In hospital, 17 June, 1865, when mus tered out. McTiERNEY (McTomey, Adj. -Gen.), John. 21. Yorkport, N.J. Farmer. 2 Aug., 1864. Jersey City, N.J. West minster. Deserted 15 Nov., 1864. MEHLER, Michael. 21. ... N.J. Laborer. 30 June, 1864. Boston. Royalston. Deserted 16 Aug., 1864 ; arrested 17 Aug. ; in penitentiary at Nashville when the regiment was mustered out. MICKEY, Edward. 18. Hamburg, Germany. Comb-maker. 9 May, 1864. New York. Boston. Company musi cian. Mustered out. MOORE, John. 26. Scotland. Moulder. 2 Aug., 1864. Cohoes, N.Y. Lowell. In hospital, 27 May, 1865, when discharged. MUNSOX, Charles. 21. Ireland. Expressman. 6 June, 1864. Philadelphia. Northampton. Wounded, seriously, 30 THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 451 July, 1864, in front of Atlanta. In hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. MUNSON, John. 22. New York. Carpenter. 7 July, 1864. Williamsburg, N.Y. Leicester. Deserted 13 Aug., 1864. MURPHY, Jeremiah. 19. Ireland. Boatman. 28 June, 1864. Montreal, C.E. Holyoke. Mustered out. MUHPHY, Thomas. 21. Brattleboro , Vt. Machinist. 16 May, 1864. Winchester. Boston. Corporal, 23 June, 1865. Mustered out. NETH, Franz. 27. Germany. Cigar-maker. 6 July, 1864. Prussia. Winchendon. Deserted 11 Aug., 1864. O NEAL, William. 21. . . . N. Y. Farmer, 22 July, 1864. Port Kent, N.Y. Wayland. Deserted 12 Sept., 1864. PARKER, Richard S. 28. Salem, Mass. Clerk. 9 July, 1864. Fairhaven, Ct. Amesbury. Deserted 12 Aug., 1864. PIERCE, John A. 32. Milford, Mass. Bootmaker. 25 Feb., 1864. Medway. Medway. Mustered out. PICKETT, Daniel S. 23. Kerry, Ireland. Laborer. 9 May, 1864. Boston. Boston. Prisoner, July, 1864 ; discharged (paroled) 5 June, 1865. RANDOLPH, James L. 25. Wilmington, Del. Clerk. 10 June, 1864. Wilmington, Del. Chelsea. Deserted 22 Oct., 1864. RHOUX, Joseph. 20. Canada. Laborer. 21 April, 1864. Canada li^ast. Petersham. Killed in action, 30 July, 1864, near Atlanta. RILEY, John. 20. Ireland. Laborer. 31 May, 1864. Boston. Winchendon. Wounded, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. Mustered out. ROBBINS, Arthur N. 23. Cape of Good Hope. Sailor. 12 July, 1864. . . . Lynn. Deserted 13 Aug., 1864. SHELDON, Duane C. 18. ... Clerk. 17 Oct., 1864. Andover, Vt. Roxbury. Discharged for disability, 27 May, 1865. 452 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. SHEPHERD, Eugene. 19. Newark, N.J. Laborer. 7 May, 1864. New Bedford. Chelsea. Died of disease, Jan., 1865, at Nashville, Tenn. SMITH, Charles. 24. Tipperary, Ireland. Shoemaker. 2 Aug., 1864. Lowell. . . . Deserted 12 Sept., 1864. SMITH, Henry. 21. ... Moulder. 3 Nov., 1864. Bos ton. Chatham. Deserted 10 June, 1865. STEVENS, Edward G. 44. ... Painter. 20 Sept., 1864. Boston. Haverhill. In hospital, 27 July, 1865, when mustered out. SULLIVAN, James. 35. Kerry, Ireland. Clerk. 26 July, 1864. New York. Waylaud. Taken prisoner in the North- Carolina campaign. Discharged (paroled) 24 July, 1865. SULLIVAN, John. 21. Ireland. Hostler. 29 June, 1864. Cambridge. Barre. Deserted 8 Aug., 1864 ; arrested 10 Aug., 1864 ; in penitentiary at Nashville when the regiment was mustered out. SWEENY, Wallace H. 24. England. Laborer. 2 Aug., 1864. Brooklyn, N.Y. Lowell. Deserted 17 Jan., 1865. TAYLOR, Edwin. 26. ... Painter. 22 June, 1864. Spring field. Charlton. Died of disease, 15 Oct., 1864, at Chattanooga. TEISS, Ernest. 34. Germany. Baker. 7 May, 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Straggled on march, August, 1864; supposed prisoner ; no further record. WALLACE, John A. 21. Manchester, N.H. Blacksmith. 15 June, 1864. Manchester, N.H. Holyoke. Taken prisoner; discharged (paroled) 20 July, 1865. WHITTEMORE, Charles L. 18. ... Teamster. 26 July, 1864. Charlestown, N.H. Roxbury. Mustered out. WINTERS, William. 27. Philadelphia, Penn. Brewer. 31 May, 1864. Philadelphia, Penn. Tewksbury. De serted 22 Oct., 1864. WOODMAN, John. 18. ... Farmer. 22 Aug., 1864. Brewer, Me. Needham. Prisoner in the North-Caro lina campaign ; no further record. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 453 COMPANY F. VETERANS. BILLINGS, David E. Mustered out. BRYANT, Cyrus W. Taken prisoner, 8 June, 1864. Absent in hospital, 18 July, 1865, when mustered out. CARR, Patrick H. In commissary department, January, 1865. Mustered out. COOK, Martin V. B. Mustered out. CROSBY, Pardon L. Corporal, 1 July, 1864; sergeant, 23 June, 1865; color-sergeant, 25 June, 1865. Mustered out. CURRANT, Thatcher M. Corporal, 1 April, 1864; sergeant, 5 June, 1865. Mustered out. DOUGLAS, John F. Sergeant. Armorer, 28 April, 1864. Prisoner, 8 Nov., 1864; not heard from. DURGIN, Daniel. Mustered out. GORTON, Samuel M. In hospital at Boston, 23 Feb., 1864. No further record. HARTT, John T. Company musician. Mustered out. JEPSON, Samuel L. Sergeant. First sergeant, 1 March, 1864, to 13 Nov., 1864; sergeant, 4 March, 1865; first sergeant, 23 April, 1865. Appointed second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mustered in. See Commissioned Offi cers. Mustered out. KENDALL, Webster A. Transferred, on re-enlisting, to C, which see. PARKER, Alfred R. Corporal. Killed in action, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. PICKERING, Asa. Corporal, 23 June, 1865. Mustered out. RICHARDSON, Delavan. Corporal. Sergeant, 1 April, 1864. Mustered out. STATEN, William H. Corporal. Sergeant, 13 March, 1864, to 4 March, 1865. Mustered out. WHIPPLE, Alfred P. Corporal, 5 June, 1865. Mustered out. 454 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. RECRUITS. BRADY, Thomas. 21. Newark, N.J. Laborer. 1 June, 1864. Boston. Attleboro . Deserted 11 Aug., 1864. BROWN, Edwin (Edward?). 20. Germany. Sailor. 15 Jan., 1864. Philadelphia. Rutland. No further re port. BRYANT, Andrew A. 21. Athol, Mass. Mechanic. 15 Feb., 1864. Phillipston. Phillipston. Mustered out. CAMPBELL, Robert. 20. Delaware County, Penn. Laborer. 6 July, 1864. Philadelphia. Winchendon. Deserted 9 Aug., 1864. CARTON (Karton?), Charles. 19. . . . Boatman. 4 July, 1864. Boston. North Andover. Deserted 20 Nov., 1864. CONNORS, Jeremiah. 29. . . . Stone-cutter. 18 Aug., 1864. Salem. Salem. Mustered out. CROSBY, John. 22. Rouville, Texas. Farmer. 24 June, 1864. Norfolk, Va. South Hadley. Deserted 7 Aug., 1864. DAVIS, Frederick C. (Francis ?) ... Corporal, 23 June, 1865. No further record. DEVITT, Edward. 21. Ireland. Barber. 1 Aug., 1864. Philadelphia. Conway. Deserted 4 Sept., 1864. DILLON, Thomas (James?). 21. Syracuse, N.Y. Laborer. 26 May, 1864. Springfield. Templeton. Wounded (leg broken) by shell, 1 Aug., 1864, in front of Atlanta. Absent in hospital when mustered out. DUMPHREY, Edward. 21. ... Farmer. 10 Nov., 1864. Worcester. Worcester. Deserted 10 June, 1865. DUNN, Daniel. 21. Ireland. Laborer. 6 June, 1864. New York. Boylston. Deserted 7 Nov., 1864. DUNN, Peter. 21. Ireland. Laborer. 1 June, 1864. Bos ton. Warwick. Deserted 9 Aug., 1864. GILBERT, Frederick. 23. ... Clerk. 9 July, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 455 Prussia. Salisbury. Wounded in neck, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. Mustered out. GREGORY, Samuel D. 18. ... Farmer. 22 Aug., 1864. Bellingham. Bellingham. Prisoner, 14 April, 1865. Mustered out. HARLAND, William. 25. Germany. Blacksmith. 5 July, 1864. Germany. Lynn. Deserted 9 Aug., 1864. HARRINGTON, Charles. 27. ... Tinsmith. 23 July, 1864. New York. Chelsea. Prisoner in the North- Carolina campaign. Discharged for disability, 2 July, 1865. JOHNSON, James. 35. Baltimore, Md. Laborer. 7 May, 1864. Baltimore, Md. Chelsea. Deserted from hos pital in Nashville ; no date given. KAISER, Jacob. 25. ... Baker. 6 July, 1864. New York. Amesbury. Deserted 12 Nov., 1864. KELLEY, John F. 23. Canada. Machinist. 3 May, 1864. Canada. Boston. Mustered out. KELLEY, Michael. 22. ... Currier. 8 Sept., 1864. Salem. Lowell. Mustered out. KELLEY, William. 22. Roscommon, Ireland. Teamster. 8 June, 1864. Boston. Salisbury. Deserted 9 Aug., 18(54. LANE, Gustavus E. 27 20 Sept., 1863. Boston. ... Mustered out. MASON, William. 21. England. Seaman. 23 May, 1864. Boston. Maiden. Died, 14 Aug., 1864, in front of Atlanta. MEIIAN, Matthew. 20. ... Laborer. 15 Feb., 1865. Salem. Ashby. Mustered out. MULLER, Conrad. 27. ... Shoemaker. 29 June, 1864. New York. Barre. In hospital, 3 July, 1865, when mustered out. NANGLE, Thomas. 26. Ireland. Clerk. 3 May, 1864. Canada. Provincetown. In hospital, 17 June, 1865, when mustered out. 456 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. O BRIEN, James. 22. ... Carpenter. 16 July, 1864. Newtonville, N.Y. Lowell. Corporal, 5 June, 1865, to 19 June, 1865. Deserted 19 June, 1865. PIERSON, Oscar. 18. Norway. Laborer. 10 Feb., 1864. Chelmsford. Chelmsford. Mustered out. REGAN, Thomas. 20. Ireland. Grocer. 25 May, 1864. New York. Chelsea. Wounded in thigh, severely, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. In hospital when mus tered out. RILEY, James. 21. Westchester, Ct. Clerk. 2 Aug., 1 864. New York. Princeton. Mustered out. RING, George. 20. . . . Driver. 14 July, 1864. New Haven, Ct North Brookfield. Deserted 12 Nov., 1864. ROBINSON, Charles. 26. Canada. Machinist. 3 May, 1864. St. John s, N.B. Princeton. Mustered out. RYAN, James. 26. Tipperary, Ireland. Boatman. 26 May, 1864. Brooklyn, N.Y. Templeton. Prisoner in North-Carolina campaign. In hospital when mustered out. RYAN, John H. 21. Newark, N.J. Laborer. 11 June, 1864. Newark, N.J. Chelsea. Deserted 9 Aug., 1864. WARD, Peter. 21. Ireland. Laborer. 3 May, 1864. Philadelphia, Penn. North Brookfield. Absent sick. No further record. COMPANY G. VETERANS. BALDWIN, John D. S. Company musician. Mustered out. FRENCH, Henry P. Absent in hospital, 4 May, 1864. (Probably discharged.) HEALD, Charles H. Corporal. Transferred, on re-enlist ing, from D. Sergeant, 28 May, 1864; first sergeant, 1 July, 1864. Wounded, slightly, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. Appointed second lieutenant, 3 July, THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 457 1865, but not mustered in. See Commissioned Officers. Mustered out. LAWTON, John. Wounded in leg, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Transferred to Invalid Corps, 17 Sept., 1864. REED, William H. Transferred, on re-enlisting, from D. Sergeant, 1 July, 1864. Wounded, 30 July, 1864, in front of Atlanta, and died in consequence, 4 Oct., 1864. Buried at Chattanooga. RICHARDSON, Jesse. First sergeant. First lieutenant, 24 May, 1864. See Commissioned Officers. TOOMBS, William D. Corporal. Transferred to G, 30 Jan., 1865, from D ; sergeant, 30 Jan., 1865 ; first lieuten ant, to date from 4 Nov., 1864. See Commissioned Offi cers. RECRUITS. BOWLER, Jeremiah. 21. Ireland. Currier. 5 May, 1864. Winchester. Pembroke. Corporal, 27 Dec., 1864, to 25 June, 1865. Mustered out. CARRICK, Edward. 21. Philadelphia, Penn. Driller. 14 July, 1864. Newark, N.J. Wellfleet. Deserted 15 Nov., 1864. COCHLAN, Thomas. 30. Ireland. Sailor. 27 May, 1864. Boston. Lee. Deserted 22 July, 1864. COLEMAN, Patrick. 30. Ireland. Currier. 10 Aug., 1864. Salem. Salem. In hospital, 28 July, 1865, when mus tered out. CONNELLY, Benjamin. 23. Ireland. Boatman. 6 July, 1864. Troy, N.Y. Lynn. Deserted 16 Aug., 1864. Cox, John. 18. Maiden, Mass. Clerk. 16 Feb., 1864. Maiden. Boston. Mustered out. Cox, William. 25. Prince Edward s Island. Sailor. 30 May, 1864. Prince Edward s Island. Maiden. Mus tered out. GULP, Joseph. 20. Worcester, Mass. Laborer. 2 Aug., 1864. Worcester. Milton. Deserted 20 Sept., 1864. 458 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. FISHER, George. 27. Germany. Saddler. 1 June, 1864. Germany. Northampton. Mustered out. FOLEY, Charles. 23. Baltimore, Md. Sailor. 12 July, 1864. Wellfleet. Wellfleet. Deserted 15 Aug., 1864. FOLEY, John. 20. Stamford, Ct. Laborer. 13 July, 1864. Conn. Beverly. Deserted 15 Nov., 1864. FORD, Delos B. 18. New York. Printer. 15 Feb., 1864. Roxbury. Boston. Absent sick, 24 July, 1865, when mustered out. FOREMAN (Fuhrman?), George. 24. Germany. Farmer. 17 May, 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Wounded, 21 Dec., 1864, in South Carolina. Mustered out. Fox, John. 21. West Derby, Vt. Farmer. 18 Feb., 1864. Stanstead, C.E. Boston. In hospital, 1 Oct., 1864, and also when regiment was mustered out. FREY, James. 24. Germany. Pedler. 13 June, 1864. Austria. Chelsea. Corporal, 10 Sept., 1864, to 30 Dec., 1864, when returned to the ranks at his own request. Wounded in breast and arm, severely, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough ; discharged in consequence, 3 July, 1865. GASSELL, Henry. 35. (No record of items.) Deserted 6 July, 1864. GIBSON, George. (No record of items.) Deserted 12 Nov., 1864. GLASER (or Glozier), Louis. 21. . . . Sailor. 30 Nov., 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Mustered out. GREEN, John. 32. St. John s, N.B. Seaman. 2 June, 1864. St. John s, N.B. Kingston. Deserted 17 Aug. , 1864. HALE, Wilbur H. 18. Portland, Me. Laborer. 27 April, 1864. Glastenbury, Ct. New Salem. Mustered out. HARLEY, Bartholomew. 31. ... Laborer. 25 Aug., 1864. New York. Lowell. Mustered out. HERRICK, James. 22. Canada. Boatman. 8 July, 1864. Albany, N.Y. Wellfleet. Deserted 8 June, 1865. HOPKINS, John. 20. New York. Printer. 5 May, 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 459 Cleveland, Ohio. Pembroke. Corporal, 10 Sept., 1864, to 3 Nov., 18G4. Deserted 12 Nov., 18G4. HUTCHINSON, David. 20. Scotland. Laborer. 28 April, 1864. Scotland. New Salem. Dropped 19 Dec., 1864 ; supposed to have been shot by guerillas. JONES, Frederick. 26. Germany. Trader. 1 June, 1864. Germany. Shelburne. Deserted 16 July, 1864. KEEGAN, Frank. 19. New York. Spinner. 22 July, 1864. Providence, R.I. Chelsea. Died 5 June, 1865, at Savannah, Ga. KING, John. 21. Ireland. Cooper. 26 July, 1864. Canada. Salem. Deserted 18 Jan., 1865. KNOWLES, John. 21. England. Laborer. 27 May, 1864. England. Lee. Deserted 24 Aug., 1864. LEE, William. 20. Canada. Boatman. 30 July, 1864. Cobourg, C.W. Plymouth. Discharged for disability, 28 June, 1865. LEIGHTON, Joseph. "Recruit from depot," April, 1865. No other record. LEUDO (Ledou?), Frank. 21. Montreal, C.E. Brick- maker. 27 May, 1864. Boston. Maiden. Mustered out 26 July, 1865. LUITER, Samuel D. (Luther, Joseph ?). 21 ... Laborer. 20 Aug., 1864. Douglas. Douglas. Discharged by order of War Department, 11 June, 1865. MAGOUN, William. 18. Shepton, Canada. Teamster. 28 April, 1864. Warwick, C.E. Boston. Deserted 20 Dec., 1864. MAYO, John. 24. Montreal, C.E. Soldier. 2 July, 1864. Montreal, C.E. Lancaster. Deserted 10 Aug., 1864. McNAMARA, George. 19. Ireland. Mariner. 23 April 1 864. Ireland. Sandwich. Wounded in leg, 1 6 March, 1865, at Averysborough ; in hospital, 1 June, 1865, when discharged. MERRILL, Truman. 18. Seabrook, N.H. Shoemaker. 30 Jan., 1864. Salisbury. Salisbury. Mustered out. 460 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. MONAHAN, Mahan (Malachi?). 21. Providence, R.I. Teamster. 20 April, 1864. Providence, R.I. Boston. Deserted 19 June, 18G5. Mum, James. 23. ... Clerk. . . . Quebec, C.E. Chatham. Detached to Headquarters Military De partment. No further record. MURPHY, Edward. 21. Ireland. Saddler. 7 July, 1864. Brooklyn, N.Y. South Danvers. Discharged 14 July, 1865. MURPHY, William. 21. Philadelphia, Penn. Sailor. 28 April, 1864. Philadelphia. Chelmsford. Mustered out. O MALLEY, Charles. 25. England. Laborer. 12 Aug., 1864. Buffalo, N.Y. Chelsea. Deserted 11 Sept. 1864. PATTERSON, Robert. 21. Nova Scotia. Clerk. 20 April, 1864. St. John s, N.B. Aldington. Corporal, 23 June, 1865. Mustered out. PETERSON, Otto. 21. ... Clerk. 3 Sept., 1864. Bos ton. Sunderland. Discharged in hospital at New Al bany, Ind., 10 July, 1865. RILEY, Thomas. 21. England. Shoemaker. 14 June, 1864. Chelsea. . . . Deserted 13 Aug., 1864. RUBY, Jacob F. 35. Germany. Machinist. 23 May, 1864. Boston. Cohasset. Discharged in hospital, 30 May, 1865. STEVENS, James. 22. Lancashire, England. Blacksmith. .12 July, 1864. Boston. Salisbury. Deserted 17 Aug., 1864. THOMPSON, Matthew. 26. New York. Carpenter. 2 July, 1864. New York. Chatham. Deserted 10 Aug., 1864. TURNER, Frank. 25. Montreal, C.E. Laborer. 2 June, 1864. Frederick, Md. Southbridge. Deserted 4 July, 1864. TURNER, George. 25. ... Painter. 21 May, 1864. Boston. Maiden. No further record. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 461 TURNER, Wellington II. 21. Dresden, Me. Farmer. 28 May, 1864. Dresden, Me. Lanesboro . Mustered out. WADE, William. 21. Elmira, N.Y. Laborer. 29 April, 1864. Buffalo, N.Y. Carver. Deserted 21 June, 1865. WILLIAMS, James. 25. Nova Scotia. Seaman. 9 June, 1864. St. John s, N.B. Chelsea. Corporal, 1 Nov., 1864, to 13 Nov., 1864; corporal again, 27 Dec., 1864. Absent on furlough, and discharged, 24 June, 1865. WILSON, George. 19. Hamilton, C.W. Boatman. 20 July, 1864. Columbia, N.Y. Northampton. Deserted 12 Nov., 1864. COMPANY H. VETERANS. CLARK, John F. Mustered out. CARRAHER, Frank L. Corporal and color-corporal, 15 July, 1864. Mustered out. DAMMERALL, William H. Corporal, 31 Dec., 1863, to 6 Nov., 1864; again, ... to 28 June, 1865. Mustered out. Foss, Phineas H. Hospital attendant. Mustered out. GILLEY, George. Company musician. Mustered out. HANKY, William. Deserted 23 Feb., 1864. HARRIS, George. Corporal. Transferred to H, 15 July, 1864, from K. Sergeant, 15 July, 1864. Mustered out, JOHNSON, Arthur. Mustered out. KEENAN, Patrick. Deserted 28 Oct., 1864. McKiNSTREY, Charles O. Corporal, 1 July, 1864; ser geant, 5 June, 1865; first sergeant, 28 June, 1865. Ap pointed second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mustered in. See Commissioned Officers. Mustered out. MOOERS, Andrew J. Deserted 23 Feb., 1864. 462 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. MORSE, George W. Sergeant, 9 Jan., 1864; first sergeant, 1 Jan., 1865; first lieutenant, 17 March, 1865. See Commissioned Officers. SMITH, William. Wounded in thigh, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Corporal, 5 June, 1865, to 28 June, 1865. Mustered out. WHITTEMORE, Ezra G. Mustered out. RECRUITS. BLACK, Richard. 21. New York. Sailor. 16 May, 1864. Boston. Boston. Deserted 12 Aug., 1864. BURGEN, John. 43. France. Glass-cutter. 9 June, 1864. Rowe. Salisbury. W r onnded in arm, 14 Aug., 1864, near Atlanta. In hospital at Nashville when mustered out. CASWELL, Mo?es. 19. Halifax, N.S. Sailor. 21 July, 1864. Grafton. Northampton. Mustered out. CLARY, Hugh. 20. Ireland. Laborer. 14 June, 1864. Boston. Dudley. Mustered out. Co MPT ON, Joseph. 21. Chester, N.Y. Brakeman. 11 June, 1864. Chester, N.Y: Chelsea. Deserted 30 June, 1865. CORNEILLEE (Cannalin?), Herman. 19. Finland. Sailor. 14 June, 1864. Finland. Chelsea. Mustered out. CORNETT, James H. 28. New York. Clerk. 6 May, 1864. New York. Chelsea. " Distinguished for bravery, 30 July, 1864." Absent in hospital when mus tered out. ELLIKER, Robert (Albert?). 24. Switzerland. Baker. 3 May, 1864. Shelburne. Boston. Mustered out. GONZENBA CH, Ferdinand. 19. Germany. Clerk. 14 June, 1864. Boston. Northampton. Prisoner, November, 1864, to January, 1865. Mustered out 22 July, 1865. HENSHAW, John. 23. Ireland. Carpenter. 6 July, 1864. Ireland. Lynn. Deserted 7 Nov., 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 4G3 HUNTLEY, Loring. 21. Liverpool, England. Seaman. 22 June, 18G4. Harrington, Me. Essex. Died 26 Nov., 1864. JONES, John. 22. Pittsfield, Mass. Butcher. 21 June, 1864. New York. Roxbury. Mustered out. LARKINS, John. 20. Jersey City, N.J. Laborer. 10 June, 1864. New York. Chelsea. Deserted 13 Nov., 1864. LYNCH, James. 26. ... Laborer. 11 Jan., 1865. New York. Hatfreld. Mustered out. McNuLTY, John. 33. Ireland. Mariner. 2 April, 1864. Boston. West Cambridge. Mustered out. MERTZ, Jacob. 29. Germany. Laborer. 27 May, 1864. Jersey City, N.J. Chelsea. Deserted 15 July, 1864. METZKE, Henry. 30. Germany. Soldier. 9 June, 1864. Prussia. Chelsea. Deserted 3 Aug., 1864. MILLER, Charles. 24. Germany. Laborer. 7 June, 1864. German) . Northampton. Deserted 13 July, 1864. MILLER, John. 30. Tyrone County, Ireland. Laborer. 24 May, 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Absent in hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. MURPHY, JOHN. 25. Ireland. Laborer. 20 July, 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Mustered out. MURRAY, James. 23. Liverpool, England. Sailor. 20 July, 1864. England. Northampton. Deserted 30 June, 1865. OFFINGER, Paul. 33. Wurtemburg, Germany. Painter. 8 June, 1864. Boston. Northampton. Deserted 30 June, 1865. PAGE, John. 30. South Berwick, Me. Shoemaker. 26 June, 1864. Salisbury. Salisbury. Corporal, 5 June, 1865. Mustered out. REGAN, Patrick. 18. New York. Teamster. 10 May, 1864. Boston. Boston. Mustered out. ROBINSON, John. 21. Albany, N.Y. Farmer. 17 May, 1864. Springfield. Ashfield. Deserted 11 Nov., 1864. 464 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. ROBSON, JOHN. 22. St. Louis, Mo. Steward. 8 July, 1864. New York. Lynn. Discharged 14 July, 1865. SANDER, William. 37. ... Cigar-maker. 10 Oct., 1864. Boston. Bridge water. Discharged by order of War Department. SHORT, James. 20. Hartford, Ct. Laborer. 9 July, 1864. Albany, N.Y. Wellfleet. Deserted 30 June, 1865. SMITH, Alonzo. 21. Canada. Butcher. 12 May, 1864. Canada. Boston. Deserted 30 June, 1865. SMITH, Knox. 34. Ireland. Laborer. 26 April, 1864. Fall River. Roxbury. Mustered out. STEWART, John. 22. Pittsburgh, Penn. Boatman. 14 May, 1864. Pittsburgh, Penn. Dorchester. Mustered out. COMPANY I. VETERANS. BAIRD, William. Adjutant s clerk. Mustered out. BUTLER, Aaron. Taken prisoner in the North-Carolina campaign. In hospital, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out. CRONIN, Patrick. Wounded, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca, and died in consequence, 16 May. EATON, Minot II. Quartermaster s clerk, January, 1865. Mustered out. ELLSWORTH, Andrew B. Acting quartermaster-sergeant, January, 1865. Mustered out 26 July, 1865. FLYNN, Patrick. Company musician. Mustered out. HANNING, James. Corporal. Sergeant, 1 July, 1864; first sergeant, 10 Aug., 1864. Wounded, slightly, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough. First lieutenant, 17 March, 1865. See Commissioned Officers. HUTCHINSON, James. Wounded in shoulder, severely, 1 6 March, 1865, at Averysborough. In hospital at Worces ter, Mass., 28 July, 1865, when mustered out. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 465 LENNON, Thomas H. Killed in action, 30 July, 1864, in front of Atlanta. MCCAFFREY, Cornelius. Discharged for disability, 25 Jan., 1865. MOORE, Thomas. Discharged for disability, . . April, 1864. WHEELER, Austin E. Corporal, 15 July, 1864; sergeant, 5 June, 1865 ; first sergeant, 1 July, 1865. Taken pris oner, 29 Aug., 1864, near Atlanta. Mustered out. WIGGIN, John. Taken prisoner in the North- Carolina cam paign. Discharged 30 June, 1865. WILSON, Francis. Corporal, 28 June, 1864; sergeant, 15 July, 1864. Killed in action, 16 March, 1865, at Averys- borough, N.C. RECRUITS. ALLEN, Henry T. 22. St. John s, N.S. Seaman. 23 June, 1864. New York. Shelburne. Corporal, 25 June, 1865. BAKER, John M. 26. Germany. Tailor. 8 Aug., 1864. New York. Chelmsford. Absent sick. No further record. BENNET, Chester. 19. Rhode Island. Laborer. 7 July, 1864. Foster, K.I. Chester. Discharged 10 July, 1865. BENSON, George. 22. Ireland. Miller. 8 June, 1864. Boston. Northampton. Wounded on picket, 1 Aug., 1864, and died in consequence, 16 Aug., 1864. BRANDT, Ernest. 21. ... Mechanic. 13 Jan., 1864. Boston. Fitchburg. Acknowledged in report, May, 1865 ; no further record. BROWNING, Daniel H. C. 27. Warwick, R.I. Wool- sorter. 27 June, 1864. Warwick, R.I. Holyoke. Discharged by order of War Department, 30 May, 1865. CAMPBELL, Charles. 22. ... Engineer. 9 July, 1864. New York. Salisbury. -In hospital, July, 1865. 466 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTEY. CLARK, John. 22. Rondout, N.Y. Boatman. 9 June, 1864. Rondout, N.Y. Spencer. Deserted 14 Aug., 1864. CLINTON, Joseph. 22. Burlington, Vt. Laborer. 7 May, 1864. Burlington. Lancaster. In hospital at Evans- ville at date of muster out. CUNNINGHAM, James. 20 8 Sept., 1864. Philadelphia, Penn. Lowell. Deserted 23 June, 1865. DOHERTY, John. 21. Ireland. Laborer. 23 July, 1864. New Albany, N.Y. Chelsea. Deserted 7 Aug., 1864. EBERHARDT, John. 24. ... Clerk. 28 Aug., 1864. Northampton. Northampton. Mustered out. FINLEY, Luke. 21. Ireland. Laborer. 5 May, 1864. New York. Pembroke. Deserted 25 June, 1865. GROSS (Grass?), Henry. 20. Germany. Laborer. 16 July, 1864. Boston. Boston. Absent in hospital, 30 May, 1865, when mustered out. HANVIN, Henry. 24. Hartford, Ct. Laborer. 18 May, 1864. West Roxbury. Webster. Deserted, in 1864, from hospital. HENRY, Patrick. 20. Albany, N.Y. Laborer. 10 June, 1864. New York. Chelsea. Deserted 24 June, 1865. JOHNSON, Lewis. 19. New York. Carman. 30 April, 1864. New York. Athol. Wounded in head, seriously, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough ; discharged in conse quence, 29 June, 1865. JONES, Thomas. 35. London, Eng. Laborer. 9 June, 1864. Florida. Chelsea. Deserted 15 July, 1864. KIRCHOFF, Rudolf. 23. Germany. Mason. 5 Aug., 1864. New York. Berkley. Mustered out. LAWRENCE, Jairus. 21. Bellingham, Mass. Bootmaker. 23 Feb., 1864. Bellingham. Bellingham. Died, 6 March, 1865, at David s Island, N.Y. LEAHY, Daniel. 25 9 Jan., 1865. Boston. . . . Deserted 11 June, 1865. MAHONEY, John. 18. Cork, Ireland. Teamster. 10 March, 1864. Boston. Boston. Mustered out. THE ENLISTED MEN" SECOND TERM. 467 MALLEN, John. 18. Canada. Farmer. 23 June, 1864. Dover, N.H. Leicester. Mustered out, MARTIN (Masters?), George. 23. New Durham, N.H. Farmer. 18 May, 1864. ... ... Mustered out. MARTIN, James. 20. Ireland. Laborer. 8 July, 1864. Albany, N.Y. South Danvers. In hospital, 27 May, 1865, when discharged for disability. MOORE, Thomas. 22. Ireland. Moulder. 22 July, 1864. York, Perm. Chelsea. Deserted 7 Aug., 1864. MULLEN, William. 32. Saratoga, N.Y. Laborer. 8 July, 1864. Boston. Salisbury. Mustered out. NORMAN, John. 24. Oyster Bay, N.Y. Boatman. 30 April, 1864. Oyster Bay, N.Y. Boston. Deserted 11 Aug., 1864. O BRIEN, Henry. 20. Ireland. Plumber. 6 July, 1864. New York. Lynn. Deserted 25 June, 1865. PIERCE, George W. 28. New Bedford, Mass. Sailor. 4 June, 1864. Charlestown. South Hadley. Corporal, 7 Nov., 1864. Discharged in hospital, 25 May, 1865. RILEY, James. 21. New York. Butcher. 18 June, 1864. New York. Princeton. Prisoner in the North-Carolina campaign. Mustered out. RINE, Richard. 20. Philadelphia, Penn. Butcher. 27 May, 1864. Philadelphia, Penn. Lee. Deserted 23 Aug., 1864. Ross, Lewis. 26. Germany. Waiter. 19 July, 1864. North Andover. North Andover. Absent on furlough, 25 July, 1865, when mustered out. RYAN, William. 24. Boston, Mass. Sailor. 30 June, 1864. Boston. Holyoke. Deserted 13 Aug., 1864. SPERY, Thomas B. 22. ... Farmer. 17 Feb., 1865. Berlin, Ct. Springfield. Discharged by order of War Department, 16 June, 1865. THOMPSON, William. 22. Springfield, Mass. Farmer. 1 July, 1864. Springfield. Maiden. Deserted 7 Aug., 1864. 468 . SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. TOOMEY, Joseph. 21. ... Teamster. 19 Oct., 1864. Westfield. Bridgewater. Mustered out. TURNER, George. 26. ... Boatman. 14 Dec., 1864. Phvtsburg, Penn. New Marlboro . Deserted 22 June, 1865. WARREN, Eugene T. 21. Saco, Maine. Whaler. 26 May, 1864. Biddeford, Me. Dudley. Deserted 11 Aug., 1864. WELCOME, Levi. 21. Canada. Laborer. 12 May, 1864. Boston. . . . Mustered out. WILSON, George. 20. Canada. Laborer. 10 May, 1864. Brockville, C.W. Chelsea. Corporal, 10 Aug., 1864. Prisoner, 27 Aug., 1864. Died, 12 March, 1865, at Wilmington, N.C. ZOPFIE, Frederick. 21. Switzerland. Rope-maker. 3 May, 1864. Shelburne - Boston. Died of chronic diar rhea, 29 Aug., 1864, near Atlanta. COMPANY K. VETERANS. BISHOP, Milton. Mustered out. CLARK, Joseph C. Mustered out. CLARK, William W. Transferred, on re-enlisting, from B. Mustered out. CLARY, Daniel. Sergeant. Discharged for disability, 6 Oct., 1864. DANIELS, William. Mustered out. ELDER, John. Mustered out. ELLSWORTH, Thomas F. Corporal. Discharged, 19 Jan., 1864, on receiving commission of second lieutenant in the Fifty-fifth Massachusetts, dated 24 Oct., 1863. He be came first lieutenant, 20 June, 1864; captain, 1 Dec., 1864. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 469 HARRIS, George. Corporal, 2 June, 1864. Transferee!, 15 July, 1864, to H, which see. LORD, Caleb H. First sergeant. Mortally wounded, 19 June, 1864, near Kenesaw; died 29 June. Had been appointed first lieutenant, 24 May, 1864, but the commis sion had not reached him. See Commissioned Officers. MCDONALD, John. Mustered out. MclNTOSH, Augustus. Corporal. Wounded in head, seri ously, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough ; in hospital, 27 July, 1865, when mustered out. MINER, Addison G. Mustered out, MULLER, John F. Corporal, 15 July, 1864. Mustered out 26 July, 1865. MUNROE, John. Company musician. Mustered out. PEELER, David L. Corporal. Sergeant, 1 July, 1864. Mustered out. PERKINS, Lafayette. Corporal, 1 July, 1864. In hos pital, 17 June, 1865, when discharged. PRATT, John A. Company musician. Mustered out. RIVERS, Lewis. Color-corporal. Corporal, 23 April, 1865, to 1 July, 1865. Mustered out. ROBINSON, Delano. Discharged in hospital, 14 July, 1865. SNOOK, John F. Mustered out. SPRINGER, William A. Wounded in thigh, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps in April, 1865. TENNEY, Albert. Transferred, on re-enlisting, to C, which see. TULLY, Prescott W. Mustered out. TYE, James. Died of pneumonia, 23 March, 1864, at Tul- lahoma, Term VANCE, Lorin A. Mustered out. VOLL, Andrew. Sergeant, First sergeant, 1 July, 1864. Appointed second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mus tered in. See Commissioned Officers. Mustered out. WEBBER, George H. Transferred, on re-enlisting, to D, which see. 470 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. WEBER, Frederick. Taken prisoner in the North-Caro lina campaign. Mustered out. WELCH, Thomas. Mustered out. RECRUITS. BOHS, Bernhard. 21. Germany. Painter. 6 July, 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Transferred from D. Sick in hospital, 6 Sept., 1864, and until mustered out, 26 July, 1865. BRADY, James. 20. Ireland. Laborer. 6 June, 1864. Brooklyn, N.Y. Northampton. Deserted 2 July, 1864. BREDSHTA, William. 26. Switzerland. Shoemaker. 6 June, 1864. France. Kingston. Mustered out. BROOKINGS, Charles S. 23. ... Painter. 5 Feb., 1864. Winchester. Winchester. Mustered out. CRAVEN, John. 21. Ireland. Sailor. 7 July, 1864. Ire land. Winchendon. Died of brain fever, 9 Sept., 1864. DAVIS, James. 21. ... Printer. 25 May, 1864. Bos ton. Templeton. No further record. DAVIS, William. 36. ... Laborer. 25 May, 1864. Springfield. Dudley. Deserted 21 June, 1865. HALL, Thomas. 24. Manchester, England. Bookkeeper. 6 July, 1864. New York. Lynn. Deserted 31 June, 1864. HORN, William F. 27. Germany. Cigar-maker. 20 July, 1864. New York. North Andover. Deserted 1 1 Aug., 1864. LKVERING, Silas. 33. Montreal, C.E. Laborer. 6 July, 1864. Canada. Amesbury. Deserted 13 Aug., 1864. LUDESCHER, Louis. 37. Austria. Farmer. 4 May, 1864. New York. Pembroke. Died 10 April, 1865. MCCARTHY, John. 21. Ireland. Farmer. 8 June, 1864. Boston. Boylston. Deserted 30 Aug., 1864; arrested 2 Sept., 1864. In confinement. MILES, John F. ... Transferred from C; no further record. THE ENLISTED MEN SECOND TERM. 471 MILLER, John. 21. Switzerland. Laborer. 13 June, 1864. France. Chelsea. Mustered out. MINER, Roswell E. 18. Lee, Mass. Farmer. 26 Jan., 1864. Egreraont. Egremont. Mustered out. QUIXN, John. 23. Ireland. Boiler-maker. 3 June, 1864. Clifton, C.W. Chelsea. Prisoner, 5 Dec., 1864. Ab sent sick, 26 July, 1865, when mustered out QUINN, Thomas Recruit received " (July, 1864). No further record. SMITH, Peter. 34. Germany. Cook. 23 July, 1864. Philadelphia, Penn. Chelsea. In hospital since 10 Aug., 1864. VOLMER, Frederick. 32. Germany. Farmer, 4 May, 1864. Boston. . . . Mustered out. WAGNER, John. 33. Germany. Steward. 23 July, 1864. New York. Chelsea. Deserted 11 Aug., 1864. WILHELM, Eugene, 25. Prussia. Merchant. 16 May, x 1864. Boston. Chelsea. Mustered out. WILLIAMS, John. 31. Canada. Apothecary. 6 July, 1864. Brockville, C.W. Lynn. Discharged for disa bility, 3 March, 1865. THE NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. S E R G E A N T-M A J R. BLAKE, George W. 39. Bradford, Mass. Shoemaker. 25 May, 1861. Boston. A soldier in the United-States Army, serving in the Florida and Mexican wars ; in Florida, Second United-States Dra goons ; in Mexico, cavalry and artillery. Sergeant-major, 25 May, 1861. Discharged for disability, on surgeon s certificate, 8 May, 1862. MANN, Albert W. From E, which see. Sergeant-major, 10 May, 1862 ; second lieutenant, 31 March, 1883. See Commissioned Offi cers. RICHARDSON, Moses P. From G, which see. Sergeant-major, 17 July, 1863. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. Appointed second lieuten ant in Fifty -fifth Massachusetts, 9 June, 1864, but declined. First lieutenant, to date from 24 May, 1864. See Commissioned Officers. MILES, William H. From A, second term, which see. Sergeant- major, 15 July, 1864 ; first lieutenant, 15 April, 1865. See Com missioned Officers. THURSTON, Thomas B. From D, second term, which see. Sergeant- major, 1 July, 1865; second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mustered in. See Commissioned Officers. Clustered out as sergeant- major, 26 July, 1865. QUARTERMASTER-SERGEANT. AYER, Henry H. 42. ... Cabinet-maker. 25 May, 1861. Med- field. Acting quartermaster-sergeant, 25 May, 1861. Discharged, 1 July, 1861. FLETCHER, James H 1861. Of K. Boston. (Quartermaster-sergeant, 1 July, 1861, to Oct., 1861. Re-assigned to Company K, Dec., 1861, which see. THE NOX COMMISSIONED STAFF. 473 BROWNING, George F. From C, which see. Quartermaster-sergeant, 9 Oct., 1861; second lieutenant, 11 Feb., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. BINNEY, George L. From H, which see. Was quartermaster s clerk from 11 May, 1861 ; quartermaster-sergeant, 15 March, 1862 ; second lieutenant, 10 Aug., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. STOCKBRIDGE, Lebbeus. From K, which see. Master-wagoner from 3 July, 1861 : quartermaster-sergeant, 1 Nov., 1862, to 1 April, 1863, when absent in long-continued sickness. See K again. EMERSON, Asa W. From C, which see. Quartermaster-sergeant, 1 April, 1863. Re-enlisted. First lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mustered in. See Commissioned Officers. Mustered out as quarter master-sergeant, 26 July, 1865. COMMISSARY-SERGEANT. CARLL, Erastus B. 30. Unity, Me. Manufacturer. 11 May, 1861. Boston. A soldier in the Fourth United-States Artillery, 1850-55. Commissary-sergeant, May, 1861 ; second lieutenant, 23 Oct., 1862. See Commissioned Officers. HOWES, Edwin A. From F, which see. Commissary-sergeant, 8 Dec., 1862. Re-enlisted. First lieutenant, 24 May, 1864. See Commissioned Officers. CASEY, David. From Company C, second term, which see. Com missary-sergeant, " for long and meritorious services," 1 July, 1864 ; second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865, but not mustered in. See Com missioned Officers. Mustered out as commissary-sergeant, 26 July, 1865. HOSPITAL STEWARD. NUTTING, Joseph W. 29 ... Chemist. 25 May, 1861. Boston. Hospital steward, 25 May, 1861. Died of consumption, 14 Jan., 1863, at Quincy, Mass., while on furlough. ROOT, Warner A. From G, which see. Hospital steward, 16 Feb., 1863. Re-enlisted. Transferred to Regular Army as hospital stew ard, 31 March, 1865. KINSMAN, Frederick G. From D, second term, which see. Hospital attendant from 27 Nov., 1861 ; hospital steward, 1 July, 1865. Mus tered out as such, 26 July, 1865. PRINCIPAL MUSICIANS. KESSELHUTH, Henry. 28. Brunswick, Germany. Musician. 25 May, 1861. Boston. Had served in the Brunswick army in the war of 1848. Drum-major, 25 May, 1861. Discharged, with regi mental band, 16 Aug., 1862. 474 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. SPIEGEL, Charles. 35. Berlin, Prussia. Musician. 25 May, 1861. Maiden. Band-leader, 25 May, 1861. Discharged, with regi mental band, 16 Aug., 1862. CAKLL, Alonzo W. From A, which see. Company musician in A, from 11 May, 1861 ; principal musician, 1 July, 1863. Mustered out as such, 26 July, 1865. II. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. GEORGE HENRY GORDON, son of Robert and Elizabeth S. (Carlisle) Gordon, was born in Charlestown, Mass., 19 July, 1824. Was at school at Framingham Academy ; appointed to West Point in 1842, and graduated in 1846. Brevet second lieutenant, 1 July, 1846, in the Mounted Rifles (Colonel Persifor F. Smith), and immediately sent to Mexico. Was engaged in all the battles of General Scott, from Vera Cruz to the capital. Wounded at Cerro Gordo, and brevetted first lieutenant, 18 April, 1847, " for gallant and meritorious conduct in that action." Was severely wounded, after the fall of the city, near Vera Cruz. After recovery, he joined his regiment in" Oregon, where it protected the settlers against the hostile Indians, and after one year it was sent to the frontier States, near the Mississippi ; there, and on the prairies and at the Rocky Mountains, he served until 1853, when he was transferred to the Coast Survey, where he served a year. * First lieutenant in August, 1853 ; resigned 31 Oct., 1864. Studied law at Cambridge Law School, and was admitted to practice in 1857. His assistance in preparing the three-months troops has been de scribed ; and his work in raising, organizing, and leading the Second Massachusetts Infantry, of which he was commissioned colonel, 24 May, 1861. He was recommended, unanimously, by the Massachu setts delegation in Congress, in August, 1861, for appointment as brig adier ; but did not receive it until he had compelled it by his energetic and skilful service in Banks s retreat, where he commanded a brigade, as he had for most of his term of service. He commanded the Third Brigade, First Division, Twelfth Corps, at Cedar Mountain, Pope s retreat, and Antietam. Early in 1863, his health failed. Partially recovering, he was placed in command of a division, and participated 476 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. in the siege of Suffolk, and the movements, under General Dix, towards Richmond ; and afterwards, with his division, in the Army of the Po tomac, in pursuit of Lee. Ordered (with his division) to join General Gilmore, he served at Folly Island and vicinity. In July, 1864, was sent to the Gulf, and was engaged on the Mississippi in keeping open com munications with General Steele, in Arkansas ; and afterwards under General Granger, near Mobile, in connection with Farragut. Near the close of 1864, he was selected by General Grant, " knowing," wrote that general, " that no persuasion could make him swerve from duty," to command the district of East Virginia. He continued in that position headquarters at Norfolk until relieved, in 1865, in consequence of ill-health. Brevet major-general, 9 April, 1865 ; and mustered out, 24 April, 1865. He was appointed, in 1866, United-States Marshal for Massachusetts. The history of the Second is a sufficient and enduring sketch of his military abilities. General Gordon was married, 16 June, 1864, to Miss Mary Eliza beth, daughter of the late Benjamin H. Scott. GEORGE LEONARD ANDREWS, son of Manasseh and Harriet (Leon ard) Andrews, was born in Bridgewater, Mass., 31 Aug., 1828. Edu cated in common and high schools, and graduated, in 1846, at the State Normal School, at Bridgewater, then under the care of Nicholas Til- linghast, a graduate of West Point. Being appointed to West Point, he graduated in 1851, at the head of his class ; brevetted second lieutenant, Engineer Corps, 1 July, 1851. He was assigned to duty as assistant to Colonel Thayer, then in charge of the construction of Fort Warren, in Boston Harbor, where he remained three years. In August, 1854, he was ordered to West Point, as acting Assistant Professor in the De partment of Civil and Military Engineering, the Science of War, &c. The then small pay of an officer was insufficient to support a family, and Ire resigned, 1 Sept., 1855, to enter the service of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, N.H., as engineer, where he remained until 1857. He then became employed by the Government as a civil en gineer. In 1860, and to the opening of the war, he was connected with a large business house in Boston. He was tendered, on the appearance of hostilities, a position as col onel of one of the Massachusetts regiments, and also (from Washing ton) the place of paymaster, but preferred to accept the commission of lieutenant-colonel (24 May, 1861) of the Second. His influence in shap ing the regiment, and his w r ork as commander, are already described in this book. He commanded the regiment in Bank s retreat, Cedar Mountain, Pope s campaign, and Antietam. Appointed brigadier- general, 9 Nov., 1862, and assigned to duty with General Banks, then preparing for New Orleans, in which work he rendered good service. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 477 Was chief-of-staff to General Banks for some period ; and was, after the reduction of Port Hudson, assigned to the organization and com mand of the Corps d Afrique, in which position his abilities were of great value. He served in that department or vicinity until the close of the war. Was brevetted major-general, 26 March, 1865 ; and was honorably discharged, 24 Aug., 1865. He was married, 21 Dec., 1853, to Sara Bridge Fisk. Children: Helen Bridge, born 27 Sept., 1854; Percy, born 23 Jan., 1857; Arthur Dearborn, born 16 Mayj 1860. WILDER D WIGHT, son of William and Elizabeth A. (White) Dwight, was born in Springfield, Mass., 23 April, 1833. Fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N.H. ; and graduated at Harvard College, with high rank, in 1853. Entered the Law School the same year ; but went to Europe in 1855, where he remained fifteen months. He read law in the offices of Caleb Cushing, Ebenezer II. Hoar, and Horace Gray, jun. ; was admitted to the bar in 1856, and began prac tice in 1858. " After more than a score of years spent in courts," says Hon. J. G. Abbott, "almost living in them, ... I can only say, without being invidious to my friends around me, I never knew so young a person, in the whole of my acquaintance, or in the whole length or breadth of the Commonwealth, whose future had more promise than the future of Colonel Dwight." On the approach of war, he resigned all his prospects. Early deliberating upon the best means of forming a regiment, his plans fell in with those of Colonel Gordon. His success in raising the regimental fund, his errand to the Secretary of War, and his efficiency in the formation of the regiment, have been described in earlier pages. He was appointed major, 24 May, 1861 ; lieutenant- colonel, 13 June, 1862. He commanded the rear-guard in the various skirmishes of the 24th of May, 1862. " Our major," wrote an officer, " has won for himself the heartfelt admiration of the regiment. His indomitable pluck and sangfroid were beautiful." In passing through Winchester, he became a prisoner, while advancing to assist a woun ded soldier; but was soon paroled. He rejoined the regiment near Damascus, on the march to Antietam. He fell at Antietam, and died on the 19th of September, 1862. While mortally wounded, opening his eyes after a period of exhaustion, and finding the chaplain bending over him, he said, " It is all right, Mr. Chaplain, I know I am done for ; but I want you to understand I don t flinch a hair. I should like to live a iew days, so as to see my father and mother. . . . But apart from that, if God calls for me this minute, I am ready to go." His genial qualities, care of the men, coolness, endurance, and eminent ability, had won, equally, respect and affection. He was buried in Brookline, six companies of the Massachusetts Forty-fourth doing escort duty. 478 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. On the 24th of September, the members of the Suffolk Bar assem bled in large numbers, on a call from Sydney Bartlett, Benjamin R. Curtis, Josiah G. Abbott, and Richard H. Dana, jun., who were ad dressed by Mr. Abbott, Josiah Quincy, jun., Mr. Dana, F. E. Parker, and Horace Gray, jun., and adopted resolutions, which were presented at the October term of the Supreme Judicial Court, Mr. Justice Hoar presiding, by Hon. J. G. Abbott, who introduced his motion to enter them on the records, with appropriate remarks. The proceedings of the Bar, and at the term of Court, were pri vately printed. A sketch of his life appears in the " Harvard Memo rial," i. 271-293. Lucius MANLIUS SARGENT, son of Lucius M. and Sarah C. (daugh ter of Samuel Dunn), was born in Boston, Mass., 15 Sept., 1826. In 1844, he entered Harvard College, but ended his connection in the second year. He received, however, the degree of A.M. with his class. Studying medicine, he graduated at the Harvard Medical School, in 1857. As a physician and surgeon, he was a man of rare promise. On the breaking out of the rebellion, he promptly offered his ser vices as surgeon of the Second, and was appointed 28 May, 1861. His faithfulness and success will long be remembered by the men of the regiment. He was offered the place of brigade-surgeon ; but resigned his medical commission, and accepted, 31 Oct., 1861, that of captain in the First Massachusetts Cavalry, under Colonel Robert Williams. Long before he became a field-officer, it was said that " no more thoroughly exact soldier, in the theory of regimental cavalry tactics and evolutions, existed out of the French service." In recon- noissance, the lamented General Stevens esteemed him as of the first among volunteers. He was promoted major, 2 Jan., 1864 ; lieutenant-colonel, 30 Sept., 1864. Was severely wounded, near the region of the heart, at Aldie, 17 June, 1863, and left for dead upon the field. But he returned to service after a few weeks absence, with his wound unhealed. At Bellfield, Va., 9 Dec., 1864, " in a most gallant charge, contributing in an eminent degree to the success of the late movement," says General Davies, he fell in front of his column, " sword in hand," and in two hours expired. Colonel Sargent was married, 22 Sept., 1847, to Letitia Sullivan, daughter of Jonathan Arnory, Esq., of Jamaica Plain. She and four children survive him. An obituary was published in the "Boston Advertiser," 20 Dec., 1864, and one in the " Harvard Memorial," i. 142-146. FRANCIS LELAND, son of Joseph P. and Tryphena (daughter of Dr. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 479 Abijah Richardson, a surgeon in the Revolutionary army), was born in Sherborn, Mass. Graduated at Brown University in 1888. Studied medicine at the Tremont Medical School, and graduated M.D., Har vard, 1842, and commenced practice in Milford, where he still resides. He was appointed surgeon in the Second, 11 Oct., 1801. Was himself wounded in the head, while attending to the wounded on the field of battle at Cedar Mountain. He soon returned to duty, but subsequent impaired health proved inadequate, and he resigned 24 Oct., 1862. His kindness, faithfulness, and skill are gratefully remembered. LINCOLN RIPLEY STONE was born in Bridgeton, Me., 5 Aug., 1832; son of (Rev.) Thomas T. and Laura (Poor) Stone. Studied medicine with Dr. William Mack, of Salem ; graduated M.D., Har vard, in 1854, and practised in Salem. Was commissioned assistant- surgeon in the Second, June 1, 1861, and immediately went to Camp Andrew. In August, 1861, he was temporarily detached to the hos pital at Hagerstown. Was in charge of the large hospital at Fred erick, Md., in the winter of 1861-62. When Banks was at Harris- burg, he was in charge of the hospital (built by the rebels) at Mount Jackson, and afterwards at Strasburg. When Jackson entered Win chester, Dr. Stone became a prisoner, remaining at the post of duty. His brave conduct at Antietam insured his promotion, which was dated Nov. 7, 1862. When Shaw left the Second to become colonel of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, Surgeon Stone was transferred to that regiment, and was on duty in the events when Shaw fell. He was afterwards appointed assistant-surgeon of volunteers, and surgeon of volunteers, 3 Dec., 1863, and was placed in charge of different hospi tals until the close of the war. He was mustered out in 1865. He was married, 17 Feb., 1864, to Harriet Hodges, of Salem. WILLIAM HENRY HEATH, son of Douglas M. and Rebecca (Currier) Heath, was born in Epsom, N.H., 19 March, 1829. Read medicine with Dr. Edward Moore, of Boston, and graduated M.D., Harvard, in 1853. Commenced practice, in 1854, in Stoneham, Mass. When news came that both the surgeons were made prisoners in Banks s retreat, Dr. Heath was summoned to Boston by the surgeon- general. He consented to leave that afternoon, and did so without returning to his home. He joined near Bartonsville, 3 June, 1862, and soon accepted, 27 July, 1862, the place of second assistant-sur geon. He was appointed surgeon, 24 April, 1863. He served with great faithfulness and zeal, being distinguished as a very careful and skilful operator. His health failed before Atlanta, in consequence of his untiring attention to duty. He was sent back to hospital on Look out Mountain, and died 23 Aug., 1864. He was buried at Stoneham, Mass. 480 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. He was married, 22 Aug., 1861, to Delia Maria Belknap, of Stone- ham. ALONZO HALL QUINT, only son of George and Sally W. (Hall) Quint, was born in Barnstead, N.H., 22 March, 1828. Fitted for college at Franklin Academy, Dover, N.H. ; graduated Dartmouth, 1846 ; studied medicine a year and a half; entered Andover Theo logical Seminary in 1849, graduated in 1852, and remained a year for further study. Was ordained pastor of the Mather (Trinitarian Con gregational) Church at Jamaica Plain, West Eoxbury, Mass., 27 Dec., 1853. Was member of the State Board of Education, 1855 to 1861 ; member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, New-England His toric-Genealogical Society, and corresponding member of New- Hampshire and New- York Historical Societies. Early in June, 1861, was appointed chaplain of the Second, for which his church gave him leave of absence for two years. Was commissioned 20 June. Was se verely sick in 1863, in consequence of " exposure in the line of duty," from which he did not recover completely, though returning in Au gust. In the Atlanta campaign, partly by advice of surgeon, and partly from other considerations, availed himself of the opportunity to be mustered out. Was settled over the North Congregational Church, New Bedford, Mass., 21 July, 1864. Received the degree of D.D., from Dartmouth, in 1866. Mr. Quint was married 31 Jan., 1864, to Rebecca P., daughter of Allen Putnam, Esq., of Salem. Children : George Putnam, born 21 Oct., 1854, died 15 Nov., 1855 ; Clara Gadsden, born 23 July, 1858 ; Wilder Dwight, born 15 Nov., 1863. JAMES WIGHTMAN, son of Joseph Wightman (Mayor of George town, Prince-Edward Island), was born in Georgetown, Prince-Ed ward Island, 1 April, 1840. He came to Boston in 1858; read medi cine with Dr. Campbell, of East Boston, and graduated at Harvard Medical School in 1862. He was appointed second assistant-surgeon in the Second, 19 March, 1862, and joined for duty on the 28th. In the battle of Chancellorsville he did faithful service ; and after it, was assigned to duty at Acquia Creek hospital, where his unremitting la bors, added to the previous exposures, induced typhoid fever, of which he died, at Washington, 15 June, 1863. WILLIAM NICHOLS, Jun., son of (Dr.) William and Rebecca (Dona- hoe) Nichols, was born in Boston, Mass., 10 Dec., 1840. Fitted for college at Boston Latin School, and Brookline High School ; but his health failing, went to Fayal. He read medicine with Dr. Josiah Curtis, of Boston, and took his degree at Harvard in 1861. Was em ployed in medical service with the army from 10 April, 1862, to 20 April, 1863 ; was appointed assistant-surgeon in the Second, 5 May, AP LA COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 481 18G3. He served at Gettysburg, with great bravery and zeal ; and in the campaigns to Atlanta (on the field at Resaca) and Savannah. He was appointed surgeon, 27 Sept., 1864, but accepted instead the posi tion of surgeon of the Third Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, 9 Dec., 1864, with Avhich he served, as well as in charge of medical service in the forts about Washington, until he was mustered out, 18 Sept., 1865. CURTIS EMERSON MUNN, son of Apollos and Elmira Munn, was born in Windsor, Vt., 2 Feb., 1836. Was civil engineer, but studied medicine with Dr. James Holland, Westfield, Mass., and graduated at Harvard Medical School in 1863. Was appointed assistant-surgeon, Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, 3 July, 1863 ; surgeon in the Second, 5 Dec., 1864, joining at Savannah. Mustered out with the regi ment. CHARLES WIIEATON, Jun., was born in Warren, R.I., 31 May, 1835 ; son of Charles and (....) Wheaton. He was educated at the Collegiate Institute, in Warren, and had entered on mercantile business in Boston, Mass., when the war commenced. He was appointed adjutant, being commissioned first-lieutenant May 28, some time after having entered upon his duties at Camp Andrew. Declining promotion in the line, he continued to be adjutant, until de tailed upon the staff of General Gordon in early summer in 1862. Being appointed commissary of subsistence, with the rank of captain, 17 July, 1862, he was assigned to duty with General Gordon ; he was afterwards chief-commissary of General Weitzel s Corps, and entered Richmond with that General. With him, also, he went to Texas. He served until the end of the war. ROBERT MORRIS COPELAND, son of Benjamin F. and Julia (Rug- gles) Copeland, was born in Roxbury, Mass., 11 Dec., 1830. Was in business when war approached. Appointed quartermaster of the Sec ond about 22 April, 1861 ; commissioned 28 May. Obtained Brook Farm, West Roxbury, for camp ground, and had the entire work of procuring supplies, c. His unwearied and faithful industry, together with his business ability, proved of great use. In August, 1861, he was detailed as aide to General Banks ; and, 27 Nov., appointed assistant adjutant-general, with rank of Major. He served with General Banks while he remained in service. At the battle of Kernstown, in March, 1862, his gallantry was conspicuous. His strong sympathies with the movements against slavery led him to seek a transfer to the command of General Hunter ; but, on the 6th of August, 1862, he was suddenly dismissed the service, by order of the Secretary of War, on the alleged ground of having " violated an important trust ; " a charge which Senator Sumner, after full examination, pronounced unjust. All 31 48 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. efforts to obtain a hearing, though aided by Governor Andrew and some of the most eminent citizens of Massachusetts, failed. " His fellow-citizens knew him too well to believe him guilty of dishonorable conduct." That the charge was unjust, appears perfectly clear. A full account is given in a pamphlet. He was married, 29 June, 1854, to Josephine Gannett Kent. Chil dren : Frederick Kent, born 22 Aug., 1855 ; Kobert Morris, born 29 Aug., 1857, died 9 Sept., 1858 ; Ella Bradford, bora 30 Nov., 1858 ; Robert Janies, born 8 Jan., 1801 ; Josephine Russell, born 28 Sept., 1865, died 22 May, 1866. 1 FRANCIS HENRY TUCKER, son of William (late of Boston) and Mary Ann (Kirkly) Tucker, was born in Boston, Mass., 28 Feb., 1830. Removed to St. Louis, Mo., in 1845; was in business there until March, 1861. Captain in the Second, 24 May, 1861 ; resigned 12 Dec., 1861. GREELY STEVENSON CURTIS, son of James F. and ...(...) Curtis, was born in Boston, Mass., 21 Nov., 1830. Was in the public Latin School two years, and a year and a half in the Scientific School at Cambridge. Engineer from 1848 to 1851; and subsequently in California, the East Indies, and Canada. Captain, 24 May, 1861 ; major in the First Massachusetts Cavalry, 31 Oct., 1861 ; lieutenant- colonel, 30 Oct., 1862. He was in command of that regiment in the action at Kelley s Ford, 17 March, 1863, and in the various actions and movements up to the middle of July. Disability, from disease, forced him to resign, 4 March, 1864. JAMES SAVAGE, jun., only son of (Hon.) James and Elizabeth Otis (Stillman) Savage, was born in Boston, Mass., 21 April, 1832. Fitted for college at the Boston Latin School, and graduated at Harvard in 1854. After passing a year in Europe, being in poor health, he settled upon a farm, in Ashby, Mass. At the first shot, he determined to enter the service ; and becoming associated with Colonel Gordon, began to enlist Company D. Captain, 24 May, 1861 ; rendered good service with Company D in Banks s retreat, both on the road and as skir mishers, on the 25th of May. Major, 13 June, 1862. In the battle of Cedar Mountain, his horse was shot under him ; and, very soon after, he was wounded by the flank fire of the enemy, being struck by two balls, one of which broke the upper bone of the right arm near the shoulder, and the other shattered the lower bone of the right leg. He 1 From this point, the names occur in the order of rank, except that first lieu tenants Wheaton and Copeland (adjutant and quartermaster) were understood to follow the original ten captains. The rank, on the regimental books, was determined by date of muster, not date of commission. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 483 was taken prisoner, and carried first to a farm-house in the neighbor hood, and afterwards to a hospital in Charlottesville, where his brother- in-law, Professor William B. Rogers, had formerly resided, as professor in the University, and where attached friends were not unmindful of the claims and duties of that friendship. The nature of his wounds made it necessary that both the arm and the leg should be ampu tated : upon the latter the operation was successfully performed, and that upon the former was delayed till the exhausted system might gain strength enough to bear the new drain upon its energies. At first, the symptoms were favorable, but it proved that his system could not meet the demands which Avere made upon it, and he died, 22 Oct., 1862. His promotion to the rank of lieutenant-colonel took place after he was made a prisoner, on 17 Sept., 1862. All who knew him can appreciate the following extract from the " Boston Advertiser : " "He was as gentle as he was brave. He had a heart of feminine tenderness, and a character of feminine purity. He shrank from no danger or exposure himself; but he Avas always thoughtful and consid erate for others. He was a fine combination of the gentleman, the Christian, and the soldier, carrying into the profession of arms, and maintaining, amid scenes of blood and violence, the high sense of duty, the disinterestedness, the elevated tone, Avhich ensure confidence and respect in the avocations of peace." , A sketch of his life is given in " Harvard Memorial," i. pp. 328- 350. EDAVARD GARDINER ABBOTT, son of (Hon.) Josiah G. and Caroline (Livermore) Abbott, was born in LoAvell, Mass., 29 Sept., 1840. Was fitted for college at LoAvell High School, and graduated at Harvard in 1860. He commenced reading laAv with Samuel A. Brown, Esq., of Lowell. The day after the attack of the Baltimore mob upon the Sixth regiment, he commenced raising a company in Lowell, Avhich Avas im mediately filled, and organized under the militia laws. His company was the first to go to Camp AndreAv, on 11 May, 1861. Commission dated, 24 May. He Avas actively engaged in the skirmishes and battle of "Banks s Retreat." His company was engaged as skir mishers at Cedar Mountain, \vhere he Avas killed, 9 Aug., 1862, by a ball striking him in the neck. His body Avas sent home for burial. The funeral services took place in Emanuel Church, Boston, 17 Aug., 1862. The exercises at the church consisted of the usual Episcopal burial-service, conducted by Rev. Dr. Edson, of Lowell, and Rev. Charles Grafton, of Baltimore ; with a feAV touching remarks on the virtues of the deceased, by his old pastor, Dr. Edson. A dele gation of the city government of LoAvell was present, having arrived 484 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. by a special train from Lowell. At the request of many friends, the parents of the deceased consented to have the remains buried at Lowell. The whole population of Lowell, and many from surrounding towns, turned out to witness the funeral cortege, and to pay the last tribute of respect to one who, in the flush of manhood, tendered his services to the government in the first hour of her danger, and gallantly per formed his duty until the fatal bullet deprived the country of one of her bravest sons. Of fine abilities, brave, manly, and true, his loss was greatly deplored. In addition to appreciative notices published in the Boston and Lowell newspapers, a sketch of his life is given in " Harvard Memo rial," ii. pp. 82-96. SAMUEL MILLER QUINCY, son of (Hon.) Josiah Quincy, jun., and Mary Jane (Miller) Quincy, was born in Boston, Mass., 13 June, 1833. Fitted for college in the school of W. H. Brooks, and gradu ated at Harvard in 1852. Head law in the office of P. W. Chandler, and was admitted to practice in 1855. Was one of the editors (with Hon. John Lowell) of the " Law Reporter." In 1861, he was a member of the House of Representatives, from Ward 4, Boston ; and it was during this service that he was commissioned as captain, 24 May. At the battle of Cedar Mountain, he was wounded in two places ; the wound in the foot proved severe, and permanently injurious. He was taken prisoner at the same time, was carried to Stanton, and then to Libby Prison, Richmond, where he endured hardships which, with his wound, severely taxed his strength. Paroled, he arrived in Wash ington in October, 1862, but he was entirely unable to return to duty until 6 March, 1863. He was a captain when he had last seen the regiment; he returned such had been the losses as colonel, hav ing been promoted major, 17 Sept., 1862, and colonel, 9 Nov., 1862. Commanded the regiment in the Chancellorsville campaign and battle, and returned with it to Stafford Court-house. But the hardships of that movement satisfied him that he had, in his earnestness, entirely over-estimated his strength, weakened by the wounds from which he still suffered, and by his captivity. Unwilling to retain a posi tion whose duties he could not fully discharge, and in the hope of obtaining a staff position, where he could be useful with less hard ship, till he should regain his health, he resigned the colonelcy, 2 June, 1863. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Seventy-third United-States Colored Troops, 20 Oct., 1863, and detailed as inspector on the staff of General Andrews, at Port Hudson. Colonel, 21 May, 1864, and transferred (by consolidation) to the Ninety-sixth ; and, on the muster-out of that regiment, colonel of the Eighty-first United- COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 485 States Colored Troops, 5 Jan., 1866. On 13 March, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier-general, " for gallant and meritorious services dur ing the war." RICHARD CART, youngest child of (Hon.) Thomas Graves and Mary (Perkins) Gary, was born in Boston, Mass., 27 June, 1835, and named for Colonel Richard Gary, who served on the staff of General Wash ington. Was educated at the Boston Latin School. At seventeen, he was sent South for his health, and formed, in Mobile, Ala., pleasant relations, which led him, a few years later, to select that city for his residence. 25 Oct., 1858, he was married to Helen Eugenia, daughter of Philo S. Shelton, Esq., of Boston, and returned to Mobile, where he had entered into the firm of D. A. D wight & Co., commission- merchants. In 1860, he left this firm, and commenced business for himself in New Orleans. He returned North in March, 1861, and entered the service as soon as possible. Captain in the Second, 24 May, 1861, in command of Company G. He served in Banks s re treat, and at Cedar Mountain, where, 9 Aug., 1862, he was mortally wounded. He lived until the following day, lying upon the field in the hands of the enemy, but watched by the faithful Williston, first sergeant of his company, also mortally wounded. He died without pain. His body was sent home, and buried from Trinity Church, 18 Aug., 1862. The body, which was hermetically sealed in a metallic coffin, enclosed in a casket, was borne to the church from the resi dence of Mr. Quincy Shaw, No. 26, Mount- Vernon Street. The casket was draped with the American flag. The burial service of the Epis copal Church Avas read, after which the minister made a brief address. The remains were buried at Mount Auburn. No person in the Second enjoyed more respect than this manly, honorable, and capable officer. WILLIAM COGSWELL, son of George* (M.DJ and Abigail (Parker) Cogswell, was born in Bradford, Mass., 23 Aug., 1838. Fitted for college at Kimball Union Academy, Plainfield, N.H., and at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. Entered Dartmouth in 1855, but left in 1856. Went to sea, and was gone fifteen months. Began to read law in 1858, and received the degree of LL.B., at Cambridge, in 1860 ; admitted to practice in 1860, and opened an office in Salem. On the morning of 20 April, 1861, he began to recruit a company, which was speedily filled, and went into camp on Winter Island on the 22d. May 14, it arrived at Camp Andrew, as part of the SECOND. His commission was dated May 24. In Banks s retreat, his services, and those of Company C, have been mentioned. In the autumn of 1862, he was in command of the regiment ; and, on the 23d of October, he was promoted from captain to lieutenant-colonel. At Sharpsburg, his expedition over the river has been referred to. At the battle of Chan- 486 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. cellorsville, he was severely wounde d in the shoulder ; returned, though but partially recovered, 10 July. Colonel, 6 June, 1863. In the West, he made, with the Second, the reconnoissance at Eesaca, 15 May, 1864, which proved the pivot of the action. When Sherman entered Atlanta, he was made post-commandant. From Atlanta to Milledge- ville, commanded a brigade. "A young officer, zealous, active, and brave," said General Hooker. Bre\ et-brigadier-general, 17 Dec., 1864. Was assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Twentieth Corps. His service at the battle of Averysbo- rough has been described. Was mustered out, 25 June, 1865, and returned to the practice of law. General Cogswell was married, 20 June, 1865, to Emma, daughter of the late Thorndike Proctor, of Bradford, Mass. JOEL PARKER WHITNEY, son of George and Sophia (Greenwood) Whitney, was born in Gardner, Mass., 27 June, 1836. He lived in New Orleans until his tenth year ; entered ShurtlefT College, 111., but was compelled to leave, by ill health ; made several sea voyages for his health, and engaged in business in Boston. He was a member of the Cadets. Captain in the Second, 24 May, 1861 ; but resigned, 2 July, 1861. He was afterwards tendered a position in the Twentieth Massachusetts, and also a position as major in the Sixteenth Massa chusetts, but felt obliged to decline each. Mr. Whitney was married, 30 June, 1859, to Frances, daughter of William Keith, of Roxbury, Mass. ADIN BALLOU UNDERWOOD, son of Orison and Hannah B. (Chee- ney) Underwood, was born in Milford, Mass., 19 May, 1828. Fitted for college at the University School, Providence, II. I., and graduated at Brown in 1849. Was in manufacturing business for one year; commenced the study of law in 1850 ; passed one year, 1852-53, in Europe ; was admitted to the bar in 1853 ; practised a year and a half in Milford ; opened an office in Boston in 1855. His early con nection with Colonel Gordon in the formation of the Second is already mentioned. Captain, 24 May, 1861. His service with Company I at Bartonsville has been described. In July, the llth, he was appointed major in the Thirty-third Massachusetts, then forming ; on the 24th, lieutenant-colonel ; and on the 3d of April, 1863, colonel. As such he commanded it at Chancellorsville, where his brigade, having been sent out to attack Jackson s trains, was not in the rout of the Eleventh Corps, to which it belonged. At Gettysburg, he was on Cemetery Hill. In the West, he was in the movement of Hooker, which cleared the south side of the Tennessee to the base of Lookout Mountain ; when, at Wauhatchie, 29 Oct., 1863, he was most severely wounded, "a compound comminuted fracture of the upper third of the right thigh COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 487 bone." His life was despaired of, but he was taken to Nashville, where, after weeks of patient care, he so far recovered as to go North. Unasked for, the commission of brigadier-general was sent him, 22 Jan., 1864. When sufficiently recovered, he was made president of a military commission at Washington. Being appointed by the Presi dent, 1 Sept., 1865, to the office of surveyor in the Custom-house at Boston, his resignation was accepted ; but not until he was bre vetted major-general, to date from 13 March, 1865. General Underwood was married to Jane Lydia Walker, of Newton, Mass., 5 June, 1856. Children: Amy, born 28 March, 1857; Anna, born 4 May, 1859; William Orison, born 5 May, 1861. RICHARD CHAPMAN GOODWIN, son of Ozias and Lucy N. (Chap man) Goodwin, was born in Boston, Mass., 11 Oct., 1833. Fitted for college, under private instruction, and in the Boston Latin School; and graduated at Harvard in 1854. He entered the counting-room of William S. Bullard, of Boston, but soon went to Europe, where he remained until 1858. Captain in the Second, 24 May, 1861. He served faithfully with the regiment, though suffering much from ill-health. His devotion to duty was entire. Once, when asked why he did not get into an ambulance, he replied to the chaplain, " I can not ride while my men must go on foot," though at that time his socks were wet with blood. He fell at Cedar Mountain, where, almost helpless from disease, he had been assisted up the hill. His body was sent home. The Rev. Mr. Bartol, in a commemoration sermon (printed), Aug. 24, said, "You know that another of our number is gone from us, one of the four captains that fell together in the battle of Cedar Mountain, and the fourth officer during the year slain from among ourselves, in this rebellion against God and man, while a fifth sank under a fatal disease. I need not mention the name, long familiar in this place as it is, which has already been on all your tongues. He, too, has dedicated his prime to the duty of the hour. The captain of Company K, in that Second Regiment of Massachu setts Volunteers, which will fill a shining page in our history, at the motion of his own will, obedient to the pleading within him of his country s call, gathered his men, and, from his situation of indepen dence and comfort, went into all the labor and hazard of the war, with the simple purpose of doing his part as he has, with unspotted honor to solve our awful problem. The colonel of the regiment testifies to what we learn on all hands of the respect he won from his brother-officers, and the devoted regard of those whom he led." See sketch in " Harvard Memorial," i. 294-5. CHARLES REDINGTON MUDGE, son of Enoch Redington and Caro line A. (Patten) Mudge, was born in New York, 22 Oct., 1839. 488 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Fitted for college in the school of Thomas G. Bradford, of Boston, and graduated at Harvard in 1860. He immediately began an educa tion for manufacturing ; but, on the approach of the war, he was active in raising a company, obtaining many men in Lynn and Swampscott, near his father s home in the summer. First lieutenant, 28 May, 1861 ; captain, 8 July. At Winchester he was wounded in the leg. He was hit by a bullet at Antietam, which pierced all his clothing and cut the skin, but did not disable him. Major, 9 Nov., 1862, and lieutenant colonel, 6 June, 1863. After Colonel Quincy s resignation, and in the absence of Lieutenant-colonel Cogswell in consequence of wounds, he was in command of the regiment, and as such led it in the action near Brandy Station, 9 June, and at Gettysburg. Its history at that place is already given. It was after saying, " It s murder ; but it s the order," he bravely led the regiment onward. But, halfway across the meadow, he fell dead. His body was sent home, and buried in the cemetery at Lynn, after a funeral service in Emanuel Church, Boston (Rev. Dr. Huntington officiating), where he had been con firmed a few months previous. Not twenty-four years of age, but manly, and judicious, and of course brave. A valuable memorial was privately printed, and a sketch appears in "Harvard Memorial," ii. 151-162. WILLIAM BLACKSTONE WILLIAMS, son of Moses and Mary (daugh ter of Thomas Blake, an officer of the Revolutionary army), was born in Boston, Mass., 18 Sept., 1830 ; removing to Jamaica Plain in 1832. Educated at the public schools, and in drawing and mathe matics under private teachers. Studied a year in the office of Mr. Whitney, civil engineer ; was employed on the Western Railroad, and assistant-engineer on the Cleveland and Columbus Railroad, where he continued until 1850, when he was selected as one of the corps of engineers to survey a railway route across the Isthmus of Tehuante- pec, in which he crossed from ocean to ocean. After a year, the sur vey was abandoned ; he returned, and engaged with others in building sections of the Maysville and Big-Shanty Road ; and then as a con tractor on the Mobile and Ohio Road. After finishing his contracts, he went to Europe in 1858, where he spent a year and a half. Soon after his return, the rebellion broke out. He entered the service as first lieutenant, commissioned 28 May, 1861, Company E. He was in Banks s retreat, and at Cedar Mountain, where he was killed, 9 Aug., 1862. Generous and upright, cool, reflective, sagacious, resolute in purpose, courageous, it was no common loss, as a man and an officer. His remains were sent home, and buried, 17 Aug. Said the " Boston Journal " of the 18th of August : " The funeral services of this brave and popular officer, who fell at the battle of Cedar o WGflJLOARO So WO L10AP] So COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 489 Mountain, were observed in the Unitarian Church at Jamaica Plain, yesterday afternoon. The other churches were closed, out of respect to the deceased. The casket, draped with the American flag and covered with the most exquisite flowers, rested upon a table in front of the pulpit. Over the casket was placed Captain Williams s sword, on which was a beautiful cross of white flowers, with the hilt just visible at the top. The pulpit was also draped with the national flag. The services were conducted by Rev. Dr. Thompson, the pastor, who gave a discourse [printed] in which the character, life, and death of Captain Williams were dwelt upon, and an appreciative considera tion given to the cause, objects, and results of the war, in which so many brave lives are sacrificed. After the services, the remains were borne to Forest-Hills Cemetery." " In whom," well said Dr. Thompson, " all the elements of genu ine manliness were mixed in due proportion, and compacted into a stature physical, intellectual, and moral of rare beauty and com pleteness ; a soldier worthy of his name, without a stain upon his life to make his father sad or ashamed. Born to the prospective inheri tance of ample wealth, he scorned the indolent effeminacy which such a condition too often induces. Though opposed to the political party which brought the Administration into power, yet he saw at a glance that there was but one course for a patriot like himself to take ; and that was, to devote his energies and his life, without reserve or stint, to the defence and preservation of the national existence thus auda ciously imperilled." HEXRY STURGIS RUSSELL, son of George R. and Sarah (daughter of Robert G. Shaw) Russell, was born in Dorchester, Mass., 21 June, 1838. Fitted for college under the care of Epes S. Dixwell, and graduated at Harvard in 1860. First lieutenant, 28 May, 1861 ; cap tain, 13 Dec., 1861. He was taken prisoner at Cedar Mountain, 9 Aug., 1862. Was appointed colonel of the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry, 5 April, 1864, and served in Virginia. He was wounded, in the shoulder, at Bailor s farm, before Petersburg, Va., 15 June, 1864. Was honorably discharged, 15 Feb., 1865. Was married, 6 May, 1863, to Mary Hathaway, daughter of John M. Forbes. Children: James Savage, born 8 March, 1864; Ellen Forbes, born 30 Dec., 1865. MARCUS MORTON HAWES, son of William and Maria (daughter of Governor Marcus Morton) Hawes, was born in New Bedford, Mass., 23 Sept., 1836. Removed to Boston in 1844. Fitted for college in the Boston Latin School and in the care of Epes S. Dixwell, and gradu ated at Harvard in 1858. He was in commission business until the war. First lieutenant, 24 May, 1861. Was acting-quartermaster, 12 490 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Aug., 1861, and appointed to that place, Nov. 27. On the 31st of March, 1862, he was acting brigade-commissary, and was appointed assistant-quartermaster, with the rank of captain, 17 July, 1862. He was with General Gordon until November, when he was assigned to duty with General Andrews, then about to go South in the expedition of General Banks. He assisted in the preparations at New York, and went to New Orleans in January, 1863. Was subsequently assigned to duty with the chief quartermaster, and served until February, 1865, when his resignation was accepted. He remained in business in New Orleans. GEORGE PEMBERTOX BANGS, son of George P. (late of Boston) and Elizabeth (Simpkins) Bangs, was born in Boston, Mass., 29 July, 1835. Fitted for college under a private tutor, and entered Amherst ; but removed to the Scientific School at Cambridge, where he studied a year. In 1855-56, he sailed to California and the East Indies ; and in 1857 travelled in Europe. First lieutenant in the Second; com missioned, 28 May, 1861; captain, 13 June, 1862; was in the battles of Winchester, Cedar Mountain, and Antietam ; but resigned 29 March, 1863, on account of continued disease, contracted in the line of duty. WILLIAM DWIGHT SEDGWICK, only son of Charles and Elizabeth (Dwight) Sedgwick, was born in Lenox, Mass., 27 June, 1831. Fit ted for college, one year at a French school in New York, and at Stockbridge and Lenox ; and graduated at Harvard in 1851. He spent the winter in a law office ; then went to Europe, where he remained seventeen months, studying at the universities of Gottingen and Bres- lau ; returning, spent a year at the Cambridge Law School, and com menced practice in St. Louis, Mo. He returned to enter the service ; first lieutenant in the Second, 28 May, 1861. Ordnance officer of the division, 14 Aug. ; was appointed assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of captain, 16 Sept., 1861, and placed on the staff of Gen eral Sedgwick, with whom he served with distinguished ability. He was promoted major, 7 Aug., 1862. In the battle of Antietam, he was mortally wounded, dying 29 Sept., at Keedysville. He married, in 1857, at Hanover, Germany, Louisa Frederica, daughter of Professor A. Tellkampf, of that place. A sketch of his life appears in " Harvard Memorial," i. 179-189. CHARLES FESSENDEN MORSE, son of Robert M. and Sarah M. (daughter of Fessenden Clarke) Morse, was born in Boston, Mass., 22 Sept., 1839. Graduated at the Cambridge Scientific School (B. S.) in 1857, and for three years was occupied as architect. He took an active part in the formation of the Second ; first lieutenant, 28 May, 1861. Either with the regiment or on staff of a general officer, he COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 491 was in every action of the regiment. Captain, 11 July, 1862; major, 6 June, 1863 ; lieutenant-colonel, 4 July, 1863. Was provost-marshal of the Twelfth Corps in the Chancellorsville campaign, and was pVes- ent witli General Slocum at Chancellor House ; and held the same position until the consolidation of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, early in 1864. When that took place, he returned to the regiment* of which he was repeatedly in command ; on the campaign towards Atlanta, and from 16 Jan., 1865, the time of Colonel Cogswell s brevet as brig adier, he continued in command. As such, he was in the battle of Averysborough, 16 March, 1864, where he was seriously wounded in the shoulder. He led home the regiment in June, 1865. Commissioned colonel, by the Governor, 24 July, 1865 ; and was brevetted colonel by the President, "for gallant and meritorious service, during the recent campaigns in Georgia and the Carolinas, a colonel of volun teers by brevet, to rank as such from the 13th day of March, A.D. 1865." THOMAS LAWRENCE MOTLEY, son of Thomas and Maria B. (Davis) Motley, was born in Boston, Mass., 23 Sept., 1835. Was two years on a voyage to China. At the breaking out of the war, went to Fort Independence, as a member of the New-England Guards. First lieu tenant in the Second, 28 May, 1861. Dec. 25, 1861, he was com missioned captain in the First Massachusetts Cavalry ; was promoted to be major, 5 March, 1862. He was severely wounded in right leg and the right arm, at Ashland, Va., 11 May, 1864, in Sheridan s movement; he has never entirely recovered the use of his arm. Was appointed assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of major; and mustered out, 1 Sept., 1866. EDWIN RUTHVEN HILL, son of Benjamin and Anstiss Peirce (Lane) Hill, was born in Salem, Mass., 18 April, 1826. He served in the war with Mexico, and there contracted disease which never entirely left him. First lieutenant (Company C), 28 May, 1861. Resigned from disability, 29 Nov., 1861. Upon partial recovery, he served, in the Salem Cadets, six months at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor. He after wards enlisted in the Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry, and was com missioned 21 Sept., 1864. He fell in action, 9 Dec., 1864. The " Boston Transcript " said : " First lieutenant Edwin R. Hill, Fifty-fifth Massachusetts (and acting aide on the second brigade staff), was killed near the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, on the 9th instant, by a shot through the thigh, severing the artery, and caus ing hemorrhage that proved fatal before a surgeon could be procured, Lieutenant Hill being at the vevy front. A correspondent writes from Hilton Head that this young officer was formerly a lieutenant in the old Second Massachusetts, where he maintained a high reputation, 492 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. resigning from ill-health. He afterwards recovered, and enlisted in the Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry. While serving in this capacity, on tolly Island, he met, in the Fifty -fifth Massachusetts, some of his old friends of the Second, by whose influence he was recommended to the Government for a commission. He was mustered as first lieu tenant the very day on which the regiment left Hilton Head on the expedition, and in the action at Honey Hill he was very efficient, acting as aide-de-camp in the hottest of the fire. He was knocked off from his horse by the concussion of a shell and somewhat injured in this action, but returned to the front. Lieutenant Hill was a man of quiet, dignified manners, and fine military judgment and experience. His career in the Fifty -fifth was brief, but it leaves a glorious record, which will be tenderly cherished by his companions in arms/" Mr. Hill was married, 6 Sept., 1852, to Abby E. H. Kinsley, of Salem, and left children. HARRISON GRAY OTIS WEYMOTJTII, son of Stephen and Sarah Curtis (Cornor) Weymouth, was born in Clinton, Me., 16 Aug., 1840. Resided in Lowell. First lieutenant in the Second, 28 May, 1861 ; resigned, 2 July, 1861 ; captain in the Nineteenth Massachusetts, 3 Aug., 1861, and served until 4 April, 1863, when he was discharged for disability, having lost his left leg at the battle of Fredericksburg, 13 Dec., 1862, while in command of the regiment. Was appointed major in the First United-States Volunteer Infantry, a regiment recruited from rebel prisoners at Point Lookout ; and served as such until the regiment was mustered out, 27 Nov., 1865. ROBERT GOULD SHAW, jun., son of Francis George (now of New York) and Sarah B. (Sturgis) Shaw, was born in Boston, Mass., 10 Oct., 1837. Was educated at St. John s College, Fordham ; Neu- chatel, Switzerland; and Hanover, Germany; and three years in Harvard College, in the Class of 1860, which he left to enter the house of II. P. Sturgis & Co., New York. He served as private in the New- York Seventh, when it was summoned to Washington in the spring of 1861. Second lieutenant in the Second, 28 May, 1861; first lieu tenant, 8 July, 1861 ; captain, 10 Aug., 1862. At the battle of Cedar Mountain, he was aide to General Gordon, who officially mentioned his "labors and coolness." Captain Shaw was selected to command the first regiment of colored troops, and was accordingly commis sioned major of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, 31 March, 1863, and colonel, 17 April, 1863. His history from that time to his fall at Wagner, is national. He was killed 18 July, 1863, and buried where he fell. In addition to private record, a sketch appears in " Harvard Me morial," ii. 183-211. COMMISSIONED OFFICEBS. 493 HENRY LEE HIGGINSON, son of George and Mary Cabot (Lee) Higginson, was born in New York, 18 Nov., 1834. Soon after his birth, his parents removed to Boston. Fitted for college at Boston Latin School, and graduated at Harvard in 1851. Went to Europe in 1852, and remained a year and a half. After some time in the count ing-room of a mercantile house, he again went to Europe, in 1856, and remained until 1860. On the 28th of May, 1861, second lieuten ant in the Second ; first lieutenant, July 8. Appointed captain in the First Massachusetts Cavalry, 31 Oct., 1861; major, 26 March, 1862; but left the service, 9 Aug., 1864, on account of continued disability from disease. OCHRAN HANKS HOWARD, son of Benjamin and Mary (Sturtevant) Howard, was born in Ware, Mass., 19 Oct., 1838. Was in the Naval Academy, 1857 to 1861. Second lieutenant in the Second, 28 May, 1861 ; first lieutenant, 17 Sept., 1861 ; captain, 10 Aug., 1862. Was detached on service in the Signal Corps, 27 Aug., 1861, and never returned ; and was transferred to that corps when organized, 12 Sept., 1863, to rank from 3 March, 1863. He was in the Port Royal expe dition ; served in the special commands of Sherman, Hunter, Gilmore, and others ; with Grant at Vicksburg ; and in every rebel State except Texas. He was in service in 1866, brevet-major, and chief signal officer of the Department of the Gulf. He was married, January, 1861, to Miss Catharine Breck, of An napolis, Md. JAMES FRANCIS, son of James B. and Sarah W. (Brownell) Fran cis, was bom in Lowell, Mass., 30 March, 1840. Was in the school of Mr. Allen, Jamaica Plain ; and had spent a year in the studies of mechanical engineering, when, in April, 1861, he was appointed lieu tenant in the company raised by Captain Abbott (A). Second lieuten ant in the Second, 28 May, 1861; first lieutenant, 1 Nov., 1861; captain, 10 Aug., 1862. At the battle of Antietam, he was wounded in the hand, requiring amputation of fingers ; returned to duty, Dec. 1. Major, 4 July, 1863. Served in Georgia on the staff of General A. S. Williams, as division inspector. Was appointed lieutenant-colonel by the Governor, 24 July, 1865 ; and was brevetted lieutenant-colonel of volunteers, by the President, 13 March, 1865. Mustered out of service with the regiment in July, 1865. THOMAS RODMAN ROBESON, son of Thomas (late of Philadelphia) and Sybil (Washburn) Robeson, was born in New Bedford, Mass., 7 Nov., 1840. Fitted for college under the care of Francis M. Tower, of Cambridge, and graduated at Harvard in 1861. Second lieutenant in the Second, 28 May, 1861 ; first lieutenant, 30 Nov., 1861. De tached for service in the Signal Corps, in the fall of 1861 ; and was 494 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. in the actions at Roanoke Island and Newbern. Applying to be returned, he came back in the spring of 1862. In the battle of Cedar Mountain, he was wounded in the arm. Captain, 10 Aug., 1862. He was mortally wounded, in the thigh, at Gettysburg, 3 July, 1863, and died there, July 6. "The country," said the "Boston Advertiser," "has lost a brave, competent, and faithful officer in Captain Thomas Rodman Robeson, of Cambridge, of the Massachusetts Second Regiment, who fell severely wounded under the terrible fire to which his regiment was exposed at Gettysburg, on Friday morning, the 3d instant. His company had been posted in advance as skirmishers ; and, when his heroic regiment was ordered to make the charge in which half their number were cut down, he had just started to advance, when he fell, with the upper por tion of his thigh shattered into many pieces by a bullet. His remains were interred at New Bedford. Few officers of his rank were more serviceable than this brave young man. Though but twenty-two years of age, he had a thorough manliness of character, in harmony with his tall, strong form ; and this, with his personal dignity and un failing courage, gained him the respect of his men, and gave him unusual success in keeping them cool and steady in action." A sketch of his life is given in " Harvard Memorial," ii. 261-274. CHARLES PAINE HORTON, son of Henry K. and Helen M. (Barnes) Horton, was born in Boston, Mass., 1 Oct., 1837. Fitted for college at Chauncy Hall, Boston, and graduated at Harvard in 1857. Was in business at the South, but returned, and was commissioned second lieutenant in the Second, 28 May, 1861 ; first lieutenant, 1 Nov. He was upon Colonel Gordon s staff a short period, when that officer was in command of the brigade in the fall of 1861 ; and again in the spring of 1862, serving as such in Banks s retreat, when he had his "horse shot under him, as he usually did in battle ; and was men tioned by General Gordon for " efficiency, and gallant services in action." He was upon General Greene s staff when that officer was assigned to the command of the brigade, and continued with him when the general was transferred to another command. Assistant adjutant-general with the rank of captain, 17 July, 1862. He was, as such, in the battles of Cedar Mountain, Antietam, and Gettysburg. He also served as aide to General Heintzelman, being appointed 24 Aug., 1863. He remained in service until October, 1865. RUFUS CHOATE, only son of (Hon.) Rufus and Helen (daughter of Hon. Mills Olcott, of Hanover, N.H.) Choate, was born in Salem, Mass., 14 May, 1834, from which place his father soon removed to Boston. Fitted for college at the Boston Latin School, and graduated at Amherst in 1855. Studied law with his father, and at the Law COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 495 School (being absent in Europe in 1858) ; and commenced practice as a partner of his father and J. M. Bell. After the death of the former in 1859, he joined Henry F. Durant in practice, in which he continued until the spring of 1861, when he entered the army. Commissioned second lieutenant (Company I), 28 May; first lieutenant, 13 Dec., 1861 ; captain, 17 Aug., 1862. He was in Banks s retreat, at Cedar Mountain, and at Antietam. Severe and long-continued neuralgia, contracted, or at least greatly aggravated, by exposure in the mala rious districts, forced him to resign, 31 Oct., 1862. His disease in creased, affecting the brain ; and, after intense suffering, he died, 25 Jan., 1866, at the house of his brother-in-law, Edward E. Pratt, in Dorchester. The " Boston Traveller " said : " When our civil war broke out, Mr. Choate was in the practice of the law in this city, having, for a young man just starting in his profession, a large clientage. Every thing looked prosperously for him. There was every inducement, selfishly speaking, for him to remain at home. But the echoes from Sumter had scarcely ceased before he had offered his services to the government, for the war. " He was determined, to use his own language, to see the thing through/ and for this reason, among others, joined the Second Massa chusetts Regiment, which was, we believe, the first in the country organized for that length of time. Mr. Choate remained with his regiment till the autumn of 1862, when the disease, which attacked him shortly after he joined the army, compelled him to resign his commission. " He returned to his home, hoping that in a few months his health would be sufficiently restored to enable him again to join his regiment. But this hope was not to be realized. " His sufferings during the last four years have been almost unin terrupted and almost incredible. Death is to him literally a release. Yet during the whole he showed the same sweetness of temper, the same patience, the same uncomplainingness, that had always charac terized him. And yet they say I suffer/ said he, when the horrors of Andersonville were read to him. Through these four long and dreary years he completely ignored his own sufferings, except when he tried to show their lightness when compared with those of others. " The testimony of his brother officers, as of all who had ever known him well, is unanimous as to his wit, his humor, and his unfail ing humanity. And, indeed, the son of his father took these by inheritance. When he resigned his commission, one of them wrote, Choate has left, and with him goes the life of the regiment. No more fun now, but simple duty/ 496 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. " At the battle of Cedar Mountain, he and three other officers of the same regiment were so ill, that none but themselves thought of their taking part in the impending conflict. Not so they, how ever. They were helped or carried on to the field. One present wrote : " All our officers behaved nobly. Those who ought to have stayed away, wouldn t. Goodwin, Gary, Choate, and Stephen Perkins were all quite ill, but would not stay away from the fight. Ghoate is the only one of the four not killed. It was splendid to see those sick fellows walk right up into that shower of bullets, as if it were so much rain. " JAMES MARCH ELLIS, son of Granville and Mary Ann (March) Ellis, was born in Boston, 23 Nov., 1835. Fitted for college at the Boston Latin School, and graduated at Amherst in 1856. Studied law with Thornton Lothrop, Esq., and at the Cambridge Law School ; was in Europe in 1857 ; admitted to practice in 1858, and opened an office in Boston. Second lieutenant, 28 May, 1861 ; commissary of subsist ence, with the rank of captain, 22 Nov., 1861, and assigned to duty with General Abercrombie, with whom he had been serving since 8 Sept. Was afterwards with General Hartsuff, in the Department of the Gulf; and chief commissary of the Twenty-third Corps, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Left service in July, 1865. EGBERT BANCROFT BROWN, son of Robert (late of Salem) and Mary (Cleaveland) Brown, was born in Salem, Mass., 19 April, 1840. Was educated at Salem High School. Commenced reading law in the office of S. C. Bancroft, Esq., 22 March, 1859. Second lieutenant, 28 May, 1861; first lieutenant, 28 Nov., 1861. He was on duty at General Banks s headquarters, in the quartermaster s department, in the spring of 1862 ; but was relieved, at his own request, immediately after the battle of Cedar Mountain, to return to the regiment. Was appointed regimental quartermaster, 1 Sept., 1862; captain, 23 Oct., 1862. He remained with the regiment until the war was ended, having been in command at Atlanta and in South Carolina. Though in most of the battles of the regiment, he was never wounded. The war being ended, he resigned his commission, 15 April, 1865, being then senior captain. He had been admitted to the bar, in Salem, in February, 1864. ANSON DAVID SAWYER, son of David (late of Tinmouth) and Lucretia (Stafford) Sawyer, was born in Tinmouth, Vt., 17 Feb., 1833. He went to Boston in 1852. Was receiving officer at the House of Correction from 5 Sept., 1852, to March, 1861. Second lieutenant in the Second, 28 May, 1861; first lieutenant, 25 Dec., 1861 ; captain, 9 Nov., 1862. The last-named he declined, and was COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 497 appointed quartermaster, 1 Jan., 1863. This position he held until ill health made it necessary for him to resign, 3 Nov., 1864. STEPHEN GEORGE PERKINS, son of Stephen H. and Sarah (Sulli van) Perkins, was born in Boston, Mass., 18 Sept., 1835. Fitted for college under the instruction of Thomas G. Bradford and William P. Atkinson, and graduated at Harvard in 1856, having entered in 1851, and heing absent one year. Went to Europe in November, 1856, and returned in October, 1857. Entered the Cambridge Law School in March, 1858 ; the Scientific School, as student in mathematics, in 1859, where he remained until the war commenced. Second lieu tenant, 8 July, 1861 ; first lieutenant, 11 July, 1862. He was killed in the battle of Cedar Mountain, 9 Aug., 1862, and buried at Alex andria. A sketch of his life is given in " Harvard Memorial," i. 373-382. FLETCHER MORTON ABBOTT, son of (Hon.) Josiah G. and Caro line (Livermore) Abbott, was born in Lowell, Mass., 18 Feb., 1843. Educated at St. Paul s School (Rev. Dr. Coit), Corfcord. N.H., which he had just left when his brother (Edward G.) in April, 1861 was raising Company A, in which he was chosen a lieutenant. He was appointed second lieutenant (Company D), 8 July, 1861; first lieu tenant, 13 June, 1862. Served in Banks s retreat, Cedar Mountain, and Antietam. Was appointed on the staff of Brigadier-general William I) wight, and accompanied him to Louisiana, and passed through the campaigns of 1862-63 ; present at all the engagements and most of the skirmishes of that winter and spring; at Port Hudson during its siege, having previously accompanied General Dwight on his mission to General Grant, and being present at the first assault on Vicksburg. In the latter part of the fall of 1863, chronic disease, contracted in faithful discharge of duty, made it necessary for him to resign, 23 Dec., 1863. JAMES INGERSOLL GRAFTON, son of Joseph (a major in the war of 1812) and Maria (Gurley) Grafton, was born in Boston, Mass., 16 June, 1841. Fitted for college under private tutors, and entered Harvard in 1858. Left college to enter the service ; was appointed second lieutenant in the Second, 1 Nov., 1861, and joined the regi ment at Frederick; first lieutenant, 21 July, 1862; captain, 9 Nov., 1862. He was wounded in the head, at the battle of Cedar Moun tain ; returned to duty, 1 Oct., 1862. He was wounded at Chancel- lorsville in the leg, above the knee, and the ankle-bone of right leg struck ; returned before fully well. At the battle of Averysborough, N.C., 16 March, 1865, the last action of the regiment, he was killed. It was on the skirmish line, which was but a short distance in ad vance. The enemy was so near, and his fire so close, that it required 32 498 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. the greatest exertion to hold him until the necessary relief should arrive to attack his position. Captain Grafton had command of about twenty men, his own company and another, and worked hard with them against heavy odds, until he was struck in the leg. He started to the rear, but in his anxiety to do his whole duty, turned back to give some last instructions to his men, and received a mortal wound in the neck. He was seen staggering back, and was helped to the rear ; but he never spoke, and died in a few minutes. " He could not have found a nobler death," says the historian of the Great March, " nor could we have lost a nobler soul." A notice of him is given in " The Story of the Great March ; " and a sketch of his life is given in "Harvard Memorial," ii. 283-288. EUGENE EDWARD SHELTON, son of Philo S. and ...(...) Shelton, was born in Boston, Mass., 28 Dec., 1840. Educated at Boston High and Latin Schools. Second lieutenant, 1 Nov., 1861 ; first lieutenant, 21 July, 1862 ; adjutant, 13 Aug., 1862. He went to New Orleans on the staff of Brigadier-general Andrews, in the win ter of 1862-63, and was appointed Commissary of Subsistence, with rank of captain, 19 Feb., 1863. He was subsequently wounded, while in service at the South. [See "Additions."] DANIEL OAKEY, son of William F. (of New York) and Sally (Sul livan) Oakey, was born in New-York City, 5 July, 1842. Second lieutenant, 30 Nov., 1861; first lieutenant, 23 July, 1862; captain, 20 March, 1863. He was seriously wounded at Cedar Mountain ; re turned to duty, 11 Sept., 1862. He served through the war, in com mand of Company D, being in every action. He resigned, 3 July, 1865, and entered into business in New York. JOHN ANDREWS Fox, son of (Rev.) Thomas B. and Feroline W. (Pierce) Fox, was born in Newburyport, Mass., 23 Dec., 1835. Was civil engineer, 1854 to 1858 ; then architect, until the war opened. Second lieutenant, 6 Jan., 1862; first lieutenant, 10 Aug., 1862; adju tant, 1 Jan., 1863, in which position he served to the end of the war, declining promotion. In all the battles during his term of service, and how faithfully, all will remember ; but never wounded. He was mustered out, 26 July, 1865. Returned to the profession of archi tect. HENRY BRUCE SCOTT, son of Benjamin H. and Sarah (Carlisle) Scott, was born in Peru, Ind., 15 March, 1839. Graduated at Harvard College in 1860, and began the study of law. Second lieutenant, 16 Jan., 1862. Appointed assistant adjutant-general, with rank of cap tain, 17 July, 1862, and attached to staff of General Gordon. Was wounded, in the head, at Chancellorsville. He afterwards served in the Army of the James. He was appointed major in the Fourth COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 499 Massachusetts Cavalry, 18 Jan., 1865; lieutenant-colonel, 23 April, 1865, and mustered out, 14 Nov., 1865. FRANCIS WELCH CROWNINSHIELD, son of Edward Augustus and Caroline Maria ( Welch) Crowninshield, was born in Boston, Mass., 12 May, 1843. Fitted for college at Boston Latin School. In 1856-58 was in Europe. Entered Harvard in 1860, but left to enter the array. , Second lieutenant, 25 Dec., 1861; first lieutenant, 10 Aug., 1862; captain, 30 March, 1863. Wounded at Winchester, in leg, 25 May, 1862; returned, 17 Aug. Wounded at Antietam, in leg, 17 Sept., 1862 ; returned in Jan., 1863. At Chancellorsville, was bruised by a spent ball, which struck him in the chest. Severely wounded at Gettysburg, 3 July, 1863 ; returned, 28 Nov., I860. Wounded in the leg, near Raccoon Creek, in the Atlanta campaign, 6 June, 1864, but rejoined in November, and served through the war. Appointed major, 24 July, 1865, but not mustered as such. After the muster- out, he went to Europe, hoping to repair a constitution shattered by wounds and hardships. But the hope proved fallacious ; and he died, at Rome, 21 May, 1866, of disease contracted in the line of duty. Enthusiastic and ardent, brave and generous. A sketch appears in " Harvard Memorial," ii. 456-460. EVERETT WILSON PATTISON, son of (Rev. Dr.) Robert E. and ...(...) Pattison, was born in Waterville, Me., 22 Feb., 1839. Fitted for college at Pierce Academy, Middleboro , Mass., gradu ated at Waterville in 1858. After teaching in academies, was reading law in 1861. Enlisted as private, Company I, 27 May, 1861 ; and first sergeant. Second lieutenant, 4 Feb., 1862 ; first lieutenant, 10 Aug., 1862. Was long attached to General Williams s staff as com missary of musters. Captain, 13 Sept., 1863. Was mustered out, 28 May, 1865. At St. Louis, practising law. GEORGE FRANKLIN BROWNING, son of George B. and Elizabeth B. (Patterson) Browning, was born in Salem, Mass., 21 April, 1837. Enlisted in the Second, 13 May, 1861, and first sergeant of Com pany C. Quartermaster-sergeant in October, 1861. Second lieutenant, 14 Feb., 1862, in Company C ; first lieutenant, 9 Aug., 1862. While in command of Company C, he was severely wounded, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain. The wound (in the right hip) caused permanent lameness, and he was discharged, 23 Dec., 1862. First lieutenant in the Invalid Corps, First Regiment, 13 June, 1863. In December, 1866, was quartermaster upon the staff of General Swayne, Bureau of Refu gees and Freedmen, Department of Alabama. He was married at Winchester, Va., in 1862. ADAM MILLER, son of John C. (late of Stockbridge, Mass.), was born in HofFenbroebrach, Bavaria, 9 July, 1839 ; came to Stockbridge 500 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. in 1842. Enlisted as private, Company D, 21 May, 1861 ; sergeant, 15 June, 1861; second lieutenant^ 13 June, 1862; first lieutenant, 10 Aug. K 1862. Was severely wounded, in face, at Cedar Mountain, and prisoner; paroled, 24 Sept., 1862, and left Richmond, that day, reach ing the regiment, 28 Nov. But he was unable, from wounds, to dis- . charge his duties, and resigned, 30 Dec. He was afterwards an officer in the Veteran Reserve Corps. He was married, in the fall of 1862, to Miss Heath, of Lee, at Darnestovvn, Md. ALBERT WATSON POWERS, son of John H. and Clarissa (Patrick) Powers, was born in Warren, Mass., 1 Nov., 1839. In a mercantile house in 1861. Enlisted as private in Company G, 15 May, 1861, and made sergeant; first sergeant in H, 20 Dec., 1861. Wounded in leg, at Cedar Mountain, and in arm, at Chancellorsville. Second lieuten ant, 12 July, 1862; first lieutenant, 23 Oct., 1862; captain, 1 Nov., 1862. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. EDWARD AUGUSTUS PHALEN, son of Lawrence (late of Boston) and Anne (Johnson) Phalen, was born in Salem, Mass., 17 June, 1840. At High Schools in Danvers and Salem. Enlisted in Company C, 20 April, 1861 ; sergeant, 22 May ; first sergeant, 9 Oct. ; second lieutenant, 13 July, 1862; first lieutenant, 9 Nov., 1862; captain, 31 March, 1863. Was wounded, severely, at Cedar Mountain; returned, 15 March, 1863. Mustered out, 28 May, 1864. CHARLES JAMES MILLS, son of Charles H. and Anna Cabot Lowell (Dwight) Mills, was born in Boston, Mass., 8 Jan., 1841. Graduated at Harvard in 1860, and entered the Scientific School, to study engineering. Second lieutenant in the Second, 14 Aug., 1862, and joined for duty at Culpepper, Aug. 17 ; first lieutenant, 17 Aug., 1862. Was acting adjutant in the battle of Antietam, and was so severely wounded in the leg as never wholly to recover. Was dis charged for disability, 18 March, 1863. As soon as able, he re-entered the service, as first lieutenant and adjutant of the Fifty -sixth Massa chusetts, 22 Aug., 1863 ; captain, 7 July, 1864. Was appointed assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of captain, 6 Aug., 1864. Was as signed to headquarters of Ninth Corps, and afterwards of the Second Corps. He was killed in action, 31 March, 1865, at Hatcher s Run, while on the staff of Major-General Humphrey. He was buried at Forest-Hills Cemetery. The " Boston Transcript " said : " Youthful in appearance, Major Mills exhibited qualities of a noble manhood. His ambition to be a good soldier and to fight bravely for the national flag was gratified, by his zeal, perseverance, faithfulness, and unflinching courage. His mili tary career, though brief, was brilliant. He met the hardships and ^ COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 501 sufferings of his profession bravely, and faced death without fear. He belonged to that large body of the young men of Massachusetts, who, by education and conviction, were prepared to enter upon the uncon genial work of war, conscientiously and from principle, when the rebellion lifted the sword to destroy the unity and free institutions of the republic." A sketch of his life appears in "Harvard Memorial," ii. 141-150. THOMAS BAYLEY Fox, Jim., son of (Rev.) Thomas Bay ley and Feroline Walley (Pierce) Fox, was born in Newburyport, Mass., 1 Feb., 1839. Was fitted for college at the Dorchester High School ; graduated at Harvard in I860, near the head of the class, and was chosen class orator. He began the study of law in the offices of Hon. John A. Andrew and A. G. Browne, and entered the Law School at Cambridge. Was commissioned second lieutenant in the Second, 14 Aug., 1862, and joined, the same month, on the Rappahannock, in charge of recruits, and was kept in charge of them until near the time of the battle of Antietam, when he was assigned to duty with Com pany C, with which he fought in that battle. First lieutenant, 1 Nov., 1862; captain, 6 June, 1863. He was at Chancellorsville, Beverly Ford, and Gettysburg. His bold service with Company K, in the darkness of the night, July 2, has been referred to. On the 3d of May, 1863, in the centre of the meadow, he was hit in the left ankle. Of this wound he died, at Dorchester, 25 July. He was buried at Forest Hills Cemetery, 28 July. " Another hero has fallen," said Chaplain Humphreys, at his funeral. " Another lover of his country has sealed his devotion with his life. Let us not weep. The sacrifice was willing. . . . His fitting monument is his remembered life. . . . The record of his life is sim ple, but it is the simplicity of purity and nobleness. ... A casual acquaintance did not see his best qualities. He was so frank, that he would not conceal his worst side ; and so strong in his conscious integ rity, that he cared not to put forward his best side." In his service with the Second, no one saw a " worst side" in this genial and cheer ful officer; although it took time to fully appreciate the noble and gen erous qualities, and the force of character, which his modesty covered. His brief service was long enough to show a devotion to duty which was entire, ability sufficient for any emergency, and to make a record brave and bright. JOHN FRANCIS GEORGE, son of Edward 0. (of Lowell) and Ruth G. (Carter) George, was born in Boscawen, N.H., 29 Aug., 1838. Learned business of iron-machinist. Enlisted in Company A, 11 May, 1861, and was made sergeant. Was color sergeant, and carried the colors at Cedar Mountain, 9 Aug., 1862; second lieutenant, 10 Aug., 502 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. 1862 ; first lieutenant, 25 Dec., 1862 ; captain, 4 July, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. NATHAN DANE APPLETON SAWYER, son of Leverett A. and Mar tha A. (Kehew) Sawyer, was born in Salem, Mass., 25 Feb., 1839. At school in Salem ; at the West four years ; in business in Nashua, N.H., one year. Enlisted in Company A, 11 May, 1861 ; corporal, 25 May ; sergeant, 12 Feb., 1862; second lieutenant, 10 Aug., 1862; first lieutenant, 31 Dec., 1862; captain, 7 July, 1863. Was wounded at Winchester (ball through the body) ; returned, 13 Sept., 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg. Severely wounded at Peach-Tree Creek, 22 July, 1864 ; and resigned from disability, 15 May, 1865. He was then appointed military storekeeper, quartermaster s department, with rank of captain of infantry, 28 Sept., 1865, and stationed in Boston. GKORGE LORING BINNEY, son of Charles J. F. and Clarissa (daugh ter of Dea. George Loring, of Duxbury, Mass.) Binney, was born in Boston, Mass., 2 Sept., 1840. Enlisted in Company H, 11 May, 1861, and detailed as quartermaster s clerk. Appointed quartermaster- sergeant, 15 March, 1862. Second lieutenant, 10 Aug., 1862; first lieutenant, 19 March, 1863. Detached to corps quartermaster s de partment, 1 March, 1863. He served as aide to General Slocum, at the battle of Chancellorsville. Detailed as aide to General Kuger, 18 April, 1864; and again, 7 Nov., 1864, going with that general into the department of the Ohio, and served with him during the re mainder of the war. He was brevetted captain, and also major, United-States Volunteers, to date from 13 March, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Franklin." Mustered out, 26 July, 1865. GERALD FITZGERALD, son of William P. N. (of New York) and Sarah A. (Goodyear) Fitzgerald, was born in Troy, N.Y., 6 Sept., 1835. Educated at sub-department of Georgetown College, D.C. Entered Cambridge Divinity School in 1855; spent the year 1857-58 in Europe; graduated in 1859, and was ordained minister (Unitarian). Enlisted in Twelfth Massachusetts, 24 April, 1861, where he was sergeant-major. Second lieutenant in the Second, 25 Aug., 1862; first lieutenant, 20 March, 1863. He fell at Chancellorsville, a cul tivated scholar, a brave officer, and a courteous man, 3 May, 1863, and buried on the field. JAMES KENT STONE, son of (Rev. Dr.) John S. and Mary (Kent) Stone, was born in Boston, Mass., 10 Nov., 1840. Fitted for college at Boston Latin School; entered at Harvard in 1856; left in 1857, and went to Europe for a year ; returned to Harvard, and remained until near the close of senior year, when he went to Germany, and spent a year at Gottingen. Was teacher in Boston Latin School until 4 Aug., COMMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 503 1862, when he enlisted as private in Company C. Corporal, October, 1862. Second lieutenant to date 10 Aug., 1862. Was obliged to resign, from disability contracted in service, 9 Jan., 1863. He was subsequently appointed professor in Kenyon College. GEORGE AUGUSTINE THAYER, son of Elihu and Elizabeth (Tir- rell) Thayer, was born in Randolph, Mass., 6 Dec., 1889. At school at Hollis Institute, South Braintree. Taught in various academies. Second lieutenant, 16 Oct., 1862; first lieutenant, 29 April, 1863; captain, 26 July, 1863. Served throughout the war, being in the va rious battles, and was mustered out with the regiment. ERASTUS BURBANK CARLL, son of Nathaniel and Frances (Woods) Carll, was born in Unity, Me., 8 Nov., 1830. Enlisted, 5 Dec., 1850, in United-States army, to join the Second Dragoons, but was trans ferred to Battery G, Fourth Artillery ; served at Fort Leaven worth, in Sioux campaign, and in General Harney s expedition, until 5 Dec., 1855. Was in business until May, 1861. Enlisted, 11 May, 1861, and commissary-sergeant. Second lieutenant, 23 Oct., 1862; first lieutenant, 1 April, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. He was married, in 1859, to Mary E. Galvin, of Boston. THEODORE KENDALL PARKER, son of Gilman D. and Sarah (Fos ter) Parker, was born in Brighton, Mass., 3 Sept., 1841. Was in iron work at Winchendon. Enlisted in Company D, 11 May, 1861, and first sergeant. Taken prisoner at Winchester, 25 May, 1862, and taken to Belle Isle ; returned 24 Oct. Second lieutenant, 24 Oct., 1862 ; first lieutenant, 31 March, 1863 ; captain, 24 May, 1864. Was wounded, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Mustered out with the regi ment. DENIS MEHAN, son of John and Mary (Gorigan) Mehan, was born in Salem, Mass., 25 Dec., 1843. At school, in New York. Was in shoe business. Enlisted in Company C, in April, 1861. Marker, in 1861; corporal, 26 July, 1862; sergeant, 29 July, 1861; first sergeant, 1 Sept., 1862; second lieutenant, 9 Nov., 1862; first lieuten ant, 4 May, 1863; captain, 24 May, 1864. Was wounded, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Mustered out with the regiment in July, 1865. HEXRY NEWTON COMEY, son of Elbridge G. and Abigail J. (Pierce) Comey, was born in Hopkinton, Mass., 4 March, 1840. At school in Hopkinton. Enlisted in G, in May, 1861. Corporal, 2 June, 1862; sergeant, 1 Nov., 1862; second lieutenant, to date from 1 Nov., 1862; first lieutenant, 6 June, 1863; captain, 24 May, 1864. Was wounded, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Mustered out in July, 1865. JOSEPH WILEY GELRAY, son of Robert Gelray, was born 28 Feb., 1840, in Manchester, England. Came to America in 1844. Was 504 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. printer, in Lowell, Mass., and Richmond, Va. Enlisted in A, 11 May, 1861. Corporal, 25 May, 1861 ; transferred, as sergeant, to Com pany H, 22 Dec., 1861. Wounded, severely, in right shoulder and right thigh, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. Second lieutenant, 25 Dec., 1862; first lieutenant, 4 July, 1863. Wounded, 3 July; 1863, at Gettysburg, in right arm, so near the former wound as to require amputation. Discharged 13 Oct., 1864, to receive commission of captain, dated 25 July, 1864, in Fifty-seventh Massachusetts. Was put on General Bartlett s staff, as assistant inspector-general. Was appointed, 22 Aug., 1864, colonel of the Fifty-ninth Massachusetts, but the regiment was too small to allow of his being mustered as such. Major in Fourth Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, 14 Nov., 1864. Mustered out, 17 June, 1865. WILLIAM EDWARD PERKINS, son of William and Catharine C. (Amory) Perkins, was born in Boston, Mass., 23 March, 1838. Fitted for college in care of Epes S. Dixwell, and graduated at Harvard in 1860. Studied law with Horace Gray, jun., and Wilder Dwight, and at the Law School. Enlisted in Forty-fourth Massachusetts, 12 Sept., 1862, and sergeant in Company F. Second lieutenant in Second, 26 Jan., 1863; first lieutenant, 7 July, 1863; captain, 17 March, 1865. Wounded, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellors ville ; returned, 4 July, 1863. Mustered out in July, 1865. GEORGE JAMES THOMPSON, son of (Rev. Dr.) James W. and Mary J. (James) Thompson, was born in Salem, Mass., 10 Sept., 1839. At school, under " Master Worcester," in Salem. Went a voyage to sea. Enlisted in Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, 17 Sept., 1861, and ser geant; first sergeant, October, 1862; served at Newbern. Second lieutenant in SECOND, 10 Jan., 1863 ; first lieutenant, 26 July, 1863 ; captain, 15 April, 1865. Was slightly injured by shell, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville, and by ball in front of Atlanta. Mustered out with the regiment. Appointed, in 1867, second lieutenant in United- States Artillery. HENRY VAN DYKE STONE, son of (Rev. Dr.) John S. and Mary (Kent) Stone, was born in Brooklyn, N.Y., 9 Aug., 1843. Fitted for college in Brookline, Mass. ; entered Yale Scientific School in 1861. Enlisted in Company C, 4 Aug., 1862. Corporal, 21 Nov., 1862 ; ser geant, 1 Jan., 1863; second lieutenant, 20 March, 1863. He was killed at Gettysburg, 3 July, 1863. A modest and brave officer. JAMES WARREN COOK, son of James D. and Rebecca W. (Coney) Cook, was born in Reading, Mass., 3 Aug., 1831. In business of manu facturing furniture, in Boston and Reading. Enlisted in Company A, 11 May, 1861. Corporal, 14 Aug., 1861; sergeant, 14 July, 1862; first sergeant, 27 Dec., 1862. Wounded, in hand, 24 May, 1862, at COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 505 Kernstown. Slightly wounded, 3 May, 1863, at Chaneellorsville. Second lieutenant, 19 March, 1863; first lieutenant, 13 Sept., 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. Was married, 1 May, 1853, to Sarah J. Pinkham, of Reading, Mass. FRANCIS HENRY LUNDY, son of William and Marion (Steen) Lundy, was born in Manchester, England, 14 Nov., 1830. Enlisted in Eighty-eighth (British), in 1851, and served four years and ten months; in hattles of Alma, Balaclava, and Inkermap; was sent home to drill recruits. Came to Lowell, Mass., December, 1856. En listed in Company B, in May, 1861. Sergeant, 12 Aug., 1861 ; first sergeant, 1 Nov., 1862 ; color-bearer at Antietam ; second lieutenant, 30 March, 1863; first lieutenant, 24 Dec., 1863. Resigned 22 Oct., 1864. Was married, April, 1859, to Sarah Mansfield, of New York. CHARLES WARREN THOMAS, son of Sylvanus and Sophia (Kent) Thomas, was born in Boston, Mass., 26 July, 1841. At school in Charlestown, Mass. Clerk in jobbing house when enlisted, in Com pany G, 26 July, 1862. Corporal, 30 Dec., 1862; sergeant, 1 Jan., 1863 ; second lieutenant, 1 April, 1863. Mustered out 28 May, 1864. ALBERT WARREN MANN, son of Albert and Caroline S. (Pond) Mann, was born in Wrentham, Mass., 14 Aug., 1836. In shoe busi ness when enlisted, in Company E, in April, 1861. Sergeant, 25 May, 1861; first sergeant, 13 July, 1861; sergeant-major, 10 May, 1862; second lieutenant, 31 March, 1863. Mustered out, 28 May, 1864. Was married, 11 Sept., 1860, to Mary A. Hartshorn, of Wai- pole, Mass. EDWIN AUGUSTINE HOWES, son of Collins and Rhoda (Bangs) Howes, was born in Chatham, Mass., 4 Jan., 1834. Was ship-joiner in Essex, when enlisted in Company F, in May, 1861. Corporal, May, 1861; sergeant, 2 June, 1862; commissary sergeant, 8 Dec., 1862; first lieutenant, 24 May, 1864. Appointed quartermaster, 3 Nov., 1864, and served until mustered out in July, 1865. His wife was Sophia E. Andrews, of Essex. MOSES P. RICHARDSON, son of Samuel and Susan B. (Persons) Richardson, was born in Woburn, Mass., 17 Sept., 1835. Was a farmer in Winchester. Enlisted in Company G, in May, 1861. Cor poral, 9 Jan., 1862; sergeant, 12 Feb., 1862; first sergeant, 19 April, 1863. Was wounded in leg, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain; re turned, 26 Oct. Wounded in arm and side, 3 July, 1863, at Chan eellorsville ; returned in ... 1863. Sergeant-major, 17 July, 1863. Re-enlisted, 31 Dec. 1863. Appointed second lieutenant in Fifty-fifth Massachusetts, 9 June, 1864, but declined commission. First lieu tenant in Second, to date 24 May, 1864. Mustered out with regiment. 506 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Brevet-captain, 13 March, 1865. Was married, since the war, to Sarah B. Marsh. JESSE RICHARDSON, son of Samuel and Susan B. (Persons) Rich ardson, was born in Woburn, Mass., 31 March, 1840. Was clerk, in Winchester. Enlisted in Company G, 8 July, 1862. Corporal, 29 Nov., 1862 ; first sergeant, 1 Oct., 1863. Wounded slightly, in foot, 17 Sept., 1862, at Antietam. Wounded in head, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ;. returned, 1 Sept. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1863. First lieutenant, 24 May, 1864. Mustered out with regiment. Was mar ried, 28 Jan., 1864, to Mary M. Pearson. WILLIAM TAYLOR MCALPINE, son of Peter and Mary (Taylor) McAlpine, was born in Framingham, Mass., 20 July, 1840. Was in carriage-making business, in Lowell, in 1861. Enlisted in Company A, 11 May, 1861 ; sergeant, 25 April, 1863. Was wounded, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, in arm, in thigh, and through the body. Wounded in the head, 3 May, 1863, at Chancellorsville ; returned, 24 Aug., 1863. Re-enlisted 31 Dec., 1864. First lieutenant, 24 May, 1864. Mustered out with the regiment. JEDEDIAH CLARK THOMPSON, son of Ralph and Martha Ann Thompson, was born in Berkshire, Vt., 23 Dec., 1839. Parents moved to New- York City ; in 1852, to Burlington, Vt. He was in Marlboro , Mass., when he enlisted in Company D, 15 May, 1861. Corporal, 3 July, 1861 ; sergeant, 10 July, 1862, to 11 May, 1863, when long absent, wounded. Corporal, 1 Sept., 1863 ; sergeant, 1 Nov., 1863. Wounded in hand, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain ; returned in Aug., 1863. Re-enlisted, 31 Dec., 1863. Wounded in foot, 15 May, 1864, at Resaca. First lieutenant, 7 July, 1864. Mustered out with regiment. Went to Colorado. SAMUEL STORROW, son of Charles S. and Lydia (Jackson) Storrow, was born in Boston, Mass., 24 July, 1843. Entered Harvard in 1860 ; in 1862, an affection of the eyes rendered it necessary to refrain from study, and he went to Fayal, from May 1 to Sept. 1, when he re joined his class. Enlisted in Forty-fourth Massachusetts, 20 Sept., 1862. Corporal in Company H, and served in North Carolina ; mus tered out 18 June, 1863. First lieutenant in the Second, 22 Sept., 1864, and joined at Atlanta, 15 Jan., 1865. He was detailed as aide to Brevet Brigadier-general Cogswell, and so served until his death. He was killed in action, 16 March, 1865, at Averysborough, N.C. "A brave, faithful, intelligent, and most promising officer," wrote General Cogswell. He was buried near the field; but his remains were re- interred, 6 Jan., 1866, at Mount Auburn. See sketch in " Harvard Memorial," ii. 462. RICHARD PENDERGAST, son of Isaac and Mary ( ) Pendergnst, COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 507 was born in Portland, Me., 31 May, 1836. Resided in Lowell, a carpen ter. Enlisted in Company A, 11 May, 1861. Corporal, January, 1862; sergeant, 14 Jan., 1863 ; first sergeant, 25 April, 1863. Was wounded in side, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg ; returned to duty, 24 Aug. Re- enlisted, 31 Dec., 1863. Was wounded in right arm, severely, 20 Dec., 1864, in South Carolina, near the Savannah. Was appointed first lieutenant, 23 Oct., 1864. Mustered out with regiment. WILLIAM D. TOOMBS, was born in West Boylston, Mass., in 1841. Resided in West Boylston. Enlisted in Company D, 11 May, 1861. Re-enlisted, 31 Dec., 1863. First lieutenant, 4 Nov., 1864. Mustered out with regiment. JAMES HANGING, was born in Dumfries, Scotland, in 1840. Re sided in Boston. Enlisted in Company I, 15 May, 1861. Corporal, 1 Sept., 1863. Wounded in neck, 3 July, 1863, at Gettysburg. Re- enlisted, 31 Dec., 1863. First lieutenant, 17 March, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. GEORGE W. MORSE, was born in Newport, Ky., in 1842. Resided in Athol. Enlisted in Company H, in May, 1861. Corporal, 1 Oct., 1863. Taken prisoner, at Winchester, 25 May, 1862 ; returned, 22 Oct. Re-enlisted, 31 Dec., 1863. First lieutenant, 17 March, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. Entered Dartmouth College. WILLIAM HOWARD MILES, son of Oliver H. and Rachel (Decker) Miles, was born in Limerick, Me., 2 Dec., 1836. Was an operative at Lowell, when he enlisted in Company A, 11 May, 1861. Corporal, 14 Jan., 1863 ; sergeant, 13 July, 1863. Re-enlisted, 31 Dec., 1863. Sergeant-major, 24 May, 1864. Was taken prisoner in the campaign to the sea, but escaped in a few days. First lieutenant, 15 April, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. The following enlisted men were commissioned, but never mus tered in, as officers : Caleb H. Lord, first sergeant of K, first lieutenant, to date from 24 May, 1864 ; but the commission had not arrived when he died, 29 June, 1864, of wounds received 19 June. Thomas B. Thurston, sergeant-major ; second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865. Asa W. Emerson, quartermaster-sergeant ; first lieutenant, 3 July, 1865. David Casey, commissary-sergeant; second lieutenant, 3 July, 1865. And the following first sergeants, 3 July, 1865, to be second lieu tenants : 508 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTKY. Charles Hastings, of A; Leander G. Bowley, of B ; Charles W. Edwards, of C ; Edwin Harlow, of E ; Samuel L. Jepson, of F ; Charles H. Heald, of G; Charles 0. McKinstrey, of H; Andrew Voll, of K. The following persons declined commissions : George B. Peck, of Boston, assistant surgeon, 29 July, 1863, the reduced size of the regiment not allowing of muster in. Henry R. Dalton, of Boston, second lieutenant, 23 Nov., 1861. Ozias Goodwin, jun., of Boston, second lieutenant, 14 Aug., 1862. FIELD AND STAFF. 509 III. FIELD AND STAFF, COLONELS. George H. Gordon, 11 May, 1861, to 12 June, 1862. George L. Andrews, 13 June, 1862, to 9 Nov., 1862. Samuel M. Quincy, 9 Nov., 1862, to 2 June, 1863. William Cogswell, 6 June, 1863, to 25 June, 1865. Charles F. Morse, 24 July, 1865 ; not mustered ; brev.-col. U.S. Vols. LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. George L. Andrews, 11 May, 1861, to 13 June, 1862. Wilder Dwight, 13 June, 1862, to 19 Sept., 1862. James Savage, 19 Sept., 1862, to 22 Sept., 1862. William Cogs well, 23 Oct., 1862, to 6 June, 1863. Charles R. Mudge, 6 June, 1863, to 3 July, 1863. Charles F. Morse, 4 July, 1863, to 24 July, 1865. James Francis, 24 July, 1865 ; not mustered ; brev.-lieut- col. U.S. Vols. MAJORS. Wilder Dwight, 11 May, 1861, to 13 June, 1862. James Savage, 13 June, 1862, to 17 Sept., 1862. Samuel M. Quincy, 17 Sept., 1862, to 9 Nov., 1862. Charles R. Mudge, 9 Nov., 1862, to 6 June, 1863. Charle s F. Morse, 6 June, 1863, to 4 July, 1863, James Francis, 4 July, 1863, to 24 July, 1865. Francis W. Crown - inshield, 24 July, 1865 ; not mustered. SURGEONS. Lucius M. Sargent, jun., 28 May, 1861, to 9 Oct., 1861. Francis Leland, 11 Oct., 1861, to 24 Oct., 1862. Lincoln R. Stone, 7 Nov., 1862, to 20 Nov., 1863. William H. Heath, 24 April, 1863, to 23 Aug., 1864. Curtis E. Munn, 5 Dec., 1864, to the end. CHAPLAIN. Alonzo H. Quint, 20 June, 1861, to 28 May, 1864. ASSISTANT SURGEONS. Lincoln R. Stone, 1 June, 1861, to 7 Nov., 1862. William H. Heath, 24 July, 1862, to 24 April, 1863. Joseph Wightman, 19 March, 1863, to 15 June, 1863. William Nichols, jun., 5 May, 1863, to 9 Dec., 1864. 510 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. ADJUTANTS. Charles Wheaton, jun., 28 May, 1861, to 21 July, 1862. Eugene E. Shelton, 13 Aug., 1862, to 1 Jan., 1863. John A. Fox, 1 Jan., 1863, to the end. QUARTERMASTERS. R. Morris Copeland, 28 May, 1861, to 27 Nov., 1861. Marcus M. Hawes, 27 Nov., 1861, to 14 July, 1862. James Francis, 14 July, 1862, to 1 Sept., 1862. Robert B. Brown, 1 Sept., 1862, to 6 Dec., 1862. Anson D. Sawyer, 1 Jan., 1863, to 3 Nov., 1864. Edwin A. Howes, 3 Nov., 1864, to the end. THE COLORS AND THEIR BEARERS. 511 IV. THE COLORS AND THEIR BEARERS. I. The United- States Colors, presented by the ladies whose names are given on page 27. This was the battle-flag, used only in action, and carried in every engagement except Winchester. The tassels were shot off at Cedar Mountain. Its staff was shot in two at Antie- tam, and given to Mrs. William D wight. The new staff was presented by Miss Fannie Mudge. That staff was shot into fragments at Gettys burg, and a new one was given by Misses Marie Louisa Mudge and Feroline P. Fox. No hostile hand ever touched this flag, and it never knew dishonor. It has been in Rhode Island, New York, New Jer sey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia ; on Long Island Sound, Chesapeake Bay, the Potomac, and the Atlantic Ocean. It now rests at the State House, with no names of battles upon it. II. The State Flag, presented by the ladies whose names are given on page 28. It was never carried in action, and is now at the State House. III. The State Flag, white, furnished by the State, and carried only on drill. It is now at the State House. IV. The United-States Colors, presented by the ladies of Harper s Ferry, as recorded on page 40. It was carried on drill, &c., and in the battle of Winchester. It was reserved as private property. V. The Garrison Storm-Flag, of bunting, hoisted in various camps. It floated in Massachusetts, District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. 512 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY, COLOR-SERGEANTS. Hans G. Christensen, Co. K, 28 June, 1861, to 14 Oct., 1861, when discharged for disability. Samuel R. Phillips, Co. A, 14 Oct., 1861, to 13 Feb., 1862. George H. Willis, Co. I, 13 Feb., 1862, to 4 July, 1862. He carried the colors at Winchester. John F. George, Co. A, 4 July, 1862, to . . Sept., 1862. He carried the colors at Cedar Mountain, and was. promoted to be second lieu tenant, to date the day following. Francis Lundy, Co. B, . . Sept., 1862, to . . Oct., 1862. He carried the colors at Antie tarn, and was afterwards promoted to be second lieutenant. Edwin A. Howes, Co. F, . . Oct., 1862, to 8 Dec., 1862. Alonzo Griswold, Co. B, 8 Dec., 1862, to 1863. Leavitt C. Durgin, Co. A, 28 Feb., 1863, to 3 July, 1863. He carried the colors at Chancellorsville (in part), Beverly Ford, and Gettys burg, where he was killed in action. Rupert j. Sadler, Co. D, color-corporal, took the colors temporarily at Chancellorsville, and also at Gettysburg, where he was killed in action. Stephen Cody, private in Co. I, took the colors at Gettysburg, and was killed in action. James Hobbs, Co. I, color-corporal, took the colors at Gettysburg, and was wounded in action. James Murphy, Co. C, color-corporal ; took the colors at Gettysburg, and carried them to the close of the action. Charles Whitney, Co. E, 17 July, 1863, to 23 May, 1864, when mus tered out. He carried the colors at Resaca. Thomas Johnson, Co. B, 2 June, 1864, to 25 June, 1865. He carried the colors into Atlanta, to Savannah, and through the Carolinas, including the battle of Averysborough. Pardon L. Crosby, Co. F, 25 June, 1865, to the end of service. THE REGIMENTAL BAND. 513 V. THE REGIMENTAL BAND. Spiegel, Charles, leader. See Non- Commissioned Staff. Burnham, Robert W., jun. .. Essex, Mass. Engineer. Essex. Re-enlisted in band of the Brigade. Clark, John. 31. Gloucester, Mass. Teamster. Gloucester. Cook, Jerry C. 27. Reading, Mass. Cabinetmaker. Reading. De la Fontaine, Jose. 28. Brussels, Belgium. Cooper. Roxbury. De la Fontaine, Victor. 20. Brussels, Belgium. Cooper. Roxbury. Elwell, George, jun. . . Gloucester, Mass. Printer. Gloucester. Re-enlisted in band of the Brigade. Fisher, John S. 40. Maiden, Mass. Currier. Maiden. Discharged for disability, 3 June, 1862. Hinman, Lucius S. 32. Derby, Vt. Shoemaker. Holliston. Lord, Jacob S. 23. Gloucester, Mass. Shoemaker. Gloucester. Loud, Francis P. 29. Weymouth, Mass. Bootmaker. Quincy. Mess, Joseph. 20. Gloucester, Mass. Skilmaker. Gloucester. Nutting, Abel. 22. Lisbon, Me. Stonecutter. Quincy. Pearce, David P. 18. Gloucester, Mass. Carver. Gloucester. Discharged for disability, 19 Dec., 1861. Subsequently enlisted in 8th Mass., and died in service. Perry, Reuben. 23. Gloucester, Mass. Blacksmith. Gloucester. Re-enlisted in band of the Brigade. Proven, Charles. 27. Upper Stevviack, N.S. Shoemaker. Reading. Rawson, Charles E. 36. Natick, Mass. Shoemaker. Natick. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, and was not exchanged until after the date of muster-out. Smeath, William. 26. Exeter, England. Embosser. Amesbury. Taken prisoner, 9 Aug., 1862, at Cedar Mountain, and was not exchanged until after the date of muster-out. Thompson, Charles E. 28. Standish, Me. Carpenter. Maiden. Travis, Daniel F. 35. Holliston, Mass. Boot-finisher. Holliston. 514 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Twitchell, Reuben A. 22. Dublin, N.H. Cabinetmaker. Boston. Re-enlisted in band of the Brigade. Walker, Charles R. 23. South Reading, Mass. Shoemaker. Read ing. Discharged for disability, 12 July, 1861, at general hospital. Watson, Benjamin. 44. Durham, N.H. Stonecutter. Quincy. Wing, Neil. 27. Gloucester, Mass. Shoemaker. Gloucester. The dates of enlistment were all reckoned as 25 May, 1861. In addition to excellent music, the members of the band rendered good service at Cedar Mountain, in removing the wounded from the field of battle, in which two of their number were taken prisoners. An Act of Congress discharged all regimental bands 16 Aug., 1862 ; but this band actually served until 8 Sept., 1862, such members only excepted as are mentioned in the above list. Several members re- enlisted in the brigade band (authorized by the same Act), which was raised in Massachusetts, joined for duty at Stafford Court-House, Va., early in 1863, and served to the end of the war. NATIVITIES. VI. 515 o ic co "* os io rf< O CO CO TH TH TH CO o at 01 1 TH rH "sr cs co TH o oo to CO CO (M TH TH TH CO 1 i CO T-I TH M8l ,o_ co co io i- co co dOCSlNCOOOTHOr-lTHOr-lTH CO TH 1 1 1 i o H nijsx isai.j l B ?iL CO O >C CO 1C OS co o io os i- 00 I COl-I^OCOTHTHOTHOlOTHl-IO I , OS t 1C CO O OO iCOOOOOOOOOOiHOO JCO M CO (M 1C 1C kO oo-ooooooooo da w O^^OO S ^OOOOOOOOTHOOOO CM CO 1C OS i (M TH CO |OS *OOOOTHOOrHOOOOO OS * (M rH (M J^ TH as o . w rH TjH CO CO T* Cq o O) OOOOOOOOO^HOOOO T-l cs o 1C O 1C >C TH TH rH TH CO J- as ^OTHOTHOrHOOOOOOO - OS CM iH CO O TH THrH CO dOTHOC^OOOOOOOOO PQ n o >*< t^ o o IM TH CO CO 1- ^O^OOOOOOOOOTHO g t- (M TH d TH CO 1C 00 TH PUBS CM (M TH T* TH at 00000000000000 93 nSs* TH (M O 00 00000000000000 CO paaoissiuiinoo rH IN -* TH c COOOOOOOiHOOOOOO t- >o 1 H z. 8 . Maine . . . New Hampshi Vermont . Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut S if w ^CJ lllH-f.slllllll 516 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. "IVIOJ, t-l co T^H co j c5 1 I ~. 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O CM 1C * 00 eo CM rH eo rH O H siuaaa 00000 o rH CO + O O o O O O O 10I9J )! t^ CO i-l CO 3 CO rH OO t- CQ 3 <MCO rH * rH co BHMwa rH H (M -M O O o 0000 uua, ST t~ OO CO CM C l~ OSOgrHO 0? iC (M TH CO s?iiuwa rH rH C-1 CO rl 1C a o rH rH tnaaj , 8l OS Jt- rH N i>. te CO ^<M- rHrH g rHrH rH T* iC siiiuoaa CO rH rH O CO O ^H OO 00 o rH rH (M T -uu3 M ST ^ 05 1C CO IM eo CM eo (M CO 00 0000 pcnBg 00000 CO 00 O O o 0000 <M | s: ao * o o ooo o i-H (M 00 rH IM (M T3 3 CT - O J ACCOUNTED FOR. Killed in action Died of wounds .... Discharged on account of wou To Invalid Corps wounded Absent wounded when must d c c o ci ^ B 5 O Died of disease Drowned Discharged for disability To Invalid Corps for disabilit} Absent sick when mustered 01 s 5 ~ "5 i 1 Discharged for promotion . Promoted com. officers in Secor 5 5_ 35 g . . S S gfc *^If ^JS^ . 3 o bxi^ SBRJ 1121 i 5 fe 1111 HH^S By transfer or order . . THE ENLISTED MEN ACCOUNTED FOR. 521 i co r~ 1 1~ kO ^ co i Uo I io o I CM -M <M ,-, . ? JiS ; **< ia o co : co i TH o o os "3 \r-> <M CO CO I- O O II- co o co * I -* CO O | <M I O I I- ^ h| Is O i-H I CO >O gJS|=j| S=iSl C i I O I CO 1-1 <M C1 I tO I O I O .0000 I O O ! O I CO |8 l S |S! TO |c1 g^tiuoea !S|Sl| S|S| W |S raw; 00 fH iH I O I OS W O -* I Q i Oi 5^1 O T~* I O ! t^ H 8 *l IS ICOOOCO 100030 raja) I I- i O I iO I 09 ! 12 O O T-l I- oo o o : oo fc^ o~o si co o co co coj !^ os o o ! I *0 <* p [o o o = is O |o O O lo |0 05 000 O O I CO lonp; abs s minors Deserted Drojiped f Discharge m te us l l i g sig 73 -C O u I) ^1. S2.S jq 2 * * >SS^ 2^ |S -E := ? OJ cu ~ ? c as o But a i ^ ^ I g 1 .1 ^ P . C W 531 & g"v . 003 c^ ^ 5 g J ;3 := ^ <M-^ g E io i.|-s n ^asB^^tfT. s >%.i - o .a 522 SECOND . MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS ACCOUNTED FOR. e e B & | g fe E u a 3 e . O S o a> M si 1 ta 02 fl "o i g | 1 3 a a a 3 a & . Jl 9 O So 5 ;> o 02 te 3 VI I a 1 1 1 Killed in action . . 6 1 2 1 10 4 Died of wounds . . 1 2 1 4 1 Discharged wounded To Inv. Corps wo. 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 Bv casualties in ac tion 1 o 9 o o 3 2 5 on Died of disease . . 2 2 2 Resigned from dis y. 5 1 1 7 1 By disease . . . 5 3 1 9 ~jf Discharged for pro n. 2 4 11 1 2 ~2(T _ Resigned before leav ing home .... 2 2 _ Resigned in service . 1 1 2 _ Mustered out, 1st term 1 7 8 _ Mutorp<l our, 2d term 4 1 4 2 15 26 - 3 5 32 4 1 9 4 29 87 GENERAL SUMMARY. BY CASUALTIES IN ACTION. Killed, 119; died of wounds, 71; discharged on account of wounds, 115; to Invalid Corps, wounded, 29 ; wounded, mustered out, 55. Total, 389. BY DISEASE OR ACCIDENT. Died, 84; drowned, 4; discharged for disability, 269 ; to Invalid Corps, on account of disease, 35 ; absent, sick, when mustered out, 62. Total, 454. BY DISCHARGE FOR PROMOTION, 34. BY RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS AND TRANSFERS OR ORDERS OF WAR DEPARTMENT. Officers resigned, 4 ; men transferred to other regiments, 2; to gunboats, 15; enlisted in, or transferred to, regular army, 25 ; discharged by War Department, 39. Total, 85. BY DESERTION, &c. Deserted, 2i4; dropped from the rolls, 6; dischirged as minors, 7. Total, 257. BY MUSTER-OUT, 499. NOT ACCOUNTED FOR ON RECORDS, 30. TOTAL, 1749. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 523 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. THE list of subscribers to the original regimental fund, men tioned on page 5, is as follows : George 0. Hovey. Bryant & Sturgis. Nathaniel Thayer. James Davis, jun. William S. Bullard. Denny, Rice, & Co. George B. Cary. F. H. & J. B. Bradlee. S. Willard & Son. J. S. Warren. Joseph S. Fay. James Lawrence. John E. Lodge. George W. Wales. Mrs. Franklyi Dexter. Henry Sayles. Henry Sigourney. Little, Brown, & Co. lasigi, Goddard, & Co. Homer & Sprague. Bayley, Rollins, & Co. D. N. Spooner. Ozias Goodwin. J. M. Forbes & Co. Ticknor & Fields. John A. Lowell. Gardner Brewer. -Thomas G. Appleton. Naylor & Co. George B. Blake. James M. Beebe. Sarah P. Pratt. Francis B. Crowninshield. Charles P. Curtis. J. M. Warren. George P. Upham. J. Huntington Wolcott. Henry Cabot. Mary A. Wales. John A. Blanchard. Charles Amory. George L. Pratt. E. I). Peters & Co. Dana, Farrar, & Hyde. J. B. Glover. Charles Merriam. E. II. Eldridge. Thomas Lee. Samuel G. Ward. Richard S. Fay. J. Ingersoll Bowditch. Charles G. Loring. James Parker. Edward Austin. H. P. Sturgis & Co. James Savage. Augustine Heard, jun. John C. Gray. Charles Mifflin. George F. Parkman. David Sears. Foster & Taylor. Samuel Win! well. Arthur Dexter. Thomas Wiggles worth. Samuel A. Appleton. R. M. Mason. John S. Farlow. Henry Wainwright. G. Howlartd Shaw. Charles F. Choatc. E. R. Mudge. William F. Weld. George Gardner. R. W. Hooper. S. R. Putnam. Augustus Lowell. Larkin, Stackpole, & Co. Mrs. T. G. Cary. Moses Williams. Charles F. Adams. Josiah Quincy. Moses Grant. F. W. Lincoln. Israel Lombard. Samuel Hooper. Mrs. E. B. Bowditch. William H. Swift. M. P. Grant. William H. Gardner. George A. Gardner. George R. Russell. 524 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Page 72, line 12. Henry M. Comey, then of G, also fought all through the battle, with an Ohio regiment. Page 99, line 7. For grapes read cherries. Page 121. About this time, second lieutenant T. B. Fox, jun., joined for duty, in command of recruits. Page 137. The second foot-note should be numbered 2. Page 140, line 13. Insert " Costello, of I, wounded and missing." For fifty read fifty-one. In second note, the losses of the SECOND should read " killed, 18 ; wounded, 61." Page 148, line 28. For Sharpsville read Sharpsburg. Page 150, line 7. For Leesbury read Leesburg. Page 176, line 16. For seventy read twenty. Page 182, line 10. For Cady read Cody. Insert " Seavers, of H." Line 13, insert " Hatch, of C." Page 192, line 14. For Hooper read Hooker. Page 201, line 22. Add " Capt. N. D. A. Sawyer and Lieut. Thomas were in the stockade with Capt. Grafton." Page 229, line 15. For Bohman read Bohonan ; for Lawson read Lawtan. Line 16, erase " Pierson, of I." Page 241, line 3. For Cothren read Coethan. Page 259, line 6. For Maun read Munn. Page 288. For XXI. read XXII. Page 292, line 2. Add " ami Lieut. M. P. Eichardson as captain." Page 388. Add to Jesse Richardson, " wounded slightly, 17 Sept., 1862." Moses P. Richardson, for " 17 Sept., 1862," read " 3 May, 1863." Page 421. Fenner, "discharged in consequence of wounds." Page 425. McMullen, " discharged in consequence of wounds." Page 481, line 27. Captain Charles "Wheaton served until May, 1866. He was brevetted colonel, December, 1865. Page 494, line 38. Captain C. P. Horton, brevetted lieut. colonel. Page 498, line 20. Captain Eugene B. Shelton was post commis sary at Port Hudson until March, 1865, when he was sent to Texas ; chief commissary on the Rio Grande. Brevet-major, 14 July, 1865. Wounded in the left leg, 13 Nov., 1863, at Port Hudson. Dis charged 14 July, 1865. Coffin, in "Four Years of Fighting," page 198, mistakes a statement in " Potomac and Rapidan," regarding the battle of Chaneellorsville. " Three times," says Coffin, " the flag from the old Bay State changed hands. But, before the rebels could carry it from the field, it was rescued," &c. The flag changed color-bearers only, as they succes sively fell. No rebel hand ever touched the battle-flag on any occa- I N D E X OF PRINCIPAL PLACES AND EVENTS. A. Abercrombie, Gen., in brigade of, 42, 51. Additions and corrections, 523. Alexandria, Va., 126, 185, 188, 192, 281. Allatoona Mountains, Ga., 283, 235. Alston s Ferry, S.C., 262. Ames, Gen., in command of, 175. Anderson, Tenn., 199. Andrew, Gov., address by, 210. Andrews, Col., in formation of regiment, 5 et seq. ; commanding regiment, 46, 70 et seq., 98-146. Antietam, 131 et seq., 144, 183. Appomattox River, Va., 280. Argyle Island, S.C., 253. Atlanta, Ga., 239 et seq. Averysborough, N.C., 268 et seq. B. Band, Regimental, 18, 513. Banks, Gen., in command of, 41- 132. " Banks s Retreat," 80 et seq. Bartlett, Gen., in division of, 282. Barton s Mills, Va., 85, 97. Bellbuckle, Tenn., 198, 200. Bentonville, N.C., 272. Berryville, Va., 69, 71. Beverly Ford, Va., 122, 175. Birthplaces of men, table of, 515. Blackburn s Ford, Md., 144. Bladensburg, Md., 281. Boston, Mass., 33, 204. Bridgeport, Tenn., 223. Brandy Station, Va., 121, 192. Brown, Capt., commanding regi ment, 245-249. Bull Run, 125, 189, 281. Bunker Hill, Va., 37, 96. Burnside, Gen., in army of, 145- 152 ; address by, 214. Burke s band destroyed, 145. Buzzard s Roost, Ga., 225. C. Camp Andrew, 14 et seq., 292. Cassville, Ga., 230. Casualties in action, table of, 517- 519. Cedar Creek, 83. Cedar Mountain, 105 et seq., 190. Chancellorsville, 156 et seq., 281. Chantilly, Va., 125. Charlestown, Va., 38, 67. Chattahoochie River, Ga., 240, 242. Cheraw, S.C., 265. Chickamauga, 223. Christian Commission, 154, 219. Christiana, Tenn., 193, 200. Cogswell, Col., commanding regi ment, 143-152, 184-256 ; post at Tullahoma, 219; post, Atlanta, 243 ; brigade in Third Division, 256. 526 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Colgrove, Col., Twenty-seventh Indiana, 70; biographical note, 249. Colors, 24-30, 40, 41, 292, 611. Color-sergeants, 512. Columbia, S.C., 262. Commissioned officers. See Offi cers. Companies raised and in camp, 11-17; lists of men, A, 298- 312, 431-437 ; B, 312-325, 437- 441; C, 325-338, 442-444; D, 339-351, 445-448; E, 352-364, 448-452; F, 365-376, 453-456; G, 376-391, 456-46 1 ; H, 39 1-404, 461-464; I, 404-417, 464-468; K, 417-430, 468-471. Conrad s Ferry, Md., 51. Corrections, 524. Cox s Bridge, N.C., 273. Crawford, Gen., commanding divi sion, 100, 135. Culpeper, Va., 104, 120. D. Dallas, Ga., 233. Darnestown, 46 et seq. Davisboro Station, Ga., 251. Decherd, Tenn., 196, 199, 222. Dwiglit, Major, in formation of regiment, 3 ct seq. ; commanding regiment, 82; rear-guard, 86; death, 139. E. Edenburg, Va., 74. Edwards s Ferry, Md., 51, 177. Elk River, Tenn., 198, 201. Enlisted men, lists of, first term, 295-430 ; second term, 431-474 ; accounted for, table, 520. Enlistment, first term expired, 231. F. Fairfax, Va., 125, 126, 150, 176, 177, 179, 281. Fayetteville, N.C , 266, 267. Field and Staff, list of, 509. Fox, Rev. T. B., visit of, 202. Frederick, Md., 60 et seq., 130, 177, 183. Freemason s Lodge, 61. Fund, regimental, 5, 10, 235. Furlough to re-enlisted men, 204. G. Germanna Ford, Va., 157. Gettysburg, 178 et seq. Goldsborough, N.C., 273. Gordon, Col., raising and com manding regiment, 1-98 ; brig ade, 46, 47, 70-154; division, 139 ; post of Harper s Ferry, 38. Grant, Gen., in command of, 219 et seq. Greene, Gen., commanding brig ade, 93. H. Hamilton, Gen., in command of, 51. Hardeeville, S.C., 258. Harrisonburg, Va., 76. Harper s Ferry, 38, 67, 149, 192. Hawley, Gen., in brigade of, 254- 282. Hillard, G. S., address by, 28. Hooker, Gen., in command of, 152- 177, 192-241. Hyattstown, Md., 46. I. Indianapolis, Ind., 193, 204, 218. Indiana, Twenty-seventh, in brig ade, 70. J. Johnston s surrender, 279. K. Kelley s Ford, Va., 157, 184, 190. Kenesaw, 237, 238. Kernstown, Va., 86 et seq. Kettle Run, Va., 123, 189. Kingston, Ga., 233, 235. INDEX. 527 L. Leesburg, Va., 150, 177. Lincoln, Mayor, address by, 209. Little Washington, Va., 102. Lost Mountain, Ga., 236. Louisville, Ky., 193, 204, 218. M. Manassas, 123, 189. Mansfield, Gen., in corps of, 132- 135. Marietta, Ga., 239. Martinsburg, Va., 85, 90, 192. Maryland Heights, 42, 143, 184. Massanutten Gap, Va., 77. Meade, Gen., in army of, 177-192. McLellan, Gen., in army of, 127- 145. Middletown, Md., 131, 183. Middletown, Va., 83. Milledgeville, Ga., 250. Millen, Ga., 252. Morell, Gen., in division of, 145. .Morse, Lieut.-Col., commanding regiment, 181, 231-239, 256 et seq. Motley, J. L., address by, 24. Mount Jackson, Va., 75. Mower, Gen., in corps of, 276. Mudge, Lieut.-Col., commanding regiment, 152, 173; death, 180. N. Narrow Pass, Va., 74. Nashville, Tenn., 193, 204, 218. New-Hope Church, Ga., 233, 236. Newmarket, Va., 76. Newtown, Va., 84. New- York City, 34, 185 et sea., 290. Nickajack Cave, 223 ; trace, 225. Non-commissioned staff. See Staff. O. Officers, commissioned, 5, 6, 11- 18, 21, 22, 50, 64, 65, 94, 120, 148, 153, 174, 248, 259, 282, 291 ; list of, and sketches, 475 ; accounted for, table, 522; field, 509; staff (see Staff). Otis, Mrs. H. G. supplies from, 54. P. Patterson, Gen., in command of, 35-39. Patterson s campaign, 33 et seq. Peach-Tree Creek, Ga., 240. Perrysburg, S.C., 258. Phalen, Capt, commanding regi ment, 277. Pine Mountain, Ga., 236. Pope, Gen., in army of, 100 et seq. Pumpkin- Vine Creek, Ga., 233. Q. Quincy, Col., commanding regi ment, 152-173. E. Raccoon Creek, Ga., 236. Raccoon Ford, Va., 191. Raleigh, N.C., 277-279. Rappahannock Station, Va., 121, 185. Readville, Mass., 291. Recruiting offices, 7, 10. Recruits, 49, 121, 233, 239, 242, 248. Re-enlistments, 202. Regiment proposed, 1 ; raised and organized, 5-21 ; forwarded, 31, 32 ; brigaded, 44, 46, 47, 70, 93, 282; in division, 47, 282; in corps, 70 ; in Division of the Shenandoah, 41 ; in Army of Virginia, 100 ; in Army of the Potomac, 127 ; in Army of the Cumberland, 195 ; in Army of Georgia, 276 ; in Division of the District of Washington, 282; mustered out, 288 ; reached Readville, 291 ; discharged, 292. Regimental Aid Association, 56. Resaca, Ga., 226 et seq. Rice, H. A., assistance by, 59. Richmond, Va., 280. Robertville, S.C., 259. Rockville, Md., 128. Rocky Face, Ga., 225. 528 SECOND MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY. Rosecrans, Gen., in army of, 194- 199. Ruger,Gen., commanding brigade, 143, 154-247 ; biographical note, 154. Senders ville, Ga., 251. Sandy Hook, Mel., 67, 184. Sanitary Commission, 154, 193, 276. Savannah, Ga., 252 et seq. Scott, Lieut.-Gen., order of, 31. Seneca Creek, Md., 51. Sergeants, First, 18, 19. Shelby ville, Tenn., 197. Sherman, Gen., in army of, 220 et seq. Sigel, Gen., in Grand Division of, 151. Sister s Ferry, S.C. 259. Slocum, Gen., in corps of, 141- 221, 243 et seq. ; biographical note, 144. Smyrna Church, Ga,, 239. Snake-Creek Gap, Ga., 226. Snicker s Ferry, Va., 70. South Mountain, Md., 131. Spottsylvania, Va., 281. Staff, commissioned, 11, 17, 18, 50, 97, 147, 153, 174, 242, 248, 259, 509. Staif, non-commissioned, 18, 472. Stafford, C.H., Va., 152, 172. Stevenson, Ala., 193. Strasburg, Va., 73, 78, 81. Summary of officers and men, 522. Sumner, Gen., in command of, 128. Supplies from friends, 54-59. T. Taylor s Ridge, Ga., 225. Thanksgiving Day, 52, 146, 201, 251. Thomas, Gen., in army of, 199. Ticknor, Mrs., supplies from, 55. Tullahoma, Tenn., 197, 198, 218- 222. U. United- States Ford, Va., 167, 171, 281. Warrenton, Va., 99. Washington, D.C., 192, 281 etseq. Waterloo Bridge, Va., 122. Williams, Gen. A. S., command ing brigade, 47 ; division, 70 ; corps, 128, 135, 241-276; bio graphical note, 48. Williamsport, Md., 34, 90, 92, 184. Winchester, Va., 69, 72, 87 et seq., 96. Winnsborough, S.C., 263. Wisconsin 1 hird, in brigade, 70 ; parting, 282. Wolf-Run Shoals, Va., 151. Woodstock, Va., 73. X. Xenia, Ohio, 193. Z. Zouaves d Afrique, 100, 111. CAMBRIDGE : PRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON. RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT TO ^- 202 Main Library LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE 2 3 4 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 1 -month loans may be renewed by catling 642-3405 1-year loans may b<? r echarged by bringing the books to the Circulation Desk Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date DUE AS STAMPED BELOW FEB25I992 , 3//C &<? * / * " i- * i fr>o )DbCCIRC^fEB 17 9o . a - t - ^ 3 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY FORM NO. DD6 X 60m, 1/83 BERKELEY, CA 94720 s 37826 U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES