jT' jmrr • I Hi Mf nJilHluI!!! I Hi] It ||| IS If 1 1 THE MASKED WAR WILLIAM J. BURNS WILLIAM J. BURNS THE MASKED WAR THE STORY OF A PERIL THAT THREATENED THE UNITED STATES BY THE MAN WHO UNCOVERED THE DYNAMITE CON- SPIRATORS AND SENT THEM TO JAIL BY WILLIAM J. BURNS NEW YORK GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY Copyright, 1913. B7 GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY CONTENTS CHAPTER I The Betrayal of Labor to Anarchy II Attempts to Kill Burns .... III Following a Sawdust Trail . . . IV Rich Man Driven to Germany . . V Attempt to Kill President Taft . VI Burns Busy in Los Angeles . . . VII Tracing Unexploded Bomb . . . VIII Burns Himself Shadowed . . . IX After Two Hired Anarchists . . X Work in Tacoma Anarchist Colony XI Burns Shadows the Anarchists . XII Detectives in the Red Colony XIII Burns in Anarchists' Nest . . . XIV With no Law and no Morals . . XV A $350 Taxicab Ride XVI Tracked to Wilds of Wisconsin . XVII Detective Gets Suspect's Picture XVIII The Meeting of the Dynamiters . XIX Shadowing the McNamaras at Home XX Burns' Meeting with Hockin . . XXI Bribes Offered at Time of Arrests XXII McManigal Decides to Confess . XXIII McManigal's Start as a Dynamiter PAGE 9 15 23 30 40 44 5o 54 62 67 72 77 81 86 92 98 112 118 125 132 137 148 156 CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE XXIV McManigal Cheated on Pay Roll . .162 XXV Paid $200 and Expenses per Explosion . 171 XXVI Hoboes Built Fire Over Nitro . . .178 XXVII The Los Angeles Massacre Ordered . 182 XXVIII Jim McNamara's Story of the Crime . 188 XXIX Burns Lands the Man Higher Up . . 199 XXX Peter Currant's Classic Letter . . .211 XXXI Jim McNamara Loses His Nerve . . . 218 XXXII J. J. McNamara and His Women . . . 223 XXXIII The Tragedy of Mary Dye 230 XXXIV The Story of the Odd-Job Man . . . 239 XXXV Death Threats to Witnesses .... 254 XXXVI Efforts to Buy off Witnesses .... 260 XXXVII How Evidence was Destroyed .... 270 XXXVIII McManigal Nearly Driven Crazy . . 277 XXXIX Worse Than any Third Degree . . .283 XL The Organization Exposed 290 XLI Expected "Great and Bloody War" .296 XLII "Down with Detective Burns!" . . . 302 XLIII The Union was Gang-Ridden .... 309 XLIV Burns Refuses $1,000 a Night . . . .315 XLV What D arrow Had to Say 320 XL VI The Mystery of Two Lost Men . . .325 THE MASKED WAR THE MASKED WAR CHAPTER I THE BETRAYAL OF LABOR TO ANARCHY In order that this story may not seem utterly in- credible to the great majority of American citizens who take life complacently, depending entirely on the machine of government to look after their safety and welfare, I shall give them assurance in the first paragraph that they shall find in this vol- ume full proof for each of the startling facts nar- rated, giving for the first time the evidence I gath- ered against John J. McNamara, James B. Mc- Namara and the conspirators of their union who were convicted at Indianapolis. The evidence did not come out at the trials of the McNamaras, for they pleaded guilty to mur- der. As I look back over my diary and the reports of my operatives it seems strange to me that men at the head of a once powerful labor organization could have worked hand in glove with Anarchists to murder and destroy for a series of years, fool the honest workmen supporting the union, 9 io THE MASKED WAR and evade the penalty of the law for their crimes. There are, perhaps, scores of people who will read this story and who would rather read my death notice. I do not say that there are hundreds or thousands who would slay me, but I do know of those who tried their best to eliminate me. So far as I am concerned — and I am now fifty-two years old — they have failed, but these same people have taken the lives of over a hundred other human be- ings. I have brought a number of them to justice, and I am still alive and watchful for my own safety. My name is William J. Burns, and my ad- dress is New York, London, Paris, Montreal, Chi- cago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, New Orleans, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, and wher- ever else a law-abiding citizen may find need of men who know how to go quietly about throwing out of ambush a hidden assassin or drawing from cover criminals who prey upon those who walk straight. It will be well for honest, clean-living working- men with a family, a craft and a spark of patriotism in them to read the reports of my operatives as they gradually unfold the story of anarchy, for then they will come to know by actual evidence the nature and quality of those in whom they have put their trust as leaders and to whom they have given week after week a percentage of their wages. It will be more important for them to read and con- sider than for the employer, although there are THE MASKED WAR ri thousands of employers who will have their eyes opened wide. Every possible lie that could be hatched was aimed at me while my net closed on the McNa- maras and those of the International Bridge and Structural Iron Workers, who betrayed the workers of that union to the Anarchists. Not only were ef- forts made to kill me, but every conceivable effort was made to kill my reputation. I am called the arch-enemy of organized labor. The fact is that I believe in organized labor, and believe that it has helped the workingman and will help him more when the unions shall purge themselves of such men as fight for their leadership to graft, to destroy and to kill. The war with dynamite was a war of Anarchy against the established form of government of this country. It was masked under the cause of Labor. This is not figurative at all. It is fact. My re- ports of investigations among the Anarchists in this country, written in the terse and simple lan- guage of my investigators, will prove it. Person- ally, as well as through these reports, I know this, for I spent a part of my time trailing the Anarch- ists and living among them in their nest at Home Colony, near Tacoma, Wash., the community which provided two of the men who assisted J. B. Mc- Namara in blowing up the Los Angeles Times Building and sending to a dreadful death twenty-one hard-working, innocent heads of families. 12 THE MASKED WAR Were it not that my operatives proved of excep- tional ability and in their reports gave names, ad- dresses and dates, and that each operative was checked up by another, this book would read as a product of remarkable imagination. But the reader is not asked to take it on its face, for the same proof that would have been offered in evidence at Los Angeles will be given him just as it would have been given to the jury chosen to try the McNa- maras. J. J. McNamara, the secretary-treasurer of the International Union of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers, and his brother, J. B. McNamara, were pictured as martyrs, and great mass-meetings and parades were held by Socialists and by workingmen who were not Socialists to enlist the country's sym- pathy for them. An immense fund was drawn from the pockets of union men to pay Darrow and his advisers in the defense. A threat was made to call a general strike and tie up every industry in the United States so that the courts might be intimi- dated. A social revolution seemed at hand, but the martyrs who bring revolutions to a head are men with the good of humanity at heart, and the Mc- Namaras were not of that kind. When J. B. McNamara was starting for the Pacific Coast to blow up the Los Angeles Times Building his brother, J. J. McNamara, insisted on his buying a round-trip ticket so that he would save money. On another occasion, when J. B. McNa- THE MASKED WAR 13 mara reported at the International Headquarters in Indianapolis after exploding nitroglycerin in a non- union plant without doing any vast damage, J. J. cried with a profane utterance of the Savior's name as prefix: "Don't you know that stuff costs $1.30 a quart?" It would be hard for any man capable of the least degree of thought to picture J. J. McNa- mara as a martyr. With J. B. McNamara there was no such thing as conscience. He was deep in the dregs of im- moral living, as was his brother, who directed him in his tours of murder and destruction. After de- stroying the Los Angeles Times Building and its twenty-one occupants, he enjoyed a long carouse on a hunting trip in Wisconsin, he nfcver expressed any remorse for his act and continued his course as if nothing had happened. He started as a boy in a childish way that landed him in a house of correc- tion, and as a young man he debauched himself so that when he was not murdering and destroying he was drinking and pursuing women. He generally carried with him pictures so unfit that the mere mention of them is a matter to cause hesitation. There could be no stuff of martyrs in that man. But this is not the place in the story to treat of these two labor "leaders" as specimens of criminals and degenerates. The facts are merely put forth as introductory so that the reader will be ready for the evidence as it comes along. Their actions will tell the stories of their lives. The reports of my 14 THE MASKED WAR investigators will give the really honest and hard- working man an idea of what they did with the money workingmen turned in to the union, the money their wives and children had to manage to get along without. CHAPTER II ATTEMPTS TO KILL BURNS Prior to September 4, 19 10, I was considered anything but an enemy of labor. That was the date upon which I began an investigation of the men back of the reign of terror for the employers of labor in bridge and structural iron work throughout the country. A national strike of the structural iron workers had been called, back in 1905, and for five years buildings, bridges and structural supplies had been wrecked with bombs, buildings had been fired and men slugged, maimed and killed. The employers demanded the right to employ both union and non-union labor. The union insisted that every shop and every job should be closed against workers who did not belong to the union. It was on this date, the date of the employment of my agency, nearly a month before the destruc- tion of the Los Angeles Times Building, that my forces were turned against the criminal "repre- sentatives" of labor. Prior to that I was in high favor with the unions, for I had been employed to uncover and bring to justice the doers of evil among the rich. The Oregon land fraud cases had been brought to a successful conclusion, and I had been called to San Francisco to clear up is 16 THE MASKED WAR the graft situation there for those people who wanted corruption driven out of their munici- pal government. My quarry was the rich then, and I went after the rich crook just as I would go after any menace to society. Whether a crook has millions at his command or just his wits and a knife makes no difference to me. My business is to de- tect criminals and bring them to the courts for trial. In San Francisco, when I was after the men of wealth and long-established political power, a price was set on my head just as it was set afterward when I started to drag from their hiding places the men with torch and dynamite who fired and killed in labor's name. These two situations, bringing about personal peril, may be interesting just at this juncture; the one coming about through the prosecution of the rich malefactor and the other through the search for the malefactors who posed as representatives of labor. The wealthy criminals felt my net drawing closer and closer, and they seemed to realize that my elimi- nation would help destroy that net. A man from the sub-strata of human depravity contracted with certain parties to murder five of us and to murder our chief witness, Gallagher. His price was three thousand dollars for the five lives. The deaths of Gallagher and myself would have meant the com- plete ruin of the chances of the prosecution for suc- cess. This assassin got busy but fortunately we THE MASKED WAR 17 learned of his contract in time, and he was balked. Not, however, until he had blown up Gallagher's house. It is clearly in the recollection of the major- ity of newspaper readers what the next tack was. Francis J. Heney, the special prosecutor of the graft cases, was shot down in open court. Fortunately his wound was not fatal, and the prosecution went right on to a successful termination. Some of my reports will show how, on the other hand, those alleged representatives and apostles of labor involved in the dynamiting outrages tried to plant dress suit cases filled with nitroglycerin in rooms adjoining mine at hotels, and how they planned to blow up my offices with every one in them. The most daring of all efforts was checked in a way that was simple and that proved most ef- fective. When it was certain that the McNamaras were doomed, when my array of witnesses to back up the McManigal confession was scanned and found to be frightful for the chances of the defense a certain once eminent gentleman of the Pacific Coast — who later came upon disgrace — let it be known that only the withdrawal of Burns could save the accused men. Now this statement, coming from a man of edu- cation and some fame, a man deeply interested in the acquittal of the McNamaras, meant more peril to me than all the loud-mouthed threats that might be made in every corner saloon from Los Angeles 18 THE MASKED WAR to New York. His suggestion would carry further than the commands of the McNamaras themselves. I had one of my operatives in touch with this gen- tleman — a fact which may cause him much surprise and disgust. That operative, a man of high intelli- gence, realized in a moment what that remark, meant. It was the signal to go out and "get" Burns. There was only one way, as I saw it, to have that order recalled. I sent the operative back to this gentleman to inform him that if anything happened to me the same thing would happen to him. "But, my God!" cried this gentleman from his swivel chair, "some crank might kill him 1 I would not be responsible." My operative reported to me. With another message my representative re- turned to the office of the gentleman who thought that my withdrawal was the only hope of the Mc- Namaras. He said: "Mr. Blank, Mr. Burns asks me to tell you that if he is killed by a crank another crank will kill you." The suggestion about my withdrawal was hur- riedly recalled, and we proceeded with the selection of a jury, that is, counsel for the prosecution and the defense went about that work while my agency proceeded about uncovering the attempts to bribe jurors and talesmen as they were called. THE MASKED WAR 19 Therefore, on September 4, 19 10, I turned from hunting down wealthy criminals and began, at the request of the McClintic-Marshall Company, to hunt down the dynamiters who had carried on a masked war for five years through the United States. Another detective agency had been em- ployed before that and had drawn a great deal of money from those companies which had suffered from these attacks in the dark. Their usual re- ports were to the effect that explosions had oc- curred at such and such places on such and such dates, and that they were being investigated. No one was arrested. On my return to my Chicago office in the summer of 19 10, after an absence of several days in New York on important matters connected with the American Bankers' Association, I was informed that our Chicago office had been called on to inves- tigate a very important dynamiting case for the Mc- Clintic-Marshall Construction Company, of Pitts- burgh. A railroad bridge at Indiana Harbor, Ind., constructed by this firm had been dynamited, and the explosion took place just before a crowded pas- senger train had approached it. As I had organized the William J. Burns Na- tional Detective Agency with a view of succeeding where others failed, and having just come into the private detective business, I felt that we should do more than make a merely perfunctory investigation on important matters of this character. Therefore, 20 THE MASKED WAR I sent for the operative who made the investigation, and questioned him as to what he had accomplished. In reply he stated, in a great deal of language, that he had proceeded to the point of the explosion at Indiana Harbor, had determined that it occurred between certain hours and at a certain point, and that dynamite was used. He then made a thorough investigation to determine whether or not strangers were seen in that vicinity, and also whether it was possible to obtain dynamite there or thereabouts. After covering considerable ground along these lines I finally summed up the result of his investiga- tion, and suggested to him that he was able to re- turn and inform the client positively that the bridge had been dynamited. He admitted that he sup- posed that about covered the result of his investi- gation. He further stated that the McClintic-Marshall Company were running an open shop. They were paying higher wages and the working conditions were better than those required by the Union, but the fight was for the closed shop. I then asked if he was satisfied that the motive was to enforce the closed shop, and that if that were true might it not be possible that the Bridge and Structural Iron Workers' Union was responsible for the explosion. If so, then the proper place for the further investi- gation would be this Union. Further inquiry developed the fact that this was one of a great number of similar explosions, THE MASKED WAR 21 amounting to over one hundred, and covering a period of several years. We then communicated with our clients and asked permission to reopen the Indiana Harbor investiga- tion, but not being impressed with the results thus far obtained, and unquestionably because of the fact that they had paid out tens of thousands of dollars for useless work and with no results, they naturally concluded that it would be of no use to delve further into this. In the meantime, however, I made a per- sonal call on the McClintic-Marshall Company and impressed them with the fact that I would be able to make a successful investigation of that character of work, and was sure I would be able to apprehend those responsible. As a result, when a similar ex- plosion occurred at Peoria, 111., we were again called in, and this time I took personal charge of the in- vestigation and directed the movements of my oper- atives. This was a series of explosions, and did great damage. One charge of ten gallons of nitro- glycerin was placed under an 80-ton girder manu- factured by McClintic-Marshall, which was intended to span the Illinois River for the Pekin & Peoria R. R. The other took place in the iron works of Lucas & Sons, and both charges exploded at the same hour and the same second, of the same night; the escape of five lives on this occasion was nothing short of miraculous. It so happened that this night it rained, and for 22 THE MASKED WAR that reason the railroad watchmen would make a round and then enter a box-car for shelter. They had just entered the car some short distance from the explosion when it occurred. Had they been at any other spot where it was required for them to traverse their work, they would have been killed. At the iron works the watchmen had passed the spot where the explosion took place within only a moment of safety to them. At the iron works it was learned that J. J. Mc- Namara, the secretary and treasurer of the Inter- national Bridge and Structural Iron Workers, and H. S. Hockin, organizer and field worker of the same organization, visited the office only a few days before and strongly urged that the employers run a closed shop. McClintic-Marshall had been noti- fied in advance that the explosion was to take place, and they in turn notified the officers of this concern that there was danger to their property. These of- ficers, notified by the McClintic-Marshall Com- pany, at Peoria and East Peoria, realized that vio- lence might be used by these Structural Iron Work- ers. Apparently they did not take this advice seri- ously enough, however, for, on the night of Sep- tember 4, 1910, at the hour of 10.30, the iron works in East Peoria and the McClintic-Marshall girders in the railroad yards were blown up by nitroglycerin. CHAPTER III FOLLOWING A SAWDUST TRAIL I have always insisted that every criminal leaves a track — that many times Providence interferes to uncover the footprints left by the criminal. And so on this occasion, one charge under a second gir- der failed to explode, due to the fact that the dry battery used in the clock bomb lost its voltage. In this way we were able to determine the method used by the dynamiters for bringing about those simul- taneous explosions, as through this clock-working device they were enabled to set the explosion for ii hours and 59 minutes and 59 seconds, which would give them plenty of leeway to escape. They could thereby establish a perfect alibi. They fig- ured, of course, on the total destruction of the bomb, which would obliterate every vestige of evi- dence as to the character of the explosive used. I detailed the very best operatives in our service to make this investigation and personally directed each step of their operations. They returned sev- eral times with final reports, and each time would be sent back to the work to dig further. Knowing that nitroglycerin could not be trans- 23 24 THE MASKED WAR ported on railroad trains, we felt that it must have been manufactured within easy reach of where the explosion took place. Besides, the dynamiters used the original can in which they purchased the nitro- glycerin. In addition to the can filled with nitro- glycerin that failed to explode, there was also an empty can found in the vicinity, and in this same spot were found some grains of sawdust, all of which was carefully gathered up. And this indicates the care with which the trained detective does his work, for, by a similar circumstance many years before, I was able to bring about the conviction of the no- torious Bill Brockaway, by finding at the counter- feiting plant an oilcloth apron used by the counter- feiter while printing his notes at 542 Ann Street, West Hoboken, N. J. And at the room of Brock- away on Avenue A, in New York City, I found a small strip of the same oilcloth, with the same pe- culiar design; and by fitting them together there was the glazed portion missing from the apron that was supplied by the small strip, and vice versa. I was informed by two of the jurymen in the Brock- away case that this bit of important evidence elimi- nated the last vestige of doubt from their minds, and caused the conviction of Brockaway, who paid the penalty of ten years in prison. So, by gathering the bits of sawdust found on the same spot, with a can identical to that in which the nitroglycerin was found, it was subsequently proved that it had been left there by the person who pur- THE MASKED WAR 25 chased the nitroglycerin from Fred Morehart, of Portland, Indiana, who sold it to a man who gave his name as J. W. McGraw. This man's descrip- tion tallied exactly with that of a man seen in the vicinity, and whom we traced to a hotel at Muncie. We found his signature on the register, and made a tracing of it. We then determined that all of those dynamit- ings occurred in the same way, and from that we could deduce the fact that they were guided by the same mind. This deduction having been reached, the next logical step was Indianapolis, which was the headquarters of the International Bridge and Structural Iron Workers' Union. I was convinced that McGraw was working as a dynamiter for the union. McGraw's excuse in purchasing the nitroglycerin was that he represented the stone quarry of George Clark & Company, and reminded Mr. Morehart of the fact that they had made a former purchase from his concern through a Mr. Kiser. A search was promptly made for Kiser, and he was located in Oklahoma. One of the essential features which go to make up the efficient detective is the vigilance over small details. Therefore, the operative had in mind the fact that he would follow, step by step, J. W. Mc- Graw, from the time he first met Mr. Morehart, and interrogate Mr. Morehart as to every word spoken. 26 THE MASKED WAR I assigned an operative to this task. His report shows how he uncovered helpful evidence at this early stage of the investigation. Operative H. A. G. reports: "McGraw, at the time he first met Mr. More- hart, stated that he had formerly purchased nitro- glycerin from Kiser at Albany, and had gone there on this occasion, August 20, to purchase some more, but was told at Albany that Kiser had gone away, and that Mr. Morehart had the agency at Port- land. McGraw then came to Portland and in- quired of Mr. O. O. Gaskill, No. 216 Meridian Street, for Morehart. Gaskill says that he never saw McGraw before and merely directed him to Morehart, but did not tell Morehart that he knew McGraw. McGraw told Morehart that he bought some of the stuff of Kiser about June 1, 1906. This was his first purchase from Kiser, but he made other deals later. This Morehart has been unable to verify as Kiser's books and records show no such sales. "McGraw told Mr. Morehart, on August 20, the date of his first visit, that he represented G. W. Clark & Co., of Peoria, 111., that they had some very hard rock and they could use nitroglycerin there with better results and less expense than dyna- mite. He also said that Mr. G. W. Clark lived in Indianapolis. (There is no G. W. Clark in the directories there.) When the stuff was delivered THE MASKED WAR 27 by Morehart to McGraw at Albany on August 30, McGraw had a camera and took a picture of More- hart on his wagon. This is a specially made rig and bears the words in large letters, 'Nitro Glyc- erine — Dangerous,' on the sides and rear. On it also is the apparatus for well shooting, which busi- ness Morehart is engaged in. McGraw gave as a reason for coming to Indiana for the stuff that the roads were much better between there and Peoria and the difference in mileage was more than com- pensated for on that account. Although McGraw promised Morehart a copy of the picture he took he has never sent it. There were no marks on the boxes which McGraw had on his wagon. The place indicated by me as the spot where the transfer was made and from whence I took the sawdust is pro- nounced by Morehart as the exact spot where he met McGraw. He remembers very distinctly that the sawdust was unusually coarse stuff. Paper was in the bottom of one of the boxes and was cast aside by McGraw and left lying there when he departed. McGraw was talkative, and was apparently not a drinking man. He proved himself a genuine K. of P., but did not state the name or location of his lodge. He claimed to be well acquainted in Fos- toria, Ohio, and mentioned a number of places there with which Morehart is quite familiar. He men- tioned no names of acquaintances, however. Fos- toria is near Toledo, about 10,000 population, and Morehart is quite sure that if McGraw lived there 28 THE MASKED WAR at any time he could be easily traced in the town. McGraw told Morehart that he had used nitro- glycerin, and that he was familiar with its use. In paying Morehart he exhibited a large roll of twenty-dollar bills, and the money he took from the roll did not appreciably diminish its size. McGraw seemed familiar with the proper method of hand- ling the stuff as well as with the law regulating its transportation, storage, etc. He said he would re- quire another consignment in a short time, and would return and obtain it from Morehart. I ar- ranged with Morehart that in case McGraw or any other stranger makes overtures to him for the purchase of any of the stuff in the future, he will put the man off 24 hours on a plea of being out of stock, and he will then communicate by telephone with our Chicago office at once. This he can easily do without arousing suspicion, as it often occurs that the supply is exhausted before a new lot is re- ceived." That little pinch of sawdust taken as a sample near the railroad yards in Peoria came in very handy. It established the fact that the man who bought the nitroglycerin from Morehart had car- ried some of the explosive and had set it off with the time clock attachment in Peoria. The sample showed that it was the same sawdust as that found sprinkled in the road two hundred miles away at the point where the explosive was transferred from Morehart's vehicle to McGraw's. THE MASKED WAR 29 We had a good description of McGraw. Next was to get his signature. Operative H. A. G. hunted through the various hotels in the towns around Portland, and finally came to a register in Muncie, Ind., with the name J. W. McGraw upon it. H. A. G. made a tracing of this signature. We then found the liveryman who had rented McGraw a light wagon and the man who had sold him a long-handled shovel observed by Mr. Morehart in the wagon. From these we got good descriptions. My operatives found the sawdust pile in the yard of a farmhouse on the road leading to Morehart's. Here McGraw had stopped to take enough for his needs in packing the explosive. We could now prove that the sawdust found in Peoria was the same sawdust as that stolen from the farmer's yard and the same dropped from the wagon when the nitroglycerin was transferred from Morehart's ve- hicle to McGraw's. We had made an advance upon the dynamiter that was worth while. We had his description, his signature and a clearly marked trail connecting him from the place where the ex- plosive was bought to where it was touched off. We also had one of his little clock machines. Further- more we would trap him if he called on Morehart for more nitro. CHAPTER IV RICH MAN DRIVEN TO GERMANY The opening of the trail to McGraw was accom- plished after about three weeks of hard work and the running out of many clues that proved value- less. It was the first opening after five years of continued warfare against the employers of struc- tural iron workers by the men who levied on the pay envelopes of those who would work and could get the chance to work; by the men who at Inter- national Headquarters in Indianapolis used this money for their own ends, for drink and the pay- ment of money to blackmailing women; by the men who never did a day's honest work themselves and whose only occupation outside of licentious indul- gence was the occupation of destruction and murder. It was indeed a reign of terror. The police are always in politics, and politics in the police system. The labor leaders are in politics, and this triangular state of affairs made it no cause for wonder that no one was arrested and no crime was avenged by the law. If the United States was a free country during those five years the employers did not have good 30 THE MASKED WAR 31 reason to believe it. A record of over one hundred cases of assault on non-union workers during that time is available. It ranges from throwing acid in the face of a worker to the hurling of a special po- liceman from the structure of the Hotel Plaza in New York City when that building was in course of erection. The officer was slugged first and then thrown to his death to hide the marks of the as- sault. David M. Parry, formerly president of the Na- tional Association of Manufacturers, a wealthy resi- dent of Indianapolis, incurred the hatred of the leaders of the hidden forces. He was compelled to walk about the streets of his native city with a heavy bodyguard and with an automatic revolver in each coat pocket. Mr. Parry is a dead shot, and is afraid of no man. His brother is the cham- pion pistol shot of the National Guards of Indiana. It sounds like melodrama, but the two Parrys were ready to make somebody pay for their taking off. The telephone was kept busy in Mr. D. M. Parry's office by people who made threats to kill him and burn his house. He surrounded his splendid resi- dence with guards and kept on his course. Finally the terrorists threatened to kidnap his children. The father's heart in Mr. Parry beat with fear at this threat. He determined to move his family abroad, and he took his wife and children to Strasburg in Germany. There he got a home for them until the reign of terror would come to an end. 32 THE MASKED WAR He, a millionaire American citizen, then went to the chief of police of this German city and recite'd the facts and asked that should his enemies pursue his family to Strasburg police protection be given them. All the while the planted mines and bombs were being set off. Here is a partial list of explosions from the time of the declaration of the strike of the structural workers up to the terrible climax of the first of October, 19 10, when the Los Angeles Times Building was utterly destroyed with twenty-one in- nocent people: a 03 C3 55 - 12 ^ oj p-s « - SJ3J3.-S 3 g) g S 9.12 ! § pi 11 si.i-s'S 3 fell 1 1^ -"S i-a-2-B.a a-s^^sJ a 5,-a . .a m-s p. o^£ cs-~ "38 |* a) d -3 CO ^ '^•^+» *-*§•§£ 8 5; S -3 q 3 •fa 3' 9 ■a a "Si =S »-. ft) I ■a a -■3 TB.s » • - SP . -s a |.s-||.a §« 5,-o-g m-a o^>-n Q n a m ■si 3 "8 ~ - .8.2 o) a. a z 03 a o o S !•« 2 SS« o ^h 5 *» ^ trf be s o ^ 1 3 a 2>a2 i §** E-g 2^ 2 a-"-^ -Ct3 Sc {- o a S oja V 1 b o o CO fe.a a S ■ -22 ^ § i al II s> • « 2 ..S3 « "3T3"° So & « > & o so o a a O, „. 60 a *> S £ a ..2 O.Q g o3 8» £ t. 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