GIFT OF c GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION WITH NOTES AND VOCABULARIES CARL W. F. OSTHAUS PROFESSOR OF GERMAN IN INDIANA UNIVERSITY AND ERNEST H. BIERMANN INSTRUCTOR IN GERMAN IN INDIANA UNIVERSITY NEW YORK -:- CINCINNATI -:- CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY Copyright, 1909, by Carl W. F. Osthaus AND Ernest H. Biermann ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL, LONDON German Prose Composition w. P. s r' .<\y / f •/// PREFACE The present volume is intended for the second and third years in college, and for the third and fourth years in secondary schools. It consists of three parts, an elemen- tary, an intermediate and advanced, and a brief digest of syntax. A portion of the exercises in the elementary part contain three sections, a German section, a set of ques- tions in German, and an EngHsh paraphrase of the pre- ceding German section for translation into German. The German section should be thoroughly studied before the translation is worked out by the class. The teacher may add more questions to be answered in German if time per- mits, as well as other practice work, such as transposition into different tenses or persons, change to indirect and direct discourse, etc. The footnotes are rather copious in the elementary part, but limited to a small number in the intermediate and ad- vanced part. The digest of syntax, as will readily be seen, is intended chiefly for the guidance of the inexperienced, and should be supplemented by the grammar with which the student is famihar. The teacher can greatly aid the student by giving the exact references in the grammar used by the class. It has been the endeavor of the editors to arrange the selections according to their difficulty, and it is hoped that this has been fairly successful. In conclusion, the editors wdsh to express their obligation 3 4 : PJlEtACE to the authors whose works were used in the preparation of the text, especially Professor R. W. ^loore of Colgate University, and likewise to Professor B. J. \'os of Indiana University, who showed his interest in the book by some helpful suggestions and by reading the proofs. The Editors. Indiana University. CONTENTS PART FIRST Elementary PAGE 1. !^er iDcirf^fjcrjige Gmigrant 9 2. fragen 9 3. The Tender-Hearted Emigrant 9 4. 3nte Äamcroben 9 5- fragen 10 6. Old Comrades 10 7. Sine gute Sfnttüort 10 8. j^ragen 11 9. A Good Answer 11 10. SBeniamin i^ranfüuö Jrinffpruc^ n 11. (fragen 12 12. Benjamin Franklin's Toast 12 13. 3)ie anbcre §anb 13 14. fragen 13 15. The Other Hand 13 16. SBeffen 9^egen[cf)irm? 14 17. (fragen 14 18. Whose Umbrella? 14 19. SBiffeix i[t 9J?adöt 15 20. t^rngen 15 21. Knowledge is Power 16 22. 3)ie erfte (Sdjlacfit ^rtebrid)^ bcö ®ro^en 16 23. i^ragett 17 24. The First Battle of Frederick the Great 17 25. SBa^re ^f^ac^ftenliebe 18 26. fragen 18 «7' True Love for One's Neighbor 18 5 6 CONTENTS PAGE 28. SBurft rt)iber SBurft 19 29. i^va^m 20 30. Tit for Tat 20 31. ^ie ^rinjeffin SOJärc^en 21 32. Princess Fairy-Tale 22 33. X)ie ^rinjeffin 9JcQrtf;cn (S(^Iu§) 23 34. fragen 24 35. Princess Fairy-Tale (concluded) 24 36. :DIc Jungfrau auf bem Muriel) 25 37. 5^ragcn 26 38. The Maiden of the Lurley 27 39. 2)ic Jungfrau auf bem Zuriet) (3 cl)(ufe) 28 40. }^vaQcn 28 41. The Maiden of the Lurley {concluded) 29 42. Balder's Death 30 43. Balder's Death {continued) 31 44. Balder's Death {concluded) 32 45. The Legend of St. Christopher 7,1, 46. The Legend of St. Christopher {continued) 34 47. The Legend of St. Christopher {concluded) 35 48. Thor 37 49. Thor and the Giant Thrym 38 50. The Legend of Gudrun 39 51. The Legend of Gudrun {continued) 40 52. The Legend of Gudrun {continued) 41 53. The Legend of Gudrun {continued) 42 54. The Legend of Gudrun {continued) 43 55. The Legend of Gudrun {continued) 44 56. The Legend of Gudrun {concluded) 45 57. The Vagabond 46 58. The Vaerabond {continued) 47 59. The Vagabond {concluded) 47 CONTENTS 7 PAGE 60. Robinson Crusoe 49 61. Robinson Crusoe (continued) 49 62. Robinson Crusoe (continued) 50 63. Robinson Crusoe (continued) 52 64. Robinson Crusoe (concluded) 53 PART SECOND Intermediate and Advanced 65. A Walk in Summer 54 66. A Group of German Poets 57 Chamisso 57 Eichendorff 59 Uhland 61 67. The Margrave of Brandenburg 64 68. Reminiscences 81 69. Berlin 90 70. The Cathedral of Cologne 93 71. The Iron City of Essen 98 72. German Universities loi 73. The Technical High Schools of the German Empire . . . 104 74. German Art 106 PART THIRD Digest of Syntax Punctuation 113 The Article 113 The Noun 114 The Pronoun 115 The Genitive 115 The Dative 116 The Accusative 116 The Verb 116 g CONTENTS PAGE Il6 The Passive The Subjunctive "7 The Infinitive "^ The Present Participle "9 The Perfect Participle _ ^^o Conjunctions, Adverbs, Pronominal Adjectives Prepositions Word Order 1 20 122 122 Vocabulary German-English ^^5 English-German -^34 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION PART I — ELEMENTARY Words in square brackets arc not to be translated. Round brackets indicate the German rendering. Heavy-face figures in the notes indicate the paragraphs of the Digest of Syntax, on pages 1 13-124. I. ^cr njcit^^crjigc (Emigrant 3c^ faf) cinft einen (5mic\rantcn, bcr mit einer fcf^meren ?aft auf bem ^liicfen auf bent 'perron eine<5 Straj^enbatjnmagenö fu^r. ^cr Schaffner fagte 3U i()m, cr fo((e boc^ fein iöünbet nieberfe^en. SBorauf biefer autmortetc, bie "^pferbe f)ätten genug 3U tun, um 5 il)n gu siel)cn. 2. fragen 1. 3Bo tüar ber Emigrant? 2. SSaö i-)attc er auf bem 9?ücfen? 3. 3Sa^ fagte ber ^c^affner ju bem Emigranten? 4. iSaö antwortete biefer? 3. The Tender^ -Hearted Emigrant Punctuation, the use of the hyphen. The normal order. The in- verted order. The uses of the preterit and perfect tenses. The present tense for the future. The position of the separable com- pounds. The position of the dependent infinitive and its adjuncts. An emigrant with a heavy bundle on his back was riding on the platform of a street car. The conductor said to him: "Put the bundle down/ my dear man." "No," the emigrant repHed/ "the horses have enough to do^ (in 5 order) to pulP me. I shall carry the bundle." 4. 5((tc ^amcrabcn (Sine ältliche ^xan tooKte eine (^an^ faufen. 5tuf bem 5??arfte toaxcn nur jujei, bie ein £nabe ^um 53erfauf anbot. 5)tefer .Snabe ^ Id. 257,59. 354b, 55. ■'lb. 558b. lO GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION tDeigerte fid), fie ein^^etn 311 üerfaiifcn. XaQ machte bic Jrau neu- gierig, unb fie fragte i()n, njaiiim er bie eine nid)t o()ne bie anbere 5 ücrfaiifen rtioKe? 3)arauf eriuiberte ber .Rnabe, feine 9)hitter i)aht gefagt, t)a\i eö graufam fci, bie Öänfe, meldte fünf^e^n ^a^xc 3U= fammengelebt ()ättcn, ^u trennen. 5. fragen 1. 3Bo^in ging bie alte grau? 2. SSie üiele (^änfe f)attc ber ^nabe gu üerfaufen? 3. SSanim muffte bie grau beibe faufenV 4. liefen (Sie bie ^^(nefbote in ber inbireften Siebeform: „Qv fagtc, ba^ eine ältUd)e grau . . ."! See Digest of Syntax, 29. 6. Old Comrades The translation of to before names of places. The article in prepo- sitional phrases. The use of the article with proper nouns. The dependent subjunctive after verbs of asking, etc. The subjunctive in indirect questions. An elderly woman went to^ market to buy a goose. There were only two. The boy- who had^ them did not want to sell'' one without the other. Therefore the lady bought'^ both. She was inquisitive and asked the boy 5 why he had® refused to sell them separately. The boy replied: "Mother said, because the geese had' lived together fifteen years, it would^ be cruel to part them." 7. Ginc gute 9(ntrt)ort griebrid) ber ©rofie inurbe in feiner (elften Äranf^eit oon bem berid)mten ^(r^t, T)ottox ^iTumermann, iir^tlid) bef)anbelt. Ter lönig fagte su i^tn, er f)abe mo()l fd)on nuindjcm in bic anbere Sett ge()o(fen. 3n ber ^Intmort, bie ber ^i^lr^t bem Slöm(\c gab, 5 tüaren 3Öabrt)eit unb 84meid)clei üortreffliit vereint: „^lid)t fo Dielen n)ie 3i)xc 9J?ajeftät, nod) mit fo incl (i1)rc für mid) fclbft.'' ' narf) bcni or auf ben, sec S2a and b. •• 54b. • 29c. 2 la. '540,56. '57. '29,29b. ** 54b. ELEMENTARY II 8. J^roflcn 1. 5Ber luar gricbrid) ber (^roßeV 2. illHU-uiii {'\t{] bcr .Üönig ben iHqt rufen? 3. !ilsa{< bcnfeu 2le Don bcr 'Hiitiuort be^ ^Ir^tc^V 4. I'efcn 3ic bie S^^^O^ '^^^'^ .Uönigvj in bcr bircftcn ^licbcform! 9. A Good Answer The infinitive with urn. The inllcction of pronominal adjectives mand), öici. Translation of as in comparative clauses. The adverbial geni- tive of time. The apposition of nouns. The relative pronoun in the relative clause. Dr. Zimmermann, a celebrated physician of the city of^ Hanover, went to- BerHn (in order) to attend^ Frederick the Great in his last sickness. One day^ the king said to him: ''You have presumably^ helped many® a man into the 5 other world?" This was a bitter pill for the doctor, but the answer^ he gave the king was a judicious mixture of truth and flattery. "Not so many as^ Your Majesty, nor with so much^ honor to^'' myself." ID. Benjamin ^ranWin^ S^rinffprut^ T)it ©lege SSaffjingtonö über bie grangofen unb öngtänber n)aren fc^on Uingft gewonnen, at^ iöenjamin granfUn eincö Staged mit bem engtifc^en unb fran3ö[ifcf)cn Öcfanbtcn 3U SDtittag aß. 3)er erfte Xoa\t murbe üon bem englifc^en ©efanbten aufgebracht. 5 Gr fagte, öngtanb fei tnie bie 3tral)(en ber ©onne, bie bcleuc^tenb unb befrui^tenb in bie entfernteftcn iföinfel ber Grbc fd)ienen. :i)arauf er^ob fi(^ ber gran^ofe. 5Diefer )x>ax ftolj auf feine Elation, jebod^ in l^öflic^, um ben Xrinffpruc^ beö engtifc^en ©efanbten an- 3ufecf)ten. (Sr üergüc^ granfrcid) mit bem 'Dtonbe, beffen ftetige^ 10 unb erfreuenbeö ?ic^t ba^ Qntjurfen alter ^btionen fei. ^ie öor* * 14. 3 Position of the infinitive ? '^ 44. ^ 42c. 2nad^. ''20. 5n)ofj(. 7 17, 945^ '" für, denoting benefit. 12 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION ^erge^enben 2^rinf|priicf)e gaben 53eniamin granfUn bie (^elegen= ^eit, einen Joaft auf (George 3Saf()ington aufzubringen. Gr jagte: „Öeorge SBaff)ington, ber 3ofua, befall ber ®onne unb bem Wlonbt ftill3uftef)en, unb fie ge()orc^ten i^m." 1 1 . fragen 1. SSen platte SBaf^ington befiegt? 2. SOiit mem af3 33eniamin granfUn ju TOttag? 3. SBer brachte bm erften Xoa\t auö? 4. Q^tbm eie ben Jrinffpruc^ beö engtifc^cn (^efanbten in ber bireften 9^ebeforni! 5. (^thm ®ie benjamin granflinö 3:rinffpruc^ in ber inbireften 9^ebeform ! 12. Benjamin Franklin's Toast The use of the article with names of countries. The position of the separable prefixes. The genitive of time. The orthography of proper adjectives. The position of the reflexive pronoun. The use of the relative pronouns ber and ti3clcf}. One day/ long after Washington had- gained his vic- tories over the French and the English,^ Franklin dined ^ with the ambassadors of France^ and England. On^ this occasion the following toasts were given. ^ The British S ambassador said: "England, the sun whose^ bright beams enlighten^ and fructify^ the remotest corners of the earth." The French ambassador, proud of^*^ his nation, but too polite to dispute the previous toast, said: "France, the moon whose steady and cheering rays are^^ the delight of all na- 10 tions." Dr. Franklin then^- rose and said: "George Wash- ington, the Joshua who commanded the sun and the moon to stand still, and they obeyed him." ' 20. ^' 7. f* bcrcn; why not bcffcn? 256. «ibci. "Position? 3 bie i^raujofcn unb (Sn(^länbcr. '" niif, with tlie arcusative, * 54b. ' 27a. " 56. 1-67. ELEMENTARY 13 ^13. Xic anbcrc .^anb Ttx ficinc ^Taniel fam oft mit f(^mut3igcn ^önbcn ^ur ©cftulc. Tanim bcftraftc i()n and) öcr Vcf)rcr. (5incö Xagcö, auf bcm 2ße(^c 3ur 3d)u(c, bcmcrftc cr fciiie fc^mut^igcn .spänbc. (Sr ^attc fie mo[)( gern gemafd)cn, e^ mar aber fein iisaffer ba. rcc[)a(b Iccfte cr bic 5 cine ^panb fo rein aU möc^üd), 3n «^^r Schule fragte i^n ber ^e^rer, ob feine .V)änbe rein feien. Xer .ßnabe, ber feine .'öänbe forgfättig I)inter bem ^iücfen öerborgen ^ielt, geigte bem l'e^rer bie reinere, morauf biefer fagte, ban er if)n nidit beftrafen merbe, menn cr eine fc^mul3igere ipanb in ber 2c^u(e fänbe. «Seined fam bie 10 fc^mu^ige §anb f)inter feinem D^ücfen ^erüor mit bcn ^Sorten: „§ier ift fic, §err ?e^rer." 14. fjragcn 1. SSarum miirbe ber ficine ^Taniet fo oft t)on feinem 2t^xtt beftraftV 2. 2öic \üoiltt ber Änabe feine ^änbe reinigen? 3. 5Banim beftrafte ber ?e^rer i^n nic^t, a(e Xaniel i^m bie f (^müßige 63anb ^jcigteV 4. ?efen (Sie bie 5(nefbote in ber @egenrt)art [present tense) \ 15. The Other Hand The positions of adverbs of time. The force of Don, The translation of as. The subjunctive in indirect questions. The use of the article for the English possessive. Little Daniel was^ often punished^ by^ his teacher because he came^ to school with dirty hands. One day as' he was on his^ way to (the) school it occurred to him that his hands were very dirty. As^ he had no water to wash them he S licked the one as clean as^ possible. In the school the teacher asked^ him whether his hands were^^ clean. Daniel, J What voice? 27a. ^56. M2C »57. 5al6 or ba? see 41, 41a. «S4b 3 Don, 526. «15. ' 41a. »030. 14 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION who kept^ both hands carefully behind his back, showed him the cleaner of the two; whereupon the teacher said: ''Daniel, if you can' find a dirtier hand in this school, I- lo shall not^ punish you." "Here it is, sir!" said Daniel, and with this^ he showed him the dirtier hand. -. i6. Söcffcn Oflcgcnfc^irm? (5ineö 3lage^ iDiirbe ic^ auf bcm ÜBege nac^ §aiife öom Siegen iiberrafc^t. 5>or mir Ijcr ging ein 9Jtann mit einem 9iegenfcf)irm. 3c^ ^ielt bm §errn für einen 53efannten, unb inbcm ic^ meine .'panb üertraulid^ auf feinen 5(rm legte, fagte ic^: „53itte, geben Sie 5 mir ben 9iegenfcf)irm. " 9}?ein t)ermuttid)er greunb fa^ fic^ um, — er Jüar mir t)ö(üg fremb. ^ä) tüoKte mid^ entfc^ulbigen, jcbocf) el)c ic^ eö tun fonnte, fagte ber §err: „O, ic^ mufete nic^t, ba]^ ber 9?egenfd)irm ber 3^re ift," unb mit biefen ^Sorten lie^ er ben ©d^irm in meiner ^anb imb eilte baüon. 17. i^xa^tn 1. 5So njurbe ber §txv öom Siegen überrafc^t? 2. SBarum fprac^ er gu bem $errn, tr)dd)tv öor if)m l^er ging? 3. 2ßar biefer fein greunb? 4. 3Sa^ tat ber grembe mit bem Siegenfc^irmV 5. ^rgä^ten Sie bie 5lnefbote in ber britten "^erfon: „(Sineö S^ageö mürbe er . . . " ! 18. Whose Umbrella? The interrogative pronouns. Contraction of article and preposition. Possessives used as substantives. The pronominal adjective fein. The position of ni(^t. ber, berfelbe, for possessives [ein, if)r. The uses of the preposition für. The transposed order. A gentleman who had no umbrella was walking in the^ rain. He saw before him® a man whom he took for an ' 56. 3 68. 5 im; why ? ^47. '' bamit, see 16. « Use reflexive pronoun. ELEMENTARY 1 5 acquaintance. He touched his' arm and said jokingly: "I'lP take that umbrella, if you please." The person 5 looked^ around. He was a stranger. But before the other could apologize the stranger said:* "Oh, it is yours? I did not^ know that! Here, you can have it;" and with this^ he walked hurriedly away, leaving^ the umbrella in the other's hand. / 19. Söiffen ift mad^t Jiirft iöiömarcf fc^icfte bem berühmten ^^aturforfc^er 33irc^on) cin£ öerau^forbenmg, ba biefer i^n ftreng fritificrt ^atte. X)ie (Sehmbanteu fanbcn ben 9Zaturfor|(f)er in feinem I'aboratorium, mo bcrfefbe mit Xric^inen experimentierte. 5(Iö ©eforberter ^atte 5 iUrd)om bie Sal}t ber 5Öaffen. (Sr na^m itdd einanber gan^ ii^ntidje ilBürfte unb i)[dt [ie in bie ^ö^e mit ben ilBorten: „Xiee finb bie ©affen, bie ic^ mä^le. T)it dm biefer dürfte entf)ä(t :Xri(^inen unb ift ba^er ti3blic^, bie anbere bagegen enthält nic^t^ <2c^äbüc^e^5. 3agen Sie Seiner G^ceden^, bafe er eine baoon mä^te lo unb fie effe, unb ic^ mill bie anbere effen." giirft 53iömarcf unb i^irc^om buedierten fic^ nic^t, unb boc^ fonnte niemanb ^irc^oh) ber geigf)eit befc^utbigen. 20. fragen 1. 3Ser mar ^i^marcf? 2. 3Sarum fc^icfte biefer bem 5^aturforfc^er 53irc^on) eine §er* auöforbenmg? 3. 2Bo fanben bie Sefunbanten hen 9laturforfc^er? 4. 3Sa6 für Saffen h)äf)lte 53irc^on)? 5. 3Bar 53i^3marcf mit ben 3Saffen ^jufrieben? 6. 3Sarum buedierten fie fic^ nic^t"? 7. SBen fonnte man ber geig^eit befc^ulbigen? 8. 3Sar Si^Smard ein grower (General ober diplomat? 9. SSer ermiee fief) alö ber beffere diplomat? * beffen, see 18. 3 Use reflexive, see 28. ^ jg^ - What tense r-» see 25. * 54b. ^ ^g. " 39d. l6 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 21. Knowledge^ is Power The omission of the article with abstract nouns in titles. The forma- tion and meaning of the passive voice. The inflection of two or more titles before a name. The article before a title. Names in connection with titles. The celebrated scientist Virchow had severely criticized the chancellor Prince- Bismarck. The latter challenged Virchow to a duel. The seconds found the scientist in his laboratory, where he was experimenting^ with trichinae. 5 *'Ah," said Virchow, "a challenge from Prince^ Bismarck! As^ I am the challenged [party], I suppose" I have the choice of (the) weapons. Here they are!" He held up two sausages which seemed to be ahke. '^ One of the sausages is filled^ with trichinae," he continued, "it is deadly. The lo other contains no poison. His Excellency may choose which of these he wishes and eat it, and I will eat the other." No duel was fought^ and no one accused Virchow of (the) cowardice. « 22. ^ic crfte ©djlac^t i5"cbri(^^ be» ©ro^cn Jriebrid^ ber ©rofee, ber fä^igfte (General feiner 3^it, foc^t feine erfte @d)lac^t bei 3)Jolln)i^. (Seine 5Irmee \mx fiec^reic^, aber für fic^ felbft gewann er f)ier nic^t ben 3:itel einc^ c[xo\]cn gelb()crrn. 3a, eö festen beinaf)e, a(^ ob er ein geigling märe, benn, alvj ber 5 geinb feine ^aüaKerie, bie er in ^erfon fommanbierte, Dom gelbe trieb, f(o() auc^ griebric^. Sein ^>fcrb trni-^ if)n niele '?)lciUn noni Scf^lac^tfelbe fort nnb am SIbenb fanb er ^nfhidjt in einer DJiiibte. SBä^renb er f(of), fampfte fein oernjnnbeter (General Sc^merin nnb beffen 53atai((one lüeiter. 30^ 5}hit nnb if)re '?(nv^bancr (bemannen 10 hm Sieg nnb bie Öftreic^er mnrben mit großem ^i^cr(nft in bie 1 Why no article? see 8. ^ 41a. a 10. " öcrmutlirf), following ^nbc iit. » 56. ' 56. < Why uninflecled? sec 11. ** icas fonglil, fanb [tatt. ELEMENTARY gluckt gefctjlagcn. Tie 0?acf)ricf)t c^ab ^ncbrid) cincii 2tid) im ^crj. lir t)atU 2ii1)cr()cit in öcr '^[nd)t gcfucf)!, iüäl)rcnb [cine 8olbaten gefämpft, c^cblutct unb c^cficiit l)attcn. 23. iyragcii 1. iTlso foct)t ivriebrid) bcr ö^roi^ feine erfte 2^(i)iad)t? 2. '^Ue er|'d)ieu Jriebric^ in biefer 2cf)(act)ty 3. iG3o fanb er ^nfluc^t mä^renb ber ^lad^t? 4. '-TlHT c\cmann ben 3ieg jiir ben .^önic^V 5. Über ipeii gcmauit bcr (iVMieva( 2(l)iüeriu hen 3ieg? 24. The First Battle of Frederick the Great^ The passive voice. The unreal subjunctive after alö 06, alö racnn. The article with abstract nouns. The omission of mcnn in condi- tional sentences. Frederick's first battle was- fought at^ MoUwitz. His army was victorious. This victory did not^ gain for him the title of a great general. Yes, it even appeared as if'^ he were^ a coward. The cavalry which he commanded in 5 person was put to flight and he also^ fled. His horse carried him many miles away from the battlefield, while his general Schwerin, though wounded, fought on.^ The bravery and the endurance of the old general and his battalions won at last, and the Austrians were driven from the^ field with 10 great loss. The ne\\s reached the king late at night at^'^ a mill where he had^^ found refuge. It gave him a bitter pang. His soldiers had fought and won, while he had sought safety in flight.^- So unfavorable was the first appear- ance of the greatest warrior of that age. • griebric^« be« @roBcn. 5 Omit I'f, see 55b. »öom. 227a. 6 Mode ? see 29. '«in. 3 bei. 7 67. "56. ^68. «59. 12 in the flight 1 8 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION * 25. SSafjrc 9^ä(^ftcnltcbc (Sine Xnippe Äaoafferte murbe maljrenb beö 53ürgcrfnegeö au^» gcfd}icft, urn ju fourac^ieren. «Sie machten 6palt bei einem «Spaufe in ^er Witk eincö eiufamen 2aleö. X)er Hauptmann fticg ab unb flopfte an bic Xür. (£in alter ä)knn erfd;ien. „iöir foura^ 5 gieren, 5>atcr, unb id) l^offe, ^ie fönnen unö ein fc^öneö §afer^ felb geigen," fagte ber ipanptmann. ^Tarauf antwortete ber 2llte: „(Sine 3>ierlelftunbe üon ()ier am Qnht beö Xalc{< liegen bie §aferfe(ber. Sd) Jnid ©ie baf)in fid^ren." 5llö fie am erften gelbe anfamen, njodte ber Hauptmann abfilmen laffen. Ter Jidjrer 10 jebod) fagte, er fode ©ebidb I)aben, ^a fei nod) einö. 5(m ^meiten gelbe n)urbe abgefeffen, ha'^^ (betreibe gemälzt unb in Zimbel gebun= ben. Ta ber Hauptmann nid)t gan^^ mit bem .spafer ^^ufricben mar, fagte er jum gid)rer: „^arum Ijabcn (Sie fic^ bicfe unnütze 9}Zü^e gemacht, baö erfte gelb irar boc^ beffer al6 biefe^?" „3a, 15 baei ift mo^l n)al)r, e^ gel^ört aber meinem ^lac^bar, jebod^ biefeö l)ier ift baö meinige." 26. fragen 1. ^arum tüurbe bie Jruppe auögcfc^idt? 2. 2Bie fanben fie baes (betreibe ? 3. SBarum gab ber güljrer il)nen fein eignet (betreibe? 4. 2öar ber Hauptmann mit bem .^afer gufrieben? 27. True Love for One's Neighbor The use of the article before an abstract noun. The force of to and at. Nouns in apposition. During^ the civil war a captain and his troop were fora- ging. They came to a solitary cottage in the middle of a valley. The captain dismounted- and knocked at^ the door. An old man opentd. ''Father," said the officer, 5 "show us a field where we can"* forage." The old man led them to the end'* of the valley. After a ([uarter of an hour » During, genitive. - 59. ^ OU (:uc.). ' 56. •'■ biv< Jlliil Ciilbo. ELEMENTARY 1 9 they came^ to a field of fine oats.- "This is exactly what we want," said the captain. "Have patience a few minutes longer,"' said the guide, "you shall^ be satisfied."^ They 10 went on and soon came to another field of oats. The troop dismounted at once, cut the grain and tied it in bundles. Then they remounted (their horses). The officer then" said to his guide: "Father, you have given yourself and us useless trouble. The first field was much better than 15 this." "Very true, sir," replied the old man, "but it was not mine." ' 28. SSurft hJibcr SSurft (Ein $crr am offnen genfter fa^ einen Änaben üor feiner ^au^^ tür fi^en. 3n ber einen §anb f)ie(t biefer ein 33utterbrot, in ber anbern einen iöefcn. ^lid)t tddt bon i^m auf bem Xrottoir lag ein .^unb unb fc^Uef. ^er £nabe rief ben Äöter. Xiefer, ate er fic^ 5 freunblic^ gerufen ^örte, fpil3tc bie O^ren, unb ba er t)a-$ 33utter^ brot in beö .Knaben §^^b \af), lief er nad) i^m t)in. Xer .^nabe F)ielt i^m ba^5 iöutterbrot entgegen, aU^ aber ber öunb ba^^ )Dlavd banac^ au^Sftredte, gab ber 3iinge i^m einen furchtbaren Schlag auf bie 9kfe. Ter §unb lief f)eulenb bat)on; ber Änabe jeboc^ fc^ien 10 ficf) feiner böfen -tat gu freuen, benn er lachte ^er^Uc^. Xer §err am genfter, ber atfeö mit angefe^en ^atte, trat au^ bem öaufe unb rief ben 3ungen ^u fic^. „?1töc^teft bu bie^3 l^aben?" fagte er, inbem er ein 2tücf (^e(b in bie .^öbe ^ieft. „^a, menn ee 3^nen gefällig ift," antroortete ber £nabe, unb ftrecfte feine §anb banac^ 15 au^3. 5{ber gteic^^5eitig fc^hig i^n ber §err mit feinem (gtocf über bie .^nöc^el ber auegeftrerften §anb. Ter Änabe rief ^eulcnb: „iföarum fc^tagen (Sie mic^? 3c^ ^abt 3^nen nic^tö getan, unb (gie auc^ nidit um ®e(b gebeten." „Zat ber ©unb bir cüva^^ 3U== (eibe, i)a^ bu ibn fcl)lugft?" fagte ber $err. „^d) t)abe bir nur 20 @(eic^e§ mit @(eid)em t)ergoIten." 1 54b. 3 /oHger, tioc!^, see 49. ^ Passive infinitive. ^Jin£ oat field. * 26a. * 67. 20 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 29. fragen 1. 2Ö0 fa6 ber §err? 2. iöefc^rciben ©ie ben Knaben! 3. 3Sen rief ber ^nabe ju fic^V 4. SBaö geigte ber v'ocrr bem Knaben? 5. 3Saö tut ber .*perr, a(^3 ber £nabe bie .*panb nac§ bem ©elbc au^ftredftV 6. Sefen (Sie bie erften 10 Reiten ber 5(nefbote in ber inbireften ^ebeform: „(Sr fagte, bafe ein $err . . ."! See 29. » 30. Tit for Tat The adverbial genitive. The inflection of successive adjectives. The infinitive after [ef)en, füllen, Reißen, etc. The use of the present participle. A boy was sitting one day^ before the front door. He had a broom in one- hand and in the other a piece of bread and butter. While he was eating it, he saw a poor little dog quietly sleeping^ on the sidewalk. The boy called [out] to 5 the dog: "Come here, poor fellow!" The cur, hearing^ him- self kindly called, pricked up his^ ears and wagged his tail.^ Seeing^ the boy eating, he ran up to him. The boy held out to him a piece of his bread. As^ the dog stretched out his head to take it, the boy gave the dog a hard rap on the 10 nose. The poor beast ran off, howling*' dreadfully, while the boy sat there laughing^^ at^^ his evil deed. A gentleman on the other side of the street saw what the boy had done. He called the boy, at the same time holding up a piece of money between his index finger and thumb. "Would you 15 hke this?" asked the gentleman. "Yes, if you please, sir," »20. 515. 938c. 2 ber einen. ® unth the tail. w 39d, see also 38c. ^39a, 57. '39c. " Über. <39C. 841. tell ELEMENTARY 21 replied the boy. However, when' he stretched out- his hand for^ the money, he got a rap over the knuckles from a cane which the gentleman had behind him."* Now the boy howled. ''What did you do that for?" said he, rubbing 20 his hand. *' I did not hurt you nor"' ask you for money." ''What did you hurt that dog for?" said the gentleman. "He neither hurt you nor asked for your bread. As you did to him, so I have done to you."° y 31. ^ic ^Prinscfftn 9Jiär(^cn 3n einem fcf)i)ncu fernen 9icicf)e, njo bie (Sonne niemals unter- gel^t in if)ren cmigen grünen (Härten, (}errfcf)tc üon Einfang an biö diente bie Königin '^pf)antafie. 5IUe, bie fie fennen, lieben unb e^ren fie, n)ei( fie (^üte beö Aperjenö befi^t unb ben 5(rmen gern 5 ^ilft. Ginft ftieg fie f)erab auf bie (Srbe, benn fie ()atte get)ört, ^a'^ 'ba üDienfc^en njof^nen, bie i^r ?eben in 9}tii^e unb 5lrbeit f)inbringen. liefen ^atte fie bie fc^i)nften ©aben au^ i^rem 9iei(f)e mitgebracht, imb feit bie Königin auf (Srben hjar, finb bie ?eute \xö\){\6) in i^rer cirbeit. %\x&) \{)xt Äinber, nicf;t minber 10 fcf)i3n unb licbUd), fanbte fie auö, um bie 302enf(^en gu beglücfen. Ginft fam 9}^ärc^en, bie ältefte 3:o^ter ber Königin, öon ber Grbe gurücf. 3^ie 93tutter bcmcrfte, ha^ 50tärd^en traurig fei, unb eö tüollte i^r bünfen, alö ob fie ocrtPeinte Hugen ^ätte. „3Sa^3 ^aft bu, liebet iOtärc^en," fprarf) bie Königin, „bu bift feit beiner 9icife 15 fo traurig imb niebergefcf)lagen; njitlft bu beiner ÜJtutter nidjt fagen, njaö bir fet)It?" „%&}, liebe 93tutter," antn^ortete ^^Mrc^en, „id) {)Ciiit gemife nic^t fo lange gefdimiegen, rt)enn ic^ nid^t mü^te, bafe mein Äummer auc^ ber beinige ift." „Sprieß immer, mein Äinb," fagte bie Königin, „ber @ram ift ju fc^mer für ben ein^el^ 20 neu, aber jmei tragen i^n leicht." „^, ma^3 aib3 beinem 5ieicf)e fommt, 5 mit fc^arfen ^liefen mufteni imb prüfen. 3Benn nun einer fommt, ber nic^t wad) i^rem (ginne ift, fo fc^Iagen fie i^n ober t)erleumben i[)n boc^ fo fe^r bei ben 91?enfcf)en, bafe niemanb etroaö mit i()m ju tun \:)abcn n^ilt, unb er fein günfcf)en iHebe ober 3titrauen me^r finbet. 51c^! '^k gut ^aben e^3 meine iörüber, bie Jräumc; 10 fri)blic^ unb (eic^t f)üpfen fie auf bie Grbc I)inab, fragen nic^t^S nac^ jenen fingen i)Jienfc^en, befuc^en bie i)3tenf(^en in it)rem Schlummer unb meben unb malen i^nen, maö ba^ ^crj begliicft unb ba^ 5üige erfreut! ^2[d)\ 5^enn bu müßteft, loie fc^Iec^t fie mid) be^an= belt ^aben; fie f ehalten mic^ eine aitc Jungfer unb brot)ten, mic^ 15 ba^ näc^fte 5DM gar nlc^t mel)r ^erein^utaffen." „iJSic, meine 3:oc^ter nic^t mef)r einlaffenV" rief bie .riönigin, unb ber 3^^^ crt)öf)te bie iKöte i^rer $s}angen. „3Iber ic^ fet)e fc^on, n-)o()er bie^ fommt; bie böfe DJhi^me l)at hid) öcrieumbet!" „Xk )Dloht'? ^\d)t möglich!" rief 9}2ärd)en. „2ie mar ja fonft immer fo 20 freunb(id)." „£f)\ 34 ^^^^^ fi^/ ^^^ Solfc^e/' antwortete bie Königin, „aber Derfuc^e e^ i\)v ^um ^^rolje tüicbcr, meine Joc^ter; 1 56. ^aU or lücnn? ^2^. 24 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION irer G)utcö tun \mi[, barf nicf)t raften." ,/2lber, 93hittcr, fie I)Qt mic^ üerleumbet, fo ba\^ bic ii'ciite mic^ gar nic^t me^r anfel)eu unb mic^ üerac^tet ftc()en laffen." „3Scnn bie 3IItcn, öon ber ?Jtobe 25 betört, bic^ üerarf)tcn, fo mcnbe hid) an bie steinen; n)at)rüc^, fie finb meine IHeblingc, i()ncn fcnbe ic^ meine lieblic^ften iöilber burc^ beine trüber, bic Xräumc; \a, ic^ bin fcf)on oft fetbft ^^u if)nen l^inabgefc^toebt, l^abe fie gef^er^t unb gefiifet imb fc^öne Spiele mit tf)nen gefpielt!" „Of), bie guten Äinber!" rief 93?ärd^en beioegt au«. 30 „3a, eö fei! Wit i^nen miK ic^ e« noc^ einmal Derfuc^en." „^a, gute Xocf)ter," fprac^ bie Königin, „gefalle bcn .ftinbern, unb bie ©rofeen lüerben bid^ bann aud^ nicf^t gurürfftofeen." 34. fragen 1. SBo tüol^nt bie Königin ^l)antafie? 2. ^efc^reiben ®ie bie Königin! 3. 2ßie l)ei6t i^re älteftc Xo^ter? 4. SSarum fommt 9}tärcl)en eineö ^^ageö mit öermeinten Singen öon ber (Erbe jurücf? 5. 3Baö ^at fie fonft immer auf ber (Srbe getan? 6. 2ßie Reiften bie 53rüber ber '$rin3effin, imb njaö tun fie unter ben 9}cenfc^cn? 7. 3Barum molten bie SDIenfc^cn md)U me^r mit ber ^15rin3effin ju tun l)abcn? 8. ^n n)en menbet fie fid^ bann? 35. Princess Fairy-Tale (concluded) The force of the reflexive pronoun with transitive verbs. The inflec- tion of nouns following nouns of measures, etc. The accusative and genitive of time. The uses of the inverted order. The queen pondered a while and then said: ''I cannot behevc that the peoplö below are so changed."^ "Oh, mother, they have no spark of confidence- or love for any- body that comes from^ your kingdom. They beat him, * have changed themselves so. - 13. ^ Qug ELEMENTARY 25 5 drive him out, or IcU stories about him, so that the people despise him. Ah, how much better my brothers, the dreams, fare.' They skip hghtfooted to- earth and visit the people when' the watchmen are asleep, and weave and paint for the^ people in their sleep all sorts of pretty things to"^ rejoice 10 the heart. You do not know, mother, how they treated your daughter. They scolded me and said they would have nothing more to do with such" an old maid, and would not let me in the next time."^ ''What, not let my child in again?" said the queen, and anger flushed her face. "But 15 who has been telling stories about you that they treat* you so badly? It must have been Aunt Fashion." "Fashion, who has always been so kind to me? Impossible!" "I know her better than^ you, my child," answered the queen. "But we must try it again in spite of her. If we want to do 20 good we dare not rest." "But, mother, if Aunt Fashion is telling stories about me, so that the people will not even look at me?" "If the old [ones] despise you,'^ turn to the httle [ones]. I and your brothers have often visited them and have kissed and caressed them and given them the prettiest 25 pictures. Go and please them, and then the grown people, too, will not reject you." "Yes, the dear children!" cried Fairy-Tale with new hope. "I will go to them!" 36. Xie ^unQ^van auf bcm Surlctj 33or öielen Qal^ren liefe fic^ manc^maf auf bem ^iir(el) urn bie 5{benbbämmenmg eine oiingfrau fe^cn, bie mit fo anmutiger (Stimme fang, ha\^ aik, bie am I'urtet) üorüberfc^ifften unb ben begaubemben ®efang gotten, i^r lieben in ben SBeflen öerloren. 5 3uit»eiten fticg fie auc^ tiom ^^-elfen ^erab unb gefeilte fid) ^u einigen jungen jif^^^i^n, benen fie bann bie Stellen jeigte, mo fie einen ' Co ^abcn. ^ ^^5 5 {^ order to . . . ^ 24. 9 42a. ^ to the. ^/or the, dsitive. 646. 856. >o Insert 5a 26 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION reichen gang machen fonnten. Xk gifcf)er cr^üfilten anbeten üon bor 3(f)ön()eit ber Jungfrau, unb if)r 9iuf üerbreitete fic^ im ganjen Sanbe innrer. 3)e^ Äönig^ (Sof)n f)örte auc^ üon i^r unb n)o((te lo fic fe()en./ (5r ruberte in einem 53oot ben 9i^ein ()inunter. 2)ie (Sonne Wax fc^on längft imtergegangen, unb (Sterne bebecften ben Fimmel, atö er in bie 9Bf)e beö gelfenö fam. T)ie 3ungfrau fafe am Slb^ange beö gclfen^. 3ti ber ^anb i)idt fie einen Aran;,, ben fie fetbft gebunben fiatte. 5^un öerna^m er auc^ i()ren Öefang unb 15 er füf)Ite fid) mächtig nac^ i^r ^ingejogen. (Sein 33oot mar nur nod) einige Srf)ritte üom Ufer entfernt. (Er macf)te einen (Sprung, ^er (Spnmg mar aber gu furj genommen, unb er üerfanf in ben (Strom/ 3)ie 9la(^ric^t üon ber traurigen Gegebenheit fam ju ben O^rcn beö Äönigö. (Sd^merg unb ilöut erfüllte feine Seele. 20 (5r befal)l einem Hauptmann, il)m bie Jungfrau tot ober lebcnbig ju bringen. 3)er Hauptmann jebod) befürchtete, bafe bie $e^*e fid) auö Ä'erfer imb S3anben befreien möchte. Um bieö gu t)erl)inbern, bat fic§ ber Hauptmann auö, bie ipeje ofjue meitereö in ben 9il)ein ftür^en gu bürfen. 37. fragen 1. SSo ift ber Zuriet)? Saö ift er? 2. 2ßaö ergä{)lt bie (Sage üon bem gelfen? 3. 53efc^ reiben (Sie bie Jungfrau! 4. 2öer Ijörte üon ber Jungfrau? 5. 2öie sollte ber ^ring ben gclfen erreid^cn? 6. Sßann fam er am gelfen an? 7. 2Ö0 fa^ er bie Jungfrau? 8. 3Barum erreid}tc er ba^ ^anb nic^t? 9. 3Beld)cn !iöcfcl)l gab ber ,^{önig bem Hauptmann? 10. 3Baö bittet fid) biefcr aut^? 11. SBarum moKtc er. fie foglcid) töten? 12. Ä'enncn (Sic ba^ ?icb „'Die ii^orelci"? 13. 2Ber I)at eö gefd)rieben? 14. können (Sic baö lUeb fingen? 15. iföann lebte .f)einc? ELEMENTARY 27 38. The Maiden of the Lurley The inflection of mand). The use of the present participle. The use of the passive. The omission of the article with enumerations of objects. The uses of f)in and ()cr. The translation of may and might in dependent clauses. The uses of [oUen. Many years ago a beautiful maiden lived on the top of the Lurley. Her song had an enchanting' power over all that listened. Many- a fisherman who passed by on the river lost his ship on the rocks and his life in the waves. None had 5 ever seen her close by, except a few young fishermen. To these she came at times and showed them where to cast^ their nets. And whenever they followed her advice they made^ a good catch. The fame of this maiden had spread throughout the land, and when the ruler's son heard of her, he deter- 10 mined to see her. He took a boat, manned it, and rowed down the Rhine toward^ the Lurley. The sun had^ just set, and the first stars had^ appeared in the sky, when^ he spied the maiden in the distance. She sat on the side* of the mountain, winding® a wreath for her golden hair. Now 15 the prince could also hear^^ her enchanting song. He listened, and an irresistible longing for the maiden entered his heart. He bade his servants (to) steer toward^^ the shore, and when still several steps away he leaped, but missed the land^- and sank below^^ the waves. He did not reappear, and every 20 effort to find his body was in vain. When the sad news reached the prince's father, sorrow and rage filled his soul. He gave at once [the] command to capture the maiden, dead or alive. The captain who w^as" cormnanded to do this ^38a. « What auxiliary ? " Vosxiion oi toward ■ Ua. Msa. *- sprang too short. ' 36 ; what mode ? * am ^tbliang. ^' öerfanf in. *54b. ^ See 38 and 39. " 27b. ^ toward, y\x, stands last. 10 Position of liear ? 28 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION asked permission to cast the maiden into the Rhine, that she 25 might not gain^ time to free herself by- her evil arts. 39. ^ic ^Jungfrau auf bcm 2ur(ctj (2(^Iu&) Sr fetbft na^m brei feiner furd)tlo|'eften 3oIbatcn unb ftieg ben Zuriet) f)inan. 2)ie 3ungfran fafe auf ber ©pit^e unb ^iclt eine (Schnur Don iöernftein in ber §anb. (Sie faf) bie 9)?änner üon fern fommen unb fragte, n)aö fie fuc^ten. „T^ic^, ^^luberin/' 5 antmortete ber ^»auptmann, „bu foKft einen Sprung in ben 9?^ein ba^inunter machen!" „Qi," fagte bie 3ungfrau, „ber 9i^ein fo(t mic^ ^olen." Unb bann ntarf fie bie ^ernfteinfc^nur in ben g(u6 ^inab unb fang: „33ater, gefc^tüinb, gefc^lüinb, 10 ®ie meinen 9iof[e fc^icf' beinem ^inb. go Vo'iii reiten mit SBogen unb SBinb/; ^lö^id^ raufc^te ein «Sturm ba^er. T)k 3Sogen ^oben unb fenften fic^ unb bebecften mit tüeij^em @ifcf)t Ufer unb §ö^en. 3)ann — gn)ei mäd)tige 3Sogen, bie 9Joffen ö^ntic^ feigen, erhoben 15 fid^ auö ber 3:iefe unb flogen mit i8Ut|cöfcf)nclle auf bie Äuppe be^ gelfen, ergriffen bie Jungfrau imb üerfc^manben mit i^r in bem (Strom. Gel^t erft erfannten bie 9Jtänner, i)ai bie 3ungfrau eine Unbine fei, unb ba\^ fie it)r nid)t^ an()abcn fijnnten. Sie fcf)rten gum Äönig gurüd unb fanben bort ben totgeglaubten So^n, ben 20 eine 2ßetle anö Ufer getragen ^atte. T^ie !^ur(et)iungfrau liefe fid) üon ber 3cit an nid)t toicbcr fc()en, obgleid) fie nod) hm iöcrg bett)o{)nt unb bie Dieben ber 33orbeifd)iffenbcn nad;äfft.^ 40. Jraflcn 1. 5QHt \mt üielen (Solbaten fteigt ber .spauptmann auf ben gelfen t)inaufV 2. 2Bo finben fie bie Onngf^au? 3. $ßaö lyäit fie in ber §anb? ' Kcndcr hy llic suhjuiu live of gain. ' burrf). • ELEMENTARY 29 4. ©clc^c Rrac^c ftcltt fie an bic ^DMnncrV 5. iBaö antmortct bcr .'pauptmannV 6. 5öa^ luirft bic 3unilfrflu in ben Jvluft? 7. '-IiUiv< c|c[(.1}ic()t {happens) baraufV 8. 353en fanbcn bic lUcäuucr, aU fie nad) v'paiifc famcu? 9. .ft aim man nod) ben Wcfang bcr Gmu^frau ()örcn? 10. '-llHiv^ tnt [ie ict3t in hen i^ergen? 41. The Maiden of the Lurley (concluded) With this^ the ruler was satisfied. The rock was- sur- rounded. The captain with three of his best soldiers ascended it. They found the maiden sitting'' on the top of the rock, [holding] in her^ hand a wreath of amber. When'^ 5 she saw the men coming® she asked: "Whom are you seek- ing?" "I am seeking you, witch," answered the captain. "Many a man you have lured to death^ in the river. Now you shall^ leap from this rock and also find your death in the waves below. "Ah," exclaimed the maiden laughing,^ 10 "let the Rhine come and get me." With these words she threw ^^ the amber wreath into the stream and sang in awful tones : "Father, I must flee, I must flee, The milk-white steeds send quickly to me. 15 I will ride with the waves and the wind." A Storm rose suddenly, and the waters of the Rhine dashed in white foam over shore and hills. ^* Two waves which had^^ the form of two white steeds rose from*^ the depths to the pinnacle of the rock and carried the maiden down into 20 the stream, where she disappeared. The captain and his ^16. 5^1 9 Why participle? see 38. 227a. *39a. '° 54b. 339a. 7 ju^ Xobt . . . gelodt. " Why no article? * 15. 826a. '2 56. ^^frorn^out of is QUO. 30 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION soldiers now knew that she was a mermaid, and that human power could not harm her. They returned home, and there they found the young prince, whom they had believed dead. A wave had carried him to the shore. The song of the 25 maiden has never been heard since, ^ although they say that she still lives in the mountains, where she mocks the voices of the people. 42. Balder's Death The unreal subjunctive after as if. Word order when irenn is omitted, man with the active voice for the passive. The omission of the infinitive with modal auxiHar)\ Infinitive as object or complement of verbs. The use of the auxiliary muffen. Balder, Wodan's favorite son, the god of light and spring, - once had heavy dreams, as if^ danger were threatening^ his life. Filled with anxiety^ the gods assembled and took counsel how they might'' protect the life of their beloved 5 Balder. At last it was decided^ to bind by^ an oath all living beings, (the) fire,^ the trees, animals, and men, so that they could not harm Balder. His mother Frigga undertook the work. Thereupon great joy reigned in the halls of the gods, because none could now 10 harm their favorite. They threw at^'^ Balder with blunt and pointed weapons, and rejoiced when" they saw that he was invulnerable. One day an old woman came to Frigga and inquired after^'^ the cause of the joy in Asgard. When Frigga had given her the information the woman said:'- 15 "It was no doubt^^ very laborious to get the vow from every little plant?" 1 Position of since? « formten. '" nad). 2 the light and spring- god, see le. '27. "43a. 255b. *• burc^. " 54b. ^31. »9. '3 n)of)( ' 35oacr eorgc. ELEMENTARY 3' "To be sure,'" answered the goddess, *'as^ I liad^ to go to every being. All beings promised not to harm Balder. Only one little plant I passed by. It is the mistletoe, which 2c grows on an oak before Walhalla's gates. She is too weak to harm Balder." Thereupon the old woman departed and soon arrived by^ a lonesome path at the oak. She dropped^ her garment and there stood Loki. Quickly he cut** off a twng of the mistletoe 25 and hurried back to the assemblage of the gods, who were still sporting^ with Balder. 43. Balder's Death (continued) The present tense for the future. The uses of auö, nad^, in. The perfect participle as appositional predicate. The omission of um in purpose clauses. Here he stepped [up] to^ the blind Hoeder, the brother of Balder, who w^as not taking part in^ the sport, and asked him: ''Why do you not shoot?" "I have no weapons," answered Hoeder, "and am bhnd, so that I can^^ not see where Balder 5 stands." "Here is a javehn," said the evil Loki, handing^^ him the pointed mistletoe. "Now throw with all your might !^^ ; I will direct your hand." Hoeder did so, and — Balder, ' pierced by the^^ javelin, lay dead on the^* ground. All sus- 10 pected Loki, but he had^^ disappeared. Unspeakable sorrow seized the gods. Their beloved Balder must now go^*^ to the i realm of the dead,*^ called Nifiheim. They tried to induce 1 Siacrbingö. 7 i^r Spiel trieben. 13 öom. 241a. Uu. i-» am. 326c. s am. 15 What auxiHary ? *aul J°56. ic Omit go, see 32. 5 Ucfe fatteti. 11390 " inö Jotcnreic^. °54b. 12 nur fräftig. 32 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION Hela, the goddess of Niflheim, to^ send Balder back to them. Hela at last promised to release Balder on- one condition, 15 that all beings should weep for^ him; but if one eye remained tearless, then he must stay in her realm. All beings wept, except Loki. In the form of the giantess Thoek (darkness) he sat in a cave and remained pitiless. And so Balder had-* to stay in Hela's dominion; his faithful wife Nanna had 20 followed him there voluntarily. Loki, however, for fear of"' the gods, fled from Asgard, the home of the gods, and on a steep hill beside a river built himself a house with four doors. There he sat in fear of his pursuers, continually looking in® all directions, so as^ not to 25 be surprised.^ 44. Balder's Death {concluded) The dative of interest. The use of o\^ and menn in dependent clauses. The dependent subjunctive. The inflection of ein when used as substantive. The passive voice. From time to time he changed himself into^ a salmon and swam under the waterfall, where he believed himself safe. In his solitude he made with skilful hand a net. Scarcely had he completed it, when he saw the gods coming.'*^ Hur- 5 riedly he threw the net into the lire and hid himself, in the form of a salmon, under the waterfall. When they found the remains of the net in the ashes, they suspected that their enemy had hidden^^ himself in the water. After they had completed a new net the fishing was^- begun. At last Thor seizing'"* the salmon by its tail, and now Loki * that she send, see 35- 8 Passive infinitive. 2 unter. «in. 3 um. '" See participles, 39a. 426c. " 29b. ß au« ^urc^t öor. 12 Why passive? tc^/;/, unternehmen «nac^. >3 // succeeded Thar. 7 so as=in order. 1^ to seize. I ELEMENTARY 33 stood before them. He was bound and dragged into a cave. Three sharp-edged rocks, of which one' was placed under his shoulders, the second under his loins, and the third under his knees, were henceforth his resting j)lace. Over the head 15 of the fettered Loki was fastened a viper, whose venom dripped on his- face. But Sygun, his faithful wife, stands at his side and holds a basin under the poisonous drops. And when^ the vessel is full, she goes and empties it; but meanwhile the poison drips on his face, and against it^ he 20 struggles so violently that the earth shakes; and this they call an earthquake. 45. The Legend of St. Christopher The use of the definite article with proper nouns. The uses of the passive. The force of nac^, ju. The verbs that govern the dative. The inflection of jolcf). The uses of the conjunctions ai^ and menn. The position of adverbial phrases. The position of nic^t. The position of pronoun objects in the sentence, fo as a resuming adverb. Christopher was a heathen. Before he was^ baptized his name was Opherus. When a youth^ he thought to himself:^ *'I will go and seek the greatest master; him I will serve." He started and after much searching came to^ a great king 5 who ruled over much'' land and a great people. Him'*' he promised to serve faithfully. The ruler was glad to have such*' a fine strong man as servant. When'- Opherus had been with the king for some time, a minstrel came'^ to'^ the court and made glad the hearts of all by his merry songs; 10 but when he began a satirical song about '^ the devil, the king » Why inflected? 6 211« Jüngling. "46. 2 Dative of interest, see 23. 7 gu [ic^. '2 43a. M3b. «äu. 13 54b. * bagcc^cn. MS. » an. 527a and b. »0 Dative; why? 15 über 34 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION made the sign of the cross/ for he was a Christian. Opherus, who knew^ nothing of the sign's power and meaning, was therefore astonished, and said: "Master, what mean those two strokes?" But the king did not want to reveaP the 15 secret of the cross to the heathen, and kept silent. Then Opherus spoke again: ''Master, if you do not tell me^ I will no longer serve you." "Then I must tell you the truth," said the king. "See, if any one mentions the devil's name in my presence,^ I bless myself with that sign that he may 20 not gain power over me." Then Opherus began: "Do you fear him, and is his strength so great that he can harm^ you ? I have served^ you faithfully and thought that you were the greatest ruler on earth, but I know now that there is one® greater than you. Him I shall serve." 46. The Legend of St. Christopher {continued) The force of the preposition Don. The infinitive witliout 3U after f)ören, fc^cn, etc. The optative subjunctive. The conditional mode. The demonstrative pronoun hzx for the third person of the personal pronoun. The force of an, gu, denoting motion toward a place. The omission of 'tid^ in the dependent sentence. The subjunctive in indirect questions. The subjunctive in indirect discourse. Opherus started to seek the enemy, but nobody could direct him. When^ journeying* one day through a great wilderness he suddenly saw^ a mighty column of riders '^^ approaching, led by^^ a black, haughty man. "Whom do 5 you seek?" asked the leader on horseback. Opherus answered: "I am seeking the devil, for^- I should like to 1 made . . . cross, bcfrcugte [ic^. M3a. ^^56. 839c. «33. »34. M7. '° 13. ß What case after [d)abcu, biciien? " öon. " einer; why inllet ted ? »^ 55a. ELEMENTARY 35 be' his scn'ant." And when the rider answered: "1 am he! "2 Opherus solemnly promised him his service. Then the enemy took his new servant with him.^ One day they came lo to a place where two roads met. There stood a cross high above the ground. When the enemy saw this cross he dashed to one side/ calling"' [out] to Opherus that he would not ride that way" [any] farther. At this^ Opherus was very much astonished and said: "Master, tell me why you avoid 15 this road?" The enemy did not want to do this. But when Opherus threatened to leave' his service, he said: "There stands the sign of the cross, on which Christ was crucified. I fear it much^ and must always flee [from] it." Thereupon said Opherus: "If you must shun the sign of the 20 cross, then he who hung on it'*' must be mightier than you. I will go and seek him." Opherus inquired everywhere where the Lord Jesus might be'' found. At last he came to a her- mit. The latter told him what'- a mighty king the master was'^ and how great reward he gave'^ his servants. Opherus 25 then promised to serve this king in diligence'* and obedience. 47. The Legend of St. Christopher {concluded) The word order in conditional sentences when menu is omitted. The uses of ^in, f)cr. The substitution for the possessive pronoun. The unreal subjunctive. The uses of alö with positives and comparatives. The hermit was glad to hear this and said: " Opherus, there flows a river over which is neither path'^ nor bridge. If® ^ ic^ märe gerne. » [e^r. 2 Der bin icf). 10 16. 3 Reflexive or personal ? " 27. * jur Seite. 12 n)clc^; why not inflected? 6 inbem cr . . ., see 39c. 13 Why subjunctive? • be« 3Segeg. » 3. ' Darüber, see 16. " 3 and 9. 8 58b. 16 55b. 36 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION you will carry the people across' it for the sake of God, then you will please the master with such service." 5 ''All right, I will do it," said Opherus. He then built himself a hut by the water. Many people came, whom he carried across the river, and he was on duty- day and night. One night, as Opherus was very tired, for he had carried across many people, he lay down and fell asleep. Soon the to voice of a child called him: "Opherus, come and carry me across!" He arose, looked around, but found no one. He lay down again and fell asleep. Again^ the voice called: "Opherus!" The second time he ran out, but as he found nobody he lay down again to sleep. ^ And the third time the 15 voice called: "Opherus!" This time he found a httle child standing by the river. It was a boy. He lifted him on his^ arm, took his staff in his hand, and waded into the river. But suddenly the water began to rise, and the child seemed to be getting^ heavier. The water rose higher and higher, 20 and the child became heavier and heavier, so that Opherus thought he would drown,^ and he said: "Oh, child, how heavy you are! It seems to me as if^ I were carrying^ the whole world on my shoulders." "In truth," said the child, "you are carrying more than the world, you are carrying 25 him who created it." And the child pressed Opherus under the water and spake : "I baptize you in the name of my father. Heretofore you have been called Opherus, henceforth you shall be called Christopherus. And you shalP" plant your staff in the 30 dry ground. By it*^ you shall recognize my power, for to-morrow the staff will bloom and bear fruit." 1 fjinüber, see 16 and 50. « seemed to become. '" 26a, 2 irnrtcte fcineS ©ienfteö. ^ Opherus thought to drown. 3 ^f^orfimalö. 6 15. 8 Omit //; what order? see 55b. * lay . . .to sleep, legte [id^ [c^Iofcn. " What mode ? " T^aron. ELEMENTARY 37 With this' the master disappeared; Christopherus however was glad, thanked his master, and planted the staff in the dry ground. Over night it became (to) a- tree, blossomed, 35 and soon bore fruit. Then Christopherus kneeled down and prayed, took the cross of the master (upon himself), and followed him. 48. Thor The compound nouns. The use of the hyphen. The comparison of adjectives. The substitution for demonstrative and relative pro- nouns when referring to things. The indirect discourse. The present participle. Thor is in^ Norse mythology a god of spring who sub- dues the frost giants.^ He is the strongest of all gods and men. On his head he wears a crown of stars; under his feet rests the earth, which 5 shows the footprints of his mighty steps. He is terrible when angry, and his burning^ eyes sparkle fearfully; but his great strength is coupled with inoffensive good nature. He possesses three very precious articles. The first is 10 a large hammer, the handiw^ork of dwarfs. It never misses its aim, and it returns always to® the hand of Thor. Both the frost and mountain giants know it wtII and fear it. It has split many a skull of their fathers and kindred. The second valuable thing is his belt. When he girds it about 15 him, his divine strength is redoubled. The third precious article is a pair of iron gloves, which he is obliged to wear when he lays hold [of the handle] of ^ the hammer. Thor's chariot is drawn^ by^ two goats. These symbolize the zigzag leap of the lightning; the flying hammer symbol- 1 16. * id. 7 crgrdft. 2 jum. 5 feurig. « 27a. 3 Add def. art. * ill. " Don. 38 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 20 izes the lightning itself, and the rolling chariot, the thunder. His realm is named Hrendwang, field of^ strength, and his castle Bilsk, the unshakable. His relations to the people are most intimate. He is the most human, affable, and popular of all the gods, a friend 25 of the peasant, protector of the household, and benefactor of the common people. With his hammer he consecrates the new-born child, the marriage, and the funeral pile. 49. Thor and the Giant Thrym One night" while Thor was peacefully sleeping he dreamed that his hammer was^ stolen. It seemed to him that a giant had^ taken it. The dream proved true. The hammer was gone."* With a cry that shook the foundations of Asgard he 5 sprang up. "The giants have stolen it," he shouted. Loki offers to go to the enemy if Freya [will] lend^ him her falcon garment.^ To this^ the beautiful goddess readily consents. When he arrives at Jotunheim he calls for Thrym, the giants' king, Thrym asks him what he desires. Loki tells him 10 what has^ happened, and asks him if he knows^ where the hammer is.^ Thrym admits that he has^^ taken it. "Miol- ner," he says, "is buried eight fathoms deep in the earth, and will not return into Thor's hands until you bring me Freya to^^ wife." 15 His announcement causes great indignation in Asgard. Freya, of course, rejects the proposal. The gods assemble for^^ deliberation. Some one j)roposes that Thor himself shall be dressed up as a bride and depart for Thrym's hall. ' of the strength. ^ Why subjunctive? " What mode? 2 20. '• i^ebergcmanb, n. '" 29a. 3 29. 7 16. " jur. ' fort. 8 ift. ELEMENTARY 39 20 Thor rages against such a degrading suggestion, but Loki offers to accompany him as attendant. When they approach Jotunhcim they behold' Thrym, awaiting" the return of his cattle with the golden horns. The giant is glad that the goddess has consented to 25 become his wife, and soon they sit down to the wedding feast. Then the eyes of the bridegroom open^ wide, for the gentle lady beside him eats a whole ox and eight salmon (s), and drinks two tubs of mead.* The king wonders at this"' greatly, but Loki explains to the 30 astonished bridegroom that the lady has" fasted for eight days^ on account of her love and longing for him. A moment later the eager lover attempts to lift the veil and snatch a kiss. \Vhen he sees the glowing eyes of Thor he leaps back the length^ of the room. Again Loki explains 35 that the bride's eyes are so red from waking and weeping'' for him. Then Thrym gives orders ^"^ to bring the hammer, and places it on the lap of his bride. Scarcely is this done when the supposed bride rises, and swinging^ ^ the hammer 40 Thor crushes the skull of Thrym. All the giants, one after the other, fall, and once more Asgard is saved. 50. The Legend of Gudrun The use of an. The definite article with abstract nouns. The article with names of countries. The omission of the article with prepo- sitional phrases. In the land of the Hegelingen by^^ the German Sea ruled many years ago'^ the mighty king Hettel. He had two chil- 1 34. 5 barüber, see 16. ^ öom SBac^cn unb ^Beinen. 2 39a. 6 29b. 10 Singular. 3 28. 7 a^f Jage (at^g. " 38c and note. * 13. « 24. »= an. »3 Dor öicicn 3a()rcn. 40 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION dren, a daughter Gudrun and a boy Ortwin. Gudrun grew into^ a charming maiden whom everybody Hked. The rep- 5 utation of her great beauty and excellent qualities spread through all lands. Many knightly suitors wooed her, but her parents rejected all. Among the unsuccessful wooers were three kings: Siegfried of Moorland, Hartmut of^ Nor- mandy, and Herwig of Seeland. The latter determined to lo gain the maiden by^ force, and with 3000 warriors he attacked Hettel's castle. A great battle ensued. Gudrun watched the fight from the window. As she saw the valor of the hero Herwig, love entered her heart. "* She prevailed upon her father to stop the fight and to invite Herwig into the 15 castle. King Hettel consented, as^ he also admired the great bravery of the king. Herwig now won Gudrun's heart fully, and the parents gave their consent to the be- trothal, which was celebrated on the following day. 51. The Legend of Gudrun (contintted) However, the happiness of the betrothed [ones] was of short duration. The rejected king Siegfried had invaded Herwig's country and devastated it. Herwig was obliged^ to hurry home in order to protect his country. Hettel and his war- 5 riors also went to his aid.^ While the land of the Hege- lingen was thus without defenders, the cunning king Ludwig of^ Normandy with a strong army arrived before Hettel's castle and demanded the beautiful Gudrun for his son Hartmut. As Gudrun refused to go of her own free will, 10 he carried her and* 62 of her maidens away as prisoners. Queen Hilde at once sent messengers with this sad news to » ertüuc^ö ju. " jog bie ?iebc in il^r vS>tj. ^ of, Don bcr. 6 41a. 7 jogcu iljm 311 ."pilfc, see 33. 2 mit. mu^tc. » [amt. ELEMENTARY 4 1 Hettel and Herwig. The latter concluded peace and friend- ship with Siegfried; then united they set out in pursuit of the robbers and overtook them on the Wulpensand, an island IS at the mouth-of-the-Scheldt.* Here a frightful battle was- fought, which lasted till^ night. The water was red with* the blood of the slain. Among the dead was king Hettel, who fell by"' the hand of (the) king Ludwig. The Hege- lingen fought bravely, but could not free Gudrun and her 20 maidens. Under cover of nighf^ the Normans boarded their ships and escaped with their prisoners. The Hegelingcn could not pursue them, for most^ of their men had* fallen in the fight. They were obliged to postpone the revenge till a new generation had* grown up. 52. The Legend of Gudrun (co>itiuued) The use of a(3. The position of aud). The dependent subjunctive. The uses of the passive voice. The imperative mood. The use of [0 as resuming particle. The use of muffen. The unreal subjunctive. Gudrun sat grieving^ on the deck of Ludwig's ship, when king Ludwig approached. He greeted her most^^ kindly, and promised her high honors and treasures, if she con- sented'^ to become the wife of his son Hartmut. But she 5 rejected the offer proudly. "I will die rather^- than take Sir Hartmut for my^^ husband," she answered him. Then king Ludwig waxed wroth, seized Gudrun by'^ her long golden hair, and hurled her into the sea. When young^'^ Hartmut saw this, he leaped from the vessel, ^^ and pulled 10 the ill-treated maid out of the waves. He reproached his • 2c^clbcmünbimg,/. ^ 3m Xunfd bcr ^ad)t. ^- rather die. 2 Passive. 7 Add def. art. '3 ^um. 3 bid in bie. s what auxiliary ? " bei. * Oon. 8 38c. 15 Why article ? see 4a. 5 burc^. 10 [c^r. 16 Supply ^crab. " What mode ? 42 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION father bitterly/ because he had treated Gudrun so cruelly, — for still he hoped to win her. When they landed they were received by^ Hartmut's mother, Gerhnd, and his sister Ortrun. Ortrun felt a sincere pity and friendship for^ 15 the beautiful stranger, and kissed her heartily on both cheeks. But when queen Gerlind also tried to kiss Gu- drun, she repulsed her, for she knew that Gerlind was^ the cause of her misfortune. 53. The Legend of Gudnin (continued) Gudrun also said that she would never take Sir Hartmut for her^ husband. Hartmut heard these words and be- came very sad. Gerlind however encouraged him and said : ''Foolish children must be taught;^ I will^ subdue her, if 5 you will leave her training to me." ''I will most gladly do so, dear mother," rephed Hartmut, "but, I pray you, be good and kind to^ the homeless maid. Consider that I have caused her much suffering." While Hartmut was at home, Gudrun was treated with con- 10 sideration. But when he went^ on a new expedition of war, Gerlind began to treat Gudrun most cruelly. "If you do not want joy^^ you shall have sorrow," she said to Gudrun. "[A] servant you shall be from this day."^^ Gudrun's maidens were taken from her; she herself had^- to look after the fires, 15 sweep the rooms, and wipe the dust from the furniture with her hair. Her bed was a hard bench and her food water and dry bread. She suffered much and shed many^^ a bitter 1 He made his father bitter reproaches. 8 gCflCll. 2 bon. » au^3og. 'in. '"47. * 29a. » Add an, "sum. 1226c. Passive infinitive. ^ 25. '•^ 44. ELEMENTARY 43 tear, but her faithfulness to Herwig never wavered. After three years Hartmut returned and offered the maiden his 20 hand and (his) throne; but neither prayers nor threats could induce her to break her promise to Herwig. ''You know," she replied [to] Hartmut, "that I am betrothed [to] a noble king, and to him I shall be faithful unto' death." 54. The Legend of Gudrun {contimied) The quasi or unreal passive. The personal pronouns. The article with names of seasons, months, days. The use of gu. The indefi- nite pronoun manc^. The article with names of seasons. The particles ^in and f)er. [ic^ as reciprocal. Hartmut now left her to his mother's cruelty. Henceforth Gudrun was obliged to carry the linen to^ the shore and wash it there. Humbly and patiently Gudrun submitted. In the heat of summer^ and the cold of winter the orphaned 5 princess went barefoot to the beach and washed. But misery and disgrace could not shake her faithfulness to Herwig. Hildburg, a noble maid, who had been captured^ with her could not bear to see Gudrun's misery, and determined at 10 least to suffer with her, even if she could^ not help her. Gerhnd permitted her to help Gudrun in the work. Hence- forth they went together daily to the shore. In the evening they carried the washed garments to the castle, went to their miserable, httle room, and comforted each other in their 15 sorrow^, till they fell asleep. 1 big in ben. * 27b. ^ an. 6 Insert aud^, see 48. 8 Why article ? see X2, 44 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 55. The Legend of Gudrun {contintced) fommen with the perfect participle, eg as subject of i[t and [inb in expression of identity. Position of adverbial modifiers of time and place. The use of the particle auc^. Possessives as substantives. Thirteen years full of humiliation had^ passed. One day, as the maidens were washing by the shore, a swan came swimming.- It was a divine messenger. It brought news from their native land, and told them that Herwig 5 was approaching^ with many ships and warriors to free them. Then the bird disappeared. On account of this glad news they forgot the washing. Gerlind scolded them, and the next day they had^ to wade barefooted through the snow to the sea. They did not wash, but looked longingly 10 out^ on the sea. Suddenly they noticed two men in a boat. They wanted to flee, for they were ashamed of their scanty attire. But the men had® already leaped on^ land and greeted them most courteously and kindly. The men, who were Herwig and Ortwin, did not recognize the maidens 15 who^ stood before them, shivering in the cold Alarch wind. Turning to Gudrun, Ortwin asked about the princess whom the ruler of this country had carried off to this place years ago. Gudrun answered: "The one^ whom you seek I have seen in great misery." And having turned ^^ to^^ Herwig, 20 she continued: "Whoever you may be, you (so) surprisingly resemble one whom I knew. His name was Herwig and he was from Seeland." Then replied the noble knight: "Herwig is my name and this ring the noble Gudrun gave me." "Well I know this 1 What auxiliary ? 7 q^Ö. 240. 8 who sliivering . . . stood before them. 3 Why subjunctive? The one, 1)icicntflc or I^ic. •" 26c. >o having turned, inbcm fie [iii^ . . . luanbtc '' f)inQu«. •' Why trarcn? " an. ELEMENTARY 45 25 ring," spoke Gudrun. ''Years ago' it was mine, and lliis [one] here on my finger m\' beloved gave to me, when I poor orphan still lived in my father's house." Then Herwig clasped his faithful betrothed in his- arms, and past were sadness and sorrow. With the promise to re- 30 turn before the sun should risc^ again, and to free them, they departed. Gudrun threw the washing into the sea with the words: ''For this work I am too lofty, since two kings have kissed me and clasped me in their arms." When they returned without the linen Gerlind threatened 35 to scourge them with thorns. But Gudrun declared that she would become Hartmut's wife. Then Gerlind rejoiced. Gudrun and her maidens were* clothed finely and treated like gentlewomen. 56. The Legend of Gudrun {concluded) On the next morning Herwig and Ortwin with their heroes attacked the castle. In the fearful battle the wild king Ludwig w^as slain by^ Herwig. Gerlind saw this and gave orders to assassinate Gudrun. Hartmut prevented 5 this just-in-time. ^ When Herwig's men entered the castle great fear came over Gerlind. She fell at Gudrun's feet^ and begged her to spare her life. Gudrun, ever ready to forgive, hid Gerlind among her maidens. She was found by an enraged knight and at once beheaded. Hartmut 10 and Ortrun were spared, but taken prisoners. With much booty the Hegelingen returned home. The happy Gudrun wished that others also^ should share in her fortune. So Hartmut was set free and betrothed to® the faithful Hildburg; » SSor 3ö^ten. c nocf) red)tjeitig. 2 15. ^ ®ubrun ju ^^üßen. 3 Subjunctive or conditional. * 48. * Why passive ? « t»on. » mit. 46 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION her brother Ortwin chose the gentle Ortrun for^ [his] wife, 15 and Gudrun hved henceforth in happiness and peace, as queen by- the side of her beloved Herwig. 57. The Vagabond The substitution for the present participle. The accusative absolute with a perfect participle. A vagabond was passing the king's palace. He was barefoot and his hair blowing^ in the wind. He was young and handsome, with his golden curls, his great black eyes, and his red cheeks, fresh as a rose after the rain. There was 5 more joy and light on his rags than^ on the satin and velvet of the ladies and gentlemen in the palace. '' Oh, how pretty she is!"^ he exclaimed, suddenly stopping.^ He had dis- covered the princess Rosalind, who was standing at- the open window; and indeed she was beautiful. Motionless 10 he gazed at the maiden, till a guard drove him away with hard words. It seemed to him now that^ everything was dark around him,^ the horizon, the road, the blossoming trees. He sat down under an oak on^ the edge of the wood, and began to 15 weep. ''My child, why are you weeping?" asked an old woman who came out of^ the wood, her back bowed ^^ under a load of withered boughs. "What good will it do me^^ to telP- you? You can do nothing for me,'good woman." 20 ''There you are mistaken," said the old woman, and throwing^^ away her bundle [she] drew herself up. J gur. ß blieb ; . . [teilen. ^ quo. 2 an. 7 that, al§ ob. '^ nicbcrgcbcugt. 3 was blowing. ^ um i()ii l)er. " SBaö luirb cß mirnü^cn 4 42a. »2 Add Co. •''55d, 56c. ^^38,39. ELEMENTARY 47 58 The Vagabond {continued) The use of [onbcrn. The difTerent substitution for the present participle The use of the j)assivc. The translation of so that in final clauses. She was no longer an old forest woman, but' a beautiful fairy, clad in a silver robe, her hair garlanded with Howcrs of precious stones. The withered boughs which she had carried had covered themselves with green leaves, and had^ 5 returned to the tree from which they had^ fallen. "Fairy," said the vagabond, throwing^ himself on his^ knees, "have pity on^ my misfortune. Since seeing" the king's daughter my heart is no longer my own. I shalP die, if I do not become the princess's husband." "What hinders you? 10 Rosalind is not betrothed." "Oh, look at my rags, my bare feet!" "Never mind!^ He who*^ loves sincerely will be lovcd^'^ in return. This is an eternal law. The king and the queen will repulse you with contempt, the courtiers will deride you, but if your love is genuine you will gain Rosa- 15 lind's love. Make a wish,^^ and I will grant it." "I should like to be the most powerful prince on earth,^^ so that I can marry the princess." "Ah, why don't you stay without such care, and sing a love song under her window?" 59. The Vagabond {concluded) The position of the direct and the indirect object pronouns. The dative of interest, instead of a possessive pronoun. Spurious appo- sition with nouns of weight, measure, etc. "But, as^^ you have my promise, I shall grant your wish. But know,^"* when you no longer are what you are now, no ^ fonbem, see 51. '^agd. " Make a 'civV/;, SSünfc^c! • What auxiliary? ^ What tense? '- auf (5rbcn. 3 39. 8 Jut nic^td! or §at nic^td 3U [agcn! ^ bic. SBcr. :341a. 6 mit. »0 What voice? " Imperative. 48 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION fairy, not even I, can restore to you your former condition. You will^ then always have to remain- a prince." Then with 5 a golden wand she touched his shoulder, and the vagabond was a magnificent prince. He was well received at^ court. For a whole week^ there were festivities in his honor. ^ But he did not care for them. Every hour of the day and night he thought of Rosalind. He tried to win her love, but she lo avoided him. Nevertheless he asked her parents' consent, and of course received it. Thus the former vagabond was about® to possess the most beautiful princess in the world. But hardly had Rosalind been informed of the parental will, when she fell half dead into the arms of her maid of honor, 15 and when she came to, she said, sobbing^ and wringing^ her hands, that she did not want to marry the prince, but^ rather die. The prince was in despair, but no entreaties could change her will. 20 "Prince," she said, "nothing can overcome my resolve. I will never marry you." He said everything that a violent grief can teach^ a loving heart, but all in vain. "Unhappy prince, if my pity, instead of my love, can be a consolation to you, 25 I gladly grant it. I have also much reason to complain, for I myself am unhappy. I refuse to marry you, be- cause I love with [a] hopeless love a young vagabond, with bare feet and hair blowing in the wind, who passed my father's palace one day and looked at me, and has never 30 come back." 226C. '^ i^m gu Gf)rcn; » na^c baran. what dative ? 3 am. * A whole week long. Dative 8 Why [oubcru? caftcr ciut^cbcn. ELEMENTARY 49 60. Robinson Crusoe On the (k'ck Robinson saw' the sailors raise the anchors and set the sails. A favorable wind blew and the ship moved down- the river Elbe, so that the city of Hamburj^ was soon out of sight. On the'' following day they sailed 5 out into the open sea. Gradually tlie land disappeared from sight, and soon they could sec nothing but sky and water. For two successive days* they had [a] favorable wind. On the third day dark clouds began to spread"' across the sky. The wind became a" storm and stirred up the ocean. The 10 liglitning Hashed and the thunder rolled. The waves rose very high and tossed the ship, now high into the air and now back into the water. Xo one could stand upon the deck without holding^ on. Robinson, who was not accustomed to a storm, became very 15 sick. Suddenly there was a mighty crash. The lightning had shattered the mast. At the same time [there] came a voice from the hold, ''We are lost! The ship has sprung a leak!" All ran to^ the pumps to keep the ship afloat, but in vain. The water rose higher and higher. They threw 20 overboard cannon,^ bales, and barrels to lighten the ship, but it did not help. 61. Robinson Crusoe {continued) In the meanwhile another ship had heard the signals of distress, and had sent out a boat to save the people. The waves were rising higher and higher and threatened to swallow the boat, but by'" [the] help of a rope thrown' ' to a 5 sailor on the sinking ship they were able to come near [to it]. J 34. * S^d Jage ^intcreinanbcr. ^ 39a. 2 Position ? 5 58b. 8 mdt}. 3 3tm. « sum. ^ 9. 1° mit. " which they had thrown. 50 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION Scarcely had^ all leaped into the boat when the ship was swallowed by- the waves. The storm had now abated somewhat, and the boat, with the saved [ones], was^ taken in by the ship to which lo it belonged. After three days they arrived at the mouth of the river Thames, and soon they anchored in the harbor of London. The captain asked Robinson why he had"* left Hamburg and what he intended to do now. Robinson told him that he had made this journey without the knowl- 15 edge of his parents. The captain, who was a good, honest man, told him that he must^ go home and ask his parents' forgiveness, or things could not possibly go well with him.® He gave Robinson a few guineas for his journey. Robinson went to the harbor to find a ship which was 20 soon to set out for^ Hamburg. On his^ way to the harbor he thought: ''What will my parents say when I come home? They will surely punish me, and the people will make fun of me because I returned so soon." A man in the harbor told him that there was no ship bound for Hamburg.' 25 There was, however, an opportunity to make a journey to^'' Guinea. He went to see the captain. The latter said he would take him along free of charge, and that he could earn a-considerable-sum^^ by trading^^ with the Indians. 62. Robinson Crusoe {continued) "The negroes of Africa," said the captain, "find great pleasure in all sorts of trifles, — glass, corals, knives, scissors, » What auxiliary ? " baf^ ct^ i{)m yonft iiumöglid) U'ol)t ci^i\)t\\ 2 öon. füiiiie. ^ iiad). 3 Passive ? «15. ^30. 9 fein noc^ Hamburg bcftimmtcö ' 5lnfc{)nlid)c6. '■-' im 6j)anbd. ELEMENTARY 5I hatchets, ribbons, etc. For these they will give you gold, ivory, and other things." Thereupon the desire to go along 5 became so keen in Robinson that he forgot parents,' friends, and native land. He bought what the captain advised him, and went on board. After several days they raised the anchors, set the sails, and a favorable wind drove the ship down the o Thames. Without accident they sailed through the Channel, into the Atlantic Ocean, and soon reached Madeira, an island near Africa. Here they anchored. Madeira is a beautiful island. As far as eye can see- are mountains covered with 5 grape vines. How his mouth watered ^^ hen he saw these beautiful sweet grapes! The people in the vineyard gave him^ permission to eat as many of them as he cared to."* He also saw them make wine. They poured the grapes into a great wooden vessel and then trod them out w^ith o their feet. Robinson did not care to drink (of) it. For-^ a few^ days all was very interesting, but soon the restless Robinson began to feel bored and longed for a change.^ There arrived in the harbor a Portuguese ship which was 5 on its^ w^ay to Brazil. The captain, w^hose acquaintance Robinson made, told him of the precious stones and gold which are^ found in Brazil. There he could go and fill his pockets with them.^ Of course Robinson wanted to go, and as the captain offered to take him along free of charge, he could no longer resist. He told the English captain that he » 9. ' 2Iuf. * <©o lüeit man [e^en fann. « nac^ 33eränbcrung. ' Insert hit. ^ 15. * to eat . . . cared to, \o Did boDon * 27b- gu effen, a[€ er ?u[t ^ätte. « 16. 52 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION would leave him. The latter was glad to get rid of him; he gave him, however, some money and good advice. 63. Robinson Crusoe {continued) Again the anchors were raised, and with [a] favorable wind the ship passed out of the harbor and sailed along the island. They passed near^ the island of Teneriffe, where the 5 peak of its high mountain glowed in the beams of the setting sun. When it was dark, one could see silvery rays above the surface of the water. These were caused by- flying fish. For several days in succession^ they had beautiful weather. 10 Suddenly a violent storm broke forth from the northeast.'* For six days the waves, as-high-as-a-house,^ rocked the ship up and down and drove it off its course, so that they knew not where they were. On the seventh day they suddenly sighted land. Their dehght, however, changed to*^ the 15 greatest terror when they saw that it was a rocky coral island. At the same time all felt such^ a violent shock that they fell down. The ship was on a rock and had sprung a leak. At^ this awful moment some prayed and cried, some jumped overboard, others lowered a boat 20 quickly and all jumped into it.^ The boat was so full that it was hardly above the water. As^^ the storm drove them landward they thought it possible^ ^ to reach the dis- tant land. Suddenly a mountainous wave rocked the boat; it cap- as sized, and all were swallowed in the raging water. 1 tiQ^e an. ^ ^quSI^oc^. ^ [prangen \)um\\. 2 öon. <* in. '041a. 3 SD^efirerc Jage l^intcreinanbcr. Mo. " [ic l^icltcn cö für möglic^. * au8 g^iorboften. « 3n. ELEMENTARY 53 64. Robinson Crusoe (concluded) Luckily this same wave carried Robinson toward the shore and threw the unconscious boy on the dry land. When he awoke he looked about for' the shi[) and the boat, but both had disappeared in the raging ocean. None 5 of his comrades had- escaped death. He thanked God on his knees and in' [a] loud voice that he had so miraculously saved him. Then he looked around. It was a strange and wild land, and the thought of^ wild animals and wild men frightened him greatly. On account 10 of^ [his] fear he did not want to leave the coast, but at last he began to feel such thirst that he was compelled to go forth and search for water. He found a good spring not far from the coast. When one is thirsty a drink of water is a blessing. He was too frightened to feel hunger, but he was so tired 15 that he could hardly stand on his* feet. Where could he sleep? There was no house, hut, or cave, and if he slept under the open sky the wild men or beasts might^ come and eat him. He knew not what^ to do. At last he thought: "I will do^ as the birds, and sleep in a tree." 20 So he climbed a tree, seated himself comfortably in its branches, and went to sleep. * nad). " an. 7 fönnten. 2 What auxiliary ? « öor. s 36, » mit. • 15. » Insert it. PART II — INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 65. A Walk in Summer It is a glowing, burning afternoon in summer. I am walking slowly through the parched fields, in which the many yellow stalks plaintively hang their heads. Not a sound, — profound, brooding, oppressive stillness; 5 only the dry grass crackles softly under my feet. Not a bird ventures^ to stir, not even the gnats play in the glaring sun- light. And I am all alone in the great stillness. I fancy myself to be the sole human creature that is still breathing any- 10 where. Far off in the distance the forest stands gray and motionless. There I will go. I have to cross a spacious farmyard.^ Everything is as if^ dead and deserted. Even the chickens seem to sleep in their houses. Above, on the slate roof — at which I can- 15 not look long, for the sun is just beating down upon it and has transformed it into a glowing oven which emits a terrible heat — above on the ridge of the roof the stork stands on the wagon wheel intertwined with straw."* But he, too, is asleep, one leg drawn up, quite still and motionless, so that I imagine 20 af^ first sight that he is carved out of wood. As I presently pass by the house itself, even the flies are asleep behind the windowpanes, as though they were sticking fast to" them. Just so still and drowsy I fancy' Dornröschen's ' Add e8. ^ ^j/^ qu^ (w. ace); add dcf. art. "^farmyard, ber SBauernl^of. " an; 16. 3 as if, Xo\t. ' 40a. 7 Add mir;/ii;/(v, bcnfcn. ^4 INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 55 castle [to be]. And just as I am about to imagine myself the prince who is to awaken the enchanted Dornröschen, a pig, which I may have disturbed in its contemplative siesta, snorts near me in its pen. A cow answers in a 5 low tone. Thereupon everything is again as quiet as before. I hasten to get away out of this.^ Deliberately I proceed. Now I am again in the midst of a grain field. Everything is yellow. But no, there a blue cornflower peeps out, and lo yonder a bright red poppy. Xo living being besides me. I bend down and turn over a dry, hot, and yellow clod of soil. A glistening little beetle with its half dozen Httle legs runs hurriedly away. I have to laugh when I think of the fright which the little fellow has had on account of my 15 big, clumsy fingers. I gaze after him until he has dis- appeared in his forest of tall wheat stalks. And then I resume my tramp. The sun burns upon mv^ back. But never mind. Already I see the grain field end yonder. I am quite close to the edge of the forest. The 20 last stretch I take^ at a run, though I feel drenched with^ perspiration. Now the forest has received me into its shade. Here it is quite different. As if ^ in a dream I walk along under the cool and quiet green roof. Involuntarily I take my hat ofT. Is it on account of the previous heat? Peace 25 — peace. And my mind ponders over all that the forest might be for man. When men rejoice, they go into the forest and laugh and shout so that the echo replies. Yes, the good forest joins in the happiness. 30 \Mien men are sad, then they ought also to go into the 1 out of this, don f)ier. ' take, 3urücf=Iegcn; at, in. 2 23. *vnth, in. 5 trie. 56 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION forest, lie down in the grass and weep — wTep. Then the forest shakes its branches full of pity and comfortingly, and rustles and whispers consolation into the afflicted heart of man. And when men wish to pray, they should not^ go 5 where they are disturbed. The forest spreads its broad branches, and you- enter as^ into a festal hall and are alone with your Creator. And when you pray, then the old firs carry your prayer upward and pray for you. If you wish to pray, pray in the forest. lo And I go into the forest, in order to dream. Slowly I have wandered on. Now the road turns, just near a young birch with trembling leaves. Another^ short stretch along the footpaths up to a gigantic fir which towers into the air^ proudly and unconcernedly. A moment ago, fresh resin has 15 oozed out of the bark. It still clings there so clear and transparent that I feel tempted to touch it gently. It is still quite soft and cool. Near the fir I leave the path and pene- trate into the heart of the forest through ferns and low brambles. I really have to raise my feet high (in order) to 20 force my^ way through^ unchecked. There, suddenly, I am held fast. Laughing, I bend down and draw forth the big thorn which has scratched me slightly. Now I shall soon be at my goal, I mean^ at the preci- 25 pice. Already I hear, at first softly, then ever more forci- bly, the roaring of the plunging forest stream. Now [there] comes a barbed -wire fence. I pass along its side^ [for] a short distance and hunt for the place where I can best 1 Add bat)in. ^ Add ^inauf. 2 you, bu; also in the following lines. *"' 23. 3 as, glcidjfam. ' bnbiird). * Another, ^}2od) ein. " / mean, bad t)cifet. » aloug its side, baran entlang. INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 57 crawl through. On the other side, whence a person* may also reach my favorite spot, [there] is no barbed-wire fence. But the way I have just come pleases me better. Now once more- I force myself through the low undergrowth and I am 5 there. Xow I sit again in my favorite spot, where I have so often gazed down into the ravine, where the forest stream roars and foams, and the spray spurts up when^ the water dashes against the rocks. Adapted from „Xie ^eimat." 66. A Group of German Poets Among the German poets that arose^ during Goethe's 10 dechning years, the voices of three are easily discerned'^ above^ all the others — Chamisso, Eichendorff, and Uhland. Chamisso Adelbert von Chamisso (i 781-1838) was a Frenchman by birth; but w^hen he was only" nine years old, his family were expelled from their country, and their estates were 15 confiscated. They went to Berlin, ^^he^e the boy became attached to the land of his adoption. He entered the Prus- sian army, and served in it until the war between Germany and France broke out; then he resigned his commission, be- cause he did not wish to draw his sword against the land 20 of his birth. ^ From now on he devoted much^ of his time to the study of the natural sciences. While visiting^^ at** the country seat of a friend, he wrote, for*- his own diversion and for*- the amusement of the children, his romantic 1 a person, man. " only, er[t. - once more, noc^ einmal. » the land of his birth, [ein ©eburtölonb. 3 atä or n)enn? 9 much, einen groBcn Xdi. * arise, erftef)en. 10 39c. 5 are discerned, finb JU unterfc^eiben. " at, auf. 6 above, toon. ^-for, JU. 58 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION story Peter Schlemihlj which at once made him renowned throughout all the world. Peter Schlemihl sells his shadow to the evil one, who appears to him in the form of a pleasant old man, for an 5 inexhaustible bag of gold. But with this his peace is also gone;^ his wealth cannot protect him from the scorn and contempt of the people, who will have nothing to do with a man without a shadow. He can, however, regain- pos- session of his lost shadow only by the forfeiture of his soul. lo Eternal salvation is of greater importance to him than his earthly happiness, so he throws the purse away, and starts out through the world. By mere chance he finds a pair of seven-league boots, by the magic power of which^ he travels from place to place, and in this occupation finds peace and 15 satisfaction. The book was at once translated into all the languages of Europe, and numerous conjectures were made regarding the meaning of the shadow. The author maintained that it had no special meaning; but whether he was^ conscious of 20 it^ or not, he gave beautiful poetic expression to his sadness at having" no fatherland. The same thought is found^ in the poem he wrote^ when he was almost fifty years old, and which is addressed to his birthplace. Castle Boncourt, the ancestral home of his family. Like the hero of his 25 story, he was restless, and in 181 5 he joined an expedition around the world. During the three years consumed^ in'" 1 gone, ba^in. ^Adddef. art. 3 of which, genitive of the rel. pron., which place between by and the noun. ' be found, [id; [iubcil. ' Add \[ä). ' 17. ^ of it, bc[[en. ° 40a. « at having, barüber, ba^ cr . . . ^attc. '" in, mit. INTERMEDIATE AND ADV.ANCED 59 scientific investigations in the various quarters of the globe he came to think more and more of Germany/ and when he returned, he became a German through and through. The University of Berlin honored him by granting him^ the 5 doctor's degree, and he was appointed director of the botani- cal garden. He married soon afterwards, and found in Berlin a happy home, and full recognition as [a] German poet. During the happy days of his home life he composed a remarkably beautiful group of poems under the title of 10 Woman's Love and Life.^ From this group many have been set to^ music, and several have been beautifully illustrated. In his Old Washerwomun^ he gives a touching picture from® the life of the common people, glorifying^ the faithful per- formance of duty, however menial it [may] be. Chamisso's 15 early poems were in harmony with the Romantic School; but he worked his way out of the vague ideas of that school into* German simplicity, and into^ real depth of thought. Eichendorff Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (1788-185 7) received his early^ education at^° the Cathohc gymnasium in Breslau, 20 and studied law in Halle, where, in addition to his profes- sional studies, he occupied himself much with poetry, espe- cially that of the Romantic School. At Heidelberg, where he completed his law studies, he associated with Clemens Brentano and Arnim, the leaders of the younger Roman- 1 he came . . . Germany, gelangte er baju, Ü^eutf erlaub immer f)ö^er ju [(flauen. 2 hy granting him, h\xx6) bie S3er(ei^ung (w. gen.). 3 Woman's Love and Life, „^rauen^^iebe unb ^eben." * to, in (w. acc), 5 Old Washerwoman, „^ie altC SSajc^frau." s into, gu. ^from, au«. 9 early, crft. ' glorifying=in which he glorifies. 10 at, auf. 6o GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION ticists, and the editors of „T)eö Knaben 3Bunber^orn/' a collection of German folk songs; here also he published his first poems. After his university days^ were over, he retired to his father's home, and there assisted in the man- 5 agemcnt of the large estate. During this quiet time orig- inated many of the beautiful songs that are called ''the ripest and most beautiful fruit of Romanticism." Among these are many that have become real folk songs, so popu- lar that many who sing them have never heard of their lo author. In 1813, after he had decided to enter the service of the Austrian government and had just passed the necessary examinations with great success, the call of the King of Prussia for volunteers^ reached him, and he at once re- 15 sponded to it. He was in the army during the entire War of Liberation, and his patriotic songs written at this time belong to the best in the German language. After the war, in 18 16, he exchanged the military service for the Prussian civil service, and gradually rose to high and honorable posi- 20 tions. From 183 1 to* 1844 he was stationed in Berlin, the capital of Prussia; in 1844 he left the public service and, until his death in 1857, hved either in Berlin, or in Vienna, or on his estate in Moravia. During all his professional life he was constantly engaged 25 in literary work, and besides his poetry^ he has written numerous excellent stories, among which the truly romantic novel Experiences from the Life of a Good-for-Nothing^ is the best known. In spite of its improbable adventures, this * university days, bic Uniöcrfitätöjcit. 2 in, bei. 3 call for volunteers, ber ^reimiKigcn^Slufruf. ■* to, bt?. ^ poetry=poefns. « Experiences . . . Good-f or- Nothing, „5Iuö bcm ?cbcn cilU'\3 XaUQCmd^td." INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 6 1 Story, with its light-hearted, singing, dreaming, musicaP hero, has remained and will remain a favorite.- The hero is a miller's son who, with his fiddle, starts out into the world. Two ladies whom he meets by chance are 5 so delighted with his music^ that they take him with [them] to their castle. Through their influence he is first made gardener,'* and then^ taxgatherer; but he is not satisfied with his lot; only one thing® holds him, his love for the young countess, however hopeless it may be. When he finally sees lo her in the company of a man whom he takes to be^ her be- trothed he gives up his position and travels farther into the world.^ After many adventures in Italy and other lands, he returns, and learns that his loved one is not a countess at all,^ but the daughter of the old gate keeper, and, further- 15 more, that she loves no one so much^^ as her Good-for- Nothing. They are married and live in a little castle with a garden and vineyard which the count gives them. Uhland Ludwig Uhland was born in Tübingen in 1787, and died in the same city in 1862. His grandfather had been professor 20 of theology, and his father was university secretary; he was very thoroughly prepared at^^ the Latin School, and entered the University at^- the age of fifteen years to^^ study law. He 1 musical, geigcnb. 2 has . . .favorite=has remained a favorite and will remain it. 3 music, boa ©eigenfpiel. * gardener, jum ©ärtner. 5 Add jum. 6 one thing, eitlö. " at, auf. • take to he, für . . . polten. 12 at, in. 8 Add fjinauö. ^3 to=in order to. ^.nota . . .at all, gar feilte . . . 10 much, fe^r. 62 GERM.\N PROSE COMPOSITION took a far livelier interest/ however, in the study of philology, especially the early German.- His circle of friends at the Uni- versity was of great importance; among them was Justinus Kerner, whose friendship he enjoyed^ [for] nearly sixty years. 5 In 1810 he passed his examinations with high honor, re- ceived the degree of^ Doctor of Laws, and a career in the legal profession stood open to him. But his heart was de- voted to poetry. He went to Paris, and there studied the old French and German manuscripts, instead of the French 10 law, as his father had wished [him to do]. In 181 2 he went to Stuttgart, soon entered the field of poHtics, and became the leader of the party that for several years fought strongly against the constitution offered^ by the King of Würtemberg. When he was not occupied with 15 governmental work, he was always busy with his studies in language and literature, which he regarded as his life work. In 1830 he was appointed professor of the German language and literature at the University [of] Tübingen. He was warmly received by the students, and his rich store of knowl- 20 edge made his lectures on^ German poetry of the fuddle Ages very attractive. He was delighted with his new occu- pation, but remained in it^ only three years, as he was once more elected to the assembly. Six years he devoted himself to this task, and then refused reelection.® He returned to 25 Tübingen and occupied himself entirely with his literary work. His collection of German folk songs, which even to-day is regarded as a masterly work, caused him to^ make ' He took . . . interest, @r fanb öiel grö^creö ©efallcn (in, an w. dat.). 2 early German, altbcutfc^. 3 enjoy, befi^cn. " of, atg. 7 in it, babci. "40a. 8 Add dcf. art. on, über (w. ace). " caused him to, Dcranlafjtc c^, bafj . . . INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 63 journeys to the north and south; and in all the large cities he was received with marks of great esteem and honor. But once more he participated in politics as a member of the Frankfort^ Parliament of sorry memory.^ 5 After returning^ home, he lived in quiet retirement, and devoted himself to his family and literary work. He was strong and active until a cold, which he caught while attend- ing^ the funeral of his old friend Kerner, developed into^ a sickness that carried him away. A bust of heroic size in one 10 of the parks of Stuttgart and a statue in the park at Tübingen have been erected to his memory. His songs are all marked by simplicity and truthfulness, and they are so melodious and so musical that many of them, notably The Landlady's Daughter'^ and The Good Comrade^ 15 have become true folk songs. The fundamental thought in them is always [one of] earnest morality and simple piety, and many of them contain a vein of® fine and sound humor. In his ballads and romances he produced incomparable works. To the heroes of former days he has given new life 20 and attractiveness. Among the best may be mentioned: The Castle by the Sea,'' The Luck of Edenhall, which Long- fellow translated, The Golds^nitW s Daughter,^ Roland Shield- hearer,^ The Black Knight, and, probably the best of all, The MinstreVs Curse, ^^ which made great commotion in Germany 25 when it first appeared, because the bloody king was sup- posed to represent Napoleon. It is an excellent tribute to the power and value of song. In the drama, also, ühland has 1 Frankfort, ^^ratiffurter. 2 of sorry me^nory, traurigen Hngebetifen^. 339c. 7 ^^T)aö Schloß am 9D?eer." * into, 5u. s ^^T)eg @oIb[c^mieb^ löc^terlein." e „"^tx SBirtin Jöd^terlcin." » „9?oIanb 2c{)ilbträger." « of, genitive. 10 „3)eä Süngerö jVlud^." 64 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION done work of real merit. ^ Besides several incomplete drafts, we have two complete dramas, — Ernst, Duke of Swabia,- which treats of an old legend frequently used^ in literature, and Ludwig the Bavarian,^ which treats of the struggle S between Louis of Bavaria and Frederick the Handsome^ of Austria, both rivals for the German crown, and of their reconciliation. German loyalty is the theme of both dramas: in the first it is faithfulness to a friend, while in the second it is the faithful keeping of a promise. Although some por- 10 tions of these dramas are of^ [an] epic nature, they are yet capable of^ being well represented. ^ 1 R. W. Moore. 67. The Margrave of Brandenburg The twelfth [of] June of the year 1157 set in wuth fine summer weather. In the evening of the previous day several severe thunderstorms had sent down hard showers upon 15 the country along* the Spree, but now nature appeared^ everywhere in lovely freshness, and all creatures seemed to be awakened to a busy life earher than usually. Out of the reeds by the shore the reed sparrow incessantly sounded'" his monotonous cry. Wild ducks, cackling' ' compla- 20 cently, led their young ones through the shallower places of the river, and trained them in diving and swimming. Flocks of herons, with loud croaking, came sailing along' - 1 has . . . merit, ^at \mxKid) 55crbien[tlic^eö geleiftet. 2 „(Srnft, ^crjog üon Sc^maben." 340a. " „Subnjig ber 33at)cr. " 6 Frederick the Handsome, ^riebric^ bet olI. 5 remain, [te^n. ^ Genitive. 3 40a. 6 about it, bariibcr. ^ into a, jum. ^° shine, leud^tcn. " Arrange: that to (dat.) the Wendish race characteristic cunning. 72 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION I long while, — but you certainly^ know that your farm will not be secure against danger until Jaczo has been forced to surrender Brennaburg, of which there is yet no thought. "- "Never mind, Kizo," Nako replied, ''Prince Jaczo, no 5 doubt, is hostile to the Germans, and more still to the Christian God; but he does no harm^ to us Wends; he showed that when he had^ St. Peter's chapel destroyed, but spared our farm, though neither of us was at home for^ its^ protection." lo "Perhaps he only wanted to make us [feel] secure, and will fall upon us later when he is through with the Mar- grave." Nako shook his head. "Kizo, the Margrave will be through with him — and [that] soon; believe me — thus 15 matters stand." The assistant continued^ apprehensive. "So much the worse.^ Then he will vent his anger on those who prayed to the Christian God for the Margrave's success."^ "Would he do that?" the fisherman said meditatively — 20 "who should betray us? No, no, Kizo. When the brave Bear takes Brennaburg again from Jaczo, he will rush after the fugitive like yesterday's^'^ storm, and then he will bring help and deliverance to us also." He spoke these words full [of] confidence, and untied his 25 boat from the stake. Then they went to work^^ in silence, as before. Many 1 certainly, boc^. 2 of which . . . thought, inoran noc^ lange nirfjt ju bcnfcn ift. 3 no harm, md)t^ 23ö[c8. 4 34, 8 5o . . . worse, Um [o [c^Ummcr. ^for, ju. " success, bcr 5icg. e 18. '" yesterday's, biT gcftrigc. 7 continue, bleiben. " to work, nn bic Vllbcit. INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 73 fish (es) allured to^ the surface of the water by the warm sunshine were caught in the meshes of the net, and gradu- ally filled the receptacle in the boat. Thus they slowly approached, as formerly, the shore of the town^ of Berlin. 5 Presently Nako stopped [for] a moment, wiped the perspira- tion from his^ brow, and gazed across. There sat the Wend Niclot on the stump of a willow tree, supporting his head in his hands. Less than formerly Nako had, of late, met this inhabitant of Berlin,^ who was still moving along in the 10 old tracks which he himself had left. To day, however, he felt impelled to talk again with the peasant who gazed so pensively into the river. ''What are you doing there?" he called out to him. ''Are you watching where the wild ducks have their nests, 15 or are you planning to take up the fisherman's trade, too?" Niclot looked up. "I do not intend to vie with you in the fishing trade," he retorted sullenly, "there are^ enough other matters racking® my brain. You, of course, are not dis- 20 turbed by them." He had risen and was about to walk away. "I should be sorry if you wxre not getting along well," Nako resumed. "It was a great joy to you, lately, when Jaczo of Köpnik became master of Brennaburg, was it not?"^ 25 Niclot's countenance had become still darker. "I think you wish to scoff at me," he said grufBy — "for who does not know that you side with the Margrave, and now are one of the most zealous among the adherents of the Christian God?" » 40a; to, an (w. ace). ^ inhabitant of Berlin, ber 33erliner. 2 the town, ber Rieden. ^ there are, icf) ^nbc. 3 23. 639b. 7 was it not? m6)i lüQ^r? 74 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION ''If I were/ neighbor," — the fisherman replied bravely — " it ought surely not to break up our old friendship, — and I cannot understand at all which of my words can have displeased you." 5 The peasant appeared to become more friendly. "Do you not know the latest news from Brcnnaburg?" Nako looked at him with keen anxiety. "Kizo and I know that 'The Bear's' own nephew with many warriors perished while attacking the castle; matters were going lo wrong, then, with- the Margrave's cause." "If matters^ had'* only taken this course!" the peasant exclaimed vehemently. — "But the Germans were far supe- rior in numbers, besides the Margrave, the Bishop of Magdeburg, and many knights from the districts of the 15 Saxons and from more remote lands, with armed men; — Jaczo should have provided himself, likewise, with more aUies." "And what has happened, pray?"^ "What else but'' that Prince Albrecht yesterday took 20 Brennaburg again by storm^ . . . Even before dawn a few fugitives passed through here and announced the sad news." Involuntarily Nako folded his hands as if he would thank the Christian God for this news. After a pause he 25 said to Niclot: "Neighbor, it is as I have already told you; the crucified one is mightier than all [the] gods of our fathers together. As long as no adversary arose against the latter, they were all-powerful in this land; but when the » Add Co or baö. 2 matters . . . luith, CO [tQiib q([o ungiiiiftici urn . . . 3 matters, Co. ^ pray, bcnn. * 29. fi hut, nlö. 7 take hy storm, crftilrmoil. INTERMEDIATh: AND ADVANCED 75 Christian (}od appeared, had churches built and pealing bells put up for himself, they suddenly became weak and powerless. If thus our fathers worshiped the old gods and fared well thereby, nothing else is left to us but to follow 5 the triumphant Christian God, because otherwise we shall perish through him Hke our gods." Niclot manifested a desire^ to contradict these words, but he gave it up. ''We shall see certainly- what will happen further," he said gloomily, and turned homeward to^ the 10 town of Berlin. Nako, likewise, guided his boat away from the shore again. ''This news is important," he said to Kizo, "let us hasten back to Kölln; besides, we have made a catch which will suffice for several days." 15 Yet, before they reached their landing place again, a small troop of Wendish warriors had appeared at the river above ^ the inlet, and their leader was motioning to the fishermen. "It is one of the confidants of Prince Jaczo" — Kizo whispered, "and no one can be more ill-disposed to the 20 Christians than he." "Shall we leave him unnoticed?" Nako replied softly. "It would expose us to great danger, for who knows when the Margrave is coming here?" "It will require^ great caution," the servant warned [him] 25 once more; in the meanw^hile, however, he had turned the vessel with his strong arm, and after a few moments they put to shore in the neighborhood of the fugitives. "You were really only to take us across to the Berlin^ shore," the Wendish commander said with gruff voice, "but » manifested a desire, fi^icn ... 511 iDoUcn. * above, oberfjalb (gen.). 2 certainly, \a. s require, bcbiirfcn (\v. gen.). 5 to, ivi, which place after its object. ^ Berlin, Söerliner. yö GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION as you have good food, you may cook us a meal at once, for we have not tasted anything since yesterday evening." Nako hesitated to comply with the demand, for it did not please him that he should sacrifice the results' of his labor, 5 without receiving- in return a word of thanks, to say nothing of^ pay. Then the Wendish warrior raised his spear threaten- ingly and cried: "If you do not obey at once, you shall suffer for it."^ Nako's resistance was broken. Obediently he took the lo fugitive warriors of Jaczo across to KöUn, carried, with his companion, the fish (es) to his yard, and there offered the warriors a draught of mead. "For the present, take this," he said, "until my wife has cooked the fish (es)." 15 While the Wends were sipping the honey- wine, he hurried to take word to his wife. He himself and Kizo helped Marinka to prepare the meal. After a short while, Nako brought the fish dinner in a large dish and said: "Now you may satisfy your hunger, and nobody will disturb you at it,^ 20 for, I think, you have been on troublesome roads." " How do you know (it)? " the leader asked, casting® a search- ing glance at Nako. "I only learned^ that your chief is no longer staying at Brennaburg," the fisherman replied humbly. "We have left the castle, that is correct," the other 25 observed in [a] defiant tone [of voice], while he reached into the dish and began to eat; "but how^ does that concern you? We shall surely take the castle again and drive out the Margrave with his Germans." Nako, perhaps, thought differently about that,° but he ^ results y bie j^ruc^t. ■* 16. ^39(1. 239a. ß <;///, babci. 7 Perfect. 3 to say nothing of, Qcfd^lucic^c bcilll. 8 Jl07i', lüaö. " about tlial, bfirilbcr. INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 77 kept silent and quietly walked aside. Secretly he whispered to Kizo: "The captain is not to be trifled with; see that you learn from one of his men how things* have gone at Brennaburg, 5 and where Prince Jaczo is staying at present." In order to win over the leader, he brought another^ jug of mead. This was drained with the remainder of the dinner, and the un- invited guests plainly showed their satisfaction. "Let us^ rest [for] a while," said the captain to his com- o panions and stretched himself out on the bench; "one of you in the meantime keep* guard; afterwards we shall^ con- tinue our trip to Köpnik." Soon he had fallen asleep. The others followed his ex- ample; one only seated himself under an oak near the farm 5 and let his eyes roam over the distance. Presently^ Kizo approached him. "Fellow-countryman," he addressed him softly, "it is infernal [luck] that this Margrave has triumphed; better, surely, it would have been if you had been able to hold o Brennaburg." The Wendish warrior looked at him distrustfully, but the fisherman seemed to have inspired him with confidence, for he commenced with a sigh: "Indeed, fellow-countryman, it would have been better, 5 but we have been poorly supplied of late, and if we had^ not got this fish dinner, we should have toppled over with^ hunger before we reached Köpnik." Kizo sat down beside him confidentially. "Tell me how you fared at Brennaburg, and how the ^lar- 1 things, eö. S25. 2 another, noc^ ein. 6 Presently, m^balb. 3 Let us, ^\x molten nod^. ^31- * keep= keeps. 8 with, üor. 78 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION grave got the better of^ you. As late as^ yesterday I was delighted to hear that you had slain his nephew." Then the warrior began to report frankly: "We got into the fortress easily because 'The Bear' was absent, and since we 5 had strengthened the fortifications and provided ourselves with victuals, we believed that we should have nothing to fear. But soon the Margrave returned with innumerable warriors, with him the Magdeburg men.^ As far as our eyes could reach, German men appeared on foot and on horseback, lo except where the waters^ of the broad Hevelda restrained the enemies. Many of us then lost heart, and even the bravest began to doubt whether we could long resist or even beat off the enemy. On the very^ next day these Ger- mans began to proceed according to a fixed plan. On three IS sides they inclosed us with high intrenchments, and on the fourth side, where the Hevelda protected us, they collected numerous boats in order to conduct the assault upon us. Here it was that,'' to the very great^ sorrow of the Margrave, Count Werner of Veltheim met a premature death together 20 with his comrades. Great exultation prevailed among us at this good luck,^ but I fear it proved our ruin that the one slain was the Margrave's nephew. For, from this moment on, the wrath of our enemies redoubled. It is true, we beat back the storming warriors several times, but while our 25 number dwindled ever more, the force of our opponents grew constantly through reinforcements. Then, early yesterday, the principal assault of * The Bear ' took place from all sides, after his warriors had previously occupied the outworks and 1 get the better of, mod) tig Irerbcn (w. gen.). 2 As late as, 9]od). 3 the Magdeburg men, hit SD^ogbeburgcr. « that, YOO. * the waters, bic i^lut. '' very great, superlative. 6 On the very, . " at, urn. « by, bnxd). 12 Qne or the other, Vcx linb icncr. " to, an (w. dat.). " cause, mad)cn; 34. INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 85 US. One^ of llic latter bore white fruit (s), on the other two^ they were of dark color. In spite of their somewhat insipid taste they were nevertheless much sought after, ^ and dropped down in rich abundance whenever we threw our customary 5 missiles against the branches. If, at times, the pastor ap- peared in the distance with reproving mien, the gang took to their heels and scattered very suddenly. More than others I had frequent occasion to set foot in the interior of the tower and of the church. The organ, with 10 its wood and metal pipes, its manuals, pedals, and registers, appeared to me (as) a perfect piece of art, however many de- fects it may have had.^ It w^as a matter of course-^ to me^ that the wind made the pipes resound, since in the spring, when the sap had entered^ the willows, I made my own 15 "Whitsuntide whistles" and blew on^ them. I regarded the altar with its figures of saints [handed down] from^ Cathohc times with proper reverence, and was not [a] little surprised when I found in the church attic some pretty, gay-colored sculptures which may^^ have belonged to an older altar. On 20 Sundays the women sat in the pews in the nave of the church ; almost each of them had her little bouquet of^^ fragrant musk- leaves, sweet basil, and pinks lying^- beside her. During the hymn before the sermon the churchwarden appeared and passed his bell-purse in front of the singing women. 25 Whoever had forgotten her^^ penny, and could not contribute, nodded abashed. Some pennies would shp^^ under the foot- 1 Add def. art, before One. » on, auf. 2 two, beibe. ^ from, au3. 3 much sought after, fe^r begehrt. 1° may, pret. of mögen. * may have had, \)ahm mochte. " of, quo. 6 a matter of course, [elb[tüer[tänbüd^. '^- Infinitive. ß/o me, dat. is her, fein (to agree with mer). ' enter, treten (a, e); add in (w. ace). ^^ Add aucfj. 86 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION board and were discovered by us afterwards. The men, too, who occupied the galleries, were in duty bound to make their contributions, but it was less noticeable when they excused themselves. By passing^ their snuff-boxes the men 5 tried to ward off (the) drowsiness during the sermon. In the tower I knew all [the] rooms and nooks. Almost daily I climbed the three wooden stairs that led up to the belfry, as I liked to attend to the ringing of the evening bells. The "big" bell, sounding deep and grand, was set in motion 10 only with difficulty by me, a^ twelve-year-old boy. The "small" bell hung in an aperture in the wall, and swung in and out when rung.^ Once it happened during the ringing of the passing-bell that it tumbled down and struck (upon) the heavy oak beams of the belfry without doing any other* 15 damage. After-^ evening bells I liked to gaze down into the landscape from the elevation of the tower, and sought the high steeple of the distant town which was illuminated by the splendor of the setting sun. Above the belfry the tower clock went its measured course. I knew all the parts of its 20 mechanism most exactly; I knew** not only [how] to wind it, but also [how] to set it according to^ correct time. Up there screeching daws dwelt and nested, the eggs of which I often examined. Once it happened that an owl which stared at me vacantly sat on the rafters. We often met in 25 front of the tower, in order to hold exercises in high throw- ing, in which^ the point was to throw stones through the aperture of the belfry, or to hit the "small" bell, which was suspended at^ [a] greater height. 1 By passing, X>Qburd), bafj, followcl by dependent clause. 2 a, (lei. art. ^ know, ücrftc^cu. 3 when rung, beim ^'älltcil. ^ according to, in (w. ace.); add def. art. * any other, \on\t (adv.). ^ ./,^ wliicli, Juobci. 6 Add def. art. » at, in. INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 87 In autumn whole troops of boys were to be found' in the stubble-fields and pastures. Some had to watch the cattle, the others loafed about and went from one shepherd-boy to the other. That was very entertaining. All sorts of under- 5 brush and thorny brambles were piled into^ a heap; dry and green branches were dragged thither from the nearby forest, and a fire was lighted. The^ heavier the smoke, the greater our delight. The neighboring potato fields yielded tubers, which were baked in the hot ashes. The excitement further 10 increased, if the cattle ran about wildly on account of the flames and the smoke and the shouts of the unrestrained crowds of boys. In summer we liked to visit the forest. It promised us rich harvests. We filled our baskets with black or red 15 berries, with the cones of the pines, and collected mushrooms. Occasionally we espied the nest of a titmouse or came upon the abode of a fox, watched a w^oodpecker which peered out of its tree hole, or frightened and pursued a swift squirrel. By preference, we sought out the sand and gravel pits in 20 the vicinity of the village, not only in order to play in the loose sand and rubble, but also because w^e wished to carry on there unnoticed certain venturesome pastimes. Thus we chanced upon [the idea of] shooting^ with powder. Most^ of us, to be sure, owned cross-bow^s, with which, on Sunday 25 afternoons, we shot at^ a star made by ourselves. But we wanted to hear an explosion at the^ shooting, too, and had no pistols or other fire-arms at our disposal. Since, however, the simplest form of these arms is a tube with a touchhole, we made^ such guns out of hollow keys fastened on a wooden ^ 'düere to he found, man traf. "* shooting, ba^ Schießen. ^ at, nac^. 2 into, auf (w. ace). ^ Most, ^ie meiften. ^ at the, beim. 3 The . . . the . . ., ^t . . . befto ... s Add un«. 88 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION handle. Now the hollow keys would disappear from trunks, chests, and old wardrobes in the houses, and on Sunday afternoons the dull report of our fire-arms was heard from^ the gravel pits. But soon a stop was put to our doings,- and 5 that^ through^ the school. One Monday we were subjected to a severe lecture, in which threats were not wanting, and the storekeeper was warned not to sell us any more powder.^ At times we congregated for® expeditions which extended beyond the boundaries of our village. In spring we would lo repair to a creek which flowed along between Walda and Schönfeld in a depression of the ground. Its windings were splendid; its banks were lined with bushes and old tree trunks, beneath which hosts of crawfish' hved. In addition, there were pickerel (s), those swift pirates of the rivers. We 15 knew^ not only [how] to take the crawfish adroitly out of their holes, but also to entrap the pickerel (s) ; these we caught by means of nooses fastened to^ a stick which we threw over their^*^ heads when they stood still. School and church endeavored to impart to us culture and 20 good morals, and the parson, as well as the teacher, was, of course, regarded with great respect. The schoolroom was a rather narrow room with httle windows, in which we sat close to one another. It was filled with that close air which is exhaled by a^^ multitude in a crowded room and is said^- to 25 be not at all conducive to good health. We, however, had so much healthy exercise in the open air all day that this dis- ^ from, QUO. ^ But . . . doings, 5U(cin ba« v'panbiücrf murbc und balb gelegt. 3 that, jtt)ar. ' know, ücr[tcf)cn. * through, Don . . . QUO. *• lo, an (w. ace). ß any nwre powder, fcill . . . incl)r. '•' 23. o/or, JU. " ^, ^^Pf- '^rt. 7 Plural. '- is said, [oU. INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 89 advantage did not affect us in the least. Of^ aids to instruc- tion there was a reading-machine, a blackboard, and a few geographical maps which were thickly covered with names, but did not give us any idea of the physical condition of S a country. There was no apparatus for [teaching] natural sciences.^ Nowadays all that is quite different, to be sure, but I am almost of the opinion that learning is made too easy for the^ children now. The religious instruction was given by our teacher with impressiveness and dignity. The biblical 10 stories (we used the collection by* Tischer) were read so many times that I knew them almost by heart. Another of our text-books, the „Äinbcrfreunb" by* Otto, contained several suggestive chapters from^ the history of Saxony and general history, and was not without beneficial influence 15 upon us. The instruction in German^ appeared to us very tedious, so that, during these lessons, our imagination was accustomed to roam in^ other fields. Singing was well taken care of, and we did not sing badly in two parts. ^ A school festival was held annually, on w^hich occasion^ a procession, 20 preceded by a band of music, ^^ marched through the village singing popular songs. ^^ As in school,^- we boys had also our duties in church. We composed the choir, but were expected ^^ also to listen to the sermon, about which ^* we were questioned afterwards. Adapted from „!Die §eimat." ' Of, %n (vv. dat.). 2 natural sciences, bic ^^aturgefd^id^te. 3/or the, dat. * by, üon. 7 in, auf (w. dat.). ^from, auö. 8 in two parts, im gmeiftimmigen (Ba^t. ^ in German, im Seutfd^. ^ on which occasion, lüobci. *° preceded . . . music=which (dat.) a . . . preceded. " singing . . . songs, unter bem @e[ange Don 5>oIf'gIiebem. 12 Add [0. 13 i)e expected, follen. ^* about which, monac^. 90 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 69. Berlin If, twenty-five or thirty years ago, one^ had been asked to name the great world cities, i.e.,- those few cities which everybody knows, has visited, or hopes to visit, he would probably have mentioned London, Paris, and New York. 5 By^ general consent, these would have been acknowledged as the great world cities, on account of their area, the number of their inhabitants, their wealth, commerce, and industries. Had the same question been asked during the past ten years, to these three the name [of] Berlin would have had to be 10 added. As [a] world city Berlin is new, even as new as Chicago. But as [a] city, although not as old as London and Paris, it has quite an^ extended history. Berlin first appears in history during the first half of the eighth cen- tury; at' that time it consisted of two parts, Berlin and 15 Kolln, which were divided by the river Spree. In^ 1307 the two places were united, and soon developed, so that Berlin became the leader^ of all the northern in- dependent cities. When the Hohenzollern dynasty became the ruhng power in Brandenburg in 141 5, the place was 20 unable to maintain its independence, and was compelled^ to submit to the erection of a Hohenzollern stronghold. This is still preserved as a portion of the oldest part of the present royal palace. From this time on the fortunes of the city remained intimately connected with those of the 25 Hohenzollern family and their newly acquired principality. The city now grew until it numbered about 12,000 inhab- itants, but during the terrible times of the Thirty Years' War the number decreased by half.^ > one, jemanb. '' quite an=a quite ... ^ the leader, bic Domc^mftC 2 i.e., b. \). (baö l)ci^t). ^ at, ju. >" be compelled, muffen. 3 By, Unter. " In = In the year. » by half, um bic .Sj)älftc. INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 91 Berlin owes the beginning of its modern development to the founder of the modern Prussian state, the great elector, Frederick William (1640-1688). His plans were continued and enlarged by his successors, the town was made the royaP 5 residence, prominent architects were called, and such build- ings as the Arsenal, the Charlottenburg Palace, and the Berlin Palace were begun. The place became noted be- cause of its religious toleration and liberty, and this brought several thousand colonists from less liberal districts. 10 When Frederick the Great (i 740-1 786) came to- the throne, the city had a population of 91,000. Under his successor, Frederick Wilham the Second (i 786-1 797), the population increased more rapidly, and at^ [the] beginning of the century amounted to 172,000. The Brandenburg 15 Gate was erected, painting received [a] new impulse, and the theater, which had long been'' under French influence, was Germanized^ and^ put upon a firm foundation. Frederick William the Third (i 797-1840) had scarcely begun his plans of development^ when they were all over- 20 thrown by^ the invasion of Napoleon, the fatal battle of^ Jena (1806), and the occupation of Berlin by^ the French. However, amid these humiliating circumstances [there] was one event that was destined to be of the greatest beneficial influence, the founding of the University in 1809. In the 25 uprising against Napoleon the people of Berlin^^ wxre the leaders, and after the peace of 181 5 Berlin developed with wonderful rapidity. It was a time in which the young uni- versity at once arose to the first rank in Germany, under ' the royal=to the royal. ^ was Germanized, erhielt bcutfd^en (E^arnfter. 2 to, auf (w. ace). 6 Add ivas. 3 at, ju, 7 plans of development, (5ntn)icflung6p(äne. *been= stood. ^by,buvd). 9 of, bei. 1*^ the . . . Berlin, bic iöcrliner. 92 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION the leadership of such professors as Wihiam and Alexander von Humboldt, Hegel, Schleiermacher, Lachmann, and many others. The German drama enjoyed its^ highest prosperity, and served^ to give an impulse to national life and interest. 5 Architecture, under the influence of Schinkel (1781-1841), received new impulses. He was a great admirer of^ classic style, and built as the Greeks would have built amid German surroundings, according to his conception. Among his buildings the most famous are the Guard House, the 10 Theater, the Schlossbrücke, the Old Museum, the Babelsberg Castle, near Berlin, and the Nicolai Church^ in Potsdam. Numerous statues and monuments by Rauch (1777-1857), the greatest sculptor that Germany has yet^ produced, still stand^ as the finest ornaments of the capital. The intro- 15 duction of railroads, just before the middle of the century, contributed much to the development of commerce and industries, and when King William the First (i 861-1888) came to^ the throne, the city numbered 496,000 inhabitants. The city [of] Berlin now has over 2,000,000 inhabitants; 20 and if the immediate suburbs were included, the number would rise to 2,500,000. What is the cause of this marvelous development? It is all due to political events that culminated in the war with France and its victories. When France declared war in 25 1870, all Germany, North and South, arose as one man, and marched triumphantly into France,^ winning^ the greatest victory since the time of Napoleon. While the German troops were bombarding Paris, a permanent union of the 1 its=the. « Add ba. 2 Add bajU. ^ to, auf (w. ace). 3 of, gen.; add dcf. art. « Add \)umn after ^raufrcid^. * bie 5f?icoIai=Äir(f|e. " 39^. 6 yet, bi« ie^jt. i INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED 93 German states was established that has developed into' the empire of to-day.- There at Versailles, in the beautiful ballroom of the great French kings, William the First of Prussia was declared^ German Emperor. This at once 5 changed Berlin from the capital of Prussia to the capital of the newly founded empire. r. w. Moore. 70. The Cathedral of Cologne Cologne, on the Rhine, is one of those remarkable cities that have witnessed every fashion of human life, and every form of worldly power. Founded by ancient Rome, and 10 nursed by modern Rome, it owes its first existence to the mother of Xero, and its first Christianity to the mother of Constantine. It has been the seat of pagan institutions, the arena of Christian martyrs, the stronghold of religious dominion, the pattern of municipal independence, the store- 15 house of useful commerce, and the birthplace of fine arts. It contains within its walls progressive specimens of every style of architecture. It has seen the deeds of the hero of the Nibelungen.^ It was the home of Albertus Magnus, the philosopher; the abode of Thomas Aquinas, the saint; the 20 tomb of Duns Scotus; the resort of Petrarch. It waged its own wars, coined its own mark, and fixed its own measure. It revered the most absolute sovereigns, and asserted the most^ republican rights. It stood highest as an archi- episcopal diocese, and foremost in the Hanseatic League. 25 Its prelates sent embassies to England, and its merchants had a guild of their own^ in London. Kings from the far West came to worship^ within its walls at the shrine of the 1 into, ju. * i.e. Siegfrieb. 2 of to-day, adj., ^eutig. ^ most, meitge^etibften. 3 declared, aufgerufen jum ... ^ guild of their own=their own guild. 7 to ivorship=in order to worship. 94 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION kings from the far East. It attracted students from Iceland because of its learning, and supplied Poland with abbots because of its piety. It developed a school of architects, whose recommendation, the world over,^ was^ that they 5 came from Cologne; and a school of artists, of whom noth- ing more^ is known than that they belonged to Cologne. It had a native patois of its own,'' and a distinctive physiog- nomy of its own,^ and has both still. To one thing the city of Cologne has been resolutely and lo uninterruptedly true — to her attachment to the Roman church. She may well^ be called the Rome of the North. She has seen almost as many archbishops as Rome [has] popes. A hundred and thirty-seven churches and remains of churches still cover her territory, and tradition reports 15 them to have been^ once as many as [there are] days in the year. Her ancient devotion deserves that she should have the noblest Gothic cathedral in the world. This famous cathedral is the third metropolitan church that Cologne has known. The second w^as founded in 784, 20 by Hildebold, (the) nineteenth bishop, and, it is believed,^ first^ archbishop, of whom the Cologne chronicle gives the following curious history: "On^ the death of Bishop Riccolphus [there] arose a great dispute among the chapter as to^^ the choice of a new bishop; 25 at last, it reached the ears of the Kaiser Karl at Aix-la- Chapelle. He therefore took horse and rode toward Cologne, 1 the world over, blirrf) btc ganjC SBcIt. ^ fir st= the first. 2 was, barin beftanb. » On, ^\aolfölcbcn. " similar = which was similar. e of, an (w. dat,). INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED III of its living representatives, Adolph Oberländer. In Munich appear the most important of the German comic papers, the older Fliegejide Blätter, the more modern Jugend and Sim- plicissinms. Not even the wit of Berlin, in spite of many 5 attempts, has been able to produce anything similar.^ The reason of this singular fact is that the Munich artist lives among a people of jocular propensities. We must remember the peculiarities of the Bavarian race if we wish to do justice to the ^Munich genre painting, the principal representative lo of which^ is Defregger; and even Leibl, the greatest of the Munich painters of modern times,^ is a true Bavarian. Many favorable circumstances have been at work* in order to produce and to foster this predominance of art in Munich. Since the twenties^ of the last century, the kings of Bavaria 15 have applied themselves enthusiastically to one of their regal duties, the cultivation of art; it was they^ who planted the seed of the present artistic hfe in Bavaria. The erection of the Crystal Palace in 1854 had a great influence on the de- velopment of exhibitions and the art trade generally. For 20 decades^ the exhibitions at Munich were the leading events in the art of all Germany, and [it has been] only in later years^ [that] those at Berlin, Dresden, and Düsseldorf have reached equal importance. Artistic life in Berlin has grown very much more slowly. 25 Even as late as the^ beginning of the eighties^*^ the art exhibi- 1 Not anything similar, ^li&ji^ :^i^n[ic^eö. ^ the . . . of which=of -which (gen.) the principal representative. 3 of modern ti)nes= gen. of the modern time. * have . . . work, ^obcn baju mitgeroirft. 5 the twenties, bie jipangiger Qai)xt. 6 it was they, fie inaren eö. ' For decades, ^a^xic^nU ^inburc^. 8 07ily in later years, er[t in ben leisten ^a^^en. 9 Even as late as the, (£ogar no(^ ju. ^^ the eighties, bie ac^tjiger ^a^vt. 112 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION tions of Berlin^ were of but small importance. Of late a great change has taken place in these conditions, and Berlin is becoming^ one of the largest centers of the art trade on the Continent. The architecture of Berlin^ and its sculpture 5 have become predominant throughout^ the North of Ger- many. The protection of the present Emperor is extended* chiefly to statuary. Reinhold Begas of Berlin and Schilling of Dresden may^ be called the leading monument sculptors. Adapted from the official catalogue of the German Empire at the St. Louis Exposition, 1904. 1 the art exhibitions of Berlin, bie Berliner Äunftauöftelfungen. 2 is becoming, i[t im begriffe . . . ju »erben. 8 throughout, burc^ ganj. * is extended to, befdjränft \i6) auf (w. ace). * may, fönnen. I PART III — DIGEST OF SYNTAX Punctuation 1. The rules for punctuation are largely the same as in English. A few exceptions may be noted: a. The comma is used to set off subordinate clauses: 3c^ glaube, 't!>Oi^ cr rcc^t ()at. h. The comma is used to set off infmitive clauses which are the equivalent of subordinate clauses: ^d) fomme, ifju gu befuc()en. c. A comma is not required before and after the paren- thetical however, altlwugh, nevertheless, etc.: (Er ift jebod^ ein guter ?el)rer. d. In ordinary compounds the hyphen is not used. e. The hyphen takes the place of a suppressed member of a compound: T)a 2id)U uub gn'iI)tingögott. /. The quotation marks are „ — ": „%{kx 5(ufaug ift fc^tner." The Article 2. The article is used to indicate definiteness in a noun. Therefore nouns that stand for a particular object or group of objects or ideas take the article: T)\t Kleiber gehören ber 9}hitter. 3Daö ift ber ?e^rer. 3. On the other hand, nouns that express a general idea do not ordinarily take the article: Äleiber maif^eu Seute. (5r ift Se^rer. 4. Proper nouns do not take the article, because they have definiteness in themselves: (Sruft ift eiu guter 3unge. 11^ 114 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION a. But if the noun is limited by an adjective the article is used: 3)er fleine ürnft ift ein guter Änabe. 5. Abstract nouns ordinarily take no article when their content or meaning is not limited, but rather general: 3lugenb beIot)nt fid) felbft. "üoi bricht (Sifen. 6. They take the article when their content or meaning is limited : T)le S^ugenb ber grau. 3)ie 9bt ber airmen. 7. Neuter names of countries take no article, unless preceded by an adjective: Stallen, ba^ fc^öne I'anb. ^a^ f(f)öne Stallen. 8. The article with abstract nouns in headings is often omitted. 9. Where there is an enumeration of objects belonging to the same category the article may be omitted, also in set phrases consisting of two nouns connected by and. 10. If several titles preceded by an article stand before a name, usually only the first title is inflected: !^er ^ol)n beö ^Relc^öfanslerö gürft 53l^marc!. 11. The titles gllrft, G)raf, '^x'mi are uninflected when used without the article: A challenge of Prince Bismarck, (5lne gorberung üon giirft ^l^marcf; but (Sine gorberung t»on bem giirften 53lömarcf. 12. Names of seasons, months, weeks, and days take the article. The Noun 13. After nouns of measure (number and weight) the thing measured is generally not inflected: (Sin (^loö iBein. Sine 9)?enge ?eute. a. But if an adjective precedes the thing measured, the noun is inflected: (Sin (SM^ guten '-llkiuö. I DIGEST OF SYNTAX II5 14. A proper name of place, country, or month preceded by a common noun stands in apposition: T)it @tabt §annoDcr. Xat^ Hönigreic^ Sac^fen. Ter 5-^touat 3uni. The Pronoun 15. Frequently the English possessive is rendered in German by the article when no doubt as to the possessor can arise. The article is used especially when speaking of the parts of the body or of clothing: He put on his hat, (Sr fc^te ben out auf. 16. The personal and demonstrative pronouns are very seldom used with a preposition when they refer to an in- animate object. For the pronoun the adverb ba (before a vowel bar) combined with the preposition is substituted: He played with it, (2r fpielte bamit. I have no time for it, 3c^ f)abe feine ^di ba^u. With this he ivas satisfied, Tamit iüar er gufrieben. a. For the relative and interrogative pronouns referring to things, IDO (before a vowel mor) with a preposition is usually substituted: Of ivhat are you talking? 2BoDon fprec^en Sie? 17. The relative pronoun in a relative clause can never be omitted: The ansu'er he gave, X)it Slntmort, treidle er gab. 18. The demonstrative bcr or berfelbe is substituted for the possessive where an ambiguity might arise: The boy took his money (i.e., someone else's), X)er £nabe nal^m beffen @elb. The Genitive 19. The genitive is frequently employed as object after verbs of remembering, forgetting, etc. : 3c^ erinnere mic^ beffen. 20. It is often used in an adverbial sense to denote in- definite time: Sine^ Xage^ ging er ^u if)m. Il6 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 21. To denote manner: grollen 'JJtuteö ging er nac^ vSpaufe. 22. To denote place: ®e^e bcincö 2Begeö. The Dative 23. The dative is frequently used to point out the per- son for whose advantage or disadvantage something is done, where the English uses a possessive pronoun. This dative is usually called the dative of interest: The water dripped in his face, !l)aö SBaffer tröpfelte i^m Inö ®c[i(f;t. He stroked her cheeky (Sr ftreic^elte it)r bie Sange. The Accusative 24. The accusative is used to express definite time when ? and how long? Gr fommt biefen SIbenb. Go baiicrte nur einen Sfugenblicf. The Verb 25. The present tense is ordinarily used for the future whenever the time is clearly evident from the context: / shall go to-day, 3c^ ge^e ()eute. a. The present tense is used for the perfect where the action continues into the present time: Ever since he lias been happy, ©eitbem i|t er gtiicfUcf). 26. a. Shall, meaning what is to be, is foUen: You shall be satisfied, X)u fodft bcfriebigt iuerben. b. Shall in deliberate questions is fotlen: What shall we do? SBaö fotfen n)ir tun? c. The English have to, denoting necessity, is translated by a form of miiffen: / have to go, 3rf; ^tuf^ ger)en. The Passive 27. The passive voice is less frequently used in German than in English. Other expressions arc often substituted. DIGEST OF SYNTAX II7 It may be rendered by man with the active: Where is lie to be found? ii>ü faun man iljii finbcii? or by the reilexive form: // is to be understood, (So ücrftcljt fid), a. It is necessary to distinguish between the real passive and the apparent passive. In the real passive, action is going on in the tense employed. The auxiliary iucrbeu is used: The house is being built, Xae «*5au^ mirb gebaut. The house was being destroyed, Ta^3 6pauö murbe 3crfti)rt. b. The apparent passive represents a state or condition brought about by previous action. The auxiliary fein is used: The house is built, Ta^ ^au^ ift gebaut. The house was destroyed, Xa^$ §au^3 mar jerftört. 28. Intransitive verbs may at times be used in the passive, but only with an impersonal subject: Go rourbe getankt, There was dancing. (Se tüirb gcflopft, There is a knock. XoTE. — In case of inversion the impersonal pronoun is suppressed: 2J?ir iDurbc geglaubt, I was believed. The Subjunctive 29. The subjunctive expresses unreality, doubt, or un- certainty regarding the facts of a statement. Therefore it is chiefly used in conditions contrary to fact: ilBenn er nur fame, tüäre allcu gut; and in indirect discourse to express what is said or reported by someone else: Gr fagte, hoc^ er franf fei. Thus we have the subjunctive after verbs of asking, saying, thinking, etc., in the principal clause. a. However, if the indirect statement appears as a fact, the indicative is used: ^6) fagte, "i^a^ er franf ift. b. The present, the future, and the perfect of direct state- ment remain in the indirect, but the preterit in the direct becomes a perfect tense in the indirect statement. Il8 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION Direct Indirect 3^ bin flier. ^^ ["^^1' \ bafe er f)ier fei. S^ lüerbe Mer fein. J^ , / [ bafe er ^ier fein merbe. ^ (Srfagte, ) 3c^ h)ar I)ier, or Gr fagt, 3(^ bin l^ier getüefen. @r fagte, bafeer ^iergetnefenfei. c. When the form of the present subjunctive is the same as that of the present indicative, the preterit must be used: Gr fagte, ba^ fie ©änfe fatten (instead of ^aben). If the perfect subjunctive is the same as the perfect indica- tive, the pluperfect subjunctive is used. CEr fagte, bafe fie ®änfe gel^abt fatten. 30. If the dependent clause is an indirect question, the subjunctive is not used after a present tense, but must be used after the past: (Er fragt, ob er 3U §aufe ift. (Er fragte, ob er ju §aufe fei (or toäre). 31. In contrary to fact sentences, when present time is to be expressed, the preterit subjunctive is used in the condition (the if clause), and the preterit subjunctive or present conditional in the conclusion: If he were here, I should go, Söäre er (^ier, fo ginge id) (or ioiirbe itf) gcl)en). To express past time, the pluperfect subjunctive is used in the condition and the pluperfect subjunctive or past conditional in the conclusion : / should not have believed it, had I not seen it, 3rf) I)ätte c^ nic()t gcglanbt, locnn iif) eö nirf)t gefeiten r)ätte; or ^6) mürbe e^ nid^t geglanbt ()abcn, . . . The Infinitive 32. An infmitivc with a mochil auxiliary is often omitted if it can readily be supplied: (Er miifj fort. (Er fann evJ (tun) DIGEST OF SYNTAX II9 33. The infinitive without gu is used after modal auxiliaries. 34. The infinitive without ^u is also used after fügten, l^ören, Reiften, lernen, Iet)ren, (äffen, fe^jcn, machen: (Sr ^örte if)n fommcn. (5r (c^rte i^n (cfen. The king has had tlie castle destroyed, Xcx Siömc^ f)at ba^i Schloß ^^crftören laffen. 35. Generally an infinitive with .^u cannot be used, unless the subject of the infinitive is the same as that of the finite verb: I wish tu do it, 3<^ münfc^e eö ju tun; but / wish you to do it, 3<^ n)ünfc^e, baf> 2ie ec tun. 36. Also in objective indirect questions the infinitive clause must be changed to a noun clause: They asked him wJiere to cast their nets^XdO fie bic ^ld}C auöraerfen follten. 37. The English infinitive phrase am going to, am about to, may in German be rendered by n)o(len, with the adverb eben, just, or by im begriff fein: / was about to go home, 3c^ n)o((te eben nac^ §aufe ge^en or 3c^ ^f^r im begriff nad) §aufe 5U ge^en. The Present Participle 38. The present participle is used: a. As a qualifying adjective: Xit (iebenbe Jrau. A woman loving her children, (Eine i^re .^inber uebenbe grau. b. As a noun denoting the person acting at the time: -Ter ^Iebenbe, The speaker. c. It may be used in apposition: 2ie fam fingenb in ba^ 3immer. This construction ought to be used only when the action of the participle is simultaneous with that of the finite verb and the content of the participle of less value than that of the finite verb. XoTE. — This construction is also used to emphasize the quick suc- cession of two actions: Xieg ^örenb, ging fie fort. !Dcn öammer fc^roingcnb, jermalmtc er beö 3Jie)cn 2c^äbc(. I20 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 39. But usually the participle should be changed to an infinitive, relative clause, adverbial clause, or finite verb. a. Infinitive: He saw the dog sleeping, Gr fa^ ben ^unb fc^Iafen. The pleasure of hearing him, Taö 55crgnügen, i^n ju l^ören. h. Relative clause: The dog sleeping in the street, Der §unb, inelc^cr auf bcr Strafte frf)Ucf. c. Adverbial clause of time, cause, or manner: Seeing him fall, I went to help him, 5II6 ic^ il)n falfcn fal), ging ic^ i()m ^,11 l^elfen. Seeing his master, he arose, 5((ö (or ba) cr feinen §crrn fa(), crI)ob cr fic^. d. Finite verb: If the participial idea is as important as that of the finite verb: He walked away, leaving him here, (5r ging fort unb liefe i^n ^ier. The Perfect Participle 40. The perfect participle of verbs of motion is used v^ith fommen as the equivalent of the English present parti- ciple: He came running, (5r fam gelaufen. a. The appositional perfect participle precedes the noun as qualifying adjective: He sat in a chair covered with pillows, (Sr faji in einem mit Riffen bebecften ^tul)le; or it may be changed to a relative clause: (5r fafe in einem aun er fommeu tDoftte. 44. Wlaxvi) is usually inflected when an adjective follows, but is not inflected before eiu. 45. ^ie(, much, and toenig, little, denoting mere quantity, are uninflected when not preceded by the definite article or a possessive. 46. (Solcf) is uninflected when it precedes eiu. 47. The adverbial force of a preceding clause is often resumed by means of the adverb fo, placed before the main verb. 48. 5Iuc^ adds generalizing force to pronouns and adverbs. It may stand before or after the word to be made prominent. 49. ^lo(^ conveys the idea of intensity and addition, also that of continuance of time: Twice as beautiful, 9toc^ eiumat fo fc^öu. The weather is still beautiful, Xq'S ©etter ift nod) \d)ön. 50. The particles l^iu and ^er are used to denote motion, and may be compounded with verbs and prepositions: ^iu= gietjcu, ^erfommcu. 122 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 51. (Sonbcrn is used after a negative, and introduces a contrast. Prepositions 52. a. Sfl(x6) before names of places denotes direction toward without regard to arrival: (Sr reift narf) Guropa. h. 5Iuf with the accusative denotes motion upward and toward a surface: (Sr ging auf ben SO^arft. c. 3tt denotes direction of motion with the idea of arrival. d. ^ei expresses nearness to an object in a general way: ^ie @c§Iad)t bei Seipjig. e. 5Son denotes in many cases starting-point in action or thought: Gr gc(}t üon §auö ^u §auö. (Er benft fdjlec^t üon mir. Word Order 53. The three word orders differ mainly in the position of the personal verb. 54. Principal Sentence a. Normal order : Subject — Personal verb. h. Inverted order: Personal verb — Subject. Dependent Sentence c. Transposed order: Subject — Modihers — Personal verb at the end. 55. Inversion in principal sentences is caused when an adjunct of the predicate is placed at the beginning of the sentence: ^alb gci)c id) nacf) .*oaufc. a. The conjunctions imb, aber, bcnn, fonbern, ober, allein do not cause inversion, because they arc not adjuncts of the predicate. h. A conditional clause has the inverted order when the conjunction tDcnn is omitted : ^enn ber 5Jiann nad) vSpaufe ginge becomes Cringe ber ÜDMnn nad) vSpaufe. DIGEST OF SYNTAX 1 23 56. The transposed order is the regular order of the dependent clause. The personal verb stands at the end: Sd) \ä)c, ha\] ber iDJanu iiacl) .Spaufc gcf)t. a. But when the conjunction ba\] is dropped, tlie normal order prevails: 3^^ glaube, ber 93iann gcf)t uac^ .Spaiifc. b. When the personal verb and two infinitive forms stand in the same dependent clause the personal verb precedes the two infinitive forms: (Sr fagte, ha^ cr nicf^t l)aOc gcf)cn fönnen. c. When in a conditional clause the iücnn is omitted the inverted order prevails. Sec 55b. 57. In the normal and inverted order the separable prefix of a verb in the present and preterit tenses, the perfect participle, and the infinitive of compound tenses stand at the end : (Sr gcfjt morgen fort. (5r ift geftern fortgegangen. (Er muß Ijeute fortgeben. 58. If an infinitive and a participle occur in the same sentence, the infinitive stands at the end : (Sr mufs fortgegangen fein. a. A dependent infinitive with 5U is often incorporated in the sentence, if it stands alone or has no modifiers : (5r fing gu fingen an. b. But if the infinitive with ]u has modifiers depending on it, the infinitive with its adjuncts follows: or fing an, ba^ I^ieb 3u fingen. 59. The separable prefix follows its verb in the present and preterit of the principal clause only. In all other tenses of the principal and dependent clauses the prefix precedes the verb. 60. The more important verbal adjuncts, including ob- jects, adverbs, and adverbial phrases, tend toward the end of the sentence, the less important toward the middle. 124 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 6i. Objects. The personal pronoun ed and the reflexive fi(^ precede other objects because, having antecedents, they are of less importance: Gr fagte cö bem Hnabcn. (5r ^o(te fic^ 62. The direct object precedes the indirect when the direct is a personal or reflexive pronoun: i^'ib cö if}m nidjt. Sr l)at fic^ mir ergeben. 63. The direct object follows the indirect when it is a noun, or a pronoun not personal or reflexive: 3c^ gebe if)m baö ^uc^. -3c^ gebe if)m bieö. 64. Adverbs. Adverbial modifiers stand in the follow- ing order: (i) those of time, (2) those of place, (3) those of manner. 65. Adverbs of time take third place in the sentence, if that place is not occupied by a personal pronoun without ^u: ÜSir i^aben l;eute ftublcrt. 333ir I)aben t^ freute ftubicrt. 66. Adverbs of time precede noun objects: 3^) ^)abe if;ni geftern baö ^ud) gegeben. 67. In the normal order, if the adverb is an adjunct of the personal verb, it must not stand between the subject and predicate. But '^a^ ^ud) ()ier gcl)ört mir, since (^ier is not an adjunct of the verb, but an elliptical clause equivalent to which is here. 68. The adverbs nld^t, nie, niemals are placed before the member they negate. If nicf)t modifies the whole sentence, it stands at or near the end. VOCABULARY DIRECTIONS FOR USE After each noun the endings of the genitive singular and nominative plural are given in brackets. After verbs of the strong conjugation and irregular verbs the forms of the preterit and past participle are indicated by their corresponding Ablaut vowels, or given in full. The hyphen between the prefix and the verb in compound verbs denotes separable compound verbs. Except in a few cases, adverbs are not entered separately, but should be sought under the adjectives. ABBREVIATIONS abstr. = abstract gen. = genitive plur. = plural ace. = accusative im per s. = impersonal prep. = preposition adj. = adjective inlcrj. = interjection pron. = pronoim adv. = adverb hticrrog = interrogative pron. adj. = pronominal arch. = architecture intr. = intransitive adjective coll. = collective VI. = masculine refl. = reflexive camp. = comparative med. = medicine Sltlg. = singular conj. = conjunction mus. = music tr. = transitive dat. = dative n. = neuter V. = verb /. = feminine num. = numerical w. = witJi fig. = figurative Pers. = personal GERMAX-EXGLISH « 5lbenb {-?,, -e), m., evening. 2lbenbbämmerung (-), /., evening twilight, aber, but. 2lbf)ang {-%, ^t), m., slope. ab=fi^en (faß, gefeffen), dismount, nb-ftcigen (ie, ie), dismount. 0^6), alas, ah. ä^nlicf), similar. a{[, all. qI^, when. alt, old. ältitc^, elderly. aufbieten (o, o), offer. anbcr, other. änbcru, change. SIncfbo'te (-, -n),/., anecdote. SInfang (-^, ^e), m., beginning. an=ted)ten (o, o), attack, dispute. an^^abcn (einem ettüo^), harm one. aTi=fommen (fam, o), arrive. anmutig, charming, agreeable. an=1e^en (a, e), look at, obser\'e. 120 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION SlntlDort (-, -en),/., answer. Qntirorten, answer. SIrbeit (-, -en),/., work. 2lrm (-eg, -e), m., arm. arm, poor. Slrmce' (-, -n),/, army. Strst (-eg, ^c), m., physician. är^tUc^, medically. auä), also. auf, on. auf=[tc(Ien, place. Singe (-ö, -n), n., eye. auS^bittcn (bat, gebeten), beg for. auö^bringen (brachte, gebracht), give (a toast). Sluöbauer (-),/., endurance. auö=rufen (ie, u), exclaim. auö=[cf)icfen, send out. auö^enben (fanbte, gefanbt), send out. au^^trecfen, stretch out. f8 SBanb (-eg, -e), w., fetter. 58atai((on (-S, -e), «., batallion. bebeden, cover. befef)Icn (a, o), command. befrncf)ten, fructify. befürd)ten, fear. S3egebenl)eit (-, -en),/, occurrence. bcgliidcn, rejoice, make happy. be^anbcln, treat. bei, with, by. beibe, both. beinahe, almost. ^efannte (-n, -n), m. and /., acquaintance. beleucf)tcn, enlighten, bemerfen, notice. 93crg (~eö, -c), m., mountain. 33ern[tcni[d)nnr (-, -^c), /., amber wreath. bcrüf)nit, celebrated, befc^rcibcn (ie, ic), describe. bc[c^ulbigcn, accuse. 53cfcn (-g, -), m., broom. bel'iegcn, conquer. bcfi^cn (be)afe, befeffen), possess. beffer, better. bcftrafcn, punish. bcftrcitcn (beftritt, beftrittcn), dis- pute. bcfnrfien, visit. betören, fool, deceive. beincgcn (o, o or reg.), move, affect. bclnoljnen, inhabit. bejaubcrn, bewitch, enchant. bieten (o, o), offer. ^ilb (-eg, -er), n., picture. binbcn (a, u), bind, wind (a wreath). big, until. bitten (bat, gebeten), ask, 53Ucf (-eg, -e), m., look. 33U^eg|cf)neI(e,/., speed of lightning. bluten, bleed. S3oot (-eg, -e or 33öte), ;/., boat. böfe, evil. SBruber (-g, -^er), w., brother. S3ünbel (-g, -), m. or n., bundle. 93ürgerfrieg (-eg, -e), m., civil war. SButterbrot (-eg, -e), «., bread and butter. ® ba, there, since, as. bo^er, therefore. ba^in4üf)rcn, guide (to a certain point). bnl)inuntcr, there below, barauf, thereupon, barnni, therefore. bat»on=ci(en, hurry away, baüon laufen (ie, au), run away, bcnfcn (barf)tc, gebad)t), think, bcnn, couj., for. bcg()a(b, therefore. bicfer, this, bircft, direct, bod^, yet, nevertheless. t GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 127 3^oftor (-Ö, -en), ;«., doctor, broken, threaten. buelUeren (jii-^), fight a duel. biinfen, seem, appear, bilrfen (burftc, geburft), dare. 6 e^c, before. 6f)re (-, -Vi), f., honor. e^ren, honor. eigen, own. cinanber, each other, one another. ein=bilbcn, imagine. einige, several. ein=laf[en (ie, a), admit. einmal, once. einl'am, lonesome. einft, once. einzeln, separately. Emigrant' (-en, -en), m., emigrant. Cube (-^, -n), 71., end. Cnglänber (-ö, -), m., Englishman; plur., English. eng(ifcf), English. entfernt, distant. entgegenhalten (ie, a), hold towards. entgegnen, reply. enthalten (ie, a), contain. entfc^ulbigen, excuse. Gntjiicfen (-6), n., delight. cr, he. Grbe (-, -n), /., earth; auf — n, on earth. erfreuen, cheer, rejoice. erfüKcn, fulfill, fill. ergreifen (ergriff, ergriffen), seize. ergeben (0, 0), lift, refl. rise. er^ö^cn, increase. erfennen (erfannte, erfannt), recog- nize. erreichen, reach. erfc^einen (ie, ie), appear. erft, first. errteifen (ie, ie), prove, show. ermibem, reply. erjäf)Icn, tell, relate. Co, it. effen (afi, gegeffen), eat. ctlüaö, something. emig, eternal. (ijcellcnj' (-, -en), /., Excellency. efperimentieren, experiment. fäf)ig, able. faljrcn (u, a), go, ride. falfd), false. ^ang (-eö, *e), m., catch. fechten (0, 0), fight. fehlen, be wanting; lüoö fc^It bir? what ails you? geig^eit (-),/., cowardice, geigling (-Ö, -e), m., coward. geinb (-eä, -e), m., enemy, gelb (-eö, -er), n., field, gclb^crr (-n, -en), w., general, i^elg or %t{\m (-enö, -en), m., rock. genfter {-%, -), n., window. fern, distant, afar. ferner, furthermore, finbcn (a, u), find. i5i[d)cr (-Ö, -), m., fisherman, fliegen (0, 0), flee. %\vi6)i (-),/., flight; in bie — fd)Ia= gen, put to flight, gluß (-eö, -^e), m., river. fort=tragen (u, a), carry away, fouragieren, forage, grage (-, -n), /., question, fragen, ask. i^ranfrcicf) (-ö), n., France, granjofe (-n, -n), m., Frenchman. franjöfifc^, French. i^rau (-, -en),/., woman, frcmb, strange, freubig, joyfully, gladly, freuen, refl., rejoice, i^reunb (-eö, -e), w., friend, freunblid), friendly, griebric^ (-g), m., Frederick. 128 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION frö^Itc^, glad. füllen, feel. führen, lead, guide. gutter (-Ö, -), m., guide. fiinfje^n, fifteen. j^iinfcfien (-Ö, -), n., little spark. für, for; maä — . . ., what sort of. furcf)tbar, fearful furrfitloö, fearless, ^ürft (-en, -en), m., prince. ®abe(-, -n),/., gift. ®anö (-, -^e),/., goose. ganj, entirely. gar {with negative), at all. @arten {-?>, ^), m., garden. Q,zhtn (a, e), give. ©ebulb (-),/., patience. gefaden (gefict, a), please. gefälüg, pleasing, desired. 4)eforbertc (-n, -n), m., challenged one. ge^cn (ging, gegangen), go. gel^orc^en, obey. gehören, belong (to). @elb (-co, -er), n., money. (Gelegenheit (-, -en),/., opportunity. genug, enough. gem, gladly. Öefanbte (-n, -n), m., ambassador. Öefang (-e8, ^e), vi., song. gcfrf)c()cn (a, e), happen. ge[cf)lüinb, quickly. (betreibe (-8, -), n., grain. gewinnen (a, o), win. gemifi, surely. ('')i[rf)t (-eö), m., foam, froth. glauben, believe. g(eirf), like, equal; adv., at once. g(eicf);;citig, at the same time, sim- ultaneously. ©ram (-c«), m., grief. graufam, cruel. groil, great, large. grün, green. ®ruB (-eg, ^c), m., greeting. gut, adj., good; adv., well. ©Ute (-),/., kindness. l^aben, have. ^afer (-8), m., oats. ^aferfelb (-co, -er), n., field of oats. §alt macfien, stop. f)alten (ie, a), hold; — für, take for, consider. ^anb (-, ^e),/., hand. Hauptmann (-Ö, -leute), w., cap- tain. ^auö (-eö, ^er), n., house. ^auötür (-, -en),/, front door. f)ebcn (o, o), lift, raise. ^eifeen (ie, ei), be called, bid. Reifen (a, o), help. I^er, here (toward the speaker). f)erab=ftcigcn (ie, ie), descend. ^erauöforberung (-, -en), /., chal- lenge. f)erein4affen (ie, a), let in. .g>err (-n, -en), ;;/., gentleman, Mr. ()crrfd)en, rule. ^cröor, forth. ^*pcT3 (-enS, -en), n., heart. ^erjcn, fondle. ^erjlirf), heartily. t)eu(en, howl. ^cute, to-day. ^cfe (-, -Vi), f., witch. I^ter, here. ^imnicl (-Ö, -), w., sky, heaven. l^inab ()üpfeu, hop down, skip down. l)innb fd)iuebcu, soar down, lly down. l}iuab mcrfcu (a, o), throw down. biiuiu ftcigcn (ic, io), rrscend. l)iu bringen (brad)tc, gcbraii)t), spend (a life). 1 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 129 l)in4aufen (ie, qu), run towards. Winter, behind. hinunter, down. ^in=3ic^en (509, gebogen), draw (to). I)offcn, hope, ^öflic^, polite, ^ö^c (-, -n),/., height, hill; in bic — , up. ^olcn, get. ^ören, hear. ^unb (-e«, -c), m., dog. ^iittc (-, -n)/f., cottage. fommanbicren, command, fommcn (fom, 0), come. Äönig (-Ö, -c), m., king. .Königin (-, -ncn),/., queen, fönncn, be able, can. Äöter (-Ö, -), m., cur. Äranff)cit (-, -en),/., sickness, .^ran^ i-t^, *e), m., wreath, fritifierm, criticize. Summer (-6), w., sorrow. Äuppe (-, -n),/., top, summit. fur3, short, fiiffen, kiss. 3 immer, always, inbem, while, inbireft, indirect. 3J 3af)r (-e^, -c), ;/., year. jeboc^, however. jener, that. jetjt, now, yet. ^ofua {-%), m., Joshua. 3unge (-n, -n or -no), m., lad, boy. Jungfrau (-/-en),/., young woman, maiden. fämpfcn, fight. faufen, buy. .KaoaUerie' (-, -n),/., cavalry. fein, no. fennen (fannte, gefannt), know. Werfer (-ö, -), w., prison. Ätnb (-eg, -er), n., child, Hein, little. flopfen, knock. flug, wise. Änabe (-n, -n), w., boy. Änöc^el (-Ö, -), ;«., knuckle. Laboratorium (-S, -rien), «., labo- rator}'. lächeln, smile. 2anb (-eg, ^er or -e), n., land, längft, long ago. laffen (ie, a), leave, allow. gaft (-, -en),/., load. ?e6en (-ä), w., life, leben'big, alive, lecfen, lick, legen, lay. ?e^rer (-g, -), m., teacher. Icii^t, light, easy. ?eib (-eg, -en), w., sorrow. lefen (a, e), read, lefet, last. Seute, phtr., people, gic^t (-eg, -e or -er), «., light, lieb, dear, lieben, love, lieblic^, lovely. Liebling (-g, -e), ;«., favorite. Lieb (-eg, -er), «., song, liegen (a, e), lie. m madden, make, do. mäcfitig, mighty. mä^en, mow. SD^ajeftät' (-, -en),/., majesty. I30 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 5D?aI (-CÖ, -e), n., time, point of time, malen, paint, man, one. manc^ ( — er, — e, — eö), many a. manchmal, often. DJ^ann (-eö, -^cr), m., man. 9}Järc^en (-ö, -), n., fairy-tale. SOJarft (-eö, -^e), m., market. SJ^auI (-eö, -^er), n., (of animals) mouth. me{)r, more; nic^t — , no longer. mdk (-, -n),/., mile, meinig, mine. 9)2en[(f) (-en, -en), m., man, human being, minber, less, mit, with, mit^bringen (bradjte, gebracht), bring along. SOHttag (-Ö, -e), w., noon; ju — effen, dine. Wittt (-),/., middle. Woht {-, -n),/., fashion, mögen (mod^te, gemorfit), like, de- sire, möglich, possible. 9}?onb (-CÖ, -e), m., moon. SWü^e (-, -n),/., trouble, toil. g«üf)Ie (-, -n),/., mill. SD?u()me (-, -n),/., aunt, muffen (mufete, gemußt), must, have to. muftcrn, inspect. SO^ut (-eä), m., courage. 'MutUx (-, -),/., mother. nac^, after. nac^=äffcn, ape, imitate. 9iac^bar (-8, -en), m., neighbor. ^iac^ric^t (-, -en),/., news. nac^4c^cn (fa(), gefc()en), look after. näc^ft, next. S^äc^ftenlicbe (-),/., brotherly love. '^ad)t (-, -e),/., night. m^t (-),/., vicinity. 9Ja|e (-, -n),/., nose. 9?ation' (-, -en),/., nation. 9laturforfc^er (-8, -), w., scien- tist, nehmen (a, genommen), take, neugierig, inquisitive, nic^t, not. nic^tö, nothing. nicbergcfc^Iagen, cast down. niebcr=fe^en, put down, niemals, never, nicmanb, nobody, noc^, still, yet. nun, now. nur, only. ob, whether. obgIei(^, although. ober, or. offen, open. oft, often. of)ne, without. O^r (-eö, -en), n., ear; bie — en fpi^en, prick up the ears. Öfterrcid^er (-Ö, -), m., Austrian. * platform. *!ßerron' (-8, -ö), w., ''i^crfon' (-, -en), /., person. *iJ5fcrb (-eö, -e), n., horse. plöl^^Iid), suddenly. *i}.^rinjcffin (-, -nen),/, princess. prüfen, prove. m raftcn, rest. raufd)en, rush, roar. S'Jebe (-, -n),/, speech. Ofebcform (-, -on), /., form (of speech). !')icgcn ( Ö, ), m., rain. GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 131 $Regcnfc^irm (-8, -c), m., umbrella. iHeic^ (-CÖ, -t), n., dominion, reic^, rich, abundant, rein, clean, reiniflcn, clean. 9fci)e (-, -n),/., journey. JRoß (-cS, -e), ;/., horse. mtt (-),/., redness. 9?ü(fcn (-8, -), ;«., back. ! rub em, row. 9?uf (-eö, -e), m., reputation, rufen (ie, u), call. ©age (-, -n), /., story, legend. fagen, say. fc^äblic^, harmful. Scfiar'fner (-g, -), m., conductor. fc^arf, sharp. fc^eincn (ie, ic), seem, shine. [ekelten (a, 0), scold. fc^icfcn, send. (Schirm (-e8, -c), m., umbrella. Sc^Iac^t (-, -en), /., battle; — felb (-eö, -er), n., battlefield, fc^lafen (ie, a), sleep. atcrlanb (-c«, ^cr). adorn, fdjnuufcn, oerfdjoncrn. adorning, bie !iHTfd)öncrinig ( -, -en), adornment, bie inn-fdjoiicrung (-, -en), bie "iHT^^icrung (-, -en), adroit, gcfd)id"t. advance, uor bringen (a, u), oor^ lüärtö fd)rcitcn (fd)ritt, ge[d)rittcn), fid) näl)crn (to, dal.). advancement, bie iöeförbcrung (-, -en). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 135 r I adventure, ba« ?(bcntcuer (-«, -). advcrsarv', ber Öc^ncr (-«, -). advice, b'cr Oiot {-ci, ^c). advise, raten (ic, a) (dat. of pers.). afar, fern, lüeit; from — , Don xotv- tem. afTable, IcutfcUg, freunbU(^. affect, fcfiabcn idat.). afflicted, betrübt, afford, bieten (0, 0), erteilen, ge= mäbren. afloat, flott, afraid, bange; be — , fic^ fürchten (of, Dor UK dat.). Africa, Slfrifa (-Ö). after, prep., nac^; conj., nad^bcm, alg. afternoon, ber OMc^mittag (-Ö, -e). aftenvard, nac^f)er. again, micber, mieberum. against, roiber, gegen, age, bag filter (-%, -), ha^ ^nio-ittx (-Ö, -), bie Slcra. ago, öor (dat.), Dörfer {ace. pre- ceding)] many years — , Dor Dielen 3a^i^^^- agree, fief) einigen, agreeable, angenehm, agricultural, lanbrnirtfc^aftUc^, 5I(fer= bau treibenb; — high school, bie Ianbrt)irtfcf)aft{ic^e öocbfcf)ute (-, -n); — town, bie ?anbftabt (-, ^e). agriculture, ber Stcf erbau (-ö), bie ?anbrtiirtfc^aft. aid, bie öilfe; — to instruction, baö !i'e{)rmittel {-%, -). ail; what — s you? h)aS fel^lt bit? aim, "üa^ ^\t{ (-eg, -e), ber ^votd (-CÖ, -e). aim at, v., erftreben. air, bie ?uft (-, ^e). ALx-la-Chapelle, Slacken (-«). Albert, Sllbrec^t (-Ö). alder, bie (Srie (-, -n); — bush, boo Grlengefträuc^ (-«, -e). alight, fief) nieber4affen (ie, a), alike, rt^nlic^. alive, lebcn'big; be — (with), xn\m-- mein (Don), all, all, gan'v gefamt; not at — , gar nic^t; not at — a, gar fein, all-powerful, allmächtig, allow, erlauben, geftatten, laffcn (ic, a). allure, locfen. ally, ber iöunbeögenoffc (-n, -n), ber 33erbünbete C-n, -n). almost, beinahe, faft. alone, allein, along, entlang, ^in, längs (gen.)\ — with, ^ufammen mit, in 33er* binbung mit. already, fc^on. also, auc^, außerbem. altar, ber 2Iltar' (-S, -c or ^t). although, obgleich, obfcf)on, menn fc^on, roenn auc^. always, immer. ambassador, ber @efanbte (-n, -n). amber, ber iöemftein (-Ö, -e). ambush, ber öinterl)alt (-6, -e); from — , au3 bem — . amid, inmitten {gen.), mitten unter, among, unter, 3n)ifcf)en; be — , ge= pren (^u). amount, betragen (u, a), ample, au€reic6enb, reicf)lic^. amusement, bie tlnterl)altung (-, -en), ha% 23ergnügen (-Ö, -). ancestral, angeftammt; — home, bag (Srbfc^loB (-eö, -^er). anchor, ber 2tnfer (-g, -). anchor, v., anfem. ancient, alt, altt)ergcbrad^t. and, unb. anger, ber ärger (-ö), ber ^oxn (-eg), angr)', ^omig, ärgerlid^. animal, 'ba% Jier (-eg, -e). annals, bie SInnalen {plur.), hit @c= fd)icöte (-, -n). annihilate, Demid)tcn. announce, melben. 136 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION announcement, bic Slnscigc (-, -n), bie Slnfiinbtgung {-, -en), annual, iäf)rlic^. another, see other, answer, bie Slntmort (-, -en), answer, v., antworten {dat. of per s.). anxiety, bie 2lng[t (-, -^e), bie (2pan= nung (-, -en), anxious, äng[tli(^. any, ein, irgcnb ein; — more, noc^ mt\)x, ein irenig mef)r; — one, irgenb ein(cr). anybody, irgenb einer, anything, etmaS, irgenb etlDoS. anywhere, irgenbmo. apart, auöeinanber. aperture, bie Öffnung (-, -en); — of a belfry, hdi ©c^alloc^ (-8, •^er); — in the wall, bie 9)?auer= Öffnung (-, -en), apologize, fic^ entfc^ulbigen. apothecary shop, bie 2lpotf)ef e (-, -n). apparatus, ha^ ^e^rmittel (-g, -). appear, erfc^einen (ie, ie), t)or=fom= men (fam, 0). appearance, bie (grfc^cinung (-, -en), bag Slu^fe^en (-Ö), ha% 33ilb (-eg, -er); make — , erf (feinen (ie, ie). apply, fi(^ rtiibincn {dat.). appoint, ernennen (ernannte, er- nannt) (ju). appointment, bie (Ernennung (-, -en), bie SSa^I (-, -en), apprehensive, bebenflic^. approach, fic^ nähern {dat.), im änjuge fein, approval, bie ^uftimmung (-, -cn). archbishop, bcr (Srjbifd)of (-«, ^e). archiepiscopal, erjbifc^öfUc^. architect, bcr 53aufünftler (-6, -), ber ^aumeiftcr (-ö, -). architectural school, bie 59aufc^utc (-, -n). architecture, bie 5lrc^iteftur' (-,-en), bie öaufunft (-, -e), bcr 33auftil (-eg, -c). area, bag Slreal' (-g, -c), bie Ober= fläche (-, -n), ber Umfang (-g, -e). arena, bie SIrena. arise, auf=fte^en (ftanb, geftanben), auferftef)en (erftanb, erftanben), austreten (a, e), auf=fteigen (ie, ic), entfte^en (entftanb, entftanben), [ic^ ergeben (0, 0). arm, bcr 2Irm (-eg, -e), (windmill) ber ^lügel (-g, -). armed, bewaffnet. army, bie Strmee' (-, -n), bag §ccr (-eg, -e). around, prep., um. arrange, orbnen. arrive, an^fommen (fam, 0), anfan- gen, gelangen (at, ju). arsenal, bag 3eugf)aug (-eg, -^er). art, bic Äunft (-, ^e); piece of — , bag Äunftmerf (-g, -e); — capi- tal, bie Äunftmetropole (-, -n); — center, bag Äunftjcntrum (-g, -tren); — city, bie Äunftftabt (-, ■^e); — exhibition, bie Äunftaug- [teKung (-, -en); — school, bie ^unftfc^ule (-, -n); — trade, ber tunft^anbcl (-g). article, bie ^ad^c (-, -n), bag !l)ing (-cg, -e or -er), artificial, fünftlic^. artist, ber Äünftler (-g, -). artistic, fünfticrifd); — life, bag Äunftlebcn (-g). as, adv. and conj., atg, luic, ba, lücil; — ... — , fo . . . iüie; — well — , fo mo^I . . ., a(g (aurf)); — many — , nirf)t ipcnigcr alg. ascend, inlr., l)iuauf=ftcigcn (ic, ie); tr., bcftcigcn (ic, ic). ashamed; be — , fid) fd)ämcn {gen.). ashes, bic '?lfd)c (sing.). aside, sur 5citc, bcifcitc, auf bic <2citc. ask, fragen; — about, fragen uad) . . . or über . . .; — for, fragen GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 137 urn, (=beg) bitten urn; — a ques- tion, cine ivragc ftcUcn. asleep, im 2d)lafc; be — , frf)lafcn (ic, a); fall — , cin=)cf)lafen (ic, a). aspiration, bic 2ct)n|uc^t (-). assassinate, (mcucftlingd) crmorbcn. assault, bcr ^21ngriff (-«, -e), bcr 3turm (-CÖ, -^c). assemblage, bie 33cr1amm(ung (-, -en), assemble, intr., fief) Dcrfammeln. assembly, bcr ?anbtag i-ci, -e). assent, bie 3uitimmung (-, -en), ber 58eifa(t (-Ö); nod — , beifä((ig nicfen. assert, geltenb machen, assign, ju=n)ci)cn (ie, ie) (dat.). assist, Reifen (a, 0) (dat.), (=sup- port) unter[tü^en; — to, Der= Reifen (a, 0) ('5U); — with, {)clfcn bei etroaö. assistance, bie ^ilfe (-), ber 33ei= ftanb (-eö, -^e). assistant, ber @ef)ilfe (-n, -n), ber Slffiftent' (college) (-en, -en), associate, ocrfcl)ren. assume, an=nc^men (a, genommen), jur 3c^au tragen (u, a), assurance, bic ^>cr|'id^erung (-, -en), astonish, erftaunen. at, prep., an, auf, bi^, 5U, nm. Atlantic, at(antiicf). attached; be — , an4)angen or an^^ängen (i, a) (dai.); become — , tr., lieb^geiuinnen (a, 0), jic^ an=j(i)üeBeu (0, 0) (to, an), attachment, bie 2(n^ängüct)feit (-) (to, an iv. ace). attack, an^greifen (griff, gegriffen), attainment, bie (Erreidiung (-,-en). attempt, ber i^eriud) (-^, -e). attempt, v., oeriud)en. attend, beiud)en, (med.) bel)anbe(n, bei=n)ot)nen (dat., the funeral), beforgen (the ringing), attendant, ber Siener (-§, -), bcr ^Begleiter (-«, -), [-en), attention, bic 'flufniertjamfcit (-, attic, bie 2)ad)ftubc (-, -n). attire, bic .ftleibung (-, -en), attire, v., flcibcn. attract, an=5ic()cn (jog, gejogcn), on» locfcn. attraction, bie tln^ic^ung (-, -en), attractive, an^icf)enb. attractiveness, ber Oteij (-c«, -c), bie Sln^ic^ungöfraft (-, ^c). August, bcr 3tugu[t' (-Ö). aunt, bic Jante (-, -n). Austria - Hungary, £)fterreic^ = Un* gam (-%). Austrian, adj., öfterreic^ifc^. Austrian, pers., ber Öftcrrcic^er H, -). author, ber 35crfafier (-Ö, -). autumn, bcr ^erbft (-c^, -c). auxiliary instruction, ber 5)itföun* terTict)t (-Ö); — science, bic ^ilf^roiffcnfc^aft (-, -en), avail, nüt3cn {dat.), f)clfcn (a, 0) (dat.). avenge (one's self on . . .), (fic^) rä(5en (an w. dat.). average, ber 1^urcf)fc^nitt (-0, -e). avoid, Dermeiben (ic, ie). await, erraartcn. awake, erroacficn. awaken, erroecfen, auf^mecfcn. away, fort, meg, entfernt, awe, bic 2cf)eu (-). awful, furcfitbar. ax, bic 51 jt (-, ^e). Babelsberg Castle, ba3 33abcl«bcr» ger 2d^loB. back, bcr 9?ücfcn (-S, -). back, adv., jurücf. back-door, bic .»ointcrtiir (-, -en), bad, fc^lecf)t, fc^Iimm, üocV 138 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION bag, bcr 53eutel (-ö, -). bake, braten (ic, a), röftcn. bale, bcr 33attcn (-Ö, -). ballad, bie 53anabc (-, -n). ballroom, bcr 33a((fad (-Ö, -[ä(e). band, bie Xruppe (-, -n), bcr §au* fen (-g, -). bank, baS Ufer (-Ö, -); — of clay and sand, bie ?e^m= unb ®anb* tüanb (-, -^e). banner, bie ^al^ne (-, -n), baS banner (-«, -). baptism, bie Jaufe (-, -n). baptize, taufen, barbed wire, ber (Stac^elbratjt (-eg, -e). bare, blofe, nacft. barefooted, barfuß, bark, bie 9?inbe (-, -n). bam, bie ®d)cune (-, -n). barrel, ta^ ^a^ (-eä, ^er), bie 2:onne (-, -n). barren, unfru(f)tbar. basil, sweet — , ha^ 33afilifum (-Ö), bag iöafiücnfraut (-eö, -^er). basin, hai ^ccfen M, -). basis, bie 0runb(age (-, -n). basket, ber ^'orb (-co, -e). bathing facilities, bie iSabegetegen^ l^eitcn. bathroom, baö ^abcj^immcr (-Ö, -). battalion, ba^ SataiKon' (-Ö, -e). battle, bie ©d^Iac^t (-, -en). battlefield, ba^ ©c^Iac^tfelb (-eö, -er). Bavaria, ^al)crn (-ö). Bavarian, adj., baljrifcf). Bavarian, pers., bcr !öal)cr (-n, -n). be, fein (war, gcmcfen). beach, ber Straub (-c8, -e), baö 0?)c[tabe (-Ö, -). beam, bcr iöalfcn (-Ö, -). beam (of the sun), ber Strat)! (-e8, -en), bear, ber 53är (-en, -en), bear, v., ertragen (u, a), tragen (w, a), gebären (a, o) (a child); — witness, 3cugnig ablegen, geugen; — fruit, Jriic^tc tragen, beast, ba^ Xier (-e^, -e). beat, fc^lagcn (u, a); — back, guriicf^ fcf)lagen; — down upon, auf . . . ^crab=fct)cinen (ie, ic); — oflf, ab' f(^lagen, ',urücf4ii)Iagcn. beautiful, fctiön, ^crrlic^. beauty, bie 2cf)önl)cit (-, -en), because, bcnn, n)cil; — of, mcgen. become, mcrbcn (a or ttjurbe, o). bed, ba^ 53ett (-eä, -en). bee, bie Siene (-, -n). beech, — tree, bie 33ud^e (-, -n). beet, bie 9?übe (-, -n). beetle, ber Ääfcr (-S, -). before, prep., Dor; conj., e^e, bcoor; adv., Dorf)cr, früher, beg, bitten (bat, gebeten) (for, urn). begin, an=fangcn (i, a), (=under- take) unternehmen (a, unternom^ men), beginning, bcr 'Einfang (-Ö, -c), bcr beginn (-ö). behead, entf)auptcn, föpfcn. behind, prep., Winter; adv., ^inten. behold, fc^en (a, e). being, baö 2öcfcn (-ö, -). belfry, bcr Ölocfcnftuf)! (-eö, ^c). believe, glauben {dat. of pers.). bell, bie mode (-, -n). bell -purse, bcr Klingelbeutel (-8, -). bellow, brüllen, bellowing, baö C»^ebrüll (-«). belong, gcl)örcn {dat. of possessor, or ju), an^gc^örcn [dat.). beloved, geliebt, teuer, below, prep., unter; adv., unten; there — , ba unten; the people — , bie 9}?cnfd)cn bo unten, belt, ber OUirtcl [ ^, - ). bench, bie '-öanf ( -, -^c). bend down, intr., \\d} nicbcr=bcugcn. beneath, prep., uutcr. benefactor, bcr ilNOl)ltätcr ( -d, -). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 139 beneficial, fecjenörcic^, mo^ttätifl. benefit, nüljen {dat.). bent (upon), bcbadjt (auf w. ace). Berlin, Berlin (-Ö); adj., Jöerliner. berry, bic ^ccrc (-, -n). beseech, bctcn, flcf)cn. beside(s), prep., neben, . . . jur ©cite {dat. preceding), aufeer {dat.); adv., außerbem, überbieS, and), best, bc[t. betray, oerraten (ic, a), betroth, oerloben. betrothal, bie ^öcrlobung (-, -en), betrothed, pers., ber or bie 5$erlobte (-n, -n). better, beffer. between, jmifc^en. beyond, prep., ienfeitö, QU^er^alb; adv., briiben. biblical, bibtifc^. bid, befehlen (a, 0) {dat. of pers.). big, groß, bind, binben (a, u); — by oath, elblic^ oerpfUc^ten. birch, bie 53irfe (-, -n). bird, ber 33ogel (-Ö, ^). birth, bie ©eburt (-, -en); by — , Don ©eburt. birthplace, ber (s^eburt^ort (-eg, -e). bishop, ber 33ifc^o[ (-g, ^e). bitter, bitter, ^art, [trenge. black, fc^marj. blackboard, bie 3Sanbtafe( (-, -n). blacken, fdjmärjen; — ed, oerfofjlt. bless, fcgnen. blessing, ber ®egen (-g, -). blind, blinb. blood, bag 33Iut (-eö). bloody, b(utbür[tig. bloom, b(üf)en. blossom, bie S3(üte (-, -n). blossom, v., bliifjen. blow, blafen (ie, a), mefien. blue, blau, blueberry, bie ^eibelbeere (-, -n). blunt, [tumpf. board, bad 43rett (-e«, -cr). board (a ship), v., bcfteigcn (ic, ic). boat, ^a^ iöoot (-eö, -c or 53öte), ber Äaf)n (-eö, -^e). boatman, ber Schiffer (-«, -). body, ber ftörper (-«, -); ( = corpse) ber l'eid)nam {-^, -e); — (of people), bie 2d)ar (-, -en); — of instructors, ber l'e^rförpcr {-%, -). bombard, bombarbieren, befc^iefecn (0, 0). bone, ber Änoc^en (-ö, -); — s, bic (Gebeine, book, ha^ 33uc^ (-eg, -^cr). boot, ber Stiefel (-ö, -). booty, bie 33eute (-); take as — , erbeuten, bored; feel — , ?angert)cile l^abcn. botanical, botanifc^. both, beibe, bcibeg; — and . . ., fomo^l . . ., alg (auc^) . . . bottom land, bie ^f^ieberung (-, -en), bough, ber ^voiio, (-eS, -e). bound, adj., see duty; — for, be= ftimmt nac^. bound, v., bcgrenjen. boundary, bie (^renjc (-, -n). bouquet, ber Strauß (-eg, -^e); little — , h(x^ Straufec^en (-g, -). bourgeois, adj., biirgerlid); — cen- ter, ber biirgerlidie 3}Zittelpunft (-eg, -e). bow, beugen, bowling-alley, bie Äegelbal^n (-, -en), boy, ber Änabe (-n, -n), ber 3unge (-n, -n), ber 33urf(^c (-n, -n). boyhood, bie Änabenjeit, bic Äin^= ^cit. brain, bag ©e^irn (-g, -e), ber Äopf (-eg, -e). brambles, bag ©eftrüpp (-g, -c). branch, ber 21 ft (-eg, ^c), ber ^m\% 140 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION (-eg, -e), bag ^ac^ (-eg, -er) (of study), ber ?ef)rsn)eig (-g, -e) (of teaching), bie ^ilbtcilung (-, -en), bie i^iliale (-, -n) (commercial); —es, bag 9?ei[ig (-g) (dry wood). Brandenburg gate, bag iöranben* burger Xov (-eg). brave, tapfer, füf)n, brcift, freimütig, bravery, bie Xapferfeit (-), ber SDZut (-eg). Brazil, 33rafilien (-g). bread, bag 33rot (-eg, -e); — and butter, bag 33utterbrot (-g, -c). break, bredjen (a, o); — forth, log-brec^cn; — in, unterbrechen; — out, ang=bred)en; — up, jtören. breathe, atmen. Brennaburg, bie S3rennaburg (-), Sranbcnburg (-g). brewery, bie Brauerei (-, -en), bride, bie 33raut (-, -e). bridegroom, ber S3räutigam (-g). bridge, bie ^rücfe (-, -n). brief, furj. bright, ^e((, ftra^Ienb, glänjenb; — red, fnadrot, glanjenb rot. brighten, iulr., fid) er()e(tcn. brilliant, glänjcnb. bring, bringen (brad)te, gebracht). British, englifc^. broad, iDeit, breit, bronze, adj., et)ern. brood, brüten, brook, ber Sac^ (-eg, -e). broom, ber 33efen (-g, -). brother, ber ^ruber (-g, ■^). brow, bie Stirn (-, -en), brown, braun. Brunswick, 33raunf(^lT>eig (-g). buckwheat, ber 33uc^n)eijen (-g). bud, bie Änofpe (-, -n), bie 33lüte (-, -n). build, bauen, anlegen, auf=fül)ren. building, bag Wcbiiubc (~-g, -), ber 33au (~g, -ten), t)a^ Söaucn (-g), bag Söaumefen (trade) (-g). bunch of blossom, ber 33lütcnftrauB (-eg, -^e). bundle, bag 33ünbel (-g, -). burden, bie ?aft (-, -en), bureau, ber 2Bäfd)ef(:^ranf (-g, -e). bum, brennen (brannte, gebrannt), öerbrennen; — down, — to the ground, nicber^brenncn. burning, bag brennen (-g). burst, burc^brcc^cn (a, o), bury, begraben (u, a), bush, ber ^ufc^ (-eg, -e). business, bag (^3cfc^äft (-g, -e); coll., bie gcfd)äftlic^en 2lngelegenf)eiten; bie ^ixma (-). bust, bie 53üfte (-, -n). busy, tätig, gcfc^äftig, rührig; be — with, arbeiten an {dal.). but, aber, allein, fonbem, nur, (nic^tg) alg. buttercup, bie $Ranunfe( (-, -n). buy, faufen. by, prep., burci^, üon, megen, bei; adv., Dorbei. bystanders, bie Umftef)enben. cackle, fd^nattem. call, ber iHuf (-eg, -e), ber Slufruf (-«, -e). call, V., rufen (ic, u), nennen (nannte, genannt), berufen (ic, u); be — ed, genannt mcrben, ^ci^en (ie, ei); — for, nad)=fragen; — to, — out to, ju^rufcn {dat. of pers.). calling, ber iöcruf (-g, -e); — of teacher, ber 'i^c^rbcruf (-g, -c), bag Vcbrfad) (-g, ^er). can, fönncn (fonnte,gcfonnt), mögen, candidate, ber ilanbibat' (-cn, -en). canc, ber ^Stoif (-eg, -^e). cannon, bie .Vfanone (-, -n). capable, fällig, im ftanbe; bc — , fünnen. GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 141 capital, bic .^auptftabt (-, ^c). capsize, um^fc^Iagen (u, a), captain, ber Äapitän' (-«, -c), ber Hauptmann (-ö, -leutc) (in the army), captivfty, bie ©cfangcnfc^aft (-). capture, fangen (i, a), gefangen mf)= men (a, genommen), ein-ne^men, erobern, erbeuten, care, bie Sorge (-, -n); take — of, pflegen, care, v. (for one), fic^ (für jemanb) intcrefficren; mögen (module, ge= moc^t). career, bie Karriere (-, -n), baö Söarfiötum (-Ö). careful, forgfältig, forgfam. caress, Uebfofen. caricature, bie Äarifatur' (-, -en); art of — , bie Äartfaturfunft (-). carr\', tragen (u, a), bringen (brachte, gebracht); — adrift, treiben (ie, ie); — away, meg^raffen, fort^fii^ren; — off, fort^fc^ieppen, entführen; — on, Quö^üben; — out, au^= führen; — with one's self, mit fic^ forttreiben (i, i). can-e, fdiniljen. case; in — , fall^, toenn. cast, njerfen (a, 0), gießen (0, 0) (the bell); — down, adj., nicber* gefc^Iagcn. castle, bie 53urg (-, -en), ba^ Schloß (-eg, -^er). catch, ber ^^^g (-c^^ -05 rnake a — , einen ^ang tun (tat, getan), catch, v., fangen (i, a), cathedral, ber 3)om (-cS, -e); the — of Cologne, ber Kölner 3)om. Catholic, fat^o'Iifc^. cattle, baa S3ief) (-eg). cause, bie Urf ad)e (-, -n), ber örunb (-eg, -^e), bie Sacfte (-, -n). cause, v., berurfac^en, oeranlaffen, ma^en, bereiten, laffen (ie, a). caution, bie 33orfi(^t. cavalr}', bie .iiaoallerie' (-), bic 9?ci* terei (-, -en). cave, bic vSpöf)lc (-, -n). cease, auf=^örcn. celebrate, feiern, celebrated, adj., berü{)mt. cellar, ber .fteller (-g, -). cemetery, ber ^rieb^of (-g, -"-c). census, bic 35olfg3ä{)Iung (-, -en), cent, ber Gent (-g, -g). center, ber i)J?ittelpunft (-g, -e), bag Centrum (-g, -tren). central, mittler; Central Germany, 9JiitteIbcutfcf)Ianb. centur}', ha^ 3Qf}rI)unbert (-g, -e). certain, ficf)cr, gemiß. certificate, bag ^^ugnig (-feg, -fe); — of graduation, bag SIbgangg- ^eugnig (-feg, -fe). chair, ber ^tu^l (-eg, ^e). challenge, bie ^eraugforberung (-, -en), challenge, v., forbern, ^eraug^for* bern. chance, ber Buf^^ (-^/ ^0/ ^^^ 9}^öglic^feit (-, -en); by — , in-- fätUg; by mere — , burc^ reinen chance, v. (upon), öerfalten (oerfiel, a) (auf w. ace). chancellor, ber 9ieic^gf angler (-g, -). change, ber SSec^fel (-g, -), bic Snberung (-, -en), bie 33cränbe- rung (-, -en), change, v., oerrtanbein, önbem; iulr., \id) änbem. channel, ber .^anal' (-g, ^e). chapel, bie Äapel'Ic (-, -n), bag .^irc^lein M, -). chapter, bag .tapi'tel (-g, -); ber Stbfc^nitt (-g, -e). characteristic, c^arafteriftift^, eigen» tümlic^ (of, dat.). chariot, ber Äöniggmagen (-g, -). charm, ber didi (-eg, -e). 142 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION charming, anmutig, anmutcnb, xtu jmb. charter, htv ^^reibricf (-Ö, -e), ba« "ilJriDilecjium (-«, -gien). chase (for), bie 3agb (narf)) (-, -en), chat, plaubern, Derp(aubcrn. cheek, bie SSange (-, -n). cheer, erfreuen, cheerful, fveunbfidi; l)eiter. chemistry, bie ^^cmie' (-). cherry, bie Äirfc^e (-, -n); sour — tree, ber SQaum mit [auern ^ir= fc^cn. chest, bie Xxu^t (-, -n). chestnut, bie ^aftanie (-, -n); — tree, ber .^a[tanienbaum (-S, -^e). chicken, boo §u^n (-eS, ^er). chief, ber .^ciuptUng (-8, -e), ber Slnfü^rcr (-ä, -). chief, adj.; — thing, bie .^aupt* fac^e (-, -n). chiefly, Porne^mtic^, ^auptfäc^lid^. child, baS tinb (-eö, -er), childlike, finblic^. choice, bie 2Ba^I (-, -en). choice, adj., öorjüglic^. choir, baö S()or (-Ö, ^e) (arch.), ber (Sängcrd)or (-3, -e) (mus.). choose, h)ä^lcn, ern)äf)len. Christ, (ber) (E^ril'tuö {gen. (S()ri[ti). Christian, ber (Sfjrift (-en, -en). Christian, adj., c^riftlic^; — God, ber (£^ri[tcngott (-eö). Christianity, ha^ G^riftentum (-Ö). chronicle, bie (£f)ronif (-, -en). church, bie Älrc^e (-, -n). church attic, ber Äirc^cnbobcn (-ö, -). church tower, ber ilirc^turm (-«, ■^e). churchwarden, ber ^ir(^öatcr(-«,^). churchyard, ber ^ird^^of (-Ö, -^e). circle, ber Ärciö (-eö, -e). circular, frcifcnb. circumstance, ber Umftanb (-e§, -"-c). city, bie (Stabt (-, •«•e). civil, bürgerlid^; — service, ber Staatöbienft (-e«, -e); — war, ber 43ürgerfrieg (-ö, -e). civilization, bie3iDiliiation' (-, -en). clad, gefleibet. clasp, [cf)UeBen (o, o), umarmen, classic, flafi'ifc^. clay, ber Jon (-eö, - ); ber ?ei)m (-e8). clean, reinigen, clear, beutU^, ftar. clerical, geiftlid^. climate, baö ÄUma (-8, -tt or -ta). climb, tr., er[teigen (ie, ie); intr., flettcm. cling, flcbcn; — (to), fe[t=f)altcn (ic, a) (an w. dat.). clod of soil, bie (Srbf cootie (-, -n). close, adj., eng, bumpf, bunftig (air); — by, na^e bei; — to, bid^it bei. close, v., [(^ließen (o, o). cloth, bag Xud) (-eö, -^cr); — es, bie Kleiber {plur.), bie ^leibung (-, -en). clothe, fleiben. cloud, bie iBoIfe (-, -n). club, ber Änüttel (stick) (-8, -). club, ber tlub (-8, -8), bie ©cfett- jc^aft (-, -en). clubhouse, ba8 £lubf)au8 (-e8, ^er). clumsy, ungcfc^icft. cluster, ber or ba8 iöüfd^el (-8, -V coal, bie i?ol)(c (-, -n); — mine, ba8 Äo{)lcnbergrt)crf (-8, -c); — soot, ber to^lcnru^ (-c8). coast, bie Äüftc (-, -n). coat, ber 9?ocf (-c8, -^c). colTce, ber ilaffee (-8). coin, prägen, cold, bie f iiltc (-); {med.) bie (Sr= fältung (-, -en); catch — , [ic^ eine (5rfältung gu=jicT)en (jog, ge« jogcn). cold, adj., fait, collect, fammcln, j^ufammcn linngcn (bracf)te, gebracf)t). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 143 collection, bic Sammlung (-, -en). collective, gefamt. Cologne, Äölii (-d); adj., Cologne, of Cologne, Äölucr. colonist, bcr ^^Ui[ieblcr (-Ö, -). colony, bie Colonic (-, -n). color, bie J^tbc (-, -n). column (soldiers), bcr ipeer^aufe (-ltd, -n). come, fommcn (tarn, 0); — back, 5urücf=fommcii; — near, na^ ^cr= au-fommcn; — out, ^crauö-fom=^ men; ^ over, iibcrfommcn; — to, jum '^eiDUBtfcin fommcn; — upon, entbecfen. comfort, tröften. comfortable, bequem. comfortingly, trö[tli(^, tröftenb. comic paper, bad SSil^blatt (-[ejö, -er). command, bcr S8efe^( (-Ö, -e). command, v., bctef)Ien (a, 0) (dat. of pers.), fommanbieren. commander, bcr 5Infü^rer (-S, -). commence, beginnen (a, 0), dxi' lieben (0, 0). commerce, ber ^anbel (-Ö), ber ^anbe(3oerfe^r (-S). commercial academy, bie ^anbclö- afabcmie (-, -n), bie ^anbe(d= fc^uIe (-, -n); — center, h(xi ^anbeU^entrum (-0, -tren); — industry, ba3 .*panbe(ött>efen (-ö), ber -Spanbel (-Ö); — trade, ha^ .^anbeldgemerbe (-d, -). commission, bie 33e[taltung (-, -en), bie 0[fijierö[te((e (-, -n). commodity, bie SBare (-, -n). common, gemein, gcmö^nlid), niebrig; have in — , gemeinfam ^oben. commons, ber @emeinbcanger (-S,-). commotion, bie Stufregnng (-, -en), bag Slufl'e^en (-Ö). community, bie ©emeinbe (-, -n). compact, gebrängt. companion, ber @efel(e (-n, -n), ber ©ct'äljrte (n, -n), ber Begleiter (-Ö, -). company, bic öcfctlfc^oft (-, -en), bic Begleitung (-, -tn). compas.sion, ha^ 9Jiitleib (-0;, hai DJatgcfti^l (-d). comy)el, jmingen (a, u); be com- pelled, muffen (muffte, gemufjt). competition, bcr ifficttftrcit (-Ö, -e). complacent, n3o()(gcfä(iig, be{)aglic^. complain, flagcn, \\.d) bcflagcn. complaint, bic Ä(age (-, -n); with- out — , ol)nc 9Jiurrcn, of)ne ju murren, complete, v., DoUcnbcn. complete, adj., oollftanbig, bo(f- fommen; — ly, ooUenbö. comply with, erfüllen, compose, ücrfaffcn, bilbcn (the choir), comprise, bereinigen, begreifen (be= griff, begriffen), umfaffen, ent= galten (ie, a), comrade, bcr Äamerab (-en, -en), ber (^enoffe (-n, -n), ber (^kfäf)rte (-n, -n). conceive, auö^benfcn (backte, ge= bac^t), cntmcrfcn (a, 0). concentrate, fonjentriercn, fammcin; — d, gefamt. conception, bie Huffaffung (-, -en), ber Begriff (-«, -e), bie 33or= ftettung (-, -en), concern, an^ge^en (ging, gegangen), flimmern, conclude, fc^lie^en (0, 0), bcfc^liefeen. condition, ber 3u[tanb (-eö, -c), bie Sage (-, -n), bie Befc^affcnl^eit (-, -en), ha^ 33erf)ältniö (-fed, -fe), bie Bebingung (stipulation) (-, -en), conducive, förberlic^ (to, dat.). conduct, auö^fü^ren, betreiben (ic, ie) (a trade), conductor, ber ®d)affner (-Ö, -). cone, bcr S^Pfen (-Ö, -). 144 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION confer, öerlei()en (ie, ie) (dat. of pers.). confidant, bcr 33ertrautc (-n, -n). confidence, ba^ 33ertrauen (-6), hai 3utrauen (-Ö). confidential, öcrtrauUc^. confiscate, ehvjie^en (gog, gebogen), congregate, intr., [ic^ sufammen* rotten, congruity, ber Cfinflang (-Ö, ^e). conjecture, bie 33ermutung (-, -en), connect, oerbinben (a, u); be — ed (with), gehören (ju). Conrad, Äonrab (-ö). conscious, beiüufet (of, gen.). consecrate, ftiei^cn. consecration, bie (Sintt)eif)ung (-, -en), consent, bie (Einmütig feit (-), bie 3u[timmung (-), bie ßinmifügung (-, -en). consent, v., cin=h}i((igen. consequently, folglicf), folgerid^tig. conservatism, bie 5^euerungö[d^cu (-). consider, bebenfen (bebac^te, be= bad)t), l^dtcn (für) (ie, o); be — ed, gelten für (a, o). considerable, betrac^tlid). consideration, bie ä^ücffid^t (-, -en), consist (of), befielen (au3) (beftanb, beftanben). consolation, ber Jroft (-eö). constant, beftänbig, fortgcfe^t. Constantine, Äonftantin (-g). constitute, bilbcn. constitution, bie 33erfaffung (-, -en), construct, auf=fü()rcn. consume, gcbcaud)cn, öcr.^c^ren, ,ju* bringen (brad)te, gcbradjt) (time), contact, bie !!Öcrü()rung (-, -en), bie 33erbinbung (-, -en), contain, enthalten (ie, a), contemplate, bcab[id)tigen. contemj)lative, befc^auUd). contempt, bie 33erac^tung (ior.gen.). continent, ber Continent' (-g, -e), baö j^eftlanb (-eg, -^er). continual, fortn)ä()renb. continue, iutr., fori=fa()ren (u, a); tr., fort'feljen, fort=fü()ren. continuous, fortgefe^t, an^altenb. contradict, miberfpredjen (a, o) {dat. of pers.). contribute, beitragen (u, a) (to- wards, gu), ein4egen. contribution, ber 53eitrag (-Ö, -^e), bie 58ei[teuer (-, -n), bie (s)abc (-, -n). convenience, bie S3equemli(^feit (-, -en), convert into money, gu @elb ma= ci^en. convey, beförbem. convince, überzeugen, überfül^ren. cook, fod^en. cooking-school, bie Äod^fd^ule (-, -n). cool, fü^I. cooperative, genoffenfc^aftUd^. copse, bag 33orl)ol5 (-eg, -"-er), coral, bie ÄoraKc (-, -n); — island, bie Äoradcniufcl (-, -n). comer, ber SBinfel (-Ö, -). cornflower, bie Kornblume (-, -n). Cornwall, (Sornmalüö. correct, richtig, corresponding, cntfprcc^cnb, cost, foften. costly, foftfpielig. cottage, bie ^üttc (-, -n), bad ^ftugd^en (-«, -). counsel, bcr dlat (-cd, -^c); take — , ratfd)lagcn. counsel, v., ratfd^lagcn, (fid)) be-- roten (ie, a), count, ber Öraf (-en, -en), countenance, bad iHntlilj (-cd, -c). countess, bie C>h-äfin (-, -nen). country, bad Vanb (-cd, -^cr or c), bie vSpcimat (-); — scat, bad Vanb- GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 145 gut (-«, ^cr); — town, bic ?anb= [tabt (-, -e). couple, Dercinen. course, ber \?auf (-co, ^c), bcr ®ang (-eö, ^e), bcr l*ct)rgang (-g, -^c); of — , natürlich; — of study, bcr (Stubicngang i-i, -^e); drive off its — , Dcrjc^lagcn (u, a); take a — , n)citcr=gc()cn (ging, gegangen), court, ber ^of (-c«, ^c); at — , am §ore. courteous, ^öfUcf). courtier, bcr Höfling (-g, -c). cover; under — , gcbccft. cover, v., bccfen, bebecfcn, umfaffcn. covering, bic X)ecfc (-, -n), bie Qiw banbbccfe (-, -n). cow, bie .^ui) (-, -^e). coward, bcr ^eiS^i^Q (-^^ -0- cowardice, bie Jcig^cit (-). crackle, rafc^cln, fni[tem. cranberry, bie ^reißelbeere (-, -n). cranny, bic (Ecfe (-, -n). crash, ber Irac^ (-6). crawfish, bcr trcbä (-c^, -e). crawl through, burc^=frieci^cn (0, 0). create, fc^affcn (fc^uf, a), er[cf)affen, ein=ri(f)tcn; — d, adj., erfcf}affcn. creation, bie Sd^öpfung (-, -en), bai (Sr^eugnig (-feS, -fe). Creator, bcr 2cf)öpfer (-§, -). creature, baö (^cfc^öpf (-e^S, -e), 'Ha^ Söcfen (-«, -). creek, ber ^aä) (-e§, -^e), bag ^tüBcficn (-«, -). creep through, burd^fricc^cn (0, 0), tr. criticize, frttificrcn, beurteilen, croak, fräc^^cn. crop, bie (Smte (-, -n) (of, an w. dat.). cross, ba^3 Äreu^, (-eä, -e). cross, v., quer burc^ . . . ge^cn (ging, gegangen), cross-bow, bie $Irmbru[t (-, -^c). crosswise, freu^rocifc. crowd, bic (groRc) 5(^ar (-, -en); — of boys, bic itnabenfdjar (-, -en), crowded, gebrängt DoIl. crowding together, bai gcbrangtc 3uiammcnn)of)ncn. crown, bic Ärone (-, -n). crucifix, bad Ärcuj (-eg, -c), bag ^rujifif' (-C3, -e). crucify, frcujigen; crucified, pers., ber ©cfreu^igte (-n). cruel, unbarm^erjig, graufam; — ly, graufam. cruelty, bic (^rau[amfcit (-, -en), crusade, bcr Ärcu^jug (-d, *e). crush, jcrmalmen. cry, bcr iKuf (-co, -c). cr}', v., fdjrcicn (ie, ic), rufen fie, u). crystal palace, ber (^ladpalaff (-«, -e). cuckoo, bcr Äucfucf (-«, -e). culminate, gipfeln, cultivate, pflegen, cultivation, ber 2Inbau (-g); — of the soil, ber gelbbau (-Ö). culture, bie Silbung (-, -en), ber SInbau (-S), bie ^15flege (-). cunning, bie Sc^lau^cit (-). cunning, adj., fc^lau, Uftig. cup, bic Joffe (-, -n). cur, ber .Köter (-ö, -). curious, feltfam, merfraiirbig, fon- berbar. curl, bie Socfe (-, -n). customar\', üblic^. cut, fc^nciöcn (fc^nitt, gcfd^nittcn), {)aucn (^ieb, au), abbauen, mäl)cn (mow); — down, fallen; — off, ab=f(^neibcn; — one's way through, fic^ burc^^fämpfen. daily, täglich . damage, ber Schaben (-«, Unveil (-g). 0, bad 146 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION damp, feu(i)t. danger, bie ©efa^r (-, -en). Daniel, (ber) Daniel (-Ö). dare, bürfen (burfte, geburft). dark, bunfel, finfter. darken, inir., \i(i) oerfinftern. darkness, bie X)unfcl()eit (-, -en), hai !SunfeI (-g); — sets in, eö bunfelt. dash, ftürjen, fprengcn (= gallop), fcf)lagen (u, a) (against, gegen), date, ber ^eitpunft (-6, -e). date, v., baticrcn. daughter, bie lochtet (-, ^). daw, bie So^Ie (-, -n). dawn, bie (9)iorgen05)äminerung (-, -en), day, ber Jag (-eS, -e); —light, ha^ 2ageölirf)t (-Ö); the —'s work, bie täg(id)e i^Irbcit (-, -en), dead, adj., tot, auögcftorben. dead, pers., ber Xote (-n, -n). deadly, töblid). deal out, aug^eilen. dean, ber 2)efan' (-Ö, -e). dear, lieb, teuer. death, ber Job (-eö); — rate, bie ©terblic^fcit (-). decade, baö ^a^qe^nt (-e^, -e). decide, entfd)eiben (ie, ie), bcfi^Ue^en (0, 0), fic^ entfd)liei^en (0, 0). deck, baö 35erbecf (-Ö, -e). declare, erflären, auö^rufen (ie, u) (SU). decline, ber 33erfa(l (-Ö). decline, v., inir., nad)=laffen (ie, a), ab=ne^men (a, genommen), declining, öorgerüdft. decrease, ab=net)mcn (a, genommen), dedicate, n3ei()cn {dal. of pers.), deed, bie Xat (-, -en). deep, bie Xicfe (-, -n). deep, adj., tief, defect, ba^ Wcbred)cn (-8, -). defender, ber 5i "O- dwell, l^aufcn. dwelling, — house, bic iBobnung (-, -en), ba8 3Bo^nl)au8 (-c8, ^cr). dwindle, ab=ne^mcn (a, genommen), fid) Dcrringern. dynasty, bie X)l)naftie' (-, -n); the Hohenzollem — , ha» ^au» ^oljcnjoncrn. £ each, icbcr, — c, — e8; — other, ein« anber, fic^. eager, gcfpannt, eifrig (lover). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 149 ear, baS O^r (-co, -en). earlv, friif); — poems, ^ugcnbgc» bi'd)te {pliir.). earn, erroerbcn (a, 0), ocrbicncn. earnest, eru[t, aufrichtig, earth, bie Grbe (-, -n); on — , auf earthly, irbiicf). [Grben. earthquake, ba§ (Srbbebeii {-^, -). ease, bie 9iut)e (-), ber 2öot)lftanb east, ber Cfteii (-^, -); East Prus- sian, oitpreußüd); — of, öltlic^ oon. Easter, bie Cl'tent iplur.), hn^ Ol'terfei't (-eg, -e). easy, leicht; on — terms, unter leichten ißebingungen. eat, effen (aß, gegcffcn). eating-house, bag Speife^aug (-eg, ■^er). ebb, bie ^hht (-, -n). ecclesiastic, ecclesiastical, firc^- lic^. echo, ha§ (Sd^o (-g, -g). economic, (DoIfg)it>irtfcf)aftUc^. economical, öfonomifcf), n)irt|(^aft= lief). edge, ber 9?anb (-eg, ^er), ber Saum edifice, bag (^ebäube (-g, -), ber 33au (-g, -ten), editor, ber öerauggeber (-g, -). education, bie (?rjief)ung, ber Un= terric^t (-g), bie Slugbilbung. educational establishment, bie Un= terric^tgani'talt (-, -en), effective, njirffam. effort, bie 5In[trengung (-, -en), bie SIrbeit (-, -en), bie Betätigung (-, -en), ba^$ Beftreben (-g). e.g., sum 33ei|piel (3. B.). egg, ha^i (si (-[e]g, -er), eight, ac^t. eighty, ac^tjig. either . . . or . . ., entmeber . . . ober . . .; teilg . . . teilg . . . elapse, Dorüber-gc^cn (ging, gc» gangen). Elbe, bie (5tbe (-). elderly, ältlic^. elect, roäf)len. elector, ber Äurfürft (-en, -en), electricity, bie (Slcftrijitaf (-, -en), elegant, fein, fc^ön. elevation, bie .aö 'ütuge (-d, -n); ber 55Iict F fagade, bie ^^affabe (-, -n). face, ha^ ©efic^t (-ed, -er). facilities, günftige Ci^elegen^eitcn iplur.). fact, bie Jatfadie (-, -n). faculty, bie ^^afultät' (-, -en). fairly, faum, jiemlic^, tatfäcf)li(^. fairv, bie gee (-, -n); tale, bad maxdftn (-d, -). faith, ber (^laube(n) (-nd, -n), bic ^Religion' (-, -en). faithful, treu, getreu. faithfully, getreulich. faithfulness, bie Jreuc. falcon-garment, ha^ J^lfcnfebcr* fleib (-ed, -er). fall, faUen (fiel, a), finfen (a, u); — asleep, ein-fcf)lafen (ie, a); — back on, (feine) 3^flucf)t nehmen ju . . .; — down, nieber=faUen; — in (with), 3ufammen=treffcn (traf, 0) (mit); — (into), geraten (ie, a) (in); — upon, überfallen. falter, irre^mac^en. fame, ber 9iuf)m (-d). family, bie 5°^"^'^^ (-> ~")» ^^^ ^aud (= dynasty) (-cd, -"-er). 152 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION famous, berüfimt. fancy, bie iM)anta[ic (-, -n). fancy, v., benfen (bacf)tc, gebac^t), fic^ benfen, fief) cin-bilben. far, meit, fern; adv., raeit; by — , bei meitem; as — as, fo meit al«. fare, get)en (ging, gegangen), crge{)en; how did you — ? lüic ging eö 3^nen?; — well, fief) gut befinben (0; u). farm, ber ^of (-e«, ^e), ha^ öe^öft M, -e). farmyard, ber Sauern^of, ber §of, baö öet)öft. farther, n?eiter. fashion, bie TloU (-, -n), bie @e= ftalt (- -en): bie %xt (-, -en), fast, adj., feft. fast, 1'., faften. fasten, befeftigen. fatal, Der{)ängniöoon, unf)eilootl. father, ber 5>ater (-g, ^). fatherland, ha^ 3?aterlanb (-eg, -^er). fathom, bie t (after (-, -n) (6 feet), favorable, günftig. favorite, ber IHebling {-^, -e); — son, ber ^iebling^fo^n (-g, ^c); — spot, ber ^ieblinggplalj (-eg, ^e). fear, bie gurcf)t (-). fear, v., fürd)tcn. fearful, furcf)tbar. feast-day, ber gefttag (-eg, -e). feature, ber Örunbjug (-eg, ^e). feel, fü()len, empfinbcn (a, u); iiür., fid) füllen; — bored, Langeweile ^aben. fellow, ber 33urfc^e (-n, -n), ber Ä^erl (-g, -c). fellow-countryman, ber Sanbgmann (-g, -leute). female, meiblicb. fence, ber ^ß"^ (-Ö; -so- fern, hai ^arnfraut (-g, -^er). fertile, frurf)tbar, crtraggfä{)ig. festal, fcftlid), fcierlid); — hall, ber ^veftfaal (-g, -fäle). festive, feftUc^. festivity, bie geftUc^fcit (-, -en). fettered, gefeffelt. few, menige; a — , einige, ein paar. fiddle, bie Öeigc (-, -n). field, bag gelb (-eg, -cr), bag &thkt (-g, -e) (of learning, etc.); — s, bie (^efilbe {pliir.)\ — of studies, bag Stnbienfelb (-eg, -cr). fifteen, fünfje[)n. fifty, fünfzig, fight, ber .^ampf (-eg, ^e); stop the — , bem Kampfe (Sinf)alt tun (tat, getan), fight, v., fömpfen, ftreiten (ftritt, gc= ftritten); — against, befämpfen; — on, ftieiter fämpfen; — one's way, fic^ burd)4c^lagen (u, a), figure, bie Öeftalt (-, -en); — of a saint, bie Heiligenfigur' (-, -en), fill, füllen, auffüllen, (= fulfill) cr= füllen; — in, aug^füllen. finally, enblic^, jule^t. financial, finanziell', finch, ber gint (-en, -en), find, finben (a, u); be found, fic^ finben. fine, fein, fc^ön, prächtig; — ly, ^err* lid); the — arts, bie 'fc^önen fünfte, finger, ber '^'m^ti (-g, -). finish, bcenbigen, Dotlcnben. fir, bie lanne (-, -n). fire, bag g-cucr (-g, -); take — , geuer fangen (i, a), firearm, bie Jvcuermaffc (-, -n). firebrand, ber J^cucrbranb (-eg, -e). fire-hook, ber Jveuerbafou (-g, -). fire-ladder, bie jycucrlcitcr (-, -n). firm, bie (^irma (-, -men), firm, adj., feft, fiif)er. first, adj., crft; adv., jnerft; {in enumeration) crfteng, crftlid). fiscal, figfalifd). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 153 fish, ber 5ifc^ (-(^, -OJ — dinner bag gifcfigcric^t (-«, -c). fish, v., nfcf)cn. fisherman, bcr Jifc^er (-«, -); —'s trade, bad 5i[cf)crc^cn)crbc (-Ö), bie gifc^iagb; —'s village, baö gifc^cr- borf (-0, ^er). fishing, bcr i5i|cl)tang (-g); — spear, bie t^i|d)gabcl (-, -n); — trade, bie 5ifd)crci (-, -en), fist, bie Sauft (-, ^e). fix, bcftimmen; — ed, fe[t, beftimmt. flame, bie ^^lamme (-, -n). flash, funfcln, bliljen. flatter, [cf)mci(^cln. flattery, bie 2cf)meic^elei (-, -en), flee, fUf^en (0/ 0). flight, bie gluckt; put to — , in bie gluckt fdjlagen (u, a); in — , pc^tig. flit, flattern. flock, bie 2c^ar (-, -en), floor, bcr guBboben (-g, ■^). flourish, gcbci^en (ie, ie), blühen, oormärtö^fommcn (fam, 0). flow, fücßcn (0, 0); — along, ba^in= fließen, flower, bie SBIunte (-, -n), bie Solute (-, -n). flush, plö^Uc^ erröten, flutter, flattern, me^en. fly, bie gliege (-, -n). fly, v., fliegen (0, 0). flying, ha^ 2}af)infliegen (-6). foam', ber 2cf)aum (-Ö, ^e). foam, v., fc^äumcn. fog, bcr ^ebc( (-g, -). fold, falten. foliage, bad ?aub (-eg). folk song, ha^ 35oIfglieb (-eg, -er). follow, folgen (dat.)-, — ing, adj.y folgcnb. fond; be — of doing, gem tun (tat, getan), mit 33orUebe tun. fondle, f)crjcn. food, bie ^Ja^rung (-, -en), bie (2pcife (-, -n); — and drink, Speife unb Iranf, Ciffcn unb Xrinfcn. fool, ber Xor {-en, -en), bcr Xumm= fopf (-g, ^e). foolish, töricht, foot, bcr guB (-eg, ^e); on — , ju i^ufe; set — into, betreten (a, e), tr. footboard, bag ^ufebrett (-g, -cr). footpath, ber S^Bweg (-g, -e). footprint, bcr i^ußftapfcn (-g, -). for, conj., benn. for, prep., für. forage, fouragieren, ^^utter ^olcn. force, bie öeroalt (-, -en), bie ©tarfc (-, -n), bie traft (-, -e); — (s), bie ttieggmac^t, bie Xrup- pen (plur.). force, v., jmingcn (a, u); — one's self, fic^ brängen; — one's way, fic^ einen SBcg bahnen, forcible, l)eftig. forehead, bie Stirn (-, -en), foreign, fremb, auglänbifc^. foreigner, bcr grcmbe (-n, -n), bcr Sluglänbcr (-g, -). foremost, üomcfjmft; adv., an crfter etellc. forest, ber SBalb (-eg, -er), ber gorft (-eg, -e or -en); — stream, ber 3Balbba(^ (-g, -c), bcr @e* birggbac^ (-g, ^e); — woman, bie SBalbfrau (-, -en). forestr}', bie gorftrairtfc^aft. forfeiture, bcr 33crluft (-g, -e). forget, Dcrgeffcn (a, e). forgive, öcrgcbcn (a, c). forgiveness, bie üBcr^^cifjung (-). fork -like, gabelförmig, form, bie ^orm (-, -en), bie ®e[talt (-, -en). fonn, v., bilbcn; be — ed, fic^ bilben. formation, bie Sgilbung (-, -en), former, frül)cr, ehemalig; the — , the 154 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION latter, bcr (bie, ha^) erftcre, ber (bie, ha^) (ctjtcrc. formerly, oorf)cr, früf)er. fortification, bie iöefe[tigung (-, -en); — s, bie i^cftungöroerfe (phir.). fortress, bie ^^efte (-, -n), bie gcftung (-, -en), fortune, ba^ Srf)icffal (-S, -e) (= fate), bad GHücf (-0). foster, beförbcrn. found, grtinben, an4egen, errichten, bauen, foundation, bie örunbfteinlegung (-, -en), bcr örunbbau (-6), ber ©runb (-eö, ^e), bie ©runblage (-, -n) (= basis); — stone, ber @runb= ftein (-g, -e). founder, ber «Stifter (-§, -), ber ©rünber (-ö, -). founding, bie ©riinbung (-, -en), bie Einlage (-, -n). foundr}', bie ©te^erei (-, -en), four, Dier. four-room, adj., öierjimmerig. fourteen, öier^e^n. fourth (part), ha^ S3iertel (-8, -). fox, ber ^uc^g (-c6, ^e). fragrance, ber 2)uft (-eg, ^e). fragrant, buftenb. France, ^^ranfrcic^ (-8). Franco-German, adj., franjöfifd^- beutfc^. frank, offen, freimütig. Frankfort, ^ranffurt (-Ö); on- the-Main, — am 'iIRain. Frederick, ^i^icbrid) (-Ö). free, v., befreien, free, adj., frei; set — , in j^rei()eit fe^en; — of charge, foftcnfrci. French, adj., franjöfifrf). French, pers., Frenchman, bcr i^ranjofe (-n, -n). frequent, ^äufig; adv., i)äufig, oft. fresh, frifcf). freshness, bie J^rifc^c. friend, ber ^i^eunb ( -c«, -c). friendly, freunblic^. friendship, bie ^^reunbfc^aft (-, -en), fright, ber 3cf)recfen (-8, -). frighten, er|d)recfcn, ängftigen. frightful, furchtbar, frog, ber grofrf) (-e8, ^e). from, Don, (=out of) au8; — ... on, Don ... an; — among, unter . . . föeg, au«, auö bcr Wittt, üon . . . iücg, öon . . . f)eraug. front, bie 33orbcrfeite (-, -n); in — of, oor, an; — door, bie ^auötür (-, -en). frost-giant, ber ^roftriefe (-n, -n). fructify, befruchten, fruit, bie gi^uc^t (-, ^e); — tree, bcr Obftbaum (-8, ^e), ber gruc^t* bäum (-8, -^e). fuel, bag 53rennf)oIj (-eg, -^er). fugitive, adj., flüd)tig; pers., ber ""glüc^tUng (-g, -e). full, öolt. fully, ööllig, öoKenbg. fun, ber Ba^ ^leib (-eö, -er). gate, ha^ Xox (-eö, -e), bie '^]3fortc (-, -n); keeper, ber 'il5ürtier (-«, -8). gateway, ber Jortüeg (-8, -e). gay-colored, bunt, gaze, blicfen; — after, nacf)=fc^en (a, e) (dat.); — at, an=[tarrcn; — down, t)inab4e^en (a, e), f)inab- [c^aucn. general, ber (General (-«, -e or -e). general, adj., altgemein. generally, geittö^nlic^, in ber 9?eget, im allgemeinen, generation, baö ©efc^led^t (-ö, -er), bag 2)?enfc^ena(ter (-8, -). genre painting, bie @enre=^SO?a(erei. gentle, fanft, leife, leicf)t. gentleman, ber öerr (-n, -en), ber 9}?ann Don ®eburt. gentlewoman, bie Sbelbame (-, -n). genuine, ec^t, rt)af)r. geographical, geograp^ifd^. German, adj., beutfcft; old — , dt- beutfc^; — Sea, bie Ü^orbfee. German, pers., ber ^eutfc^e (-n, -n). German (^language), bag !Deut[c^e. Germanize, nationalifieren. get (= receive), befommen (befam, o), erfjalten (ie, a), (= fetch) ^olen; — along well, gut ge()en (ging, gegangen) {impers. w. dat. of pers.); — away, fort^fommen (fam, 0); — back, jurücf=fommen (fam, 0); — into, ^incin=fommen (fam,o) (in), f)inein--ge(angen (in); — off (well, badly), (gut, |d}(ec^t) baöon^fommen (fam, 0); — ready, [ic^ (ctmad) ,^urcd)t=mac()eu. giant, ber iKicfe (-n, -n). giantess, hai ^Jiicfenincib (-c«, -cr). gift, bad Ci)efc^cnf (-8, -c), bie Öabc (-, -n). gifted, begabt, gigantic, ricfcn^aft, mäcljtig. gild, öcrgolben. gird, gürten. girl, h(x^ iWäbc^en (-8, -). give, geben (a, e); — expression, 5Iu8brucf geben (to, dat.); — rise to, Derurfac^en; — up, ausgeben (a, e). giving, bie (Srteilung (-, -en), glad, frol); I am- — , e8 freut mid^, ic^ freue mic^. gladden, begllicfen. gladly, gem (e.g. I — do it), mit t^reube; most — , fef)r gem. glance, ber SlicE (-8, -e). glaring, glanjenb, blcnbenb. glass, "iiok (^la8 (-e8, -^er). glisten, glänzen, glitter, glänzen, funfetn. globe, bie Grbe (-, -n). gloomy, trübe, finfter. glorify, oerf)errlid)en. glor}-, bcr 9?ut)m (-8). glove, ber §anb[c^u{) (-8, -e). glow, glüf)en. gnat, bie MMt (-, -n). go, ge^en (ging, gegangen), hjanbein; — aboard, an iöorb ge^cn; — along, mit=ge{)en; — away, fort= gef)en; — down, l)inunter=ge()en; — forth, au8-gef)cn, iüciter=geben: — on, ttjeitcr-ge^en, im @ange fein; — out, au8=ge^cn; — to work, an8 SBerf gel)en; — up, fteigen (ie, ie). goal, ba8 ^\d (-e8, -e). goat, bie ^iege (-, -n). god, ber @ott (-e8, ^erV 156 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION goddess, bie ©öttin (-, -nen). gold, bag ©olb (-eg). golden, golben. good, gut; — nature, bic 0utmütig= feit; what — would it do me? mag mürbe cö mir f)e!fcn? good-for-nothing, ber ijaugenic^tg (-eg, -e). goose, bie ®ang (-, -^e). Gothic, got^ij'cf). govern, regieren; — ing power, bie Üiegierungggcroalt (-, -en), government, bie 9?egierung (-, -en), governmental; — work, bag 9ie^ gierungggeld)äft (-g, -e), bag (Staatggcfdjäft (-g, -e). grace, bie Slnmiit, bic Sc^önf)eit (-). grade, ber 9iang (-eg, -e). gradually, a((mä()(ic^, langfam, nad^ unb nacf). graduation; certificate of — , bag Slbganggjeugnig (-[eg, -)e). grain, bag (betreibe (-g, -); — field, bag .Kornfelb (-eg, -er), bag ©e= treibefelb (-eg, -er); — sheaf, bic ©arbc (-, -n). grand, l^errlid^. grandfather, ber 63rofetiater (-g, ^). grant, gemäljren (dat. of pers.). granting, bie S5erleif)ung (-, -en), grape, bie Xraube (-, -n). grapevine, bie 9iebe (-, -n). grass, bag Örag (-eg, ^er). grassy, grafig; — ridge, ber 9?ain (-Ö, -e). gratitude, bie T^anfbarfeit (-). gravel pit, bie Äieggrubc (-, -n). gray, grau. great, gro§; — ly, fef)r. Great Britain, örof^britannicn (-g). Greek, ber Örie(f)e (-u, -n). green, grün, greet, grüJ3en, begrüben, grief, ber Summer (-g, -), ber ©ram (-g). grieve, fid) grämen, trauern. ground, ber SBoben (-g, ^), bie Grbc (-, -n); — floor, bag (Srbgefd)oi] (-eg, -c). group, bie ©ruppe (-, -n), bic 9icif)c (of poems). grow, intr., mac^jen (u, a); /r., pflanjen, jie^en (jog, gcjogcn), l ausbauen; — out of, entfteljcn : aug . . . (entftanb, entftanben); — i up, auf=n)aciE)fen, {)eran=n}ac^[cn, \ entfielen. ; grown, adj., ermac^fen. ; growth, bag iBad)|en (-g), bic 2In= pflanjung (-, -en), ber Slnmuc^g (-eg, -e). '■ grudge; bear a — , mißgünftig [ein {dat.). gruff, grob, rau^. guarantee, geinäl)r(eiften. guard, bie SSad)e (-, -n), bic ®d)ilb= mac^e (-, -n); keep — , S53ad)e galten (ie, a); — house, bic ißac^e (-, -tt). guard, v., bemac^en, befc^ü^cn. guest, ber ©aft (-eg, ^e). guide, ber gü^rer (-g, -). guide, v., lenfen, fteuern. guild, bie ©ilbc (-, -n), bic ^vm\i {-, -e). guinea, bic ®uinee (-, -n). Guinea, ©uinea. gulden, ber ©ulben (-g, -). gun, "i^Qi^ Ökfc^oß (-eg, -c). g}'mnasium, bag (^Qmnafium (-g, -ficn). hair, bag .*paar (-eg, -e). half (part), bie .spiilfte (-, -n). half, adj., ^alb; — broken, ^albge* fprcngt; — dead, ()albtot; by — , urn bie f)älfte. hall, bic vSpalle (-, -n), ber 3aal (-c«, eäle). hammer, ber .'oamincr ( g, ^). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 157 hand, btc . tun laffen (ic, a). hay, baö ^cu (-eö). head, ber ^opf (-eg, -^e), baö .^aupt (-eö, -er); — of a department, ber Slbteilungdc^ef (-g, -S), ber 2tbteiIungd=95or|it'Cnbc (-n, -n); come under the — , jum (Gebiete . . . gel^ören. headgear, bie Äopfbebedfung (-, -en). health, bie (Skfunb^eit (-, -en), bad iöcfinbcn (-«); good — , ba« iBol)ibcfinben (-6). healthy, gcfunb. heap, bcr .'öaufc(n) (-nö, -n). hear, prcn. hearer, bcr v'pörcr (-g, -). heart, bad .^cr^ (-end, -en); lose — , ben 9)hit Dcrlicrcn (0, 0); know by — , auömcnbig miff en (muRtc, gc* mußt), auömcnbig fönncn (fonntc, gefonnt); — of man, ha^ DJZen» fc^cn^crj (-enö, -en). hearty, ^cr^Iicf). heat, hit c^i^e. heated, f)eiB. heathen, ber -.'pcibe (-n, -n). heavenward, adj., ^immclmärtö ge= richtet. heavy, fc^ircr, ftarf, bi(f}t. heel, bie gerfe (-, -n); take to one's — s, t^erfengelb geben (a, e). height, bie §ö^e (-, -n). help, bie ^ilfc (-, -n). help, -z'., Reifen (a, 0) {dat.). henceforth, fortan, üon ic^t an. Henry, .^einric^ (-Ö). herd, bie öerbe (-, -n). here, f)ier. heretofore, biöfang. hermit, ber Ginficbler (-d, -). hero, ber ^elb (-en, -en). heroic, ^elben^aft; — size, bie Über= lebcndgrößc. heron, ber 9ici^er (-Ö, -). hesitate, jögem. Hesse, ^pcffen (-ö); Darmstadt, §cffen=5^armftabt (-d). Hevelda, bie .^aöc(. heyday, bie golbene ^d\, bie 58(üte^ geit (-, -en\ hide, bad ^cU (-cd, -c). hide, v., öerbcrgcn (a, 0). high, f)oc^; — art, bie fc^öne Äunft (-, ^e); — school, bic $orf)fc^uIc (university rank) (-, -n). 158 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION hill, ber .^ügel (-ö, -); — country, bag ^ügcllanb (-c^, -^er). hinder, ()inbeni, öcrt)inbcrn. historical -])hilosophical, l^i[tori[c^= history, bie Öcfc^idjtc (-, -n); gen- eral — , bie SBcllgefc^id^te (-, -n); — of Saxony, bie fä(f)[i[c^e @c= fc^ic^te. hit, treffen (traf, o); — upon, fom= men auf (fam, o). hither, f)crbei. hold, ber or= [tellung (-, -en), ideal, ibeaC. if, roenn, ob; as — , aid mcnn, aid ob. ignite, geucr fangen (i, a), üi, übel. ill-disposed, übelgefinnt (to, dat.). illtreat, miBf)anbcln. ill-treatment, bie iüt'iB()anblung (-, -en), illuminate, beleuchten, erleuchten, illustrate, illuftrieren. image, ba^ ^ilb (-eö, -er), imagination, bie ']?l)anta[ie (-, -n). imagine, benfen (backte, gebacf)t), {)altcn für . . . (ic, a), \i6) (dat.) ein=bilDcn. imbued, burc^brungen (with, Don), immediate, unmittelbar, angrenjenb, näcf)i't; — ly, fofort. immovable, unberoeglic^. impart to, geben (a, e), Derlei^en (ie, ie), bringen (brachte, gebracht), bei= bringen (dat. of pers.). impel, auftreiben (ie, ie); impelled, beroogen, angetrieben, implore, an=fle^cn (for, um), importance, bie 2Bicf)tigfeit (-, -en), bie iSebeutung (-, -en). important, n)icf)tig. imposing, anfef)nUc^. impossible, unmöglich, impressiveness, bie (Sinbringlic^feit. improbable, unn3af)rfc^einlic^. impulse, ber eintrieb (-e^, -e), bie 3Inregung (-, -en). in, in; — and out, nac^ innen unb nacf» aufeen; — so far fas), fo meit (alö). incessant, unauf^örlicf). inclose, ein=f erließen (0, 0), um= fcf)IieBen (0, 0); — d, befefet (by, mit), included, einbegriffen, mit (Einfc^Iuß (gen.). income, baS ßinfommen (-d, -), ber Sebenduntcr^alt (-d). incomparable, unöergleic^lic^. incomplete, unooltenbet. increase, ber 3"^^^^ {-^^)f bie 3una^me (-, -n). increase, v., 5u=nef)men (a, genom* men), roac^fen (u, a), fiel) aud- bef)ncn; tr., Dermef)ren, ert)ü^en. indeed, in ber Jat, rDa{)rUc^, mirflic^. independence, bie 3elbftänbigfrit, bie Unabt)ängigfeit. independent, frei, unabl)ängig; — ly, unabbängig Don anbem. index, ber 3nber (-ed, -e). index finger, ber 3rigefinger {-%, -). Indian, ber 3'ibianer (-d, -). indicate, an^5eigen. indication of life, ta^ Scbendjeic^cn (-«, -). indifferent, gleichgültig, indigenous, einf)eimif(i^. indignation, bie (Sntrüftung (-). induce, beraegen (0, 0), Deranlaffen. inducement, bie ^Inrei^jung (-, -en). industrial, inbuftricH'; — center, bie gabrifftabt (-, *e); — school, bic (^emcrbefcfiule (-, -n). industry, bie 3nbuftrie' (-, -n), ber (^en3erbfleiB (-eö), ha^ (bewerbe (-Ö, -). inevitable, unoermeiblic^. inexhaustible, unerfc^öpfüc^. inexorable, unerbittlich, inferior, geringer, infernal, nerteufelt. influence, ber (EinfluG (-ed, -^e), bic (Sinroirfung (-, -en). inform, benarf^ric^ttgen. information, bie i)Jac^ric^t (-, -cn), bie Slu-Sfunft (-, ^e). inhabit, ben3of)nen. inhabitant, ber Ginraofjner (-§, -). inject, ein=fpril3en {dat. of pers.). inlet, bie iöuc^t (-, -en). innumerable, ja^lloä. inoffensive, ^armlo^, argtoä. inquire, fragen (into, nac^), fic^ er« i6o GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION funbigcn (noc^), nac^^forfc^cn (dat.), nad)=fragcn. inquisitive, neugierig, inscription, bie 3n[cf)rift (-, -en), insipid, fabe. inspire witli, ein=flößen. instance, ha^ 33ci)'piel (-g, -e); for — , pm 53cifpiel (5. 53.). instead of, ftatt, anftatt {gen.). institution, bie 2ln[talt (-, -en), instruction, ber Unterricht (-«, -e); aid to — , ha^ l'ef)rmittel (-Ö, -). insufficient, unjurei^enb. insurance, bie 55er[ic^erung (-, -en), intact, unoerfet)rt. intellectual, gei[tig. intend, beabfic^tigcn. intent, bebac^t (upon, auf w. ace). intercourse, ber 53erfe^r (-8). interest, baö Gntereffe (-g, -n), ber 33orteil (-8, -e); in the — of, pm 53e[ten (gen.)-, take — in, ®e[a((en [inbcn an (dat.). interesting, intcreffant'. interior, bag innere, inneres (adj. noun); ber ^i^uenraum (-8, -^e) (room), interrupt, nntcrbred)en (a, 0). intertwine, burcf)f(cc]^ten (0, 0). intimate, innig, eng, bertraut, intim', intrenchment, bie 33erfc^an5ung (-, -en), introduce, (Singang toerfc^affen (dat.), mit [id) bringen (brad)te, gebracht), introduction, bie (Ein[ü{)rung (-, -en), invade, ein=faUen (fiel, a), invasion, ber ©infalt (-8, ^e). inventive power, ba^ Gr[inbungö= öermögen (-8). investigate, nntcr[ud)en. investigation, bie Unterfud)ung (-, -en), bie ^Vorfd)ung (-, -en), invite, eingaben (u, a), involuntary, unfrciiüilUg, unlDinfür- invulnerable, unöcnounbbar. iron, baö Gifen (-§, -); — mine, baö (iifenbergimerf (-8, -e); — city, bie Gifenftabt (-, ^e). iron, adj., eifern. irresistible, unmiberfte^Uc^. island, bie 3ixfel (-, -n). Italy, Italien (-«). ivory, baö Glfenbein (-Ö). avelin, ber Söurffpie^ (-eö, -c). ealousy, bie Gifcrfuc^t. ocular, fpayig, luftig, fc^erj^aft. oin, teiUne^mcn (a, genommen) (in, an w. dat.), öerbinben (a, u), f)in= gu^ügen; be — ed, fic^ anschließen (0, 0) (to, dat. or an w. ace); — together, jufammen=fügen, an= einanber^fiigen. jokingly, fc^crjenb, im Sc^erj, jum (gd^erj. Joshua, 3ofua (-Ö). journey, bie 9?eife (-, -n). journey, v., reifen, gießen (jog, gc= gegen), joy, bie i^reubc (-, -n). joyful, fro^, fro^Uc^. judicious, flug, ücrftänbig. jug, ber ^rug (-eö, ^e). jump, fpringcn (a, u). June, ber 3uni (-8). jurisprudence, bie ^uriöprubenj', bie 9?ed)te (plur.). just, adv., gcrabc, foeben. justice, bie (^erecfitigfcit (-, -en); do — to some one, jemanbem fein 9?ed)t n)iberfa^rcn laffen (ie, a). Kaiser, ber taifer (-8, -). Kaiserglocke, bie ilaifcrglocfe (-, -n). keen, fd)arf, lebbaft, bcftig (anxiety). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION l6l keep, galten (ic, q), bef)alten (retain) (ic, a), Qut=ben)a^rcn (preserve); — guard, i2Sacf)c l)Qlten; — silent, fd^meigcn (ie, ic). keeping, ba^ .*öaltcn (-Ö). key, bcr 2cf)lü[fel (-d, -). kill, töten, erlegen (game), kind, bie 2Irt (-, -en); of various — s, t)cr[cl)iebener 2lrt, mancherlei, kind, adj., gütig, frcunbUc^. kindness, bie @ütc. kindred, bie 33erronnbten (plur.). king, ber Äönig (-^, -e). kingdom, ha^ Äönigreic^ (-«, -c). kingly, foniglic^. kinsfolk, coll.j bie SSerwanbtfc^aft. kiss, fiiffen. kitchen, bie ^ü(^c (-, -n). knee, ba^i Änie (—3, -e or -). kneel, fnien; — do\\'n, nieber=fnien. knife, ba^ DJJeffer (-3, -). knight, ber Dritter (-g, -). knightly, rttterlic^. knock, flopfen. knocker, bcr Klopfer (-6, -). knoll, bie 5ln^ö^e {-, -n), ber ^ügel M, -). know, fennen (fannte, gefannt), iriffcn (muBte, geraunt), knowledge, ba^ SSil'fen (-€), bie Äenntniä (-, -fe), bie Siffcnjcfiaft (-r -en), known, adj., befannt; the best — , ber (bie, bad) bcfanntefte. knuckle, ber Änöc^el (-g, -). labor, bie 2{rbeit (-, -en), laborator}', bai Laboratorium (-§, -rien). laborious, müf)i'am, arbeitfam (= industrious), lady, bie Xamt (-, -n). lake, ber See (-3, -n), ber Xdd) (-eö, -e) (pond). land, ba« ?anb (-c«, ^er or -c); — ed estate, bad li ammergut (-«, -»er), land, v., lanben. landing place, ber Lanbungeiplat} (-ed, -^e). landscape, bie Lanbi'd^aft (-, -en), landward, lanbroärtö. language, bie Sprache (-, -n). lap, ber 2c^oB (-ed, ^e). larch, bie Lär^e (-, -n). large, groß. largely, in großem Umfange, last, adj., leljt, öorig; at — , juletjt, enblic^. last, v., bauem, tuä^ren. lastly, ?(^licBlic^. late, [pat; of — , in ber legten S^^^f le^ti)in, fiirjlic^, jung ft, ncuerbingd. lately, fiirjlic^. Latin, adj., latcinifcf); — school, bie ?atein)c^u(e (-, -n), bie flaffifc^c (Schule (-, -n). latter, [pater; the — , ber (bie, ba^) leljtere. laugh, lachen. laughter, ba^ C^eläc^ter (-€, -). law, bad (^ei'e^ (-ed, -e), bie SSer* orbnung (-, -en), ba€ dit I GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION i6s fommen (fam, o), [icf) treffen (traf, o), fid) Dcrfammcln; befriebiflcii, erfüllen (a promise); — death, ben Xob finbcn (a, u). meeting, bie '-yerfamnilunfl (-, -en); — place, bcr 3aniniclpunft (-Ö, -e). melancholy, frf)iüermütifl. melodious, mclobifrf), n)o[)lf(ingenb. melody, ber 5?(ang (-eö, ^c). member, baö iOhtgUcb (-eg, -er), memory, baö (s)ebäcf)tnig (-feg), bag Slngebcnfcn (-ö). menial, gemein, niebrig. mention, ermähnen, nennen (nannte, genannt), merchant, ber 5t aufmann (-g,-Ieute); ber £aufl)err (-n, -en); — prince, ber §anbelgfiirft (-en, -en). mere, nur, aUcin, bloß, merit, hai ^-Berbienft (-eg, -e). mermaid, bie Seejungfer (-, -n), bie giije (-, -n). merry, fröt)lirf), luftig; — ily, luftig, mesh, bie 3)?afc^e (-, -n). messenger, ber 55ote (-n, -n). metal pipe, bie DJZetairpfeife (-, -n). method, bie 93?et^o'be (-, -n). metropolitan, adj., erjbifc^öftic^. middle, bie iDHtte (-); (with nouns) Wind—; — ages, bag 3}?ittelalter (sing, only); — class, bie dJlitttU flaffe (-, -n); — class school, bie 5[)?ittelf(^ure (-, -n). midst, bie Wittt; in the — of, in= mitten (gen.), mitten in . . . mien, bie Witnt (-, -n). might, bie 9)?a(^t (-, ^e). mighty, mächtig, gemaltig. Milan, 9}?ailanb (-g). mild, milb(e). mile, bie 50? eile (-, -n). military, folbatifd). milk-white, milc^meiß. mill, bie 9J?ü()(e (-, -n). milk-r, ber ^JhlKcr (-g, -). million, bie iUiilUon' ( -, en). mind, ber (^eift ( -cg, -er), ber 3inu (-cg, -e). mind, v.; never — , bag ift einerlei, bag mac^t nic^tg, lafj eg gut fein, mine, bag iöergmcrf (-g, -c). mine, pron. adj., mein, bcr (bic, bag) meinige. mingle, Dcrbinbcn (a, u); is — d, öerbinbet fic^. minimum; at a — cost, ju ben niebrigften 'i^rcifcn. mining, ber 53ergbau (-g). minstrel, ber Sänger (-g, -), ber Spielmann (-g, -leute). minute, bie 932inutc (-, -n). miracle, bag SSunbcr (-g, -); per- form — s, SBunbcr tun (tat, ge= tan), miraculous, rounbcrbar. mischief, bcr Unfug (-g). miserable, elcnb. misery, bag (Slcnb (-g). misfortune, bag Ungliicf (-g), bag 9}?iBgefcf)icf (-g, -e), bie §eim= fud^ung (-, -en), miss, miffen. missile, bag SBurfgefc^oB (-eg, -c). mistake; be mistaken, fic^ irren, mistletoe, bie Wi\td (-, -n). mix, mifc^en. mixture, bie DJHfc^ung (-, -en), mock, nac^^a^men. model, adj., mufter^aft. moderate, mäf:äg, mittelmäßig, modem, mobem', I)eutig, feljig, neu, neuerlid}, neuer; — languages, bie neuem 2prad)en. moment, ber 3lugenb(icf (-g, -e). IMonday, ber 9J?ontag (-g, -e). money, bag ©e(b (-eg, -er), monk, ber Wöni) (-eg, -e). monotonous, eintönig, month, ber Womt (-g, -e). monument, ta^ '3)enfmal (-g, -"er 1 66 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION or -c); — sculptor, ber Denfmal^ iÖiIb()auer (-ö, -). moon, ber SOJonb (-eg, -e). Moorland, SOJoorlanb (-g). moral, moralifrf), fittlic^. morality, bie 9}ioral', bie 3ittUrf)fcit. morals, good morals, bie ©efittung. Moravia, SD^ä^ren (-ä). more, mcf)r. moreover, überbieg, morning, ber 9)2or(^cn (-Ö, -). morsel, ber iöiffen {-%, -). most, mei[t; adv.^ am meij'ten, fcf)r; for the — part, c^rö[]tenteiIg, l^auptfäc^(i(^; at — , l)öc^[teng; — of all, am aKermeiften. mostly, mei[teiig. mother, bie !i)Jhitter (-, ^). motion, bie 53ciDegung (-, -en), motion, v., rtinfen {dat?}, ^u^lüinfen {dat.). motionless, unbelDeglid^. mountain, ber 33crg (-eg, -e); coll., — s, bag (^3ebirge (-g, -); — chain, bag ©ebirge (-g, -), bie (^ebirgg^ fette {-, -n); — giant, ber Serg= riefe (-n, -n). mountainous, bergig, bergel^od^ (A^-)- mourn, trauern, mouth, ber 2)?unb (-eg, ^er or -e), bag 9)kul (-eg, ^er); bie 9}?ünbung (-, -en) (of rivers). move, Ir., bemegen (o, o or reg.); intr., fief) belegen; — along, — on, meitcr=gef)en (ging, gegangen), fief) ineiter belegen; — down, !)inab=ge^en. movement, bie 53emegnng (-, -en); artistic — , bie ^i'unftbeiregung (-, -en). much, öiel; adv., fef)r; as — as, fo Diel alg. mulberry tree, ber SO^auIbccrbaum (-g, -c). mule, bag 2y?aultier (-g, -c). multitude, bie 9[J?enge ( -, -n). Munich, SWiinc^en (-g); adj., 2)?ün= cf)ener. municipal, ftäbtifc^. munificent, freigebig. murderer, ber 3}?örber (-g, -). museum, bag iDiufeum (-g, -fcen). mushroom, ber '^ilj (-eg, -e). music, bie a^fJufif (-), bag Spiel (-g, -e); band of — , bag 3)?ufifforpg (-, -). musical, njo^Iffingenb, melobifc^, fang- bar. musk-leaf, bag 9[)?ugfat'blatt (-g, ^cr). must, muffen (mußte, gemußt). mutter, murmeln. mythology, bie 3)?l)t^o(ogie' (-, -en). name, ber 9lame or 5^amen (-eng, -en); by — , nameng. name, v., nennen (nannte, genannt), nameless, unnennbar. Napoleonic, napolconifd). narrow, beengt; — s, bie 9J?eerenge (-, -n). nation, bie Station' (-, -en), bag 33oIf (-g, -er). national, national', öatcrliinbifrf); — feeling, bag ^^tationalgefübl (-g). native, adj., einf)cimifcf), l)cimatUd); — land, bag initerlanb (-eg, -^er). natural, natiirlid); — science, bie '9^itur>inffcn|d)aft (-, -en), naturally, natiirlid), felbftöerftänblic^. nature, bie OMtur' (-, -en), ber CSl)araf'tcr (-g, - or -e); good — , bie CMutmiitigfeit. nave, bag 2d)iff (-g, -e); — of the church, bag ilird)cnfdnff (-g, -c). near, adj., nal)c; prep., bei, nal)e bei; adv., bancbcu, in ber "i)iiil)e; — by, adj., nat)c, bancben ftebenb; — by, adv., nahebei, in ber "Oifibe, wa^v. GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 167 come — , na^ ^cran=fommcn (fam, 0). nearly, faft, beinahe, neat/reinlid), faubcr, orbcntUc^. necessar)', notroenbig, er[orbcrli(^, nötig, need, bic ^lot (-, ^e); there is great — for something, ctiüo^ ift fc^r nötig; be in — of something, ctmaö bcbilrfcn (beburfte, beburft), nötig i)abm. need, v., brauchen. negro, bcr ^Dicgcr {-^, -), bcr Sc^marje (-n, -n). neighbor^ bcr 'Dlac^bar (-Ö or -n, -en), neighborhood, bic "DMdibarlcfiatt (-, -en), neighboring, benachbart, na^e. neither, pron., feiner, — e, — t^]adv., — . . ., nor . . ., ttieber . . ., noc^ . . . nephew, bcr ^Dleffe (-n, -n). nest, bag '?kft (-co, -er). nest, z'., ni[tcn. net, ba^3 0ht3 (-eä, -e). Netherlands, bic Olieberlanbe. never, nie, niemals. nevertheless, tro^bem, bod), ieboc^. new, neu; — bom, neugeboren. newly, jung ft. news, bic '!)iad)rid)t (-, -en); sad — , bie Unglücföbotfcöaft (-, -en), next, näc^i't; adv., junäc^i't (to, dat. preceding). Nibelungen, bie Nibelungen iplur.). nice, t)übidi. [ber 9?aci)t. night, bie :)lad)t (-, "e), at—, in nightingale, bie D^acf^tigatl (-, -en), nine, neun. nineteenth, neun^e^nt — . ninety, neun^jig. no, adj., fein; adv. and interj., nein, noble, ebel, prädjtig, ^errlic^. nobody, niemanb. nod, nicfen. noise, 'ba^ @eräu[c^ (-eö, -e), ber ?ärm (-Ö). none, pron., fein. nook, bcr iBinfel (-Ö, -). noon, ber 9Jiittag (-«, -c). noose, bic 2ct)lingc (-, -n). Normandy, bic ^3iormanbic' (-). Norse, norbifd). north, bcr 'Diorben (-Ö); North Ger- man, adj., norbbcutfc^. northeast, bcr gf^orboi'tcn (-d); a J;., norböi'tUc^. northern, nörbUc^. nose, bie 9?a[e (-, -n). not, nid)t. notably, Dor aKem. noted, adj., befannt. nothing, nic^t^. notice, bemerfcn. noticeable, auffäUig, bcmerflid); be- come — , fic^ bemerflic^ machen. novel, bie SioDclle (-, -n). now, je^t, nun. nowadays, ^eutjutage. nowhere, nirgenbö. number, bie 3a{)I (-, -en), bie 3In= ja^I (-, -en), bie 9)2 enge (-, -n). number, v., säf)(en; be — ed, jä^len (among, ju). numerous, ^a^lreic^. Nuremberg, ijcümberg f-ö). nurse, pflegen, groB=jic^en (gog, ge= sogen). nut, bie "iJtuB (-, ^e). oak, bie (Sic^e (-, -n); — beam, ber (Sid)enpf often (-6, -). oath, ber (Sib (-e«, -e); by — , ciblic^. oats, bcr Safer (-€); field of — , ba« ^afcrfefb (-eö, -er), obedience, ber ©c^orfam (-8). obedient, gcl^orfam. obey, gcf)ord)cn (dat.). object, ber (5)egcnftanb (-co, -^e), bic 3ac^e (-, -n), ber 3*üecf (-co or -Ö, -e), ha^ (Snbjicl (-«, -e). 1 68 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION object, v., ctma« cinjurDenbcn ^aben (to, gegen); not — , nicf)t6 einju= menbcn 1:)ahm (to, gegen), oblige, öcrbinbcn (a, u), oerpfüc^ten; be obliged, mü[[en. obsen'e, bemerfen. obtain, erlangen, erzielen, er{)alten (ie, a), occasion, bie (Gelegenheit (-, -en), bie 3Seran(a[[ung (-, -en) (= cause), baö (greigniä (-fe«, -je) (=event). occasionally, biömcilen, gelegentlich, occupation, bie 33cfc^äftigung {-, -en), bie Xätigfeit (-, -en), bie 33efi^na^me. occupy, bcfc^öftigen, ein=ne{)men (a, genommen), bemo^nen (a house), occur, öor^fommen (fam, o) (hap- pen), ein^fallen (fiel, a) (a thought) (dat.). ocean, ber Ojean (-g, -e), baS 9J?eer (-eg, -e). odor, ber (Gerud^ (-g, ^e). offer, ber Slntrag (-g, ^e). offer, v., an-bieten (o, o), [id) erbieten (o, o), öor4rf)lagen (u, a) (=pro- pose), opfern (sacrifice), leiften. offering, baS Opfer (-g, -). officer, ber Offijier' (-Ö, -e). official, ber S3eamte (-n, -n). often, oft. old, alt. on, adv., heiter, fort; prep., anf, an. once, einmal, einft, fonft, früher; at — , fofort, anf einmal, fogleirf); — more, nocf) einmal, njicberum. one, ein, indef. man; no — , fein, niemanb (nobody), only, adv., nur, allein, crft; not — , but (also), nic^t nur, fonbcrn auc^; adj., einjig. ooze, fliegen (o, o). open, adj., offen, frei, freimütig, ge= öffnet (to, dat.); — sky, ber freie ^immel (-d); in the — , im freien ^elbe, im ^^reien. open, v., öffnen; — up, erfcf)ließen (o, o); — ing up, bie (^rfc^ließung (-, -en), operate, in S3etrieb f)aben. opinion, bie 9)?einung (-, -en); be of the — , ber 3Jieinung fein, opponent, ber (Gegner (-ö, -). opportunity, bie (Gclegcnl)eit (-, -en), oppressive, briicfenb, beengenb. order, ber ^efef)l (-0, -e); give — s, 33efel)l geben (a, e); in — to, um ju. order, v., orbnen. organ, bie Orgel (-, -n). organize, organifieren. origin, bie (Entfte^ung (-, -en), ber beginn (-ö, -e). originally, urfpriinglic^. originate, entfielen (entftanb, ent= ftanben). originator, ber Segriinber (-8, -). ornament, bie ^iei^öe (-, -n). ornamentation, bie Ornamentierung (-, -en). orphan, bie 2öaife (-, -n). orphaned, Dcrmaift. other, anber; another, ein anbercr; one an — , each — , einanber. otherwise, fonft. ought, follen. out of, auö. outward, adj., äufeer; — appear- ance, bag ?iu[Kre (-n). outworks, bie 51ufeenn)erfe {plitr.). oven, ber Ofen (-g, ^). over, adv., über, mcf)rmalg, ( = past) oorbei, Dorübcr; prep., über, overboard, über iöorb. overcome, übcnoinbcu (a, u), overlook, überragen. overtake, cin=f)olen. overthrow, über bcu \iaufen iDcrfen (a, o). owe, frf)ulben {dal. of fyrrs.), banfcn {dat. of pcrs.), öcrbaiifen (to, GERM.\N PROSE COMPOSITIUN IÖ9 dat.)] owing to, in '^o\Q,t (Don or gen.). owl, bie Gulc (-, -n). own, adj., eigen, eigentümlich (pe- culiar). own, v., bejiUen (befaß, bcjeffen). owner, ber i8e|il?er (-d, -). ox, ber Oc^fe (-n, -n). pagan, adj., ^cibnifc^. paint, malen. painter, ber MoXtx (-g, -). painting, bie SDJalerei (-, -en). pair, 'ba^ "i'aar {-t%, -e). palace, ber ^ßalaft' (-eö, -c), hai Schloß (-eg, ^er). pale, blaß. Palestine, '^]}aläi'tina (-«). pang, ber Scftmerj (-eg, -en), bag SBe^ (-g); give some one a bitter — , einem einen 3tic^ ing ^er^ geben (a, e). papal, päpi'tlic^. parallel, bie 5J[f)nlid)fett (-, -en); without a — , o^ne öleic^en. parch, oerjengen, aug-trocfnen. parental, elterlicf). parents, bie Gltern (plur.). parish, bie ']?farre (-, -n). park, ber 'l.^arf (-g, -g or -e), bie i|3arfanlage (-, -n). parliament, bag ^Parlament' (-g, -e). parson, ber 'l?farrcr f-g, -). parsonage, bag "pfarrliaug (-eg, ^er). part, ber Jeil (-eg, -c), bie 9?ollc (-, -n) (role); — , — , einige, anbere; take — , teil=nel)men (a, genommen) (in, an w. dat.) part, v., trennen, partially, tcilroeije, ^um Xeil. participate, tcil=ncf)men (in, an w. dat.) (a, genommen). particular, eigentümlich; in — , in«» befonberc. party, bie "^JJartei' (-, -en), pass, gcl)cn (ging, gegangen), oorbei* ge^en, dr.) bei'tct)en (beftanb, bcftam ben) (examination), ^erum=gel)cn laffen (ie, a) (the snutT-bo.x, the bell-purse), oerlcben, l)in=bringen (bracbtc, gebracf)t) (time); — by, Dorübcr=gef)en, ( = ride past) Dor- bei-fa^ren (u, a) (bei, an); — out, oerlaffen (ie, a); — through, burc^=pafiieren; it comes to — , eg trir'ft I'ic^ (treffen, traf, 0). passing-bell, bie 3terbeglocfe {-, -n). past, adj., le^t; adv., öorbei, Dor= über. pastime, bie Unterhaltung (-, -en), bie iöefc^äftigung (-, -en). pastor, ber "^^.^farrer (-g, -), ber *ipaftor' (-g, -en). pasture, bie SBeibe (-, -n), bie ,.^utung (-, -en). path, ber ^fab (-eg, -e), ber ®teg (-eg, -e). patience, bie @ebulb (-). patient, gebulbig. patois, ber ^^ialeff (-g, -c). patriotic, patriotifc^. patron, ber "']3atron' (-g, -e), ber Sc^irm^err (-n, -en); — saint, ber 2c^u|patron (-g, -e). pattern, bag SDJufter (-g, -), bag 5?orbi(b (-eg, -er). pause, bie '^^T^aufe (-, -n), bie iESeile (-, -n). pay, bie iöe^aljlung (-, -en). pay, v., beja^len, lof)nen; — for, be^a^len. payment, bie iSc^ablung (-, -en). peace, ber 55riebent) (-ng, -n). peacefully, frieblic^, fanft. peak, ber ®ipfel (-g, -\ bie 5pitje (-, -n). peal, tönen, fc^allen. lyo GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION peasant, ber Saucr (-^ or -n, -n). peculiar, eigcntiimlicf). peculiarity, bic (SigcntiimUd^feit {-, -en). pedal, baa ''^Jcbd' (-g, -c). peep out, {)eriuiv i"ft)aiien. peer, f)erau^=)rf)auen, gucfen. pen, ber Stall (-e3, -e), ber (Sc^roci^ nefobcn (-g, -). penetrate, ein-brlngen (o, u) (in . . .). penny, ber '^^f^nnig (-Ö, -c). pension funds, bie *ißenfionöEa[[en {plur.). pensive, gebnnfenöod, nac^benfUc^. people, bag ^olf (-^, ^er); plur. coll., bie l^eute, bie 5D?cn[d)cn; grown — , bie örmacfifenen, bie ©ro&en. perceive, Derne^mcn (a, öernommen), erfennen (erfannte, erfannt), be= merfen. percent, bag ^ro^ent' (-Ö, -e); adv., auf ha^ .f)unbert. perfect, öodfommcn, ooirenbet; — ly, üöIUg, gänjUc^. perform, beforgen, tun (tat, getan), performance, bie (Erfüllung (-, -en), perhaps, öicllcic^t. period, ber Zeitraum (-g, ^o), bie !Dauer. perish, ;^ugrunbc gct)cn (ging, ge- gangen), um=fommcn (fam, o). permanent, bauernb, bcftiinbig, fort= bauernb. permission, bie (Srlaubniö (-, -fe). permit, erlauben {dat. of pers.), ge= [tatten {dat. of pcrs.). persecute, ocrfolgcn. person, bie '']3erfon' (-, -en); in — , pcrfönlic^, felbft. perspiration, ber <3rf)mri[? (-eö). perturb, erfdjiittern, irre niad)cn. Petrarch, *!l3etvarca {-•&). pew, ber .^1rd)cn[tul)l (-Ö, ^e). pharmacy, bic '].M)arnia,^ie'. philology, bic ''].>l)ilologie'. philosopher, ber ^(jilofop^' (-en, -en), philosophical, p^ilofop^ifc^. physical, p()l)ufalii"c^. physician, ber %x\\. (-eg, -^e). physiognomy, bie ip^qfiognomie' {-, -n). pickerel, ber §ec^t (-3, -e). picture, ha^ iöilb {-ti, -er), ^Cii ©emälbe (-ö, -) (painting), picturesque, malerifc^. piece, bad 2tücf (-ö, -e); — of art, bad Äunftmerf (-d, -e). pierced, burd)bo[}rt. piety, bie grommigfeit. pig, bad ©djmein (-Ö, -e). pile, ber 6paufe(n) (-no, -n); — of ruins, ber Trümmerhaufen (-Ö, -); funeral — , ber 3d)eiteri)aufen (-Ö, -). pile, v., 3ufammcn=fd)(eppen. pilgrimage, bie iU(gerfai)rt (-, -en), hai 3Baafaf)ren (-Ö). pill, bie %\{[t (-, -n). pine, bie O^id^te (-, -n), ber 9?a- belbaum (-g, ^e) (general spe- cies). pink, bie 9?clfe (-, -n). pinnacle, bic 2pit}e (-, -n). pioneer, ber 33af)nbre(^er (-«, -). pious, fromm. pipe, bie ':i>fcifc (-, -n). pirate, ber Üfiiuber (-Ö, -). pistol, bie 'i'ifto'Ie (-, -n). pitiless, erbarmungdloö. pity, bad 3J?itlcib (-?), '^a^ (Srbarmen (-Ö) (on or for, mit); full of — , mitlcibt^DoIl. place, ber '^{a\i (-c3, -^e), ber Drt (-c8, -c or -^er), bic Stelle (-, -n), bic 0>kgenb (-, -en) (region); in — of, aw StcHc (oon or (^en.), [tatt, anftatt; take — , ftatt finbcn (n, u). place, v., ftcHcn, legen, fc^jcn, ouf= [tdlcu. GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION lyi plain, bie (Ebene (-, -n), bie lief- ebene (-, -n). plain, adj., beutlic^ (clear), einfach, fd)U(^t (simple), plaintive, traurig, flaglicf). plan, bcr ^]^ian (-^, ^e or -e). plan, v., entiücrfcn (a, o), bcQb|ic^= tigen. plant, bie '^^ftan^e (-, -n). plant, v., pflan^^cn, an=pffan',cn. plantation, bie 'i^flanjung (-, -en), bie 'ilnpflanjuiig (-, -en), ber 33e= [tanb (-eS, ^e); — of alders and willows, bie (Erlen^ unb ülbeiben^ beftänbe ipliir.). plastic, plaftifc^. plateau, bie oodjebeite (-, -n). platform, bcr "^^erron' (-«, -6). play, [pielen. playground, bcr Jummclpla^ {-t%, ^e). pleasant, freunblic^. please, gefaden (gefiel, a) (dat.); if you — , njcnn e^ O^nen gcfäUig i[t, bitte, pleasure, "tai 3Sergnügen (-ä, -); take — , 33ergnügen finben (a, u) (in, on w. dat.). plenty, bie güKc. plunge, t)inab=[tür5en, ba^in^fc^ießen (o, 0). pocket, bie Xa]d}t (-, -n). poem, ba^ ©ebic^t (-3, -e). poet, ber 3^ic()tcr (-ö, -). poetic, bic^tcril'd). poetry, bie ']?oci'ie' (-, -n), bie T)i(^= tung (-, -en). point, ber ^unH (-eä, -e); the — is, e^ gilt (gelten, galt, gegolten). point, v., ju=ipifeen (sharpen); — out, eriTtäqncn. pointed, fpifeig, [c^arf. poison, ba3 (^ift (-e^, -e). poisonous, giftig. Poland, ^]?olen (-6). polite, ^öflic^. politicil, politifc^; — economy, bie 2taatön)irt)d)aft (-, -en); — science, adj., [taatßimffenfcf)aft^ lic^; economic, ftaat^roiffen* fcf)aftlic^=oolf^n)irt[d)aftlid). politics, bie '^.^olitif [sing. only). pond, ber Jeic^ (-«, -e). ponder, finnen (a, o), noc^^benfen (backte, gebad)t); — over, nac^= [innen (über w. ace. or dat.). pool, bcr Xlimpel (-g, -); — s, bie (sjcroäffcr iplur.). poor, arm, f(i)led)t (plain). poorly, ärntUcf), bürftig, [c^lec^t; — supplied, fc^lec^t öerforgt. pope, ber %^apft (-c>3, ^e). poppy, bie .yUatfc^rofe (-, -n), ber mifbe 'DJJo^n (-i). popular, populär', allgemein beliebt; — song, bad 33olfdlieb (-ed, -er), population, bie iöcöölferung (-, -en), porcelain, ba^d ^^^or'^cllan' (-«); — piece, hit '^Jor^cUanfigur (-, -en), portion, ber Xeil i-t%, -e), ber 2Ib= [c^nitt (-6, -e), ber 5'ügel (-ö, -) (of a building). Portuguese, adj., portugiefifc^. position, bie Stellung (-, -en), ba^ SImt (-ed, ^er), bie Stelle (-, -n), bie 3In[tellung (-, -en), possess, befifeen fbcfa^, befeffen); be- come — ed of, in Sei'i^ Don etroaä fommen (fam, o). possession, bcr iöcfilj C-ed, -e). possible, möglich, post, ber "^ia^X (-ä, ^e). post-office, bav3 '^oftamt (-§, *er). postpone, aufschieben (o, o), Der- [c^ieben (o, o). pot, bcr 2opf (-CÖ, ^e). potato, bie .Kartoffel (-, -n); — field, bad .irffam= feit (-, -en); — study, i>a^ d^^' ftubium (-d, -bicn). professor, bcr 'i'rofcffor (-Ö, -en), profit, bcr 'i)?u^cn (-«, -). profound, tief. progress, bcr portfcfiritt (-«, -e). progress, v., \id} cntmicfcln. progressive, fortfc^reitcnb. prominent, ^cröorragenb. promise, bad iBcr|prccf)cn (-d, -). promise, v., Derfprccf}cn (a, 0), ge= loben, öcr^cißen (ic, et), proof, ba^ 3^ugnid (-fed, -fe), bcr ^eroeig (-ed, -e). propensity, bcr §ang (-ed), bie 5^ei= gung (-', -en), proper, gcbii^rcnb, gef)örig, er[orbcr= lief), property, ba« SBefi^tum (-d, ^er), ber 33e[i^ (-eg, -e), ha^ (Sigentum (-«, -er), proportion, baS 33erf)ältniö (-[cö, -fe). proposal, ber 53orfc^lag (-Ö, ^e), ber Eintrag (-§, -e). propose, öor^fc^lagen (u, a), prosecute, ticrfolgcn, betreiben (ie,ie). prospect, bie Umfdjau. prosper, gebei^en (ic, ie). prosperity, bie 53lüte, bcr 2Bol)lftanb (-eö). protect, fc^üfeen, bcfc^ütien (from, gegen, or üor w. dat.). protection, ber 2cf)ufe (-cd), bic •ißroteftion' (-, -en), protector, ber 33efcf)üt3er (-d, -). Protestant, proteftantifc^. proud, ftolj. prove, bcmcifen (ic, ie), (intr.) [id) :,cigcn, fic^ beroeifen (ic, ic), qu«- fd)(agcn ('^u . . .) (u, a). provide, öerfc^nffcn, gcmäf)rcn. Der* fe^cn (Q, c), ocrforgcn, cin=ricf)tcn; — one's self, fid) ocrforgcn (mit), fic^ Dcrfctjen (mit); provided that, Doraudgcfctjt baR. provision, bic !öorforgc; make — , 33orforge treffen (traf, 0), 2lnftalten treffen. Prussia, ']?reu§en (-Ö); East — , Oftpreußen (-ö). Prussian, adj., preufeifc^; East — . oftprcußifrf). public, öffentlich; — ser\-ice, ber Staatdbicnft (-ed). publish, Dcröffentlic^en. pull, sief)en (30g, gejogen); — up, in bie §öl)e jie^en. pump, bie "^umpe (-, -n). punish, bcftrafen. punishment, bie iöcftrafung (-, -en), pure, rein, gefunb, gut. purely, rein, üödig, gän^lic^. purpose, ber 3"^ecf (-d, -e), bic 33eftimmung (-, -en), purse, bie iöörfe (-, -n), ber Seutel (-Ö, -). pursue, oerfolgen. pursuer, ber üBerfolger (-d, -). pursuit, bie 55erfolgung (-, -en), bet S3eruf (-d, -e) (profession), push aside, jur Seite fc^ieben (0, 0). put, ftellcn, fc^en, legen; — down, nicber^fcfcen; — to shore, lanben; — up, aufhängen. quality, bie (Eigenfd)aft (-, -en), quantity, bie 9J?affe (-, -n), bic 9}knge (-, -n). quarter, bad 33iertel (-d, -), bic 174 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION I ©cgenb (-, -en) (= region); — of an hour, bie 33icrtcl[tunbe (-, -n). queen, bie .fiöniflin (-, -nen). queenly, fönif(Uc^. question, bie ^rage (-, -n). question, v., fragen. quick, fd)neU, rafd^. quiet, [ti((, ru{)ig, laufd^ig. quite, ganj, giemlid), fe^r, red)t. race, bcr ©tamm (-eg, -^e), ber S3o(fö[tamm (-ö, -e). rack, martern, qnätcn. rafters, coll., ha^ ©ebälf (-g, -e). rag, ber ?umpen (-g, -). rage, bie 2But (-). rage, v., muten. railroad, bie (Sifenba^n (-, -en), railway, bie Gifenba^n (-, -en); — system, bag ©ifenba^nne^ (-eö, -e). rain, ber Stegen (-ö, -). rainfall, ber ^iicberfd^Iag (-Ö, -^e). raise, f)eben (o, o), auf=f)eben, erric^= ten; — the anchor, ben 5Infer lichten. rake asunder, auöcinanber^fc^arren. range, baä öebict (-ö, -e); — of learning, ha^ I'cl^rgcbiet (-Ö, -e), ber ?e^rfreiö (-eö, -e). rank, ber $Kang (-eg, -^e); first — , bie ^öd)[te ©teffe (-, -n). rap, ber (Sd)Iag (-eö, ^e). rapid, [d)neU. rapidity, bie ©d^neltigfeit (-, -en), rare, feiten, rate, ba^ 90?a|3 (-eg, -e); death — , bie ©terblidjfeit. rather, jiemlid), camp., ef)er, lieber, ravine, bie Sd)(ud)t (-, -en). ray, ber ©trai^I (-eg, -en), reach, tr. or intr., reid)en; tr., er* rcid^en, fangen Cfor, nac^); — home, nadi .^aufe fommen (fam, o); it reaches my ears, eg fommt mir ju O^ren. read, lefen (a, e). reading-machine, bie ?efemaf(^inc (-, -n). reading-room, bag ?cfejimmer (-g, -). ready, bereit, fertig; a(/i'., ,fd)ne((; make — , fid) fertig machen. real, njirflid); adv., rcc^t, orbentlic^. realm, bag 9teic^ (-g, -c). reappear, toieber^erfc^einen (ie, ie). reason, ber (^runb (-eg, -^e), bie Urfac^e (-, -n). rebuild, miebcr auf^bauen; — ing, ber SSicbcraufbau (-g). receive, empfangen (i, a), erhalten (ie, a), crmerben (a, o), auf=ne[)men (a person) (a, genommen), bemilU fommen (= welcome), recent, fiir^Ud); in — years, in neuerer ^äi. receptacle, bcr .^aften (-g, -). reception, bie 2[ufna()me (-, -n). recognition, bie Slnerfennung (-, -en), recognize, erfcnncn (erfannte, cr= fannt), an=crfcnncn, iinebcr=erfen= nen. recommendation, bie (Smpfc^lung (-, -en). reconciliation, bie 33erföf)nung (-, -en), rector, bcr $Keftor (-g, -en), red, rot. redevelopment, bie ^teucntmicflung (-, -en), redoubled, öcrboppdt. reedCs), bag «Schilf (-g), bag 9?öf)= rid)t (-g); — sparrow, bcr i)io^r= fpcrting (-g, -e). reelection, bie SSicbermal^l (-, -en), reformation, bie ^Reformation' (-, -en), reformer, bcr Otcformator (-g, -en). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 175 refresh, crfrifc^en, erquicfen; — ing, erquicfcnb. refuge, bie 3uflucl)t (-, -en), refuse, /r., ab=lct)ncn, Dcrmcigcm; intr., flcf) mcigcrn. regain, miebcr^geroinncn (a, 0). regal, fönigUc^. regard, bie 9tücf)'ic^t (-, -en) (to, auf w. ace). regard, v., bctracf)tcn, an^e^cn (a, e); as — s, umö betrifft (betreffen, be= traf, betroffen); be — ed, gelten (alö) (galt, gegolten); be — ed with respect, in 2Infef)en ftel)en (ftanb, geftanben). regarding, in iöe^ug auf (w. acc). register, ba^ 'Jicgi'fter (-Ö, -). regular, orbentUi^ (regular profes- sor), regulation, bie SInorbnung (-, -en), bie 55erorbnung (-, -en). reign, intr., {)crrfd)en; tr., bc^errfc^en. reinforcement, bie 33erftärfung (-, -en), ber 3u5ug (-«, -e). reject, ab-mcifen (ie, ie), öerfc^mäf)cn, jurücf Stoßen (ie, 0). rejoice, fic^ freuen; tr., erfreuen, relation, had ißer^ältni^S (-feö, -fc). relative, adj., oer^ältniömöBig. release, loö=geben (a, e). reliable, juDerläffig. relief, bie 2lbmecf)ölung (-, -en). religion, bie 9^eligion' (-, -en). religious, religiös', tirc^licf), geiftlic^; — instruction, ber 9Jeligionöun* terric^t (-«). remain, bleiben (ie, ie). remainder, ber 9?eft (-e^, -e). remaining, übrig, remains, ber 9Jeft (-eö, -e), bie Überrefte ipliir.). remarkable, merfmürbig, außeror^ bcntlicf). remember, fic^ erinnern (of, an w. acc); tr., inö (^ebäc^tniö rufen (ie, u). reminiscence, bie (Erinnerung (-, -cn). remnant, ber ^Keft (-eö, -e). remote, entfernt; more — , ber (bie, bo's) {)interc. remount, roieber beftcigcn (ie, ic). remove, bcfeitigen, auS-nef)men (a, genommen) (=take out), au« bcm ilöege räumen (=do away with), renew, erneuern; be — ed, fief) er- neuern, renowned, berül)mt. rent, bie ÜJ^iete (-, -n), ber g}?ietjin« (-eö, -en); — of a house, bie §auömiete (-, -n). rent, v., oermieten. repair to, auf^uc^cn. repairs, bie Sluöbefferunggarbciten iplur.). repeat, mieber^olen. repel, ab^meifen (ie, ie), gurücf^ ftoßen (ie, 0). repetition, bie 2öicber{)olung (-,-en). replace, erfc^en. reply, antworten, ertt)ibem, entgeg^ nen {all w. dat. of pers.). report, ber S3eric^t {-%, -e), bie (grjä^lung (-, -en), ber tnalt (-e«, •^e or -e) (= explosion), report, v., berief) ten. represent, bar=ftelten, üertreten (a, e), auf=füf)ren. representative, ber 9?eprä)entanf (-en, -en), ber 53er treter (-«, -). reproach, 35orn)ürfe machen {dat. oj pers.). reprove, [trafen, republican, republifanifc^. repulse, jurücf^ftoßen (ie, 0). reputation, ber iRuf (-e^). require, erforbern, bcbürfen (beburfte, beburft); — d, nötig, notmcnbig. requirement, bie 21nforberung (-, -cn). rescue, bie 9tettung (-, -en), bie (Srrettung (-, -en). 176 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION research, bic Jvoi^frfjUTig (-, -en), resemble, gleid)cn (i, i) {dat.). residence, bie 3JBof)nung (-, -en); (city with the court of a ruler) bic iRefibens' (-, -en), bie 9fe[ibenj= [tabt (-, -e). residue, bcr ÜJüdftanb (-eg, ^e). resign, ausgeben (u, e); — one's commission, ben 2Ibfrf)ieb ne()men (a, genommen), resin, bai $>ttrj (-e6, -e). resist, n)iber[te{)en (miberftanb, h)iber= ftanben) (dat.). resistance, ber 2öiberftanb (-eg, *e). resolute, entfi^tcbcn. resolve, ber (2nt[d)[uB (-eg, ^e). resolve, v., bcfc^ucBen (0, 0). resort, ber 3^iftucf)töort (-ö, -e). resound, ertönen, erfdjalfen, erflin= gen (a, u); make — , jum Jonen bringen (brad^tc, gebrad)t). respect, ber ^Sejng (-g, ^e); in — to, in 53e5ug auf (ace), in 9Jü(f[id)t auf (ace). respond, folgen (dat.). rest, ruf)en, raften, fid) aug^m'^en; — on, ruf)en, berufen (on, auf w. dat.). restaurant, bie 9^eftauration' (-,-en). resting place, bie ?agerftätte (-, -n). restless, unruf)ig, raftloö. restore, iuicber^gcbcn (a, e). restrain, gurücf4}altcn (ie, a), ein= fd)rcinfen. restraint, bie ©d^ranfe (-, -n); with- out — , fc^ranfenlog. restriction, bie 58cfd)ränfung (-,-en). result, ha^ (^rgebnid (-feg, -fe), bie golge (-, -n). resume, n3icber an=^cben (0, 0), foct= fetjen. retire, intr., fid) jurücf^jiel)en (jog, gejogcn). retirement, bie „^uriirfgcjogen^eit. retort, entgegnen (dal. of pcrs.). return, bic ijiiiiffcljr, bcr (Entgelt (-Ö, -e); in — , a(g (Sntgelt, bafür, mieber. return, v., jurü(f=fet)ren, äurü(f=fom= men (fam, 0). reveal, offenbaren. revenge, bie 9^ac^e (-). revere, £)ulbigen (dat.). reverence, bie (f[)rfurcf)t. reward, ber 'io\)n (-eg, -^e). Rhine, ber 9J^ein (-g). ribbon, bag 53anb (-eg, -^cr). rich, rcicf), reichhaltig. Richard, 9?id)arb (-g). riches, ber Dieic^tum (-g, -^er) (of, an w. dat.). rid; be — of, einen log fein; get — of, einen log njcrbcn (a, 0). ride, reiten (ritt, geritten) (horse- back), fahren (u, a) (in a car- riage, etc.); — on, lüeiter^reitcn. rider, ber Siciter (-g, -). ridge, ber ^ac^firft (-eg, -e) (on the roof), ber §ö^cnjug (-g, -^e), ber §öf)enrücfen (-g, -) (geogr.)\ grassy — , ber (^elbrain (-g, -e). right, bag 9?ed)t (-g, -e). right, adj. and adv., rec^t; all — , n)of)Ian. ring, bcr 9?ing (-eg, -c). ringing, 'Qa^ häuten (-g). ripe, reif. rise, bie Steigerung (-, -en). rise, v., ftcigcn (ie, ie), emporsteigen, fid) cr{)cbcn (0, 0), fd)roellen (0, 0), an=n)ad)fcu (u, a) (=grow), auf^ gc()cn (ging, gegangen) (sun), auf=ftcl)cn ([tanb, gcftanben) (=get up), aufcrftcl)cn (auferftanben) (from the dead), I)enHn- gcl)cn. rival, bcr i^ciuerber (-g, -) (for, um). river, ber ^lufi (-eg, -^c); — island, bic ^Uifünfcl (-, -n). river-side, bie Jluf^fcitc (-, -n). road, ber isH^cg (-eg, -c), bic \?anb* ftrafec (-, -n). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 177 roam, fd)»ticitcn, [ic^ crflc()cn (erging, ergangen); — over, tr., burd)ftrci^ t'en. roar, raufti)cn, bnnifen. roaring, bad 3iau|d)en (-Ö). roast, braten (ie, a), röften. robber, ber Ouinber (-d, -). robe, bad Hleib (-ed, -er), rock, ber J-eld or gelfcn (-end, -en), rock, v., fd)aufcln. rocky, felfig. rod, bie iKute (-, -n). roguish, fd)a(f{)att, fc^elmifc^. roll, bad iörötc^en (-d, -). roll, v., roUen. Roman, adj., römifc^. romance, bie Ütomanje (-, -n). romantic, romantifc^; — school, bie $Komanti[d)e 3d)ule. romanticism, bie Siomantif. romanticist, ber 9Jomantifer (-6, -). Rome, 9?om (-0). roof, 'aa-i Xad) (-d, ^er). room, ber ^aum (-g, -e), boo ^xm^ mer {-%, -), bie ©tube (-, -ti). root, bie SSurjel (-, -n); — s, (coll.) bad öemürgel (-d, -), ber SBurseU [tod {-%, -e). rope, ber otrid f-d, -e), hai 2eil (-d, -e), ha^ Xau (-d, -e) (= cable). Rosalind, 9?o[aUnbc (--d or -nd). rose, bie 9?ofe (-, -n). row, rubern; — down, i)inunter=ru= bem. royal, föniglic^. rub, reiben (ie, ie); — together, 5u|ammen=reiben. rubble, 'üai ÖeröU (-d, -e). rude, ro^. ruin, ho.^ 33erberben (-d); — s, bie Xriimmer (plur. only). rule, bie SJegicrung (-, -en), rule, v., ^errfd)en, regieren, gebieten (0, 0); ruling house, bad regie* renbe §aud (-ed, ^er). ruler, ber ."pcrrfdier (-d, -). run, ber I'anf (-d, -^e). run, v., iiilr., laufen (ie, au), rennen (rannte, gerannt); /r., betreiben (ie, ie) (a club); — away, fort» laufen, njeg=laufen; — about wild- ly, milb burc^einanber laufen; — off, fortlaufen; — onto, treffen (traf, 0) auf (ace); — out, ^in= aud'laufen; his taste ran to, cr f)ielt ed mit. rush after, nac^^c^^n (dat.). rustle, raufdjen. rye, ber iKoggen (-d). sacrifice, bad Opfer (-d, -). sacrifice, v., opfern. sad, traurig. sadness, bie Xraurigfeit, bie 33etrüb^ nid (-, -fe), ber (^rani (-d), bad ?eib (-ed, -en), safe, fitter, n3of)lgeborgen (from, »or w. dat.). safety, bie 2ic^er^eit (-, -en), sail, ha^ 2egcl (-d, -). sail, v., fegeln; — along, ]^er=f(iegen (0, 0) (of birds), sailor, ber Seemann (-d, -leute). saint, ber .^eilige (-n, -n). sake; for the — of, um , . . miden (with gen.). salmon, ber ?ac^d (-ed, -e). salvation, bie Seligfeit (-, -en), same, felb; the — , ber (bie, bad) felbe. sanctuar)^, ba^ Heiligtum (-d, -^er). sand, ber 2anb (-ed); — pit, bie Sanbgrube (-, -n). sandy, fanbig. sanitation, bie gefunb^eitlic^en (Ein- rid)tungen (plur.). sap, ber 2aft (-ed, ^e). satin, ber Sltlad (-fed, -fe). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION satire, bie 3ati're (-, -n). satirical, fati'rifc^; — song, hai Spottlieb (-eö, -er), satisfaction, bie ^efriebigung (-, -en), bie 33cruf)igung (-, -en), satisfied, jufricbcn. satisfy, befricbigen. sausage, bie 3Bur[t (-, -^e). savage, irilb. save, retten, erretten, erfparen (pains, money), savings-institution, bie ^err! lieber ^err! sister, bie Sd)rDcfter (-, -n). sit, filmen (faf^, gefeffen); — down, fic^ fetjen, fid) niebcr=fe^-en. situated, gelegen; be — , liegen (a, e), \i(i) befinben (a, u). six, fed)ö. sixty, fec^^ig. size, bie öröfje (-, -n); in — , on Umfang, skill, bie Äunft (~, -e), bie ©cfc^id^ lid)fcit (-, -en), skillful, gefd^icft. skin, haQ ^di (-e8, -c). skin, v., bag gell ab=jicf)en (jog, gegogen) or abstreifen {dat. oj pers.). skip, t)üpfen. skull, ber 2c^äbel (-«, -). sky, ber §immel (-g, -). slanting, fc^räg. slate roof, baö Sc^ieferbad) (-S, -^cr). slay, erfd)lagcn (u, a), töten. sleep, bcr 2d)laf {-i). sleep, v., fc^lafen (ie, a); go to — , einschlafen (ie, a); lay one's self down to — , fid^ fd)lafcn legen. slide around, f)erum4d)littcrn. slightly, leidet, ein n^enig. slip, gleiten (glitt, geglitten). slippery, glatt. slow, langfam. sluggish, träge. small, flein, gering, fdiraad^. smile, lächeln. smoke, ber 9?aud^ (-Ö). snatch; — a kiss, einen Äu^ (-c8, •^e) rauben. snort, grunjen. snow, ber 3d)nce (-^). snuffbox, bie 2d;nupftabaföbofe (-, -n). so, fo, alfo, be^Smegcn, barum; — that, fo bajj (result), bamit (pur- pose). so-called, fogenannt. soar upward, empor=fteigen (ie, ie). sob, fd)lu(^jen. society, bie Öcfellfd}aft (-, -en), ber 33erdn (-§, -e). soft, fnnft, Idfe, ioeid^. soil, ber Ü^oben (-ö, - or *), bie (2d)olle (-, -n). soldier, ber Solbat' (-en, -en). sole, adj., einzig. solemn, fcicrlid). solicitude, bie Sorge (-, -n), bie Sorgfalt (-, -en). solitarv, cinfam. GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION l8l solitude, bic Crinfamfcit (-, -en). somber, bunfel. some, sing., irgenb ein, etroad; piur.^ cinine; — one, jemanb. something, (irgenb) etroad. sometimes, .^uiDcilcn, bivJincilcn. somewhat, ctroa-^. somewhere, irgcnbroo. son, ber 2of)n (-co, ^e). song, ber (^)c)ang (-Ö, ^e), ba^ ?ieb (-e^, -cr). soon, bQ(b; as — as, [obalb (d^); — er, cf)cr, früher, soot, ber O^ufe (-e^). sorrow, ber Summer (-g, -), bie iöctrübniä (-, -fe), baa i'eib (-cd, -en); to the — , jum I'cibroefen (of, gen.). sorr)', traurig; I am — , e3 tut mir leib (tat, getan), sort, bie 2lrt (-, -en); all — s of, allerlei, soul, bie 2eele (-, -n). sound, ber Jon (-cd, -e), ber ?aut (-cd, -e), ber Schall (-e-3, -e or ^e). sound, ad].., gcfunb, unjc^äblic^. sound, z'., Hingen (a, u), tönen, ertönen laffen (=make sound) (ie, a). sour, lauer, south, ber (2übcn (-d), ber Süb (-ed, -e). south, southern, ad]., [üblich (of, Don); South German, fübbcutfc^; — side, bie Sübfeite. sovereign, ber öerrfc^er (-ö, -), ber gürft (-en, -en). spacious, geräumig, mcit, auöge* bc^nt. spare, fdioncn, öcrfcfioncn. spark, ber 5unfe(n) (-eng, -en). sparkle, funfein, sparse, bünn. speak, lpre(f)en io^, o) (about, über), spear, ber Speer (-Ö, -e), ber Spieß (-cd, -e). special, bcfonbcr. species, bic 2lrt (-, -cn). specimen, bad ^^robcftücf (-d, -c). speech, bic 9fcbe (-, -n). Speed, bic Sc^nelligfcit (-, -cn). spiritual, geiftig. spit, ber iöratlpicß (-c8, -c). spite, bic lücfc (-, -n); in — of, trob, jum Iro^c {w. dal., e.g. in spite of her, i^r jum Xroljc). splash, ir., befpriljcn. splendid, glänjenb, präd)tig. splendor, ber (^lanj (-cö), bie '^^rac^t, bic öerrlicf)feit (-, -cn). split up, fpalten, teilen, spoil, Derberben (a, o). sport, bad Spiel (-d, -c). sport, v., fpielen. spot, ber 'iplalj (-cd, ^e), bie Stelle (-, -n), ber glecf (-d, -e), ber Crt (-cd, -c or -er); on the — , jur Stelle, spray, ber Scf)aum (-d, -^^e). spread, bie 3(udbct)nung (-, -en). spread, v., tr., aud-brcitcn, Der= breiten; intr., fic^ aud^breiten. Spree, bie Spree (-). spring, ber 5rül)ling (-d, -e) ; — god, ber grü^lingdgott (-cd, -cr). spring, bie Cuetle (-, -n). spring, 1'., fpringcn (a, u); — up, aufspringen, aufschießen (o, o). spurt up, auf=fpri^en. spy, crfpäl)en, entbecfen. squat, ^ocfen. squirrel, bad (ficfi^ömc^en (-d, -). stable, ber Stall (-cd, -c). stafiF, ber Stab (-cd, -e). stagnant, ftcl)enb. stain, befcf)mut>en. stairs, bie Jreppe (-, -n); wooden — , bie öoljtTcppe (-, -n). stake, ber '|3faf)l (-d, -e). stalk, ber ©aim (-cd, -c). stand, [tcf)en (ftanb, geftanben); — out, ragen; — still, ftillSte^en. l82 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION I standard, i>a^ SBcrtmaß (-e^, -e), ber ilöert (-eg, -e), bie ©eltung (-, -en), bie ^ebeutung (-, -en). star, ber Stern (-Ö, -e). stare at, an^glot^en. start, tr., an^fangen (i, a), beginnen (a, o); intr., fic^ in Serocgung fe^en; — off, — out, au^brccf)en (a, o), fic^ auf bie iRcife machen; — out (into), f)inaug-n)anbem (in). state, ber ©taat (-e8, -en), ber ©tanb (-eS, -^e); — examination, bie ©taatöprüfung (-, -en); — forest, ber otaatgfor[t (-eö, -e or -en); — institution, bie ©taatä^ an[talt (-, -en); — privilege, bie [taatUd^e 53erc(^tigung (-, -en). state, adj., ftaatlic^. stately, anfc^nlid), [tattlid^. station, ber ©tanb (-eö, ^e). stationed, [tationiert. statuary, bie 33ilbVuerel (-, -en). statue, baö 'Stanbbilb (-eS, -er). statute, boo Statut' (-eö, -en). stay, bleiben (ie, ie), [id) befinbcn (a, u), öermeilen, [id) au[4)a(ten (ie, a). steady, [tetig. steal, [teilen (a, o). steam, ber S)amp[ (-eg, ^e); — en- gine, bie !l)ampfma[d)ine (-, -n). steed, bag 3Jo& (-eg, -e). steel, ber ©ta^I (-g). steep, [teil. steeple, ber .^ird;turm (-g, -^e). steer, [teucrn. step, ber Schritt (-eg, -e). step, v., treten (a, c); — up, l^eran* treten (a, e). stick, ber Stocf (-g, -^e). stick, v., [tccfcn. still, nod). stillness, bie Stille, bie 9?u^e. stir, /r., rubren ; /;//;-., fid) rubren ; — up, auf iuüI)Umi. stone, ber i:tein (-S, -e); the first — , ber ©runbftetn (-g, -e). stop, ber (Sinl)alt (-e); put a — , (linbalt tun (tat, getan) {\.o,äat.)y ein (5nbe mad}en (to, dat.). stop, v., an>balten (ie, a), ein=balteu (ie, o), aufboren, store, ber ?aben (-g, - or ■^), bag SBarenl)aug (-eg, -^er); — of knowledge, ber Scba^ (-eg, -^e) an {or öon) Äenntniffen. storehouse, ber ?agerpla^ (-eg, -"-e). storekeeper, ber Krämer (-g, -). stork, ber Storc^ (-g, ^e). storm, ber Sturm (-g, ^e). storm, v., ftlirmen. stormy, ftiirmifd). story, bag Stodroerf (-g, -e) (of a house), story, bie Grsä^lung (-, -en), bie ^^oöelle (-, -n); tell a — , (= slander) öerleumbcn. straight, gerabe, grabe, strand, ber Stranb (-eg, -e). strange, fremb, merfinürbig (=odd). stranger, ber trembling (-g, -e), ber or bie i^rembe (-n, -n). straw, bag Strob (-g). stream, ber Strom C-g, -=^e). street, bie Straße (-, -n); — car, ber Straf?cnbabnmagcn (-g, -). strength, bie Äraft (-, -^c), bie Stiirfe. strengthen, öcrftärfcn. stretch, bie Strcrfe (~, -n). stretch, v., [treden; — out, aug- ftreden; intr., [icb aug=ftrerfcn; — one's limbs, fid) recfen, [i(^ [treden. strict, [treng, genau, strike, [d)lagcn (u, a); intr., auf^ [cblagcn. stroke, ber Streid) (-g, -e). stroke, %'., ftrcidicln. strong, ftarf, \)i\X\<\, gefunb stronghold, bag '^^oUiucrf (-g, -c).. bie 43urg (-, -en). GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION 183 Structure, bcr 33au {-&, -c or -ten), ba^ (^cbäubc (-«, -), ba« öefügc M, -). struggle, bcr Äampf (-co, -^e). struggle, v., (= resist) fid) [träuben. stubble field, ta^ Stoppclfdb (-co, -cr). student, bcr 2tubcnt' (-en, -en), study, baö 3tubium (-Ö, -bicn). study, v., [tubicrcn. stump, bcr Stumpf (-co, -^e); — of a tree, bcr iöaumftumpf (-eg, -^c). style, bcr 2tü (-ö, -e). subdue, untermcrfcn (a, 0), bc.^mingcn {a, u); jur Xcmut bringen (brachte, gebrad)t). subject, adj., unterworfen, untcr= geben (dat.); be — , unterliegen (a, e) (to, dat.). subject, v., untern)erfen (a, 0); be — ed to something, ctroa^ au^' galten muffen (muBte, gemußt), sublime, erf)aben. submit, i)itr., fic^ fügen (dat.), fic^ unterwerfen (a, 0) (dat.). subside, na(f)4affen (ie, a), fic^ legen, suburb, bie 33orftabt (-, ^e). succeed, gelingen (a, u), iinpers.; I — , eö gelingt mir. success, ber (Erfolg (-ö, -e). succession, bie 9kc^folge; in — , f)intereinanber, nac^cinanber. successive, aufcinanber folgenb. successor, ber 'DJad)f olger (-«, -). succumb, unterliegen (a, e) {dat.). such, fold^. sudden, suddenly, plöfelic^; very suddenly, urplöfelic^. suffer, leiben (litt, gelitten), büßen (for, acc); cause some one to — , jemanbem etmaö juleibe tun (tat, getan), suffering, bii% ?ciben (-3). suffice, genügen (dat.), auö^reid^en, f)in=reic^cn. suflkient, audreid)enb, gcnügcnb; be — , genügen (dat.). sugar, ber ^Mdtx (-d, -). Suggestion, ber ^-l>orfct)lag (-«, -»c), suggestive, anregenb. suitable, paffenb, geeignet (for, ju). suitor, bcr greier (-«, -), ber ©crber (-«, -). sullen, mürrifd), finfter. summer, bcr 2ommcr (-«, -); — life, ba^ fommerlic^e lieben (-«); — morning, ber 3ommermorgen (-8, -); — time, bie 3ommer= jcit (-, -en); — weather, bag (gommcrmetter (-g). summit, ber Öipfel (-g, -). sun, bie Sonne (-, -n). Sunday, ber Sonntag (-g, -e); adv.^ Sonntagg. sunlight, ber Sonnenfc^ein (-«). sunny, fonnig. sunshine, ber Sonnenfc^cin (-«). superior, adj., überlegen {w. dat.); — in number, an ^a.^. überlegen; — numbers, — forces, bie Über= mac^t. superstitious, abergläubifd^. supply, ber Vorrat (-ö, ^e) (of, an w. dat.), bie 23erforgung (of, mit). supply, v., Ocrfcl)en (a, e), ocrforgcn. support, [tü^en. suppose, öermuten, bcnfen (badete, geba(^t); he was supposed to represent, man f)iclt il)n für; sup- posed, oermutlic^. suppress, unterbrüden. sure, ftc^er, gemif:; to be — , adv., jttjar, freilid), allerbingg, gemife. surface, bie gläc^e (-, -n), bie Cber* tläd)e (-, -n); — of the water, ber SBafferfpiegel (-g, -). surmise, af)nen. surpass, übertreffen (übertraf, 0). surprise, bie Übcrrafd)ung (-, -en), baö Staunen (-g), ba^ (vrftauncn (-Ö). 1 84 GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION surprise, v., tlbcrrafc^cn; surprised, erftaunt. surprising, erftaunlic^. surrender, übergeben (a, c). surround, umgeben (a, t), umringen, surroundings, bie Umgebung (-, -en). suspect,in3?erbad)t()aben;iiermuten. suspend, auf=f)ängen; — on the cross, anö Äreuj fd)lagen (u, a); be suspended, ()angcn (i, a), suspicion, bet 2(rgn3o{)n (-«). sustain, erleiben (erlitt, erlitten), swallow, oerfc^lingen (a, u). swamp, ber ©urnpf (-eö, ^e). swan, ber ©c^man, (-g, -^e). sweat, ber ©djttjei^ (-eö). sweep, fegen, fe^ren. sweet, fii^. swift, bcl)cnbe, flinf. swim, fd)tt)immen (o, o). swing, fd)n)lngen (a, u), [erlagen (u, a), sword, bag ®d)tt)ert (-eg, -er), ber !Degen (-§, -). symbol, ha^ ©innbilb (-g, -er), bag 3 eichen (-g, -). symbolize, |l)mboU[ieren, ber[inn= lichen, system, bag ©t)[tem' (-g, -e), bie 9J2etl)obe (-, -n). systematical, [^[tematifd^. table, ber Zi\^ (-eg, -c). tail, ber ©c^manj (-eg, -^c). take, nel)men (a, genommen), cin= nehmen (a fortress); bringen (brad}te, gebracht) (dat. of pcrs.); — across, l^criiber^bringen; — along, mit=nel)mcn; — back, ju- rticf^nc^men; — by storm, erftilr- men; — down, {)erunter=ne{)men; — for, ()nlten (ic, a) für; — from, njeg^neljmen (dat. of pers.), (= separate) trennen; — in, auf=nef)= men; — off, ab=ne{)men; — up, aufgeben (o, o), unternel)mcn (= undertake); — with one's self, mit=ncl)men; — a course, n)eitcr=gel)en (ging, gegangen). talk, fpred^en (a, o), reben. tall, ^00). task, bie 2tufgabe (-, -n). taste, ber 0efd)macf (-g, ^e); his — ran to, er ^iclt eg mit. taste, v., fc^mecfen, foften. tavern, ber (^aftf)of ( -g, ^e). taxgathercr, ber 3ollcinnet)mer (-g, -). teach, Ief)ren, unterrid)ten, (= edu- cate) erjte^en (erjog, erjogen), (= suggest) ein-geben (a, e). teacher, ber ?ci)rer (-g, -). teaching, ber Unterricht (-g). tear, bie Xräne (-, -n). tearless, tränenleer. . technical, tcdjnifc^. tedious, langiüeilig. tell, fagen, berichten, (= narrate) cr= ääl)len. tempt, Derfurfien. tender-hearted, ineicb^erjig. tenement-house, bag 9J?ietg^aug (-eg, ^er). Teneriffe, Teneriffa (-g). term, bie ißebingung (-, -en); on easy — s, unter leidsten iöcbingun= gen. terrible, fc^recflid), furd)tbar. territory, bag (>^ebict (-g, -e). terror, ber ^d)recfcn (-g, -), bag (Sntfet^en (-g). test, prüfen, erproben. text-book, bag 2d)ulbud) (-g, -^cr). Thames, bie Xl)emfe (-). than, alg. thank, banfcn (dat. of per.';.). thanks, ber T^anf (-eg); a word of — , ein ÄHU-t beg T^anfeg. GERMAN PROSE COMPOSITION ■85 that, icncr, (rcl.) bcr (bic, bad), mcl^ d)cr. that, conj., ba\i; so — , [0 ba^ (result), bamit (purpose). the . . ., the . . . (before compara- tives), ie . . ., bcfto (ic); the . . . (alone), iimfo, bcfto. theater, ha'i 2l)catcr (-Ö, -). theme, bcr (bkflcnftaub (-ed, -^c), then, bann, barauf. theological, tl)eologilcf). theolog)', bic Il)coIogie' (-, -n). theoretical, tf)corcti[c^. theor)', bic I^corie' (-, -n). there, ba, bort, thereafter, barauf, banac^. thereat, babei. thereby, babci. therefore, bcöiucgcn, alfo, ba^er. thereupon, barauf, banac^. therewith, bamit. thick, bicf, (=dense) bid^t. thickly, rcic^. thin, btinn. thing, baö Xing (-ed, -e or -er), bic Sad^e (-, -n). think, benfen (backte, gebadet) (of, an w. ace), meinen; — more and more of something, etmag immer f)ö^cr [d)ät5en. third, britt — ; the — part, ha^ ^Drittel (-g, -). thirst, bcr Xurft (-eg), thirsty, burftig. thirteen, breijc^n. thirty, breißtg; Thirty Years' War, ber ^Dreißigjährige ^rieg (-eg), this, bicfer. thither, l^icr^cr. Thomas Aquinas, Jf)omag oon Slquino. thorn, bcr I'orn (-eg, -e or -en or -er), thorny, bornig. thorough, griinblid). thoroughly, grünblicf), burc^aug. thoroughness, bic Wrlinblic^fett. though, obgleich, obfc^on, lucnn aud), n)cnng(eid); as — , alg ob. thought, bcr OJebanfc (-ng, -n), bic 3bcc (-, -n). thousand, taufenb; 7wun, bag Xau= [enb (-g, -e). threat, bie Drof)ung (-, -en), bie 2Inbrof)ung (-, -en), threaten, broken (dat. of per s.). three, brei. thrifty, n)of)l^abenb. thrive, gcbci^en (ic, ie), irac^fen (u, a), throne, bcr 3:f)ron (-eg, -e). through, prep., burd^; adv., burrf), fertig; — and — , in fcbcr '^Q.\tx. throughout, ^inburd), überall in. throw, tt)crfcn (a, 0), fd)(cubem; — away, n)cg=n3crfcn; — in, hinein* n^crfcn; — out, treiben (ie, ie) (of plants), thumb, ber Xaumen (-g, -). thunder, ber ^Donner (-g, -). thunder-storm, bag (5i)eiüitter (-g, -). Thuringian, adj., t^iiringifc^. thus, fo. tiding(s), bie ^'^ad^rid^t (-, -en), tie, binben (a, u). tile, ber ^\t