THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
ry -^ 
 
 
FLORA'S DICTIONARY. 
 
 BY A LADY. 
 
 In eastern lands they talk in flowers, 
 And they tell in a garland, their loves and cares; 
 Each blossom that blooms in their garden bowers 
 
 On its leaves a mystic language bears. 
 
 Percival. 
 
 Beautiful language ! Love's peculiar own. 
 Not for the cold, the careless, to impart, 
 By such eweet signs, the language of the heart. 
 
 Pickertgill. 
 
 Then gather a wreath from the garden bowers, 
 And tell the wish of thy heart in flowers. 
 
 Percival. 
 
 Baltimore : 
 
 PUBLISHED BY FIELDING LUCAS, JUN. 
 
 NO. 138, MARKET STREET. 
 
Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1831, by FIELDING 
 LUCAS, Jun. in the Clerk'a Office of the district of Maryland. 
 
 ADAM WALDIE, PRINTER. 
 

 
 " Master T<ouis, where have you picked up so many trifles ?" 
 
 THIS noted remark of the Cardinal Hyppolito to the author of the " Orlando Furioso," on his presenting him with 
 the first copy of his work, would be much more appropriate to the present recueil, than to the "fine frenzy'' of 
 Ariosto. Yet one may be worse employed than in conversing with flowers. They are innocent companions, at 
 least ; and, in those hours in which the most industrious look for relaxation and amusement, it will be happy for us 
 if we find no society more noxious, than that of these pure and beautiful parts of the creation. 
 
 Do we make the most of the objects which surround us do we extract from them all the information, and all 
 the innocent amusement which they are capable of affording ? The question is not addressed to the scientific ; 
 but to those, of whom the writer admits herself to be one, who are too often content to gaze with a vacant and 
 transient admiration at the works of the creation, and then to remember them no more. Here, for instance, is 
 this blooming earth : what an interest has the science of botany thrown over it ! Yet how few are there, among 
 us, who are disposed to taste of the banquet which this science affords ! Again, these flowers interest us by 
 their beauty and fragrance, and here we stop. Travellers, however, assure us, that the people of the East see 
 something more in them than mere objects of admiration. In the hands of these primitive and interesting people, 
 they become flowers of rhetoric, and speak their feelings with far more tenderness and force than words can 
 impart. With them, there is something sacred in this mode of communication. It is a kind of religious wor- 
 ship an offering of the fruits of the earth ; and, 1 hough addressed to an earthly object, it still retains something 
 of the sanctity which belonged to the rite from which it was probably borrowed, and is accompanied with a devo- 
 tion far more true, and deep, and touching, than the artificial homage which distinguished the courts of Europe, 
 even in the vaunted age of chivalry. Compared with modern manners, either in Europe or America, what is 
 there that can vie, in picturesque beauty, with the Persian youth, gracefully presenting a rose to his mistress ? 
 What language can convey a compliment so delicate and exquisite ? and if a communication of a still more 
 interesting nature be intended, how much more refined, poetic and affecting is the mute eloquence of the eastern 
 lover, than those awkward and embarrassing declarations which are in use in other countries ! How much easier 
 is it to present a flower, than to make a speech ! 
 
 It is upon the hint suggested by this oriental custom, and for the purpose of trying, as a matter of curiosity, 
 how far this emblematic language could be carried, that the following collection has been made. 
 
 Mr. Percival tells us, 
 
 " Each, blossom that blooms in their garden bowers 
 On its leaves a mystic language bears." 
 
 Pity it is that we have no key to this mystic language of the East. Very few of their emblems have reached 
 us. So far as they are known, they have been adopted in this collection. A few others have been borrowed 
 from books and manuscripts. To supply the residue, which constitutes the far greater number, and to furnish 
 the whole with appropriate illustrations, has been the chief amusement out of which this petit jeu has grown. 
 Very few of the emblems have been attached without reason. In general, they have been suggested either by 
 some allusion to the specific flower in British poets, or by its botanical, or its popular name, or by some property 
 peculiar to it, such as its hue, form, odour, place and manner of growth, sensibility, medicinal virtue, or some 
 
 VV 
 
 
other circumstance connected with its history or character. It would be idle to swell this preface, and to seek 
 to give consequence to a trifle so light and airy as this, by indicating, in every instance, the reasons which led to 
 the selection of the emblems : these will present themselves readily to the mind of the reader. A few, and but a 
 few of them have been arbitrarily assumed, and this only from the necessity of giving sufficient range and variety 
 to this symbolic language. If this be an objection, it applies with equal force to spoken language. For, although 
 such of our words as are intended to convey the idea of sounds, seem to be manifest imitations of these sounds, 
 and ' echoes to the sense," as they have been happily called, yet, the far greater part of the words which com- 
 pose our language, have no such resemblance, and must have been necessarily and arbitrarily assumed, in the 
 first instance, as signs of the ideas to which they were applied, and gradually adopted by common consent as 
 expressive of those ideas. The adoption once made, whether in oral or emblematical language, the application 
 of these conventional signs becomes as easy and accurate, and the use as great, as if there were a natural and 
 inherent relation between the signs and the ideas which they represent ; all that is necessary being, that the pur- 
 pose of the sign be understood in the same way by all who use it. 
 
 The quotations are designed as poetic translations of the several emblems to which they are respectively 
 applied. They are the language of the emblem rendered in verse : and, from the intrinsic beauty of most of 
 these quotations, may it not be added, that these are the flowers of poetry aptly employed in illustrating the 
 flowers of the earth ? Some of the lines are original contributions for this little work, and it is believed that they 
 will be found worthy of this association with established poets. In some instances answers are furnished ; these 
 may be tacitly made by returning a part of the same flower which has been presented. 
 
 The first rude sketch of this little divertissement having been shown to a few young friends, copies were asked 
 and given, and one of these, in the course of last year, found its way to the press in Boston, where, it is under- 
 stood, a few copies were struck, with great neatness and beauty of type and paper. The circumstance is men- 
 tioned merely to explain to those who may possess those copies, the identity of the work, and to exempt the lady 
 who has amused herself in compiling it, from any original purpose of publication. Since the collection has been 
 enlarged, it has become KO irksome to meet the request for manuscript copies, that it has been found expedient to 
 call in the aid of the press to save the time and labour of transcription. This request for copies, and the circum- 
 stance of its having been thought worthy of publication in Boston, while the little work was as yet an embryon 
 bud, induce the belief that the more expanded and finished form which it has now taken, will make it not unac- 
 ceptable to those who are themselves in the spring-time of life, the season of flowers and sentiment. 
 
 There are few little presents more pleasing to a Lady, than a bouquet of flowers ; and, if the donor be disposed 
 to give them greater significance, it will be easy, with this njanual before him, to make his selection in such a 
 way as to stamp intelligence and expression on a simple posy. 
 
 This mode of communication may be carried even beyond the proper season of flowers, by the aid of an herba- 
 rium, in which flowers are preserved by simple pressure between the leaves of an album. Such an herbarium 
 would be an ornament to a parlour table, and would, moreover, encourage and facilitate the study of botany : in 
 promotion of which latter object, a botanical glossary has been added to the work. 
 
 The Lady who has given her leisure hours to this little play of fancy, has not the vanity to attach any serious 
 consequence to it. The Itagatelh, she trusts, is too light to attract the grave censure of the critic by profession. 
 It has been an innocent recreation to herself; and it is with no higher expectation than of affording the like 
 amusement to others, that it is now given to the prese. 
 
 Baltimore. 
 
STRUCTURE OF PLANTS. 
 
 A perfect plant consists of the root, the stem or trunk, 
 the stalk, the leaves, the flower, and the fruit. 
 
 Roots are either annual, lasting one year, as the Poppy, 
 Barley, &c. ; biennial, when produced in one year, and 
 flowering the next, as Wheat, Canterbury Bell, &c. ; or 
 perennial, when they last many years, as the Rose, Trees, 
 &c. There are various kinds of roots, some are bulbous, 
 as the Tulip and Onion ; tuberose, as the Potatoe and 
 Turnip ; fusiform, as the Carrot and Radish ; orjibrous, as 
 in Trees and Grasses. The root generally consists of two 
 parts ; the body and the fibres : the latter is the part 
 which imbibes nourishment from the earth for the support 
 of the plant. The seed of a plant committed to the ground, 
 swells by the moisture it imbibes, and, in a few days, 
 throws out two shoots ; the first strikes downward into 
 the soil, and forms the root or radical ; and the other forces 
 its way into the air. As soon as the young plant feeds 
 from the soil, it requires the assistance of leaves, which 
 are the organs by which the plant throws off its super- 
 abundant fluid. Vegetation is then essentially injured by 
 destroying the leaves of a plant. It not only diminishes 
 the transpiration, but also the absorption by the roots ; 
 for the quantity of sap absorbed is always in proportion to 
 the quantity of fluid thrown off by transpiration. 
 
 The Trunk, or Stem, is that part of a plant which pro- 
 duces the leaves and flowers, and serves to elevate them 
 above the ground. It consists, 1. Of the Epidermis, cuticle, 
 or exterior thin membranous covering, furnished with 
 pores, which transmit or throw off the excretory products 
 of vegetation; answering to the skin of animals. 2. The 
 Cor (ex, or outer bark, consists of vesicles and utricles, (small 
 membranous cavities or cells to receive the sap,) so very 
 numerous, and close together, as to form a continued coat- 
 ing. It is among these glands that the work of digestion 
 appears to be performed ; and the product of this elabora- 
 tion is after waids conveyed through the whole vegetable, 
 by vessels propagated through all its parts ; these conduits 
 even passing through the body of the tree, crossing the 
 ligneous strata. In this net-work it is that the colouring 
 matter of vegetables is decomposed : the light which 
 penetrates the Epidermis concurs in enlivening the colour : 
 
 here, likewise, it is that oils and resins are formed, by 
 the decomposition of water and the carbonic acid. 3. The 
 Liber, or inner bark, is the part in which the vital principle 
 of a plant is chiefly seated ; its parts are easily detached 
 from each other ; their laminae, (fibrous scales or layers,) 
 are not extended lengthwise along the stem, but are curved 
 in various directions ; and leave openings, or meshes be- 
 tween them, which are filled by the cellular matter itself, 
 and it is from their resemblance to the leaves of a book, that 
 they have been called liber. It is this part of the bark on 
 which the ancients wrote, before the invention of parch- 
 ment, or paper. In proportion as these coatings approach 
 the ligneous body, or wood, they become hard ; and at 
 length form the external softer part of the wood, which 
 workmen call the sap. The wood or ligneous part of the 
 plant, is a compact fibrous substance, formed by new 
 layers, which are added, every year, from the innermost 
 part of the bark ; so that the age of a tree, or shrub, may 
 be ascertained by the number of ligneous circles which 
 appear upon cutting the stem near the root. 
 
 The bark is the most essential part of the vegetable, by 
 means of which the principal functions of life, such as 
 nutrition, digesting the secretions, &c. are performed. 
 
 The bark of a tree is only a congeries of the roots of the 
 individual buds of the plant. These roots spread them- 
 selves over the last year's bark, making a new bark over 
 the old one, and thence descending, cover with a new 
 bark the old roots also. 
 
 The wood, or ligneous part, is not essential, many plants 
 being without it ; such as grasses, reeds, and all plants 
 that are hollow within. 
 
 The hollow Oak-trees, and Willows, are often seen with 
 the whole wood decayed and gone, and yet the few re- 
 maining branches flourish with vigour. 
 
 Grasses, properly speaking, have only the cortical part. 
 The thin outside cover of the bark is of great consequence 
 to them : it is of great strength, and appears to be con- 
 stituted of a sort of glassy net-work, which is chiefly 
 siliceous earth, as has been lately ascertained. This is 
 the case in the Wheat, Oat, and in different plants. 
 
 The Stalks are those parts which branch out from the 
 
stem, and support the leaves, flowers, or fruits ; as the 
 straw in grasses ; the flower stalks, leaf stalks, &c. 
 
 The Pith is a tolerably firm juicy substance, which is 
 diffused through the inner part of the stalk, to give energy 
 and vigour to the whole ; it is abundant in young plants, 
 diminishes as they grow up, and at length totally disap- 
 pears. 
 
 The Sap is the fluid which nourishes the plant. The 
 warmth of the spring dilates the vessels of plants, produc- 
 ing a kind of vacuum, into which the sap rises ; but, 
 when the cold weather returns, the fibres and vessels con- 
 tract, the sap is forced down into the root; the leaves 
 wither, and are no longer able to perform their offices of 
 transpiration; the secretions stop, the roots cease to ab- 
 sorb sap from the soil, and if the plant be annual, its life 
 then terminates ; if not, it remains in a state of torpor 
 during the winter. The basis of this juice, which the 
 roots suck up from the soil, is water. 
 
 Heat promotes vegetation ; it excites the activity of 
 plants ; it increases the disposition of some of their con- 
 stituent parts for new attraction and combination, to ob- 
 tain such substances as may be requisite and proper for 
 new growth ; it likewise causes them to reject such mat- 
 ters as would be hurtful to them ; it hastens the dissolu- 
 tion or digestion, the formation and secretion of their 
 different products. It enables them to dispose of their 
 superabundant portion of fluids, by promoting perspiration 
 and evaporation. Yet the heat must not be too great, or 
 continued for too long a time, as it occasions a too rapid 
 digestion, and perspiration of their nourishment, and con- 
 sequently an exhaustion. 
 
 Plants have an independent heat of their own. But, if 
 it be difficult to account for the spontaneous production of 
 heat in animal bodies, as all physiologists have found, it 
 must be much more so to account for the generation of 
 vegetable heat. Light, and atmospheric air, at least, arc 
 known to be essential to the vital functions of both. 
 
 In all decomposition, caloric, or heat, is disengaged, and 
 may not the chemical process which takes place within 
 the plant, supply it with the heat which they are acknow- 
 ledged to possess, and which, it is asserted, tempers the 
 cold of the atmosphere ; while the evaporation which takes 
 place through the whole plant, continually moderates the 
 scorching heat of the sun ? 
 
 Dr. Hunter observed, upon this independent heat, that 
 
 by keeping a thermometer placed in a hole made in a sound 
 or healthy tree, it constantly indicated a temperature se- 
 veral degrees above that of the atmosphere, when it was 
 below the fifty-sixth division of Fahrenheit ; whereas the 
 vegetable heat in hotter weather was always several de- 
 grees below that of the atmosphere. The same philoso- 
 pher has likewise observed, that the sap which, out of the 
 tree, would freeze at 32, did not freeze in the tree unless 
 the cold were augmented 15 more. 
 
 But the most remarkable instance of heat in plants 
 upon record, is what is related of the Arum maculatum. 
 Lamarck sa3's, in his Flore Fran^aise, " that when the 
 flowers are in a certain state of perfection, the spadix is 
 so hot as to seem burning, and not at all of the same tem- 
 perature as the surrounding bodies." 
 
 Mr. Senebier noticed that this heat began when the 
 sheath* was about to open, and the spadix\ just peeping 
 forth, and that it was perceptible from three or four o'clock 
 in the afternoon till midnight. 
 
 The Leaves consist of an immense number of fibres or 
 nerves, divided into two sets, one belonging to each sur- 
 face. The surface of the leaf is full of minute pores, 
 through which it imbibes the dew, air, &c. necessary to 
 the growth of the plant, so as to enable it, in some degree, 
 to dispense with supplies from the root ; as we see in 
 plants which live in the water, or swim in that element, 
 which serves them for food ; they have no roots, but receive 
 the fluid at all their pores, and, by decomposition, the 
 hydrogen gas of the water, which constitutes the chief 
 aliment of the plant, is separated, and becomes a principle 
 of the vegetable; while the oxygen gas, the other constituent 
 part of water, is thrown off by the vital forces, escaping by 
 the pores, where the action of light causes its disengage- 
 ment. [See note 1st, upon Gas.] 
 
 Air is also necessary to the growth of a plant. But the 
 air which it requires is not the same appropriated to the 
 use of man. 
 
 Drs. Priestley and Ingenhousz have proved that it is the 
 
 * Sheath, or Spatkea. kind of calyx that opens lengthwise, and 
 puts forth a flower-stalk or spadix, as in the palm arum, &rc. 
 
 It is also applied to the calyx of some flowers which have no spa- 
 dix, as of the narcissus, crocus, iris, <$-c. A membrane investing a 
 stem or branch, as in grasses. 
 
 t Spadix the receptacle proceeding from a spatlic, as in the palm, 
 and some other plants, so called from being produced within a spatha, 
 or sheath. 
 
nitrogen gas which more particularly serves them for ali- 
 ment. Hence it arises that vegetation is more vigorous 
 when bodies which afford this gas by their decomposition 
 are presented to the plant ; these are, animals, or vegeta- 
 bles, in a state of decomposition, or putrefaction. 
 
 Vital air, or oxygen gas, the other constituent part of 
 atmospheric air, is necessary to the respiration of man, 
 and other animals, and this air is copiously emitted by 
 vegetables : this renovation of the atmosphere being ne- 
 cessary to make up for the great consumption of it by 
 respiration and combustion. 
 
 Hence arises a mutual and essential dependence of the 
 animal and vegetable kingdoms upon each other. Ani- 
 mals, in breathing, consume the oxygen air, but return 
 the nitrogen for the use of the veg. viable ; while the vege- 
 table retains the nitrogen of the air, and the hydrogen of 
 the water, for its own use, and returns the oxygen for 
 ours. How admirable the designs of Providence, who 
 makes every different part of the creation thus contribute 
 to the support and renovation of each other! 
 
 The carbonic air dispersed in the atmosphere, or in 
 water, is also necessary to the vegetation of plants, in 
 order to provide their carbonic principle, which is a con- 
 stituent part of ihejibres, oils, mucilage, and other vege- 
 table principle. It is the basis of all vegetable matter. 
 [See Note Zd, on Carbon.] 
 
 Buds of trees may be truly esteemed individual plants ; 
 and, if one of them be planted in the earth, with a cup in- 
 verted over it, to prevent its exhalation from being at first 
 greater than its power of absorption, it will produce a 
 tree similar to its parent. 
 
 Linnaeus observes, that trees and shrubs are roots above 
 ground ; for, if a tree be inverted, leaves will grow from 
 the root-part, and roots from the trunk part. 
 
 Buds and bulbs are all annual productions, termed, by 
 Linnaeus, the hybernacula, or winter cradles of the plant. 
 And Darwin observes, that the same term might properly 
 be applied to seeds also. 
 
 Each bud has a leaf, which is its lungs, appropriated to 
 it. 
 
 Leaves absorb carbonic acid gas, or fixed air, by their 
 upper surface, and give out oxygen gas, or pure respirable 
 air, by their under surface; as first discovered by Dr. 
 Priestley. 
 
 Dr. Ingenhousz improved upon this discovery, by observ- 
 
 ing light to be necessary to these functions ; remarking 
 that in the dark, leaves give out a bad, or carbonic air, and 
 that fruits and flowers almost invariably give out the 
 last mentioned kind of air, at all times, but especially in 
 the dark. 
 
 It has long been known that light acts beneficially upon 
 the upper surface of leaves, and hurtfully upon their under 
 side ; and, if the latter be repeatedly turned to the light, 
 or forcibly kept in such an unnatural position, the leaves 
 grow sickly, black, or discoloured ; as may be seen in 
 plants trained against a wall. 
 
 Some leaves, if separated from their parent branch, and 
 suspended by a slender thread, will turn their upper sur- 
 face to the light, and vary their position, as the sun pur- 
 sues his course. Sword-shaped leaves are an exception; 
 they have no upper or under surface, but are vertical, and 
 do not alter their position. 
 
 Light is considered as a stimulus or agent which de- 
 composes the various nutritive principles, to be found in 
 the air and water. It seems, in many instances, to be 
 the sole cause of the expansion of flowers and leaves ; for 
 when it is withdrawn, they fold together and droop, as if 
 dying ; this has been elegantly termed by Linnseus, " the 
 sleep of the plants ;" and the Mimosa pudica, or sensitive 
 plant, is a beautiful example of it. This plant, if kept in 
 a dark room, for a considerable lime, will require several 
 minutes' exposure to the solar light before the stimulus of 
 the liyht will dispose it to unfold, or expand its leaves. 
 
 Leaves always turn towards the light ; this is necessary 
 to the formation of their colour, as may be seen by the 
 common practice of blanching celery, endive, &c. by co- 
 vering them from the light ; and by plants raised in dark- 
 ness, which are of a sickly white. 
 
 Vegetables become destitute of smell as well as of co- 
 lour, and lose much of their combustibility by growing in 
 the dark. The celebrated Dr. Robertson, of Edinburgh, 
 gives an account of a plant found in the drain of a coal- 
 work under ground, which was very luxuriant, with large 
 indented foliage, and perfectly white. He had not seen 
 any thing like it, nor could any one inform him what it 
 was. He had the plant with a sod brought into the open 
 air in the light, when in a little time the leaves withered, 
 and soon after new leaves began to spring up, of a green 
 colour, and of a different shape from that of the old ones. 
 On rolling one of the leaves between his fingers, he found 
 
that it had the smell of common Tansy, and ultimately 
 proved it to be that plant, which had been so changed by 
 growing in the dark. Indeed it was recollected, that 
 some soil had been taken into the drain from a neighbour- 
 ing garden, some time before it was found so altered. 
 
 It has been ascertained, by experiment, that the green 
 colour of vegetables may be produced by the light of a 
 lamp, in the absence of the more perfect light of the sun; 
 as discovered by the Abbe Tessier. 
 
 Leaves give out moisture by their under surface, in pro- 
 portion to the intensity of light, and not of heat; so that 
 there is scarcely any evaporation during the night. The 
 water which exhales from vegetables is not pure, but 
 serves as the vehicle of the aroma ; it is equal to the third 
 part of their weight every twenty-four hours, in healthy 
 plants. 
 
 Leaves also expose the sap which they receive from the 
 wood, to the action of the air, and return it again to the 
 bark by its fibres or vessels. They also serve to nourish 
 and prepare the buds of the future shoots, which are always 
 formed at the base of the leaf stalk, and to shade them, as 
 well as the fruit, from the too powerful heat of the sun. 
 Hence it is, that in tropical countries the tree is never 
 divested of the leaf. 
 
 Water is the only aliment which the root draws from the 
 earth ; and a plant can live and propagate itself, without 
 any other assistance than the contact of water and air ; as 
 may be seen every day, in the Hyacinth, and other bulbous 
 plants, which adorn our mantlepieces, as well as gramine- 
 ous, or grassy plants, such as wheat, &c. raised in saucers 
 or bottles, containing mere water. 
 
 In vegetables, hydrogen is the principle which fixes 
 itself, while oxygen gas (the other constituent part of 
 water) makes its escape. 
 
 But although pure water is more proper for vegetation, 
 than water charged with salts, yet water may be disposed 
 in a more favourable manner to the developement of vege- 
 tables, by charging it with the remains of vegetable and 
 animal decomposition : the plant then receives juices al- 
 ready assimilated to its nature. Independent of those 
 juices already formed, the nitrogen gas (which has already 
 been mentioned, as constituting one of the nutritive prin- 
 ciples of plants) is abundantly afforded by the alteration 
 of vegetables and animals, and must facilitate their devel- 
 opement. 
 
 Although it has been proved, by various experiments, 
 that pure water is sufficient to the support of plants, we 
 must not, therefore, consider the earth as of no use ; it 
 imbibes and retains water ; it is the reservoir destined by 
 nature to preserve the elementary juice which the plant 
 continually requires ; and to furnish that fluid in propor- 
 tion to its wants, without exposing it to the equally fatal 
 alternatives of being either inundated, or dried up. 
 
 The nature of the soil must be varied accordingly as 
 the plant requires a more or less considerable quantity of 
 water, in a given time ; and accordingly as its roots ex- 
 tend to a greater or less distance. Every kind of earth 
 is not suitable for every plant ; and, consequently, a slip 
 cannot be grafted, indifferently, upon every species. 
 
 A proper soil, is one which affords a sufficiently firm 
 support to prevent the plant from being shaken ; which 
 permits the roots to extend themselves to a distance with 
 ease; which becomes impregnated with humidity, and 
 retains the water sufficiently, that the plant may not be 
 without it when wanted. 
 
 To answer these several conditions, it is necessary to 
 make a proper mixture of the primitive earths, for none 
 of them in particular possesses them. 
 
 Siliceous (white sand) and Calcareous (limy) rnay be 
 considered as hot and drying ; the Argillaceous (clayey), 
 moist and cold ; and the Magnesium, (a primitive earth, 
 having for its base a metallic substance, called Magnesium, 
 generally found in combination with other substances,) as 
 possessing intermediate properties. Each, in particular, 
 has its faults, which render it unfit for culture : clay ab- 
 sorbs water, but does not communicate it; calcareous 
 earth receives and gives it out quickly ; but the properties 
 of these earths are so happily opposed, that they correct 
 each other by mixture. Accordingly we find, that, by add- 
 ing lime to an argillaceous earth, this last is divided ; and 
 the drying property of the lime is mitigated, at the same 
 time that the stiffness of the clay is diminished. 
 
 Saline substances have been supposed of importance in 
 vegetation by some, but they do not appear essential to 
 the growth of any sort of plant except the Marine ; such 
 matters may, however, be of use to vegetation, though not 
 essential to it. That of common salt may operate upon 
 plants as it does upon the human body, by assisting to 
 digest the food, without furnishing nutriment itself. 
 
 It is upon this principle, I presume, that common table 
 
salt mixed with water in a flower pot, will expedite the 
 opening of a rose-bud, or other flower, when plucked from 
 the parent branch. 
 
 Here I will observe, that if a small bit of nitre be added 
 to the pure water, in a vase containing flowers ; the water 
 changed every day, and a small piece of the flower-stalk 
 cut off each time of the change of water, the freshness of 
 the flowers may be preserved for a considerable length of 
 time. 
 
 Secretions. The sap, when exposed to the action of the 
 air, light, and heat, by the leaves, becomes a new fluid, 
 which assumes the peculiar flavour and qualities of the 
 plant. Gum is one secretion, which oozes from the cherry, 
 and other trees ; resin, and turpentine, are of the same 
 nature ; as is, also, the milky juice of the fig, poppy, &c. 
 Almost all the fruit trees yield some sort of gum. And a 
 species of the Acacia tree, in Arabia, yields the Gum 
 Arabic, which is the chief nourishment of the nations of 
 those parts, who obtain it in great quantities from inci- 
 sions which they make in the trees. This Gum Arabic 
 is now in frequent use in our own country ; and forms a 
 good aliment for young children ; particularly when on a 
 sea voyage, where milk cannot be commanded. 
 
 Another secretion is Caoutchouc, or Indian rubber, which 
 is obtained from several species of trees in South America 
 and the East Indies. The botanic names of the two 
 species found in Cayenne, S. A. are Hacvea caoutchouc and 
 Jatropha elastica. The fluid is collected from the tree 
 by incision ; the colour is, at first, a yellowish white, but, 
 by exposure to the air, it becomes dark. Moulds made of 
 clay, in the form of bottles, shoes, &,c. are dipped into it 
 repeatedly, and afterwards dried, and, when of a sufficient 
 thickness, the clay moulds are easily crushed, and the 
 pieces emptied out. 
 
 The natives make vessels of it for containing water and 
 other liquids; and, while soft, all sorts of designs are traced 
 upon it. On account of its inflammability, it is used, at 
 Cayenne, for torches. When warmed, it gives out a pecu- 
 liar odour, but not an unpleasant one ; from its smoke, a 
 considerable quantity of very fine lamp black may be col- 
 lected. 
 
 Rectified oil of turpentine, at common temperature, 
 will afford a complete solution of it ; and, when mixed 
 with a solution of wax, in boiled linseed oil, it composes 
 an elastic varnish, with which they cover balloons ; and 
 
 which might be applied to a variety of useful purposes. 
 
 The fresh cut surface of the Caoutchouc will unite to- 
 gether by simple contact, and, by a proper pressure, may 
 be brought so completely in union, as to be no more liable 
 to separate in that part, than any other. 
 
 The Caoutchouc, when cut in slips and softened by im- 
 mersion in boiling water, may be drawn out to seven or 
 eight times its original length, and will afterwards, by its 
 elasticity, resume very nearly its former dimensions. Dur- 
 ing its extension, a very sensible warmth is produced, as 
 may be discovered by applying it between the lips. 
 
 Another secretion to be found in every vegetable, in a 
 greater or less degree, is sugar ; but generally mixed with 
 gum, sap, or other ingredients. It abounds most in fruits, 
 and roots as the beet, carrot, &c. : but, more particularly 
 in the Saccharum, or sugar-cane. 
 
 The odour of plants, is a volatile oil of a resinous na- 
 ture, communicated to the surrounding atmosphere. This 
 volatile oil is sometimes distributed through the whole 
 plant, as in the Bohemia Angelica ; sometimes it exists 
 in the bark, as in Cinnamon. Balm and Mint contain 
 their oils in the stem and leaves; Elicampane, and the 
 Iris of Florence, in the root ; Rosemary and Thyme, in 
 their leaves and buds ; Lavender, and the Rose, in the 
 calyx of their flowers ; Chamomile, Lemon, and Orange 
 Trees, in the petals. Many fruits contain it through their 
 whole substance, such as Peppers, Juniper, &c. ; Oranges 
 and Lemons, in the zest or peeling which encloses them, 
 &c. 
 
 Fecula is the general name given to the farinaceous 
 substance contained in all seeds, and in some roots as 
 Wheat, Indian corn, the Potato, Parsnip, &c. : it is in- 
 tended by Nature for the first aliment of the young plant. 
 
 Colour. The fixed colours of opaque bodies are, in all 
 probability, owing to their absorbing some of the coloured 
 parts of white light, or rays of the sun, and reflecting 
 others ; their immense variety arising from a mixture of 
 the reflected primitive colours, in various number and 
 proportion. It is impossible to say upon what cause the 
 disposition of reflecting certain colours, in preference to 
 others, may depend. The probability is, that it arises 
 from the different textures of the surfaces. 
 
 There are some flowers, the petals of which are, in dif- 
 erent parts of the same leaf, of different colours ; as of the 
 Heart's Ease, for instance, which, if examined with a good 
 
microscope, will be found to have a different textmre of the 
 blue and yellow parts. The texture, also, of the white and 
 red Rose is very different. 
 
 It is from reflected rays that we judge of the colour of 
 objects. The whiteness of paper, fcc. is occasioned by its 
 reflecting the greatest part of all the rays of light that fall 
 upon it : the blackness of bodies, from their absorbing all 
 the seven coloured rays. 
 
 The whiteness of the sun's light arises from the union 
 of all the primitive colours. These primitive colours are, 
 red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet; ac- 
 cording to Sir Isaac Newton. Dr. Wollaston, who has 
 performed many experiments on the refraction of light, in 
 a more accurate manner than had been previously done, 
 confines them to four colours only red, green, blue, and 
 violet. 
 
 Colours. Some philosophers say there are only three 
 original and truly distinct, viz : the red, yellow, and blue. 
 
 Providence seems to have decorated Nature with an 
 enchanting diversity of colours, for the purpose of beauti- 
 fying the scene, and rendering it a sou - ce of sensible gra- 
 tification. His kindness is also evident in causing such 
 a construction of plants and grasses, as that green, the 
 colour most grateful and beneficial to the eye, should 
 predominate. 
 
 Colours are but phantoms of the day, 
 
 With that they 're born, with that they fade away ; 
 
 Like beauty's charms, they but amuse the sight, 
 
 Dark in themselves, till by reflection bright ; 
 
 With the sun's aid, to rival him. they boast, 
 
 But light withdrawn, in their own shades are lost. 
 
 Hughes. 
 
 Fairest of beings ! first created light ! 
 
 Prime cause of beauty '. for from thee alone, 
 
 The sparkling gem, the vegetable race, 
 
 The nobler worlds that live and breathe their charms, 
 
 The lively hues peculiar to each tribe, 
 
 From thy unfailing source of splendour draw. 
 
 HYMN TO LIGHT. 
 
 * * * * 
 Say, from what golden quivers of the sky 
 
 Do all thy winged arrows fly ? 
 Swiftness and power by birth are thine : 
 From thy great sire they came, thy sire, the word divine. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 When, goddess! thou lift'st up thy waken'd head, 
 
 Out of the morning's purple bed, 
 
 Thy quire of birds about thee play, 
 And all the joyful world salutes the rising day. 
 
 * * * 
 
 All the world's bravery, that delights our eyes, 
 
 Is but thy several liveries ; 
 
 Thou the rich dye on them bestow'st, 
 Thy nimble pencil paints this landscape as thou go'st. 
 
 A crimson garment in the rose thou wear'st, 
 
 A crown of studded gold thou bear' st ; 
 
 The virgin-lilies, in their white, 
 Are clad but with the lawn of almost naked light. 
 
 The violet, spring's little infant, stands 
 
 Girt in thy purple swaddling-bands ; 
 
 On the fair tulip thou dost dote ; 
 Thou cloth'st it in a gay and party-colour'd coat. 
 * * * 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 -Hither emerging from yon orient skies, 
 
 Mallet. 
 
 Botanic Goddess ! bend thy radiant eyes ; 
 O'er these soft scenes assume thy gentle reign, 
 Pomona, Ceres, Flora, in thy train. 
 
 * * * # 
 
 She comes ! the Goddess ! through the whispering air, 
 Bright as the morn, descends her blushing car; 
 Each circling wheel a wreath of flowers entwines, 
 And, gem'd with flowers, the silken harness shines ; 
 The golden bits with flowery studs are deck'd, 
 And knots of flowers the crimson reins connect. 
 And now, on earth, the silver axle rings, 
 And the shell sinks upon its slender springs ; 
 Light from her aiiy seat the goddess bounds, 
 And steps celestial press the pansied grounds. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
' 
 
 FLOWERS. 
 
 THERE are seven parts to a flower the Calyx, Corolla, 
 Stamens, Pistils, Pericarpium, Seed, and Receptacle, 
 
 The Calyx, sometimes called the flower cup, is formed 
 of one or more green or yellow leaves, situated at a small 
 distance from, or close to, the blossom ; its chief use is to 
 support and protect the other parts of the flower ; it is 
 the envelope in which, in most cases, the tender flower 
 lies, for a time, concealed, as the green leaves of a rose- 
 bud, which cover the blossom, and burst as the flower 
 opens. In the rose, it is situated above the germen, or seed 
 vessel ; . but, in the pea, it will be found beneath the seed 
 vessel. 
 
 When remote from the flower, as in the Carrot, and 
 other umbelliferous plants, [3] it is called an Involucre. 
 When contiguous to the flower, or other parts of the fruc- 
 tification, as in the Primrose, &c. it is called a Perianth. 
 
 Some flowers have no Calyx, as the Tulip others have 
 them double, as in the Mallow ; but most flowers have them 
 single, as in the Primrose. 
 
 Linnceus considered the Calyx as a prolongation of the 
 cortex, or outer bark of the plant. 
 
 Calyx. The Perianth is not changed in double flowers : 
 hence the genus, or family, may be often discovered by 
 the calyx. 
 
 The Corolla is formed by the delicate leaves called the 
 blossom ; as the red leaves of a rose, each one of which is 
 called a Petal. It is distinguished from the Perianth by 
 the fineness of its texture, and, generally, by the gayness 
 of its colours. The corolla is considered the termination 
 of the inner bark, or Liber. 
 
 The Stamens are threads within a flower, which have 
 two parts; the filament, or slender part by which they are 
 fastened to the flower ; and the anther (which holds the 
 pollen, or fine powder) situated on the top of the filament. 
 They are seated externally with respect to the pistils, in- 
 ternally with respect to the calyx and corolla. They are 
 inserted either into the calyx, the corolla, or the recepta- 
 cle, rarely either upon the germen, or the style. Their 
 
 number differs in different genera and species of flowers, 
 from one to a hundred or more. 
 
 The Stamens, according to their number, situation, and 
 proportion, furnish the leading principles of distinction in 
 the artificial, or sexual, system of Linnaeus. These or- 
 gans are liable to be changed into petals, in what are 
 termed double flowers; and, if the change be complete, the 
 flower will no longer bear a perfect seed. 
 
 Double flowers become what is botanically termed vege- 
 table monsters, by the multiplication of their petals, or 
 nectaries. 
 
 In those flowers which have many petals, the lowest 
 series of the petals remain unchanged in respect to num- 
 ber : hence, the natural number of the petals is easily dis- 
 covered, as in poppies, roses, nigella, &c. 
 
 The Pistils are the threads situated in the centre of the 
 flower ; adhering to the fruit, for the reception of the 
 pollen. A perfect pistil consists of three parts, the germen, 
 style, and stigma. The thickest part, at the bottom of the 
 pistil, is called the germen, or seed-bud, and contains the 
 rudiments of the young fruit, or seed ; the style stands 
 upon the germen, and serves to elevate the stigma, or 
 highest part of the pistil. The style is various in length, 
 and thickness, but not always present. The stigma which 
 is indispensably necessary, is, in some cases, seated imme- 
 diately upon the germen. The shape of the stigma is 
 either simple, being little more than a point ; or it is capi- 
 tate, like a pin's head, as in the Primrose. In most 
 grasses, the stigmas are amply branched or feathery, to 
 detain the pollen. In the Mallow tribe, there is an abun- 
 dance of viscid moisture evident in the stigma, and their 
 rich purple, or scarlet colour, contrasts beautifully with the 
 large yellow pollen, whose bursting, or explosion, may 
 almost be seen with the naked eye. 
 
 The Pericarpium, or seed-vessel, is the germen grown 
 to maturity. It varies extremely, being pulpy in apples, 
 fleshy in cherries, juicy in gooseberries, and hard in nuts. 
 In other words, the fruit which we eat, is nothing more 
 
than the pericarps, serving to protect the seeds till 
 ripe. 
 
 The Seed is that part of every plant by which it is 
 propagated. The part of the seed which contains the future 
 plant is the germen, vulgarly called the eye, no seed being 
 capable of vegetation, if this be defective. The Anthera, 
 or apex of the stamen, is provided with a fine dust, called 
 the pollen, which, falling on the gummy matter at the top 
 of the pistillum, or pistil, is there absorbed, and carried 
 down into the germen, or seed-vessel, where the seed is 
 perfected and made capable of reproducing the plant. 
 
 The Receptacle is the seventh part of fructification, 
 distinguished by Linnaeus; being the common basis, or 
 point of connection, of the others. It is not always dis- 
 tinguished by any particular figure. In simple flowers, it 
 is, often, little more than a point : in compound flowers, it 
 is very remarkable, and important, serving, by its differ- 
 ences of structure, to afford very good generic distinctions. 
 
 The receptacle of the fructification is common both to 
 the flower and the fruit, or it embraces the corol and the 
 germ. 
 
 A proper receptacle belongs to one fructification only ; 
 a common receptacle connects several florets, or distinct 
 fructifications. 
 
 In some plants the receptacle undergoes great changes, 
 acquiring a different texture in the fruit, from what it had 
 in the flower. Thus, the whole fruit, as we call it, of the 
 Fig, is a common receptacle, at first coriaceous, (resembling 
 leather, or tough,) and, like the rest of the plant, contain, 
 ing a milky acrid juice. It forms a bag, lined with florets, 
 or small flowers, and having a small aperture at the top ; 
 after the flowers are past, this bag becomes pulpy, colour- 
 ed, and full of sweet aromatic juice. So the fruit of the 
 Strawberry is, originally, a small, dry receptacle, subse- 
 quently enlarged, and become pulpy, whose outside is 
 studded with naked seeds. 
 
 The Receptacle of the flower, in Linntean language, 
 means the area, or space between the stamens and styles, 
 in certain genera whose germen is inferior ; as the whole 
 umbelliferous order, Hemlock, Parsley, &c. in which the 
 part in question is more or less tumid, often coloured, and 
 assumes a glandular aspect. 
 
 According to another definition, the Receptacle of the 
 flower, is the base to which the parts of the flower, exclu- 
 sive of the germen, are fixed. 
 
 Nectary, or honey -cup, is that part of the flower, from 
 which bees, and other insects, extract the honey ; a fluid 
 found almost universally in flowers. 
 
 The shape and structure of the nectarium, or nectary, 
 is extremely various ; but commonly uniform in flowers of 
 the same genus ; very frequently, indeed, supplying the 
 most clear and decisive marks, by which one genus is 
 distinguished from another. 
 
 In the Crown Imperial, the nectary is a mere cup, or 
 depression ; in the Lily, a bordered furrow in the claw of 
 each petal ; in the Violet, the base of one petal is elongated 
 into a spur, or bag, containing the honey ; in the Nastur- 
 tium, the nectariferous spur is an elongation of the calyx. 
 
 In the Epimedium, or Sarron-wort, the nectary is of 
 the nature and texture of petals, but perfectly distinct 
 from them, as well as from the calyx ; while, in the Lark- 
 spur, and Columbine, there are nectaries more or less 
 agreeing with their petals, but no calyx. Hence, some 
 botanists reckon their petals, though coloured, the calyx, 
 and their nectaries the only corolla. The neighbouring 
 genus Ranunculus, whose nectaries are pores in the claws 
 of its petals, certainly gives weight to such a determina- 
 tion. 
 
 Some flowers display an elaborate apparatus, which 
 cannot be demonstrated to have any concern in the secret- 
 ing, or holding the honey. Such are the five green bodies, 
 fringed with bristles, each of which bears a globe, in the 
 elegant Parnassia, or Grass of Parnassus. These, not 
 being referable to any other of the usual parts of fructifica- 
 tion, all of which are present besides, are, by analogy, pre- 
 sumed to be nectaries. 
 
 The numerous and complex rays which decorate the 
 Passion Jlower, are equally inexplicable in their nature. 
 But they crown the cell where the copious honey is lodged, 
 while their cellular texture, and vivid variegation of colour, 
 indicate their connection with air and light, two great 
 probable agents in the secretion of that saccharine fluid ; 
 nor does it appear at all improbable, that they share in its 
 elaboration. In other cases, the richly coloured petals of 
 flowers possibly answer the same end. 
 
 ARRANGEMENT OF FLOWERS. 
 
 Flowers are arranged into Classes, Orders, Genera, and 
 Species. 
 
Linnasus has divided the vegetable kingdom into twenty- 
 four classes, which are subdivided into orders. Distinc- 
 tions in each order produce a further division into genera ; 
 and genera are again subdivided into species. 
 
 A Class has been aptly described as bearing some re- 
 semblance to an army, an order to a regiment, a genus to a 
 company, and a species to a soldier. 
 
 In distinguishing a plant, two words are employed ; the 
 first, which is called the generic name, is common to all 
 the species of the same genus ; and the second, termed the 
 specific name, is confined to a single species ; as Rosa mus- 
 cosa, the botanical name for the Moss Rose. Here, rosa 
 is the generic name applicable to the whole genus or fami- 
 ly of roses ; and muscosa is the specific name, used to dis- 
 tinguish the particular kind or species of rose. 
 
 The families, or genera, are characterised by the ana- 
 logy of all the parts of the flower, or fructification. The 
 species axe distinguished by the foliage of the plant ; and 
 the varieties, by an accidental circumstance of colour, 
 taste, or odour. The seeds of these do not always pro- 
 duce plants similar to the parent : this is more certainly 
 accomplished by grafts or layers. 
 
 CLASS. 
 
 The names of the classes are formed of Greek words, 
 expressive of the characters of each class. Those of the 
 first ten may be easily remembered, by considering the 
 word andria, as meaning stamens, and annexing, it to the 
 Greek numerals. 
 
 The first ten classes are distinguished simply by the 
 number of the stamens ; except the fourth and sixth 
 these have stamens of the same length. The fourth has 
 four of the same length the sixth, six of the same length. 
 
 THE NAMES OF THE CLASSES. 
 
 1. Monandria 1 stamen as in the Ginger, Cardamo- 
 
 mom, Arrow root, Turmeric, &.c. 
 The plants of this class are very few, 
 and chiefly found in tropical coun- 
 tries. There are none of this class 
 introduced into this Dictionary. 
 
 2. Diandria 2 stamens as in the Lilac, Jasmine, 
 
 Sage, Fringe tree, &c. 
 
 3. Triandria 3 stamens, as in the Spring Crocus, Iris, 
 
 &c. In this class is found all the 
 different species of Grasses that cover 
 our fields, as also Wheat, Rye, Oats, 
 Sugar-cane, &c. 
 
 4. Tetrandria 4 stamens, as in the Dogwood, Holly, 
 
 &c. 
 
 5. Pentandria 5 stamens, as in the Violet, Parsley, 
 
 Flax, Hemlock. This is the most 
 numerous of all the classes, and 
 comprehends more than one-tenth of 
 the plants at present known. In 
 this you find the Potato, Deadly 
 Night Shade, Tomato, Capsicum, 
 Tobacco plant, Coffee-tree, Currant, 
 Gooseberry, &c. 
 
 6. Hexandria 6 stamens, as in the Rice, Sorrel, As- 
 
 paragus, Lily, &c. 
 
 7. Heptandria 7 stamens, as in the Horse-ehesnut, 
 
 tm 
 
 There are fewer plants in this 
 class than in any other. 
 
 8. Octandria 8 stamens, as in the Whortleberry, 
 
 Evening Primrose, &c. 
 
 9. Enneandria 9 stamens, as in the Laurel, Rhubarb, 
 
 &c. 
 
 10. Decandria 10 stamens, as in the Locust tree, Rue, 
 
 Pink, &c. 
 
 11. Dodecandria has from twelve to nineteen stamens 
 
 in each flower, as in the Mignonette, 
 House leek, &c. 
 
 12. Icosandria 20, or more stamens, attached to the 
 
 calyx, or sometimes, in part, to the 
 corolla. In this class the calyx is 
 always of one piece, divided at its 
 border, and usually permanent. 
 The character of this class indicates 
 the pulpy fruits, which belong to it, 
 to be wholesome. " Sir J. E. Smith 
 has observed, that no traveller, in 
 the most unknown wilderness, need 
 to be afraid to eat the fruit of any 
 plant whose stamens grow upon the 
 calyx." 
 
 The apple, cherry, pear, plum, 
 
&c. belong to this class ; as do the 
 Rose, Hawthorn, &c. 
 
 Flowers that &re.douUe ought not 
 to be consulted, as they lose their 
 distinctive characters ; and are, 
 therefore, useless to the botanist. 
 
 The Dog-rose, or Rosa canina, 
 which grows wild in the woods, is 
 a good specimen of this class. 
 
 13. Polyandria has generally more than twenty sta- 
 
 mens, sometimes less. The charac- 
 ter depends on the part to which 
 they are attached, which is the re- 
 ceptacle. The calyx of this class (if 
 the flower have one) consists of two 
 or more leaves, which generally fall 
 off so soon as the blossom opens. 
 
 It is important to preserve the 
 twelfth and thirteenth classes dis- 
 tinct ; as some late botanists have 
 injudiciously united them into one 
 class. In this class is found the 
 Butter-cup, Larkspur, Poppy, &c. 
 
 14. Didynamia has two short and four long stamens 
 
 as in the Snap Dragon, Mint, Thyme, 
 Lavender, &c. 
 
 All plants of this class, which 
 have naked seeds, are aromatic. 
 
 15. Tetradynamia two short and four long stamens 
 
 as in the Wall Flower, Cabbage, Ra- 
 dish, Turnip, etc. 
 
 The more readily to distinguish 
 this class from the sixth, in which 
 the stamens are of equal length, it 
 may be noticed that the flowers of 
 the 15th class have always four petals, 
 which form a cross, being regularly 
 placed in pairs opposite to each other, 
 and are thence called cruciform or 
 cross-shaped. 
 
 In the 16th, 17th, and 18th 
 
 classes, the stamens are united, by 
 
 the lower parts of the filaments, into 
 
 parcels or brotherhoods. 
 
 16. Monadelphia The stamens are all united in a 
 
 tube around the pistil, forming one 
 brotherhood. They are united at the 
 bottom, but separated at the top. 
 In this class are the beautiful family 
 of Geraniums, the Cotton Plant, 
 Mallow, &c. 
 
 17. Diadelphia The stamens are united into two bro- 
 
 therhoods or parcels. The flowers 
 belonging to this class are all of the 
 same form, called papilionaceous, or 
 butterfly-shaped as the Pea, Clover, 
 Broom, &c. 
 
 18. Polyadelphia The stamens are collected into more 
 
 than two sets, each parcel united at 
 the bottom by the filaments. This 
 class does not contain many plants. 
 In it are found the Orange, St. 
 John's Wort, &c. 
 
 19. Syngenesia The stamens are united by their an- 
 
 thers, into a tube, but the filaments 
 are separate. The Dandelion, Sun 
 Flower, &c. are in this class. 
 
 20. Gynandria The stamens grow out of the pistil, as 
 
 in the Ladies Slipper, Orchis, &c. 
 " Linnaeus included in this class all 
 plants of which the parts in question 
 were in any sense united above the 
 receptacle of the flower. Thus 
 Passiflora, or the Passion flower, 
 whose germen is elevated on a co- 
 lumnar basis, and the stamens in- 
 serted into the summit of the same 
 part, just below it, was considered 
 as Gynandrous. Such a principle is 
 attended with great inconvenience, 
 as in Grewia, an oriental shrub, 
 some species of which have a consi- 
 derable elevation of the germen, and 
 others little or none. It is found, 
 therefore, by far most convenient, 
 not to consider such insertion or 
 union at all as the character of a 
 class or order, unless it takes place 
 upon or above the germen; or, in other 
 words, unless the stamens grow out 
 
of the germen or style. Such is the 
 case decidedly in all the natural 
 family of OrchidecB, or Orchis tribe, 
 as well as in Forestera and Stylidium. 
 On these the class remains very 
 firmly established." See Rces's Cy- 
 clopedia. 
 
 21. Moncecia The stamens and pistils are in separate 
 
 flowers, but on the same plant ; as 
 in the Cucumber, Gourd, Palma- 
 Christi, Arbor Vita, Red Mulberry, 
 Box tree, Indian Corn or Zea, Oak, 
 Walnut, Pine, Amaranth, SfC. 
 
 22. Dicecia The stamens and pistils in separate 
 
 flowers, and on separate plants ; as 
 in the Hop, Willow, Spinage, Hemp, 
 Juniper, Red Cedar, Yew, Poplar, 
 (Lombardy, and other Poplars,) Mis- 
 tletoe, &c. 
 
 23. Polygamia The stamens variously situated ; the 
 
 stamens and pistils being sometimes 
 found in the same flower ; sometimes, 
 flowers with stamens only; others, 
 with pistils only, and these are placed 
 either on the same plant, or on two 
 or three different ones. Such a 
 diversity is very prevalent among 
 the trees of tropical climates, which 
 are, most of them, more or less poly- 
 gamous, as is the case also with many 
 grasses. Yet such a character, being 
 not always permanent, leads to much 
 difficulty in practice. 
 
 In this class are to be found the 
 Ash-tree, Fig, Maple, Mimosa pudica, 
 Acacia of Arabia, &c. 
 
 The writer of the article under 
 the head Polygamia, for Rees's Cy- 
 clopedia, suggests a limitation of this 
 class to those Genera which have a 
 difference of structure in the acces- 
 sory parts of their flowers, (the calyx, 
 corolla, &c.) independent of the 
 stamens and pistils ; flowers so con- 
 structed being permanently distinct ; 
 
 and asserts, that " if the class can- 
 not be supported on this foundation, 
 it must fall to the ground." Some 
 botanists have hastily abolished the 
 class altogether. 
 
 24. Cryptogamia The flowers of this class invisible to 
 the naked eye. It includes Ferns, 
 Mushrooms, Mosses, Sea-weed, Li- 
 chens, or Liverwort, c. 
 
 ORDERS OF THE FOREGOING CLASSES. 
 
 The names of the first thirteen orders are formed from 
 the Greek numerals, but with the addition of the word 
 gynia, instead ofandria. The first thirteen distinguished 
 entirely by the number of pistils. The styles to be count- 
 ed from their base. When the styles are wanting, the 
 number of stigmas determine the order. 
 
 NAMES OF THE FIRST THIRTEEN ORDERS : 
 
 Monogynia 1 Pistil. Heptagynia 7 Pistils. 
 
 Digynia 2 Pistils. Octagynia 8 Pistils. 
 
 Trigynia 3 Pistils. Enneagynia 9 Pistils. 
 
 Tetragynia 4 Pistils. Decagynia 10 Pistils. 
 
 Pentagynia 5 Pistils. Dodecagynia 12 Pistils. 
 
 Hexagynia 6 Pistils. Poly gynia Many Pistils. 
 
 The 14th Class has 2 Orders Gymnospermia, seeds 
 naked at the bottom of the calyx ; as in Laven- 
 der, Mint, &c. And Angiospermia, where the 
 seeds are enclosed in a seed vessel ; as in the Fox 
 Glove. None of the Genera of the 14th or 15th 
 Classes have more than one style. The characters 
 of the Orders are, therefore, taken from the peri- 
 carp. 
 
 15th Class has 2 Orders ; distinguished by the form of 
 the pericarp, or seed vessel ; as Siliquosa, long 
 pods, as the Wall flower, &c. ; and Siliculosa, 
 short pods ; as Honesty, or Satin Flower. 
 
 The 16, 17, 18th Classes In these the Orders are deno- 
 minated from the number of their stamens. 
 
 19th Class has 5 Orders distinguished by the epithet 
 Polygamia. Intimating, that the flowers are 
 compound, and consist of numerous florets, or 
 small flowers, seated on a common receptacle. 
 
1. Polygamia ^Equalis. In this Order, all the florets 
 
 are equally possessed of stamens and 
 pistils ; as the Dandelion. 
 
 2. Polygamia Superflua. The florets of the disk, or 
 
 central part of the flower, have both 
 stamens and pistils ; those of the ray, or 
 circumference, have only pistils : but the 
 latter, as well as the former, produce 
 fertile seeds ; as the China Aster. 
 
 3. Polygamia Frustanea. The florets of the disk have 
 
 both stamens and pistils ; those of the 
 ray neither one nor the other, or are only 
 abortive pistils ; as the Sun Flower, 
 Arkansa coreopsis, &c. 
 
 4. Polygamia Necessaria. The florets of the disk have 
 
 efficient stamens, but abortive pistils ; 
 those of the ray, fertile pistils, impreg- 
 nated by the stamens of the disk ; as 
 the Marigold, or Calendula. 
 
 5. Polygamia Segregata. Distinguished by its doubly 
 
 compound flowers, each floret having 
 its own calyx, in addition to that which 
 surrounds the common receptacle, and 
 forms the whole into one compound 
 flower ; as in the Globe Thistle. 
 
 20. 21. Classes. In these, the Orders have the same 
 names as the preceding classes, and are distin- 
 guished by the number of stamens, or by the 
 union either of the filaments, or of the anthers, 
 or by the attachment of the stamens to the pis- 
 tils. 
 
 22. This Class has 8 Orders the first seven deno- 
 
 minated from the number of stamens. The 
 eighth order, Monadelphia, by the stamens being 
 united into one set ; as the Juniper, Yew, &c. 
 
 23. The Order, denominated from the number of the 
 
 houses, or plants, on which the several kinds of 
 flowers are to be found. It has three Orders : 
 Monoscia, when the stamens and pistils are in 
 separate flowers, but on the same plant. Diaecia, 
 having the stamniferous and pistiliferous flowers 
 on two separate plants. And Tricecia, when the 
 different kinds of flowers are distributed among 
 three distinct individual plants. 
 Linn&us devoted the greater part of his life to the study 
 
 of Botany. He was the first who pointed out the difference 
 between the natural and the artificial method of arrang- 
 ing plants. His sexual system is an example of the latter, 
 though many of its Classes, or Orders, happen to be like- 
 wise natural assemblages. 
 
 Many systems of classification have since been at- 
 tempted, but, notwithstanding the acknowleged merit of 
 these essays, the Linnsean system continues to be the 
 prevailing system, to which all the new Genera, consti- 
 tuted for plants since discovered, are regularly referred. 
 And it is to the advantage of the science, that it should, 
 for a long time yet to come, preserve its ascendency. 
 
 It is the system of Linnaeus that has chiefly been 
 adopted in this little compilation. 
 
 Bernard de Jussieu, the father of the French botanists, 
 deterred, by excess of modesty, from giving his ideas to 
 the world, was the first who laboured at a natural system 
 of arrangement. 
 
 It was not before the year 1759, when he was called up- 
 on, as Professor of Botany, to arrange the royal garden at 
 Trianon, that he ventured to give any publicity to the 
 natural system he had been projecting. What this was, 
 may be seen by his nephew Antony de Jussieu's Genera 
 Plantarum, published in 1789. Bernard de Jussieu be- 
 came acquainted with Linnaeus at Paris, in 1738, and was 
 quite aware of his merits, and disposed to allow them. 
 
 The Natural Orders, as arranged by A. de Jussieu from 
 his uncle's works, are also given in the glossary to this 
 work: he has fifteen Classes, and a hundred Orders. His 
 Orders are mostly named from some leading Genus, which 
 appears to me to be a more satisfactory arrangement. 
 
 Natural Orders of plants are such as are founded on 
 principles of natural affinity ; bringing together, under 
 one point of view, such Genera as have certain characters 
 in common, independent of all artificial modes of classi- 
 fication. 
 
 In the conception of his Orders, Linnaus ever kept the 
 fructification principally in view, though the names of 
 some few of them allude to the habit. 
 There are fifty-eight Natural Orders of Linnaeus. 
 
 NATURAL ORDERS OF LINN^US. 
 
 1. PalmcE Palm Trees. 
 
 2. Piperitce Arum and its allies. 
 
 3. CalamaritB Grass-leaved plants, as Carex. 
 
4. 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 7. 
 
 8. 
 
 9. 
 10. 
 11. 
 12. 
 
 13. 
 14. 
 15. 
 
 Gramina True Grasses. 
 
 Tripetaloidea Juncus, &c. 
 
 EnsataR Sword-leaved plants. 
 
 Orchidea Orchis tribe. 
 
 Scitamineae Amomum, &c. 
 
 Spathaceae Narcissus, Sec. 
 
 Coronaria Liliaceous plants. 
 
 Sarmentacece Convallaria, &c. 
 
 Holeraceae Chenopodium, and various anomalous 
 genera. 
 
 Succulentae Succulent plants. 
 
 Gruinales Geranium tribe. 
 
 Inundates consists of Zannichdlia, Ruppia, Po- 
 tamogeton, Myriophyllum, Ceratophyl- 
 lum, Proserpinaca, Elatine, and Hip- 
 puris. To these are added, in manu- 
 script, by Linnaeus, Chara Naias, 
 Aponogeton, Saururus, Serpicula, Calli- 
 triche, Lemna, and Pistia rather a 
 vague assemblage altogether. 
 
 CalycifloroB Osyris, Trophis, Hippopha, and Elas- 
 agnus. 
 
 Calycanthemos Ejriloliium, Melastoma, &c. 
 
 Bicornes Plants whose pollen is discharged by 
 two pores, or sometimes tubes, as .Erica, 
 Vaccinium, &c. 
 
 HesperidecB Myrtle tribe. 
 
 Rotaceas Anagallis, &c. 
 
 Preci<s Primula, &,c, 
 
 Caryophyllei Pink, Campion, &c. 
 
 TrihilataR Maple, &c. 
 
 Corydales Fumaria, &c. 
 
 Putaminea Capparis, &c. 
 
 MultisiliqucE Helleborus, &c. 
 
 RhcRotdecB Poppy tribe. 
 
 Luridee Night Shade tribe. 
 
 Campa.nace(E Convolvulus, Campanula, &c. 
 
 ContortoB Asclepias, Apocynum, &c. 
 
 Vepreculte Daphne, and its allies. 
 
 Papilionaceos Pea kind. 
 
 Lomentacea Cassia, Mimosa, &c. 
 
 CucurbitaceaR Gourd family. 
 
 16. 
 
 17. 
 
 18. 
 
 19. 
 20. 
 21. 
 22. 
 23. 
 24. 
 25. 
 26. 
 27. 
 28. 
 29. 
 30. 
 31. 
 32. 
 33. 
 34. 
 
 Note 1. GAS. 
 
 Gas is an aeriform fluid, composed of two parts. 1. 
 The particular substance that is converted into gas, by 
 heat or caloric. 2. The Caloric, which, by its chemical 
 combination with the basis, constitutes a gas, or perma- 
 nently elastic fluid, capable of existing in an aeriform 
 state, under the pressure, and at the temperature of the 
 atmosphere. 
 
 To form a gas, or permanently elastic fluid, a chemical 
 
 35. Senticoseec Rose, Bramble, &c. 
 
 36. PomaceaR Apple, Pluin, <fcc. 
 
 37. ColumnifertE Mallow tribe. 
 
 38. TricocccB Euphorbia, &c. 
 
 39. SiliquoatE Cruciform plants. This order Linnaeus 
 
 indicates as having no relationship to 
 any other. It constitutes the Tetrady- 
 namia. 
 
 40. Pereonatee Nearly equivalant to the Didynamia 
 
 Angiospermia. 
 
 41. AsperifolitB Myosotis, Borago, &c. 
 
 42. Verticillatce Answerable to the Didynamia Gym- 
 
 nospermia, with a few ringent Dian- 
 drous genera. 
 
 43. Dumosce Rhamnus, Euonymus, Ilex, Vibernum, 
 
 &c. 
 
 44. Sepiariee The Jasmine tribe. 
 
 45. Umbellate Umbelliferous plants as Parsley, Hem- 
 
 lock, &c. 
 
 46. Hederacees Ivy, and its allies, including Vitis. 
 
 47. Stellatea Galium, Madder, &c. 
 
 48. Aggregates Compound flowers, with separate an- 
 
 thers, as Scabiosa Protea with some 
 of their supposed allies. 
 
 49. Composites Compound flowers, with combined an- 
 
 thers, divided into capitata, as the 
 Thistle : Semiflosculosoi Dandelion : 
 DiscoideoR Tansy, Aster, &c. Oppo- 
 sitifolice Sun flower : Nucamentacees 
 Wormwood : Parthenium, Xanthium, 
 &c. 
 
 50. Amentacea Willow, Oak, &c. 
 
 51. Conifera Fir, Juniper, &c. 
 
 52. CoadunateB Magnolia, &c. 
 
 53. Scabridce Nettle, Fig, &c. 
 
 54. Miscellanea A heterogeneous assemblage, latterly 
 
 much diminished. 
 
 55. Filices Ferns. 
 
 56. Musci Mosses. 
 
 57. MgtE Sea weeds, Lichens, &c. 
 
 58. Fungi The Fungus tribe. 
 
 combination must take place between the caloric and the 
 substance, at the time of its being converted into a gase- 
 ous state. This combination cannot be destroyed, except 
 by the aid of some chemical agent that has a stronger 
 affinity for either of the constituents of the gas. 
 
 Vapour is an elastic fluid, bearing a strong resemblance 
 to a gas ; but vapour is nothing more than the solution, or 
 mechanical division, of any substance whatever in caloric. 
 Caloric in vapour is only latent, and not chemically com- 
 
bined : its union is so slight, as to be separated by simply 
 lowering the temperature. 
 
 Nate 2. CARBON. - 
 
 Carbon, or Charcoal, forms a considerable part of the 
 solid matter of all organised bodies; but it is most abun- 
 dant in the vegetable creation ; and chiefly obtained from 
 wood, when the oil and water (which are the other consti- 
 tuents of vegetable matter) are evaporated ; the black po- 
 rous brittle substance that then remains is called charcoal. 
 
 Charcoal, or artificial carbon, is properly called an Oxyd 
 of Carbon. All carbon is not black many substances 
 consisting chiefly of carbon, are remarkably white ; cotton, 
 for instance, is almost wholly carbon. In the diamond 
 alone, carbon exists in its purest and most perfect state. 
 We are ignorant of the means which nature employs to 
 bring it to that state ; it may probably be the work of ages, 
 to purify, arrange, and unite the particles of carbon in the 
 form of a diamond. 
 
 Oxygen, when in a state of combination with other sub- 
 stances, loses, in almost every instance, its respirable pro- 
 perties, and when combined with carbon, is not only unfit 
 for respiration, but extremely deleterious if taken into the 
 lungs. This accounts for the unwholesome fumes of 
 burning charcoal. By the combustion of charcoal, it 
 gradually combines witli the oxygen of the atmosphere, 
 for which it has a great attraction, and flies off in a gase- 
 ous state, called carbonic acid gas, or fixed air. 
 
 This carbonic acid gas produces many unhappy acci- 
 dents at the opening of cellars, in places where wine, cider, 
 or beer are suffered to ferment. The famous Lake Aver- 
 nus, in Italy, by modern Italians called Lago di Triper- 
 gola, and which Virgil makes the entrance of hell, exhal- 
 ed so large a quantity of carbonic acid gas, that birds could 
 not fly over it with impunity. 
 
 Carbon, in a state of gas, is also found at the celebrated 
 Grotto del Cani, near Naples. History informs us that 
 criminals who were made to descend into the grotto were 
 immediately stifled. 
 
 Water can absorb this gas, as is seen in many of our 
 mineral waters, to which it gives a slight acid taste ; and, 
 although prejudicial to respiration, is is sometimes found 
 to be beneficial to the stomach. 
 
 Note 3. UMBELLIFEROUS PLANTS. 
 
 Umbelliferous plants (from the Latin umbdla, and fero 
 to bear,) are those plants producing the inflorescence call- 
 ed an umbel. A particular mode of flowering, which consists 
 of a number of flower-stalks or rays, nearly equal in length, 
 spreading from a common centre, their summits forming 
 a level, convex, or even globose surface, as in hemlock ; 
 more rarely a concave one, as the carrot. It is simple or 
 compound ; in the latter, each peduncle bears another lit- 
 tle umbel, umbellet, or umbellicle. 
 
 Umbel, is sometimes called a rundle, from its roundness. 
 
 A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF LINN^US. 
 
 It may not be deemed out of place to give a brief sketch 
 of the life of the illustrious author of systematized botany, 
 which has been so nearly perfected by his indefatigable 
 labours. 
 
 CHARLES LINN^US (afterwards Von Linns') was born at 
 Rashult, in Sweden, in 1707. He father, Nicholas Lin- 
 neeus, was minister of the parish of Stenbrohult, to which 
 the hamlet of Rashult belongs. His was a great admirer 
 of the vegetable productions of Nature, and adorned the 
 environs of his rural mansion with the native plants of 
 the neighbouring fields. Young Linnceus caught his 
 parent's enthusiasm, and early imbibed the same taste, 
 with such warmth, that he was never able to bend his 
 mind, with any great success, to other pursuits. He re- 
 lates of himself, that, when yet scarcely four years old, he 
 heard his father descant, to a rural party, on the distinc- 
 tive qualities of some particular plants, culled from the 
 flowery bank on which they were seated, and that this 
 first botanical lecture was ever after remembered as an 
 epoch in his scientific life. 
 
 His father designed him for the church ; but he had no 
 particular relish for the profession, or its preparatory stu- 
 dies, being a very inapt scholar in the study of languages, 
 
 either ancient or modern. In his diary, written in later 
 years, he confesses a peculiar inaptitude, and rather a 
 blameable indifference, for the learning of languages : de- 
 claring, that in all his travels, he learned " neither Eng- 
 lish, French, German, Laplandish, nor even Dutch, though 
 he stayed in Holland three whole years. Nevertheless, 
 he found his way every where well and happily." 
 
 At the age of nineteen, his tutors, like the sapient in- 
 structors of Newton at Cambridge, gave him up as a 
 hopeless dunce ; advising that he should be apprenticed to 
 some mechanical trade. Fortunately for him, and for the 
 world, one of the lecturers on Natural Philosophy, Dr. 
 Rothmann, having observed his passion for the study of 
 Nature, and his practical observation, recommended to 
 his disappointed parent to turn his attention to the study 
 of medicine ; which advice was adopted, and he, after- 
 wards, became a practising physician of some eminence. 
 The amiable professor who had thus interested himself for 
 him, gave him private instruction in physiology. He first 
 suggested to Linnaeus the true principles upon which 
 botany ought to be studied founded on the parts of fruc- 
 tification, and put the system of Tournefort into his hands, 
 whose orders are distinguished by the fruit. Its very im- 
 
perfections proved useful, in prompting him to attempt 
 something more complete thereafter. 
 
 From that time, Linnaeus devoted all his leisure to his 
 favourite study. In early life he had to struggle with 
 many difficulties ; being so poor, as frequently to depend 
 upon chance for a meal ; and without the means of paying 
 for a patch upon his shoes, which he sometimes endea- 
 voured to repair himself, by the aid of folded paper. But 
 merit and industry will always find their reward, arid rise 
 proudly superior to all impediments. The lustre of his 
 abilities soon drew the attention of some of the most 
 learned men in Europe, who encouraged and patronized 
 him. He was, after a time, elected a member of various 
 scientific academies throughout Europe ; and, in his own 
 country, made Secretary of the Upsal Academy, the only 
 one then in Sweden ; besides many other distinguished 
 marks of the high estimation in which he was held in his 
 native country, and in the literary world. 
 
 His studies were not wholly confined to botany, but ex- 
 tended to other branches of natural history, as may be 
 seen by the publication of his many scientific and varied 
 works. 
 
 In the spring of 1732, he received from the Academy 
 of Sciences at Upsal, an appointment to travel through 
 Lapland, under the royal authority, and at the expense of 
 the Academy. He was but slenderly provided with bag- 
 gage, travelled generally on horseback, but visited the 
 Lapland Alps on foot descending to the coast of Norway, 
 he returned by Tornea, &c. to Upsal, by the 10th of Octo- 
 ber, having performed a journey of near 4000 English 
 miles. 
 
 When in Lapland, he gathered at Lyksele, May 29th, 
 1732, an elegant and singular little plant, formerly known 
 to botanists as the Campanula Serpyllifolia. Linnaeus, by 
 his study of vegetables on the only certain principles, the 
 structure of their parts of fructification, soon found this 
 to constitute a new genus ; but he reserved the idea in his 
 own breast, till such time as his discoveries and publica- 
 tions had entitled him to botanical commemoration : and 
 his friend Gronovius, in due time, undertook to make this 
 genus known to the world under the name of Linn&a 
 it having been chosen by himself for this purpose. 
 
 In the course of his tour having learned the art of as- 
 saying metals, he in the following year gave a private 
 course of lectures on this subject, which had never before 
 been taught at Upsal. 
 
 The arts of his rival Rosen having disappointed him of 
 his anticipated medical advancement in the college at 
 Lund, and, by his intrigues, put a stop to all private medi- 
 cal lectures in the university of Upsal, thus depriving 
 Linnaeus of his only present means of subsistence, our in- 
 defatigable naturalist directed his energies into another 
 channel ; in furtherance of his study of mineralogy, he 
 visited the mines of Sweden, and, at the close of the year 
 
 1733, he gave a course of lectures at Fahlun, on the art of 
 assaying. Here he first became acquainted with Browal- 
 lius (chaplain to the governor of the province of Dalecarlia, 
 afterwards bishop of Abo) who advised him to take his 
 doctor's degrees, in order to pursue the practice of medi- 
 cine, in which he had already acquired some celebrity 
 while at Fahlun. 
 
 In pursuance of this advice, Linnaeus, having amassed 
 the sum of fifteen pounds sterling, now commenced his 
 travels, with a view of obtaining his degree at the cheap- 
 est university he could find, and, at the same time, seeing 
 something more of the literary world. He spent five years 
 in visiting the principal countries of Europe ; his merit 
 raised him up patrons and friends wherever he was 
 known ; through many difficulties, it is true, did he have 
 to work his way, but still he went onward, supported by 
 the native energy of his character, gaining information at 
 every step, and extending his own fame. He tells us 
 himself, he would perhaps never have returned to his own 
 country, " had he not been in love ;" but hearing that he 
 had a powerful rival in the affections of her to whom he 
 had plighted his faith, he suddenly returned to Sweden, 
 and, after a time, having acquired such a degree of pros- 
 perity as to induce the father of his betrothed to consent 
 to their union, he was married June 26, 1739. 
 
 How distant oft the thing we dote on most, 
 From that for which we Aole, felicity! 
 
 This consummation of his ardent aspirations for the last 
 five years of his life, brought with it no access either of 
 happiness or prosperity. This idol of his heart, is repre- 
 sented as altogether unworthy; and of a kindred spirit 
 with the unnatural mother of the. unfortunate poet Savage, 
 displaying the same hatred of her only son, and persecut- 
 ing him by every means within her power, during the life 
 of her husband, who was made miserable by her miscon- 
 duct and petty tyranny, and, after his death, still pouring 
 out the dregs of her wrath upon the admirable and sen- 
 sitive being who naturally looked to her for support and 
 comfort. 
 
 But let us turn from so disgusting and painful a theme, 
 to bestow a double portion of admiration upon that being, 
 who, amidst all these chilling blights to his happiness, still 
 laboured with untiring zeal in the cause of literature. 
 
 About the year 1751, the queen of Sweden, Louisa Ulri- 
 ca, sister to the great Frederic of Prussia, having a taste 
 for natural history, which her royal consort, king Adol- 
 phus Frederick, also patronized, showed much favour to 
 Linnteus, and employed him in arranging her collection of 
 insects and shells, at her country-palace of Drotningholm, 
 or Ulricksdahl, and he was frequently honoured with the 
 company and conversation of their majesties, during his 
 attendance there. The queen also interested herself in the 
 education of her son, and was altogether gracious and 
 
obliging in all that concerned him, promoting his wishes 
 and his interest, whenever opportunity offered. She took 
 so much pleasure in the conversation of her distinguished 
 naturalist, that she allowed him his habitual indulgence 
 of smoking, even in her royal apartments, that he might 
 continue his labours with the more satisfaction to himself. 
 Nor were his services accepted without suitable returns 
 of royal munificence. 
 
 In 1753, he received, from the hand of his sovereign, 
 the order of the Polar Star ; an honour which had never 
 before been conferred for literary merit. A still more 
 remarkable, if not more grateful compliment, was paid 
 him, not long after, by the king of Spain; who invit- 
 ed him to settle at Madrid, with the offer of nobility, the 
 free exercise of his religion, and a splendid botanical ap- 
 pointment. This was handsomely declined by Linnaeus, 
 who declared, that if he had any merits, they were due to 
 his own country. This patriotic moderation received its 
 just reward in November, 1756, when he was raised 
 to the rank of Swedish nobility, and look the name of 
 Von Linne. 
 
 As the habits of Linnseus were temperate and regular, 
 he retained his health and vigour in tolerable perfection, 
 notwithstanding the immense labours of his mind, till be- 
 yond his sixtieth year; when his memory began, in some 
 degree, to fail him. In 1774, at the age of sixty-seven, an 
 attack of apoplexy greatly impaired his constitution. Two 
 years afterwards, he had a second attack, which rendered 
 him paralytic on the right side, and materially affected 
 his faculties. He died of a different complaint, in 1778, 
 
 aged seventy-one. His sovereign, Gustavus III. com- 
 manded a medal to be struck, expressive of the public loss 
 his country had sustained in him ; and honoured the 
 Academy of Science, at Stockholm, with his presence, 
 when the eulogy of this ornament to his country was pro- 
 nounced there by his intimate friend Black. A still higher 
 compliment was paid to his memory by the king, in a 
 speech from the throne, in which he did justice to the 
 splendid talents and acquirements of his illustrious subject, 
 and testified his royal sympathy with the sorrow of a 
 whole nation, in their irreparable loss. Nor was this sor- 
 row limited to the narrow bounds of his native soil : the 
 whole literary world, with whom he had become inti- 
 mately connected, and to whom he was endeared, felt the 
 shock of such a bereavement. Eulogies were pronounced 
 in the several scientific institutions of which he was a 
 member. In his own country, there was a general mourn- 
 ing proclaimed at Upsal his remains were deposited in a 
 vault near the west end of the cathedral of the university, 
 where a monument of Swedish porphyry was erected by 
 his pupils. His obsequies were performed in the most 
 respectful manner, by the whole university, the pall being 
 supported by sixteen doctors of physic, all of whom had 
 been his pupils. 
 
 Five years after this, the remains of his only son (then 
 in his forty-second year, successor to his father in his 
 botanical professorship, which he supported with ability) 
 were laid by the side of the parent ; the family coat of 
 arms broken over them, and their mingled ashes strewed 
 with flowers. 
 
RETURN, SICILIAN MUSE, 
 
 AND CALL THE VALES, AND BID THEM HITHER CAST 
 THEIR BELLS, AND FLOWERS OF A THOUSAND HUES. 
 
 Milton's Lycidas. 
 
 FROM FLOWERS WHICH WE TWINE FOR THE TEMPLE OF LOVE, 
 LOVE ITSELF MAY INSTRUCTION RECEIVE. 
 
 Ji H. Payne. 
 
 COME, MAKE UP A NOSEGAY 
 
 FOR HER WHOSE LOVE YOU PRIZE, 
 
 CHOOSE WHAT YOU WILL} HERE ARE ENOUGH, 
 
 WILD BLOOMS, AND GARDEN FLOWERS. 
 
 Anonymous. 
 
 FROM GIANT OAKS, THAT WAVE THEIR BRANCHES DARK, 
 TO THE DWARF MOSS, THAT CLINGS UPON THEIR BARK. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 OH ! WHAT TENDER THOUGHTS BENEATH 
 THOSE SILENT FLOWERS ARE LYING, 
 HID WITHIN THE MYSTIC 'WREATH 
 MY LOVE HATH KISs'o IN TYING. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 ACACIA, Rose. 
 
 Robinia hispida. 
 
 Friendship. 
 
 If I do vow a friendship, I '11 perform it. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Angels from friendship gather half their joy. 
 Heaven gives us friends to bless the present scene. 
 
 Young. 
 
 Friendship ! thou soft propitious pow'r ! 
 t Sweet regent of the social hour ! 
 Sublime thy joys, nor understood, 
 But by the virtuous and the good ! . . . . Cotton. 
 
 Nor hope to find 
 
 A friend, but what has found a friend in thee. 
 All like the purchase, few the price will pay ; 
 And this makes friends such miracles below. Young. 
 
ACACIA. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 The friends thou hast, and their adoption try'd, 
 Grapple them to thy soul with hooks of steel. Shaks. 
 
 Old friends, like old swords, are trusted best. Webster. 
 Be good and friendly still, and oft return. . . Milton. 
 
 ACACIA, White. 
 R. Pseudo acacia. 
 Common Locust Tree. 
 
 Elegance. 
 
 Trifles themselves are elegant in him. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 To these resistless grace impart, 
 
 That look of sweetness fbrm'd to please, 
 
 That elegance devoid of art, 
 
 That dignity that 's lost in ease. . . . Cartwright. 
 
 So soft, so elegant, so fair, 
 
 Sure something more than human 's there. 
 
 Smollet. 
 
 ACACIA, Yellow. 
 
 Concealed love. Hard is the fate of him who loves, 
 
 Yet dares not tell his trembling pain. . . Thomson. 
 
 Much he laboured to conceal 
 That gentle passion of the breast, 
 Which all can feign, but few can feel. 
 
 Ingenuous fears suppress'd the flame, 
 Yet still he own'd its hidden power, 
 
 With transport dwelling on her name, 
 
 He sooth'd the solitary hour. . . . Cartwrighl. 
 
 How long must I conceal, 
 What yet my heart could wish were known ? 
 How long the truest passion feel, 
 
 And yet that passion fear to own ? 
 
 Carlwright. 
 
 Fire, that 's closest kept, burns most of all. . . Shaks. 
 
 Nor less was she in heart affected, 
 But that she masked it with modesty, 
 For fear she should of lightness be detected. 
 
 Spencer's Faery Queen. 
 
 She felt his flame ; but deep within her breast, 
 
 In bashful coyness, or in maiden pride, 
 
 The soft return conceal'd ; save when it stole 
 
 In sidelong glances from her down-cast eye, 
 
 Or from her swelling soul in stifled sighs. Thomson. 
 
 She long'd her hidden passion to reveal, 
 And tell her pains, but had not words to tell : 
 She can't begin, but waits for the rebound, 
 To catch his voice, and to return the sound. 
 
 Addisorfs Ovid. 
 
ADONIS, Flos. 
 Adonis autumn alls. 
 
 Pheasant's eye ; or, 
 Red morocco. 
 
 Sorrowful remem- Oh ! never yet hath love successfully with 
 
 brances. memory strove. L. E. L. 
 
 Of all afflictions taught a lover yet, 
 
 'Tis sure the hardest science to forget ! . . . Pope. 
 
 Dost thou deem 
 
 It such an easy task from the fond breast 
 To root affection out ? Southey. 
 
 Unequal task ! a passion to resign, 
 
 For hearts so touch'd, so pierc'd, so lost as mine. Pope. 
 
 Oh ! to forget her ! but how vain each art, 
 
 Whilst every virtue lives imprinted on my heart. Shaw. 
 
 Too faithful memory cease oh cease 
 
 How shall I e'er regain my peace ! .... Shaw. 
 
 There 's not a garden walk I tread, 
 
 There 's not a flower I see, 
 But brings to mind some hope that 's fled, 
 
 Some joy I 've lost with thee Song. 
 
 ALMOND. Dwarf. 
 Amygdalus pumila. 
 
 Hope ! thou sad lover's only friend ! ... Cowley. 
 
 Transmit one pitying ray to lighten and to cheer ! 
 
 Young. 
 
 Return, fair Hope, thy seat resume, 
 
 Dispel this melancholy gloom, 
 
 And to my soul thy gladsome light impart. 
 
 jEschylus' Agamemnon. 
 
 Come, gentle Hope ! with one gay smile remove 
 
 The lasting sadness of an aching heart : 
 
 Thy voice, benign enchantress ! let me hear. Williams. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 The hope in dreams of a happier hour, 
 
 That alights on misery's brow, 
 Springs out of the silvery almond flower, 
 
 That blooms on a leafless bough Moore. 
 
 ALTH^A. Frutex. 
 
 Hibiscus Syriacus. 
 Syrian Mallow. 
 
 Consumed by love. 
 
 My heart 's on flame, and does like fire 
 To her aspire. ...... 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 His love was passion's essence as a tree 
 On fire by lightning : with ethereal flame 
 Kindled he was Byron. 
 
ALTHAEA. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Love was to his impassion'd soul, 
 
 Not, as with others, a mere part 
 Of his existence, but the whole, 
 
 The very life-breath of his heart Moore. 
 
 What must love be in a heart 
 All passion's fiery depths concealing, 
 
 Which has in its minutest part 
 More than another's whole of feeling ? . . L. E. L. 
 
 Answer. 
 Violent fires soon burn out themselves. 
 
 . . Shaks. 
 
 The more thou dam'st it up, the more it burns ; 
 The current, that with gentle murmur glides, 
 Thou know'st, being stopp'd, impatiently doth rage ; 
 But when his fair course is not hindered, 
 He makes sweet music with th' enamell'd stones. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Those edges soonest turn that are most keen, 
 
 A sober moderation stands sure, 
 
 No violent extremes endure Alleyn. 
 
 ALOE. 
 Aloe. 
 
 Religious superstition. 
 
 In climes beneath the solar ray, 
 
 Where beams intolerable day, 
 
 And arid plains in silence spread, 
 
 The pale-green Aloe lifts its head, 
 
 Delighting most its shade to fling 
 
 Where streams run not, nor fountains spring. 
 
 Its mystic branch, at Moslem's door, 
 
 Betokens travel long and sore 
 
 In Mecca's weary pilgrimage ; 
 Or hangs a visionary charm 
 To shield him from the secret harm, 
 
 The spectre's form, the demon's rage. 
 
 In frames adust, in fervid minds, 
 Its root thus superstition finds, 
 Where'er that noxious growth is found, 
 There spreads a moral desert round, 
 Where charity's sweet fount is dried, 
 And only bitter waters glide. 
 Oh ! never may its gloomy shade 
 Darken my gate, my breast invade, 
 
 Proclaiming that the thorny path 
 Of useless rigours I have trod, 
 With offered pangs to please a God 
 
 Not of compassion, but of wrath. 
 
ALOE. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Against the demon passion's strife, 
 The phantom fears which shadow life, 
 Virtue a better spell supply! 
 And trust in that Benignant Eye 
 Which wills not, in all earth's wide sphere, 
 One idle pang, one needless tear. . . . 
 
 C***e. 
 
 AMARANTH. Immortality. 
 
 Amaranthus. 
 
 His love was an eternal plant, whereof 
 The root was fix'd in virtue's ground. 
 
 They sin who tell us love can die, 
 With life all other passions fly, 
 
 All others are but vanity. 
 In heaven ambition cannot dwell, 
 Nor avarice in the vaults of hell ; 
 Earthly these passions of the earth, 
 They perish where they have their birth 
 
 But love is indestructible. . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Anon. 
 
 The lily's hue, the rose's dye, 
 The kindling lustre of an eye ; 
 Who but owns their magic sway ! 
 Who but knows they all decay ! 
 
 The tender thrill, the pitying tear, 
 The generous purpose, nobly dear, 
 The gentle look, that rage disarms 
 These are all immortal charms. 
 
 Burns. 
 
 AMARANTH. Globe. Unchangeable. 
 Gomphrena globosa. 
 
 Here still is the smile that no cloud can o'ercast, 
 And the heart, and the hand, all thy own to the last. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 For ever thine, whate'er this world betide, 
 
 In youth, in age, thine own, forever thine. A. A. Watts. 
 
 The very thoughts of change I hate. 
 
 As much as of despair ; 
 Nor ever covet to be great, 
 
 Unless it be for her 
 
 Parnell. 
 
 No change in love the seasons bring, 
 Love only knows perpetual spring, 
 
 Time destroying far and wide, 
 
 Love from the soul can ne'er divide. 
 Love will the universe control 
 When dying seasons cease to roll. . 
 
 Unalterably firm his love entire. 
 
 Booth. 
 
 Milton. 
 
AMARYLLIS. Splendid beauty. Beauty, too rich for use, for earth too dear. . Shake. 
 
 A. Formosissima. A shape of beauty that bewitched mine eye. . . ^. 
 
 Her glossy hair was clustered o'er her brow, 
 Bright with intelligence, and fair and smooth : 
 
 Her eye-brow's shape was like the aerial bow. 
 Her cheek all purple with the beam of youth, 
 
 Mounting at times, to a transparent glow, 
 As if her veins ran lightning Byron. 
 
 Fair lovely lady, bright and crystalline ! 
 As glorious as the morning wash'd with dew, 
 Within whose eyes she takes her dawning beams 
 And golden summer sleeps upon thy cheeks ; 
 Wrap up thy radiations in some cloud, 
 Lest that thy beauty make this stately town 
 Unhabitable as the burning zone, 
 With sweet reflections of thy lovely face. . . S/taks. 
 
 AMBROSIA. 
 Ambrosia. 
 
 Love returned. She was beloved she loved Shaks. 
 
 Soft eyes look'd love, to eyes which spoke again. Byron. 
 
 Love has a fleeter messenger than speech, 
 
 To tell love's meaning. His express post 
 
 Upon the orbs of vision, ere the tongue 
 
 Can shape them into words G. Colman,jr. 
 
 Theirs was love in which the mind delights 
 
 To lose itself. Byron. 
 
 The all-absorbing flame 
 Which, kindled by another, grows the same, 
 Wrapt in one blaze Byron. 
 
 Answer. 
 What sweet delirium o'er his bosom stole ! 
 
 Beatlie. 
 
 I am lost in ecstasy ! Dost thou love, 
 
 Thou charming maid ? 
 This is life indeed ! Life worth preserving. 
 Such life as " I have" never felt till now. 
 My joy, my best belov'd, my only wish ! 
 How shall I speak the transport of my soul ! Addison. 
 
 My soul, my life, 
 Seem'd all too little for your happiness. . . L. E. L. 
 
 Oh! 'tis a heaven worth dying for! .... Watts. 
 
AMER. STAR WORT. 
 
 Michaelmas Daisy. 
 Aster tradescanti. 
 
 Cheerfulness in 
 old age. 
 
 Though time thy bloom is stealing, 
 There 's still beyond his art, 
 
 The wild-flower wreath of feeling, 
 The sunbeam of the heart. . . 
 
 Halleck. 
 
 Virtue gives pleasure an eternal reign. . . . Young. 
 
 Virtue can brook the thoughts of age, 
 
 That lasts the same through every stage. . . Gay. 
 
 What nothing earthly gives, or can destroy, 
 
 The soul's calm sunshine, and the heart-felt joy, 
 
 Is virtue's prize Pope. 
 
 ANEMONE. 
 
 Zephyr's Flower. 
 Anemone vernalis. 
 
 Expectation. For him she breathes the silent sigh forlorn, 
 
 Each setting day for him, each rising morn. Darwin. 
 
 He used to come, in happier hours, 
 Upon my gift of token flowers. . . 
 
 . . C. G. 
 
 He comes not sends not faithless one ! 
 
 It is no dream and I am desolate ! . . . . Byron. 
 
 That breathless, agoniz'd suspense 
 
 From whose hot throbs, whose deadly aching 
 
 The heart hath no relief but breaking ! . . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 ARBOR VITJE. 
 
 Thuja. 
 
 for me. With heart never changing, and brow never cold. Moore. 
 I live in pleasure, when 1 live to thee D. 
 
 Unless I look on Sylvia in the day, 
 There is no day for me to look upon. 
 She is my essence : and I leave to be, 
 If I be not by her fair influence 
 Foster'd, illumin'd, cherish'd, kept alive. 
 
 Gladly I 
 With thee would live, with thee would die. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Horace. , 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Elvira blush'd the warm reply, 
 (To love a language not unknown,) 
 The milder glories fill'd her eye, 
 And there a softer lustre shone. 
 
 Cartwright. 
 
AURICULA, Scarlet. AtttYVtC. Avarice, whatever shape it bears, 
 
 Must still be coupled with its cares Gay. 
 
 Primula auricula. 
 
 Can gold calm passion, or make reason shine ? 
 
 Can we dig peace, or wisdom, from the mine ? 
 
 Wisdom to gold prefer ; for 'tis much less 
 
 To make our fortune, than our happiness. . . Young. 
 
 What ever fortune lavishly can pour, 
 The mind annihilates, and asks for more. 
 Wealth is a cheat ; believe not what it says : 
 Like every lord, it promises and pays. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 The poor are only poor, 
 But what are they who droop amid their store 1 Young. 
 
 Gold hath no lustre of its own, 
 
 It shines by temperate use alone Horace. 
 
 Why lose we life in anxious cares, 
 
 To lay up hoards for future years ? . . . . . Gay. 
 
 BACHELOR'S BUTTON. / with the morning's When T said l would die a bachelor, I did not think 
 
 love have oft made I should I live till I were married Shake. 
 
 Lychnis dioica. sport. 
 
 Love's a mighty lord ; 
 
 And hath so humbled me, as I confess 
 
 There is no woe to his correction, 
 
 Nor, to his service, no such joy on earth ! 
 
 Now, no discourse, except it be of love 
 Now can I break my fast, dine, sup, and sleep, 
 Upon the very naked name of love ShaJcs. 
 
 Your beauty was the cause of that effect : 
 
 Your beauty which did haunt me in my sleep. same. 
 
 Your virtues, graced with external gifts, 
 
 Kindle love's settled passion in my heart. . . same. 
 
 Ever till now 
 When men were fond, I smil'd and wonder'd how. same. 
 
 Now 1 am 
 "As true a lover as ever sigh'd on midnight pillow." same. 
 
 Never man sigh'd truer breath same. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Flora's choice buttons of a russet die, 
 
 Is hope even in the depths of misery. . . . Brown. 
 
BALM. 
 
 Melissa officinalis. 
 
 Sympathy. A world of earthly blessings to my soul 
 
 If sympathy of love unite our thoughts. . . . Shaks. 
 
 Love's soft sympathy imparts 
 That tender transport of delight 
 That beats in undivided hearts. . . . Cartwright. 
 
 What my tongue dares not, that my heart shall say. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 BALSAM, Red. 
 
 Touch me not. 
 Impatiens. 
 
 Impatient resolves. 
 
 Let me this fondness from my bosom tear, 
 Let me forget that e'er I thought her fair : 
 Come, cool indifference, and heal my breast, 
 Wearied at length, I seek thy downy rest : 
 No turbulence of passion shall destroy 
 My future ease with flattering hopes of joy. Lyttleton. 
 
 No more my eyes shall view her fatal charms. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 Not all her arts my steady soul shall move, 
 
 And she shall find that reason conquers love. . same. 
 
 I '11 not be made a soft and dull ey'd fool, 
 
 To shake the head, relent, and sigh, and yield. Shaks. 
 
 Yield up, O love! thy crown, and hearted throne, 
 To tyrannous hate ! swell, bosom ! with thy fraught, 
 For 'tis of aspic's tongue si ....... same. 
 
 I am Misanthropes, and hate mankind. . . . same. 
 
 BALSAM. Yellow. 
 Noli me tangere. 
 Impatiens. 
 
 Impatience. Impatience waiteth on true sorrow. .... Shaks. 
 
 Who in patience parts with all delight. . . . Byron. 
 They can be meek, that have no other cause. Shaks. 
 
 Was she not all my fondest wish could frame ? 
 
 Did ever mind so much of heaven partake ? . Shaw. 
 
 Ah ! what avail my love and truth ? 
 
 She listens to no lowly swain ; 
 Her charms must bless some happier youth, 
 
 Some youth of Fortune's titled train. 
 
 Yet, will the youth, whoe'er he be, 
 
 In truth or tenderness excel ? 
 Or will he on thy charms like me, 
 
 With fondness never-dying dwell ? 
 
*- 
 
 BALSAM. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 What though his boastful heart be vain 
 Of all that birth or fortune gave, 
 
 Yet is not mine, though rude and plain, 
 At least as noble and as brave ? 
 
 Cartwright. 
 
 BASIL. Sweet. Good wishes. Joy and fresh days of love accompany your hearts. S/iaks. 
 
 Ocimum. I 'd have each hour, each minute of thy life 
 
 A golden holyday ; and should a cloud 
 O'ercast thee, be it light as gossamer, 
 That Helen might disperse it with a breath, 
 And talk thee into sunshine Geo. Coleman. 
 
 Peace be around thee, wherever thou roamest, 
 May life be to thee a summer's day ; 
 
 And all that thou wishest, and all that thou lovest, 
 Come smiling around thy sunny way 
 
 As half in shade, and half in sun, 
 This world along its path advances, 
 
 May that side the sun 's upon, 
 Be all that e'er shall meet thy glances. 
 
 May Time, that sheds its blight on all, 
 And daily dooms some joy to death, 
 
 O'er thee let years so gently fall, 
 They shall not crush one flower beneath. , 
 
 O'er the sea, 
 Fain would I waft such blessings upon thee. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 So fare thee well, and may th' indulgent gods 
 * * * grant thee every wish 
 Thy soul can form ! Once more farewell ! 
 
 Sophocles' Philocletes. 
 
 BAY LEAF. 
 
 Laurus. 
 
 I change but in dying. 
 
 fao let the Eagle change his plume, 
 The leaf its hue, the flower its bloom; 
 But ties around this heart were spun, 
 That could not, would not be undone. . . Campbell. 
 
 Changeless as the greenest leaves 
 
 Of the wreath the cypress weaves. . . . L. E. L. 
 
 Change as ye list, ye winds, my heart shall be 
 
 The faithful compass that still points to thee. . Gay. 
 
 How dear the dream in darkest hour of ill, 
 
 Should all be changed, to find thee faithful still ! 
 
 Be but thy soul like Selim's firmly shown; 
 
 To thee be Selim's tender as thy own. 
 
 To soothe each sorrow, share in each delight, 
 
 Blend every thought, do all but disunite. . Byron. 
 
BAY WREATH. The reward of merit. O, your desert speaks loud ; and I should wrong it, 
 
 To lock it in the wards of covert bosom, 
 Laurus nobilis. When it deserves with characters of brass 
 
 A forted residence, 'gainst the tooth of time, 
 
 And razures of oblivion ......... Shaks. 
 
 The fame that a man wins himself, is best ; 
 That, he may call his own ; * * 
 
 ***** 
 
 So man's true fame must strike from his own deeds. 
 
 Middleton. 
 
 How vain are all hereditary honours, 
 
 Those poor possessions from another's deeds, 
 
 Unless our own just virtues form our title, 
 
 And give a sanction to our fond assumption. Shirley. 
 
 'Tis much he dares ; 
 
 And to that dauntless temper of his mind, 
 He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valour 
 To act in safety. . ......... Slw.ks. 
 
 A spirit unequalled, and high, 
 
 That claims, and seeks ascendancy ..... Byron. 
 
 A sage in head, a demi-god in war. . . . Teackle. 
 
 He sits 'mongst men, like a descended god : 
 
 He hath a kind of honour sets him off, 
 
 More than a mortal seeming ....... Shaks. 
 
 I 've scanned the actions of his daily life, 
 
 And nothing meets mine eye but deeds of honour. 
 
 Hannah More. 
 
 Good actions crown themselves with lasting BAYS, 
 Who deserves well, needs not another's praise. Heath. 
 
 BELVIDERE. I declare against you. Miserable most, to love unlov'd Shaks. 
 
 Scoparia dulcis. Pray you, no more of this ; 
 
 I would love you, if I could same. 
 
 Wild Liquorice. 
 
 Reason and love keep little company together now a days. 
 A veronica. same. 
 
 Oh, 'tis the curse of love, and still appprov'd, 
 
 When women cannot love, where they 're belov'd. same. 
 
 Of all pains, the greatest pain 
 
 It is to love, but love in vain Cowley. 
 

 BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL. 
 Lotus. 
 
 Revenge. I have done penance for contemning love ; 
 
 Whose high imperious thoughts have punished me 
 With bitter fasts, with penitential groans, 
 With nightly tears, and daily heart-sore sighs ; 
 For in revenge of my contempt of love, 
 Love hath chas'd sleep from my enthralled eyes, 
 And made them watchers of mine own heart's sorrow. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Alas ! that love, so gentle in his view, 
 
 Should be so tyrannous and rough in proof! . same. 
 
 Box. 
 
 Buxus. 
 
 Constancy. ^ u * ^ am constant as the northern star, 
 
 Of whose true fix'd and resting quality 
 There is no fellow in the firmament ..... Shaks. 
 
 The proof of all the past, 
 Assures the future that my love will last. . . Moore. 
 
 Here is my hand for my true constancy ; 
 
 And when that hour o'er-slips me in the day, 
 
 Wherein I sigh not, Julia, for thy sake, 
 
 The next ensuing hour some foul mischance 
 
 Torment me for my love's forgetfulness! . . Shaks. 
 
 The strong base and building of my love 
 
 Is as the very centre of the earth, 
 
 Drawing all things to it ....... <f. same. 
 
 His thoughts are high, his love is wise 
 
 And though he does not always smile, 
 
 He loves unto the end ....... Montgomery. 
 
 Seasons may roll, 
 But my true soul 
 Burns the same, where'er it goes. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 BROOM. 
 Genista. 
 
 Humility. Humility, that low sweet root, 
 
 From which all heavenly virtues shoot. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Humility is eldest-born of virtue, 
 
 And claims the birth-right at the throne of Heaven. 
 
 Murphy. 
 
 It is the witness still of excellence, 
 
 To put a strange face on his own perfection. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Merit was ever modest known Gay. 
 
BROOM. I. you* 1 s lass . 
 
 Will modestly discover to yourself, 
 (Continued.) That of yourself, which yet you know not of. Shaks. 
 
 I know the gentleman 
 To be of worth, and worthy estimation, 
 And not without desert so well reputed. . . same. 
 
 The rather will I spare my praises towards him, 
 Knowing him, is enough. ........ same, 
 
 The force of his own merit makes his way. . . same. 
 
 BUTTER CUP; Riches. Wooing thee, I found thee of more value 
 
 Than stamps in gold, or sums in sealed bags ; 
 or, King Cup. And 'tis the very riches of thyself, 
 
 That now I aim at Shaks. 
 
 Ranunculus acris. 
 
 She is indeed a gem 
 Fit to adorn the brightest crown : to see 
 
 
 
 Is to admire her Dr. Thomas Franklin's 
 
 -c< i r-ar i 
 Larl of Warwick. 
 
 Had I a crown, all I should prize in it 
 
 Would be the power to lay it at your feet. . Dryden. 
 
 Were I in the wildest waste sae black and bare, 
 The desert were a paradise, if thou wert there. 
 Were I monarch o' the globe, with thee to reign, 
 The brightest jewel in my crown, wad be my queen. 
 
 Burns. 
 
 Wert thou as far 
 
 As that vast shore washed by the distant sea, 
 I would adventure for such merchandise. . . Shaks. 
 
 Were I crown'd the most imperial monarch, 
 Thereof most worthy: were I the fairest youth 
 That ever made eye swerve ; had force and knowledge, 
 More than ever man's I would not prize them 
 Without her love same. 
 
 CALLA, JEthiopica. Feminine Modesty. In flowers and blossoms, love is wont to trace 
 
 Emblems of woman's virtues and her grace ; 
 
 Arum ,/Ethiopicum. Both pure, both sweet, both form'd with curious skill, 
 
 The quaint analogy surprises still. 
 Hence rose a mystic tongue, which I know not, 
 Or, with love's other language have forgot : 
 At " thirty," one may gaze on rose and lily, 
 Nor grow poetic, amorous, nor silly. 
 
-* 
 
 CALLA, ^Ethiopica. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Yet, fair exotic ! by this single rule, 
 
 That thy name speaks thee of " the Beautiful," 
 
 (A race by ancient gods and modern men 
 
 Alike ador'd,) thou should'st engage my pen : 
 
 The more, that thy chaste hue of modest white 
 
 Evokes the thought of one as pure, as bright ; 
 
 On whose fair brow most legibly is writ, 
 
 What more enchants, than beauty, grace, or wit : 
 
 Of thai, with thy fresh circling leaf of green, 
 
 (.An artless robe, adapted to thy mien,) 
 
 Henceforth in Flora's reign the emblem be, 
 
 And bear the name of Female Modesty* . . C***e. 
 
 CALYCANTHUS. Benevolence. 
 
 ,H0<jdJ lo w.- 
 C. floridus. 
 
 s ito 
 .oiaitl liaw 
 
 i'j i oJ sod' 
 
 Nature all, is blooming and benevolent like thee. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Like a sweet flower that on the passing breeze 
 
 Sheds its rich fragrance like a pure star shining 
 
 With tranquil glory in a summer sky ; 
 
 So pure, so gentle, so benevolent, 
 
 That men were doubtful if of earth she was, 
 
 Or spirit, haply straying from its home. . . S. P. C. 
 
 His heart no selfish cares confin'd, 
 
 He felt for all that feel distress ; 
 And still benevolent and kind, 
 
 He bless'd them, or he wish'd to bless. Cartwright. 
 
 CAMELLA, Japonica. 
 
 Japan Rose. 
 C. J. 
 
 Pity- 
 
 Lucia, though sworn never to think of love, 
 Compassionates your pains, and pities you. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Heaven has not cursed me with a heart of steel 
 But given the sense to pity and to feel. 
 
 Homer's Odyssey. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 What is compassion, when 'tis void of love ? 
 
 She pities me ! 
 
 To one that asks the warm return of love, 
 Compassion 's cruelty, 'tis scorn, 'tis death. Addison. 
 
 If I could temporize with my affection, 
 
 Or brew it to a weak or colder palate, 
 
 The like allayment could I give my grief. 
 
 My love admits no qualifying dross ; 
 
 No more my grief, in such a precious loss. . . Sfiaks. 
 
 * Note. To which the Romans erected two temples. 
 
HI* 
 
 CANTERBURY BELL. 
 Campanula medium. 
 
 Gratitude. And you, my dearest friend ! How shall I thank you ? 
 
 What shall I do to show my grateful heart ? 
 
 Sophocles' Philoctetes. 
 
 I cannot tell thee what I feel, for words 
 Have not the power to shadow forth the soul's 
 Deep and intense affections ; but my heart, 
 My life, already thine, again I give thee 
 
 Poor evidence of my sumless gratitude. . S. P. C. 
 
 I have a grateful soul, would give you thanks, 
 
 And knows not how to do it, but with tears. . Shaks. 
 
 Take his thanks, that yet hath nothing else 
 
 If fortune serve me, I '11 requite this kindness. same. 
 
 The debt immense of endless gratitude ! 
 
 Milton. 
 
 CAPE JASMINE. 
 
 Gardenia florida. 
 
 Transport. Ecstasy. She bids me hope ! and in that charming word, 
 
 Has peace and transport to my soul restored. Lyttleto7i. 
 
 Tune your harps, 
 
 Ye angels, to that sound ; and thou, my heart, 
 Make room to entertain thy flowing joy. 
 Hence all my griefs, and every anxious care ; 
 One word and one kind glance can cure despair. Dryden. 
 
 What shall I answer thee ? My ravish'd heart 
 O'erflows with secret joy. 
 
 I 'm blind with too much light : 
 O'ercome with wonder, and oppress'd with joy. 
 This vast profusion of extreme delight, 
 Rising at once, and bursting from despair, 
 Defies the aid of words, and mocks description. Lillo. 
 
 My spirits, as in a dream, are all bound up. . Shaks. 
 
 For joy like this, death were a cheap exchange ! 
 
 jEschylus' 1 Agamemnon. 
 
 CARDINAL'S FLOWER. 
 Lobelia cardinalis. 
 
 Distinction. Dost grasp at greatness ? first know what it is : 
 
 Think'st thou that greatness in distinction lies ? 
 Not in the feather, wave it e'er so high, 
 Is glory lodg'd : 'tis lodg'd in the reverse ; 
 
 A deathless soul Young. 
 
 'Tis the mind that makes the body rich : 
 
 And as the sun breaks through the darkest clouds, 
 
 So honour peereth in the meanest habit. . . . Shaks. 
 
CARDINAL'S FLOWER. 
 
 (Continued. ) 
 
 High stations tumult, but not bliss create, 
 
 None think the great unhappy, but the great. Young. 
 
 Keen are the pains advancement often brings 
 To be secure, be humble to be happy, be content. 
 
 Pride, like an eagle, builds among the stars ; 
 
 But pleasure, lark-like, rests upon the ground. same. 
 
 And often to our comfort shall we find] 
 
 The sharded beetle in a safer hold, 
 
 Than is the full-wing'd eagle Shaks. 
 
 The chase 
 
 Of glory is delightful, but when won, 
 It brings disquiet Euripides' Iphigenia. 
 
 Fondness for fame is avarice of air Young. 
 
 CATCH FLY, Red. Youthful love. 
 Silene. 
 
 It is the show and seal of nature's truth, 
 
 When love's strong passion is imprest in youth. Shaks. 
 
 What can match the spell divine, 
 
 The first impassion'd dream of youth ! . Anonymous. 
 
 Loving with all that wild devotion, 
 That deep, and passionate emotion 
 Loving with all the snow-white truth, 
 That is found but in early youth ; 
 Freshness of feeling, as of flower, 
 That lives not more than spring's first hour. L. E. L. 
 
 But sweeter still than this, than these, than all, 
 
 Is first and passionate love it stands alone, 
 
 Like Adam's recollection of his fall Byron. 
 
 CATCH FLY, White. 
 
 Silene. 
 
 [fall into the trap Yet who could have suspected an ambush, 
 
 laid for me. where I was taken ? Shaks. 
 
 All unavoided is the doom of destiny. . . . same. 
 What Fates impose, that men must needs abide, same. 
 
 Let none think to fly the danger, 
 For soon or late, love is his own avenger. . . Byron. 
 
 What e'er betides, by destiny 'tis done, 
 
 And better bear like men, than vainly seek to shun. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 
CATCH FLY, White. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Alas, what stay is there in human state, 
 
 Or who can shun inevitable fate ? . . . . Dryden. 
 
 CEDAR. 
 Juniperus. 
 
 / live for thee. To thee, my love, my heart, my life are due. Langhorne. 
 
 Thou art my light of life! without thee, bliss, 
 
 Even the bliss of angels, were but pain ; 
 
 But with thee, earth hath not a wilderness 
 
 So dark, but 'twould be blessed paradise. . S. P. C. 
 
 All that of myself is mine, 
 Lovely Amoret, is thine. 
 
 Be mine, dear maid ! this faithful heart 
 
 Can never prove untrue ; 
 'Twere easier far with life to part, 
 
 Than cease to live for you. . . . 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Terry. 
 
 My soul, gone forth from this lone breast, 
 
 Lives only, love, in thine ; 
 There is its holy home of rest, 
 
 Its dear, its chosen shrine 
 
 CHINA ASTER, Double. 
 Aster chinensis. 
 
 I partake your Mutual love the crown of all our bliss! 
 
 sentiments. 
 
 Each fear that chill'd their loves was past. 
 
 'Tis not in fate to harm me, 
 While fate leaves thy love to me ; 
 
 'Tis not in joy to charm me, 
 Unless that joy be shared with thee. . . 
 
 . Milton. 
 . Moore. 
 
 Be mine the more refined delights 
 
 Of love, that banishes control, 
 When the fond heart with heart unites, 
 
 And soul 's in unison with soul. . . . Cartwright. 
 
 Where heart meets heart, reciprocally soft, 
 Each other's pillow to repose divine. . . . Young. 
 
 CHINA ASTER, Single. 1 will think of it. Be not ^hearten'd, then nor cloud those looks 
 
 * r FKof Tirrrit f/i ho innro nhoorfnl nrH cpr*>np /Ml, 
 
 Aster chinensis. 
 
 That wont to be more cheerful and serene. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 We would not sink thy soul 
 
 With fear in the excess, nor raise it high 
 
 With confidence. . . . JEschylus. The Persians. 
 
CHINA ASTER, Single. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Oft expectation fails, and most oft there 
 Where most it promises : and oft it hits 
 Where hope is coldest, and despair most sits. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Shales. 
 
 Those gracious words revive my drooping thoughts, 
 And give my tongue-tied sorrows leave to speak. Shake. 
 
 I spy some pity in thy looks same. 
 
 Do not hold forth a grace, then snatch it from me. 
 
 JEschylus* Prometheus Chained. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM, 
 
 Rose colour. 
 
 Chrysanthemum Indicum. 
 
 My heart will burst, an if I speak, 
 
 And I will speak, that so my heart may burst. Sftaks. 
 
 Yet, 
 
 Why should I blush to own I love ? 
 'Tis love that rules the realms above. 
 Why should I blush to say to all, 
 That virtue holds my heart in thrall ? H. K. White. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM, White. 
 Chrysanthemum Indicum. 
 
 Oh, she had yet the task to learn, 
 
 How often woman's heart must tarn 
 
 To feed upon its own excess 
 
 Of deep, yet passionate, tenderness ! 
 
 How much of grief the heart must prove, 
 
 That yields a sanctuary to love ! . . . . L. E. L 
 
 Truth. All my offering must be 
 
 Truth, and spotless constancy L. E. L. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Truth needs no flowers of speech. Pope. 
 
 \l 
 
 True as a needle to the pole, 
 
 Or as the dial to the sun ; 
 
 Constant as gliding waters roll, 
 
 Whose swelling tides obey the moon ; 
 
 From ev'ry other charmer free, 
 
 My life, and love, shall follow thee Booth. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 /~- 
 
 How sweet the words of truth, 
 Breath'd from the lips of love Beattie. 
 
CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Eloquence glows on your lips, 
 
 When you swear that you '11 love me for ever. Moore. 
 
 Thy words had such a melting flow, 
 
 And spoke of truth so sweetly well, 
 
 They dropp'd, like heaven's serenest snow, 
 
 And all was brightness where they fell ! . . same. 
 
 Her heart all love, her soul all truth. 
 
 Dibdin. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM, Slighted love. 
 Yellow. 
 
 Chrys. Indicum. 
 
 Still dash'd with blushes for her slighted love. 
 
 Addison's Ovid. 
 
 Was it for this I loved him so, 
 
 And lavished hopes that brightly shone ? . . . C. G. 
 
 Did I not love him with the purest flame ? 
 
 And give up friends and fortune for his sake ? Shaw. 
 
 Love's summer flower, how soon thou art decayed 
 Opening amid a paradise of sweets, 
 Dying with withered leaves, and cankered stem ! 
 Gone and the trusting heart which thou hast made 
 So green, so lovely, for thy dwelling place, 
 
 Left to desolation ! L. E. L. 
 
 s 
 
 It may be sport to win a heart, 
 
 Then leave that heart to pine and die ! Westmacott. 
 
 CLOVER, Red. 
 Trifolium pratense. 
 
 Indtistry. If little labour, little are our gains : 
 
 Man's fortunes are according to his pains. 
 
 Herrick. 
 
 One alone 
 
 May do the task of many, when the mind 
 Is active in it Sophocles' CEdipus. 
 
 Industrious wisdom often does prevent 
 
 What lazy folly thinks inevitable. Abdicated Prince. 
 
 Absence of occupation is not rest, 
 
 A mind quite vacant, is a mind distress'd. . Cowper. 
 
 The keenest pangs the wretched find, 
 
 Are rapture to the dreary void 
 
 The leafless desert of the mind 
 
 The waste of feelings unemploy'd Byron. 
 
 Like a coy maiden, ease, when courted most, 
 
 Farthest retires an idol, at whose shrine 
 
 Who oft'nest sacrifice are favour'd least. . Cowper. 
 
COCK'S COMB. 
 Celosia cristata. 
 Amaranthus. 
 
 Foppery. Affectation. The gaudy cocfc's comb, idly vain, 
 
 Appears in all its showy bloom. . . Fables of Flora. 
 
 Coxcombs are of all ranks and kind, 
 They 're not to sex, or age, confined, 
 
 Of rich, or poor, or great, or small, 
 
 'Tis vanity besets them all Gay. 
 
 The leopard's beauty, without the fox's wit, is no better 
 than a fop in a gay coat L'Estrange. 
 
 Ah! friend ! to dazzle let the vain design, 
 
 To raise the thought and teach the heart be thine. Pope. 
 
 COLUMBINE, Purple. 
 Aquilegia. 
 
 Resolved to win. This hand, I cannot but in death resign ! . Dryden. 
 
 Think'st thou 
 
 That I could live, and let thee go, 
 Who art my life itself? no no. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 To prevail in the cause that is dearer than life, 
 
 Or, crush'd in its ruins, to die ! .... Campbell. 
 
 COLUMBINE, Red. Anxious and trembling. How throbbed my fluttering pulse with hopes and fears. 
 
 Rogers. 
 A. canadensis. 
 
 Thrown into tumult, raptur'd or alarm'd ! . . Young. 
 
 Hope and fear maintain eternal strife 
 
 Where fleeting joy does lasting doubts inspire, 
 
 And most we question what we most desire. . Prior. 
 
 O ! soothe my soul to rest 
 And calm the rising tumult in my breast. 
 
 Sophocles' 1 (Edipus Tyrannus. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 The rose is fairest when 'tis budding new, 
 
 And hope is brightest when it dawns from fears. Scott. 
 
 CONVOLVULUS. 
 Convolvulus. 
 
 Uncertainty. Hope and fear alternate sway'd his breast, 
 Like light and shade upon a waving field, 
 Coursing each other, when the flying clouds 
 Now hide, and now reveal the sun Home. 
 
CONVOLVULUS. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 For love pursues an ever devious race, 
 
 True to the winding lineaments of grace. . Campbell. 
 
 COREOPSIS, Arkansa. 
 Coreopsis tinctoria. 
 
 Love at first sight. No warning of the approaching flame, 
 Swiftly, like sudden death it came, 
 I lov'd the moment I beheld ! Granville. 
 
 A change so swift, what heart did ever feel ? 
 
 It rush'd upon me like a mighty stream, 
 
 And bore me in a moment far from shore. 
 
 I 've lov'd away myself: in one short hour, 
 
 Already am I gone an age of passion. . . . Dryden. 
 
 She seizes hearts, not waiting for consent, 
 Like sudden death, that snatches, unprepared ; 
 Like fire from heaven, scarce seen so soon as felt. 
 
 Lansdowri's Heroic Love. 
 
 Oh ! there are looks and tones that dart 
 An instant sunshine through the heart ; 
 As if the soul, that minute, caught 
 Some treasure it through life had sought ! 
 
 Thou com'st in beauty on my gaze at last, 
 Image of many a dream in hours past ! 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Halleck. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 IB it possible, that love should of a sudden take such 
 hold? Shaks. 
 
 The worst fault you have is to be in love 
 
 'Tis a fault I would not change for your best virtue. 
 
 same. 
 
 COWSLIP, Common. 
 Primula veris. 
 
 Winning grace. A soft subduing grace around her breathed. 
 
 F. 
 
 A lovelier nymph the pencil never drew ; 
 
 For the fond graces form'd her easy mien, 
 
 And heaven's soft azure in her eye was seen. Hayley. 
 
 Fairer than the ghost of the hills, when it moves in a 
 sun-beam at noon, over the silence of Morven. 
 
 Ossian. 
 
 Fair as the forms, that, wove in fancy's loom, 
 
 Float in light vision round the poet's head. . Mason. 
 
CROCUS. 
 Crocus. 
 
 Cheerfulness. Frame your mind to mirth and merriment, 
 
 Which bars a thousand harms, and lengthens life. Shaks. 
 
 Then her mirth oh ! 't was sportive as ever took wing 
 From the heart, with a burst, like the wild bird in spring. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 While her laugh, full of life, without any control 
 
 But the sweet one of gracefulness, rung from her soul. 
 
 And where it most sparkled, no glance could discover, 
 
 In lip, cheek, or eyes, for she brighteri'd all over. 
 
 Like any fair lake that the breeze is upon, 
 
 When it breaks into dimples, and laughs in the sun. 
 
 same. 
 
 I cannot paint to thee the charm 
 Which thou hast wrought on me, 
 
 Thy laugh, so like the wild bird's song, 
 
 In the first bloom-touch'd tree L. E. L 
 
 CROWN IMPERIAL. Majesty. Power. 
 Fritillaria imperialism 
 
 In his face sat meekness, heighten'd with majestic grace. 
 
 Denham. 
 
 Who paused to look again, 
 Saw more than marks the crowd of vulgar men. Byron. 
 
 The power of thought the magic of the mind. same. 
 
 See, what a grace was seated on this brow : 
 
 Hyperion's curls ; the front of Jove himself; 
 
 An eye, like Mars, to threaten and command ; 
 
 A station like the herald Mercury, 
 
 New-lighted on a heaven-kissing hill ; 
 
 A combination and a form, indeed, 
 
 Where every god did seem to set his seal, 
 
 To give the world assurance of a man! . . . Shaks. 
 
 What peremptory eagle-sighted eye, 
 
 Dares look upon the heaven of her brow, 
 
 That is not blinded by her majesty ? . . . . same. 
 
 High on the circle of her brow erithron'd, 
 From each majestic motion darting awe, 
 Devoted awe ! till cherish'd by her looks 
 Benevolent, and meek confiding love, 
 To rapture soften'd all the soul. . . 
 
 Akenside. 
 
 His changing cheek, his sinking heart, confess 
 
 The might the majesty of loveliness. . . . Byron. 
 
CYPRESS. 
 
 Cupressus sempervirens. 
 
 Despnir. You are the cause of all my care 
 
 I love, and I despair ! . . . . 
 
 Prior. 
 
 My eyes confess it. 
 
 My every action speaks my heart aloud. 
 But, oh ! the madness of my high attempt 
 Speaks louder yet ! and altogether cry, 
 I love, and I despair 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 I fly the fatal house suppress my sighs, 
 
 Resolv'd to dry my unavailing tears : 
 
 But, ah ! in vain no change of time or place 
 
 The memory can efface 
 Of all that sweetness, that enchanting air, 
 Now lost ; and naught remains but anguish and despair. 
 
 Shaw. 
 
 Now cold despair, succeeding in her stead, 
 
 To livid paleness turns the glowing red. 
 
 His blood, scarce liquid, creeps within his veins, 
 
 Like water which the freezing wind constrains. Dryden. 
 
 The lifted arm of mute despair arrest, 
 
 And snatch the dagger pointed at his breast. Darwin. 
 
 DAFFODIL. 
 
 Great Yellow Daffodil. 
 Narcissus major. 
 
 Chivalry. 
 
 Daffodils 
 
 That come before the swallow dares, and take 
 The winds of March with beauty. . . . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Bright as the bow that spans the storm, 
 In Erin's yellow vesture clad, 
 
 A son of light, a lovely form, 
 
 He comes and makes her glad. . . , 
 
 . Campbell. 
 
 'Twas Redmond by the azure eye ; 
 
 'Twas Redmond by the locks that fly 
 
 Disordered from his glowing cheek ; 
 
 Mien, face, and form, young Redmond speak. 
 
 A form more active, light, and strong, 
 
 Ne'er shot the ranks of war along ; 
 
 The modest, yet the manly mien, 
 
 Might grace the court of maiden queen. . . 
 
 . Scott. 
 
 I do not think a braver gentleman, 
 
 More active-valiant, or more valiant -young, 
 
 More daring, or more noble, is now alive, 
 
 To grace this latter age with noble deeds. . . Shaks. 
 
DAFFODIL. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Answer. 
 
 But now I am returned, and that war thoughts 
 
 Have left their places vacant, in their rooms 
 
 Come thronging soft and delicate desires, 
 
 All prompting me how fair young Hero is. . . Shales. 
 
 Most fair, 
 
 Will you vouchsafe to teach a soldier terms 
 Such as will enter at a lady's ear, 
 And plead his love-suit to her gentle heart ? . same. 
 
 DAHLIA. 
 Dahlia. 
 
 For tver thine. ^ or ever thine ! 'mid fashion's heartless throng, 
 
 In courtly bowers, at folly's gilded shrine. 
 Smiles on my cheek, light words upon my tongue, 
 My deep heart still is thine for ever thine. 
 
 A. A. Watts. 
 
 Amidst the world, the only one 
 Whose light, among so many lights, 
 Was like that star, on starry nights 
 The seaman singles from the sky, 
 To steer his bark for ever by. . . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 For ever thine, whate'er this heart betide ; 
 
 For ever thine, where'er our lot be cast. A. A. Watts. 
 
 In pleasure's dream, or sorrow's hour, 
 
 In crowded hall or lonely bower, 
 
 The business of my soul shall be, 
 
 For ever to remember thee ! Moore. 
 
 DAISY, Red. 
 
 Bellis. 
 
 Beauty unknown to 
 the possessor. 
 
 The beauty that is borne here in her face, 
 
 The bearer knows not of. ...... " . . Shaks. 
 
 Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white 
 
 Nature's own sweet and cunning hand laid on. same. 
 
 Her eyes, her lips, her cheeks, her shapes, her features, 
 Seem to be drawn by love's own hands, by love 
 Himself in love ........... Dryden. 
 
 Is she not more than painting can express, 
 
 Or youthful poets fancy when they love ? . . Rowe. 
 
 \. 
 
 As lamps burn silent, with unconscious light, 
 
 So modest ease in beauty shines most bright ; 
 
 Unairning charms with edge resistless fall, 
 
 And she who means no mischief, does it all. A. Hill. 
 
DAISY, White. 
 
 Bellis. 
 
 Innocence. 
 
 Whose white investments figure innocence. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Flowers sweet and gay, and delicate like you, 
 Emblem of innocence, and beauty too. Mrs. Barbauld. 
 
 The bloom of opening flower's unsullied beauty, 
 
 Softness, and sweetest innocence she wears, 
 
 And looks like nature in the world's first spring. Rowe. 
 
 Then her face, 
 
 So lovely, yet so arch, so full of mirth, 
 The overflowings of an innocent heart. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 Her manners, by the world refin'd, 
 Left all the taint of modish vice behind, 
 And made each charm of polish'd courts agree 
 With candid truth's simplicity, 
 And uncorrupted innocence Lyttelton. 
 
 Her heavenly form 
 Angelic, but more soft and feminine, 
 Her graceful innocence, her every air 
 Of gesture or least action, overaw'd Milton. 
 
 DANDELION. 
 Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 Coquetry. This is the flower that smiles on every one. . Shaks. 
 
 In crowds around thee gaze the admiring swains. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 The butterfly of various hue, 
 More than these flowers resemble you ; 
 Fair, flutt 'ring, fickle, busy thing, 
 To pleasure ever on the wing, 
 Gaily coquetting for an hour, 
 To die, and ne'er be thought of more. 
 Yet certain, as these flowers fade 
 Time every beauty will invade Gay. 
 
 All my fond love, thus do I blow to heaven ! . . Shakt. 
 
 Vain was the vow to forsake, or forget, 
 
 A look brought him back to the dear coquette. . . L. 
 
 
 DEW PLANT. 
 
 Mesembryanthemum. 
 
 A Serenade. Where should this music be ? i' the air, or the earth ? 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 'Twas musical, but sadly sweet, 
 
 Such as when winds and harp-strings meet. . Byron. 
 
DEW PLANT. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 A soft and solemn-breathing sound 
 Rose like a stream of rich distill'd perfumes, . 
 And stole upon the air Milton. 
 
 How sweetly did they float upon the wings 
 
 Of silence, through the^mpty vaulted night, 
 
 At every fall smoothing the raven-down 
 
 Of darkness, till it smiled same. 
 
 I was all ear, 
 
 And took in strains that might create a soul 
 Under the ribs of death. .... . same. 
 
 Soft stillness, and the night 
 Become the touches of sweet harmony. 
 
 . . Shaks. 
 
 But the gentlest of all, are those sounds full of feeling, 
 That soft from the lute of some lover are stealing 
 Some lover, who knows all the heart-touching power 
 Of a lute, and a sigh, in the magical hour. . . Moore. 
 
 " And yonder lattice, where thick vine-leaves 
 Are canopy, a maiden leans she has caught 
 A shadow and she sees a well known form 
 Amid those trees, and with her hair flung back, 
 She listens to his song * The song she loved.' " 
 
 With rapt ear drink the enchanting serenade, 
 
 And, as it melts along the moonlight glade, 
 
 To each soft note return as soft a sigh, 
 
 And bless the youth that bids her slumbers fly. Rogers. 
 
 DOGWOOD BLOSSOM. 
 Cornus. 
 
 / am perfectly in- If e'er I lov'd her, all that love is gone. . 
 different to you. 
 
 Never did captive with freer heart 
 
 Cast off his chains of bondage 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Such love, by flattering charms betray'd, 
 
 Shall yet indignant soon rebel, 
 And, blushing for the choice he made, 
 
 Shall fly where gentler virtues dwell. 
 
 'Tis then the mind, from bondage free, 
 
 And all its former weakness o'er, 
 Asserts its native dignity, 
 
 And scorns what folly prized before. . Cartwright. 
 
 Answer. 
 She gladly shunn'd, who gladly fled from her. Shaks. 
 
EGLANTINE. I wound to heal. 
 
 European Sweet Briar. 
 Rosa rubiginosa. 
 
 Now show the wound mine eyes have made in theo. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 I will not cast away my physic, 
 
 But on those that are sick. same. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 \ 
 
 If ever (as that ever may be near) 
 
 You meet in some fresh cheek the power of fancy, 
 
 Then shall you know the wounds invisible 
 
 That love's keen arrows make same. 
 
 Lady. 
 
 Wise men ne'er wail their present woes, 
 
 But presently prevent the way to wail. . . . Shaks. 
 
 I dare for once prescribe for your disease. Dryden. 
 
 I would cure you, if you would but call me Rosalind, 
 And come every day to my cote, and woo me. Shaks. 
 
 Rejoinder. 
 
 Skill infinite 
 Sweet practitioner, thy physic I will try. . . same. 
 
 ELDER. Compassion. 
 
 Sambucus nigor. 
 
 His sighs and his tears had so wrought on her mind, 
 That in downright compassion, to love she inclined. 
 
 Miss M. Jones. 
 
 When she saw her reasons idly spent, 
 
 And could not move him from his fix'd intent. Dryden. 
 
 The cloud gave way, 
 The mist flew upward, and dissolv'd in day. same. 
 
 An artless passion, fraught with hopes and fears, 
 And nearest happy, when it most despairs. . Gibber. 
 
 Touch but the tender strings 
 Of soft compassion in the heart, and love 
 Will quickly vibrate to its kindred passion. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Franklin's Earl of Warwick. 
 
 EVERLASTING. 
 Gnaphalium. 
 
 Never ceasing So turns the impatient needle to the pole, 
 
 remembrance. Though mountains rise between, and oceans roll. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
EVERLASTING. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Thou wert a rainbow to my sight, 
 The storms oflife before thee fled, 
 
 The glory and the guiding light, 
 That onward cheered, and upward led ; 
 
 Thou wert my guiding light afar. . 
 
 Delta. 
 
 There 's not an hour 
 
 Of day, or dreaming night, but I am with thee : 
 There 's not a wind but whispers of thy name ; 
 And not a flower that sleeps beneath the moon, 
 But in its fragrance tells a tale 
 Of thee. 
 
 Proctor. 
 
 There 's not a look, a word of thine, 
 
 My soul hath ere forgot ; 
 Thou ne'er hast bid a ringlet shine, 
 Nor given thy locks one graceful twine, 
 
 Which I remember not ! . . . . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 All nature fades extinct ; and she alone 
 
 Heard, felt, and seen, possesses every thought, 
 
 Fills every sense, and pants in every vein. Thomson. 
 
 FEVER ROOT. 
 
 Eupatorium. 
 
 Delay. 
 
 Why, how now, Orlando ! where have you been all 
 this while ? You a lover ? An' you serve me such 
 another trick, never come in my sight more. . Shaks. 
 
 Nay, an' you be so tardy, come no more in my sight ; 
 I had as lief be woo'd of a snail same. 
 
 Break an hour's promise in love ? He that will divide 
 a minute into a thousand parts, and break but a part of 
 the thousandth part of a minute in the affairs of love, it 
 may be said of him, that Cupid hath clapp'd him o' the 
 shoulder, but I warrant him heart whole. . . same. 
 
 FIR. 
 
 Balm of GUead. 
 Pinus balsamea. 
 
 \ 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 Ah ! how much must that poor heart endure, 
 
 Which hopes from thee, and thee alone a cure ! Bowles. 
 
 Years have not seen, time shall not see 
 
 The hour that tears my soul from thee. . . Byron. 
 
 And as age but makes the vine, 
 
 Whose young tendrils wander 
 
 Round the sapling stem, entwine 
 
 Fonder there and fonder 
 
 So my breast for thee retains 
 
 The first love that bound it ; 
 
 Time can only twine the chains 
 
 Still more firmly round it Sweeny. 
 
FIR. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Hopes, which ought not, like things of time, to cloy, 
 And feelings time shall deepen not destroy. Barton. 
 
 Fox GLOVE. 
 
 Digitalis. 
 
 A wish. ^ ' tna * ' were a glove upon that hand, 
 
 That I might touch that cheek ! . . . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Ah ! might I breathe my humble vow, 
 
 Might she too deign to lend an ear ! 
 Elvira's self should then allow 
 
 That Armine was at least sincere. 
 
 Wild wish ! to dream the matchless maid 
 
 Would listen to a youth like me ; 
 Or that my vows could e'er persuade, 
 
 Sincere and constant though they be ! Cartwright. 
 
 For myself alone, 
 I would not be ambitious in my wish ; 
 
 Yet for you, 
 
 I would be trebled twenty times myself; 
 A thousand times more fair, ten thousand times more rich, 
 That only to stand high in your account, 
 I might in virtues, beauties, livings, friends, 
 
 Exceed account ! Shaks. 
 
 FUCHSIA. Th? ambition in my love 
 
 thus plagues itself. 
 
 Love lies-a-bleeding. 
 
 It were all one, 
 
 That I should love a bright particular star, 
 And think to wed it, he is so above me : 
 In his bright radiance and collateral light 
 Must I be comforted, not in his sphere. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 'Twas pretty, though a plague 
 To see him every hour ; to sit and draw 
 His arched brows, his hawking eye, his curls, 
 In our heart's table ; heart, too capable 
 Of every line and trick of his sweet favour : 
 But now he 's gone, and my idolatrous fancy 
 Must sanctify his relics Shaks. 
 
 I know I love in vain, strive against hope ; 
 
 Yet, in this captious and intenible sieve, 
 
 I still pour out the waters of my love, 
 
 And lack not to lose still ; thus, Indian like, 
 
 Religious in mine error, I adore 
 
 The sun, that looks upon his worshipper, 
 
 But knows of him no more same. 
 
FUCHSIA. 
 
 CContinued.) 
 
 This is the truth: his spirit wholly turn'd 
 To stern ambition's dream, to that fierce strife 
 Which leads to life's high places, and reck'd not 
 What lovely flowers might perish in his path. L. E. L. 
 
 GERANIUM, Apple. 
 
 Pelargonium pomifragrans. 
 
 Present preference. Emma with smiles receives his present flame ; 
 But, smiling, will she ever be the same ? 
 
 Beautiful looks are rul'd by fickle minds ; 
 
 And summer seas are turn'd by sudden winds. 
 Another love may gain her easy youth : 
 Time changes thoughts, and flattery conquers truth. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 I know not what my future thoughts will be : 
 Poor woman's thoughts are all extempore. 
 
 Wise men, indeed, 
 
 Beforehand a long chain of thoughts produce ; 
 But ours are only for our present use. . . Dryden. 
 
 Never should man too confident assert, 
 Much less by oath should bind himself to aught; 
 For soon our judgments change, and one opinion 
 Destroys another Sophocles' 1 Antigone. 
 
 GERANIUM. 
 Crane's Bill. 
 Geranium maculatum. 
 
 Envy. 
 
 With fame, in just proportion, envy grows ; 
 
 The man that makes a character, makes foes. Young. 
 
 Great and good persons well may be 
 
 From guilt, but not from envy free. . . . Barron. 
 
 Few have the fortitude of soul to honour 
 A friend's success, without a touch of envy. 
 
 JEschylus' 1 Agamemnon. 
 
 Base envy withers at another's joy, 
 
 And hates that excellence it cannot reach. Thomson. 
 
 Envy doth invade 
 
 Works breathing to eternity ; and cast 
 Upon the fairest piece the greatest shade. . . Aleyn. 
 
 Envy will merit as its shade pursue ; 
 
 But like a shadow, proves the substance true. Pope. 
 
 The great should have the fame of happiness, 
 The consolation of a little envy ; 
 'Tis all their pay for those superior cares, 
 Those pangs of heart their vassals ne'er can feel. 
 
 Young. 
 
GERANIUM, Fish. 
 
 Pelargonium inquinans. 
 
 Disappointed Let this 
 
 expectation. Tell thee what I suffer by thy stay 
 
 Did seas divide us, this might well excuse 
 Thy negligence, and my fond heart abuse. 
 
 * * * 
 
 But thou art changed ! That ardour is expir'd, 
 Which once thy wishes with impatience fir'd. 
 
 Mary Q. of F. to C. Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. 
 
 Where now are all my flatt'ring dreams of joy ? 
 
 Smollet. 
 
 It is unkind delay 
 
 Destroys my hopes. * * * * 
 Who can bear this, and keep an equal mind ? 
 
 Sophocles' Electro. 
 
 Why didst thou say I was brighter far 
 Than the bright ray of the ev'ning star ? 
 
 Why didst thou come, 
 
 Seeking my home, 
 Till I believ'd that thy vows were sincere ? 
 
 I ask no vengeance from the powers above, 
 All I implore is, never more to love ! 
 
 . Song. 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 GERANIUM, Ivy. Your hand for the next Be her my choice, who knows with perfect skill 
 
 Pelargonium peltatum. 
 
 quadrille 
 
 When she should move, and when she should stand still ; 
 Who, uninstructed, can perform her share, 
 And kindly half the pleasing burthen bear. 
 * * * * 
 
 A nameless grace does in her movements dwell, 
 Which words can ne'er express, or precepts tell. 
 'Tis such an air that makes her thousands fall 
 When Fielding dances at a birth-night ball ; 
 Smooth as Camilla she skims o'er the plain, 
 And flies, like her, through crowds of heroes slain. 
 
 S. Jenyns. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 We '11 knit hands and beat the ground, 
 In a light fantastic round 
 
 Milton. 
 
 GERANIUM, Nutmeg. 
 
 P. odoratissimum. 
 
 An expected meeting The joys of meeting pay the pangs of absence ; 
 
 Else who could bear it? Rowe. 
 
GERANIUM. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 The heavy hours are almost past, 
 That part my love and me ; 
 
 My longing eyes may hope at last 
 Their only wish to see . . . 
 
 Lyttdton. 
 
 I go my love to meet 
 Oh ! may I find her as we parted last 
 And may each future hour be like the past. . same. 
 \ 
 
 Oh ! how impatience gains upon the soul, 
 When the long promised hour of joy draws near ! 
 How slow the tardy moments seem to roll ! Mrs. Tighe. 
 
 'Tis sweet to know there is an eye will mark 
 
 Our coming, and look brighter when we come. Byron. 
 
 Let fate frown on, so we part not ; 
 'Tis life where thou art, 'tis death where thou art not. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 GERANIUM, Oak. 
 
 P. quercifolium. 
 
 Lady, deign to smile. Oh. where are the bright gleaming glances I miss ? 
 
 Anon. 
 
 Do not blast my springing hopes, 
 
 That thy kind hand has planted in my soul ! . Rowe. 
 
 Nor send me by thy frown from her I love, 
 
 Distant and sad ; a banish'd man to rove. . . Prior. 
 
 What dangerous action, stood it next to death, 
 Would I not undergo for one calm look ? . . Shaks. 
 
 Loose, now and then, a scatter'd smile, 
 
 And that I '11 live upon same. 
 
 Lady, I pray thee give 
 One look whereon may absence live. 
 One word, upon my ear to dwell, 
 And then, sweet lady mine farewell ! . . L. E. L. 
 
 GERANIUM, Rose. 
 
 P. capita turn. 
 
 Preference. But *hee I love, by love's own sweet constraint. Shaks. 
 
 Admir'd Miranda ! 
 Indeed, the top of admiration : worth 
 What 's dearest to the world ! full many a lady 
 I have eyed with best regard ; and many a time 
 The harmony of their tongues hath into bondage 
 Brought my too diligent ears ; but you Oh, you, 
 So perfect and so peerless, are created 
 Of every creature best Shaks. 
 

-4- 
 
 GERANIUM. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 And preferred in his heart the least ringlet that curl'd 
 Down her exquisite neck, to the throne of the world. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 GERANIUM, Silver Leaved. 
 
 P. argentifolium. 
 
 Recall. Something since his going forth is thought of, 
 
 That his return is now most necessary. . . . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 How angrily I taught my brow to frown, 
 
 When inward joy enforc'd my heart to smile. 
 
 My penance is, to call * * * * back, 
 
 And ask remission for my folly past same. 
 
 'Tis not in language to impart 
 
 The secret meltings of my heart. Addison's Rosamond. 
 
 Fain would my tongue his griefs appease, 
 
 And give his tortur'd bosom ease same. 
 
 If in thy soul thou 'si ever felt 
 
 Half what thy lips impassion'd swore. 
 
 If thou hast known 
 No other flame, nor falsely thrown 
 A gem away that thou hast sworn 
 Should ever in thy heart be worn. . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Come, and remove doubts of my love; 
 But, if thou lov'st me not, come not to me. 
 Oh ! if thy vow wearies thee now, 
 Though I may weep for thee, never come here. 
 
 Song. 
 
 Answer* 
 
 Doubt thou the stars are fire ; 
 Doubt that the sun doth move ; 
 Doubt truth to be a liar ; 
 But never doubt I love. . , 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 GILLY FLOWER. 
 Cheiranthus incanus. 
 
 Bonds of Affection. 
 
 If this, ho cried, bondage be, 
 Who would wish for liberty ? 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Oh ! who the exquisite delights can tell, 
 The joy which mutual confidence imparts ? 
 Or who can paint the charm unspeakable, 
 Which links in tender bands two faithful hearts ? 
 
 Mrs. Tighe's Psyche. 
 
GILLY FLOWER. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Oh ! the tender ties, 
 
 Close twisted with the fibres of the heart! 
 Which broken, break them, and drain off the soul 
 Of human joy, and make it pain to live. . . Young. 
 
 It is the secret sympathy, 
 
 The silver link, the silken tie, 
 
 Which heart to heart, and mind to mind, 
 
 In body and in soul can bind , 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Oh ! if there be an elysium on earth, 
 
 It is this 
 
 When two that are link'd in one heavenly tie, 
 Love on through all ills, and love on till they die. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 GOLDEN ROD; 
 
 or, Virgo aurea. 
 Solidaga. 
 
 Encouragement. Vivez : le sceptre d'or que vous tend cette main, 
 
 Pour vous de ma clemence est un gage certain. 
 
 Racine's Esther. 
 
 Lady Easy. Pray, when you found you could not like 
 him at first, why did you ever encourage him ? 
 
 Lady B. Modish. Why, what would you have one 
 do ? for my part I could no more choose a man by my 
 eye, than a shoe : one must draw them on a little to 
 see if they are right to one's foot. 
 
 Lady E. But I 'd no more fool on with a man I could 
 not like, than I 'd wear a shoe that pinch'd me. 
 
 Lady B. Ay, but then a poor wretch tells one, he '11 
 widen 'em, or do any thing ; and is so civil and silly, 
 that one does not know how to turn such a trifle as a 
 pair of shoes, or an heart, upon a fellow's hands again. 
 
 Colley Gibber. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Quelle voix salutaire ordonne que je vive, 
 Et rappelle en mon sein mon ame fugitive ? 
 
 Racine's Esther. 
 
 That word beams comfort * * a ray 
 
 That brightens through the melancholy gloom. 
 
 JEschylus. The Persians. 
 
 Blest be the hour, he cried, that happy hour, 
 
 When first I own'd my Delia's power. . . Lyttelton. 
 
 He found her kind, and soon believed her true. same. 
 
GRAPE, Wild. 
 Vitis vinifera. 
 
 Charity. 
 
 In faith and hope, the world will disagree, 
 
 But all mankind's concern is charity. . . . Pope. 
 
 Uncultur'd, unprun'd, and unguided by art, 
 The sweet blossom'd wild grape is found ; 
 
 As charity springs from the untutor'd heart, 
 
 Embracing all objects around B. L. L. 
 
 No piteous object could she see, 
 But her soft bosom shar'd the wo, 
 
 While smiles of affability 
 Endear'd whatever boon she might bestow. . Shaw. 
 
 Fond to oblige, too gentle to offend, 
 
 Belov'd by all, to all too good a friend ; 
 
 The bad she censur'd, by her life alone, 
 
 Blind to their faults, severe upon her own. 
 
 In others' griefs a tender part she bore, 
 
 And all the needy shar'd her little store. . . Anon, 
 
 He hath a tear for pity, and a hand 
 Open as day for melting charity. . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 No harsh reflections let remembrance raise, 
 
 Forbear to mention what thou canst not praise. Prior. 
 
 As in a picture, if the faults abound, 
 
 The artist veils them in a shade profound ; 
 
 So in the errors of the friends we see, 
 
 Oh, shroud them hi the shade of charity. . . Anon. 
 
 GRASS. 
 
 Gramina. 
 
 Submission. 
 
 I, as a child, will go by thy direction* 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 My voice shall sound as you do prompt mine ear ; 
 
 And I will stoop and humble my intents 
 
 To your well practis'd, wise directions. = . . same. 
 
 I shall the effect of this good lesson keep 
 
 As watchman to my heart same. 
 
 HAWTHORN. 
 
 CratiEgus. 
 A. Mespilus. 
 
 Hope. 
 
 And cheerful hope, so oft invok'd in vain, 
 
 With fairy songs shall soothe his pensive ear. Collins. 
 
 Hope is a lover's staff, walk hence with that, 
 
 And manage it against despairing thoughts. . Shaks. 
 
HAWTHORN. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 This bud of love, by summer's ripening breath, 
 May prove a beauteous flower, when next we meet. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Answer. 
 I feel a dawn of joy break in upon me! . . Addison. 
 
 Thy words have darted hope into my soul, 
 
 And comfort dawns upon me Southern. 
 
 Oh ! speak that again ! 
 Sweet as the syren's tongue those accents fall. Southey. 
 
 Oh, it came o'er my soul, like the sweet south 
 
 That breathes upon a bank of violets, 
 
 Stealing and giving odour ! Shaks. 
 
 'Twas whisper'd balm, 'twas sunshine spoken ! Moore. 
 
 I 'd live years of grief and pain, 
 
 To have my long sleep of sorrow broken 
 
 By such benign, blessed sounds, again. . . . same. 
 
 HEART'S EASE, Forget me not. 
 
 Yellow and Purple. 
 
 Viola tricolor. 
 
 Though we should meet no more, 
 Sweet maid, forget me not. . . 
 
 Think of him whose prayer shall bless thee ; 
 Think of him thy love had bless'd ! . . . 
 
 Anon. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 He ne'er will forget the short vision that threw 
 Its enchantments around him, while lingering with you. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 t " Forget me not, when others gaze 
 Enamoured on thee, with the looks of praise. 
 When weary leagues between us both are cast, 
 And each dull hour seems heavier than the last, 
 Oh ! then forget me not !" 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Remember thee, and all thy pains 
 
 And all thy love for me ! 
 Yes ! while a breath, a pulse remains, 
 
 Will I remember thee ! Montgomery. 
 
 Oh ! think of her who holds thee dear ! 
 And think that thou art all to her. . 
 
 Byron. 
 
 May joy thy steps attend, 
 And mayest thou find in every form a friend ; 
 With care unsullied be thy every thought, 
 And in thy dreams of home, forget me not! . Song. 
 
HEART'S EASE, 
 
 Purple. 
 
 Viola tricolor. 
 
 You occupy my Neither rhyme nor reason can express how much ! 
 
 thoughts. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 My love for thee is such, as absence ne'er can quell. 
 
 Anon. 
 
 Dwelling deep in my shut and silent heart ! ' Byron. 
 
 And in 
 
 My soul, which flies to thee, her trust, her treasure 
 As misers to their gold, while others rest. Young. 
 
 Whilst love, by absence fed, without control 
 Tumultuous rushes on his soul. 
 
 jEschylus 1 Agamemnon. 
 
 HEART'S EASE, Wild. 
 Viola tricolor. 
 
 Love in idleness. While idly I stood looking on, 
 
 I found the effect of love in idleness ! 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 I looked, and looked, and still with new delight ; 
 Such joy my soul, such pleasure filled my sight. 
 
 Dryden, from Chaucer. 
 
 Helen, I love thee ; by my life I do ; 
 
 I swear by that which I will lose for thee, 
 
 To prove him false, that says I love thee not. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 And all the faith, the virtue of my heart, 
 The object, and the pleasure of mine eye, 
 
 Is on Helena same. 
 
 Whom I do love, and will do to my death. same. 
 
 HELIOTROPE. 
 Heliotropium. 
 
 Devotion. Gaze on my cheek, 
 
 And let its hue when thou art near, my heart's devotion 
 
 speak, 
 
 Look on my dim and tearful eye, my pale and rigid brow, 
 And list my wild, unbidden sigh, what need of pledge 
 
 or vow. Anon. 
 
 I behold her 
 
 With adoration feast my eye, while all 
 My other senses starve ; and oft frequenting 
 The place which she makes happy with her presence, 
 I never yet had power, with tongue or pen, 
 To move her to compassion, or make known 
 What 'tis I languish for; yet I must gaze still 
 Though it increase my flame. 
 
 Massinger's Bashful Lover. 
 
HELIOTROPE. ^ ne was a f rm f ^ e 
 
 That seen became a part of sight ; 
 (Continued.) And rose where'er I turn'd my eye, 
 
 The morning star of memory ! Byron. 
 
 So turns the needle to the pole it loves 
 
 With fine librations quiv'ring as it moves. Darwin. 
 
 Her overpowering presence made you feel 
 
 It would not be idolatry to kneel Byron. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 If you do love the maid 
 Bend thoughts and wits to achieve her. . . . Shaks. 
 
 jfc 
 Cross your meek arms, incline your w/eathed brows, 
 
 And win the goddess with unwearied Vows. Darwin. 
 
 HELLEBORE. Calumny. Scandal. Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious stroke. Shaks. 
 
 Helleborus. jj o m ight nor greatness in mortality 
 
 Can censure 'scape; back-wounding calumny 
 
 The whitest virtue strikes ; what king so strong, 
 
 Can tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue ? same. 
 
 y 
 
 On eagle's wings immortal scandals fly ; 
 
 While virtuous actions are but born to die. Harvey. 
 
 X 
 
 It is a busy talking world, 
 
 That with licentious breath blows like the wind, 
 As freely on the palace as the cottage. . . . Rowe. 
 
 Nor do they trust their tongues alone, 
 But speak a language of their own ; 
 
 ****** 
 
 Convey a libel in a frown, 
 
 And wink a reputation down Swift. 
 
 We must not stint 
 Our necessary actions, in the fear 
 To cope malicious censures Shaks. 
 
 i The silence often of pure innocence 
 
 Persuades, when speaking fails same. 
 
HIBISCUS. 
 
 Venetian Mallow ; 
 or, Flower of an hour. 
 
 Hibiscus trionum. 
 
 Delicate Beauty. 
 
 Early, bright, transient, chaste as morning dew 
 
 She sparkled Young. 
 
 Oh, fairest flower, no sooner blown, but blasted. 
 
 Beauty is but a vain, a fleeting good, 
 A shining gloss that fadeth suddenly ; 
 
 A flow'r that dies when almost in the bud ; 
 A brittle glass that breaketh presently ; 
 
 A fleeting good, a gloss, a glass, a flow'r, 
 Lost, faded, broken, dead, within an hour. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 But beauty how frail and how fleeting, 
 
 The bloom of a fine summer's day ; 
 While worth in the mind of my Phillis 
 
 Will flourish without a decay Burns. 
 
 What 's beauty ? call you that your own, 
 A flower that fades as soon as blown ? . . 
 
 Who trusts beauty, trusts the fading rose. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Youth with rapid swiftness flies, 
 
 Beauty's lustre quickly dies Horace. 
 
 HOLLY. 
 Ilex. 
 
 Am I forgotten? 
 
 And can thy promise to be mine, 
 
 Be e'er forgot ? 
 If pity in that bosom dwell, 
 My fears, my jealous fears dispel, 
 
 Forget me not ! 
 
 My life would waste in grief, sweet maid, 
 As wounded flow'rets droop and fade, 
 
 By thee forgot ! 
 
 Thou bad'st me thy fond vows believe, 
 And can'st thou now my hopes deceive, 
 
 Sweet maid ! 
 
 Oh ! think upon those vows, dear maid, 
 When in the grove at eve we 've stray'd, 
 Deceive me not, my lovely maid. . . 
 
 Oh ! if she loves as I have loved, 
 She never can forget ! 
 
 Bayly. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Forget thee ! no never among the light hearted, 
 
 Love may sink to decay, when the fond ones are parted 
 
 But affection like ours is too deep and sublime, 
 
 To be chill'd in its ardour by absence or time. 
 
 I will not forget thee, till life's latest day 
 
 In the dark night of death shall have melted away. 
 
 Barbour, 
 
 
HOLLY. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 He loves me still ! 
 And still my heart shall prove, 
 How well it can those vows fulfil, 
 
 Which first repaid his love ! 
 
 . . Anon. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK. 
 
 Ambition. 
 
 Powerful source of good and ill! Young. 
 
 That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. . Shaks. 
 
 Great souls 
 
 By nature half divine, soar to the stars, 
 And hold a near acquaintance with the gods. Rowe. 
 
 Souls truly great dart forward on the wing 
 
 Of just ambition, to the grand result. . . . Young. 
 
 Not by words 
 
 Would Theseus be distinguished, but by deeds 
 Illustrious Sophocles' CEdipus Coloneus. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK, White. 
 A.R. 
 
 Female Ambition. 
 
 Ambition is at distance 
 A goodly prospect, tempting to the view ; 
 The height delights us, and the mountain top 
 Looks beautiful, because 'tis nigh to heaven ; 
 But we ne'er think how sandy 's the foundation ; 
 What storms will batter, and what tempests shake it. 
 Otway^s Venice Preserved. 
 
 The heart is woman's world it is there her ambition 
 strives for empire Sketch Book. 
 
 Oh ! man has power of head and hand 
 Heart is woman's dower 
 
 L. E. L. 
 
 Man's love is of man's life a thing apart, 
 
 'Tis woman's whole existence Byron. 
 
 A bold ambition prompts my heart, 
 
 The towering hope that love supplies, 
 
 The wish in blessing to be blest. 
 
 The meaner prospects I despise, 
 
 That wealth, or rank, or power bestow. . Cartwright. 
 
 HONESTY ; 
 
 or, Satin Flower. 
 Lunar ia. 
 
 Sincerity. On my heart I will pledge you my vow, 
 
 And they both must be broken together. > 
 
 And I will die a hundred thousand deaths, 
 Ere break the smallest parcel of this vow. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
--*. 
 
 HONESTY. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Thy words convince me ; all my doubts are vanished. 
 Mschylus 1 Agamemnon. 
 
 His words are bonds, his oaths are oracles ; 
 His love sincere, his thoughts immaculate ; 
 His tears, pure messengers sent from his heart ; 
 His heart, as far from guile, as heaven from earth. 
 
 Skaks. 
 
 Truth from his lips prevailed with double sway. 
 
 Goldsmith. 
 
 HONEY FLOWER. 
 Melianthus. 
 
 Speak /OH), if you And tell, with honey'd words, the tale of love. 
 speak love. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 How silver sweet sound lovers' tongues by night, 
 Like softest music to attending ears. . . . S/taks. 
 
 That voice was wont to come in gentle whispers, 
 And fill my ears with the soft breath of love. Otway. 
 
 'Twas like the stealing 
 
 Of summer wind through some wreathed shell; 
 Each secret winding, each inmost feeling 
 Of all my soul, echo'd to its spell ! .... Moore. 
 
 Ours, too, the glance none saw beside ; 
 
 The smile none else might understand ; 
 
 The whisper'd thought of hearts allied ; 
 
 The pressure of the thrilling hand Byron. 
 
 HONEY FLOWER. 
 Mourning Bride. 
 M. 
 
 / have lost all. With whom, alas ! I fondly hoped to know 
 
 The humble walks of happiness below. . . Rogers. 
 
 With thee were the dreams of my earliest love ; 
 Every thought of my reason was thine. . . Moore. 
 
 My soul's first idol and its last same. 
 
 Oh grief, beyond all other griefs, when fate 
 
 First leaves the young heart lone and desolate, 
 
 In the wide world, without that only tie, 
 
 For which it lov'd to live, or fear'd to die ! same. 
 
 HONEYSUCKLE, Coral. 
 Lonicera sempervirens. 
 
 The colour of The day too short for my distress ; and night, 
 my fate. E'en in the zenith of her dark domain, 
 
 Is sunshine, to the colour of my fate. . . . Younc 
 
A- 
 
 HONEYSUCKLE. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Pierced through the heart with your stern cruelty ! 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Still thine own, its life retaineth 
 
 Still must mine though bleeding beat ! . . . Byron. 
 
 I with grief have striven, 
 But find with each receding day, 
 The arrow deeper driven ! C. G. 
 
 Deep in my breast the rosy tyrant dwells, 
 Piercing, with cruel aim, each poison'd dart 
 
 And if my eye, my soul's sad torment tells, 
 It speaks the secret anguish of my heart. . . . Song. 
 
 Oh, cruel ! will no pang of pity pierce that heart ! 
 
 Beattie. 
 
 HONEYSUCKLE. 
 Lonicera. 
 
 1 would not answer 
 hastily. 
 
 We would consider of your suit, 
 
 And come some other time to know our mind. Shaks, 
 
 But lest you should not understand me well, 
 
 (And yet, a maiden hath no tongue but thought,) 
 
 I would detain you here some month or two, 
 
 Before you venture for me Shaks. 
 
 If you oblige me suddenly to choose, 
 
 My choice is made and I must you refuse. Dryden. 
 
 So much to win, so much to lose 
 
 No marvel that I fear to choose L. E. L. 
 
 HONEYSUCKLE, Wild. 
 Azalea. 
 
 Generous and Yet, let me say, what firmly I believe, 
 
 devoted love. Love can be ay, and is. I hold that love 
 Which chooseth from a thousand only one 
 To be the object of that tenderness 
 Natural to every heart ; which can resign 
 Its own best happiness for one dear sake : 
 Can bear with absence ; hath no part in hope, 
 For hope is somewhat selfish, love is not 
 And doth prefer another to itself. 
 Unchangeable and generous : what, like love, 
 Can melt away the dross of worldliness ; 
 Can elevate, refine, and make the heart 
 Of that pure gold which is the fitting shrine 
 For fire, as sacred as e'er came from heaven? 
 
 L. E. L. 
 
 Venetian Bracelet. 
 
HONEYSUCKLE. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Love, which nor defeated hope, nor baffled wile, 
 
 Could render sullen, were she ne'er to smile, 
 
 Nor rage could fire, nor sickness fret to vent 
 
 On her one murmur of his discontent ; 
 
 Which still would meet with joy, with calmness part, 
 
 Lest that his look of grief should reach her heart ; 
 
 Which nought remov'd, nor threaten'd to remove. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 HOUSTONIA. 
 
 Houstonia coerulea. 
 
 Content. ' Contentment gives a crown, 
 
 Where fortune hath deny'd it.vj- 
 
 Ford. 
 
 My crown is in my heart, not on my head ; 
 
 Nor deck'd with diamonds, and Indian stones, 
 
 Nor to be seen : my crown is call'd content ; 
 
 A crown it is, that seldom kings enjoy. . . Shaks. 
 
 Tis better to be lowly born, 
 And range with humble livers, in content, 
 Than to be perk'd up in a glistering grief, 
 And wear a golden sorrow ........ same. 
 
 Honour and shame from no condition rise, 
 
 Act well your part, there all the honour lies. Pope. 
 
 Much will always wanting be 
 To him who much desires. Thrice happy he 
 To whom the wise indulgency of heaven, 
 With sparing hand, but just enough has given. 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 Who lives to nature, rarely can be poor 
 
 Who lives to fancy, never can be rich. . . . Young. 
 
 HYACINTH. 
 
 Hyacinthus. 
 
 Jealousy. 
 
 Love, thou knowest, is full of jealousy ! 
 
 In gentle love the sweetest joys we find 
 Yet even those joys, dire jealousy molests, 
 And blackens each fair image in our breasts. 
 
 Trifles light as air 
 
 Are, to the jealous, confirmation strong 
 As proof of holy writ 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 A slight, a single glance, 
 And shot at random, often has brought home 
 A sudden fever to the throbbing heart. . . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Young. 
 
HYACINTH. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Oh, how with one trivial glance, 
 Might she ruin the peace of my mind ! 
 
 Shenstone. 
 
 HYDRANGER. 
 
 Hydrangea hortensis. 
 
 A boaster. One whom the music of his own vain tongue 
 
 Doth ravish, like enchanting harmony. . . - Shaks. 
 
 JASMINE, White. 
 Jasminum officinale. 
 
 The lad of all sufficient merit, 
 
 With modesty, ne'er damps his spirit. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 The breath of others raises our renown ; 
 Our own, as surely blows the pageant down ; 
 Take up no more than you by worth can claim, 
 Lest soon you prove a bankrupt in your fame. 
 
 * * * 
 
 Superior honour, when assumed, is lost. . . Young. 
 
 Amabllity . More fair, 
 
 More sweet, than the jassamine's flower ! 
 
 What are pinks in a morn to compare ? 
 
 What is eglantine after a shower ? . . . Shenstone. 
 
 You bear a gentle mind, and heavenly 
 Blessings follow such creatures. . . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Not only good and kin d, 
 But strong and elevated was her mind. . Lyttelton. 
 
 Still o'er my life preserve thy mild control, 
 Correct my views, and elevate my soul. . 
 
 And love, and gentleness, and joy impart. . Beattie. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Not to delight thine eye alone design'd, 
 
 But touch, and calm, and elevate the mind. Anon. 
 
 JASMINE, Yellow. Grace and Elegance. Graceful to sight, and elegant to thought. 
 
 Bignonia sempervirens. Sweet thoughts are mirror'd in her face, 
 
 And every motion is a grace 
 
 Young. 
 
 C***e. 
 
 Her grace of motion, and of look, the smooth 
 
 And swimming majesty of step and tread, 
 
 The symmetry of form and feature, set 
 
 The soul afloat, even like delicious airs 
 
 Of flute and harp Milman. 
 
JASMINE, Yellow. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Grace that with tenderness and sense combin'd 
 
 To form that harmony of soul, of face, 
 Where beauty shines the mirror of the mind. Mason. 
 
 I have been often dazzled by the blaze 
 
 Of sun-like beauty ; but till now ne'er knew 
 
 Perfected loveliness ; all the harmonies 
 
 Of form, of feature, and of soul displayed 
 
 In one bright creature, as in thee, my love ; 
 
 In whom, beyond compare, her fairest work 
 
 Maternal nature hath summed all perfection. S. P. C. 
 
 ICE PLANT. 
 
 Mesembryanthemum crystallihum. 
 
 Rejected addresses. Alas! my lord, if talking would prevail, 
 I could suggest much better arguments, 
 
 Than those regards you throw away on me ; 
 Your valour, honour, wisdom, praised by all : 
 But bid physicians talk our veins to temper, 
 And with an argument new-set a pulse ; 
 Then think, my lord, of reasoning into love. 
 
 Young. 
 
 Love is not in our power, 
 
 Nay, what seems stranger, is not in our choice : 
 We only love, where fate ordains we should, 
 And blindly fond, oft slight superior merit. . Frowde. 
 
 I cannot love him : 
 
 Yet I suppose him virtuous, know him noble, 
 Of great estate, of fresh and stainless youth, 
 In voices well divulg'd, learn'd, and valiant, 
 And in dimensions, and the shape of nature, 
 A gracious person : but yet I cannot love him. Shaks. 
 
 If of herself she will not love, 
 Nothing can move her. . . 
 
 Sir J. Suckling. 
 
 JONQUIL, 
 
 Rush-leaved. 
 
 Narcissus Jonquilla. 
 
 / desire a return of 
 affection. 
 
 Dissolve me into ecstasies, 
 
 And bring all heaven before mine eyes ! . . Milton. 
 
 The joy most like divine 
 Of all I ever dreamt or knew, 
 To see thee, hear thee, call thee mine ! . . . Moore. 
 
 IRIS. 
 
 Iris. 
 
 Tell thyself what I would say 
 
 Thou know'st it, and I feel too much to pray. Dryden. 
 
IRIS. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 She knew she was by him belov'd she knew 
 
 (For quickly comes such knowledge) that his heart 
 
 Was darken'd with her shadow, and she saw 
 
 That he was wretched, but she saw not all. . Byron. 
 
 A lover's look 
 
 Is his heart's Mercury. O ! the eye's eloquence, 
 Twin-born with thought, outstrips the tardy voice, 
 Far swifter than the nimble lightning's flash, 
 The sluggish thunder-peal that follows it. 
 
 George Coleman's Iron Chest. 
 
 IVY. 
 
 Hedera. 
 
 Matrimony. I have found 
 
 One true companion, one dear soul is mine, 
 Whose converse still doth soothe, arouse, refine. 
 
 Howitt. 
 
 One sacred oath has tied our loves ! . . . . Prior. 
 
 Say, shall I love the fading beauty less, 
 Whose spring-tide radiance has been wholly mine ? 
 No come what will, thy steadfast truth I '11 bless ; 
 In youth, in age, thine own for ever thine. 
 
 A. A. Watts. 
 
 Blest in a wife whose beauty, though so rare, 
 Is the least grace of all that round her wait. 
 
 Edwards. 
 
 The pure, open, prosperous love, 
 That, pledg'd on earth, and seal'd above, 
 Grows in the world's approving eyes, 
 In friendship's smile, and home's caress ; 
 Collecting all the heart's sweet ties 
 Into one knot of happiness 
 
 Moore. 
 
 LABURNUM V 
 Cytisus laburnum. 
 
 Pensive beauty. Fair was her form ; but who can hope to trace 
 
 The pensive softness of her angel face? . . Rogers. 
 
 When pensive, it seem'd as if that very grace, 
 That charm of all others, was born with her face. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Pensive grace 
 
 Was in her every motion, and her look 
 Had something sacred in it, that declared 
 How pure the spirit in that form enshrined, 
 Like light that dwelleth in the diamond gem. S. P. C. 
 
LABURNUM. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 There was a soft and pensive grace, 
 A cast of thought upon her face, 
 That suited well the forehead high, 
 The eye-lash dark, and downcast eye ; 
 The mild expression spoke a mind 
 In duty firm, composed, resigned. . . 
 
 Scott. 
 
 LADY'S SLIPPFR. 
 Cypripedium. 
 
 Capricious beauty. 
 
 Fair Cypripedia, with successful guile, 
 
 Knits her smooth brow, extinguishes her smile. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 When angry for ev'n in the tranquillest climes, 
 Light breezes will ruffle the blossoms sometimes 
 The short passing anger but seem'd to awaken 
 New beauty, like flowers that are sweetest when shaken. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Say that she frown ; I '11 say she looks as clear 
 
 As morning roses newly wash'd in dew. . . . Shaks. 
 
 No, not the bow which so adorns the skies, 
 So glorious is, or boasts so many dyes. . . 
 
 Waller. 
 
 She will, and she will not, she grants, denies, 
 Consents, retracts, advances, and then flies. Granville. 
 
 Come, come, 't will not do ! put that purling brow down ; 
 You can't, for the soul of you, learn how to frown. 
 
 H. K. White. 
 
 LAGERSTRJEMIA, Indian. 
 
 -L. Indica. 
 
 Eloquence. v Every word he speaks is is a syren's note 
 To draw the careless hearen J . . . . 
 
 Beaumont. 
 
 Celestial raptures flowed in every word, 
 
 In every motion, kindling warmth divine, 
 
 To seize who listen'd Akenside. 
 
 Whose words all ears took captive Shaks. 
 
 With an eloquence not like those rills from a height 
 Which sparkle, and foam, and in vapour are o'er, 
 
 But a current that works out its way into light, 
 Through the filtering recesses of thought and of lore. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 So sweet and voluble is his discourse, 
 That aged ears play truant at his tales, 
 And younger hearings are quite ravished. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
LAGERSTRJEMIA. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 When Minerva rose, 
 From her sweet lips smooth elocution flows. Gay. 
 
 Gaze as we learn, and as we listen, love. . Darwin. 
 
 Whose gentle lips persuade without a word, 
 Whose words, e'en when unmeaning, are ador'd. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 'Tis not the powerful arm, 
 But soft enchanting tongue, that governs all. 
 
 Sophocles' Philoctetes. 
 
 To listen to her, is to seem to wander 
 
 In some enchanted labyrinth of romance, 
 
 Whence nothing but the lovely fairy's will 
 
 That wove the spell, can extricate the wanderer. Scott. 
 
 LARKSPUR. 
 
 Delphinium. 
 
 Lightness. For unto knight there is no greater shame, 
 
 Than lightness, and inconstancy in love. . . Spencer. 
 
 Men's fancies are more giddy and unfirm, 
 More longing, wavering, sooner lost and won, 
 
 Than women's are. . . . Shaks. 
 
 He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat, 
 
 It ever changeth with the next block same. 
 
 No woman can endure a recreant knight. . . Dryden. 
 
 They know how fickle common lovers are ; 
 
 Their oaths, and vows, are cautiously believed, 
 
 For few there are, but have been once deceived, same. 
 
 LARKSPUR, Pink. 
 D. 
 
 Fickleness. Ladies whose love is constant as the wind. . Young. 
 
 We in vain the fickle sex pursue, 
 
 Who change the constant lover for the new. Prior. 
 
 Of constancy no rootinfix'd, 
 
 That either they love nothing, or not long. same. 
 
 Inconstant as the passing wind, 
 
 As winter's dreary frost unkind ; 
 
 To fix her, 'twere a task as vain 
 
 To count the April drops of rain Smollet. 
 
 She was fair and my passion begun ; 
 She smiled and I could not but love ; 
 She is faithless and I am undone. . . . Shcnstone. 
 
LARKSPUR. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Lightly thou say'st that woman's love is false, 
 
 The thought is falser far 
 
 For some of them are true as martyrs' legends, 
 
 As full of suffering faith, of burning love, 
 
 Of high devotion worthier of heaven than earth ; 
 
 O, I do know a tale ! Maturin. 
 
 LAUREL. 
 Kalmia. 
 
 Treachery. 
 
 goodly outside falsehood hath ! . . Shaks. 
 
 What is man's love ? His vows are broke, 
 
 Even while his parting kiss is warm. 1. . . Halleck. 
 
 He is composed and fram'd of treachery ! . . Shaks. 
 
 Stealing her soul with many vows of faith, 
 
 And ne'er a true one ! same. 
 
 Vanish'd is the faith of oaths. 
 
 Euripides' Medea. 
 
 Oh ! colder than the wind that freezes 
 Founts, that but now in sunshine play'd, 
 
 Is that congealing pang which seizes 
 The trusting bosom when betray'd. . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 * * * * He in whom 
 My heart had treasur'd all its boast and pride, 
 Proves faithless ........ Euripides' Medea. 
 
 And all this, too, from him whom once I deemed 
 Stranger to fraud, nor capable of ill. 
 
 Sophocles 1 Philoctetes. 
 
 Then fare-thee-well I 'd rather make 
 
 My bower upon some icy lake, 
 
 When thawing suns begin to shine, 
 
 Than trust to love so false as thine ..... Moore. 
 
 LAURUSTINUS. 
 Viburnum tinus. 
 
 A token. -^ laurustinus bear in blossom to my love. . . Anon. 
 
 And mark me while I vow, 
 
 By all this heart hath borne for thee, by all it suffers now, 
 In grief, or gladness, hope, despair, in bliss, or misery, 
 I '11 be, what I have ever been, to thee, to only thee ! 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Accept of this ; and could I add beside 
 
 What wealth the rich Peruvian mountains hide ; 
 
 If all the gems in eastern rocks were mine, 
 
 On thee alone their glittering pride should shine. 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
LAURUSTINUS. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 She knew whose hand had gathered them, she knew 
 Whose sigh and touch were on their scent and hue. 
 
 Pickersgill. 
 
 LAVENDER. 
 Lavandula. 
 
 Distrust. 
 
 Trust him not ; his words, though sweet, 
 
 Seldom with his heart do meet : 
 
 All his practice is deceit. B. Jonson. 
 
 The language that flows from the heart, 
 
 Is a stranger to Paridel's tongue. . . . Shenstone. 
 
 'Tis his with mock passion to glow, 
 
 'Tis his, with smooth tales, to unfold, 
 
 How her face is as bright as the snow, 
 
 And her bosom, be sure, is as cold same. 
 
 LEMON BLOSSOM. 
 
 Citrus limon. 
 
 Discretion. And from the precipice's brink retire, 
 
 Afraid to venture on so large a leap. . . . Dryden. 
 
 Press me not, 'beseech you so ; 
 
 There is no tongue that moves, none, none i' th' world, 
 
 So soon as yours, could win me Shaks, 
 
 His air, his voice, his looks, and honest soul, 
 
 Speak all too movingly in his behalf, 
 
 I dare not trust myself to hear him talk. . Addison. 
 
 Our separate fortune 
 Shall keep us both the safer same. 
 
 She will not stay the siege of loving terms, 
 
 Nor bide the encounter of assailing eyes. . . same. 
 
 Prudent, lest from her resolution rais'd. . . Milton. 
 So far hath discretion fought with nature. . . Shaks. 
 
 LICHEN. 
 Tree Moss. 
 
 Solitude. Wisdom's self 
 
 Oft seeks to sweet retired solitude ; 
 Where, with her best nurse, contemplation, 
 She plumes her feathers, and lets grow her wings, 
 That in the various bustle of resort 
 Were all too ruffled, and sometimes impair'd. 
 
 Milton. 
 
LICHEN. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 No, 'tis not here that solitude is known, 
 
 Through the wide world he only is alone 
 
 Who lives not for another Rogers. 
 
 There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, 
 
 There is a rapture in the lonely shore, 
 
 There is society, where none intrudes, 
 
 By the deep sea, and music in its roar. 
 
 I love not man the less, but nature more, 
 
 From these our interviews, in which I steal 
 
 From all I may be, or have been before, 
 
 To mingle with the universe, and feel 
 
 What I can ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 If from society we learn to live, 
 'Tis solitude should teach us how to die ; 
 It hath no flatterers ; vanity can give 
 No hollow aid ; alone man with his God must strive. 
 
 same. 
 
 LILAC, Purple. 
 
 Syringa. 
 
 The first emotions 
 of love. 
 
 Methinks I feel this youth's perfections 
 Steal with an invisible and subtle stealth, 
 To creep in at mine eyes. Well, let it be ! 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Love, where he gets possession, his first work 
 
 Is to dig deep within a heart, and there 
 
 Lie hid, and, like a miser in the dark, 
 
 To feast alone Dryden. 
 
 The yielding smile that 's half supprest, 
 
 The short quick breath, the trembling tear, 
 
 The swell tumultuous of the breast, 
 
 In Armine's favour all appear Cartwright. 
 
 How beautiful she look'd ! her conscious heart 
 Glow'd in her cheek, and yet she felt no wrong. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 LILAC, White. 
 
 Syringa vulgaris. 
 
 Youth. A lovely being scarcely form'd or moulded, 
 
 A rose with all its sweetest leaves yet folded. Byron. 
 
 Now is the morning of thy years, 
 
 And all is joy before thee ! B. Chester. 
 
 Glad spirits sparkled in Narcissa's eyes, 
 
 And made youth younger, and taught life to live. 
 
 Young. 
 
LILAC. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Thou art now in thy dreaming time : 
 The green leaves on the bough ; 
 
 The sun-shine turning them to gold 
 Are pleasures to thee now. . . 
 
 L. E. L. 
 
 To a young Poetess. 
 
 Thy hands are fill'd with early flowers, 
 
 Thy step is on the wind ; 
 The innocent and keen delight 
 
 Of youth is on thy mind ; 
 That glad fresh feeling that bestows 
 Itself the pleasure which it knows, 
 
 The pure, the undefined 
 
 LILY, White. 
 
 Lilium candidum. 
 
 Purity and sweetness. 
 
 His years but young, but his experience old ; 
 His head unmellow'd, but his judgment ripe. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Though .few his years, the west already knows 
 Young Azim's fame Moore. 
 
 Every thing about her resembles the purity of her soul. 
 
 Law. 
 
 Around her shone 
 
 The light of love, the purity of grace, 
 The mind, the music breathing from her face ; 
 The heart whose softness harmonized the whole ; 
 And, oh ! that eye was in itself a soul ! . . . Byron. 
 
 Her form was fresher than the morning rose, 
 
 When the dew wets its leaves ; unstain'd and pure 
 
 As is the lily, or the mountain snow. . . Thomson. 
 
 I saw her coral lips to move, 
 And with her breath she did perfume the air. 
 Sacred, and sweet, was all I saw in her. . . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 With looks too bright and beautiful for such a world as 
 this Author of Sol. Hours. 
 
 Innocence shines in the lily's bell, 
 Pure as a heart in its native heaven. 
 
 . Percival. 
 
 Ye lilies, bathed in morning dew, 
 
 Of purity, and innocence renew 
 
 Each lovely thought Bernard Barton. 
 
LILY, Yellow. 
 
 Lilium lutea. 
 
 Falsehood. And yet he falsely said he was in love. 
 
 He 's light as air, 
 False as the fowler's artful snare. . . 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Smollet. 
 
 And days may come, thou false one, yet, 
 
 * * * * 
 
 When thou wilt call with vain regret, 
 On her thou 'st lost for ever. 
 
 On her, who in thy fortune's fall, 
 With smiles had still receiv'd thee, 
 
 And gladly died to prove thee all 
 
 Her fancy first believ'd thee. . . , 
 
 Moore. 
 
 LILY OF THE VALLEY. 
 
 Convallaria. 
 
 Delicacy. With secret sighs the virgin lily droops. . . Darwin. 
 
 * * * * Like the lily, 
 That once was mistress of the field, and flourished, 
 I '11 hang my head and perish Shake. 
 
 She never told her love, 
 But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud, 
 Feed on her damask cheek ; she pin'd in thought. 
 
 Her eye may grow dim, and her cheek may grow pale, 
 But tell they not both the same fond tale ? 
 Love's lights have fled from her eye and her cheek 
 To burn and die on the heart which they seek. 
 
 L. E. L. 
 
 And had he not long read 
 The heart's hush'd secret, in the soft dark eye 
 Lighted at his approach, and on the cheek, 
 Colouring all crimson at his lightest look ? . . same. 
 
 What is the tale that I would tell ? not one 
 
 Of strange adventure, but a common tale 
 
 Of woman's wretchedness ; one to be read 
 
 Daily, in many a young and blighted heart. . same. 
 
 The wounded dove, when dying, feels the smart, 
 
 Closing her wings, conceals the cruel dart : 
 
 So love, abandon'd, flies from every eye, 
 
 Conceals its woes, in solitude to die. . . . Irving. 
 
LOCOST, 
 
 The green leaves. 
 
 Robinia. 
 Pseudo Acacia,. 
 
 Affection beyond the In his grave assure thyself my love is buried. Skaks. 
 
 grave. 
 
 Time tempers love, but not removes, 
 More hallow'd when its hope is fled ; 
 Oh ! what are thousand living loves, 
 To that which cannot quit the dead. 
 
 When true hearts are wither'd, 
 
 And fond ones are flown, 
 
 Oh, who would inhabit 
 
 This bleak world alone ? . . . . 
 
 . . Byron. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 When the stem dies, the leaf that grew 
 
 Out of its heart, must perish too same. 
 
 The tear that is shed, though in secret it roll, 
 
 Shall long keep his memory green in my soul. same. 
 
 Sorrow ends not when it seemeth done. 
 
 Skaks. 
 
 LOTOS FLOWER. 
 The Water Lotos. 
 
 Estranged love. Hero the poor lover than has long endured 
 
 Some proud nymph's scorn, of his fond passion cured. 
 
 Sliaks. 
 
 This weak impress of love, is as a figure 
 Trenched in ice ; which, with an hour's heat, 
 Dissolves to water, and doth lose his form. . . same. 
 
 At first I did adore a twinkling star, 
 
 But now I worship a celestial sun. 
 
 TJnheedful vows may hecdfully be broken. . . same. 
 
 So the remembrance of my former love 
 
 Is by a newer object quite forgotten same. 
 
 Answer. 
 Some witchery seems to await you ! . . . . Moore. 
 
 Are you not Lysander ? 
 I am as fair now, as I was erewhile. . . . Shaks. 
 
 Read over Julia's heart, thy first best love, 
 For whose dear sake thou didst then rend thy faith 
 Into a thousand oaths : and all those oaths 
 Descended into perjury same. 
 
 She dreams of him that has forgot her love. . same. 
 
 But you, 
 " In all, save form alone, how changed !" . . Byron. 
 
LOTOS FLOWER. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Lovers, and madmen, have such scathing brains, 
 
 Such shaping fantasies, that apprehend 
 
 More than cool reason ever comprehends. . . Shaks. 
 
 To nurse strange doubts, and groundless fears. 
 
 Mrs. Barbauld. 
 
 LOTOS LEAF. 
 
 Lotos. 
 
 Recantation. You well may ask 
 
 " Wherefore doth Lysander 
 Deny your love, so rich within his soul?" . . Shaks. 
 
 Have I not managed my contrivance well 
 
 To try your love, and make you doubt of mine ? 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Hence then for ever from my Emma's breast, 
 (That heaven of softness, and that seat of rest,) 
 Ye doubts and fears, and all that know to move 
 Tormenting grief, and all that trouble love, 
 Scatter'd by winds recede, and wild in forests rove. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Hear, solemn Jove ! and, conscious Venus, hear ! 
 And thou, bright maid, believe me whilst 1 swear ; 
 No time, no change, no future flame, shall move 
 The well-plac'd basis of my lasting love. . . same. 
 
 And here to pledge my vow, I give my hand. Shaks. 
 
 LOVE IN-A-MIST. 
 Nigella damascena. 
 
 Perplexity. Love in these labyrinths his slave detains ! . . Pope. 
 
 Perplexity and doubt distract rny thoughts. 
 
 JEschylus 1 Agamemnon. 
 
 \ In such a maze of love my thoughts are lost. ) 
 
 Addwori's Ovid. 
 
 { Long, long held by a spell too dear, 
 Thy smile has kept thy loiterer here. 
 Almost it seem'd enough for me, 
 Of heaven, to only gaze on thee ; 
 But love lights high and gallant thought, 
 A rich prize must be dearly bought. . . . L. E. L. 
 
 And must I go " Without the hope 
 
 My foolish heart still clings to, though that hope 
 
 Is like the opiate which may lull awhile, 
 
 Then wake to double torture ?" . '. . . . . same. 
 
LOVE IN-A-MIST. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Without a word, a look of tenderness, 
 
 To be called up, when, in his lonely hours 
 
 He would indulge in weeping Rogers. 
 
 LOVE LIES-A-BLEED1NG. 
 Amaranthus caudatus. 
 
 Hopeless, not The dead will soon forget, and I 
 heartless. Shall soon be with the dead. 
 
 Anon. 
 
 I had not lived till now, could sorrow kill ! 
 Death shuns the wretch, who fain the blow would meet. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 Ambition's dreams I 've seen depart ; 
 
 ***** 
 
 Have felt of love the venom'd dart 
 When hope has flown 
 
 Scott. 
 
 Oh ! had we never, never met, 
 
 Or could this heart e'en now forget 
 
 How link'd, how bless'd we might have been, 
 
 Had fate not frown'd so dark between. . . . Moore. 
 
 Now farewell ! 
 Thou that hast been, what words may never tell. 
 
 Hemans. 
 
 His friends beheld, and pitied him in vain, 
 For what relief can ease a lover's pain ? . 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 LUPINE. 
 
 Lupinus. 
 
 Imagination. Where beams of warm imagination play. . , 
 
 And the wild sparkle of his eye seem'd caught 
 From high, and lighten'd with electric thought. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Byron. 
 O'er all bright fancy's beamy radiance shone. Ogilvie. 
 
 Bright-ey'd fancy hov'ring o'er, 
 Scatters from her pictur'd urn, 
 Thoughts that breathe, and words that burn. . Gray. 
 
 Do what he will, he cannot realize 
 Half he conceives the glorious vision flies. 
 Go where he may, he cannot hope to find 
 The truth, the beauty, pictured in his mind. 
 
 But beyond 
 
 This energy of truth, whose dictates bind 
 Assenting reason, the benignant sire, 
 To deck the honour'd paths of just and good, 
 Has added bright imagination's ray. . . . Akenside. 
 
MAGNOLIA, Swamp. 
 
 Magnolia glauca. 
 
 Perseverance. Urge your success, deserve a lasting name, 
 
 She '11 crown a grateful and a constant flame. 
 
 Roscommon- 
 
 Glory, like time, progression does require ; 
 When it does cease t' advance, it does expire. 
 
 Earl of Orrery. 
 
 Perseverance, dear my lord, 
 Keeps honour bright. To have done, is to hang 
 Quite out of fashion, like a rusty nail 
 In monumental mockery Shaks. 
 
 The life of fame is action, understood 
 
 That action must be virtuous, great, and good. 
 
 Johnson's Clorinda. 
 
 This, in the presage of my thoughts that flow 
 
 Benevolent to thee, have I proposed ; 
 
 And all, we trust, shall be successful to thee. 
 
 AZschylus. The Persians. 
 
 MARIGOLD. 
 
 Calendula. 
 
 Cruelty, Love make his heart of flint whom thou shalt love, 
 
 And may thy fervour, like my passion, be 
 Plac'd in contempt ! Farewell, fair cruelty ! . Shaks. 
 
 MARVEL OF PERU. 
 Mirabilis. 
 
 And thou, forsworn, thou, cruel as thou art, 
 
 If Emma's image ever touch'd thy heart, 
 
 Thou sure must give one thought, and drop a tear 
 
 To her whom love abandoned to despair. . . Prior. 
 
 Timidity. She listen'd with a flitting blush, 
 
 With downcast eyes, and modest grace, 
 For well she knew I could not choose 
 But gaze upon her face 
 
 With easy smiles dispell'd the silent fear 
 That durst not tell me what I died to hear. 
 
 Coleridge. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 For she was timid as the wintry flower, 
 That, whiter than the snow it blooms among, 
 Droops its fair head, submissive to the power 
 Of every angry blast which sweeps along. 
 
 Mrs. Tighe's Psyche. 
 
 He is one, with 
 More of soul in his face, than words on his tongue. 
 
 Wordsworth. 
 
MARVEL OF PERU. 
 
 (Continued) 
 
 Silent when glad ; affectionate, though shy. . Beattie. 
 
 The half suppress'd glance of an eye admiring, 
 
 The tremulous rays of an evening sky, 
 
 The startled fawn from the hunter retiring, 
 
 The fluttering light of a taper expiring 
 
 Apt emblems afford of timidity E***t. 
 
 MEADOW SAFFRON. 
 
 Colchicum autumnal!. 
 
 My best days are 'Tis greatly wise to know before we 're told, 
 
 past. The melancholy news that we grow old. . . Young, 
 
 Nought treads so silent as the foot of time ; 
 
 Hence we mistake our autumn for our prime. . same. 
 
 We see time's furrows on another's brow. . . same. 
 Peace and esteem is all that age can boast. . . same. 
 
 'Tis greatly wise to talk with our past hours, 
 And ask them what report they bore to heaven ; 
 And how they might have borne more welcome news. 
 Their answers form what men experience call. same. 
 
 Age should 
 
 Walk thoughtful on the silent, solemn shore 
 Of that vast ocean it must sail so soon, 
 And put good works on board, and wait the wind 
 That shortly blows us into worlds unknown. . same. 
 
 MIGNONETTE. 
 
 Reseda odorata. 
 
 Your qualities surpass Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. 
 your loveliness. Pope. 
 
 Some forms, though bright, no mortal man can bear, 
 Some, none resist, though not exceeding fair. Young. 
 
 Beauty dwells 
 
 There most conspicuous, even in outward shape, 
 Where dawns the high expression of a mind. 
 
 Akenside. 
 
 Mind, mind alone, (bear witness, earth and heaven !) 
 The living fountains in itself contains 
 Of beauteous and sublime : here hand in hand, 
 Sit paramount the graces : here enthron'd, 
 Celestial Venus, with divinest airs, 
 Invites the soul to never-fading joy same. 
 
MIGNONETTE. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 There was that in her dark, bright, joyous eyes, 
 
 And in the expression of her speaking face, 
 
 Where, 'mid the graces, dwelt perpetual smiles 
 
 And the pure light that evermore pours out 
 
 From the mind's fountain that demanded more 
 
 Than the cold name of beauty, which may be 
 
 The attribute of beings whom no ray 
 
 Of intellect illumines, and no charm 
 
 Of loveliness invests S. P. C. 
 
 Such charms would fix 
 Inconstancy itself: her unmixed virtues, 
 Ev'n if her beauty fail'd, would soon subdue 
 The rebel heart, and you would learn to love her. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Franklin's Earl of Warwick. 
 
 MIMOSA. 
 Sensitive Plant. 
 Mimosa. 
 
 Sensitiveness. 
 
 I cannot bear that alter'd brow ! 
 
 My misery can scarce be more complete ! 
 
 Oh ! would it were my lot, 
 To be forgetful, as I am forgot ! . . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 Upon my lute there is one string 
 Broken ; the chords were drawn too fast ; 
 My heart is like that string it tried 
 Too much, and snapt in twain at last. . 
 
 Anon. 
 
 MOCK ORANGE. Counterfeit. 
 
 Philadelphus coronarius. 
 
 You have beguil'd me with a counterfeit, 
 * * * which being touch'd and tried, 
 Proves valueless : you are forsworn, forsworn. 
 
 Idiots only may be cozen'd twice ; 
 
 Once warn'd, is well bewar'd 
 
 Now my love is thaw'd ; 
 Which, like a waxen image 'gainst a fire, 
 Bears no impression of the thing it was. 
 
 Shake. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Moss. 
 
 Musci. 
 
 Recluse. You subject yourself to solitariness, the sly enemy that 
 
 doth most separate man from well doing. Sidney. 
 
 In solitude 
 
 What happiness ? Who can enjoy alone, 
 Or, if enjoying, what contentment find ? 
 
 Milton. 
 
Moss. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 With none to bless us, none whom we can bless, 
 
 None, that with kindred consciousness endued, 
 
 If we were not, would seem to smile the less ! 
 
 This is to be alone ; this, this is solitude. . Byron. 
 
 And say, without our hopes, without our fears, 
 Without the home that plighted love endears, 
 Without the smile from partial beauty won, 
 Oh ! what were man ? a world without a sun. 
 
 Short retirement urges sweet return. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 MYRTLE. 
 
 Myrtus. 
 
 Love positive. 
 
 I court others in verse, but love thee in prose ! 
 They have my whimsies, but thou hast my heart. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 , V 
 
 On your hand, that pure altar, I vow, 
 
 Though I 've looked, and have liked, and have left 
 
 That I never have loved till now. . . M. G. Lewis. 
 
 By those tresses unconfined, 
 Woo'd by " every gentle" wind ; 
 By those lids whose jetty fringe 
 Kiss thy soft cheek's blooming tinge ; 
 By those wild eyes, like the roe, 
 Ah ! hear my vow before I go 
 My dearest life, I love thee ! 
 Can I cease to love thee ? no ! 
 Zoe mou s-as agapo 
 
 Byron. 
 
 Yes, it is love if thoughts of tenderness, 
 
 Tried in temptation, strengthen'd by distress, 
 
 Unmov'd by absence, firm in every clime, 
 
 And yet oh, more than all ! untir'd by time. same. 
 
 Answer. 
 The myrtle bough bids lovers live. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 NARCISSUS, Poetic. 
 Narcissus poeticus. 
 
 Egotism and self Nor knew, fond youth ! it was himself he lov'd. 
 
 Addison's Ovid. 
 
 His duty 'tis to love himself alone 
 
 Nor cares, though mankind perish, if he smiles. Young. 
 
 And he, the light and vain one, for him there never wakes 
 
 That love, for which a woman's heart will beat until it 
 
 breaks ........... L. E. L. 
 
 The selfish heart deserves the pain it feels. . Young. 
 
NASTURTIUM. 
 Indian Cress, 
 Tropceolum major. 
 
 A warlike trophy. 
 
 In war excelling, as in peace Horace. 
 
 This, to the hero, when his sword 
 Has won the battle for the free 
 The thanks of millions yet to be ! 
 
 Halleck, 
 
 Bring flowers, to strew in the conqueror's path 
 
 He hath shaken thrones with his stormy wrath ! 
 
 He comes with the spoils of nations back ; 
 
 The vines lie crush'd in his chariot's track ; 
 
 The turf looks red where he won the day; 
 
 Bring flowers, to die in the conqueror's way. Hemans. 
 
 Crown ye the brave ! crown ye the brave ! 
 
 As through your streets they ride, 
 
 And the sunbeams dance on the polish'd arms 
 
 Of the warriors side by side ; 
 
 Shower on them your sweetest flowers, 
 
 Let the air ring with their praise same. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Could deeds my heart discover, 
 Could valour gain your charms, 
 
 I 'd prove myself a lover, 
 Against a world in arms. . . 
 
 Old song. 
 
 Most fair ! thus low before you, 
 A prostrate warrior view, 
 
 Whose sole delight and glory 
 Are centred all in you. . . . 
 
 NETTLE. 
 Urtica. 
 
 Slander. V'Tis slander, 
 
 Whose edge is sharper than the sword ; whose tongue 
 Outvenoms all the worms of Nile. ..... Shaks. 
 
 Soft buzzing slander ; silky moths, that eat 
 
 An honest name. / Thomson. 
 
 The man that dares traduce, because he can 
 
 With safety to himself, is not a man., . . . Cowper. 
 
 Those who murder fame 
 Kill more than life destroyers Savage. 
 
 ^ Slander meets no regard from noble minds ; 
 Only the base believe, what the base only uttei^. 
 
 Heller's Injured Innocence. 
 
NIGHT SHADE. 
 Solanum Nigrum, 
 or, Atropa belladonna. 
 
 Scepticism. 
 
 OAK LEAF. 
 Quercus. 
 
 Bravery. 
 
 Ah me ! the laurel'd wreath that murder rears, 
 Blood-nurs'd and water'd by the widow's tears, 
 Seems not so foul, so tainted, and so dread, 
 As waves the night-shade round the sceptic head. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 But you are learn'd ; in volumes deep you sit. 
 
 Your learning, like the lunar beam, affords 
 Light, but not heat ; it leaves you undevout, 
 Frozen at heart, while speculation shines. 
 
 Young. 
 
 A fugitive from heaven and prayer, 
 He mock'd at all religious fear, 
 Deep scienc'd in the mazy lore 
 Of mad philosophy. . . . Horace. Ode XXXIV. 
 
 A foe to God, was ne'er true friend to man. Young. 
 
 The manly oak ! the pensive yew, 
 To patriot, and to sage, be due. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 And for his meed was brow-bound with the oak. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 He comes the third time home with oaken garland. 
 
 It is held 
 
 That valour is the chiefest virtue, and 
 Most dignifies the haver : if it be, 
 The man I speak of, cannot in the world 
 Be singly counterpoised 
 
 Not to the sanguine field alone, 
 
 Is valour limited : she sits serene 
 
 In the deliberate council, sagely scans 
 
 The source of every action ; weighs, prevents, provides, 
 
 And scorns to count her glories from the feats 
 
 Of brutal force alone Smollet. 
 
 By his light, 
 
 Did all the chivalry of England move 
 To do brave acts ; he was indeed the glass 
 Wherein the noble youth did dress themselves. Shaks. 
 
 OATS. 
 
 Avena. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Music resembles poetry : in each 
 
 Are nameless graces, which no methods teach, 
 
 And which a master's hand alone can reach ! 
 
 Pope. 
 
OATS. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 At her command the various passions lie ; 
 
 She stirs to battle, or she lulls to peace; 
 Melts the charm'd soul to thrilling ecstasy, 
 
 And bids the jarring world's harsh clangour cease. 
 
 Oh ! surely melody from heaven was sent, 
 
 To cheer the soul when tired with human strife, 
 
 To soothe the wayward heart by sorrow rent, 
 And soften down the rugged road of life. 
 
 H. K. White. 
 
 Can any mortal mixture of earth's mould 
 
 Breathe such divine enchanting ravishment ? 
 
 Sure something holy lodges in that breast, 
 
 And with these raptures moves the vocal air 
 
 To testify his hidden residence Milton- 
 
 Who, as they sung, would take the prison'd soul, 
 
 And lap it in Elysium same. 
 
 OLEANDER. 
 Rosebay. 
 Nerium. 
 
 Beware ! 
 
 Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps Shaks. 
 
 Timely advised, the coming evil shun ! . . . Prior. 
 
 A little fire is quickly trodden out ; 
 
 Which being suffer'd, rivers cannot quench. . Shaks. 
 
 The better part of valour is discretion. . . . same. 
 
 Then fly betimes, for only they 
 
 Conquer love, that run away Carew. 
 
 My heart ! I told thee what it was to love ; 
 
 And now my mother's counsels I approve. 
 
 She, on a time, ere set her mortal sun, 
 
 As we convers'd where Peneus' waters run, 
 
 " Daughter," she said, "t to maidens' heedless hearts 
 
 Love's early dawn delicious charms imparts : 
 
 With gentle breath the traitor comes at first ; 
 
 Then tempests rise, and clouds of sorrow burst. 
 
 Would'st thou be well ? whatever form he bear, 
 
 He wears his arrows still, and so beware !" 
 
 These lessons I remember'd oft and oft, 
 And when with winning air and accent soft 
 The shepherd came, his words, his looks were such, 
 I warn'd thee, heart, not to be pleased so much. 
 Hadst thou but taken heed, nor answer'd still 
 It was not love I felt, but mere good will, 
 
OLEANDER. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Nor idly sported with his lambent fires, 
 His quiet joys, and innocent desires, 
 Thou hadst not found, when it was all too late, 
 The dart of love is often that of fate. 
 
 Ah silly, silly heart ! I told thee so ; 
 But I will school thee yet to hide thy wo. 
 
 Holier e. Translated by C***e. 
 
 What could I more ? 
 
 I warn'd thee, I admonish'd thee, foretold 
 The danger, and the lurking enemy 
 That lay in wait Milton. 
 
 OLIVE. 
 Olea. 
 
 Peace. 
 
 I hold the olive in my hand : my words are as full of 
 peace, as of matter Shaks. 
 
 Our peace shall stand as firm as rocky mountain. 
 
 Sweet peace, who long hath shunn'd my plaintive lay, 
 Consents at length to bring me short delight. Collins. 
 
 If after tempest come such calms, 
 
 May the winds blow till they have waken'd death ! 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 * * * * * welcome as day 
 After a night of storms, with fairer beams 
 Returning ; welcome as the liquid lapse 
 Of fountain to the thirsty traveller. 
 
 JEschylus* Agamemnon. 
 
 ORANGE BLOSSOM. 
 Citrus aurantium. 
 
 Your purity equals 
 your loveliness. 
 
 Nought can be diviner 
 
 Than the blue meaning of those soft spring eyes 
 Young, vernal-looking, filled with vernal life ; 
 Whose peace surpasscth all we know of strife, 
 Telling of thoughts all pure and bright within, 
 Untouched by sorrow, unalloyed by sin. . . . Anon. 
 
 There are creatures yet who bless 
 This earth with so much loveliness, 
 As if they had escaped the blight, 
 The first transgression shed o'er all, 
 And still preserved the souls's pure light, 
 Undimm'd, unfaded from the fall. 
 Or were some young bright spirits strayed 
 From their own far-off world of bliss, 
 In beauty's loveliest charms array'd, 
 To make a paradise of this S.P.C. 
 
-4* 
 
 ORANGE BLOSSOM. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 No pearl ever lay under Oman's green water, 
 More pure in its shell than thy spirit in thee. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Ox EYE. 
 Buphthalmum. 
 
 Patience. 
 
 With patience calm the storm, 
 
 While we bethink a means to break it off. . . Shaks. 
 
 Ah me ! for aught that ever I could read, 
 
 Could ever hear by tale or history, 
 
 The course of true love never did run smooth. . same. 
 
 True lovers have been ever cross'd, 
 
 Then let us teach our trial patience ; 
 
 Because it is a customary cross, 
 
 As due to love, as thoughts, and dreams, and sighs, 
 
 Wishes, and tears, poor fancy's followers. . . same. 
 
 'Tis hard : but patience must endure, 
 And soothe the woes it cannot cure. 
 
 Horace. Ode XXV. 
 
 To bear, is to conquer our fate Campbell. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Had it pleas'd Heaven to try me with affliction 
 Steep'd me in poverty to the very lips ; 
 Given to captivity me and my utmost hopes ; 
 I should have found in some part of my soul 
 
 A drop of patience 
 
 But there where I have garner'd up my heart ; 
 Where either I must live, or bear no life ; 
 The fountain from the which my current runs, 
 Or else dries up ; to be discarded thence ! . . Shaks. 
 
 Exiled from all my soul holds dear ! 
 
 Life hath no torture so severe. . . Euripides 1 Medea. 
 
 Patience says, 'tis past her cure ! Shaks. 
 
 PARSLEY. 
 
 Apium. 
 
 Useful Knowledge. 
 
 He ordain'd a lady for his praise, 
 
 Generally praiseful; fair and young, and skill'd in 
 housewiferies Chapman. Iliad. 
 
 And ay she wrought her mammy's wark, 
 And ay she sang sae merrilie ; 
 
 The blythest bird upon the bush 
 Had ne'er a lighter heart than she. 
 
 . Burns. 
 
 A bonny lass, I will confess, 
 
 Is pleasant to the c'e, 
 But without some better qualities 
 
 She's no a lass for me. 
 
PARSLEY. 
 
 . 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Nocht shall be wanting on my part, 
 To gather wealth to raise ray shepherd's heart : 
 Whate'er he wins, I'll guide wi' canny care. 
 
 ***** 
 Then I '11 employ wi' pleasure a' my art 
 To keep him cheerfu' and secure his heart. 
 At e'en, when he comes weary frae the hill, 
 I '11 ha'e a' things made ready to his will : 
 In winter, when he toils through wind an' rain, 
 A bleezing ingle, an' a clean hearth stane ; 
 And soon as he flings by his plaid an' staff, 
 The seething pats be ready to tak afF; 
 Clean hag-a-bag I'll spread upon his board, 
 An' serve him with the best we can afford : 
 Good humour an' white bigonets shall be 
 Guards to my face, to keep his love for me. Ramsay. 
 
 PASSION FLOWER. 
 
 Passiflora. 
 
 Susceptibility. 
 
 
 
 Young men's love, then, lies, 
 
 Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes ? . Shaks. 
 
 Love looks not with the eye, but with the mind. same. 
 This is the wavering love of man Anon. 
 
 I knew thee light as foam, that plays the ocean's waves 
 
 among. 
 Gay were we when we met at first, and we parted just 
 
 as gay L. E. L. 
 
 PEA, Everlasting. 
 Lathyrus latifolia. 
 
 An appointed meeting. Give me the advantage of a brief discourse. . Shaks. 
 
 Let us consult together ; beliere me 'tis no time 
 
 For dull delay ; 'tis the decisive hour, 
 
 And this the very crisis of our fate. Sophocles' Electro. 
 
 The sight of lovers feedeth those in love. 
 Answer. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 
 Come you this afternoon, 
 
 To know our pleasure in this case Shaks. 
 
 By all the pretty oaths that are not dangerous, 
 
 If you come one minute behind your hour, 
 
 I will think you the most pathetical break-promise, 
 
 And the most hollow lover, that may be chosen 
 
 Out of the gross band of the unfaithful. . . . same. 
 
 Lovers ever run before the clock same. 
 
 Lovers break not hours, except it be 
 
 To come before their time same. 
 
* 
 
 PEA, Sweet. 
 
 Departure. 
 
 Lathyrus odoratus. 
 
 
 
 
 Parting strikes poor lovers dumb. . t . . Shaks. 
 
 And there were sudden partings, such ad press 
 The life from out young hearts, and choking sighs. 
 
 %7-fltt. 
 
 And is he gone ? on sudden solitude 
 
 How oft that fearful question will intrude ! 
 
 'Twas but an instant past and here he stood ! same. 
 
 I '11 think it but a fond conceit ; 
 
 It cannot be that thou art gone ! . . . . Coleridge. 
 
 Think'st thou that she, whose only light, 
 
 In this dim world, from thee hath shone, 
 
 Could bear the long and cheerless night, 
 
 That must be hers when thou art gone ? . . Moore. 
 
 How can I live without thee, how forego 
 
 Thy sweet converse and love? Milton. 
 
 * * * There is no living, none, 
 
 If Bertram be away Shaks. 
 
 PEACH BLOSSOM. 
 Amygdalus persica. 
 
 / am your captive. 
 
 I strove not to resist so sweet a flame 1 , 
 But gloried in a happy captive's name. 
 Nor would I now, could love permit, be free ! 
 
 ^Lyttelton. 
 
 My heart with love is beating, 
 Transported by your eyes ; 
 
 Alas ! there 's no retreating, 
 In vain a captive flies. 
 
 Old Song. 
 
 I ne'er saw excellence in woman-kind 
 
 Till now, and yet, discern'd it at the first : 
 
 Perfection is discover'd in a moment, 
 
 He that ne'er saw the sun before, yet knew him. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 There is a nymph whose chains I feel, 
 And bless the silken fetter 
 
 Moore. 
 
 There 's a dear charm about her 
 'Tis a heart so kind and warm, 
 Mine would break without her. 
 
 Never 
 
 Till this moment could I say 
 Here I fix my choice for ever. 
 
 Song. 
 
 Still I 'm thy captive, yet my thoughts are free : 
 
 To be love's bond-man, is true liberty.! . . Marston. 
 
PENNYROYAL. 
 
 Cunila pulegioides, 
 or, Menthe pulegium. 
 
 Flee away! Beware of danger! never stay 
 
 Nor linger on one bud too long, 
 But lightly flutter and away 
 Before you feel the charm too strong. 
 
 Hon. Charles Phipps. 
 
 Shun delays, they breed remorse ; 
 Take thy time, while time is lent thee ; 
 
 * * * * 
 
 Sober speed is wisdom's leisure, 
 
 After wits are dearly bought, 
 
 Let thy fore wit guide thy thought. 
 
 Robert Southwell, Esq. 
 
 Then, Hafed, as thou lov'st me, fly, 
 
 I pray thee as thou lov'st me, fly, 
 
 East, west, alas ! I care not whether, 
 
 So thou art safe. Moore. Lalla Rookh. 
 
 Be wise to-day ; 'tis madness to defer. 
 
 Young's Night Thoughts. 
 
 PEONY. 
 
 Pseonia. 
 
 Anger. A Frown. 
 
 If she do frown, 'tis not in hate of you 
 
 But rather to beget more love in you. 
 
 If she do chide, 'tis not to have you gone 
 
 * * * * 
 
 Take no repulse, whatever she doth say ; 
 For, get-you-gonc, she doth not mean away. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 PERIWINKLE, Blue. Pleasures of Memory. Still the fond lover views his absent maid. . .Rogers. 
 
 Vinca minor. 
 
 And, to his eye, 
 There is but one beloved face on earth^ J . . Byron. 
 
 Perish the lover, whose imperfect flame 
 
 Forgets one feature of the nymph he lov'd. Shenstone. 
 
 What light is light, if Sylvia be not seen ? 
 
 What joy'is joy, if Sylvia be not by ? 
 
 Unless it be to think that she is by, 
 
 And feed upon the shadow of perfection. . . Shakt. 
 
 Come, flattering memory ! and tell my heart 
 How kind she was, and with what pleasing art 
 She strove its fondest wishes to obtain, 
 Confirm her power, and faster bind my chain. 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
PERIWINKLE, White. Pleasing reminis- Some little friendship formed, and cherished here. 
 
 cences. Rogers. 
 
 Vinca minor. 
 
 So turn our hearts, where'er we rove, 
 
 To those we 've left behind us Moore. 
 
 Often, like the evening sun, comes the memory of for- 
 mer times o'er my soul Ossian. 
 
 The memory of joys that are past, is like the music of 
 Caryl, pleasant and mournful to the soul. . same. 
 
 PHLOX. 
 
 Phlox. 
 
 Unanimity. There are two hearts whose movements thrill 
 
 In unison so closely sweet ! 
 That pulse to pulse responsive still, 
 
 They both must heave or cease to beat. . Barton. 
 
 There are two souls whose equal flow 
 
 In gentle streams so calmly run, 
 That when they part they part ! ah, no ! 
 
 They cannot part those souls are one. . . same. 
 
 Each was the other's mirror, and but read 
 Joy sparkling in their dark eyes, like a gem ; 
 
 And knew such brightness was but the reflection 
 Of their exchanging glances of affection. . Byron. 
 
 Oh ! happy, happy lovers ! 
 Happy youth, and happy maid 
 When tremblingly each heart discovers 
 All its love by love repaid 
 
 Old Song. 
 
 PINE, Black Spruce Fir. 
 
 Pinus nigra. 
 
 Pitv. A crown of pine upon his head he wore ; 
 
 And thus began her pity to implore. . Dryden's Ovid. 
 
 Is there no pity sitting in the clouds, 
 That sees into the bottom of my grief? . . 
 
 Where first my shipwreck'd heart was lost, 
 
 I may once more repeat my pain ; 
 
 Once more in dying notes complain 
 
 Of slighted vow sand cold disdain 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 As love can exquisitely bless, 
 
 Love only feels the marvellous of pain ; 
 
 Opens new views of torture in the soul, 
 
 And wakes the nerve where agonies are born. Smollet. 
 
PINE, Black Spruce Fir. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Let soft compassion touch your gentle mind. 
 
 Pope's Ovid. 
 
 Can a bosom so gentle remain 
 Unmov'd, when her Corydon sighs ? . . . Shenstone. 
 
 Could my griefs speak, the tale would have no end. 
 
 Otway. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Your cause doth strike my heart 
 
 With pity Shaks. 
 
 And pity still foreruns approaching love, 
 
 As lightning does the thunder Dryden. 
 
 Love was in the next degree : 
 'Twas but a kindred sound to move, 
 For pity melts the mmd to love same. 
 
 PINE, Pitch. 
 P. rigida. 
 
 Time and philosophy. 
 
 So subtle, and so swift I fly, 
 Love 's not more fugitive than I ! 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Youth is not rich in time ; it may be poor. 
 
 Part with it as with money, sparingly; pay 
 
 No moment, but in purchase of its worth; 
 
 And what its worth, ask death-beds ; they can tell. 
 
 Part with it as with life, reluctant ; big 
 
 With holy hope of nobler time to come. . . Young. 
 
 Time's use was doom'd a pleasure, waste, a pain- 
 That man might feel his error if unseen, 
 And feeling, fly to labour for his cure ; 
 Not blund'ring split on idleness for ease. 
 Life's cares are comforts ; such by Heaven designed ; 
 He that hath none, must make them, or be wretched. 
 
 same. 
 
 Time, which all things else removes, 
 
 Still heightens virtue and improves Gay. 
 
 PINE, Spruce ; 
 
 or, Norway Spruce Fir. 
 Pinus abies. 
 
 Farewell ! Farewell ! whatever be my lot, 
 
 While feeling burns within my breast, 
 Although by thee, perhaps, forgot, 
 On thee remembrance oft will rest. 
 
 In pleasure's time, my heart will say, 
 
 Though brightly move these moments by- 
 Yet far less bright and bless'd are they, 
 Than those I knew when thou wert nigh. 
 
PINE, Spruce. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 And oft in sorrow's lonely hour, 
 
 Thy memory on my soul will steal, 
 Like music's strain, with magic power 
 
 To chase away each thought of ill. : 
 
 Farewell ! may sorrow never thrill 
 
 That breast, where truth and peace reside, 
 
 But unprofaned by anguish still, 
 
 May all thy hours in sweetness glide. 
 
 R. R*****l. 
 
 Farewell ! for I must leave thee, 
 I weep my last adieu. . . . 
 
 Song. 
 
 Farewell ! In that word that fatal word howe'er 
 We promise hope believe there breathes despair. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 PINK, The Carnation. 
 
 Dianthus caryophyllus. 
 
 Woman's love. Yes, woman's love is free from guile, 
 
 And pure as bright Aurora's ray. . . G. P. Morris. 
 
 fo, 
 
 Oh ! where on the earth is the truth that may vie, 
 With woman's love and long constancy ? 
 Absence but makes her love the more, 
 For her thoughts then feed on their own sweet store. 
 And is not hers the heart alone 
 
 That hath pleasure and pride, in a prize, when won 1 \ 
 
 L. E>L. 
 
 Alas, the love of woman ! it is known 
 To be a lovely and a fearful thing ; 
 For all of theirs upon that die is thrown, 
 And if 'tis lost, life has no more to bring 
 To them, but mockeries of the past alone. 
 
 . Byron. 
 
 It is a fearful thing 
 
 To love as I love thee ; to feel the world 
 The bright, the beautiful, joy-giving world 
 A blank without thee. Never more to me 
 Can hope, joy, fear, wear different seeming. Now, 
 I have no hope that does not dream for thee ; 
 I have no joy, that is not shared by thee ; 
 I have no fear, that does not dread for thee. 
 All that I once took pleasure in my lute, 
 Is only sweet when it repeats thy name ; 
 My flowers, I only gather them for thee ; 
 The book drops listless down, I cannot read, 
 Unless it is to thee ; my lonely hours 
 Are spent in shaping forth our future lives, 
 After my own romantic fantasies. 
 He is the star round which my thoughts revolve 
 
 Like satellites L. E. L. 
 
 The Ancestress. 
 
PINK, Indian, single. 
 Dianthus chinensis. 
 
 Aversion. Shall I go on? Or have I said enough ? . . Milton. 
 
 Repulse upon repulse, met ever 
 
 Yet gives not o'er, though desperate of success, same. 
 
 Whose love-suit hath been to me as fearful as a siege. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Wi' curling lip, and scornful een, 
 
 She listened to all he said 
 While the moon look'd down, and the twinkling sheen 
 
 Of the stars is over them shed. 
 My heart is wae for the luckless knight, 
 
 His vows are scattered in air, 
 For pitiless is his lady bright, 
 
 And his prayer is a bootless prayer. 
 
 Go, speak not to me ; even now begone. 
 
 Do I not in plainest truth 
 Tell you I do not, nor I cannot love you ? 
 
 He might have took his answer long ago. . 
 
 S. P. C. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 PINK, Mountain. 
 
 Dianthus ceesius. 
 
 Aspiring. Fain would I climb- 
 But that I fear to fall Sir W. Raleigh. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 If you do fear 
 
 Then do not climb at all ! . . . . Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Who has assay'd no danger, gains no praise. . Prior. 
 
 The wise and active conquer difficulties 
 
 By daring to attempt them Rowe. 
 
 And fearless minds climb soonest unto crowns. Shaks. 
 
 Our doubts are traitors 
 And make us lose, by fearing to attempt, 
 
 The good we oft might win. . . same. 
 
 Thou wilt not take the trouble to be blest. . Young. 
 
 PINK, Red, double. 
 Dianthus rubeus. 
 
 Pure and ardent 
 love. 
 
 He loves you with such a pure and holy fire 
 
 As will not, cannot, but with life expire ! . . Dryden. 
 
 Thou loved beyond what verse or speech can tell ! 
 
 Beattie. 
 
PINK, Red, double. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 I will send the pink, the emblem of my dear, 
 For she 's the pink of womankind, and blooms without 
 a peer Burns. 
 
 'Tis a token of all the heart can keep 
 
 Of holy love, in its fountain deep Anon. 
 
 This pink is one of Cupid's carriers Shaks. 
 
 Oh, tell her that my virtuous flame 
 
 Is, as her spotless soul, refin'd. . . Thomson. Song. 
 
 PINK, Variegated. 
 Dianthus variegatus. 
 
 Refusal. Too much, Alexis, I have heard 
 
 But you shall promise, ne'er again 
 To breathe your vows, or speak your pain. . . Prior. 
 
 (Take my esteem, if you on that can live ; 
 Fdr frankly, sir, 'tis all I have to give. . . Dryden. 
 
 It is not virtue, wisdom, valour, wit, 
 
 Strength, comeliness of shape, or amplest merit, 
 
 That woman's love can win. * * * 
 
 But what it is, hard is to say, harder to hit. . Milton. 
 
 PINK, White. Ingenuousness. 
 
 Dianthus albus. 
 
 Whate'er the emotions of her heart, 
 Still shone conspicuous in her eyes 
 
 Stranger to every female art, 
 
 Alike to feign, or to disguise. . . 
 
 Heart on her lips, and soul within her eyes. 
 
 Shaw. 
 . Byron. 
 
 If tenderness touch'd her, the dark of her eye 
 At once took a darker, a heavenlier dye, 
 From the depth of whose shadow, like holy revealings 
 From the innermost shrine, came the light of her feelings. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Each beauty of her mind and face, 
 Was brighten'd by some sweet peculiar grace ! 
 How eloquent in every look 
 
 Through her expressive eyes, her soul distinctly spoke. 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 And the soft language of the soul 
 
 Flow'd from her never-silent eye. . . . Cartwright. 
 
PLEURISY ROOT ; Cure for the heart- The miserable have no other medicine, but only hope. 
 
 ache. Shaks. 
 
 or, Swallow Wort. 
 
 Hope, heaven-born cherub, still appears, 
 
 Asclepias. Howe'er misfortune seems to lower : 
 
 Her smile the threat'ning tempest clears, 
 And is the rainbow of the shower Anon. 
 
 Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie Shaks. 
 
 Wise men ne'er sit and wail their loss, 
 
 But cheerly seek how to redress their harms. . same. 
 
 You may be pleased to catch at my intent. . . same. 
 
 POLYANTHOS, Lilac Coloured. Confidence. Be as just and gracious unto me, 
 
 As I am confident and kind to thee same. 
 
 Primula. 
 
 Let mutual joys our mutual trust combine, 
 
 And love, and love-born confidence, be thine ! Dryden. 
 
 Thou knowest how fearless is my trust in thee. 
 
 L. E. L. 
 
 POLYANTHOS, The hearts mystery. The love-sick cowslip that head inclines 
 
 Crimson heart. To hide a bleeding heart Hurdis. 
 
 Primula. The rath primrose that forsaken dies. 
 
 Milton's Lycidas. 
 
 The heart hath its mystery, and who may reveal it ; 
 Or who ever read in the depths of their own, 
 How much we never may speak of, yet feel it, 
 But even in feeling it, know it unknown ? . L. E. L. 
 
 A Night in May. 
 
 * * * * None knew 
 If she had loved ; but always did her song 
 Dwell on love's sorrow 
 
 She had a strange sweet voice, the maid who sang 
 " Sleep, heart of mine 
 Why should love awake thee ? 
 Like yon closed rose-bud, 
 To thy rest betake thee. 
 
 Waken, heart, of mine ! 
 
 From such dangerous sleeping ; 
 
 Love's haunted visions 
 
 Ever end in weeping." L. E. L. 
 
 The Ancestress. 
 
POLYANTHOS. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 How light was thy heart till love's witchery came, 
 Like the wind of the south* o'er a summer lute blowing, 
 And hush'd all its music, and wither'd its frame. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 POMEGRANATE, Flower. Mature and Impatient nature had taught motion 
 
 finished elegance. To start fro m tini and > cheerfully, to fly 
 Punica. Before, and seize upon maturity Crashaw. 
 
 Mature she was 
 Grace shap'd her limbs, and beauty deck'd her face. 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Sylvia 's like autumn ripe, yet mild as May, 
 
 More bright than noon, yet fresh as early day. . Gay. 
 
 Time's wing but seem'd, in stealing o'er, 
 
 To leave her lovelier than before Moore. 
 
 POPPY, Red. 
 
 Papaver rhaeas. 
 
 Consolation. Exalt th y love-dejected heart ; 
 
 Be mine the task, or e'er we part, 
 To make thee grief resign. . . 
 
 . Parnell. 
 
 Pray you be comforted ; 
 I will pour balm into thy bleeding wounds, 
 And heal them up for ever. . . . Geo. Coleman, Jr. 
 
 Mountaineers. 
 
 Be of good cheer ; all will go well. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 POPPY, White. My bane ! My antidote ! Doom'd to heal or doom'd to kill, 
 
 Fraught with good or fraught with ill. Mrs. Robinson. 
 P. somniferum. 
 
 'Tis you, alone, can save, or give my doom. . . Ovid. 
 
 On you, most lov'd, with anxious fear I wait, 
 And from your judgment must expect my fate. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 On you my eyes are turn'd, on you depends 
 My fate, with prosperous fortune to be blest, 
 
 Or to be nothing . Euripides. 
 
 Ip/iigenia in Tauris. 
 
 Now on the doubtful edge 
 
 Of black despair I stand, or joyful light. JEschylus. 
 
 The Furies. 
 
 Note.* The Samoor wind so softens the strings of the lute, that 
 they can never be tuned while it lasts. Stephens' Persia. 
 
PRIDE OF CHINA. 
 Melia azedarach. 
 
 Dissension. Alas ' how light a cause may move 
 
 Dissension, between hearts that love ! 
 
 A something, light as air a look, 
 A word unkind, or wrongly taken 
 Oh ! love, that tempest never shook, 
 A breath, a touch like this, hath shaken. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Though light cause may move 
 Dissensions between hearts that love, 
 Is it not true, a cause as light, 
 May sever'd hearts again unite 
 In truer, kindlier, harmony, 
 
 Than felt before ? , 
 
 Anon. 
 
 PRIMROSE, Evening. 
 
 CEnothera. 
 
 Inconstancy. Is there, kind heaven ! no constancy in man ? 
 
 No steadfast truth, no generous fixed affection, 
 That can bear up against a selfish world ? 
 No, there is none. 
 
 Thomson's Tancred and Sigismunda. 
 
 Were man 
 
 But constant, he were perfect : that one error 
 Fills him with faults ; makes him run through all sins : 
 Inconstancy falls off, ere it begins same. 
 
 Oh ! swear not by the moon, th' inconstant moon, 
 
 That monthly changes in her circled orb, 1 
 
 Lest that thy love prove, likewise, variable. Shaks. 
 
 PRIMROSE, Rose coloured. Unpatronised Be thou the first true merit to befriend, 
 
 Primula. 
 
 merit. His praise is lost who waits till all commend. . Pope. 
 
 Ah me ! full sorely is my heart forlorn, 
 To think how modest worth neglected lies ; 
 While partial fame doth with her blasts adorn 
 Such deeds alone, as pride and pomp disguise, 
 Deeds of ill sort, and mischievous emprise. 
 
 Shenstone. 
 
 But own I must, in this perverted age, 
 Who most deserve, can't always most engage ; 
 So far is worth from making glory sure, 
 It often hinders what it should procure. . 
 
 Young. 
 
 UnrivalPd as thy merit, be thy fame ! 
 
 Tickell. 
 
f 
 
PRIVET. 
 
 Ligustrum. 
 
 Mildness. 
 
 With a spirit as meek, as the gentlest of those 
 Who in life's sunny valley lie shelter'd and warm. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 She was a soft landscape of mild earth, 
 Where all was harmony, and calm and quiet, 
 Luxuriant, budding. Byron. 
 
 % . 
 
 Whose heavenly mind, 
 
 Genius, with virtue; strength, with softness join' d 
 With meek simplicity, and joy of heart; 
 Though sprightly, gentle; though polite, sincere ; 
 And only of thyself a judge severe. . . . Beattie. 
 
 Of manners gentle, of affections mild, 
 
 In wit, a man simplicity, a child Pope. 
 
 He, whose gentle breast 
 In nature's softest mould was made. . . Langhorne, 
 
 QUAMOCLIT. 
 Ipomoea. 
 
 Busy body. Busy bodies and intermeddlers, are a dangerous sort 
 
 of people to have to do withal. L 1 Estrange. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Because I take an interest in other people's business, 
 I 'rn hubb'd, and scrubb'd, and rubb'd, and drubb'd, 
 
 Until I feel a dizziness ; 
 Which makes me vow, 1 '11 never do a kind or worthy 
 
 action, 
 For whatso'er I meddle in, I ne'er give satisfaction. 
 
 Poor Paul Pry ! ! 
 
 QUEEN'S ROCKET ; 
 or, Dame's Violet. 
 Hesperis matronalis. 
 
 You are the queen ^ike kings, we l se tne conquests gain'd before, 
 
 of coquettes ^ vam am t"tion still to make them more. . Pope. 
 
 Their smiles, the great, and the coquette, throw out 
 
 For other hearts, tenacious of their own : 
 
 And we no less of ours, when such the bait. . Young. 
 
 The vain coquette each suit disdains, 
 And glories in her lover's pains 
 With age she fades, each lover flies, 
 Contemn'd, forlorn, she pines and dies. 
 
 . . Gay. 
 
RAGGED ROBIN ; 
 or, Meadow Lychnis. 
 Flos cuculi. 
 
 Wit. 
 
 With Cupid's arrow, she hath Dian's wit. . . Shaks. 
 Her words do show her wit incomparably. . . same. 
 
 With her mien she enamours the brave; 
 
 With her wit she engages the free ; 
 
 With her modesty pleases the grave ; 
 
 She is every way pleasing to me. . . . Shenstone. 
 
 Illum'd by a wit that would fascinate sages, 
 Yet playful as Peris just loos'd from their cages. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 My heart would you hit, 
 Tip your arrow with wit, 
 And it comes to my heart with a twang. 
 I am rock to the handsome and pretty, 
 Can only be touch'd by the witty ; 
 And beauty will ogle in vain : 
 The way to my heart 's through my brain. . Garric.k. 
 
 RANUNCULUS. 
 Ranunculus. 
 
 / am dazzled by your 
 charms. 
 
 Bright as the sun, her eyes the gazers strike. . Pope. 
 
 Who sees the heavenly Rosaline, 
 That, like a rude and savage man of Inde, 
 At the first opening of the gorgeous east, 
 Bows not his vassal head, and, strucken blind, 
 Kisses the base ground with obedient breath ? Shaks. 
 
 Oh, I have known a brighter charm 
 Than Flora's region e'er contain'd 
 A piercing radiance that could warm 
 The heart which never beauty claim'd. 
 
 And this was in a maiden's face, 
 Where mantled beauty's gayest dress ; 
 She was so sweet so wildly fair, 
 Methought perfection centr'd there S**n. 
 
 ROCKET. 
 
 Hesperis. 
 
 Rivalry. 
 
 Oh, love ! thou sternly dost thy power maintain, 
 
 And wilt not bear a rival in thy reign, 
 
 Tyrants and thee all fellowship disdain. . . Dryden. 
 
 Love, well thou know'st, no partnership allows ; 
 Cupid, averse, rejects divided vows Prior. 
 
 Friendship is constant in all other things, 
 
 Saving the office and affairs of love : 
 
 Therefore all hearts in love use their own tongues, 
 
 And trust no agent; for beauty is a witch 
 
 Against whose charms faith melteth into blood. Shaks. 
 
ROCKET. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 I saw them, hand in hand, walk o'er the mead : 
 Would my closed eye had sunk in endless night, 
 Ere I was doom'd to bear that hateful sight ! 
 Where'er they pass'd, be blasted every flower ! 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 Say, thou inconstant, what has Damon done, 
 
 To lose the heart his tedious pains had won ? 
 
 Tell me what you in my rival find, 
 
 Against whose power no ties have strength to bind ? 
 
 Has he, like me, with long obedience, strove 
 
 To conquer your disdain, arid merit love ? 
 
 Has he, with transport, every smile ador'd, 
 
 And died with grief at each ungentle word? 
 
 Ah, no ! the conquest was obtain'd with ease ; 
 
 He pleased you, by not studying to please : 
 
 His careless indolence your pride alarm'd ; 
 
 And had he lov'd you more, he less had charm'd. 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 ROSE, Austrian. 
 Rosa bicolor. 
 
 Thou art all that 
 lovely. 
 
 Bright as the blush of rising morn ! 
 
 Light as the angel shapes that bless 
 An infant's dream, yet not the less 
 Rich in all woman's loveliness . 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Loveliest of women ! Heaven is in thy soul ; 
 Beauty and virtue shine for ever round thee, 
 Brightening each other ! Thou art all divine. Addison. 
 
 Thou art so fair, so excellently fram'd, 
 
 There is such mind in thy soul-breathing eye, 
 
 As if its pure home in heaven it claimed, 
 
 And thence alone could draw its witchery ; 
 
 Thy voice hath such a soothing melody, 
 
 And on thy lightest thought such magic plays, 
 
 Like a bright fountain on the gladden'd sky 
 
 Methinks, as on thy perfect form I gaze, 
 
 In peace should be thy paths, in pleasantness thy ways. 
 
 C.M. 
 
 ROSE, Bridal ; Happy love. 
 
 or, Rose-leaved Bramble. 
 Rubus rossefolius. 
 
 " To feel that we adore, to such refined excess, 
 That though the heart would break with more, 
 
 It could not do with less. .\ . . . . Moore. 
 
 My soul hath her content so absolute, 
 That not another comfort like to this, 
 Succeeds in unknown fate, . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
"** 
 
 ROSE. 
 
 (Continued.} 
 
 Thou art more happy, Oh, my soul ! than speech 
 Knows to express : what shall I say, 'tis all 
 Surpassing wonder and the power of words. Euripides. 
 
 Iphigenia in Taurus. 
 
 She is mine own : 
 
 And I as rich in having such a jewel, 
 As twenty seas, if all their sand were pearls, 
 The water nectar, and the rocks pure gold. . . S/iaks. 
 
 My true love is grown to such excess, 
 
 I cannot sum up half my sum of wealth. . . . same. 
 
 There 's beggary in love that can be reckon'd. . same. 
 
 Bring flowers, fresh flowers, for the bride to wear ! 
 They were born to blush in her shining hair. 
 Bring flowers, for the locks of the fair young bride. 
 
 Hetnans. 
 
 ROSE, Burgundy. 
 
 Rosa parbifolia. 
 
 Unconscious beauty. Doubts the beauty, which she doubts alone, 
 
 Which dazzles every eye, except her own. . . Hayley. 
 
 Around her shone 
 The nameless charmr-, unmark'd by her alone. Byron. 
 
 O'er her warm cheek the blush of beauty swims. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 The bloom that open'd on her face 
 
 Well seem'd the emblem of her mind, 
 
 Where snowy innocence we trace, 
 
 With blushing modesty combin'd. . . . Cartwright. 
 
 ROSE, Cabbage. 
 Rosa capitatum. 
 
 The ambassador of 
 love. 
 
 Go, fragrant rose, and deck the lovely breast 
 Of her whose image ever dwells in mine, 
 
 And in thy fair abode supremely blest, 
 With balmy sweets repay the bliss divine. 
 
 Go, rose my Chloe's bosom grace 
 
 How happy should I prove, 
 Might I supply that envied place, 
 
 With never-fading love ! 
 
 Anon. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Yet I have not seen 
 
 So likely an ambassador of love : 
 
 A day in April never came so sweet, 
 
 To show how costly summer was at hand, 
 
 As this fore-spurrer comes before his lord. 
 
 . SJiaks. 
 
 -4- 
 
-fc 
 
 
 

-* 
 
 ROSE, Daily. 
 
 Rosa quotidiana. 
 
 That smile I would 
 aspire to ! 
 
 Smiling she seem'd, and full of pleasing thought. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The pleasant hour 
 Only wants thy smile to bless it Anon. 
 
 Who will, may pant for glory and excel, 
 
 Her smile liis aim, all higher aims farewell ! . Cowper. 
 
 Oh ! let me only breathe the air, 
 
 The blessed air, that 's breath'd by thee, 
 
 And whether on its wings it bear 
 
 Healing, or death, 'tis sweet to me Moore. 
 
 Smiles from reason flow and are of love the food. 
 
 Milton. 
 Answer. 
 
 Know, smiler, at thy peril thou art pleas'd, 
 Thy pleasure is the promise of thy pain, 
 The fancied med'cine heightens the disease. Young. 
 
 ROSE, Damask. 
 Rosa damascena. 
 
 Freshness. Fresh as the morn, and as the season fair ! . . Pope. 
 
 Your lips disclose 
 The freshness of the op'ning rose ; 
 Your cheeks are beds of flowers, 
 Enripen'd by refreshing showers Gay. 
 
 Her cheek was fresher than the morning rose 
 
 When the dew wets its leaves Thomson, 
 
 Sweet are the charms of her I love, 
 
 More fragrant than the damask rose, 
 
 Soft as the down of turtle dove, 
 
 Gentle as air when zephyr blows, 
 
 Refreshing as descending rains 
 
 To sun-burnt climes, and thirsty plains. . . Booth. 
 
 ROSE, Deep red. 
 
 Bashful shame. ^ have marked a thousand blushing apparitions 
 
 To start into her face ; a thousand innocent shames 
 In angel whiteness bear away those blushes. Shaks. 
 
 From every blush that kindles in thy cheeks, 
 
 Ten thousand little loves and graces spring 
 
 To revel in the roses Rowe. 
 
 The crimson glow of modesty o'erspread 
 
 Her cheek, and gave new lustre to her charms. 
 
 Dr. Thos. Franklin. 
 
 Still, from the sweet confusion, some new grace 
 Blush'd out by stealth, and languish'd in her face. 
 
 Eusden's Ovid. 
 
 So sweet the blush of bashfulness, 
 
 Even pity scarce can wish it less ! . . . . Byron. 
 
 til 
 
ROSE, Hundred leaved. 
 Rosa centifolia. 
 
 Pride, I will instruct my sorrow to be proud, 
 
 For grief is proud, and makes his owner stout. Stiaks. 
 
 Answer. 
 Yet less of sorrow than of pride was there. . Byron. 
 
 Rejoinder. 
 
 Ah ! little will the lip reveal 
 
 Of all the burning heart can feel L. E, L. 
 
 How much of pride, that never eye 
 
 May look upon its agony same. 
 
 ROSE, Maidens' Blush. If you do love me, I do betray myself with blushing ! .... Shaks. 
 
 you will Jind me out. 
 Rosa rubor virginea. Confusion thrill'd me then, and secret joy, 
 
 Fast throbbing, stole its treasures from my heart, 
 And mantling upward, turn'd my face to crimson. 
 
 Brooke's Gustavus Vasa. 
 
 I blush to think what I have said 
 
 But fate has wrested the confession from me. 
 
 Go on, and prosper in the paths of honour : 
 
 Thy virtue will excuse my passion for thee, 
 
 And make the gods propitious to our love. . Addison. 
 
 And yet, what need I blush at such a choice ? 
 
 I love a man whom I am proud to love. . . Dryden. 
 
 ROSE, Moss, full blown. Superior merit. Behold the first in virtue, as in face ! 
 
 In praise so just, let every voice be raised. . . 
 
 Rosa muscosa. 
 
 Oh ! what perfections must that virgin share, 
 
 Who fairest is esteem'd, where all are fair ! . Prior. 
 
 The virtuous Marcia towers above her sex : 
 
 True she is fair oh, how divinely fair ! 
 
 But still the lovely maid improves her charms 
 
 With inward greatness, unaffected wisdom, 
 
 And sanctity of manners. Cato's soul 
 
 Shines out in every thing she acts and speaks ; 
 
 While winning mildness and attractive smiles 
 
 Dwell in her looks. Addison. 
 
 She is one 
 
 For whom a life were a small sacrifice, 
 Aye, to be deemed as nothing ! 
 
 . S.P.C. 
 
 How could my tongue 
 Take pleasure, and be lavish in thy praise ! 
 
ROSE. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 How could I speak thy nobleness of nature ! 
 Thy open, manly heart, thy courage, constancy, 
 And inborn truth, unknowing to dissemble ! 
 
 And, in a word, (for far behind his worth 
 Come all the praises that I can bestow,) 
 He is complete in feature and in mind, 
 With all good grace to grace a gentleman. 
 
 He is worthy for an empress' love, 
 As meet to be an emperor's counsellor. 
 
 Rowe. 
 
 . Shaks. 
 
 ROSE-BUD, Moss. 
 
 Rosa muscosa. 
 
 Confession. Well did I mark the new-born passion grow, 
 
 Which my heart beat responsive at perceiving. 
 
 A. Sketon. 
 I know not why 
 
 I love this youth ; and I have heard you say, 
 Love's reason 's without reason Shaks. 
 
 As letters some hand has invisibly trac'd, 
 
 When held to the flame will steal out to the sight ; 
 
 So, many a feeling that long seem'd effac'd, 
 
 The warmth of a meeting like this brings to light. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 A light comes o'er me from those looks of love, 
 Like the first dawn of mercy from above. . . same. 
 
 In the mild eyes that shone before him, 
 
 Beaming that blest assurance, worth 
 
 AD other transports known on earth, 
 
 That he was loved 
 
 Oh ! in this precious hour he prov'd 
 
 How deep, how thorough-felt the glow 
 
 Of rapture, kindling out of wo. same. 
 
 ROSE, Multiflora. Grace. 
 
 R. M. 
 or, Bramble, flowered Chinese Rose. 
 
 Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, 
 
 In every gesture dignity and love Milton. 
 
 Heavens ! with what grace she mov'd, 
 Who could have seen her then, and not have lov'd ? 
 
 Ly Helton. 
 
 With smooth step 
 Disclosing motion in its every charm. . . Thomson. 
 
 Each look, each motion, wak'd a new-born grace, 
 That o'er her form its transient glory cast. . Mason. 
 
ROSE, Multiflora. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 All the wonders of external grace, 
 A person finely turn'd, a mould, a face, 
 Where, union rare, expression's lively force, 
 With beauty's softest magic holds discourse, 
 
 Attract the eye, 
 Rouse the quick passions, and inflame the heart. 
 
 Churchill. 
 
 Melinda ! formed with every grace complete, 
 Yet these neglecting, above beauty wise. Thomson. 
 
 ROSE, Mundi. 
 Rosa Tersicolor. 
 
 Variety. 
 
 Skilled alike to dazzle and to please. . . . Rogers. 
 
 Each look, each motion, waked a new-born grace, 
 
 That o'er her form its transient glory cast. 
 Some lovelier wonder soon usurped the place, 
 Chas'd by a charm still lovelier than the last. 
 
 Mason. 
 
 That loveliness, ever in motion, which plays 
 Like the light upon autumn's soft shadowy days, 
 Now here, and now there, giving warmth as it flies 
 From the lips to the cheek, from the cheek to the eyes 
 Now melting in rnist, and now breaking in gleams ; 
 Like the glimpses a saint hath of heav'n in his dreams. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 She stood as stands a rainbow in a storm, 
 Changing its hue with bright variety, 
 But still expanding lovelier o'er the sky, 
 Howe'er its arch may swell, its colours move, 
 
 The cloud-compelling harbinger of love. 
 
 As sun-shine dwells upon the summer wave, 
 Changing for ever, yet for ever bright. 
 
 New beauties rise with each revolving day. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 S. P. C. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 ROSE, Musk cluster. 
 Rosa muschata. 
 
 Charming. 
 
 Where the power that charms us so, 
 In the soul, or in the eye ? . . 
 
 Behold a nymph with ev'ry virtue graced, 
 Minerva's head on Venus' shoulders placed ! 
 Here's beauty, mental, moral, and divine, 
 To charm the lover, and his thoughts refine. 
 
 Waller. 
 
 Anon. 
 
 What 's female beauty, but an air divine, 
 
 Through which the mind's all gentle graces shine ? 
 
 They, like the sun, irradiate all between, 
 
 The body charms, because the soul is seen. Young. 
 
 With artless grace, and native ease she charms. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
ROSE, Musk cluster. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Who can resist her charms ? Young. 
 
 Oh, he was all made up oflove and charms : 
 
 Whatever maid could wish, or man admire ; 
 
 Delight of every eye; when he appear'd, 
 
 A secret pleasure gladden'd all that saw him ; 
 
 But, when he talk'd, the proudest Roman blush'd 
 
 To hear his virtues, and old age grew wise. Addison, 
 
 ROSE-BUD, Red. 
 Rosa rubrifolia. 
 
 You are young and 
 beautiful. 
 
 She 's young and fair 
 In these, to nature she 's immediate heir. . . Shaks. 
 
 Young as beautiful ! and soft as young ! 
 
 And gay as soft ! and innocent as gay ! 
 
 And happy [if aught happy here] as good ! Young. 
 
 In youth's fresh bloom with beauty crown'd. 
 
 jEschylus 1 Agamemnon. 
 
 Fair, lovely maiden young and affable, 
 More clear of hue, and far more beautiful 
 Than precious sardonix, or purple rocks 
 Of amethyst, or glistering hyacinth. . . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Eternal youth 
 
 O'er all her form its glowing honours breath'd, 
 And smiles eternal from her candid eyes 
 Flow'd like the dewy lustre of the morn, 
 Effusive trembling on the placid waves. . Akenside. 
 
 Oh ! would that life were ever thus 
 As beautiful and gay 
 
 . . W.B.G. 
 
 ROSE, Red, full blown. 
 
 Rosa rubrifolia. 
 
 Beauty. Oh beauty ! till now I never knew thee. . . . Shaks. 
 
 Lady, thy lofty brow is fair, 
 
 Beauty's sign and seal are there. 
 
 And thy lip is like the rose, 
 
 Closing round the bee's repose. . . S. T. Lawrence. 
 
 The faultless form, 
 
 Shap'd by the hand of harmony ; the cheek 
 Where the live crimson, through the native white 
 Soft-shooting, o'er the face diffuses bloom, 
 And every nameless grace ; the parted lip, 
 Like the red rose-bud, moist with morning dew, 
 Breathing delight ; * * * * 
 The look resistless, piercing to the soul, 
 And, by the soul inforrn'd, when, drest in love, 
 She sits high-smiling in the conscious eye. Thomson. 
 
ROSE, Red. The brightness ofher cheek would shame the stars, 
 
 As daylight doth a lamp ! her eye in heaven 
 (Continued.) Would through the airy region stream so bright, 
 
 That birds would sing, and think it were not night. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 ROSE, Unique. Call me not beautiful\ Since that my beauty cannot please his eye, 
 
 Rosa unica. 
 
 I '11 weep what 's left away, and weeping, die. f Shaks. 
 
 How sweetly could I lay my head 
 
 Within the cold grave's silent breast, 
 
 Where sorrow's tears no more are shed. . . Moore. 
 
 Would I could die * * and be at peace ! 
 These torments in the quiet grave would cease. 
 There, my vex'd thoughts a calm repose would find. 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 When will heaven, its silent bell ringing, 
 
 Call my spirit from this stormy world ? . . Moore. 
 
 ROSE-BUD, White. A heart that is Mine, is the freedom of the soul, 
 
 ignorant of love. &**& mine, the unconquer'd will Dale. 
 
 Rosa alba. 
 
 Do not disturb our calm, oh love ! .... Moore. 
 
 -:, By love, the young and tender wit 
 Is turn'd to folly ; blasting in the bud, 
 Losing his verdure even in the prime, 
 And all the fair effects of future hopes. . . . Shaks. 
 
 No let me be 
 " In maiden meditation, fancy free !" ... same. 
 
 All its joys and pains to others I resign, 
 
 Be the vacant heart, the careless bosom, mine ! Moore. 
 
 From love's weak childish vow I live unharm'd. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 ROSE, White. I am worthy of you. By all this heart hath borne for thee, 
 
 By all it suffers now Anon. 
 
 Rosa alba. 
 
 My sufferings for you make your heart my due. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 Take then this flower 
 
 The perfume of its faded leaves, triumphant o'er decay, 
 
 May whisper of my changeless love, when I have pass'd 
 
 away Anon. 
 

ROSE, White Transient impressions. What speaks the pale and drooping flower? 
 
 and withered. Of joy that withers in an hour ! .... T. Dale. 
 
 Quickly wither'd like your love away. . . . Anon. 
 
 Love, hitherto a transient guest, 
 
 Ne'er held possession in his breast. .... Swift. 
 
 Lightly won, and lightly lost, love, I shed no tears for 
 
 thee ; 
 There was little to remember, and nothing to regret. 
 
 L. E. L. 
 
 I have no parting sigh to give, 
 
 So take my parting smile same. 
 
 ROSE, without a thorn. 
 
 Rosa inermis. 
 
 Ingratitude. 
 
 If there be a crime 
 
 Of deeper dye than all the guilty train 
 Of human vices, 'tis ingratitude. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Franklin's Earl of Warwick. 
 
 How oft does seeming worth, that thornless rose, 
 Caress'd and nurtured by affection's hand, 
 Shoot out ingratitude's rough thorns, and wound 
 The gentle hand that tends it S. P. C. 
 
 Ah, me ! how oft does goodness wound itself, 
 And sweet affection prove the spring of wo. 
 
 Shake. 
 
 ROSE, Yellow. 
 
 Yellow Sweet Briar. 
 
 Rosa lutea. 
 
 The decrease of love, Tne warmest love may sink by slow decay 
 on belter acquaintance. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 For several virtues, I have liked several women ; 
 Never any with so full soul, but some defect in her 
 Did quarrel with the noblest grace she ow'd, 
 And put it to the foil Shaks. 
 
 ROSE, York and Lancaster. 
 
 Rosa versicolor. 
 
 War. Such war of white and red within her cheeks. Shaks. 
 
 ./* 
 
 There is a white cloud o'er the moon, its form 
 
 Is very light, and yet there sleeps the storm ; 
 
 It is an omen, it may tell the fate 
 
 Of love known all too soon, repented all too late. 
 
 Thomson's Masquerade. 
 
 A chase of idle hopes and fears, 
 Begun in folly, closed in tears. 
 
 The beacon sign of inward strife, 
 Was that cheek's flushing red. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 . . L.E.L. 
 
ROSE, York and Lancaster. 
 
 (Continued,) 
 
 That proud heart had been given to one 
 Who sought it not to win 
 
 And now she only strove to hide 
 
 The burning shame within. . . . 
 
 . L. E.L. 
 
 ROSE, Campion. 
 Agrostemma. 
 
 Only deserve my love. Our hearts ne'er bow but to superior worth ; 
 And never fail of their allegiance there. 
 
 Young. 
 
 The soul of music slumbers in the shell, 
 
 Till waked and kindled by the master spell ; 
 
 And feeling hearts touch them but lightly, pour 
 
 A thousand melodies unheard before. . . . Rovers. 
 
 My love is thine to teach ; teach it but how, 
 And thou shall see how apt it is to learn 
 Any hard lesson that may do thee good. 
 
 Skaks. 
 
 ROSEMARY. 
 Rosmarinus officinalis. 
 
 Keep this remembrance for thy Julia's sake. . S/iaks. 
 
 She sent him rosemary, to the intent that he should hold 
 her in remembrance Draylon. 
 
 Answer* 
 
 She placed it sad, with needless fear, 
 Lest time should shake my wavering soul 
 Unconscious that her image there 
 Held every sense in fast control. . . . 
 
 Byron. 
 
 Oh ! only those 
 
 Whose souls have felt this one idolatry, 
 Can tell how precious is the slightest thing 
 Affection gives and hallows ! A dead flower 
 Will long be kept, remembrancer of looks 
 That made each leaf a treasure. .... 
 / I 
 
 L. E. L. 
 
 RUE. 
 
 Ruta graveolens. 
 
 Disdain. She I love, or laughs at all my pain, 
 
 Or knows her worth too well, and pays me with disdain. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Disdain and scorn ride sparkling in her eyes, 
 Misprizing what they look upon Shaks. 
 
 Oh ! to be in love, where scorn is bought with groans ; coy 
 
 looks 
 
 With heart-sore sighs; one fading moment's mirth, 
 With twenty watchful, weary, tedious nights ! same. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Can this be true ? 
 
 Stand I condemn'd for pride and scorn so much ? 
 Contempt, farewell ! and, maiden pride, adieu ! 
 No glory lives behind the back of such. 
 
RUE. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 And, Benedict, love on, I will requite thee, 
 Taming my wild heart to thy loving hand ; 
 For others say thou dost deserve, and I 
 Believe it better than reportingly. . . 
 
 Shake. 
 
 SAGE. Domestic Virtues. 
 
 Salvia officinalis. 
 
 Nothing lovelier can be found 
 In woman, than to study household good ; 
 And good works in her husband to promote. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 A woman's noblest station is retreat : 
 Her fairest virtues fly from public sight ; 
 Domestic worth that shuns too strong a light. 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 Domestic happiness, thou only bliss 
 Of paradise, that hast surviv'd the fall ! 
 * * * * 
 
 Thou art the nurse of virtue ; in thine arms 
 She smiles, appearing, as in truth she is, 
 Heav'n-born, and destin'd to the skies again. Cowper. 
 
 ' To give society its highest taste ; 
 Well-order'd home man's best delight to make ; 
 And, by submissive wisdom, modest skill, 
 With every gentle, care-deluding art, 
 To raise the virtues, animate the bliss, 
 And sweeten all the toils of human life : 
 This be the female dignity and praise. . . Thomson. 
 
 I 've heard my honest uncle often say, 
 
 That lads should a' for wives that 's virtuous pray ; 
 
 For the maist thrifty man could never get 
 
 A weel-stor'd room, unless his wife wad let. 
 
 Allan Ramsay. 
 
 SCABIOUS, 
 Dark purple. 
 
 Scabiosa atro-purpurea. 
 
 Unfortunate attach- 
 ment. 
 
 Oh, love ! how are thy precious, sweetest moments 
 Thus ever cross'd, thus vex'd with disappointments ! 
 
 Rowe's Ulysses. 
 
 Such is the posie love composes ; 
 A stinging nettle mixed with roses Brown. 
 
 Have blissful thoughts allur'd thee on, 
 And faded when most fair ? 
 
 The look the tone of bliss is gone, 
 Love has been there 
 
 T. Bayley. 
 
 The maid that loves, 
 Goes out to sea upon a shattered plank, 
 And puts her trust in miracles for safety. 
 
 Young. 
 
 Ah, Zelica ! there was a time when bliss 
 Shone o'er thy heart from every look of his ; 
 When but to see him, hear him, breathe the air 
 In which he dwelt, was thy soul's fondest prayer ! 
 
SCABIOUS. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 When round him hung such a perpetual spell, 
 Whate'er he did, none ever did so well. 
 Too happy days ! when, if he touch'd a flower 
 Or gem of thine, 'twas sacred from that hour ; 
 When thou didst study him, till every tone, 
 And gesture, and dear look, became thy own. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 SCARLET LYCHNIS. 
 Lychnis chalcedonica. 
 
 X- 
 
 Sun-beamed eyes. Her glance, how wildly beautiful/. . 
 
 Soul beam'd forth in every spark 
 That darted from beneath the lid, 
 Bright as the jewel of Giamschid. . . 
 
 Byron. 
 
 In her two eyes two living lamps did flame, 
 
 Kindled above, at the heavenly light, 
 
 And darting fiery beams out of tho same, 
 
 So passing pearceant, and so wondrous bright, 
 
 That quite bereav'd the rash beholders of their sight. 
 
 Spencer. 
 
 And then her look Oh, where 's the heart so wise, 
 Could, unbewilder'd, meet those matchless eyes ? 
 Quick, restless, strange, but exquisite withal, 
 
 Like those of angels Moore. 
 
 / 
 So by thy bright eye's glowing beam, 
 
 I court, as it were, my undoing ; 
 And although but to torture they gleam, 
 
 I knowingly rush to my ruin tame. 
 
 J 
 Thus the moth round a tremulous light, 
 
 With quivering wing still will turn, 
 And merely because it is bright, 
 
 Although once he has felt it can burn. . . . same. 
 
 And see the danger which we cannot shun. Dryden. 
 
 SNAP DRAGON. 
 Antirrhinum. 
 
 Presumption. Minds somewhat raised 
 
 By false presumptuous hope ! Milton. 
 
 Answer. 
 With looks that asked, yet dared not hope relief. 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 I was indeed delirious in my heart, 
 To lift my love so lofty as thou art. 
 That thou wert beautiful, and I not blind, 
 
 Hath been my sin ; 
 To love too much has been the only art I used. 
 
 Byron. 
 
SNAP DRAGON. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 If 'tis presumption for a wretch condemned, 
 
 To throw himself beneath his judges' feet : 
 
 A boldness more than this, I never knew. . Dryden. 
 
 There is a pleasure, sure, 
 
 In being mad, which none but madmen know ! 
 
 Let me indulge it : let me gaze for ever ! 
 
 And, since you are too great to be belov'd, 
 
 Be greater, greater yet and be ador'd. . . . tame. 
 
 SNOW BALL. 
 Viburnum opulus. 
 
 To bind. 
 
 I will make a desperate tender of my love ! . Shaks. 
 
 If thou dost love, my kindness shall incite thee 
 
 To bind our loves up in a holy band same. 
 
 For, if you will be married to-morrow, you shall ; 
 
 And to Rosalind, if you will same. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 I will marry thee if ever I marry woman, 
 
 And I '11 be married to-morrow same. 
 
 So is the forehead of a married man, more 
 
 Honourable than the bare brow of a bachelor. . fame. 
 
 SNOW DROP. Refinement. 
 
 Galanthus nivalis. 
 
 * * * * Love refines 
 The thoughts, and heart enlarges ; hath his seat 
 In reason Milton. 
 
 Love, studious how to please, improves our parts 
 With polish'd manners, and adorns with arts. Dryden. 
 
 Love made an active progress through his mind, 
 The dusky parts he clear'd, the gross refin'd, 
 
 The drowsy wak'd same. 
 
 By love, his want of words and wit he found, 
 
 That sense of want prepared the future way 
 
 To knowledge, and disclos'd the promise of a day. 
 
 Love taught him shame; and shame, with love at strife, 
 
 Soon taught the sweet civilities of life. . . . same. 
 
 SORREL, Wild. Wit ill timed. He makes a foe, who makes a jest Gay. 
 
 Oxalis. Intemperate wits will spare neither friend nor foe. 
 
 L 1 Estrange. 
 
SORREL, Wild. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 The world's large tongue 
 Proclaims you for a man replete with mocks ; 
 Full of comparisons, and wounding flouts ; 
 Which you on all estates will execute, 
 That lie within the mercy of your wit. . . Shaks, 
 
 Wit, how delicious to man's dainty taste ! 
 'Tis precious as the vehicle of sense ; 
 But, as its substitute, a dire disease. 
 Pernicious talent ! flattered by the world, 
 By the blind world, which thinks the talent rare. 
 
 Young. 
 
 Wit, makes an enterpriser ; sense, a man. 
 
 Wit, widow'd of good sense, is worse than nought ; 
 
 It hoists more sail to run against a rock. . . same. 
 
 SPEEDWELL. 
 Veronica. 
 
 Female fidelity. Oh ! woman's love 's a holy light, 
 
 And when 'tis kindled, ne'er can die, 
 It lives, though treachery and slight 
 To quench the constant flame may try. 
 
 A 
 
 Like ivy, where it grows 'tis seen 
 
 To wear an everlasting green : 
 
 Like ivy, too, 'tis found to cling 
 
 Too often round a worthless thing Anon. 
 
 Pure, as the snow the summer sun 
 Never at noon hath look'd upon 
 Deep, as is the diamond wave, 
 Hidden in the desert cave 
 Changeless, as the greenest leaves 
 Of the wreath the cypress weaves 
 Hopeless, often, when most fond 
 Without hope or fear beyond 
 
 Its own pale fidelity _ 
 
 And this woman's love can be. / . . . . L. E. L. 
 
 SPIDER WORT. 
 
 Tradescantia virginica. 
 
 / esteem, but do not 
 love you. 
 
 There 's something tells me, (but it is not love,) 
 
 I would not lose you ; and you know yourself, 
 
 Hate counsels not in such a quality. . . . Shaks. 
 
 Oh, do not talk to me of love, 
 
 'Tis deepest cruelty to me 
 
 Why throw a net around the bird, 
 
 That might be happy, light, and free ? . Westmacott. 
 
 There is in love a ceaseless vestal flame, 
 
 Oh, surely this is not what thou wouldst claim ; 
 
 The pledge of friendship (wilt thou not receive ?) 
 
 Is truly yours 'tis all my heart can give. . . <S**n. 
 
STAR OF BETHLEHEM. Reconciliation. 
 
 Ornithogalum. 
 
 Love quarrels oft in pleasing concord end. Milton. 
 
 I would have my love 
 
 Angry sometimes, to sweeten off the rest of her be- 
 haviour. B. Jonson. 
 
 And well do vanish'd frowns enhance 
 The charm of every brighten'd glance ; 
 And dearer seems each dawning smile, 
 For having lost its light awhile. . . . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 The short passing anger but seem'd to awaken 
 New beauty, like flowers that are sweetest when shaken. 
 
 same. 
 
 ***** No cloud 
 Of anger shall remain ; but peace assur'd 
 And reconcilement. Milton. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S WORT. 
 Hypericum. 
 
 Superstition. Lovely beyond the painter's brightest dream, 
 
 Vision of beauty ! Can it be of earth 
 Or, is it some celestial habitant 
 Of yonder gorgeous palaces of air, 
 Built by the genii in the evening sky ? . . S. P. C. 
 
 I took it for a fairy vision 
 Of some gay creatures of the element, 
 That in the colours of the rainbow live, 
 And play i' th' plighted clouds. . . . 
 
 Say from what far and sunny shore, 
 Fair wonder, thou dost rove ; 
 
 Lest what I only should adore, 
 
 I heedless think to love 
 
 Milton. 
 
 C***e. 
 
 STRAWBERRY TREE. 
 
 Arbutus. 
 
 Esteem and Love. 
 
 O, why is gentle love 
 A stranger to that mind, 
 Which pity and esteem can move, 
 Which can be just and kind. . . 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 Love is not love, 
 
 When it is mingled with respects, that stand 
 Aloof from the entire point Shakt. 
 
 Friendship, when we ask for love, is like the fra- 
 grance of remote flowers, that faintly touches the 
 senses ; or, like the beams of the chaste moon that 
 gives us light, but yields not warmth. . S. Johnson. 
 
 I do love you more than words can wield the matter. 
 
 ***** 
 
 A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable. . 
 
 Sfiaks. 
 
STRAWBERRY TREE. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 And long experience of your goodness 
 What then was passion, is my judgment now. 
 Through all the several changes of your life, 
 Confirm'd and settled in adoring you. 
 
 Haynes" 1 Fatal Mistake. 
 
 For all true love is grounded on esteem. 
 
 Buckingham. 
 
 SUMACH, Venice. Splendour. 
 
 Rhus cotinus. 
 
 , 
 
 To splendour only do we live ? 
 
 Must pomp alone our thoughts employ ? 
 
 All, all that pomp and splendour give, 
 
 Is dearly bought with love and joy ! . Cartwright. 
 
 Can wealth give happiness ? look round and see 
 
 What gay distress ! what splendid misery ! 
 
 I envy none their pageantry and show, 
 
 I envy none the gilding of their wo. . . . Young. 
 
 \ 
 No flocks, nor herds, nor stores of gold, 
 
 Nor house, nor home have I, 
 If beauty must be bought and sold, 
 
 Alas ! / cannot buy ! ....... Old song. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Truth, the sunshine of the breast, 
 
 Were Armine's wealth, were Armine's fame. 
 
 No wealth nor pow'r had he, 
 Wisdom and worth were all he had, 
 But these were all to me ! 
 
 Cartwright. 
 
 Goldsmith. 
 
 ^erit like his, the fortune of the mind, 
 Beggars all wealth. 
 
 Thomson's Tancred and Sigismunda. 
 
 I feel I love him, and, in that word are contained birth, 
 feme, and riches ..... O'Keefe. Wild Oats. 
 
 Oh ! if gold could win his heart, 
 I should from the search depart. 
 
 L. E. L. 
 
 " What can wealth be to that young heart 
 
 Which has a mine of treasure in its own fresh feelings?" 
 
 SUN FLOWER, Dwarf. 
 
 Helianthus indicus. 
 
 Your devout adorer. Oh ! the heart that has truly lov'd never forgets, 
 
 But as truly loves on to the close ; 
 As the sun-flower turns on her god, when he sets, 
 The same look which she gave when he rose. 
 
 Moore. 
 
SUN FLOWER, Dwarf. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 The moon looks 
 
 On many brooks, 
 
 The brook can see no moon but this : 
 And thus I thought our fortunes run, 
 For many a lover looks to thee : 
 While, oh ! I feel there is but one, 
 One Mary in the world for me. . . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Her words such a pleasure convey, 
 So much I her accents adore, 
 
 Let her speak, and whatever she say, 
 Methinks I should love her the more. 
 
 Shenstone. 
 
 SUN FLOWER, Tall. Pride. 
 
 Helianthus annuus. 
 
 Haughtiness. The sun-flower, with gaudy display, 
 
 Above all the garden around 
 Exhibits his golden array, 
 
 As if scorning to spring from the ground. 
 
 He lifts his proud head to the sky, 
 And seeks the broad blaze of the day, 
 
 But the poet, and lover, pass by, 
 And turn from his glory away : 
 
 In some spot, more sequester'd, to find 
 A delicate flower of the morn, 
 
 Whose fragrance and beauty combin'd, 
 His bower and his bosom adorn. . . . 
 
 . B.L.L. 
 
 The proud giant of the garden race, 
 O'ertops his fellows with aspiring aim. 
 
 Churchill. 
 
 The gaudy orient sun-flower from the crowd 
 
 Uplifts its golden circle Maturin. 
 
 SWEET BRIAR. Simplicity. 
 
 Rosa suaveolens. 
 
 Fair nature's sweet simplicity 
 With elegance refined. . . , 
 
 The feeling heart, simplicity of life, 
 And elegance, and taste 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 So artless, so simple, so wild 
 
 Thou emblem, said I, of my Phillis, 
 
 For she is simplicity's child. 
 
 The rose-bud 's the blush of my charmer, 
 
 Her sweet balmy lip when 'tis prest ; 
 How fair and how pure is the lily, 
 
 But fairer and purer her breast. .... 
 
 Burns. 
 
* 
 
 SWEET BRIAR. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Beautiful one ! Thy look and tone 
 
 Of witchery are nature 'sown 
 
 Like light from heaven, thy magic glance 
 
 Thy voice, the harp's wild utterance, 
 
 When touch'd at, eve by some spirit's hand, 
 
 It breathes the notes of the better land. . . S. P. C. 
 
 SWEET WILLIAM. 
 Dianthus barbatus. 
 
 Finesse. 
 
 
 Griefs, alas ! that may not speak, 
 
 Earn poor relief by feigning B. Chester. 
 
 /> 
 
 Many a withering thought lies hid, not lost, 
 
 In smiles, that least befit who wear them most. Byron. 
 
 So the cheek may be ting'd with a warm sunny smile, 
 Though the cold heart to ruin runs darkly the while. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 An outward firmness, whate'er lurk'd below. L. E. L. 
 
 Her cheek was red, but who could know 
 'Twas flushing with the strife below ? 
 Her eye was bright, but who could tell 
 It shone with tears she strove to quell? 
 
 * * * # 
 
 Ah ! who could think that all so fair 
 Was semblance, and but misery there ?. . . . same. 
 
 *4 
 
 This perturbation smooth'd with outward calm. Milton. 
 
 SYRINGA, Carolina. 
 Philadelphus inodorus. 
 
 Disappointment. \ Bright blown hopes dispersed in air ! . . . M. /. /. 
 
 That keep the word of promise to our ear, 
 
 And break it in our hope Shaks. 
 
 Thus ever fade my fairy dreams of bliss ! 
 
 Byron. 
 
 Oh ! ever thus, from childhood's hour, 
 
 I 've seen my fondest hopes decay Moore. 
 
 'Tis ever thus, 'tis ever thus, when hope has built a 
 
 bower, 
 Like that of Eden, wreath'd about with ev'ry thornless 
 
 flower, 
 
 To dwell therein securely, the self-deceiver's trust, 
 A whirlwind from the desert comes and all is in the 
 
 dust Anon. 
 
 I clasp'd the phantoms, and I found them air. 
 
 Oh ! had I weigh'd it ere my fond embrace, 
 
 What darts of agony had miss'd my heart. . Young. 
 
THISTLE. 
 
 Carduus. 
 
 Misanthropy. 
 
 He ponders on the world abhors the whole ! Rogers. 
 
 Oh ! that the desert were my dwelling place, 
 
 * * * 
 
 That I might forget all the human race ! . . Byron. 
 
 He sought in solitude to lose his cares ; 
 
 Relief in solitude he sought in vain, 
 
 It serv'd, like music, but to feed his pain. . . . Gay. 
 
 THORN APPLE. 
 Datura stramonium. 
 
 Deceitful charms. An j t h at deceit should steal such gentle shapes. 
 
 Shake. 
 
 Are words, then, only false ? are there no looks 
 
 Mute, but most eloquent ? . . . . L. E. L. 
 
 That mute eloquence which passes speech. . Rogers. 
 
 Mine eyes 
 
 Were not in fault, for she was beautiful ; 
 Mine ears, that heard her flattery ; nor mine heart, 
 That thought her like her seeming ; it had been vicious 
 To have mistrusted her Shake. 
 
 Ah, how have I deserv'd, inhuman maid ! 
 
 To have my faithful service thus repaid ? 
 
 Were all the marks of kindness I receiv'd 
 
 But dreams of joy, that charm'd me and deceiv'd ? 
 
 Or, did you only nurse my growing love, 
 
 That with more pain I might your hatred prove ? 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 THYME. 
 Thymus. 
 
 Activity. 
 
 h 
 
 I would chide hasty-footed time for parting us. Shaks. 
 
 But now the moments bring 
 The time of parting, with redoubled wing. . Byron. 
 
 Ah ! never does time travel faster, 
 
 Than when, his way lies among flowers, v. . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 For things so heavenly have such fleetness. . same. 
 
 As I listened to thee, 
 
 The happy hours pass'd by us unperceived, 
 So was my soul fix'd to the soft enchantment. 
 
 Rowe's Tamerlane. 
 
 TUBEROSE. 
 
 Polianthes tuberosa. 
 
 Le plus loin, le plus How love can trifle with itself! 
 
 cher. Fi e ' fi e how wayward is this foolish love ! . 
 
 It so falls out, 
 
 That what we have, we prize not to the worth 
 Whiles we enjoy it ; but, being lack'd and lost, 
 
 Shaks. 
 
TUBEROSE. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Why, then, we rack the value : then, we find 
 The virtue that possession would not show us 
 
 Whiles it was ours Shaks. 
 
 What our contempts do often hurl from us, 
 
 We wish it ours again same. 
 
 Mysterious love, uncertain treasure, 
 Hast thou more of pain or pleasure ? 
 Endless torments dwell about thee, 
 Yet who would live, and live without thee ? 
 
 Addison'g Rosamond. 
 
 By all the token flowers that tell 
 What words can never tell so well. 
 
 ^ Every thing seems drear without thee !, . . 
 
 Byron. 
 . Moore. 
 
 TULIP, Red. 
 Tulipa. 
 
 A declaration of love. 
 
 Who could refrain, that had a heart to love, 
 And courage to make his love known ? . . 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 No wonder that my heart was moved, 
 'Twere marvel, if I had not loved. 
 
 . L. E. L. 
 
 What should I say, 
 
 Or how begin the strain ? 
 
 These passions how contain, 
 
 That in my throbbing breast tumultuous spring ? 
 
 JEschylus. The Choephoree. 
 
 Thou thou hast metamorphos'd me ; 
 Made me neglect my studies, lose my time, 
 War with good counsel, set the world at nought, 
 Made wit with musing, weak, heart-sick with thought. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 In mine, survey 
 A heart that 's yours alone ; 
 Long has it own'd Elvira's sway, 
 Though long unnotic'd and unknown. . Carlwright. 
 
 TULIP, Yellow. Hopeless love. What youth so cold could view unmov'd 
 
 The maid that ev'ry beauty shar'd ? 
 Her Armine saw ; he saw ; he lov'd ; 
 He lov'd alas ! and he despaired. . . . Cartwright. 
 
 I know thou doom'st me to despair, 
 
 Nor wilt, nor canst relieve me ; 
 
 But, ah, Eliza, hear my prayer, 
 
 For pity's sake forgive me ! Burns. 
 
TULIP, Yellow. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 \ The music of thy voice I heard, 
 Nor wist while it enslav'd me; 
 I saw thine eyes, yet nothing fear'd, 
 Till fears no more had saved me. . 
 
 Burns. 
 
 By day or night, in weal or wo, 
 
 This heart no longer free, 
 Must bear the love it cannot show, 
 
 And silent ache for thee Byron. 
 
 t- 
 Successful love may sate itself away, 
 
 The wretched are the faithful; 'tis their fate 
 
 To have all feeling, save the one, decay, 
 
 And every passion into one dilate, 
 
 As rapid rivers into ocean pour. \ same. 
 
 The pain I bear, 
 No thought can figure, and no tongue declare. Prior. 
 
 I cannot, nay, I wish not to be cured. . . . Dryden. 
 
 Answer. 
 
 This love that thou hast shown, 
 
 Doth add more grief, to too much of mine own. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 Thy piercing griefs, 
 Bewailing thus the miseries of thy fate, 
 Strike deep ; they wound me to the very soul. 
 
 JEachylus" 1 Agamemnon. 
 
 Those tears may tell thee while they start, 
 
 How all thy griefs endear thee. Song by W. Smyth. 
 
 TULIP TREE, Blossom. Rural happiness. 
 Liriodendron tulipifera. 
 
 What happiness the rural maid attends, 
 In cheerful labour while each day she spends ! 
 She gratefully receives what Heaven has sent, 
 And, rich in poverty, enjoys content. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 She never feels the spleen's imagin'd pains, 
 Nor melancholy stagnates in her veins ; 
 She never loses life in thoughtless ease, 
 Nor on the velvet couch invites disease; 
 Her home-spun dress in simple neatness lies, 
 And for no glaring equipage she sighs : 
 * * * * 
 
 No midnight masquerade her beauty wears, 
 And health, not paint, the fading bloom repairs. 
 
 The spleen is seldom felt where Flora reigns ; 
 The low'ring eye, the petulance, the frown, 
 And sullen sadness, that o'ershade, distort, 
 And mar the face of beauty, when no cause 
 
 Gay. 
 
TULIP TREE, Blossom. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 
 For such immeasurable wo appears, 
 
 These Flora banishes, and gives the fair 
 
 Sweet smiles, and bloom less transient than her own. 
 
 Cowper. 
 
 O, friendly to the best pursuits of man, 
 
 Friendly to thought, to virtue, and to peace, 
 
 Domestic life in rural pleasures past same. 
 
 You who the sweets of rural life have known, 
 
 Despise the ungrateful hurry of the town. . . Gay. 
 
 VENUS' LOOKING-GLASS. 
 Campanula speculum. 
 
 Flattery. Thy words were courtly flattery, such sink like morn- 
 
 ing dew, 
 
 But, oh ! love takes another tone, the tender and the 
 true, L.E.L. 
 
 I '11 mark no words that smooth-faced wooers say. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 / 
 
 Think'st thou I am so shallow, so conceitless, 
 
 To be seduced by thy flattery, 
 
 That hast deceived so many with thy vows ? , Shake. 
 
 Answer. 
 Think not I flatter, for I swear I do not. . . same. 
 
 Yet sure whene'er the praise is just, 
 
 One may commend, without disgust. 
 
 If 'tis offence, such truths to tell, 
 
 Why do your merits thus excel ? Gay. 
 
 VERBENA ; 
 or, Vervain. 
 
 Sensibility. 
 
 Sensibility, how charming, 
 Thou, my friend, canst truly tell ; 
 But distress, with horrors arming, 
 Thou hast also known too well ! 
 
 
 Dearly bought, the hidden treasure, 
 Finer feelings can bestow ! 
 Chords that vibrate sweetest pleasure, 
 Thrill the deepest notes of wo. . . 
 
 Burns. 
 
 Where glow exalted sense, and taste refin'd, 
 There keener anguish rankles in the mind ; 
 There feeling is diffus'd through every part ; 
 Thrills in each nerve, and lives in all the heart. 
 
 Hannah More. 
 
 The heart that is soonest awake to the flowers, 
 Is always the first to be touch'd by the thorns. Moore. 
 
VIOLET, Blue. 
 Viola odorata. 
 
 Love. 
 
 For thee I '11 lock up all the gates of love. . . Shake. 
 
 Love, then, hath every bliss in store : 
 
 'Tis friendship, and 'tis something more. 
 
 Not to know love, is not to live Gay. 
 
 Love is a celestial harmony 
 
 Of likely hearts, composed of stars' consent, 
 
 Which join together, in sweet sympathy, 
 
 To work each other's joy and sweet content. Spencer. 
 
 Endearing strife, 
 
 That carries friendship to her noon-tide point, 
 And gives the rivet to eternity Young. 
 
 What can earth produce but love 
 
 To represent the joys above Anon. 
 
 A woman's love, deep in the heart, 
 Is like the violet flower, 
 
 That lifts its modest head apart 
 In some sequester'd bower. 
 
 Anon. 
 
 Unhappy fate of doubtful maid ! 
 Her tears may fall, her bosom swell, 
 But even to the desert ^hade 
 She never must her secret tell. 
 
 W. Smyth. 
 
 The love-sick violet, and primrose pale, 
 
 Bow their sweet heads, and whisper to the gale. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 VIOLET, White. 
 V. O. 
 
 Modesty. 
 
 Sweet as spring-time flowers ! Shaks. 
 
 The blushing beauties of a modest maid. 
 
 Dryden's Ovid. 
 
 Her looks do argue her replete with modesty. Shaks 
 
 The violet 's for modesty, which weel she sets to wear. 
 
 Burns. 
 
 The meek mountain daisy, with delicate crest, 
 And the violet whose eye told the heaven of her breast. 
 
 Mrs. Sigourney. 
 
 The modest virtues mingled in her eyes 
 Still on the ground dejected, darting all 
 Their humid beams into the blooming flowers. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 And such, methought, whilst bending to the stem, 
 Is modest virtue's pure and simple gem ; 
 
VIOLET, White. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 No ostentatious wish to seek for praise, 
 But still retiring from the public gaze, 
 It spreads its sweet beneficence around, 
 And, by the fame it shuns, can but be found. 
 
 H. K. White. 
 
 VIRGIN'S BOWER. Filial lone. 
 
 Clematis. 
 
 My mother ! at that holy name, 
 
 Within my bosom there 's a gush 
 Of feeling, which no time can tame, 
 A feeling, which, for years of fame, 
 I would not, could not crush. 
 
 . G. P. Morris. 
 
 Can I forget thy cares, from helpless years 
 
 Thy tenderness for me ? An eye still beam'd 
 
 With love ? A brow that never knew a frown ? 
 
 Nor a harsh word thy tongue ? .... Thomson. 
 
 Can I ever cease to be 
 Affectionate arid kind to thee, 
 Who wast so very kind to me ? 
 
 My Mother ! 
 
 Oh, no ! the thought I cannot bear, 
 And if God please my life to spare, 
 I hope I shall reward thy care, 
 
 My Mother ! . . . Anon. 
 
 And may reproach transmit my name abhorr'd 
 To latest time if ever thought was mine 
 Unjust to filial reverence filial love. 
 
 "My Father!" . Mallet. 
 
 WALL FLOWER. Fidelity in misfortune. 
 
 Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 
 Ne'er in his woes 
 Will I forsake whom my soul holds most dear. 
 
 AZschylus. The Persians. 
 
 Thy rise of fortune did I only wed, 
 From its decline determin'd to recede ? 
 Did I but purpose to embark with thee 
 On the smooth surface of a summer's sea, 
 While gentle zephyrs play in prosp'rous gales, 
 And fortune's favour fills the swelling sails ; 
 But would forsake the ship, and make the shore, 
 When the winds whistle, and the tempests roar ? 
 No, Henry, no : one sacred oath has tied 
 Our loves ; one destiny our life shall guide, 
 Nor wild, nor deep, our common way divide ! . Prior. 
 
 Friendship has a power 
 To soothe affliction in her darkest hour. 
 
 H. K. White. 
 
WALL FLOWER. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Adhering in the adverse hour, 
 
 Like fidelity's own flower, 
 
 That over ruins long grown grey, 
 
 Throws its colours bright and gay. . . . Mrs. H. S. 
 
 In adverse hours the friendship of the good 
 Shines most ; each prosperous day commands its friends. 
 
 Euripides' 1 Hecuba. 
 
 WEEPING WILLOW. 
 
 Salix babylonica. 
 
 Forsaken. Prevent his falsehood, and forsake him first. . Philips. 
 
 Change thou the first, nor wait thy lover's flight. Prior. 
 
 Ah ! little marvel in such clime and age, 
 That we should daily hear that love is fled, 
 And hope grown pale, and lighted feelings dead. 
 
 Pickersgill. 
 
 For love is oft a fatal spell, 
 That sweetly soothes but to betray 
 Let not the soft enchantment wile 
 
 Your heart away. 
 A garland of the cypress tree, 
 Or weeping willow- wreath, may well 
 
 Its emblem be. . . , . . . J. Malcolm. 
 
 Some day, perhaps, thou 'It waken 
 From pleasure's dream to know 
 The grief of hearts forsaken ! . . 
 
 Moore. 
 
 WHEAT. 
 Triticum. 
 
 Prosperity. 
 
 Prosperity puts out unnumber'd thoughts 
 
 Of import high, and light divine, to man. . . Young. 
 
 * * * * Who feels no ills, 
 Should, therefore, fear them ; and, when fortune smiles, 
 Be doubly cautious, lest destruction come 
 Remorseless on him, and he fall unpitied. 
 
 Sophocles' 1 Philoctetes. 
 
 When most the world applauds you, most beware ; 
 
 'Tis often less a blessing than a snare. 
 
 Distrust mankind with your own heart confer ; 
 
 And dread even there to find a flatterer. . , 
 
 Beware what earth calls happiness ; beware 
 All joys, but joys that never can expire ; 
 Who builds on less than an immortal base, 
 Fond as he seems, condemns his joy to death. 
 
 Young. 
 
 WOODBINE, 
 
 The variegated leaf. 
 
 Lonicera. 
 
 Fraternal hve. Tneir Iove in earl y infanc y began, 
 
 And rose as childhood ripen'd into man. . . 
 
 Thanks to my stars, I have not rang'd about 
 The wilds of life, ere I could find a friend : 
 
 Dryden. 
 
WOODBINE. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 Nature first pointed out my brother to me, 
 And early taught me, by her sacred force, 
 To love thy person, ere I knew thy merit, 
 Till what was instinct grew up into friendship. 
 
 Ours has severest virtue for its basis, 
 And such a friendship ends not but with life. Addison. 
 
 YARROW. 
 
 Achillca millcfolium. 
 
 1 cure. Hear, what from love unpractis'd hearts endure, 
 
 From love, the sole disease thou canst not cure. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Ah, luckless day ! when first with fond surprise 
 On Delia's face I fix'd my eager eyes ! 
 Then in wild tumults all my soul was tost : 
 Then reason, liberty, at once were lost : 
 And every wish, and thought, and care, was gone, 
 But what my heart employ'd on her alone. Lyttelton. 
 
 Ye, that witness the woes I endure, 
 Let reason instruct you to shun 
 What it cannot instruct you to cure. 
 
 . Shenstone. 
 
 And soothe the pains thou know'st not how to cure. 
 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 If there is on earth a cure 
 For the sunk heart 'tis this day after day 
 To be the blest companion of thy way ; 
 To hear thy angel eloquence to see 
 Those virtuous eyes for ever turn'd on me ; 
 And in their light, rechasteri'd silently, 
 Like the stain'd web that whitens in the sun, 
 Grow pure by being purely shone upon. . . . Moore. 
 
 ZINNIA. 
 
 Zinnia rnultiflora. 
 
 Absence. How blessings brighten as they take their flight ! , 
 
 Young. 
 Now I know 
 
 ****** 
 
 What it is to admire and to love, 
 
 And to leave her we love and admire. . . Shenstone, 
 
 < I priz'd ev'ry hour that went by, 
 
 Beyond all that had pleas'd me before ; 
 But now they are past, and I sigh ; 
 And I grieve that I priz'd them no more. . . same. 
 
 All flowers will droop in absence of the sun 
 
 That wak'd their sweets Dryden. 
 
 Love reckons hours for months, and days for years, 
 And every little absence is an age same. 
 
 L'absence est a 1'amour ce qui est au feu le vent, 
 
 II e"teint le petit, il allume le grand. . . Rousseau. 
 
& 
 
 WITNESS THE SPRIGHTLY JOT, WHEN AUGHT UNKNOWN 
 STRIKES THE QUICK SENSE, AND WAKES EACH ACTIVE POWER 
 TO BRISKER MEASURES. 
 
 Jlkenside. 
 
 AND ALL ABOUT GREW EVERT SORT OP FLOWER 
 
 TO WHICH SAD LOVERS WERE TRANSFORMED OF YORE. 
 
 Spencer, 
 
 ACACIA. 
 Robinia. 
 
 Robinia, commemorates John Robin, botanist to Henry 
 the Fourth, and Louis the Thirteenth, of France. He was 
 found fault with for his selfish love of flowers; the more 
 curious kinds of which, he would rather destroy, than share 
 with his friends. 
 
 His son, Vespasian Robin, and De Theis, introduced 
 into the French gardens, from American seeds, that species 
 of Robinia, called Pseudo Jlcacia, by Tournefort; who, under 
 that name, founds the present genus. 
 
 Jlcacia, is an ancient name, (Gr. /.*/.ix) derived from 
 the Greek XX i, a point, or x*s, to point or sharpen, in re- 
 ference to its thorny habit. 
 
 The Rose Acacia, R. Hispida, or Hairy Robinia, is a 
 native of America, particularly of the mountains of Virginia 
 and Carolina. It is a very ornamental shrub, with copious, 
 large, pink-coloured papilionaceous blossoms, enhanced, like 
 the Moss Rose, by the bristly covering of the stalks and 
 calyx. The leaves pinnate, with an odd leaflet, like the 
 common locust. It has no thorns. There is a taller, and 
 less hisped variety. 
 
 The Pseudo Jlcacia, or common locust, is also a na- 
 tive of North America, from Canada to Carolina: and, in 
 the months of May and June, it is laden with bunches of 
 white sweet-scented flowers, resembling those of the labur- 
 num in size and position. The foliage is of a beautiful light 
 green, consisting of many elliptical, opposite or alternate, 
 stalked leaflets. It is a large and handsome tree, of quick 
 growth; beginning, from the third year, to convert its sap 
 into perfect wood, which is of so fine a grain, and so hard, 
 as to be substituted by turners for the box, in many sorts of 
 light work. The branches are liable to be shivered off by 
 autumnal storms. 
 
 There is a very thorny species of Robinia, with yellow 
 flowers, a native of Siberia, as also of Pekin, in China: in 
 the latter place, it is frequently fixed with clay on the tops 
 of walls, to keep off intruders. This R. Spinosa, or Thorny 
 Robinia, is a shrub, much branched, and with long thorns, 
 formed by the hardened foot-stalks. It is quite hardy in our 
 
 gardens, and would be excellent for hedges. The leaflets 
 are oblong, wedge-shaped, hardly an inch in length. 
 
 The Oriental Jlcacia, from which our green-houses are 
 furnished, is of a different class and order from the Robinia, 
 being Polygamia Monozcia; or, perhaps, Polyandria Mo- 
 nogynia. Natural order, Lomentacx, Linn. Leguminosx, 
 Juss. The flowers have the appearance of small tufls; 
 some of the species very fragrant. The foliage presents 
 great variety in the form of the leaf, and manner of its 
 growth. And some of them have the sensitive properties of 
 the Mimosa. 
 
 The Jlcacia Vera, or JVRmosa Wilotica, a tree that 
 grows abundantly on the sandy soil of Egypt and Arabia, 
 furnishes the Gum-arabic, a pure concrete mucilage, which 
 exudes, spontaneously, in a liquid state, from the trunk and 
 boughs, and hardens by contact with the air, and heat of the 
 sun : incisions are sometimes made through the bark, to assist 
 the transudation of the juice. 
 
 The Jlcacia Jlrabica, or East-Indian Gum-Arabic tree, 
 besides yielding this wholesome mucilage, is one of the most 
 useful trees in India, for its tough and hard wood, serving 
 many valuable purposes in ship building, 8cc.: the bark is 
 used for dying, and making ink. 
 
 Moore, in his " Light of the Harem," has noticed the 
 Oriental Acacia, in these beautiful lines: 
 
 " Our sands are bare, but smiling there 
 
 Th' Jlcacia waves her yellow hair. 
 
 Lonely and sweet, nor lov'd the less 
 
 For flowering in a wilderness. 
 # * * * # 
 
 Then come, thy Arab maid shall be 
 The lov'd and lone Jlcacia tree." 
 
 I have not designated any particular species of Yellow 
 Jlcacia, in the Dictionary, from my wish to leave the selec- 
 tion to such as might chance to be most cultivated, or most 
 easily commanded. 
 
 FLOS ADONIS. 
 
 Jldonis. 
 
 That this flower owes its name to the favourite of Venus, 
 is not to be disputed; but whether the Goddess of Beauty 
 
 *" 
 
changed her lover into this plant, or the Anemone, would 
 be difficult to decide, since the Linnsean system of dividing 
 plants into families, did not exist when the Gods and God- 
 desses made love upon earth: and previous to the time of the 
 Swedish botanist, the Jldonis was considered to be one of the 
 Mnemonics, which it greatly resembles, and is of the same 
 class and order. 
 
 Flos (L) a flower, a bloom, a blossom. 
 
 Look, in the garden, blooms the Flos Jldonis, 
 And memory keeps of him who rashly died, 
 Thereafter changed by Venus, weeping, to this flower. 
 Anonymous. Garland of Flora. 
 
 Ovid certainly designates the Jlnemone, as being the 
 subject of this metamorphosis: 
 
 " Then on the blood, sweet nectar she bestows, 
 The scented blood in little bubbles rose: 
 Little as rainy drops, which fluttering fly, 
 Borne by the winds along a low'ring sky. 
 Short time ensu'd, till where the blood was shed, 
 A flower began to rear its purple head: 
 Such as on punic apples is reveal'd, 
 Or in the filmy rind but half conceal'd. 
 
 Still here the fate of lovely forms we see, 
 So sudden fades the sweet Jlnemone. 
 The feeble stems, to stormy blasts a prey, 
 Their sickly beauties droop and pine away. 
 The winds forbid the flow'rs to flourish long, 
 Which owe to winds their names in Grecian song." 
 
 Eusden's Ovid. 
 
 Great quantities of the Jldonis Jlutumnalis are annu- 
 ally carried to the London market, and sold by the name 
 of Red .Morocco and Pheasant's Eye. And, in the time of 
 Gerard, (a surgeon, and famous herbalist in the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth, chief gardener to William Cecil, Lord 
 Burleigh, who was himself a great lover of plants, and had 
 the best collection of any nobleman in the kingdom,) the 
 country people called it "Red Camomile" the London 
 women, " Rosearubie. n It is an annual, flowering from May 
 to October. Its characters are, that the calyx is a five- 
 leaved peria.nt.hium, and the leaflets are obtuse, concave, a 
 little coloured and deciduous; the corolla has from five to 
 fifteen, but most commonly eight, oblong, obtuse, shining, 
 petals. The stamina consist of very short filaments, and the 
 anthersc are oblong and inflex: the pistulum has numerous 
 germs collected in a head, no styles, and acute reflex stigmas: 
 no pericarpium; an oblong, spiked receptacle: seeds nume- 
 rous, irregular, angular. 
 
 ALMOND. 
 
 Jlmygdalus. 
 
 Jlmygdalus, in gardening, applies to the Almond, Peach, 
 and Nectarine trees. 
 
 Jlmygdala, Latin for an Almond tree. 
 
 Amygdaline, English, resembling almonds. 
 
 Almond, (English) JUmendra, (Spanish) Jlmande, 
 
 (French) derived by Menage from amandala, a word in low 
 Latin see Johnson. 
 
 The Almond is the earliest tree that puts forth its blos- 
 soms in Syria, and is hence regarded as the emblem and pro- 
 mise of a fruitful season : its snow-white blossoms appear on 
 the bare branches, unaccompanied by leaves. 
 
 " Mark well the flowering almond in the wood ; 
 If odorous blooms the bearing branches load, 
 The glebe will answer to the sylvan reign, 
 Great heats will follow, and large crops of grain. 
 But, if a wood of leaves o'ershade the tree, 
 Such, and so barren will the harvest be; 
 In vain the hind shall vex the threshing floor, 
 For empty straw and chaff will be thy store." 
 
 Dryden's Virgil. 
 
 It is the emblem of Hope : 
 
 "The Hope, in dreams of a happier hour 
 
 That alights on misery's brow, 
 Springs out of the silvery almond Jlower, 
 
 That blooms on a leafless bough." 
 
 Moore. 
 
 We presume that Aaron's rod was taken from the Al- 
 mond tree: 
 
 " And behold, the rod of Aaron, for the house of Levi, 
 was budded, and brought forth buds, and bloomed blossoms, 
 and yielded almonds." (Numbers xvii. 8.) 
 
 The common almond, Jl. Communis, has leaves re- 
 sembling those of the peach, but the lower serratures are 
 glandular; they proceed from buds both above and below 
 the flowers, and not, as in the peach, from the ends of the 
 shoots above, and not below the flowers. The form of the 
 flowers is not very different, but they usually come out in 
 pairs, and vary more in their colour, from the fine blush of 
 the apple -blossom, to a snowy whiteness. The chief obvious 
 distinction is in the fruit, which is flatter, with a coriaceous, 
 or leather-like covering, instead of the rich pulp of the 
 peach and nectarine, opening spontaneously when the kernel 
 is ripe. 
 
 It is a native of Barbary much cultivated in Italy and 
 the south of France. It is common in China, and most of the 
 eastern countries. According to Miller, the Jl. Communis 
 is cultivated more for the beauty of its flowers than for its 
 fruit; of which there are two varieties, the sweet and the bit- 
 ter; which often arise from the fruit of the same tree: the 
 fruit is good while fresh, but will not keep long. 
 
 It is the fruit of the A. Dulcis, or Jordan A., which is 
 preferred in commerce. This has a tender shell, and a large 
 sweet kernel. The leaves are broader, shorter, and grow 
 much closer than those of the common sort, and their edges 
 are crenate. The Jlowers are very small, and of a pale co- 
 lour, inclining to white. The trees have been often raised 
 from the nut, which is imported. 
 
 The Jl. Pumila, double-flowering dwarf-almond, is a 
 shrub of two or three feet high, smooth branches, and dark 
 purple. Leaves veined-wrinkled, or lanceolated, and dou- 
 ble serrated. Flowers, generally two in a bud and sessile. 
 Calyx reddish; petals emarginate, red, longer than the 
 
tube of the calyx: filaments paler; germ and style pubes- 
 cent at bottom; stipules linear and very deeply serrate. 
 Its native country Africa. 
 
 ALTHJEA. 
 
 Hibiscus Syriacus. 
 
 Hibiscus, a name given by Linnaeus to designate a 
 genus of the Mallow tribe, which had hitherto received 
 only barbarous, or ill-constructed appellations. 
 
 The Greek word iSio-xo?, from which it is derived, is 
 translated " a species of wild or woodland Mallow Al- 
 thaea." 
 
 Althsea Greek x*<, from the Gr. x%,, or axd*., 
 to heal, a remedy, from its many excellent qualities. The 
 A. Officinalis, common Marsh Mallow, a perennial plant of 
 about three feet high; the whole herb clothed with a very 
 soft wool or velvet; purple Jlowers; leaves simple, undivi- 
 ded, angular, and cottony, alternate, serrated: is a native of 
 temperate climes, and has been used medicinally in all coun- 
 tries. 
 
 The Hibiscus Syriacus, popularly called Althsea fru- 
 tex, is a native of Syria and Carniola; a hardy shrub in 
 our gardens, growing to the height of a small tree; leaves 
 ovate, somewhat wedge-shaped, three-lobbed, cut, smooth; 
 calyx double, the outer permanent, consisting of about 
 eight leaves, as long as the inner; the blossoms are hand- 
 some, rose coloured, with a crimson eye: liable to variations 
 in colour, and sometimes double; scentless. It is, perhaps, 
 the last shrub that comes into leaf with us, and one of the 
 latest flowering. 
 
 The fable of Althxa and her unfortunate son, being 
 read in my hearing, at the time that the shrub Althaea was 
 in bloom, and finding that it had been overlooked in the as- 
 semblage of speaking flowers, I determined to introduce it, 
 if possible, and the fate of the poor youth who had lost his 
 life, in consequence of his love for the beautiful nymph 
 Atalanta his consuming 1 away, as the fatal brand was 
 burned by the power of association, suggested the em- 
 blem of " Consumed by Love." 
 
 ALOE. 
 
 Jlloe L,, Greek axo*. 
 
 All Aloes are natives of hot climates; the Cape of 
 Good Hope, 8>tc. Some of the species furnish the stimulat- 
 ing bitter medicine of our shops, which is made by boiling 
 the leaves to a suitable consistency, and exposing the de- 
 coction to such heat as will evaporate its fluid parts. The 
 Africans make ropes of the leaves, which are not apt to rot 
 in the water; fishing lines, bow strings, &tc., and manufac- 
 ture it into stockings, hammocks, &.C. 
 
 The tree Aloe, Jlloe Dichotoma, growing on the moun- 
 tains of the Cape of Good Hope, with an erect stem, two 
 fathoms high, and as thick as a man's leg, is hollowed out 
 by the natives to make quivers for their bows. Several of 
 the species are used for hedges. The A. D. has leaves 
 sword-shaped, and serrate; flowers paniculate; corolla mo- 
 nopetalous. 
 
 Our green-houses abound with the Aloes of diminutive 
 growth. The flower of the Aloe has no calyx: corolla one- 
 
 pe tailed, erect; border spreading and small; nectarious at 
 the bottom; seeds angular; leaves fleshy. 
 
 Among the Mahometans, and particularly in Egypt, 
 the Aloe is a kind of symbolic plant, and dedicated to the 
 offices of religion. Pilgrims, on their return from Mecca, 
 suspend it over their doors, as an evidence of their having 
 performed that holy journey. The superstitious imagine 
 that it has the virtue of keeping off evil spirits from theit 
 houses. Even the Christians and Jews of Cairo, hang it 
 over their doors for this purpose. 
 
 The Aloe was used by the ancients in embalming bo- 
 dies. Of this Aloes, interpreters understand that to have 
 been which Nicodemus brought to embalm the body of our 
 Saviour . John six. 39. 
 
 AMARANTH. 
 
 Amaranthus. 
 
 Amaranthus, L. Greek /.* f *i-To;, formed from , 
 (not,) .uxfxna,, (to fade,) and avd-o;, (a flower,) or from *, 
 not, and ft X f*iv<a, to fade unfading, ever fair, ever young. 
 
 Milton mentions this flower as forming the diadem of 
 the angels: 
 
 " With solemn adoration down they cast 
 
 Their crowns inwove with Amaranth and gold; 
 
 Immortal Amaranth, a flower which once 
 
 In Paradise, fast by the tree of life, 
 
 Began to bloom; but soon, for man's offence, 
 
 To Heaven remov'd, where first it grew, there grows 
 
 And flowers aloft, shading the fount of life; 
 
 And where the river of bliss, through midst Heaven 
 
 Rolls o'er Elysian flowers her amber stream; 
 
 With these, that never fade, the spirits elect 
 
 Bind their resplendent locks, inwreath'd with beams." 
 
 The Amaranth has been placed among the funereal 
 flowers. Homer has described the Thessalians as wearing 
 crowns of Amaranth at the funeral of Achilles. Milton, 
 also, in his Lycidas, classes it among the flowers " that sad 
 embroidery wear:" 
 
 " Bid Amaranthus all his beauty shed, 
 
 And daffodillies fill their cups with tears, 
 
 To strew the laureate hearse where Lycid lies." 
 
 The unfading nature of the flower, we may suppose, 
 the emblem of lasting grief, the immortality of the soul, &c. 
 
 The Amaranth has no corolla: the calyx is coloured, 
 five or three-leaved, permanent; the leaflets lanceolate and 
 acute: native of Asia, Africa, and America. 
 
 The A. Tricolor, native of the East Indies, is admir- 
 ed on account of the variegated colours of its leaves, re- 
 sembling, as Gerard tells us, the splendid and beautiful 
 feathers of a parrot, with its stripes of red, yellow, white, 
 green, &c. 
 
 There are several American species. The Prince's 
 Feather, A. Hypochondriacus, is a native of Virginia, as 
 are several others. The leaves of most of the species of 
 
Amaranth are used in hot countries as culinary plants, but 
 are not equal to the spinach, which they somewhat resemble. 
 The greater number of species are annuals. 
 
 GLOBE AMARANTH. 
 Gomphrena. 
 
 Gomphrena, a name adopted by Linnaeus, from Dale- 
 champ, and which is perverted from the Gomphrena of 
 Pliny. Linnaeus made it classical, by an allusion to Gom- 
 phos, a nail, wedge, or club applied to the round head of 
 flowers. 
 
 The Gomphrena of the ancients, is supposed to be the 
 Amaranthus tricolor, from the description given of it by 
 Pliny. By the transposition of a letter, this name became 
 Gomphrena, in some old writers, in which form it was 
 adopted by Linnaeus. 
 
 Gomphrena comes under the denomination of Ever- 
 lasting, or Amaranthus, on account of the permanent na- 
 ture of their calyx when dried, which retains its original 
 colour and splendour. 
 
 The G. Globosa is a native of India an annual. Ca- 
 lyx coloured; the outer, of three unequal leaves; inner, in 
 five deep segments. Corolla cylindrical, of one petal, the 
 length of the inner calyx; its margin equally five-cleft, 
 spreading, bearing the stamens at its orifice. Filaments 
 five, short, inserted into the orifice of the corolla, betwixt 
 its segments; anthers erect, roundish, closing the mouth of 
 the corolla. Pist. German ovate, pointed, superior; styles 
 short, cohering at their base; stigmas simple, obtuse, scarce- 
 ly reaching to the stamens. Seed large, roundish, with an 
 oblique point. 
 
 The Globe Amaranth offers several varieties white, 
 purple, speckled with gold, and variegated. They resemble 
 heads of clover, in the form of their flowers. 
 
 The late flowering variegated G. /2. are called Bache- 
 lors' Buttons, in America, according to the Encyclopedia. 
 
 AMARYLLIS. 
 
 Amaryllis, derived either from the name of a shepherd- 
 ess, mentioned by Theocritus and Virgil, or from the Greek 
 xnxfvy ,ux, or *,uxfuyn, splendour from xftx(\i<r<ru>, to shine, 
 glitter, sparkle, flash the Lilio-Narcissus of Tourne- 
 fort. 
 
 "Amaryllis Formosissima, most beautiful Amaryllis, 
 hangs its nodding bell obliquely towards the horizon, and 
 as its stem is slender, turns, like a weathercock, from the 
 wind; and thus, very effectually, preserves its inclosed sta- 
 mens and anthers from the rain and cold affording an 
 agreeable example of art in the vegetable economy." 
 
 See Darwin. 
 
 " When Heaven's high vault condensing clouds deform, 
 Fair Amaryllis flies the incumbent storm; 
 Seeks, with unsteady step, the shelter'd vale, 
 And turns her blushing beauties from the gale." 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 It received the name of Jacobea Lily, because some 
 imagined that they discovered in it, a likeness to the badge 
 
 of the order of the knights of the order of St. James, in 
 Spain. R. Encyclopedia. 
 
 It is a native of South America. The flowers are pro- 
 duced from the sides of the bulbs, are large, and of a deep 
 red. 
 
 The calyx is a spathe, undivided ; corolla two lipped, 
 nodding, deeply six-parted, stamens and pistils bent down. 
 
 There are many species of the Amaryllis, with various 
 coloured flowers, purple, yellow, &tc. The yellow, Ji. Lu- 
 tea, a smaller variety, seldom rising more than three or four 
 inches high, is a native of France, kc., very hardy, flowering 
 late, generally in September. 
 
 Ji. Sarniensis, Guernsey Lily, is a splendid species. 
 The number of flowers is commonly from eight to twelve, 
 and the circumference of each about seven inches; the co- 
 rolla, in its prime, has the colour of a fine gold tissue, 
 wrought on a rose-coloured ground, and when it begins to 
 fade, it is pink: in full sunshine, it seems to be studded 
 with diamonds; but by candle-light, the specks or spangles 
 appear more like fine gold-dust: when the petals are some- 
 what withered, they assume a deep crimson colour. This 
 beautiful plant is a native of Japan, and has long been na- 
 turalized in Guernsey, whence the roots are sent to most 
 parts of Europe. 
 
 AMBROSIA. 
 
 Ambrosia, formed of the two Greek words, (not) and 
 /Sfsrs,- (human) signifying divine, immortal; because it ren- 
 dered those who fed on it, immortal; or, because it was the 
 food of the immortals. 
 
 " The imaginary food of the gods, from which every 
 thing eminently pleasing to the smell and taste, is called 
 Ambrosia." Johnson. 
 
 Thus, while God spake, ambrosial fragrance fill'd 
 
 All Heaven, and the blessed spirits elect 
 
 Sense of new joy ineffable diffused. Milton. 
 
 To farthest shores th' ambrosial spirit flies, 
 
 Sweet to the world, and grateful to the skies. Pope. 
 
 Ambrosia for to feast the appetite, 
 
 Or flowery odour mix'd with spicery. G. Fletcher. 
 
 Here is beauty for the eye; 
 For the ear sweet melody; 
 Ambrosiack odours for the smell. 
 
 B. Johnson. 
 
 The general character of Ambrosia, is a common one- 
 leafed calyx, corolla of the male compound, uniform, and 
 hemispherical; (no corolla to the female) the proper, one- 
 petalled, funnel-shaped; the stamina have very small fila- 
 ments, anthers erect, parallel, and acuminate; pistillum of 
 the length of the stamens, stigma membranous; a common 
 receptacle, scarcely any, naked. Female flowers, below the 
 males, doubled; one-leafed calyx; the pistillum a germ 
 ovate, in the bottom of the calyx; style filiform, of the same 
 length with the calyx, two stigmas; seed single and roundish. 
 
 -4- 
 
* 
 
 There are five species enumerated: one, a common an- 
 nual weed of North America, A. Gigantea inodora, grow- 
 ing often eight or ten feet high, spreading out into many 
 branches; the flowers are not more conspicuous than those 
 of hemp. The sort common in gardens has three lobed 
 leaves. 
 
 The JL. Maratima, rises about two feet, with multifid 
 leaves} which, when handled, emit a strong odour: spikes 
 solitary, hairy and subsessile; native of Cappadocia, Tuscany, 
 and the country of Nice, on sandy shores. 
 
 AMERICAN STARWORT 
 
 Aster Tradescanti. 
 
 Aster, L. from the Greek ;T>, S , a star, the flower being 
 radiated. 
 
 Botanists have named this species of Aster in compli- 
 ment to the memory of John Tradescant, one of the fathers 
 of Natural History in England; as well as one of the ear- 
 liest cultivators of exotic plants in that country. He was 
 appointed chief gardener to king Charles the First. His 
 son, of the same name, visited Virginia, in 1633, and car- 
 rie'd back with him several new plants, of which this was 
 one. 
 
 It obtained the more familiar name of JWichaelmass* 
 Daisy, from its flowering about that season of the year, and 
 the corollas being radiated, and nearly of the size of the com- 
 mon Daisy. 
 
 There are two varieties, viz: the dwarf and tall starwort. 
 The common Jllichaelmass Daisy grows from three to five 
 feet high. The leaves of both are radical, about four inches 
 long, like those of willow; ray varies from white to purple, 
 consisting of many florets. The dwarf variety produces smaller 
 flowers, of a dark purple. 
 
 North America abounds in Asters of every variety of 
 hue. 
 
 ANEMONE. 
 (See Note on Adonis.) 
 
 Anemone, Greek ti/tavs, from MI/S^?, the wind, be- 
 cause the flower is supposed not to open except the wind 
 blows on it; or, because it grows in situations much exposed 
 to the wind. 
 
 And coy Anemone that ne'er uncloses 
 
 Her lips until they're blown on by the wind. 
 
 Hor. Smith. 
 
 Heathen mythology informs us that Adonis was killed 
 by a wild boar, while engaged in the chase of that furious 
 animal ; and that his blood, which was shed upon the ground, 
 was, by Venus, changed into the flower Anemone, which has 
 ever since retained the colour of blood. 
 
 By this the boy that by her side lay killed, 
 Was melted like a vapour from her sight; 
 And in his blood, that on the ground lay spilled, 
 A purple flower sprung up chequered with white. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 * Michaelmass, Michael and Mass. The feast of the archangel Mi- 
 chael, celebrated on the 29th September. 
 
 The Anemone Vernalis is a native of the mountains, 
 and barren sands in Sweden, Germany, and Switzerland. 
 Leaves pinnate; powers red without, and white within. 
 
 It has been made the emblem of anxious expectation: 
 
 u All wan and shivering in the leafless glade, 
 The sad Anemone reclin'd her head; 
 Grief on her cheeks had paled the roseate hue, 
 And her sweet eye-lids dropp'd with pearly dew. 
 
 Breathe gentle air! from cherub lips impart 
 
 Thy balmy influence to my anguish'd heart; 
 
 Thou whose soft voice calls forth the tender blooms, 
 
 Whose pencil paints them, and whose breath perfumes. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 And give my ivory petals to expand. 
 
 # * * * 
 
 To her fond prayer propitious zephyr yields, 
 
 Sweeps on his sliding shell through azure fields, 
 
 O'er her fair mansion waves his whispering wand, 
 
 And gives her ivory petals to expand." Daneiit. 
 
 The Anemone has, properly, no calyx; but two or three 
 sets of petals, three in a set, somewhat oblong, which are 
 folded over the stamens and pistils in a singular and beau- 
 tiful manner. It differs from the Ranunculus, in not having 
 a melliferous pore on the claw of each petal. The stamina 
 have numerous filaments, half the length of the corolla; an- 
 thers twin and erect; the pistillum has numerous germs in 
 ahead; styles acuminate, and stigmas obtuse; no pericar- 
 piutn; receptacle globular or oblong, hollowed and dotted; 
 numerous seeds, acuminate, retaining the style. It is said to 
 expand its flower only in fine weather, and to close them on 
 the approach of rain. 
 
 " Anemone, that shuns the impending shower." 
 
 Evans. 
 
 And hails with kindling smiles the genial skies. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 The flowers of the Anemone are of various colours 
 white, blue, purple, yellow, crimson, scarlet, peach-blos- 
 som, 8tc. 
 
 Anemone now robed in virgin white, 
 
 Now blushing with faint crimson. Gisborne. 
 
 u See yon Anemonies their leaves unfold, 
 With rubies flaming, and with living gold." 
 
 The lily, or purple bell 
 Of Persian wind-flower. 
 
 Maturin. 
 
 The American Wild Anemone is very delicate and fra- 
 gile, and soon withers after being cropped. 
 
 " Youth, like a thin Anemone, displays 
 His silken leaf, and in a morn decays." 
 
 Sir Wm. Jones. 
 
ARBOR VITJE. 
 
 Thuja. 
 
 Thuja, L. Greek 5 U101 -, s u ,, or s; which is de- 
 rived from SUM, to perfume. 
 
 Arbor Vitx, L. from .Arbor, a tree, and Fttee, of life. 
 The tree of life. 
 
 Thuja, the name of a tree, whose very durable wood 
 served, according to Theophrastus, to make images. Its roots, 
 in particular, being curiously twisted or veined, were used for 
 the most valuable ornamental works. This plant was pro- 
 bably the Juniperus Oxycedrus, very common throughout 
 Greece and the Archipelago, of which Mr. Hawkins is of 
 opinion that the most ancient statues were made. Our pre- 
 sent genus of Thuja has nothing in common with this classi- 
 cal plant, except being an aromatic evergreen tree of the 
 same natural order, with very durable wood; but it is not a 
 native of Greece or the Levant. Rees' Encyclopedia. 
 
 The species cultivated are, the American Arbor Vitse, 
 Thuja Occidentalis, called White Cedar; and the Chinese 
 Arbor Vitae, Thuja Orientalis. In the first of these species, 
 there are great varieties; as the American sweet-scented, and 
 the variegated-leaved native of North America, from Cana- 
 da to the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina. It is 
 rather scarce in the Southern States, and only found on the 
 steep banks of mountain torrents. 
 
 The Thuja Occidentalis is an evergreen tree of humble 
 growth, much branched, very different from most others in the 
 compressed vertical aspect of its younger shoots, and their 
 closely imbricated leaves, which are small, obtuse with a 
 point, smooth; those of two opposite rows compressed and 
 keeled; the intermediate ones flat, with a glandular point or 
 cell of resin, at the back. The flowers appear in May, and 
 are small, solitary, terminal; the males yellowish, and most 
 abundant. Cones ripened the following year, drooping, about 
 the size of a filbert kernel, consisting of about half a dozen 
 lax, smooth, coriaceous scales. The odour of the bruised 
 plant is aromatic, but not agreeable. The wood is not hard, 
 but tough, and extremely durable. 
 
 Thuja Orientalis, is a native of rocky and mountainous 
 situations in China and Japan. It is a hardy evergreen in 
 our gardens, flowering at the same time with the former. 
 The very copious and crowded young branches are more erect, 
 more slender, and rather less compressed than those of the 
 former, and the leaves are furrowed, without any resinous dot. 
 The young branches two edged; leaves imbricated in four 
 furrows, compressed, ovate, somewhat rhomboid, with a cen- 
 tral furrow. Inner scales of the cone obtuse, and remarkably 
 hooked, with a recurved dorsal point. 
 
 AURICULA. 
 
 Primula Auricula. 
 
 Primula, a name given to the Primrose, as the first of- 
 fering of Spring, (from Primus,) and retained by Linnxus 
 for the genus to which that favourite flower belongs; though, 
 as he remarks in some parts of his writings, there are plants, 
 in various countries, more strictly entitled to such an ap- 
 pellation. 
 
 Auricula,!*, the outside, the flap of the ear; from auris, 
 
 L. the ear. That species of Primrose, called from the shape of 
 its leaves, Bear's ear. 
 
 The Auricula is considered in the Linnaean system as a 
 species of Primula. The varieties of the Auricula are ex- 
 tremely numerous, as every year produces a great number of 
 flowers, different in shape, size, and colour; in the leaves, 
 also, there is great variety, so that the experienced florist can 
 distinguish the particular sorts by that means. 
 
 The Flora Historica tells us, that it is a native of the icy 
 summits of the Alps: that it is a plant on which Nature plays 
 her frolics, and loves to paint in all the varieties of whimsi- 
 cality and diversity of rich hues. Nature has guarded these 
 delicate flowers from the scorching heat of the sun's rays, by 
 sprinkling them with a fine powder, and the leaves of most 
 of the kinds of Auricula are kept cool by the same wise 
 precaution. 
 
 Auriculas enrich'd 
 With shining meal o'er all their velvet leaves. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 See 
 
 Where rayed in sparkling dust, and velvet pride, 
 
 Like brilliant stars arranged in splendid row, 
 
 The proud Auriculas their lustre show. Kleist. 
 
 The acme of the florist's ambition is to procure the Au- 
 ricula of a glowing scarlet, or deep crimson, edged with 
 green. 
 
 The Primula Auricula, garden Auricula, or Bear's ear, 
 is the origin of all the fine powdered garden Auriculas; it has, 
 in a wild state, much less powdery leaves, whose edges are 
 partially, but often coarsely, serrated; their form broadly and 
 obtusely obovate. Stalk many-flowered, about the length of 
 the foliage. The flowers are small, yellow, occasionally 
 purple, or red, as usually seen in gardens. Their scent is 
 grateful and peculiar. 
 
 BACHELOR'S BUTTON. 
 Lychnis Dioica. 
 
 (See note on Scarlet Lychnis.) 
 
 Dioica Wares, or Dioecious flowers, have stamens in one 
 individual, and pistils in another, on separate plants of the 
 same species. 
 
 Bachelor's Button Bachelor, a word of very uncer- 
 tain etymology. Junius derives it from the Gr. /Sxxixcj, 
 foolish. Menage, from bos chevalier, a knight of the lowest 
 rank. The most probable derivation seems to be from bac.ca 
 laurus, (L) the berry of a Laurel or Bay; Bachelors being 
 young, are of good hopes, like laurels in the berry. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Lychnis Dioica red or white field campion, flowers 
 dioecious; fruit of one cell; crown of each petal four-cleft. 
 There is a blush-coloured variety, otherwise most like the 
 white; but more evanescent. 
 
 The red flowering kind, L. Diurna, is a very common 
 plant throughout Europe, in hedges and shady bushy places, 
 in the spring. The white, L. Vespertina, so called from its 
 evening fragrance, is a stronger plant, usually found in 
 
fields or open situations, in summer. The roots perennial; 
 plant hairy, and somewhat viscid, two or three feet high; 
 leaves ovate or lanceolate, hairy; limb of each petal cloven 
 half way down, generally with two small acute lobes; its 
 crown consisting of two obtuse central teeth, and two acute 
 lateral ones. 
 
 BALM. 
 
 Melissa. 
 
 Melissa, from Melissa, the Greek name of a Bee; or, 
 rather, as that name itself, like the ancient proper names 
 Melissa and Melissus, also originated from Meli, the 
 Greek for honey, because of the abundant and excellent 
 honey of the flowers of this herb, for which bees are said 
 greatly to frequent them. Rees' Encyclopedia. 
 
 Balm, E. French Baume, a contraction of balsam, 
 which is an aromatic substance, flowing from certain plants. 
 
 The Melissa Qfficinalis, Common Balm, has a plea- 
 sant scent, somewhat like the lemon, and has been denomi- 
 nated " Melissa odore citri," for this reason. It was for- 
 merly esteemed of great use in all complaints proceeding 
 from a disordered state of the nervous system. As a tea, 
 it is well known to be a grateful diluent drink in fevers, 
 either by itself, or acidulated with lemon. 
 
 Balm is too generally known to require a botanical de- 
 scription. 
 
 BALSAM. 
 Impatiens. 
 
 Impatiens, so called from the great elasticity of the 
 sutures of its seed vessel, which is completely impatient of 
 the touch; curling up with great velocity, and scattering 
 round the seeds. From this remarkable circumstance, it 
 has obtained the English appellation of " Touch-me-not." 
 
 It is a native of the East Indies, China, and Japan. It 
 has the advantage of retaining all its splendour and fresh- 
 ness during the drought of the hottest months. Contrary 
 to the nature of plants, in general, it droops in the cool of 
 the night, whilst it erects itself in the heat of day, which 
 causes most other plants to fade. In watering these plants, 
 care should be taken not to sprinkle or wet the foliage ; and 
 it is recommended to save the seeds from, the principal stem 
 only, and not from the collateral branches. 
 
 General character of Impatiens: Perianth very small, 
 of two roundish, pointed, equal leaves, coloured, deciduous. 
 Corolla five-petalled, irregular; the upper petal roundish, 
 flat, slightly trifid, making a sort of upper lip; lower pair 
 very large, obtuse; intermediate pair opposite, rising from 
 the base of the upper petal; nectary receiving, like a hood, 
 the base of the flower. 
 
 The generic name of Impatiens, has suggested the em- 
 blem of Impatience; but the Turks represent ardent love 
 by this flower. 
 
 SWEET BASIL. 
 Ocimum BasUicum. 
 
 Ocimum L. the ,x.,uo of the Greeks. Etymology un- 
 certain. Some derive the word from the Gr. wxiws, quickly, 
 swiftly or from coxi/iow or wxuj, swift, quick, rapid, &.c. 
 
 The Ocimum BasUicum, or Common Sweet Basil, is a 
 native of India and Persia; and may be placed among the 
 hardy annuals. The leaves ovate, peculiarly smooth and cool 
 to the touch, and if not too much bruised, exhale a delightful 
 fragrance. The calyx is remarkably hairy ; the flowers violet- 
 coloured, varying in colour, sometimes only spotted with pur- 
 ple. 
 
 Basil, E. French basilic Latin basilica Greek 
 j6<riA.ixoi/, signifying kingly, royal, courtly. 
 
 Several of the species of the Ocimum are held in super- 
 stitious veneration by the Hindoos, and are used in their reli- 
 gious ceremonies. The species most in estimation at Cal- 
 cutta, is known by the general name of Toolsey. The whole 
 genus is valued for their fragrant, aromatic, and sweet scent; 
 which, in some instances, resembles the nutmeg, clove, cit- 
 ron, and fennel. 
 
 That which is used in French cookery, rises about ten 
 inches high, sending out opposite four cornered branches 
 from the very bottom. Leaves ovate, narrowing gradually 
 towards each end in acute points, indented on their edges. 
 The whole plant hairy, and has the odour of cloves. 
 
 BAY TREE. 
 
 Laurus. 
 
 Laurus, the ancient Latin name of the Bay Tree, for 
 which it is retained by modern botanists, and along with 
 which it now comprehends a great number of species, consti- 
 tuting one of the noblest genera in the whole vegetable king- 
 dom. The origin of the word is now lost in the obscurity of 
 antiquity: and whether etymologists derive it from lavo, to 
 wash, or from laus, praise or honour, we have not the satis- 
 faction to know. 
 
 Bay, E. In Spanish Baya, is a berry, the fruit of the 
 laurel. Greek ,3tiov, a branch of the palm tree. It was used 
 in the ancient purifications. Jlinsworth. 
 
 What is now called Bay, was formerly called Laurel, 
 which has introduced some confusion. 
 
 Laurus, Latin Laurel, English A*$m, Greek. 
 
 Daphne, so famous for her modesty, was transformed 
 into the Laurel, or Bay tree, which is always flourishing and 
 pure. Apollo, her lover, crowned his head with the leaves, 
 and ordained that for ever after, the tree should be sacred to 
 him. He says of the tree, alter the metamorphosis: 
 
 Because thou canst not be 
 My mistress, I espouse thee for my tree: 
 Be thou the prize of honour and renown; 
 The deathless poet, and the victor crown. 
 Thou shalt the Roman festivals adorn, 
 And, after poets, be by victors worn. 
 * * * 
 
 Secure from thunder, and unharm'd by Jove, 
 Unfading as th' immortal pow'rs above : 
 And as the locks of Phoebus are unshorn, 
 So shall perpetual green thy brows adorn. 
 The grateful tree was pleas'd with what he said, 
 And shook the shady honours of her head. 
 
 Dryden's Ovid. 
 
The Bay has had ascribed to it the property of resisting 
 lightning: 
 
 There bays still grow, (by thunder not struck down,) 
 The victor's garland, and the poet's crown. 
 
 W. Browne. 
 
 Low at your sacred feet our poor muse lays 
 Her, and her thunder-fearless bays. 
 
 Beaumont fy Fletcher. 
 
 The Lauras JVo&iZts, or Sweet Bay, is decided to be 
 the Daphne of Dioscorides; and, consequently, the classical 
 Laurel of the ancients. It is still called by the same name 
 among the modern Greeks. It is a native of Asia and Eu- 
 rope. There are many species of it, some of them indigenous 
 in America. 
 
 The L. Nobttis is a tree of slow growth. Leaves stalk- 
 ed, lanceolate, veiny, finely reticulated, evergreen, aromatic: 
 flowers four-cleft, dioecious, in short axillary clusters, of a 
 pale yellow, borne only by old trees: no calyx. 
 
 The Laurel only to adorn 
 The conqueror, and the poet. 
 
 Drayton. 
 
 The Laurel meed of mighty conquerors, 
 
 And poets sage. Spencer's Fairy Queen. 
 
 The triumphal crown of the Romans, was made of 
 branches of Laurel, or Bay tree, and given to a General who 
 had gained a battle, or conquered a province, and who was 
 worthy of the honour of a triumph: 
 
 Unchallenged, let the warrior wear 
 
 The Laurel in his gory hair. J. JET. Wiffin. 
 
 Triumphant Laurels seem to grow 
 
 No where so green as on his brow. Butler. 
 
 In the genus Laurus, are found the Cinnamon tree, or 
 L. Cinnamonum, whose bark furnishes the spicy aromatic 
 Cinnamon of our shops. It is a native of Ceylon, an island 
 of the East Indies. 
 
 The L. Camphora, or Japan Camphor tree, of this ge- 
 nus, is that from which the best camphor is procured. This 
 is found in perpendicular veins, near the centre of the tree, or 
 concreted in the knots of the wood. There is a grosser sort 
 prepared from the roots, which is afterwards refined by a 
 chemical process, into the transparent resin used in medicine. 
 The Camphor tree, in its general character, is nearly related 
 to the Red Bay of America; so similar in appearance, that, 
 at a little distance, they are easily confounded. 
 
 The L. Cassia, or Cassia-bark tree, celebrated from all 
 antiquity, belongs to this family: native, also, of the East In- 
 dies. It is noticed in the Old Testament, Ps. xiv. 7, 8. It 
 resembles the Cinnamon in its aromatic, fragrant bark. 
 
 L. Sassafras, American Sassafras tree, is also of this 
 genus. It was among the first trees of America which be- 
 came known to the Europeans, on account of its medicinal 
 virtues. 
 
 L. Caroliniensis, American Red Bay, is another spe- 
 cies, abundant in the Southern States, where it attains the 
 height of from sixty to seventy feet, and from fifteen to twen- 
 ty inches in diameter. The leaves are about six inches long, 
 alternate, oval-acuminate, whitish, or glaucous, on the lower 
 surface, and evergreen. They resemble, in odour, those of 
 the Sweet Bay, L. Nobilis, and may be employed in cooke- 
 ry. The fruit, or seed, is very similar to those of the Sassa- 
 fras, of a dark blue colour. 
 
 BELVIDERE. 
 
 Scoparia. Dulcis. 
 Jl. Veronica. 
 
 Veronica, an old but not classical name. Its common 
 etymology is between the Greek and Latin, from Verus, or 
 rather Vera, true, and the Greek sixn,./, a figure; and this, 
 illiterate and barbarous as it is, has the sanction of the super- 
 stitious legend of St. Veronica, whose handkerchief is re- 
 corded to have received the impression of our Saviour's face, 
 as he used it in bearing his cross to the place of crucifixion. 
 
 Veronica is abbreviated from Vericonica, of Vera-icon 
 q. d. true image. Veronicas, in commerce, are imitations of 
 that celebrated original one, preserved with great veneration 
 at St. Peter's, in Rome; and imagined, by some, to be the 
 handkerchief laid over our Saviour's face in the sepulchre. 
 
 Ambrosinus says, the word Veronica is German, and ori- 
 ginated in the druggists' shops of that country. He favours 
 the idea of its being corrupted from Vetonica, our Betonica, 
 or Betony. 
 
 Belvidere, E., from the Latin bellus, fine, and video, to 
 see. 
 
 Scoparia, from the Latin Scopse, a broom, because the 
 plant is used in the West Indies for making brooms. 
 
 Scoparia Dulcis, Sweet Scoparia. The leaves have a 
 sweet taste like liquorice, whence its name of Wild Liquor- 
 ice, or Sweet Weed, by which it is known in Jamaica. 
 Sloane says, that three spoonfulls of the expressed juice of 
 these leaves, taken evening and morning, for three days, is 
 counted an infallible remedy for any cough. It has long been 
 known in our green-houses as an annual of no great beauty. 
 It blossoms throughout the summer: the stem is very bushy, 
 angular: leaves stalked, an inch long, light green, smooth, 
 coarsely and bluntly serrated, tapering at the base: flowers 
 small, white: corolla wheel-shaped, deeply four-cleft; nume- 
 rous axillary, solitary, on short slender stalks: calyx in four 
 deep equal segments. 
 
 BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL. 
 
 Lotus. 
 (See Lotos.) 
 
 Lotus, or Lotos, a name applied to several herbaceous 
 plants, essential to the maintenance of domestic cattle in 
 countries sparingly furnished with grass. 
 For Trefoil, see clover. 
 
 There are several species of the Bird's-foot trefoil noticed 
 under the article Lotus. The square podded Lotus sili- 
 quosus, with large lemon-coloured flowers once cultivated 
 for the pods as a vegetable; and, latterly, for its flowers. 
 Roots perennial. 
 
The Crimson-winged Pea, or L. Tetragonolobus, is a 
 hardy annual, with deep crimson velvety flowers. The pods, 
 also, esculent. This species has been celebrated, as having 
 first called the attention of Linnaeus to the sleep of the 
 plants. He observed its flowers to close up in the evening, 
 and open again in the morning. 
 
 Common Bird's-foot Trefoil, L. Corniculatus,* usually 
 found in open grassy pastures, where it is conspicuous in the 
 Autumn, with flowers of a golden yellow, more or less stain- 
 ed or striped with dark red: the stem clothed with close- 
 pressed hairs: pod or seed-vessel of a shining brown or cop- 
 per colour: roots perennial has been recommended for fod- 
 der and hay, by the name of Milk-vetch. 
 
 The essential character of this genus, is Legume cylin- 
 drical, straight, wings cohering longitudinally above: calyx 
 tubular; filaments dilated upwards: corolla papilionaceous. 
 
 BOX. 
 Buxus. 
 
 Buxus, L. from the Greek iruj-i;, a box, and TruS-o;, the 
 tree. Sax. box. 
 
 The Box, sacred to Cybele, because the pipes used in 
 her sacrifices were made of it. 
 
 (See Tooke's Pantheon.) 
 
 The Arborescent Box, or Buxus Jlrborescens, (Semper- 
 virens, Linn.) a shrubby tree, from twelve to sixteen feet 
 high; is a native oF most parts of Europe, from Britain south- 
 ward, and in the temperate parts of Asia and America. It 
 was much admired by the ancients, on account of its being 
 easily clipped into the shape of animals, and other fantastic 
 appearances. The younger Pliny gives a florid description of 
 the pleasure grounds at one of his country seats; in which, 
 among other curious devices, the letters of his own name, and 
 of other words, were orderly expressed in rows of shorn box. 
 
 The Dwarf Box, or Buxus Suffruticosa, never rises to 
 a greater height than about three feet, and grows in thick, 
 much-branched tufts. It is found wild in many parts of 
 France, by the road sides, about villages, and in stony, waste 
 places, and is said to be truly indigenous. 
 
 It is used in gardening, to divide beds from the walks of 
 flower-gardens, and has great durability. R. E. 
 
 The Box is too well known to require a botanical de- 
 scription. 
 
 BROOM. 
 
 Genista. 
 
 Genista, either from Genu, a knee in allusion to the 
 bending of the twigs; or from Geno, to produce: because it 
 grows wild in abundance. Not a very clear etymology. 
 
 Bees' Encyclopedia. 
 
 Broom, E. Sax. brum, so called from its being made 
 into brooms to sweep with. 
 
 Genista, Green-weed, Dwarf Broom, Scotch Broom, 
 8tc. A genus of shrubs almost entirely European, with tough 
 angular stems and branches, either ternate or simple leaves, 
 and yellow flowers : calyx a perianth inferior, of one leaf, 
 small, tubular, two-lipped, the upper lip with two teeth, lower 
 
 * Corniculatus, Latin Horned, like the Moon. 
 
 with three. Corolla papilionaceous, standard oblong, bent 
 backwards from the rest of the flower. 
 
 Sweet blooms Genista in the myrtle shade, 
 
 And ten fond brothers woo the haughty maid. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 In allusion to the ten stamens being united at the bot- 
 tom into one brotherhood, and with the single pistil inhabit- 
 ing the same flower. 
 
 In France, the Broom is regarded as the emblem of 
 Humility. Garland of Flora. 
 
 The Encyclopedia states, that the term Plantagenet 
 lias given infinite perplexity to the etymologists and antiqua- 
 rians. It is allowed to have belonged to the house of Anjou ; 
 and was brought to the throne of England by Henry the Se- 
 cond, where it was preserved by his posterity, till the time of 
 Henry the Eighth, a space of above four hundred years. 
 
 Skinner tells us that " the house of Anjou derived the 
 name Plantagenet from a prince thereof, who having killed 
 his brother, to enjoy his principality, afterwards repented, 
 and made a voyage to the Holy Land to expiate his crime; 
 disciplining himself every night with a rod made of the plant 
 Genet, Genista, broom." And we are told, elsewhere, that 
 he became nick-named Planta-genet, from the use he had 
 made of the Broom, or Genista. 
 
 Lemon, in his English Etymology, says: "It is very 
 observable, that fourteen princes of the family of Plantagenet 
 have sate on the throne of England for upwards of three hun- 
 dred years, and yet very few of our countrymen have known 
 either the reason of that appellation, or the etymology of it: 
 but history tells us, that Geofry, earl of Anjou, acquired the 
 surname of Plantagenet from the incident of his wearing a 
 sprig of Broom in his helmet, on a day of battle. This 
 Geofry was second husband to Matilda, or Maud, empress 
 of Germany, and daughter of Henry I., of England : and from 
 this Plantagenet family were descended all our Edwards and 
 Henrys." 
 
 Of the Broom there are three varieties the yellow, vio- 
 let, and white flowering. 
 
 Their groves of sweet myrtle let foreign lands reckon, 
 Where bright beaming summers exalt the perfume; 
 Far dearer to me yon lone glen o' green breckan, 
 Wi' the burn stealing under the lang yellow broom. 
 
 Burns. 
 
 The wilding broom as sweet, which gracefully 
 Flings its long tresses, waving in yellow beauty. 
 
 Landon. 
 
 The humble Broom and osiers have their use, 
 And shade for sheep, and food for flocks produce. 
 
 Dryden. 
 
 The broom and the furze are perpetually associated. 
 They both bear papilionaceous flowers. The furze is some- 
 times called, by botanists, Genista Spinosa, and also Ulex 
 Europceus, provincially Whin or Gorse. This grows abund- 
 antly in England: and it is recorded of Linnsus, that when 
 he visited England, in 1736, he was so much delighted with 
 the golden bloom of the furze, which he then saw for the 
 
first time, on a common near London, that he fell on his 
 knees, enraptured at the sight. He conveyed some of the 
 plants to Sweden; and he complains in Hort. Upsal, 212, 
 that he could never preserve it in his garden, through the 
 winter. 
 
 Of the furze, the common yellow and the white, are 
 ranked under the head of evergreens- 
 Here the furze 
 
 Enriched among its spines, with golden flowers, 
 Scents the keen air. Charlotte Smith. 
 
 The gorse is yellow on the heath, 
 
 The banks with speedwell flowers are gay. Same. 
 
 The purple heath, and golden broom, 
 
 Which scent the passing gale. Montgomery. 
 
 BUTTER CUP. 
 
 Ranunculus. Jlcris. 
 
 Ranunculus, derived from Rana, and means a little 
 frog. It is possible that the divisions of the leaves may have 
 suggested the idea of a frog's foot, which supposition is con- 
 firmed by the English name Crow-foot. 
 
 It is an extensive and varied herbaceous genus: the seed, 
 in no instance, ever producing two flowers alike, or one si- 
 milar to the parent plant. The prevailing colour of the flower 
 is yellow; yet it embraces all colours, from black down to 
 white: blue is one of its most rare colours. 
 
 The plants of Ranunculus have a caustic and burning 
 quality, injurious to men and cattle; particularly sheep: and 
 it was with one kind of Ranunculus that the ancients poison- 
 ed their arrows. 
 
 The essential mark of this genus, consists, according to 
 Linnaeus, in the nectary; the rest of the parts being uncer- 
 tain. The nectary, in some species, is a naked pore; in some, 
 it is bordered with a cylindrical margin ; in others, closed with 
 a notched scale. 
 
 Its general character is that of a perianth, of five ovate, 
 concave, somewhat coloured, deciduous leaves: corolla of five 
 petals, obtuse, polished: with small claws: nectary a cavity 
 in each petal, just above the claw. 
 
 The Ranunculus Acris, Butter-cup, or King-cup, is a 
 native of meadows and pastures, flowering from May to 
 August. Called Butter-cup, from blooming at the season 
 when the best butter is made. The double-flowered variety is 
 frequent in gardens. 
 
 And fairies now, no doubt, unseen, 
 
 In silent revels sup; 
 With dew-drop bumpers toast their queen, 
 
 From crow-flower's golden cup. Clare. 
 
 Let weeds, instead of butter-flowers, appear, 
 
 And meads, instead of daisies, hemlock wear. Gay. 
 
 Bright flowing king-cups promise future wealth. 
 
 Garland of Flora. 
 
 CALLA ^THIOPICA. 
 Arum JEthi&picum. 
 
 Jlrum, supposed to be derived from a Greek word *, 
 signifying injury. I suppose from the acrimonious quality of 
 the root, which, if cut in slices, and applied to the skin, will 
 blister the part. 
 
 The *#. Maculatum, or common Arum, is the only spe- 
 cies indigenous in Britain, and is used medicinally. Its me- 
 dicinal efficacy resides wholly in the active volatile matter, 
 which is completely dissipated by drying, or the application 
 of heat, so as to leave the root a bland farinaceous aliment. 
 
 There is a species, JLrum Virginicum, Virginian Arum, 
 which grows wild in wet places in Virginia, Carolina and 
 Pennsylvania, &tc., of which the savages are said to be very 
 fond. They boil the spadix, with the berries, and devour it 
 as a great dainty. There are several species of the Arum in- 
 digenous in America. 
 
 Calla, is derived, according to some authors, from the 
 Greek XA.\OS, beauty. According to Professor Martyn, from 
 x\x.iov, Gr., the wattles of a cock. 
 
 The Calla Ethiopica Ethiopian Calla, Cuckoo-pint, 
 Wake- robin, Dragon-plant, Friar's-cowl, Eve's-apron, all 
 English names applied to it, is a species of Jlrum a native 
 of the cape of Good Hope. The flower is beautiful. Its 
 alabaster white calyx expands into so elegant a vase-like shape, 
 that Flora seems to have intended it for the hand of Hebe, 
 when she presents the imperial nectar to Jove. This vegeta- 
 ble cup also pours out an. agreeable perfume from its graceful 
 and beautiful horn. Its appearance, in a group of plants, re- 
 minds us of a beautiful antique lamp for burning incense; 
 which illusion the flame-coloured spadix, arising out of the 
 centre of the white calix, considerably increases. It has ar- 
 row-shaped leaves, clustering from the root, eight or nine 
 inches long, of a shining green, ending in a point, which turns 
 backwards on petioles more than a foot long, furrowed, and 
 sheathing at their base. The white spathe, a little fleshy, 
 twisted at the bottom, but spread open at the top, suddenly 
 contracting, and ending in a point. The spadix yellowish, 
 cylindrical, about half the length of the spathe. Stamens 
 above, pistils below, set so closely together, that they are 
 not easily distinguished. The seeds are roundish, dark- 
 brown and smooth. 
 
 CALYCANTHUS FLORIDUS. 
 Carolina Jlllspice; or 
 Sweet-scented Shrub. 
 
 Calycanthus, from the Greek x*\ u s, calyx; and vdo;, 
 a flower. So called, because the calyx resembles a corolla. 
 Linnaeus gives the flower no corolla, but a calyx with many 
 divisions in two concentric ranks, all resembling petals. 
 
 Jussieu observed, that the inner rank probably consists 
 of petals. A shrub three or four feet high: stem irregularly 
 branched; covered with a brown aromatic bark. Leaves 
 opposite, egg-shaped: flowers of a dusky purple; the petals 
 incurved at the top. A native of Carolina. The seeds are 
 thought to be poisonous to dogs and foxes. 
 
 CAMELLIA JAPONICA. 
 
 Japan Rose. 
 Camellia, so named in honour of Geo. Joseph Kamel, a 
 
Jesuit, whose name has been Latinized into Camellus; au- 
 thor of Syllabus Stirpium, &.c., annexed to the third volume 
 of Ray's Historia Plantarum. 
 
 Camellia Japonica a lofty, large, evergreen tree: 
 leaves alternate, egg-shaped, acute, shining on both sides, 
 thick and stiff, paler green beneath, on short leaf-stalks. 
 Flowers large and beautiful, in the form of the rose: those 
 raised in Europe, of a lively red; but in their native country, 
 they exhibit a variety of colours. Its flowers readily become 
 double, in which state they often occur in Chinese paintings. 
 A native of China and Japan introduced into England, be- 
 fore 1742, by Robert James, Lord Petre. 
 
 As Venus wander'd 'midst the Italian bower, 
 And mark'd the loves and graces round her play; 
 She pluck'd a musk-rose from its dew-bent spray, 
 "And this," she cried, "shall be my favourite flower; 
 For o'er its crimson leaflets I will shower 
 Dissolving sweets to steal the soul away; 
 That Dian's self shall own their sov'reign sway, 
 And feel the influence of my mightier power." 
 
 Then spoke fair Cynthia, as severe she smiled, 
 "Be others by thy amorous arts beguiled; 
 Ne'er shall thy dang'rous gifts these brows adorn; 
 To me more dear than all their rich perfume 
 The chaste Camellia's pure and spotless bloom, 
 That boasts no fragrance, and conceals no thorn." 
 
 Wm. Roscoe, Esq. 
 
 CANTERBURY BELL. 
 
 Campanula. Medium. 
 
 Campanula, Latin, For a.' little bell. 
 
 Root biennial. The plant decays after having matured 
 its seeds. The seeds should be sown in the spring and trans- 
 planted in the autumn, preparatory to its flowering the fol- 
 lowing year. 
 
 Stem two feet high. Root-leaves narrowed at the base 
 into long leaf-stalks, slightly scolloped, hairy, harsh to the 
 touch. Stem-leaves oblong, scolloped. Flowers blue, pur- 
 ple, or white, large Monopetalous. 
 
 Native of woods on the continent of Europe. 
 
 CAPE JASMINE. 
 Gardenia. Florida. 
 
 Gardenia, so named by Ellis, in honour of his able friend 
 and correspondent, Dr. Alexander Garden an eminent 
 botanist and zoologist a Scotchman, who settled at Charles- 
 ton, S. C., in 1752: a correspondent, also, of Linnaeus. Dur- 
 ing the political disturbances in America, he, being a loyalist, 
 took refuge in Europe; and, in 1761, he was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Royal Academy of Upsal. 
 
 The original idea and character of this genus are taken 
 from the G. Florida, first carried to England by Captain 
 Hutchinson, in full bloom, from the Cape of Good Hope. 
 Gordon, the nursery-man, having obtained layers, propagated 
 it so successfully, as to have gained more than Jive hundred 
 pounds by the produce. The flowers are always double, like 
 those of the original shrub; with only imperfect traces of an- 
 thers: but many specimens, with sii gle flowers, have been 
 
 brought from the East Indies, where it grows wild, as well as 
 in China and Japan. 
 
 St em shrubby, three or four feet high: leaves opposite, 
 on short stalks, elliptical, bluntly pointed, entire, smooth, 
 veiny, evergreen. Flowers solitary, of the size and aspect 
 of a double Narcissus Poeticus, (which is the largest of the 
 white kinds, with a crimson border on the cup of the necta- 
 ry,) with a sweet and very powerful scent, resembling the fla- 
 vour of ginger. 
 
 CARDINAL'S FLOWER. 
 
 Lobelia. Cardinalis. 
 
 Lobelia, so called in honour of Matthias de Lobel, or 
 1} Obel, a botanist, contemporary with Chisius, whose wood- 
 en cuts, for the most part, re-appeared in his works. He 
 was, at one time, physician to the illustrious Prince of Orange, 
 and to the States of Holland. Born at Lisle, in Flanders, in 
 1538. He removed to England before the year 1750, and 
 was appointed botanist and physician to James the First, of 
 England. He had, at one time, the superintendence of Lord 
 Zouch's garden, at Hackney, during the latter part of the 
 reign of Queen Elizabeth. He was one of the contributors 
 to a work entitled the Adversaria, dedicated to Queen Eliza- 
 beth. The aim of the authors of this work, was to investi- 
 gate the botany and ma.te.via medica of the ancients; and 
 especially of Dioscorides. In the decline of life, he lived at 
 Highgate; and died in 1616 aged 78. 
 
 The Cardinal's flower, Lobelia Cardinalis, was intro- 
 duced into Great Britain in the reign of the First Charles; 
 whose herbalist, Parkinson, mentions it as a " brave plant." 
 We presume it was called CardinaPs flower on account of 
 the bright red colour of the corollas. It is a native of North 
 America, growing by the sides of rivers and ditches. Its 
 roots perennial; stems three feet high, leafy : flowers rich, 
 and vivid scarlet. 
 
 The L. Fulgens, Refulgent Lobelia; and the L. Splen- 
 dous, Shining Lobelia, are still more brilliant: they are 
 Mexican plants; and when cultivated with care, the crimson 
 flowers assume a degree of magnificence scarcely surpassed 
 by any other plant. 
 
 The foliage of the Splendid, or Shining Lobelia, is mark- 
 ed with dashes of a rich puce colour; which, together with 
 the claret coloured flower-stalks, adds greatly to the beauty of 
 the plant. The stems from five to six feet high. 
 
 The Blue Lobelia, much used in medicine, grows 
 abundantly in the middle and southern states of North Ame- 
 rica, in moist grounds. The stem erect, (not branched, 
 like the L. Inflata,) rather hairy, from one to three or four 
 feet high; leaves ovate, lanceolate, unequally serrate; raceme 
 leafy; calyx, hairy, with sinuses reflexed; flowers, large, 
 bright blue, on short peduncles. Every part of the plant 
 abounds with a milky juice, and has a strong, disagreeable 
 odour. The root, which is the part used in medicine, resem- 
 bles tobacco in taste, and is apt to excite nausea. It flowers 
 all the summer. 
 
 CATCH FLY. 
 
 Silene. 
 Silene, a name given to this genus by Linnaeus, in allu- 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
sion to the viscid moisture of its stalks, under the flowers of 
 this plant, by which flies of the smaller kind are entrapped: 
 a curious contrivance of Nature, to prevent various insects 
 from plundering the honey, or devouring the seed. The 
 word Silenc, probably derived from the Greek <r>\ov; Latin, 
 saliva. De Theis deduces it more directly from the drunk- 
 en god Silenus, whose name he supposes to have a similar 
 origin : 
 
 The fell Silene, and her Bisters fair, 
 
 Skill'd in destruction, spread the viscous snare. 
 
 ,.'."'.' 
 
 Haste, glittering nations, tenants of the air, 
 Oh, steer from hence your viewless course afar! 
 If with soft words * * * * 
 The three dread syrens lure you to their toils, 
 Limed by their art, in vain you point your stings, 
 In vain the efforts of your whirring wings ! 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 The general character of this genus is, a calyx of one 
 leaf, swelling; petals five; with erect, narrow claws, the 
 length of the calyx; bordered with a membrane, capsule su- 
 perior, imperfectly three celled, bursting at the top; seeds 
 numerous, kidney-shaped, attached to a central receptacle. 
 
 There are varieties of pink white, purple, and variegat- 
 ed flowers. They are hardy, herbaceous, annual and peren- 
 nial plants. 
 
 CEDAR. 
 
 Juniperus. 
 
 Juniperus, an ancient Latin name; of whose meaning 
 or derivation, no account is given. 
 
 The Juniperus Virginiana, Virginian Juniper, or Red 
 Cedar native of North America, the West India islands, 
 and Japan. The wood of this tree is celebrated for its pow- 
 erful fragrance, and for resisting the attacks of insects; being 
 the well known red cedar used in lead pencils, &tc. It is the 
 most common of its genus in the United States. The foliage 
 is evergreen, numerously subdivided, and composed of small 
 sharp scales, enchased in one another. The flowers are small 
 and inconspicuous: no corolla, only a calyx. The seeds are 
 small, ovate berries, bluish when ripe, and covered with a 
 white exudation. From these berries the spirituous Gin is 
 prepared. 
 
 CHINA ASTER; or, STARWORT. 
 
 Jlster Chinensis. 
 
 (For Jlster, see American Starwort.) 
 The China Jlster has the largest and handsomest flow- 
 ers of any of this genus. Flowers, single and double, white, 
 blue, purple, red, and variegated, blue and white. Height 
 from eighteen inches to two feet; a well known annual 
 plant. Leaves ovate, angular, toothed, petioled; calyx ex- 
 panding, leafy, terminal; disk yellow, floscules of the ray, 
 broad and long; seeds ripened in autumn. 
 
 CHINESE CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
 
 Chrysanthemum Indicum. 
 Chrysanthemum, from Chrusos, the Greek for gold, 
 
 and Jlnthos, a flower a generic name given to these plants, 
 because the species most familiar to the Greeks produced 
 flowers of a gold colour. This shows the error of forming 
 the generic name of plants from the colour, when the same 
 species may present all the colours of the rainbow. 
 
 The Indian, or Chinese Chrysanthemum, was introduced 
 into Europe as early as 1764. There are already thirty vari- 
 eties of it. It may now be considered a hardy perennial 
 plant. The varieties differ in the shape of their leaves; some 
 having their serratures much deeper cut than others. The 
 greater number have an odour resembling that of the chamo- 
 mile flower. Stem somewhat woody, two or three feet high, 
 much branched: leaves alternate, and serrated; upper sur- 
 face deep green; lower, soft to the touch, and clothed with a 
 slight down: Jlowers large, solitary, terminating the branch- 
 es: calyx common, hemispherical, imbricated: corolla com- 
 pound, radiated: receptacle naked. 
 
 CLOVER RED. 
 
 Trifolium. 
 
 Trifolium, the Triphullon of the Greeks Trefle of the 
 French; from which last is more immediately derived our 
 Trefoil: names, all expressive of the same idea, of three 
 leaves, or leaflets, growing on one stalk. 
 
 Clover, E. more properly claver. Dutch klaver. The 
 word is no doubt from the Saxon word clozfcr, to cleave, from 
 the appearance of the cloven leaves. Johnson. 
 
 Clover-grass Saxon clsefer-wyrt, clover-wort. Dutch 
 klaver. The D. word signifies a club. The name signifies 
 club-grass, club-wort. Latin clava, a club, from its flower. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 The desert with sweet claver fills, 
 
 And richly shades the joyful hills. 
 
 Sandys, see Johnson. 
 
 The different species of Trefoil always contract their 
 leaves at the approach of a storm : hence these plants have 
 been termed the husbandman's barometer. 
 
 To live in clover, is to live luxuriously, or in abund- 
 ance. 
 
 The purple or red Trefoil, or Clover T. Pratense, with 
 terminal spikes of numerous flowers, their petals united at 
 the base, and combined with the filaments : calyx hairy, ten- 
 ribbed, much shorter than the corolla; a sweet but faint 
 scent; blooms all the summer through, from May to Septem- 
 ber: affording an abundant return of profit to those who have 
 the industry to attend properly to its cultivation. It is a 
 well known biennial, perennial plant, of the artificial grass 
 kind, whose roots are apt to decay after they have perfected 
 their seed; it is, therefore, necessary to be diligent in crop- 
 ping, or mowing it, when it begins to flower: the roots then 
 send up new shoots, whereby the plant is continued longer 
 than it would naturally do. One acre of red or broad clover 
 will go as far in feeding cattle, as three or four of natural grass. 
 The best clover-seed is that where the purple colour chiefly 
 prevails. 
 
 Pliny designates clover as the sweet and honeyed Lotus. 
 "The field clover that grew in Campagne, about Rome, the 
 bees, you know, are very fond of it." 
 
Shamrock, is the Irish name for three-leaved grass, or 
 Trefoil. 
 
 Saint Patrick, (the tutelar saint of Ireland,) is said, while 
 preaching to the pagan Irish, to have used the Trefoil, or 
 Shamrock, to explain the doctrine of the Trinity; which so 
 operated on their conviction, that a sprig of this grass is ever 
 since worn by the Irish, on the anniversary of the saint, com- 
 memorative of the event. 
 
 The order of St. Patrick, was instituted by George III., 
 in 1783. The badge of this order is a saltier red, on a field 
 azure, surrounded with a Shamrock, or Trefoil vert, charged 
 with three imperial crowns, or within a garter; on which is 
 the motto quis separabit " who shall separate them." The 
 whole is surrounded by a star of silver, with eight points; all 
 which is embroidered, and worn on the outer garment of the 
 knights of the order. 
 
 CRESTED AMARANTH; or, COCK'S COMB. 
 Celosia Cristata. 
 
 Celosia, the generic name of this singular plant, is de- 
 rived from the Greek x>i xsc;, brilliant, or x >txea!, to entice, or 
 enchant. The English name Cock's comb, and the French 
 Crete de Coq, is given on account of the resemblance which 
 the crested head, or mass of flowers, bears to the crest, or 
 comb of a cock. 
 
 It is a native of Asia: cultivated to such perfection in 
 Persia, China, and Japan, that the crests, or heads of the 
 flowers, are said to be frequently a foot in length and 
 breadth. 
 
 It is an annual plant, with angular, striated st ems : leaves 
 alternate, acute, narrowed into a petiole at the base, some- 
 times a little curved: flowers so numerous and small, and so 
 closely set together, on an irregular, flattish surface, as to look 
 more like a piece of rich velvet, than a vegetable substance, 
 sometimes branched at the base. The form of the crests are 
 so variable as seldom to give two of the same shape. The 
 colours, orange-yellow, bright red, purple, white, and some- 
 times variegated. 
 
 COLUMBINE. 
 
 JlquUegia. 
 
 Jlquilegia, from Jlquila, an Eagle; the nectaries being 
 fancied to resemble an Eagle's talon. 
 
 Columbine, from Columba, a Pigeon from a supposed 
 resemblance the same parts of the flower bear to the head of 
 a Pigeon. 
 
 Some etymologists are of opinion, that the name of Jlqui- 
 legia is given to this plant, because the leaves, when not fully 
 expanded, collect and gather a great deal of rain water. 
 
 Darwin tells us that in Jlquilegia (or Columbine) the 
 nectary is imagined to be like the neck and body of a bird, 
 and the two petals standing upon each side to represent wings, 
 whence its name of Columbine, as if resembling a nest of 
 young pigeons fluttering whilst their parent feeds them. [See 
 his note upon Lonicera.] 
 
 The roots are perennial. Flowers of various colours, 
 purple, blue, red, white, &c. 
 
 The dark blue or purple-flowered, Jl. vulgaris, common 
 Columbine, about three feet high, is of European growth. 
 
 The Jl. Canadensis, red flowering Columbine, is a na- 
 tive of North America, from Canada, to Carolina: and was 
 carried from Virginia to Europe by Tradescant. It is a more 
 graceful and delicate plant than the purple. Its very slender 
 stems are reddish. Corollas, yellow within, and red with- 
 out. Lower leaves biternate, irregularly divided, the extreme 
 lobes blunt; the upper lobes simply ternate, toothed, or per- 
 fectly entire: the uppermost, simple, lanceolate, acuminate. 
 
 CONVOLVULUS; 
 Or, Bind Weed. 
 
 Convolvulus, perhaps from Convolve, to wrap or wind 
 about, to envelope, to encompass as many of the species are 
 twining. 
 
 Indigenous in Europe, America, and the Indies. 
 
 The Convolvulus opens and closes its monopetalous 
 flower with folds similar to those of a parasol, and are never 
 expanded at night, or in wet weather, in order that the anthers 
 and stigma may be guarded from the humidity of the air. 
 
 Convolvulus, expand thy cup-like flower, 
 Graceful in form, and beautiful in hue! 
 
 Barton. 
 
 u Flowers, which shrinking from the chilly night, 
 Droop and shut up; but, with fair morning's touch 
 Rise on their stems, all open and upright." 
 
 The character of this genus is a five-cleft calyx, bell, or 
 funnel-shaped corolla, plaited border generally spreading, 
 more or less five lobed. Leaves, heart-shaped. 
 
 ARKANSA. COREOPSIS. 
 Coreopsis tinctoria. 
 
 Coreopsis, from the Greek xo ? i ; , a bug, and ejr;i ? , ap- 
 pearance; alluding to a fancied resemblance between the 
 seed and an insect. 
 
 Tinctoria, from the Latin tinctura, a colour or dye. 
 
 Jlrkansa, indicates the situation from whence it was 
 taken by Professor Nuttall. 
 
 Mr. Pastie of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris, 
 advances the new hypothesis, that it is of more consequence 
 (in a medical point of view) to know the exact natural situa- 
 tion of a plant, than knowing the genus. He observes, that, 
 all plants which grow on high cold grounds have a tonic and 
 stimulating power, whilst those are found to have a contrary 
 quality, which are natives of opposite situations. 
 
 (Sec Mauri's Botany.) 
 
 The Jlrkansa Coreopsis, is a very pretty slender grow- 
 ing annual, of from two to three feet high. Flowers terminal. 
 Petals wedge-shaped, generally three-toothed at the point, 
 the middle tooth longest, and often notched, of a bright golden 
 colour, with a dark crimson spot at the base. Florets of the 
 disk black-purple; but the styles and stigma being yellow, 
 occasion the outer rim, when the florets are expanded, to ap- 
 pear yellow. 
 
* 
 
 COWSLIP. 
 Primula. Fens. 
 (See Primrose.) 
 
 Primula veris, sulphur coloured Cowslip. 
 Called Cowslip, as some think, from their odour resem- 
 bling the breath of a cow; or, perhaps, from their growing 
 much in pasture grounds, and often meeting the cow's-lip. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 The blossoms of the P. veris (or common European 
 Cowslip) communicate their aromatic fragrance, and narcotic 
 quality, to made wines, which thence have a resemblance to 
 the Muscadel wines of the south of France. 
 
 > For want of rest, 
 
 Lettuce and Cowslip wine : probatum est. Pope. 
 
 Thy little sons 
 
 Permit to range the pastures; gladly they 
 
 Will mow the Cowslip posies, faintly sweet, 
 
 From whence thou artificial wines shall drain 
 
 Of icy taste, that in mid fervours, best 
 
 Slack craving thirst, and mitigate the day. Philips. 
 
 The flowers of the Cowslip are frequently mixed with 
 tea, to give it a flavour. The leaves were formerly eaten 
 in sallad. Flora Historica. 
 
 How cheerful along the gay mead 
 
 The Daisy and Cowslip appear. Milton. 
 
 Pale Primrose, in whose cup 
 
 The pearly dew glitters. B. Barton, 
 
 The uncommon beauty of the American Cowslip, or 
 JWeadia, occasioned Linnaeus to give it the generic name of 
 Dodecatheon, and Dr. Mead to affix his name to it. 
 
 Dodecatheon, is derived from two Greek words signify- 
 ing twelve and a divinity. An old name for the Cowslip, 
 supposed to signify the twelve heathen gods. Or, as some 
 suppose, to allude to the twelve Caesars, who were comme- 
 morated in the circle of twelve flowers, or thereabouts, com- 
 posing its umbel. The idea is rather far-fetched, and the Cae- 
 sars, for the most part, were unworthy of any such elegant 
 commemoration. However this may be, Linnaeus retained 
 the appellation for a new genus, akin to the Cowslip, which 
 had been called J\Teadia, after Dr. Mead, a name, which 
 Linnaeus rejected as unworthy for generic, though he pre- 
 served it in the specific one. 
 
 The only species described is the Meadia, which is a na- 
 tive of Virginia. A hardy perennial, that bears the severest 
 cold, flowering in June. When it was first sent to England, 
 it was raised from the seed, by Mr. Peter Collinson, and the 
 leaves proved so like those of the lettuce, that he apprehended 
 some mistake, till the beautiful powers came forth. 
 
 CROCUS. 
 
 Crocus, a Latin name> translated by Ainsworth, a Saf- 
 fron j" also "the yellow chives in the midst of flowers." 
 
 Saffron, the x e oxs of the Greeks Crocus, of the La- 
 tin Zajffbran, or Zah afaran, of the Arabians, (from which 
 last, according to Skinner, comes its English name of Saffron,) 
 and Carcom, of the Hebrews, who held it in much estima- 
 tion. It has been greatly celebrated in ancient times, both 
 by physicians and poets. 
 
 We are told that the Saffron of the shops, is the odorous 
 aromatic stigmas of the Crocus sativus, or officinalis, a na- 
 tive of Greece, and Asia Minor. Which, since its introduc- 
 tion into England, has been called Saffron-Walden, because 
 formerly cultivated chiefly near or about the town of Walden. 
 
 It is mentioned in Solomon's Song, iv. 14. 
 
 Fabulous history derives the name Crocus, from a youth 
 of that name, who was consumed by the ardour of his love 
 for the nymph Smilax, and, afterwards, changed into the 
 flower bearing his name. 
 
 Crocus, and Smilax,* may be turn'd to flow'rs, 
 And the Curetesf spring from bounteous show'rs, 
 I pass a hundred legends, stale as these, 
 And, with sweet novelty, your taste will please. 
 
 Eusdcn's Ovid. 
 
 The Crocus is one of the earliest spring flowers. 
 There is, also, an autumnal variety. The colours of the 
 flowers are purple, yellow, white, &tc. 
 
 Fair handed Spring unbosoms every grace, 
 Throws out the Snow drop, and the Crocus first. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 The general character of Crocus is a spathe transparent- 
 ly membranous, one or two-leaved. Corolla monopetalous, 
 funnel-shaped; tube very long, six-parted, superior; border 
 with six ovate oblong, nearly equal divisions. 
 
 CROWN IMPERIAL. 
 
 Fritillaria Imperialis. 
 
 Fritillaria, from fritillus, which some take for a chess- 
 board, and which, in that sense, alludes to the chequered na- 
 ture of the petals. 
 
 Fritillus, however, is used by Juvenal and Persius for a 
 dice-box, and is supposed to have expressed the rattling sound 
 of the dice. 
 
 Fritillus A dice-box to throw dice out of. 
 
 Jlinsworth. 
 
 The common Fritillaria, or chequered lily, F. JWelea- 
 gris, is regularly chequered with purple, or with different 
 whites. 
 
 Note* Smilax was also changed into a plant of the same name, said 
 by the ancients to be the Ytw Tree she having pined away for the love 
 of Crocus. Modern botanists give Smilax as the generic name of a fa- 
 mily of plants, in which the Medicinal Sarsaparilla, or Smilax Sarsa- 
 parilla, is included. 
 
 f Curetes, a people of Crete, who, according to Ovid, were produced 
 from rain. They -were also called Corybantes and were entrusted with 
 the education of Jupiter and, afterwards, made priests and favourite 
 ministers of Rhea, or Cybele. 
 
The Fritillaria is a native of Persia, and was, for some 
 time, called in Europe Lilium Persicum, but, as there was 
 already another Persian lily growing in the European gar- 
 dens, it was changed to Corona Imperialis, or Crown Im- 
 perial, by Alphonsus Paucius, Physician to the Duke of Flo- 
 rence. This title appears to have been adopted in all the 
 European languages. 
 
 Modern botanists have since bestowed the name of Fritil- 
 laria on a family of plants, of which this is, from its noble de- 
 portment and brilliancy of colouring, considered the sovereign. 
 
 " The Lily's height bespoke command, 
 
 A fair imperial flower; 
 She seem'd design'd for Flora's hand. 
 
 The sceptre of her power." 
 
 The F. Imperialis has a large scaly bulb root Herb of 
 very quick growth, fetid, two or three feet high, succulent 
 or juicy, of a fine shining green, consisting of a thick, simple, 
 straight, leafy stem. Leaves scattered, linear-oblong, twisted. 
 Flowers a circle of tulip-shaped corollas turned downwards, 
 which have the appearance of so many gay bells, the stigma 
 answering for the clapper; the whole being crowned by a 
 coma, or tuft of green leaves, gives it a singular and agree- 
 able effect. The colours most admired are the orange, 
 lemon, and brilliant red. There is a variety with variegated 
 leaves, and one with a red stem. 
 
 But to breathe fragrance on the morn, 
 Proud gorgeous flower, was never thine. 
 
 Fables of Flora. 
 
 Then heed ye not the dazzling gem 
 That gleams in Fritillaria's diadem. Evans. 
 
 COMMON CYPRESS. 
 Cupressus sempervirens. 
 
 Cupressus, from two Greek words, xua, to produce, and 
 T*i<ro; equal, alluding to the regularity of its branches. 
 
 Cypress, E. L. cupressus, from the Greek xujr(;i<nro;. 
 
 Or, according to Ovid, from Cyparissus, a Youth be- 
 loved by Apollo, who, in grief at having inadvertently killed 
 the favourite stag of his friend, requested of the Gods, that 
 his mourning might be made perpetual, and was by Apollo 
 changed into a Cypress Tree, the branches of which were 
 always used at funerals. 
 
 Himself he would have slain thro' desp'rate grief: 
 What said not Phoebus, that might yield relief ! 
 To cease his mourning, he, the boy desir'd, 
 Or mourn no more than such a loss requir'd. 
 But he, incessant griev'd : at length address'd 
 To the superior pow'rs a last request; 
 Praying, in expiation of his crime, 
 Thenceforth to mourn to all succeeding time. 
 
 * * # # 
 
 Apollo sad look'd on, and, sighing, cry'd 
 Then, be for ever, what thy pray'r imply'd; 
 Bemoan'd by me, in others grief excite ; 
 And still preside at ev'ry fun'ral rite. 
 
 Congreve's Ovid. 
 
 Amid the throng of this promiscuous wood, 
 With pointed top, the taper Cypress stood; 
 A tree, which once a Youth, and heav'nly fair, 
 Was of that deity the darling care, 
 Whose hand adapts, with equal skill, the strings 
 To bows with which he kills, and harps to which he 
 sings. Congreve's Ovid. 
 
 " The Cypress is the emblem of mourning." Shaks. 
 
 The Cypress, that darkly shades the grave, 
 Is sorrow that mourns its bitter lot. 
 
 Percival. 
 
 On account of the gloomy hue of its leaves, especially in 
 winter, it was esteemed by the ancients a suitable ornament 
 of their burial places. It was held sacred to Pluto and 
 Proserpine. 
 
 The common European Cypress, C. sempervirens, has 
 two varieties, the pyramidal, and spreading, or horizontal. 
 It is said to be a long-lived tree. According to an assertion 
 of Pliny's, there were, in his time, cypress trees growing at 
 Rome, which were more ancient than the city itself. We 
 are told, that the gates of St. Paul's church at Rome, made of 
 cypress-wood, had lasted from the time of Constantine, 1100 
 years, as fresh as new, when Pope Eugenius IV, ordered 
 gates of brass in their stead. Many of the chests which en- 
 closed the Egyptian mummies, are made of Cypress, afford- 
 ing a decisive proof of its almost incorruptible nature. The 
 wood is capable of a fine polish, and, being fragrant, it is es- 
 teemed for some species of light cabinet work. Its little 
 branches are quadrangular. Leaves imbricated in four rows, 
 obtuse, depressed, convex; strobiles globular; scales a wnless. 
 
 The American species of this genus in most estimation 
 is the C. Disticha, Deciduous Cypress sometimes called 
 Bald Cypress. It is one of the largest trees in North 
 America, being found, sometimes, seventy feet high, thirty 
 feet in circumference at the surface of the ground, and twenty- 
 six, at the height of six feet. Its branches extend almost 
 horizontally. Leaves acute, in two rows, and very near to- 
 gether on the little branches, whence they have been com- 
 pared to the leaves of Acacia. Cones larger, with stronger 
 scales than those of the common Cypress. Its wood is light, 
 fine grained, and, after being exposed to the light, of a reddish 
 colour, and very durable, Delaware, may be assumed as its 
 northern boundary. East Florida abounds in it. Cypress 
 shingles are in great estimation, and are said to last forty 
 years. 
 
 DAFFODIL. 
 Great Yellow Daffodil. 
 
 Narcissus Major. 
 
 (For Narcissus, see note on that flower.) 
 Daffodil supposed, by Skinner, to be corrupted from 
 Jlsphodelus. And Jlsphodelus is defined by Ainsworth, to 
 be the Daffodil of two sorts, white and yellow. 
 
 The Flora Historica tells us that " this flower was 
 evidently considered a kind of Lily by early writers, and wo 
 are of opinion that the name is a corruption of Dis's Lily, as 
 
it is supposed to be the flower dropped from the chariot of 
 that god in his flight with Proserpine." 
 
 Shakspeare, in his Winter's Tale, alludes to this story, 
 as well as to the early season in which the Daffodil appears. 
 
 " O Proserpina 
 
 For the flowers now, that frighten'd, thou let'st fall 
 From Dis's wagon; Daffodils, 
 That come before the swallow dares, and take 
 The winds of March with beauty." 
 
 Drayton, in his Pastorals, makes Daffodillies and Li- 
 lies the same: 
 
 See that there be stores of lilies, 
 (Called by shepherds, daffodillies.) 
 
 The Daffodil, and Jonquil, are varieties of the JVarcis- 
 sus, though the names are often used indiscriminately. 
 
 Narcissus Major, is a native of Spain. Common, with 
 double flowers in gardens rarely seen single. It is the 
 largest of the genus, and has the most magnificent flowers, 
 bearing its fine golden chalice, amidst petals of the same 
 colour, on a stalk two feet high. Cup of the nectary bell- 
 shaped, erect, the length of the oblong oblique petals; its 
 margin spreading, lobed, (divided) and crisped. Leaves, 
 twisted, somewhat glaucous. 
 
 DAHLIA. 
 
 Dahlia. 
 
 Dahlia, named by the late Professor Cavanilles, in ho- 
 nour of Andrew Dahl, a Swedish botanist, author of a little 
 volume of botanical observations. 
 
 There are several species of Dahlia, all natives of moun- 
 tainous parts of the Spanish settlements in South America. 
 Their flowers are large and handsome, something like those 
 of a Sun-flower, but the rays mostly red, or purple, like the 
 China-Aster, and likewise variable in this respect. The 
 herbage is coarse and rank, with compound leaves. 
 
 It is an autumnal flower; first introduced into England 
 by Lady Bute, who procured it from Madrid in the same year 
 that it had arrived from America but lost sight of till re- 
 introduced by Lady Holland, in the year 1804. The first 
 introduction marked the year when France became revolu- 
 tionized, the second, that which saw Napoleon made Em- 
 peror of the French nation. 
 
 By cultivation these flowers have had their petals dou- 
 bled and quadrupled, until they have become as full as the 
 China-Aster, whilst their colours have been even more in- 
 creased than their petals. 
 
 Gen. cha. a double Calyx; the outer of many leaves. 
 Corolla, radiant, compound, its rays equal in number to the 
 segments of the calyx; ovate, three-toothed; receptacle chaf- 
 fy; stigmas downy. 
 
 DAISY. 
 Bellis. 
 
 Sellis, Latin formed from lellus, pretty or handsome. 
 English, Daisy. R, E. 
 
 Fabulous history informs us that it owes its origin to 
 Belides, grand daughter to Danaus, one of the nymphs 
 called Dryads, that presided over the meadows and pastures, 
 in ancient times. 
 
 Belides, whilst dancing on the grass with Ephigeus, (a 
 rural Deity, whose suit she encouraged,) attracted the admi- 
 ration of Vertumnus, (the Deity who presided over the 
 spring and orchards,) and to escape from him she was trans- 
 formed into the humble plant bearing her name. 
 
 Chaucer affirms that the fair queen Jllceste, (wife of Ad- 
 metus, king of Pherae, in Thessaly,) who sacrificed her own 
 life to preserve that of her husband, was, for this admirable 
 proof of unbounded affection, transformed into this beautiful 
 flower, the Daisy. 
 
 The English name of Daisy is derived from a Saxon 
 word, meaning Day's eye, in which way it is written by Ben 
 Johnson. And Chaucer calls it the " ee of the dale ." No 
 doubt from the habit of the flower of closing its petals at 
 night; which it also does in rainy weather. 
 
 Star of the mead ! sweet daughter of the day, 
 Whose opening flower invites the morning ray. 
 From thy moist cheek and bosom's chilly fold, 
 To kiss the tears of eve, the dew-drops cold. 
 
 Sweet Daisy. Leyden. 
 
 When smitten by the morning ray, 
 I see thee rise alert and gay, 
 Then cheerful flower! my spirits play 
 With kindred gladness: 
 
 And, when at dark, by dews opprest, 
 Thou sink'st, the image of thy rest 
 Hath often eased my pensive breast 
 Of careful sadness. Wordsworth. 
 
 The little daizie, that at evening closes. Spencer. 
 
 O'er waste and woodland, rock and plain, 
 
 Its humble buds unheeded rise; 
 The rose, has but a summer reign, 
 
 The daisy, never dies. James Montgomery. 
 
 The gen. cha. of the Daisy, is, a common calyx; Co- 
 rolla, compound radiate; corollules, tubular, numerous in the 
 disk. 
 
 DANDELION. 
 Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 Leontodon, L., derived from the Greek J.SMV, XESVTO;, a 
 lion, and e J:u,-, a tooth, and so called from a similarity in the 
 shape of its jagged leaves to the teeth of a lion. 
 
 The English name Dandelion, which is a corruption of 
 dent de Lion, is expressive of the same idea, and might, pos- 
 sibly, have given rise to its botanical name. 
 
 f- The specific name, Taraxacum, or Taraxacon, is 
 a name used by the Arabians, supposed by Ambrosini to have 
 been derived from the Greek T e a>jAf, eatable, because the 
 plant to which it was applied (our Dandelion, or something 
 
nearly akin to it) was used for food. De Theis derives it 
 from the Greek T * ? a<r<ra., to move, or trouble. 
 
 Leontodon taraxacum, or common Dandelion, is escu- 
 lent its leaves, when blanched, have the taste of endive, 
 and, boiled, in their green state, is an excellent and whole- 
 some vegetable. At Gottingen, the roots are roasted, and 
 substituted for coffee. 
 
 The leaves, roots, flowers, and juice of dandelion, have 
 all been employed for medicinal purposes. 
 
 It is one of the plants that may be most certainly de- 
 pended on as to the hour of opening and closing its flowers. 
 Flora's best time-piece. The flowers of this habit are styled 
 by Linnaeus the Horologne, or watch of Flora. 
 
 " Leontodons unfold, 
 
 On the swarth turf, their ray -encircled gold; 
 With Sol's expanding beam the flowers unclose. 
 And rising Hesper lights them to repose." 
 
 She, enamoured of the sun, 
 At his departure hangs her head and weeps, 
 And shrouds her sweetness up, and keeps 
 
 Sad vigils like a cloistered nun, 
 
 'Till his reviving ray appears, 
 Waking her beauty, as he dries her tears. Moore. 
 
 Thus in each flower and simple bell, 
 
 That in our path betrodden lie, 
 Are sweet remembrancers, who tell 
 
 How fast their winged moments fly. 
 
 Charlotte Smith. 
 
 The dandelion blooms early in the spring, and continues 
 throughout the summer. 
 
 " Nor yet alone to full-robed spring confined, 
 Around her brow the crown of flame they bind, 
 But scattered still o'er summer's tawny vest, 
 Their lingering sweets regale the insect guest." 
 
 The Dandelion, has terminal, golden-coloured flowers. 
 A double calyx, imbricated, oblong. Corolla, compound, 
 imbricated, uniform; florets numerous, equal, each of one 
 petal, with five teeth. Receptacle naked, dotted. Down 
 stalked, hairy. Leaves radical, toothed, smooth. 
 
 DEW PLANT. 
 
 Mezembryanthemum. 
 (See Ice Plant.) 
 
 There are more than fifty Fig Marygolds, or Mezem- 
 bryanthemums, cultivated. Some of them have less of the 
 frosted appearance noticed in the Ice plant and are called 
 Dew plants appearing moist, and cool, as if wet with dew. 
 
 The JVf. Barbatus, Trailing Bearded Fig Marygold, is 
 one of those most common in green-houses, and even in the 
 garret window of many an humble collector. It throws out 
 its trailing stems over the flower-pot, bearing a very small 
 bright reddish purple Jlower. Leaves remote, somewhat 
 ovate, tumid, flattish above. Branches smooth, slender, 
 
 straggling. Calyx, five cleft. Petals numerous, linear, co- 
 hering at the base. 
 
 The JVf. Hispidum, is another of the Dew plants. 
 Leaves cylindrical, blunt. Branches hairy. Flowers larger 
 than the last, and of the same colour. 
 
 It will be observed that no particular species has been 
 designated, thereby giving a wider field for selection, when 
 the plant is to be used. 
 
 DOGWOOD. 
 Cornus. 
 
 Cornus, from the Greek x? via, so called from the 
 horny toughness of the wood. 
 
 Ainsworth defines Cornus, 1. The cornel tree, called 
 the dog-tree, or wild cherry. 
 
 Johnson Dogwood, a species of cornelian cherry. 
 
 There are several varieties indigenous in North Ameri- 
 ca. That designated as belonging to Virginia C. florida, or 
 Virginia Dogwood, grows to the height of from ten to twenty 
 feet. Leaves opposite, egg-shaped, acuminate, green above, 
 glaucous beneath, petioled. Flowers small, yellow; leaves of 
 the involucre two inches broad or more, greenish white, some- 
 times rose-coloured, resembling petals, a little tomentous, 
 ending in a short point, and appearing as if nipped almost 
 double near the tip, which makes them seem emarginate and 
 heart-shaped; peduncles one-flowered, forming close lateral 
 and terminal umbels. 
 
 EGLANTINE, English. EGLANTERIA, Latin. 
 European Sweet-Briar. 
 
 Rosa rubiginosa. 
 (For Rosa, see Austrian Rose.) 
 
 " Eglanteria, corrupted from the French Eglentier, or 
 Eglantier, of whose derivation we are ignorant. 
 
 Lamarck's Flora Fran$oise, has been examined in vain, 
 for the derivation, or meaning of the word Eglantier. And 
 we perceive that he has taken the orange coloured variety of 
 Rosa lutea, or Austrian Rose, for Linnxus' rubiginosa, or 
 European Sweet Briar. 
 
 We retain the name of Rosa rubiginosa for our Euro- 
 pean Sweet Briar, as being indisputably certain, peculiarly 
 expressive, and now sanctioned by Jacquin, Roth, Willde- 
 now, indeed, by general use." Rees' Enc. 
 
 Skinner, who has just been examined, offers the follow- 
 ing etymology: "Eglantine, Belgic Eghelentier, Franco. 
 Gallic, Esglantier, Jliglantier, Jlnglantine, Cynosbatus, [the 
 eglantine] the wild rose. J\linshei*$ I know not how well, 
 derives it from the Latin and Greek, Echinus, (an urchin, 
 or hedge-hog: a sea-urchin, being a kind of crab-fish, with 
 prickles instead of feet: also the rough prickly shells of ches- 
 nuts) because it is thorny. I prefer, rather, to derive it from 
 the Latin *1cidcus, (a prickle, as in thorns, herbs, burs, hedge- 
 hogs, &c.) as it were, Jlculeantinus (prickly) for it is defend- 
 ed by many thorns. It may also be speciously derived from 
 the Belgic Eghel, a hedge-hog; but it returns to the same 
 point, for this undoubtedly takes its rise from the Latin, JLcu- 
 leus (a prickle, 8tc.) and this animal is, in truth, furnished by 
 nature with prickles." 
 
 Lemon, after quoting, in part, this etymology of Skin- 
 
 -4. 
 
-*> 
 
 ner, adds, " So near was the Doctor to the true origin of this 
 word that he would not see it; for aculcus is, undoubtedly, 
 derived from (the Greek word) ax*, or X >(, (in Latin,) acies 
 (the sharp edge, or point of any thing,) whence a cus (a nee- 
 dle,) acutus (sharp) aculeus (a prickle) sharp pointed, like a 
 needle: the Sweet Briar, therefore, seems to have received its 
 name of Eglantine, from, the sharpness of its thorns." 
 
 Rubiginosa, one of its meanings is florid. 
 
 The common Sweet Briar Rose, or Eglantine, has flow- 
 ers of a sweet scent, and a full and uniform pink colour: oc- 
 casionally double, and sometimes pale, or whitish. The stem 
 branched, about a yard high, with copious, broad, strongly 
 hooked prickles, of a pale brown, all over its green branches. 
 Leaflets five or seven, of a roundish, elliptical figure, with 
 strong, double, glandular serratures; their upper surface 
 bright green, slightly hairy; the under, clothed with reddish 
 viscid glands, and delightfully fragrant. Fruit, scarlet, inter- 
 nally mealy and insipid. 
 
 There is a small-flowered Sweet Briar, R. Micrantha, 
 with paler flowers, and smaller, the least of all the British 
 Roses, that is sometimes mistaken for the JR. Rubiginosa. 
 
 Poetry is full of the fragrance of the Eglantine. 
 
 Come, gentle air, 
 
 And with the jasmine's breath divine, 
 
 Convey the woodbine's rich perfume, 
 
 Nor spare the sweet-leafed eglantine. Smith. 
 
 No, nor the leaf of Eglantine, whom not to slander, 
 Out-sweeten'd not thy breath. Shaks. 
 
 And the fresh eglantine exhaled a breath, 
 Whose odours were of power to raise from death. 
 
 Dryden's Chaucer. 
 
 ELDER. 
 
 Sambucus nigra. 
 
 Sambucus, L. from the Greek <r/j/3ox, an instrument of 
 music, in the construction of which, this tree is used, on ac- 
 count of its hardness; so says De Theis. 
 
 (See Rees' Encyclopedia .) 
 
 Elder, E., German holder, or hohlunder. It seems to 
 be named from hollowness. Webster. 
 
 The common Elder, S. Nigra, is a low bushy tree or 
 shrub, with smooth pithy branches. Leaves opposite, une- 
 qual, pinnate; leaflets generally five, smooth. Stipules, 
 scarcely any. Cymes, terminal, in five principal branches, 
 many flowered. Flowers, milk-white, fragrant, generally 
 stalked. Stamens divaricated. Berries globular , dark pur- 
 ple, sweetish, but unpleasant in the crude state. This tree 
 is, as it were, a whole magazine of physic to rustic practition- 
 ers. The inner bark, flowers, leaves, berries, all have their 
 peculiar medicinal virtues. 
 
 The Sambucus niger, very abundant in the United 
 States. 
 
 EVERLASTING. 
 
 Gnaphalium. 
 
 Gnaphalium, L. from the Greek yva$;uov, an ancient 
 Greek name; from yvap^ov, soft down or wool, alluding to 
 the wooliness of the herbage. 
 
 The Latins called it Gnaphalium, from the downy or 
 cottony nature of the leaves or stalks, which they collected 
 to fill their couches and matresses, instead of wool or flocks. 
 Pliny tells us that it was also called Chamcezelon, which sig- 
 nifies low or ground cotton; and it was sometimes named JLl- 
 binum, from the whiteness of the leaves and stalks. 
 
 The American Everlasting, or Eternal Flower, G. mar- 
 garitaceum, has white flowers. It also grows wild, in Wales, 
 and is there used to adorn the graves of the departed ; elegant- 
 ly alluding to immortality, by the unfading nature of its flow- 
 ers, and to spotless purity by their snowy whiteness. 
 
 The Everlasting flower which the French call Immor- 
 telle, the G. orientate is in such demand in Paris, ever since 
 the hill of Pere la Chaise has been converted into a ceme- 
 tery, for that city, as not only to give employment to many 
 hands in its cultivation, but numerous families are regularly 
 occupied, and entirely supported by forming these flowers 
 into garlands and crosses, which are offered for sale near the 
 entrance of burial grounds. 
 
 It is stated to be a native of Africa, therefore improperly 
 called G. orientate. Gerard styles it Golden Mother Wort, 
 or cud-weed. And he describes the flowers as standing "on 
 the top of the stalkes ioined togither in tuftes of a yellow 
 colour, glittering like gold, in forme resembling the scalie 
 flowers of Tansie." 
 
 The ancients crowned the images of their gods with gar- 
 lands made of these flowers, and, hence, they were frequently 
 called God's flowers. In Spain, and Portugal, they are still 
 used to decorate the altars, and images of saints. 
 
 As an ornament for the saloon, or head dress, the G. 
 orientate is, in modern times, frequently dyed of various 
 colours. 
 
 The general character of the flowers- of this genus, is, 
 a common Calyx, imbricated, its inner scales rounded, sca- 
 riose, coloured. Corolla compound; florets of the disk, fun- 
 nel-shaped, in five equal reflexed marginal segments. Re- 
 ceptacle, naked. 
 
 FEVER ROOT. 
 Eupatorium. 
 
 Eupatorium, from Mithridates, surnamed Eupator, 
 who is reported to have brought this plant into use, as a 
 counter poison. He was the seventh king of that name who 
 reigned over the province of Pontus in Asia Minor. His am- 
 bition and cruelty raised up many enemies; and his habit 
 was, by drinking antidotes against poison, to fortify his con- 
 stitution against their attempts to destroy him. 
 
 Eupatorium, is a large genus chiefly, though not entire- 
 ly, American. Roots perennial. Stems sometimes shrubby. 
 Leaves opposite, mostly simple, and strongly serrated. Flow- 
 ers corymbose, terminal, numerous, white, bluish, or reddish. 
 Whole plant, roughish, bitter, or aromatic. 
 
 Several of the American species are esteemed, on ac- 
 count of their aromatic and bitter qualities. Among these are 
 E. Sessitifolium, E. Perfoliatum, and E. Jlromaticum. 
 
 BALM OF GILEAD FIR. 
 
 Pinus Balsamea. 
 (For Pinus, see Pine.) 
 Pinus balsamea, is a native of Canada, Nova Scotia, 
 
.*.- 
 
 New England, and the Alleghany Mountains, in high cold 
 situations. Leaves solitary, flat, imperfectly two-ranked. 
 Cones cylindrical, erect, with short pointed scales, when full 
 grown, of a beautiful violet hue, and exuding a plenty of can- 
 died turpentine, or balsam, as does the trunk when wounded 
 Its fragrant exudation is the well known Canada balsam, 
 which some quacks celebrate as Balm of Gilead. 
 
 The stamens and pistils of all cone-bearing plants are in 
 separate flowers, either on the same, or on different plants; 
 they produce resins, and many of them are supposed to supply 
 the most durable timber, as the Cypress and Cedar. 
 
 Venice-Turpentine is obtained from the larch. San- 
 darach from the common Juniper; and Incense from a ju- 
 niper with yellow fruit. 
 
 [See Darwin's Notes to Loves of the Plants.] 
 
 FOX GLOVE. 
 Digitalis. 
 
 Digitalis, from Digitale, the finger of a glove. The name 
 given first by Fuchsius, and hence the plant is called Digita- 
 lis Fuchsii. 
 
 The D. purpurea, or Purple British Fox-glove, is the 
 species best known. It grows in various parts of Europe. 
 The Root is biennial. Stem erect, about three or four feet 
 high. Leaves large, ovate, crenate, downy. Flowers nu- 
 merous, in a long simple spike, large, crimson, sometimes 
 white, elegantly sprinkled with eye-like spots within. It is a 
 dangerous plant, from its strongly narcotic power yet a 
 valuable medicine in careful hands. 
 
 The Fox-glove on fair Flora's hand is worn, 
 
 Lest while she gathers flowers she meet a thorn. 
 
 Cowley. 
 FUCHSIA. 
 
 Fuchsia, so named by Plumier, in honour of Leonard 
 Fuchsius, a distinguished German Physician and Botanist, 
 particularly celebrated for his figures of plates. Born, at 
 Wembding in Bavaria, in 1501. 
 
 The species chiefly cultivated, are the F. Coccinea, a 
 native of Chili, S. A. It is a shrub of from three to six feet 
 high, smooth in all its parts, and much branched. Leaves, 
 two or three, rarely four, together; an inch or more in length, 
 rather distantly toothed; pale and shining beneath. Calyx 
 scarlet. Petals violet, obovate, and blunt. Stamens, and 
 style scarlet, hanging far out of the flower. Berries dark 
 purple. The young branches and leaves have the veins 
 tinged with a fine crimson colour. Although a gree"' '-house 
 plant, it will bear the open garden in a well sheltered si- 
 tuation. 
 
 The F. Triphylla, or three-leaved Fuchsia, is a native 
 of the West Indies: an herbaceous plant of more diminutive 
 growth. Leaves three together in a whorl. The Calyx 
 about an inch and a half long, scarlet, as well as the petals. 
 Berries almost globular, and rather larger than a common 
 black Currant. 
 
 GERANIUM. 
 Pelargonium. 
 
 Pelargonium, L. from the Greek n-sx^yo;, a stork, in 
 allusion to the beak of the fruit, resembling the bill of that 
 
 bird, as well as to preserve an analogy with the Geranium, 
 or Crane's Bill; the Greek word r^xvoj, signifying a Crane. 
 
 Pelargonium, embraces what are commonly known by 
 the appellation of Jlfrican Geraniums, and which, doubt- 
 less, constitute a genus clearly distinguished from the Eu- 
 ropean and American Geranium, by the irregularity of the 
 flower, and its tubular nectary, to say nothing of the number 
 of stamens. 
 
 It is the African Geranium, that is most generally cul- 
 tivated in our green-houses, for the beauty of its flowers, 
 and fragrance of its foliage. 
 
 The Crane's Bill Geranium, is of the same Class and 
 Order as Pelargonium, except that it has 10 stamens, De- 
 candria, instead of 7, Heptandria. 
 
 The only Crane's Bill Geranium, introduced into this 
 collection, is the Geranium Maculatum, or Spotted Crane's 
 Bill. An American plant of such highly medicinal virtues, 
 as to recommend it to our attention, and which ought to be 
 in every garden, being esteemed the best known styptic in 
 the whole JYIateria JWedica; having produced wonderful 
 cures when applied to wounded or ruptured blood-vessels. 
 It has not much beauty to recommend it, yet its retiring 
 and modest worth, so generally overlooked in the gay sa- 
 loon, may well be supposed to excite something like envy of 
 its more favoured rivals. 
 
 The G. JVLaculatum may be found abundantly in our 
 meadows and woods. The one with purple flowers, has 
 downy leaves, with five lobes or scollops, and these divided 
 into small indentures. The leaves of the blue, are wrinkled 
 and divided deeply into many parts or fingers. The stalks 
 supporting the delicate blue flowers, are long and slender, 
 from six inches to a foot high. They, both, have a flower 
 with a single cup, or Calyx, of five leaves. Corolla of five 
 petals ; ten stamens alternately longer and shorter; one pointal, 
 terminated by five stigmas. Fruit, five dry berries furnished 
 with a bill, each, containing a single seed, crowned with a 
 tail or awn, which rolls up in a spiral form, when the seed 
 becomes ripe. The root, which is the part used medicinally, 
 is generally crooked and knotty, blackish or reddish on the 
 outside, with a roughish taste, and aromatic flavour. 
 
 Hemlock-leaved, and Musk Crane's BUI, of this ge- 
 nus, have but five stamens. 
 
 The general character of the Pelargonium, is a Peri- 
 anth, inferior, in five deep, oblong, permanent segments, the 
 uppermost elongated at the base into a nectariferous tube, 
 running down the flower-stalk. Petals five, irregular, ob- 
 long, spreading, longer than the calyx. Filaments ten, un- 
 equal, three of them, rarely five, abortive. Fruit beaked, of 
 five aggregate capsules, each tipped with a long spiral awn, 
 bearded on the inside. The foliage of the different species 
 is too varied and multifarious for description, and too well 
 known to require it. We will therefore take our leave of 
 
 Genteel Geranium, 
 With a leaf for all that come. 
 
 Hunt. 
 
 GILLY FLOWER. 
 Cheiranthus. Incanus. 
 Cheiranthus, from the Arabic fceirt, altered by Linnaeus 
 
into a name with a Greek form, from the Greek %i, ( , a hand, 
 and KV^OS, a flower. 
 
 Incanus, from the hoary white of its branches. 
 
 Gilly-Flower, either corrupted from July-flower, or 
 from the French giroflee. (See Johnson.) 
 
 In July come gilly-flowers of all varieties. Bacon. 
 
 The Gilly-Flower is a native of the sea coast in France 
 and Spain. Cultivation has produced numerous varieties; 
 the principal ones are Queen's stock gilly-flower, with bright 
 red, or carmine coloured flowers, and the Brompton stock, 
 with large purple flowers, and the white stock; there are also 
 other varieties, as the variegated stock, 6tc. 
 
 The Root perennial, sometimes biennial. Stem, from 
 15 to 18 inches high, branched, hoary. Leaves, scattered, 
 long, soft, clothed with a short down. Flowers, sweet scent- 
 ed, four petaled, cruciform; petals roundish, longer than the 
 calyx; claws, length of the calyx. The calyx, a four-leaved 
 perianth. 
 
 The Stock Gilly-Flower, and Wall-Flower, are of the 
 same genus. 
 
 Fair is the gilly-flow'r of gardens sweet, 
 Fair is the marigold, for pottage meet. 
 
 And lavish stock, that scents the garden round. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 GOLDEN ROD, or VIRGA ATJREA. 
 
 Solidago. 
 
 Solidago, from solido, to make firm, and particularly to 
 heal a wound. From its reputed efficacy in healing wounds, 
 and other medicinal properties, it ranked among the most 
 expensive drugs, about the middle of the sixteenth century, 
 though not much in repute in modern times. 
 
 Fifty-one American species have been ascertained. 
 There is but one indigenous to Great Britain, but this is sub- 
 ject to many varieties. They are all perennial, mostly her- 
 baceous. 
 
 The flowers yellow, with very few exceptions. 
 
 " In golden armour glorious to behold." 
 
 Several species of the Tree Golden Rod, have been 
 brought from St. Helena, with white flowers. 
 
 "Nor shines the silver Moon one half so bright 
 Through the transparent bosom of the deep." 
 
 The name "Golden Rod, or Virga Aurea," suggested 
 the emblem, as well as the illustrations attached to the flower; 
 as also, the following note from the first edition of Flora's 
 Dictionary. 
 
 " Le Gendre tells us, that in the first race of the French 
 Kings the sceptre was a golden rod, almost always of the 
 same height with the king who bore it, and crooked at one 
 end, like a crozier." The sceptre is an ensign of royalty, of 
 greater antiquity than the crown. 
 
 Mercury's famous Caduce, or Wand, is called Virga. 
 That Wand, which was supposed to possess the power of 
 deciding controversies, composing differences, raising the 
 dead, &c. 
 
 The Caduceus found on medals, is a common symbol, 
 signifying good-conduct, peace, and prosperity. The rod ex- 
 presses power, the two serpents, prudence, the wings, dili- 
 gence. 
 
 GRAPE VINE. 
 
 Vitis Vinifera. 
 
 Vitis, a Vine, usually derived from vieo, to bind with 
 twigs, to hoop, to bend, to tie up in allusion to the flexibili- 
 ty of its branches. " De Theis traces it to the Celtic Gwid, 
 a tree or shrub, as being the chief, or best of trees. Gwin, 
 is the name for wine, in the same language ; from whence 
 comes, evidently enough, the Greek word for wine Oivo ; , La- 
 tin Vinum, English Wine." Rees' Enc. 
 
 The specific name Vinifera, L. is from Vinea, a vine, 
 or Vinum, wine. 
 
 The English name Grape, is from the root of grab, 
 gripe, and signifies primarily a cluster or bunch. Welsh 
 grab, a cluster, a grape. French grappe de raisin, a bunch 
 of grapes. Webster. 
 
 Bacchus, the God of Wine, who first taught the use of 
 the Vine, is represented crowned with Vine and Ivy leaves. 
 
 According to Pliny, he was the first who ever wore a 
 crown. 
 
 The Fig-tree, Ivy, and Yew-tree, were also sacred to 
 him. 
 
 Let dimpled mirth his temples twine, 
 With tendrils of the laughing vine. 
 
 Scott. 
 
 According to Plutarch, the Grape Vine sprang from the 
 blood of the Giants, who having made war on the Gods, had 
 perished in battle. The Egyptians never drank wine; they 
 held the liquor to be the blood of the giants; nor did they 
 offer it in libations, thinking it odious to the Gods. 
 
 [See Beloe's Herodotus, Euterpe.'] 
 
 Nor were the Gods, themselves, more safe above; 
 Against beleaguer'd heav'n the Giants move. 
 Hills pil'd on hills, on mountains mountains lie, 
 To make their mad approaches to the sky. 
 Till Jove, no longer patient, took his time 
 Tj r avenge, with thunder, their audacious crime; 
 Red lightning play'd along the firmament, 
 And their demolish'd works to pieces rent. 
 Singed with the flames, and with the bolts transfix'd, 
 With native earth, their blood the monsters mixt. 
 
 Dryden's Ovid. 
 
 The Vitls Vinifera, or common Grape Vine, is found 
 naturalized at least, in most parts of the more temperate 
 climes of the globe. The cultivated Vine, sports an endless 
 variety, in the shape, colour, and flavour of the fruit. The 
 Flowers are very numerous, small, green, and with a fra- 
 grance resembling that of the Mignonette. 
 
GRASS. 
 
 Gramen, or Gramma. 
 
 The Latin word gramen is supposed to be derived from 
 gradiens, going or proceeding along, in allusion to the great 
 increase of many of these plants by their creeping roots. 
 Linnseus has remarked that " Grasses are the most general of 
 plants, constituting almost a sixth part of all the vegetables 
 on our globe. 1 ' 
 
 Grass, E. from the Greek x e rTi;, definition gramen L. 
 (grass) foenum L. (hay.) Hence (says Schrevelius) the 
 English word grass. This Greek word xe<rn;, is also put 
 as a theme, or etymon, that is, an original, and not a deri- 
 vative, nor compound word. Schrevelius adds, it is the 
 same as grastis, and defines grastis, gramen (L.) deriving it 
 from ygxa (Gr.) because it is the food of cattle. 
 
 The verb y ? (Gr.) is defined to eat, and is conjugated 
 yt*<, ye*<, ty-fxra "whence, perhaps, the English to graze, 
 to feed on herbs." 
 
 The creeping roots of grasses, or gramina, are mostly 
 fibrous, rarely tuberous, or bulbous. They consist of nume- 
 rous joints and knots, each of which has its bud, capable of 
 producing a new stem, and the more they are separated by 
 the heavy tread of cattle, the more they multiply. The more 
 their herbage is cropped, the better they thrive, and extend 
 themselves the more under ground. In confined and woody 
 places they scarcely creep, but grow erect. The Author of 
 Nature has protected these plants, by giving them such hard 
 stems, while they are perfecting, their seed, that cattle cannot 
 readily attack them in that state. 
 
 Some species of grass, which, in moist situations, emit 
 fibrous roots alone, will, in more uncongenial and dry ones, 
 form bulbs, whereby a reservoir of nutriment is secured 
 against the occurrence of an irregular supply of the juices 
 for its sustenance. 
 
 The roots of large trees, also, in unpropitious situations, 
 have been observed to vary their natural mode of growth, 
 most materially, in conformity with their need of nourish- 
 ment. 
 
 There are upwards of three hundred species of Grasses 
 in which are included the Rye, Barley, Wheat, Oat, &tc. 
 They are distinguished by their narrow tapering leaves 
 their cylindrical or hollow stems, which are jointed, or sepa- 
 rated into distinct portions by knots. 
 
 They were first divided into Corn and Grasses, but the 
 former differ from the latter, merely, in the greater size of 
 their seeds, which compose the basis of our aliment, as the 
 smallest of the grass-seeds nourish small birds. 
 
 The Roman crown of grass or herbs found on the 
 ground in the place besieged, was given by common consent 
 of the soldiers, to generals who had delivered a Roman army 
 besieged by the enemy, and obliged him to decamp. It was 
 called Corona Graminea obsidionalis. 
 
 About his temples grass they tie, 
 
 Himself that so behaved, 
 In some strong siege by the enemy 
 
 A city that had saved. Drayton. 
 
 In Herodotus, we find Grass the symbol of Submission. 
 
 " Amongst the ancient Nations of the West, to show that 
 they confessed themselves overcome, or that they surrender- 
 ed at discretion, they gathered some Grass, and presented it 
 to the conqueror. By this action they resigned all the claims 
 they possessed to their country. In the time of Pliny, the 
 Germans still observed this custom. 
 
 (See note to 4 Book, Melpomene.) 
 
 HAWTHORN. 
 
 Cratsegus. 
 Jl. Mespilus. 
 
 Mespilus, from the Greek pta-nt^, the Medlar tree. 
 
 Hawthorn, from the Saxon hag-thorn, or hedge-thorn, 
 a species of Medlar; the thorn that bears haws; the white- 
 thorn. (See Johnson and Webster.) 
 
 Cratxgus, from the Greek xe*T.yo ; , definition the wild 
 service tree. 
 
 In commencing our examination of this plant, we are re- 
 ferred to Cratxgus, for a description of the Hawthorn. Un- 
 der this article there are several species described, which 
 are, also, to be found under the article Mespilus, to which 
 we are referred for the Class, Order, &tc. Mespilus, is 
 therefore (as I understand it) the generic name, embracing 
 all the varieties of Medlar and Hawthorn; and Cratsegus 
 confined to the Hawthorn. 
 
 The Mespilus is native to America, and Europe, and 
 varies, in height, from a shrub, to a tall tree. That which pro- 
 duces the smallest leaves is preferred for hedges, because its 
 branches grow close together. The thorns of the whole ge- 
 nus are long and sharp. 
 
 " The Cratxgus of Linnaeus, is distinguished from his 
 Mespilus, solely by the former having but two styles, and, 
 occasionally, on the same tree some flowers with but one; 
 while the latter has five." They are sometimes mentioned 
 as the same tree. 
 
 Men have gatherM from hawthorn's branch 
 Large medlars, imitating crowns. 
 
 Phillips. 
 
 The fruit of the Medlar is said to be eatable only when 
 age or decay has mellowed it. 
 
 Rotten ere half ripe, 
 And that's the right virtue of the medlar. Shaks. 
 
 Haw, the berry, or seed of the hawthorn, is also noticed. 
 
 The seed of the bramble with 'kernel and haw. 
 
 Tusser. 
 
 Store of haws and hips portend cold winters. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 The fruit of the Medlar, is generally brown, or red- 
 dish; that of the Hawthorn, scarlet, yellow, or red. The 
 flowers of both, white; sometimes doubled in the Hawthorn, 
 and rose coloured; as in the common Hawthorn, Cratsegus 
 Oxycanthus. 
 
 Now hawthorns blossom, now the daisies spring. 
 
 Pope. 
 The hawthorn whitens. Thomson. 
 
HEART'S EASE. 
 
 Viola Tricolor. 
 (For Viola, see Violet.) 
 
 Viola tricolor, or Pansy Violet, from the French pen- 
 see, thought. 
 
 And there are Pansies, that's for thoughts. 
 
 Shaks. Hamlet. 
 
 And thou, so rich in gentle names, appealing 
 To hearts that own our nature's common lot; 
 
 Thou, styl'd by sportive fancy's better feeling, 
 ". thought," "the Heart's Ease," or "Forget me 
 not." Barton. 
 
 And faith that a thousand ills can brave, 
 Speaks in the blue leaves, Forget me not. 
 
 Percival. 
 
 And the Pansy freakt with jet; 
 The glowing violet. Milton. 
 
 The V. Tricolor, is a beautiful variety of the violet) 
 differing from it, in the variety of its colouring, the petals 
 being chiefly yellow, variegated with black and purple. Its 
 fragrance is very inferior, and too weak to be regarded in 
 a single flower. It is a native of Europe, North America, 
 &c. The root is annual, but it renews itself readily from the 
 scattering seeds, so as to keep up a continual bloom all the 
 year; even in the depths of winter, in a warm situation, it 
 may be seen beautifully contrasted with the white snow, 
 which surrounds it. 
 
 There are many varieties of the blue and purple Heart's 
 Ease to be found all over North America. I cannot forbear 
 giving in the Bard's own beautiful language the fanciful origin 
 of its colour. 
 
 I saw 
 
 Flying between the cold Moon and the Earth, 
 Cupid all arm'd; a certain aim he took 
 At a fair vestal, throned by the west; 
 And loos'd his love-shaft smartly from his bow, 
 As it should pierce a hundred thousand hearts: 
 But I might see young Cupid's fiery shaft 
 Quench'd in the chaste beams of the wat'ry Moon; 
 And the Imperial vot'ress passed on, 
 In Maiden meditation, fancy free. 
 Yet mark'd I where the bolt of Cupid fell: 
 It fell upon a little western flower, 
 Before milk-white; now purple with Love's wound, 
 And Maidens call it Love in Idleness. 
 The juice of it, on sleeping eye-lids laid, 
 Will make or Man or Woman madly doat 
 Upon the next live creature that it sees. 
 
 Shaks. Mid. JV. Dream. 
 
 In gardens oft a beauteous flow'r there grows, 
 
 By vulgar eyes unnoticed, or unseen 
 
 In sweet security it humbly blows, 
 
 And rears its purple head to deck the green. 
 
 This Flower, (as Nature's Poet sweetly sings,) 
 Was once milk-white, and Heart's Ease was its name, 
 Till wanton Cupid poised his roseate wings 
 A vestal's sacred bosom to inflame. 
 
 With treacherous aim the God his arrow drew, 
 Which she with icy coldness did repel 
 Rebounding thence, with feathery speed it flew, 
 Till on this lovely flow'r at last it fell. 
 
 Heart's Ease no more the wand'ring shepherd found, 
 No more the Nymphs its snowy form possess 
 Its white now changed to purple, by Love's wound, 
 Heart's Ease no more, 'tis " Love in Idleness." 
 
 Mrs. R. B. Sheridan. 
 
 HELIOTROPE; or, TURNSOLE. 
 Heliotropium. 
 
 Heliotropium, L. from the Greek >ixic;, the sun, and 
 re-a-oj, to turn, " because," says Dioscorides, " it turns its 
 leaves round with the declining sun." 
 
 This flower has been confounded with the Helianthus, 
 or Sun-flower, but is of a different genus. Both have had 
 ascribed to them the property of turning towards the sun, 
 and following his course round the horizon. A property not 
 confined to these flowers alone, as other plants do the same, 
 in a more or less degree, particularly when confined in a 
 room, turning the shining surface of their leaves, and bend- 
 ing their whole branches to catch the light. 
 
 It is surprising that two flowers so unlike, as the Sun- 
 Flower and Heliotrope, should ever have been mistaken 
 for each other. The blossoms of the Sun-Flower are too 
 well known to need a description here; those of the Helio- 
 trope, are very small, delicate, fragrant blossoms, generally 
 of a faint purple colour, or white, sometimes red, and bluish 
 white. It is made to be yellow, and confounded with the 
 Sun-flower in the following lines 
 
 Browne. 
 
 What yellow, lovely as the golden morn, 
 The lupine, and the heliotrope adorn. 
 
 The snowy rose is there 
 
 A silver moon, the heliotrope a Sun! 
 
 Jlndrein's -Adam. 
 
 The fabulous account of the origin of the Heliotrope, is, 
 that Clytia (daughter of Oceanus) being deserted by Apollo, 
 with whom she was enamoured, pined away, and was changed 
 into a flower commonly called sun-flower, which still turns 
 its head towards the Sun, in his course, as in pledge of her 
 love. Ovid says of her 
 
 All day, all night, in trackless wilds, alone 
 She pin'd and taught the list'ning rocks her moan. 
 On the bare earth she lies, her bosom bare, 
 Loose her attire, dishevell'd is her hair. 
 
 * * # # 
 
 She turn'd about, but rose not from the ground, 
 Turn'd to the Sun, still as he roll'd his round : 
 
On his bright face hung her desiring eyes, 
 
 Till fix'd to earth, she strove in vain to rise. 
 
 Her looks their paleness in a flow'r retain'd, 
 
 But here and there, some purple streaks they gain'd. 
 
 Still the lov'd object the fond leaves pursue, 
 
 Still move their root, the moving Sun to view, 
 
 And in the Heliotrope the Nymph is true. 
 
 Eusden's Ovid. 
 
 The Heliotrope is a native of warm climates; growing 
 in India, Peru, the West Indies, South of Europe, kc. With 
 us, it is a green-house plant of the shrubby, and herbaceous 
 kinds, with annual, and biennial roots. Calyx of one leaf, 
 tubular, with five segments, permanent. Corolla of one pe- 
 tal, salver shaped, five cleft, with intermediate teeth: its 
 mouth without valves. Seeds naked. 
 
 HELLEBORE. 
 Helleborus. 
 
 Helleborus, L. The ixiu^oj, ,uix.*s of Dioscorides. 
 The name most probably derived from ,^ stv (Gr.) to kill, and 
 git*, food, or fodder, in allusion to the poisonous qualities for 
 which it has been famous throughout antiquity. (Accord- 
 ing to Bergeret, it is derived from the river Eleborus.) 
 
 The Black Hellebore was used by the ancients to purify 
 their houses, and to hallow their dwellings. By strewing or 
 perfuming their apartments with this plant, they believed that 
 evil spirits would be expelled or driven away. 
 
 By the witches' tow'r 
 
 Where Hellebore and hemlock seem to weave 
 Round its dark vaults a melancholy bow'r, 
 For spirits of the dead at night's enchanted hour. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 We find it, in the Materia Medica, prescribed for hy- 
 pochondria and mania. Burton notices it in his "Anatomy of 
 Melancholy." 
 
 " Borage and Hellebore fill two scenes, 
 Soveraigne plants to clear the veins 
 Of melancholy, and cheer the heart 
 Of those black fumes which make it smart ; 
 To clear the brain of misty fogs, 
 Which dull our senses, and soul clogs; 
 The best medicine that ere God made 
 For this malady, if well assaid." 
 
 Dainty young thing 
 Of life! Thou vent'rous flower 
 Who growest through the hard, cold bower, 
 Of wintry spring. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 Thy fancied bride 
 The delicate snow-drop keeps 
 Her home with thee; she wakes and sleeps 
 Near thy true side. 
 
 J. R. Prior. 
 
 It should never be allowed a place in the kitchen garden, 
 
 since fatal accidents have arisen from mistaking its root for 
 that of the horse radish. 
 
 The H. Niger, or Christmas rose, blooms in mid-win- 
 ter, and few plants are more elegant. The flower is some- 
 thing like the dog-rose white on first opening, afterwards 
 with a blush of pink, and finally greenish. The foliage a 
 dark and shining green; leaves pedate, luxuriant. The root 
 perennial, externally very dark consisting of a roundish 
 head, about the size of a nutmeg; from which short, articulat- 
 ed bunches arise, sending out numerous corrugated fibres, 
 about the thickness of a straw, from a span to a foot in length, 
 deep brown outside, white or yellow within, and of an acrid 
 nauseous taste. 
 
 Native of the south of Europe. In our gardens a hardy 
 shrub. 
 
 The Hellebore Qfficlnalis, the true Hellebore of the 
 ancients. The roots very like the H. Niger the leaves 
 twice the breadth, and truly pedate. The flower-stalks do 
 not rise above the leaves, but are branched, bearing five or 
 six drooping, concave, white Jlowers, turning purplish as 
 they fade. Corolla deciduous. 
 
 The North American H Trifolius, or small three-leaf- 
 ed Hellebore, with twice ternate leaves, and green flowers, 
 is a very pretty plant. 
 
 The H. Hyemalis, Winter Hellebore, or Yellow Win- 
 ter Aconite, a little herbaceous plant, with a yellow Jlower, 
 whose petals are deciduous: native of Germany, Switzer- 
 land, and France; common in our gardens, and forming a 
 beautiful contrast with the snow drop which blooms about 
 the same time. 
 
 We are told that the powder of Black Hellebore given 
 as snuff, has cured diseases of the eyes; particularly that call- 
 ed Nyctalopia, in which the eyes become periodically dim, 
 usually from sunset till sunrise the next morning. 
 
 Of this plant Juvenal sarcastically observes: 
 
 " Misers need a double dose of Hellebore." 
 
 Bright as the silvery plume, or pearly shell, 
 The snow-white rose, or lily's virgin bell, 
 The fair Helleborus attractive shone, 
 Warm'd every sage, and every shepherd won. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 HIBISCUS. 
 Venetian Mallow, or Flower of an Hour. 
 
 Hibiscus Trionum. 
 (For Hibiscus, see JHthsea.) 
 
 The specific name Trionum. There is a T^IOVOV in 
 Theophrastus, said to be one of the Mallow tribe; like the 
 Hibiscus in question, whose leaves, having three lobes, are 
 supposed to sanction the present application of this name. 
 
 Bees' Encyclopedia. 
 
 The species constituting the genus Hibiscus, are a nu- 
 merous tribe of the largest and finest plants of the Malva- 
 ceous order. 
 
 The Hibiscus Trionum, beautiful Venetian Mallow, or 
 Flower of an Hour, is a European species, and one of the 
 few that are annual. It is commonly cultivated for the ele- 
 gance of its flowers, which are large, sulphur coloured, with 
 
five purple external stripes, and a violet eye, beautifully con- 
 trasted with the yellow anthers. The purple hairy stigmas, 
 too, are remarkable; as well as the bladdery hisped inner ca- 
 lyx. It has a double calyx the outer .permanent, inner of 
 one leaf, cup-shaped, five cleft half way down, permanent. 
 Petals five, narrow at the base, spreading. Leaves in three 
 deep divisions, cut, somewhat pinnatifid. 
 
 There is a plant of mildest hue, 
 Whose modest visage charms the eye, 
 Which blooms as fair as tho' it grew 
 Beneath a purer, holier sky. 
 
 As mellow as the Moon's soft beam 
 On ocean's mirror'd breast arrayed, 
 Swifter it passes than a dream, 
 And blossoms only but to fade. 
 
 Thus Beauty lights the Maiden's face, 
 
 With all her mildest chastest rays, 
 
 When searing age comes on apace, 
 
 And leaves no mark of former days. S * * n. 
 
 HOLLY. 
 
 Ilex. 
 
 Ilex appears to be an original Latin word. Johnson 
 derives the name Holly from Holegn, Saxon, for a Tree. 
 Webster from Holegn, (Saxon,) the Holm tree, of the genus 
 Ilex. Ainsworth defines Ilex to be "a kind of oak tree, 
 called by some Holm: the Scarlet Oak, the Holm Oak." 
 
 Skinner suggests that the Saxon for Holly, Holegn, is 
 compounded of Hoi, all; and Ergc, sharp point, because it 
 is all sharpened, or pointed with thorns. 
 
 The Ilex of the Latin has become, in the Italian, Elice. 
 See Baretti's Dictionary. 
 
 The Holly is a beautiful evergreen tree, several species 
 of which are abundant in North America. It also grows in 
 many parts of Europe, Japan, &c. There is one species, na- 
 tive of West Florida, called South Sea Tea, the Ilex Vomi- 
 toria, held in great estimation by the Indians, who make a 
 tea of the leaves, and account it very wholesome: and it is 
 almost the only physic they use in those parts. The plant is 
 supposed to be the same with that of Paraguay, where the 
 Jesuits make a great revenue from the leaves. 
 
 The Holly is a tree of singular beauty, sometimes rising 
 to the height of twenty or thirty feet, with shining prickly 
 leaves and white flowers, which grow in clusters round the 
 branches, and are succeeded by berries of a bright scarlet 
 colour, containing four very hard seeds. The leaves form a 
 grateful food to many animals: but Nature has armed them 
 for self-defence against these depredators, in their sharp 
 prickles. And it is curious to observe, that the thorny leaves 
 only grow on the lower part of the tree, where they are most 
 liable to be destroyed; and that those above, out of the reach 
 of horses and cattle, have smooth leaves, as if conscious that 
 there they might repose in safety. 
 
 Four of the giant brood with Hex stand, 
 Each grasps a thousand arrows in his hand; 
 
 A thousand steely points on every scale, 
 Form the bright terrors of his bristly mail. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 The bark of the common Holly, I. aquifolium, when 
 fermented and then washed from the woody fibres, constitutes 
 the common bird lime, a material somewhat similar to the 
 elastic gum, or Indian rubber. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK, or ROSE-MALLOW. 
 Jllcca rosea. 
 
 Jllcea, from the Greek Axxn, strength, aid, on account 
 of its reputed medicinal properties, for which it was formerly 
 held in great esteem. 
 
 Ainsworth defines Jllcea, a kind of wild Mallow ; marsh 
 mallow. 
 
 Hollyhock, its derivation may be traced to the Saxon 
 language; the old name of Holy oak, being the same as Holi- 
 Jiec, Saxon. 
 
 The Hollyhock is a native of China, Africa, Madras, 
 Istira, Siberia, &c. Pliny speaks of this flower in the fourth 
 chapter of his twenty-first book, where he describes it as a 
 rose growing on stalks, like a mallow. The colour of the 
 flowers is accidental, and the double flowers are only varieties 
 proceeding from culture. It is an autumnal flower of which 
 the Bees are fond. 
 
 From the nectaries of Hollyhocks 
 The humble Bee, e'en till he faints, will sip. 
 
 H. Smith. 
 
 The flowers of this genus have a double Calyx, each one- 
 leafed, the outer, cut half way into six parts, permanent, and 
 very spreading; the inner, cut half way into five parts, larger, 
 and permanent. The Corolla consists of five spreading pe- 
 tals, coalescing at their base. This description is of the 
 single flowered. Seed flat, kidney-shaped. 
 
 HONESTY, or SATIN FLOWER. 
 
 Lunaria. 
 
 Lunaria, from Luna, the Moon, so named on account 
 of the broad orbicular shape of its sUique, and its silvery semi- 
 transparent nature, which discovers those seed-vessels that 
 contain seed, from such as have none; from which last, it de- 
 rives its English name of Honesty. 
 
 Ainsworth defines Lunaria to be Moon- Wort, a kind 
 of herb used by old women for love-potions. 
 
 It was in high repute among the credulous of former 
 ages, as a bewitching, or enchanting herb. And we learn 
 from Chaucer that Lunaria was one of the plants used ID 
 incantations. 
 
 Then sprinkles she the juice of rue 
 
 With nine drops of the midnight dew, 
 
 From Lunary distilling. Draytorfs Jfymphia. 
 
 Enchanting Lunary here lies, 
 
 In sorceries excelling. Drayton. 
 
 This genus of plants is herbaceous, annual, biennial, 
 
and perennial. Natives of Germany, Switzerland, fcc. They 
 sometimes grow to the height of three or four feet. Flowers, 
 crimson, lilac, &tc. Sometimes fragrant. Corolla, cruciform, 
 of four equal, large, undivided, obtuse petals, as long as the 
 Calyx, each tapering down into a claw of the same length. 
 Calyx, of four ovate oblong cohering leaves, of which two 
 opposite ones are pouched, or bagged at the base. 
 
 HONEY FLOWER. 
 
 Melianthus. 
 
 Melianthus, L. from the Greek ^KI, honey, and avS-o;, 
 a flower, so named from the abundance of honey which flows 
 from M. Major, in particular, which, if shaken whilst in 
 flower, distils a shower of nectar. 
 
 There are only three species noticed in the Encyclope- 
 dia. The M. Major, with flowers in a long spike, springing 
 from between the leaves towards the top of the stalks, of a 
 brown, or chocolate colour. The M. Minor, flowers, six 
 or eight in a cluster, very ornamental, variegated with green, 
 yellow, and red, or pink. And the M. Comosus, flowers, in 
 pendant clusters, on short stalks, of a yellow colour. These 
 are all natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Roots perennial: 
 growing to the height of from three to four feet. 
 
 HONEYSUCKLE; or, WOODBINE. 
 
 Lonicera, 
 
 Lonicera, so named by Liunxus, in honour of Jldam 
 Lonicer, an old physician and naturalist, who lived about the 
 middle of the sixteenth century: born at Marburg, 1528, lived 
 at Frankfort, and died at the age of fifty-eight. He publish- 
 ed two volumes, folio, in Latin, upon the Materia Medica; 
 and a German Herbal, with wooden cuts, which are occasion- 
 ally to be met with rudely coloured. 
 
 The English name Honeysuckle, is called, in Latin, 
 Caprifolium; first definition in Johnson, Woodbine, the 
 plant. 2d. The flower, or blossom, of the Woodbine. 
 " Woodbine that beareth the Honeysuckle." 
 
 "A Honeysuckle 
 
 The amorous Woodbine's offspring." 
 
 (See Johnson.) 
 
 Caprifolium is derived from the Latin Caprea, a branch 
 that putteth forth tendrils; and folium, a leaf, 
 
 Caprea, also signifies a roe, a deer, a gazelle. The 
 French name for the Lonicera Caprifolium, is Chcvrefeu- 
 ille, said to be derived from the Latin Caper, or Capra, a 
 goat; and folium, a leaf. We are also told that goats are 
 remarkably fond of the leaves of the Honeysuckle. 
 
 Woodbine Latin, Periclymenon; English, Honey- 
 suckle. (See Johnson.) 
 
 Periclymenon, L. derived from the Greek *- P .x;u,usi>oi<, 
 from -i%i, about, and xvKtai, to roll around. 
 
 L. Caprifolium, in the Encyclopedia, designates a spe- 
 cies called Pale perfoliate Honeysuckle, native of Great 
 Britain. Leaves deciduous; the uppermost united and per- 
 foliate. Flowering in May or June, in England. Stem 
 shrubby, woody, turning. Branches nearly opposite, round, 
 
 smooth. Almost all the leaves are combined, elliptical, ob- 
 tuse, entire, smooth, rather glaucous beneath; the upper ones 
 in united perfoliate pairs, somewhat orbiculate accompanying 
 the flowers. Flowers in whorls, ringent, terminal, spread- 
 ing, yellowish, with a flesh-coloured tube, very fragrant. 
 Berries of an orange red, crowned by the almost entire 
 calyx. 
 
 L. Periclymenon, Common Honeysuckle, or Woodbine, 
 native of Europe, flowering in June, July, and occasionally 
 in the Autumn. Stem and branches similar to the last. 
 Leaves opposite, on very short foot-stalks, elliptical, entire, 
 sometimes pubescent, glaucous beneath. Flowers in a ter- 
 minal head, spreading in a radiate manner, yellowish-white, 
 and blush-coloured, very fragrant, and particularly so, early 
 in the evening. Berries red, crowned with a five-toothed 
 calyx, bitter, with a sweetish flavour. 
 
 A remarkable variety sometimes occurs with sinuated, 
 variegated leaves, called the Oak-leaved Honeysuckle. 
 
 The flowers of the genus Lonicera, have five-cleft calyx. 
 Corolla of one petal, tubular; tube oblong, gibbous; limb in 
 five revolute segments, one of which is more deeply se- 
 parated. 
 
 A Honeysuckle on the sunny side, 
 
 Hung round the lattices its fragrant trumpets. 
 
 Landon. 
 
 Copious of flowers, the Woodbine pale and wan, 
 But well compensating her sickly looks 
 With never cloying odours, early and late. Cowper. 
 
 The Wild Honeysuckle, Jlzalea, is a splendid genus of 
 shrubs, abundant in North America: to be found, also, in the 
 East Indies. 
 
 JLzalea, is derived from the Greek ufa^co;, dry, from its 
 growing in a dry soil. Its flower resembles that of the Honey- 
 suckle, or Lonicera, but is much larger and richer in its 
 hues. Some of the species are delightfully fragrant. JV*a- 
 tural order different from Lonicera, as will be seen in 
 Glossary. 
 
 HOUSTONIA. 
 
 Named by Linnaeus after Dr. William Houston, F. R. 
 S., resident for several years in the West Indies. He visited 
 the Spanish Main, from whence he sent various seeds to 
 Europe, between the years 1728 and 1732. Some engrav- 
 ings of flowers, by his own hand, were purchased by Sir Jo- 
 seph Banks, who printed and liberally distributed an edition 
 of them. 
 
 There are several varieties of the Houstonia, natives of 
 North America as the H. Cserulea, H. Purpurea, Etc.: a 
 genus of pretty little delicate plants that cover our fields in 
 the early spring, with their small brilliant pale blue, or almost 
 white flowers, with a yellow eye, jasmine like, but scentless; 
 produced all the summer long. Each flower grows on a 
 slender, simple, naked, smooth stalk, only a few inches high. 
 The perianth half superior, of four small upright permanent 
 teeth. Corolla of one petal, funnel-shaped; tube much 
 longer than the calyx, cylindrical, slightly dilated at the top; 
 limb in four deep, roundish or elliptical spreading segments. 
 
Leaves from half an inch to an inch long, entire, smooth, 
 rough-edged, rather acute; the radical ones obovate, stalked; 
 stem-leaves opposite, much narrower; roots fibrous and pe- 
 rennial. If the least attention be paid, it flowers perpetually. 
 It has been transplanted to the European green-houses; but 
 with us it is so common and so abundant, that it is left in quiet 
 possession of its native fields, where it flourishes in unambi- 
 tious contentment. 
 
 Its four-cleft petal forms a Maltese cross, and its yellow 
 anthers, also, form a cross in the centre, looking like a tiny 
 drop of gold set in pearls. 
 
 How often, modest flower, 
 I mark thy tender blossoms, when they spread, 
 Along the turfy slope, their starry bed, 
 
 Hung heavy with the shower. Pertival. 
 
 Sweet flower, thou tell'st how hearts 
 As pure and tender as thy leaf, as low 
 And humble as thy stem, will surely know 
 
 The joy that peace imparts. Same. 
 
 The popular names of Houstonia, are Dwarf Pink, 
 Bluets, Innocence, and sometimes American Daisy, (al- 
 though it has none of the botanical characteristics of the Bel- 
 Us,) from its humble growth, its simple beauty, and general 
 diffusion over the United States, covering and adorning our 
 fields, as does the European Daisy in its own climate, and 
 like it, an endeared little flower, and universal favourite. 
 
 HYACINTH. 
 
 Hyacinthus. 
 
 Hyacinthus, a name adopted from the ancient Greeks, 
 who applied it to the flower supposed to have sprung from 
 the blood of Hyacinthus, son of Amyclas, founder of the city 
 of Amyclffi. He was a favourite with both Apollo and Zephy- 
 rus, but his preference of the Sun to the Winds, excited the 
 jealousy of Zephyrus, who caused his destruction, by sending 
 a puff of wind to change the course of a quoit thrown by 
 Apollo, so as to fall upon the head of the young Hyacinthus 
 and deprive him of his life. 
 
 He was afterwards changed by Apollo into a flower bear- 
 ing his name. 
 
 You when alive, were Phoebus' darling boy; 
 
 # * # * 
 
 Yet this he gave; as oft as wintry rains 
 Are past, and vernal breezes soothe the plains, 
 From the green turf, a purple flow'r you rise, 
 And with your fragrant breath perfume the skies. 
 
 ***** 
 
 Thy name my lyre shall sound, my verse shall tell; 
 And to a flow'r transform'd unheard of yet, 
 Stamp'd on thy leaves, my cries thou shall repeat. 
 The time shall come prophetic I foreknow, 
 When join'd to thee, a mighty chief* shall grow 
 And with my plaints his name my leaf shall show. 
 
 Ajax. 
 
 While Phoebus thus the laws of fate reveal'd, 
 Behold the blood which stain'd the verdant field, 
 Is blood no longer; but a flow'r full blown, 
 A lily's form it took ; its purple hue 
 Was all that made a difference to the view. 
 Nor stopp'd he here; the god upon its leaves, 
 The sad expression of his sorrow weaves; 
 And to this hour the mournful purple wears 
 Jli, Jli, inscrib'd in fun'ral characters. OzilVs Ovid. 
 
 Another fabulous account of the flower, is, that it sprung 
 from the blood of Jljax Telamonius, who slew himself in a 
 rage, when the arms of Achilles were adjudged by the Greeks 
 to his rival, Ulysses. And it is described by Ovid, as a. pur- 
 ple flower in this instance, also. 
 
 The fruitful blood produc'd a flower which grew 
 On a green stem, and of a purple hue: 
 Like his, whom unaware, Apollo slew: 
 Inscribed in both, the letters were the same, 
 But those express the grief, and these the name. 
 
 [See Death of Jljax. 
 
 As poets feign'd from Ajax streaming blood 
 Arose, with grief inscribed, a mournful flower. 
 
 Young's Night Thoughts. 
 
 tell in what delightful region springs 
 
 The flow'r that bears inscrib'd the names of kings.* 
 
 Virgil's Eclogues. 
 
 Great differences have arisen amongst commentators 
 Concerning this plant of the ancients, which we cannot pre- 
 sume to settle, but there seems no paramount authority for 
 the application of the name in question to our common gar- 
 den Hyacinth. [See Rees* Encyclopedia. 
 
 The garland of Flora tells us that the classical flower, 
 is a species of Martagon Lily, and decides it to be the red 
 JMartagon lily quoting Martyn, as observing " that most 
 Martagons are marked with many spots of a darker colour 
 than the flower itself; which often run together so as to form 
 the letters Jli as the ancient hyacinth is represented." 
 
 1 have searched in vain for the origin of the word JWar- 
 tagon; all that I can find said of it, is, that Gerard, who 
 wrote in 1596, in speaking of a lily brought ''many dales 
 iourneis beyond Constantinople," which he calls Lilium Bi- 
 zantinum, " the red lilie of Constantinople," tells us, that he 
 had two other smaller kinds of lilies growing in his garden, 
 which, at that time, bore the name of J\Iartagon, which seems 
 to have been given to these kinds of lilies by Matthiolus. 
 
 The Martagon, is elsewhere represented as a species of 
 lily red or yellow, with dark spots, or blotched. Flowers 
 pendulous, or hanging downwards. This agrees with the 
 Hyacinth, whose bell flowers of the form of the lily, and only 
 inferior in size, are suspended by a short peduncle, or flower 
 stalk. The Martagon lily has a disagreeable scent, but the 
 Hyacinth a delightful odour. 
 
 * From Pitt's Virgil " of Kings The flower here meant is the 
 Hyacinth, which, as it is said to spring from the blood of Jljax, was 
 marked *4. I." 
 
Now tell your story, hyacinth; and show 
 Jli, Jll, the more amidst your sanguine wo. 
 
 Calendar of Nature, G. ofF. 
 
 " Or that red flower whose lips ejaculate 
 
 Wo." Garland of Flora. 
 
 Camus,* reverend sire, went footing slow, 
 His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge, 
 Inwrought with figures dim, and on the edge, 
 Like to that sanguine flower, inscribed with wo. 
 
 Milton's Lycidas. 
 
 The Martagon, of classic honours vain, 
 Bears on his brow the gory spotted stain. 
 Still darkly graved on each returning bloom 
 The moans of Phoebus, and the Hero's doom. 
 
 Dr. Evans. 
 
 The Flora Historica remarks that " some authors sup- 
 pose the red Martagon lily to be the poetical Hyacinth of 
 the ancients, but this is evidently a mistaken opinion, as the 
 azure colour would decide and a blue Martagon will be 
 sought in vain. Pliny describes the Hyacinth, as having a 
 sword grass leaf, and the scent of the grape flower, which 
 agrees with the Hyacinth, but not with the Martagon." 
 Upon the whole, it appears to be an affair not easily decided. 
 
 The drooping pendulous growth of the Hyacinth is allu- 
 ded to in the following lines: 
 
 The melancholy hyacinth, that weeps 
 All night and never lifts an eye all day. 
 
 The languid hyacinth who wears 
 
 His bitter sorrow painted on his bosom. 
 
 Hurdis. 
 
 G. of Flora. 
 
 And for their grateful perfume, we have 
 
 There were 
 
 Hyacinths, with their graceful bells, 
 Where the spirit of odour dwells. London, G. F. 
 
 Breathe o'er the hyacinth bells 
 Where, every summer, odour dwells. L. E. L. 
 
 The sad blue, or purple colour, is noticed by PercivaL 
 
 " A hyacinth lifted its purple bell 
 
 From the slender leaves around it; 
 
 It curved its cup in a flowing swell, 
 
 And a starry circle crowned it; 
 
 The deep blue tincture that robed it, seem'd, 
 
 The gloomiest garb of sorrow, 
 
 As if on its eye no brightness beamed, 
 
 And it never in clearer moments dreamed, 
 
 Of a fair and calm to-morrow." 
 
 The colours for mourning are various, in different coun- 
 tries; and for each there is an assigned reason. 
 
 In Europe, the ordinary colour for mourning is black 
 denoting the privation of life; as being the privation of light. 
 
 In Turkey blue or violet denotes mourning. Blue, as 
 expressing the happiness which it is hoped the deceased en- 
 joy; and purple, or violet, sorrow on the one side, and hope 
 on the other, as being a mixture of black and blue. Kings 
 and Cardinals always mourn in purple. 
 
 In China, it is white; supposed to denote purity. 
 
 The ancient Spartan and Roman Ladies mourned in 
 white; and the same colour obtained formerly in Castile, on 
 the death of their Princes. The last time it was used was 
 in 1498, at the death of Prince John. 
 
 In Egypt, yellow is the mourning colour, denoting that 
 death is the end of human hopes; as leaves when they fall, 
 and flowers when they fade, become yellow. 
 
 In Ethiopia, brown, the emblem of mourning, denotes 
 the earth, whither the dead return. 
 
 The memory of the lamented Hyacinthus was kept 
 alive by annual solemnities called Hyacinthia, celebrated at 
 Amycla? in Laconia, which lasted three days. The first day 
 was devoted to mourning for Hyacinthus, the other two were 
 spent in games and festivals in honour of Apollo, and in allu- 
 sion to the fabulous origin of this favourite flower, by the 
 death of the youth, while Apollo was engaged in one of these 
 games. 
 
 Nor are the Spartans, who so much are fam'd 
 For virtue, of their hyacinth asham'd; 
 But still with pompous wo, and solemn state, 
 The hyacinthian feasts they yearly celebrate. 
 
 OzilFs Ovid. 
 
 The English Hyacinth, non scriptus, commonly called 
 harebell, from the bell- shape of its flowers, and from its being 
 found so frequently in those thickets most frequented by 
 hares, is of a clear blue, occasionally seen with a pure white 
 corolla. It has been scarcely less celebrated than the poetic 
 hyacinth. Shakspeare's magic pen is alone sufficient to give 
 it the stamp of celebrity. 
 
 With fairest flowers 
 
 Whilst summer lasts, and I live here, Fidele, 
 I'll sweeten thy sad grave: thou shall not lack 
 The flower that's like thy face, pale Primrose, nor 
 The azure harebell, like thy veins. Shaks. 
 
 In the lone copse, or shady dell, 
 Wild cluster'd knots of harebells blow. 
 
 Char. Smith. 
 
 stands. 
 
 The poetical name of the river Cam, on which Cambridge 
 
 The harebell, for her stainless azured hue, 
 Claims to be worn by none but those are true. 
 
 W. Browne. 
 
 Dioscorides tells us, that the root of this flower will pro- 
 cure hair on bald, and beardless men. 
 The cottage children call it blue bell. 
 
*- 
 
 Bluebell ! how gayly art thou drest, 
 
 How neat and trim art thou, sweet flower; 
 
 How silky is thy azure vest, 
 
 How fresh to flaunt at morning's horfr! Mrs. Robinson. 
 
 Gerard calls this plant blue harebell, or English Jacint, 
 which is evidently from the French Jacinthe. The term non 
 scriptus, was applied by Dodonasus, because it had not the Jli, 
 Jli, on the petals, and, therefore, could not be the Hyacin- 
 thus Poeticus. F. Historica. 
 
 The garden Hyacinth, H. Orientalis, has numerous va- 
 rieties, all without a Calyx. Corolla of one petal, bell-shaped; 
 limb in six reflected segments. Nectary three pores near 
 the summit of the germen. Frequently doubled. 
 
 HYDRANGER; or, CHINESE GUELDER ROSE. 
 Hydrangea Hortensis. 
 
 Hydrangea, L. from the Greek v ?i, water, and yyov, 
 a vessel; in allusion to the pitcher-like shape of the seed 
 vessels. 
 
 The specific name Hortensis, L. pertaining to, or grow- 
 ing in gardens. 
 
 A native of the East cultivated in the gardens of China 
 and Japan, from whence it was introduced into England, by 
 Sir Joseph Banks, in 1790. 
 
 This plant is nearly allied to Viburnum and Sambucus. 
 Soon after its introduction into England, it was observed that 
 some of the plants produced flowers of a fine blue colour, 
 from cuttings taken from the rose coloured varieties. Some 
 conjectured it was caused by oxyd of iron ; others, that it 
 originated from salt, or saltpetre, being accidentally mixed 
 in the earth. It was also observed, that a cutting from the 
 rose coloured variety, that had been planted in the soil of the 
 heathy common, mixed with a portion of turf ashes, produced 
 blue flowers. The owner of this plant, a poor cottage- 
 woman, refused ten guineas for it, being unwilling to part 
 with a plant that had been reared by a child whom she had 
 lost; but she gladly sold cuttings from it, all of which pro- 
 duced flowers of the original rose colour, having been planted 
 in common garden soil. 
 
 In our own country, the rose-coloured Hydranger has 
 been made to bear blue flowers, when fed with marsh mud, 
 as has been tested a few miles below Annapolis, on Back- 
 river. 
 
 We find this flower made emblematical of a boaster, 
 whose vaunting words resemble the abortive flowers large 
 and showy, without being followed by suitable results. 
 
 Flowers in clusters, terminal, of a beautiful rose-colour, 
 inodorous, green when young, as well as in decay. Corolla 
 of five petals, equal, roundish, larger than the calyx, which 
 is of one leaf, superior, five-toothed, small. Leaves elliptical, 
 serrated, very smooth, veiny, curved backwards. Root 
 fibrous, much branched, whitish. Stems erect, shrubby. 
 Branches opposite, leafy, green, speckled with dark purple 
 spots, flowering at the top. 
 
 JASMINE, WHITE. 
 Jasminum Ojfficinale. 
 
 Jasminum, L. from the Greek laa-/**, a fragrant ointment, 
 or perfume, alluding to the sweet scent of the flowers. 
 
 Jasminum, a genus containing plants of the hardy and 
 tender, deciduous, and evergreen, shrubby kinds: rarely 
 double, with varieties of white, or yellow flowers. Our com- 
 mon white Jasmine, is a native of the East, hardy, but not 
 evergreen. 
 
 Jasmines, some like silver spray, 
 Some like gold in the morning ray; 
 Fragrant stars, and favourites they. 
 
 Indian Bride. 
 Garland of Flora. 
 
 The Jassamine, with which the queen of flowers, 
 To charm her God, adorns his favourite bowers; 
 Which brides, by the plain hand of neatness drest, 
 Unenvied rival! wear. Churchill. 
 
 The flowers of this genus have a perianth of one leaf, 
 inferior, tubular, oblong; its margin five-toothed, and erect. 
 Corolla of one petal, salver-shaped; its segments from five to 
 eight. 
 
 CAROLINA YELLOW JASMINE. 
 
 Bignonia. 
 
 Bignonia The flowers of this genus so named by 
 Tournefort, in honour of the Jlbbe Bignon. 
 
 Jerome Bignon was born at Paris, in 1590. He was 
 esteemed a prodigy of literature. About the age of ten, while 
 acting as page to the young Prince of Conde, he published 
 " A description of the Holy Land," which was esteemed to 
 be more accurate than any then extant. And, at the age of 
 fourteen, composed, for the use of the young Duke of Ven- 
 dome, a " Treatise on Roman Antiquities." These works 
 were mere compilations; but at the age of fourteen, he also 
 composed an original work, entitled " Election of the Popes," 
 which displayed a degree of erudition, that surprised the most 
 learned men of the age. By Henry IV. he was appointed 
 page of honour to the Dauphin, afterwards Louis XIII. Upon 
 the death of Henry, he withdrew from Court, but continued 
 to write, and to publish several works of celebrity. 
 
 Cardinal Richelieu, although not his friend, appointed 
 him Royal Librarian. Queen Anna of Austria, during her 
 regency, availed herself of his advice on many interesting oc- 
 casions; and he was employed in various delicate negotiations. 
 He died at the age of sixty-seven; having maintained, through 
 life, a character universally respected and esteemed for his 
 piety, and useful services to his country. 
 
 Bignonia, Trumpet-flower; or, Scarlet Jasmine. Big- 
 nonias are trees, or shrubs, inhabitants of the hot climates 
 of the East and West Indies, and eminently beautiful. 
 Flowers in panicles, large and handsome, of various colours, 
 red, blue, yellow, or white. Rees' Encyclopedia. 
 
 The common Catalpa, Bignonia Catalpa, is a beautiful 
 tree of this genus, indigenous to South Carolina, Sec. Catalpa 
 is an Indian name. The seeds of this tree are said to be 
 
fatal to poultry. Honey-bees do not feed on the nectar of 
 these flowers. 
 
 Rees tells us that Bignonia Sempervirens, C. Yellow 
 Jasmine, does not belong to this genus, according to JVfar- 
 tyn, but to that of llsanthus. Upon examination, lisanthus 
 is found to be of the class and order Pentandria JWonogy- 
 nia: Natural order Rotacese Linn. Gcntianse Juss. 
 
 The Carolina Yellow Jasmine, Bignonia Sempervi- 
 rens, grows, naturally, in South Carolina, where it spreads 
 over the hedges, and, at the season of flowering, perfumes the 
 air to a great distance. It is also found in some parts of Vir- 
 ginia called Yellow Jasmine, probably from the odour of its 
 flowers. So says Rees. 
 
 Leaves simple, lanceolate, stem twining; rising with 
 slender stalks, to a considerable height, with single oppo- 
 site leaves at every joint, that remain green throughout the 
 year. 
 
 The general character of the flowers of the class Big- 
 nonia, is a perianth, one-leafed, erect, cup form, five-cleft. 
 Corolla monopetalous, campanulate; tube small, the length 
 of the calyx; throat very long, ventricose beneath, oblong- 
 campanulate; border five-parted, the two upper divisions re- 
 flex, lower patulous; stamens four, two longer than the other 
 two: pistulum germ oblong; style filiform, stigma capitate. 
 
 ICE PLANT. 
 
 JVesembryanthemum Crystallimum. 
 Mesembryanthemum is a vast genus of succulent plants, 
 formerly known by the name of Ficoides, from its affinity to 
 the Indian fig, or Cactus. Breynius* first named it Mesem- 
 bryanthemum, meaning to express its flowers expanding at 
 mid -day; which is true of many of the species, but not of all. 
 Dillenius,t therefore, by altering one letter in the orthography, 
 had recourse to another etymology, from J^Iesos, the middle; 
 embruon, an embryo; and anthos, a. flower because the 
 embryo (meaning the germen) is in the middle of the flower. 
 He observes, that the flower does not altogether stand on the 
 top of the fruit, but is perforated, as it were, by the latter; 
 whilst it so closely adheres to the middle, as not to be se- 
 parable from it without laceration. We confess our predilec- 
 tion for the original idea of Breynius: the refulgent and ra- 
 diating petals of some of this genus, seem to welcome, as 
 well as to emulate, the noon-tide sun, folding themselves up 
 as it withdraws. Rees 1 Encyclopedia. 
 
 The Mesembryanthemum, Cristattinum, or Ice Plant, 
 
 * All that is said of Breynius, in Rees' Encyclopedia, is, that a 
 South-sea plant was named Breynia, in commemoration of a father and 
 son of the same name, (Jacquin Breynius,) both celebrated Botanists. 
 
 f John James Dillenius, one of the most celebrated Botanists of the 
 18th century; especially for his knowledge of Mosses, and their allies. 
 He was a German, born at Darmstadt, in 1687. In 1721, he was per- 
 suaded to settle in England, by William Sherard, once Consul at Smyr- 
 na; who, afterwards, endowed a Professorship of Botany, at Oxford 
 giving, for this purpose, the sum of 13,000. This Professorship was be- 
 stowed upon Dillenius. 
 
 A magnificent East Indian genus of plants was, by Linnaeus, named 
 Dillenia, in honour of him : "because" (to use Linnaeus' own words) 
 " it is of all plants the most distinguished for the beauty of its flower 
 and fruit, like Dillenius among Botanists." 
 
 is a well known tender annual, much admired for appearing 
 as if frosted over, or encrusted with frozen dew. This ap- 
 pearance is caused by innumerable little bladders in the cuti- 
 cle, filled with a limpid juice: to the touch the whole herb is 
 cold, and remarkably flaccid. Its stem spreads widely on the 
 ground, bearing numerous broad undulating leaves, alternate, 
 ovate, waved, papillary; flowers nearly sessile, copious, of a 
 pale rose-colour; fruit dark purple. 
 
 JONQUIL. 
 
 Rush-leaved, or Common Jonquil. 
 
 Narcissus Jonquilla. 
 
 (For Narcissus, see note on that Flower.) 
 
 Jonquil, E. Fr. Jonquille; It. giunchiglia, giunco; 
 
 L. Juncus, a rush, and It. giglio, a lily. It is sometimes 
 
 called the rush leaved daffodil. Webster. 
 
 The Jonquil is distinguished from the other species of 
 Narcissus, by its rush-like foliage, and hence its name, 
 which is derived from juncus, rushy. Gerard, and old 
 writers, call it " the rush Daffodil," and Narcissus Junci- 
 folius. 
 
 The Rush-leaved Jonquil, is a favourite species, gene- 
 rally cultivated in a single and double state, for the sake of 
 its rich and powerful perfume. It is said to be a native of 
 Spain. Its narrow rushy leaves, at once distinguish it from 
 the other varieties of Narcissus. The Flowers are of a gol- 
 den yellow, scarcely more than half the size of N. Poeticus, 
 whose form they most resemble; the cup being very short and 
 crenate, or notched, and the petals elliptical, spreading wide- 
 ly their sides somewhat deflexed, or bent downwards. The 
 number of flowers is from three to six, and they droop, in 
 some degree, though less than the nodding Jonquil or N. 
 nutans. 
 
 IRIS. 
 
 Iris, so named from the various, and somewhat concen- 
 tric hues of the flower, which give an idea of the rainbow. 
 The modern Greeks call it x f ivov, a lily the French Lis or 
 Fleur-de-lis. 
 
 We are, also, told that the ancients named this plant 
 after Iris, the messenger of the gods, and more particularly 
 of Juno. She is represented with wings variegated with all 
 the beautiful colours of the rainbow, sitting behind her mis- 
 tress, ready to execute her commands. 
 
 " The various Iris Juno sends with haste." Ovid. 
 
 She is, likewise described as supplying the clouds with 
 water to deluge the world. 
 
 Then clad in colours of a various die, 
 Junonian Iris breeds a new supply 
 To feed the clouds. 
 
 Dryden's Ovid. 
 
 The genus Iris, contains plants of the fibrous, tuberous, 
 and bulbous-rooted, flowery, herbaceous, perennial kinds. 
 With flowers of every colour. The Calyx, a spathe of two 
 valves, separating the flowers, permanent. Corolla, in six 
 
deep segments, united into a tube by their narrow base; 
 the three outermost reflected, the three inner, erect, and most 
 acute. 
 
 Nor Iris, with her glorious rainbow clothed, 
 So fulgent, as the cheerful gardens shine, 
 With their bright offspring, when they're in their bloom. 
 
 ColumeUa. 
 
 The Iris claims connexion with the lilies, and often 
 passes under their name, notwithstanding botanical laws. 
 The blue Iris of Persia, is the most fragrant. 
 
 About the middle of the 12th century, Louis the 7th of 
 France, when about to undertake the second crusade, chose 
 the Iris flower for his blazon. It was, hence, called Fleur 
 de Louis, Louis' flower, and afterwards contracted to Fleur 
 de Luce, and again into Fleur-de-lis, or lily flower, although 
 it has no affinity to the lily. 
 
 The number of Fleur-de-lis, used in emblazoning the 
 arms of France, were reduced to three, in the reign of 
 Charles the 6th, about the year 1381. 
 
 IVY. 
 
 Hedera. 
 
 Ivy, E. Saxon, \fig; German, epheuj a parasitic plant 
 of the genus Hedera. Webster. 
 
 Hedera, according to some etymologists derived from 
 Hzedus, a kid, because it was given to goats by the ancients.* 
 We are also told that it is called in the Greek Hissos, from 
 Cissos a favourite of Bacchus, whom poets fable to have been 
 transformed into this plant, and hence it became sacred to 
 that God, who is represented crowned with Vine, and Ivy 
 leaves. In Egypt it was consecrated to Osiris, which some 
 say is another name for Bacchus. 
 
 The Ivy formed the crown of the Roman Poets. In 
 modern times, woman's love, constancy, dependence, &.C., 
 have been expressed by it. 
 
 The Hedera helix, common European Ivy , is that so 
 celebrated for its picturesque effect upon old buildings, trees, 
 8tc., to which it attaches itself by short fibres. The whole 
 plant has a peculiar aromatic flavour. The evergreen leaves, 
 dark, with white veins, upper ones, ovate, lower, five-lobed, 
 all standing on foot-stalks. Flowers green, of many umbels, 
 forming a corymbus. Calyx very small perianth, five tooth- 
 ed. Petals five, dilated at the base, their tops incurved. 
 Berries globular, black, mealy within. 
 
 A jolly 
 
 Verse, crown'd with ivy and holly, 
 That tells of winter's tales and mirth, 
 That milk-maids make about the hearth. 
 
 Robt. Herrick. 
 
 LABURNUM. 
 
 Cytisus Laburnum. 
 
 Cytisus, a shrub said by Pliny, to be found in the island 
 of Cythnus, one of the Cyclades, whence its name. 
 
 Jlinsworth. 
 
 *The reason given why the Corf was sacrificed to Bacchus, was on ..^ 
 
 account of the great propensity of that animal to destroy thp..f%8. - 
 
 "' "i , s *" 
 
 Laburnum, probably from Laborenum, fertile grounds 
 in Italy, between Puteoli and Cumse, in the road to Capua. 
 
 The lexicographers give me no aid in the etymology of 
 this word. 
 
 The C. Laburnum is a native of Austria, Switzerland, 
 &c. Its wood is hard and valuable. Hares and rabbits are 
 particularly fond of its leaves and bark; but its seeds are 
 said to be bitter and poisonous. The flowers yellow, papili- 
 onaceous; calyx one-leafed, bell shaped, two lipped; leaves 
 ternate; stem shrubby and thornless. 
 
 There are several species of Cytisus one with purple 
 flowers, C. Purpureus, an elegant Austrian species, now 
 much cultivated: another, resembling the weeping Willow, 
 in its drooping boughs, &tc. 
 
 " When the dark-leafed Laburnum's drooping clusters, 
 Reflect, athwart the stream, their yellow lustres." 
 
 Cowper. 
 
 And the Laburnum, with its golden strings, 
 
 Waving in the wind. Southey. 
 
 The pale Laburnum graced with yellow plumes. 
 
 Anon. 
 
 LADY'S SLIPPER. 
 
 Cypripedium. 
 
 Cypripedium L. from the Greek XUTT{<;, Venus, and 
 roJiov, a shoe. 
 
 It is the most magnificent and admired genus of the Or- 
 chis family, and distinguished from all the rest by being truly 
 diandrous, (two stamens only in the same flower with the 
 pistil) as well as by its inflated bladder-like lip. 
 
 There is only one species native of England the C. 
 Calceolus several of Siberia. Eight species have been enu- 
 merated by Swartz. The C. Spectabile, C. Parviflorum, 
 C. Jlcaule, are the three assigned to North America, in Rees' 
 Encyclopedia. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of Baltimore, (Md.) may be found 
 the C. Pubescens, Vulgo, Noah's Ark, Yellow Mocasin flow- 
 er; and the C. Humile, Synon, C. Acaule, Vulgo, Purple 
 Mocas in flower, Lady's slipper. 
 
 The Candidum is assigned to Pennsylvania: the Par- 
 viflorum to Virginia: the Spectabile to Canada: the Pubes- 
 cens and Calceolus are supposed, by Dr. W. Darlington, to 
 be the same. 
 
 The flowers of this genus have a calyx two-leafed, 
 spreading, one of which is erect, the other dependent; the 
 latter often cloven. Petals two, alternate, with the calyx 
 declining, often twisted; lip large, inflated, hollow. Fila- 
 ments two, very short, inserted into the style, under two op- 
 posite lobes. Colour of the flower various purple, pink, 
 yellow, &tc. 
 
 INDIAN LAGERSTR.ZEMIA. 
 
 Lagerstrsemia, so called by Linnaeus in commemora- 
 tion of his friend Magnus Lagerstraem, a director of the Swe- 
 dish East India Company, member of the Royal Societies of 
 n, who communicated to him many natu- 
 
ral productions, and some other curiosities. Amongst these 
 was an exqusitely carved horn of a Rhinoceros, which repre- 
 sents a leaf of the Cyamus Nelumbo, accompanied by the 
 flower and fruit in a smaller size. 
 
 The Cyamus Nelumbo, native of the East Indies, Co- 
 chin-China, &tc. In many parts of which it is esteemed a 
 sacred plant, and makes a conspicuous figure in their mytho- 
 logy, as the symbol of fertility. Herodotus gives both it and 
 the Lotos the common denomination of lily, a term which 
 appears to have been applied by the Greeks to various plants 
 with large specious flowers. It appears, also, to have been 
 an Egyptian plant: their sculptures and mosaics, which are 
 still preserved, testify that it, as well as the Lotos, has ob- 
 tained religious reverence. 
 
 The exotic C. Nelumbo, was generally called the Egyp- 
 tian bean, and is expressly said, by Strabo, to be so called, 
 because in its fruit it resembles the Grecian bean, differing 
 only in size and taste. According to Dioscorides, it was 
 sometimes called the Pontic bean; and is said to be not only 
 of Egypt, but also of Asia Proper and Silicia. 
 
 Dr. Smith conjectured that it was the real mystical bean 
 of Pythagoras, concerning the prohibition of which, to his 
 followers, so much has been written, and so little determined. 
 It is supposed that this celebrated philosopher imbibed the 
 notion of its sacred character during his travels: and as it did 
 not grow in his own country, he took a substitute for it a 
 common seed resembling it, which the common horse bean 
 does very nearly. [See Rees' Cyclopedia.] 
 
 This digression will, I hope be excused. 
 
 To return to the Lager strxmia: The shrub is about the 
 size of a pomegranite-tree, rather straggling, smooth, with 
 angular twigs. Leaves opposite or alternate, nearly sessile, 
 of an elliptical form, slightly pointed, entire, finely dotted. 
 Flowers in a large terminal, of a fine rose-colour, not unlike 
 a double stock, but far more delicate, and without scent. 
 The petals heart-shaped, pointed, excessively crumpled and 
 curled, with long slender claws, \ftnthers yellow; called, 
 by some, the fringed rose. 
 
 LARKSPUR. 
 
 Delphinium. 
 
 The Asxcpiviov of the ancient Greeks, "because," says 
 Dioscorides, "the slender segments of its leaves resemble 
 Dolphins." The resemblance rather to be found, according 
 to the vulgar ideas of that fish, between the curvature of its 
 body, and the horned nectary of the flower. Delphin, being 
 both the Latin and Greek for a Dolphin. 
 
 The flower-buds, before they are expanded, are thought 
 to resemble the Dolphin. In the natural single state of this 
 flower, the outer petals form a kind of horn-shaped nectary, 
 at the back of the corolla, which is similar to the spur of the 
 LarK's-foot hence the name of Larkspur. 
 
 Flora Historica. 
 
 The Delphinium, although it loses its spur by the in- 
 crease of its petals, yet retains an advantage over the double 
 stock, and many other double flowers, by retaining its anthers 
 and stigmas, and consequently produces seed; but this seed, 
 if suffered to sow itself in the Autumn, generally returnsito., 
 
 its natural single state; whilst the seed, sown later in the 
 season, or in the Spring, produces double flowers. 
 
 The Delphinium is annual, perennial, and biennial : na- 
 tives of the South of Europe, Siberia, America, Sec. It is 
 without a calyx; petals five, the upper one spurred; nectary 
 cloven, with a posterior spur. Leaves, the lower are digi- 
 tate, or palmate; the upper, sometimes, undivided. Flowers 
 loosely spiked, or panicled, various in colour. 
 
 LAUREL. 
 
 Ivy Tree of America. Calico Bush. 
 Kalmia. 
 
 Kalmia a genus so named by Linnaeus, in honour of 
 his friend and pupil, Peter Kalm, D. D., Professor of Eco- 
 nomy at the University of Abo. He spent several years in 
 North America, exploring whatever was worthy of observa- 
 tion: and on his return, cultivated a botanical garden, at his 
 own expense, for the use of the Academy of Science, at Abo, 
 although straitened in his circumstances. 
 
 Laurel E. Sp. Laurel. Fr. Laurier. It. Lauro. Lat. 
 Laurus. Law coincides in elements with fiower, fioreo. 
 Floreo, to flourish, to bear flowers, to blossom. 
 
 There are many species of the Kalmia, indigenous in 
 North America. The whole genus is remarkable for its ele- 
 gant flowers and foliage; decorating the sides of hills, and 
 sometimes found in the woods. 
 
 The narrow-leaved Laurel, K. Jlngustifolia, a shrub 
 of from two to six feet high, produces the most brilliant cup- 
 shaped flowers, in loose lateral bunches, and in the greatest 
 abundance, of a bright red colour, when they first open ; but 
 afterwards fading to a blush or peach colour, beautifully va- 
 riegated with crimson. Leaves of a shining green above, 
 paler beneath, lanceolate, on short foot-stalks, placed with- 
 out order. All the species are said to be poisonous to sheep 
 and cattle. 
 
 The broad-leaved Laurel, K. Latifolia, rises to the 
 height of from ten to twelve feet. Blossoms like the first. 
 
 K. Hirsuta, or Hairy-leaved Kalmia, has purplish flow- 
 ers: native of South Carolina, in swampy soil. 
 
 LAURUSTINUS. 
 
 Viburnum Tinus. 
 
 Viburnum reckoned by Linnaeus among the Latin 
 names whose origin cannot be ascertained. It is traced by 
 Ainsworth, Vaillant, and Martyn, to the verb vieo, to bind. 
 
 Tinus a kind of Bay tree, a Laurustinus. 
 
 Ainsworth. 
 
 Laurustinus an evergreen shrub, which flowers about 
 Michaelmas, and holds its flower through the winter. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Rees tells us that it is a compound word, meaning Lau- 
 rus, which is called Tinus; and Ovid teaches us that the first 
 syllable of Tinus is long: " Et bicolor myrtus, et baccis cae- 
 rula Tinus." 
 
 Tinus is a name given in Pliny, B. 15, chap. 30, for 
 what he says is sometimes termed a sort of Wild Laurel, and 
 is distinguished by the blue colour of its berries. This de- 
 scription is universally agreed to apply to our Laurustinus, or 
 Viburnum Tinus of Linnaeus. [See .Rees.] 
 
Varieties of this genus are to be found in Japan, Mexico, 
 &.c. Several species, with white flowers, are scattered all 
 over the United States. 
 
 The common Laurustinus of our green-houses, is a na- 
 tive of Spain, Portugal, and Italy. A shrub never above five 
 feet high, spreading widely, twigs smooth, dark red ; leaves 
 ovate, entire, dark green above, veiny, with glandular hairs 
 at the origin of each large vein; flowers tinged with red, of 
 one petal, bell-shaped, cut halfway down; berries blue. 
 
 LAVENDER. 
 
 Lavandula. 
 
 Lavandula, from the Latin word lavo, to wash, or be- 
 sprinkle, alluding to its ancient use in baths, or fomentations; 
 or to its distilled water, in more modern times. 
 
 A genus known and esteemed in our gardens and green- 
 houses. All are shrubby, with blue or purplish, occasionally 
 white, fragrant, spiked flowers. Their foliage likewise aro- 
 matic, generally of a grey, or hoary-green, narrow, either 
 simple or compound. The spike is supported on a longish, 
 naked, square stalk. Perianth of one leaf; corolla monope- 
 talous, ringent, reversed: native of Africa, Europe, Sic. 
 
 The common Lavender, L. Spica, cultivated for the 
 sake of its scent, when dried; and the essential oil and distil- 
 led water which is made from it. To be " laid up in Laven- 
 der," is become proverbial for any thing stored up with pe- 
 culiar care. 
 
 LEMON. 
 Citrus Limon. 
 Citrus, derivation unknown. (Bees' Cyclopedia.) 
 
 Citrus, a citron-tree, growing upon Mount Atlas, in 
 Africa, of the wood of which they made tables at Rome. 
 Also, another sort which bore fruit of an excellent grateful 
 smell. Jl lemon or orange tree, a pome-citrul, Plin. 
 
 [See JHnsworth.~\ 
 
 Skinner tells ue, the word citron is like the thing itself; 
 of Persian or Moorish origin. 
 
 In Lemon's English etymology we find " Citron, Greek, 
 XIT^IOV, a citron apple, a fruit brought from Media." And in 
 the same book, under the word Lemon, we are told that " Ju- 
 nius supposes, with great justness, that it ought to be written 
 limon: and, after quoting the word in several languages, in 
 which it appears always limon, he says, they suppose it to be 
 from the Greek word \i^o s , hunger, because it sharpens 
 hunger." 
 
 " Lemon, from the French gallic limon Italian limone 
 Lemone, perhaps all from the Greek K>^KV } a meadow, a 
 garden, as if it were said the ornament of the garden." 
 
 [See Skinner.] 
 
 The genus citrus comprehends plants of the citron, le- 
 mon, and orange-tree kinds. 
 
 The common Lemon, Citrus limon, and lime, C. Jlcris, 
 are, by botanists, referred to one species. They, as well as 
 the orange, are natives of the East, now naturalized in all 
 warm climates. 
 
 The lime is said to grow to the height of from twelve 
 to fourteen feet. Its fruit is esteemed a much more grateful 
 acid than that of the lemon; and in the West Indies, where 
 
 they are most cultivated, the lemon is in little repute, and 
 seldom used. From the varieties of the lime, the powerful 
 perfume called Bergamot, is obtained; which is said to have 
 derived its name from Bergamo, in Italy. 
 
 The flowers of the genus citrus, have a one-leafed, five- 
 cleft calyx, small and withering; petals five, oblong, and 
 spreading. The leaf of the lemon is ovate-lanceolate, acu- 
 minate, somewhat serrated. 
 
 LICHEN; or, TREE MOSS. 
 
 Lichen, a name borrowed by the Romans from the 
 Greeks, for the disease called the tetter, or ringworm, and 
 applied to some plants of a mossy nature. 
 
 They are fleshy or leather-like substances growing on 
 rocks, trees, and old buildings: the most common species 
 may be observed in the form of a rough yellow and bluish 
 crust, on gooseberry bushes, and old palings, to which they 
 impart a picturesque appearance. 
 
 They are called Rock moss, or Tree moss; some of the 
 Liver-worts are of this order. 
 
 They, also, include the Iceland moss, now much used in 
 medicine; and the Reindeer moss, of Lapland, which grows 
 to the height of a foot, and is the principal food of the noble 
 animal whose name it bears. But they are entirely distinct 
 from the true mosses, (Musci.) 
 
 Where frowning Snowden bends his dizzy brow 
 O'er Conway, listening to the surge below; 
 Retiring Lichen climbs the topmost stone, 
 And drinks the aerial solitude alone 
 
 Bright shine the stars, unnumber'd, o'er her head, 
 And the cold moon-beam gilds her flinty bed; 
 While, round the rifted rocks, hoarse whirlwinds breathe, 
 And dark with thunder sail the clouds beneath. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 This plant is the first that vegetates on naked rocks cov- 
 ering them with a kind of tapestry, and draws its nourish- 
 ment, perhaps chiefly from the air. Darwin. 
 
 The Lichen which grows on the bark of the White Oak 
 tree is, in medical books, called lung-icort, as it is there 
 said from its resemblance to the lungs, or rather, perhaps, 
 from its being used in diseases of the lungs. It is said to pos- 
 sess the same qualities as the Iceland moss, so celebrated in 
 the cure of pulmonary consumption. 
 
 LILAC. 
 
 Syringa. 
 
 Lilac, of Turkish origin. French lilas Sp. lilac. 
 
 Syringa, so called by Linnaeus, from o-uen-yj, <ru ? vyj'0{, 
 Greek for a pipe, on account of the use which the Turks 
 make of its straight and tubular branches, when deprived of 
 the pith, for tobacco pipes. 
 
 " It is called in Barbary Seringa. It may well be ima- 
 gined that this African word came from the Greek; and ori- 
 ginated in the resemblance of the branches to a reed. We 
 have no doubt that Linnseus had both words in view." 
 
 The name may possibly owe its origin to the nymph Sy- 
 
rinx, fabled to have been transformed into reeds; from which 
 her admirer formed the famous instrument called Syrinx, or 
 Pan's Pipes. 
 
 The Philadelphia of Linnxus, and others, now com- 
 monly called Syringa, in the gardens, is confounded in its 
 nomenclature and history, with the above, its branches being 
 capable of serving the same purposes. 
 
 The Syringa Vulgaris, or common garden Lilac, has 
 usually purple flowers, but there is a beautiful white variety. 
 
 The Persian Lilac, S. Persica, is a shrub of a slender 
 habit, growing only to the height of four or five feet. The 
 jftowers are larger than those of the common lilac, and equal- 
 ly fragrant; but fewer in each panicle, and less crowded. 
 The flowers purple, or white; the white peculiarly brilliant 
 and elegant. 
 
 The common Lilac is, also, a native of Persia. The 
 Turks appear to have long cultivated it, and its common 
 English name is derived from them; belonging, also, in their 
 language, to the privet. It was introduced into England 
 about the middle of the sixteenth century, from Constanti- 
 nople. 
 
 There is, also, a Chinese variety, now cultivated, but 
 more rare, the S. Chinensis, of humble stature, generally 
 taken for a broad-leafed variety of the S. Persica. 
 
 The Lilac, various in array, now white, 
 Now sanguine, and her beauteous head now set 
 With purple spikes pyramidal, as if studious of orna- 
 ment, 
 
 Yet unresolved which hues she most approved, 
 She chose them all. Cotcpcr. 
 
 O, were my love yon Lilach fair, 
 
 Wi' purple blossoms to the spring; 
 And I a bird to shelter there, 
 
 When wearied on my little wing! Burns. 
 
 The flowers of this genus have a permanent ealyx, small 
 tubular, bordered with four erect teeth. Corolla of one pe- 
 tal, funnel-shaped; tube cylindrical, several times longer than 
 the calyx; limb in four deep elliptic, oblong, spreading seg- 
 ments. 
 
 LILY. 
 
 IMium Candidwn. 
 
 LUium, appears to be a name of rather obscure origin; 
 (says the Encyclopedia) deduced by some from the Greek 
 x . ? .ov a Lily, derived from /uio 5 , smooth, not rough, also 
 handsome, because the plant is conspicuous for the beauty 
 of its flowers. It has moreover been called xfivav, from 
 XJITOV, the Greek for dust, or pollen because, the flowers 
 seem in general to be sprinkled with a powdery substance, 
 from the abundance of their pollen. 
 
 Ainsworth derives Lilium from the Greek \ti ? iov 3 or 
 A.I<OV, definition, a lily. Lilium is adopted from Pliny, and 
 other Latin authors. 
 
 Candidum, from candido, (L.) to bleach, to make 
 white. L. Candidum, is said to be indisputably a native of 
 the Holv Land. 
 
 In Heathen Mythology, the Lily is said to have been 
 originally of the colour of crocus, but Juno having dropped 
 some milk upon the earth, changed the colour from purple to 
 white. It tells us, also, that this flower was a great favourite 
 with Juno, and consecrated to her by Heathen nations. 
 
 All nations agree in making the Lily the symbol of puri 
 ty and modesty. 
 
 O, dress the Lily in its vest of lawn, 
 Whiter, than foam upon the crested wave, 
 Pure, as the spirit, parted from its grave, 
 When every stain that earth had left is gone. 
 
 Percival. 
 
 The white Lily has leaves lanceolate, scattered, atten- 
 uated at the base, numerous, long, smooth. Flowers large, 
 white, in a cluster at the top of the stem. Corolla bell-shaped, 
 smooth on the inside. Root a large scaly bulb, from which 
 proceeds many scaly fibres. 
 
 The Yellow Lily is a native of Persia, whose chief city 
 was called Shusan, and one of its provinces Susiana. In 
 Hebrew language, the name of Susanah signifies Lily. 
 
 Once, Emir! thy unheeding child, 
 'Mid all this havoc, bloomed and smiled, 
 Tranquil, as on some battle plain, 
 The Persian's lily shines and towers; 
 Before the contest's reddening stain, 
 Has fallen upon its golden flowers. 
 
 JVLoore. Fire Worshippers. 
 
 LILY OF THE VALLEY. 
 
 Convallaria. 
 
 Convallaria, from the Latin word Convallis, a valley, 
 or dale, enclosed on both sides with hills. Jlinsworth. 
 
 There are many of the species idigenous in North Ame- 
 rica. Flowers generally white, or variegated with green. 
 A variety from Japan has violet coloured flowers. 
 
 This exquisitely beautiful monopetalous flower is mo- 
 destly concealed in the broad, bright green leaves, which sur- 
 round its delicate and graceful bells. 
 
 And ye, whose lowlier pride, 
 In sweet seclusion seems to shrink from view, 
 You of the Valley nam'd, no longer hide 
 Your blossoms, meet to twine the brow of purest bride. 
 
 Barton. 
 
 That shy plant the lUy of the vale, 
 That loves the ground, and from the sun withholds 
 Her pensive beauty, from the breeze her sweets. 
 
 Evening's Excursion. G. F. 
 
 The Lily whose sweet beauties seem, 
 As if they must be sought. 
 
 Barton. 
 
 And sweetest to the view, 
 The lily of the vale, whose virgin flower 
 Trembles at every breeze, beneath its leafy bower. 
 
 Same. 
 
The name of Lily has been improperly applied to it, 33 
 it has not the least affinity with the Lily, either in its root, 
 fruit, or flower. Perhaps, from the purity of its white corol- 
 la, as the idea of delicacy and purity is attached to the very 
 name of Lily. 
 
 Flowers of Convallaria, monopetalous, bell-shaped, six- 
 cleft, nodding, sometimes double: leaves large, elliptical, rib- 
 bed, entire, acute, on long petioles: root perennial. 
 
 LOTOS. 
 
 Lotos, a name which has been more variously applied, 
 and of which, perhaps, more has been written than of any 
 other plant. Those who have sought for its origin, in the 
 Greek language, have found nothing nearer than \a,, the Greek 
 for to will, or to desire, alluding, as they suppose, to the plant 
 being greatly esteemed. [Bees' Cyclopedia.] 
 
 It has been suggested by one who has read this note, 
 that, from the Greek verb xw, there is derived an adjective, 
 whose superlative is x^jo;, signifying the best which ac- 
 cords with the estimate in which the ancients held this plant} 
 and that, by dropping the letter * in this superlative, for the 
 sake of euphony, which the ancients frequently did, we have 
 precisely the Greek name of this plant, A.MTO S : a conjecture 
 by no means so strained as many of those in which etymolo- 
 gists often indulge. 
 
 Ainsworth derives Lotos and Lotus, from the nymph 
 Lotis, and refers to Ovid; who tells us, in the story of the 
 unfortunate Dryope, who was punished, by instant transfor- 
 mation, for inadvertently plucking a flower from the plant into 
 which the nymph had been metamorphosed. 
 
 " Not distant far a wat'ry Lotos grew; 
 The spring was new, and all the verdant boughs 
 Adorn'd with blossoms, promised fruits that vie. 
 In glowing colours, with the Tyrian die. 
 
 * * # * 
 
 Lotis, the nymph, (if rural tales be true,) 
 
 * * * * 
 
 Forsook her form; and fixing here, became 
 A flow'ry plant, which still preserves her name. 
 
 Pope's Ovid. 
 
 In Camoens' Luciad, we find a mention of the shrub 
 Lotus, corresponding with the Lotos of Ovid, with its fruit 
 of " Tyrian die." The Lybian Lotos is there described as 
 " a shrub like a bramble; the berries like the myrtle, but pur- 
 ple when ripe, and about the bigness of an olive. Mixed 
 with bread-corn, it was used as food for slaves: they, also, 
 made an agreeable wine of it, but which would not keep above 
 ten days." 
 
 This corresponds, also, with the plant described by Park, 
 as abounding in Africa, particularly in sandy soils. He took 
 a drawing of a branch in flower; the fruit of which was a small 
 farinaceous berry, about the size of an olive; which, when 
 dried, was made into excellent cakes, resembling, in colour 
 and flavour, the sweet ginger-bread. The natives, also, pre- 
 pare from it a liquor delicately sweet; the same, perhaps, 
 which is fabled to have produced such extraordinary effects 
 on the companions of Ulysses. 
 
 Though some have conjectured that the Lotus Glycyca- 
 lamus of the ancients, and that which is mentioned by Homer, 
 is our sugar-cane. 
 
 "Not prone to ill, nor strange to foreign guest, 
 They eat, they drink, and nature gives the feast; 
 The trees around them all their fruit produce; 
 Lotos the name; divine nectarious juice; 
 (Thence call'd Lotophagi) which whoso tastes, 
 Insatiate, riots in the sweet repasts, 
 Not other home, nor other care intends, 
 But quits his house, his country and his friends: 
 The three we sent, from off th' enchanting ground, 
 We dragg'd reluctant, and by force we bound, 
 The rest, in haste, forsook the pleasing shore, 
 Or, the charm tasted, had return'd no more." 
 
 Pope's Odyssey. 
 
 The definition of Lotos in the Greek Lexicon, is this: 
 " A tree whose fruit is so sweet, that foreigners, having tasted 
 of it, forget their own country whence the proverb to have 
 eaten of the Lotus, is applied to those who prefer a foreign 
 country to their own." 
 
 There was a neat proverb among the Romans, derived 
 from this fruit it was in two words: " Lotum gustavit" 
 that is, " He has tasted the Lotus." It was applied to those 
 who remained longer than was proper among foreign nations: 
 because the fruit of .the Lotus is so sweet, that strangers, for 
 that cause, used to stick to the place where it grew, and where 
 they have once tasted it. [See Pliny, 13th, 17th.] 
 
 In Herodotus, we find a description of another species 
 of Lotos, an aquatic plant. [Book 2d, Euterpe.'] 
 
 In speaking of the Egyptians, who inhabit the marshy 
 grounds, he says: " To procure themselves the means of sus- 
 tenance more easily, they make use of the following expe- 
 dient: When the waters have risen to their extremest height, 
 and all their fields are overflowed, there appears above the 
 surface, an immense quantity of plants of the Lily species, 
 which the Egyptians call Lotos: having cut down these, they 
 dry them in the sun. The seed of the flower, which resem- 
 bles that of the poppy, they bake, and make into a kind of 
 bread: they, also, eat the root of the plant, which is round, 
 of an agreeable flavour, and about the size of an apple. There 
 is a second species of the Lotos, which grows in the Nile; 
 and which is not unlike a- rose. The fruit, which grows from 
 the bottom of the root, is like a wasp's nest: it is found to con- 
 tain a number of kernals, of the size of an olive-stone, which 
 are very grateful, either fresh or dried." 
 
 A note in Herodotus tells us " The Lotos is an aquatic 
 plant peculiar to Egypt, which grows in rivulets, and by the 
 side of lakes. There are two species the one, bearing a 
 white, the other a blue flower. The root of the first species 
 is round, resembling a potato, and is eaten by the inhabitants 
 who live near the lake Menzala." Savory. 
 
 We do not find this aquatic Lotos to be " peculiar to 
 Egypt." It is abundant in India, where it is held in the high- 
 est veneration. Among the Brahmans, and enthusiastic Hin- 
 doos, no object in nature is looked on with more superstition} 
 and their writings abound with mystical allusions to this lovely 
 
plant. As an aquatic, the Lotos is a symbol of the Indian 
 God Vishnu,* he being a personification of water, or humi- 
 dity. Brahma, the creative power, is also sometimes repre- 
 sented as seated on the Lotos, and is borne on its calyx in the 
 whimsical representation of the renovation of the world. 
 
 In the northern parts of India, the petals of the Lotos 
 are blue, as well as red and white : while, in the Southern 
 provinces, the blue flower is not seen. The poets have 
 hence feigned that the crimson hue was imparted to it by 
 the blood of Sivafi issuing from the wound made by the 
 arrow of Kama,l when the God of Love daringly endea- 
 voured to inspire the "king of dread" with an amorous pas- 
 sion; for which presumption, he was reduced to ashes: or, as 
 some say, to a mental essence, by the fire which issued from 
 the forehead of the " three-eyed God." 
 
 This aquatic Lotos, is also held in high veneration in 
 Egypt. A fine bust of Isis, (one of their deities,) emerging 
 from a flower of the Lotos, which belonged to the late Mr. 
 Townley, was, on its arrival in England, taken, without hesi- 
 tation, for Clytie changing into a sun-flower; what is meant 
 for the Lotos, having a great resemblance to the Helianthus. 
 This error, very striking to botanists, was immediately cor- 
 rected by the excellent Mr. Dryander, whose accuracy only 
 exceeded his vast knowledge. [See Rees 1 Cyclopedia.] 
 
 * Vishnu, in Hindoo Mythology, is one of the chief deities of the 
 trimurti or triad. He is reckoned the second person of this mysterious 
 Unity, being a personification of the preserving power, wisdom, space, 
 the present, water. 
 
 Brahma, the first person, or creative power, matter, the past, earth. 
 
 f Siva, the third person in the triad, represents the destructive 
 energy, justice, time, the future, fire. 
 
 J Kama, is the Hindoo God of Love. And, according to Sir Wil- 
 liam Jones, " appears evidently the same with the Grecian Eros, and the 
 Roman Cupid." 
 
 His bow of Sugar-cane or flowers, with a string formed of bees, 
 and his five arrows, each pointed with an Indian blossom of a healing 
 quality, are equally new and beautiful. 
 
 Sir W. Jones has addressed a spirited hymn to this deity, in which 
 Vasanta, (the personification of the season Spring) the bosom friend of 
 Kama, is represented as preparing the bow and shafts for his mischiev- 
 ous friend. 
 
 " He bends the luscious cane, and twists the string 
 
 With bees ; how sweet ! but ah ! how keen their sting ! 
 
 He, with five flow'rets, tips thy ruthless darts, 
 
 Which, through five senses, pierce enraptur'd hearts: 
 
 Strong Champa rich in odo'rous gold ; 
 
 Warm Jlmer, nurs'd in heavenly mould ; 
 
 Dry Nakeser, in silver smiling ; 
 
 Hot Kitticum our sense beguiling: 
 
 And last, to kindle fierce the scorching flame, 
 
 Love-shaft, which gods, bright Beta, name." 
 
 The Champa, or Champaka, is a polyndria polygynian flower, the 
 Micheha of European Botanists; it is of two sorts, white and yellow; 
 small, and in its foliage like an expanded rose-bud, and of a powerful 
 fragrance. 
 
 The Amer, is said by some to be the Mango flower. 
 
 Dry Nakeser, is a handsome flower with white and yellow petals. 
 
 The Bela, is a beautiful species of Jasmine. 
 
 LOVE IN-A-MIST. 
 
 Nigella Damascena. 
 
 Nigella, from Niger, black, in allusion to the colour of 
 the seeds. 
 
 There are several species of Nigella, or fennel flower. 
 Nigella Damascena, or common Fennel flower, Devil in-a- 
 bush, Love in-a-puzzle, etc., is a native of corn-fields in the 
 South of Europe, a hardy annual, with double varieties, va- 
 rying with white and pale-blue petals. Flowers terminal, 
 solitary, encompassed by a circle of leaves, much like the 
 rest. Nectaries five, alternate with the petals; their claw 
 purple; limb green, bent upward at a right angle, with a 
 spreading, purple, flat, bluntly two-lobed, hairy under lip. 
 The petals, in the double variety, are multiplied; but nume- 
 rous stamens remain to perform their office : leaves as finely 
 cut as those of fennel, but flat. 
 
 LOVE LIES-A-BLEEDING. 
 Jlmaranthus Caudatus. 
 
 (See Amaranth.) 
 
 The long pendulous Amaranth, with pink seeds, and 
 purple-red flowers, is commonly called "Love lies-a-bleed- 
 ing." 
 
 Campbell has introduced it into his poem of " O'Con- 
 nor's child." 
 
 And wherefore dost thou love this flower 
 
 To call " My love-lies-bleeding?" 
 This purple flower my tears have nursed; 
 
 A hero's blood supplied its bloom: 
 I love it, for it was the first 
 
 That grew on Connocht-Moran's tomb. 
 
 * # * # 
 
 And cherish, for my warrior's sake, 
 
 The flower of " Love-lies-bleeding." 
 
 LUPINE. 
 Lupinus. 
 
 Lupinus, so called by Pliny, and other ancient writers . 
 Professor Martyn says, that the name owes its origin to Lu- 
 pus, a wolf, because plants of this genus ravage the ground, 
 by overrunning it, after the manner of that animal. 
 
 Lupinus is, also, said to be derived from the Greek 
 xua-n, grief, whence Virgil's epithet " tristes lupini" from 
 the fanciful idea of its acrid juices, which, tasted, produced a 
 sorrowful appearance in the countenance. Both of these 
 ideas are avowedly taken from Vossius. R. Ency. 
 
 Lupine is a kind of pulse, which was much cultivated 
 by the Romans. Pliny recommends the white lupine as giv- 
 ing a fresh colour and cheerful countenance to those who ate 
 them. 
 
 The eating of Lupines was, also, thought to brighten 
 the mind, and quicken the imagination It is related of 
 Protogenus, a celebrated painter of Rhodes, who flourished 
 about the year 328 before Christ, that, during the seven years 
 he was employed in painting the hunting piece of Jalysus, 
 who is supposed to be the founder of the state of Rhodes, he 
 lived entirely upon lupines and water with an idea that this 
 aliment would give him greater flights of fancy. 
 
The species of this genus, most cultivated for their flow- 
 ers, are the white, blue, yellow, and rose-coloured. 
 
 The calyx is of one leaf, cloven; corolla papiliona- 
 ceous. 
 
 MAGNOLIA. 
 
 A noble genus of shrubs, named, by Plumier, in honour 
 of Peter Magnol, Botanical Professor at Montpellier, where 
 he practised physic for a long course of years; and, at the 
 same time, very assiduously cultivated Botany, not only as an 
 auxiliary to medicine, but with the most enlarged views to 
 its advancement as a science of itself. He was not appointed 
 to the professorship till the year 1694; being a Protestant, 
 his religion had been in the way of his promotion. He was 
 beloved for his urbanity, and esteemed for his knowledge; 
 and, previous to his appointment, as public professor, he had 
 a botanical class; among whom were Fagan and the illustri- 
 ous Tournefort. He published several celebrated botanical 
 works. In 1708, he was admitted a member of the Acade- 
 mic des Sciences of Paris, in the place of his distinguished 
 friend Tournefort, who died that year. 
 
 Among his communications to this Academy, was an 
 easy method of tinging the flowers of the Tuberose with a 
 solution of some kind of lake. He died at the age of 77, in 
 the year 1715. 
 
 The Magnolia Grandiflora, Laurel-leafed Magnolia, 
 is the most magnificent and beautiful evergreen tree of this 
 genus. In southern latitudes, it rises to the height of eighty 
 feet, often much loftier; almost unobstructed by branches, 
 and terminated by a spreading top of the deepest perennial 
 verdure. Its flowers are terminal, solitary, each as large as 
 a pint basin; white, deliciously fragrant, like the flavour of 
 cold lemonade. The petals obovate, have the texture and 
 aspect of delicate white leather. The bark of the root of 
 this tree is also used as a substitute for the Peruvian bark 
 according to some of our medical books. 
 
 The M. Glauca, Swamp Magnolia, a small tree, with 
 large cream-coloured flowers, terminal, concave, with a rich 
 vinous fragrance. Calyx of three leaves ; petals six to twelve, 
 obvoate, The leaves are, also, beautiful, about three inches 
 long, varying in breadth, veiny, bright green above, glaucous, 
 and somewhat silky beneath. To the North, deciduous; in 
 the South, evergreen. 
 
 This species is said to have been the first of its genus 
 introduced into the gardens of England; having been culti- 
 vated by Bishop Compton, at Fulham, in 1688. 
 
 There are about fifteen species of this genus, almost 
 equally divided between China and N. America: there is, 
 also, one species in tropical America. All of them with a 
 bark more or less camphorated and aromatic. 
 
 The Cucumber tree of North America, Magnolia Jlcu- 
 minata, is a tree of a noble height and beauty: umbrageous, 
 deciduous; the wood yellow. Leaves clustered at the end of 
 each branch; but, on its subsequent elongation; becoming 
 alternate, stalked, pointed at each end, several inches long, 
 and nearly half as broad; green and smooth above; paler, 
 and, at first, downy beneath. Flowers neither fragrant, nor 
 beautiful, though remarkable for their pea- green glaucous 
 petals more than six, which vary in shape, but are always 
 
 concave or channelled, and, usually, about two inches long. 
 The cones, or seed vessels, have been advantageously used 
 in the Western States in the form of tincture, in rheumatic 
 complaints. The cone has very much the form of a cucum- 
 ber; and, when perfected, is of a vivid red colour. 
 
 Several species of this genus are to be found in the East 
 and West Indies, but none so beautiful as the North Ameri- 
 can plants, M. Grandiflora, etc. 
 
 MARIGOLD. 
 Calendula. 
 
 Calendula, according to Martyn, a diminutive from CaZ- 
 tha, the name of the most common species, in old authors. 
 
 Caltha, supposed to be derived from the Greek xaMtS-os, 
 a basket, alluding to the shape of the flower. 
 
 Ventenat derives calendula from calenda, the Latin for 
 the first day of every month, because it continues long in 
 flower. 
 
 Marigold E. called in Welsh gold, which is said to be 
 from gol, going round. In Dutch gondsbloem, gold flower. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 Johnson derives the name from Mary, and gold, and sup- 
 posed it to have been devoted to the Virgin Mary. And in 
 Hone's Every Day Book, the flower is devoted to the An- 
 nunciation of the B. V. Mary, for the 25th March. 
 
 The Calendula closes its petals at certain hours of the 
 day, and is one of those styled by Linnaeus, the Horologe, 
 (Horologium, L.) or Watch of Flora. The Leontodon, 
 Convolvulus, Malva, or Mallow, and many others, are of 
 this class. 
 
 And bright Calendula, with golden hair; 
 Watch with nice eye, the earth's diurnal way, 
 Marking her solar, and siderial day, 
 Her slow nutation, and her varying clime, 
 And trace, with mimic art, the march of time. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 The flowers of this genus have a calyx with many divi- 
 sions: corolla radiate; florets of the disk, numerous, tubular, 
 the length of the calyx; the ray strap-shaped, very long, 
 three-toothed, hairy at the base; seeds of the circumference 
 of the disk, different from those of the ray, both fertile. Pe- 
 rennial. 
 
 The Tagetes, African, or French Marigold, was first 
 designated for the emblem, (cruelty) now applied to the whole 
 genus. 
 
 It is a Mexican plant; and the fabulous account of this 
 species is, that it first became stained and marked with a dark 
 red, by the blood of the unhappy Mexicans, whom the insa- 
 tiable Spaniards slew in their own peaceful fields. 
 
 According to Gerard, it was first introduced into Europe 
 about the time that a famous conquest of Tunis was achieved 
 by a Roman Emperor, and, in compliment to that monarch, 
 for having given liberty to twenty-two thousand Christian 
 slaves, it was called Flos. Jlfricanus, or African Marygold. 
 Its appellation of French Marygold, is from the seeds being 
 first obtained from France. 
 
 M. Pirolle tells us, that these flowers were called Tage- 
 
 *" 
 
tes, from the Greek T*^, meaning principality, (or Tagos, 
 a commander,) which shows the rank these plants held in 
 the parterre. [See Flora Historical 
 
 MARVEL OF PERU. 
 
 Mirabilis. 
 
 The Spaniards applied the appellation Mirabilis del 
 Peru, the Marvel of Peru, to this plant, on account of the 
 great diversity of colour in its flowers, on the same root. 
 
 The French call it Belle de Nuit, because the flowers 
 expand and smell sweet, at night only. And because its flow- 
 ers seem too timid to expand their variously coloured corollas 
 to an European sun. 
 
 Sous le voile mysterieux 
 De la craintive modestie, 
 Tu veux echapper a nos yeux, 
 Et tu n'en es que plus jolie. 
 
 On cherche, on aime a decouvrir 
 Le doux tresor que tu receles; 
 Ah ! pour encore les embellir, 
 Donne ton secret a nos belles. 
 
 JH. Constant Dubos. 
 
 The flowers of this genus have a talyx inferior, five-cleft; 
 corolla funnel-shaped, its base inflated and permanent; nec- 
 tary a gland surrounding the germen. Plant perennial, in its 
 several species. 
 
 MEADOW SAFFRON. 
 Colchicum Jlutumnale. 
 
 Colchicum, supposed to be so called from Colchis, where 
 it is said to grow in great abundance. 
 
 According to fabulous history, this Autumnal flower owes 
 its origin to some drops being spilt in the fields, of the magic 
 liquor, which Medea had prepared to restore the aged .3t!son 
 to the bloom and vigour of youth ; and, on this account, the 
 Colchicum was anciently regarded as a preservative against 
 all sorts of maladies. It is suggested, also, that, as Medea 
 is sometimes called Colchis, it was the Colchicum that re- 
 lieved JEson from his infirmities. 
 
 The foaming juices, now, the brink o'erswell; 
 The barren heath, where'er the liquor fell, 
 Sprang out with vernal grass, and all the pride 
 Of blooming May. 
 
 Tate's and Stonestreet's Ovid. 
 
 The moon shines bright * * * * * 
 * # # * # i n suc h a night * * 
 Medea gathered the enchanted herbs 
 That did renew old jEson. Shaks. 
 
 Meadow Saffron. Saffron, E.; Welsh safrwn, safyr; 
 Fr. safran; Dutch saffraan; Turkish zafran, to be yellow, 
 to be empty; the root of cipher. Webster. 
 
 The root of Colchicum is bulbous, nearly as large as the 
 Tulip, and is, unquestionably, poisonous. The calyx a spathe ; 
 
 corolla monopetalous, tubular, very long, six-cleft; the tube 
 springing immediately from the root. There are three spe- 
 cies of it, purple, reddish, and variegated with purple spots: 
 natives of Europe. 
 
 Darwin remarks of the C. Jlutwmnale, or Meadow Saf- 
 fron, that " the germ is buried within the root, which thus 
 seems to constitute a part of the flower . These singular flow- 
 ers appear in the Autumn, without any leaves; whence, in 
 some countries, they are called naked ladies: in the March 
 following, the green leaves spring up; and, in April, the seed- 
 vessel rises from the ground: the seeds ripen in May, con- 
 trary to the usual habits of vegetables, which flower in the 
 Spring, and ripen their seeds in the Autumn." 
 
 The defoliation of deciduous trees is announced by the 
 flowering of the Colchicum; of these the Ash is the last that 
 puts forth its leaves, and the first to lose them. 
 
 [See Darwin's JVbtes.] 
 
 Then, bright from earth, amid the troubled sky, 
 Ascends fair Colchicum, with radiant eye, 
 Warms the cold bosom of the hoary year, 
 And lights, with beauty's blaze, the dusky sphere. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 MIGNONETTE. 
 
 Reseda Odorata. 
 
 Reseda, a name which occurs in Pliny, and is evidently 
 derived from resedo, to allay or mitigate the second syllable 
 long. 
 
 Pliny reports, that this herb is known in the neighbour- 
 hood of Rimini, and was used for dispersing tumours, and all 
 kinds of inflammations. 
 
 The Reseda Odorata first found its way to the South ef 
 France, where it is called -Mignonette, Little Darling. 
 Cowper calls it " The Frenchman's Darling." 
 
 Mignonette is said to be derived from the Italian mi, and 
 nonnette, my young nun. Spanish, JVLinoneta. 
 
 Linnteus observes, that there is scarcely any genus whose 
 character is more difficult to determine there being such a 
 diversity of shape and parts, in different species. 
 
 The Reseda Odorata, Sweet Mignonette, is a native of 
 Egypt; a hardy annual, blooming all the year round, if pro- 
 perly sheltered. Its Jlowers are deliciously fragrant, resem- 
 bling that of the vine-blossom, or fruit of the raspberry. The 
 petals several, unequal; segments all very deep, of a pale 
 buff colour, prettily contrasted with the red anthers; calyx 
 equal to the corolla, inferior, of one leaf, deeply divided; 
 leaves flat, undivided, or three-lobed. 
 
 No gorgeous flowers the meek reseda grace, 
 
 Yet sip, with eager trunk, you busy race, 
 
 Her simple cup, nor heed the dazzling gem, 
 
 That beams in Fritillaria's diadem. Evans. 
 
 MIMOSA; or, SENSITIVE PLANT. 
 From JWimus, an actor or imitator its motions imi- 
 tating the sensibility of animal life. 
 
 The plants of this genus, naturally contract themselves 
 
in the evening, and expand with the morning's light. (See 
 " Structure of Plants," upon the effect of light upon leaves.) 
 
 Whence does it happen that the plant, which well 
 We name the sensitive) should move and feel? 
 Whence know her leaves to answer her command, 
 And, with quick horror, fly the neighbouring hand? 
 
 Prior. 
 
 Naturalists have not explained the immediate cause of 
 the collapsing of the sensitive plant, when exposed to exter- 
 nal violence. Darwin asks, " May it not be owing to a numb- 
 ness, or paralysis, consequent to too violent irritation, like 
 the fainting of animals from pain or fatigue?" 
 
 Weak with nice sense, the chaste Mimosa stands, 
 From each rude touch withdraws her timid hands; 
 Oft, as light clouds o'erpass the summer's glade, 
 Alarm'd she trembles at the moving shade, 
 And feels alive through all her tender form, 
 The whisper'd murmurs of the gathering storm; 
 Shuts her sweet eye-lids to approaching night, 
 And hails, with freshen'd charms, the rosy light. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 There are many species of Mimosa some, tall trees, 
 others, humble plants: natives of the East and West In- 
 dies, kc. 
 
 The Mimosa Pudica, common Sensitive Plant, is a na- 
 tive of South America: it is naturally shrubby; leaves pinnate, 
 or somewhat fingered; leaflets very numerous, oblong, rather 
 bristly; the flowers are pale purple, in round, axillary, stalked 
 tufts. 
 
 MOCK ORANGE. 
 Philadelphus Coronarius. 
 
 Philadelphia, the name of a shrub mentioned by Athe- 
 naeus, which it is impossible for us to ascertain. Caspar 
 Bauhin first applied it to our Syringa, or Mock Orange, with 
 which it remains, as the generic appellation. Linnaeus sup- 
 poses it was designed to commemorate Ptolemy Philadel- 
 phia, king of Egypt; but a more probable opinion seems to 
 be, that the plant of Athenaeus was of the twining or clasping 
 kind; and that the word, by a poetical fancy, was intended 
 to express its brotherly love for those near it. 
 
 Philadelphus was a title, or surname, borne by several 
 ancient kings formed from the Gr. *.xo 5 , friend, lover, and 
 a^f^eos, brother; i. e. one who loves his brother, or brethren. 
 
 The specific name Coronarius, L. that belongeth to, or 
 serveth to make crowns or garlands. 
 
 The flowers of P. Coronarius are white, and something 
 like those of the orange; much larger, in dense, terminal, up- 
 right clusters, powerfully scented; leaves elliptical, recurved, 
 opposite, on short stalks, dark green, smooth, with broad 
 shallow teeth; their flavour, on the palate, very like the cu- 
 cumber. 
 
 MOSS MUSCUS. 
 
 .Mosses Musci. 
 Moss, E. Sax. meos; Welsh mwswg, from mws, that 
 
 shoots up, and of a strong scent. Latin muscus; Greek 
 j"<r%;5 the two latter words signify moss and musk, both 
 from shooting out; the Greek word also signifies a young 
 animal, and a shoot or twig. French mousse, from which 
 comes mousseline, muslin, from its softness or resemblance 
 to muslin. Lunier says it is from Mossoul, a city of Meso- 
 potamia. Webster. 
 
 Musci, origin unknown. The word occurs often in the 
 best Latin writers. Ambrosinus deduces it from a Greek 
 word, M3<r%o s a young calf, or lamb, as well as the young 
 shoot or tendril of a plant, which is not an improbable ety- 
 mology, and is adopted by Ray. 
 
 The older botanists have still more difficulty in defining 
 the nature of a Moss, than in the derivation of its name. 
 
 .Rees' Cyclopedia. 
 
 Mosses are interesting little evergreens, with distinct 
 leaves, and frequently as distinct a stem. They are found 
 in the hottest, as well as the coldest climates, and have the 
 singular property of reviving vith moisture, however much 
 dried up. 
 
 Ray tells us, that the most perfect kinds are furnished 
 with organs containing a pulpy matter, that becomes dry in 
 ripening; and, when arrived at maturity, flies off in the form 
 of an extremely subtile powder, serving for the propagation 
 of the plant. Modern botanists, with the aid of magnifying 
 glasses, have thought that they have discovered both stamens 
 and pistils, enclosed in a roundish body that grows out of the 
 bottom of the leaves; and which, when the seed ripens, falls 
 off. 
 
 Mosses are fond of moisture, shade, and retirement: en- 
 livening the dark recesses of solitude by the vivid green of 
 their diminutive foliage. 
 
 The mossy fountains, and the sylvan shades 
 
 Delight no more. Pope 
 
 MYRTLE. 
 
 Myrtus. 
 
 Myrtus, so named from Myrsine, or Myrene, a Grecian 
 female and priestess, in the Temple of Venus. She was a 
 great favourite of Minerva; and Venus, as a proof of her own 
 regard, changed her into the Myrtle; which, at the same time, 
 she decreed should be green and odoriferous throughout the 
 year. 
 
 Lat. Myrtus', Gr. ^ufTo;. 
 
 In the calendar of Julius Caesar, we find the month of 
 April under the protection of the goddess Venus: and the 
 first day of the month, dedicated to Venus, with flowers and 
 Myrtles. 
 
 A myrtle crown was worn by the general to whom an 
 oration was decreed; the reason of which, according to Plu- 
 tarch, in his life of Marcellus, was, that, as an oration was de- 
 creed for some remarkable success, obtained by treaty, or 
 without much bloodshed, it was proper that the general, at 
 his public appearance, should be crowned with a tree sacred 
 to Venus; who, of all the deities, was supposed to be most 
 averse to the horrors of war. 
 
We find, elsewhere, this Roman crown of Myrtle was 
 called the oval crown, and given to those who were entitled 
 to the honours of the lesser triumph, called ovation. It was 
 customary for the Roman generals, in the greater triumphs, 
 to sacrifice an ox; and, in the lesser, a sheep in Latin ovis, 
 whence the word ovation. 
 
 In Sparta, the general who put a period to a war, by po- 
 licy or persuasion, sacrificed a bullock; but he, whose success 
 was owing to force of arms, offered only a cock : for, though 
 they were a very warlike people, they thought it more honour- 
 able, and more worthy of a human being, to succeed by elo- 
 quence and wisdom, than by courage and force. 
 
 In Herodotus, we are told that the ancients expressed 
 triumph and joy by the Myrtle. " The hero wore it as a 
 mark of victory; the bridegroom, on his bridal day; and friends 
 presented each other with myrtle garlands, in the conviviality 
 of the banquet. Venus is said to have been adorned with it, 
 when Paris decided. in her favour the prize of beauty; and, 
 for this reason, it was deemed odious to Minerva." 
 
 [See notes on Polymnia.] 
 
 Myrtle was the symbol of authority for magistrates at 
 Athens. 
 
 Concordia, the goddess of Peace and Concord, at Rome, 
 is represented holding in one hand a pomegranate; in the 
 other, a bundle of Myrtle. The nature of these trees is, that, 
 if they be planted a good space apart, they will meet, and 
 mingle or entwine their branches. 
 
 The Myrtle, on thy breast or brow, 
 
 Would lively hope and love avow. J. H. Wiffin. 
 
 NARCISSUS POETIC. 
 Narcissus Poeticus. 
 
 Narcissus, a name adopted from the poets, who have 
 fabled that the flower which bears it, originated in the trans- 
 formation of a beautiful youth, who pined away with admira- 
 tion of his own image in a fountain . Some have derived it 
 from a Greek word, va^, stupor alluding to the effects of 
 the too powerful odour of the flower; which, in some instan- 
 ces, produce head-ache, and a partial loss of recollection. 
 
 The name of the youth might aptly apply to the stupidity 
 of his passion, in slighting the fair Echo, in favour of his own 
 shadow: as, also, to the flower, with its reputed narcotic 
 properties, before Ovid elegantly combined them. 
 
 " When one fair virgin of the slighted train, 
 Thus pray'd the Gods, provok'd by his disdain; 
 0, may he love like me, and love in vain." 
 
 Jlddison's Ovid. 
 
 For, as his own bright image he survey'd, 
 He fell in love with the fantastic shade; 
 And o'er the fair resemblance hung unmov'd, 
 Nor knew, fond youth! it was himself he lov'd. 
 
 Same. 
 
 The Poetic Narcissus, JV. Poeticus, is the largest of the 
 white kinds; and known, from all others, by the crimson bor- 
 der of its very shallow, and almost flat, cup of the nectary. 
 
 The double variety is most frequent in gardens: sometimes, 
 there are two flowers in a sheath. 
 
 The JV". Jlngustifolia, narrow-leafed, crimson-edged 
 Narcissus, is the only one of the genus that resembles it; but 
 it is scarcely above half so large, with leaves of a narrower 
 proportion and flatter form, and the edge of the nectary more 
 erect. 
 
 It flowers in April, full six weeks before the Poeticus. 
 
 Narcissus fair, 
 As o'er the fabled fountain hanging still. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 For him the sister-nymphs prepare his urn, 
 When, looking for his corps, they only found 
 A rising stalk, with yellow blossoms crown'd. 
 
 Addisorts Ovid. 
 
 NASTURTIUM. 
 
 Tropseolum. 
 
 Tropieolum, the diminutive of Tropseum, a warlike tro- 
 phy. 
 
 This fanciful, but elegant name, was chosen by Linnaeus 
 for the present singular and striking genus, because he con- 
 ceived the shield-like leaves and the brilliant flowers, shaped 
 like golden helmets, pierced through and through, and stained 
 with blood, might, very well, justify such an allusion. 
 
 Nasturtium All that I can find in relation to this word 
 is in Ains worth; he says " nasitertium, quod nasum tor- 
 queat the herb called cresses, or nose-smart." Varro. 
 
 The name of Indian cress, applied to it, is in reference 
 to the cress-like flavour of the herbage. 
 
 The Nasturtium major, or Indian Cress, is now the 
 most commonly cultivated species. It was a daughter of 
 Linnaeus, Elizabeth Christina, who first observed it to emit 
 sparks, or flashes of light, in the morning, before sun-rise, 
 during the hottest months of summer; as, also, at twilight 
 in the evening: but not after total darkness came on. These 
 singular scintillations were shown to her father, and other 
 philosophers. 
 
 The ceasing to shine of this plant, after twilight, might 
 induce one to conceive that it absorbed and emitted light, 
 like the Bolognian phosphorus, or calcined oyster-shells, so 
 well explained by Mr. B. Wilson, and others. 
 
 The light of the evening, at the same distance from noon, 
 is much greater than the light of the morning. This is sup- 
 posed to be owing to the phosphorescent quality of almost all 
 bodies, in a greater or less degree; which thus absorb light 
 during the sunshine, and continue to emit it again for some 
 time afterwards; though not in such quantity as to produce 
 apparent scintillations, as in this flower. 
 
 [See Darwin's Notes.] 
 
 " Ere the bright star, which leads' the morning sky, 
 Hangs o'er the blushing east his diamond eye, 
 The chaste Tropo leaves her secret bed; 
 A saint-like glory trembles round her head; 
 
 # * * # 
 
 O'er her fair form, the electric lustre plays, 
 And cold she moves amid the lambent blaze 
 
So shines the glow-fly, when the sun retires, 
 And gems the night-air with phosphoric fires." 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 Bright the Nasturtium glows, and, late at eve, 
 
 Light, lambent, dances o'er its sleepless bed. 
 
 Biblake. 
 
 The Tropseolum has a calyx of one leaf, five-cleft, 
 slightly spreading, acute, coloured, deciduous, with a necta- 
 riferous spur behind. Five unequal petals, roundish, insert- 
 ed between the segments of the calyx; the two uppermost 
 sessile; three lower, with oblong fringed claws. 
 
 Darwin observes, that " The nectary grows from what 
 is supposed to be the calyx; but this calyx is coloured, and, 
 perhaps, from this circumstance, of its bearing the nectary, 
 should rather be esteemed a part of the corolla." 
 
 The seeds are hot and pungent, much used for pickles: 
 and the flowers are often intermixed with sallad herbs, both 
 for ornament and flavour. 
 
 There is a double-flowered perennial variety of this spe- 
 cies, common in green-houses, and readily increased by cut- 
 tings. 
 
 NETTLE. 
 Urtica. 
 
 Urtica, derived from Uro, to burn, or sting, in allusion 
 to the property which our common nettles are known to pos- 
 sess. 
 
 Nettle, E. Sax. netl, netele; Dutch, netal; Greek, 
 xn>j, from the root of xv<<, xvo>, to scratch. 
 
 The finely acuminated prickles of the Net tie, if examin- 
 ed with a microscope, will be found to resemble the stings 
 of insects, and teeth of adders. Notwithstanding their mi- 
 nuteness, they are hollow, and convey a poisonous fluid, 
 which lurks in a small bag at the base of the sting; upon the 
 sting meeting with resistance, it presses upon this little reser- 
 voir, and ejects the fluid, a caustic essential oil, into the 
 wound made by the point. 
 
 Nettle is supposed to be derived from the Greek word 
 VUTTIIV, to sting. 
 
 [See Skinner, and Lemon, word nettle.] 
 
 Urtica flings 
 Her barbed shafts, and darts her poison'd stings. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 The flowers of this genus have no corolla. The stam- 
 niferous flowers have a cup or calyx of four roundish leaves ; 
 instead of the petals, a honey-cup is placed in the centre of 
 the flower. The pistill\ferous flowers are not, always, on 
 the same plant, but are sometimes seen on distant ones: they 
 have a cup formed of two valves, which, closing, supplies the 
 place of a seed vessel. Seed, solitary, superior, polished. 
 
 NIGHT-SHADE. 
 
 Solatium, and Jltropa. 
 
 Solatium, is among the few ancient names whose source 
 cannot be traced. Rees 1 Cyclopedia. 
 
 Ainsworth, derives Solanum, from Sole, but whether he 
 means the ablative case of Sol, the Sun, or Solee, a city of 
 Cilicia, (founded by Solon, from whom it took its name) from 
 
 whence it may have been originally brought, or where it may 
 have been first observed, does not appear 
 
 Jltropa, from Jltropos, the third Fate, who is supposed 
 to cut the thread of life. Jltropa is the deadly Night-shade 
 of Linnaeus, and other botanists. 
 
 Solanum and Jltropa, are of the same class and order, as 
 designated for Solanum in the glossary. 
 
 Of Night-shade, Skinner offers the following etymo- 
 logy: 
 
 "Night-shade, Teutonic natschade, Solanum; so call- 
 ed, either from its dark colour, or, because it produces sleep, 
 the representative of night; or, rather, according to the Teu- 
 tonic mode of writing, from the Teutonic nacht, night, and 
 schade, damage, as much as to say the damage or destruction 
 of night: because, to wit, it induces perpetual night, at least, 
 if liberally taken." 
 
 The genus Solanum, contains plants of the herbaceous, 
 shrubby, and tuberous-rooted kinds. Many of them esculent, 
 as the potato, egg-plant, tomato, &c. 
 
 The Solanum Nigrum, Garden Night-shade, has white 
 flowers, with yellow anthers; corolla of one petal, wheel- 
 shaped, tube very short; calyx of one leaf, cut half way down 
 into five erect, acute, permanent segments; berries the size 
 of currants, usually black, sometimes yellow; stem bushy; 
 leaves scattered, stalked, ovate, slightly downy, elongated at 
 the base; wavy, or coarsely toothed at the margin. 
 
 Jltropa Belladonna has, also, a one-leafed perianth, five- 
 parted, gibbous; divisions acute, permanent; corolla one-pe- 
 talled, bell-shaped, of a dirty violet colour, longer than the 
 calyx; anthers white, large; berry depressed, furrowed, when 
 ripe, of a shining black colour, sweet, juicy; stem herbaceous, 
 about three feet high ; leaves ovate, entire, two together, of 
 unequal size, petiolated, smooth, of a dull green. The plant 
 is to be avoided, being a strong narcotic poison. In some 
 instances, even half a berry has produced fatal effects. Its 
 root is perennial. 
 
 In the genus Jltropa is found the celebrated Mandrake, 
 or Jl. Mandragora, native of the South of Europe. The 
 fancied resemblance of some of the roots of this plant to the 
 human form; the danger of taking them out of the ground, (it 
 was supposed to cause the certain death of the person who 
 dared to attempt such a deed,) and the groans emitted by it 
 when violence was offered, as well as other surprising virtues 
 ascribed to it, are all equally fabulous. 
 
 Would curses kill, as doth the mandrake's groan, 
 
 I would invent as bitter, searching terms, 
 
 As curst, as harsh, and horrible to hear Shaks. 
 
 And shrieks, like mandrakes, torn out of the earth, 
 That living mortals, hearing them, run mad. Same. 
 
 The Mandrake has a soporific quality, and the ancients 
 used it when they wanted a narcotic of the most powerful 
 kind. [See Johnson.] 
 
 Come, violent death, 
 Serve for Mandragora, to make me sleep. 
 
 Webster's Duchess of Malfy. 
 
Not poppy, nor Mandragora, 
 Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world, 
 Shall ever med'cine thee to that sweet sleep, 
 Which thou owedst yesterday. Shaks. Othello. 
 
 Our common Poke-weed, Phytolacca Decandra, is 
 called the American Night-shade. 
 
 OAK. 
 
 Quercus. 
 
 Quercus, supposed to be derived from the Celtic, quer, 
 fine, and cuez, a tree. The Oak tree was, also, called in the 
 Celtic tongue, derw whence came the word Druid, or Priest 
 of the Oak. 
 
 The etymology of druid, preferred by Skinner, is the 
 Greek word j fU ;, signifying an Oak: "Which tree they held 
 sacred, and under which they offered their sacrifices." (See 
 Pliny and others.) " For I have no doubt," he adds, " that 
 the Massilian Greeks called these priests by this name, on 
 account of their worship of oak trees, from whom the word 
 was transferred to the Romans, and not that these priests 
 called themselves druids." 
 
 Oak, E. Sax. ac, sec; Dutch eik or eikboom; Danish 
 eege-trsee. It is probable that the first syllable, oak, was 
 originally an adjective, expressing some quality, as hard, or 
 strong, and by the disuse of the tree, OAK became the name 
 of the tree. Webster. 
 
 The Oak has no corolla, a calyx of one leaf, bell-shaped, 
 membraneous, with about five small sharp, often cloven, seg- 
 ments. The varieties of the species are too great, to at- 
 tempt a description of their foliage, and too well known to 
 require it. 
 
 Several of the species yield the well known substance 
 called cork, particularly the Q. Suber, or Cork tree, native 
 of the South of Europe, and North of Africa. When this 
 tree is about fifteen years old, the bark, which is a remarkably 
 thick and spongy coat, may be stripped off, successively, for 
 about eight years; it immediately renews itself and, if not 
 removed, it is pushed up, by a second growth, forming under 
 that of the preceding year. Its quality improves with the age 
 of the tree. 
 
 The oak attains to a great age. 
 
 The monarch oak, the patriarch of the trees, 
 Shoots rising up, and spreads, by slow degrees: 
 Three centuries he grows, and three he stays 
 Supreme in state, and in three more decays. 
 
 Dry den. 
 
 Among the Romans, there were various kinds of crowns 
 distributed as rewards of military achievements. The civic 
 crown, made of a branch of green oak, was given to him who 
 had saved the life of a citizen in a battle or assault. This 
 was esteemed more honourable than any other crown. Virgil 
 calls it " civilis quercus." This crown was conferred on Ci- 
 cero, for detecting Cataline's conspiracy and, afterwards, 
 on Augustus Caesar himself. 
 
 Most worthy of the oaken wreath 
 The ancients him esteem'd, 
 
 Who in a battle had from death 
 Some man of worth redeem'd. 
 
 Drayton. 
 
 The oak was sacred to Jupiter, the great guardian of 
 their city; and the Romans might, therefore, deem it the most 
 proper ornament for him who had preserved a citizen. 
 
 Ovid tells us: 
 
 In witness of renown, 
 An Oaken garland did the victor crown. 
 The Laurel was not yet for triumph borne; 
 But ev'ry green, alike, by Phoebus worn, 
 Did, with promiscuous grace, his flowing locks adorn. 
 
 OATS. 
 
 JLmna. 
 
 Jivena, supposed to be derived from aveo, to desire, or 
 covet, cattle being very fond of it. 
 
 [Rees? Cyclopedia.'] 
 
 " Oates, from the Anglo-Saxon Jit en, Avena : this, per- 
 haps, from the Saxon Etan, to eat; for, every where, it is 
 food for horses and, in some places, for men." 
 
 [See Skinner.] 
 
 So that Doctor Johnson's offensive definition of Oats: 
 " A grain which, in England, is generally given to horses; 
 but, in Scotland, supports the people," is only a specific ap- 
 propriation of what Skinner had left general; and is, there- 
 fore, not quite so original a piece of wit as it has been 
 thought. 
 
 The English name Oat is seldom used in the singular 
 only in compound words, as Oat-meal, etc. The second de- 
 finition of Oat, in Johnson, is " Jl small pipe made of oaten 
 straw." And in Pitt's Virgil, we are told that " the musical 
 instruments used by shepherds, were at first made of Oat and 
 Wheat-straw, and were called Jlvena; then of reeds, and 
 hollow pipes of box afterwards of other materials. 
 
 In Virgil, Shakspeare, Milton, and others, there is fre- 
 quent mention of this rural pipe of the pastoral ages. 
 
 Then the shrill sound of a small rural pipe, 
 Was entertainment for the infant stage. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 When shepherds pipe on Oaten-straws, 
 And merry larks are ploughmen's clocks. Shaks. 
 
 Playing on pipes of corn, and versing love. Same. 
 
 In beachen shades, you Tit'rus, stretch'd along, 
 Tune to the slender reed your sylvan song. 
 
 Virgil's Eclogues. 
 
 Charm'd with Arcadian pipe. Milton. 
 
 In the third eclogue of Virgil, we find an amusing contest 
 for supremacy, in music, between two shepherds: 
 
 4- 
 
* 
 
 Menalcas. 
 
 You win a goat by music? * ' 
 
 * * * * 
 
 * * * Whose sole ambition was to draw 
 The mob in streets to hear thy grating straw. 
 
 Damoetas. 
 
 Howe'er that be, suppose we trial make? 
 I to provoke you more, yon heifer stake. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 Pollio approves, though rough my rural reed, etc. 
 
 The flowers of the Oat have no petals, and are disposed 
 in a loose panicle. The essential character of the Oat con- 
 sists in the jointed, twisted awn, or beard, that grows from 
 the back of the blossom. It is remarkable for the elegance 
 of its panicle, and the flexibility of the fruit-stalk, which 
 turns with the slightest breath of wind. 
 
 The Oat, from its simply graceful growth, is now con- 
 sidered a tasteful ornament for a lady's hair; and, for this pur- 
 pose, beautiful imitations are frequently made of it in gold 
 and silver. 
 
 OLEANDER. 
 
 Nerium. 
 
 JVenwrn this Latin name is derived from the Greek 
 N.) ? .ovj and this, again, from the Greek adjective N>JJO;, sig- 
 nifying humid, or wet, because it grows about rivers. 
 
 [See Jlinsworth; and Schrevelius' Lexicon.] 
 
 Oleander, E. Fr. Oleandre; the plant rosebay. 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 JVertwm Oleander, or common Rosebay, natives of the 
 South of Europe, East Indies, etc. All the species are 
 beautiful tall shrubs, evergreen, with splendid flowers, usually 
 of a rose colour. The white variety is the most tender. 
 
 Oriental travellers have, with great taste and probability, 
 supposed this to be the Bay-tree to which the righteous man 
 is compared by the royal Psalmist. 
 
 The flowers are large and rich, with a calyx in five deep, 
 acute, permanent segments: corolla monopetalous, salver- 
 shaped, contorted ; its mouth crowned with five divided leaf- 
 lets; inodorous; seeds crowned with down. 
 
 All the species are supposed to have a poisonous quality. 
 Ladies would do well, therefore, to beware of applying it 
 to their lips, as is too generally their custom with their bou- 
 quets. 
 
 OLIVE. 
 
 Olea. 
 
 Olea, L. the celebrated t^i* of the Greeks. The word 
 is derived from the Greek \ it , ; , smooth; alluding, probably, 
 to the nature and qualities of the oil for there is no remark- 
 able smoothness about the plant, unless it be the upper sur- 
 face of its leaves. Its value, on account of its oil, has ren- 
 dered it famous throughout all antiquity. 
 
 The Olive was sacred to Minerva. The Athenians held 
 it in such repute, that they ascribed its production to their 
 tutelar deity, Minerva. The famous dispute between Nep- 
 
 tune and her, as to the right of worship in the capital of At- 
 tica, being referred to the gods, it was decided that which 
 ever of the two should give to the inhabitants of the earth the 
 most useful present, should have the patronage of the city. 
 The Olive, produced by Minerva, being the emblem of peace 
 and comfort, was, unanimously, pronounced to be superior to 
 Neptune's Horse the symbol of war and bloodshed. Thence- 
 forth she became the tutelar deity of the city, to which she 
 gave her own name Jlthenee : therefore, it had been called 
 Cecropia, in honour of its founder Cecrops. 
 
 The Olive, as an emblem of peace, is as old as the de- 
 luge. It was a branch of Olive, brought back to the Ark by 
 Noah's dove, which testified that the waters, the ministers of 
 Heaven's vengeance, had subsided. 
 
 I hold the Olive in my hand: my words are 
 As full of peace as of matter. 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 To thee the Heavens, in thy nativity, 
 
 Adjur'd an Olive branch, and laurel crown, 
 
 As likely to be blest in peace and war. Shaks. 
 
 In Rome, a particular sort of coronet, made with Olive 
 boughs, was bestowed in consideration of some signal act of 
 valour. 
 
 The Olive is a remarkably long-lived tree. According 
 to some authorities, flourishing more than five centuries. In 
 France it is asserted, that there are trees which two men can 
 scarcely encompass with their arms. The flowers of the 
 Olive are small, white, slightly odoriferous, and disposed in 
 clusters like those of the currant: sometimes the clusters are 
 almost as numerous as the leaves. Each flower consists of a 
 one-leaf calyx; a monopetalous corolla, divided into four 
 lobes, funnel-shaped. The fruit is called, by botanists, a 
 drupe, (drupa, Latin.) Leaves generally smooth, and of a 
 light green above, whitish and somewhat downy, with a pro- 
 minent rib beneath. 
 
 The Olive is said to be extremely tenacious of life; and 
 it is asserted that, when the trunk has perished by frost or fire, 
 it sprouts anew. And that, even if a bit of the bark, with a 
 thin layer of wood, be buried in the earth, it becomes a per- 
 fect plant 
 
 [See "Michaux's North American Sylva."] 
 
 The ancients relied chiefly upon propagation by slips; 
 an easy and expeditious mode, still generally followed in 
 Spain. 
 
 ORANGE. 
 
 Cirrus Jlurantium. 
 
 (For Citrus, see Lemon.) 
 
 Skinner says, the Orange takes its name from the barba- 
 rous Latin, Jlurantium which denotes its golden colour. 
 
 From aureo (L. ) golden, colore, colour. The aureum 
 malum, or golden apple of the ancients. Johnson. 
 
 We are told that Citrus Jlurantium, China, or Sweet 
 Orange, which first made its appearance in Europe, was sent 
 as a present to the old Conde Mellor, then prime minister to 
 the king of Portugal: but that, of the whole case sent to Lis- 
 bon, there was only one tree which lived, and became the 
 
parent of all the flourishing trees since cultivated by the gar- 
 deners. 
 
 The Orange tree is of a middling size. The leaf of the 
 Sweet, or China Orange, is ovate, lanceolate, alternate, very 
 little toothed, or not at all; sprinkled with small, resinous, 
 transparent tubercles, resembling those of some species of 
 Hypericum. The flowers of the Orange are white, odorous, 
 in short racemes, towards the end of the branches: its scent 
 has no rival, and is said to be as salutary as it is delicious, not 
 affecting the nerves, as that of other flowers, but strengthen- 
 ing them. 
 
 Know'st thou the land, where groves of citron flower, 
 The golden Orange, darkling leaves embower! 
 The gentle breezes wave the azure skies; 
 The myrtle still, and high the laurel rise? 
 
 Know'st thou the land: Oh there! oh there! 
 
 I long with thee, my lov'd one, to repair. 
 
 Oh there! oh there! Goethe. 
 
 OX EYE. 
 
 Buphthalmum. 
 
 Buphthalmum, L. from the Greek /Sous, ox, and o$3*>.j;, 
 eye. 
 
 A genus of plants to be found every where between the 
 tropics: some of them evergreen, all, with yellow terminal 
 flowers. Herbaceous, shrubby, perennial. Flowers, a com- 
 mon calyx. Corolla compound, radiate; florets of the disk 
 numerous, funnel-shaped, with a five-parted, rather spreading 
 border. Receptacle chaffy. 
 
 Ox-Eye, still green, and bitter patience. 
 
 Garland of Flora. 
 
 PARSLEY. 
 
 Jlpium, perhaps, derived from Jlpes, Bees because 
 these insects are fond of it. The genus Jlpium includes 
 parsley, small-age, cellery, etc. all umbelliferous plants. 
 
 Parsley E. Fr. persil; Swedish persilva; Danish pe- 
 tersille, persille; Greek n-'Tjoo-sMvav; VSTI^; a stone, and 
 <T\>vov, parsley. Stone parsley growing among rocks. 
 
 Although parsley is so commonly used at table, it is said 
 not to agree with all constitutions; sometimes occasioning 
 epilepsy, and producing inflammation of the eyes. 
 
 [See Rees' Cyclopedia.] 
 
 It has the reputation of being a great purifier of the 
 breath from the smoke of a cigar, etc. 
 
 PASSION FLOWER. 
 Pass (flora. 
 
 Passiflora, a name altered by Linnaeus from the Flos 
 Passionis: derived from the Latin Patior, to suffer, and 
 Flos, a flower. 
 
 The Passion flowers are natives of America: some of the 
 varieties, to the South, are of a bright red colour: those of 
 the North are, generally, pale blue, or yellow. 
 
 It is said that the plant owes its name to the missiona- 
 ries, who first discovered it while travelling over the country. 
 The instruments of our Saviour's passion, were thought to be 
 
 represented by it. The five stamens were compared to his five 
 wounds; the three styles, the nails by which he was fixed to 
 the cross; the column which elevates the germen, to the cross 
 itself; and the rays of the nectary to his crown of thorns. 
 
 The calyx is of one leaf, in five deep coloured segments; 
 petals five, inserted into the calyx; nectary a complex radi- 
 ating crown; seeds with a pulpy tunic, about the size of a 
 lime. 
 
 The common blue Passion-flower, P. Cserulea, has 
 leaves deeply palmate, in five smooth segments. 
 
 High o'er the pointal, deck'd with gold, 
 
 (Emblem mysterious to behold,) 
 
 A radiant cross its form expands; 
 
 Its opening arms appear to embrace 
 
 The whole collective human race, 
 
 Refuge of all men, in all lands! Harte. 
 
 PEA EVERLASTING. 
 
 Lathyrus Latifolius. 
 
 Lathyrus, a name adopted from Theophrastus, whose 
 Lathuros appears evidently to be, like ours, something of the 
 pea or vetch kind. 
 
 The chief distinction between the pea (pisum) and the 
 vetchling, (lathynts) consists in the shaft; in the pea, it is 
 triangular, keel-shaped, and woolly; whilst that of the vetch- 
 ling is flat and upright, with a woolly summit. 
 
 Pisum is said, by De Theis, to be derived from the Cel- 
 tic Pisen, and that Pisen is the common root of this word in 
 all languages. Hence the Anglo-Saxon pisa the English 
 pea, pease, and still in obsolete Norfolk, peasen; the French, 
 pois, pesiere; Italian, piso; Welsh, pus; all synonymous 
 with pisum, said by the learned to be deduced from the Greek 
 3n<r3v, which means the same thing. 
 
 The common garden Pea, Pisum sativum, bearing 
 pearly-white, inodorous flowers. The field, or grey pea, P. 
 Jlrvense, with solitary purplish flowers, whose wings are of 
 a violet purple. The marrow-fat, etc. are the esculent pea 
 kinds; the roots annual. 
 
 Vetchling, or Vetch, is of common origin with vicia, an 
 old Latin name, derived by some etymologists from vincio, 
 to bind together, as the various species of this genus twine, 
 with their tendrils, round other plants. 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius, or Great Everlasting Pea, well 
 known to most people; cultivated for its flowers: it has roots 
 that endure for a long course of years, throwing out long 
 climbing stems, which bear large bunches of beautiful crim- 
 son flowers; leaflets elliptical, in pairs; stem winged; peri- 
 anth inferior, of one leaf, bell-shaped; corona papilionaceous; 
 standard very large, inversely heart-shaped, reflexed at the 
 sides and summit; icings smaller, oblong, somewhat crescent- 
 shaped; keel semicircular, the size of the wings, but broader, 
 separating about the middle, inwards. Native of Europe. 
 
 SWEET PEA. 
 Lathyrus Odoratus. 
 
 Common Sweet Pea, L. O. is a hardy annual, native of 
 Sicily and Ceylon. Stalks two-flowered. Leaflets ovate, 
 oblong, two to each branched tendril; legumes hairy. 
 
The fragrance of the Sweet Pea blossom is similar to 
 that of the Orange flowers, with a mixture of the rose. These 
 blossoms are peculiar for their elegant negligence of form, 
 and delicacy and richness of colouring, varied with claret-co- 
 lour, blue, lilac, rose, white, etc ., all in the same flower. It 
 is much cultivated by the market florists. 
 
 Here are Sweet Peas, on tip-toe for a flight, 
 
 With wings of gentle flush o'er delicate white, 
 
 And taper fingers catching at all things, 
 
 To bind them all about, with tiny rings. Keats. 
 
 PEACH BLOSSOM. 
 
 Jlmygdalus. 
 
 (For Amygdalus, see Almond.) 
 
 Peach E. Fr. peche; It. pesca; Lat. malum persicum, 
 
 a tree and fruit. See Webster and Johnson. 
 
 The native country of the peach is not known. It came 
 
 to the Remans from Persia. Jlees' Cy. 
 
 Skinner tells us that the name of the fruit, Peach, comes 
 
 through the French pesche or peche, and Italian pesca, from 
 
 persica, in allusion to the country of its origin. 
 
 PENNYROYAL. 
 
 Cunila pulegioides, and Mentha pulegium. 
 
 Cunila, from the Gr. xoixt. Ainsworth defines it "An 
 herb whereof there are three sorts, viz. savory, marjoram, 
 and pennyroyal." 
 
 It may be that the word is derived from the Latin cunio, 
 to defile, on account of its strong scent, which to many per- 
 sons is disagreeable. 
 
 Cunila pulegioides, the N. American species, has stems 
 seven or eight inches high, erect, pubescent, branched; leaves 
 oblong, two-toothed, opposite, smooth above, roughish with 
 short hairs underneath, on short petioles; root annual; flow- 
 crs in axillary whorls, shorter than the leaves, continued from 
 the upper to the lower pair of leaves; two lower divisions of 
 the calyx bristle-shaped, ciliated. It has a strong scent, and 
 an infusion of it is said by Kalm to be used by persons who 
 have taken cold, and have a pain in their limbs. 
 
 Mentha, the name of the English plant, is an ancient 
 Latin name, mostly written menta, adopted from the Greeks, 
 whose /tivSii (mint) is synonymous with their ^Juoovio; (mint, 
 cinnamon) the latter being generally used. See Dioscorides, 
 book 3, chap. 41. 
 
 The nymph JWintha, a favourite of Pluto, is fabled to 
 have been changed by Proserpine into this herb. 
 
 Our common mint, is of this genus. 
 
 The Mentha pulegium, common pennyroyal of England, 
 has flowers whorled. Leaves ovate. Stems prostrate. Flow- 
 er-stalks downy. Calyx hairy all over, with fringed teeth. 
 Corolla twice the length of the calyx; very hairy externally, 
 shorter than the stamens. The broadest segment of the 
 corolla is decidedly cloven, as it ought to be in the JVLentha. 
 The flavour of pennyroyal is peculiarly strong, resembling 
 Thymus Nepeta, but not confined to these plants. Some 
 cunilse have the same scent. 
 
 Class and order of Mentha, Didynamia, Gymnosper- 
 mia. Nat. Ord. same as Cunila. 
 
 PEONY. 
 Pseonia. 
 
 Pseonia, in memory of Paeon, the physician, whom Ho- 
 mer records as having cured Pluto with this herb, when he 
 was wounded by Hercules. 
 
 Pseon was a pupil of JEsculapius, who, being jealous on 
 account of this famous cure, is said to have secretly caused 
 the death of Pseon; but Pluto, in gratitude, changed him 
 into the flower which bears his name, and which has been 
 celebrated throughout all antiquity, for its wonderful virtues; 
 protecting persons from enchantment, driving away evil spi- 
 rits, etc. 
 
 The superb double crimson Peony of our gardens, P. 
 ojfficinalis, is a native of Switzerland and the Alps. Calyx 
 of five leaves; petals roundish, concave, contracted at their 
 base, spreading, very large, terminal, solitary; stem herba- 
 ceous, annual, two feet high, with large spreading, compound, 
 dark-green leaves; the root perennial. 
 
 There might ye see the Peony spreading wide. 
 
 Cowper. 
 
 PERIWINKLE. 
 
 Vinca. 
 
 Vinca, the best derivation may, perhaps, be from Vin- 
 cio, to bind, or wrap up: because its long, trailing, or twin- 
 ing branches, wind themselves around, and entangle every 
 other plant in their way. Rees 1 Cyclopedia. 
 
 Periwinkle, Latin, Vinca, Sax. Wincle, a shell-fish. 
 2. A plant of the genus Vinca. [See Webster.] 
 
 Skinner says: "Perwinkle, or Periwinkle, Clematis 
 Daphnoides Anglo-Saxon, Perwinc, Peruince, barbarous 
 Latin, Vinca, Pervinca, so called, perhaps, because Vincit, 
 it binds up that is, stops the flowing of wounds, and some 
 other hemorrhages; or, according to Lobelius, because it 
 always flourishes, and conquers, and overcomes continually 
 (vincit and pervincif) the injuries of the air. 
 
 In France, the Periwinkle has been made the emblem 
 of "the pleasures of memory," and sincere friendship. Pos- 
 sibly in allusion to Rosseau's recollection of his friend Madam 
 de Warrens, after the lapse of thirty years, produced by the 
 sight of the flower they had admired together. 
 
 The general character of this genus, is a perianth, in- 
 ferior, of one leaf; corolla monopetalous, contorted, salver- 
 shaped, inferior. 
 
 The Vinca minor, found in every garden, with scent- 
 less flowers, of a deep blue, white in the centre or white 
 flowers, with a variegated leaf both perennial; stems erect; 
 while in flower they become trailing, creeping extensively; 
 leaves evergreen, opposite, about an inch long, elliptic-lan- 
 ceolate, smooth at the edges. Native of Egypt. 
 
 V. Rosea, Madagascar Periwinkle, has an erect, shrub- 
 by stem; flowers sessile in pairs; leaves elliptic-oblong, en- 
 tire, rather downy, bluntish, two inches long. Native of the 
 East Indies, now become a popular green-house plant, flow- 
 ering the greater part of the year; corolla either rose colour, 
 or pure white; the centre always of a peculiarly rich crimson, 
 with a yellow eye. 
 
PHLOX. 
 
 Phlox Greek <px.5 the PAZoz of Theophrastus. The 
 name is synonymous with flame; alluding, as is supposed, to 
 the bright colour, or fiery hue of some of the species. 
 
 The genus was termed Lychnidea, by Plukenet and Dil- 
 lenius, because of its resemblance to Lychnis. But a name 
 so constructed, being against all rule, Linnaeus evidently took 
 up the idea of Luchnis (Lychnis) as alluding either to the 
 shape or to the wick of a lamp, (see Lychnis) and adopted 
 Phlox, as a word nearly expressive of the same thing. 
 
 Fourteen species of this handsome tribe have been enu- 
 merated. All, except Ph. Sibirica, are natives of N. Ame- 
 rica; and, as far as we know, of no other country. 
 
 Rees' Cyclopedia. 
 
 The flowers are showy, of various hues of purple, or 
 pink; and, in one instance, of a brilliant white, as in the PA. 
 Suaveolens, fragrant white Phlox. 
 
 Ph. Paniculata, Great Common Phlox, or Panicled 
 Lychnidea, has blossoms of a fine lilac hue; scentless. 
 
 Ph. Pyramidalis, Pyramidal Phlox, has flowers in a 
 dense pyramidal cluster, of a rich purple; honey-scented; 
 stem purple-spotted : a very ornamental species. 
 
 Ph. jyiaculata, Spotted-stalked Lychnidea, or Wild 
 Sweet William, is a more slender and narrow-leafed species, 
 frequent in our gardens; distinguished from the last named, 
 by the recurved teeth of its calyx. 
 
 The flowers of this genus have a corolla salver-shaped, 
 monopetalous; calyx of one leaf, tubular, with five angles, 
 and five deep acute teeth, permanent; perennial, herbaceous, 
 entire leafed. 
 
 PINE. 
 Finns. 
 
 Linnseus places Pinus amongst ancient Latin names, of 
 unknown origin. Rees* Cyclopedia. 
 
 Pinus, Latin, from the Greek riim?, which, according to 
 Schrevelius, comes from the Greek adjective riioi/, signifying 
 fat, because the tree abounds in rezin resin. 
 
 Pine, Fr. pin; Sp. It. pino; L,.pinus; Sax. pinntreow, 
 pin-tree; Dutch, pyn-boom; Welsh, pin-bren, pin-tree, and 
 pin-gwyz, pin-wood. These words all indicate that this 
 name is from the leaves of the pine, which resemble pins. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 According to Heathen mythology, the pine was sacred 
 to Rhea, mother of Jupiter. (Rhea, one of the names under 
 which the earth was worshipped.) 
 
 " To Rhea, grateful still the pine remains." 
 
 Congreve's Ovid. 
 
 Lempriere tells us, that Jltys, a celebrated shepherd of 
 Phrygia, much esteemed by Cybcle, (Cybele, same as Rhea, 
 Vesta, Ceres, etc.) because he had introduced her worship 
 and festivals into Asia Minor, was, after his death, changed 
 into a Pi?ie tree, by Cybele, and, ever after, that tree was 
 sacred to the mother of the gods. 
 
 Pan, one of the rural deities, was crowned with Pine.. 
 He was in love with the nymph Syrinx, who was transformed 
 into a bundle of reeds, from which Pan afterwards formed the 
 musical instrument called Syrinx, or Pan's pipes. 
 
 " A crown of Pine upon his head he wore ; 
 
 And thus began her pity to implore." 
 
 Dry den's Ovid. 
 
 Black Spruce Pine, P. JV7gra, to be found from Cana- 
 da to Carolina. The black, or double spruce, Jlbies Jfigra, 
 of Michaux the young branches of which are used in 
 making the well known spruce beer. The leaves are of a 
 dark, gloomy green; cones ovate, hardly above an inch long, 
 crowded about the sides of the last year's shoots, which have 
 protruded beyond them, and before they become dry, are of 
 a rich purple. 
 
 Pinus rigida, is known all over the United States, by 
 the name of pitch pine sometimes in Virginia called black 
 pine. The spines of the cones being reflexed, not inflexed, 
 will, at any time, distinguish them. 
 
 Pinus Jlbies, Norway Spruce Fir, much cultivated as 
 an ornament in gardens, etc. The long, sweeping, fan-like 
 branches, often borne down by loads of snow, have a beauti- 
 ful appearance. The leaves are copiously scattered all 
 around the branches, ascending, somewhat imbricated, each 
 scarcely an inch long, on a short stalk. Cones pendulous, 
 solitary at the end of each branch, a span long, nearly cylin- 
 drical, light brown, smooth, of numerous, flattish, rigid, rhom- 
 boid scales, waved at the edge, and notched at the point. 
 The Burgundy pitch is prepared from this species. 
 
 PINK. 
 
 Dianthus. 
 
 Dianthus L. from the Greek j (S J.o;, Jove, and an&o?, a 
 flower. A name given by Linnzeus to the pink and carna- 
 tion genus, and which signifies Jove's flower. 
 
 " Pink, English; Pince, French, from pink, Dutch, an 
 eye: whence the French word cellet, i.e. eyelet; Caryophil- 
 lum, Latin." Johnson. 
 
 The primitive pink is simple, red, or white, and scented; 
 by culture the petals have been enlarged and multiplied, and 
 its colour infinitely varied. 
 
 With hues on hues expression cannot paint, 
 The breath of Nature and her endless bloom. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 Each Pink sends forth its choicest sweet 
 
 Aurora's warm embrace to meet. M. Robinson. 
 
 Florists designate two principal subdivisions, Carna- 
 tions and Pinks. The latter are distinguished by an eye- 
 like spot, and a more humble growth, and by some asserted to 
 be a distinct species. 
 
 Carnation. 
 
 Spencer writes it Coronation, probably because they 
 were used on such festive occasions; and from hence, proba- 
 bly, the present name. 
 
 Bring Coronations, and sops in wine, 
 
 Worn of paramours. Spencer. 
 
 It was also called "Clove-Gtily flmcer," from its clove- 
 
 * 
 
like scent: and "sops in wine," as it was frequently used to 
 flavour liquors and choice dishes; being thought medicinal, as 
 well as agreeable. Hence, also, its modern specific name, 
 from Caryophyllum, Latin for a clove . 
 
 Some derive the English name Carnation, from Carries, 
 Latin, for flesh colour, which may have been the predomi- 
 nant original colour of the flower. 
 
 " Carnation'd like a sleeping infant's cheek." 
 
 Byron. 
 
 The floieer of the Carnation is, sometimes, more than 
 three inches in diameter. The petals crenate, but less 
 fringed, or notched, than those of the pink sometimes not 
 at all so. The calyx more than an inch in length, termi- 
 nating with broad points, calyx-scales, somewhat rhomboid, 
 very short. 
 
 Indian Pink; or, China Pink. 
 
 Its flowers placed singly on branching stems, like those 
 of the common pink, of glowing vivid red colours. The 
 marks of colouring most beautiful, in its single state, ob- 
 scured when the petals multiply. It is scentless, and gene- 
 rally considered as an annual; but the plant may be pre- 
 served several years in a dry loamy soil, by cutting down 
 their flower-stalks before the seeds ripen. They require but 
 little water. 
 
 Mountain Pink. Grey-leafed; or, Chedder Pink. 
 
 From its being observed to grow chiefly on Chedder- 
 rocks, near the village of Chedder, in England. Native of 
 lime-stone rocks and mountains. The leaves are very glau- 
 ceous; flowers pale pink, very sweet-scented; of an humble 
 growth, but aspiring ambition as to situation. Csesius, Latin, 
 alludes to the grey colour of its herbage. 
 
 Red Pink. 
 
 The double, of an uniform colour, without blotches, de- 
 signated. 
 
 Pinks have a cylindrical calyx of one leaf, divided into 
 five teeth at the orifice, two pair of scales at their base. 
 Corolla, in its single state, of five petals, with long claws 
 tapering downwards, inserted into the receptacle; borders 
 horizontally spreading, wedge-shaped, abrupt, crenate, or 
 notched. 
 
 PLEURISY ROOT. 
 
 Jisclepias 
 
 Jlsclepias, from JEsculapius, the god of medicine, who 
 is said to have discovered the virtues of the plants of this 
 genus, and to whom one of the species was anciently conse- 
 crated. 
 
 The English name Swallow-wort, applied to the whole 
 genus, is from the Dutch Swaluw-wortel from the fancied 
 resemblance of the seeds to a swallow flying. The seeds are 
 winged, as those of many other flowers, which facilitates 
 their dissemination, being more easily borne off by the wind. 
 
 The United States furnishes the greatest variety of this 
 beautiful and useful genus of plants. The tender shoots of 
 some are eaten as asparagus. The down furnishes a silk 
 
 or cotton used in making mattresses, and manufactured in 
 various ways. The root is in great repute in the materia 
 medica. 
 
 The Jlsclepias Tuberosa (or Tuberous-rooted Swallow 
 wort) is variously denominated, as Pleurisy; or Ache-in-the- 
 side plant, from its medicinal virtues: Butterfly-weed, from 
 its being a favourite resort of the insects of that tribe, etc. 
 Its flowers are of a bright orange colour; stems a foot 
 high, hairy, round, dusky red; leaves alternate, lanceolate. 
 Native of Virginia, and cultivated in the royal garden at 
 Hampton court, in England. 
 
 The Ji. Decumbens has, also, bright orange coloured 
 flowers; stem decumbent, a foot and a half high, hairy; 
 leaves narrow, flat, opposite; umbel compact, at the extremi- 
 ty of the branches. 
 
 There are rose-coloured varieties, white, etc. The ge- 
 neral character of their flowers is, a calyx five-cleft, sharp, 
 very small, permanent; corolla monopetalous, flat, or reflex, 
 five-parted; nectaries five, growing to the tube of the fila- 
 ments, putting forth a sharp little horn, protruding from the 
 bottom, bending inwards. 
 
 The Jlsclepias Syriaca, or Syrian Swallow wort, abun- 
 dant in North America, is much used in medicine, as an al- 
 terative, tonic, etc. the whole plant filled with a milky juice, 
 perfectly harmless. Flowers of a dingy purple, succeeded 
 by large oval pods. It is the shoots of this plant, more par- 
 ticularly, that is made a substitute for asparagus. The Cana- 
 dians are said to make sugar from its flowers, and to prefer 
 the cotton of this species. 
 
 Jlsclepias incarnata, flesh coloured swallow-wort. 
 Leaves lanceolate; stem divided at the top; umbels erect, 
 twin. This puts out several upright stalks about two feet 
 high; at the top of which are produced close umbels of pink 
 flowers in August. 
 
 POLYANTHOS. 
 
 Primula. 
 (See Primrose.) 
 
 Polyanthos, a word used in general to denote a plant 
 which bears several or more flowers. It is compounded from 
 the Greek B-SJ.V;, much, many, and av5o s , a flower. The 
 Polyanthos, like the Auricula, produces an umbel of many 
 flowers on one common scape or stem. 
 
 Those most admired, are shaded with a dark rich crim- 
 son, resembling velvet, with bright golden yellow edges. 
 
 " Cinque spotted like the crimson drops 
 P the bottom of a cowslip. 
 
 Bring the rathe Primrose that forsaken dies, 
 
 Shaks. 
 
 With cowslips wan that hang the pensive head, 
 And every flower that sad embroidery wears. 
 
 Milton's Lycidas. 
 
 And Polyanthos of unnumber'd dyes. Thomson. 
 
 The love-sick cowslip, that head inclines, 
 
 To hide a bleeding heart. Hurdis. 
 
POMEGRANATE. 
 Punica. 
 
 Punica, the malum punicum of the ancients, so called, 
 it is presumed, because the Romans first obtained this fruit 
 from the north of Africa. It was sometimes called malum 
 granatum, in allusion to its internal granulations whence its 
 English name Pomegranate. 
 
 Punica L. from Pseni, the Carthagenians. 
 
 Ainsworth defines punica 1. Of Africa 2. Red, scar- 
 let colour. 
 
 Gen. cha. of the flowers calyx, superior of one leaf, 
 bell-shaped, coloured, permanent, in five acute segments. 
 Corolla of five petals, roundish, rather spreading, inserted 
 into the calyx. There is a beautiful double variety, valued 
 on account of their flowers. 
 
 The punic granite op'd its rose-like flowers; 
 The orange breath'd its aromatic powers. 
 
 Harte. 
 
 POPPY. 
 Papaver. 
 
 Papaver, according to the most learned etymologists, 
 because the flowers, or fruit, of this plant was formerly mixed 
 with the pap, or papa, given to children in order to procure 
 sleep. 
 
 This genus is so variously diversified, that two plants are 
 seldom alike in their flowers. 
 
 In the time of Gesner,* the village Damons and Phyl- 
 lises proved the sincerity of their lovers by placing a petal of 
 the poppy in the hollow of the palm of the left hand ; which, 
 on being struck by the other hand, gave a sound that denoted 
 true attachment, or faithlessness, when it failed to snap. 
 
 " By a prophetic poppy-leaf I found 
 Your changed affection, for it gave no sound, 
 Though in my hand struck hollow as it lay, 
 But quickly withered, like your love, away." 
 
 The largest heads of the single flowering white poppies 
 are preferred for the making of opium. These, being wound- 
 ed as they grow, yield a milky juice, which, by drying, be- 
 comes opium. 
 
 Ceres is supposed to have given rise to the poppy to 
 assuage her grief, during her search after her daughter Pro- 
 serpine, who was carried away by Pluto. 
 
 Indulgent Ceres knew my worth, 
 And to adorn the teeming earth, 
 She bade the poppy rise. 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 Sleep-bringing poppy, by the ploughman late, 
 Not without cause, to Ceres consecrate. 
 
 W. Browne. 
 
 * Gesner was pronounced to be " the greatest Naturalist the world 
 had seen since Aristotle; the first who ever collected a museum of natu- 
 ral history, and the discoverer of the only true principles of botanical 
 arrangement in the flower and fruit, to which the very existence of bo- 
 tany, as a science, is owing," born at Zurich, in 1516, and lived to the 
 age of forty-nine. 
 
 The herb of the White Poppy, P. Somniferum, is 
 erect, branched, very glaucous, with broad, obtuse, simple, 
 wavy leaves, clasping the stem, the upper part of which is 
 clothed with coarse, spreading hairs; calyx smooth, of two 
 leaves; petals nearly globose; root annual. 
 
 From a poppy I have taken 
 Mortals' balm, and mortals' bane: 
 Juice, that creeping through the heart, 
 Deadens ev'ry sense of smart; 
 Doom'd to heal, or doom'd to kill, 
 Fraught with good, or fraught with ill. 
 
 Mrs. M. Robinson. 
 
 JVoa; (or Night) daughter of Chaos, was crowned with 
 poppies. 
 
 PRIDE OF CHINA. 
 
 JYIelia Jlzedarach. 
 
 Jftelia, a name adopted by Linnccus for this tree; appa- 
 rently because its leaves resemble those of the Jlsh, It is a 
 native of Syria: thrives well in our Southern States. 
 
 The pulp which surrounds the nut is said to be poison- 
 ous; but the berries, when ripe, are eagerly sought for and 
 eaten by cattle and birds, particularly the red-breast, without 
 any ill effect. The bark of its roots and branches is esteem- 
 ed an effectual vermifuge. 
 
 In the southern parts of Europe, the nuts are threaded 
 for beads, to assist the devotion of good Catholics; for which 
 purpose they are peculiarly suited, having a natural perfora- 
 tion through the centre. Hence the tree has been called Jlr- 
 bor Sancta; and by the Spaniards Jlrbol Parayso. It has, 
 also, the English names of Bead-tree, or Pride of India. 
 
 The flowers have a reddish lilac hue: they form axillary 
 clusters at the extremity of the branches, and exhale a deli- 
 cious odour. Calyx of one leaf, five-toothed; petals five; nec- 
 tary cylindrical, toothed at its mouth, bearing anthers; drupa 
 a nut of five cells; leaflets ovate, notched, pointed, bright 
 green above, paler beneath, 
 
 EVENING PRIMROSE. 
 
 (Enothera. 
 
 (Enothera, L., from the Greek oiws, wine, and 3->ij, a 
 searching or catching, bestowed upon the plant on account 
 of the root having caught the perfume of wine, from being 
 dried. 
 
 The (Enothera Biennis, or Tree Primrose, is a North 
 American plant, with a stem two or three feet high, some- 
 times branched, leafy, angular, rough, with minute tubercles, 
 'hairy; leaves alternate, ovate, or lanceolate, toothed, downy; 
 the lowest stalked, longer, and somewhat waved; flowers 
 sessile in the bosoms of the upper leaves, so as to form a large 
 spike; of a fine pale yellow, delicately fragrant; expanding in 
 the evening. The unfolding of the petals is so sudden, as to 
 cause an audible sound, from the separation of the calyx- 
 leaves suddenly appearing in a cup shape, progressively ex- 
 panding, until they become quite flat; biennial. 
 
 You Evening Primroses, when day has fled, 
 
 Open your pallid flowers, by dew and moonlight fed. 
 
 Barton. 
 
(Enothera sheaths in many a fold, 
 Of primrose scent and hue her fainter gold, 
 Nor yet unbinds the firmly clasping zone, 
 Till eve's mild lustre mingles with her own. 
 
 The primrose, tenant of the glade, 
 Emblem of virtue in the shade. 
 
 Jno. Mayne. 
 
 Evans. 
 
 A tuft of Evening primroses, 
 O'er which the wind may hover till it dozesj 
 O'er which it well might take a pleasant sleep, 
 But, that 'tis ever startled by the leap 
 Of buds into ripe flowers. Keats. 
 
 (Enothera Odorata, Sweet-scented, or Curl-leafed Even- 
 ing Primrose, was introduced into England by Sir J. Banks, 
 from the coast of Patagonia, and seems to be likely to super- 
 sede the other species. It is a tolerably hardy perennial 
 plant the stem of which does not die completely down; 
 beautiful with its waved foliage, yellow blossoms, and desira- 
 ble for its perfume. Its flowers expand, also, only in the 
 evening. 
 
 Than vainer flowers tho' sweeter far, 
 
 The Evening Primrose shuns the day 5 
 Blossoms only to the western star, 
 
 And loves its solitary ray. 
 
 Dr. Langfwrne. 
 
 And one, who mark'd with depth of thought, 
 How the bright day-flowers droop away, 
 
 An Evening primrose only bought, 
 Which opens at the close of day. 
 
 Judgment of Flowers. 
 
 (Enothera pumila, Dwarf CEnothera, is another North 
 American species: the smallest of the genus with small yel- 
 low sessile, spiked flowers, which remain expanded in the 
 day as well as evening. Perennial root; stems scarcely a 
 foot high, smooth, reddish; leaves sessile, light green, tinged 
 with red at their points, rather blunt. 
 
 There are also varieties of purple, pink, etc. 
 
 PRIMROSE, PURPLE. 
 Primula. 
 
 Primula, from primus, first, a name given to this genus 
 from their early bloom, being the first offering of Spring. 
 
 The Cowslip, Polyanthus, Primrose, Auricula, etc., are 
 all of this family. 
 
 The primrose was anciently called Paralisos, the name 
 of a beautiful youth, son of Priapus and Flora, who died of 
 grief for the loss of his betrothed Melicerta, and by his pa- 
 rents was metamorphosed into this flower, which has since 
 divided the favour of the poets, with the Violet and the Rose. 
 
 Beneath the sylvan canopy, the ground 
 
 Glitters with flowery dyes; the primrose first 
 
 In mossy dell, return of Spring to greet. Gisborne. 
 
 The primrose pale, is Nature's meek and modest child. 
 
 Balfour. 
 
 The general character of the flowers of the genus pri- 
 mula, is a calyx of one leaf, tubular, with five angles, and 
 five acute upright teeth, permanent; corolla monopetalous, 
 tube cylindrical; limb spreading, cut halfway down into five 
 heart-shaped segments. 
 
 PRIVET. 
 
 Ligustrum. 
 
 Ligustrum, a name found in Pliny, and other Latin wri- 
 ters, by which the Oriental Cypros [Lawsonia inermis] 
 seems originally to have been intended, but which is, now, 
 universally received for our Privet. 
 
 The species generally cultivated is the common Privet, 
 L. vulgaris. A shrub of five or six feet high; white Jlow- 
 ers; perianth inferior, of one leaf, tubular, very small; co- 
 rolla monopetalous, funnel-shaped, four-cleft; berries dark 
 purple, very bitter, like the foliage and bark: almost ever- 
 green. It was formerly known by the name of print, or 
 prim-print, probably from its neat and regular appearance, 
 when clipped and trimmed. 
 
 QUAMOCLIT. 
 Ipomxa. 
 
 Ipomxa, a name given by Linnxus, which he derived 
 from the Greek 14/5 and o^on;, like: by which appellation he 
 evidently intended to express the close resemblance of the 
 present plant to Convolvulus. It has been remarked, that 
 Linnaeus mistook the meaning of the first Greek word, ly 
 which signifies a creeping sort of worm that infests and cor- 
 rodes vines, and not the Convolvulus plant. 
 
 Quamoclit, an Indian name, retained by Plumier, and 
 Tournefort as generic but, by Linnaeus used only as the spe- 
 cific appellation of a beautiful species of Ipomaea, popularly 
 denominated busy-body. It is an East Indian vine, remark- 
 able for its finely pectinated leaves and rich crimson blossoms. 
 This winged-leaf Ipoma;a has a calyx deeply five-cleft, 
 naked. Corolla monopetalous, funnel, or bell-shaped; limb 
 five-cleft, spreading, with five plaits; capsule of two or three 
 cells; seeds two in each cell. 
 
 There are two other varieties, with white and orange 
 coloured flowers. 
 
 QUEEN'S ROCKET. 
 
 Hesperis. 
 (See also Rocket.) 
 
 Hesperis, the Esperos, or Evening flower of Pliny. 
 The ancients named this family of plants from Hesper, or 
 Vesper, Latin, or ET^OS, Greek, signifying Evening be- 
 cause they do not discharge their perfume until the evening, 
 reserving their fragrance for vesper hours. 
 
 The Rocket was deemed sacred to Priapus, the god who 
 presided over gardens and orchards. One of its reputed pro- 
 perties is, to raise the passions and to excite love. 
 
 The Hesperis Matronalis, Queen's Gilly-flower, or 
 Purple Dame's Violet, has pale purple flowers, very abundant, 
 exhaling, only in the evening, a very sweet perfume like that 
 
of a pink or stock. leaves ovate, lanceolate, finely toothed; 
 calyx of four leaflets, cohering, longitudinally, incumbent at 
 the top, opening at the bottom, deciduous, having two of its 
 leaves gibbous at the base; corolla of four cruciform, oblong 
 petals, bent obliquely, with attenuated claws, the length of 
 the calyx. The whole plant clothed with short hairs. There 
 is a variety with white flowers, 
 
 That keep 
 
 Their odour to themselves all day; 
 But when the sun-light dies away, 
 Let the delicious secret out 
 To every breeze that roams about. -Moore. 
 
 RAGGED ROBIN. 
 
 Lychnis. Flos Cuculi. 
 
 (For Lychnis, its generic name, see Scarlet Lychnis.) 
 
 Flos Cuculi, or Cuckoo-flower, Meadow Pink, Ragged 
 Robin, is a species of Lychnis which has had the last witty 
 name given to it, on account of the finely cut or ragged ap- 
 pearance of its petals. And Cuckoo-flower, in common with 
 several other plants that blossom about the time this welcome 
 and merry messenger of spring begins to sing. 
 
 The root is perennial; stem about eighteen inches high, 
 with rough angles, viscid above; leaves narrow; panicles 
 forked; corolla of five petals, in four deep linear segments; 
 pink, very delicate, with a brown, angular, smooth calyx of 
 one leaf. There is a double variety, as also a white one. 
 
 (For Ranunculus, see Butter-cup.) 
 
 ROCKET. 
 
 Hesperis inodora. 
 (See Queen's Rocket.) 
 
 Hesperis inodora, the common English garden Rocket, 
 or scentless dame's violet, resembles the sweet-scented Italian 
 Rocket H. Matronalis, in all except its fragrance. It is a 
 biennial plant, which thrives well in fresh unmixed earth; 
 stable litter does not suit it. 
 
 The English name Rocket, seems to have come to us 
 through the Lacin Eruca, which signifies canker-worm, as 
 well as the name of this plant. And this may have been sup- 
 posed applicable to it, from its often perishing, without any 
 known or visible cause. 
 
 Which, on the white rose, being shed, 
 Made it for ever after red. 
 
 Herrick. 
 
 In rival pomp, see either rocket blow 
 Bright as the sun, or as the new-fallen snow. 
 
 Evans. 
 
 ROSE. 
 Rosa. 
 
 Rosa, derived, with most probability, from the Celtic 
 ros, or rhos. De Theis remarks, that the Celtic rhodd or 
 rhudd, red, is the primary root of these words, the rose colour 
 being almost synonymous with redness- 
 
 The Rose was consecrated to Venus: and, according to 
 ancient fable, to her may be traced the red colour of the rose. 
 When flying to the relief of her beloved Adonis, a thorn 
 pierced her delicate foot, causing the blood to flow. 
 
 Its beautiful tint is poetically traced to another source, 
 by a modern poet: 
 
 As erst, in Eden's blissful bowers, 
 Young Eve survey'd her countless flowers, 
 An opening Rose of purest white, 
 She mark'd with eye that beam'd delight, 
 Its leaves she kiss'd, and straight it drew 
 
 From beauty's lip the vermil hue. 
 
 J. Carey. 
 
 Since first it bloomed in Eden's bowers, 
 
 The Rose is termed the queen ofjlowers. Ba\four. 
 
 Their smell divine, their colour strangely red. 
 
 Cowley. 
 
 Its breath 
 
 Is rich beyond the rest; and when it dies 
 It doth bequeath a charm to sweeten death. 
 
 Flood of Thessaly. G. of Flora. 
 
 The genus is too extensive for an attempt at description, 
 in detail, and I find it necessary to suppress the appropriate 
 notice of each, in their turn, of those before me; confining 
 myself to only a few of the most interesting species. Among 
 these I cannot forbear to notice the JVfoss Rose, if only for 
 the purpose of introducing the fanciful origin of its pre-emi- 
 nence in beauty. 
 
 The Angel of the flowers one day, 
 
 Beneath a Rose Tree sleeping lay; 
 
 That spirit, to whose charge is given, 
 
 To bathe young buds in dews from Heaven : 
 
 Awaking from his light repose, 
 
 The angel whispered to the Rose, 
 
 "Oh! fondest object of my care, 
 
 Still fairest found where all are fair, 
 
 For the sweet shade thou'st given to me, 
 
 Ask what thou wilt, 'tis granted thee." 
 
 " Then," said the Rose, with deepening glow, 
 
 (< On me another grace bestow :" 
 
 The spirit paused, in silent thought, 
 
 What grace was there that flower had not? 
 
 'Twas but a moment o'er the Rose, 
 
 A veil of J\to88 the Angel throws; 
 
 And, robed in Nature's simplest weed, 
 
 Could there a flower that Rose exceed? 
 
 Monthly Anthology- G. qf Flora. 
 
 There is another strongly marked variety in the Thorn- 
 less Rose. Lemaistre, in his touching tale of the "Leper 
 of Jlostj' tells us that the thorns are produced by cultiva- 
 tion this is, I believe, contrary to the received opinion: 
 his theory, however, naturally suggested the emblem of in- 
 gratitude, which has been adopted. This too, it must be 
 confessed, is a wide departure from the ideas usually asso- 
 
elated with o rose without a thorn, which would more na- 
 turally present the image of happiness without alloy. 
 
 In the " Legend of the Rose," we find another account 
 of the armour by which this plant is defended: 
 
 Young Love, rambling through the wood, 
 Found me in my solitude 
 Bright with dew, and freshly blown, 
 And trembling to the Zephyr's sighs; 
 But as he stooped to gaze upon 
 The living gem, with raptured eyes, 
 It chanced a Bee was busy there, 
 Searching for its fragrant fare; 
 And Cupid, stooping, too, to sip, 
 The angry insect stung his lip 
 And gushing from the ambrosial cell, 
 One bright drop on my bosom fell. 
 
 Weeping, to his Mother he 
 Told the tale of treachery; 
 And she, her vengeful Boy to please, 
 Strung his bow with captive Bees; 
 But placed upon my slender stem 
 The poisoned stings she plucked from them; 
 And none since that eventful morn, 
 Have found the flower without a Thorn. 
 
 The origin of the red and white Rose becoming the 
 badges of the two houses of York and Lancaster, is beauti- 
 fully presented to us by Shakspeare, in his " Henry the Sixth." 
 The white, being selected by the York faction, the red, by 
 that of Lancaster. 
 
 Plantagenet. Since you are tongue-ty'd, and so loath 
 
 to speak, 
 
 In dumb significants proclaim your thoughts: 
 Let him, that is a true-born gentleman, 
 And stands upon the honour of his birth, 
 If he supposes that I have pleaded truth, 
 From off this briar pluck a white rose with me. 
 
 Somerset. Let him that is no coward, nor no flatterer, 
 But dare maintain the party of the truth, 
 Pluck a red rose from this thorn with me. 
 
 The subsequent blending of their interests, and union of 
 the two houses, is prettily typified in the colouring of the York 
 and Lancaster Rose. Whilst its specific appellation will 
 always bring to recollection the wars which their contentions 
 gave rise to. 
 
 We find in ancient lore, the Rose was made the symbol 
 of silence, and consecrated by Cupid to Harpocrates, the 
 God of silence. 
 
 The proverbial expression " under the Rose," arose no 
 doubt from the two badges of the houses of York and Lan- 
 caster. These factions were continually plotting and coun- 
 terplotting against each other. And when a matter of vital 
 interest to either party was communicated to his friend in the 
 same quarrel, it was natural for him to add, that he said it 
 
 under the rose; meaning that, as it concerned the faction, it 
 was religiously to be kept secret. 
 
 Sub rosa (under the rose) has, by some, been traced to 
 the ancient custom in Symposiac* meetings, of the attendants 
 wearing chaplets of roses about their heads. 
 
 The Rose is too well known to require a botanical de- 
 scription, which could only apply to the single rose; only re- 
 marking that it has but five petals; with an urceolate, or 
 pitcher-shaped calyx. 
 
 The Bridal Rose, Rubus Rossefolius, or Rose-leaved 
 Bramble, is of the genus Rubus, which includes all the 
 Bramble family. It has beautiful, double, white flowers, 
 rather smaller than those of the Cinnamon Rose; slender 
 round stems: prickles somewhat hooked, small. Leaflets 
 usually seven, ovate-lanceolate, doubly serrated. It agrees 
 altogether in the class and order, as designated for the Rose 
 in the Glossary. It is a rose usually cultivated in green- 
 houses first patronised in England by Sir Joseph Banks. Its 
 native country not known. 
 
 ROSE CAMPION. 
 Jlgrostemma. 
 
 Jlgrostemma, L. from the Greek y e ou si^x, the gar- 
 land of the field. A genus scarcely distinct from the Lych- 
 nis. 
 
 There are four species designated; one is the Corn-Cam- 
 pion, or Cockle, Ji. Githago, which is hirsute or hairy, with 
 a calyx longer than the corolla, petals entire, or slightly 
 emarginate, and naked. 
 
 Ji. Coronaria, or Rose Campion, is a biennial plant, 
 with rose, or flesh-coloured, or white flowers, sometimes dou- 
 bled, tomentose, with leaves ovate-lanceolate. The petals 
 of the corolla slightly emarginate, crowned, and serrate. 
 This species is usually cultivated in gardens. 
 
 ROSEMARY. 
 
 Rosmarinus. 
 
 Rosmarinus, from ros, dew, and marinus, alluding to 
 its situation on the sea shore. Those who have observed it 
 mantling the rocks of the Mediterranean, with its grey flow- 
 ers glittering with dew in Winter, cannot but be struck with 
 the elegant propriety of the name. 
 
 Rosmarinus, sea-rose. Webster. 
 
 The flowers of the garden Rosemary, R. officinalis, are 
 of a bright blue colour, variegated with purple and white, 
 having, like the leaves, a strong aromatic fragrance. 
 
 It is an erect evergreen shrub, about four feet high, 
 much branched, downy, leafy on all sides. Leaves opposite, 
 spreading in a recurved manner, linear-oblong, obtuse, revo- 
 lute, entire; smooth, dark green, and shining above, downy 
 and veined beneath. Flowers axillary, terminal, on very 
 short stalks, erect. 
 
 * Symposiac, from the Greek Eu^onz, a drinking together; 
 <ruv together, and aiva to drink. 
 
 Symposiac, a conference or conversation of philosophers at a 
 banquet. Plutarch has nine books, -which he calls Symposiacs; or sym- 
 posiac questions, q. d. disputations at table. Webster and Rees. 
 
From an old opinion of Rosemary-juice having the pro- 
 perty of strengthening the memory, this plant has been poeti- 
 cally made the emblem of Remembrance, or Fidelity; and 
 this was probably the origin of its being worn or used at fune- 
 rals, and weddings. 
 
 There's rosemary, that's for remembrance; 
 Pray you, love, remember; and there is pansies, 
 That's for thoughts. Shaks. 
 
 And the humble rosemary, 
 
 Whose sweets so thanklessly are shed 
 
 To scent the desert, and the dead. 
 
 Lalla Rookh. 
 
 Reverend Sirs, 
 
 For you there's rosemary and rue : these keep 
 Seeming, and savour, all the winter long: 
 Grace, and remembrance, be to you both. Shaks. 
 
 RUE. 
 Ruta 
 
 Rttta, an ancient Latin name derived from the Greek 
 eu*, to flow, in allusion to some reputed expelling qualities 
 of the plant. 
 
 Rue, E. a contracted word, and so named from its bitter 
 taste. Sax. reowian, hreowian; Welsh rhuaw, Dutch 
 rouwen; Ger. reun, to repent. Greek ^rr,, from e u>. 
 
 Johnson tells us, it was called Herb of Grace, because 
 holy water was sprinkled with it. Jeremy Taylor says of it, 
 " They (the Romish exorcists) are to try the Devil by holy 
 water, incense, sulphur, rue, and from thence, as is supposed, 
 it received the appellation of Herb of Grace." 
 
 What savory is belter 
 For places infected, than wormwood and rue. 
 
 Tusser. 
 
 The Weasel, to encounter the serpent, arms herself with 
 eating rue. [See Johnson. 
 
 There's fennel for you, and columbines: 
 There's rue for you: and here's some for me: 
 We may call it herb of grace, o' Sundays: you 
 May wear your rue with a difference. There's a 
 Daisy: I would give you some violets, but they 
 Wither'd all, when my father died. Shaks. 
 
 Here did she drop a tear; here in this place 
 I'll set a bank of rue, sour herb of grace. 
 
 Same. 
 
 Common Rue, Ruta graveolens, is a hardy shrub, culti- 
 vated, time out of mind, in every garden. The whole herb 
 has a peculiarly acrid, pungent smell, supposed, powerfully, 
 to prevent contagion. The bruised leaves excoriate the lips 
 if incautiously applied to them. The stem is bushy, smooth. 
 Leaves alternate, twice or thrice compounded, smooth, of a 
 deep bluish glaucous hue; their leaflets oblong, entire, tapering 
 at the base. Flowers of rather a dull yellow; copious, inter- 
 ininal, corymbose panicles. 
 
 SAGE. 
 
 Salvia. 
 
 Salvia, an ancient Latin name, supposed to allude to the 
 salubrious qualities of the plant perhaps from the L. verb 
 salve, God save you, or the adv. salve, well in health. 
 
 Sage was supposed by the ancients to possess the virtue 
 of prolonging human life; hence the following line: 
 
 "Cur moriatur homo, cui salvia crescit in horto?" 
 " How can a man die, in whose garden there grows sage ?" 
 
 The common garden Sage, salvia officinalis, is a plant 
 as well known to the simple, as the wise. Its agreeable aro- 
 matic bitter, forms a component part in almost all culinary 
 preparations: and for its medicinal virtues, it has been ever 
 held in great esteem by all domestic practitioners. An infu- 
 sion of the leaves, in the form of tea, is considered particu- 
 larly serviceable to persons of cold phlegmatic habits, labour- 
 ing under nervous debility. And with the addition of a little 
 lemon juice and sugar, is a grateful drink in febrile disorders. 
 
 "Marbled with sage the hard'ning cheese she press'd." 
 
 Gay. 
 
 Locke tells us that "by the colour, figure, taste, and 
 smell, we have as clear ideas of sage, and hemlock, as we 
 have of a circle." 
 
 Its flowers are bluish, an inch long, with a brown viscid 
 calyx of one leaf, somewhat bell-shaped, two-lipped. Co- 
 rolla ringent. 
 
 SCABIOUS. 
 Scabiosa. 
 
 Scabiosa, derived from scaber, rough, because of the 
 roughness usual in these herbs, and especially of the scaly 
 harshness of their heads of flowers. 
 
 One of the species, S. atro-purpurea, sweet, or musky, 
 scabious, has been long cultivated in gardens. Its native 
 country unknown. Its flowers are very sweet, and there is 
 a great variety in their colour, some being of a purple, ap- 
 proaching to black, others of a pale purple, red, variegated, 
 etc. It also varies in the leaves, some being finer cut than 
 others. 
 
 The dark purple has been popularly called " the mourn- 
 ing bride." 
 
 SCARLET LYCHNIS. 
 
 Ijychnis chalcedonica. 
 
 Lychnis, L. from the Gr. xu%vi?, derived from xu%vo, a 
 lamp. Some have supposed that the appellation arose from 
 the down of the plant having been used to make wicks of 
 lamps. 
 
 The most probable and apparent explanation of the name, 
 is, from the resemblance of the calyx of some of the species 
 to a lanthorn, its sides being semi-transparent between the 
 ribs or veins, or the whole, in some instances, quite membra- 
 nous, round, and inflated, like the horn lanthorns still used 
 by the Chinese. The appearance of the stigmas, stamens, or 
 crown of the corolla, in several species, would favour the idea 
 of a lamp with a flame,. 
 
The addition of Chalcedonica may possibly be derived 
 from Chalcedon, a city of Bithynia, on the Asiatic coast of 
 the Black Sea, over against Constantinople. 
 
 Gerard tells us the flower in question was called " Flow- 
 er of Constantinople, and Campion of Constantinople." He 
 also calls it Lychnis Chalcedonica. 
 
 Lychnis was formerly used by botanists for all the Cam- 
 pion tribe, though now restricted by Linnaeus and his follow- 
 ers to one particular genus of that family. 
 
 The L. Chalcedonica, is said to grow wild in all parts of 
 Russia and Siberia. It is one of the chief ornaments of mo- 
 dern flower gardens. A hardy perennial, very showy, and 
 remarkable for the rich vivid scarlet of its blossoms, especial- 
 ly when double. These appear about June, forming a large, 
 dense, convex, terminal tuft, two or three inches wide, with 
 flowers of five petals, border flat, wedge-shaped, often divi- 
 ded. Calyx perianth inferior, of one leaf, oblong, tubular, 
 membranous, five toothed, permanent. Seeds somewhat kid- 
 ney-shaped, roughish. The stem is several feet high, round, 
 hairy, leafy, but little branched. Leaves ovate, rough, some- 
 what undulated. 
 
 SNAP DRAGON. 
 Antirrhinum. 
 
 Antirrhinum, from the Greek VTI (L. tequalis,) equal, 
 and $> v (L. nasus,) a nose. JEqualis defined by Ains worth, 
 (2) " of the same shape, or stature, as another." 
 
 On pressing the sides of this flower, it opens like a gaping 
 mouth, the stigma appearing to represent the tongue; on re- 
 moving the pressure, the lips of the corolla snap together, 
 and hence its name. Some have traced a resemblance to a 
 calfs snout in the form of its seed vessel, or fruit. 
 
 The monopetalous corolla forms a mask, which resem- 
 bles the face of an animal. 
 
 There are many American species, of various colours. 
 The Calyx is a five-leafed perianth, permanent. Corolla 
 nectariferous, ringent. Nectary at the base of the corolla, 
 produced downwards, prominent. 
 
 SNOW BALL. 
 
 Viburnum. 
 (See Laurustinus.) 
 
 Viburnum Opulus, Common Guelder-rose, Water El- 
 der, or Snow Ball, is an European shrub, or small tree, smooth 
 in all its parts, only the backs of the leaves being occasion- 
 ally downy. Their three lobes are unequally toothed or ser- 
 rated. Their foot-stalks bear towards the top, several cup- 
 like glands, and towards the base, a pair or two of linear sti- 
 pules. Cymes large, smooth, stalked, of numerous white 
 flowers. Berries scarlet. A variety with globose cymes, 
 composed entirely of radiant powers, is commonly cultivated 
 in gardens. 
 
 The balls that hang like drifted snow, 
 Upon the guelder-rose. 
 
 London. 
 
 Here the Guelder-rose shall fling 
 Silver treasures to the spring. 
 
 Her silver globes, light as the foamy surf, 
 That the wind severs from the broken wave. 
 
 L.E.L. 
 
 Cowper. 
 
 SNOW DROP. 
 
 Galanthus. 
 
 Galanthus, L. from the Greek yx., milk, and i/So ; , a 
 flower; alluding to its milky whiteness. 
 
 The G. nivalis, or common Snow Drop, is the only spe- 
 cies noticed in this genus. It has two varieties, the semi- 
 double and double flowered. An European plant. It is the 
 first flower that appears after the winter solstice. 
 
 Warm with sweet blushes, bright Galantha glows, 
 And prints, with frolic step, the melting snows. 
 
 * * # * 
 
 Chides with her dulcet voice the tardy spring, 
 Bids slumbering Zephyr stretch his folded wing. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 Fair handed spring unbosoms every grace, 
 Throws out the Snow-drop and the crocus first. 
 
 Thomson. 
 
 As Flora's breath, by some transforming power, 
 Had changed an icicle into a flower, 
 Its name, and hue, the scentless plant retains, 
 And winter lingers in its icy veins. Mrs. Barbauld, 
 
 Calyx, a spatha, opening at the flat side, permanent. 
 Corolla of six petals, the three innermost shortest, emargi- 
 nate. Bulbous rooted. 
 
 SORREL. 
 Oxalis. 
 
 Oxalis, L. from the Gr. o|;, sour; a name adopted from 
 the Greeks; whose oxalis, however, is probably the ucctosa 
 of the Latins, and belongs to the genus rumex. 
 
 Skinner derives the name sorrel from the word sour. 
 And both the oxalis and rumex have species noted for the 
 peculiar and grateful acid of their leaves; the plants are de- 
 signated as the wild sorrel, (oxalis,) and garden sorrel, (ru- 
 mex,) the latter much used in French cookery, the former 
 admired for the delicate beauty of its flowers. 
 
 Thirteen species of the curious and pretty genus Oxalis, 
 are natives of America; many of the Cape of Good Hope; 
 only two of Great Britain. 
 
 The Calyx is a perianth of five leaves. Corolla of 
 five petals connected by their claws, obvate, obtuse, emargi- 
 nate, spreading. Seeds with an elastic tunic of two valves. 
 Leaves generally ternate, or three-leafed. Some varieties 
 have twin leaves, others simple leaves. 
 
 The species most abundant in Virginia have pink or lilac 
 flowers variously shaded sometimes a bright yellow : farther 
 north it is found of a pale yellow, delicately pencilled with 
 crimson, or a pure white, pencilled with pink or purple. 
 
 See trim oxalis with her pencilled flower. Evans. 
 
 In woodland bowers, 
 There spring the sorrePs veined leaves. 
 
 Charlotte Smith. 
 
SPEEDWELL. 
 
 Veronica. 
 
 (For Veronica, see Belvidere.) 
 
 Many of the species are peculiarly beautiful. Flowers, 
 generally blue, some a pale pink. 
 
 The V. Virginica, Virginian Speedwell, has clusters ob- 
 scurely whorled, with nearly sessile flowers. Tube of the 
 monopetalous five cleft corolla, twice as long as the five cleft 
 calyx. Leaves, four or five in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, 
 stalked; perennial. Spikes long, white or blush-coloured. 
 
 There is a purple flowered variety, extremely beautiful, 
 to be found on the mountains of Virginia. 
 
 SPIDER WORT. 
 Tradescanti. Virginica. 
 (See American Star Wort.) 
 
 Called Tradescanti, after the two Tradescants, father 
 and son. 
 
 The Spider Wort, T. Virginica, the original species 
 of this genus, was carried from Virginia to Europe by the 
 younger Tradescant, before the year 1629, as appears by 
 Parkinson's Paradisus. It is common from Pennsylvania to 
 Carolina, in shady woods. It has long fibrous roots. Stems 
 about eighteen inches high, round, leafy, scarcely branched. 
 Leaves lanceolate, smooth, sheathing, concave, tapering- 
 pointed, of a dark shining green. Flowers large, of a rich 
 violet blue, each lasting but a day, or rather a few hours in 
 the early part of the day, after which they roll up into a li- 
 quifying pulpy mass; but there being a great number in each 
 umbel, or tuft, there is a long succession. 
 
 The Flower has a calyx of three leaves, permanent and 
 spreading. Corolla of three petals, ovate, flat, widely spread- 
 ing, their claws sometimes combined. The six golden an- 
 thers are brilliantly contrasted with the dark purple shaggy 
 filaments. It is a perennial plant, blooming throughout the 
 
 STAR OF BETHLEHEM. 
 Ornithogalum. 
 
 Ornithogalum, L. from the Gr. o^ n t> ojviSo;, a bird, and 
 y**., milk. But the application has proved a stumbling- 
 block to most etymologists. 
 
 The Flora Historica, tells us, that this bulbous-rooted 
 flower received the reverential title of Star of Bethlehem, 
 from the formation of its corolla. 
 
 It is an extensive genus, the essential character of which 
 is a corolla of six petals, erect, permanent, their upper part 
 spreading. No calyx. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S WORT. 
 Hypericum. 
 
 Hypericum. Linnaeus deduces the name from the Greek 
 IVe^, above, and EIXOV, a figure or image. Boerhave says, 
 "iTref-sixci/ (Gr.) quasi herba, cujus imago eminet." 
 
 Native of America Europe China, etc. a copious and 
 handsome genus. The stems either shrubby or herbaceous, 
 usually angular. Roots perennial. Leaves simple, oppo- 
 site, sessile, entire. Herbage generally smooth, with glandu- 
 lar pellucid dots, and an aromatic scent. Flowers terminal, 
 
 cymose, yellow and brilliant. Calyx often fringed. Gene- 
 rally five petals, oblong-ovate, obtuse, spreading. 
 
 STRAWBERRY TREE. 
 
 Arbutus. 
 
 Arbutus, a Latin name given to a kind of wild Straw- 
 berry or Cherry tree, bearing fruit so sour, that Pliny calls 
 them unedones, because one of them is enough at a time. 
 
 [See Ainsworth. 
 
 Strawberry, E. from straw and berry; perhaps from 
 the practice of placing straw under the berries, or fruit, whilst 
 ripening, to keep them clear of the soil. 
 
 Home Took considers strawberry, as straw'd-berry, 
 from straw, or strew, from the manner in which the plants are 
 set in beds, not cast in heaps, but, as it were, strewed here 
 and there, at manifest distances. 
 
 Several species of the Arbutus are natives of America, 
 abundant in our swamps. 
 
 The berries of the A. Thymifolia, or Thyme-leafed 
 Arbutus, are brought to the Philadelphia market late in Au- 
 tumn, and used for tarts. Considerable quantities of them are 
 exported to Europe and the West Indies they are much used 
 in London, though thought to be inferior to the cranberry of 
 British growth. 
 
 The Ess. Char, a Calyx five-parted. Corolla, ovate, di- 
 aphanous at the base. 
 
 SUMACH. 
 Rhus. 
 
 RJms of doubtful origin. De Theis deduces it from 
 the Celtic rhudd or rub, red. The fruit of some of the spe- 
 cies justifies this derivation, those particularly most common 
 in the United States, as the Rhus glabrum, smooth Sumach. 
 Neglected corn-fields are soon overrun with this tree, whose 
 roots subsequently render ploughing very difficult. Its leaves 
 consist of from eight to twelve pair of longish taper-pointed 
 leaflets, smooth and naked on both sides. Fruit, a globular 
 crimson, berry, slightly hisped, the size of an Elder berry. 
 And the Rhus viridiflorum, green-flowered Sumach, growing 
 on the edges of woods, in dry sunny situations in Pennsylva- 
 nia and Virginia. The Jlowers are of a yellowish-green. 
 Leaves numerously pinnate, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, glau- 
 cous, and somewhat downy beneath, though not always so. 
 
 According to Medical books, the Rhus copallinum, Len- 
 tiscus-leafed Sumach, (called by Dr. Ewell common sti- 
 mach,) berries red, and very acid, is a valuable plant. An 
 infusion of the berries, sweetened with honey, forms an excel- 
 lent gargle for sore throats, or to cleanse the mouth in putrid 
 fevers. The bark of the root is considered one of the best 
 antiseptics produced by vegetation, and forms an impor- 
 tant ingredient in decoctions for hectic, and scrofulous dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Some of the species of this genus are celebrated for pro- 
 ducing valuable resins for varnish, as the R. Vernix, Var- 
 nish Sumach, found in low copses, from Canada to Carolina; 
 the whole tree very smooth. Leaflets about six pair with 
 one odd one; elliptical, entire, somewhat abrupt, pointed. 
 Flowers diaecious. Berries, the size of a pea, white and re- 
 markably polished, both in a fresh and dry state. 
 
Others, from their caustic nature, have acquired the name 
 of Poison trees, as the Dwarf Carolina Sumach, Rhus Pu- 
 milum, stem not above a foot high. Leaves numerously 
 pinnate, oval, scarcely pointed, deeply toothed, downy be- 
 neath. Branches, and foot-stalks downy. Fruit clothed 
 with a velvet down. 
 
 The R. Toxicodendron, Trailing Poison-Oak, or Su- 
 mach, common in woods, fields, and hedges, from Carolina to 
 Georgia, is a very pernicious plant. Stem creeping, never 
 erect, but when it meets with support, will climb like ivy to 
 the tops of the highest trees. Leaves ternate, the leaflets 
 are of a broad, ovate, or rhomboidal form, pointed, always 
 more or less downy, at least about the ribs; crenate, cut, or 
 lobod. Flowers in compound axillary clusters, greenish, diae- 
 cious. Berries white. 
 
 The Rhus cotinus, or Venice Sumach, cultivated in 
 gardens, is much admired for the very singular and ornamen- 
 tal appearance of its elongated feathery fruit-stalks. The 
 shrub grows to about the height of a man, bushy. Leaves 
 smooth, orbicular, entire. Flowers greenish, or purplish, 
 small, in terminal compound panicles. Fruit gibbous. The 
 leaves and stalks, when bruised, have an aromatic but pun- 
 gent and acid odour. The whole plant is used in Italy for 
 tanning as are the different species of this genus in other 
 countries. 
 
 SUN FLOWER. 
 Helianthus. 
 
 Helianthus, L. derived from the Gr. n\n>s t the sun, and 
 v$of, a flower. The name applied, no doubt, from the re- 
 semblance which its broad golden disk and ray bear to the 
 Sun. 
 
 The power ascribed to it of constantly presenting its 
 flowers to that luminary, renders it quite appropriate. But 
 there are many other plants which possess this power in a 
 higher degree. This property, where it is eminently conspi- 
 cuous, has been poetically construed into a sort of sympathy 
 or perception in the plant, like that of the ancient Heliotrope. 
 (See Note upon that Flower.) 
 
 The H. indicus, Dwarf annual Sun-flower, is a diminu- 
 tive species, now much cultivated. 
 
 The H. annuus, or annual Sun flower, was the first 
 discovered, and the largest species. A native of Mexico and 
 Peru. On account of its resemblance to the Sun, it was used 
 in the religious ceremonies of the ancient Peruvians, who 
 worshipped that luminary. The virgins, who officiated in 
 the Temple of the Sun, were crowned with the Helianthus 
 made of pure gold, and wearing them, also, in their breast, 
 and carrying others in their hands, which reflecting the rays 
 of their deity by the brilliancy of the metal, formed an effect 
 of the most imposing grandeur. 
 
 In its native country, it is said to grow to the height of 
 twenty feet or more, and the flowers to be about two feet 
 broad. 
 
 Great Helianthus 
 
 Climbs the upland lawn, 
 And bows, in homage, to the rising dawn; 
 
 Imbibes, with eagle eye, the golden ray, 
 And watches, as it moves, the orb of day. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 Helianthus, like the God of day, 
 
 Binds round his nodding disk the golden ray. 
 
 Evans. 
 Uplift, proud Sun-fiowerj to thy favourite orb, 
 
 That disk whereon his brightness seems to dwell, 
 And as thou seem'st his radiance to absorb, 
 Proclaim thyself the garden's sentinel. 
 
 B. Barton. 
 
 The H. Tuberosus, tuberous-rooted Helianthus, or Je-> 
 rusalem Artichoke, is a native of Peru. Now much culti- 
 vated in kitchen gardens, for the sake of its roots, which, 
 when boiled, have the flavour of the real Artichoke. 
 
 /There are many species of the Helianthus, eleven of 
 which belong to America. Their general character is a calyx 
 imbricated, somewhat squarrose. Receptacle chaffy, flat, 
 seed-crown of two leaves. Corolla compound, radiated; flo- 
 rets of the disk, very numerous, perfect, cylindrical, shorter 
 than the common calyx. Most of them are perennial herba- 
 ceous, with large, alternate, heart-shaped, or ovate leaves. 
 Stalks roughish. 
 
 SWEET BRIAR. 
 
 Rosa Suaveolens. 
 (For Rosa, see Rose.) 
 Suaveolens, Lat. sweet-smelling. 
 Rosa Suaveolens, is the American Sweet Briar. Flow- 
 ers pale pink, small, often, but not always solitary. Foliage 
 delightfully fragrant. 
 
 The wild-briar rose, a fragrant cup, 
 To hold the morning's tear. 
 
 London. 
 
 Yet, lovely flower, I find in thee 
 
 Wild sweetness which no words express, 
 
 And charms in thy simplicity, 
 
 That dwell not in the pride of dress. 
 
 John Langhorn. Fables of Flora. 
 
 SWEET WILLIAM. 
 
 Dianthus Barbatus. 
 (For Dianthus, see Carnation or Pink.) 
 The Sweet William, D. barbatus, is a species of Pink, 
 indigenous to Germany. The Dutch formerly gave it the 
 name of Keykens, which is their familiar name for a nosegay 
 or a large bunch of flowers. One stem supporting a large 
 and brilliant bunch of blossoms. 
 
 This species of Dianthus has been named Barbatus, 
 from the hairy or pointed scales of the calyx, which is ovate 
 awl-shaped, of one leaf. Flowers aggregate, in separate 
 bundles. Leaves lanceolate. A hardy perennial plant, 
 thriving best, in a dry calcareous soil. 
 
 Sweet William has a form and aspect bright, 
 
 Like that sweet flower that yields great Jove delight; 
 
Had he majestic bulk, he'd now be styled 
 
 Jove's flower; and if my skill is not beguiled, 
 
 He was Jove'a flower when Jove was but a child. 
 
 Take him with many flowers, in one, conferr'd, 
 
 He's worthy Jove, e'en now he has a beard. 
 
 Cowley. 
 SYRINGA CAROLINA. 
 
 Philadelphia inodorus. 
 (For Philadelphia, see Mock-Orange.) 
 
 The name Syringa, which Tournefort retained for this 
 shrub, originated in a confusion of ideas. It equally belongs 
 to the Lilac; is of Moorish origin, and supposed to be de- 
 rived from the Greek <rv%iyi } ru^yo;, a pipe; because the 
 young branches of Lilac are used in Africa and the Levant 
 for tobacco pipes. See Lilac. 
 
 Those of Philadelphus are, also, reported to serve the 
 same purpose. 
 
 The P. Inodorus, Carolina, scentless Mock-Orange, 
 rises with a shrubby stalk, sometimes to the height of sixteen 
 feet. Leaves shaped like those of a pear tree, entire, oppo- 
 site, on pretty long foot-stalks. The Flowers are produced 
 at the ends of the branches, large, inodorus, with four white 
 oval petals, spreading open. Calyx large, composed of four 
 acute-pointed leaflets. 
 
 The sweet Syringa yields but in scent 
 
 To the rich orange. Mason. 
 
 THISTLE. 
 
 Carduus. 
 
 Carduus, said to be derived from euro, a technical verb 
 denoting the operation of cleaning wool from its impurities. 
 
 Ainsworth defines caro, to card, to tease or card wool. 
 
 Carduus, is a name given by the ancients to several kinds 
 of prickly plants, particularly to the Teasel, Dipsacus fullo- 
 num, also called Carduus fullonum, or Fuller's Thistle, 
 formerly used in carding wool, as it is still in dressing 
 cloths. 
 
 Thistle, English Diestel, Dutch a prickly weed grow- 
 ing in fields. [See Johnson.] 
 
 Tough Thistle chock'd the fields, and kill'd the corn, 
 And an unthrifty crop of weeds was born. Dryden. 
 
 The roots of Thistle have my hunger fed, 
 
 Two roods of cultur'd barley give me bread, 
 
 A rock my pillow, and green moss my bed. Harte. 
 
 Wide o'er the Thistle lawn, as swells the breeze, 
 
 A whitening shower of vegetable down 
 
 Amusive floats. Thomson. 
 
 In Scotland, the order of St. Andrew, or the Thistle, 
 was instituted by Achaius, one of their kings, to preserve 
 the memory of the famous league, offensive, and defensive, 
 entered into between himself and Charlemagne, king of 
 France. The tressure* of Flew de lys was added to the 
 
 * Treasure, in heraldry, is a kind of border. 
 The arms are a lion, with a border, or tressure, adorned with 
 flower-de-luces. 
 
 Lion, the then royal arms of Scotland, and their king took 
 for his device the Thistle and Rue, which he composed into 
 a collar of his order: his motto " Pour ma Defence." To 
 this collar was hung a jewel, the figure of St. Andrew bear- 
 ing his cross. 
 
 Triumphant be the Thistle still unfurl'd, 
 Dear symbol wild! on freedom's hills it grows, 
 
 Where Fingal stemmed the tyrants of the world, 
 And Roman eagles found unconquered foes. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 THORN APPLE. 
 Datura. 
 
 Datura, from do dare, daturus, Latin for to give, to 
 bestow, which will give, etc., because it is given as a stimu- 
 lant. This is the only explanation of the name, that the 
 etymologists give of it, at least such is given in the Ency- 
 clopedia. 
 
 The Flora Historica tells us, that the generic name of 
 Datura is the original name by which it was received from 
 the Turks; and that it is called Thorn Apple, from the nature 
 of its fruit, which is prickly. 
 
 De Theis derives Datura from Datorah, or Tatorah, 
 the Arabic name of the plant. 
 
 It appears to have been carried from Peru through the 
 East Indies and Persia to Europe. The seed was brought 
 from Constantinople by Lord Edward Zouch, who gave it 
 to Gerard, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was much 
 used in medicine. It is a powerful narcotic. 
 
 Their powers mysterious let thy knowledge shift, 
 Their useful poisons, and their healing gift. De Lille. 
 
 Skinner suggests that the word thorn probably comes 
 from the Saxon verb tseran, to tear. 
 
 The D. Stramonium, Thorn Apple, or James-Town 
 Weed, is a dangerous plant to be allowed to grow where 
 there are children, as the beauty of its flowers and fruit 
 tempts them to their destruction. There are several beauti- 
 ful varieties of this genus. The D. arborea of Peru is the 
 most splendid of all each flower being often two feet in 
 length, and sometimes 150 open at the same time on the tree. 
 
 The Datura Stramonium is said to have received the 
 name of James-Town Weed from the circumstance of a 
 number of Sailors having been made violently ill from eat- 
 ing the boiled plant at James-Town, in the first settlement 
 of Virginia. 
 
 The flowers of Datura have a calyx of one leaf, infe- 
 rior, tubular, five-angled, five-toothed, partly deciduous. Co- 
 rolla monopetalous, funnel-shaped, plaited. There is a sin- 
 gular provision of nature observed in these flowers, to pro- 
 tect them from the humidity of the night air, the leaves near- 
 est the flowers rise up so as to enclose them and form a com- 
 plete shelter. 
 
 THYME. 
 Thymus. 
 Thymus, from the Greek u , which Schrevelius trans- 
 
lates by the Latin verb suffio, and this latter verb Ainsworth 
 explains by the verb to perfume. Ainsworth gives the same 
 etymology of the word thymum or thymus, Thyme. 
 
 To enter into a minute description of this plant, would 
 be certainly time thrown away, both in the writer and the 
 reader. 
 
 T. vulgaris, or garden Thyme, has been known in all 
 time and to all persons. There are many varieties of the 
 genus, too tedious to enumerate. The wild thyme has often 
 been noticed by the Poets: 
 
 No more, my goats, shall I behold you climb 
 The steepy cliffs, or crop the flow'ry thyme. 
 
 Dryderfs Virgil. 
 Guide my way 
 
 Through fair Lyceum's walk, the green retreats 
 Of Academus, and the thymy vale. Akenside. 
 
 TUBEROSE. 
 
 Polyanthes tuberosa. 
 
 Polyanthes, a name given by Linnaeus, and we must 
 therefore accept his own explanation of it, which is 
 
 From two Greek words HOM,-, a town, and Ai/3-o$, ajlow- 
 er, because this plant is generally cultivated, and sold in 
 towns, for the sake of its elegance and fragrance. 
 
 The French know it by the name of Tubereuse the 
 English call it Tuberose both words taken from the La- 
 tin appellation which it first obtained of Hyacinthus tubero- 
 sus. 
 
 Some write it Polyanthes, as Linnsus originally printed 
 the generic name; and suppose the etymology to be from a 
 Greek word jroxug, many. 
 
 Tuberose, originated in the old appellation of Tuberous 
 Hyacinth, Hyacinthus tuberosus, alluding to the tuberous 
 root, and the resemblance of the flower to a Hyacinth. 
 
 It is usually supposed to be a native of the East Indies. 
 More recently, it has been believed to have come from South 
 America. 
 
 The colour of the Jlower is white, sometimes tinged 
 with a blush of pink: its odour rich and delicious, most 
 powerful at night, resembling the flavour of ginger, with great 
 sweetness, several in a terminal, oblong, bracteated spike. 
 No Calyx. Corolla monopetalous, funnel-shaped, incurved; 
 its limb in six equal segments. Leaves scattered, linear- 
 lanceolate, taper-pointed, sheathing, smooth, pale, and rather 
 glaucous. Stem simple, erect, round, leafy, sometimes a 
 yard or more in height. Root perennial, tuberous, somewhat 
 creeping. 
 
 Eternal spring, with smiling verdure here, 
 Warms the mild air, and crowns the youthful year; 
 The tuberose ever breathes, and violets blow. Garth. 
 
 The tube-rose, with her silvery light, 
 
 That in the gardens of Malay 
 Is call'd the mistress of the night, 
 So like a bride, scented and bright, 
 
 She comes out when the sun's away. 
 
 Lalla Rookh. 
 
 TULIP. 
 
 Tulipa. 
 
 Tulipa, an acknowledged barbarous name, said to be of 
 Persian origin, and to signify a turban. Nor is this article 
 of dress, in a Persian of rank, unlike the swelling form of a 
 tulip. 
 
 It is supposed to have been brought from Persia to the 
 Levant. So late as the year 1554, the Turks charged a high 
 price for these flowers, which would not have been the case 
 had the Tulip been then growing spontaneously in that coun- 
 try. Pliny makes no mention of the Tulip, which is corro- 
 borative of this inference. 
 
 Moore alludes to the similarity of the tulip to the tur- 
 ban, in his " Veiled Prophet." 
 
 " What triumph crowds the rich Divan to-day, 
 With turban'd heads, of every hue and race, 
 Bowing before that veil'd and awful face, 
 Like tulip-beds, of different shape and dyes, 
 Bending beneath th' invisible west-wind's sighs." 
 
 Skinner gives the same etymology as the above, and says 
 that the tulip is the " lily of Solomon." 
 
 What in common language is called a bulbous-root, is 
 by Linnsus termed the hybernacle, or winter-lodge of the 
 young plant. As these bulbs in every respect resemble buds, 
 except in their being produced under ground, and include the 
 leaves and flowers in miniature, which are to be expanded in 
 the ensuing spring. By the careful dissection of a tulip root 
 during the winter, cautiously cutting through the concentric 
 coats, longitudinally from the top to the base, and taking them 
 off successively, the whole flower of the next summer's tulip 
 is beautifully seen by the naked eye, with its petals, pistil, 
 and stamens. 
 
 The method of making a tulip variegated, or striped with 
 divers colours, is by transplanting from a rich soil to one mea- 
 gre and sandy. The plant is weakened when this effect is 
 produced, and loses almost half its height. [See Darwin. 
 
 And sure more lovely to behold 
 
 Might nothing meet the wistful eye, 
 Than crimson fading into gold, 
 
 In streaks of fairest symmetry. 
 
 Dr. John Langhorn. Fables of Flora. 
 
 The Tulip has no calyx. Corolla bell-shaped, of six 
 petals, ovate-oblong, concave, erect, deciduous, inferior. 
 Seeds numerous. The common garden tulip is called T. 
 Gesneriana. Native of the country bordering on Mount 
 Caucasus. In a wild state, the petals are crimson, yellow- 
 ish at the base now called the parrot tulip. 
 
 There are three species of this Tulip, the Cappadocia, 
 Turkey, and Gesneriana. The last, named after the great 
 Conrad Gesner, mentioned in the note on Poppy, and it is 
 distinguished from the others, by its pubescent scape, spread- 
 ing sweet-scented corolla, smallness of its size, and early 
 flowering. 
 
 The Tulip is made the emblem by which an oriental 
 lover makes a declaration of love presenting the idea, 
 
.*.. 
 
 that like that flower, he nas a countenance all on fire, and a 
 heart reduced to a coal. 
 
 " Whose leaves, with their ruby glow, 
 
 Hide the heart that lies burning and black below." 
 
 TULIP TREE. 
 
 Ldriodendron Tulipifera. 
 
 LAriodendron, from the Greek AI^IOV, or AKJIOV, alily, 
 and jsvJjovj a tree; the Tulip-tree. The Encyclopedia has 
 it Liriodendrum, Nuttall, and other Botanists, write it 
 Liriodendron. 
 
 The L. Tulipifera, American Tulip-tree, or yellow Pop- 
 lar, bears flowers resembling a small tulip, variegated with 
 pale green, yellow, and orange standing solitary at the end 
 of the buds of the branches. The flowers have a calyx of 
 three leaves, inferior. Corolla, bell-shaped, of six petals. 
 
 The young bark of this tree is very aromatic; and the 
 remarkable shape of the leaves cannot fail to strike the most 
 careless observer; they seem as if cut off with scissors at the 
 ends. The elliptical obtuse deciduous stipulas, which cu- 
 riously enfold the young leaves, are also remarkable. The 
 tree is celebrated for its size and beauty. Botanists indicate 
 two varieties of it. 
 
 Our attention has lately been drawn to this tree by the 
 public prints, which tell us, the root has been discovered to 
 be a sovereign antidote to the venomous bite of snakes. The 
 bark to be chipped from the root and made into a decoction; 
 of which half a pint is to be drunk every half hour the 
 wound frequently bathed with the fluid, and the bark applied 
 in the form of a poultice to the part. 
 
 Of this genus there are two other species in China, and 
 one in the Mountains of Amboina. 
 
 VENUS' LOOKING-GLASS. 
 Campanula speculum. 
 
 Campanula, Latin, for a little bell. 
 
 Speculum, Looking-glass, a name bestowed upon it, as 
 some suppose, on account of the glossy nature of the seeds; 
 others, from the corollas seeming to reflect the rays of the 
 sun. 
 
 The flowers are purple, inclining to violet, solitary. Ca- 
 lyx, perianth, superior, five-cleft, its segments the length of 
 the corolla. Corolla, monopetalous, flat, wheel-shaped, deep- 
 lydivided; segments egg-shaped; valves of the nectary scarcely 
 discernible. Leaves small, sessile, oblong, slightly scolloped. 
 Stem, from six to ten inches high. Root, annual. A native 
 of corn-fields in the south of Europe, common in English 
 gardens. 
 
 Towards evening the corollas fold up into a pentagonal 
 figure, and open, again, with the rays of Aurora. 
 
 VERBENA, OR VERVAIN. 
 
 Verbena, De Theis derives it from the Celtic ferfaen, 
 to remove; alluding to one of its supposed medicinal vir- 
 tues. 
 
 Some derive verbena from verro, to sweep or cleanse. 
 The Greeks called it the sacred herb and it was with this 
 
 plant alone that they cleaned the festival table of Jupiter, be- 
 fore any great solemnity took place. 
 
 Verbena, among the Romans, was the name of some 
 evergreen aromatic shrub, esteemed sacred, and employed in 
 various solemn ceremonies. 
 
 It was, also, one of those plants dedicated to Venus. 
 Venus the victorious, wore a crown of myrtle interwoven 
 with vervain. The Roman Ambassadors, or heralds at arms, 
 were crowned with vervain, when they went to denounce 
 war. 
 
 A wreath of vervain heralds wear, 
 Amongst our gardens named, 
 
 Being sent the dreadful news to bear, 
 Offensive war proclaimed. 
 
 Drayton. 
 
 From its reputed medicinal and divine properties, it was 
 sometimes worn as an amulet around the neck; and the Ro- 
 mans, in the beginning of the year, made a present of this 
 herb to their friends. 
 
 The common Verbena officinalis, grows wild in Eng- 
 land seldom found above a quarter of a mile from a house, 
 which occasioned its being called sampler's joy, because it 
 denoted a house to be near, for the relief of the weary travel- 
 ler. This species is without fragrance. 
 
 The general character of the flower of the Verbena is 
 a calyx with five teeth, inferior. Corolla, funnel-shaped, 
 rather unequal, curved; limb spreading, cloven half way 
 down into five, more or less, unequal rounded segments. 
 
 VIOLET. 
 
 Viola. 
 
 Viola, the common Latin name for Violet, etymology 
 uncertain. [SeeJ&es' Cj/cZo.] 
 
 Violet, Latin, viola, is, by Ainsworth, derived from via, 
 a way where men go: so, he says, the Greek for the Violet, 
 which is joi/, is derived from the Greek verb i<v, which sig- 
 nifies to go: possibly, from its being found wild on road- 
 sides. 
 
 Some etymologists trace the name of this flower to la, 
 daughter of Midas, who was changed by Diana into a Violet, 
 to hide her from Apollo. And the beautiful modest blossom 
 still retains the bashful timidity of the nymph, partially con- 
 cealing itself amidst its foliage, from the gaze of Phoebus. 
 
 The trembling violet, which eyes 
 The Sun but once, and unrepining dies. 
 
 H. Smith. 
 
 Another fabulous account of the violet, is that it sprung 
 up on purpose to be the food of the metamorphosed Jo, 
 daughter of Inachus, who had been changed by Jupiter into 
 a beautiful white heifer, but fed by Juno's order upon bitter 
 herbs. 
 
 "On leaves of trees, and bitter herbs she fed." 
 
 Dryden's Ovid. 
 
The poetry, the romance, the scenery of every country, 
 is embroidered with violets. 
 
 Violets dim 
 
 But sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes 
 Or Cytherea's breath. Shaks. 
 
 It has a scent as though love, for its dower 
 
 Had on it all his odorous arrows tost; 
 For though the rose has more perfuming power, 
 
 The violet (haply 'cause 'tis almost lost, 
 And takes us so much trouble to discover) 
 
 Stands first with most, but always with a lover. 
 
 Cornwall. 
 
 The prizes of the Floral Games of the Ancients, con- 
 sisted of a golden violet. 
 
 And Virgin's-bower, trailing airily, 
 With others of the sisterhood. 
 
 Keats. 
 
 And in that golden vase was set, 
 The prize the golden violet. 
 
 L.E.L. 
 
 Butler, in ridicule of love speeches, and, at the same 
 time, in recognition of the lover's attachment to this flower, 
 makes his hero, Hudibras, say to his mistress: 
 
 Where'er you tread your foot shall set 
 The primrose and the violet. 
 
 The flower of the genus Viola, has a perianth inferior, 
 short, permanent, of five ovate-oblong, erect leaves, extended 
 at their base. Corolla of five petals, irregular, spurred be- 
 hind, unequal. Nectary projecting betwixt the calyx leaves. 
 
 VIRGIN'S BOWER. 
 Clematis. 
 
 Clematis, L. from the G/. xx.^*, a vine-shoot, tendril, 
 twig. 
 
 The flowers of this genus have no calyx. Petals four, 
 five, or six, sometimes eight, oblong, lax, pubescent. Seeds 
 tailed. 
 
 There are many species of them scattered over the globej 
 several indigenous to America. 
 
 The C. Cirrhosa, Evergreen Virgin's bower called in 
 England sometimes Traveller's joy, wild climber, bride's 
 wreath, virgin's bower, etc. Is a native of Andalusia quite 
 hardy, first cultivated in England by Gerard, plants of which 
 have stood more than fiRy years, in the Chelsea garden. It 
 has white flowers, petals large, elliptical, pubescent on the 
 outside. Peduncle, or flower-stalk, scarcely an inch long, 
 lateral, axillary, one-flowered. Stem, woody, resembling that 
 of the vine, sending out branches from every joint, which 
 renders it a thick bus iy plant. Leaves, on the same plant, 
 both simple and ternate. 
 
 C. Viorna, native of Virginia and Carolina. Root pe- 
 rennial; has purple or bluish-violet flowers, petals with a 
 whitish cottony border. Anthers terminated with a tuft of 
 hairs. Leaves, compound and twice compound, opposite, 
 petioled; leaflets from nine to twelve, three on each pinna, 
 generally entire. Seeds with long plumose tails. 
 
 WALL FLOWER. 
 
 Cheiranthus. 
 (See Gilly Flower.) 
 
 Cheiranthus, comprehends Gilly Flower, and Wall 
 Flower. 
 
 Wall Flower is the Keiri of the Arabians. The mo- 
 dern name Cheiranthus, for wall-Jlower, and the stock, was 
 given by Linnaeus, who derived it from the Arab-c. 
 
 C. Cheiri, named by Gerard, Yellow Stock, and Wall 
 Gilly-flower, is one of the cruciform flowers, having only 
 four petals, which expand in the form of a cross. The two 
 principal varieties are the yellow, and the yellow and bloody. 
 Numerous trivial varieties have arisen from these. 
 
 It is the flower with which the romance writers embel- 
 lish all decaying embankments, falling towers, and monastic 
 ruins; enlivening those relics of more prosperous times, by 
 its gay foliage, and sweet perfume fit emblem of "Fidelity 
 in Misfortune." 
 
 The Wall-Jlower springs from the disjointed stones. 
 
 Greenwood. 
 
 To me it speaks of loveliness 
 
 That passes not with youth; 
 Of beauty which decay can bless, 
 
 Of constancy and truth. 
 
 But in adversity's dark hour 
 When glory is gone by; 
 
 It then exerts its gentle power 
 The scene to beautify. 
 
 An emblem true thou art 
 
 Of love's enduring lustre, given 
 To cheer a lonely heart. 
 
 B. Barton- 
 
 Same. 
 
 To late summer's fragrant breath 
 Clematis' feathery garlands dance. 
 
 Snvith. 
 
 WEEPING WILLOW. 
 
 Salix Babylonica. 
 
 Salix, according to some etymologists, derived from 
 salio, to rise or spring up. In allusion to the quick growth of 
 these plants. 
 
 The Greek synonyme, means to go, because it grows fast. 
 De Theis deduces salix from the Celtic sal, near, and lis, 
 water; applicable to the ordinary situation of the Willow 
 tribe. The Weeping Willow is usually planted near the wa- 
 ter, over which its drooping foJiage has an appropriate and 
 picturesque effect, yet we are told that it thrives best in a 
 dry gravelly soil, being then less apt to split or decay. 
 
 It received its name Salix Babylonica from Linnaeus, 
 in allusion to the 137th Psalm. 
 
 Afflicted Israel shall sit weeping down, 
 
 Their harps upon the neighb'ring willows hnng, 
 
 Nor joyous hymn encouraging their tongue. Prior. 
 
On the willow thy harp is suspended, 
 Oh Salem ! its sound should be free, 
 
 And the hour when thy glories were ended, 
 But left me that token of thee. 
 
 And ne'er shal' its soft notes be blended 
 With the voice of the spoiler by me. 
 
 Silent their harps each cord unstrung, 
 On pendant willow-blanches hung. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 Booker. 
 
 Willow, (gwilou, Welsh,) is defined by Johnson to be 
 " a Tree, of the boughs of which a garland was said to be 
 worn by forlorn 'overs." 
 
 In love, the sad forsaken wight 
 The willow garland weareth. 
 
 Drayton. 
 
 I offered him my company to a willow tree, to make him 
 a garland, as being forsaken. Shaks. 
 
 In such a night 
 
 Stood Dido, with a willow in her hand, 
 Upon the wild sea-banks, and waved her love 
 To come again to Carthage. Shaks. 
 
 I'll wear the willow garland for his sake. 
 
 Same. 
 
 The S. Babylonica is a native of the east. Leaves lan- 
 ceolate, taper-pointed. Catldn naked, accompanying the 
 leaves. As the branches droop, the catkins ascend in a re- 
 curved manner. 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 Triticum. 
 
 Triticu:n, an old Latin name, derived from tritum, 
 ground or rubbed in allusion to the manner in which grain 
 is prepared for the food of mankind. 
 
 Wheat E. Sax. hwcete; Gothic, hwit; Dutch, weit, 
 wheat-grass, or corn. 
 
 Corn is a term applied to all sorts of grain fit for food, 
 particularly Wheat, Rye, etc. These also belong to the 
 grand division of Grosses, which are distinguished from 
 other plants by their simple, straight, unbranched stalk, hol- 
 low, and jointed, commonly called straw, with long narrow 
 tapering leaves, placed at each knob or joint of the stalk, 
 and sheathing or enclosing it, as if by way of support. The 
 T. Caninum or bearded wheat-grass, is that which most 
 pleases the eye on account of the greater length of its beard, 
 or arista. 
 
 The Romans cultivated only the bearded wheat, its bris- 
 tles serving to protect it from birds, etc. 
 
 The flower of triticum, consists of a calyx of two 
 valves, common receptacle zigzag, elongated into a spike. 
 Glume (the husk or chaff,) transverse, containing about three, 
 or more flowers. Corolla of two nearly equal valves, the 
 size of the calyx. 
 
 Ceres, the goddess of corn and harvests, was represent- 
 ed with a garland of ears of corn on her head. And the 
 commemoration of the loss of her daughter, Proserpine, was 
 
 celebrated about the beginning of harvest; that of her search 
 after her, at the time that corn is sown in the earth. 
 
 WOODBINE. 
 
 Lonicera. 
 (See Honeysuckle.) 
 
 Woodbine, or Woodbind, no doi'bt from the flexibility 
 of its branches, and its habit of twining round, or binding 
 the trees, or wood, that may be placed near it. 
 
 But those who wear the woodbine on their brow, 
 Were knights of Jove who never broke their vow; 
 Firm to their plighted faith, and ever free 
 From fears, and fickle chance, ard jealousy. 
 
 Ih-yderi's Vision of Chaucer. 
 
 YARROW 
 
 Achillea, Millefolium. 
 
 Achillea, Milfoil, so called from Jlchilles, who is sup- 
 posed to have acquired some knowledge of botany from his 
 master Chiron, and to have used this plant for the cure of 
 wounds, etc. The JL. JVKllefolium, or Yarrow, is reputed 
 to have great medicinal virtue. 
 
 The Yarrow, wherewithal he stopt the wound-made 
 gore. Drayton. 
 
 We find in Medical books, that the green leaves of 
 Yarrow pounded, and applied to a bruise, dissipates it in a 
 few days. 
 
 Millefolium, of the two Latin words, mille, a thousand, 
 and folium, a leaf. 
 
 Yarrow, Skinner derives it from the Anglo-Saxon 
 Gearewe, etc., and adds, that Minshrew derives it from ar- 
 row, because it is the best healer of wounds, and was, there- 
 fore, in former times, happily applied to wounds made by ar- 
 rowsor, perhaps, says he, it comes from the Saxon gear, 
 the year, because it retains its foliage almost through the 
 whole year. 
 
 The common Yarrow, Ji. Millefolium, is mixed instead 
 of hops, in their ale, by the inhabitants of Dalekarlia, in or- 
 der to j,lve it an inebriating quality. 
 
 It is generally esteemed a troublesome and noxious weed 
 in pastures. Its white blossoms, nevertheless, beautify our 
 fields, and could not well be spared by the lovers of flowers. 
 Their pearly blossoms have sometimes been seen, at this day, 
 forming a beautiful ornament for a lady's hair. 
 
 ZINNIA. 
 
 Zinnia, named by Linnaeus, in honour of Dr. Jno. G. 
 Zinn, professor of physic and botany at Gottingen, etc. 
 
 There are many species of Zinnia, native of warm cli- 
 mates; many of them indigenous in America. The common 
 red Zinnia, or Z. Multijlora, is found on the banks of the 
 Mississippi. Rays, yellow, orange, or brick dust colour. 
 The Jlowers stand each on a hollow, deeply furrowed, termi- 
 nal stalk, from one to two inches long, much thicker than 
 the stem, and gradually swelling upwards. The disk is coni- 
 
cal and acute, composed of reddish or tawny florets, accom- 
 panied by the prominent, dark-green, or blackish, scales of 
 the receptacle; the radius of this compound flower, consists 
 of ten or more broad, elliptical, usually emarginate florets, 
 of a deep brick-red, and very smooth above; pale greenish, 
 and rough beneath; reticulated with veins, and finally becom- 
 ing rigid, or membranous. Calyx imbricated, somewhat 
 ovate, with numerous obtuse, erect, permanent scales. 
 
 Zinnia contains plants of the annual flowering kind, 
 of which the species cultivated are the N. American plant 
 
 just noticed. The Z. Pauc\flora, Yellow Zinnia, with a less 
 hairy stem, and greater breadth of leaf, somewhat heart- 
 shaped, at their base. Native of Peru. Z. VerticUlate, 
 whorl-leafed Z. Flowers, a multiplied radius of deep scarlet, 
 the disk broader, and less conical, than either of the others. 
 Z. Elegans, purple-flowered Zinnia. And Z. Tenuifiora, 
 slender-flowered Z. The flowers being the smallest of their 
 genus, and distinguished by their bright red narrow revolute 
 radiant florets, very rough at the edges; the tubular florets 
 are yellow. The three last named are natives of Mexico. 
 
EXPLANATION OF BOTANICAL TERMS USED IN FLORA'S DICTIONARY. 
 
 Jlculcus, prickly, sharp-pointed projections from the bark, as 
 in the rose. A thorn or spine, is a sharp-pointed 
 projection growing from the woody substance of a 
 plant, as in hawthorn. 
 
 Acuminate, pointed, having a taper, or awl-shaped extremity. 
 
 Amentum, see Catkin. 
 
 Articulate, jointed; where one leaf grows out of the top of 
 another; or the jointed culm or straw of grasses. 
 
 Jlwl-shaped, see Subulate. 
 
 Awn, the sharp points or beards issuing from the glume, are 
 called awns, or aristse, as in bearded wheat. 
 
 Axillary, when the flower-stalk grows between the leaf and 
 the stem. 
 
 Banner, see Standard. 
 
 Binate, growing in pairs. 
 
 Biternate, twice ternate, or doubly three-leafed. 
 
 Bracteated, (L. bractea,) a floral leaf, differing from the 
 other leaves in shape and colour, generally situated on 
 the peduncle, so near the corolla, as easily to be mis- 
 taken for the calyx. 
 
 Caducous, falling early. A caducous calyx falls before the 
 corolla is well unfolded, as in the poppy. Caducous 
 leaves, fall before the end of the summer. 
 
 Campanulate, in the form of a bell. 
 
 Canaliculate, channeled, having a deep furrow or channel; 
 applied to the stem, leaf, or petiole of plants, some- 
 times to the calyx. 
 
 Capitate, growing in a head, applied to a flower, or stigma. 
 
 Capsule, the seed-vessel of a plant; a dry membranaceous 
 hollow pericarp. 
 
 Catkin, (or Amentum, L. a thong, or strap,) is a composi- 
 tion of flowers and chaff", on a long, slender thread- 
 shaped receptacle; the whole somewhat resembling a 
 cat's tail in shape, as in the willow. 
 
 Ciliate, fringed with parallel hairs. 
 
 Claw, the narrow part of the petal below, by which it is in- 
 serted or attached. 
 
 Compound flower, a flower of the class syngenesia, consist- 
 ing of florets with united anthers. 
 
 Cone, a scaly fruit like that of the pine. See Strobiks. 
 
 Connate, opposite, with the bases united, or growing into 
 one; as in the upper leaves of honeysuckle. 
 
 Coriaceous, (from corium, leather,) stiff, like leather, or 
 parchment. 
 
 Corollule, one of the partial flowers which make a compound 
 one; the floret in an aggregate flower. 
 
 Corymb, (corymbus, L. a top, head, or cluster,) a kind of 
 spike, in which the partial-stalks are gradually longer 
 as they stand lower on the common stalk, so that all 
 the flowers are nearly on a level. 
 
 Cotyledon, (a hollow, or cavity.) In botany, the perishable 
 lobe of the seeds of plants. It involves, and nourishes 
 the embryo plant, and then perishes. Some seeds 
 have two lobes, others only one, and some none. 
 
 Crenate, (scolloped,) when the teeth are rounded, and not 
 directed towards either end of the leaf, as in ground 
 Ivy. 
 
 Cucullate, hooded or cowled; rolled or folded in; as in the 
 spathe of Arumtriphyllum, or Indian turnip. 
 
 Culm, or straw, is the peculiar stem of grasses, rushes, etc. 
 
 Cyme, has the general appearance of an umbel; as in umbel- 
 liferous plants, its common stalks, all spring from one 
 centre, but, differing from those plants, in having the 
 stalks variously and alternately subdivided, as in elder, 
 and guelder-rose. 
 
 Deciduous, falling, not perennial, or permanent. A decidu- 
 ous leaf, falls in Autumn. A deciduous calyx, that 
 which falls after the coral opens. 
 
 Decumbent, leaning upon the ground, the base only erect. 
 
 Dejlexed, bending downward arch- wise. 
 
 Dentate, toothed, notched, having points like teeth on the 
 margin of the leaf. 
 
 Denticulate, minutely toothed. 
 
 Depressed, where the radical leaves are pressed close into 
 the ground. 
 
 Dichotomous, forked; dividing into two equal branches. 
 
 Diaphanous, transparent, clear. 
 
 Digitate, fingered, when several leaflets, or little leaves pro- 
 ceed from the summit of a common foot- stalk; or, a 
 leaf which branches into several distinct leaflets, like 
 fingers. 
 
 Disk, the central part of a radiate compound flower. Or the 
 whole surface or top, in distinction from the edge. 
 
 Divaricate, standing out wide. 
 
 Dorsal, pertaining to the back, dorsal awn, etc. 
 
 Drupe, (Drupa, Drupae,) a pulpy seed-vessel, consisting of a 
 hard nut or stone, encompassed by a soft pulpy sub- 
 stance, as the cherry, olive, etc. 
 
 Emarginate, notched at the end; applied to the leaf, coral, 
 or stigma. 
 
 Ensiform, see sword-shaped leaf. 
 
 Entire. An entire leaf is without teeth or notches. An en- 
 tire stem, is one without branches. 
 
 Fascicle, (a bundle,) a term applied to flowers on little foot- 
 stalks, variously inserted, and subdivided, collected 
 into a close bundle, level at the top, as in sweet-wil- 
 liam. 
 
 Filiform, having the form of thread, o.r filament; of equal 
 thickness from top to bottom. 
 
 Floral-leaf, see Bractea. 
 
 Floret, a little flower; the separate little flower of an aggre- 
 gate flower. 
 
 Floscule, a partial, or lesser floret of an aggregate flower. 
 
 Gibbous, swelling on both sides, or on one 
 
 Gland, Glandular, having excretory, or secretory ducts or 
 vessels. Abundant on the stalk, and other parts of 
 the Moss Rose, and constituting the most prominent 
 character of that flower. 
 
Glume, or Husk, the calyx or blossom of grasses and corn, 
 formed of one or more thin, dry, semi-transparent 
 leaves, called valves, embracing the seed, often termi- 
 nated by the arista, or beard. The chaff. 
 
 Hirsute, rough with hairs. 
 
 Hispid, rough} having strong hairs, or bristles, more than 
 hirsute. 
 
 Imbricated, lying over each other, like tiles on a roof; as 
 leaves in the bud. 
 
 Inferior. An inferior flower, is one in which the calyx and 
 corolla are below the germ. 
 
 Inflexed, turned, bent. 
 
 .Inflorescence, a term used to express the particular manner in 
 which flowers are situated upon a plant. As a bunch, 
 (thyrsus) a dense or close panicle, corymb, spike, ra- 
 ceme, umbel, whorl, cyme, fascicle, etc. 
 
 Involucre, or involucrum, a sort of general calyx serving for 
 many flowers; generally situated at the base of an um- 
 bel, or head; as in co; nus florida, or dogwood. 
 
 Involute, rolled spirally inwards; the reverse of revolute. 
 
 Keel, the under petal of a papilionaceous flower. Also the 
 lower side of the midrib of a leaf. 
 
 Keeled, or carinated, having a longitudinal prominence on 
 the back. See also Papilionaceous. 
 
 Labiate, having an upper and lower lip, as in flowers of the 
 class Didynamia. 
 
 Lamina, the border, the upper part, broad or spreading part 
 of a petal, in distinction from its claw. 
 
 Lanceolate, shaped like a lance, oblong, and gradually taper- 
 ing towards each extremity, spear-shaped, as in the 
 willow. 
 
 Leaflet, a little leaf, or one of the divisions of a compound 
 leaf. 
 
 Legume, a seed-vessel of two valves, in which the seeds are 
 fixed to one suture only. A pod: differing from sili- 
 qua, (silique, E.) in which the seeds are attached to 
 both sutures. 
 
 Limb, the border or upper spreading part of a monopetalous 
 corol. 
 
 Linear, of the same breadth throughout, except at the extre- 
 mities; as in most of the grasses. 
 
 Lip, the upper or under side of the mouth of a labiate corolla, 
 as in sage, hyssop, etc. 
 
 Lobed, when divided to the middle, into parts distant from 
 each other, with rounded, or convex margins, as in the 
 leaves of sassafras, etc. 
 
 J\tembranaceous, flatted or resembling parchment. A mem- 
 branaceous leaf has no distinguishable pulp between 
 the two surfaces. Very thin and delicate. 
 
 Midrib, the large central vein of a leaf, which is a continu- 
 ation of the petiole. 
 
 Monopetalous, having only one petal, consisting of two parts, 
 a tube, or lower part, and a limb. 
 
 Multifid, many cleft; having many divisions. 
 
 Nerves, parallel veins. 
 
 Obovate, inversely ovate ; having the narrow end downward. 
 Officinal, officinalis, kept for sale as medicine. 
 Orbiculate, in the form of an orb; a leaf that has both its 
 longitudinal, and transverse diameters equal. 
 
 Ovate, egg-shaped ; and the base wider than the other end. 
 
 Palmate, hand-shaped; with the fingers extended, or spread. 
 
 Panicle, (L. Panicula) a species of inflorescence in which 
 the flowers or fruits are scattered on peduncles, vari- 
 ously subdivided, without order, as in Oat, and grasses. 
 
 Paniculated, having branches variously subdivided, as a pa- 
 niculate stem. Or having the flowers in panicles. 
 
 Papilionaceous, resembling the butterfly; as the pea. Usu- 
 ally four-petaled, having an uoper spreading petal, 
 called the banner or standard: two side petals, term- 
 ed wings, and a lower petal styled keel. 
 
 Pappus, the down of seeds; as that of the dandelion. A 
 feathery appendage. 
 
 Parasitic, growing on another plant, and drawing nourish- 
 ment from it; as the Mistletoe. 
 
 Patulous, spread'ng: as a patulous calyx, etc. 
 
 Pectinated, a pinnatifid leaf, the segments of which are re- 
 markably narrow, like the teeth of a comb. 
 
 Pedate, a ternate leaf, with its lateral leaflets compounded 
 in thei- fore -part. 
 
 Pedical, the ultimate branch of a peduncle. A little stalk. 
 
 Peduncle, or flower-stalk, is a partial trunk, springing from 
 the stem, and supporting the flowers, but not the 
 leaves. 
 
 Pellicle, a very thin stratum, or coat. 
 
 Peltate, or sliield-'brmed, when the foot-stalk is inserted 
 into, or near the centre of the lower surface of the 
 leaf, as in the nasturtium. 
 
 Pencilled, ending like a painter's pencil, or brush. 
 
 Perfoliate, surrounding the stem on all sides and perforated 
 by it. It differs 'Yom connate, in not consisting of two 
 leaves; as in Eupatorium perfoliatum, or American 
 Thorough-wort. 
 
 Pericarp, the seed-vessel of a plant. 
 
 Persistent, not falling off. Those parts of a flower are per- 
 sistent which remain till the fruit is ripe. 
 
 Personate, masked. Having the mouth of the corolla closed 
 by a proinnent palate; as in the Toadfax, (Antirrhi- 
 num.') 
 
 Petiole, a leaf-stalk; the foot-stalk of a leaf. 
 
 Petiolated, growing on foot-stalk, as in the currant. 
 
 Pilose, hairy. With a stiff pubescence. 
 
 Pinnate, a species of compound leaf wherein a simple peti- 
 ole has several leaflets attached to each side of it. 
 
 Pinnatifid, a species of simple leaf, divided transversely, by 
 oblong horizontal segments, not extending to the mid- 
 rib. 
 
 Raceme, or cluster, consists of numerous, rather distant flow- 
 ers, each on its own proper stalk, and all connected by 
 one common stalk, as a bunch of currants. 
 
 Radiant, rayed, or radiate coral or flower, is a compound 
 flower, consisting of a disk, in which the corollets or 
 florets are tubular, and regular, and of a ray, in which 
 the florets are irregular. 
 
 Radical, proceeding immediately from the root; as the leaves 
 of the cowslip. 
 
 Ray, the diverging florets or petals which form the outside of 
 radiate flowers, cymes, and umbels. 
 
Receptacle, the end of a flower-stalk; being the base to 
 which most or all the parts of fructification are at- 
 tached. 
 
 Recurved, bent back or downward. 
 
 Reflexed, bent backward. 
 
 Reniform, kidney-shaped. Heart-shaped without the point. 
 
 Reticulate, net like. Having veins distributed like net-work. 
 
 Revolute, ro'led back, or downward. 
 
 Rhomboid, diamond-shape, approaching to a square. 
 
 Ringent, or labiate corol ; one which is irregular, monopeta- 
 Icus, with the border usually divided into two parts, 
 called the upper, and lower lip; gaping like the mouth 
 of an animal. 
 
 Rugose, as leaves of sage. 
 
 Runcinate, having large teeth pointing backward; as the 
 leaves of the dandelion. 
 
 Sarmentose, running on the ground and striking roots from 
 the joints, as the strawberry. 
 
 Scabious, rough. 
 
 Scape, a stalk which springs from the root, and supports 
 flowers and fruit, but no leaves. As in Narcissus, 
 Dandelion, and Hyacinth. 
 
 Scarious, tough, thin, and semi-transparent, dry, and sonorous 
 to the touch; as a perianth. 
 
 Serrated, Serratures, like the teeth of a saw, and pointing 
 towards the extremi.y of the leaf, as in the nettle and 
 rose. Some leaves are doubly serrated, having the 
 teeth again cut into other little teeth, as in canterbury 
 bell. 
 
 Sessile, or sitting, when a leaf grows immediately to the 
 stem, or stalk, branch, or root, without any foot-stalk. 
 A Sessile flower, has no peduncle, or flower-stalk. 
 
 Sheath, a tubular or folded leafy portion inclosing the stem; 
 as the leaves of grasses. 
 
 Silique, (Siliqua, L.) a pod or seed-vessel usually longer 
 than it is broad, with two valves or covers, and sepa- 
 rated by a linear receptacle, the seeds alternately fixed 
 to both sutures, or seams, as in the common stock. 
 
 Simple leaves, are such as have only a single leaf on the 
 petiole or foot-stalk; not divided, branched or com- 
 pounded. 
 
 Simple, not divided, branched, or compounded. 
 
 Sinuate, having sinuses at the edge. 
 
 Sinus, a large rounded indentation or cavity. 
 
 Spadix, an elongated receptacle of flowers, commonly pro- 
 ceeding from a spathe. 
 
 Spathe, a sheathing calyx opening lengthwise on one side, 
 and consisting of one or more valves; as in the onion. 
 See Spadix. 
 
 Spike, a species of inflorescence, in which sessile flowers 
 are alternate, on a common simple peduncle, as in 
 Wheat, Rye, Lavender, etc. An ear of corn, or grain, 
 is called a spike; it is particularly applicable to ears 
 of maize. 
 
 Spur, a sharp hollow projection from a flower, commonly the 
 nectary. 
 
 Standard, the upper petal, or banner, of a papilionaceous 
 corol. 
 
 Stipule, a scale or small leaf situated on each side, and some- 
 times on one side only, of the base of the leaf-stalks, 
 for the purpose of supporting them at their first ap- 
 pearance, as in vetches. Sometimes it is united lat- 
 terly to the foot-stalk, as in the rose. 
 
 Striated, marked with fine hollow parallel lines. 
 
 Strobiles, or Cone, a kind of seed-vessel, formed by a catkin, 
 with hardened scales, and containing a seed withiu the 
 base of each scale, as in the fir. 
 
 Subsessile, almost sessile; having very short foot-stalks. 
 
 Subulate, awl-shaped; linear, or slender at the base, and gra- 
 dually tapering towards the end, like an awl. 
 
 Sutures, or seams, the edges by which the valves are con- 
 nected, which is the external covering of the seed. 
 
 Sword-shaped, or Ensiform, two edged, tapering to a point, 
 and somewhat convex on both surfaces, as in Iris. 
 
 Tendril, a filiform appendage of certain vines, which sup- 
 ports them by turning round other objects. 
 
 Terminal, when it terminates a stem, or branch. 
 
 Ternate, growing by threes, as in Trefoils. 
 
 Thread-shaped, see filiform. 
 
 Tomentous, downy, nappy, cottony; covered with hairs so 
 close as to be scarcely discernible. 
 
 Trifid, divided into three parts; by linear sinuses, with 
 straight margins; three-cleft. 
 
 Truncate, having a square termination as if cut off; as the 
 leaves of the Tiriodendron Tulipifera. 
 
 Tuberous, from tuber, a bunch. Consisting of roundish 
 fleshy bodies, or tubers, connected into a bunch by in- 
 tervening threads; as the roots of potatoes, artichokes, 
 etc. 
 
 Umbel, a kind of inflorescence in which the flower-stalks di- 
 verge from one centre like rays; as in the Parsnip, 
 Parsley, etc. See Cyme. 
 
 Undulate, when the middle part of the leaf, especially as it 
 approaches the margin, is acutely folded up and down, 
 as in the Mallows . 
 
 Valve, the outer coat, shell or covering of a capsule or other 
 pericarp, or rather one of the pieces which compose 
 it; also, one of the leaflets composing the calyx and 
 corol in grasses. 
 
 Veiny, when the fibres on the surface of the leaf are branched, 
 as in the hawthorn. 
 
 Ventricose, swelling out in the middle; as a ventricous pe~ 
 rianth. 
 
 Verticillate, whorled. Having leaves given off in a circle 
 round the stem. 
 
 Villous, having the hairs long and soft. 
 
 Vivaparous, producing a collateral offspring by means of 
 bulbs. 
 
 Whorl, or Verticillate, in which the flowers surround the 
 stem in a sort of ring, though they may not perhaps be 
 inserted on all sides of it, but merely on two opposite 
 sides, and even on one side only. 
 
 Wings, the two lateral petals of a papilionaceous flower. 
 
 Winged, having the sides extended into a leafy expansion. 
 
POPULAR NAMES. 
 
 
 
 CLASS AND 
 
 ORDER. 
 
 NATURAL ORDER. 
 
 ORDER OP JUSSIEU. 
 
 
 17 
 13 
 12 
 16 
 6 
 21 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 19 
 13 
 
 21 
 5 
 10 
 14 
 5 
 14 
 9 
 4 
 17 
 21 
 17 
 13 
 20 
 12 
 16 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 10 
 22 
 19 
 19 
 17 
 5 
 
 13 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 6 
 19 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 12 
 4 
 12 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 21 
 14 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 Diadelphia . . . 
 Polyandria . . . 
 Icosandria . . . 
 Monadelphia . . 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Monoecia . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 Hexandria . . . 
 
 Monoecia . . . 
 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 Polyandria . . . 
 Moncecia . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Decandria . . . 
 Didynamia . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Didynamia . . . 
 Enneandria . . 
 Tetrandria . . . 
 Diadelphia . . . 
 Monoecia . . 
 Diadelphia . . . 
 Polyandria . . 
 Gynandria . . . 
 Icosandria . . . 
 Monadelphia . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Decandria .... 
 . Polygynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Polyandria .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Pentandria .... 
 . Digynia 
 
 Papilionaces . . . 
 Mtiltisiliqucc .... 
 
 Leguminosae. 
 Ranunculaces. 
 Rosaces. 
 Malvaceae. 
 Asphodeli. 
 Amaranthi. 
 Amaranthi. 
 
 Narcissi. 
 
 Corymbifers. 
 
 Coryrnbifers. 
 Ranunculaces. 
 same. 
 Lysimachis. 
 same. 
 Labiatae. 
 Gerania. 
 Labials. 
 Lauri. 
 Schrophularis. 
 Leguminoss. 
 Euphorbia;. 
 Leguminoss. 
 Ranunculaceaj. 
 Aroideae. 
 Rosaceae. 
 Aurantia. 
 Campanulaceae. 
 Rubiaceae. 
 Campanulaceae. 
 Caryophylles. 
 same. 
 Coryrnbifers. 
 Corymbifers. 
 Leguminoss. 
 Amaranthi. 
 
 Ranunculaceaj. 
 Convolvuli. 
 Corymbiferae. 
 
 Lysimachis. 
 Irides. 
 Lilia. 
 same. 
 Narcissi. 
 Lilia. 
 Corymbiferae. 
 
 Cichoraces. 
 
 Ficoides. 
 Caprifolia. 
 Rosaces. 
 Caprifolia. 
 
 Corymbifers. 
 
 Corymbifera. 
 same. 
 Scrophularis. 
 Onagrs. 
 Gerania. 
 
 
 Almond, flowering . . 
 
 Columnifera .... 
 Lilia Coronaris. 
 Miscellaneae .... 
 Holeraces .... 
 Lilia. The Spatha- ) 
 cese of Lin. . . J 
 Composite. Nuca- ) 
 menttaces . . . $ 
 Composite Radiati 
 Multisiliquae .... 
 Conifers 
 
 
 Amaranth .... 
 Amaranth Globe . . 
 
 Amaryllis .... 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 . Pentandria .... 
 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 Polygynia .... 
 . Monadelphia . . . 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Pentagynia .... 
 . Gymnospermia . . . 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Gymnospermia . . . 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Decandria .... 
 . Tetrandria .... 
 . Decandria .... 
 . Polygynia .... 
 . Polyandria .... 
 . Polygynia . . . . 
 . Polyandria .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 Amer. Star wort . . 
 
 Arbor Vits .... 
 
 Bachelor's Button . . 
 Balm 
 
 Caryophylleoe . . . 
 Verticillatae .... 
 Corydales .... 
 Verticillats .... 
 Holeraces .... 
 Personals .... 
 Papilionaces . . . 
 Tricoccs 
 Papilionaces . . 
 Multisiliqus . . . 
 Piperits 
 
 
 Basil 
 
 Bay Leaf 
 
 Belvidere .... 
 Bird's foot trefoil . . 
 Box 
 
 
 Butter Cup .... 
 Calla .ZEthiopica . . 
 Calycanthus .... 
 Camella Japonica . . 
 Canterbury Bell . . 
 Cape Jasmine . . . 
 Cardinal's Flower . . 
 Catch Fly .... 
 C e d ar 
 
 Undetermined by Lin. 
 Columnifera? . . . 
 Campanaces . . . 
 Contorts 
 
 Campanaces . . . 
 Caryophylleae . . . 
 
 Decandria . 
 
 Trigynia 
 
 
 China Aster .... 
 Chrysanthemum . . 
 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 Diadelphia . .. . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 Poylandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Syngenesia . 
 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Triandria . . . 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Monoccia . . . 
 Hexandria . 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 
 Icosandria . . . 
 Tetrandria . 
 Icosandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 Moncecia . . . 
 Didynamia . . . 
 Octandria . . . 
 Monadelphia . . 
 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 . Decandria .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 . Pentagynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Polygamia Frustanea . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monadelphia . . . 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 
 . Polygamia .ZEqualis . 
 
 . Pentagynia . . . 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Polygynia .... 
 . Trigynia . ... 
 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 
 . Polygamia JEqualis . 
 . Monadelphia . . , 
 . Angiospermia . 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Heptandria .... 
 
 Composite Radiati . 
 Composite Discoides 
 Papilionaces . . . 
 Holeraceae . . . 
 Mullisiliqus, or > 
 Corniculats . . J 
 Campanaces . . 
 Composits. Opposi- ) 
 tifolis . . . . $ 
 
 Cock's Comb . . . 
 Columbine .... 
 Convolvulus .... 
 C oreopsis Arkansa . . 
 
 
 Ensats .... 
 Coronariae .... 
 
 Crown Imperial . . 
 
 Daffodil 
 
 Spathaceae .... 
 Corymbifers 
 Composite Discoideae 
 Composites. Semi- \ 
 flosculosae . . . J 
 Succulents .... 
 Stellatae 
 Senticos83 .... 
 Dumosae 
 Compositae. Nuca- ) 
 mentaceae . . . J 
 Composite Discoidae . 
 Conifers 
 
 Dahlia 
 
 
 Dandelion .... 
 Dew Plant .... 
 
 Eglantine .... 
 Elder 
 
 Everlasting .... 
 
 Fever Root .... 
 Fir, Balm of Gilead . 
 Fox Glove .... 
 
 LuridiB 
 
 Calycanthems . . . 
 Gruinales .... 
 
 Geranium .... 
 
POPULAR NAMES. 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 CLASS AND 
 
 ORDER. 
 
 NATURAL ORDER. 
 
 ORDER OP JUSSIEU. 
 
 Gilly Flower . . . 
 Golden Rod, or V 
 Virga Aurei . . J 
 
 15 
 
 1!) 
 
 r, 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 5 
 5 
 13 
 
 K; 
 
 4 
 
 K; 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 (; 
 
 10 
 2 
 
 ii 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 r, 
 17 
 20 
 13 
 13 
 10 
 5 
 14 
 IS 
 21 
 2 
 6 
 (i 
 17 
 17 
 13 
 2\ 
 
 17 
 13 
 1!) 
 5 
 6 
 11 
 23 
 12 
 
 21 
 
 12 
 6 
 
 S 
 21 
 5 
 21 
 3 
 5 
 2 
 IS 
 li) 
 5 
 5 
 
 Tetradynamia . . 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 Triandria . . . 
 
 Icosandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Polyandria . . . 
 Monadelphia . . 
 Tetrandria . . . 
 Monadelphia . . 
 
 Telradynamia . . 
 
 Didynamia . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 Tetrandria . . . 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Decandria . . . 
 Diandria . . . 
 Didynamia . . . 
 Icosandria . . . 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Triandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Diadelphia . . . 
 Gynandria . . . 
 Polyandria . . . 
 Polyandria . . . 
 Decandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Siliquosa .... 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 Diffvnia 
 
 Siliquosa! 
 
 Cruciferae. 
 Corymbiferae. 
 
 Vites. 
 
 and several Polyga- 
 mous. 
 Rosaceae. 
 Cisti et Violeae. 
 Borragincae. 
 Ranunculaceae. 
 Malvaceae. 
 Rhamni. 
 Malvaceae. 
 
 Cruciferae. 
 
 Rutaceae. 
 Caprifolia. 
 
 Rhododendra. 
 
 Rubiaceae. 
 Asphodeli. 
 Caprifolia. 
 Jasmineae. 
 Bignoniae. 
 Ficoideae. 
 Narcissi. 
 Irides. 
 Caprifolia. 
 same. 
 
 Salicariae. 
 Ranunculaceae. 
 Rhododendra. 
 Caprifolia. 
 Labiatae. 
 Aurantia. 
 same. 
 Jasmineae. 
 Lilia. 
 Asparagi. 
 Leguminosae. 
 Leguminosae. 
 Ranunculaceae. 
 Amaranthi. 
 Leguminosae. 
 Magnoliae. 
 Corymbiferae. 
 Nyctagines. 
 Colchicaceae. 
 Capparides. 
 Leguminosae. 
 Myrti. 
 
 Myrti. 
 Narcissi. 
 Geraniis Affine. 
 Urticae. 
 Solaneae. 
 same. 
 
 Apocineae. 
 Jasmineae. 
 Aurantia. 
 Corymbiferae. 
 
 same. 
 
 Composite Discoideas 
 
 Hederaceae, or per- ) 
 haps Cucurbitacea? $ 
 Some few are Monce- 
 cius, none Dioecious, 
 Pomaceaj 
 Campanaceae . . . 
 Asperifolia; .... 
 Multisiliquae .... 
 Columnifera . . . . 
 
 Grass .... 
 
 Hawthorn .... 
 Heart's Ease . . . 
 Heliotrope .... 
 Hellebore .... 
 
 . Digynia 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia . . . . 
 . Polygynia .... 
 . Polyandria .... 
 . Tetragynia .... 
 . Polyandria .... 
 
 Holly 
 
 Hollyhock .... 
 Honesty, or Satin ) 
 Flower. . . . J 
 Honey Flower . . . 
 Honeysuckle . . . 
 Honeysucklp, or 7 
 Azalea . . . . J 
 Houstonia .... 
 
 Columniferae. . . . 
 
 . Angiospermia . . . 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 - Monogynia .... 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 Monogynia .... 
 Digynia 
 
 Corydalea .... 
 Aggregate .... 
 
 Bicornes 
 
 Stellatae 
 
 Coronariae .... 
 Succulentae .... 
 Separiae 
 
 Hydranger .... 
 Jasmine, white . . . 
 Jasmine, yellow . . 
 Ice Plant 
 Jonquil (A Narcissus) 
 Iris (A Flag) . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Angiospermia . . . 
 . Pentagynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Decandria .... 
 Diandria 
 
 Personals .... 
 Succulentae .... 
 Spathaceae .... 
 Ensatae 
 
 Hederaceae .... 
 Leguminosae 
 Orchideae .... 
 Calycanthemae . . . 
 Multisiliquae .... 
 Bicornes 
 
 Laburnum .... 
 Ladies' Slipper . . 
 *Lagerstro3mia . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 Laurel (Kalmia) . . 
 Laurustinus .... 
 Lavender .... 
 Lemon blossom . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 Trigynia 
 
 
 
 Verticillatae .... 
 Bicornes 
 
 Polyadelphia . . 
 Cryptogamia . . 
 Diandria . . . 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Diadelphia . . . 
 Diadelphia . . . 
 Poylandria . . . 
 Monoecia . . . 
 Diadelphia . . . 
 Polyandria . . . 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Dodecandria . . 
 Polygamia . . . 
 Icosandria . . . 
 
 Cryptogamia . . 
 
 Icosandria . . . 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Octandria . . . 
 Mona;cia . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Monoecia . . . 
 Triandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Diandria . . . 
 Polyadelphia . . 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Pentandria . 
 
 . Icosandria .... 
 Alga; 
 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Decandria .... 
 . Decandria .... 
 . Pentagynia .... 
 . Pentandria .... 
 Decandria .... 
 . Polygynia .... 
 . Polygamia necescaria . 
 . Monogynia .... 
 Trigynia 
 
 
 Lily 
 
 Coronariae .... 
 Sarmentaceae . . . 
 Papilionaceas . . . 
 Papilionaceae ... 
 Multisiliquee. . . . 
 Miscellaneae .... 
 Papilionaceae . . . 
 Coadunatae .... 
 Compositae Discoideae 
 Aggregate .... 
 Spathaceae .... 
 Miscellaneas .... 
 Lomentaceae. . . . 
 Hesperideae .... 
 
 Hesperideae .... 
 Spathaceae .... 
 Trihilateae .... 
 Scabridffi 
 Ijinilii' 
 
 Lily of the Valley . . 
 
 Lotos or Lotus . . . 
 Love in a mist . . . 
 Love lies-a-bleeding . 
 Lupine 
 
 
 
 Marvel of Peru . . 
 Meadow Saffron . . 
 Mignonette .... 
 Mimosa 
 
 . Trigynia ..... 
 . Monoecia 
 . Monogynia .... 
 The second order of ) 
 this class. $ 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Tetrandria .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Polyandria .... 
 . Digynia 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Icosandria .... 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 . Digynia 
 . Trvzinia . 
 
 Mock Orange . . . 
 
 Myrtle 
 
 Narcissus .... 
 Nasturtium .... 
 Nettle 
 
 Nightshade .... 
 Oak 
 
 Amentaceae .... 
 Gramina 
 
 Oat . . . . 
 
 
 Olive 
 
 Separias 
 Bicornes 
 Compositae .... 
 Umbellatae .... 
 Cucurbitaceae . 
 
 Orange blossom . . 
 Ox Eye 
 
 Parsley 
 
 fPassion flower . 
 
POPULAR NAMES. 
 
 c 
 
 
 CLASS AND 
 
 ORDER. 
 
 NATURAL ORDER. 
 
 ORDER OF JUSSIEU. 
 
 Pea, everlasting . . 
 Pea, sweet .... 
 
 17 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 Diadelphia . . . 
 Diadelphia . 
 
 . Decandria Superflua . 
 . Decandria .... 
 
 Digynia 
 
 Papilionaceae . . . 
 Papilionaces . . . 
 Multisiliquae Helle- > 
 
 Leguminoss. 
 Leguminosae. 
 
 Peach blossom . . . 
 Pennyroyal, cunila . . 
 
 12 
 2 
 <> 
 
 Icosandria . . . 
 Diandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 borus . . . . J 
 Pomaces 
 Verticillate .... 
 
 Rosaces. 
 Labiatx. 
 
 Phlox 
 
 5 
 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 
 
 Pine 
 
 21 
 
 
 . Monadelphia . . . 
 
 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 Monadelphia . . . 
 
 
 
 Pink 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Polyanthos .... 
 
 5 
 19 
 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 Monogynia .... 
 
 Precis 
 
 Lysimachiae. 
 
 Poppy 
 
 13 
 
 Polyandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 
 Papaveraceas. 
 
 Pride of China . . . 
 
 in 
 
 Decandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 Trihilate 
 
 Melia). 
 
 Primrose, evening . . 
 
 8 
 
 <> 
 
 Octandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 Calycanthems . . . 
 
 Onagrx. 
 
 Privet 
 
 9 
 
 Diandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 
 
 Quamoclit .... 
 
 5 
 
 1 r > 
 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 Campanaceae . . . 
 
 Convolvuli 
 
 Ragged Robin . . 
 Ranunculus .... 
 
 10 
 13 
 1 r i 
 
 Decandria . . . 
 Polyandria . . . 
 Tetradynamia > . 
 
 . Pentagynia .... 
 . Polygynia .... 
 
 Caryophylleze . . . 
 Multisiliquse .... 
 
 same. 
 Ranunculaceae. 
 
 Rose 
 
 1 
 
 
 . Polygynia .... 
 
 
 
 Rose Campion . . . 
 Rosemary .... 
 Rue 
 
 10 
 2 
 10 
 
 Decandria . . . 
 Diandria . . . 
 
 . Pentagynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 Monogynia .... 
 
 Caryopbylleae . . . 
 Verticillatae .... 
 
 Ranunculaces. 
 
 Labiate. 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 Monogynia .... 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 
 
 Scarlet Lychnis . . 
 Snap Dragon . . . 
 Snow Ball .... 
 
 10 
 14 
 5 
 
 Decandria . . . 
 Didynamia . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Pentagynia .... 
 . Angiospermia . . . 
 
 Caryophylleae , . . 
 PersonatsB .... 
 
 same. 
 Scrophulariae. 
 
 Snow Drop .... 
 Sorrel, wild .... 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Decandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Pentagynia .... 
 
 Spathacese .... 
 
 Narcissi, 
 same. 
 
 Speedwell .... 
 Spider Wort . . 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 Diandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 Personals .... 
 
 Pediculares. 
 
 Star of Bethlehem . . 
 St. John's Wort . . 
 
 6 
 
 IS 
 
 Hexandria . . . 
 Polyadelphia . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 Polyandria .... 
 
 Coronaria? .... 
 
 Asphodeli. 
 
 Strawberry Tree . 
 
 10 
 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 
 
 Erica?. 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sun Flower .... 
 
 Sweet Briar .... 
 Sweet William . 
 
 19 
 
 12 
 10 
 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 Icosandria . . . 
 
 . Polygamia Frustranea 
 
 . Polygynia .... 
 Digynia 
 
 Composite Opposi- > 
 tifolia? . . . . J 
 Senticoss .... 
 
 Corymbiferse. 
 
 Rosaces. 
 Caryophyllese. 
 
 Syringa Carolina . . 
 Thistle 
 
 12 
 
 1 f t 
 
 Icosandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia . . . 
 . Polygamia -iEqualis 
 
 Hesperidea? .... 
 
 Myrti. 
 Cinarocephalas. 
 
 Thorn Apple 
 
 -, 
 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia . . . 
 
 
 Solaneae. 
 
 Thyme 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r, 
 
 
 Monogynia . . . 
 
 
 
 Tulip 
 
 fi 
 
 Hexandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia . . . 
 
 Coronariaj .... 
 
 Lilia. 
 
 Tulip Tree . . . 
 Venus' Looking Glass 
 Verbena 
 
 13 
 5 
 14 
 
 Polyandria . . . 
 Pentandria . . . 
 Didynamia . . . 
 
 . Polygynia . . . 
 . Monogynia . . . 
 . Gymnospermia . . 
 
 Coadunats .... 
 Campanacea? . . . 
 Personals .... 
 
 Magnolia?. 
 Campanulaceae. 
 Vitices et Verbenacese. 
 
 Violet 
 
 5 
 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia . . . 
 
 Campanaceas . . 
 
 Cisti et Violes. 
 
 Virgin's Bower . . . 
 Wall Flower . . . 
 
 13 
 
 IT 
 
 Polyandria . . . 
 Tetradynamia . . 
 
 . Polygynia . . . 
 
 Multisiliqux .... 
 
 Ranunculaces. 
 Crucifers. 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 . Diandria .... 
 
 
 
 Wheat 
 
 3 
 
 Triandria . . . 
 
 . Digynia 
 
 
 
 Woodbine .... 
 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 Pentandria . . . 
 
 . Monogynia .... 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 
 Aggregate . . . . 
 
 Caprifolia. 
 
 Zinnia 
 
 19 
 
 Syngenesia . . . 
 
 . Polygamia Superflua . 
 
 Composite Oppositi- V 
 
 C orymbifera. 
 
 
 
 
 
 folia? ....*') 
 
 
 * Linnsus makes it Icosandria modern botanists, Polyandria. 
 
 t Schrebe is preferred for the class and order of the Passion Flower. See Rees' Cyclopedia. Linnseus makes it 
 Gynandria. Pentandria. Modern botanists, Monadelphia. Pentandria, according to Cavanilles and Wildenow 
 
DEDICATION OF FLOWERS. 
 
 THE Roman Catholic Monks, or the observers of Roman Catholic rules, have compiled a catalogue of Flowers, 
 for each day in the year, and dedicated each flower to a particular Saint, on account of its flowering about the time of the 
 Saint's festival. Such appropriations form a Floral Directory, which has been abstracted from Hone's Every Day Book, 
 printed in London in the year 1826. 
 
 FLORAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 JANUARY. 
 
 1. Laurustinus, Viburnum tinus, St. Faine or Fanchea, 
 an Irish saint, of the sixth century. 
 
 2. Groundsel, Senecio vuJgaris, St. Macarius, of Alex- 
 andria, A. D. 394. 
 
 3. Iris, Persian, Iris persica, St. Genevieve, patroness 
 of Paris, A. D. 422. 
 
 4. Hazel, Corylus avellana, St. Titus, disciple of St. 
 Paul. 
 
 5. Hellebore, Helleborus faetidus, St. Simeon Stylites, 
 of Rome. 
 
 6. Moss, screw, Tortula rigida, St. Nilammon. 
 
 January the 6th, is called twelfth day, (by the French, 
 I*e jour des Rois,) because it falls on the twelfth day after 
 Christmas. There is a difference of opinion as to the origin 
 of Twelfth Day, yet all concur in the same end; that is, 
 to do honour to the Eastern Magi. Brand tells us, " that the 
 practice of choosing a king on twelfth .day, is similar to a 
 custom that existed among the ancient Greeks and Romans, 
 who on the festival days of Saturn, about this season of the 
 year, drew lots for kingdoms, and like kings, exercised their 
 temporary authority." Mr. Fosbroke affirms that " the king 
 of Saturnalia was elected by beans, and from thence came 
 our king and queen, on this day." In France the Twelfth- 
 cake is plain, with a bean; the drawer of the slice containing 
 the bean, is King or Queen. All drink to her, or his Ma- 
 jesty, who reigns, and receives homage from all during the 
 evening. 
 
 " They come ! they come ! each blue-eyed sport, 
 
 The twelfth-night king, and all his court 
 Tis mirth fresh crown'd with mistletoe; 
 
 Music, with her merry fiddles, 
 
 Joy, ' on light fantastic toe,' 
 Wit, with all his jests and riddles, 
 
 Singing and dancing as they go." 
 
 7. Laurel, Portugal, Prunus lusitanica, St. Kenti- 
 gerna. 
 
 8. Tremclla, yellow, Tremella deliquescens, St. Gudula. 
 Patroness of Brussels. 
 
 9. Laurel, common, Prunus lauro-cerasus, or common 
 small fruited cherry St. Marciana, of Rome. 
 
 10. Gorse, Vlex Europxus, St. William, of Bourges, 
 A. D. 1207. 
 
 11. Moss, early, Bryum hornum, Swan-neck thread- 
 moss. St. Theodosius. 
 
 12. Moss, hygrometic, Funaria hygrometica, St. Arca- 
 dius. 
 
 13. Yew Tree, common Taxus baccata, St. Veronica. 
 A nun of Milan, A. D. 1497. 
 
 14. Strawberry, barren, Fragaria sterilis, St. Hilary, 
 A. D. 368. 
 
 15. Ivy, Hedera helix, St. Paul the first Hermit. 
 
 16. Nettle, common red Dead, N. Lamium purpureum, 
 St. Marcellus. Pope. 
 
 17- Anemone, garden, Anemone hortensis, St. Anthony. 
 Patriarch of Monks, A. D. 251. 
 
 18. Moss, four-toothed, Bryum pellucidum, St. Prisca. 
 A Roman Martyr. 
 
 19. Nettle, white Dead, Lamium album, St. Martha. 
 A Roman Martyr, A. D. 270. 
 
 20. Nettle, woolly Dead, Lamium garganicum, St. 
 Fabian. Pope. 
 
 21. Hellebore, black, Helleborus niger, St. Agnes. A 
 special Patroness of purity. Beheaded at the age of 13, 
 A. D. 304. 
 
 22. Grass, early whitlow, Draba verna, St. Vincent. A 
 Spanish Martyr. 
 
 23. Peziza, Peziza acetabulum, St. Raymond, of Pen- 
 nafort, A. D. 1275. 
 
 24. Moss, stalkless, Phascum muticum, St. Timothy. 
 Disciple of St. Paul, A. D. 250. 
 
 25. Hellebore, winter, Helleborus hyemalis. The con- 
 version of St. Paul. 
 
 On this day, (25th Jan.) prognostications of the months 
 were drawn for the whole year. If fair, and clear, there was 
 to be plenty; if cloudy, or misty, much cattle would die; if 
 rain, or snow fell, then it presaged a death; and if windy, 
 there would be wars. 
 
 If Saint PauFs Day be fair and clear, 
 It does betide a happy year; 
 But if it chance to snow or rain, 
 Then will be dear all kinds of grain: 
 If clouds, or mists, do dark the sky, 
 Great store of birds and beasts shall die; 
 And if the winds do fly aloft, 
 Then wars shall vex the kingdoms oft. 
 
 Willsford's Nature's Secrets. 
 
 St. Paul's Day, is the first festival of an Apostle, in the 
 year. According to Dr. Foster, it is the festival of the con- 
 version of St. Paul. 
 
 26. Butter-bur, white, Tussilago alba, or Colt's foot. 
 St. Polycarp. 
 
 27. Moss, earth, Phascum cuspidatum, St. Chrysostum. 
 
 * 
 
28. Daisy, double, Bellls perennis plenus, St. Marga- 
 ret of Hungary, A. D. 1271. 
 
 29. Fern, flowering, Osmunda regalis, St. Francis of 
 Sales, A. D. 1622. 
 
 30. Spleen-wort, Jlsplenium trichomanes, St. Martina. 
 
 31. Hart's tongue, or spleen-wort, Jlsplenium scolopen- 
 drium, St. Marcella, A. D. 410. 
 
 FEBRUARY. 
 
 1. Moss, lesser water, Fontinalis minor, St. Ignatius. 
 
 And Bay tree, Laurus nobilis, to St. Bridget, Pa- 
 troness of Ireland. 
 
 2. Snow-drop, Galanthus nivalis, the purification of 
 the blessed Virgin Mary. 
 
 3. Moss, great water, Fontinalis antipyretica, St. 
 Blase, of Armenia, A. D. 316. 
 
 4. Moss, common hair, or Goldilocks, Polytrichum 
 commune, St. Jane, or Queen Joan, A. D. 1505. 
 
 Bay, Indian, Laurus Indica, St. Margaret, of England. 
 
 5. Primrose, common, Primula vulgaris, St. Agatha. A 
 Sicilian Martyr, A. D. 251. 
 
 Primrose, red, Primula acaulis, St. Adelaide, A. D. 
 1015. 
 
 6. Hyacinth, blue, Hyacinthus orientalis, St. Dorothy, 
 A. D. 308. 
 
 7- Cyclamen, round-leafed, Cyclamen coum, St. Romu- 
 ald, 1027. 
 
 8. Moss, narrow-leafed, spring, Mnium androgynum, 
 St. John, of Matha, 1213. 
 
 9. Narcissus, Roman, Narcissus Romanus, St. Apol- 
 lonia, A. D. 249. 
 
 10. Mezereon, Daphne J\Iezereon, St. Scholastics, 
 A. D. 543. 
 
 Moss, silky fork, Mnium heteromallum, St. Coteris, 
 4th Century. 
 
 11. Primrose, red, Primula verna^rubra, St. Theodora, 
 Empress, 367. 
 
 12. Anemone noble Liverwort, JLnemonc hepatica, 
 St. Eulalia, of Barcelona. 
 
 13. Polyanthos, Primula Polyanthos, St. Catharine 
 de Ricci, 1589. 
 
 14. Crocus, yellow, Crocus msesiacus, or C. aureus, 
 St. Valentine. St. Valentine, is the lover's saint. He was 
 Priest, of Rome, and married there, about the year A. D. 270. 
 
 The 14th of February, is the day on which those charm- 
 ing little missives, yclep'd Valentines, cross, and intercross 
 each other, at every street and turning. The weary, and all- 
 for-spent twopenny postman sinks beneath a load of delicate 
 embarrassments, not his own. 
 
 " Where can the postman be, I say? 
 He ought to fly on such a day! 
 Of all days in the year, you know, 
 Its monstrous rude to be so slow: 
 The fellow's so exceeding stupid 
 Hark there he is! oh the dear cupid." 
 
 15. Crocus, cloth of gold, Crocus sulphureus, St. Sigi- 
 frida, Bishop of Sweden, A. D. 1002. 
 
 16. Primrose, lilac, Primula acaulis plena, St. Juliana. 
 
 17- Crocus, Scotch, Crocus susianus, St. Flavian, Arch- 
 bishop of Constantinople, 449. 
 
 18. Speedwell, wall, Veronica vernus arvensis, St. Si- 
 meon, Bishop of Jerusalem, A. D. 116. 
 
 19. Speedwell, field, Veronica agrestis, St. Barbatus, 
 patron of Benevento, Bishop, A. D. 682. 
 
 20. Cynoglossum omphalodes, or C. lusitanicum, St. 
 Mildred, Abbess of Munster. 
 
 21. Crocus, white, Crocus albus, St. Servianus, Bishop, 
 A. D. 452. 
 
 22. Margaret, herb, Bellis perennis, St. Margaret, of 
 Cortona, 1297. 
 
 23. Apricot tree, Primus armeniaca, St. Milburge, of 
 England. 
 
 24. Fern, great, Osmunda regalis, St. Ethelbert, King 
 of Kent, England. 
 
 25. Peach blossom, Jlmigdalus persica, St. Walburg, 
 Abbess of Swabia, Germany. 
 
 26. Periwinkle, lesser, Vlnca minor, St. Victor, 
 7th Century. 
 
 27. Lungwort, Pulmonaria officinalis, St. Leander, 
 Bishop, 596. 
 
 28. Crocus, purple, Crocus vernus, St. Proterius, Patri- 
 arch of Alexandria, A. D. 557. 
 
 MARCH. 
 
 1. Leek, common, Jllliumporrum, St. David, of Wales, 
 Archbishop, A. D. 544. 
 
 Wearing the Leek, was customary in the time of Shaks- 
 peare. It is noticed in his K. H. V. 
 
 The Welshman, Fluellen, wears his leek in the battle 
 of Agincourt. 
 
 2. Chickweed, dwarf mouse-ear, Cerastium pumilum, 
 St. Chad, or Ceada, Martyr under the Lombards, in the 6th 
 century. 
 
 3. Marigold, golden-fig, Mesembryanthemum aureum, 
 St. Cunegundes, Empress, A. D. 1640. 
 
 4. Chickweed, common, Jllsine media, St. Casimir, 
 Prince of Poland, A. D. 1458. 
 
 5. Hellebore, green, Helleborus viridis, St. Adrian, 
 A. D. 309. 
 
 6. Lily, lent, Pseudo-narcissus multiplex, St. Colette, 
 Bishop. 
 
 7. Daffodil, early, Narcissus simplex, St. Perpetua. 
 She was martyred, under the Emperor Severus, A. D. 203. 
 
 8. Rose, ever bio wing, Rosa semperjlorens, St. Rosa, of 
 Viterbo, A. D. 1261. 
 
 Jonquil, great, Narcissus lostus, St. Felix, A. D. 646. 
 
 9. Daffodil, hoop-petticoat, Narcissus bulbocodium, 
 St. Catharine of Bologna, A. D. 1463. 
 
 10. Chickweed, upright, Veronica triphyllos, St. Droc- 
 tavoeus, Abbot, A. D. 580. 
 
 11. Heath, cornish, Erica vagans, St.Eulogius, of Cor- 
 dova, A. D. 851. 
 
 12. Ixia, or crocus leaved Mistletoe, Ixia bulbocodium, 
 or Viscum albus bulbus: St. Gregory, the Great, Prartor 
 of Rome, A. D. 574. 
 
13. Heart's Ease, Viola tricolor, St. Euphrasia, A. D. 
 410. 
 
 14. Bindweed, mountain, Soldanella alpina, St. Maud, 
 or Matilda, Queen, A. D. 968. 
 
 15. Colt's-foot, common, TussUago farfara, St. Zache- 
 ry, Pope, A. D. 752. 
 
 16. Daffodil, nodding, Narcissus nutans, St. Julian, of 
 Cilicia. 
 
 17. Violet, sweet, Viola odorata, St. Gertrude, Abbess, 
 A. D. 626. 
 
 17. Shamrock, White Trefoil, or Dutch clover, Tr\fo- 
 lium repens, St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland. 
 
 18. Leopard's bane, great, Doronicum pardalianches 
 St. Cyrill, Archbishop of Jerusalem, A. D. 386. 
 
 19. Star of Bethlehem, yellow, Ornithogalum luteum, 
 St. Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary. 
 
 20. Violet, dog's, Viola comma, St. Wulfran, Arch- 
 bishop of Sens, A. D. 720. 
 
 21. Fumitory, bulbous, Fumaria bulbosa, St. Bennet, 
 or Benedict, Abbot, Founder of the order of St. Benedict, 
 of Rome, A. D. 543. 
 
 22. Ficaria verna, St. Catharine of Sweden, Abbess, 
 A. D. 1381. 
 
 23. Daffodil, peerless, Narcissus incomparabUis, St. 
 Alphonsus Turibius, Archbishop of Lima, A. D. 1606. 
 
 24. Saxifrage, golden, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, 
 St. Irenajus, Bishop of Sirmium, A. D. 304. 
 
 25. Marigold, Calendula qfficinalis, Annunciation of 
 the B. V. Mary. 
 
 26. Henbane, night-shade leaved, Hyoscyamus scopalia, 
 St. Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa, A. D. 646. 
 
 27- Jonquil, sweet, Narcissus odorus, St. John, of 
 Egypt, Hermit, A. D. 394. 
 
 28. Leopard's bane, Doronicum Plantagineum, St. 
 Priscus, A. D. 260. 
 
 29. Ox-lip, or great cowslip, Primula elatior, St. Eua- 
 tatius, Abbot, A. D. 625. 
 
 Fumitory, Fumaria officinalis, St. Jonas, A. D. 327- 
 
 30. Water-cress, Cardamine hirsuta, St. John, of Cli- 
 macus. 
 
 Daffodil, lesser, Narcissus minor, St. Zoziraus, Bishop 
 of Syracuse, A. D. 660. 
 
 31. Benjamin tree, Lauras benzoin, St. Benjamin, Dea- 
 con, Martyr, A. D 424. 
 
 APRIL 1. ALL FOOLS' DAY. 
 
 The Romans consecrated the first day of April to Venus, 
 the goddess of beauty, queen of laughter, etc. It is customa- 
 ry on this day, to practise jocular deceptions, as various, as 
 the fancies of the gay youngsters, who delight in playing off 
 the humours of the day, upon all ages and ranks, that come 
 their way. 
 
 1. Mercury, French annual, Mercwialis annua, St. 
 Hugh, Bishop, A. D. 1132. 
 
 2. Violet, white, Viola alba, St. Francis, of Paula, A Ca- 
 labrian. 
 
 3. Alkanet, evergreen, Jinchusa sempervirens, St. 
 Agape, A. D. 304. 
 
 4. Crown Imperial, Red Fritillaria imperialis, St. Isi- 
 dore, Bishop of Seville, 636. 
 
 5. Crown Imperial, Fritillaria imperialis lutea, St. 
 Vincent Ferrer, A. D. 1419. 
 
 6. Hyacinth, starch, Hyacinthus racemosus, St. Sixtus 
 I. Pope, A. D. 2. 
 
 7- Anemone, wood, Anemone nemorosa, St. Aphraa- 
 tes, 4th Century. 
 
 8. Ivy, ground, Glechoma hederacea, St. Dionysius, 
 Bishop of Corinth, A. D. 2. 
 
 9. Polyanthos, red, Primula, St. Mary, of Egypt, A. D. 
 421. 
 
 10. Violet, pale, Viola tonbrigens, St. Mechtildes, Ab- 
 bessafter 1300. 
 
 11. Dandelion, Leontodon taraxacum, St. Leo, the 
 Great, Pope, A. D. 461. 
 
 12. Saxifrage, great thick-leaved, Saxifragum crassifo- 
 lium St. Zeno, Bishop, 380. 
 
 13. Narcissus, green, Narcissus mridiflorus, St. Her- 
 menigild, Martyr, 586. 
 
 14. Borage, common, Borago officinalis, St. Lidwina, 
 A. D. 1184. 
 
 15. Stitch-wort, greater, Stellaria holostea, St. Peter 
 Gonzales, 1246. 
 
 16. Tulip, yellow, Tulipa sylvestris, St. Joachim, of 
 Sienna, A. D. 1305. 
 
 17. Arum, Friar's-cowl, broad-leaved, Jirum arisarum, 
 St. Stephen, of Citeaux, Abbot, A. D. 1134. 
 
 18. Narcissus, musk, Narcissus Moschato, St. Apollo- 
 nius, A. D. 186. 
 
 19. Garlic, Jlllium ursinum, St. Leo IX. Pope, A. D. 
 1054. 
 
 20. Snow-flake, spring, Leucoium vernum, St. Agnes, 
 of Monte Pulciano, A. D. 1317. 
 
 21. Narcissus, cypress, Narcissus orientalis albus, St. 
 Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 22. Crow-foot, wood, or goldilocks, Ranunculus auri 
 comus, St. Rufus, of Glendaloch. 
 
 23. Harebell, Hyacinthus non scriptus, St. George, the 
 Martyr, Patron of England. 
 
 24. Black thorn, Prunus spinosa, St. Fidelia. 
 
 25. Tulip, clarimond, Tulipa prxcox, St. Mark, the 
 Evangelist. 
 
 26. Erysimum, yellow, Erysimum barbarea, St. Richa- 
 rius, Abbot, A. D. 645. 
 
 27. Daffodil, great, Narcissus major, St. Anastasius, 
 Pope, 401. 
 
 28. Arum, spotted, Jlrum maculatum, Sts. Didymus 
 and Theodora, A. D. 304. 
 
 29. Herb Robert, Geranium robertianum, St. Robert, 
 Abbot of Molesme, A. D. 1110. 
 
 30. Cowslip, Primula veris, St. Catharine, of Sienna, 
 A. D. 1380. 
 
 MAY 1. 
 
 " May day is chiefly spent in dancing round a tall pole, 
 which is consecrated to the Goddess of Flowers without 
 the least violation to be offered to it, in the whole circle of 
 the year." 
 
The May-pole is up, 
 
 Now give me the cup, 
 I'll drink to the garlands around itj 
 
 But first, unto those 
 
 Whose hands did compose . 
 The glory of flowers that crown'd it. 
 
 Herrick. 
 
 1. Tulip, Gesner, Tulipa Gemerina, St. Philip, sup- 
 posed to have been the first of Christ's Apostles. 
 
 Bachelor's Button, Lychnis dioica, St. James the just, 
 and the less. Apostle. Martyred in the tumult in the temple. 
 
 2. Charlock, (a Leek,) Rhaphanus raphanistrum, or 
 sinapis arvenus, St. Athanasius, Patriarch of Alexandria, 
 A. D. 373. 
 
 3. Narcissus, poetic, Narcissus poeticus, the discovery 
 of the cross, A. D. 326. 
 
 4. Gilly flower, stock, Cheiranthus incanus, St. Moni- 
 cla, mother of St. Augustine. 
 
 5. Apple-tree, Pyrus mains, Sts. Angelus, and Pius V. 
 Pope, A. D. 1572. 
 
 6. Globe flower, bright yellow, Trollius Europteus, St. 
 John Damascen, A. D. 780. 
 
 7. Globe flower Asiatic, bright orange, Trollius Jlsiati- 
 cus, St. John, of Beverly, England. 
 
 8. Lily of the Valley, Convalaria majalis, St. Selena. 
 
 9. Lily of the Valley, Convalaria multiflora, St. Gre- 
 gory, of Nazianzen, A. D. 389 or 391. 
 
 10. Peony, slender-leafed, Pxonia tenuifolia, St. Corn- 
 gal, Irish Abbot, A. D. 601. 
 
 11. Asphodel, Lancashire, Jlsphodelus luteus, St. Mam- 
 mertus, Archbishop of Vienna, A. D. 477- 
 
 12. Iris, German, Iris Germanica, St. Germanus, Patri- 
 arch of Constantinople, A. D. 733. 
 
 13. Comfrey, common, Symphytum officinalis, St. 
 John, the silent, Bishop, A. D. 558. 
 
 14. Peony, common, Pxonia ojfficinalis, and Peony, co- 
 ralline, P. corollina, St. Pontius, A. D. 258. 
 
 15. Poppy, Welsh, Papaver cambricum, St. Dympna, 
 7th Century. 
 
 16. Star of Bethlehem, great, Ornithogalum umbella- 
 tum, St. John Nepomucen, A. D. 1383. 
 
 17. Poppy, early red, long rough-headed P. Papaver ar- 
 gemone, St. Paschal, Babylon, A. D. 1592. 
 
 18. Mouse ear, or Hawk-weed, Hieracium pUosetta, 
 St. Eric, King of Sweden, 1151. 
 
 19. Monk's hoof, Jlconitum napellus, St. Dunstan, 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, A. D. 988. 
 
 20. Horse-chesnut, JEschylus hippocastanum, St. Ber- 
 nardine of Sienna, A. D. 1444. 
 
 21. Ragged Robin, Lychnis Jlos cuculi, St. Felix, of 
 Cantalicio, 1587. 
 
 22. Star of Bethlehem, yellow, Tragopogon pratensis, 
 St. Yvo, 1303. 
 
 23. Lilac, Syringa vulgaris, St. Julia, 5th Century. 
 
 24. Poppy, monkey, Papaver orientals, St. Vincent, 
 of Lerins, 450. 
 
 25. Herb Bennet, common, Gcum urbanum, St. Urban, 
 Pope, A. D. 223. 
 
 26. Rhododendron, purple, Rhododendron ponticum, 
 St. Augustine, Archbishop of Canterbury, 604. 
 
 Azalea, yellow, Jlzalea pontica, St. Philip Neri, A. D. 
 1595. 
 
 27. Butter-cup, Ranunculus acris, St. John, Pope, 
 A. D. 526. 
 
 Bachelor's Button, yellow, Ranunculus acris plenus, 
 St. Bede, 735. 
 
 28. Iris, lurid, Iris lurida, St. Germain, Bishop of Paris, 
 576. 
 
 29. Blue Bottle, Centaurea montana, St. Cyril, about 
 275. 
 
 30. Spear-wort, lesser, Ranunculus Jlammula, St. Fer- 
 dinand III. Confessor, King of Castile and Leon, A. D. 1252. 
 
 31. Lily, yellow Turk's cap, Lilium pomponium, St. 
 Petronilla, century 1st. 
 
 JUNE. 
 
 1. Rose, yellow, Rosa lutea, St. Justin, Martyr, A. D. 
 167. 
 
 2. Pimpernel, common scarlet, Jlnagallis arvensis, St.. 
 Erasmus, 303. 
 
 3. Rose de meaux, Rosa provincialis, St. Cecilius, 
 A. D. 211. 
 
 4. Pink, Indian, Dianthus chinensis, St. Quirinus, 
 Bishop, A. D. 304. 
 
 5. Rose, three-leafed China, Rosa sinica, St. Boniface, 
 First Missionary from England to Friesland. Afterwards 
 Archbishop of Mentz, and Primate of Germany and Belgium, 
 century 8th. 
 
 6. Pink, common, Dianthus deltoides, St. Norbert, 
 A. D. 1134. 
 
 7. Centaury, red, Chironia centaureum, St. Paul, Bish- 
 op of Constantinople, A. D. 350. 
 
 8. Money-wort, Herb Two pence, or creeping Loose- 
 strife, Lysimachia numularia, St. Medard, Bishop, 6th 
 Century. 
 
 9. Barberry, Pipperidge bush of England, Berberis vul- 
 garis, St. Columba, A. D. 597. 
 
 10. Iris, bright yellow, Iris pseudo-acorus, St. Marga- 
 ret, Queen of Scotland, A. D. 1093. 
 
 11. Daisy, midsummer, Chrysanthemum leucanthe- 
 mum, St. Barnabas, Apostle, century 1st. 
 
 12. Rose, white dog, -Rosa arvensis, St. John, Hermit, 
 A. D. 1479. 
 
 13. Ranunculus, garden, Ranunculus Asiaticus, St. 
 Anthony of Padua, 1231. 
 
 14. Basil, sweet, Ocimum basilicum, St. Basil, Arch- 
 bishop, 379. 
 
 15. Sensitive plant, Mimosa sensitiva, St. Vitus, Mar- 
 tyr, 4th Century. 
 
 16. Rose, Moss province, Rosa muscosa, St. Julitta, 
 Martyr, 304. 
 
 17- Monkey flower, yellow, Mimulus luteus, St. Ni- 
 cander, about A. D. 303. 
 
 18. Poppy, horned, Chelidonium glaucium, St. Marina, 
 Sth Century. 
 
 19. La Julienne de nuit, Hesperis tristis, St. Juliana 
 Falconieri, 1340. 
 
 20. Poppy, doubtful, Papaver dubium, St. Silverius, 
 Pope, A. D. 538. 
 
21. Bugloss, Viper's, Echium vulgare, St. Aloysius, 
 A. D. 1591. 
 
 22. Canterbury Bell, Campanula medium, St. Paulinus, 
 Bishop of Nola, A. D. 431. 
 
 23. Ladies' slipper, Cypripedium calceolus, St. Ethel- 
 dreda, 679. 
 
 24. St. John's wort, Hypericum pulchrum, the nativity 
 of St. John the Baptist. 
 
 25. Sweet William, Dianthus barbatus, St. William, 
 of Monte Vergine, A. D. 1142. 
 
 26. Sow-thistle, Alpine hairy blue, Sonchus cxruleus, 
 St. Reingarda, Widow, 1135. 
 
 27. St. John's wort, perforated, Hypericum perforatum, 
 St. John, of Montier, 6th Century. 
 
 28. Corn-flower, blue, Centaurea cyanus, St. Irensus, 
 Bishop of Lyons, A. D. 202. 
 
 29. Rattle, yellow, lUdnanthus crista-galli, St. Peter, 
 the Apostle. 
 
 30. Cistus, yellow, Cistus helianthemum, St. Paul, the 
 Apostle, Martyr. 
 
 JULY. 
 
 1. Agrimony, Jigrimonia Eupatoria, St. Aaron. 
 
 2. Lily, white, LUium candidum, the Virgin Mary. 
 
 3. Mallow, common, Malva sylvestris, St. Phocas, a 
 Gardener, A. D. 303. 
 
 4. Lily, tawny Day, of China, Hemerocallis fulva, St. 
 Ulric, Bishop of Augsburg. 
 
 5. Rose, double yellow, Rosa sulphurea, St. Edana, of 
 Elphim and Tuam. 
 
 6. Hawk-weed, or purple-eyed succory, Crepis barbata, 
 St. Julian, Anchorite, 4th Century. 
 
 7. Nasturtium, Tropxolum majus, St. Felix, Bishop 
 of Nantes, 584. 
 
 8. Primrose, evening, JEnothera biennis, St. Elizabeth, 
 Queen of Portugal, A. D. 1336. 
 
 9. Sow-thistle, Tall marsh, Sonchus palust ris, St. Ever- 
 ildis. 
 
 10. Snapdragon, speckled, Antirrhinum triphyllum, 
 Sts. Rufuia and Secunda, 257- 
 
 11. Lupine, yellow, Lupinus Jlsevus, St. James, Bishop 
 of Nisibis, 350. 
 
 12. Snapdragon, great, Antirrhinum purpureum, St. 
 John Gualbert, Abbot, 1073. 
 
 13. Lupine, blue, Lupinus hirsutus, St. Eugenius, 
 Bishop, A. D. 505. 
 
 14. Lupine, red, Lupinus perennis, St. Bonaventure, 
 Cardinal, Bishop, A. D. 1274. 
 
 15. Marigold, small cape, purple and white, Calendula 
 pluvialis, St. Swithin, Bishop, A. D. 862. 
 
 " If it rains on St. Swithin's Day, there will be rain the 
 next forty days afterwards." 
 
 In this month is St. Swithin's day, 
 On which, if it rain, they say 
 Full forty days after it will 
 Or more, or less, some rain distill. 
 
 Poor Robin's Almanac for the year 1697. 
 
 St. Swithin's day, if thou dost rain, 
 For forty days it will remain: 
 
 St. Swithin's day, if thou be fair, 
 For forty days 'twill rain na mair. 
 
 Hone's E. D. B. 
 
 16. Convolvulus, Convolvulus purpureus, St. Eusta- 
 thius, Patriarch of Antioch, A. D. 338. 
 
 17. Pea, sweet, Lathyrus odoratus, St. Marcellina, 
 A. D. 397. 
 
 18. Marigold, autumn, Chrysanthemum coronarium, 
 St. Bruno, Bishop of Segni, A. D. 1125. 
 
 19. Hawk-weed, golden, Hieracium auranticum, St. 
 Vincent, of Paul, 1660. 
 
 The corolla of this flower, a rich orange hue, contrasted 
 with the black hairy calyx, which gave rise to the popular 
 name of Grim the cottier. 
 
 20. Dragon's head, Virginian, Dracocephalus Virginia- 
 num, St. Margaret, of Antioch. 
 
 21. Lily, Philadelphian, LUium Philadelphicum, St. 
 Praxedes. 
 
 22. Lily, African, Jlgapanthus umbellatus, St. Mary 
 Magdalen. 
 
 23. Musk flower, Scabious atro purpurea, St. Apolli- 
 naris, Bishop of Ravena. 
 
 24. Lupine tree, Lupinus arboreus, St. Lupus, Bishop, 
 A. D. 478. 
 
 25. Herb Christopher, pure white, Acts&a spicata, St. 
 Christopher. 
 
 26. Chamomile, field, or corn Fever-few, Matricaria 
 chamomilla, St. Ann, Mother of the Virgin Mary. 
 
 27. Loose strife, purple Lythrum, Lythrum salicaria, 
 St. Pantaleon, A. D. 303. 
 
 28. Groundsel, mountain, Senecio montanus, St. Inno- 
 cent I. Pope, 417- 
 
 29. Chironia, red, Chironia centaurium, St. Martha, V. 
 
 30. Mullein, white, Verbascum lychnitis, St. Julitta, 
 A. D. 303. 
 
 31. Mullein, yellow, primrose-leafed, Verbascum virga- 
 tum, St. Ignatius, of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, A. D. 
 1556. 
 
 AUGUST. 
 
 The Romish church, professing to possess one of St. 
 Peter's chains, wherewith he was bound, and from which the 
 Angel delivered him, indulges its votaries with a festival in its 
 honour, on the first day of this month, or the Feast of St. 
 Peter's chains. 
 
 1. Stramony, or Thorn Apple, Datura stramonium, St. 
 Peter ad Vincula. 
 
 2. Lily, tiger, IMium tigrum, St. Alfrida, A. D. 834. 
 
 3. Hollyhock, Jllthea rosea, the discovery of St. Ste- 
 phen's relics, 415. 
 
 4. Blue Bells, Campanula rotundifolia, St. Dominic, 
 Confessor, Founder of the Friar Preachers, A. D. 1221. 
 
 5. Lily, Egyptian, water, Nelumbo nilotica, St. Mary 
 ad Nives. 
 
 6. Saffron, meadow, Colchicum autumnalis, the trans- 
 figuration of our Lord, on Mount Tabor. 
 
 7. Amaranth, common, Jlmaranthus hypochondriacus, 
 St. Cajetan, 1547- 
 
8. Love lies-a-bleeding, Amaranthus procumbens, St. 
 Hormisdas. 
 
 9. Rag-wort, yellow Jacobean, Senecio jacobea, St. Ro- 
 manus. 
 
 10. Balsam, Impatiens balsamea, St. Lawrence, Roman 
 Martyr, 258. 
 
 11. China Aster, Aster Chinensis, St. Susanna, 3rd Cent. 
 
 12. Sow-Thistle, great corn, Sonchus avensis, St. 
 Clare, Abbess, A. D. 1253. 
 
 13. Groundsel, marsh, Great Fen Rag-wort, or Bird's 
 Tongue, Senecio paludosus, St. Radigundes. 
 
 14. Zinnia, elegant, Zinnia elegans, St. Eusebius, 
 Priest, 3rd Century. 
 
 15. Virgin's Bower, white, Clematis vitalba, the As- 
 sumption of the B. V. Mary, or the miraculous ascent of her 
 body into heaven. 
 
 16. Lily, belladonna, Amaryllis belladonna, St. Hya- 
 cinth, A. D. 1257- 
 
 17. Snapdragon, Toad-flax, Antirrhinum linaria, St. 
 Manns, A. D. 275. 
 
 18. Marigold, African, Tagetes erecta, St. Helen, Em- 
 press, A. D. 382. 
 
 19. Timothy, branched-cat's tail grass, Phleum panni- 
 culatum, or Ph. asperum, St. Timothy, A. D. 304. 
 
 20. Dandelion, Leontodon serotinus, St. Bernard, Ab- 
 bot, A. D. 1153. 
 
 21. Marigold, French, Tagetus patula, St. Jane Fran- 
 cis, de Chantal, A. D. 1641. 
 
 22. Timothy, common cat's tail grass, Phleum pra- 
 tense, St. Timothy, A. D. 311. 
 
 23. Tansy, common, Tanacetum vulgare, St. Philip 
 Beniti, A. D. 1285. 
 
 24. Sun-flower, tall, Helianthus annuus, St. Bartholo- 
 mew, Apostle. 
 
 25. Sun-flower, perennial, Helianthus multiflorus, St. 
 Louis, King of France, A. D. 1270. 
 
 26. Amaryllis, banded, Amaryllis vittata, St. Zephyri- 
 nus, Pope, A. D. 219. 
 
 27. Hawk's-weed hedge, Hieracium umbellatum, St. 
 Caesarius, Archbishop of Aries, A. D. 542. 
 
 28. Golden-rod, Solidago, virga aurea, St. Augustine, 
 Bishop, and Doctor of the Church, A. D. 430. 
 
 29. Hollyhock, yellow, Jllthea flava, St. Sabina, King, 
 about 697. 
 
 30. Lily, Guernsey, Amaryllis sarniensis, St. Rose, of 
 Lima, V. 1617. 
 
 31. Pheasant's eye, Adonis autumnalis, St. Raymund 
 Nonnatus, 1240. 
 
 SEPTEMBER. 
 
 1. Orpine, or Live-long, great, Sedum telephium, St. 
 Giles, Patron of Beggars and Cripples. Born at Athens. 
 Made Abbot of the Abbey at Nismes, in France. Died 
 A. D. 750. 
 
 2. Golden-rod, Solidago, St. Margaret, B., 13th Cent. 
 
 3. Flea-bane, common yellow, Inula dysenterica, St 
 Simeon Stylitcs, the younger, A. D. 592. 
 
 4. Soap-wort, pale pink, Saponaria officinalis, St. Ro- 
 salia, A. D. 1160. 
 
 5. Mushroom, or champignon, Agaricus campestris, St 
 Laurence Justinian, First Patriarch of Venice, A. D. 1455. 
 
 6. Dandelion, Leontodon autumnalis, St. Pambo, of 
 Nitria, A. D. 385. 
 
 7. Star-wort, golden, Aster solidaginoides, St. Cloud, 
 A. D. 560. 
 
 8. Star-wort, Italian, blue, Aster amellus, St. Adrian, 
 A. D. 306. 
 
 On this day (September 8th) The Nativity of the B. V 
 Mary is celebrated. 
 
 9. Golden-rod, Canadian, Solidago Canadensis, St 
 Omer, A. D. 607. 
 
 10. Crocus, autumnal, Crocus autumnalis, St. Pulche- 
 ria, Empress, A. D. 453. 
 
 11. Meadow saffron, variegated, Colchicum variegatum, 
 St. Hyacinthus, A. D. 257. 
 
 12. Passion-flower, Passiflora peltata, St. Eanswide, 
 Abbess, 7th Century. 
 
 13. Crocus, Crocus sativus, St. Eulogius, Patriarch of 
 Alexandria, 608. 
 
 14. Passion-flower, Passiflora cserulea, the exaltation 
 of the Holy Cross, 629. 
 
 15. Saffron, Byzantine, Colchicum Byzanticum, St. 
 Nicetas, 4th Century. 
 
 16. Star-wort, sea, blue, Aster tripolium, St. Editha, 
 A. D. 984. 
 
 17- Mallow, narrow-leaved, Malva angustiflora, St. 
 Lambert, Bishop, A. D. 709. 
 
 18. Star-wort, pendulous, Aster pendulus, St. Thomas, 
 Archbishop of Valentia, 1555. 
 
 19. Scabious, Devil's bit, Scabiosa succisa, St. Lucy, 
 A. D. 1090. 
 
 20. Meadow saffron, common, Colchicum autumnali, 
 St. Eustachius. 
 
 21. Passion-flower, fringed-leaved, variegated, Passi- 
 flora ciliata, St. Mathew, Apostle and Evangelist. 
 
 22. Boletus, tree, Boletus arboreus, St. Maurice, 4th 
 Century. 
 
 23. Star-wort, white, bushy, Aster dumosus, St. Thecla, 
 1st Century. 
 
 24. Fungus, Agaricus Jlmetarius, St. Gerard, Bishop of 
 Chonad, 1046. 
 
 25. Boletus, great, order Fungi, Boletus bovinus, St. 
 Ceolfrid, Abbot, 716. 
 
 26. Golden-rod, great, Solidago gigantea, St. Justina, 
 A. D. 304. 
 
 27. Star-wort, white and small-leaved, N. American, 
 Aster multiflorus, St. Delphina, A. D. 1323. 
 
 28. Golden-rod, evergreen, Solidago sempervirens, St. 
 Eustochium, Vicar, A. D. 419. 
 
 29. Michaelmas Daisy, Aster tradescanti, St. Michael, 
 and all Angels. The dedication of St. Michael's church. 
 
 30. Amaryllis, golden, Amaryllis aurea, St. Jerome, 
 Priest, Doctor of the church, A. D. 420. 
 
 OCTOBER. 
 
 1. Amaryllis, lowly, Amaryllis humilis, St. Remigius, 
 Bishop of Rheims, A. D. 533. 
 
With bays, and rosemary, 
 
 And laurel complete; 
 And every one now 
 
 Is a king in conceit. 
 
 From " Poor Robin's Almanac, for 1695." 
 
 26. Heath, purple, Erica purpurea, St. Stephen, the 
 first Martyr. 
 
 27. Heath, flame, Erica flammea, St. John, the Apostle 
 and Evangelist. 
 
 28. Heath, bloody-flowered, Erica cruenta, the Holy 
 Innocents who suffered from Herod's cruelty. 
 
 29. Heath, Erica genistopha, St. Thomas, Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, 1170. 
 
 30. Ponthieva, glandular, Ponthieva glandvlosa, St. 
 Anysia, A. D. 304. 
 
 There is no flower appropriated to the 31st December. 
 
 " If New Year's eve night-winds blow South, 
 
 It betokens warmth and growth; 
 
 If West, much milk, and fish in the sea; 
 
 If North, much cold, and storms there will be; 
 
 If East, the trees will bear much fruit; 
 
 If North-east, flee it man and brute." 
 
 And the next to this is New-Year's day, 
 
 Whereon to every frende, 
 They costly presents in do bring, 
 
 And New-Year's gifts do sende. 
 These gifts the husband gives his wife, 
 
 And father eke the childe, 
 And master on his men bestowes 
 
 The like, with favour milde. 
 
 From the Latin of Thos. Naogeorgus, 
 
 toritten in 1553. Translated by Barnarbe Googe. 
 
DEFINITION OF THE SPECIFIC NAMES OF THE FLOWERS USED IN FLORA'S DICTIONARY. 
 
 dtries, L. Ainsworth defines it 1. A Fir tree 2. A ship 
 3. A plant. The Pinus abies being much used in the 
 construction of ships, etc. 
 
 /2crts, L. Sharp, sour. 
 
 Jllba, Jllbus, L. White, hoary, pale, wan. 
 
 Jlnnuus, L. Annual, yearly; living but one year 
 
 Jlrgentifolium, L. Silver-leaved. 
 
 Atro-purpurea, of a dark purple colour. 
 
 Jlutumnale, L. Of Autumn. 
 
 Jlurantium, L. Orange coloured. 
 
 Jlzedarach, from Jlzed, an Arabian word, signifying large. 
 
 Babylonica, of Babylon. 
 
 Balsamea, L. Balmy. 
 
 Barbatus, L. Bearded. 
 
 Bella donna. Because the ladies make a cosmetic of the 
 juice, or distilled water. Some derive the name from 
 the intoxicating quality of the plant Jltropa bella 
 donna. 
 
 Bicolor, L. Of two colours, parti-coloured. 
 
 Campanula, see note on Venus' Looking glass. 
 
 Canadensis, L. Of Canada. 
 
 Candldum, L. See note on white Lily. 
 
 Capitatum, L. From caput, a head. 
 
 Cxrulea, L. Azure, blue. 
 
 Csesius, L. Grey coloured. 
 
 Caryophyllus, L. For a clove see note on Pink. 
 
 Caudatus, L. Tailed, that hath a tail. 
 
 Centifolia, L. Hundred-leaved. 
 
 Chalcedonica, see note on scarlet Lychnis. 
 
 Cheiranthus, see note on Wall Flower. 
 
 Chinensis, L. Of China. 
 
 Coronarius, L. That belongs to, or serves to make garlands. 
 
 Cotinus, see note on Sumach. 
 
 Cristata, L. Crested, tufted. 
 
 Crystallinum, L. A crystal glass; like it in clearness. 
 
 Cuculi, L. From cuculio, a kind of hood, to keep off rain. 
 
 Damascena, probably from the name of the country of Da- 
 mascene, around Damascus. 
 
 Dioica, see note on Bachelor's Button. 
 
 Dulcis, L. Sweet. 
 
 Florida, Floridus, L. Flowery, adorned with flowers. 
 
 Formosissima, L. Beautiful, handsome. 
 
 Glauca, glaucus, L. Grey or blue, sea-green, pale bluish- 
 green. 
 
 Globosa, L. Globular. 
 
 Graveolens, L. Of a bad odour; that hath a strong smell. 
 
 Hispida, L. Hairy, bristly. 
 
 Hortensis, L. Pertaining to, or growing in gardens. 
 
 Incanus, see note on Gilly Flower. 
 
 Indica, Jndicum, L. Of India. 
 
 Inermis, L. Thornless; unarmed, without arms. 
 
 Inodorus, L. Without scent. 
 
 Inquinans, L. Defiling, blemishing 
 
 Laburnum, see note. 
 
 Latifolia, L. Broad-leaved. 
 
 Lnitea, L. Pale yellow, like the yolk of an egg. 
 
 JWaculatum, L. Spotted. 
 
 Jllajor, L. Greater, bigger. 
 
 JUatronalis, L. Modest, pertaining to Matrons. 
 
 Medium, L. Middle sized, moderate sized. 
 
 Millefolium, L. A thousand-leaved. 
 
 Minor, L. Less, smaller. 
 
 Multijlora, L. Many-leaved. 
 
 Muschato, L. Musky. 
 
 Muscosa, L. Mossy, or full of moss. 
 
 Nivalis, L. Snowy. 
 
 JVtger, nigrum, L. Black. 
 
 NobUis, L. Known, or well known. 
 
 Odorata, Odoratissimum, L. Sweet scented. 
 
 Offlcinale, officinalis, L. Kept for sale as medicinal. 
 
 Opulus, L. Ainsworth defines it " A tree which the French 
 
 call opier some a Witch-hazel." 
 Paroifolia, small-leaved. 
 
 Peltatum, L. Having the shape of a target, or shield. 
 Persica, persicus, of, or belonging to Persia. A Peach tree. 
 Pomifragrans, L. Apple-scented. 
 
 Pratense, L. From pratensis, of, or belonging to a meadow. 
 Pseudo, L. Counterfeit, false. 
 Pumila, L. A Dwarf. 
 
 Punica, L. Scarlet colour, the Tyrian or Carthaginian dye. 
 Quercifolium, L. Oak-leaved. 
 Quotidiana, L. Daily, every day. 
 Rigida, L. Rigid, hard. 
 Rosea, L. Like a rose. 
 Rosxfolius, L. Rose-leaved. 
 Rubeus, L. Red, ruddy. 
 Rubiginosa, see note on Eglantine. 
 Rubor-virginea, L. Rubor, red ; Virginia, Virgin like. 
 Rubrifolia, L. Of a red colour. 
 Sempcrvirens, L. Always flourishing, always green. 
 Somniferurn, L. Causing sleep. 
 Speculum, see note on Venus' Looking glass. 
 Stramonium, L. Probably from stramcn, a spreading 
 Suaveolens, L. Sweet scented. 
 Syriacus, L. Syrian. 
 Taraxacum, see note on Dandelion. 
 Tinctoria, L. Of or belonging to Dyers. 
 Tradescanti, see note on American Star-wort. 
 Tricolor, Fr. Three coloured. 
 Trionum, see note on Hibiscus. 
 Tuberosa, see note on Tuberose. 
 
 Tulipifcra, L. Tulip bearing, bearing flowers of a tulip form. 
 Unica, L. Unique, singular, notable, excellent. 
 Variegatva, L. Variegated. 
 
 Vernalis, L. From Vernus, of, or belonging to the spring. 
 Veris, L. Real, true. 
 Versicolor, L. Of sundry colours. 
 Virginica, L. Of Virginia. 
 Vinifera, L. Vine bearing. 
 Vulgaris, L. Ordinary, common, much used. 
 
Absence, 
 
 Activity, 
 
 Affection beyond the grave, 
 
 A heart that is ignorant of) 
 love, <[ 
 
 Ambassador of Love, . . . 
 
 Ambition, 
 
 Ambition, Female, . . . 
 
 Amability, ...... 
 
 Am I forgotten? . . . . 
 
 An appointed meeting, . . 
 
 An expected meeting, . , 
 
 Anger, a frown, . . . . , 
 
 Anxious and trembling, . . 
 
 Aspiring, ....... 
 
 Avarice, 
 
 Aversion, 
 
 Bashful shame, . . . . . 
 
 Beauty, 
 
 Beauty unknown to the pos- 
 sessor, 
 
 Benevolence, . , . . . 
 
 Beware! 
 
 To bind, 
 
 Bonds of affection, . . . 
 
 A Boaster, 
 
 Bravery, . . . . . 
 
 Busy Body, 
 
 Call me not Beautiful, . . 
 
 Calumny, Scandal, . . . 
 
 Capricious Beauty, . . . 
 
 Charity, 
 
 Charming, 
 
 Cheerfulness, 
 
 Cheerfulness in old Age, . . 
 
 ChivaJry, 
 
 Compassion, ...... 
 
 Concealed Love, .... 
 
 Confession, .-..,,, 
 
 Confidence, ...... 
 
 Consolation, ...... 
 
 Constancy, ...... 
 
 Consumed by Love, . . . 
 
 Content, 
 
 Coquetry, 
 
 Counterfeit, 
 
 Cruelty, 
 
 To Cure, 
 
 Cure for the Heart-ache, 
 Deceitful charms, .... 
 Declaration of Love, . . . 
 Delay, ........ 
 
 Delicacy, 
 
 Delicate Beauty, .... 
 Departure, ...... 
 
 Despair, 
 
 Devotion, 
 
 Disappointment, .... 
 Disappointed Expectation, . 
 
 Discretion, 
 
 Disdain, 
 
 Dissension, 
 
 Zinnia. 
 Thyme. 
 Locust. 
 
 Rose bud, white. 
 
 Rose, cabbage. 
 Hollyhock. 
 Hollyhock, white. 
 Jasmine, white. 
 Holly. 
 
 Everlasting pea. 
 Geranium, nutmeg. 
 PoEony. 
 
 Columbine, red. 
 Pink, mountain. 
 Auricula. 
 Pink,J[ndian. 
 Rose, deep red. 
 Rose, red, full blown. 
 
 i Daisy. 
 
 Calycanthus. 
 
 Oleander. 
 
 Snow Ball. 
 
 Gilly Flower. 
 
 Hydranger. 
 
 Oak Leaf. 
 
 Quamoclit. 
 
 Rose, unique. 
 
 Hellebore. 
 
 Lady's Slipper 
 
 Grape, wild. 
 
 Rose, Musk. 
 
 Crocus. 
 
 American Starwort, 
 
 Daffodil. 
 
 Elder. 
 
 Acacia, yellow. 
 
 Rosebud, Moss. 
 
 Polyanthos. 
 
 Poppy, red. 
 
 Box. 
 
 Althaea. 
 
 Houstonia. 
 
 Dandelion. 
 
 Mock Orange. 
 
 Marigold. 
 
 Yarrow. 
 
 Pleurisy root. 
 
 Thorn Apple. 
 
 Tulip, red. 
 
 Fever Root. 
 
 Lily of the Valley, 
 
 Hibiscus. 
 
 Pea Sweet 
 
 Cypress. 
 
 Heliotrope. 
 
 Syringa Carolina. 
 
 Geranium, fish. 
 
 Lemon blossom. 
 
 Rue. 
 
 Pride of China. 
 
 Distinction, Cardinal's flower 
 
 Distrust, Lavender. 
 
 Domestic virtues, .... Sage. 
 
 Egotism, self-love, . . . Narcissus. 
 
 Elegance, Acacia, white. 
 
 Eloquence, ...... Lagerstramia. 
 
 Encouragement, .... Virga aurca; or, Golden Rod. 
 
 Envy, Geranium, Crane's bill. 
 
 Esteem and Love, . . . Strawberry Tree, 
 
 I esteem, but do not love you, Spider wort. 
 
 Estranged love, .... Lotos flower. 
 
 Expectation,. . ... Anemone. 
 
 Falsehood, Lily, yellow. 
 
 Farewell! Pine, spruce. 
 
 Female Fidelity, .... Speedwell. 
 
 Feminine Modesty, . . . Calla. aHhiopica. 
 
 Fickleness, Larkspur, pink col. 
 
 Fidelity in misfortune, . . Wall Flower. 
 
 Filial love, Virgin's Bower. 
 
 Finesse, Sweet William. 
 
 Flattery, Venus' Looking Glass. 
 
 Flee away, Pennyroyal. 
 
 Foppery, Affectation, . . . Cock's Comb. 
 
 For ever thine, Dahlia. 
 
 Forget me not, J Heart Ease, yellow and pui- 
 
 Forsaken, Weeping Willow. 
 
 Fraternal love, Woodbine. 
 
 Freshness, Rose, damask. 
 
 Friendship, Acacia, rose. 
 
 Generous and devoted Love, Honeysuckle, wild. 
 
 Good wishes, Basil, Sweet. 
 
 Grace, Rose, Multiflora. 
 
 Grace and Elegance, . . . Jasmine, Yellow. 
 
 Gratitude, Canterbury Bell. 
 
 Happy Love, Rose, Bridal. 
 
 Hope, Almond flower. 
 
 Hope, Hawthorn. 
 
 Hopeless Love, .... Tulip, yellow. 
 
 Hopeless, not Heartless, . Love lies-a-bleeding. 
 
 Humility, Broom. 
 
 I am dazzled by your charms, Ranunculus. 
 I am perfectly indifferent to ) -p. 
 
 you, ...... $ Dogwood. 
 
 I am worthy of you, 
 I am your Captive, 
 I change but in dying, 
 
 Rose, white. 
 Peach blossom. 
 Bay leaf. 
 Belvidere. 
 Jonquil. 
 
 Catch Fly, white. 
 
 I declare against you, . . . 
 I desire a return of affection, 
 I fall into the Trap laid for ' 
 
 me, I 
 
 If you do love me, you will ) .... . , , , , 
 
 find me out, /. . . j Rose, Main's Blush. 
 
 I have a message for you, . Iris. 
 
 I have lost all! Honey flower, Mourning Bride 
 
 I live for thee, ..... Cedar. 
 
 I love, Chrysanthemum, rose colour. 
 
 Imagination, ...... Lupine. 
 
 Immortality, Amaranth. 
 
 Impatience, Balsam, yellow. 
 
 Impatient resolves, . . . Balsam, red. 
 
 Inconstancy, Primrose, Evening. 
 
Industry, 
 
 Clover, red. 
 
 Sensitiveness, Mimosa. 
 
 Ingenuousness, 
 
 Pink, white. 
 
 Serenade, Dew Plant. 
 
 Ingratitude, 
 
 Rose, without a Thorn. 
 
 Simplicity, Sweet Briar. 
 
 Innocence, 
 
 Daisy, white. 
 
 Sincerity, Honesty, or Satin Flower. 
 
 I partake your sentiments, . 
 
 China Aster, double. 
 
 Slander, Nettle. 
 
 I will think of it, . . . . 
 
 China Aster, single. 
 
 Slighted love, . . ' . . Chrysanthemum, yellow. 
 
 I with the morning's love } 
 
 
 Solitude, Lichen. 
 
 have oft made sport, . jf 
 
 
 Sorrowful Remembrances, . Adonis. 
 
 I would not answer hastily, 
 
 Honeysuckle, Monthly. 
 
 Speak low, if you speak love, Honey Flower. 
 
 I wound to heal, .... 
 
 Eglantine. 
 
 Splendid Beauty, .... Amaryllis. 
 
 Jealousy, 
 
 Hyacinth. 
 
 Splendour, Sumach, Venice. 
 
 Lady, deign to smile, . . . 
 
 Geranium, Oak. 
 
 Submission, Grass. 
 
 Le plus loin, Le plus cher, . 
 
 Tuberose. 
 
 Sunbeam'd Eyes, .... Scarlet Lychnis. 
 
 Lightness, 
 
 Larkspur. 
 
 Superior Merit, Rose, Moss. 
 
 Live for me, 
 
 Arbor Vitae. 
 
 Superstition, St. John's wort. 
 
 Lively and pure affection, . 
 
 Pink, red. 
 
 Susceptibility, Passion Flower. 
 
 
 Violet, blue. 
 
 Sympathy, Balm. 
 
 Love at first sight, .... 
 
 Coreopsis, Arkansa. 
 
 That smile I would aspire ) Roge Daily 
 
 Love in idleness, .... 
 
 Heart's Ease, wild. 
 
 
 
 Myrtle. 
 
 The ambition in my ' ve i Fuchsia 
 
 Love returned, 
 
 Ambrosia. 
 
 thus plagues itself, . . ) 
 
 Majesty, Power, .... 
 
 Crown Imperial. 
 
 The colour of my fate, . . Honeysuckle, coral. 
 
 Matrimony, 
 Mature and finished elegance, 
 
 Ivy. 
 Pomegranate Flower. 
 
 The decrease of love on bet- > R ]low 
 ter acquaintance, . . > 
 
 Mildness, 
 
 Privet. 
 
 The first emotions of love, . Lilac, purple. 
 
 Misanthropy, 
 
 Thistle. 
 
 The Heart's Mystery, . . Polyanthos, crimson heart. 
 
 Modesty, 
 
 Violet, white. 
 
 The reward of Merit, . . . Bay Wreath. 
 
 Music, 
 
 Oat. 
 
 Thou art all that is lovely, . Rose, Austrian. 
 
 My Bane, My Antidote, . . 
 
 Poppy, white. 
 
 Time, Fir, Balm of Gilead. 
 
 My best days are past, . . 
 
 Meadow Saffron. 
 
 Time and Philosophy, . . Pine, Pitch. 
 
 Never ceasing Remembrance, 
 
 Everlasting. 
 
 Timidity, Marvel of Peru. 
 
 Only deserve my love, . . 
 
 Rose Campion. 
 
 A Token, Laurustinus. 
 
 Patience, 
 
 Ox Eye. 
 
 Transient Impressions, . . Rose, white and withered. 
 
 Peace, 
 
 Olive. 
 
 Transport, Ecstacy, . . . Cape Jasmine. 
 
 Pensive Beauty, .... 
 
 Laburnum. 
 
 Treacherv Laurel. 
 
 Perplexity, 
 
 Love in-a-mist. 
 
 Truth, Chrysanthemum, white. 
 
 Perseverance, 
 
 Magnolia. 
 
 Unanimity, Phlox. 
 
 Pity, 
 
 Camellia Japonica. 
 
 Uncertainty, Convolvulus. 
 
 Pity, 
 
 Pine, black. 
 
 Unchangeable, Amaranth, Globe. 
 
 Pleasures of Memory, . . 
 
 Periwinkle, blue. 
 
 Unconscious Beauty, . . . Rose, Burgundy. 
 
 Pleasing Reminiscences, 
 
 Periwinkle, white. 
 
 Unfortunate attachment, . Scabious. The Mourning Bride 
 
 Preference, 
 
 Geranium, rose. 
 
 Unpatronized Merit, . . . Primrose. 
 
 Present preference, . . . 
 
 Geranium, apple. 
 
 Useful knowledge, . . . Parsley. 
 
 Presumption, 
 
 Snap Dragon. 
 
 Variety, Rose, Mundi. 
 
 Pride, 
 
 Rose, hundred leaved. 
 
 War, Rose, York, and Lancaster. 
 
 Pride, Haughtiness, . . . 
 
 Sun-flower, tall. 
 
 Warlike Trophy, .... Nasturtium. 
 
 Prosperity, 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Winning Grace, .... Cowslip. 
 
 Purity and sweetness, . . . 
 
 Lily, white. 
 
 A Wish, Fox Glove. 
 
 Recall, 
 
 Geranium, silver-leaved. 
 
 Wit, Ragged Robin. 
 
 Recantation, 
 
 Lotos leaf. 
 
 Wit, ill timed, Sorrel. 
 
 Recluse, 
 
 Moss. 
 
 Woman's Love, .... Pink. The Carnation. 
 
 Reconciliation, 
 Refinement, 
 
 Star of Bethlehem. 
 Snow drop. 
 
 You are the Queen of Co- > Que6n , g rQcket 
 quettes, > 
 
 Refusal, 
 
 Pink, variegated. 
 
 You are young and beautiful, Rose-bud, red. 
 
 Rejected addresses, . . . 
 
 Ice Plant 
 
 You occupy my thoughts, . Heart's Ease, purple. 
 
 Religious Superstition, . . 
 
 Aloe. 
 
 Your devout adorer, . . . Sun-flower, Dwarf. 
 
 
 Rosemary. 
 
 Your hand for the next quad- ) Geranium Ivy> 
 
 Resolved to win, .... 
 
 Columbine, purple. 
 
 rille? > 
 
 Riches, 
 
 Bird's-foot Trefoil. 
 Butter-cup. 
 
 Your purity equals your love- 1 Q blogsom> 
 liness, ) 
 
 Rural Happiness, . . . 
 
 Rocket. 
 Tulip tree. 
 
 Your qualities surpass your> Mi tte . 
 loveliness, i 
 
 
 Night shade. 
 
 Youth, Lilac, white. 
 
 Sensibility, 
 
 Verbena. 
 
 Youthful love, Catch fly, red. 
 
2. Soap-wort, Saponaria officindlis, Feast of the holy 
 guardian Angels. 
 
 3. Helenium, downy, Helenium pubescens, St. Diony- 
 sius, the Areopagite, A. D. 51. 
 
 4. Southern-wood, dwarf, Artemisia abrotanwn, St.' 
 Francis, of Assisium, A. D. 1226. 
 
 5. Chamomile, star-like, a Fungus, Boltonia asteroides, 
 St. Placidus, A. D. 546. 
 
 6. Feverfew, creeping-rooted, Pyrethrum serotinum, 
 St. Bruno, Founder of the Carthusian Monks, A. D. 1101. 
 
 I. Chrysanthemum, Indian, Chrysanthemum Indicum, 
 St. Mark, Pope, A. D. 336. 
 
 8. Maudlin, sweet, Jlchillea ageratum, St. Bridget, 
 A. D. 1373. 
 
 9. Mushroom, milky, Jlgaricus lactifluus acris, or, Ji. 
 Listcri, St. Denys, Patron saint of France. 
 
 10. Aletris, cape waved-leaved, Jlletris viridifolia, St. 
 Francis Borgia, A. D. 1572. 
 
 II. Holly, common, Ilex aquifolium, St. Ethelburge, 
 A. D. 664. 
 
 12. Flea-bane, wavy, Inula undulata, St. Wilfred, 
 Bishop of York, A. D. 709. 
 
 13. Helenium, yellow, smooth, Helenium autumnale, 
 St. Edward, King, and Confessor, A. D. 1066. 
 
 14. Flea-bane, Indian, Inula Indica, St. Calixtus, Pope, 
 A. D. 222. 
 
 15. Sultan, sweet, purple, Centaurea moschata, St. 
 Teresa, Virgin, 1582. 
 
 16. Yarrow, Jlchillea millefolium, St. Gall, Abbot, 
 A. D. 646. 
 
 17. Sun-flower, Dwarf, Helianthus indicus, St. Anstru- 
 dis, A. D. 688. 
 
 18. Mushroom, Jlgaricus jloccosus, St. Luke, the Evan- 
 gelist, A. D. 63. 
 
 19. Tick-seed, perennial, Coreopsis procera, St. Fri- 
 des wide, Patroness of Oxford, 8th Century. 
 
 20. Sultan, yellow, sweet, Centaurea suaveolens, St. 
 Artemius, 362. 
 
 21. Silphium, hairy-stalked, Silphium asteriscus, St. 
 Ursula, 5th Century. 
 
 22. Silphium, rough, three-leaved, Silphium trifoliatum, 
 St. Nunilo, 840. 
 
 23. Star-wort, slender-stalked, Jlster junceus, St. Theo- 
 doret, A. U. 362. 
 
 24. Star-wort, Carolina, Jlster carolinus Jlexuosus, St. 
 Proclus, Archbishop of Constantinople, A. D. 447. 
 
 25. Star-wort, flea-bane, Jlster Conizoidcs, St. Crispin, 
 A. D. 237. 
 
 Star-wort, meagre, Jlster miser, St. Crispinian, 287- 
 
 These were both Brothers, and Martyrs, Shoemakers, 
 and Patrons of that art. 
 
 26. Golden-rod, late-flowered, Solidago petiolaris, St. 
 Evaristus, Pope, A. D. 112. 
 
 27- Star-wort, floribund, Jlster Jloribundus, St. Fru- 
 mentius, Apostle of Ethiopia, Century 4th. 
 
 28. Chrysanthemum, late flowering, creeping, Chrys. 
 serotinum, St. Simon, Apostle, the Zealot. 
 
 Star-wort, scattered, Jlster passi/lorus, St. Jude, the 
 Apostle. 
 
 29. Narcissus, green, autumnal, Narcissus viridijlorus, 
 St. Narcissus, Bishop of Jerusalem, 2nd Century. 
 
 30. Mushroom, mixen, Jlgaricus Jlmetarius, St. Mar- 
 cellus, the centurion, A. D. 298. 
 
 31. Tick-seed, fennel-leaved, Coreopsis ferulstrfblia, St. 
 Quintin, 287. 
 
 " The 31st October is all Hallow E'en, or the vigil of 
 All Saints' day, in which young people try their fortune, by 
 drawing cabbages from the ground, blindfolded. Or, burn- 
 ing nuts in the fire, etc. 
 
 The cabbage, or kale, being large or small, straight or 
 crooked, is deemed prophetic of the size and form of the grand 
 object of their spells. If any earth adhere to the root, that is 
 tocher, or fortune; the taste of the heart of the stem, is indi- 
 cative of the natural temper and disposition. Lastly, the 
 stems are placed over the door, and the Christian name of the 
 person who first enters through the door, will be the name 
 sought for. If more than one be so affixed, it will be decided 
 according to the priority of placing the runts or stalks. 
 
 The nuts are named, and accordingly as they burn qui- 
 etly together, or start from beside each other, the course, and 
 issue of their love will be." 
 
 These glowing nuts are emblems true 
 Of what in human life we view; 
 The ill-matched couple fret and fume, 
 And thus, in strife themselves consume; 
 Or, from each other wildly start, 
 And with a noise for ever part. 
 But see, the happy, happy pair, 
 Of genuine love and truth sincere; 
 With mutual fondness, while they burn, 
 Still to each other kindly turn: 
 And as the vital sparks decay, 
 Together gently sink away: 
 Till life's fierce ordeal being past, 
 Their mingled ashes rest at last. 
 
 Charles Graydon, Esqr. 
 From his collection of poems. Dublin, 1801. 
 
 NOVEMBER. 
 
 1. Laurustinus, Laurustinus sempervircns, St. Fortu- 
 natus. 
 
 2. Cherry, winter, Physalis, St. Marcian, A. D. 387. 
 
 3. Primrose, Primula vulgaris, St. Flour, A. D. 389. 
 
 4. Strawberry tree, Jlrbutus, St. Brinstan, Bishop of 
 Winchester, A. D. 931. 
 
 5. Cherry, common winter, orange coloured fruit, Phy- 
 salis alkakengi, St. Bertille, Abbess of Chelles, A. D. 692. 
 
 6. Yew tree, common, of Europe, Taxus baccata, St. 
 Leonard, 6th Century. 
 
 7. Fu re rasa, large, Furcrxa gigantea, St. Willebord, 
 First Bishop of Utrecht. 738. 
 
 8. Aletris, cape, Veltheimia glauca, the four crowned 
 Brothers, Martyrs, A. D. 304. 
 
 9. Aletris, glaucous-leafed, Veltheimia glauca, St. John 
 Lateran. 
 
 10. Fir, Scotch, Pinus sylvestris, St. Nympha, 5th 
 Century. 
 
 11. Pine, Wey mouth, Pinus strobus, St. Martin, Bish- 
 op, A. D. 397. 
 
 12. Aloe, great orange flowering, Veltheimia, or JUe- 
 tris uvaria, St. Niltis, A. D. 390. 
 
 13. Bay, Laurits poetica, St. Homobonus, A. D. 1197. 
 
*- 
 
 14. Laurel, Portugal, Cerasus lusitanica, St. Law- 
 rence, Archbishop of Dublin, 1180. 
 
 15. Colt's-foot, sweet-scented, Tussilago fragrans, St. 
 Gertrude, Abbess, 1292. 
 
 16. Hemp, African bow-string, Sanseviera guineensis, 
 St. Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, A. D. 1242. 
 
 17- Stramony, or Thorn Apple tree, Datura arborea, 
 St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, Bishop, A. D. 270. 
 
 18. Passion-Flower, notched-leafed, with curling rays to 
 flower, Passiflora serratifolia, dedication of the churches 
 of St. Peter and St. Paul, at Rome. 
 
 19. Passion-Flower, apple fruited, Passiflora malifor- 
 mis, St. Elizabeth, of Hungary, A. D. 1231. 
 
 20. Stapelia, red, Stapelia rubra, St. Edmund, King 
 and Martyr, 870. 
 
 21. Sorrel, wood, Oxalis grandiflora, the presentation 
 of the B. V. Mary. 
 
 22. Sorrel, wood, tube-flowered, Oxalis tubiflora, St. 
 Cecilia, A. D. 230. 
 
 St. Cecilia, a Sicilian Martyr. She is the tutular 
 Saint and Patroness of Music, particularly of Sacred Music. 
 She is supposed to be the inventress of the organ; and to 
 have drawn down an Angel from Heaven by the music of her 
 voice. 
 
 At last divine Cecilia came, 
 
 Inventress of the vocal frame; 
 The sweet enthusiast, from her sacred store, 
 
 Enlarg'd the former narrow bounds, 
 
 And added length, to solemn sounds, 
 With Nature's Mother-wit, and arts unknown before. 
 
 Let old Timotheus yield the prize, 
 Or both divide the crown; 
 
 He rais'd a mortal to the skies; 
 
 She brought an Jlngel down. Dry den. 
 
 23. Sorrel, convex, Oxalis convexula, St. Clement, 
 Pope, A. D. 100. 
 
 24. Stapelia, starry, Stapelia radiata, St. John of the 
 cross, A. D. 1591. 
 
 25. Butterbur, sweet, Tussilago fragrans, St. Catha- 
 rine, Patroness of Spinsters, 3rd Century. 
 
 26. Sorrel, linear, Oxalis linearis, St. Conrad, Bishop 
 of Constance, 976. 
 
 27. Sorrel, lupine-leaved, Oxalis lupinifolia, St. Virgil, 
 Bishop of Saltzburg, A. D. 784. 
 
 28. Stapelia, variegated, Stapelia variegata, St. Stephen 
 the younger, 764. 
 
 29. Sphenogyne, Sphenogyne pilrftora, St. Saturninus, 
 Bishop, A. D. 257. 
 
 30. Sorrel, three-coloured, Oxalis tricolor, St. Sapor, 
 Bishop. 
 
 November 30th is St. Andrew's Day, Patron saint of 
 Scotland, one of the Apostles. A Martyr. The form of the 
 cross of St. Andrew, is believed to be that of the letter X, 
 styled a cross Decussate. The Muscovites, say he preached 
 among them, and claim him as the tutular saint of their Em- 
 pire. 
 
 DECEMBER. 
 
 1. Stapelia, dark, Stapelia pulla, St. Eligius, Bishop of 
 Noyon, A. D. 659. 
 
 2. Geodorum, lemon, Geodorum citrinwn, St. Bibiania, 
 A. D. 363. 
 
 3. Indian Tree, Euphorbia tirucalli, St. Francis Xavier, 
 A. D. 1552. 
 
 4. Goose-berry, Barbadoes, Cactus pereskia, St. Peter 
 Chrysologus, 450. 
 
 5. Hibiscus, long-stalked, Hibiscus pedunculatus, St. 
 Crispina, A. D. 304. 
 
 6. Heath, nest-flowered, Erica nudiflora, St. Nicholas, 
 Archbishop of Myra, 342. 
 
 7. Achania, hairy, Jlchania pilosa, St. Ambrose, A. D. 
 397. 
 
 8. Arbor Vitae, American, Thuja occidentalis, the B. V. 
 Mary. 
 
 9. Spruce, Corsican, Pinus Laricio, St. Leocadia, 304. 
 
 10. Cypress, Portugal, Cupressus pendula, St. Eulalia. 
 
 11. Pine, Aleppo, Pinus halepensis, St. Damascus, 
 Pope, 384. 
 
 12. Heath, crowded, Erica abietina, St. Eadburge, A. D. 
 751. 
 
 13. Arbor Vitae, African, Thuja cupressoides, St. Lucy, 
 A Syracuse Martyr, A. D. 304. 
 
 14. Pine, swamp, Pinus palustris, St. Spiridion, Arch- 
 bishop, A. D. 348. 
 
 15. Pine, pitch, Pinus resinosa, St. Florence, Abbot. 
 
 16. Arbor VitaB, Chinese, Thuja orientalis, St. Alice, or 
 Adelaide, Empress, A. D. 999. 
 
 17. Cedar, white, Cupressus thyoides, St. Olympias, 
 A. D. 410. 
 
 18. Cypress, New Holland, Cupressus australis, St. 
 Winebald, 760. 
 
 19. Heath, two-coloured, Erica bicolor, St. Samthana, 
 Abbess, 738. 
 
 20. Pine, stone, Pinus pinea, St. Philogonius, Bishop 
 of Antioch, 322. 
 
 21. Sparrow-wort, Erica passerina, St. Thomas, the 
 Apostle. 
 
 22. Heath, pellucid, Erica pellucida, St. Cyril, A. D. 
 881. 
 
 23. Cedar of Lebanon, Pinus cedrus, St. Victoria, 250. 
 
 24. Pine, frankincense, Pinus tseda, Sts. Thrasilla, and 
 Emiliana. 
 
 25. Holly, Ilex aculeata baccifera, the nativity of our 
 Saviour. 
 
 Some say, that ever 'gainst that season comes 
 Wherein our Saviour's birth is celebrated, 
 This bird of dawning singeth all night long. 
 And then, they say, no spirit stirs abroad; 
 The nights are wholesome; then no planet strikes j 
 No fairy takes, nor witch hath power to charm 
 So hallow'd, and so gracious is the time. 
 
 Shaks. Hamlet. 
 
 Christmas, the joyous period of the year! 
 Now with bright Holly all the temples strow, 
 With Laurel, green, and sacred Mistletoe. 
 
 With Holly and ivy, 
 
 So green and so gay, 
 We deck up our houses 
 
 As fresh as the day 
 
 Gay. 
 

'I SK \\