University of California College of Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Station Berkeley, California SEASCNAL LABOR NEEDS FOR CAJ.IFORNIA CROPS SACRA2.1ENT0 COUNTY (Excluding Delta Lands) Progress Report Wo. 34 R . L . Adams Preliminary — Subject to Correction November, 1936 Contribution from the Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics Mimeographed Report No. 53 UNIVERSITY OF CALIPORWIA LIBRARY BRANCH OF THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURB (Farm Labor Survey — July- December, 1936) Frogress Report No. 54 Seasonal Labor Needs for Califomla Crops Sacramento County (Excluding Delta Lands) Scope of Presentation . — The following considerations govern the presentation of this progress report: 1. The data are confined to the area indicated above. 2. The data are confined solely to crops, livestock needs being ignored. 3. The findings apply only to occasional or seasonal labor requirements as distinguished from labor contributed by farm operators and by workers employed on a year-round or regular basis of employment. 4. Attention is concentrated upon workers required for hand tasks — planting, thinning, weeding, hoeing, and harvesting — without including teamsters, tractor drivers, irrigators, and shed packers of vegetables or fruits. 5. The presentation includes the so-called migratory, transient, or roving workers which comprise an important source of help needed in connection v/ith certain tasks and at "peak" times which seasonally arise in connection with many field, truck, and fruit crops commercially produced in California. 6. This report is confined to California's need for seasonal ap;ricultural vrorkers because of the more pressing problems liable to arise in connection there- with. A later study is planned wliich will deal with other kinds of labor involved in the production of California's many crops. Brief Description of the Are a. — Sacramento County is one of the central counties of California, its southwestern point being about 36 miles northeast of San Francisco. It lies oast of the Sacramento River, and borders that river from its point of junction with the San Joaquin northward for about 55 miles to a point some 10 miles north of the city of Sacramento. Solano and Yolo counties lie across the river to the ^vest. On the north it is Joined by Sutter and Placer counties, and on the east it is separated from El Dorado and Amador counties by a line which runs through the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. On the south Dry Creek forms the boundary'' between Sacramento and San Joaquin counties from the foothills westward to its junction with the north fork of the Mokelunme River, The line then follows the north fork of the Mokelumne southward to the San Joaquin and along the San Joaquin River to its junction with the Sacramento. A large part of the agricultural land of the county lies in the lowlands and islands of the river district south of Sacramento, generally knovm as the "Delta", and has been omitted from this report because the Delta is treated as a separate unit in Progress Report No. 59. The county has an area of 629,120 acres, of which 374,318 acres are classified as available for crops by the 1935 Census. This is further classified as follows by the Census for the crop year 1934: Acreage Crop land harvested 204,255 Crop failure 2,581 Crop land idle or fallow 49,645 Plowable pasture 117,857 Total 374,318 Note: This table is for the whole county, including delta lands, which are not considered in this report. In general, the most intensively developed farm land of the county lies along the rivers; along the Sacramento River, both north and south of the city of Sacramento, and along the American and Cosumnes rivers which drain into it from the east. Some of the higher land near the rivers has also been put under irrigation, but most of it lies below 200 feet in elevation. The lower land bordering the ilmerican o.nd Cosumnes rivers is a fine sandy load 6 feet or more in depth. The higher land adjoining is mostly loam, of somewhat less depth. The Aiuerican Basin, north of the junction of the Sacrcanento and j^morican rivers, consists largely of clay with a considerable area of silt loam and fine sandy loam near the rivers. Grain is produced over a large part of the slightly elevated rolling land between the eastern foothills and the Sacrtuiiento River, the soil being rriostly a loam of moderate depth. Crops, Acreage, and Producti on. — The basis used in calcule.ting occasional or seasonal need for labor other than that furnished by farm operators and regularly employed workers appears as table 1. This table does not include that portion of the county v;hich lies in the Delta, since the Delta, including portions of five counties, has been considered as a separate unit in Progress Report Ko. 59. Tue to lack of assembled data, acreage and production figures shovv'n in table 1 are nstimates based on information obtained from various sources. However, they are believed to represent conditions with a fair degree of accuracy. TABLE 1 Basis for Calculating Seasonal Labor Needs Sacramento County (Excluding Delta) Crop Acreage Production Field crops:* Alfalfa 10,000 50,000 tons Beans 10,000 Grain — wheat, barley, oats 60,000 Hay — other than alfalfa 13,500 17,800 tons Rice 2,832 255,294 bushels of 45 pounds Hops 2,005 17,454 bales of 190 pounds f Vegetable crops: Beansf — spring 150 fall 50 Cabbage ^ 150 Peas 140 4 21,000 hampers (of 1 bushel each) Spinach 1,000 BOO tons Tomatoes canning 5,100 40,800 tons Table continued on 'next 'page. 'f..i 3. Table 1 continued. Crop -Lcreage Production Tomatoes — simmer fall Fruit and nut crops : ^ Almonds Apples Apricots Cherries Figs — Kadota ^ Figs other than Kadota Grapes — raisin varieties table varieties wine varieties Grapefruit ^ Lemons Oranges — Navel "f- Olives Peaches — clingstone Peaches Pears -■ -- freestone Bartlett other varieties ^ Persimmons % Plums Prunes Walnuts Strawberries 100 300 2,167 142 513 646 65 228 439 10,678 3,590 46 100 1,297 ■ 2,269 2,071 946 920 250 20 2,029 2,816 805 1,150 10,400 lugs to San Francisco by truck 52,800 lugs by rail 271 tons 180 tons canned or shipped 75 tons fresh v/eight: dried^ 120 tons canning varieties 150 tons shipping varieties 6 cars to San Francisco by truck = 7,200 crates of 12 pounds 862,875 lugs shipped 15,000 tons for juice 110 tons shipped 175 tons pickled 200 tons pressed for oil 4,240 tons fresh 85 tons fresh weight: driedf 15 tons fresh v/eight: dried 35 tons shipped 4,600 tons 1,415 tons (mostly shipped) 2,800 tons dry weight t 393,250 pounds, including 17 per cent culls (estimated) 800,000 crates of 12 baskets *Field crop acreages based largely on 1935 Census. -|-Drying ratios estimated to be as follows: Apricots 5,5 — 1 Peaches 5.5 — 1 Prunes 2,25 — 1 Hops 4 — 1 ^Use of seasonal labor inconsequential on these crops — hence ignored. (^Acreage in green peas increased to 800 in 1936, but average yield decreased • about 400 pickers required in 1936. 50 10 ton-? — l/6 of job each month Baling — May — October, inclusive. 100 8 tons 90 per cent — 1/6 of Job each of crop month Beans Hoeing July — all of job 100 2 acres (l time) — 50 per cent of acreage Piling September 1-30 — 70 per cent of acreage 100 October 1-31 — 30 per 1 acre cent of acreage ■ Threshing September 1-30 — 15 per toy "pick- cent of acreage up" October 1-31 — 75 per cent 50 cent of acreage 4 acres November 1-15 -- 10 per J cent of acreage Grain Harvesting June 1-30 — 50 per cent wi th of acreage combine July 1-31 — 50 per cent 60 7 acres of acreage ^ Table continued on next page. 14- i 1 6. Table 2 continued. Crop Operation Time of need by months Per cent of work done by seasonal help Output per man-day Field crops: ( cont . ) Hay - other than alfalfa Rice Hops Vegetable crops : Peas — green Spinach Mov;ing Raking Shocking Cutting with " swathe r" Threshing T/ith "pick- up" t Picking up sacks and hauling from field Pruning, stringing, etc. Training vines — 3 times Picking Drying Baling Hoeing — average 1 time Picking Hoeing May 1-31 — all of acreage May 1-31 — all of acreage May 1-31 — all of acreage September 15-30 — l/s of — 2/3 of 20 per October 1-31 acreage September 15-30 — cent of acreage October 1-51 — 80 per cent of acreage September 15-30 — 20 per cent of crop October 1-31 — 80 per cent of crop March 1-31 — l/3 of job April 1-30 — 2/Z of job Ifey 7-31 — 2/3 of job June 1-15 — 1/3 of job } August 7-31 ~ all of crop August 7-31 — all of crop September 1-7 — all of crop February — 50 per cent of acreage March — 50 per cent of acreage May 10-31 — all of crop January 1-31 — 50 per cent of acreage February 1-28 — 50 per cent of acreage r 50 50 50 100 70 70 100 50 60 100 100 100 7.b acres 15,0 acres 30 acres 10 acres 4,6 acres or 180 sacks 500 sachs Total — 6 man-days per acre Total — 6 man- a ays per acre = 0,5 acre per day 200 pounds 2,800 pounds (green \'/eight) 15 bales of 200 pounds ^ (dry v/eight) O0S6 acre 10 hampers 0,75 acre Table continued on next page.- 6. Table 2 continued. Crop Operation Time of need by months Per cent of work done by seasonal hel p Output per man- day Spinach (cont.) Tomatoes Picking up and orating Transplanting (in beds) Planting by hand — 50 per cent of acreage Planting by machine — 50 per cent of acroari-e Replanting — 10 per cent of plants Hoeing average 2 times Picking for canning Picking for shipping March 15-31 — 50 per cent of crop April 1-15 — 50 per cent of crop J February 15-28 — 50 per cent of job March 1-15 — 50 per cent ( of job April 15-30 — 25 per cent of job May 1-15 — 75 per cent of job April 15-30 — 25 per cent of job May 1-15 ~ 75 per cent of job May 1-30 — all of job May 20-31 — 25 per cent of job June 1-30 — 75 per cent of job August 15-31 — 20 per cent of crop September 1-30 — 40 per cent of crop October 1-31 — 40 per cent of crop July — 10 per cent of shipments Augus1f-ll per cent of shipments September — 2 per cent of f shipments October — 75 per cent of shipments Balance — scattered and inconsequential. Fruit and nut crops ; Almonds Knocking August 10-31 — 25 per cent of crop September 1-30 — 70 per cent of crop October 1-10 — 5 per cent of crop 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 4 tons 5,000 plants 0.75 acre 2.0 acres 4 acres 1.0 acre 2,000 pounds 45 packed lugs 0,25 acre Table continued on next page. Table 2 continued. 7. Crop Operation Time of need by months Per cent of work done by seasonal Output per man- day Almonds (cont.) Apricots Cherries Hulling — by machine'fl Figs — other than Kadota Grapes Pruning Thinning l\ Picking Cutting for drying Other dry-yarc labor Picking — canning varieties Picking — shipping varieties Packing — shipping varieties Picking Pruning August 10-31 — 25 per cent of crop September 1-30 — 70 per cent of crop October 1-10 — 5 per cent of crop November — 75 per cent of acreage December — 25 per cont of acreage — I April 15-30 May 1-15 June 15-30 -- 70 per cent of crop July 1-15 — 30 per cent of crop _^ June 15-30 — 70 per cent of job July 1-15 — 30 per cent of job June 15-30 — 60 per cent of job July 1-20 — 40 per cent of job May 24-31 of crop June 1-7 - of crop May 1-31 - of crop June 1-7 - of crop May 1-31 . of crop June 1-7 - of crop - 50 per cent 50 per cent 80 per cent 20 per cent 80 per cent 20 per cent i July ~ 1,200 crates September — 3,600 crates | 0otobei^,400 crates January — l/3 of acreage February — l/3 of acreage March — l/3 of acreage 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 400 pounds in 8 hours 0,25 acre 1,000 pounds 600 pounds (fresh weight) ** 11 hours per fresh ton 200 pounds 180 pounds 225 pounds 15 crates (=180 pounds) 0»3o acre Table continued on next page. 8. Table 2 continued. Crop Operation Time of need -by months Per cent of work done by seasonal Output per man-day Grapes (cont.) Olives Peaches -- clingstone Hoeing and suckering Sulfuring — several times Picking and packing in field for season Picking for wineries (and for drying) Picking for pickling Picking for oil Pruning Thinning Picking March — l/S of acreage April — 1/2 of acreage May — 1/3 of job June — 1/3 of job July — 1/3 of job August 24-31 — 3 per cent of shipments September 1-30 — 60 per cent of shipments October 1-31 — 36 per cent of shipments November 1-15 — 1 per cent of shipments . September 15-50 — 30 per cent of crop October 1-31 — 40 per cent of crop November 1-30 — 30 per cent of crop October 15-31 - crop November 1-30 • crop December 1-31 - cent of crop January 1-31 -- cent of crop December 1-31 — 15 per cent of acreage January 1-31 — 35 per cent of acreage February 1-28 — 35 per cent of acreage March 1-15 — 15 per cent of acreage May 1-31 — 50 per cent of acreage June 15-30 — 50 per cent of acreage August 1-31 — 60 per cent of crop September 1-10 — 40 per cent of crop 90 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 Average 2.0 acres (varies greatly) Totals about 1/2 day per acre for season 12 lugs (of 31 pounds) 3,000 pounds 275 pounds 400 pounds 0,25 acre 0*2 acre 1 ton Table continued on next page. 1 I 1 ■ I 9. Table 2 continued. Crop Peaches (cont.) Pears — mostly Bartlett Plums Operation Cutting for drying Other labor in dry yards Pruning Spraying Blight control Picking Pruning — 50 per cent of acreage Time of need by months Per cent of work done by seasonal help August 1-31 — 60 per cent of job September 1-10 — 40 per cent of job August 1-31 — 60 per cent of job September 1-15 — 40 per cent of job i 1 100 100 > > November — l/3 of acreage December — l/3 of acreage January — l/S of acreage September — 1 time on all acreage December — 1 time on l/2 of acreage January — 1 time on l/2 of acreage l>Iarch — 2 times on all acreage April — 2 times on all acreage May «- 2 times on all acreage June — 1 time on all acreage >^ March ~ about 25 per cent each month April — about 25 per cent each month May — about 25 per cent each month June — about 25 per cent each month July 1-31 — 60 per cent of crop August 1-31 — 30 per cent of crop September 1-10 — 10 per cent of crop December — 10 per cent of acreage January ~ 40 per cont of acrea?,e 100 50 > 50 100 Output per man-day 600 pounds 11 1/2 hours per fresh ton** 0,25 acre 2 acres Average about 20 hours per acre for season 1,200 pounds (= 30 boxes) 0,5 acre Table continued on next page. 10. Table 2 continued. Crop Operation Time of need by months Per cent of T/ork done by seasonal help Output per man- day Plums (cont.) Prunes Walnuts Pruning (cont.) Thinning Picking 40 per cent cent of per cent February -■ of acreage March — 10 per acreage April 15-30 — 50 cent of acreage May 1-15 — 50 per of acreage June — 25 per cent of crop July 1-31 — 60 per cent of crop August 1- of crop 15 per cent Pruning Shaking trees Picking up Dipping and drying — by dehydrator Sorting December 1-31 — 10 per cent of acreage January 1-31 — 40 per cent of acreage February 1-28 40 per cent of acreage March 1-15 — 10 per cent of acreage September 1-31 — 90 per cent of crop October 1-10 — 10 per cent of crop September 1-31 — 90 per cent of crop October 1-10 — 10 per cent of crop September 1-31 — 90 per cent of crop October 1-15 — 10 per cent of crop September 1-31 ~ 90 per cent of crop October 1-15 — 10 per cent of crop Knocking and picking up 100 100 90 100 100 90 90 100 September 20-30 — 25 per cent of crop October 1-31 — 75 per cent of crop Hulling — usually done by machine with regular help. Strawberries Hoeing — first time ft' February ~ 50 per cent of job March — 50 per cent of job 70 0,33 acre 700 pounds (=25 cratesy 0,25 acre 2«5 tons ( green TOi^t 1 ton 6 hours per green ton 5 tons 200 pounds 18 days per acre Table continued on next page. { » I 11. Table 2 continued. work done Output per Crop Oporation Time of need by months by seasonal help man-day Strawberries Hoeing -- March ~ 50 per cent of (cont.) second time Pi eking 'f'f^ job I April ~ 50 per cent of J job ) May 1-31 — 85 per cent ~1 70 18 days per acre of crop 1 June 1-30 — 12 per cent of crop 70 15 crates of 12 baskets Balance — scattered and i nconsequential. *Use of power equipment in handling hay is increasing with consequent reduction in labor needs. -fRice threshing sometimes continues into November or even December, + Drying ratio on hops is about 4 to 3 . Output per man-day in baling is about 12 bales with horse press and 22 bales with electric power press. About 1,200 plants needed per acre, ... 12. in soil types, climatic conditions, vreeds, yields, and other factors influencing the amount of work that a laborer can perform in a given day. Moreover, the basis of output is a mature, experienced male v.-orker without reference to use of women, children, and more or less inexperienced help that is sometimes used in connection with certain of the tasks requiring use of seasonal workers. The coltimn headed "available days" reflects (a) limitations set from the period vdthin which the work must be performed because of the nature of the task, such as transplanting, thinning, weeding, and cutting, and (b) available days as determined by weather conditions, inclement weather reducing the number of days v/hen a required task can be performed. The "required number of individuals" is given in terms of v/orkers as noted above in connection with "output per man-day". It is probable that the estimated number of workers required, as recorded in table 3, will often be too low, for the reason that "peaks" frequently occur, during Wnich an unusually large proportion of the job is done in a very short period. This would naturally require a much greater number of workers than when the work is spread over a longer period, even though the total amount of labor (in man-days) remains the same. # TABLE 3 Seasonal Labor Needs Sacrajnento County — by Months and Tasks (Excluding Delta Lands) Required Available Required number Month Crop and task Size of task Output per man-day man- days days or workers* January Spinach: Hoeing 500 acres 0.75 acre 667 19 36 Grapes: Pruning 4,412 acresi" 0.33 acre 13,370 19 704 Olives: Picking for oil 100 tons 400 »0 pounds 500 19 27 Peaches (clingstone): Pruning 363 acres ■f 0.25 acre 1,452 19 77 Pears: Pruning 307 acres 1 0.25 acre 1,228 19 65 Spraying 230 acres 2.0 acres 115 19 7 Plums: Pruning 203 acres t 0.5 acre 406 19 22 Prunes: Pruning 1,014 acres f 0.25 acre 4.056 19 214 Totals 21.794 19 1.147 man- months February Peas: Hoeing 70 acres 0.66 acre 107 21 6 Spinach: Hoeing 500 acres 0.75 acre 667 21 32 Tomatoes: Transplanting (in beds) 3,168,000 5,000.0 plants 634 10 64 {Feb. 15- plants i f 28) Grapes: Pruning 4,412 acres X 0.33 acre 13,370 21 637 Peaches (clingstone): Pruning 363 acres t 0.25 acre 1,452 21 70 Plums: Pruning 203 acres t 0.5 acre 406 21 20 Prunes: Pruning 1,014 acrest' 0.25 acre 4,056 21 194 Strawberries: Hoeing 402 acres i" 1/18 acre 7,236 21 345 Totals 27,928 21 1.330 man-months March Hops: Pruning, etc. 1,404 acres r 2,830 22 129 Peas: Hoeing 70 acres 0.66 acre 107 22 5 Spinach: Picking up and crating 2,250 tons 4.0 tons 563 11 52 (March 15-31) Tomatoes: Trajisplanting 3,168,000 5,000,0 plants 634 11 58 (March plants "j" "f 1-15) Grapes: Pruning 4,412 acrest 0.33 acre 13,370 22 608 Hoeing and suckering b,618 acresT 2.0 acres 3,309 22 151 Peaches (clingstone): Pruning 155 acrest 0.25 acre 620 11 57 (March 920 acres t 1-15) Pears: Spraying 2,0 acres 460 22 21 Blight control 920 acres f 230 22 11 Table continued on next page. h> 1 1 { i t { i • . . ■- * - . - i t i 3 S ! i f i ■ • 1 I ; J i -■ ■.• • V'-r. ' _ ■4 Table 5 continued. 1 Required Available Required number Month Crop and task 1 bize of task Output per man-day man- days days of workers * March Plums: Pruning j . 50 acres t 0»5 acre 100 22 5 (cont.) Prunes: Pruning 253 acres +" 0.25 acre 1,012 22 46 Strawberries: Hoeing 805 acres + 1/18 acre 14,490 22 659 Totals 37.725 22 1,715 man-months April Alfalfa: Mov.'ing with teams 1 ,250 acres i" 7.5 acres 167 12 14 (April 15-30) Mowing with tractors 1,250 acres t" 20.0 acres 63 12 6 (April 15-30) Raking 2,500 acres 1 15»0 acres 167 12 14 (April 15-30) Shocking 2,500 acres 30.0 acres 84 12 7 (April 15-30) Hops: Pruning, etc. 1,404 acres T 5,661 23 247 Spinachr Picking up and crating 2,500 tons 4.0 tons 625 11 57 (April 1-15) Tomatoes: Planting by hand 688 acres 0.75 acre 918 12 77 (Aoril 15-30) Planting by machine 688 acres 2,0 acres 344 12 29 (April 15-30) Grapes: Hoeing and suckering 6,618 acresi" 0.33 acre 20,055 23 872 Pears: Spraying 920 acres f 2.0 acres 460 23 20 Blight control 920 acres f <^ 230 23 10 Plums: Thinning 1,014 acres 0.33 acre 3,073 12 257 (Aoril 15-30) Strawberries: Hoeing 403 acres + 1/18 acre 7,257 23 315 Totals 39.104 23 1 , 701 man-months May Alfalfa: Mowing with teams 2,500 acres + 7,5 acres 334 25 14 Mowing with tractors 2,500 acres + 20.0 acres 125 25 5 Raking 5,000 acres f 15.0 acres 334 25 14 Shocking 5,000 acres f- 30.0 acres 167 25 7 Stacking 4,167 tons + 10.0 tons 417 25 17 Baling 7,500 tons -f- 8.0 tons 938 25 S8 Hay (other than alfalfa): Mowing 6 , 750 acres + 7,5 acres 900 25 36 Raki ng 6,7 50 acres f 15.0 acres 450 25 18 Shocking 6,750 acres <^ 30.0 acres 225 25 9 Table continued on next page. •■ >,',.■-■■: /. 4 -r- - . - V- * . • ^ , . .. . - ■ - n : J. ■ \ ; :^ -i.^ :■■ I J-... r ' k. ' : .L. ,- j ■ \:-> [ I ^i.'::!; j ■' ■ i i i i ■ \ ] ' " -1 ■V- 1 ■' ■ ■ : iMii ■■^■rrrTMinmiiMT -i i i ■ iiiin ii ■ ■■ ■ m i Table 5 continued. Output per Required Available Required number Month Crop and task Size of task man-day man-days days of workers* May Hops: Training vines — 2 5,807 acresT ^cont, J times on all acreage 0.5 acre 5,514 20 281 U^^ay 7-31) Peas: Picking 21,000 hampers 10.0 hampers 2,100 17 124 (May 10-31) Tomatoes: Planting by hand 2,062 acres 0.75 acre 2,750 12 230 {lA&y 1-15) Plajiting by machine 2,062 acres 2.0 acres 1,031 12 86 (May 1-15) Replanting 550 acres 4.0 acres 138 25 6 Hoeing 2,750 acres 1.0 acre 2,750 9 306 (May 20-31) Cherries (canning varieties): Picking 60 tons 200.0 pounds 600 6 100 (May 24-31) Cherries (shipping varieties): Picking 120 tons 180.0 pounds 1,334 25 54 Packing 120 tons 225.0 pounds 1,091 25 44 Grapes: Sulphuring 14 , f u / acres fi II OK CO 98 Peaches (clingstone): Thinning l,OoD acres 2.0 acres CIO 518 25 21 Pears: Spraying 920 acres t 2.0 acres 460 25 19 Blight control 920 acres + 230 25 10 Plums: Thinning 1,015 acres . 0.33 acre 3,076 12 257 (May 1-15) Strawberries: Picking 476.000 crates 15.0 crates 31,734 25 1.270 Totals .r 59,767 25 2,391 man-months June Alfalfa: Mowing with teams 2,500 acres'! 7.5 acres 334 26 13 Mowing with tractors 2,500 acres + 20.0 acres 125 26 5 Raking 5,000 acres + 15,0 acres 334 26 13 Shocking 5,000 acres + 30.0 acres 167 26 7 Stacking 4,167 tons-r 10.0 tons 417 26 17 Baling 7,500 tons t 8.0 tons 938 26 37 Grain: Harvesting with 18,000. acresT combine 7.0 acres 2,572 26 99 Hops: Training vines 1,404 acres 0.5 acre 2,808 13 217 (June 1-15) Tomatoes: Hoeing 8,250 acres 1.0 acre 8 ,250 26 318 Apricots: Picking 179 tons 1,000.0 pounds 358 13 28 (June 15-30) Cutting for drying 52 tons 600.0 pounds 174 13 14 (June 15-30) Other dry-yard labor 45 tons • ♦ 50 13 4 (June 15-30) Cherries (canning varieties): Picking 60 tons 200.0 pounds 600 6 100 (June 1-7) Table continued on next page. • - } ■ i \ . * * -: i ^ - i . 1 ■ * -i... r. .... Teble 3 continued* Oiitniit r^oy* wuupiUv' pcx aVCUUXX KifiJ. " V CX.X X dtJX C f^cm-iXI flUiillJcI UrUU cLIlU uCiOi\ \^ U± U^^'k^ .Iv mA n— rifiv days of \A/n i^Wp * \J X. WUXzVCXO J une r'V>£3v»v»* AC? 1 oV^T r^YTi VICT XT d Y*^ t ol* ( con't • ) X X O AX Ii^ 30 tons 1 flO 0 nnunH <^ 'Sfi f Junp 1 -7 ^ I^aW AX lig PP*^ O '^rviinHc P7'z, / •J D AA f Tnnp 1 _7 ^ 14- 707 Af.rpc? 11 f 451 Peaches ( clingstone ) i inmning X , uoo acres c»u acres 0X0 10 yt/une xo— ou j *± \J W CtOX CD P 0 fi f* V* P <5 G i/ DXXgllL OUfiLlUX Q ?0 a(^r»Po CLL/X Co PA Q X XUIlIp • £^Xv./J\Xli^ R A t rM'^ C! 700 0 nrii jnH 1 Ol P X f wX C PA f^7 POO rr^tpciT "1^ O f*y»atpo Xv^aW UXCtifCO A AftO 1 1 low CO X 1 o Tnt A 1 Pfi fiSS PA CO Tnl V nX X CXX X CL • ii/lv^ WXIlg Wj.L>Xt LC CXllJO P son Af*r*pc: 'f' ^ Q y» ct o PA CD X o ulUWXlJlg, WX l/Il H CiL* UUI P son Pif*r'f>ci I PO O a/^Y»PO 1 PS X CO PA CD w R n Vi n cf 2 V O-Ja X Z 1 ^ S 000 arrpcj + v^yWWW Ct'wXCo * 1 S 0 v»cici X •J • W CLwA. PA CD X o O I iiJ ^ AX I IK S 000 fipvpci T "^O O fti^T^PO 1 A7 PA CD 7 + ft ^* Vi yi (T A 1 fi7 tone; + loot nnc! AT 7 tx f PA CD 1 7 X f RaI 1 HIT 7 *S00 ton«5 + PA S 000 Af, i^ps P *. 0 PLC yp 2, 500 fiT'A in* Ha t'Vp*^ "t,i np" wi "t-Vi \j\JUlUl. lie 1 »\J Ci-U X c o PA CO o IIX 1^1^ !IIC [I u AS 0 1 11 crc; PA CD A D Anyi cots : Pi cki tip* 76 tons 1 000.0 nnunHci ^ f \J \JK/ * \J ^ \J \^ i i\l O 152 1 P f .Till V 1 _1 5 WUUbXll^ l.v/1 UXJ^Xll^ 77 D \ J uxy X— X 0 V ■^O toMo 1 7 O ^ Ti 1 T tr 1 on ^ X X^o \\J UXICX UXlCLXX XVdUU UtX / • X X ^ X\X 11 g 1 aOO rratpc; X O -m\J L/IcttCo ou PA A *± riv»Q np c!" 5NiiTrihnr*ivicr VT X CL^ CO* WLIXpiilXIXIl^ TA 707 ftr*r»pc il P Prl_T*c; • Pt If T yi a X CCkX O* X XOIVXilg P 7riO t one; 1 POO O nnnnri c; PA 1 77 X / 1 Plnmc" Pi(^V"incr X XUIIlo • X XL'XvXiig PidQ t ririQ Ortw' LUllo /uu»u pounus 9 /I P A Tnt P 1 c; X U Lc*.X o 1 7 '^AC X / , O'iC QA CD 668 man-months August Al fa.! Ta,! Mo wine with tpfim ^X W hJXV man— dav iiiw^xx \x^#v^y man— davs days w X XVVi' X w Of* "f nhipy WW Lr W W C X 630 tons'H' 2.5 tonstl" 252 8 32 (October I-IO) ( cont/ • ) 1 0 t nn "f 1" Q o 630 tons+-'/'t d p h V d T* o 1* • * 378 12 32 (October 1-15) S5of t. T ne* 280 tons -i^ 5 .0 tons 56 12 5 (October 1-15) Walnuts: Knocking and picking 294,938 pounds 200.0 Dounds 1 , 475 24 62 Totals 57 , 570 24 Beans: Threshing bv "nick— ud" 500 acres "t" 4 .0 acre «5 125 24 6 AnTif^nTR! P n 1 n i?" W luf V C^WX vO 0 PS acrp vy • Xu \/ C4i\.^ X w 1 , 540 24 65 urapes- x^iCKxng anu pacicing in field for shipment. o , Dcy ±ugs X£i*U lugs n on Its bU ^N0vemDer x-xo) Pi cki Yis. for wi nerie s E.nd drvi ns 4.500 tons 1 * S t. o n c! 3,000 24 125 Olives: Picking for nickline 117 tons 275.0 Dound"? 1 , 125 24 47 Psars: Prunine X w ^I^X 1^ * XX VA X X ^ xxps 306 acres 0 * ?S iif.r'P V/ * W X w 1 , 224 24 51 ^ X Totals 7 , 734 24 ^10 mfi — mon the; wXv/ IllCxii tll\>ytl UllO De cember Aoricots: Prunine XX k/ X AV^W/Uk^a X X <>A4XJ.XX^ 1 ^ fi OTPc; J. (--' V..' w X «-> ^ X ^ J. u Olivpc;; PiriVTncr fmr nil inO tnnc: son T ft Peaches (clingstone): Pruning 155 acres "f" 0.25 acre 620 18 35 Pears: Pruning 307 acres 0.25 acre 1,228 18 69 Spraying 230 acres t" 2.0 acres 115 18 7 Plums: Pruning 51 acres -f 0.5 acre 102 18 6 Prunes: Pruning 253 acres 0.25 acre 1.012 18 57 1 Totals 4.089 18 228 man-months *0n a monthly basis unless otherwise noted* T iSstimated portion of job done by seasonal workers. ^Twenty per cent added to allow for replanting needs. <^ Hop pruning, stringing, etc. , estimated to require a total of 6 man-days per acre, one-third of the job in March and two-thirds in April.