LIBRARY '■ CALIFORNIA DAVIS THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA partment of Water Resources BULLETIN No. 94-4 LAND AND WATER USE IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT Prelimindry Edition EDMUND G. BROWN Governor State of California DECEMBER 1962 WILLIAM E. WARNE Adminisfraior The Resources Agency of California ond Director Department of Water Resources Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation and Omidyar Network http://www.archive.org/details/landwateruseinsm944cali m^. state of California THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA Department of Water Resources BULLETIN No. 94-4 LAND AND WATER USE IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT Preliminary Edition DECEMBER 1962 EDMUND G. BROWN WILLIAM E. WARNE Governor Administrator State of California ^''® Resources Agency of California and Direcfor Department of Water Resources FOREWORD The State Legislatiire requested the Department of Water Resources to make a current Inventory of the water resources and water requirements of the State in greater detail and to higher standards than has previously been done. Results of this inventory will be presented in two series of reports covering: (l) land and water use, and (2) water resources and water requirements . For purposes of this inventory, the State has been divided into major hydrographic areas. These areas, in turn, have been subdivided into hydrographic units generally comprising watersheds of individual rivers. Basic data on present water uses, together with the appeirent claim of water right attached thereto, present land uses, history of land and water uses, and the classification of lands will be presented separately for each hydro- graphic unit in the series of reports on land and water use. The determination of available water resources and water require- ments, based on economic development at specific intervals of time, will be reported in the series of reports on water resources and water require- ments, to be prepared for each of the major hydrographic areas. This land and water use report covers the watersheds of Smith River and various small coastal streams between the California-Oregon state line and the Klamath River, and is the fourth of the Bulletin 9^ series, This report is a preliminary edition. After a public hearing is held in the Smith River sirea, the final report will be prepared and presented to the Legislatirre. TABLE OF COi TENTS Page FOREWORD iii LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL x ACKKOWLEDGMENT xi ORGANIZATICK, DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES xii ORGANIZATIOl, CALIFORNIA WATER CCM4ISSICN xiii CHAPTER I. INTR0DUCTIC»1 , 1 Orgainization of Report , 2 General Description of Area 3 Location 3 Historical and Present Development 5 Natural Features 15 Climate • Id Water Resources ,<,o 20 CHAPTER II. WATER USE , . 23 Water Rights 24 Surface Water Diversions 25 Numbering System for Surface Water Diversions 2? Description of Surface Water Diversions 27 Records of Surface Water Diversions 37 Index to Surface Water Diversions 39 Imports and Exports 39 Consimptive Use 39 Page CHAPTER III. LAND USE k'J Historical Land Use h^ Present Land Use k& Methods and Procedxires ^9 Irrigated Lands 52 Naturally High Water Table Lands 56 Dry-Farmed Lands 56 Urban Lands 58 Recreational Lands 58 Native Vegetation 59 CHAPTER IV. LAND CLASSIFICATION 6I Methods and Procedures 6I Major Categories of Land Classes 6k Irrigable Lands 6h Urban Lands 65 Recreational Lands 65 Miscellaneoiis Lands 6^ CHAPTER V. SUMMARY 71 Water Use 71 Land Use 72 Land Classification 73 vi TABLES Table No. Page 1 Areas of Subunits in Smith River Hydrographic Unit 3 2 Precipitation at Selected Stations in or Near Smith River Hydrographic Unit 19 3 Summary of Temperature Data at Selected Stations in or Near Smith River Hydrographic Unit ... 21 k Summary of Runoff Data, Smith River Near Crescent City 21 5 Descriptions of Surface Water Diversions in the Smith River Hydrographic Unit 29 6 Summary of Use and Measixrements of Svirface Water Diversions in Smith River Hydrographic Unit in 1958 38 7 Monthly Records of Siirface Water- Diversions in Smith River Hydrographic Unit ^I-O 8 Index to S\irface Water Diversions in Smith River Hydrographic Unit kh 9 Land Use in Smith River Hydrographic Unit ... 50 10 Irrigated Lands in Smith River Hydrographic Unit 53 11 Land Classification Standards 62 12 Classification of Lands in Smith River Hydrographic Unit 69 ILLUSTRATiaiS Page Redwoods in Del Norte County 4 Junction of Smith River and South Fork Smith River 4 Lumber Loading, Crescent City Harbor 7 Fishing Boats in Crescent City Harbor 7 Del Norte County Coastline 14 Beach Near Crescent City 14 Crescent City Diversion from Smith River 26 Trout Haven Diversion from Monkey Creek 26 Example of Land Use Delineated on Aerial Photograph 51 Grazing Dairy Herd on Smith River Plain 57 Easter Lily Field Along Del Norte Coast 57 Example of Land Classification Delineated on Aerial Photograph . . 66 Campers at Madrona Forest Camp APPENDIXES Appendix 68 Swimming in Smith River 68 FIGURES Figure No. 1 Farm Income, Smith River Hydrographic Unit 13 2 1958 Land Use 74 3 Classification of Lands 74 A STATEWIDE WATER RESOURCES AND WATER REQUIREMENTS PROGRAM A-1 B REFEREMCES AND REPORTS a^l RELATED INVESTIGATIONS .... B-1 C LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS C-1 viii APPENDIXES (Continued) Appendix Page D DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN SURFACE WATER DIVERSIC^S D-1 PLATES (Plates bound at end of bulletin) Plate No. 1 Location of Unit 2 Land and Water Use 3 Classification of Lands IX WIILIAM E. WARNE B. ABBOn GOLDBERG Chief Deputy Director REGINALD C. PRICE Deputy Director Policy NEELY GARDNER ALFRED R. GOLZE Chief Engineer EDMUND G. BROWN GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA WILLIAM E. WARNE ADDRESS REPLY TO P. O. Box 388 Sacramento 2, Calif. THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES 1120 N STREET, SACRAMENTO December 3, 1962 Honorable Edmund G. Brown, Governor and Members of the Legislature of the State of California Gentlemen: I have the honor to transmit herewith preliminary report Bulletin No. 94-A, the fourth of a series of reports of the Department of Water Resources which present detailed basic data relative to land and water use and apparent water rights within certain hydrographic units of the State. This report, entitled "Land and Water Use in Smith River Hydrographic Unit," presents results of studies conducted pursuant to legislation sponsored by Senator Edwin J, Regan and codified under Section 232 of the Water Code. This series, when complete, will form an invaluable reference of the water resources of the State in relation to the various classes and uses of land resources. The information contained in this series of reports will provide a basis for future estimates of the amount of water which originates within each watershed, the amount which can be used beneficcLlly within each area, and the amount of surplus or deficiency, if any. The data presented in this bulletin will provide a factual basis for decisions of concerned interests regarding the development and use of the water resources of the Smith River Hydrographic Unit. In addition, the bulletin includes notes on the history, natural features, climate, and economy of the unit. Maps of present land use and land classification illustrate the text. All public and private agencies, local interests, and individuals who may be concerned with the information presented herein are invited to submit their comments. A public hearing will be held after due notice to receive comments which will be considered in preparing the final report. Sincerely yours. Director ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Department of Water Resources gratefully acknowledges information contributed by the numerous water visers and residents of the Smith River Hydrographic Unit and various agencies of the federal, state, and local governments. Special mention is made of the helpful cooperation of Mr. Elmer Dent, Del Norte County Farm Advisor, for his assistance in arranging and conducting a review of information published herein. While most of the pictures shown in this report were taken by the Department of Water Resources' photographers, some were fTjrnished by other agencies. Special thanks are given to State Division of Beaches and Parks for the use of photographs top page l4 and bottom page 68. STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES EIMUND G. BROWN, Governor WILLIAM E. WARNE, Administrator, The Resources Agency of California and Director, Department of Water Resources ALFRED R. GOLZE, Chief Engineer The investigation leading to this report was conducted by the Northern Branch under the direction of John R. Teerink Assistant Chief Engineer and John M. Haley Chief, Northern Brsinch This report was prepared by Leland R. Illingworth Suj^rvising Engineer Cheirles F. Kleine Senior Engineer and Roy N. Haley Senior Land and Water Use Analyst C. Wesley York Associate Engineer Jack E. Hodges Junior Civil Engineer Gardner E. Trefethen Water Resources Technician I Statewide aspects of the Water Resources and Water Requirements Program are coordinated under the direction of the Division of Resources Planning William L. Berry Division Engineer Meyer Kramsky Chief, Statewide Investigations Branch Carleton E. Plumb Chief, Planning Investigations Section CALIFORNIA WATER COMMISSION RALPH M. BRODY, Chairman, Fresno WILLIAM H. JFJWINGS, Vice Chairman, La Mesa JOHN W. BRYANT, Riverside JOHN P. BUNKER, Gustine IRA J. CHRISMAN, Visalia GEORGE FLEHARTY, Fresno JOHN J. KING, Petal uma NORRIS POULSON, Los Angeles MARION R. WALKER, Ventura WILLIAM M. CARAH Executive Secretary GEORGE B. GLEASON Principal Engineer CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION This bulletin presents basic data on land and vater use in the Smith River watershed and adjacent smaller watersheds. These watersheds axe designated herein as the Smith River Hydrographic lAiit. The data cover present land and water use, classification of lands, systems used to divert surface water from Smith River and its tributaries and from the smaller adjacent watersheds, histories of diversions, apparent water rights perti- nent to each diversion, purpose and extent of use of diversions, seasonal quantities of water diverted during 1958^ and an estimate of present con- svmptive use of water in the unit. A general description and a brief history of the area are also included. These basic data were gathered during the period 1958-^0 in compliance with Chapter 6l, Statutes of 1956, as amended by Chapter 2025, Statutes of 1959, and codified in Section 232 of the Water Code of the State of California. This legislation provides for an inventory of water resources £ind water requirements of the State. This is the fourth of a series of bulletins to be prepared under this authorization. The text of Section 232, with a discussion of its history and implications, is included in this biilletin as Appendix A. These data will provide the basis for a future determination of the quantities of water reasonably required for future beneficial \ise within the Smith River Hydrographic IMit. Preliminary estimates have been made and presented in State Water Resources Board Bulletin No. 2, "Water Utiliza- tion and Requirements of California." The final determinations of these water requirements will be based on estimates of: (l) future land use, (2) economic patterns, (3) population, {k) industrial and agricultiiral development, and (5) recreational needs. The data presented herein have been reviewed in preliminary form by representatives of Del Norte County, farm advisors, and local water xisers. These groups submitted changes which were reviewed in the field, and adjustments were made vrfiere warranted. Organization of Report This bulletin is basically a compilation of data in the form of • tables and plates with supplemental explanatory text. The report is divided into five chapters and four appendixes and contains three plates. Chapter I contains a general description and a brief history of the Smith River Hydrographic Unit. Chapter II presents data on surface water diversion systems, related water rights information, measiirements of quantities of water diverted, and an analysis of consumptive use. Chapter III includes a history of land use within the unit and tables of present land use. Maps prepared in connection with Chapters II and III delineate the areas of various present land uses and the locations of diversion systems. Chapter IV includes a tabulation of lands classified with regard to their potential for irrigated agriculture and for recreational purposes. Maps prepared for this chapter delineate the respective classes of land grouped into several major categories. Chapter V simmarizes the report. Appendix A presents the text of Section 232 of the California Water Code and a discussion of the pertinent responsibilities and work program of the Department of Water Resources. Appendix B is a bibliography of publications pertinent to the Smith River Hydrographic Unit. Appendix C presents a short summary of California water law and a tabulation of applica- tions to appropriate water in the unit. Appendix D presents details of two diversions which could not be adequately described in tables contained in Chapter II. -2- General Description of Area Location The Smith River Hydrographic Unit consists of 779 square miles of Del Norte Coimty lying northwesterly of the Klamath River watershed, as shown on Plate 1, Location of Unit. The Smith River and its tributaries, rising on the western slope of the Siskiyou Mountains, comprise the primary drainage system of the imit. This unit also includes those portions of the watersheds of the Illinois River and the Winchuck River within California and several small streams which flow directly into the Pacific Ocean between the Smith River and the Klamath River. The hydrographic unit is bounded on the north by the California- Oregon border, on the east and south by the drainage divide separating the Klamath and Smith Rivers, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. For the purpose of this report, the Smith River Hydrographic Unit has been divided into nine subunits. Location of these subunits are shown on Plate 1, and the area of each is shown in Table 1. TABLE 1 AREAS OF SUBUNITS IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT Subunit : In acres ; ; In square miles Illinois River 37,600 59 Middle Fork 101,200 158 Mill Creek 23,500 37 North Fork i^3,^00 68 Rowdy Creek 20,J+00 32 Smith River Plain 61,100 95 South Fork 187,200 292 Wilson Creek 12,600 20 Winchuck River 11,600 18 Totals 498,600 779 -3- Redwoods in Del Norte County Junction of Smith River and South Fork Smith River Historical and Present Development "I encamped where there was very little grass and near where the Mountain made a rapid descent to the north rough and ragged with rocks. I went to the brink of the hill and when the fog cleared away for a moment I could see the country to the north extremely mountainous, along the shore of the Ocean those mountains somewhat lower. For all appear- ances I came to the conclusion I must move in again toward the coast." Diary of Jedediah Smith, May 28, l828. Thus did Jedediah Smith, pathfinder, trapper, first American to travel the overland route across the desert and mountains from the Mississippi to California, describe the covintry of the Smith River. In May 1828, on his second joximey through the uncharted wilderness of what was then Mexico, Smith viewed this area from its southern edge. He was the first American to do so. A few weeks later, he had passed northward through the redwood forest and forded the rushing river which today bears his name. It was the quest for gold, one of the unit's natiiral resoiorces, that opened the coimtry of the Smith River to settlement. In I85O, ships searching for a sea approach to the gold fields of the Trinity River explored Crescent Bay. ttotil then, the coast of this country was almost as unknovm as the primitive forests and mountains back of it. Seventy-five years earlier, Spaniards sailing north along the California coast had charted Point St. George, near -v^at is now Crescent City, but apparently had not touched shore. Follow- ing this Spanish exploration, ships of several nations began to ply coastal waters from Monterey to Alaska, their crews trading for fur with the Indians along the coast. This fur trade reached its peak in about 18OO, but had almost vanished by the late l8^0's, when the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill opened a completely new era of exploration. other major coramerical endeavors, now prevalent in the hydrographic unit, also had their start in the early formative years of the economic developnent of the unit. Food required by the miners in their quest for gold was supplied from local farms as early as I857. The limber industry began in the early part of l853, and the first exportation of lumber from Crescent City occurred in l859' The recreation potential of the area was noted in the 1850' s, when a resort was established near the town of Gasquet, which at that time was a stage station on the Smith River wagon route to the inland settle- ments and mines. With the spread of mining activities into the northwest comer of California, the natural anchorage at Crescent Bay became a chief shipping and distributing point. In February l853> surveyors laid out the town site of Crescent City. Within three months, incoming settlers had established a sawmill; and within a year, the population of the area had inci^ased to about 1,000 persons. Crescent City was incorporated in 185^4-, and became the county seat in I857 when Del Norte County was formed from the since-dissolved Klamath County. From March through May of that year, 1,71? persons disembarked from ships stopping at the city, and crews unloaded 1,278 tons of freight. Crescent City served the camps and diggings of the gold miners scattered through- out northwest California and southern Oregon. During the period following the original influx of gold seekers in the l850's, and continuing until I89O, Crescent City and her environs had a transient population which varied according to the special economic demands for mineral and timber products. The period 189O-I92O, however, saw a some- what static economy supporting a population of about 1,000 people. The next ko years saw a general growth in the Crescent City area, except during the depression years of the 1930' s when the population dwindled from 1,700 to Lumber Loading, Crescent City Harbor Fishing Boats ^«3j-a::-i^?!ES!!!^^ in Crescent City Harbor about 1,300 by 1914-0. With the advent of World Wax II, the economy of the area began to climb; and the population in and around Crescent City experienced an increase to about i*-,500 people in 1950, and to about 9>800 people in I96O. Since 1920, this same trend has been experienced throughout the entire Smith River Hydrographic Unit. It vas estimated that in 1920 there vere some 2,300 people in the imit. The 1930 population of 4,100 in the unit decreased to about 4,000 in 19^0, and then increased to 6,700 in 1950, and to 15,100 in i960. The unit's second largest community. Fort Dick, is located 8 miles north of Crescent City. This community is a scattered, unincorporated area, having its center about one-half mile west of the present U. S. Highway 101, and about a mile south of Smith River. As lumber mills, large dairies, and other indiistries rose along the coastal plain, Fort Dick grew euLong the old U. S. Highway 101 euid developed into a residential community intermixed with farms and businesses. The impetus of this growth can best be shown by the increase in population as indicated by the 1950 and 1960 census figures, which report a population of about 1,200 for 1950 and about 3,100 for 196O. Smith River, one of the older towns in the hydrograjihic unit, is typical of communities affected by the growth of agricultural industry. Like Ci^scent City, 13 miles to the south. Smith River, which lies at the Junction of Dominie and Rowdy Creeks in the northeast portion of the Smith River plain, had its beginning in August I853, when the first settlers built a few cabins at this site. The town, which chiefly serves a fanning area, did not grow as rapidly as Crescent City, and by 188O consisted only of a store, a hotel, a blacksmith shop, and two dwellings. By 189^, however, it had grown to a hundred homes and business houses, the chief of which housed the Ci-escent Creamery. The creamery at that time had a daily milk-processing capacity of -8- about ^4-0,000 pounds. Since that time, the dairy industry has contributed substantially to the economy of Smith River. For some years however, timber products have been the major source of income to the community. The growth of Smith River has been most rapid since World War II, due to the expansion of the lumber industry. This trend is indicated by the increase in population from 900 in I950 to about 2, OCX) in I96O. The community of Gasquet, which dates back to the l850's when it was a stage station and holstery on the Smith River wagon route to the inland settlements and mines, is a recreational community situated at the junction of the Middle and North Forks of Smith River. Here, where the climate is very sunny and mild, and the fishing excellent, a favorite resort area has flourished for years. While still primarily a recreational area, Gasquet has increasingly become the residential choice of many people who prefer to live in its warmer climate, and commute to work in the less sunny coastal belt near Crescent City. Ihis is best indicated by the fact that the permanent residents in I960 niambered 240, twice the number living there in 1950. Gold mining, the main enticement for early settlers, remained the backbone of activity in the Smith River Hydrographic Unit for about 15 or 20 years. Until about I868, the miners made a number of profitable strikes along the tributaries of the Smith River, in addition to scouring the more productive areas in the Klamath River Basin to the east. By I868, however, easy gold had become scarce, and althoxigh an occeisional placer mine is still worked, gold mining today has been relegated to a position of lesser import- ance to the economy of the area. During most of the past 20 years, chromite, a prime source of chromium, has brought more income to the unit than any other single mineral product. Chromite production, however, has dropped sharply since 1957> due to the federal government's discontinuance of stockpiling this mineraJ.. -9- The mineral industry, due largely to the production of sand and gravel and chromite, is presently the third most important industry in the hydrographic unit. The production of seind eind gravel, accounted for about 75 percent of the total income from minerals within the unit during 1958. This activity, which is closely related to general expansion, reflects the rapid economic growth of the area dxiring the last few years. Other minerals occurring within the hydrographic unit, and which in the past have been mined in significant quantities include copper, pro- duced at the Alta Copier Mine near the head of Copper Creek, and mercury. Deposits of platinum, clay, and silver have been also developed, although to a lesser extent. In addition, deposits of manganese, graphite, coal, iron, mortzite, and nickel exist within the hydrographic unit. However, these are not present in large commercial quantities and therefore have limited importance in the mineral industry. Just as the fur trader gave way to the miner in the early history of the Smith River Hydrographic Itoit, so also did the miner give way to the Ixjmberjack. The exportation of lumber began in 1859 when a sawmill with a daily capacity of ^4-0, 000 board feet was built at Crescent City. About 325,000 acres, or sixty-five percent of the hydrographic unit, are commercial timber lands, estimated by the U. S. Forest Service to contain about 12.2 billion board feet of saw-timber. This commercial timber is composed of three main types: redwood, Douglas fir, and some stands of intermixed true fir, pine, and Douglas fir. Small amounts of other conifers, including sitka spruce, western hemlock, and several varieties of cedar, also grow in the unit. There are also hardwoods such as Oregon myrtle, red alder, giant chinquapin, madrone, big leaf maple, and several varieties of oak. -10- The forests of Smith River Hydrographic Unit, in addition to being its greatest natural resource, have long been the mainstay of its economy. The limber industry remained small after its inception in l853 until addi- tional sawmills were constructed in I869 and I872. In I889, 11.5 million board feet of lumber were exported from the hydrographic imit. This shipping of lumber assured Crescent City's continued importance to the surrounding area. In I9OO, -ftie Hobbs-Wall Company established two mills which produced as much as 1^0 million board feet a year. This production represented the biilk of the lumber output of the hydrographic unit until 1939? when this company went out of business. When the Hobbs-Wall Company failed, the annual lijmber production in the unit dropped to 22 million board feet, its lowest level since I9OO. However, with the outbreak of World War II, production began to grow steadily, so that by I9W the output again reached 100 million board feet per year. The present-day pattern of the lumber industry in the Smith River Hydrographic Unit began to develop about 1950, when the production of veneer, plywood, and remanufactured lumber commenced. The number of plants making these special products increased from three in 1950, with an output of 30 million board feet, to 12 in 1959> with a production of I80 million board feet. The total limber output amounted to about 120 million board feet in 1950 and to about 435 million board feet in 1959. About 85 percent of the present output of lumber within the hydrographic unit is produced in the vicinity of Crescent City, as compared to only 60 percent of the production in 1950. With the improvement of U. S. Highway 101, a considerable amount of plywood and veneer, items which axe subject to damage from ocean spray, are -11- nov trucked from the unit. However, about 90 percent of the lumber output continues to be shipped by water from the Ci-escent City Harbor, with the bulk of it going to Hawaii and Southern California. Agriculture has continxjed since the early years to be the second largest industry in the Smith River Hydrographic Unit. Agricultural activi- ties to supply food locally were considerable as early as l857» At that time, the production of grain and fruit was prominent, but by 1880, dairying had become the chief activity. Some ^1-93, 000 pounds of butter were exported from Crescent City in I889. The predominant use of land for dairy pasture established an agri- cultural pattern in the hydrographic \mit which has remained relatively unchanged for three-quarters of a century. For many years irrigation was not considered necessary in this area "because of the extremely wet climate. Following the introduction of irrigation during the 19^0' s, a significant new development in the agricult\rral pattern occurred. In 195^j this new activity, the commercial raising of lily bulbs and flowers, occupied only about 150 acres of irrigated land, and contributed about 25 percent of the total farm income. However, between 195'^- and. 1959 the income from these products increased fourfold, and in spite of increases in dairying and other farm sales, became the main item of farm income in the Smith River Hydrographic Unit. Figure 1 illustrates this rapid growth and the increase in total farm income during those years. Today lily bulbs and flowers are sent from the hydrographic unit to all parts of the country and overseas. Although bulbs and flowers are oftentimes shipped from Crescent City by air, the majority of the agricultural products are treuisported to their locaJ. and Northern California markets by truck. The distance to market has always been a limiting factor in developing -12- Fig. I. FARM INCOME SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT $2,000,000 50% $1.000.000- --25^; 56% 19% 33% 17% LEGEND BULBS AND FLOWERS DAIRY PRODUCTS MISCELLANEOUS CROPS 1954 1959 an export market for agricultural products from the area. Since the hydro- graphic unit does not have rail service, and with the nearest rail terminals located in Areata, 75 miles to the south, and in Grants Pass, Oregon, 8? miles to the northeast, consumer goods enter the area aJLmost entirely by truck and ship. While recreation is still one of the smaller activities contributing to the econoiTiy of the Smith River Hydrographic Unit, it has kept pace with the general development of the unit. With improved accessibility by roads, recreation seems destined to become a major factor in the economy of the hydrographic unit. Numerous travelers pass throi:igh the unit along the famous Redwood Highway, many of whom come to fish, picnic, camp, or hunt. About 20,000 persons a yeai" visit Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, a protected stand of virgin forest named for the pathfinder. Many -13- Del Norte ->*""~ County Coastline Beach near Crescent City 'Jm also visit the two smaller state parks within the iinit. In addition, about 100,000 tourists annually are drawn to the vmit by its national and privately owned forests. While most of these visitors are from California, there are also many tourists from other states and foreign countries. The inflow of such tourists is a great benefit to the economy of the unit. Fishing continues to attract visitors to the hydrographic unit. Many come from hundreds of miles to fish for the salmon and steelhead trout found in local streams. Others head for the coast where clam digging has its enthiis lasts, and surf and ocean fishing are popiilar. Commercial ocean fishing has become an indxjstry which provides the hydrographic unit with an annual income varying from about half a million to over a million dollars. From year to year, the annual catch varies in q\iantity and kind. Salmon has been the most consistent principal variety in recent years, but other important varieties are crab and sole. Ocean shrimp, albacore and lingcod are taken in smaller, but significant quantities. Natural Featijres The general topography of the Smith River Hydrographic Unit can be divided into two general types: (l) the Smith River Plain, an emerged marine terrace with low relief extending generally along the coastline of the Pacific Ocean; and (2) the nagged inland Klamath Mountains. The Smith River Plain covers aboiit 60 square miles, extends generally north and south from the town of Smith River to Crescent City, and inland 3 to 5 miles from the ocean to the base of the relatively low mountains. Nfotmtains comprise about 90 percent of the total land area of the Smith River Hydrographic Unit. Although elevations exceeding 5>000 feet occur only on the eastern edge of the \mit (the highest point in the \init is the -15- peak of Bear Mo\mtaln at an elevation of 6,h-00 feet), the terrain is very rough and difficult to traverse except on the secondary road system of the populated Smith River Plain and the two main state highways leading through the moimtains. U. S. Highway 101 provides north and south connections along the coast, and U. S. Highway 199 generally follows the Smith River north- easterly from the coastal plain to intersect U. S. Highway 99 at Grants Pass, Oregon. The Smith River Hydrographic Unit is located within two physiographic provinces of California. The Smith River Plain along the coast is entirely within the Northern Coast Ranges physiographic province, while the inland mountains surrounding it on the north and east are in both the Northern Coast Ranges and the Klamath Mountains provinces. The geologic formations of the Smith River Plain range in age from Jvirassic to Recent. Rocks of Jurassic age, consisting mainly of arkose, chert, and schist, constitute the bedrock \inderlying the plain and also form the inland mountains. Overlying the Jurassic bedrock throughout most of the Smith River Plain is the Battery formation, consisting of fine sand and silty clay. Its average thickness is about 35 feet. In the vicinity of Crescent City, the St. George formation lies between the Jurassic bedrock and the Battery formation. The St. George formation is of marine origin and is composed of sandstone and shale. In localized areas, the Jurassic rocks are overlain directly by unconsolidated Pleistocene river terrace deposits or Recent flood plain deposits. The terrace deposits occur in several areas: (l) along the Smith River upstream from U. S. Highway 101; (2) in the vicinity of Fort Dick, \rtiere the largest terrace covers 5 to 6 square miles; and (3) a narrow strip north of the Smith River. Recent flood plain deposits form the present Smith River flood plain, and vary in width from a few feet near the junction of the South Fork with the -16- main Smith River, to about a mile at Fort Dick, and to about k miles near the tidal mouth of the river. Recent alluvial fan deposits are located on a narrow, almost continuous strip along the foot of the raoimtains. The rocks of the inland mountain ranges are principally Jurassic and Cretaceous shale, sandstone, conglomerate, greenstone, and ultrabasic rocks, the last in part altered to serpentine. In the western part of the moimtains, younger Tertiary shale, siltstone, and gravel deposits occur at high elevations. Farther east, granitic rocks are present. The Tertiary materials are relatively undeformed, but the older rocks are highly folded and faiilted. Soils suitable for agricultural developments within the Smith River Hydrographic Unit are restricted, for the most part, to the Smith River Plain. The soils of the plain were formed largely from alluvial deposits but vary markedly because of differences in their ages. The major soil body found in this area belongs to the older allu- vial or terrace grouping. These terrace soils are located generally along U. S. Highway 101 and extend the entire length of the plain. They have a relatively fine texture, an acid reaction and, under the existing condition of high rainfall, a moderately good internal drainage. Many parcels of the land mantled with these terrace soils originally afforded a lush stand of redwood forest, but presently support both irrigated and non-irrigated grain and pasture. The more recent allirvial soils are found in the lower flood plains immediately adjacent to the Smith River, and are generally rather coarse texture, well drained, and readily suited to irrigation developnent. However, some risk might be anticipated as the area is subject to flooding and erosion. North of Crescent City, a high water table and s\irface flooding affect many isolated pockets of land inland from the coastal sand dunes and -17- along the margins of Lake Earl. These lands afford small acreage for late summer and fall grazing. Immediately west of Lake Earl lies an area of extremely coarse- textiired, relatively infertile soil. The soil lies upon the characteristi- cally hummocky surface of wind -deposited sand dunes; and, because of the relief and a low-range moisture retention, it is difficiolt to irrigate. Climate The Smith River Hydrographic Unit is one of the wettest sections of California. The average annual precipitation varies from about 60 inches at Point St. George, the westernmost coastaJ. point, to over 125 inches at some of the higher inland points. In general, the precipitation in the hydrographic unit is largely orographic in nature, increases with elevation, and at any given elevation is somewhat greater on the windward (southwest) slopes of the mountains. Approximately 75 percent of the precipitation occurs from November 1 through ^darch 31^ and aboirt; 90 percent from October 1 throtigh April 30. Although the percentage of summer precipitation is small, coastal areas of the unit usually receive some rainfall in both July and August. Snowfall, which is closely related to elevation, varies in the Smith River Hydrographic Unit from a negligible amoiint along the coast, to 28 inches at the 1,700-foot elevation of Elk Valley, to 126 inches at the 2,420-foot elevation of Monumental. The average lowest elevation at which there is snow on the ground on April 1 is approximately U,000 feet. Maximum and minimum recorded seeisonal precipitation, and estimates of 50-year mean seasonal precipitation at selected stations within or adjacent to the Smith River Hydrographic Unit are shown in Table 2. The extremes shown are the highest and lowest seasonal precipitations observed -18- during the period of record indicated for each station. The 50-year (1905-06 to 195^-55) mean seasonal values are estimates, except the recorded quantity- shown for the Orleans station, of the average depth of rainfall which would have been observed at these stations if they had been in existence during those year. It is considered that the values presented for the 50-year period are representative of long-term mean seasonal precipitation available to the unit. TABLE 2 PRECIPITATION AT SELECTED STATIONS IN OR NEAR SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT (in inches) Elevation: (in feet): Annual precipitat ion : Recorded : Estimated: : 50-year : Period of Station Maximum : Minimum record : : mean : Brookings, Oregon 80 107.62 (1937-38) 38.if8 (1923-21^) 77.36 1914-1959 Crescent City IN ^5 113.06 (1889-90) 51.76 (191,6-1^7) 62.57 1885-1909, 1946-1959 Crescent City 7ENE 125 107.77 (1920-21) 31^.52 (1923-24) 80.07 1913-19^5, 1953-1959 Crescent City llE 360 132.72 (1955-56) 71.68 (1954-55) 90.54 1947-1959 Elk Valley 1,711 118. J+4 (1955-56) 54.63 (1938-39) 76.25 1938-1959 Gasquet Rnnger Station 38U 125.89 (1955-56) 74.46 (1954-55) 85.57 1943-1959 Klamath 25 107.27 (1957-58) 55.87 (1946-47) 77.04 1941-1959 Orleans U03 81.93 (1903-04) 22.78 (1923-24) 47.84 1903-1959 -19- The climate of the Smith River Hydrographic IMit is influenced by- marine air masses, cold air drainage from higher elevations, and occasionally by drier air masses associated vith easterly winds. The Pacific Ocean, which is only 35 air miles from the most inland point in the unit, has a great moderating effect on the climate. However, this moderating influence is somewhat offset by the northerly latitude of the unit; and frost is more frequent here than in other coastal areas of the State. The danger of frost increases with elevation and with distance from the ocean. The moderate climate of the \mit is illustrated generally by the temperature data presented in Table 3- These data, with the exception of the frost-free period values, were taken from the "Climatic Summary of the United States — Supplement for 1931 through 1952," Bulletin W, published by the U. S. Weather Bureau. The values for the frost-free period were derived by the Department of Water Resources, and represent the average period between the last day in spring and the first day in the fall when the daily minimum temperature fell to 32 degrees Fahrenheit or below. Water Resources The Smith River is the only stream in the hydrographic unit for which a long record of rvinoff exists. This record is s\ipplled by a stream gaging station located a half-mile below the mouth of South Fork Smith River. The station, "Smith River near Crescent City," records a drainage area of 613 square miles, some 90 of which lie within that portion of the North Fork Smith River watershed which lies in Oregon. Relatively uniform from year to year, the runoff at this station totals about seven acre-feet per acre per year, probably the greatest runoff from an area of this size anywhere in CsLlifornia. Variations in flow within the year are also comparatively small. Table h summarizes the records for this station. -20- TABLE 3 SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE DATA AT SELECTED STATIONS IN OR NEAR SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT (1931-1952) (in degrees Fahrenheit) Station Elevation Average Jan. :July ; Annual Extreme : Average : Average : daily : frost-free High ; Lov ; variation: period Crescent City IN U5 Crescent City 7NE 125 Elk Valley 1,711 Happy Camp Ranger Station Orick - Prairie Creek Park I6I Orleans k03 hh.2 57.9 51.7 92 2k 46.1 62.2 <^k.k 100 19 36.3 65. U 50.2 105 1,090 39.0 73.1 55.9 115 42.8 59.6 51.9 95 19 4l.5 72.3 56.8 113 Ih 15.8 254 20.7 — 26.9 125 31.1 175 18.1 ___ 29.0 222 TABLE k SUMMARY OF RUNOFF DATA SMITH RIVER NEAR CRESCENT CITY (1931-37 and 1938-58) : Percent • Cubic Item of record : Acre -feet : of feet per : average second Average runoff for period of record Ffunoff in minimum y6ar of record, 1933-34 Runoff in maximum year of record, 1955-56 Runoff in maximum month, Janixary 1953 Maximxam instantaneous flow of record, December 22, I955 Minimum instantaneous flow of record, October 21, 1931 2,720,000 1,550,000 57 4,164,000 153 1,349,000 165,000 168 -21- During the 1957-58 water year, the year of this study, recorded runoff at this station totaled 3,769,000 acre-feet. Despite the fact that this amount was the third highest on record, and represented l4o percent of the average, the r\moff between May 1 and September 30, 1958, was only about 6o percent of the average for this period of maximum use. -22- CHAPTER II. WATER USE Some ^0 to 60 percent of the water presently used In the Smith River Hydrographlc Unit Is diverted from siirface runoff, and the remaining portion pumped from ground water. For this investigation a survey was made of the diversion and use of water from surface sources. Survey data reported herein Include locations euid descriptions of diversions, uses and amounts of water diveirbed, and Information on ax>perent water rights relative to dl-ver- sions. The criterion for inclusion of Individual diversions in this report is iriiether they apparently divert 10 acre-feet or more per yeeu:, regardless of the purposes served. Many of the small diversions omitted on this basis were those serving only one or a few domestic users. Quantities of water dlveirted during 19^8 were measured in order to fxirther describe the water use conditl<»is. The total sxirface water diverted is an extremely small fraction of the total runoff of the hydirographlc unit. The measured quantities do not necessarily represent average diversions, since during any single year the quantity diverted will be Influenced by precipitation during the growing season and the available streamflow. As stated in Chapter I, runoff in the Smith River, the source of the bulk of the sxirface runoff in the vinit, during the summer of 19^6 was only about 60 percent of the average. Considerations other than avail- able water supply, such as economic factors, may also affect the relation of any diversion record to typical operatizxg conditions. No attemgpt was made herein to assess these factors. The diversion q\iantitles repoirted herein generally represent the actual amovtnts of water taken from the respective sources, and therefore include recoverable and Irrecoverable losses incidental to the primary use. •23- Urbaxi water service in the unit is provided at Crescent City, Smith River, and Gasqiiet — all from surface water sources. Crescent City and the s^jacent urban area are served by the system belonging to the city; whereas Smith River and Gasquet, being \mincorporated, are served by small private and mutual water comranies* Xhe diversions which supply these three as well as a few smaller communities, are included in tabulations in this report. Of the rural domestic uses, most are supplied by individual wells, but same are supplied by diversion of surface waters. The location of water wells and the measurement of their production were not covered in this investigation. ISae areas of all Irrigated lands were determined and sure reported in Chapter III. Water Rights The nature cuul extent of all rights pertaining to the water supply of an area are an important consideration in the deteimination of the total water requirements of the area. This report, therefore, includes informa- tion about water rights in general and about rights of record within the Smith River Hydrographic Unit. Most of the water use in the Smith River Hydrographic Unit is based on riparian rights or on appropriative rights established imder the provisions of the Water Coomilsslon Act of 19Lk, As of June 28, i960, there were on file with the State Water Rights Boeird a total of 120 appli- cations to appropriate water from the streams of the unit. Fezmits or licenses had been granted on 113 of these applications, four were pending with the board, and three were incomplete as of that date. Two of the inccmplete applications, for storage of 1,235,000 Gwre-feet per annum at the proposed Canthook Reservoir on the South Fork Smith River, are held by the California Water Coninlssion under the provisions -2I+- of Section 10300 of the Water Code. The other II8 applications are for local use. Including the direct diversion of a total of abovxt 30 cubic feet per second emd diversion to storage of a total of 202 acre-feet per annum. The California Lav of Water Rights, as related to both surface and underground water, is described briefly in Appendix C. A tabulation of data relative to the applications on file with the State Water Rights Board is presented in ITable C-1 of Appendix C. Data pertaining to the apparent water rights exercised by the diversions described in this repoirt are presented in !Bable 5* Siirface Water Diversions An attempt was made during the survey to locate and obtain data with respect to all dLversions of more than 10 acre-feet per year. All diversions actxxally in use In 19^8, and those iriiich had been used within the preceding five years, were included. Qie date of last use, if knovm, was recorded for discontinued diversions. Systems for direct diversion, as well as those providing for significant surface st oarage, were located. All reservoirs which had surface area£ of about 3 acres or more were mapped. This size was considered the minlnnnn size that could be delineated on the aerial photographs used. Reservoirs located along, and operated in conjunction with, ditches and pipelines are shown on the land and water \ise maps, but are not considered as separate systems, and are not assigned locaticm numbers. Similarly, points at which canal systems intercept minor intermittent streams and receive small amounts of water in addition to the primary supply, are not considered as separate diversions. In some situations, water users have made efficient use of water supply by redl verting field runoff or spill collected from their own upstream -25- Crescent City Diversion ^"' ' frcan Smith River (17N/1W-13B1) I" - Trout Haven Diversion frcjm Monkey Cre* (17N/3E-3R1) diversion systems. In this investigation, such points of redi version are neither located on the maps nor assigned mmbers. If return flov from another water user's operation is redl verted, or if there is doubt as to the origin of the vater, the diversion is delineated and assigned a number* Diversion systems of water companies or groups of water users are considered as single units; indlvldtial customer distribution points are not shown on the maps. There were 62 diversions of siirface water located In the unit In 1933. Points of diversion and main ditches or pipelines used to convey water from them sire delineated on the 10 sheets of ELate 2, entitled "Land and Water Use." The diversions are listed in Table ^. Numbering System for Surface Water Diversions Surfcu:e water diversions are numbered to indicate their approxi*. mate location according to township, range, and section within the federal land svirvey system. In this report, each section is subdivided into l4-0-acre plots, and the diversions are numbered within each of these ii-O-acre plots according to the order in which they were located. This system is ill ustrated on Plate 2. For example, diversion 17N/2E-20KL, which is shown on Sheet 3 of Plate 2 labeled as "20R1," is the first diversion located in the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 20 In Township IT North, Range 2 East, Humboldt Base and Meridian (HB&M). Descriptions of Surface Water Diversions Description, history, and other information relating to surface water diversions were obtained by field inspection, by interview with water \isers or their representatives, and by reference to prior rejwrts and official records. This information is summarized in Table 5. Data In the table are -27- arranged by diversion location number within each subunlt. Each location niBnber is followed by the name of the owner, the source of water, the pur- poses of each diversion, the quantity of water diverted during 1958, the extent of use, such as the number of acres irrigated, and the method of application of water. If the purpose listed is not the usual use for that diversion, notation is made in the "remarks" column. The extent of domes- tic use is specified only when five or more connections are served. Stock- watering of less than 10 head of livestock is considered to be a domestic use. The extent of irrigation use is based on the land use survey described in Chapter III. The types of water rights under which the respective diversions are considered to be made are indicated in Table 5 under "apparent water right." Diversions apparently made under rights based on the appropriative doctrine (see Page C-5, Appendix C) are listed as "appropriative." Those diversions for which the conditions for riparian use as described in Appendix C appeirently prevail, but for which no appropriation was known to exist, are listed as "riparian." Diversions listed as appropriative may also be ripaxian, although no attempt was made in such cases to determine the ripaxian status. The actual ajnount of the right if established and known, and a reference to the source of the data, are also included under "apparent water right." In the case of aji appropriative right, the amount tabulated is that found in the filing, if any, or in the application, or in the latest permit or license which may have been issued in connection with the appli- cation. The reference given for an appropriation initiated after the effective date of the Water Commission Act of 191'+ is the number of the application on file with the State Water Rights Board. For appropriations prior to 191 *+, the reference, if known, is the book and page number of the official records of Del Norte County. Such filings were made in accordance with Sections lU-lO ajid 1^22 of the Civil Code, as enacted in I872, which preserved the priority -28- S o . ie-s ? . « 1 0^ E E ■act 1 • ^ "c ^ _^ ^ a^ in s v •& S T) a; ^tiv. i s »- Q* 1? g ..a ii s ^ E §« if c C Sj-g-j pfl !,& 5 S s ■3 Tig 1 i •ss •sj |iil U fi _ E fll? »58i V 1 ^-g-i"^ 1 ^1 i% •i Is m Ills ^2 2^ m 1 1I « :$ s 113 1 ^ ^ .-3 |oi|J ;s § 1 i. ll 1 oi 1 Is , I 1 2 s ^ •i d \ i H -< ^ I z 3 s 3 •s S s; 1 1 H 1 M :§ z: ;i ■n t'i S s 1 3 iX li S" ' E . £ g C n *. § g.i 1 5 If ^3° 1 r- 1 8'^ t li si s i 5"! If £2 1 1 1 si 1 li ll ' „ g S fe ? >. la s 1 1 1 5S 5S 5.1 1 £ ll 25 E 1 1 >* I 3 •0 a [. IK ll I"'. III > 3 1 a S3 n r 5 s t, J= .H 3 "I-l |il «5 •Ei || 3I 1 ; 1- Si is ^1 g-3 p 1^^ -29- SS. SS 85 ti'^t^ "^s. ts. t^ ti ¥}ih, :l ;l "i xj l^sSSSI |e P P i\ III:?: I^S^S^ St' s; s s iR II Ills £ : 3 : 1 i i i i n n n ^ It 3is ail llsi^ _L. s^ ?^ 1^ ^1 il u -30- "3§S . S = S 6 ri s3 * 8) -3 jj ill ill . .5 -i : 2 SQ^ §X) <^V'^ 'uc "*>c "^oS 'aS'o^ "oJo "S ;;st A-s- . " " 1 .^ s. }gi 1 ^o "■'^5' m" S'^.SS ': i;^ II S Is 1 »■« s 1 s 1 « -g^ 5 -Q ^ 3 5 |S2c 1 ^ ^ '^ " a 7 5 H 133 5 !i!:tl -S s § s 1 JS o 1 ■^ M ,^ " ? 5 3 1-0! J J a > . C t- :^ '-- i 1 3 " " T, § 8 -V Illf -p SiSa. 1 a> ~ c S i s O 3 p. H -3 g-->. ei!" 1 iS;^« 1 •2 1 "3 ? 1=11 "ll;^ ;; „-" 5 :i g •^ «.5S<1h i'^is c uu', ;h "^ ^ S;^ b3 1^ 8^"^ ■Si ^ ^ o C > ^ . E" § ° i^ C • 03 4) 4. p o !I-i s i °^n 1 c S b; § j-» *SfeS8| liallll fill .2 t nnii 1 pij J <- _a t^ ■2 s. ■£ ° ^ ^ tr U) a) j^ t£ o^ c tx ^ t* ^ "B o 5; S! S S "£ °, S ■3 sl^ s ° a u S £ tJ S^ u % ■S ° E S . o n S S •'^ s £ p S s 1 * E o c t S £ S 1^ 's5ir "b'^H 5° §:a si o'S "A. ^ !l ^ o- i !} i £ 3 y o 1 o o| ? g Sssilg ^is s R^a _ 1'^ It 11^ g -g ^ ^^ « -H "^ V \M t _t-H| :3 « x: to C *. o. S'tis-g § o ? "llPI Il'"^ . Jsi g..5g = A |a IsJ a r 1|I|| -f 51 cfi ll.las !gl| C^ OJ ^ M "^li •^-S-o" .-■^ ^ '^f -g ^11 ^5 s "^i: ^■a- > ^ -H £ 1 O a^. V e, g- s S"! S ll 1 || 1 i? s || 1 £ S S c o 1 ? "-? &"; " b 1 1 ^ 1 1 £ S £ 2 |-s;g i ^ c^ r- ^^ y 5 a B o - n Si o^ R i S ^ ■^ g; ^ ? S ? S o a ^ =e S '-• 2i ^ "■ ■^ ^ < .-1 "^ s -o % 3, •^ s » .c 1 S^ -4- 6 1 1 1 ~ ^ ■^ 1^ il" M .? a J° \ X J: ~ • a =: ■° a _ i c TTt s -% , c r i E • i 1 ^ * ■o S 1 •^ "^ i ■5P d f '^ £ S ' ° o g " " " i "" " " • 1 s « t t 1 I 1 1 1 1 i 2 . , . , s u •j- H 1 1 1 3 i i ..' 1 I " 1 I .5 C i i ^ ; s °« s. -« s u J. >* e it tl* £ • ^ a u s i J £ |3 l3 |3 " 11 5 ; S -o u " £" 3 3 t- S s ^ V T3 o' ,, j: E 1 i - • 1 ':' ii o !ll " -hi! Jt;- r |3 o| i 1 6 :l .J5 t°' i 'a -2 s ??s '"i > ^ >t T!i8 O >* C S s ?o t^5 ss P il ij rii! o * » -< s; X o s s R-^ ^-^ §^ i- ?= s: s^ 5^ il^i! ^ H is |3 II i II II u * "■ " '^ " " -32- §1 j j I- I I 3 5 S " tv ■g. °'° so. Sod. 3^ '°e' am c'SSJ! 1 ^ ^ S a sL I. S- a 51 jS a 3« 5 '-^ ^? it ll 111 sis -33- lis *!■? ■s t s . 3g 1.-^ «i III r^ r^ .E < < o uj o _ o a < o (r I UJ 3 _i to q: I g I I I III 1 1 S 1 I 1 f I s I I 1 I. t i '; s las s sla ill SI £ t I I 2* i sfls ' a- it 5" B= 1= g~ il it i| i* ^* ^s -34- -35- of a diligent appropriator from the time of filing, and enabled him to pre- vail over a concurrent nonstatutory appropriator. In this report, reference to the "miner's inch" indicate the California statute miner's inch (l/^O cubic foot per second), the xmit in common use in the Smith River area.. The determination of water rights under idiich the various diver- sions are made is based upon the best information available from the owner, from files of the State Water Rights Board, from official records, and from other sources. Althox:igh this information is believed to be acciirate, it is emphasized that it is not based on sworn claims or testimony and should in no way be construed to represent a conclusiAre determination of water rights. A detailed descrijrtion of the diversion systems, including dams, pumps, emd main conduits, as well &s any special featxires, is included in Table 5. The diversions are also classified as gravity, pump, and storage, according to the following definitions: Gravity diversion - A system in which water is taken from its natural course at a diversion structure and conveyed by gravity through a canal or pipeline to the area of use. Such a diversion may have a reservoir on the stream bvrt the capa- city is small compared with the amount of water diverted and provides no significant caxry-over storage from winter to summer. Pump diversion - A system in which water is pumped fran its natural course through a pipeline to the area of use or to a gravity conduit located at a higher elevation. Storage diversion - A system consisting of or including a svurface reseirvoir having significant carryover storage with- in each season or from season to season. Systems not exclusively of one of these basic types are listed as combina- tions of those types which best describe them. The "remarks" column contains such information as the names of former owners, known changes of ownership after 1953, and further details explaining entries in the other columns. -36- Information about two diversions, too detailed to be included in Table 5, is given in Appendix D. Most of this information relates to history, ownership, and water rights. Records of Surface Water Diversions Continuous or periodic measurements of the quantities of surface water diverted by 32 of the 62 diversions in the unit were made by the Department of Water Resources in I958. The total amount of water diverted at the 32 diversions for which measurements are reported was about l4-,550 acre-feet, as summarized by primary uses in Table 6. Detailed results of the measurement program are reported in Table 7. Only quantities which were based on actual measurements or reliable estimates are included. Where feasible, measurements of each diversion were made at a location above the area of first use as close to the diversion intake as possible, but below any regulatory spill. Exceptions are noted in Ifeble 7. Determinations of diverted quantities were made primarily by testing of pumps. These observations were supplemented by interviews of water users to obtain data on possible abrupt changes in operation between readings. The quantities in Table 7 are based on various methods listed in the column, "Method of observation and calculations." Where the monthly data were sufficiently reliable, quantities are shown. When the diversion during a month is known to have been zero, it is so indicated. The data, however, were sometimes not sufficiently detailed to justify a breakdown into monthly quantities. !Ehese cases are indicated by — NR— . Data which were incomplete or uncertain are designated as estimates. Notations regarding the extent of irrigation period indicate the overall period of -37- TABLE 6 SUMMARY OF USE AND MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE WATER DIVERSIONS IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT IN 1958 Number of Measured Total number diversions Number of quantity of of surface water ewitive Purpose measured water diverted diversions in 1958 diversions (in eu:re-feet) 31 u 9 5 2k. 10 7 5 irrigation and/ or stock- watering municipal and/ or domestic industrial hydroelec- tric power recreation, and/ or fish culture mining export for irrigation outside the unit 21 790 620 3,120 20 62 52 32 ^^,550 •38- iirigation, but not necessarily that dally or continuous irrigation was prswiticed through the period. Index to Sxurface Water Diversions For convenience in locating information regarding specific diver- sions^ an alphabetical index to diversion owners and diversion nasies is provided in Table 8 at the end of this chapter. For each diversion, this table indicates the subunlt, the sheet number of Plate 2, and the page on which pertinent data appear. Imports and Exports There are no imports of surface water into the Smith River Hydro- graphic Unit. However, most of the water from diversion 19N/1W-33D1 is exported from the unit. This diversion, owned by Mr. M. L. DeMartln, is located on the Wlnchuck River some 30 feet south of the California-Oregon state line, and diverts under a water right obtained in the State of Oregon. The water is used to irrigate about 80 acres, some 78 of which axe located in the State of Oregon. Consumptive Use In the Smith River Hydrograjiilc Uhit, virtually all of the consimrj^ tlve use of applied water is for irrigated agriculture, lumber mills, and iirban vise. Consumptive use of water is defined as water consumed by vege- tative growth In transpiration and building of plant tissue, and by water evaporated from adjacent soil, from water svirface, and from foliage. It also includes water similarly consumed and evax>orated by urban and non- vegetative types of land tise. The consvmiptive use of water for hydroelectric power generation, fish cultui^, and mining operations is negligible, consisting primarily of evaporation from canal and pond surfaces. -39- ^ t. I. <" 5 S „.i . sss„ . ?!■ e^es&s ;|e SESSgS o SSS...g. hi E SS?i^°- "2 ** c s II i| 1 c i o S S •^ i' "' ■5 - ::^ 3 " S s ^ s 3 :; § R •" o/ o o o = o = s -o s = a o ° 1 => ° ° ° -= R s » ° 2 ° § ° - - o - R 3 d R " R - 1 ° . 3 ■= - » S 3 i9 . a 3 1 ? t ,. ,. 4 ^ - R 3 - K; .^ 4 d •> 4 3 3 -E = ^ CM " 3 ~ r- 2 - ^ S r, 5 d ■o « a 1 g . " ^ s 2! 8 !3 " a "* i J '^ o ■"" t^ o (-» R c^ S S -» R so E s i ST o ** £ ! z 3 s 1 3 z ° ° ° ° " s i s i ^ ° ° ° ij i 1 > o *g i ~ ^ ° ° ° o o ° J 1 I ,■ OJ 6 Y ^- £ i 1 g ■n i^ T3 -O ^ 1 C o" i g ^ ■o (- ?! ?.S ■ol ^ o fis = 1 ft ;| Zt 1 ^S T3 O" "■ 5S 5S § u r t> •s Is 11 III ^ S^ ?& sl s' II III l! l! Ie ^E 5 S. n X P i^ p_ ll P^ i^ i^ P r P P > ^ c « 5 »ll 5 ? 1 " f i" a ^ ^ „ ^ ^ ^ 6 o 1 1 1 i 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 "^ "* ■* "■ ^ ■* "^ "* ■* ■* "* < ■ , S 1 . ; s tt" ^ 1^ « i^ St:- S > s l3 > 5 t 5 If iM 3< If |s 3 1 1 ll ?^ ■3S P 1 SZ ~ " , , ,, 5 . la 5 u^ / i. 1. Ifi a 1 f 51 ■s . £ 1 i i ?!!! sl IS •1 ° S 3 1 P • 1 l| M 0-4 6 ■5 1 * 3 G ■<• oi ;, 3 1 d g 5 i 3 g c i § El ^ J ? :■ s -a ' 4 :i -i i ,«: i -40- ill i° I' I il i: £ S ^S % 13111s I E E III -41- eg* (D B a -t> -;;;5. si"!" t- 1- O £ M 1 S S " _j E • L- 5 c B o (T •a 3 tj *j £S§H S.55SS ■^ _ P f^ s ?;; n ^ "" o r ^ o o • o 1 ° ° ° ° ° ^ ^ « „ ° 1 o . ° -* - • ^ ^ a 3 ° -o f-» < c "5 ^ u> o o^ >o 1 1 -. ° -< ^ ■^ ^ E z < ^ 5 ^ C n 1 ° o ■^ 1 ^ z » 3 5 Z o o ffi 3 1 D o i m ) yi a (J ^ in i "S > • 2 :^ o g c ?1 a ° ° "■ 5 ti. o 1 ^ 1 s o o 1 _ i e z « ° ° ^ I 3 g - o c 1 n ^ c s ,1 ■c o o -° is 33 s s §5 £S3 5|S 1 s p °II 3 E S 1 1 1 } 5 ? , ^ > S ^ So p E . % ?i 1 i 1 ?^ > ? ° s^ £ ^ °s X a 5 S e ■* 4 i S 3 -1 ^ "^ > f The total consumptive use of applied water, in the Smith River Eydrographic Unit, from both sxirface and ground sources, is estimated to have been about U,000 acre-feet in I958. Of this total, about 1,600 acre- feet were consumed by irrigation, 1,000 by municipal and domestic uses, and the remainder by lumber mill operations. Consumptive use of applied water for other purposes was negligible. -!>> TABLE 8 INDEX TO SURFACE WATER DIVERSIONS IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT Diversion name ond/or owner Location num ber Subunit R ef erences Plate 2 sheet no. Text and oppend page nos xes Aller Placer Mines 19N/5E-3ltGl Illinois River 2 29, C-13 Brogan, Clara B. 18n/1W-27C1 18N/1W-2TD1 Smith River Plain Smith River Plain 1 1 31*, 31*. 1*1. 51* 1*1, 51*. c- 12 Cal-Ore Veneer. Inc. 16N/1W-9L1 16H/1W-9P1 Smith River Plain Smith River Plain 5 5 31. 31. 1*0 C-10 Coughlan, Charles R. Weller, Nina G. 1TN/2E-20R1 Middle Fork see also Upper Field Gulch Ditch 3 21*. 2Q, C-13. D-3 Crescent City, City of I6N/IW-I9JI 16N/1W-20K1 I6N/IW-2ICI 17n/lW-13Bl Smith River Plain Smith River Plain Smith River Plain Smith River Plain 5 5 5 3 21*, 21*, 21*. 2l*, 31. 1*0 32. to, C- 32, to, c- 26, 33, C- 13 10 11* Cunningham, Ken D. I6N/IW-IOAI Smith River Plain 5 31, to, 53 DeMartin, M. L. 19N/1W-33D1 Winchuck River 1 35, 39, 55 Dillman, Charles E. I6W/IW-8QI Smith River Plain 5 31, to, 53 Dixon, Freda see Douglas Park Water System Douglas Park Water System Dixon, Freda Garrison, Bertha Giacomini, Alvin and Dorothy Gooch, Harry, et ux. Powell, Tracy and Pauline Rodriguez, Ernest Savage, W, A., et ux. Shioara, George and Gerry Sisley, Frank and Claire Welch, Jack and Ann I6n/1E-16A1 Smith River Plain 5 31, C-13 Button, A. C, Lumber Corporation 16N/1W-28B1 Smith River Plain 5 32, to, c-10 Endert, B. C. see Upper Fi eld 5ulch Ditch English, C. L. Short, Arlet 16N/1W-3L2 Smith River Plain 5 31, to, 53, c -lU Fisher, William D. and Mary J. I8N/IW-5HI Winchuck River 1 35, ''2, 55, C -11 Fletcher, E. W. Tut tie, Charles 17N/3E-8R1 Middle Fork 1* 29, c-13 Forty-first District Agricultural Association I6N/IW-2ORI Smith River Plain 5 32 Freeman, Wilson and May L. 15N/2E-13Q1 South Fork T Si*, 5k, C-lU Garrison, Bertha see Douglas Park Water System Gasquet Mutual Water Company 17N/2E-19G1 Middle Fork 3 2k, 29, c-13 Giacomini, Alvln and Dorothy see Douglas Park Water System -44- TABLE 8 (Continued) INDEX TO SURFACE WATER DIVERSIONS IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT Diversion name and /or owner Location number Subunit R ef erences Plote 2 sheet no. Text and appendixes page nos. Gooch, Harry, et ux. see Douglas Park Water System Hastings, Robert K. and Elizabeth C. 18N/1W-21R1 Smith River Plain 1 33, 1*1, 5!*, C-12 Stanhurst, Robert H. and Bernice C. Huffman, C. F. and Marie 15N/1E-6B1 15N/1E-6P1 15N/1E-7B1 15N/1E-7G1 I6N/IE-3IRI I6N/IW-3LI Mill Creek Mill Creek Mill Creek Mill Creek Mill Creek Smith River Plain 7 7 7 7 5 5 30, 30, 30. 30, 30, 31, 53, C-10 53. C-10 53, C-10 53, C-10 53 53 Huffman, Elinor Wakefield, Margaret 17N/1W-12M1 Smith River Plain 3 33, hi, 3k, C-10 Hunter, Austin S. 17K/1W- 31*01 Smith River Plain 3 33, 5h Hussey Ranch Corporation I7N/IE-3OJI Smith River Plain 3 32 Johnston, Elmer E. and Pearl A. 17N/UE-SF1 Middle Fork k 29, C-11 McClendon, Collins 15N/2E-28R1 South Fork 7 3h. 1*2 McNamara and Peepe Lumber Company I6N/IW-28CI Smith River Plain 5 32, 1*0 Medford Veneer and Plywood Corp. I6N/IW-IUHI Smith River Plain 5 31, 1*0, C-10 Moore, Robert H. 18K/2E-5J1 Horth Fork 1 30, c-10 Northern California Plywood, Inc. I6N/IW-I8CI Smith River Plain 5 31, 1*0, c-10 Hunneley, Hollls J. and Jean see T'-out Haven Owen, William K. I8N/IW-23GI 18N/1W-23G2 Rowdy Creek Rowdy Creek 1 1 30 30 Pelican Bay Construction Services, Inc. 17N/1W-11H1 Smith River Plain 3 33, 1*1 Powell, Tracy and Pauline see Douglas Park rfater System Raymond, Howaixi E. and Minnie 17N/3E-9M1 Middle Fork k 29, C-lU Hellim Redwood Company see Huffman, C. F . and Marie, diversions in Mill Creek Subunit Reservation Ranch 18N/1W-27D2 18N/1W-27F1 18N/1W-27F2 18N/1W-27L1 I8N/IW-28KI Smith River Plain Smith River Plain Smith River Plain Smith River Plain Smith River Plain 1 1 1 1 1 31*. 3h. 3h. 3^, 1*1, 51* 1*1, 51* 1*1. 51* 1*1. 51* 1*2. 5!) Riley, Charles W. 17N/lW-3l*Pl Smith River Plain 3 33, 1*1. 51* -U5- TABLE B (Continued) INDEX TO SURFACE WATER DIVERSIONS IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT Diversion nome ond/or owner Rodriguez, Ernest Sarina, Robert G., Sr. SavBge, W. A., et ux. Shicara, George and Gerry- Short, At let Sisley, Frank and Claire Standard Veneer and Timber Co. Stanhurst, Robert H. and Bemice C. Struebing, Ray W. and Mable H. Trout Haven Nunnely, Hollis J. and Jean Tryon , Murray Tryon, Presley D. Tuttle, Charles Ulrlch, Lester A.. Martha S. and Lewis Upper Field Gulch Ditch Coughlan, Charles R. Endert, B. C. Weller, Nina G. Wakefield, Margaret Welch, Jack and Ann Weller, Nina G. West Coast Veneer Company and Lund Plywood and Manufacturing Company Westbrook, Clarence W. Wetherell, Charles E. and Helen E. Wletlng, Carl A. Locotion number References Plate 2 Text ond appendixes sheet no. poge nos see Douglas Park Water System 18N/1W-2TQ1 Smith River Plain see Douglas Park Water System see Douglas Park Water System see English, C. L. see Douglas Park Water System 16n/1W-9M1 Smith River Plain see Hastings, Robert K. 18n/1W-5G1 17N/3E-3R1 17N/1W-1IH2 ITN/lW-lOGl ITN/lW-llFl 17N/1W-11F2 Winchuck River Middle Fork Smith River Plain Smith River Plain Smith River Plain Smith River Plain see Fletcher, E. W. 1TN/1W-2L1 Smith River Plain 1TN/2E-20R2 Middle Fork see Huffman, Elinor see Douglas Park Water System see Coughlan, Charles R. and Upper Field Gulch Ditch 18n/UE-2C1 Illinois River 3h, 1*2, 5ii 31 35, h?. 55, C-11 26, 29, C-11 33, ^l, 5h 33. 'H, 5lt 33, 5^ 33. 5h 32, l4i, 53, c-11 2h, 29, c-13, D-lt 16N/1W-21E1 16N/1W-21E2 Smith River Plain Smith River Plain 5 5 32, 32. Uo C-iU 1TN/1W-2E1 Smith River Plain 3 32, ■•l, 53 17N/1W-3H1 Smith River Plain 3 33, ''I. 5"* 29, C-lU -46- CHAFEER III. LAND USE The results of a siurvey of water tises and vater facilities in the Smith River Hydrographic Iftiit were presented in Chapter II. In this chapter are reported the results of a survey of present land uses as related to water use. Also included is a brief summary of historical conditions. A thorough knowledge of the nature and extent of land and water uses under existing conditions within this hydrographic unit is one of the primary requisites in evaluating future water requirements within the unit. Historical Land Use As previously noted, the beginning of the develojinent of the Smith River Hydrographic Unit took place in the l850's. Of the three broad groups of land use— eigricultural;, urban, and recreational~agric\altttral and urban uses began over 100 years ago. It was soane 30 or kO years later that certsdJi areas were developed specifically for recreation. Agricultural development on the Smith River Plain began during its original settlement period in the 1850's, and very soon became a major activity. After a scane-vAat experimental period of about 25 years, crop patterns remained fairly constant, except for gradual growth, xontil the present. To illustrate conditions in the early yesurs, about 2,200 acres of land were xmder cultivation in I857, of which soane 1,700 acres were planted to small grains. As dairying started to develop in aboirt I875, pasture began to replace grain as the predominant agricviltural crop. The resvilting crop pattern is represented by I958 conditions, when some 80 percent of the agricviltural land was devoted to pasture and only 7 percent to grain. Two other significant changes in the a^icultural picture have taken place since 19^+0. These are the introduction of irrigation, and the -U7- commercial production of bulbs and flowers. In 19'^•0 there were only two irrigated farms, bub by 1950 there were 35* The total area irrigated in 1914.9 vas about 1,900 acres. By I958 about 3,600 acres, or k'^ percent of the cviltivated leuids, were irrigated. During the 1950' s, the bulb and flower industry expanded rapidly, and the income fran these products has grown to equal that from all other agricultural activities, although in 1958 these crops occupied only about 5 percent of the total cultivated area within the unit. From the time of its founding. Crescent City has been the principal urban center, seind.ng an area extending well beyond the limits of the hydro- grajhlc unit. Smaller towns within the unit have developed more slowly. She post-World War H period has, with its general trend to suburbanization, seen a rapid expansion of the scattered small residential camnunities. The indostrial vises of land are mainly for sawmills and related activities. Though present in the early years, these uses have increased sharply in the last decade. Tbe population figures given previously Indicate this Increase of urbem land use over the years. Recreational activities, mainly fishing and hunting, have been popular in the Smith River area since its early history. For years the natural terrain served the needs, but about I89O certain specific areas became popular for their recreational value. The building of simimer homes, resorts, and improved campgrounds began about this time. In recent yeeurs, several areas, BMCh as peLrts of Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, have been developed for intensive recreational use. Present Leind Use A detailed survey of land uses in the Smith River Hydrograjdiic Unit wBis conducted in 1958 as pert of this investigation. The land uses mapped -lf8- in this survey as related to water use fall into five categories: irrigated lands, dry- fanned lands, urban lands, recreational lands, and naturally high water table lands, such as natural meadowlands and marshes. Lands not falling into any of these five categories were mapped as native vegetation. The various types of land use mapped in 1958 are delineated on Sheets 1 through 10 of Plate 2. Ihe acreages of land uses within each svibunit are laresented in Table 9« The values represent gross acreages, including nonwater- service areas such as roads, ditches, building and storage aresis, and miscellaneous rights-of-way, which occur within the mapped areas. Methods and Procedures The land -use survey and the location of surface water diversions were accomplished by relating field observations to atrial photographs having a scale of aboxit 1:20,000. Stereoscopes were used to assist in the field mapping procedure. As each point of diversion was located, it was plotted on the aerial photograph and eus the use and extent of e£u:h parcel of land was determined, these were delineated on the aerial liiotograph. The hydrogr^phic unit was traversed by automobiles as conrpletely as roads and terra in permitted. When necessary beca\ise of poor accessibility. Inspections were made on foot. An example of an aerial photograph with land use data delineated on it is shown on Page 51. After completion of the field mapping, the data delineated on the photographs were transferred to copies of U. S. Geological Survey qtxadrangle maps reproduced at a scsile of l:2l4-,000. !IMs procedure was necessary to bring the delineated areas to a common scale for accurate determination of acreages, since the scale of the aerial photographs utilized varied widely. A series of these maps, showing all diversions and the fields associated -lf9- 0) lA o O o o O o o o JC en r-l o o i^ VD UA IfN 0. lf\ vo fO rH 10 0) v> ■^ x> (fl c o a. 6 o s O O o o o O O O ^ o c o o "^ o o ■"■ 0) if o a) o O O o o o o O O o 0) E iH o O O o o o o O o o "a en CVJ r-( VD 0) tr o g O o o o O O o O -o c VO vo en en t^ 3 2 H H r-l if\ ^ -a" T3 W g^ o O O o o o o O r-l 8 s. o c n r-l -a- ^ o 1 _ ^ -* >. Q £ «) o O O o o o o o O o ^ S o \o vo CP? S m CO ^ ° 0) >* — v> — ^ ■D o ° c o 3 »_ o O o o o o o o O Q — a> "i CVJ ITN H o ■^ o oo 2 o ■o •, S ro CO •o «> M II o o 8 o o s 5 o O ITS o r-l m l-t VO - ro n^ a T3 C o 01 S u 0) >, > M > ■H M M (h a> •H c K U m: » V t> X 01 cc •3 ~ D O 0) u it > t u c o a Cb t ■H o o >: 3 O ■rH Pb o DC Pi. o ^ o tl o c 3 E- 3 10 c r-l X >> * f: o j: -H ■o rH +J ■g ■P *> B o .H T3 r-l ^ •H g r-t c 1-1 •H ■H o o J •H •H M z X SE oc « m » » -50- Example of Land Use Delineated on Aerial Riotograph Symbols vised on this photograph AGRICULTURAL LANDS URBAN LANDS Irrigated lands iP3 - mixed pasture ipJ+ - native pastiore iTl6 - flowers and nursery iPF - pasture, fallow Dry- farmed lands nP3 - mixed pastvire nG3 - oats nG6 - mixed hay and grain UI3 - storage Ul6 - sawmills UR - residential U - multiple use areas OTHER LANDS NV - native vegetation SI - farmsteads S3 - dairies iS5 - cemeteries -51- with each irrigation diversion, was colored according to the lemd use cate- gories, and then reviewed by local parties concerned. TSaese work maps were then used in the preparation of ELate 2. Another series of these maps was used in com.puting the acreages of the land uses. Each delineated area on these maps was manually cut out and carefully weighed on an analytical balance. Oliese weights were converted to acreages, using ratios detennined for each of the individual maps. This method has i>roven to be a very expedient and accvirate means of area deter- mination where a large nvmber of small parcels are involved. Irrigated Lands Irrigated lands, as designated in this report, include all agri- cult\iral lands which receive water artificiaOly appLiod. Acreages of irrigated lands are reported in Table 10 by surface water diversion and by subunits, showing the crops grown. The lands on which ground water was lased, as well as those receiving both surface and ground water, were so noted. These irrigated lands were segregated into pasture, truck crops, and idle and fallow irrigated lands. Pasture was further subdivided into "mixed" and "native." Idle irrigated lands are those lands which were not irrigated in the yeex of svirvey, but which had been irrigated within the preceding three years. Fallow irrigated lands are those cialtivated lands vblch may have been irrigated during the year of survey, but \rtiich at the time of survey were only tilled and not planted to a crop. Of the 3,600 acres of Irrigated lands mapped in I958, 78 percent were in pasture-type crops; 11 percent were in truck crops, mainly bulbs and flowers; and the remainder was composed of idle and fallow lands. The irrigated lands were identified on the work maps by diversion service area and by crops irrigated, but on ELate 2 they are grouped into lust two categories: (1) those leinds \rtilch received a full irrigation during -52- TABLE 10 IRRIGATED LANDS IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT 1958 (in ocres) Location number Diversion owner Poslure Bulbs and flowers Totol lands irrigated Irrigated idle or fallow" Total Mixed Native U £ & M ILLINOIS RIVER AND MIDDLE 1 FORK SUBUNITS (No dii ersions located in these subuni ts) 15N/1E-6B1 C. F. eind Marie Huffman MILL CREEK SUBUNIT 9 9 15H/1E-6P1 C. F. and Marie Huffman 3 3 I5H/IE-7BI C. F. and Marie Huffman 11* Ik I5K/IE-7GI C. F. and Marie Huffman 16 16 I6N/IE-3XRI C. F. and Marie Hufflnan 36 36 Total Mill Creek Subunit 78 78 NORTH FOR K AND ROWDY CREE < SUBUNIT s 1 1 (No diversions located in these subunits) SUfllTH RIVER PLAIN SUBUNIT I6N/IW-3LI C. F. and Marie Huffman k3 k-i 16N/IW.3L2 C. L. English and Arlet Short 10 Ik zk 2k I6N/IW-8QI Charles E. Dillman Ik Ik Ik I6N/IW-IQA.I Ken D. Cunnin^iam 27 27 27 17N/1W-2K1 Clarence W. Westbrook II46 11(6 lit6 17N/1W.2L1 Lester A., Martha S., and Lewis Ulrich 102 102 11 113 ■'or lettered footnotes, see last page of table -53- TABLE 10 (Continued ) IRRIGATED LANDS IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT 1958 (in acres) Locotion number Diversion owner Pas ore Bulbs and flowers Total lands irrigated Irrigated Idle or follow" Totol Mixed Native H B & M SMITH RIVE R PLAIN 5UBUNIT ( Continued) I7N/IW.3HI Charles E. and Helen E. Wetherell 140 lltO ito I7H/IW-IOGI Presley D. Tiyon 28 24 52 52 104 I7H/IW-IIFI Presley D. Tryon 65 65 65 17N/1H-11F2 Presley D, Tryon 108 108 17N/lW-nH? Murray Tryon 162 162 162 17M/1W.12M1 Elinor Huffttan and Maigaret Wakefield 98 98 98 17N/lW-3l(01 Austin S. Hunter kk kk 17N/lW-3JtPl Charles W. RHey 15 8 23 23 iaN/lW.21Rl Robert K. and Elizabeth C. Hastings Robert H. and Bemlce C. Stanhurst 35 38 73= 73= iaN/lW-27Cl Clara B. BrogRn Ik Ik 14 I8N/IW-27DI Clara B. Brogfun 72 13 85 85 iaN/lW.27D2 iaN/lW-2TF2 Reservation Ranch 12 12 12 l8N/lW.2Tfa Reservation Ranch 88 88 18 106 18N/1W-27F2 Retervation Ranch 31 31 31 iaN/lM-27U. Reservation Ranch 89 17 106 106 l8N/lW.2Tftl Robert G. Sarlna, Sr. 1*8 ka 18 66 ias/iH-2aKi Reservation Remch 26 26 26 Lands Irrig ted by ground vater X,h22^ its 210*^ 1,681 ^ 1,713 Total aalth River Plain Subunlt 2,583* 8k 350"^ 3,017 326 3,343 SOUTH FORK SUBUNII r 15M/2E-13Q1 Wilson aod May L. Fre«9Bii — 12 — i2 — i2 Itatal South Fork Subunlt 39 39 39 For lettered footnotes, see last page of table. -5^- TABLE 10 (Continued ) IRRIGATED LANDS IN SMITH RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC UNIT 1958 (in ocres) Location number Diversion owner Pasture Bulbs and flowers Total lands rrigoted Irrigoted idle or follow" lau/xw-jGi 181(/1W-5H1 Ray W. and Mable H Struebing WUliam D. and Mary J. Fleher WILSON CREEK SUBUNIT (No diversions located in this subunit) I I WINCHUCK RIVER SUBUNIT 23 I9H/IM-33DI M. L. Ddtertin Lands Irri^ted by ground water Total Wlnfchuck River Subunit Lands Irr .gated Irr Lgated by surface vater by ground vater TOTAL SMira RIVER HTOROGRAPHIC UNIT k8 22 1,195 1,422^ 2,617 49 193 15 178 71 69 2 12 15^^ 1,517= 1,693 3,210 372 32 1*04 71 69 2 12 154 1,889= 1,725 3,614 a - Landa ordinarily irrigated, but Idle or fallow In 1958. b - Includes 41 acres of alfalfa. c - 73 acres received supplemental supply from ground water, d - Includes 8 acres of other truck crops. -55- the year of survey, and (2) those lands usiially irrigated but which were idle or fallow in 1958» In most hydrographic units, a third category is usvtally present, namely, those lands which received only a partial irriga- tion because of insufficient water supply. However, in 195^ QO such condition was found in the Smith River Hydrographic Iftiit. Naturally High Water Table Lands In addition to the lands which receive applied water as described above, there axe lands supporting vegetation which utilize water from a natxirally high water table, such a^ movintGdji meadows or lands adjacent to lakes and streams. These are shown on Plate 2 as "naturally irrigated meadowlands" and "marshes and swamps" and are listed In Table 9 &« "mea^ow> lands" and "marsh," Dry-fanned Lands Dry-famed lands are those lands normally planted to a crop but which do not receive applied water. This category inclxides all lands so farmed, even if they were "idle" or "fallow" during the year of stirvey. Dry- farmed lands are called "idle" if entirely iincultivated in the year of survey, and "fallow" if tilled but withovtt a crop. Lands \rtiich had beer idle for more than three years and appeared to have reverted to "native vegetation" were so mapped. It should be noted that the term "dry-farmed" as used herein refers to the feirmlng practice on these lands and not to a lack of soil moisture. Since noncultivated rangelands are usually Indistinguishable frcm lands with native cover not used for grazing purposes, both types are included in "native vegetation." Water use in both ca^es is essentially the same and is dependent upon precipitation. -56- Grazing Dairy Herd on Smith River Plain Easter Lily Field along Del Norte Coast Urban Lands Urban lands Include the total areas of cities, tovms, g"tf>^n ccmmunltles. Industrial p^ots, and military reservations vhlch are large enough to be delineated. Also Included are parks, golf courses, racetracks, and cemeteries within or near urban areas. The acreages represent gross delineations. Including streets and vacant lots, and are therefore not necessarily fully developed at the present time. In this survey the boundaries of urban communities were delineated to Include all lands with a density of one house or more per two acres. Military resei-vatlons are Included in their entirety, regardless of the extent of develojoent . Recreational Lands Recreational lands were mapped on aerial liiotographs In the field in four categories: (1) residential, (2) coranerclal, (3) camp and trailer sites, and {k) peirks. Recreational residential lands include permanent and summer home tracts within primarily recreational areas. The estimated density of homes per acre was also indicated. Recreational commercial lands Include those containing motels, resorts, hotels, stores, restaiirants, and similar coanmercial establishments in primarily recreational areas. Lajids mapped in the camp and trailer sites category Include those areas so used within primarily recreational areas outside the boundaries of parks. !Qie entire area within the boundaries of parks was Included in the parks cate- gory, without regard to the extent of development thereon. Obviously, nearly all of the mountainous, seeishore, and water surface areeis are suitable for some use, such as hunting, fishing, hiking, picnicking, and other recreational activities of this nature. For the puirpose of this lemd use survey, however, consideration is given only to those lands where some type of development requiring water service occurs, except in the case of parks. -58- The recreational lands are tabulated by the above four categories in Table 9» However, all recreational lands sire combined into one group on Plate 2. As mentioned above, in some cases the areas delineated and tabu- lated are not necessarily fully developed. Designated recreational areas such as Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park and military reservations are the most notable examples of this. Native Vegetation Lands which are essentially in a native state, and not included in any of the above categories, as well els scattered residences and other isolated uses too small to be delineated, were mapped as "native vegetation." However, in addition to the lands so mapped, the total acreage reported in this native vegetation category includes lands which were mapped as water surface and farm building areas, including dairies, feed lots, etc. The total of all these lands was some ^66,000 acres or about 9^ percent of the Smith River Hydrographic Unit in 1958- Most of these lands, even in their native state, are \ised for commercial timber production, livestock range, and recreational activities such as fishing, hunting, hiking, and picnicking. -59- CHAPTER IV. LAND CLASSIFICATION CalcTilations of future water requirements will be based in a large part on a classification of lands with regard to their potential for irrigated agriciilture and recreational development. The results of such a lEind classification conducted in the Smith River Hydrographic Iftiit are presented in this chapter. Lands were not classified, in this survey with respect to their potential for urban development. The use of lands for urban purposes is closely related to population at any given time, and it is planned to defer designation of these lands until estimates of population and related economic stMies are made in connection with determinations of future water requirements. Ihe former Division of Water Resources made a reconnaissance classi- fication of lands of the State which was reported in State Water Resources Board Bulletin No. 2, "Water Utilization and Requirements of California," June 1955. In that report, the area of the Smith River Hydrographic Unit is contained in the "Del Norte" and a part of "Rogue River" units. The data on agricxiltural lands reported herein are in considerably greater detail than the information in Bxilletin No. 2. This bulletin also includes additional data on classification of recreational lands not contained in Bulletin No. 2. Methods and Procedures The general methods and procediares used in field mapping and tabulation of information were essentially the same as those described for the land use survey in Chapter III. An example of land classification delineations on an aerial photograph is shown on page 66. The standards vtsed in the classification of lands are given in detail in Table 11. -a- TABLE 11 LAND CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS Land Class: Symbol : Characteristics Irrigable Lands These lands are level or slightly sloping and vary from smooth to hummocky or gently \indulating relief. The maximum allowable slope is 6 percent for smooth, reasonably large -sized bodies lying in the same plane. As the relief increases and becomes more complex, lesser sloi)es are allowed. The soils have medium to deep effective root zones, are permeable throughout, and free of salinity, alkalinity, rock, or other conditions limiting crop adaptability of the land. These lands are suitable for all climatically adapted crops. These sire lands with greater sloi)e and/or relief than those of the V class. They vary from smooth to moderately rolling or undulating relief. The maxim\im allowable slope is 20 percent for smooth, reasonably large-sized bodies lying in the same plane. As the relief increases and becomes more complex, lesser slopes are allowed. The soils are permeable, with medium to deep effec- tive root zones, and are suitable for the production of all climatically adapted crops. The only limitation is that imposed by topographic conditions. These are lands with greater slope and/or relief than those of the H class. They vary from smooth to steeply rolling or undulat- ing relief. The maximum allowable slope is 30 percent for smooth, reasonably large-sized bodies lying In the same plane. As the relief increases and becomes more complex, lesser slopes are allowed. The soils are permeable, with medium to deep effective root zones, and are suitable for the production of all climatically adapted crops. The only limitation is that imposed by toixigraphic conditions. Any variation in the foregoing, as defined, is indicated by use of one or more of the following symbols: w - Indicates the presence of a high water table, which in effect limits the present crop adaptability of these lands to pasture crops. Drainage and a change in iirigation practice would be required to affect the crop adaptability. s - Indicates the presence of an excess of soluble salts, or exchange- able sodium in slight amounts, which limits the present adaptabil- ity of these lands to crops tolerant to such conditions. The presence of salts within the soil generally indicates poor drainage and a medium to high water table. Reclamation of these lands will involve drainage and the application of small amounts of -62- TABLE 11 (Continued) LAND CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS Land Class: Characteristics Symbol ; ss - h - amendments and some additional water over and above crop require- ments in order to leach out the harmful salts. Indicates the presence of an excess of soluble salts or exchange- able sodium in sufficient quantity to require the application of moderate amounts of amendments and some additional water over and' above crop requirements in order to effect reclamation. Indicates very heavy textiores, which make these lands best suited for production of shallow-rooted crops. 1 - Indicates fairly coarse textures and low moisture -holding capaci- ties, which in general make these lands unsuited for the production of shallow-rooted crops because of the frequency of irrigations required to supply the water needs of such crops. p - Indicates shallow depth of the effective root zone, which limits use of these lands to shallow-rooted crops. r - Indicates the presence of rock on the surface or within the plow zone in sufficient quantity to prevent use of the land for culti- vated crops. Urban Lands UD - The total area of cities, towns, and small communities presently used for residential, commercial, recreational and industrial purposes. Recreational Lands RR - Existing and potential permanent and summer home tracts within a primarily recreational area. The estimated number of houses, under conditions of full development, is indicated by a number in the symbol, i.e., RR-3 is suitable for three houses per acre. RC - Existing and potential commerical areas which occur within a primarily recreational area and which include motels, resorts, hotels, stores, etc. RT - Existing and potential camp and trailer sites within a primarily recreational area. P - Existing and potential county, state, federal, and private parks, racetracks, and fairgrounds. -63- TABLE 11 (Continued) LAND CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS Land Class: Characteristics Symbol ; Miscellaneous Lands F - Presently forested lands, or lands subject to forest maziagement, which meet the requirements for irrigable land, but which, because of climatic conditions and physiographic position, are better 4, suited for timber production or some type of forest management program rather than for irrigated agriculture. Vm - Swamp and marsh lands which are covered by water most of the time and usually support a heavy growth of phreatophytes. N - Includes all lands which fail to meet the requirements of the above classes. Major Categories of Land Cl-asses The lands mapped can be grouped into four major categories: (l) irrigable lands, (2) urban lands, (3) recreational lands, and (k) mis- cellsineous lands: irrigable lands deemed best suited to remain under forest or range management, marshlands, and all those lands which fail to meet the requirements of the first three land class categories. Irrigable Lands Irrigable lands are grouped in appropriate classifications accord- ing to their suitability for development under irrigated agriculture, and their crop adaptability. Presently irrigated lands are inclijded within these classifications, but developed urban lands and recreational lands are not classed as to irrlgability. The time element with respect to when the lands might be developed did not enter the determination, except that suitabil- ity for irrigated agriculture was necessarily considered in light of present agricultural technology. -61^ There are many factors -vrtiich influence the siiltability of land for irrigation development. Since soil characteristics and the physiography of the landscape are the most stable of these factors, they were the only ones considered in the survey in classifying lands as to their irrigability. The characteristics of the soils were established by examination of road cuts, ditchbanks, and material from test holes, together with observations of the type and density of native vegetation and crops. Representative slopes throughout the area were measured with a clinometer. Other aspects, such as those economic factors related to the production and marketing of climatically adapted crops, the location of lands with respect to a water sxrpply, and climatic conditions, were not considered in the basic classifica- tion. These latter factors are very important in estimating the nature of future cropping patterns and practices, and will be given due consideration when estimates are made of future water requirements. Urban Lands It is recognized that future urban expansion will encroach upon some of the irrigable lands. The location and extent of this type of develop- ment is a function of many variables. Because this land classification survey is an inventory of relatively unchanging physical conditions, no attempt was made to locate the areas of urban encroachment. Therefore, only those lands devoted to urban uses in 1958 are designated as "urban" lands. Recreational Lands Present trends indicate an expanding rate of use and demand for recreational facilities throughout the State. In view of these trends and the ever-increasing population, it is recognized that there will be a demand for substantieil land areas for recreational purposes. This is particularly -65- Example of Land ClEissification Delineated on Aerial Photograph. (See Table 11, Page 62 for symbol explanation) -66- true of the mountainous and coastal regions where this type of development is expanding rather rapidly at the present time. Generally speaking, all mountainous and coastal lands are suitable for some recreational use, such as hunting, fishing, and similar outdoor activities. However, for purposes of this survey, lands classified for recreational use were limited to those -which are now, or may in the future be, used intensively for permanent and summer home tracts, camp and trailer sites, or parks outside of irrban areas. These are lands reqiiiring intensive water service. Primary considerations for classification of home tracts and camp and trailer sites were such physical factors as soil depth, slope, and rockiness; such aesthetic values as view, nearness to lakes, streams or seashore, or density and type of forest canopy suitable for the respective uses; and the plans of national and state forest officials. An important factor in location of camp and trailer sites was the availability of a water supply, but isolation from existing roads did not influence site selection. The total areas of existing national and state parks, rather than the specific areas of potential intensive development therein, are inclioded with the recreational lands on Plate 3. For other parks, only the areas presently developed to intensive recreational use are delineated. No attempt was made to predict where additional, psirk developments will take place. Miscellaneous Lands Two types of lands are Included as mlscellaneoxis lands in Table 12. They are designated separately on Plate 3. These are: (l) irrigable forest management lands; and (2) swamp and marshlands. -67- Campers at Madrona Forest Camp Svdjmning in o o o o o o «* t- I- < xL > hic Itolt." Bulletin 91^-1. 1962. "Land and Water Use in Trinity River Hydrographic Unit." Bulletin 9l^-2. I962. "Land emd Water Use in Yuba-Bear River Hydrographic Unit." Bulletin 91^-3. I962. B-3 California State Water Resources Board. "Water Resources of California." Bulletin No. 1. 1951. "Water Utilization and Requirements of California." Bulletin No. 2. 1955. Chase, Don M. "He Opened the West." I958. Chicago Public Administration Service. "Local Government in Del Norte County, California." 1957. Del Norte County. "Agricultural Commissioner's Report." 1959. Del Norte County Engineer's Office. "Land Use Map." February i960. Hoener, Edgar P. "Timberman." I95O-I956. "Timberman's Directory of Western Forest Industries." 1950. Jenkins, R. J. "Del Norte County as It Is." l89»4^. Miller Freeman Publications. "Timberman." 1957-1959. . "Lumberman." 195O-I959. "Handbook and Directory of the Forest Industries." 1955- 1959. Smith, Esther Ruth. "The History of Del Norte County, California." 1953. Sullivan, Maurice S. "The Travels of Jedediah Smith." 193*+. United States Department of Agricultiore , Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forestry suid Range Experiment Station. Forest Service Releases. Nos. 20 and 35. United States Department of the Interior, Geologic Stirvey, "Geology euid Mineral Resources of Gasquet Quadrangle, California-Oregon." Bulletin 995-C. 1953- United States Department of the Interior, Geologic Survey, "Geology and Ground Water Features of the Smith River Plain, Del Norte County, California." Water Supply Paper 125^. 195'<-- United States Depeirtment of the Interior, Pacific Southwest Field Committee. "Natural Reso\irces of Northwestern California." Preliminary Reports. I956. bA APPENDIX C LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS C-1 I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page California Water Rights C-3 Riparian Rights C-4 Appropriative Ri^ts C-5 Ground Water Rights C-6 State Assistance C-7 Litigation Concerning Local Water Rights C-8 Applications to Appropriate Water ..» o C-8 TABLES Table No. C-1 Applications to Appropriate Water in Smith River Hydrographic Unit C-10 C-2 I I APPENDIX C LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS There are set forth in the following paragraphs brief general statements with respect to the California law of water rights to supple- ment and to provide a backgroiind for information on water rights con- tained in Chapter II. Also included is a tabtilation of currently valid applications to appropriate water within Smith River Hydrographic Unit filed with the State Water Rights Board. California Water Rights All rights to water in California are usufructuary. They consist only in rights to the beneficial use of the water. Water itself is subject to ownership only when it has been taken into actual posses- sion. However, the owner of an usufructuary right is entitled to have the water in the surface stream flow to the point of his diversion, or to his riparian lands, without the unlawfvil interference by upstream dlverters who have rights which axe inferior to his. Riparian and appropriative rights to surface water are recog- nized in California. Riparian rights ajre paramount until lost or im- paired by grant, condeojiation or prescription. Correlative rights to ground water, also recognized in California, eure analogous to the rlpariem rights to surface waters. All water rights, both surfax:e and underground, are subject to the doctrine of reeisonable use expressed in Section 3 of Article l^- of the State Constitution. This doctrine limits the rights to the quantity of water reasonably required for beneficiSLL use and prohibits waste, unreasonable use, or unreasonable methods of use or diversion. C-3 Riparian Rights Riparian rights are part and parcel of riparian lands, i.e., lands contiguous to a natural watercourse vlthin a watershed. They extend only to the smallest tract, so situated, held within the continuous chain of ownership. Each riparian right is correlative with each and every other such right within the watershed. In the event of insufficient water for all, the available supply must be prorated, except that an upper riparian owner may taJse the whole supply if necessary for domestic use. Riparian rights extend to future reasonable requirements for beneficial use upon riparian lands. Riperiain rights do not authorize use of water on nonriparian lands, nor do they permit the seasonal storage of water. They are not created by use nor are they lost by nonuse. They do not prevent temporary appropriation by others of water not presently needed on ripariaui Isuids. The rights may be severed or lost, in the whole or in part, by grant or condemnation, and they cannot thereafter be restored. A parcel of land loses its riparian right when separated from contact with a stream by conveyance, unless the right is specifically reserved by the grantor. Ripariaui rights caimot be transferred for use ui»n another parcel of land. A riparian right may also be lost by prescription. Riparian rights are superior to approprlative rights, except in the case of rights foimded on apprtjpriations of water upon vaceuit public lands initiated before valid steps were taken to remove the riparian lands from the domain of the United States, regardless of whether the approprla- tive diversions and/ or the lands they serve are upstream or downstream from the riparian lands. C-U Approprlative Rights The miners of the early gold-seeking period established the doctrine of appropriative water rights in California. Their procedure was based simply on beneficial use anA required no recordation in establishing the right. The first procedure requiring recordation in perfecting an appropriative right vas the Civil Code enactment of I872. This procedure, modified seversil times, was in \xse until the Water Commission Act became effective on December I9, l%h' The oldest of the procedures to perfect an appropriative right required simply that a diversion be made and the water be iwt to beneficial use. The date of the right began with its beneficial use. The 1872 Civil Code procedure required that before a diversion of surface water could be made, a notice of intention describing the source of the water, the location of the proposed diversion, the amoxint to be diverted, the use emd the place of use be posted at or near the place of proposed diversion. This notice was to be signed, witnessed, and a copy filed with the recorder in the county in which the proposed diversion was located. The appropriative right thus initiated became I)erfected vrtien the water was put to beneficial use, but the rights related back to the time the notice was posted. While the I872 Civil Code procedure was the first to require recordation, it was not cm exclusive procedure, in that sua appropriative right could be perfected to the extent of bene- ficial use simply by diverting the water and making beneficial use of it. The Water Ccamnission Act, on the other hand, established an exclusive procedure for the appropriation of water. This enactment requires that a permit be obtained from the State of California before water can be appropriated. Kie procedure oiitlined by the Water Commission Act, as now C-5 codified in the Water Code, reqiilres that first an application to appropri- ate water he submitted to the State Water Rights Board. Upon the approval of the application, a permit is issued so that the applicant can construct the features necessary to put the water to beneficial use. When the pro- ject has been completed, sm inspection of it is made euid a license is issued, to the extent of beneficial use, provided the terms eind conditions of the permit have been fulfilled. Once an appropriative water right has been initiated, it must be diligently prosecuted to completion in order to maintain its date of priority. While water may not be appropriated for a distant future use, a reasonable amount of time is allowed to put the full amount of water to use within the original intent of the application to aijproprlate water. A right to appropriate water is lost by abandonment or contin- uous nonuse. In the case of an appropriation initiated prior to 191^, the period of continuous nonuse is five years, while under the Water Commission Act, or the Water Code, the period of continuous nonuse is only three years. Domestic use of water is the highest use and irrigation next highest use of water as provided in the Water Code. Ground Water Rights The permit and license procedxire established by the Water Commis- sion Act applies only to streams and other bodies of surface water and to sub- terranean streams flowing through known and definite channels. Percolating ground water is therefore excluded, and rights to its use are governed by Judicial decisions rather than by statute. Ground waters are presumed to be percolating in the absence of evidence to the contraxy. The owner of land overlying a ground water basin or stratum has, like the riparian owner, a paramount right to the reasonable beneficial use C-6 of the natviral supply xrpon his overlying land, vbich right he holds in common with all other landowners similarly situated. Only surplus water in excess of reasonable requirements for beneficial use ux>on overlying lands is subject to appropriation for beneficial use upon other lands. Prescriptive rights to ground water may be acqviired under the same circumstances as prescriptive rights to water of svirface streams. Where ground water and surface water are interconnected, one Gw:ting as a tributary to the other, both are treated as peirt of a common supply, and users of water from either source are entitled to protection trosa substantial injury as a result of use by others of water from the other source. "Qius, an owner of land ripexian to a stream may have his right to the \ise of water protected against impairment by an appropriator of percolating grovmd water tributary to the stream and required for the maintenance and support of its flow. Likewise, where water from a stream percolates to a ground water basin or stratum, the owner of land over- lying such gro^and water may be protected from an appropriation of water of the stream, if such use causes a substantial impairment of the ground water supply. As between riparian \ise of surface water and overlying use of ground water tributary to the stream, a riiaring of the available water supply on the basis of reasonable beneficial use should be made. State Assistance Under provisions of the State Water Code, actions involving deter- minations of rights to the use of water brought in either state or federal courts may, at the court's discretion, be referred to the State Water Rights Boeurd. Under provisions of Water Code Section 2000, the court may appoint the board to referee "emy or all issxies Involved In the suit," or under Section 2001 it may limit the reference to "Investigation of and report upon C-7 emy or all physical facts involved." This reference procedvire may be followed in suits involving either or both surface and ground waters. A simplified procedure is available for adjudication of rights to the use of water of streams, laJces, and other bodies of water, but the method excludes the determination of rights to take water from an iznder- ground supply other than from a subterrauiean stream flowing through known emd definite channels. Water Code Sections 25OO to 29OO, inclusive, autho- rize the initiation of such a proceeding before the board. The board then makes an engineering investigation and report, holds hearings, smd prepares an order of determination which is submitted to the court. After hearings, the court makes a final determination of the water rights. Court actions which involve a determination of all the relative rights to the use of water of an entire stream or stream system and/ or ground water basin afford a basis for distribution of water after decree under watermaster service. Water users may secure the services of the Department of Water Resources under Water Code Sections kOOO to kkOT , inclusive, in mriki ng distribution of the water to them according to their respective rights, 8ls determined by the court. Litigation Concerning Local Water Rights There has been no major adjudication of water rights in the Smith River Hydrographic Unit. Consequently, neither the State Water Rights Boeu-d nor any of its predecessor agencies have been involved in a court reference, and state watermaster service has not been established. Applicatione to Appropriate Water Applications to appropriate water within the Smith River Hydrographic Unit, filed with the State since 1914 and active on June 28, I960, are svimmarized in Table C-1. Those diversions, for which an application to c-e appropriate water is filed with the State and trfiich were found in this survey to be of significauit size, have been assigned diversion numbers, which are included in the table. 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IS S 5 1 55 5 a :3 c ^ 1 in (^ r^l (^ ■-« rH r-\ ^ g S! iS S S S SS g -^ ^ iS S "is S i "SS in (. i a 1 t S s ^ » " ; 1 t i 1 5 u £ 2 '- "^ 5 S ^ n i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ s s J J J; s ^ ° h h «) O O O 3 >, s s * *• XI I, leg 3 £ 1 1 f H -a S S c w O O 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o. t ll c '^ •g ,« 1 1 1 5 s d § II ^« s| s .% «w J"^ J"" » ? I 1 1 1 t E i' ^': i1 J:' t 1 . 3-3 Is !-a s i 1 S H " == S.3 :5£ 3m J 1 o a s g js ^ S S « 13 £ R R s € ^ < ^ Q ~ S ^ > > a a ^ >^ > > S; > > > > >? ^ O b -^ €> S"? Ia [2 ■« P S iC Kl fl si « g S s s s S S <3.C < C-15 APPENDIX D DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN SURFACE WATER DIVERSIONS D-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Charles R. Coughlan and Nina G. Weller D-3 Upper Field Gvilch Ditch B-h D-2 APPENDIX D DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN SURFACE WATER DIVERSIONS This appendix presents additionsil data on certain surface water diversions \rtiich could not adequately be presented in Table 5 of the report. Charles R. Coiighlan and Nina G. Weller (Diversion 17N/2E-20R1; Middle Fork Subunit ) . This diversion is from unnamed springs located about one-foiirth mile south of the confluence of the North and Middle Forks of Smith River and was begixn about I852 by Horace Gasquet, who used it continuously until his death in I896. In that yeax, Fred Frantz and J. B. Endert purchased the property and on May 25, I896, they filed an application to appropriate water from springs tributary to Smith River. This filing is recorded in Book C of Locations at page 325, Del Norte County Records. The owners of this diversion up to 1933^ in order, were: (l) Horace Gasqxiet, (2) Fred Frantz and J. B. Endert, (3) Ralph W. Lake, (4) J. P. Bowman, (5) J. J. and Eleanor McNamara, (6) Roy and J. Leo Ward, and (7) A. D. and Kathryn Rutherford. The Rutherfords were aware of the 1896 filing but were uncertain as to the validity of the water right. Consequently, on March 1, 1933> they filed an application with the Division of Water Resources, predecessor to the State Water Rights Board, to appropriate water by this same diversion (Application No. 7513 )• Subseqioently, License Nxmber 1958 was issued to them to divert 0.03 cubic feet per second for domestic use. Ovmers of the diversion system and water rights since the Rutherfords are Heirlan Wilson, Louis K. Shostai, Mr. and Mrs. Gordon R. Weller, 8tnd Nina G. Weller and Charles R. Cou^lan. D-3 Upper Field Gulch Ditch (Diversion 17N/2E-20R2; Middle Fork Sub\mit), This diversion is from unnamed springs located about three -tenths mile southeasterly from the confluence of the Middle and North Forks of Smith River. It vas begun about I852 by Horace Gasquet, aind has been used continuously ever since. After the death of Mr. Gasquet in I896, the diversion and its area of use were purchased by Fred Frantz and J. B. Endert. On May 29, 1896, these owners filed an application to appropriate "all the water of a tributary of Smith River" for this diversion. The filing is recorded in Book C of Locations at page 323, Del Norte County Records. Other owners of the diversion in order following those named above were Ralph W. Lake, J. P. Bowman, J. J. and Eleanor McNamara, and C. Roy and J. Leo Ward. Throughout this period, ownership of the diversion remained xmdivlded, but the Wards deeded it in three parts to separate parties. A one -third interest in the ditch, together with part of the a2^a of use, was deeded to B. C. Endert, and another third to Joe Woods. At a later date the Wards deeded the remaining one-third interest to A. D. and Kathryn PUitherford. The Rutherfords were aware of the 1896 appropriation, but were uncertain as to the validity of the water right due to the property having been subdivided. Consequently, they filed an application with the Division of Water Resources, predecessor of the State Water Rights Board, on March 1, 1933, (Application No. 7512). Subsequently, they were granted License Number 173'4- for the diver- sion of 0.025 cubic feet per second for the Irrigation of two acres. This water right has been assigned in order to Harlan Wilson, Louis K. Shostak, Mr. and Mrs. Gordon R. Weller, and Nina G. Weller and Charles R. Coughlan. Besides acqiiiring this water ri^t and the interest in the diversion held by the Rutherfords, the Wellers also bo\aght the one-third interest in the diversion owned by Joe Woods. The combined two-thirds interest in the diversion and the 1933 appropriative water right weu-e assigned to the present owners in 1958. B. C. Endert has retained his one-third interest in the diversion to the present. D-i^ I I Rl W RIE R3E R4E R5E U -B X I LOCATION OF UNIT 1958 U N p R^-^T H j?;;Sf^]fappF-?^^ 'Q\J,^-,g^ J_dJ-_''«r.iLi-:;;,J-^ ^— ' ^..^kli^.^ tVV J ^* I ^-y-A \ V /_ -N « E. 10 ERINQ mix ' . . V / V 7 c / • % r^. ."2" ^T SI'." SMITH RIVER HYOROGRAPHIC UNIT LAND AND WATER USE Tsi O 'ft-'T 'H ,^ ; ; J J FORK ..;:;^;; :^ / M I . "D . D r:mzz7;w^''T!^^ ^'^^^-''^^'- '"^^'s'P^'t. ^" \^' ^J'^^^JStk^ ^.;«Lir5Kfl»^''|-=-' 51 l- - \ 'r^'3 ,'---fiwI>«t-J C R .M ^h' "1 ) 1 .■; / i_"i'!c:^'i.--aj_LXXLi__ 1 . ! . r ■ ' • 1 °^^^E^EcF^^ LAND AND WATER USE — •-iciit_JllLul_i.y,,.£iAi5lJi^ SHiSl S|(^t^:^^^px;^T-rrrT5rn=rT9rT- N O R^../H FORK ; -^^■ 1. 10 Kuwmu • ^ T • •i" _1 J_ _!_ LAND AND WATER USE -'^:; t^'"'"' ^fHF ^1 -N, ,-■' ^^5^tW^^ /■ F O R.K 1 Z^ «\ niP's^^^rXit*" OR' Kt: -N._^-'-J I I |_ Ll 'Nl OIS""" f^^^r- ;B 1 V E R ' x^ LAND AND WATER USE ^i^f^^^r-^^" -^'^^p^. :,vmmi'j^^<^^^ s^. -:' o ;' u '^'^^te mm LAND AND WATER USE jz:m^rwmF^:'^^^^^w^^''^^7?;m^^^W7r^ y ~-^ '^ /^, LAND AND WATER USE k\ T ? . 1 \ .]] -J"" ■/ \ 1 i I I ^■- 1' i I ""™!:! • 'H .• ■ [3 LAND AND WATER USE "^F"" ^}: ^V ^'Wi^ ^ y A |W3 >^ .„,..-.. |™r) -^ ■ ^.^ V . . . ™:ir ■HHH?!? LAND AND WATER USE 3tL^J^K rJ^ "Pi .' ■ ■, •. 1^ • ■s 1 ^. — 4^- ■ -I r\ \ u^ ^ y-' \ ■•^ /i CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS 1 CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS 7' '7r ^'^$^rp'^^;;v--^'^-j^^^^^^T^-i^ 5ib^^-i-§_ji- i":J CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS en IZZl CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS ^K ■^'^^^^M^ir^^^^ :!-' y :.ttU Tin CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS ^^^■'^^ZZ'^W*'^' '"' '^i^^^*^- t'^-i^'^^v^': ^ '^/" C=] DCMBTMKNT Of * SMITH RIVCN HVONOORAPHIC UNIT CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS ■ '^■ fl^u '^ ■/' ■ / ' LA ^ ■• }i_l N CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS .A "WMk^^mv^^^^ m^ ~^r V. V, |-n^WT^Wifl] ^^:> J [^3 CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL 354260 California, Dept, of Water Resources, Bulletin, PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LIAVIS 3 1175 02037 7258