THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES B. 0. DA I. U<. 1EXA3 Universal Shorthand Especially Adapted to the Use of Schools, with a View to Private Study, BY- W. L. MUSICK. SECOND EDITION. W. L. Musick Publishing Co., St. Louis, Mo. 1905. COPYRIGHT 1905 BY WILLIAM L. MUSICK. PREFACE The author of this system of shorthand has never been an advocate of more systems, and yet, after publishing books in the fifteen different leading systems for many go fc vears, and being in touch with the leading schools, teach- t * > ers. and writers, he has found that there is a demand for 3 9 a system and a text book that will cover the field and will J obtain the results which il will be found that this system and this book will do. t* T & It has all the speed qualities of any of the Pitmanic ^ systems, and all the legible qualities of the most legible. In these points lies its power, and if examined with either j in view the power of the system and the plan will be a H pleasant surprise. The author relies solely upon its merit, and not upon claims. THE AUTHOR. 449506 Table of Contents. PAGE The Alphabet 1 Vowel Positions 2 Circles and Loops 7 Shortening Principle 11 The Ticks 23 Hook Rules 29 \Yords Beginning with Vowels 37 Prefixes and Suffixes 41 Terminations 49 Reporting Phrases 61 Days, Months, States and Cities ,,.,,,, 65 UNIVERSAL DICTATION COURSE. The Universal Dictation Course, in this system, made up of actual business letters and other matter selected from twenty-six different lines of business, beginning with easy letters and gradually bringing in more difficult work, should follow the work in this book. The two books make a complete course, and comprise a vocabulary of words that will not only cover the vocabulary of business correspondence, but contains a very large vocabulary of Court and General Reporting. The matter is selected from actual letters in the dif- ferent lines of business, and the testimony from actual court work. W. L. MUSICK PUBLISHING Co. St. Louis, Mo. UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. LESSON I. Alphabet. abcdef ghi j k 1m nopq r stuvw xyz ........ / ......... U ........ SPECIAL SIGNS. ces \ses / sh ch th wh ss h The sign for o is joined with an angle. The sign for x is k-s. The sign for c is k with a tick through it, and is used for initial letter only, as when c has the soft sound ^ is used, and when it has the hard sound k is used in spelling words. The sign for j and z is the same. The stroke for "r" is always written upward. "L and I" may be written upward or downward. Write the alphabet over and over until it can be written without referring to the book, and then learn the "Vowel Positions." UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Vowel Positions. The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, some sound of which is heard in every word. To save time in writing and yet make the reading perfectly plain, these vowels are rep- resented by positions as follows : ba be bi bo bu ma me my mo mu pie boy pew a position e o . ;; _/ ) j _....'Z^r>. v __ v _v \ o-ou . The sound of oi and oy are written on the t posi- tion. The sound of on and oiv are written on the o position. The sound of au is written on the o position. The sign for b written on the a position, as above, is ba for bay; on i position it is bi or boi for by or buy or boy. The sign for p written on u position is pu for pew. Should there be more than one vowel in a word, write the first consonant stroke on the position of the first vowel heard in pronouncing the word. 1. Any character except g, k, v, m, f, r, may be shaded to add r. "F" may be shaded when shortened. Reading and Writing Exercises. Write the following words by placing the proper con- sonant sign on the vowel position to spell the word. Read and write the following shorthand plates over and over until they can be written accurately and read without hesitation. UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 3 Pay, pea, pie, pew, pray, pry, tea, tie, to, tray, try, true, gay, go, way, we, were (down), we are (down), was, you, your, yours, he, his, him, home, she, who, why, see, saw, so, they, there or their, where. Z \ \ n Now, near, fear, nor, know, no, soon, boy, toy, bough, how, do, trials, trip, this, way, time, passes, masses, houses, draw, gash, here, hear, her, hire, higher. N, Word Signs and Phrases. Many words occur very frequently so that it is both safe and expedient to represent them by simple strokes or signs which soon become as familiar as figures, and are really an aid to reading as well as speed, as soon as they are thoroughly fixed in the mind. 2. The small circle at the end of a character in phras- ing is as, has, is, his, or us. a-an-and, the, I or eye, of, in, at, ad, had, it, all, well, will, have, if, for, oh or owe, on, or, order, each, which, much, to, are, when, up, before, as, has, is, his, us-use, 4 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. who, whom, what, think, to-day, come, company, on us, for us, of us, for his, number, remember. j \ \ I C.../^... ./: c r -'/" r ! L.) 3. A small hook at the beginning, on the upper or right hand side of straight strokes is "1." Call, glad, play, rail, roll, till, plum, place, please. 4. A small hook on the left hand or under-side of straight strokes, at the end, is n. If this hook be closed it is ns. Pen, run, win, can, gain, pens, runs, wins, cans, gains, at once, at hand. 5. The shaded t on o position is to our or to or. The sign for in shaded is in our. The sign for o on u position and shaded is o-u-r, our. Our, to our, in our, were, we are, time, home, hum, have, if, for, of, which, way, dray, draw (in words like UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. draw, the w stroke may be added if desired, but it is not necessary), line, loan, love, live, lake, like, look, up, before, upset. / Dear Sir : We hope to hear soon when you think you may go to see the houses which you said you saw. We wish to see what they look like, and to know where they are. They were for sale when he was here and we think we may sell same for him soon. The company may look for him at once. We hope you may call soon and tell us all you know of this. Yours truly, p_.....f.. UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Suggestion. The student should not spend any time looking ahead of the present work. Do not borrow trouble and you will naturally have less trouble. Be satisfied to cross the river when you get to it. The hardest things will be easy, if you take the easy things with you until you reach the hard ones. In all your practice and study on the principles, think out the spelling of the word or phrase but always write what you think. You are only half studying if you write without thinking or think without writing. You must do both. After completing the prihciples and taking up the dic- tation work in the Universal Dictation Course, you should continue to go over the principles in this book. Do this systematically. Begin with the first lesson and write and think everything over again. You can easily go over a lesson a day besides your other work, and in the end you will be rewarded by having 40% more speed and by being 40% more accurate. This will also result in your receiving 40% more money for your services. UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. LESSON II. Circles and Loops. 6. The enlarged circle is jj for ces, ses, sez, the same as given in the group of special signs. Still another s or z sound may be added following the large circle, by writing another small circle after, on the other side of the stroke. System, sister, passes, possess, possesses, success, suc- cesses, chooses, losses, season, desire, dear sir. fc~ / NO X) o-o -G> -3 > 7. ^The loop instead of the circle is st, sd, zd, etc., and this loop is made larger to add r. Another s or z sound may be added by writing a circle following on the other side of the stroke. Most, mast, muster, post, poster, posters, fossil, voiced, suggest, breast, nests, lists, store, step, still, stuff, stab, dishonest, honest. ~ ' " - ^ *"' 8. The signs for o, u, sh, may be minuted or made verv small to add /. 8 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Old, ultimo, shall, shalt, challies (shalis), older, shoul- der, shelter. i IS * I " < t Outline Positions. Wake, take, cape, keep, peck, pick, kite, kind, coat, top, tip, map, mop, palm, plum, pipe, cake, cook, kick, paper, popular, gig, giggle, shape, sheep, mole, mill, meal, male, mule. Note. The horizontal or perpendicular tick for a or e, and the signs for o and u, and the stroke for i, may be used anywhere in an outline to express the vowels, when necessary. So that we have the connective vowel and the position vowel schemes combined, which must mean both brevity and legibility. The stroke for i may be shortened for t, d, th, or shaded to add r. The signs for o and u may be enlarged for /, d, th, and when they spell the word out, are written on the line. Word Signs. Next, instant, establish-ed-ment, stenograph-er-y, influ- ence-ed, influences, first, at first, satisfy-ed-actory, ex- UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 9 traordinary, opportunity, Mr., to-day, to-morrow, disap- point-ed-ment, business, advantage, disadvantage. 6 .'. :v.. _7\ _s _ Your order of the 10th, we may, yours of the 15th, in reply, as you, saw you, request us, in which, he will, at once, wish you, you may, sell you, what you, when you, as is, as his, as has, is as, is his, usual-ly. \'*~ ^ <^ ^x -^ - <^-^ ** zf- /"^ 3v oo . . ^ ^ *. ^-^% o o--o - : 1. Dear Sir : Yours at hand to-day and we have seen your son. He seems to suit for our work which he will take up at once. We wish you to call on us at any time you may have opportunity. We wish to sell you what you wish to buy in our line and on the usual terms. We hope to hear soon as to when you think you may be here. Yours truly, / / i ^_^ "^ / '"'"^ ^>-*"' ' y * \c c 71" *- L ^\ J / / ^ ' i ^ ^ y~r 7 ^....^..^ ^1 ' - 1 -/ ^ ^- } ^ ^ 10 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Dear Sir: We will come next week and take advan- tage of the opportunity which we had at first. If we have no disappointment, we shall establish a satisfactory business. We know we shall have some extraordinary disadvantage. We know the influence of Mr. Thomas is for us, and he will be here to-day or to-morrow. We hope to see you at the same time. Yours truly, 7"7' 5 ~*~r ' c 'u^ ^ >** r ^f i / v "^ i x Note. When you are not sure about a word, spell it out and write what you spell and it will be correct, usually, however we should desire and work for brief and safe outlines. UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 11 LESSON III. The Shortening Principle. 9. Any stroke may be made half-length to add t, d, th, and any other character may be enlarged to add t, d, th. Note. "F" may be shaded for r when shortened. "V cannot be shortened. Full length "F" is never shaded. Let, light, get, made, could, would, with, letter, father, another, write, wrote, received, did, send, sent, present, prompt, whether, other, shutter, under, but, shatter spatter, went, cannot. _ / I. ..0^*. C _j^__ _- .. ..... 10. The shortened t or d is ted, ded, tet, del, and may be written disjoined at the end if it does not make a good joining. Shaded adds r. Matted, noted, rated, plated, heated, loaded, coated, sighted, battered, scattered. ^ S 4 P I -' * r-x*r"=? r * " 12 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 11. A small hook at the beginning of the curved strokes b, d, f, v, and i, is "I" Blame, dell, dale, flow, fly, black, blind, island, ill, I will, bloated, floated. 12. A short horizontal or perpendicular tick at the beginning, medial or end, is a, an, and, or e. Of a, to a, for an, and a. at a, and at, arrest, and of, and for, and it, a few, and if, disappear, disease, diet. 13. A short tick at the end of a character, in the direction of w, either up or down, is the. At the, for the, by the, if the, do the, as the, is the, why the, who the, could the, can the, upon the, would the, should the, shall the, where the. I- \ / -T> v\ s: * ........ ^ ......... C ................... ~ ~ p ....... ? ...... =- * ^L ...... ___________________________________________ ...... / ^ 14. The short / on a position is at or ad. The sign for at or ad may be written regardless of position in phrasing and in long words. Adjust, readjust, at most, admire, at hand, attend, tent. { ......... k ........ .J ..... UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 13 15. A small hook at the end on the right or upper side of straight strokes is / or v, also at the end of the stroke for d. Note. The "n" hook on "d" is smaller than the "/ or if' hook on "d." Definite, defend, defer, defy, differ, difference, gave, gift, to have, pave, proof, strive, wave, we have, we have your. 16. "F" on "u" is "fu" for "if you." "K" short for "kd" is "could," and with the "n" hook is "could not." The "n" hook added to "k" in phrasing is "can," and "not" is added by writing short "n." If you, if you can, if you cannot, if you could not, we cannot, we could not, if you can get an order. (Use the tick for a-an-and horizontal or perpendicular.) And go to, call a halt, and in reply will say. fea-^ ..... b ............ --- ...... .. ... 17... r^- SO ~ > 17. A very slight slanting tick, at the beginning or end of an outline, is "si" or zl. Slain, slam, slender, slack, sleeve, sliced (the tick is "e.") slander, myself, himself, yourself, herself, your- selves, themselves. *( > 14 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 18. The strokes for m, n, r, v, f, may be lengthened to add ter, der, thcr. The hook may be used inside of th for n. Use sh for ch when necessary to make a good joining. Matter, mother, writer, rather, rather than, elevator, cultivator, return, returns, further, farther, barter, quarter, weather, wider, whether, whether there is, than, then, thine, reach, rich, roach, (use the sh for ch on the r and n strokes.) Word Signs and Phrases. Ever-every, have, however, over, very, in, any, amount, account, company, average, several, behind, immediately, much, think, thank-ed, oversight, overweight, overdraw, overlook, at, ad, had, at it, had it. 'it had, been, with us, we could, send you, about. I I I II II II ) / -------- ........ ----- <--** UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 15 T. J. Boycl & Co., 1 - Cincinnati, Ohio. Gentlemen : Yours received, and we could send you the nut coal at the price we stated in our letter to you a few days ago. If you think that you would use it at the price, let us hear at once, and the amount you need at present, and it will be shipped promptly. We could, however, make you a better price on other terms which may suit you. We hope to hear promptly so we may look after the matter immediately. Yours truly, o Milligan Grocer Co., Salem, Mass. Gentlemen : We have received another letter in regard to the same matter, and they write that you should have ship- ped the goods, and that they have waited several days to hear what the matter is. Of course the waters are high and they do not expect you to be as prompt as us- ual, but they need the goods now and desire to know whether you think they should wait or order somewhere else. Let us know what you think about it, so that we may write so they may know what to do. Yours truly, P. S. Did you see Joe to-day? If you did not let me know so we may write him. We may not go there and I am not sure of his address. 16 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. This shorthand plate should be practiced and read over and over until it can be read without referring to the printed copy. A. v^> u .r... I / Q-,0 X UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 17 LESSON IV. 19. The stroke v inverted is vr. Fl inverted is fr. V, vr, fl, fr, vl, veil, flame, frame. 20. The stroke for m shaded is mp or mb. A small hook at the beginning of m and n is mr, nr, and a large hook is ml and nl. The mp or mb lengthened is mpr or mbr. Stamp, damper, slum, slumber, lumber, Mr., market, animal, dimple, simple, L/amar, manner, near. Tf 21. A large hook at the beginning of g, k, t, d, is w. Queen, quote, quire, twice, twist, dwell, quarrel, twill, Gualm, request. 22. A large hook at the beginning of n is "I." Funnel, tunnel, kennel, manual, panel, journal. 18 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 23. A small hook at the beginning or left hand side of straight strokes is "r," except on the stroke "r." Gray, crate, crowd, crime, trim, wire. * F=r c FSi / " 24. A small hook on the inside of curves, at the end, is "n". "S" may be written inside of this n hook, or the 1 hook at the beginning. Fine, vain, bind, join, June, supply, mine, known, demands. 25. In writing dollars and cents, place the figures representing dollars in the e position, on the line, and the cents on a position. In writing hours, minutes and seconds, write the figures for hours in a position, minutes in e position, and seconds in o position. Write book, chapter, and page; degrees, minutes, and seconds; pounds, shilling, and pence, etc., in the same way. $125.85, $4.25, 4 hrs. 25 min. 23 sec., 40 34' 15", 6. 7s. 9d. In many words, it will be perfectly safe to express ty, dy, etc., by a half length stroke at the end, and ly is often expressed by the / stroke. UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 19 Word Signs and Phrases. From, value, after, after you, opinion, before, beyond, object-ed, observe-d, important-ce, improve-d-ment, diffi- cult-y, acquaint-ed-ance, unfortunate, or in our opinion, from day to day. ^- A_ -V- ) ^^ x C Note. The words of, of the, from to, may be ex- pressed by proximity, that is, by writing outlines near to each other. The words him, them, may be expressed by the m stroke Yours of the 25th, your letter of the 15th, from time to time, your orders, with your, we can, assure you, we shall do, from you, with him, with them, more than, as soon as possible, two or three, days time, but you can, we would not, in all, when you see, when you saw them, when we sent you the, when we saw them, please you. 20 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 1. Mr. M. L. Johnson, St. Louis, Mo. Dear Sir: Yours of the 10th inst. is received and we must say that while we may not be able to ship you the goods as soon as we should, we shall not delay a moment more than we can help. We must have two or three days time, but you can depend upon it that we will ship as soon as possible. We would not like for you to cancel this order for we have the quality and the quantity, and know that we can please you. We will crowd the mat- ter, and as soon as the car can be loaded we will send it to you. We hope this will be satisfactory and that we may often have the opportunity to fill your future orders. Yours truly, 2. Mr. G. M. Simon, Madison, 111. Dear Sir : Yours of the 25th inst. at hand and noted. We shall be pleased to have your orders from time to time, and we shall attend to them promptly. We are some- what acquainted with your needs and feel quite sure that we can supply them in a satisfactory manner. We are indeed glad of the opportunity to sell you, and assure you we shall do our best to furnish you just the goods your trade demands. We shall be glad to hear from you often. Yours truly, UNIVERSAL, SHORTHAND. 21 ^ r~**~ L^. -5.c 7 J . r " Li .......... I -X- 22 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 3. Dear Sir: Your letter of the 15th instant at hand and in our opinion, from what we have observed from day to day the acquaintance to which you refer has been un- fortunate. We have, at different times, noted the diffi- culty between the boys, however after you have thought the matter over you will find that they have been of very great value to each other in more ways than one. When we saw them we had a talk with them and we were more than pleased, and assure you they will please you. In all we have seen we would not expect greater improvement. They realize the importance of their work and are very satisfactory. Yours truly, UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 23 LESSON V. The Ticks. 26. A tick at the beginning or end of a character, in the direction of w, is the or /. This tick may be written upward or downward. It may be used between strokes for these words. It is called the "The" tick. This tick may be shaded when written downward, for thr making there, their or they are. I shall, I shall not, I shall not see you, have I, shall I, shall the, I am, I may, I may not, I am not, I will, I will not, I have it, I could, I can, could I, can I, if I, if it, if it is, if it were, would the, would there, when the, when there-their, when they are, what the, what their, when there is, what there is, if there, if there is, since they are, since you are, it is their, was there, does there, he is there, remain there, whom thev are. Ts fr*-" 1 ^-s. v_ <^- ^ > ^> >-^ ^ J 7 jJL-H ^ ^ ,. :2 X . *~j p ** *-r V*^- -V^ *\jp ^4 7 "/ "/ X ^^ -A -j, 27. A dot at the end of a character is ng, ing, inger, ingly, ingness, or thing. A break in the middle of an out- line is ing. The "the" tick detached at the end is "ing the." The j sign instead of the dot is ings. The thr tick detached is ing there or ing their. 24 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Being, going, doing, having, paying, knowing, sowing, seeing, sing, bring, linger, long, longer, seemingly, know- ingly, willingly, willingness, nothingness, Washington, Wellington, Bennington, Birmingham, Kensington, Stonington, having the, knowing the, doing the, paying the, writing the, losing the, leavings, writings, doings. ) < V, .<=: v ~k _..^,1 i 28. The sign for y at the end of a stroke is you, and shaded is your or you are. It may be used at the end of a word for 3; or ly, and if shaded it is ry. Only, duty, dirty, carry, money, hereby, thereby, lately, daisy, crazy, sweetly, kindly, plenty, quality, quantity, nearly, many, sincerely, severely, wintry, country, pan- try, foundry, pleasantry, poultry, mastery, county, pas- try, casualty, balance, between, liberty, value, valuable, unreasonable, just, better, remainder, select, suffered. UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. "25 Words and Phrases. Glad, gladly, necessary, unnecessary, it is necessary, next week, absolute-ly, better able (to), on hand wherein, whenever, what will, we must have, in reply, in reply will say. The tick for h may be struck up to make a good join- ing if necessary. Strike p through or detached for "party," and k through for "company." The skr is formed imperfectly after d. The / hook may be used on h. Behalf, behave, democrat party, political party, republi- can party, description, desk, he will, he will be. c, - f 1. Mr. W. L. Wilson, Harrisburg, Pa. Dear Sir: Yours of the 12th inst. received and noted. We are glad to know that you are better able to take care of our business there now. It is necessary for us to keep in touch with that part 26 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. of the business of which you have charge, and we insist that we must have prompt report whenever called for. As the writer will be there next week it is unneces- sary to send anything this week. We should be glad if you would remit the balance on last month, then every- thing will be absolutely straight. The remainder due us is small, and we have no anxiety about it, but you understand that just at this time I want to have every- thing up-to-date at this end. Yours truly, 2. J. P. Mason & Co., Rochester, N. Y. Gentlemen : We are glad to know that you are having the suc- cess that you are, in your line. We are sure that you are doing the wise thing in staying with that business. We have your order of the 12th inst., and in reply will say that we are short on some of the goods you order, but are shipping what there is remaining. If there is not enough of it for you let us know how much more you will need, and include other items sufficient to make a shipment and we will send as soon as possible. What will you require for the next month? If you will make us an estimate, we will try to arrange so there may be no delay hereafter. We can have the quantity and the quality ready for you if we only know the kind you want in time so we may select it. Kindly make us an estimate some time between now and the first. Trusting to hear from you soon, we are, Yours truly, UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 27 ? A . I U_x p- 28 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Suggestion. The thing of first importance is accuracy or correct shorthand outlines. This means that you must know the principles and use them all, not just a few of them. Of equal importance is much reading and writing, which is the secret of speech. Reading helps very much more that you would think to increase speed, as it gets the form fixed in the mind so that the mind always has them ready just as when you talk. Much writing at different rates of speed is necessary to train the hand to put down what the mind furnishes. The value of this practice depends upon how the outlines are formed in the mind, yet these things must go together and grow together. UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 29 LESSON VI. The Hook Rules. 29. A small final hook on the right-hand side of slant- ing straight strokes, on the upper side of horizontal straight strokes, and on the inside of the stroke "d," is / or v. In phrasing, this hook may be used for have, to have, or of. Give, gave, stone, prone, cane, wave, weave, we have, pave, puff, huff, half, to have, rough, which have, draft, dive. , ....................... ...... - .......... I ^ ( ...... ..... 30. A small hook at the end on the underside of straight strokes and inside of curves (except "d"), is . If this hook be closed on the straight strokes it is ns. The loops joined in the same way add n to them, for nst, nts, nstr. Pain, wine, rain, cone, gain, hone, hind, main, known, John, vain, fine, phone, pains, gains, hones, winced, against, punster, dinner, differ. ~ ........ J- ........ ..... * ......... = ......... 7 V^ \ _ 30 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 31. The "n" hook at the end of "d" is made very small. The "f or v" hook at the end of "d" is slightly larger than the "n" hook, and the hook for "shun, shus, or shul," etc., on "d" is made very large. Do not, different, condition, consideration, did not, do you not, dividend, defer. "C fp 6 u " / \c~ C 32. A large 4iook on the n side of straight strokes, is ntr, ndr, or nthr. .Tender, render, panther, canter, wonder, wander, win- dow, (same as winder). <7 33. A small hook on the left-hand or underside of straight strokes, at the beginning, is "r." This hook may be closed to prefix "s," making str, spr, skr. Pray, spray, strive, scrap, script, spring, scramble, scribe. , I *) ..... ' UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 31 34. The circle for "s" may be written inside of the hooks for f, v, n. Staves, waves, fines, caves, Jones, beans, buns, halves, vines. 35. A large hook at the end, on right-hand upper side of straight strokes and inside of curves is shun, shits, shut, shunate, for tion, sion, cion, chcon, dan, sian, tied, cial, tious, cious, tient, dent, shun-ate-ed, etc. The curl after s at the end may represent the same sounds. Passion, fashion, motion, mission, nation, tuition, par- tial, cautious, revision, relation, position, disposition, proposition, division, facial, irrigation, luncheon, ocean, proportion, attention, quotation, sensation, education, pro- ficient, deficient, efficient, sufficient. 32 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 36. A small curl may be written before s at the begin- ning for in, en, un. The s may be written inside of the large w hook. Inscribe, instruct, inspire, inspiration, in some, un- seemly, unseen, enslave, squash, exquisitely. It is very important that word-signs be learned well. They should finally become as familiar as figures, so that they may be written without thinking any more than one thinks of the figure "2" in making figures. This cannot be done in a day nor in a week. It takes much practice, but the better these are learned now the easier the future lessons will be, because if these words do not trouble the mind hereafter it will have less to carry when the next lesson is taken up. All the words learned will occur fre- quently in other exercises, so that they will finally become familiar. Copy the shorthand over and over, and read it over and over and write from dictation. Word Signs and Phrases. Information, satisfaction, objective, objection, super- intend-ent, subject-ed, subjection, represent, representa- tive, representation, respectfully, govern-or, government, consider-able-ably, change, exchange, within, without, with it, hopeful, careful-ly. believ-ed, belief, advertise-d- ing-ment, in order (to), in reference (to), to have, to UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 33 be, to give, to give it, out of, shall have, favor of, we have, we give or gave, you will have. f ....^>. u . ^ __ ^^, x.<^s,_..x^...x*_, _^ ?, {^ ^^." ; . V .^ L 5 1. Mr. H. L. Shotwell, Battle Creek, Mich. Dear Sir: Your letter of the 15th inst. at hand and noted. We quote you hard coal at $12.25 per ton f. o. b. cars there, and lump coal at $3.75 per ton f. o. b. cars here. 34 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. We are able to fill orders promptly in your city now, and shall give your orders prompt and careful attention. Prices are somewhat higher, but we shall not take ad- vantage of the advance on shipments to you this month. Trusting to hear from you in the near future with an order, we are, Yours truly, 2. The Hogan Mercantile Co., Washington, D. C. Gentlemen : We have your letter of the 12th inst. in regard to books, and herewith enclose you catalogue of our publica- tions which will give you the desired information. We shall certainly be pleased to give you the very best terms and discounts, and shall give you the most prompt and careful service. We are hopeful that you may decide to adopt some of our books for each department of your school. We will make it to your interest to do so, in fact, we think you will find it to be the interest of your school, upon exam- ination, and feel quite sure you will adopt them if you give them a trial. Thanking you and hoping to have your frequent fa- vors in the future, we are. Yours truly, UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. .....TT^.. . 3. H. H. Johnson & Co., Madison, 111. Gentlemen : We have your letter of the 15th inst., and in reply will say that we had our representative call at your man- ufacturing establishment, and, from the representation of your superintendent to him and the information he gathered elsewhere, we are of the opinion that your objection is well founded, and we shall govern ourselves accordingly. 36 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. We have had considerable trouble lately in getting our advertising department to come v.ithin the limit of the amount we have set apart for that purpose, but we believe we shall be able to do so without any material reduction of space. In order to do this we shall have to make some change in the arrangement of space in the different magazines and papers. In reference to the returns from our advertisements, it may be some satisfaction to you if we inform you that our responses have been much better and larger in num- ber than last year through the same mediums. We shall be careful in reference to that matter, and are hopeful that we may succeed in arranging every- thing satisfactory. Respectfully, .../../ yVt^rf~N: ^ *~ I ^ X ) UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 37 LESSON VII. Words Beginning with Vowels. 34. The vowel signs are written without regard to position, if followed by a consonant, the outline being written on the position of the accented vowel following the consonant stroke. In words like "our," the o is writ- ten on u position. Reading and Writing Exercises. Alike, awake, after, hereafter, article, attend, attend- ance, admonish, avail, appeal, appear, apt, April, attrac- tive, attic, attack, assort, answer, ask, aside, entire, ascer- tain, assent, assessor. ^ L.. >. ^....-r....L..Z^. \ -V x- L , I 449506 38 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Word Signs and Phrases. Principle-al, organ-ize, organizes, organized, organi- zation, deliver-ed, against, again, change-ed, exchange- ed, charge-d, anxious, astonish-ed-ment, bushel, general- ly, happy, happiness, itself, particular-ly, peculiar-ity, remark-ed-able, secure, surprise, surprised, spirit, toward, to-day, to-morrow, withheld, withhold, beheld, unable. c J J " I/ 1. Mr. J. V. Horton, St. Louis, Mo. Dear Sir: We have your letter of the 15th inst. in regard to making sale to the party mentioned. We are surprised that you did not succeed. If you were with him as long as you say you were, you should have been able to sell him. Since you were unable to secure the order, under the UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 39 circumstances, we believe you did not handle him as you should. We believe he can be reached in some other way. If you cannot do it, let us know at once and we will take it up with him at once by mail. If you can get an order we shall be glad to know it. Hoping to hear from you by return mail, we are, Yours truly, 2. B. F. Williams & Co., Omaha, Xeb. Gentlemen : We have your order of the loth inst. and in reply have to say that we are glad to hear from you again and shall be pleased to make the exchange with you. We are in a peculiar situation at this particular time. There is a somewhat organized effort against us and we have discovered several irregularities in a general way, toward which we shall have to direct our attention. We want to take the matter up to-day or to-morrow, and show some spirit in our opposition to the machine methods which they are using. We regard it as some- what remarkable that they should withhold the informa- tion to which we are entitled. They seemed to regard us with astonishment when we, without any hesitation, delivered the papers to them promptly upon their request. We fill your order to-day and hope to see you soon in regard to the other matters. Yours truly, 40 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. .1- \ T VJL^ * ^ .SsrJLtL.- ._^..A^_.. V // ) c/> I O > -v 9 ' / lo ...: ..^^...\^\.... < ^>^...?^r^.....^.....^ ? , ," I ^r../...V^..../ \ -'"^ ,N... "%.' J .../?..,=> B <>s. i ^.....^...^..,^..,N_y^.....!:V^ ,^ -rrr ^^--^c---^ 2 *-^ -^N -W-s^csr "OV * r" ""V- 2^; <^ / ./ ^s. /... ............. ....x ........... .......g. ................ < L^L^=^^ ___________ .,. J. S. Munson & Co., 3 Harrisburg, Pa. Gentlemen : We have your order booked for 3 cars of nut coal and 2 cars of lump coal. These will go forward as soon UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 47 as they can be loaded. We are confident that we can complete the order and have it all shipped by the last of the week. We note that you complain of some delay on previous order, but we contend that we complied promptly with the conditions of your order, and if you will compare the dates, in which we note you have some conflict, you will consider that we did better than you thought. You will confer a favor on us if you will look into the matter and mention it when you write again. We do not want to put you to any inconvenience. We recognize and appreciate the value of your trade and shall be pleased to consider anything whereby we may accom- modate you. Hoping to have your frequent favors, we are, Yours truly, 2l 48 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Mr. G. M. Wilson, Boston, Mass. Dear Sir: I have your favor of the 15th inst. and note con- tents. We do not wish to magnify small things nor in- terfere in anything, but think this is a magnificent op- portunity to introduce this new system of keeping ac- counts with the different departments. It is not uncommon for us to have considerable delay on account of our present deficient method. You rec- ognize this as well as I, and I, having had this uncom- fortable experience for some time, and, having exam- ined this new system with considerable interest and care, have decided to recommend it for next year. Hoping you will reconsider the matter and decide to introduce the international, I am, Yours truly, ............. ~.......^_....^...... ^ *\/ A.m. II. .7) m .J ^rrfj ^rrn^t ....I 1... 60 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 45. The sign f-s detached is fulness, and the sign l-s detached is lessness. Hopefulness, gracefulness, carefulness, lawfulness, mindfulness, carelessness, hopelessness, restlessness, shiftlessness. 46. The sign for wh, may be enlarged to add were, would; and the sign for u may be enlarged to add would, and shaded for you were. What were you, what would you, where were you, where would you, what were you doing there, where were you going, what would you think, where would you go, you were. Word Signs and Contractions. Recollect, recollection, defendant, plaintiff, deliver-ed, privilege-d, legislature-or-ion-ive, public-ation, associa- tion, develop, development, indispensible, intelligent-ence- ly, unquestion-able-y, origin-al-ly, inhabit in the habit, UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 61 inhabitant, downward, heretofore, hereto, collection, collect, nevertheless, notwithstanding, acknowledge-ed- ment, distinct-ion, infer-ence, testimony, testify, accept, except, exception-al-able, language, together with, abso- lutely necessary, my ability, your ability, best of my abil- ity, legislative session, session of the legislature. H. L. Johnson, Esq., Chicago, 111. Dear Sir: Your favor of the 20th inst, is received and in reply will say that the subjects upon which you would have to pass for the certificate you desire are as follows : Physi- ology, biology, psychology, geography, phonography, ge- ology, telegraphy, and philosophy, together with the com- mon branches. 52 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. You are already well acquainted with the subjects and will have no difficulty in making a good grade. It is absolutely necessary for you to be here for examination on the 10th of next month as that is the only day on which examinations will be conducted. Trusting this will suit your convenience and not be in any way inconvenient, I am, Yours truly, 2. B. J. Williamson & Co., New York City, N. Y. Gentlemen : We acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 15th inst. We note what you say about the excessive express charges, and we are willing to allow one-half of it and have placed that amount to the credit of your account and you may take it into consideration when you remit at another time. The charge appears to Have been more than it should have been. Will you kindly send us the paid expense bill as a voucher for our entry, and to make claim for the amount ? In all probability we can get it refunded. We do not insist upon this but should be pleased to have it. We are in possession of all the necessary information. We have had very little trouble lately concerning expressage and think this simply an overcharge. We will ask you to send us any other information vou may have that will be of value to us. Thanking you and hoping our disposition of this mat- ter is satisfactory to you, we are, Yours truly UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 53 ^^~ "' ^r x- --*" ~! ^--: X-|- - ^ ^--.-^ v -^-- - Y~ ..2/., y 7 ^^v v^^, "^ /J_^ /^- / ^> J(^^ J ' y^*^? .' ^ ; ^. O / __ ....^... s .^...^^.^ ; ^ \ ^J!l!kiClJ!-Lfa^.^rr^._^^9v^ .X.-.A v .y. .c-x> _^J^.J a ^ lX .",^ rc ^.... c ._.J r .^ x 3. Mr. L. H. Williams, St. Paul, Minn. Dear Sir: We have your order of the 15th inst. and ship same to-day with the exception of one item which reads "1 set of 1% wagon spokes." If the size you give is correct, do you want them for a patent or a common hub? In regard to the other matter, we are willing to make 54 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. some concession. While we are satisfied as to the legal- ity of our position, we are not willing to allow this mat- ter to appear to be a provocation on our part. In all probability we have arrived at our figures from some different standpoint. We have a settled determination to give you satisfaction in every transaction, and you can depend Upon it that we will make any reasonable concession without hesitation. Thanking you, and hoping to have your frequent fa- vors in the future, we are, Yours truly, JEAy../ ' i r^cv../ LiJLfs. 4. J. H. Myers & Son, Sacramento, Cal. Gentlemen : We are just in receipt of your letter of the 28th inst. and in reply will say that we shall have to have, the goods shipped at once or we shall have to cancel our UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 55 order with you. This is a matter over which we have no control or we should certainly not be so apparently rigid with you. Our customer is simply forcing us to get these goods to him on or before a certain date and we are compelled to order them elsewhere unless you are sure you can meet his requirements. You will therefore kindly cancel that order and notify us to that effect at once, or write us definitely that you can and will deliver the goods to our customer on the date mentioned. Hoping to hear from you by return mail in regard to this matter, we are, Yours truly, 2\.y. 5. Mr. A. H. Perkins, Belleville, 111. Dear Sir: We have sent you several statements of your ac- count, but have had no response from you. We must insist that you give this matter attention. We believe 56 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. you will admit that we have been patient with you, but you certainly understand that we cannot allow accounts to run indefinitely. We must have some rule in regard to this matter. Now, we very much prefer that you remit us direct, but in case you do not, we shall have to draw on you through the bank on the 25th inst. with statement and correspondence attached, with instructions to the bank that they place the account in the hands of a collector for collection, if the draft is not paid on presentation. Hoping you will make this step unnecessary, and trust- ing to hear from you before the time mentioned, we are, Yours truly, 6. Mr. A. H. Carter, Cleveland, O. Dear Sir: We enclose you herewith statement of your account.- We have sent you several statements and have written you calling your attention to this matter, but have heard nothing from you. We are certainly entitled to a reply. We have been patient with you and do not want to ap- pear impatient, but we cannot consent to let this account stand longer. It seems useless for us to continue the correspondence, since we received no reply from you, and we, therefore, have drawn on you to-day for the amount, with statement and correspondence attached, with in- structions to the bank not to return the draft to us, but in case it is not paid on presentation, to place the same in the hands of an attorney for collection. Now, in your own interest and that of our future busi- UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 57 ness relations, we very much prefer that you remit us direct, and if you will do so by return mail, we will recall the draft and explain to the bank that the account has been paid. Hoping you will give this matter prompt attention, we are, Yours truly, 58 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 7. Messrs. Gardner & Watson, Atlanta, Ga. Gentlemen : We have your letter, ordering goods to be shipped on the usual terms of credit. We have never had any orders from you before, and have had no occasion to look up your credit, therefore, we shall have to respectfully ask this time that you send us cash for the goods, or al- low us to send them C. O. D. In case you wish them shipped C. O. D., kindly send $10 to cover transportation charges and to show good faith. If you prefer, send us satisfactory bank references and allow us time to get the necessary information. We regret having to delay the shipment in this way, but you know that we must have some rule governing our credit transactions, and are sure that you will understand our disposition in this matter, Hoping everything may be satisfactory, and that our future business relations may prove mutual, pleasant, and profitable, we are, Yours, truly, Mr. G. M. Davidson, Defiance, O. Dear Sir: Your note of $130 on which you have paid $72, is some time past due. Now, Mr. Davidson, we cannot al- low this matter to run along indefinitely. Your letters and your promises are all very good, but we cannot use them in our business. This is not a large amount, and UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 59 we are satisfied that you could have paid it if you had managed your affairs .with this end in view. The time has come when we shall have to make some disposition in this matter, and unless we hear from you in a substantial way within the next few days, we shall have to place the note in the hands of an attorney for col- lection and ask him to secure judgment. We dislike to do this, but we can use a judgment against you in ways in which we cannot use your note. Of course, we are aware that it is a bad record for a man to have a judg- ment standing against him, which may damage his future prospects in various ways but we shall have to leave that matter with you. Regretting that we are forced to come to this decision, and hoping to hear from you soon, we are, Yours truly, 60 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. \ o / UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 61 LESSON X. Words and Phrases in Court Reporting and Gen- eral Reporting. 47. The sign for do not (short d) or did may be written on u position for don't you or did you. The sign d for do may be written on u for do you. Do not, did not, do you, did you, don't you, don't you know, did you see him, do you think. / I ( If the following words and phrases be thoroughly learned, they will wonderfully increase the student's speed in writing and reading court testimony. The shorthand notes in the plates following the selec- tion of phrases, should be read over and over until they can be read without hesitation. This will so impress these phrase outlines on the mind that the speed in writ- ing, after that, will be greatly increased. These phrases are selected from matter taken in ac- tual court work, and occur so very frequently that to write them without hesitation gives more time for that matter which is not so familiar. 62 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. What is your name, what is your business, Secretary, Famous Furniture Co., where do you live, how long have you lived there, are you acquainted, with the defendant, with the plaintiff, state your name, state if you saw, yes sir, no sir, how old are you, where were you, state where you were, I will ask you, state whether or not, state if you know, did you see him, I did not, do you know, I do not know, how long have you been, what is his occupa- tion, don't you know, what were you doing there, could you see him, half past eight, I could not. UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. 63 Writing Exercise. Note. Select the phrases and study and practice them. Q. What is your name ? A. James Johnson. Q. What is your business? A. Secretary of the Famous Furniture Co. Q. Where do you live? .A. I now live in St. Louis. Q. How long have you lived in St. Louis ? A. Three years. Q. Are you acquainted with the defendant ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Are you acquainted with the plaintiff? A. No, sir. Q. State if you saw him at the time of this trouble? A. Yes, sir, and had seen him several times before. Q. How old are you? A. Thirty-seven. Q. What relation, if any, are you to the defendant? A. None. Q. Where were you at the time the first shot was fired? A. I was about 150 feet away. I was on my way home. Q. State where you were when you heard the last shot? A. I was standing in the same place. Q. I will ask you to state whether or not, after this difficulty, any officer came? A. No, sir, not at once. Q. State if you know whether or not any arrest was made? A. I think so. A short time afterward, but I was not present. 64 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Q. Did you see him fire the first shot? A. Yes, sir. Q. Did you see the plaintiff at the time the shot was fired? A. I did not, no, sir. Q. Do you know whether any one else was present and saw the shooting? A. I know there were several there, but I do not know their names. Q. How long have you been acquainted with the de- fendant? A. Five or six years. Q. What is his occupation? A. Drummer. Q. When you first saw him, did he have a gun? A. I suppose so. Q. Don't you know? A. I did not see it at first, but I know he shot. Q. What were you doing there? A. I was going home as usual. Q. When you came in sight, he was ready and did shoot? A. Yes, sir, very soon after I saw him. I saw there was trouble there and stopped. Q. Could you see the plaintiff from where you were? A. No, sir, not at first. Q. Could you tell whether he had a gun or whether he was shooting? A. Yes, sir; I think he fired first. I could hear it, but could not see him. Q. Was it dark? A. No, sir. Q. Was it light? A. It was light, but late. Q. What time was it? A. Half past 8 o'clock when I got home. UNIVERSAL, SHORTHAND. 65 Days, Months, States and Cities. 1. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thurs- day, Friday, Saturday, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, Novem- ber, December, Thanksgiving, Christmas, Easter. 2. East, West, North, South, Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western, Northeast, Northwest, Southwest, 66 UNIVERSAL SHORTHAND. Southeast, Republic, Democratic, Democracy, Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf, House of Representatives, Senate 3. Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Indian Terri- tory, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Mary- land, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. REC'D MLD SEP 2 8 1961 i'orm L9-25)n-9,'47(A5618)444 UNIVERSITY ot AT LOS ANGELES Z c/ 6 Musick- u Universal 19Q shorthand. AL LIBRARY FACILITY A 000 573 572 5 Z$6 H97u 1905