B M 31M 727 V-celled. 1. Erythraea. Corolla funnel-salver-shaped. Anthers finally spiral. Seeds minute. 2. Gentiana. Ovary 1. Placentas 2. Style short. Stigmas 2. Capsule septicidal. Seeds minute. (21) 3. Polemonium. Corolla rotate. Stigmas 3. Filaments inserted at equal heights on the tube of the corolla, ascending; anthers incumbent. 4. Gilia. Corolla rotate funnel-shaped. Stigmas 3. Filaments straight, inserted at equal heights; anthers incumbent. 5. Collomia. Corolla salver-shaped. Stig- mas 3. Filaments inserted at unequal heights and exserted. 6. Convolvulus. Corolla funnel-shaped, pli- cate, 5-angular. Cells of ovary 2-ovu- late. Calyx marcescent. 7. Datura. Corolla funnel-shaped, plicate, 5-angular. Calyx transversely decidu- ous. 8. Nicotiana. Corolla funnel-shaped, pli- cate, 5-angular. Calyx persistent. Cells of ovary oo-ovulate. 9. Rhododendron. Corolla campanulate. Stamens inserted on a disc, not on the corolla. Cells of the anthers opening by pores. Shrubs. 10. Pentstemon. Corolla irregular, funnel- shaped. Stamens of unequal length, one of them sterile. Capsule 2-celled oo-ovulate. (22) e. Fruit baccate. 1. Solanum. Corolla rotate. Anthers opening by apical pores. B. Floral parts gamopetalous, superior. a. Fruit capsular. 1. Samolus. Staminodia 5, alternating with the stamens. Ovary 1-celled. 2. Campanula. Corolla 5-lobed. Ovary flat at its apex. Capsule turbinate de- hiscent by lateral pores. 3. Heterocodon (Campanula). Corolla 5- lobed. Ovary flat at its apex. Capsule turbinate, laterally but irregularly dehis- cent. 4. Specularia. Corolla rotate. Capsule elongated, prismatic, dehiscent laterally by valves. 5. Githopsis. Corolla tubular. Capsule clavate, dehiscent at its apex by the fall- ing off of the base of the style. 6. Downingia. Corolla irregular. Fila- ments and anthers united into a tube. b. Fruit baccate. 1. Lonicera. Corolla irregular. Ovary 2- 3-celled, oo-seeded. 2. Symphoricarpus. Ovary 4-celled. Ber- ry 2-seeded. Shrubs. (23) c. Floral parts polypetalous, inferior. aa. Floral parts irregular. 1. Viola. Calyx 5-sepalous. Corolla 5-pet- alous. Capsule 3-valved, placentae 3; each ex-seeded. 2. JEsculus. Calyx 5-dentate. Corolla 4- 5-petalous. Capsule 3-valved, 1-seeded, Tree. bb. Floral parts regular. 1. Acer. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. Trees. Shrubs. 2. Vitis. Petals coherent at the apex, and caducous at the base, inserted on a disc. Fruit baccate. 3. Euonymus. Petals 5, inserted on the calyx. Stamens alternating with the petals, inserted on a glandular disc. Fruit capsular. Shrubs. 4. Ehamnus. Petals 4-5 with short claws, inserted on the calyx. Stamens oppo- site to the petals. Fruit a drupe with several pyrense. Trees. Shrubs. 5. Ceanothus. Calyx and disc adnate to the base of the ovary. Stamens oppo- site to the petals. Petals with long claws cucullate. Fruit a capsule, 3- celled; cells 1-seeded. Capsule septici- dal. Trees. Shrubs. (24) 6. Ptelea. Stamens alternating with the petals. Ovary on a convex disc, 2-celled; cells 2-ovulate. Fruit a 2-seeded samara Shrubs. 7. Erodium. Carpidia 5, verticillate round a columnar axis. Styles connate at their apex. 8. Pentacaena. Sepals 2-seriate, persistent; external sepals 3, with cucullate apex terminating in a spine, internal sepals, mucronate. Ovary 1-ovulate. Style 2- cleft. Fruit a utricle. 9. Frankenia. Calyx tubular, 4r-5 lobed. Petals 4 or 5, unguiculate. Capsule 1- celled, dehiscent by valves. Ovules few, inserted on parietal placentse. d. Floral parts polypetalous, superior. 1. Eibes. Petals unguiculate and with the stamens inserted on the calyx limb. Fruit baccate, oo-seeded. Shrubs. e. floral parts incomplete. 1. Glaux. Perigonium campanulate, 5- lobed,petaloid. Ovary 5-valved. 2. Polygonum. Perigonium 5 - sepalous, persistent. Stigmas 2-3, capitulate. Fruit an akene enclosed in the persis- tent perigoniuni. (25) 3. Acaena. Calyx lobes valvate, tube spin- ose. Style terminal. Akene enclosed in the calyx tube. 4. Negundo. Per igouiuni small, 5-dentate. Fruit a samara. Tree. 5. Abrouia. Flowers capitulate. Involucre oo-pliyllous. Perigonium gamosepalous, salver-shaped. II. Digynia, A. Flowers incomplete. 1. Siueda (Schoberia). Perigonium 5~ parted, not appendlculate. Embryo spiral. 2. Chenopodium. Perigonium 5-parted, not appendiculate. Embryo annular. 3. Acrena. Calyx lobes valvate, tube spin- ose. Fruit, 2 akenes, enclosed in the calyx tube. B. Floivers complete, gamopetalom; floral parts infeiior. a. Ovaries 2. Seeds oo. 1. Apocynum, Ovaries distinct at the base but united by their stigma. Five scales in the tube of the corolla opposite to the corolla lobes. 2 (26) b. Ovary l t tvith two opposite placentae. 1 . Gentiana. Lobes of the corolla without nectaria. Capsule co-seeded. Seeds minute. 2. Nemophila. Calyx with reflexed sin- uses. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Capsule 2-valved. Placentae detached from the exocarp. 3. Ellisia. Calyx without reflexed sinuses. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Cap- sule 2-valved. Placentas detached from the exocarp. 4. Phacelia. Corolla deciduous. Stamens exserted, equal. Capsule loculicidal. 5. Emmenanthe. Corolla persistent. Sta- mens exserted, equal. Capsule loculi- cidal. 6. Eriodictyon. Capsule 4-valved (locu- licidal and septicidal). Shrub. c. Ovctry 1. Seeds few. Placentce on the base of the ovary. 1. Cuscuta. Capsule circumscissile. Par- asite. C. Corolla 5-petaled. Floral parts inferior. 1. Heuchera. Ovary 1-celled. Capsule oo-ovulate, dehiscent by valves. Pla- centre parietal at the margins of the valves. 2. Pentacsena. Calyx 2-seriate. Petals minute. Ovary 1-ovulate. Fruit a utricle. D. Corolla 5-petaled. Floral parts superior. - a. tloivers in a simple umbel. 1. Panax. Fruit baccate. 2. Hydrocotyle. Petals entire, acute. Akenes laterally compressed. Costre filiform. 3. Bowlesia. Petals obtuse. Akenes ovate, turgid, without costae, pubescent. 4. Eryngium. Petals erect, connivent, emarginate at their apex. Akenes terete, obovate, without costre but squamate and tuberculate. 5. Sauicula. Petals erect, connivent, emar- ginate at their apex. Akenes spinose. 6. Panax. Fruit baccate. b. Floicers in a compound umbel. aa. Endosperm not excavated on its ver- tral surface (Orthospermce). Costai J, filiform; secondary costal 0. Akene laterally compressed. aaa. Petals entire. 1. Apium. -Petals stellate, rounded, with involute apex. (28) bbb. Petals obcordate with a small injlexed lobe. Calyx limb obliterated. 1. Oarum. Petals regular. Styles re- clined. Akenes oblong. Costoe fili- form. Oil tubes solitary. 2. Pimpinella. Petals regular. Styles tliin, divergent. Costae fiiliform. Oil tubes 3 in each vallecula. ccc. Petals obcordate with a small in flexed lobe. Calyx limb 5-dentate. 1. Cicuta. Endosperm convex. Fruit con- tracted. Oil tubes solitary. 2. Sium. Fruit contracted. Oil tubes su- perficial, 3 in each vallecula. 3. Berula. Fruit contracted. Oil tubes covered by a thickened pericarp, 3 in each vallecula. bb. Endosperm not excavated on its ventral surface (Orthospermce). Costal 5, second- ary costaz 0. Akenes terete or subterete. 1. Angelica. Petals not obcordate, lateral costae extended into wings. 2. Selinum. Calyx limb obliterated. Pet- als obcordate. Oil tubes solitary. Lat- eral costee much broader than the dor- sal. 3. (Enanthe. Calyx limb 5-dentate. Styles erect. Oil tubes solitary. Carpophore adnate. (29) cc. Endosperm not excavated on its ventral surface (OrtJiospermce). Costce, 5, fili- form, secondly costce 0. Akenes dors- ally compressed, lenticular. 1. Heracleum. Petals obcordate. Oil tubes clavate. Lateral costae of the two akenes touching each other and more distant from the 3 dorsal costae than these amongst themselves. 2. Peucedanum. Lateral and dorsal costae equally distant. Oil tubes superficial. dd. Primary costce 5, secondary costce 4. 1. Daucus. Primary costae fiiliform, brist- ly. Secondary costae spinose. ee. Endosperm concave on its ventral surface by a longitudinal furrow (Coelosperma?) . 1. Caucalis. Primary costae spinose; sec- ondary more prominent than the prim- ary. 2. Coninm. Akenes laterally compressed. Costa3 . undulate, crenulate; secondary costae 0. Oil tubes 0. 3. Deweya. Akenes laterally compressed. Costae prominent. Secondary costae 0. Oil tubes 2-3 in each vallecula. 4. Osmorrhiza. Akenes linear, angulate. Carpophore persistent. (30) C. Flowers not umbellate. 1. Boykinia. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule co- seeded. 2. Heuchera. Ovary 1-celled. Capsule oo-seeded, dehiscent by valves. 3. Ribes. Petals and stamens inserted on the calyx limb. Petals unguiculate. Fruit baccate, co-seeded. Shrubs. Ill, Trigynia, A. Floral parts complete, inferior. 1. Rhus. Fruit drupaceous, 1-pvrenous. Pyrena 1 -seeded. Shrubs. 2. Calandrinia. Sepals 2, persistent. Pet- als 5. Capsule 3-valved 2-celled. Pla- centa central, co-seeded. Succulent. 3. Claytonia. Sepals 2, persistent. Petals 5. Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled. Placen- ta central, few-seeded. Succulent. 4. Linum. Sepals 5. Capsule 3-celled. Cells 2-ovulate. 5. Alsine. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved. Placenta central. B. Floral parts complete, superior. 1. Sambucus. Corolla rotate. Berry 3- seeded (Drupe 3-pyrenous.) Tree. Shrub. 2. Whipplea. Ovary 3-celled, cells 1-ovu- late. Fruit a septicidal capsule. (31) IV. Pentagynia. 1. Aralia. Fruit a 5-pyrenous drupe. Py- rense 1-seeded. 2. Tilkea. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Fruit 5-follicles. Aquatic. 3. Linum. Sepals 5. Capsule 4-5-celled, cells 2-ovulate. 4. Statice. Calyx limb scarious. Ovary 1- celled, 1-ovulate. Styles not plumose. 5. Armeria. Calyx limb scarious. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovulate. Styles plumose. 6. Spergula. Calyx 5-sepalous. Petals 5, entire. Capsule 1-celled, 5-valved. Seeds winged. 7. Sagina. Calyx 5-sepalous. Capsule 1- celled, 4-5-valved. Seeds reniform. V. Polygynia, 1. Myosurus. Claws of petals longer than the lamina. Carpidia GO. Akenes 1- seeded. HEXANDRIA. I. Monogynia, A. Floral parts complete. 1. Berberis. Petals 6, inferior. Fruit a berry. Shrub. 2. Vancouveria. Petals 6, inferior. Fruit a follicle. 3. Trillium. Sepals 3. Petals 3. Stig- mas 3, almost sessile. 4. Ly thrum. Calyx tubular, 8-12-dentate. Petals 48. 5. Trientalis. Calyx 6-7 cleft. Corolla 6-8 parted, spreading. Capsule 6-8- valvcd, 1-celled. Placenta central. 6. Frankeuia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Pet- als 5, unguiculate. Capsule 1-celled, de- hiscent by valves. Ovules few, inserted on parietal placentae. B. Floral parts incomplete. Perigonium corol- line, gamosepalous. 1. Muilla (Hespsroscordum) Perigonium deeply 6-parted, campanulate. Stamens inserted on the base of the perigonium. 2. Broduea. Perigonium 6 lobed, fnnnel- shaped. Stamens inserted on the throat, alternately sterile. 3. Triteleia. Perigonium 6-lobed, salver- shaped. Stamens inserted alternately on the throat and on the middle of the tube, C. Florol parts incomplete. Perigonium corol- a. Style 3 -deft, or 3 sessile stigmas. 1. Fritillaria. Sapals of perigonium with a nectarium at the base. (33) 2. Calochortus. Alternate sepals of differ- enr shape; interior sepals larger. Stig- mas sessile. Anthers basi-fixed. Cap. sule 3-celled. 3. Trillium. External sepals herbaceous, internal corolline. Stigmas almost ses- sile. Fruit a berry. b. Style entire or 0. Stigma entire or 3-lobed. aa. Anthers basi-fixed. 1. Prosartes. Fruit baccate ; testa of the seeds thin, membranaceous. 2. Clintonia. Fruit baccate ; testa of the seeds crustaceous. bb. Anthers versatile. 1. Lilium. Sepals with a nectariferous lon- gitudinal groove. 2. Allium. Nectariferous grooves 0. Flow- ers umbellate, before spreading enclosed in a spathe. 3. Cyanotris (Cainassia). Sepals 6, 5 as- cending, 1 deflexed. Stamens ascend- ing. Style declined, its base persistent. Fruit a loculiciclal capsule, several seeded. 2B (34) 4. Chlorogalum. Sepals spreading, ligu- late. Stamens spreading. Style decid- uous. Fruit a loculicidal capsule Each cell 2-seeded. 5. Smilacina. Style short, 3-lobed, per- sistent. Fruit baccate, few-seeded. D, Floral parts incomplete, Perigonium gluma- ceous. 1. Juncus. Style with 3 filiform stigmas. Fruit a capsule, oo-seeded. 2. Luzula. Style with 3 filiform stigmas. Fruit a capsule, 3-seeded. II, Trigynia. 1. Zygadenus. Perigonium 6~sepalous. Se- pals glandular at the base. Anthers ex- trorse, 1-celled. 2. Xerophyllum. Perigonium 6-sepalous. Sepals not glandular at the base. An- thers extrorse. 3. Triglochin. Ovaries 3-6, separated at the base. Stigmas sessile, plumose. 4. Chorizanthe. Involucre 1-3 flowered, tubular. Fruit an akene. 5. Rumex. Ovary 1, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Stigma plumose. 6. Pterostegia. Involucre 2-lobed, 1-flow- ered. Fruit an akene enveloped by the enlarged involucre. (35) 7. Anemopsis. Spadix with a several- leaved involucre. Flowers bracteate. Perigonium 0. Ovaries immersed in the rachis, 1-celled, ao-seeded. 8. Frankenia. Calyx tubular, costate, 5- cleft. Petals 5, unguiculate. Capsule 1-celled, dehiscent by valves. Ovules few, inserted on parietal placentae. Ill, Hexagynia Polygynia, 1. Triglochin. Stigmas sessile, plumose. Aquatic. 2. Alisma. Sepals 3. Petals 3. Aquatic. HEPTANDRIA, I, Monogynia. (Number of parts somewhat inconstant.) 1. Trientalis. Calyx 7-claft. Corolla 7- parted. Stamens inserted on the cor- olla. 2. ^sculus. Calyx 5-dentate. Petals 4-5, irregular. II. Trigynia, 1. Portulaca. Corolla superior, Calyx 2- sepalous, deciduous. Petals 4-6. Fruit a circumscissile capsule. Succulent. 2. Calandrinia. Corolla inferior. Calyx 2-sepalous, persistent. Fruit a capsule, 3-valved, oo-seeded. (36 ) III, Polygynia. 1. Portulaca. Corolla superior. Calyx 2- sepalous, deciduous. Petals 4-6. Fruit a circumscissile capsule. Succulent. OCTANDEIA. I. Monogynia. A. Floral parts polypetalous, inferior. 1. Acsr. Calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla 4-5 petals. Fruit a samara. Tree. B. Floral parts polypetalous , superior. 1. Jussisea. Calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary, lobes of the calyx limb persistent. Petals inserted on the calyx. Stigma capitate. Fruit a septic- idal capsule. Aquatic. a. Seeds loitli a liaAry croion. 1. Zauschneria. Calyx tube considerably prolonged beyond the ovary; calyx limb petaloid, deciduous. Petals not exceed- ing the calyx lobes, 2-cleft, erect. Cap- sule 4-valved, 1-celled, oo-seeded. 2. Epilobium. Calyx tube prolonged but little beyond the ovary. Petals inserted on an annular disc on the summit of the calyx tube. Ovary 4-celled. Capsule loculicidal. (37) b. Seeds naked. 1. Gayophytum. Catyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary. Anthers versatile. Stamens opposite the petals smaller than alternates. Ovary 2-celled. Style short. Capsule 2-celled, 4-valved. 2. (Eiiothera. Calyx tube prolonged be- yond the ovary, lobes of the limb re- flexed. Anthers versatile. Ovary 4- celled, ovules oo. Style filiform. Capsule 4-celled, loculicidal. 3. Godetia. Calyx tube prolonged beyond the ovary, funnel-shaped, lobes of the limb reflexed. Anthers basi-fixed. 4. Clarkia. Calyx tube prolonged beyond the ovary, lobes of the limb reflexed. Petals unguiculate. Stamens alternately smaller. Anthers basi-fixed. 6. Boisduvalia. Calyx tube prolonged be- yond the ovary, lobes of the limb erect. Petals sessile, 2-lobed. Alternate stamens shorter. Anthers basi-fixed. C. Floral parts complete, superior. Corolla gamopetalous. 1. Vaccinium. Stamens inserted on the margin of an epigynous disc. Cells of anthers elongated into a tube at the apex. Fruit a co-seeded berry. Shrub. (38) D. Floral parts incomplete, inferior. 1. Dirca.- -Perigonium cam panulate. Limb obliquely truncate. Style subterminal. Fruit a drupe. Shrub. 2. Polygonum. Perigonium 4-5 sepalous, persistent. Stigmas 2-3. Fruit an akene, enclosed in the persistent peri- gonium. 3. Acaena. Calyx tube contracted at the throat, angular, the angles armed with glochidate prickles. Stigma penicillate. Akene enclosed in the calyx-tube. II, Digynia and Trigynia. 1. Polygonum. Perigonium 4-5 sepalous, persistent. Fruit an akene enclosed in the perigonium. III. Tetragynia, 1. Anemopsis. Spadix with a several leaved involucre. Perigonium 0. Ovar- ies immersed in the rachis, 1-celled oo - ovuled. ENNEANDBIA, 1. Oreodaphne. Anthers with valvular de- hiscence. Fruit a drupe resting on an enlarged thai am us. Tree. 2. Eriogomim .Involucre co-flowered, cam - panulate, 6-dentate. Styles 3. Fruit an akene. (39) 3. Chorizanthe. Involucre 1-3 -flowered, tubular. Styles 3. Fruit an akene. DECANDRIA, I. Monogynia, A. Corolla 1^-5 petalous, or petals 0. Never gamopetalous. 1. Pyrola. Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Hypogynous disc 0. Anthers dehiscent by 2 pores. Seeds minute. 2. Cercis. Calyx scarcely dentate. Corolla papilionaceous. Anthers versatile. Pet- als unguiculate, carina 2-petalous, larger than the upper petals. Legume flat co- seeded. Ventral suture winged. Shrub. Tree. 3. Thermopsis. Calyx cleft to the middle. Corolla papilionaceous. Petals of the carina partly connate, longer than vexil- lum. Legume linear, compressed. 4. Pickeringia. Calyx repandly 4-dentate. Corolla papilionaceous. Carina 2-peta- lous, as long as vexillum. Legume linear, compressed. Shrub. 5. Geranium. Carpidia 5, verticillate around a columnar axis. Styles connate at the apex. Stamens all fertile. 6. Erodiurn. Carpidia 5, verticillate (40) around a columnar axis. Styles connate at the apex. Alternate stamens sterile. 7. Limnantlies. Stamens inserted on aper- igynous disc. Carpidia 5, each 1-ovulate. Style entire from its base. Aquatic. 8. Jussiaea. Petals inserted on the calyx. Stigma capitate. Fruit a septicidal cap- sule. Aquatic. 9. Adenostoma. Calyx funnel-shaped, the tube 10-costate. Carpidion 1. Fruit an akene enclosed in the calyx tube. Shrub. 10. Acaena. Calyx tube contracted at the throat, angular, the angles armed with glochidiate prickles. Petals 0. Stigma penicillate. Fruit an akene enclosed in the calyx tube. B. Corolla gamopetalous. 1. Rhododendron. Calyx 5-parted. Cor- olla funnel-shaped, rotate. Stamens ascending. Anthers dehiscent by an apical pore. Capsule septicidal. Shrub. Tree. 2. Gaultheria. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla ur- ceolate. Fruit a spurious berry, that is, a capsule, 5-celled, co-seeded, enclosed in the enlarged and fleshy calyx. Shrub. (41) 3. Arctostaphylos. Corolla urceolate. Ovary 5-celled, calls l-ovul&te. Fruit baccate. Shrub. 4. Arbutus. Corolla urceolate. Ovary 5- celled, cells ac-seeded. Fruit a berry. Tree. 5. Samolus. Alternate stamens sterile. Ovary 1-celled, oo-seeded with central placentation. II. Digynia. 1. Saxifraga. Ovary 2-celled, co-seeded. Capsule loculicidal. 2. Tellima. Petals lobed. Ovary 1-celled, cc-seeded. Styles short. Stigmas capi- tate. Capsule dehiscent at the apex. 3. Tiarella. Petals entire. Ovary 1-celled. Styles short. Stigmas simple. Capsule dehiscent to the base; valves unequal. 4. Acrena. Calyx tube contracted at the throat, angular, the angles armed with glochidiate prickles. Petals 0. Stig- mas penicillate. Akenes 2, enclosed in the calyx tube. in, Trigynia, 1. Silene. Calyx gamosepalous, 5-dentate, without bracts at the base. Petals uu- guiculate. Capsule dehiscent by teeth. Seeds reniform. (42) 2. Alsine. Sepals 5, unchanged in fruit. Petals entire. Capsule dehiscent by 3 valves. Seeds reniform. 3. Spergularia (Lepigonum) . Sepals 5. Petals entire. Capsule dehiscent by 3 valves. Seeds compressed. Stipules membranaceous. 4. Arenaria. Sepals 5. Petals entire. Capsule dehiscent by 6 valves. Seeds reniform. 5. Stellaria. Sepals 5. Petals 2-cleft. Capsule dehiscent by 6 valves. 6. Portulaca. Corolla superior. Calyx 2- sepalous, deciduous. Petals 4-6. Cap- sule circumscissile. 7. Calandrinia. Corolla inferior. Calyx 2-sepalous, persistent. Capsule 3- valved, oo-seeded. 8. Whipplea. Ovary 3-septate. Cells 1- ovulate. Capsule septicidal. IV. Tetragynia, 1. Sagina. Sepals 4. .Petals entire. Stig- mas alternate with the sepals. Capsule dehiscent by 4-5 valves. V, Pentagynia. 1. Sagina. Sepals 5. Petals entire. Stig- mas alternate with the sepals. Capsule dehiscent by 5 valves. Seeds reniform. Stipules 0. (43) 2. Spergula. Sepals 5. Petals entire. Stigmas alternate with the sepals. Capsule dehiscent by 5 valves. Valves opposite to the sepals. Stipules meni- branaceous. 3. Cerastium. Sepals 5. Petals 2-cleft. Capsule dehiscent by 10 teeth. 4. Oxalis. Stamens monadelphous at their base. Capsule 5-lobed. 5. Cotyledon (Echeveria). Calyx 5-parted. Petals coherent by their claws. Ovar- ies 5. Fruit 5-follicles. Succulent. 6. Sedum. Calyx 5-parted. Petals not coherent by their claws. Ovaries 5. Fruit 5-follicles. Succulent. 7. Portulaca. Corolla superior. Calyx 2- sepalous, deciduous. Petals 4-6. Cap- sule circumscissile. Succulent. VI. Polygynia, 1. Horkelia. Calyx companulate, limb 5- parted, augmented by 5 bractlets. ovaries oo, inserted on a conical re- ceptacle. Styles subterminal. DODECANDRIA, I. Monogynia, 1. Asarum. Perigonium 3-cleft, superior. 2. Portulaca. Calyx 2-sepalous, deciduous. Petals 46. Capsule circumscissile. Succulent. (44) 3. Calandrinia. Corolla inferior. Calyx 2- sepalous, persistent. Capsule 3-valved, oc-seedecl. Succulent. 4. Lythrum. Calyx tubular, inferior, 8-12- dentate. Petals 4 6. 5. Adenostoma. Calyx funnel-shaped, tube 10-costate. Petals 5. Fruit an akene enclosed in the calyx tube. Shrub. 6. Cercocarpus. Calyx tube cylindrical. Petals 0. Style terminal, long-exserted. Fruit an akene, linear, terete, caudate by the elongated plumose style. Shrub. IE, Pentagynia, 1. Nuttallia. Ovaries 5, each 2-ovulate. Styles subterminal. Fruit several drupes. Shrub. IC03ANDRIA. I, Monogynia, A. Floral parts complete, inferior. 1. Primus. Fruit a fleshy drupe. Endo- carp not rugose. Shrubs. Tree. 2. Adenostoma. C a 1 y x funnel - shaped; tube 10-costate. Petals 5. Akene en- closed in the calyx tube. Shrubs. 3. Cercocarpus. Calyx tube cylindrical. Petals 0. Style terminal, long-exserted. Akene linear, terete, caudate by the elongated exserted plumose style. Shrub. (45) 4. Portulaca. Calyx 2-sepalous, decid- uous. Capsule circumscissile. 5. Calandrinia. Calyx 2-sepalous, persist- ent. Capsule 3-valved, oc-seeded. 6. Eschscholtzia. Calyx gamosepalous, circumscissile. Ovary terete. Stigmas 4. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, seeds on the margins of the valves. , Di-Tri-Tetra-Pentagynia. 1. Nuttallia. Ovaries 5, each 2-ovulate. Style subterminal, subinternal. Fruit several drupes. Shrub. 2. Photinia (Heteromeles). Ovaries 2, im- perfectly united, half superior. Styles 2. Fruit a ponium, 2-celled. Cells 1- seeded. Tree. 3. Amelaiichier. Ovary inferior, 3-5-cell- ed, each cell imperfectly divided. Fruit a pomum, 3-5-seeded. Eudocarp bony (drupe). Shrub. 4. Spiraea. Ovaries several, several seeded. Fruit several follicles. Testa of the seeds membranaceous. Shrub. 5. Neillia. Ovaries several, several seeded. Fruit several follicles. Testa of the seed crustaceous. Slirub. 6. Horkelia. Calyx augmented by 5 bract- lets. Ovaries on a conical receptacle. Styles subterminal. Fruit akenes. (46) 7. Mesembrianthemum. Calyx partitions unequal. Petals oo. Ovary co-celled, oo-seeded. Fruit a capsule. Succulent. 8. Hypericum. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5. Fruit a capsule. 9. Mentzelia. Ovary inferior. Calyx limb 5-parted, persistent. Capsule 1-celled. Placentae 3, parietal. III. Polygynia, 1. Spiraea. Ovaries superior, several seed- ed. Fruit several follicles. Shrub. 2. Eosa. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Fruit akenes enclosed in the' calyx tube form- ing a spurious berry. Shrub. 3. Calycauthus. Calyx cup-shaped, limb oo-parted, co-seriate. Petals 0. Fruit GO akenes enclosed in the persistent ca- lyx tube. Shrub. 4. Eubus. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Fruit co drupes on a conical receptacle. Shrubs. 5. Horkelia. Calyx campanulate, augment- ed by 5 bractlets. Styles subteriniiial. Fruit co akenes. 6. Potentilla. Calyx flattened, augmented by 5 bractlets. Ovaries on a slightly conical receptacle. Styles lateral. Ak- enes on a herbaceous thalamus. (47) 7. Fragaria. Calyx flattened, augmented by 5 bractlets. Ovaries on a convex receptacle. Styles lateral. Akenes on a fleshy receptacle. 8. Mesembrianthemum. Calyx partitions unequal. Petals oo. Ovary oo-celled, co-seeded. Fruit a capsule. Succulent. POLYANDBJA, I, Monogynia, A. Petals 4. 1. Dendromecon. Calyx 2-sepalous. Ovary linear. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Cap- sule 1-celled, 2-valved, seeds on the margin of the valves. Shrub. 2. Eschscholtzia. Thalamus top-shaped. Calyx garnosepalous, circumscissile. Ovary terete. Stigmas 4. Capsule 1- celled, 2-valved, seeds on the margin of the valves. 3. Meconopsis. Calyx 2-sepalous, cadu- cous. Anthers laterally dehiscent. Ovary 1-celled. Placentae more than 2. Style short. Stigma radiate. 4. Argemone. Calvx 2-3 sepalous. Pet- als 4. Anthers extrorse. Ovary 1-cell- ed, placentae more than 2. Style 0. Stigma radiate. (48) 5. Actaea. Calyx 4-sepalous. Anthers ad- nate, introrse. Ovary 1. Placenta ven- tral. Style 0. Berry oo-seeded. B. Petals 5. 1. Heliautheraum. Calyx double. Exter- nal sepals 2, somstiinesO; internal 3, con- torted in aestivation. Capsule 3-valved. 0. Petals 6. 1. Argemone. Calyx 3-sepalous. Fila- ments filiform. Stigmas radiate. 2. Platystemon. Calyx 3-sspalous. Fila- ments flattened their entire length, ovary at List separating into its com- ponent carpidia. 3. Platystigma. Calyx 3-sepalous. Fila- ments flattened only at the base, ovary not separating but ripening into a 3- valved capsule. II, Di- Tri-, Tatra-, Panta-, Polygaia, A. Ovaries ventrally dehiscent. Fruit a follicle. a. Flowers irregular. 1. Pelphinium. Calyx petaloid. Superior sepal calcarate. b. Flowers regular. 1. Platystemon. Sepals 3, caducous. Pet- als 6. Filaments flattened. Carpidia at first united into an oo-celled ovary. (49) 2. Paeonia. Sepals 5, herbaceous, carpidia distinct from the beginning. 3. Aquilegia. Sepals petaloid. Petals fun- nel-shaped, calcarate. B. Ovaries 1-ovulate, indehiscent. Fruit, akenes. a. ^Estivation of sepals imbricate. 1. Ranunculus. Petals unguiculate, claws shorter than the lamina, a nectarium near each claw. 2. Myosurus. Claws of the petals longer than the lamina. 3. Anemone. Sepals petaloid. Petals 0. Thalamus convex, conical. 4. Thalictrum. Sepals petaloid. Petals 0. Thalamus flat, discoid. b. ^Estivation of sepals valvate. 1. Clematis. Sepals 4, petaloid. Petals 0. DIDYNAMIA. I. Gymnospermia. A. Stamens and style enclosed. An interrupted ring of hairs in the corolla below tlie in- sertion of the stamens. 1. Marrubium. Akenes flat at their tops. B. Style always exserted. An uninterrupted ring of hairs in the corolla below the inser- tion of the stamens. 3 (50) a. Calyx %-labiate. Stamens parallel. 1. Prunella. Calyx, closed in fruit. b. Calyx 5-dentate. Stamens parallel. 1. Stachys. Calyx 5-10-nerved. Lobes of the lower lip of the corolla obtuse. Sta- mens ascending. 2. Sphacele. Calyx reticulately veined. Lobes of the corolla 5, all obtuse. Sta- mens ascending, Shrub. c. No ring of hairs in the corolla. 1. Scutellaria. Upper lip of the corolla concave. Stamens close together, paral- lel. Calyx 2-labiate, lips entire. 2 Mentha. Stamens distant and divergent, but straight. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4- cleft, superior lobe emarginate. 3. Micromeria. Calyx teeth nearly equal. Stamens ascending. 4. Monardella. Stamens straight, diver- gent, exserted. Cells of the anthers at length also divergent. Corolla lobes narrow. 5. Pycnanthemuin. Stamens straight, dis- tant, divergent. Cells of the anthers parallel to the last. 6. Pogogyne. Stamens ascending, con- vergent in pairs. Style villous. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. (51) 7. Acanthomintha. Lower pair of stamens ascending. Cells of the anthers divar- icate. Calyx 2- labiate, teeth spinose. 8. Lophanthus. Upper pair of stamens longer and declined, lower pair shorter and ascending. Anther cells parallel. Calyx 15-nerved. 9. Trichostemma. Stamens long-exserted, lower pair longer. Tube of corolla slen- der; Iimb5-cleft, lobes oblong, declined. II, Angiospermia, A. Base of the anther cells mucronate. a. Ovary 1 -celled &-ovulate, placenta parietal. 1. Anoplantlms. Flowers without bract- lets. Parasitic. Chlorophyll 0. 2. Aphyllon. Flowers with bractlets. Parasitic. Chlorophyll 0. b. Ovary -celled, cc-ovulate. Fruit 1- cc-seeded. / 1. Pedicularis. Calyx 5-dentate, superior lip of corolla laterally compressed. B. Base of anther cells not mucronate. a. Ovary 1-celled. Placenta cc-seeded, central. 1. Limosella. Calyx 5-dentate. Corolla subregular. (52) b. Ovary 2-celled. 1. Cordylanthus. Calyx spathaceous. Cells of anthers distant and of different shape and insertion. Lips of corolla short, upper lip laterally compressed. 2. Orthocarpus. Calyx spathaceous, cleft vertically. Cells of anthers distant and of different shape and insertion. Corolla lips personate, but upper lip the smaller. 3. Castilleia. Calyx spathaceous, cleft ver- tically. Cells of anthers distant and of different shape and insertion. Co- rolla ringent, the upper lip the larger. 4. Mimulus. Stigma dilated, petaloid. Calyx angular, angles carinate. Placen- tas of the capsule remain united and only separate at last near the apex. Valves of the capsule membranaceous. 5. Mimetanthe. Stigma dilated, petaloid. Calyx campanulate, not angulate. Cap- sule dehiscent only by the dorsal suture. 6. Diplacus. Stigma dilated, petaloid. Calyx angular ; angles carinate. Placen- tae of the capsule meeting, but in dehis- cence separating their whole length. Valves of the capsule coriaceous. Tube of the corolla funnel-shaped. (53) 7. Eunanus. Stigma dilated, petaloid. Calyx angular, angles carinate. Placen- ta? of the capsule separate in dehiscence for their whole length. Tube of co- rolla slender, filiform. 8. Collinsia. Stigma small. Corolla per- sonate, lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe laterally compressed, carinate, hiding the stamens. 9. Scrophularia. Stigma small. Coroll a short, globular. Middle lobe of lower lip reflexed. 10. Pentstemon. Stigma small. Corolla ringent. One sterile stamen besides the didynamous ones. 11. Antirrhinum. Corolla personate, sac- cate at the base. Capsule opening by pores. 12. Linaria. Corolla personate, calcarate. Capsule dehiscent by valves. 13. Lippia. Calyx 2-cleft. Cells of ovary 1-seeded. Fruit drupaceous, separating into 2 nutlets. c. Ovary ^-celled. 1. Verbena. Cells of ovary 1-ovulate. Fruit drupaceous, splitting into 4 parts. (54) TETRADYNAMIA, I. Siliculosa, A. Fruit a % -articulate lomentum. 1. Cakile. Both articles of the lomentum anceps. B. Fruit a schizocarp. 1. Senebiera. Silicula 2-seeded, margin not winged. C. Fruit an indehiscent silicula. 1. Thysanocarpus. Silicula 1-seeded, mar- gin winged. D. Silicula regularly dehiscent, dor sally com- pressed, septum narrow. 1. Lepidium. Cells 1-seeded. 2. Capsella. Cells oo-seeded. E. Silicula regularly dehiscent, laterally com- pressed, septum broad. 1. Alyssum. Cells 1-4-ovulate. II. Siliquosa, A. Siliqua indehiscent. 1. Eaphanus. Siliqua moniliform. B. Siliqua regularly dehiscent. 1. Cardamine. Siliqua laterally com- pressed. Valves linear] without nerves. Ovules in each cell oo ? 1-seriate. (55) 2. Nasturtium. Siliqua linear. Valves without nerves. Ovules in each cell oo, 2-seriate. 3. Cheiranthus. Siliqua laterally com- pressed. Septum broad. Valves 1- nerved. Ovules in each cell 1-seriate. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals unguicu- late. 4. Caulanthiis. Siliqua terete, valves 1- nerved. Ovules in each cell 1-seriate Lateral sepals saccate. Petals undulate. 5. Streptanthus. Siliqua laterally com- pressed. Valves 1-nerved. Ovules in each cell 1-seriate. All sepals equal. Petals undulate. 6. Barbarea. Siliqua 4-angular. Valves concave, 1-nerved. Ovules in each cell 1-seriate. 7. Erysimum. Siliqua 4-angular. Valves carinate, 1-nerved. Ovules in each cell 1-seriate. 8. Tropidocarpum. Siliqua dorsally com- pressed. Valves 1-nerved, carinate. Septum very narrow. Ovules in each cell 2-seriate. 9. Arabis. Siliqua laterally compressed. Valves 1-nerved. Ovules in each cell 1-seriate. Petals not undulate. (56) 10. Sisymbrium. Siliqua linear. Valves 3- nerved, concave. Ovules in each cell 1-seriate. 11. Brassica. Siliqua terete. Valves 3-5- nerved, concave. Ovules in each cell 1-seriate. MONADELPHIA. I. Triandria. 1. Sisyrinchium. n. Pentandria. 1. Erodium. Stamens alternating with staminodia. 2. Downingia. Corolla gamopetalous, ir- regular. III. Octandria. 1. Poly gal a. IV. Decandria, 1. Erodium. Alternate stamens sterile. Fruit 5 akenes with persistent styles. 2. Geranium. Stamens all fertile. Fruit 5 akenes with persistent styles. 3. Oxalis. Styles 5. Fruit a 5-lobed cap- sule. 4. Lupinus. Corolla papilionaceous. 5. Amorpha. Corolla represented by a single petal. Shrub. (57) V. Polyandria, 1. Lavatera. Calyx double. External calyx 3-6-cleft. Shrub. 2. Malva. Calyx double. External calyx 3-sepalous. 3. Sidalcea. External calyx 0. Stigmas not capitate. 4. Sphseralcea. Stigmas capitate. Cells of capsule 2-ovulate. Shrub. 5. Sida. Stigmas capitate. Cells of cap- sule 1-ovulate. DIADELPHIA, I, Hexandria. 1. Dicentra. Flowers 2-calcarate. II. Octandria. 1. Polygala. Flowers irregular. Ovary 2- celled. Cells 1-ovulate. HI. Decandria, A. Sub-monadelphoris. 1. Lupinus. Anthers alternately oblong and reniform. 2. Amorpha. Corolla represented by a sin- gle petal. Shrub. 3. Psoralea. Wings of the corolla united to the carina. Ovary sessile, 1-ovulate. Legume indehisceut, included in the calyx. 3A (58) "B. Genuinely diadelplious. a. Style not pilose. 1. Hosackia. Petals unguiculate. Carina rostrate. 2. Trifolium. Petals persistent, aclnate to the stamineal tube. 3. Psoralea. Wings of the corolla adnate to the carina. Ovary sessile, 1-ovulate. Legume indehiscent, included in the calyx. 4. Glycyrrhiza. Petals not adnate to the stamineal tube. Carina 2-petalous. 5. Astragalus. Petals not adnate to the stamineal tube. Carina blunt. Legume imperfectly 2-celled. 6. Melilotus. Petals not adnate to the stam- ineal tube. Ovary straight. Legume globose. 7. Medicago. Petals not adnate to the stamineal tube. Ovary crescent-shaped. Legume spiral. b. Style pilose. 1. Lathyrus. Style pilose only on the ven- tral side which is flattened. 2. -Vicia. Style pilose on the dorsal side, or all around the apex. Style not spi- ral. (59) POLYADELPHIA, 1. Hypericum. Ovary superior. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5. Fruit cap- sular. 2. Mentzelia. Ovary inferior. Calyx limb 5-parted, persistent. Capsule 1-celled. Placentae 3, parietal. SYNGENESIA, I, JEqualis. A. Flowers ligulafe. a. Pappus plumose. aa. Receptacle paleaceous. 1. Hypochseris. Palease of the receptacle deciduous. bb. Receptacle not paleaceous. 1. Microseris. Pappus paleaceous at base. Akenes more than 5-costate, truncate at apex. Scapigerous. 2. Stephanomeria. Pappus setaceous, somewhat plumose. Akenes 5-costate, truncate at apex and base. Caulescent. 3, Rafinesquia. Bristles of pappus arach- noid, Akenes rostrate, 4, Malacothrix, Pappus 1 -seriate. Bristles scabrous, silky, deciduous in a ring, Apex of akenes developed into a crown, (60) 5. Troximon. Pappus capillary. Bristles deciduous singly, not in a ring. Apex of akenes rostrate; costae smooth. 6. Taraxacum. Pappus capillary. Bristles persistent, Apex of akenes elongated, rostrate; costae roughened. 7. Sonchus. Akenes flattened, not ros- trate. Pappus silky, white, 8. Hieracium. Akenes terete, not rostrate, Pappus brittle, discolored. B. Floivers tubular. a. Eeceptale naked. aa, Branches of the style club-shaped. 1. Adenostyles. Involucre 1-seriate. Branches of the style filiform. Pappus copious, silky, white. 2. Bulbostylis. Involucre imbricate, 2-3 seriate. Branches of the style filiform. Pappus copious, silky. bb. Branches of the style flat and tipped with an appendix. aaa. Parts of pappus oo. 1. Bigelovia. Involucre imbricate. Pap- pus 1-seriate, capillary, brownish at ma- turity. (61) 2. Aplopappus. Involucre imbricate. Pap- pus 1-seriate. Bristles rigid. 3. Chrysopsis. Involucre imbricate. Pap- pus 2-seriate, internal capillary, external scaly. 4. Lessingia. Kay-flowers enlarged, bnt not ligulate. 5. Baccharis. Dioecious. Shrub. bbb. Parts of pappus definite in num- ber. 1. Pentachasta. Pappus of 5-scabrous bristles, shorter than the corolla, some, times depauperate. 2. Grindelia. Pappus aristate. cc. Branches of style not flat, but tap- ering, sometimes with an appendix. aaa. Scales of the involucre herbaceous. 1. Chaenactis. Pappus paleaceous. 2. Senecio. Pappus capillary. bbb. Scales of the involucre scarious. 1. Artemisia. Eeceptacle slightly convex. Pappus 0. Akenes obovate with small epigynous disc. 2. Tanacetum. Eeceptacle slightly convex. Pappus 0. Akenes costate with large epigynous disc. (62) 3. Matricaria. Eeceptacle cylindrical, hol- low. 4. Baccharis. Dioecious. b. Eeceptacle paleaceous or setaceous. aa, Branches of style connected near the apex, 1. Cnicus. Eeceptacle densely bristly. Bristles of the pappus plumose, con- nected at the base into a deciduous ring. Filaments of stamens distinct. 2. Silybum. Keceptacle densely bristly. Bristles of pappus not plumose, 1-seri- ate. 3. Carthamus. Pappus 0. 4. Centaurea. Eeceptacle densely bristly. Bristles of pappus not connected at their base into a ring. bb. Branches of style entirely distinct. 1. Bidens. Involucre 2-seriate, external spreading, internal erect. Pappus of 2-4 awns. 2. Madia. Pappus 0. Eeceptacle some- times only paleaceous near the ray and naked at the disc. II. Superflua. A. Receptacle naked. a. Anthers obtuse, at their base, at least not calcarate. (63) aa. Branches of the style flat and tipped with an appendix. aaa. Parts of pappus GO. 1. Bigelovia. Involucre imbricate: scales dry. Pappus 1-seriate, capillary, at maturity brownish. Ray flowers yellow. 2. Aplopappus. Involucre imbricate, scales foliaceous. Pappus 1-seriate, bristles rigid. Bay flowers yellow. 3. Chrysopsis. Involucre imbricate. Pap- pus 2-seriate, internal capillary, external scaly. Bay flowers yellow. 4. Lessingia, Kay flowers enlarged but not ligulate. 5. Solidago. Involucre imbricate, scales foliaceous. Pappus silky. Kay flowers yellow. 6. Aster. Involucre imbricate, scales foli- aceous. Kay flowers not yellow, 1-seri- ate. 7. Erigeron. Involucre imbricate, scales foliaceous. Kay flowers not yellow, co-seriate. bbb. Parts of pappus definite in number, 1. Pentachseta. Scales of involucre not her- baceous. Pappus of 5 scabrous bristles shorter than the corolla, sometimes de- pauperate. Kays yellow. (64) 2. Grindelia. Scales of the involucre her- baceous. Pappus aristate. Bays yel- low. 3. Gutierrezia. Scales of the involucre her- baceous. Pappus short, paleaceous. Bays yellow. bb. Branches of the style not flat but tapering, sometimes with an appendix. 1. Coinogyne. Involucre regularly imbri- cate. Scales broad. 2. Burriellia. Involucre consisting of 3-5 scales. 3. Baeria. Scales of the involucre in a single series. Beceptacle conical, minutely muricate. Akenes linear. 4. Eriophyllum (Bahia). Scales of the in- volucre not embracing any akenes. Be- ceptacle convex (not conical). Akeue linear, with large terminal areola. 5. Monolopia. Scales of involucre united at base. Beceptacle conical. Akeiie oblong, with small terminal areola. 6. Lasthenia. Scales of involucre united into a dentate cup. Receptacle conical. Pappus 0. 7. Bigiopappus. Scales of involucre lin- ear. Receptacle flat. Pappus 4-5 aris- tate scales. (65) 8. Helenium. Scales of the involucre re- flexed. Pappus of hyaline scales. Akenes turbinate, costate. 9. Senecio. Scales of the involucre 1-seri- ate, sometimes calyctilate. Pappus ca- pillary, copious. 10. Arnica. Scales of involucre lanceolate, linear, all equal. Pappus capillary, 1- seriate. b. Anthers calcarate. 1. Pluchea. Scales of involucre imbricate, herbaceous. 2. Micropus. Scales of involucre scarious, ? flowers enclosed in marginal scales, which are laterally compressed and con- duplicate. Pappus 0. 3. Stylocline. Scales of involucre scarious. Eeceptacle cylindrical. ? flowers pro- tected by carinate scales. 4. Filago. Scales of involucre scarious. Scales subtending $ flowers not cari- nate. 5. Anaphalis. Scales of involucre scarious. $ flowers filiform. Style of $ flowers nearly blunt. 6. Gnaphalium. Scales of involucre scari- ous. ? flowers filiform. JStyle of flow- ers 2-cleft. (66) B. Receptacle paleaceous. a. Anthers obtuse or sagittate at their base, but never calcarate. aa. Involucre 1-seriate or nearly so. 1. Iva. ? flowers reduced to short tubes embracing the base of the style. flow- ers: anthers scarcely connate. 2. Balsamorrhiza. Akenes of the disc 4-an- gular. Pappus 0. 3. Wyethia. Akenes 4-angular or laterally compressed. Pappus paleaceous, crown- shaped. 4. Pugiopappus. Akenes villous. Pappus 2-aristate. 5. Leptosyne. Akenes naked, margined. Pappus almost 0. 6. Madia. Involucre in a simple row, each scale wrapped about a laterally com- pressed akene. Pappus 0. 7. Holozonia. Involucre in a simple row, each scale completely embracing an akene. Pappus of the ray akenes hya- line, of the disc generally 0. 8. Hemizonia. Involucre 1-seriate, each scale embracing with its base half of a ray akene. Pappus of the ray 0. (67) 9. Lagophylla. Ray flowers 5 in number, cuneiform, 3-lobed. Involucre 5 scales, each entirely embracing a ray akene. Receptacle flat. 10. Layia. Capitulum co-flowered. Invo- lucre 1-seriate. Scales acuminate, each entirely enclosing a ray akene. Pappus of the ray 0. 11. Achyrachfjena. Eay flowers short and hidden by the scales of the 1-seriate involucre. Receptacle naked in the centre, paleaceous toward the margin. Pappus paleaceous. Palejc co-seriate, silvery. bb. Involucre imbricate. 1. Achillea. Involucre of few series of scales. Rays short, oval. 2. Anthemis. Involucre GO- seriate. Rays long, ligulate. b. Anthers calcarate. 1. Psilocarphus. Scales of the involucre few. ? flowers each wrapped in a palea. Pappus 0. 2. Stylocline. Scales of the involucre few. ? flowers each bracteate by a carinate palea, but not wrapped in it. Pappus a few caducous bristles. (68) 3. Evax. Scales of the involucre 1-2 ser- iate. Pappus 0. 4. Filago. Scales of tlie involucre imbri- cate. Pappus pilose. in. Frustranea, 1. Corethrogyne. Receptacle naked. 2. Centaurea. Receptacle bristly. 3. Bideiis. Palea3 of the receptacle decidu- ous. 4. Helianthus. Palese of the receptacle per- sistent. Pappus paleaceous, caducous. 5. Helianthella. Paleas of the receptacle persistent. Pappus 2 persistent awns, besides the caducous palese. IV, Necessaria, A. Receptacle naked. a. Anthers obtuse at the base, at least not calcarate. aa. Branches of the style of the ? floioers flat and tipped with an appendix. 1 Erigeron. bb. Branches, of the style not flat, but tapering, sometimes ivith an appendix. 1. Hemizonia. Involucre 1-seriate, each scale with its base half embracing a ray akene. Pappus of ray 0. (69) 2. Holozonia. Involucre 1-seriate, each scale completely embracing a ray akene. Pappus of the ray hyaline. 3. Lagophylla. Bay flowers 5, cuneiform, 3-lobecl. Involucre of 5 scales, each completely enclosing a ray akene. Ke- ceptacle flat. Palete 5, between disc and ray. Pappus 0. 4. Blennosperma. Scales of the involucre 1-seriate, united at the base, not em- bracing the akene. Pappus 0. 5. Artemisia. Involucre imbricate, scar- ious. Flowers of the ray slender, dentate. 6. Soliva. Flowers of the ray oo-seriate, without corolla. Pappus 0. 7. Nardosrnia. Pappus pilose. B. Receptacle villous. 1. Artemisia. G. Receptacle paleaceous. a. Anthers obtuse or sagittate at their base, but not calcarate. 1. Lagophylla. Rfty flowers 5, cuneiform, 3-lobed. Involucre of 5 scales, each completely enclosing a ray akene. Re- ceptacle flat. Palese 5, between disc and ray. Pappus 0. 2. Holozonia. Involucre 1-seriate, each scale embracing completely a ray akene. Pappus of the ray hyaline. (70) 3. Heraizonia. Involucre 1 - seriate, each scale with its base half embracing a ray akene. Pappus of ray akene 0. 4. Madia. Involucre 1-seriate, each scale completely enwrapping a laterally com- pressed ray akene. Pappus 0. b. Anthers almost distinct. 1. Iva. c. Anthers calcarate. 1. Evax. Scales of involucre 1 2-seriate. Pappus 0. 2. Stylocline. Scales of involucre very few. Flowers of the ray bracteate by a cari- nate palea, but not enwrapped by it. Pappus a few caducous bristles. 3. Psilocarphus. Scales of the involucre few. Each ray flower enwrapped in a palea. Pappus 0. V, Monogamia. 1. Downingia. QYNANDKIA, I, Monandria, a. Labellum calcarate. 1. Habenaria. b. Labellum not calcarate. 1. Epipactis. Labellum geniculate. (71) 2. Corallorhiza. Labellum not geniculate, adnate to the column. Aphyllous and and without chlorophyll. 3. Spiranthes. Labellum not geniculate, embracing the column with its base. Perigonium oblique. II, Diandria, 1. Cypripedium. III. Hexandria. 1. Aristolochia. MONffiCIA, I, Monandria, 1. Euphorbia. Involucre campanulate, sometimes 2-phyllous. Flowers umbel- late, androgynous. $ flowers without perigonium, stipitate, bracteate, 9 flow- ers single, central. Ovary 3-celled, styles 3, each 2-cleft. 2. Zostera. Spathe elongated into a lamina. Spadix androgynous. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovulate. Fruit a nutlet. Aquatic. 3. Lilsea. Flowers spicate. $ , $ , and androgynous spikes present, besides solitary axillary ? flowers. Aquatic. 4 Najas. Flowers axillary, solitary. $ flowers included in a spathe : $ flowers naked. Ovary 1, 1-ovulate. Fruit drupaceous. Aquatic. (72) 5. Zannicliellia. Flowers axillary. 3 flower naked, ? flower with, campanulate per- igonium. Ovaries 4, each 1-ovulate. Fruit nutlets. Aquatic. 6. Callitriche. Flowers axillary, 2-bracteo- late. Ovary 4-celled; cells 1-ovulate. Fruit a 4-coccous schizocarp. Aquatic. II. Diandria, 1. Pinus. Anthers sessile on the bracts of the amentum. Leaves fasciculate in a sheath. Coniferous. 2. Pseudotsuga. Anthers sessile on the bracts of the $ amentum. Leaves dis- tichous. Branchlets smooth, the leaf scars not being prominent. Coniferous. 3. Fraxinus. Flowers paniculate. Calyx obsolete, 4-cleft. Fruit a 1-seeded sa- mara. III. Triandria. 1. Typha. $ spike and ? spike cylindrical. 6 spike above ? spike. Palese 0. 2. Sparganium. <5 spike and ? glomeru- late. Flowers separated by a palea- ceous perigonium. Aquatic. 3. Carex. Glumaceous. Spikes unisexual or androgynous. Spikelets 1-flowered. $ spikelet an external palea; ? spike- let with 2 palesB, the interior one trans- formed into a utricle including the 1-seeded ovary. (73) 4. Phoradendron. Flowers immersed in the racliis of articulate spikes. Perigonium 3-lobed. Ovary inferior. Fruit a berry. Parasitic. 5. Megarrhiza. Flowers complete. $ flow- ers in racemes, ? flower solitary in the axilla of the c$ raceme. IV, Tetrandria, A. Flowers complete. 1. Ptelea. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stam- ens alternate with the petals. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. Shrub. Tree. B. Flowers perigoniate in $ and ? . 1. Urtica. ? perigonium 2-sepalous. 2. Hesperocnide. ? perigonium gamosepa- lous. C. Perigonium 0, or only present in one sex. 1. Cupressus. $ flowers : anthers attached to a peltate bract. Cone globose". Seeds angulate, narrowly winged. Leaves op- posite. Coniferous. 2. Libocedrus. $ flowers : anthers attached to a peltate bract. Cone oblong. Wings of the seed unequal. Leaves opposite. Coniferous. (74) 3. Sequoia. Anthers of the $ flowers at- tached to a peltate fyract. Cone ovate. Leaves alternate. Coniferous. 4. Alnus. $ flowers with 3-4 cleft peri- gonium. ? flowers: perigonium 0. V. Pentandria Polyandria . A. Flowers complete, not amentaceous. 1. Myriophyllum. $ flower: stamens 8. ? flower: ovary inferior, 4-celled, 4-ovu- late. Aquatic. 2. Ptelea. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Sta- mens alternating with petals. Style 1. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. Shrub. 3. Rhus. Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Pet- als 5. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovulate. Styles 3. Fruit a drupe. 4. yEsculus. Calyx irregular, gamosepa- lous. Petals 5, unguiculate. Filaments ascending. Ovary 3-celled. Style 1. Cells 2-ovulate. Fruit a 1-seeded cap- sule. Shrub. Tree. 5. Acer. Stamens 8. Ovary 2-celled, 2- lobed. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. Tree. B. Flowers complete. $ flowers amentaceous. 1. Juglans. $ per igonium, 2-6 parted. $ flowers with superior 4-dentate calyx. Petals 4. Tree. (75) C. Floivers incomplete not amentaceous. 1. Amarantus. Perigonium 3-5-sepalous. Fruit a circumscissile capsule. 2. Atriplex. $ perigonium 5-sepalous. $ perigonium 2-parted. Stigmas 2. Fruit a compressed utricle. 3. Ceratophyllum. $ perigonium co-sepa- lous. Anthers sessile. Ovary of the $ flower 1-celled, 1-ovulate. Fruit a nut- let with persistent style. Aquatic. 4. Eremocarpus. $ perigonium 5-6 part- ed. $ perigonium 0. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovulate. Fruit a 2-valved capsule. 5. Xanthium. $ inflorescence: involucre oo-phyllous, oo-flowered. Perigonium 5-dentate. ? inflorescence: involucre garnophyllous, 2-flowered. Fruit a pseu- docarp enclosed in the indurated invol- ucre. 6. Ambrosia. $ inflorescence: involucre gamophyllus, co-flowered. ? -inflores- cence: involucre gamophyllus, 1-flow- ered. Spines of the involucre 1-seriate. 7. Franseria. $ inflorescence: involucre gamophyllus, co-flowered. ? inflores- cence: involucre gamoyhyllous, 1-4- flowered. Spines of the involucre co-se- riate. (76) 8. Iva. Involucre gamophyllus. Head an- drogynous. $ flowers funnel-shaped, central; ? flowers tubular, peripheral. 9. Platanus. Flowers without perigonium, densely capitulate on a globose recep- tacle. Tree. D. Flowers incomplete; $ flowers amentaceous. Stamens inserted on a perigonium. 1. Castanopsis. Involucre of $ flowers 1-3- flowered, afterward enclosing the nut in the shape of a prickly burr. 2. Quercus. Involucre of ? flowers 1 -flow- ered, surrounding the base of the nut in the shape of a cup. Trees. Shrubs. E. Flowers incomplete. $ flowers or both ? and $ , amentaceous. Stamens inserted on bract. 1. Corylus. Fruit a nut, inclosed in a 2- cleft, laciniate involucre. 2. Myrica. ? flowers amentaceous. Fruit, drupaceous nutlets. Involucre 0. Tree. DICE CIA, I. Diandria. 1. Salix. Amentaceous. Perigonium 0. Fruit an co-seeded capsule. Shrub. 2. Fraxinus. Flowers paniculate. Calyx obsolete, 4-cleft. Fruit a 1-seeded samara. Tree. (77) II. Triandria. 1. Salix. Amentaceous. Perigonium 0. Shrub. Tree. 2. Phoradendron. Flowers immersed in the rachis of an articulate spike. Perigonium 3-lobed. Anthers 2-celled dehiscent by 2 pores. Berry globose, 1-seeded. 3. Arceuthobium. $ perigonium 3-lobed. ? 2-dentate. Anthers 1-celled, dehis- cent by a slit. Berry compressed, 1- seeded. 4. Atriplex. $ perigonium 3-sepalous. $ 2-parted. Fruit a utricle. 5. Amarantus. Perigonium 3-parted. Fruit a capsule with circumscissile de- hiscence. 6. Brizopyrum (Distichlis). Glumaceous. Inferior glume co-nerved. 7. Poa. Glumaceous. Inferior glume 1- nerved. Ill, Tetrandria. 1. Urtica. 6 flowers 4-sepalous. 9 flowers 2-sepalous. Stigma penicillate. 2. Negundo. Perigonium depauperate, 4- cleft. Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. Tree. 3. Ptelea. Calyx 4-5 sepalous. Petals 4. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. Tree. (78) 4. Garrya. Flowers amentaceous. Bracts decussate, connate in pairs. $ flowers 4-parted. Perigonium of $ flowers ru- dimentary. Styles 2. Fruit a berry. Tree. IV, Pentandria, 1. Rhus. Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Pet- als 5. Stamens alternating with the petals. Ovary 1-celled, 1-seeded. Styles 3. Fruit a drupe. Tree. Shrub. 2. Ptelea. Calyx 5-parted, petals 5. Sta- mens alternating with the petals. Style 1. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. Tree. 3. Ehamnus. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 0. Stamens alternating with the partitions of the calyx. Fruit 2-4-celled, 2-4- seeded. Shrub. 4. Vitis. Calyx obsolete. Petals inserted on a disc, coherent at their apex, and deciduous at their base. Fruit baccate. 5. Negundo. Perigonium depauperate, 5- cleft. Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. Tree. 6. Juniperus. 3 flowers amentaceous. Stamens adnate to the base of a scale. ? flowers amentaceous. Ovules naked, 2 adnate to the base of each bract. Fruit a galbulus. (79) 7. Atriplex. $ perigonium 5-sepalous. ? perigonium 2-parted. Fruit a utricle. 8. Amarantus. Perigonium 5-sepalous. Fruit a capsule with circumscissile de- hiscence. V. Hexandria. 1. Eumex. Ovary 1-celled, 1-seeded. Styles 3. Stigma plumose. VI. Octandria, 1. Populus. Amentaceous. ? flowers cup- shaped. Fruit an oo-seeded capsule. VII. Dodecandria, 1. Nuttallia. Flowers complete. Ovaries 5. Fruit 1-5 drupes. Shrub. 2. Hendecandra (Croton). $ perigonium 5-cleft. ? perigonium 3-cleft. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit a 3-coccous capsule. VIII. Icosandria. 1. Nuttallia. Flowers complete. Shrub. 2. Torreya. $ flowers amentaceous. ? flowers single, ovule naked, immersed in an urceolate arillus, in fruit simulat- ing a drupe. Coniferous. IX. Polyandria. 1. Thalictrum. X. Syngenesia. 1. Baccharis. Shrub. (80) SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Vascular Plants. CLASS 1. PHANEKOGAM^E. Sub-Class 1. ANGIOSPERM.^. DIVISION 1. DICOTYLEDONES. SERIES 1. TETKACYCLIC^. Plants with a tendency to arrangement of the floral parts in 4 well-defined circles, and with a well established numeric (quinary) law. Sub-Series 1. GAMOPETAKSE. (Petals Consolidated.) Section ANISOCARPJS. Number of carpidia less than 5. Sub-Section 1. EPIGYN.E. ORDER 1- SYNANDB^. Stipules 0. Fila- ments flattened. Family 1, COMPOSITE. Inflorescence capitulate. Calyx changed into a pappus. Anthers syngenetic. Ovary 1- celled, 1-seeded; fruit an akene. (81) Sub-Family 1. Tubuliflorce. Flowers, at least of the disc, tubular. Tribe 1. ASTEROIDE.E. Anthers without tails. Style branches of disc-flowers, flat, with an appendix. Leaves alternate. a. Parts of the pappus of definite number. 1. Gutter rezia Lag. Superflua. Heads few-flowered. Ray -flowers about 3, ligulate; disc-flowers about 5. Scales of the involucre coriaceous, imbricate, their tips green, reflexed. Akenes terete. Pappus of about 9, paleaceous scales. 11 . ^ . Flowers yellow. 1. G. CALIFOBNICA. Torr. & Gray. Suffru- tescent ; leaves linear. Dry river beds. Sonoma. Livermore. Summer. 2, Grindelia Willd. GUM-PLANT. Superflua. JEqualis. Head oo-flowered. Bay- flowers ligulate, 1-seriate. Scales of the hem- ispherical involucre in several series, their green tips squarrose. Akenes compressed. Pappus aristate. Resinous herbs; flower buds before opening, bearing a drop of milky -looking resin. It . ^ . Flowers yellow. 4A (82) 1. G. HIBSUTULA. Hook. Hirsutely pubes- cent. Dry hillsides. Common. Summer. An infusion of the herb has been recom- mended against asthma by the Californians of Spanish descent. 2. G. GLUTINOSA Dunal. Glabrous; scales of the involucre with short tips; awns of the pappus 5 or more. Livermore. Summer. 3. G. CUNEIFOLIA Nutt. Glabrous; scales of the involucre squarrose from the base; awns of the pappus 5 or more; leaves clasp- ing, obtuse. Salt marshes at Alvarado. Sum- mer. 4. G. ROBUST A Nutt. Glabrous; scales of involucre squarrose from the base; awns of the pappus less than 5; leaves clasping, acute. Salt marshes. Common. Summer. Has been recommended against the eczema caused by Ehus (Poison oak.) 3. Pentachseta Nutt. Superflua. .ZEqualis. Ray-flowers variable, or altogether wanting. Scales of the involucre lanceolate, scarious on the margin and tip, loosely imbricate in about two series. Recep- tacle convex. Pappus about 5 scabrous bris- tles shorter than the disc-corolla, sometimes depauperate. 0. Small vernal herbs. 1. P. BELLIDIFLORA Greene. Peduncles glabrous; ray-flowers white. Corte Madera. (83) 2. P. EXILIS Gray. Stem erect; peduncles villous; ray -flowers 0; disc-flowers purple. Marin County. 3. P. ALSINOIDES Greene. Stem diffuse, much branched; capitula almost sessile in the axillae of branches; ray-flowers 0; disc-flowers purple. Marin County. b. Parts of the pappus GO. 4, Lessingia Cham. .ZEqualis. Superflua. Ray-flowers with pal- mate limb. Receptacle flat, naked. Akenes compressed, silky-villous; pappus 1-seriate; bristles oo, scabrous, rigid. 1. L. GERMANOBUM Cham. Limb of ray- flowers unequally lobed; stems spreading on the ground; lower leaves spathulate, pinnati- fid; flowers yellow. Sandhills. San Francisco. Summer. 2. L. KAMULOSA Gray. Limb of the ray- flowers unequally lobed; stem erect, diffusely branched; leaves not pinnatifid; flowers pur- ple. Marin County. Summer. 3. L. LEPTOCLADA Gray. Limb of ray-flow- ers equally lobed; stem erect; branches fili- form, terminated by the capitula; flowers pur- ple, white. Nicasio. Summer. (84) 5. Chrysopsis Nutt. GOLDEN ASTER. Superflua. ^Equalis. Head oo-flowered; ray- flowers ligulate. Akenes compressed; pappus 2-seriate; outer row short paleaceous scales, inner row long scabrous bristles. It . Flowers yellow. 1. C. SESSILIFLORA Nutt. Capitula radiate . Tamalpais. Summer. 2. C. OBEGANA Gray. Oapitula not rad- iate. Livermore. Autumn. 6. Aplopappus Cass. Superflua. 2Equalis. Head oo-flowered. Bay-flowers ligulate. Bristles of the pappus oo. Flowers yellow. 1. A. LINEABIFOLIUS DO. Kays more than 9. ^ . Contra Costa mountains. Summer. 2. A. ERICOIDES Hook. Ray-flowers less than 10. ^ . Sand hills. San Francisco. Sum- mer. 7, Bigelovia DC. JEqualis. Superflua by a single ray-flower. Head few-flowered. Keceptacle narrow. Pap- pus 1-seriate; bristles oo. Flowers yellow. 1. B. ABBOBESCENS Gray. Scales of the involucre irregularly imbricate and not in dis- tinct ranks. ^ . Tamalpais. Summer. (85) 8, SolidagO k. GOLDEN ROD. Superflua. Head co-flowered. Kay-flowers ligulate, few, distant from each other. Akenes terete, oo-costate; pappus of GO, capillary bristles. 2. Autumn. Suffrutescent plants, with long rod-like branches. Flowers yellow. 1. S. OCCIDENTALIS Nutt. Stem branching. It- Moist places. Summer. 2. S. CALIFORNICA. Nutt. Stem single ; the whole plant pubescent. If. Moist sand. Sum- mer. 3. S. SEMPEEVIEENS L. Stem simple; the plant completely glabrous. U- Salt marshes near San Francisco. Autumn. All Solidago species seem to be possessed of diuretic powers. S. Virgaurea, a European species, formerly officinal, is still in use as a domestic remedy. 9, Corethrogyne DC. Frustranea. Head co-flowered; ray -flowers co, 1-seriate; scales of the involucre imbricate; style appendages of disc-flowers with tuft-like bristles; pappus of simple, unequal rigid bris- tles. 2. Ray-flowers blue, purple; habit of aster. 1. C. OBOVATA Benth. Contra Costa range. Marin County. Summer. (86) 10. Aster (Nees.) Superflua. Head cc-flowered. Kay-flowers 1-seriate, ligulate. Scales of involucre imbri- cate. Style appendages triangular-lanceolate to subulate. Pappus of copious capillary, scab- rous bristles. 2 . Ray-flowers rose-color, white, blue. 1. A. RADULINUS Gray. Pappus rigid; some of the bristles thickened toward the top; rays white. 2. Berkeley. Autumn. 2. A. CHAMISSONIS Gray. Pappus soft; stem glabrous, erect and branching, leafy; involucre imbricate, its scales with green tips; ray-flow- ers violet. 2f. San Francisco at the ceme- tery. Autumn. 3. A. DIVABICATUS Nutt. Pappus soft; stem glabrous, diffusely branched; branches slender; involucre imbricate, its scales with scarious margins. 0. Salt marshes, San Francisco. Autumn. 11. ErigeronL- FLEA-BANE. Superflua. Necessaria. Head co-seriate, lig- ulate; scales of the involucre imbricate, linear. Pappus scanty of scabrous, capillary bristles. I.E. STENOPHYLLUS Nutt. Stem leafy; leaves linear, scabrous, deep green; rays purple. 11 . Livermore. Autumn. (87) 2. E. GLAUCQS Ker. Kadical leaves differing from cauline, glaucous, entire, succulent; ray purple. 2. Seashore. Summer. Autumn. 3. E. PHILADELPHICUS L. Leaves irregularly dentate; ray -flowers narrow, numerous, red- dish. !. Colma. Berkeley. Autumn. 4. E. CANADENSIS L. Leaves numerous, small, rays inconspicuous, whitish. 0. Waste grounds. Common. Summer. Autumn. 12. Baccharis L. Dioecious. Head without rays. Scales of the involucre oc-seriate, imbricate. 6 corolla tubular with 5-cleft limb. Pappus capillary, 1-seriate. ? corolla filiform, truncate. Pap- pus copious, capillary. 1. B. PILULARIS DC. Leaves sessilo cune- iform, sinuately dentate; flowers whitish. . Summer. Autumn. Common. 2. B. DOUGLASII DC. Glutinous; leaves lanceolate, acute, distinctly 3-nerved; capitula in a compound, terminal corymb; receptacle conical. 2. Moist sand. San Francisco. Summer. 3. B. VIMINEA DC. Shrub with the as- pect of a willow; leaves lanceolate, acute; cap- itula in terminal corymbs and racemes, recep- tacle flat. ^ . Kiver-bed, Niles. Livermore. Summer. Autumn. (88) Tribe II. Anthers with tails, sagittate. Style bran- ches without appendages. 13, Pluchea Cass. MARSH-FLKABANK. Superflua. Necessaria. Head co-flowered. $ flowers oo -seriate, tubular. Scales of the involucre cc-seriate, ovate, imbricate. Recep- tacle flat, naked. Pappus 1-seriate. 1. P. CAMPHORATA DC. Flowers rose-color. 0. Salt marshes. Autumn. 14, Adenocaulon Hook. Necessaria. Head few-flowered,, all the flow- ers tubular, Anthers sagittate, not tailed. Scales of the involucre 5, 1-seriate, herbaceous, at last reflexed. Receptacle flat, naked. Akenes exserted, obovate, glandular near the summit; pappus 0. It. Flowers pale. 1. A. BICOLOE Hook. Redwoods. Summer. 15, Micropus L. Necessaria. Superflua. Head of few flow- ers, all tubular. 35,? 5, embraced by the scales of the two-seriate involucre. Recepta- cle narrow, naked. Akenes falling off with the embracing scales of the involucre. Pappus 0. 0. Flowers inconspicuous. 1. M. CALIFORNICUS Fisch. & Meyer. Low woolly herb. Common. Spring. (89) 16, Psilocarphus Nutt. Necessaria. Superflua. Head oo-flowered. flowers few, tubular, 5-dentate. 9 flowers oo-seriate, filiform, each wrapped in a palea. Scales of the involucre few, scarious. Recep- tacle convex, paleaceous externally, naked in the center. Akenes enveloped in the palea). Pappus 0. 0. Flowers inconspicuous. 1. P. OREGANUS Nutt. Covered with loose, white wool; akenes cylindrical. Low ground near creeks. Spring. 2. P. TENELLUS Nutt. Covered with ap- pressed grey wool. Akenes fusiform. Low ground near creeks. Spring. 17. Evax Gaertn. Necessaria. Superflua. Head oo-flowered. flowers tubular, few 9 flowers co-seriate, filiform. Scales of the involucre few, 1-2- seriate, scarious. Eeceptacle elongate (like the axis of a spike), paleaceous externally, naked in the center with the $ flowers. Pap- pus 0. 0. Flowers inconspicuous. 1. E. CAULESCENS Gray. Woolly annual. Gravelly alluvium. San Rafael. Spring. 18, Filago L- Superflua. Head oo-flowered. flowers tubular, 4-dentate. ? flowers co-seriate, filiform; external rows hidden between (90) the scales of the involucre and the palese. Scales of the involucre imbricate, sim- ilar to the palese. Receptacle elongate (like the axis of a spike). Pappus of oo, capillary bristles, depauperate towards the periphery. External row ?; pappus pilose. 0. Flowers inconspicuous. 1. F. CALIFORNICA Nutt. Woolly annual. Common. Spring. 19. Anaphalis DC. PEABLY-EVEBLASTING. Necessaria. Superflua. Head oo -flowered. tubular, 5-dentate; style scarcely divided, blunt; ? flowers oo-seriate, filiform. Scales of the involucre imbricate, oo-seriate, radiating; external rows ovate; internal rows longer and narrower. Receptacle flat, naked. Pappus 1- seriate, capillary, its bristles scabrous and dis- tinct at base. It. 1. A. MARGARITACEA Benth. & Hook. Com- mon. Summer. 20, Gnaphaliuml I*. EVERLASTING. Superflua. Head oo-flowered; $ flowers tubular, 5-dentate. Style 2-cleft. ? flowers filiform, co-seriate; involucre ovate. Scales imbricate, 8-seriate, scarious; as long as the head. Receptacle flat, naked. Pappus of 1- seriate, capillary bristles. Flowers pale. (91) 1. G. MICBOCEPHALUM Nutt. Bristles of pappus not united at their base into a ring; involucre mainly scarious, decidedly imbri- cate; leaves but slightly decurrent; white- woolly; involucre turbinate. It- Contra Costa. 2. G. SPKENGELII Hook. & Arn. Bristles of pappus not united at their base into a ring; involucre mainly scarious, decidedly imbri- cate; leaves but slightly decurrent, white- woolly; involucre hemispherical. 0. Com- mon. Summer. 3. G. DECUBBENS Ives. Bristles of pappus not united at their base into a ring; involucre mainly scarious, decidedly imbricate; leaves decidedly decurrent, glandular, white-woolly only underneath; involucre conipanulate. Smell of the plant like liquorice. 0. Sand- hills. San Francisco. Summer. 4. G. BAMOSISSIMUM Nutt. Bristles of pappus not united at their base into a ring; involucre mainly scarious, decidedly imbri- cate; leaves decidedly decurrent, linear, invo- lucre turbinate. Smell of the plant like liquor- ice. 0. Sand dunes. Saucelito. Summer. 5. G. PALUSTBE Nutt. Bristles of pappus not united at their base in a ring; scales of in- volucre woolly, only scarious at their tips, all nearly of the same length. . Moist grounds. Common. Summer. (92) 6. G. PUEPUEEUM L. Bristles of pappus united at the base into a ring. It. Near salt marshes. Common. Summer. Tribe III. AMBBOSLE. Anthers of or <3 flowers distinct, not syn- genetic. Style abortive, truncate. Corolla of ? flowers rudimentary or 0; pappus 0. 21, IvaL, Necessaria. Superflua. Headoo-flowered; S or flowers oo, tubular, 5-lobed; ? flowers few, 5-dentate. Scales of the involucre 3 to 4, ovate. Paleae of the receptacle linear. It. 1. I. AXILLAEIS. Pursh. Near the seacoast. Summer. 22, Ambrosia DC. RAGWEED. Monoecious. $ head oo-flowered; scales of the involucre united into a cup; receptacle flat, naked; ? head 1-flowered. Scales of the in- volucre united into a cup. Corolla 0. Akenes enclosed in the persistent involucre. 1. A. AETEMISI^FOLIA L. Leaves all bipin- natifid. 0. Cultivated grounds. Summer. 2. A. PSILOSTACHYA DC. Upper leaves pin- natifid, lower bipinnatifid. It- Cultivated grounds. Summer. (93) 23, Franseria Cav. Monoecious. $ head co-flowered. Scales of the involucre united into a cup. Palese of the flat receptacle filiform. ? head 1-, sometimes 2-4-flowered. Scales, of the involucre united into a cup; if the cup be more than 1-flowered, forming as many cells as there are flowers. Involucre armed with cc rows of spines. Akenes enclosed in the persistent involucre. It. 1. F. BIPINNATIFIDA Less. Leaves 2-3-pin- nately divided. Sand dunes, San Francisco. Summer. 2. F. CHAMISSONIS Less. Leaves cuneate to ovate, obtusely serrate, the lower sometimes laciniate. Sand dunes, San Francisco. Sum- mer. 24, Xanthium Tourn. COCKLEBUR. Monoecious. 3 head co-flowered. Scales of the involucre 1-seriate, distinct. Keceptacle cylindrical, paleaceous. ? head 2-flowered. Scales of the involucre united into a cup, armed with hooked spines. Corolla filiform. Akenes enclosed in the persistent involucre. 0. 1. X. STRUMARIUM L. Leaves green on both sides, scabrous, irregularly serrate. Road- sides. Common. Summer. 2. X. SPINOSUM L. Leaves whitish beneath, most of them deeply lobed. Waste grounds. Common. Summer. (94) Tribe IV. HELI ANTHER. Anthers without tails. Receptacle paleace- ous, Pappus not capillary. a. PalecB persistent. 25. Balsamorrhiza Hook. Nutt. Superflua. Head oo -flowered. Bay -flowers lanceolate. Receptacle flat, paleaceous. Pap- pus 0. 11 Flowers yellow. 1. B. DELTOIDEA Nutt. Leaves with cor- date base, entire to serrate. Niles. Spring. 2. B. Hookeri. Nutt. Leaves pinnately or bipinnately parted. Hillsides near Lake Chabot. Spring. 26. Wyethia Nutt. Superflua. Head co-flowered ; ray-flowers lanceolate. Scales of the involucre 2 3-seri- ate: external foliaceous; internal paleaceous. Receptacle flat, paleaceous. Pappus cup-shaped *or aristate. If. Flowers yellow. 1. W. HELENIOIDES Nutt. Involucre folia- ceous, spreading; pappus chaffy, not aristate; young plant tomentose; akenes pubescent towards the apex. Dry hillsides. Mission Dolores. Spring. 2. W. GLABRA Gray. Involucre foliaceous, spreading; pappus chaffy, not aristate; plant glabrous, glutinous; akenes glabrous. Tamal- pais. Spring. (95) 3. W. ANGUSTIFOLIA Nutt. P?ippus aristate. Marin County. Spring. 27, Helianthella Torr. & Gray. Frustranea. Head oo -flowered. Receptacle flat; paleaceous. Akenes flattened; pappus represented by 2, marginal, aristae, alternating with 2, caducous paleae. 2. Flowers yellow. 1. H. CALIFOBNICA Gray. Napa. Spring. 28. Helianthus L, SUNFLOWER. Frustranea. Head co-flowered. Receptacle flat, paleaceous. Akenes slightly compressed; quadrangular. Pappus represented by 2, mar- ginal caducous; palese with minute, intermedi- ate ones. Ray-flowers yellow. 1. H. ANNUUS L. Receptacle flat; paleaa of receptacle 3-cleft; disc brown; lower leaves cordate, serrate. Common. Summer. 2. H. SCABERRIMUS Benth. Receptacle flat; paleae of receptacle entire, aristate, the awn as long as the disc-flowers; disc brown. 0. San Rafael. Summer. 3. H. EXILIS Gray. Receptacle flat; palea3 of receptacle entire, aristate, the awn longer than the disc-flowers; disc brown. 0. Lake county. Summer. (96) 4. H. CALIFORNICUS DC. Receptacle convex; paleae of receptacle blunt, not aris- tate; disc-flowers yellow, only their anthers brown. U- Berkeley hills. San Eafael. Sum- mer. b. Palece deciduous. 29, PllgiopappUS Gray. Superflua. Head oo-flowered. Ray-flowers broad, deeply crenate. Involucre 2-seriate. Pappus of the disc 0; of the ray 2-aristate. Flowers yellow. Leaves alternate. . 1. P. CALLIOPSIDEUS Gray. Alma. Sum- mer. 30. Leptosyne DC. Superflua. Head oo-flowered. Ray-flowers broad, deeply crenate. Involucre 2-seriate, Pappus 0. Flowers yellow. 0. 1. L. STILLMANI Gray. Alma. Summer. 31, Bidens L. BEGGAR-TICKS. Frustranea. ^Equalis. Head oo-flowered. Involucre 2-seriate. Pappus 2-4-aristate. Leaves opposite. 1. B. CHRYSANTHEMOIDES Michx. Flowers yel- low. 0. Swamps near San Francisco (extinct) Marin county. Summer. (97) 32, Madia Mol. TAB-WEED. Superflua. Necessaria. Squalls. Ray- flowers ligulate, 3-dentate, scarcely longer "than the involucre. Involucre 1-seriate, her- baceous; scales carinate, complicate, embrac- ing the ray-akenes. Receptacle naked in the center, with 1-2 rows of palese between the disc and the ray. Akenes laterally compressed ; pappus of the ray 0; of the disc usually 0. Viscid, resinous herbs. Flowers yellow. 1. M. NUTTALLII Gray. Ray-flowers ex- serted and conspicuous; paleae of the pappus fimbriate. 2. Redwoods, Marin county. Spring, 2. M. RADIATA Kell. Ray-flowers ex- serted and conspicuous, obtusely 3-dentate; pappus 0. 0. Antioch. Spring. 3. M. ELEGANS Don. Ray-flowers exserted and conspicuous, acutely 3-lobed; pappus 0. . Common. Spring and summer. 4. M. SATIVA Mol. Ray-flowers short, inconspicuous; pappus 0; akenes of the disc 4- nerved,quadrangular. 0. Common. Summer. 5. M. DISSITIFLOKA Gray. Ray- flowers short, inconspicuous; pappus 0; akenes of the disc without the four nerves and angles. 0, Marin county. Summer. 5 (98) 6. M. FILIPES Gray. Bay-flowers short, in- conspicuous; pappus 0; disc-flower solitary. 0. Antioch. Spring. All the species covered by a resinous exu- dation of strong, generally disagreeable odor. Becom mended by the old settlers in affections of the urinary organs. 33, Hemizonia DC. TAR-WEED. Necessaria. Superflua. Bay-flowers ligu- late, dentate. Involucre 1-seriate, with con- cave scales embracing the ray-akenes. Becep- tacle flat, naked in the center, with a row of paleae between disc and ray or sometimes throughout. Akenes of the ray convex exter- nally, flat internally; pappus of the ray 0; pappus of the disc scaly, aristate, plumose or 0. 0. Viscid, resinous herbs; flowers yellow, white. 1. H. LUZULjEFOLiA DC. Only the ray- akenes developed, these obovate, triangular; terminal area depressed; rays 3-lobed, fre- quently white. 0. San Francisco. Summer. 2. H. MACRADENIA DC. Bay-flowers numer- ous with short liguliB. Bay-akenes turgid, gibbose, the gibbosity pushing the terminal area to the inner angle so that the area appears lateral; receptacle conical; leaves not pungent; flowers always yellow. 0. Tamalpais. Con- tra Costa. Autumn. (99) 3. H. PARBYI Greene. Eay-flowers numer- ous with short ligulae; ray-akenes turgid, very gibbose, the gibbosity pushing the terminal area to the inner angle so that the area appears lateral, receptacle convex; bracts of involucre pungent; palese of receptacle not pungent; upper leaves short, acerose, lower pinnatifid; flowers yellow. . St. Helena. Summer. 4. H. PUNGENS Torr. & Gray. Ray-flowers numerous with short ligulse; ray-akenes turgid, very gibbose, the gibbosity pushing the ter- minal area to the inner angle so that the area appears lateral; receptacle convex; upper r leaves and bracts of the involucre pungent; palese of the receptacle pungent also; lower leaves frequently bipinnatifid; flowers yellow. 0. Common. Summer. 5. H. COEYMBOSA Torr. & Gray. Ray-flow- ers cuneate, more than 10. Ray-akenes turgid, very gibbose, the gibbosity pushing the termi- nal area to the inner angle so that the area appears lateral; akenes 4-5-nerved; receptacle flat, naked on the disc, but the disc flowers separated from the ray-flowers by a cup, formed by connate paleae; ovary of the disc-flowers not developed; flowers yellow. 0. Common. Summer. 6. H. ANGU ST I FOLIA DC. Ray-flowers cuneate, more than 10; ray-akenes turgid, very (100) gibbose, the gibbosity pushing the terminal area to the inner angle so that the area appears lateral; akenes 3-nerved, receptacle flat, naked on the disc, but the disc-flowers separated from the ray by palese, connate at their base. Flowers yellow. 0. Berkeley. Tamalpais. Summer. 7. H. TRUNCATA Gray. Bay-flowers few, but with very large 3-lobed yellow ligula. Plant glabrous. 0. Marin county. Summer. 8. H. MULTTGLANDULOSA Gray. Bay-flowers few but with very large, 3-lobed ligula; plant hispid-glandular. 0. Tamalpais. Summer. Properties the same as Madia. 34. Holozonia Greene. Necessaria. Superflua. Disc flowers oo; ray-flowers 5 to 8, cuneiform, 3-cleft. Scales of the involucre corresponding in number to the ray-flowers, and completely embracing each akene. Bsceptacle flat, the paleae united into a cup enclosing the disc-flowers. Pappus of the disc generally 0; of the ray hyaline, spreading 2 . Flowers white. 1. H. FILIPES Greene. 2. Sonoma. Au- tumn. 35, Lagophylla Nutt. Necessaria. Superflua. Bay-flowers 5, cu- neiform, 3-lobed. Involucre of 5 scales, acu- (101) minate, with scarious margins, each completely enclosing the corresponding ray-akene. Recep- tacle flat, with 5 paleoe between the disc and ray. Pappus 0. 0. Flowers yellow, whitish. 1. L. RAMOSISSIMA Nutt. Pubescent.- . Tamalpais. Summer. 2. L. CONGESTS Greene. Hispid. 0. Tam- alpais. Summer. 36, Layia Hook. & Am. Superflua. Head oo-flowered; ray -flowers cune- iform, 3-dentate. Involucre 1-seriate, herbace- ous; scales acuminate, with scarious margins, completely enclosing the ray-akenes. Receptacle flat, with a row of paleae between disc and ray, or paleaceous throughout. Ray-akenes linear, attenuate at the base, and with a flat area at the top; pappus of the disc various; of the ray 0. 0. 1. L. CAENOSA Torr. & Gray. Pappus bris- tles plumose; ray-flowers inconspicuous, small. Sands of sea shore. Marin County. Spring. 2. L. HETEROTRICHA Hook. & Arn. Pappus- bristles plumose, their hairs erect; ray-flowers large, canspicuous, 3-lobed, white. Antioch. Livermore. Mies. Spring. 3. L. ELEGANS Torr. & Gray. Pappus- bristles plumose, their hairs woolly and inter- laced; ray-flowers conspicuous, yellow. Marin County. Spring. (102) 4. L. HIEEACIOIDES Hook. & Arn. Pappus bristles plumose, their hairs straight and erect; rays conspicuous, yellow, but little longer than the disc-flowers. Marin County. Spring. 5. L. GAILLARDIOIDES Hook. & Arn. Pap- pus-bristles plumose; their hairs straight and erect; ray-flowers conspicuous, yellow; con- siderably longer than the disc-flowers. Contra Costa. Saucelito. Spring. 6. L. PLATYGLOSSA Gray. Pappus aris- tate; awns equal; ray-flowers yellow, frequently with white tips. Saucelito. Spring. 7. L. CA^LIGLOSSA Gray. Pappus aristate; awns unequal; ray-flowers yellow with white tips. Berkeley. Spring. 8. L. CHRYSANTHEMOIDES Gray. Pappus 0; ray-flowers yellow with white tips. Alameda. Milbrae. Spring. 37, Achyrachaena Schauer. Superflua. Kay -flowers short and hidden. Involucre 1-seriate; scales with scarious mar- gins, embracing the ray-akenes. Keceptacle flat, naked in the centre, paleaceous towards the margin. Akenes clavate, those of the disc truncate, those of the ray with an epigynous disc; pappus of about 10 shining, silvery scales in two series, the outer considerably shorter than the alternate inner ones. 0. Flowers yellow or pale. 1. A. MOLLIS Schauer. Common. Spring. (103) Tribe V. HELENIE^:. Keceptacle not paleaceous. Scales of the in- volucre herbaceous; pappus not capillary. 38. Coinogyne Less. (Jaumea Pers.) Superflua. Involucre 2-seriate, imbricate; scales rounded. Receptacle conical, naked. Pappus 0. It. Flowers yellow, leaves oppo- site, fleshy. 1. C. CARNOSA Gray. Salt marshes around San Francisco. Summer. 39. Burriellia DC. Superflua. Bay-flowers few and short. Scales of involucre 5, ovate. Receptacle subu- late, naked. Pappus of the ray 2-aristate (some- times 0), as long as the corolla; of the disc 4-aristate. 0. Flowers yellow. Leaves oppo- site. 1. B. MICROGLOSSA DC. San Francisco, Spring. 40. Baeria Fisch. & Mey. Superflua. Ray-flowers ovate, exserted. Scales of the involucre 10, ovate. Receptacle conical, naked, rough. Akenes angled or nerved; pappus paleaceous or aristate, some- times 0. Flowers yellow. Leaves opposite. 0. 1. B. MACRANTHA Gray. Pappus aristate, sometimes 0; akenes not quadrangular; recep- (104) tacle muricate -roughened; leaves 3 -nerved, ciliate. 0. Marin County. Spring. 2. B. CHEYSOSTOMA Fisch & Mey. Pappus 0; akenes not quadrangular; receptacle muri- cate-roughened; leaves linear, not ciliate. 0. Common. Spring. 3. B. GBACILIS Gray. Akenes quadrangu- lar; pappus uniform, aristate; receptacle muri- cate -roughened; plant hirsutely pubescent. Common. Spring. 4. B. CABNOSA Greene. Pappus uniform, aristate; akenes quadrangular; receptacle mu- ricate-roughened; plant glabrous. 0. Salt marshes. Spring. 5. B. FBEMONTII Gray. Pappus 4 awns, alternating with narrow, small palese ; recepta- tacle muricate-roughened. Besides the entire leaves, some palmate ones. . Contra Costa. Spring. 6. B. ULIGINOSA Gray. Pappus 2-3 awns, alternating with broad fimbriate palese (some- times pappus altogether 0); receptacle muri- cate-roughened. Besides the entire leaves, some pinnately or bipinnately lobed ones. . Common. Spring. 41. Eriophyllum Lag (Bahia DC.) Superflua. Ray-flowers ovate, exserted. Scales of the involucre lanceolate, united at the base ; receptacle naked, alveolate. Pappus (105) 4, 8, or 12 mernbranaceous scales. Flowers yellow. 1. E. ST^CHADIFOLIUM Lag. Frutescent; heads with short peduncles in loose cymes; re- ceptacle alveolate. . San Francisco. Sum- mer. 2. E. CONFEBTIFLOKUM Gray. Suffrutescent; Head with very short peduncles in compact cymes; receptacle not alveolate. 2. Com- mon. Summer. 3. E. C^SPITOSUM Dougl. Herbaceous: heads solitary, or few on large peduncles. 2. Marin County. Summer. 42, Monolopia DC. Superflua. Scales of the involucre united into a dentate cup. Rceptacle conical, naked, papillate. Pappus 0. Flowers yellow. 1. M. MAJOR DC. Ray-flowers with 3-4 lobed ligulae and an appendage on the oppo- site side; bracts of the involucre united. . Oakland. Saucelito. Summer. 2. GRACILENS Gray. Ray-flowers with 3- 4-lobed ligulse and an appendage on the oppo- site side; bracts of the involucre distinct to the base. . Santa. Cruz Mountains. Sum- mer. 43. Lasthenia Cass. Superflua. Scales of the involucre united into a dentate cup. Receptacle conical, naked, 5A (106) papillose. Akenes linear compressed. Pappus 5 to 10 firm scales (sometimes 0). 0. Flowers yellow. 1. L. GLABERRIMA DC. Pappus palea- ceous. Near salt marshes. Spring. 2. L. GLABRATA Lindl. Pappus 0. Per- foliate. Common. Spring. 3. L. CALIF ORNICA Lindl. Pappus 0. Leaves clasping, not perfoliate. Berkeley. San Mateo. Spring. 44, Bigiopappus Gray. Superflua. Scales of the involucre linear, erect, rigid, half embracing the akene. Re- ceptacle flat, naked. Pappus 3-5-aristate. 0. Flowers pale, leaves alternate. 45, Chaenactis, DC. .ZEqualis. Flowers of the ray tubular but frequently enlarged. Involucre hemispheri- cal; its scales narrow. Eeceptacle flat. Pap- pus 4 to 12 obtuse, chaffy scales. 0. 1. C. LANOSA DC. Flowers yellow. Con- tra Costa. Spring. 46, Blennosperma Less. Necessaria. Ray flowers ovate, ligulate, without tube. Scales of the involucre 1-seri- ate, membranaceous. Receptacle flat, naked. (107) Akenes pyriform, papillate, gelatinous when wetted; pappus 0. 0. Flowers pale yellow. Leaves alternate. 1. B. CALIFORNICUM Torr. & Gray. Com- mon. Spring. 47, Helenium L- SNEEZK-WEKD. Superflua. Flowers of the ray palmate. Involucre 2-seriate; external scales GO, narrow, foliaceous, spreading, at length reflexed; inter- nal scales few, paleaceous. Receptacle globu- lar, naked. Pappus 5 to 12, meinbranaceous palete. Flowers of the ray yellow; disc pur- ple; leaves alternate. 1. H. PUBEKULUM DC. 0. Moist places. Summer. Tribe VI. ANTHEMIDE^E. Receptacle rarely paleaceous. Scales of the involucre scarious. Pappus not capillary. 48, Anthemis L. MAY-WEED. Superflua. Eay flowers ligulate. Scales of the involucre imbricate. Receptacle convex or conical, paleaceous. Akenes ribbed. Pappus 0. Ray-flowers white. Disc yellow. I. A. COTULA L. 0. Common on waste grounds, although not indigenous. Native of Europe. (108) 49. Achillea L. YARROW. Superflua. Head oo-flowerad; ray-flowers 6 to 6, ligulate, ovate. Involucre ovate; scales imbricate, those of the receptacle hyaline. Akenes marginate ; pappus 0. 11 . 1. A. MTLLEFOLIUM L. Eay-flowers and disc pale. Common. Summer. 50, Matricaria L- CHAMOMILE. Superflua. JEqualis. Scales of the invo- lucre imbricate. Keceptacle conical, naked. Akenes angulate. Pappus coroniform or 0. Disc yellow; flowers of the ray white. 1. M. DISCOIDEA DC. Pappus 0; areola of akene merely surrounded by a rim ; ray-flowers white, depauperate. Summer. Common. 2. M. OCCIDENTALIS Greene. Pappus coro- niform, unequal, the side toward the ray con- siderably developed, the inner side reduced to a rim. Contra Costa. Summer. 51, Chrysanthemum L. Superflua. Involucre hemispherical, spread- ing. Scales co-seriate, imbricate, appressed. Receptacle not conical, naked. Akenes short, somewhat terete, costate, truncate at the apex; pappus 0. 1. C. REGETUM L. Eay-flowers yellow. 0. Has been found near Oakland. Summer. (109) 52. Soliva Ruiz & Pavon. Necessaria. Superflua. Ray-flowers GO, with- out corolla. Style scarcely bifid, persistent. Receptacle flat, naked. Akenes obcompressed, winged, crowned by the style, sessile, pappus 0. 0. Flowers inconspicuous. 1. S. SESSILIS Ruiz & Pavon. Moist grounds near the coast. All the year round. 53. Cotula L. BRASS-BUTTONS. Superflua. Corolla of ray-flowers wanting. Receptacle flat, naked, papillose. Akenes com- pressed, winged, those of the ray stipitate; pappus 0. 0. Flowers yellow. 1. C. CORONOPIFOLIA L. Leaves pinnatifid. Aquatic. All the year round. 2. C. AUSTBALIS Hook. Leaves bipinnatifid; lobes linear. Waste places. All the year round. 54. Tanacetum L. TANSY. ^Equalis. Superflua. Ray-flowers not ligu- late. Receptacle convex, naked. Akenes an- gulate, with large epigynous disc. Pappus coroniform, or 0. 2. Flowers yellow. 1. T. CAMPHORATUM Less. Suffrutescent. Sand dunes near San Francisco. Summer. 55. Artemisia L- WORMWOOD. SAGE-BRUSH. ^Equalis. Superflua. Necessaria. Ray flowers tubular. Scales of involucre dry, with (110) scarious margins. Receptacle naked orvillous. Akenes obovate,with small epigynous disc; pap- pus 0. Heads small; flowers yellowish. 1. A. PYCNOCEPHALA DC. Superflua: flowers of the disc , but sterile; their style not bifid ; plant silky-villous ; leaves pinnately parted. 2 . Seashore. Summer. 2. A. DBACUNCULOIDES Pursh. Superflua. Flowers of the disc , but sterile; their style not bifid; plant glabrous; leaves linear. 1. Lake Chabot. Summer. 3. A. CALIFORNIA Less. Superflua. Flow- ers of the disc , and fertile; their style bifid; frutescent, paniculately branched, canescent; leaves pinnately parted; lobes filiform. *? . Common. Summer. Branches and leaves insecticide of con- siderable power. 4. A. LUDOVICIANA Nutt. Style of the flow- ers of the disc bifid; involucre tomentose; leaves lanceolate; the lower frequently parted into 3-5 lobes. 1. Common. Summer. Tribe VII. SENECIONID^}. Receptacle naked. Pappus capillary. 56. NardoSHlia Cass. (Petasites, Tourn.) Monoecia, Necessaria. Heads dimorphous, 3 or g contains $ flowers oc, ? flowers few. $ or $ head contains Q or 6 flowers few, ? flowers oo. (Ill) Involucre 1 -seriate, bracteolate. Receptacle naked. Akenes glabrous, ribbed; pappus of copious capillary bristles 2 . Flowers pale, appearing before the leaves. 1. N. PALMATA Gray. Taylorville. Santa Cruz Mountains. Spring. 57, Arnica L- Superflua. Ray flowers elongate, with dis- tinct, but sterile anthers. Involucre 2-seri- ate. Pappus capillary. 2. Flowers yellow. 1. A. DISCOIDEA Benth. Santa Cruz Mount- ains. Summer. 58, Senecio L- GROUNDSEL. Superilua. yE'jualis. Involucre 1-seriate, bracteolate. Pappus capillary. Flowers yellow. 1. S. HYDBOPHILUS Nutt. Glabrous; heads erect; rays few, sometimes 0; leaves almost entire; the radical, large, with long petioles; upper cauline leaves sessile, clasping. It Berkeley. Summer. 2. S. ABONICOIDES DC. Heads erect; ray- flowers few, frequently 0; leaves repand-den- ticulate; cauline variable, uppermost reduced to bracts. It- Presidio. Spring. 3. S. EURYCEPHALUS Torr. & Gray. Rays elongated; leaves pinnately parted; lobes cu- neate and acutely incised. 1C. San Mateo. Summer. (112) 4. S DOUGLASII DC. Ray-flowers elon- gated; leaves linear or pinnately parted into linear segments. 2. Contra Costa hills. Summer. 5. S. VULGARIS L. Rays 0. 0. Waste grounds. All the year round. Weed intro- duced from Europe. Tribe VIII. EUPATORIACE^;. Style branches club-shaped. ^Equalis. 59. Blllbostylis DC. (Brickellia Ell.) Scales of involucre imbricate, 2-3-seriate. Receptacle flat, naked. Margin of the tubular corolla minutely 5-dentate. Style bulbous at base. Akenes 10-striate; pappus oo-seriate, bristly, scabrous. Leaves opposite. 1. B. CALIFORNIA Gray. Suffrutescent; flowers pale. 2. Niles Station. Summer. Tribe IX. CYNAROIDE,E. Style branches concreted. Corolla deeply 5-cleft. Receptacle bristly. 60. Cnicus L- THISTLK. .ZEqualis. Scales of the involucre co-seriate, imbricate, ending in a spine. Pappus decidu- ous, co-seriate; bristles plumose, connected at their base into a ring. Filaments syngenetic. 00. (113) 1. C. AMEBICANUS Gray. Involucre ovoid; bracts appressed, imbricate, with loose, sca- rious tips; flowers ochroleucous. 00. Ma- rin County. Summer. 2. C. EDULIS Gray. Bracts of the involucre not appressed, not rigid, but loose, tapering from a narrow base gradually into a short flac- cid spine; corolla lobes filiform, with a thick- ened tip; flowers purple or whitish. 00. Common. Summer. 3. C. HALLII Gray. Bracts of the involucre not appressed, not rigid, but loose, tapering from a narrow base gradually into a flaccid, short spine; corolla lobes linear, flat; flowers rose-color or whitish. 00. Marin County. Summer. 4. C. OCCIDENTALIS Gray. Bracts of the in- volucre with short coriaceous base and squar- rose, subulate tips; heads solitary, terminal, very large; flowers crimson. Common. Sum- mer. 5. C. FONTINALIS Greene. Bracts of the in- volucre herbaceous, broad, reflexed, with a short spinose tip; heads nodding; flowers whitish. Crystal Springs; very local. Sum- mer. 6. C. QUERCETOBUM Gray. Bracts of the in- volucre appressed, coriaceous, only the outer mucronate, the inner unarmed; all plane without (114) glandular viscid spot on the dorsal side; flow- ers rose, purple or whitish. Presidio. Oak- land. Summer. 7. C. BBEWEKI Gray. Bracts of the involu- cre bearing on their dorsal side, near the tip, an oval, viscid, glandular spot; bracts much appressed, coriaceous, outer bracts tipped with a squarrose, slender prickle; flowers pale, pur- ple or whitish. Tamalpais. Summer. 61, Silybum Vaill. SPOTTED THISTLE. ^Equalis. Pappus ao-seriate. Bristles rigid. Filaments monadelphous. 0. Flowers pur- ple. 1. S. MARIANUM Gaertn. Common. Sum- mer. Native of the Mediterranean region. Seeds of the plant used as an antispasmodic. 62, Centaurea L STAR- THISTLE. Frustranea. ^Equalis. Involucre imbricate. Ray-flowers funnel-shaped. Pappus of oo, sca- brous, filiform bristles. 1. C. BENDICTA L. Akenes terete; flowers yellow. 0. Ballast-weed. Introduced from the Mediter- ranean region. Summer. 2. C. MELITENSIS L. Akenes costate. Flow- ers yellow. 0. (115) Ballast-weed. Introduced from the Mediter- ranean region. Summer. Sub-Family 2. Liguliflorce. All flowers of the head ligulate. Tribe I. CICHORIACEJS. 63. Stephanomeria Nutt. Head few-flowered. Involucre 1-seriate, caljculate. Receptacle flat, naked. Akenes 5-costate, with a callosity at their place of in- sertion. Pappus 1-seriate, bristly, plumose, white, coalescent. 0. 1. S. VIRGATA Benth. Flowers matutinal. Common. Summer. 64. Rafinesquia Nutt. Head co-flowered. Involucre 1-seriate, calyculate. Eeceptacle flat, naked. Akenes rostrate, with a callosity at their place of in- sertion; pappus white, plumose, capillary, coalescent. 0. Flowers pale. 1. E. UALIFORNICA Nutt. Common. Sum- mer. The smell of the plant resembles that of opium. 65. Hypochaeris L. Involucre imbricate. Receptacle paleaceous. Palese deciduous. Akenes rostrate; pappus plumose. Flowers yellow. (116) 1. GLABBA L. 0. Ballast weed, introduced from Europe. Summer. 66, (Microseris) Scorzonella Nutt. Involucre campanulate, imbricate in several ranks. Receptacle flat, naked, foveolate. Akenes more than 5-costate; pappus palea- ceous; paleae entire, lanceolate, tipped with a barbellate awn. Heads nodding when in bud. Plant caulescent. Flowers yellow. 1. S. PKOCERA Gray. Head more than 100- flowered; awns simply barbellate, 3 times longer than the palese. 1. Sonoma. Summer. 2. S. PALUDOSA Greene. Head less than 75 flowered; awns simply barbellate, twice as long as the palese. It. Marshy grounds. Marin County near Corte Madera. Summer. 3. S. SYLVATICA Gray. Awns nearly plum- ose, shorter than the paleae. 2. Contra Costa. Summer. 67, ( Microseris} Calais DC. Involucre conical, imbricate. Receptacle flat, alveolate. Akenes more than 5-costate; palete of the pappus 5, flat, bifid, with short awns. Head always erect on hollow, scape- like peduncles, that swell toward the head. Flowers yellow. (117) 1. C. KELLOGGII Greene. Awn of the pap- pus longer than the palea; palea emarginate (not deeply cleft) . . San Bruno Mountains ; Marin County. Spring. 2. C. LINDLEYI DC. Awn of the pappus somewhat shorter than the palea; palea brown- ish, persistent. 0. Common. Spring. 3. C. LINEARIFOLIA DC. Awn of the pap- pus not longer than the palea; palea white, persistent. 0. Common. Spring. 68, (Microseris) Microseris Don. Involucral bracts imbricate, the outer rank very short, calyculate. Receptacle flat, slight- ly alveolate. Palese of the pappus entire, tapering into a scabrous awn. Capitula nod- ding on slender scapes, which are not thickened towards the head. Flowers yellow. 0. 1. M. DOUGLASSII Gray. Pappus paleaceous; paleae 5, boat-shaped, tapering abruptly into an awn of the length of the akene. Common. Spring. 2. M. ATTENUATA Greene. Pappus palea- ceous; palere 5, boat-shaped, tipped with an awn shorter than the akene. Contra Costa. Spring. 3. M. ACUMINATA Greene. Pappus palea- ceous; paleiB 5, flat and straight, gradually ta- pering into an awn, shorter than the palea. Contra Costa. Spring. (118) 4. M. BIGELOVII Gray. Pappus paleaceous; palese 5, flat and straight, passing into an awn more than twice the length of the palea. Com- mon. Spring. 5. M. ELEGANS Greene. Pappus paleaceous; palese deltoid, very short, with a slender awn twice their length. Mies. Spring. 6. M. APHANTOCARPHA Gray. Pappus palea- ceous; paleaceous part nearly obsolete, aristate part long but setaceous, slender, and very fragile. San Francisco. Spring. 69, Malacothrix DC. Beceptacle, flat, naked. Akenes truncate; pappus 1-seriate, bristles scabrous, silvery, deciduous in a ring. . 1. M. CALIFOENICA DC. Scapose; involucral bracts in more than 2 ranks; flowers yellow. Contra Costa. Spring. 2. M. CLEVELANDI Gray. Branching; invo- lucral bracts in 2 ranks of equal length; be- sides the regular caducous pappus an external accessory pappus of 1 persistent bristle and a dentate crown; flowers yellow. Contra Costa. Spring. 3. M. OBTUSA Benth. Branching; involucral bracts in two ranks of unequal length; persis- tent bristles 0; flowers white. Marin County. Spring. (119) 70, Hieracium ourn. HAWKWEED. Involucre co-seriate, imbricate. Akenes terete, with a thin, crenulated ring on the apex, pappus 1-seriate, capillary. 1C. 1. H. ALBIFLORUM Hook. Involucre co- flowered; akenes linear; pappus sordid; flowers white. Saucelito. Summer. 71, Troximon Nutt. Involucre imbricate. Akenes linear. Apex contracted. Pappus oo-seriate. Bristles silky, not deciduous in a ring. 1. T. APARGIOIDES Less. Beak of the akene about the length of body; flowers yellow. 2. San Francisco. Summer. 2. T. HUMILE Gray. Beak of the akene sev- eral times the length of body; pappus as long as the beak; flowers yellow. It- Common. Summer. 3. T. LACINIATUM Gray. Beak of the akene several times the length of the body; pappus much shorter than the beak; leaves laciniate when more deeply parted and pimiatifid, the lobes linear; flowers yellow. 1C. Marin County. Summer. 4. T. GRANDIFLORUM Gray. Beak of the akene several times the length of body; pappus much shorter than the beak; leaves runcinate (120) when more deeply parted and pinnatifid, the lobes not linear; flowers yellow. 1. Com- mon. Summer. 5. T. HETEROPHYLLUM Greene. Beak of the akene but little longer than body; flowers yel- low. 0. Common. Spring. 72, Taraxacum Haller. DANDELION. Involucre imbricate. Akenes contracted into a long beak; pappus oo-seriate; bristles white, capillary nearly persistent. 2. Flow- ers yellow. 1. T. OFFICINALE Weber. Ballast weed in- troduced from Europe; rare. Summer. Offici- nal under the old Linnean name. Leontodon Taraxacum. 73, Sonchus L. SOW-THISTLE. Involucre oo-seriate, imbricate. Akenes compressed, truncate. Pappus oo-seriate, ca- pillary. Hairs in fascicles, soft. Flowers yel- low. 1. S. OLEEACEUS L. Auricles of the cau- line leaves acute. 0. Common. All the year round. Ballast weed from Europe. 2. S. ASPER Till. Auricles of the clasping cauline leaves rounded. 0. Ballast weed from Europe. (121) Family 2. CAMPANULACEJE. Calyx superior, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, alter- nating with the divisions of the gamapetalous corolla, and inserted between the corolla and the ovary. Anthers introrse, filaments flattened. Ovary 2-5 celled; cells oo-ovulate. Placentae central. Style 1. Stigmas 2-5. Fruit capsular. Leaves alternate. Lactescent herbs. 1, Githopsis Nutt. Calyx tube clavate, 10-costate; with 5 narrow, persistent lobes. Corolla com- panulate, 5-lobed. Filaments 5, membran- aceous. Ovary 3-celled. Stigmas 3. Cap- sule clavate, 10-costate, enclosed by the calyx, opening by a round hole at the apex. Seeds oo. . Dwarfish. 1. G. SPECULARIOIDES Nntt. Flowers blue. Marin County. Contra Costa. San Francisco. Spring. 2. Specular ia Heister. VENUS 's LOOKING-GLASS. Calyx-tube elongated. Lobes narrow. Co- rolla rotate, 5-lobed. Filaments membrana- ceous. Capsule elongated, opening by parie- tal valves near the apex. Seeds GO. 0. Flow- ers blue. 1. S. BIFLOBA Gray. Marin County. Contra Costa. Spring, (122) 3, Campanula Tourn. BELL-FLOWER. Calyx tube turbinate. Corolla campanu- late. Filaments membranaceous at their base. Capsule turbinate, opening by parietal valves. Flowers blue. 1. C. EXIGUA Eattan. Stem-leaves lin- ear. 0. Tamalpais. Spring. 2. C. PRENANTHOIDES Durand. Stem-leaves ovate, serrate. 2. Marin County redwoods. Spring. 4, Heterocodon Nutt. Early flowers cleistogamic ; later ones ex- panding. Calyx turbinate. Corolla campanu- late. Capsule membranaceous, turbinate, open- ing irregularly. 0. Flowers blue. 1. H. RARIFLORUS Nutt. Marin County. Spring. Family 3. CUCURBITACE^, Monoecious or dioecious. & : Stamens 5, 3- adelphous. Cells of anthers contorted, flexuous. 9 : ovary 2-5-celled. Placentae parietal. Style 1. Stigmas 3. 1, Megarrhiza Torr. (Echinocyslis. Torr. & Gray.) BIG-ROOT. Monoecious. $ flowers racemose. ? flowers single from the axil of the 6 raceme. Limb of calyx minutely ^dentate. Cqrolla rotate, . VS * w * ^ j. v* t -, . ' (123) deeply 5-lobed. Fruit a berry. Seeds large, globose. K- Boot large; stem climbing by tendrils. Flowers greenish white. 1. M. FABACEA Naud. (Calif ornica Torr.) Ovary globose, densely echinate; fruit globose, covered with pungent spines; seeds globose. San Francisco. Spring. 2. M. MARAH Kellogg. Ovary ovate, cov- ered with soft spines; fruit ovate, muricate; seeds lenticular. San Francisco. Spring. The enormous rhizomes of both species abound in an acrid, drastic juice, which renders the fecula, contained in a fair proportion, poi- sonous. Order 2. BUBIALES. Filaments terete. Family 1, DIPSACEJE. Leaves opposite. Stipules 0. Flowers in involucrate heads; single flowers protected by a double (involucellate) calyx, tetrandrous. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovulate. Fruit utricular. 1. Dipsacus Tourn. TEASEL. Head oblong. Leaflets of the involucre radi- ate. External calyx (involucellum) quadran- gular; internal cyathif or m. 00. Spring. 1. D. FULLONUM L. Flowers pale. Culti- vated grounds. Summer. Escaped from cuk |iiyation ! Originally Mediterranean, (124) Family 2, VALEBJANACEJE, Leaves opposite. Stipules 0. Inflorescence cymose. Calyx pappus-like. Ovary 3-celled; 2 cells sterile, and the fertile one 1-ovulate. Fruit an akene. 1, Plectritis, DC. Limb of calyx straight, entire, obsolete. Tube of the corolla gibbous; limb 5-cleft, 2-la- biate; triandrous. Akene winged by the per- sistent, sterile cell. . 1. P. MACROCERA Gray. Corolla almost regular; akene semilunar; dorsal angle of akene obsolete; flowers white or rose-color. Common. Spring. 2. P. CONGESTA Lindl. Corolla distinctly 2-labiate; dorsal angle of akene distinctly ca- rinate; fl o w e r s rose-color. Marin County. Spring. Family 3, CAPRIFOLIACE^:, Leaves opposite. Stipules 0. Fruit baccate. 1. SambllCUS Tourn, ELDER. Limb of Calyx 5-dentate. Corolla rotate, regular. Ovary 3-5-celled; cells 1-ovulate: styles 9; stigmas 3-5. Fruit a 3-5-seeded berry. 1. S. GLAUCA Nutt. Flowers cream-colored; berries blue, pruinose. *?. Berries eatable; root a powerful sudorific. (125) 2. Symphoricarpus Cass. SNOWBERRY. Calyx-limb 5-4-dentate, persistent. Co- rolla funnel-shaped, 5-4-lobed. Ovary 4- celled; 2 cells oo-ovulate but abortive, alterna- ting with 1-ovulate and fertile. Style filiform. Berry 4- celled, 2-seeded. ^ . 1. S. RACEMOSUS Michx. Glabrous; leaves oval; corolla narrowed at base; flowers pinkish; berries white. Common. Summer. 2. S. MOLLIS Nutt. Pubescent; leaves or- bicular; corolla with broad base; flowers pink- ish; berries white. Common. Summer. 3, Lonicera ^- HONEYSUCKLE. TWIN-BERRY. Calyx-limb small, 4-dentate. Corolla tubular or campanulate. Limb irregular 5-cleft. Style filiform. Berry 3-celled; cells few-seeded. 1. L. INVOLUCRATA Banks. Flowers in pairs; bracts foliaceous, bractlets conspicuous and accrescent in fruit; flowers orange-colored; berries shining black, enveloped in dark red, involucrate bracts. Stem erect. ^. Com- mon. Summer. ' ' Twin-berry" 2. L. HISPIDULA Dougl. Flowers in whorls round an axis, forming a loose spike; upper- most leaves connate; flowers in different shades of red and yellow; berries orange-red. Stem not erect. . Common. Summer. (126) Family 4, RUBIACEJE, Leaves opposite or verticillate. If opposite, stipulate. 1, Cephalanthus L- BUTTON-BUSH. Flowers capitate. Limb of the calyx 4-den- tate. Corolla tubular, slender, with 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Style 1, exserted. Stigma capitate. Ovary 2-4 celled. Cells 1-ovulate. ^ . 1. C. OCCIDENT ALIS L. Flowers white; rare. Niles Station. Summer. 2, Galium L. BED-STRAW. CLEAVERS. Limb of the calyx entire, obsolete. Corolla 4-3 cleft, rotate. Ovary 2-celled. Cells 1- ovulate. Styles 2, connate at base, capitate at apex. Fruit sometimes fleshy. Stems quad- rangular. Leaves verticillate. 1. G. APARINE L. $ Fruit a dicoccous schizocarp, granulate and setaceous; leaves 6-8 in a whorl; stem retrorsely bristly; flowers white. . Common. Summer. 2. G. BOREALE L. . Fruit a dicoccous schizocarp; leaves 4 in a whorl, 3-nerved, not cuspidate; flowers white. It- Tamalpais. Summer. 3. G. TRIFIDUM L. . Fruit a dicoccous schizocarp; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, 1-nerved, not cuspidate; flowers small, white. 2. Marin County. Summer. (127) 4. G. ASPERRIMUM Gray. $ Fruit dicoc- cous, a scabrous schizocarp; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, cuspidate; cymes dichotomous; flowers white. 2. Common. Summer. 5. G. TRIFLORUM Michx. Fruit dicoc- cous, an uncinate hispid schizocarp; leaves 4- 6 in a whorl, cuspidate; flowers in 3-florous or biternate cymes, whitish. 11. In shady, moist places; Marin County. San Mateo. Summer. This plant developes, in withering, the fragrance peculiar to the Euro- pean Asperula odorata, the Waldmeister of the Germans. It is used frequently for the so- called " May-drink." 6. G. CALIFORNICUM Hook & Arn. Dioecious. Fruit baccate; leaves thinnish, ovate, acumi- nate, 4 in a whorl; flowers yellowish. It- San Francisco. San Mateo. Contra Costa. Summer. 7. G. NUTTALLII Gray. Dioecious. Fruit baccate; leaves coriaceous, small, oval, obtuse,- mucronulate, 4 in a whorl; flowers yellowish; ^ . Common. Summer. 8. G. ANDREWSII Gray. Dioecious. $ flow- ers in a few flowered cyme; 9 flowers solitary; fruit baccate ; leaves crowded, acerose subulate ; 4 in a whorl. 1 . Common. Summer. (128) Sub-Section 2. HYPOGYN^:. ORDER 1. GENTIANALES. Tendency to develop an apocarpus ovary either by separat- ing the two cells entirely or by making the capsule septicidous. Family 1, ASCLEPI ADAGES. Monadelphous. Gynandrous. Anthers ex- trose; their pollen changed into pollinaria. Ovaries 2. Styles 2, united into a pentagonal stigma. Fruit a pair of follicles, or by abor- tion a single one. Lactescent plants. 1, Asclepias L. MILK- WEED. Corolla rotate, 5-parted. Stamineal tube short, expanding into a corona of 5 cucullate processes, from the cavity of each of which rises a corniform process. Cells of anthers separated, each connected to the cell of the neighboring one by an apical appendage, the pollinia becoming suspended over a gland, five of which protrude from the margin of the stigma. Seeds oo, with a silky arillus. 2 . 1. A. SPECIOSA Torr. Follicles echinate; flowers purplish. Marin County. Contra Costa. Laundry Farm. Summer. 2. A. VESTITA Hook. & Arn. Follicles glab- rous; erect on a deflexed pedicel; umbels oo- flowered, terminal umbel pedunculate; lateral (129) ones sessile; flowers whitish or purplish. Niles Station. Summer. 3. A. MEXICANA Cav. Follicles glabrous; erect on erect pedicels; umbels oo-flowered; peduncles longer than the pedicels; flowers whitish. Alameda on marshy places. Sum- mer. Family 2, APOCYNACEJE, Stamens not monadelphous. Anthers in- trose. Corolla contorted in aestivation and its lobes oblique. Lactescent. 1. Apocynum Tourn. DOG-BANE. INDIAN HEMP. Corolla companulate, 5-cleft, with 5 scales opposite the lobes and near their base. Sta- mens inserted on the base of the corolla. Fil- aments very short. Anthers sagitate, conniving into a ring. Ovaries 2, with 5, hypogynous scales. Fruit 2-follicular. Seeds with a hairy arillus. U- 1. A. ANDROSTEMIFOLIUM L. Cymes loose; corolla campanulate; tube longer than the calyx-lobes; corolla lobes revolute; flowers flesh-color. Livermore. Summer. Bare. (Dog- bane.) 2. A. CANNABINUM L. Cymes dense, com- pact; corolla tube not longer than the calyx- lobes; corolla lobes almost erect; flowers pale. Alvarado, on marshy places; very local. Sum- GA (130) mer. (Indian hemp.) The strong, silky fiber of the stem has been recommended as a textile substance, comparable to hemp. Family 3, GENTIANACEJE, Anthers introrse. Lobes of the corolla not oblique. Ovary oo-ovulate, septicidal. Not lactescent. 1. Microcala Link. (Cicendia Adans.) Calyx costate, 4-dentate. Corolla salver- shaped. Withering anthers not spirally contorted. Style filiform. Stigma peltate or 2-lobed. 0. Dwarfish herbs. Flowers yel- low. 1. M. QUADRANGULARIS Gries. Saucelito. Spring. 2. Erythraea Pers. CANCHALAGUA. Calyx tubular, angular, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, withering, but not deciduous. Withering anthers spirally contorted. Style filiform, deciduous. Capsule 1-celled, half divided by the prominent parietal placenta. . Flowers pink. 1. E. FLORIBUNDA Benth. Anthers oblong; lobes of corolla lanceolate; seeds globular. San Bruno range. Spring. 2. E. MUHLENBERGII Gries. Anthers oblong; lobes of corolla very obtuse; seeds oval. San Miguel. Spring. (131) 3. E. DOUGLASII Gray. Anthers oblong; lobes of corolla obtuse; seeds globular. San Francisco. Spring. 4. E. TRICHANTHA Gries. Anthers linear; lobes of corolla narrow, lanceolate. Marin County. Spring. 5. E. VENUSTA Gray. Anthers linear; lobes of corolla oval. San Leandro. Spring. 3, Gentiana k. GENTIAN. Corolla campanulate 4-5 lobed, withering but not deciduous. Style short or 0. Stigma 2-parted, persistent. Capsule septicidal. 2. 1. G. OREGANA Engelm. Flowers blue. Ta- malpais. Very local. Autumn. 4, Menyanthes Toum. BUCK BEAN. Corolla funnel-shaped, induplicate in nesti- vation, deciduous. Limb 5-lobed, bearded on the upper surface. It- Aquatic. Flowers white. 1. M. TRIFOLIATA L. San Francisco. Sum- mer. (Extinct since 1859.) ORDER 2 DIANDK^E. Corolla regular. Gamopetalous, 4-5 cleft or 0. Stamens 2. Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell 1-3. Leaves opposite. Family 1. OLEACE^l, ./Estivation valvate. (132) 1, Fraxinus Tourn. ASH. Flowers diclinous. Calyx 2-4 parted or 0. Corolla 2-4 parted; divisions 2-4 or 0. Ovary 2-celled; cells 2-ovulate. Stigma sessile, 2-cleft. Fruit a samara. ^ . 1. F. DIPETALA Hook. & Arn. Petals 2. b . Livermore. Niles. Spring, 2. F. OKEGANA Nutt. Dioecious, apetalous. "b . Near creeks. Mar in County. Menlo Park. San Mateo. Niles. Spring. Infusion of leaves has- formerly been used at the Russian settlements against rheumatism. ORDER 3 LAMIALES. Corolla 2-labiate. Number of stamens less than lobes of the co- rolla. Ovaries 2-4 or ovary 2-4 celled. Cells 1-2 or 4-ovulate. Fruit; an akene, drupe or capsule. Leaves opposite, Stipules 0. Family 1, LABIATJE, Ovary 4-cleft, 4-ovulate, inserted on a hypogynous disc. Style 1. Fruit 4 akenes, 1, Trichostema Gronov. BLUE CUELS. Tube of the corolla slender, limb 5-cleft. Lobes oblong, declined. Stamens didyna- mous, long-exserted. Filaments spiral in the bud. 1. T. LANCEOLATUM Benth. Flowers blue. 0. Niles Station. Livermore. Dry river beds. Summer. (133) 2, Mentha L. MINT. Calyx 5-dentate. Tube of corolla included, limb exserted, 4-lobed; upper lobe the larg- est. Stamens 4, scarcely didynamous, erect, distant. Anthers 2-celled. Cells parallel. If. 1. M. VIRIDIS L. Inflorescence terminal; dense glomerules, crowded around narrow spikes; spikes leafless; leaves almost sessile. Irrigated grounds. Summer. Autumn. Es- caped from cultivation. Native of Europe. (Spearmint.) 2. M. PIPEBITA L. Inflorescence terminal; glomerules on uninterrupted narrow spikes; spikes leafless; leaves distinctly petioled; flow- ers pale. Irrigated grounds. Summer. Au- tumn. Escaped from cultivation. Native of Europe. (Peppermint.) 3. M. CANADENSIS L. Inflorescence axil- lary; uppermost axils of leaves without flow- ers. Wet places. Native species. Summer. 3. Lycopus Tourn. WATER HOKEHOUND. Diandrous. Posterior pair of stamens or sterile. Otherwise as Mentha. If. 1. L. LUCIDUS Turcz. Flowers pale Mar in County. Aquatic. Summer. 4, Pycnanthemum Benth. MOUNTAIN MINT. Corolla tube as long as the calyx, limb 2- labiate, upper lip nearly entire. Lower lip (134) 3-lobed. Lobes obtuse. Stamens 4, straight, divergent. Cells of anthers parallel. 1C. 1. P. CALIFOIINICUM Torr. Flowers pale. Contra Costa. Summer. 5. Monardella B^nth. Limb of corolla 2-labiate. Upper lip 2- cleft. Lower lip 3-cleffc. All the lobes nar- row. Stamens 4, straight, divergent. Cells of anthers at last divergent or divaricate. 1. M. VILLOSA Benth. Flowers capitate; leaves ovate, pinnately veined. Bracts ovate, foliaceous; flowers purplish. if. Marin County. Summer. 2. M. DOUGLASII Benth. Flowers capitate; leaves lanceolate; bracts ovate, pinnately veined, membranaceous, tapering gradually into a cusp; flowers purplish. 0. Marin County. Summer. 3. M. BREWERI Gray. Flowers capitate, leaves ovate, pinnately veined, abruptly cuspi- date; flowers purplish. 0. Contra Costa. Summer. 4. M. LANCEOLATA Gray. Flowers capi- tate; leaves lanceolate; bracts nerved, with veinlets crossing from nerve to nerve; flowers rose-color. 0. Contra Costa. Summer. 5. M. UNDULATA Benth. Flowers capitate; leaves spathulate, obtuse, undulate-margined; bracts ovate, nerved, without veinlets crossing (135) from nerve to nerve; flowers purplish. 0. Common. Summer. 6, Micromeria Benth. YERBA BOHNA. Calyx tubular, 13-nerved, 5-dentate. Cor- olla 2-labiate. Stamens didynamous, ascend- ing. 1C. 1. M. DOUGLASII Benth. Flowers white. Common. Summer. Formerly much in use as a carminative. 7. Pogogyne Benth. Calyx campanulate, 15-nerved, 5-cleft. 2 lower teeth much longer than the three upper ones. Corolla 2-labiate. Stamens didyna- mous, ascending, convergent in pairs. Style villous, . 1. P. DOUGLASII Benth. All stamens fer- tile; inflorescence taking the shape of a contin- uous spike; lower calyx lobes twice the length of the calyx-tube; flowers violet. Common. Summer. 2. P. PARVIFLORA Benth. All stamens fer- tile; inflorescence taking the shape of a con- tinuous spike; lower calyx lobes about the length of the calyx-tube; flowers violet. Berke- ley hills. Summer. 3. P. SERPYLLOIDES Gray. Posterior pair of stamens sterile; inflorescence taking the shape of an interrupted spike; flowers violet. Berkeley. Summer, (136) 8. Acanthomintha Gray. Calyx tubular 13-nerved, naked in the throat. Upper lip 3-dentate. Lower lip 2-parted, shorter. Teeth spinulose. Corolla tube ex- ceeding the calyx, naked. Upper lip curved, entire or 2-lobed. Lower lip 3-lobed. Upper pair of stamens sterile and shorter. Lower pair ascending. Anthers 2-celled. Cells divaricate. Bracts thorny. 0. 1. A. LANCEOLATA Curran. Flowers rose- color. Niles. Summer. 9, Sphacele Benth. Calyx campanulate, enlarged in fruit, 10- nerved, reticulate-veined, 5-dentate. Tube of the corolla wide, with a hairy ring near its base, the 5 lobes of the limb obtuse . Lower lobes the longer ones. Stamens ascending. Cells of the anthers divergent. . Flowers large, pale. 1. S. CALYCINA Benth, San Mateo. Sum- mer. 10. SalviaL- SAGE. Calyx 2-labiate. Corolla ringent. Stamens 2, parallel. Anthers separated by a connective, shaped like a branch of the filament; only the posterior end of it bearing an anther cell. 1. S. CARDUACEA Benth. White-woolly with cobwebby hair ; radical leaves sinuate to (137) pinnatifid, spinulose ; upper lip of calyx 3-den- tate; flower lavender-color. 0. Livermore. Spring. 2. S. COLUMBARIA Benth. Puberulent; radi- cal leaves pinnately parted; partitions crenate, rugose; upper lip of calyx 2-dentate, teeth con- nivent; flowers blue. 0. Niles station. Spring. 11. Audibertia Benth. Calyx 2-labiate. Corolla 2-labiate; upper lip 2-cleft, spreading. Stamens ascending. Anthers dimidiate, (upper half of the apparent filament showing by an articulation or spur its being originally a connective between the 2 cells of an anther.) 1. A. GRANDIFLORA Benth. Leaves hastate, sticky ; flowers crimson. 1. . Bernal Hights. Summer. 2. A. STACHYOIDES Benth. Leaves lanceo- late; flowers violet. ^ . Lake Chabot. Sum- mer. 12, Lophanthus Benth. GIANT HYSSOP. Calyx subregular, 15-nerved, 5-dentate. Up- per pair of stamens longer and declined; lower pair shorter and ascending. Anther 2-celled; cells parallel. 2. Flowers purplish. 1. L. URTICIFOLIUS Benth. Marin County. Summer. (138) 13. Scutellaria L. SKULLCAP. Calyx 2-labiate, closed in fruit, at last split- ting and the upper lip deciduous. Tube of corolla exserted; upper lip crest shaped, with 2 lateral lobes; lower lip reduced to a single lobe. Stamens didynamous, ascending, par- allel. Anthers of the lower pair dimidiate. 1. S. TQBEROSA Ben tli. Koot stock filiform, bearing tubers; none of thelioral leaves shorter than the flowers; flowers blue. 2. San Fran- cisco. Contra Costa. Spring. 2. S. CALIFORNIA Gray. Koot stock fili- form, but without tubers; uppermost floral leaves shorter than the flowers; flowers pale. 2. Marin County. Spring. 14. Prunella L. SELF-HEAL. Calyx 2-labiate, closed in fruit and flattened. Corolla with a scaly or hairy ring near its base; upper lip concave; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens didynamous, ascending. Anthers approximate in pairs. 2. 1. P. VULGARIS L. Flowers blue, San Francisco. Summer. 15. Marrubium L. HOREHOUND. Calyx tubuLir, 5-10 dentate. In fruit the teeth spreading. Tube of the corolla included. Limb 2-labiate. Stamens didynamous, includ- ed. Cells of anthers divaricate. 2. (139) 1. M. VULGARE L. Flowers white. San Francisco. Contra Costa. Summer. Native of Europe. Perhaps in older times used as a medicinal herb. 16. Stachys. HEDGE-NKTTLK. Limb of the corolla 2-labiate, upper lip erect, concave, lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, middle lobe longest. Stamens ascending, ap- proximate in pairs, parallel, contorted in with- ering. 1. S. AJUGOIDES Benth. Corolla pale, tube about the length of the calyx; leaves oblong with rounded base; lower leaves petioled; up- per sessile; none of the floral leaves shorter than the clusters, which are arranged in an in- terrupted spike. 2{. Common? Summer. 2. S. ALBENS Gray. Corolla pale, tube about the length of the calyx; leaves oblong with cordate base; lower leaves short-petioled; upper nearly sessile; most of the floral leaves shorter than the inflorescences, which are ar- ranged in an interrupted spike. 2. Santa Clara County. Summer. 3. S. PYCNANTHA Benth. Corolla pale; tube about the length of the calyx; floral leaves all reduced to small bracts. It- Common. Sum- mer. (140) 4. S. BULLATA Benth. Corolla purple; tube somewhat longer than the calyx. 71. Com- mon. Summer. 5. S. CHAMISSONIS Benth. Corolla red; tube twice as long as the calyx. 2^. Presidio. Saucelito. Wild Wood Glen. Point Bonita. Summer. Family 2, VERBENACE.E. Didynamous. Ovary undivided. Fruit dru- paceous or baccate, or splitting at length into its component parts (nutlets.) 1, Verbena L. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped. Fruit at length splitting into four 1-seeded nutlets. 1. V. OFFICINALIS L. Flowers pale. 0. Not common. Summer. 2, Lippia L. Fruit 2-celled, splitting into two 1-seeded nutlets. 1. L. NODIFLORA Michx. Flowers rose-color. . Niles. Summer. Family 3, PLANTAGINEJE, Calyx 4-sepalous, persistent. Corolla gam- opetalous, 4-cleft, scarious. Stamens 4, alter- nate with the lobes of the corolla. Anthers versatile. Style. 1. (141) 1. PlantagO L. PLANTAIN. Flowers bracteate, spicate. Ovary 2-celled (spuriously 4-lobed.) Fruit a capsule, trans- versally dehiscent. 1. P. MAJOR L. Corolla glabrous; leaves 5-9 nerved; cells of ovary containing several ovules. 1. Everywhere. Summer. Popular remedy with the old inhabitants. Leaves used as external application ; supposed to cool when put to a sore with their under- side, and to draw when put there by their up- per side. 2. P. MABITIMA L. Corolla tube externally pubescent; leaves linear, fleshy. It- On rocks near the sea. Summer. 3. P. LANCEOLATA L. Corolla glabrous; leaves 3-5 nerved; cells of ovary each con- taining 1 ovule. 00. San Mateo. Summer. 4. P. PATAGONICA Jacq. Entire inflores- cence silky pubescent; leaves 1-3-nerved; cells of ovary each containing 1 ovule. 0. Everywhere. Spring. 5. P. HIETELLA HBK. Dioecious; scape and inflorescence hirsute; leaves 5-7 nerved; cells of ovary each containing 2 ovules. 1C. Ocean Lake. Berkeley, Summer. An infusion of the leaves is much recom- mended by old inhabitants as a gargle in diph- theria. (142) 6. P. BIGELOVII Gray. Polygamous, dian- drous; spikes short, thick, dense; leaves fili- form, fleshy. 0. Salt marshes. Summer. 7. P. HETEEOPHYLLA Nutt. Dioecious; spike slender; leaves fleshy. . Sandy ground. Spring. ORDER 4. PEKSONALES. Corolla gamo- petalous, irregular, its lobes not corresponding in number to the number of stamens which are inserted into its tube. Ovarjr superior, consol- idated from two seed-leaves. Ovules oo. Fruit a capsule or berry. Stipules 0. Family 1, OROBANCHEJE. Ovary 1-celled; placentae parietal. Parasites without chlorophyll. Leaves reduced to scales. 1, Anoplanthus Endl. (Aphyllon}. Flowers without bractlets. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla tubular, curved; limb 5-cleft. Stamens didynamous; cells of anthers separated, mucro- nate at their base. Placentae 4. Capsule 1-celled, dehiscent by 2 valves; each valve with a pla- centa on each margin. 2. 1. A. UNIFLORUS L. Ehizome bearing only a few scapes; calyx lobes longer than the calyx-tube; flowers dull yellow, more or less tinged with violet; fragrant. Saucelito, Bare, ( 143 ) 2. A. FASCICULATUS Nutt. Ehizome bearing fasciculate scapes (peduncles) ; calyx lobes not longer than the calyx tube and much shorter than the corolla; flowers dull yellow, more or less tinged with purple. Saucelito. Rare. Summer. 2. Aphyllon Mitchell. Flowers with bractlets. Otherwise nearly as the preceding. 1. 1. A. COMOSUM Gray. Paniculate-racemose; bractlets remote from calyx; calyx half the length of corolla; flowers pink. Bare. Sum- mer. Family 2, SCROPHULARIACE^, Ovary 2- celled. Placentae axillary or central. Capsule 2-celled, with 2 or 4 valves, Tribe 1. RHINANTHE.E. Lower half of corolla in aestivation covering the upper half. Corolla tubular ; limb 2-labiate. 1. Pedicularis Toum. Didynamous. Corolla ringent; upper lip laterally compressed. Anthers of equal size and insertion. Capsule loculicidal, 1. 1. P. DENSIFLOEA Benth. Flowers crimson. IJill-sides t Spring. (144) 2, Cordylanthus Nutt. Calyx spathaceous; fissure, if present, lat- eral; lips of corolla short; upper one laterally compressed. Stamens didynamous or dian- drous. Anthers 2-celled; cells separated and of different shape and insertion. Capsule lo- culicidal. 0. 1. C. MABITIMUS Nutt. Calyx 1-phyllous; flowers sessile, axillary; anthers of the two longer stamens 2-celled; anthers of the two shorter stamens dimidiate; leaves and bracts entire, pale green; corolla purplish. Salt marshes, San Francisco. Summer. 2. C. MOLLIS Gray. Calyx 1-phyllous; flow- ers sessile, axillary, diandrous; anthers 2-celled; leaves and bracts linear, hirsute, the upper ones sometimes dentate, laciniate; flowers pale. Salt marshes. Vallejo. Summer. 3. C. PILOSUS Gray. Didynamous. Calyx 2-phyllous; all anthers 2-celled; leaves and bracts soft, villous; flowers yellowish or pur- plish. Santa Clara County, on dry grounds. Spring. 4. C. FILIFOLIUS Nutt. Didynamous. Calyx 2-phyllous, all anthers 2-celled; floral leaves hispid, flowers purplish. Santa Cruz mountains. Spring. . ( 145 ) 3. Orthocarpus Nutt. Calyx spatliaceous, cleft vertically. Corolla personate, upper lip the smaller one, lower lip saccate. Didynamous; cells separated and of different shape and insertion. Capsule locu- licidal. 0. 1. O. LITHOSPERMOIDES Benth. Lower lip 3-saccate; sacs ample, ventricose, much larger than the upper lip ; upper lip straight, slender, subulate, anther 2-celled; corolla white, tinged with purple. Ocean Lake. Colma. Spring. 2. O. FAUCIBARBATUS Gray. Lower lip 3-sac- cate, much larger than the straight slender upper lip; anthers 1-celled; stamens wrapt in the involute upper lip; plant glabrous, only bracts puberulent; corolla pale. Contra Costa. Spring. 3. O. ERIANTHUS Benth. Lower lip 3-saccate, much larger than the straight, slender upper lip: anthers 1-celled; stamens wrapt in the involute upper lip; plant pubescent; corolla yellow; in a variety (hybrid?) white or rose- color, but upper lip always dark. Marin County. Spring. 4. O. FLORIBUNDUS Benth. Lower lip 3-saccate, much larger than the straight slen- der upper lip; anthers 1-celled; stamens not wrapt in the lanceolate upper lip; corolla white, tube twice the length of the calyx. Marin County. Millbrae. Spring. 7 (146) 5. O. PUSILLUS Benth. Lower lip 3-saccate, larger than the slender, straight upper lip; an- thers 1-celled; stamens not wrapt in the lanceo- late upper lip; corolla purplish, its tube not surpassing the calyx. Common. Spring. 6. O. PURPUBASCENS Benth. Lower lip sim- ply saccate, broader but not longer than the upper lip, the tip of which is incurved and back bearded; bracts and corolla white, rose or crimson. Common. Spring. 7. O. CASTILLEIOIDES Benth. Lower lip ven- tricose; upper lip straight, its back not beard- ed; leaves lanceolate, commonly laciniate; upper leaves not attenuate, but cuneate-dilated and deeply cleft; spike dense; bracts and corolla pale, sometimes sprinkled with red. Marsh near Tamalpais. Spring. 8. O. DENSIFLORUS Benth. Lower lip ventri- cose; upper lip straight, its back not bearded; leaves linear; upper leaves attenuate; bracts 3- cleft, as long as the flowers; spike dense; bracts and corolla purple and white. Common. Spring. 9. O. ATTENUATUS Gray. Lower lip ventri- cose; upper lip straight, its back not bearded; leaves linear; bracts with slender lobes, her- baceous and barely white- tipped; flowers pale; lower lip purple-spotted; spike virgate. Com- mon. Spring. (147) 4. Castilleia Nutt. PAINTED-CUP. Calyx spathaceous, cleft vertically. Corolla ringent, upper lip the larger. Stamens didy- namous. Cells of anthers separated and of different shape and insertion. Capsule loculi- cidal. 1. C. FOLIOLOSA Hook. & Am. Dorsal and ventral side of calyx equally cleft; plant to- mentose; leaves linear; bracts crimson. 2. Common. Summer. 2. C. PARVIFLORA Bong. Dorsal and ven- tral side of calyx equally cleft; plant villous, viscid; leaves laciniate, lobes linear; bracts crimson, yellow or white. 1. San Mateo. Summer. 3 C. LATIFOLIA Hook. & Arn. Dorsal and ventral side of calyx equally cleft; plant vil- lous, viscid; leaves oval, obtuse, usually entire; when lobed, lobe obtuse, oval; bracts crimson, yellow or white. 2. Common. Summer. 4. C. AFFINIS Hook & Arn. Ventral side of calyx more deeply cleft than dorsal side. Calyx and upper part of the bracts petaloid, crimson, sometimes orange. 2. Common. Summer. Tribe II. VERONICE^E. Lower half of the corolla in aestivation covering the upper half. Corolla not tubular nor 2-labiate. (148) 1. Veronica k- SPEEDWELL. BROOKLTME. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Corolla rotate, 4-lobed, upper lobe the largest. Ovary few-seeded. Capsule compressed, emarginate. 1. V. PEREGRINA L. Upper leaves alter- nate, sessile; lowest leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers single, axillary bluish. 0. Low grounds. Spring. 2. V. AMERICANA Schweinitz. All leaves opposite; flowers in axillary racemes; corolla bluish. 1. Aquatic, Not common. Summer. 2. Synthyris Benth. (Wulfmia Jacq.) Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla campanula te. Limb of corolla 4-lobed; posterior lobe emarginate, diandrous. Capsule 2-celled. Ovules oo. 1. S. ROTUNDIFOLIA Gray. Flowers pur- plish. U- Lagunitas Creek. Spring. 3, Limosella L- MUDWORT. Calyx 5-dentate. Didynamous. Limb of corolla 5-cleft. Cells of anthers confluent, transversely dehiscent. Capsule 1-celled, co- seeded. 0. 1. L. AQUATICA L. Flowers pale. Salt marshes. Summer. Tribe III. GRATIOLE^E. Upper lip in aestivation covering the lower. Stigma flat, 2-lobed. (149) 1, Gratiola L. Calyx 5-parted, with two bractlets. Corolla 2-labiate. Filaments 4; two of them fertile, two sterile (sometimes 0). Ovary oo-ovulate. Capsule loculicidal, at length septifragal. 1. G. EBRACTEATA Benth. Corolla pale. 0. Marin County. Spring. 2. Mimetanthe Greene. Calyx campanulate, not angulate. Capsule dehiscent only by the dorsal suture. 1. M. PILOSA Greene. Corolla yellow. 0. Dry river beds. Summer. The whole plant has a nauseous smell, resembling that of Datura stramonium. 3. Mimulus L. MONKEY-FLOWER. Calyx angular; angles carinate. Placentae of the capsule remain united and only separate at last near the apex. Valves of the capsule mem- branaceous. 1. M. INCONSPICUUS Gray. Glabrous; leaves ovate, entire, 3-5 nerved; all cauline leaves ses- sile; calyx ventricose, its teeth about equal and very short; corolla yellow. 0. Livermore. Summer. 2. M. NASUTUS Greene. Glabrous; stem 4- augular; leaves dentate, 3-5 nerved, mostly petioled; calyx ventricose, in fruit conspicu- ously pointed by the projecting upper tooth; (150) corolla yellow, commonly with a purple spot on the lower lip. Common in marshy places. Summer. 3. M. LUTEUS L. Glabrous; leaves variable in form, dentate; upper leaves sessile, lower leaves petiolate; calyx ventricose, inflated; teeth unequal, but in fruit without the projec- tion of the upper largest tooth; corolla yellow, marked with purple. 24!. Common in marshy places. Summer. 4. M. MOSCHATUS Dougl. Villous and vis- cous; leaves pinnately veined; corolla yellow. 2. Wet places in the mountains. Sum- mer. 5. M. CABDINALIS Dougl. Villous and vis- cous; leaves ovate, the upper connate; limb of corolla very oblique; corolla scarlet. 1C . Wa- ter-courses. Contra Costa. Summer. 4. Diplacus Nutt. STICKY MONKEY-FLOWER. Calyx angular; angles carinate. Placentas meeting, but in dehiscence separate through their whole length. Valves of the capsule co- riaceous. Tube of corolla funnel-shaped. 1. D. GLUTINOSUS Wendt. Flowers orange- color, but running sometimes into different shades of yellow and red. ^ . Common. Sum- mer. (151) 5. Eunanus Benth. Calyx angular; angles carinate. Placentae of the capsule separate in dehiscence for their whole length. Tube of corolla slender, fili- form. 1. E. DOUGLASII Benth. Corolla red, sometimes spotted . . Marin County. Spring. Tribe IV. DIGITALE^E. Upper lip of corolla in aestivation covering the lower lip. Stigma minute, not flat. Cap- sule septicidal. 1, Pentstemon L'Herit. Didynamous, with a fifth sterile filament. Calyx 5-parted. Limb of corolla labiate. It. 1. P. AZUBEUS Benth. Anthers sagittate; their cells confluent at the apex, dehiscent by a common split, that does not extend beyond the middle of the cell; corolla blue. Niles. Summer. 2. P. CENTBANTHIFOLIUS Benth. Cells of the anthers divaricate; dehiscent for their whole length; corolla scarlet. Niles. Summer. Tribe V. ANTIKRHINE^:. Upper lip in aestivation covering the lower lip. Tube of corolla gibbous or calcarate. Capsule neither loculicidal nor septicidal. (152) 1. Collinsia Nutt. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla personate, upper lip erect, lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe later- ally compressed, hiding the didynamous sta- mens. Capsule few-seeded, septifragal. . 1. C. PAEVIFLORA Dougl. Flowers with long pedicels, mostly solitary in the axils of the leaves; throat of corolla longer than the limb; corolla small, blue; upper lip sometimes white. Saucelito. Spring. 2. C. SPARSIFLORA Fisch & Meyer. Flowers with long pedicels; mostly solitary in the axils of leaves; throat of corolla shorter than the limb; corolla pale-purple lower lip violet. Ma- rin County. Ocean Lake. Spring. 3. C. BARTSI^FOLIA Benth. Flowers with short pedicels, crowded in the axils of leaves or bracts; throat of corolla longer than broad; corolla pale-p urplish. Mission Dolores. Spring. 4. C. BICOLOR Benth. Flowers with short pedicels, crowded in the axils of leaves or bracts; throat of corolla as broad as long, in- flated and saccate; upper lip of corolla pale, lower lip violet. San Rafael. Spring. 2. Antirrhinum L- SNAPDRAGON. Didynamous. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla sac- cate, 2-labiate, personate. Capsule dehiscent by pores at the apex. (163) 1. A. VAGANS Gray. Corolla, violet.- . Contra Costa. San Mateo. Spring, 3. Linarla Tonrn. TOAD-FLAX. Didynamous. Calyx 5-cleft, Corolla with a spur, 2-labiate, personate. Capsule sepa- rating at the apex into two valves. . 1. L. CANADENSIS Dumont. Corolla blue. 0. Common. Spring. Tribe VI. VERBASCE^;. Upper lip in aestivation covering the lower lip. Corolla neither ringent nor personate. Capsule septicidal. 1.' Scrophularia Touru. FIG WORT. Corolla short, globular. Limb narrow, 5- lobed. Middle lobe of lower lip reflexed. Di- dynamous (rudiment of a fifth stamen). 1. S. CALIFORNICA Cham, Corolla dark pur- ple. 2. Common. Summer. Order 5. POLEMONIALES. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla, and more than the cells of the ovary. Stipules 0. Family 1. SOLANACEJE, Corolla regular. Ovary 2-4 celled; GO -ovu- late. Fruit capsule or berry. 1. Solanum L- POTATO. NIGHTSHADE. Calyx persistent in fruit. Corolla rotate ; in aestivation valvate, induplicate. Anthers con- 74 (154) nivent, opening by apical pores. Fruit an co- seeded berry. 1. S. NIGEUM L. Corolla deeply 5-cleft; white or blue; berry black or orange. 0. Common throughout the year. Very variable species. The berries of most, perhaps of all our Calif ornian variations are not poisonous, and are frequently eaten by children. 2. S. UMBELLIFERUM Esch. C o r o 1 1 a merely 5-angled, rotate, blue; berries red. 11 . >> . Common. FJowering at all seasons. The berries of this species are at least suspicious. 2. Datura L. THOKN-APPLE. Calyx tubular, circumscissile. Corolla fun- nel-shaped, plicate and convolute in aestiva- tion. Anthers dehiscent longitudinally. Ovary spuriously 4-celled. Capsule ovate, septifra- gal. Seeds reniform. 1. D. STRAMONIUM L. Corolla white, tinged with pale blue. 0. Sunnyside. Summer. Poisonous ballast-weed; differs from the Eu- ropean and Asiatic type by the bluish tinge of its corolla. 3. Nicotiana L. TOBACCO. Calyx tubular, peristent. Corolla funnel or salver-shaped. Anthers longitudinally dehi- scent. Ovary 2-celled, oo-ovulate. Capsule septicidal. Seeds oo, minute. (155) 1. N. BIGELOVII Watson. Flowers white. . Buena Vista, Sonoma. Summer. Family 2, BORRAGINE.E. Ovary 4-celled, 4-lobed. Cells 1-seeded. Fruit 4 nutlets. Style 1. 1, Amsinckia Lehm. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver- or funnel- shaped. Limb 5-lobed. Ovary 4-lobed. Style central. Fruit 4 nutlets, attached to a conical disc above its base. 0. Inflorescence circi- nate. Flowers yellow. 1. A. VEBNICOSA Hook & Arn. Nutlets tri- quetrous, straight, smooth, shining; attached at the lower part of the inner angle. Contra Costa. Spring. 2. A. TESSELATA Gray. Nutlets testaceous, tessellate, rugose; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla orange-color. Contra Costa. Spring. 3. A. INTERMEDIA Fisch. & Mey. Nutlets scabrous, convex and carinate on the back; calyx-lobes narrow, acute; corolla tube scarcely exceeding the calyx. Paper Mill Creek. Spring. 4. A. SPECTABILIS Fisch. & Mey. Nutlets granulate, convex and carinate on the back; calyx lobes linear; corolla orange, tube at least twice the length of the calyx lobes. Contra Costa. Spring. (156) 6. A. LYCOPSOIDES Lehm. Nutlets reticu- late, rugose; calyx lobes lanceolate. Common. Spring. 2, Krynitzkia Fisch. & Mey. (Eritrichiam Schrad). Nutlets ventrally attached to the conical or columnar disc from near their base. 1. K. MURICULATA Gray. Nutlets attached to the disc from the base nearly up to the apex; calyx in fruit somewhat longer than the nutlets, its sepals lanceolate, armed with pungent bris- tles; mid-rib of sepals of usual shape; nutlets muricate ; corolla white. . Common. Spring. 2. K. AMBIGUA Gray. Nutlets attached to the disc from the base up to nearly the apex; calyx in fruit considerably longer than the nut- lets, its sepals narrow, armed with pungent bristles; mid-rib of sepals prominent; nutlets scabrous; corolla white. 0. Common. Spring. 3. K. TOEBEYANA Gray. Nutlets attached to the pyramidal disc only up to their middle; nutlets smooth, all four maturing ; corolla white. 0. Saucelito. Spring. 4. K. LEIOCARPA Fisch. & Mey. Nutlets at- tached to the subulate disc nearly their whole length, smooth, all four maturing; corolla white. . Saucelito. Spring. (157) 5. K. OXYCARYA Gray, Nutlets attached only by their lower third to the conical gyno base; only one of the four maturing; corolla white.--. Marin County. Spring. 6. K. CHOBISIANA DO. Nutlets attached to the disc only by their base; corolla nearly ro- tate; scales near the throat conspicuous, puber- ulent; corolla white. 0. Wet ground, San Francisco. Spring. 7. K. CALIFOBNICA DC. Nutlets attached to the disc only by their base; corolla incon- spicuous; scales near the throat not puberu- lent; corolla white. 0. Wet grounds. Com- mon. Spring. 3. Plagiobothrys Fisch. & Mey. ( Eritrichium Schrad ) . Nutlets attached near the middle of their ventral face to the conical disc. 1. P. NOTHOFULVUS Gray. Calyx cleft only to its middle; corolla white. 0. Common. Spring. 2. P. CANESCENS Benth. Calyx cleft nearly to the base; corolla white. 0. Livermore. Spring. 4, Pectocarya DC. Corolla funnel-shaped; throat closed. Style central, very short. Fruit four nutlets, mar- ginate and in pairs, 0. Flowers axillary, sessile, white. (158) 1. P. PENICILLATA A. DC. Marin County. Spring. 5, Cynoglossum L- HOUND'S-TOXGUB. Corolla funnel-shaped. Throat closed by five scales. Ovary 4-lobed. Style central. Fruit 4, depressed, echinate nutlets. It- In- florescence paniculate, ebracteate, circinate. 1. C. GRANDE Dougl. Corolla blue. Com- mon in woods. Spring. 6, Heliotropium L HELIOTROPE. Corolla salver-shaped. Limb 5-lobed; sin- uses plicate. Ovary 4-celled. Cells 1-seeded. Style terminal, short. Stigma peltate. Fruit a 4-pyrenous drupe. Inflorescence circinate. 1. H. CUBASSAVICUM L. Corolla pale. 7 . Seashore. Summer. Family 3, HYDROPHYLLE^E. Ovary incompletely 2-celled. Style 2-cleft or 2 styles. Fruit a capsule. 1. Efiodictyon Benth. YEKBA SANTA. Corolla campanulate. Ovary 2-celled; cells oo-ovulate: styles 2; stigmas clavate. Fruit a capsule, 2-celled, few-seeded, at first loculi- cidal, at last septicidal. *? . Inflorescence circinate, arranged in a panicle. Flowers blue or white. (159) 1. E. GLUTINOSUM Benth. Corolla pale or bluish. Chaparral and chemisal. Summer. An exceedingly variable species. The res- inous exudation of the ;young branches and leaves has a bitter, somewhat aromatic taste. The plant is called " Yerba Santa.'' It acts as a mild diuretic, and was used as such by the old inhabitants of California. At present consid- erable quantities are exported, partly for me- dicinal purposes, ^partly as a harmless and agreeable substitute for hops in brewing cer- tain varieties of beer, especially porter. 2. Komanzoffia Cham. Corolla salver-shaped. Style entire. Stigma capitate. Ovary incompletely 2-celled, oo-ovu- late. Capsule ovate, loculicidal. Seeds cc, very small. 2. Inflorescence loosely circin- ate. 1. R. SITCHENSIS Bongard. Corolla pale. Sunnyside. Paper Mill Creek. Spring. 3. Emmenanthe Benth. Calyx 5-parted. Sinuses naked; lobes equal. Corolla campanulate, persistent. Ovary incom- pletely 2-celled, oo-ovulate. Stigma 2-cleft. . Inflorescence circinate. Flowers yellow. 1. E. PENDULIFLORA Benth. Corolla cream- colored. Livermore. Summer. (160) 4. Phacelia Juss. Calyx 5-parted, Sinuses naked. Lobes equal. Corolla campanulate, deciduous. Ovary incompletely 2-celled or 1-celled, with two pa- rietal placentae. Number of ovules variable. Stigma 2-cleft. Capsule incompletely 2-celled or 1-celled, loculicidal. Inflorescence circi- nate, cymose. 1. P. CIRCINATA Jacq. Ovary contains four ovules, inflorescence thyrsoid, circinate, with very short pedicels; leaves entire, the lower- most tapering into a petiole with one or two pairs of leaflets; corolla blue or white. It. Common. Summer. 2. P. MALV2EFOLIA Cham. Ovary contains four ovules ; circinate spikes solitary or gemi- nate, not collected into a thyrsoid inflores- cence; all leaves petiolate, cordate, lobed, den- tate; corolla pale. -0. San Francisco. Sum- mer. Leaves sting somewhat like nettles. 3. P. HISPIDA Gray. Ovary contains four ovules; inflorescence thyrsoid, circinate; flow- ers with short pedicels; sepals very narrow, much longer than the capsule; leaves about 5- parted; corolla red. 0. Livermore. Spring. 4. P. DISTANS Benth. Ovary contains four ovules; inflorescence thyrsoid, circinate; flow- ers sessile; sepals unequal and much longer than the capsule; leaves finely and decom- (161) poundly dissected; stamens scarcely exserted; corolla whitish, ochroleucous or violet. 0. Alameda. Marin County. Summer. 5. P. TANACETIFOLIA Benth. Ovary con- taining four ovules; inflorescence thyrsoid, cir- cinate; flowers with very short pedicels: sepals but little longer than the capsule; leaves finely and decoinpoundly dissected; stamens much ex- serted; corolla bluish. . Strawberry Valley. Contra Costa. Summer. 6. P. CILIATA Benth. Ovary containing four ovules; inflorescence cymose, circinate; the circinna rather short; sepals in fruit accrescent and transversely veined: leaves pinnately parted, the parfcitionspinnatifid; stamens some- what shorter than the corolla; white or blue. 0. Belmont. Spring. 7. P. DIVAEICATA Gray. Ovary containing more than four ovules; inflorescence in ra- cemes; pedicels short; leaves ovate, entire; co- rolla blue. 0. Tiburon. Spring; 5, Ellisia L. Calyx 5-parted, sinuses naked. Corolla campanulate, stamens included. Ovary 1- celled with two parietal placentae. Stigma 2- cleft. Capsule membranaceous, loculicidal, the placentae separating from the capsular valves, simulating a second internal capsule. 0. Flowers pale. (162) 1. E. CHRYSANTHEMIFOLIA Benth. Corolla whitish. Oakland hills. Spring. 6, Nemophila Nutt. Calyx with reflexed, appendiculate sinuses. Corolla campanulate. Ovary 1-celled, with two parietal placentae. Stigma 2-cleft. Capsule membranaceous, loculicidal, the placentae separating from the capsular valves, simulating a second internal capsule. . 1. N. INSIGNIS Dougl. Ovary containing more than four ovules; scales on the base of corolla rounded and partly free; corolla blue. Common. Spring. 2. N. MENZIESII Hook. & Arn. Ovary con- taining more than four ovules; scales at the base of corolla narrow and wholly aduate; co- rolla blue or white, more or less marked by dots. Common. Spring. 3. N. AUBITA Lindl. Ovary containing but four ovules ; scales on the base of corolla in pairs, broad and partly free; corolla violet. San Mateo. Spring, 4. N. PARVIFLORA Dougl. Ovary contains but 4 ovules; scales on the base of corolla oblong, wholly adnate by one edge; corolla light blue or white. Common in shady places. Spring. Family 4, POLEMONIACE^i, ^Estivation imbricate. Ovary 3-celled. Style 3-cleft. Embryo straight. Cotyledons folia- ceous. (163) 1, Polemonium Tourn. JACOB'S-LADDEB. Corolla rotate. Stamens ascending. Fila- ments dilated at their base. Seeds oo. 1. P. CAENEUM Gray. Corolla blue. 2f . Point Bonita, near the lighthouse. Summer. 2, Gillia Ruiz & Pavou. Corolla funnel or salver-shaped. Stamens straight, equally inserted. 1. G. PUSILLA Benth. Leaves opposite, uppermost sometimes alternate, palmately di- vided; divisions filiform; corolla short, funnel- shaped; pedicels capillary; corolla purplish, with yellowish throat, sometimes pale. 0. Marin County. Spring. 2. G. DICHOTOMA Benfch. Leaves all oppo- site; corolla salver-shaped, its tube shorter than the calyx; flowers almost sessile, but not capitate; corolla white. . Livermore. Spring. 4. G. DENSIFLORA Benth. Leaves opposite, palmately parted, fascicled in the axils; corolla salver-shaped, its tube about the length of the obovate lobes; flowers in glomerules; bracts herbaceous; corolla red or white. 0, Alame- da. San Kafael. Spring. 4. G. ANDEOSCAEA Steud. Leaves opposite, palmately parted; corolla salver-shaped, its tube more than twice the length of the lobes; (164) flowers in glomerules; bracts herbaceous, hir- sute, much shorter than the corolla tube; co- rolla red or white, with yellowish throat. 0. Common. Spring. 5. G. MICRANTHA Steud. Leaves opposite, palmately parted; corolla salver - shaped, its tube more than four times the length of the lobes; flowers in glomerules; bracts herbaceous, pubescent, shorter than the flower-tube; co- rolla red, white, lilac or yellow. 0. 6. G. -TENELIA Benth. Leaves opposite, palmately parted; corolla salver- shaped, its tube more than four times the length of the corolla lobes; flowers in glomerules; bracts herbaceous, hispidulous, shorter than the co- rolla tube; corolla purple or pink, with yellow throat. 0. Common. Spring. 7. G. CILIATA Benth. Leaves opposite, pal- mately parted; corolla salver-shaped, its tube more than four times the length of the lobes; flowers in glomerules; bracts very hirsute, about the length of the corolla tube; calyx lobes acerose; corolla rose, violet or pale. 0. Marin County. Spring. 8. G. SQUAEEOSA Hook. & Arn. Leaves alternate, pinnately parted, partitions parted or incised; corolla funnel-shaped; flowers in glo- merules, densely bracteate; bracts rigid, pun- gent; stamens included in the tube of the co- rolla; corolla blue. 0. Common. Summer, (165) The disagreeable smell of this plant is the cause of its California name, " Skunkweed." 9. G. COTUL^BFOLIA Steud. Leaves alternate, 2-pinnately parted; corolla funnel-shaped; flow- ers in glomerules, densely bracteate; bracts spinescent; stamens exserted; ovules no more than two in each cell; corolla bluish or pale. 0. Common. Summer. Smell somewhat like Chamomile. 10. G. INTERTEXTA Steud. Leaves alternate, pinnately parted, partitions but little, if at all, divided; flowers in glomerules, densely brac- teate; bracts with very villous base; corolla funnel-shaped, not exceeding the calyx lobes; stamens exserted; ovules more than two in each cell; corolla small and white. 0. Com- mon. Summer. 11. G. LEUCOCEPHALA Gray. Leaves alter- nate, pinnately parted, soft; partitions slender and frequently entire; flowers in glomerules; bracts barely pungent; corolla funnel-shaped, exceeding the calyx-lobes; stamens consider- ably exserted: ovules two in each cell; corolla white. 0. Common. Summer. 12. G. VISCIDULA Gray. Leaves alternate, pinnately parted; partitions entire, subulate: flowers in glomerules; bracts dilated at their base; corolla funnel-shaped, about twice the length of the spinescent calyx-lobes; plant (166) viscid, pubescent; corolla violet. 0. Tamal- pais. Summer. 13. G. DENSI FOLIA Benth. Leaves alternate, pinnatelylaciniate, lobes spinulose; corolla sal- ver-shaped; stamens exserted; flowers in glo- merules; bracts foliaceous; stems leafy to their tops; corolla blue. It- Livermore. Sum- mer. 14. G. VIRGATA Steud. Leaves alternate, filiform, simple or 3-parted, the partitions fili- form; corolla salver-shaped; stamens exserted; flowers in glomerules; bracts foliaceous; stems with but few leaves; virgate; corolla blue. 0. Livermore. Summer. 15. G. CAPITATA Dougl. Leaves alternate, 2-3-pinnately divided into slender lobes; co- rolla funnel-shaped, its throat being very slightly dilated; flowers crowded but not ses- sile, the cluster itself on a long stalk; bracts inconspicuous; calyx glabrous; stamens in- serted into the sinuses of the light blue corolla. . Marin County. Summer. 16. G. ACHILLE^FOLIA Benth. Leaves alter- nate, 2-3-pinnately divided into slender lobes; corolla somewhat funnel-shaped, but its throat abruptly and amply dilated; flowers in clusters but not sessile; bracts inconspicuous; calyx woolly; corolla blue. 0. Sand hills. San Francisco. Summer. (167) 17. G. MULTICAULIS Benth. Leaves alter- nate, 2-pinnately parted into linear lobes; co- rolla funnel-shaped, its tube shorter than the calyx and about the length of the ovate corolla lobes; flowers in clusters, pedicels in fruit about equaling the calyx; bracts inconspicu- ous; corolla violet. 0. Oakland hills. Sum- mer. 18. G. TRICOLOR Benth. Leaves alternate, 2-pinnately parted into linear lobes; corolla much longer than the calyx with very short tube, but ample, funnel-shaped throat; lobes of the corolla longer that the stamens; flowers in short peduncled clusters; pedicels very short; bracts inconspicuous; tube of the corolla yellowish, throat marked with purple; lobes violet. 0. Livermore. Summer. 19. G. INCONSPICUA Dougl. Leaves alter- nate, pinnatifid; lobes short, mucronate; co- rolla narrowly funnel-shaped, about the length of the calyx; bracts inconspicuous; corolla vio- let. 0. Common. Summer. 3, Collomia Nutt. Corolla salver-shaped, with long tube. Sta- mens unequally inserted. 1. C. GRACILIS Dougl. All leaves sessile, entire; corolla violet; the tube yellowish. 0. Tamalpais, Spring. (168) The seeds when moistened develop a muci- lage, which in Mexico is called "Chia" and used in the preparation of a cooling drink. 2. C. GILIOIDES Benth. Lower leaves petio- late and most of them pinnately incised; calyx rounded at base; corolla pink. 0. Tamal- pais. Spring. 3. C. HETEROPHYLLA Hook. Lower leaves petiolate, 2-pinnatifid; calyx acute at its base; corolla pink. 0. Lagunitas Creek. Spring. Family 5. CONVOLVULACE.E. Estivation contorted. Ovary 2-3 or 4-celled. Embryo curved. Cotyledons foliaceous, con- duplicate, corrugate. 1. Dichondra Forst. Ovary divided into two carpidia, each 2-ovu- late. Creeping herb. Flowers inconspicuous. 1. D. REPENS Forst. Flowers pale. 1C. Telegraph hill. Spring. 2, Convolvulus L. BlND-WEED. MORNING-GLOBY. Calyx 5-cleft, persistent. Corrolla funnel- form, 5-angulate, 5-plicate. Cells of the cap- sule 2-ovulate. 2f . 1. C. SOLDANELLA L. Margin of corolla en- tire; stigmas ovate, thickish; corolla pink. Seashore. Summer. (169) 2. 0. CALIFORNICUS Clioisy. Margin of co- rolla entire; stigmas linear-oblong, flat; bracts at the base of the calyx; corolla white or red- dish. Berkeley. Summer. 3. 0. LUTEOLUS Gray. Margin of corolla entire; stigmas linear, flat; bracts distant from the calyx; corolla pale-yellow, sometimes red- dish. Common. Summer. 4. 0. ARVENSIS L. Margin of corolla en- tire ; stigmas filiform ; bracts at the base of the pedicel and minute; corolla white, sometimes tinged with rose. Common. Summer. 5. C. PENTAPETALOIDES L. Corolla deeply 5-cleft, purplish. 0. Not common. Contra Costa. Summer. 3, Cressa L, Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-parted, not plicate. Styles 2. Cells of the ovary 2-ovulate. Fruit a 1-seeded capsule. !.* 1. C. CRETICA L. jDorolla white, silky out- side. Seashore. Si*mmer. 4, GuSGUta Tourn. DODDER. Aphyllous. Destitute of chlorophyll. Co- rolla urceolate. Limb 4-5-lobed. Ovary 2- celled; cells 2-ovulate. Capsule indehiscent, sometimes circumscissile. Embryo spiral. Cotyledons 0. 8 (170) 1. C. SALINA Engelm. Calyx lobes as long as the tube of the white corolla. Common. Summer. Parasite of Salicornia and other salt- marsh herbs. 2. C. SUBINCLUSA Durand & Hilgard. Calyx lobes much shorter than the tube of corolla; corolla white, calyx usually reddish. Parasites on Ceanotlius and other shrubs. Not common. Summer. Section II. ISOCARPKLE (Number of carpidia corresponding to number of floral parts). Order 1. PEIMULALES. Stamens opposite to the lobes of corolla. Ovary 1-celled. Placenta central. Family 1, LENTIBULARLE, Diandrous. Corolla irregular, spurred. 1, Utricularia L. BLADDERWORT. 1. U. VULGARIS L. Corolla yellow. Aqua- tic. Olema. Summer. Family 2, PLUMBAGINE^E. All parts in fives except the ovule, which is single. 1, Armeria Willd. THRIFT. Flowers in an involucrate head. Corolla 5- parted or five distinct petals. Styles 5. 2. 1. A. VULOARIS Willd. Corolla rose-color. Common. Spring. (171) 2. Statice L. SEA-LAVENDER. Flowers bracteate in one-sided spikes. 2. 1. S. LIMONIUM L. Corolla violet. Salt marshes. Summer. Family 3, PRJMULACEJE, Pentandrous. Placenta central, oc-ovulate. 1. Dodecatheon L- SHOOTING STAB. Flowers umbellate. Filaments shorter than the anthers, connivent in a cone. Acaulescent. Flowers purple, pink or white. 2 . 2. D. MEADIA L. Common. Spring. 2, Androsace Tourn. Flowers umbellate. Filaments shorter than the anthers, included in the salver-shaped corolla. 1. A. OCCIDENT ALIS Pursh. Flowers white. . Contra Costa Range. Santa Cruz mount- ains. Spring. 3. GlaUX L- MlLKWOET. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, colored. Corolla 0. Stamens 5, alternate with the lobes of the calyx. Capsule 5-valved, few-seeded. 1C- Leaves decuscate; flowers white. 1. G. MARITIMA L. Salt marshes. Summer. 4. Trientalis L. STAR-FLOWER. Flowers several , terminal. Floral parts 5 to 7. Capsule few-seeded, longitudinally dehi- scent. U- (at). 1. LATIFOLIA Torrey. Corolla pink or pale. Shady woods. Spring. 5, Anagallis Tourn. PIMPERNEL. Flowers axillary. Lobes of the corolla broad. Capsule transversely dehiscent. Leaves oppo- site. 1. ARVENSIS L. Corolla red, sometimes pale, purple or blue. 0. Common all the year round. An infusion of this herb was used by the old Californians for headache. 6. Samolus Tonrn. BROOKWEED. Calyx half-superior. Corolla campanulate. Stamens 10; the five fertile opposite to the lobes of the corolla; the five sterile, alternate. Cap- sule 5-valved, co-seeded. Leaves alternate; flowers white . If. . 1. L. VALERANDI L. Bare. Formerly in a marsh near San Francisco; at present found occasionally in Marin County. ORDER 2. EEICALES. Stamens alternate with the lobes of corolla or twice as many. Placentae axillary. Family 1. PYROLACE^E, Corolla split into petals. Hypogynous disc 0. Seeds minute. (173) 1. Pyrola Tourn. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-petalous. Sta- mens 10. Style filiform. If. In forest shades. 1. P. APHYLLA Smith. Parasitic without chlorophyll; petals white. Lagunitas Creek. Summer, Family 2, RHODORACEJE. Ovary free. Fruit a capsule, septicidal. 1, Rhododendron L. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens ascending. Cells of anthers dehiscent by an apical pore. Seeds oc, minute. . 1. E. OCCIDENTALE Gray. Corolla white, upper lobes yellow. Point Bonita. Taylor- ville. Sonoma. Summer. (Azalea.) The root of this shrub contains a powerful narcotic. Family 3, ERICACEAE, Gamopetalous. Fruit either baccate or a loculicidal capsule. 1, Gaultheria L- WINTERGREEN. Calyx 5-cleft, petaloid. Corolla urceolate. Stamens 10. Cells of anthers dehiscent by an apical pore. Fruit a spurious berry, i. e.,a capsule, 5-celled, oo-seeded, enclosed by the enlarged and fleshy calyx. Leaves evergreen. Flowers white, rosy. *? . (174) 1. G. SHALLON Pursh. Berry red, at last black. Edible. Saucelito. Tainalpais. 2. ArctOStaphylos Adaus. MANZANITA. Corolla urceolate. Stamens 10. Disc hypogy- nous. Cells of ovary 1-ovulate. Fruit a berry. Cells 1-seeded; seeds sometimes coherent by their covering. Leaves evergreen. Flowers white, rosy. \ . Fruit edible. 1. A. PUNGENS HBK. Almost glabrous; leaves entire, coriaceous, mucronate; petioles slender; pedicels glabrous; drupe glabrous; corolla white. *> . Common. Spring. 2. A. TOMENTOSA Dougl. Young branchlets tomentose, old ones bristly; leaves almost en- tire, coriaceous, petioled; ovary hirsute; drupe puberulent, but becoming glabrous at last; co- rolla white. Hillsides. Spring. 3. A. ANDERSONII Gray. Branchlets puber- ulent and bristly; leaves generally conspicu- ously serrulate, thin, almost sessile; drupes de- pressed, densely covered with viscous bristles. Livermore. Spring. 3. Arbutus Tourn. MADRONA. Corolla urceolate. Stamens 10. Disc hy- pogynous. Cells of ovary oo-ovulate. Fruit a berry. Cells several-seeded. Leaves ever- green. Flowers white. ^ . (175) 1. A. MENZIESII Pursh. Common. Spring. Fruit edible. Family 4, VACCINIE^, Ovary inferior. 1, Vaccinium L HUCKLEBERRY. Anther cells separate, elongated at the apex into a tube. Fruit a berry, co-seeded, crowned by the persistent calyx. 1. V. OVATUM Pursh. Corolla pink. ^. Redwoods. Spring. Sub-Series 2. POLYPETAL^E. Section 1. DISCOPHOR^E. Ovary inferior and crowned by a well developed disc. OBDEE 1. UMBELLALES. Cells of ovary 1-ovulate. Stamens alternate. Family 1. UMBELHFEILE. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2. Fruit a schizocarp. (Cremocarp.) 1, Caucalis L. Umbels regularly compound. Secondary ribs of the cremocarp more prominent than the primary. Margins of the endosperm inflexed 0. Flowers white. 1. C. NODOSA Hudson. Decumbent; umbels naked. Marin County. Livermore. Spring. (176) 2. C. MICBOCABPA Hook. & Am. Erect; umbels involucrate. Common. Spring. The chewing of this herb, called by the Spanish "Yerba de vibora," or an infusion of it, is recommended by them as an antidote against the bite of the rattlesnake. 2. Daucus Tourn. CARROT. Umbels regularly compound. Secondary ribs of the cremocarp more prominent than the primary. Intervals 1-vittate. Face of the endosperm flat. 1. D. PUSILLUS Michx. Flowers white. 0. Common. Spring. 3, Ferula Tourn. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp dorsally compressed. Marginal ribs winged. Wings coherent. Dorsal ribs filiform. Vit- tse oo. Flowers yellow. 1[. 1. F. CALIFORNIA Gray. Sunnyside. Sum- mer. 4. Heracleum k COW-PARSNIP. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp dorsally compressed. Marginal ribs winged. Wings coherent. Vittae shorter than the mer- icarp. 2. Flowers white. 1. H. LANATUM Michx. Common. Sum- mer. Herb of suspicious qualities. (177) 5. Peucedanum L. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp dorsally compressed. Marginal ribs winged. Wings coherent. Vittas as long as the meri- carp. If. 1. P. DASYCAKPUM Torr. & Gray. Leaves much dissected; cremocarp tomentose; flowers white. Common. Summer. Smell of entire plant like celery. 2. P. UTRiouLATUM Nutt. Leaves much dis- sected; cremocarp glabrous, distinctly ribbed; flowers yellow. Common. Summer. 3. P. CARUIFOLIUM Torr & Gray. Leaves much dissected; cremocarp glabrous; dorsal ribs ob- solete, only the marginal ones developed; flow- ers yellow. Common. Summer. 4. P. TRITERNATUM Nutt. Leaves 2-ternate to 3-quinate; umbellules involucellate; flowers yellow. Contra Costa. Summer. 5. P. LEIOCARPUM Nutt. Leaves 2-ternate to 3-quinate; umbellules naked; flowers yel- low. Livermore. Summer. The roots of several species of Peucedanum have been used as food, but as those used in this way are not sufficiently identified it is safer to abstain from using them till the differ- ent species have been subjected to an exami- nation, not merely in regard to their botanical SA (178) characters, but also in regard to their effects on the human organism. 6, Angelica L- Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp dorsally compressed. Marginal ribs winged. Wings distinct; intervals 1-vittate. Flowers white. 2. 1. A. TOMENTOSA Watson. Common. Sum- mer. Properties like those of the officinal Angelica ArcJiangelica. 7, Selinum L. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp dorsally compressed, 4-winged by very distinct marginal ribs, and only coherent by a carinate commissure. 1C. Flowers white. 1. S. PACIFICUM Watson. Saucelito. Sum- mer. 8. Ligusticum L. LOVAGE. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp dorsally compressed, 4-winged by the very dis- tinct lateral ribs. Mericarps coherent by a convex commissure. It. 1. L. APIIFOLIUM Benth. & Hook. Flowers white. Tamalpais. Summer. 9, (Enanthe L. FOOL'S PARSLEY. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp terete, ovate. Ribs obtuse. Intervals 1-vit- tate. Aquatic. Flowers white. 2. (179) 1. (E. CALIFOENICA Watson. Common. Aquatic. Summer. The European congeners of this plant, (E.fis- tulosa and (E. crocata, are undoubtedly pois- onous. Our species is eagerly eaten by cattle, a fact that becomes very evident in a swamp near the Presidio, where it grows in company with Cieuta Californica, the latter not being- touched by the animals when (Enanthe is eaten up to the roots. It would be desirable to in- vestigate the properties of the species. 10. Osmorrhiza Raf. SWEET CICELY. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp terete, elongate, angulate, sulcate, hispid. Vitt?e 0. Flowers white. 7J. . 1. O. BRACHYPODA Torr. Involucral bracts linear and acuminate, equaling the flowers. Saucelito. Summer. 2. O. NUDA Torr. Involucre and involucels small and caducous. Common. Summer. 11, Slum L- WATER-PARSNIP. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp laterally compressed, oblong. Mericarp dor- sally convex, plain on the face, 5-ribbed. Kibs filiform. Intervals more than 1-vittate. Flowers white. 1C. 1. S. CICUT^EFOLIUM Gmelin. Aquatic. Baden Station. Summer. Probably poison- ous. (180) 12, Gicuta L- WATER-HEMLOCK. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp laterally contracted. Ribs flattened, intervals 1-vittate. Mericarp terete. Aquatic. Flowers white. 2|:. 1. C. CALIFOKNICA Gray. Leaves pinnate, the lower sometimes 2-pinnate at base; leaflets serrate, the veinlets lunning into the teeth. Presidio. Summer. 2. C. BOLANDERI Watson. All leaves 2-pin- nate; leaflets serrate, the veinlets running into the sinuses; involucral bracts linear. Suisun. Alvarado marshes. Summer. 3. C. MACULATA L. Lower leaves 2-pinnate; leaflets serrate, the veinlets running into the sinuses; involucre obsolete. Tamalpais. Sum- mer. Poisonous aquatics. 13. Berula Koch. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp laterally contracted, ovate. Mericarp terete, 5-ribbed, lateral ribs not contiguous. Epi- carp thick, corky. Ribs filiform. Intervals oo-vittate. 1. B. ANGUSTIFOLIA Koch. If. Flowers white. Baden Station. Summer. 14. Pimpinella L. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp laterally contracted, ovate. Mericarp convex, ( 181 ) dorsally, plain on the ventral side. 5-ribbed. Eibs filiform. Lateral ribs contiguous. Inter- vals oo-vittate. It. 1. P. APIODORA Gray. Flowers pale. Contra Costa. Belmont, San Mateo. Summer. Odor pleasant, like celery. An infusion of the root is used in cases of chronic catarrh, like the tincture of its European congener. P. Saxifraga. 15. Carum L- CARAWAY. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp laterally compressed, oblong. Mericarp equally 5-ribbed. Kibs filiform. Lateral ribs contig- uous. Commissure plain. Intervals 1-vittate. Flowers white. 00. 1. C. KELLOGGII Gray. -Presidio. Alameda. Sunny side. Summer. Seeds very fragrant. 16, Apiastrum Nutt. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp very much contracted at the commissure, cor- date. Mericarp incurved at base and apex, 5-ribbed; ribs little elevated. Intervals 1- vittate. Flowers white. 0. 1. A. ANGUSTiFOLiUMNutt. Niles. Spring. 17. Conium L - HEMLOCK. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp laterally compressed. Endosperm deeply sul- (182) iate on the ventral side. Mericarp 5-ribbed; ribs undulate, crenate. Vittse 0. Flowers white. . 1. C. MACULATUM L. San Mateo. Sunny- side. Summer. A well known medicinal and poisonous herb. 18, Deweya Ton. & Gray. Umbels regularly compound. Cremocarp laterally compressed. Mericarp reniforni in transverse section, 5-ribbed. Intervals more than 1-vittate. Flowers yellow. It- 1. D. HARTWEGI Gray. Ribs of mericarp prominent. Oakland hills. Wild-Cat Creek- Strawberry Valley. Spring. 2. D. KELLOGGII Gray. Eibs of mericarp filiform. Tamalpais. Spring. 19, Sanicula Tourn. SANICLB. Umbels not regularly compound. Lobes of calyx limb foliaceous. Flowers polygamous. Cremocarp subglobose, aculeate. Eibs 0. Vit- tse oo. !(!. 1. S. TUBEROSA Torr. Leaves 2-3-pinnate; flowers yellow. Tiburon. Spring. 2. S. BIPINNATIFIDA Dougl. Ripe crernocarp sessile; leaves long petiolate, triangular in out- line, pinnately 3-5-lobed; segments distant, incisely lobed and decurrent on their rachis; flowers purple, in some localities yellow. Common. Spring. (183) 3. S. LACINIATA Hook. & Arn. Ripe crem- ocarp sessile; leaves triangular in outline, 3- parted, the partitions pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid. flowers yellow. Tamalpais. Spring, 4. S. MENZIESII Hook. & Arn. Ripe crem- ocarp pedicillate; leaves deeply 3-5-lobed; the lobes broad, dentate; flowers yellow. Com- mon. Spring. 5. S. ARCTOPOIDES Hook. & Arn. Eipe cremocarp pedicillate; leaves deeply 3-lobed, the lobes laciniately cleft; flowers yellow. Common. Spring. 6. S- MARITIMA Kellogg. Lower leaves en- tire, or slightly 3-lobed; upper leaves pal- mately parted, partitions cuneate and some- what lobed; flowers greenish. Alameda marshes. Summer. 22. Eryngium Tourn. ERYNGO. Umbels not regularly compound. Lobes of tho calyx-limb rigid. Cremocarp tuberculate. Ribs 0. Vittae 0. Spinose plants. 1. E. PETIOLATUM Hook. Flowers bluish. 0. Marshes. Summer. 21, Bowlesia Ruiz & Pavon. Umbels simple. Cremocarp ovate, much contracted on the commissure, plane on the dorsal sides of the mericarps. Ribs 0. vitta3 0. Leaves opposite. (184) 1. B. LOBATA Euiz & Pavon. Flowers white. 0. Golden Gate Park. San Mateo. Spring. 22. Hydrocotyle Tourn. WATER PENNYWORT. Umbels simple. Oremocarp laterally com- pressed, carinate. Bibs filiform. Vittae 0. Aquatic. If. 1. H. PROLIFEKA Kellogg. Leaves peltate, emarginate at base, crenate. Flowers green- ish. San Francisco. Summer. 2. H. BANUNCULOIDES L. Leaves orbicu- lar, not peltate, lobate; lobes crenate; flowers greenish. San Francisco. Summer. Family 2, ARALIACE^, Fruit a berry or drupe. Leaves alternate. 1, Panax L- (Fatsia Bentb. & Hook). Polygamous. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2. Fruit a 2-celled berry. 1. P. HOKBIDUM Benth. & Hook. Flowers greenish. . Tamalpais. Summer. 2. Aralia L. SPIKENARD. Ovary 5-celled. Styles 5. Fruit a drupe, with five pyrenae. 1. A. CALIFORNICA Watson. Flowers green- ish; berry dark purple or black. If. Shady gulches. Summer. (185) Family 3, CORNACE.E. Stamens 4. Leaves opposite. 1, Cornus L. CORNEL. DOGWOOD. Flowers , Petals 4. Ovary 2-celled. Style 1. Fruit a drupe, with two pyrense. ^ . 1. C. NUTTALLII Audubon. Flowers in a dense glomerule, supported by a conspicuous petaloid involucre ; flowers greenish; fruit red. Formerly in the vicinity of San Fran- cisco, where it is now extinct. Still to be found on Bolinas Heights. Common in the Sierra. 2. C. CALIFORNICA C. A. Meyer. Flowers in a cyme, not involucrate white ; fruit white, sometimes blue. Crystal Springs. Marin County. Summer. 2. Garrya Dougl. TASSEL TREE. Dioecious. Flowers amentaceous, ternate between decussate bracts. Petals 0. Ovary 1-celled ; styles two, persistent. Ovules two. Fruit a berry. . 1. G. ELLIPTICA Dougl. Leaves sessile, un- dulate; fruit purple. Shady ravines around the bay. Spring. 2. G. FREMONTII Torr. Leaves petiolate, not undulate; fruit purple. Wright's Station. Santa Cruz moan tains. Spring. " Quinine (186) tree" of the settlers. All parts intensely bit- ter; even the berries, which in G. elliptica are sweet and edible, although the bark and leaves partake of the bitterness of the other species. ORDER 2. COENICULAT^E. Calyx gamo- sepalous; stamens equaling or double the num- ber of the petals: always correspondent. Ovar- ies compound of several carpidia, each carpid- ion oo-ovulate. Family 1. SAXIFRAGACE^E. Number of carpidia less than that of the petals. Fruit a capsule. 1, Saxifraga L. SAXIFRAGE. Stamens 10. Pistils two. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. 24!. 1. S. VIRGINIANA Michx. Petals white. Lagunitas Creek. Sunnyside. Spring. 2, Boykinia Nutt. Stamens five. Pistils two. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a 2-celled capsule. 2. 1. B. OCCIDENTALIS Torr. & Gray. Petals white. Lagunitas Creek. Summer. 3, Tellima R- Brown. Stamens 10. Pistils 2-3. Petals lobed. Ovary 1-celled; styles short; stigmas capitate. Capsule valvularly dehiscent near the apex. (187) 1. T. GRANDIFLORA R. Br. Petals laciniate- ly pinnatifid, purple. Saucelito. Tamalpais. San Miguel. Spring. 2. T. BOLANDERI Gray. Petals almost en- tire; styles smooth; calyx almost liypogynous; petals white. Tamalpais. Spring. 3. T. HETEROPHYLLA Hook. & Am. Petals obtusely 3-lobed; styles smooth; calyx almost hypogynous; petals white. Common. Spring. 4. T. AFFINIS Bolander. Petals 3-dentate; styles granulose; calyx perigynous; petals white. San Eafael. Spring. 6, Tiarella L. Stamens 10. Pistils 2. Petals entire. Ovary 1-celled; styles long; stigmas simple. Capsule valvularly dehiscent to the base. Yalves un- equal. Placentae parietal. Flowers white. 24! . 1. T. UNIFOLIATA Hook. Marin County. Spring. 5. Heuchera L. ALUM-KOOT. Stamens 5. Pistils 2. Petals entire. Ovary 1-celled; styles long. Capsule valvularly de- hiscent. Valves equal. If. 1. H. MICRANTHA Dougl. Calyx pointed at the base, shorter than its pedicel. Camp Tay- lor. Summer. (188) 2. H. PILOSISSIMA Fisch. & Mey. Calyx rounded at the base; about the length of its pedicel. Camp Taylor. Tamalpais. Crystal Springs. Summer. Family 2, RIBESIACEJE. Stamens 5. Pistils 2. Fruit a berry. Leaves alternate. 1. Ribes L. GOOSEBERRY. CURRANT. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 2 parietal, oo- ovulate placentae. ^ . 1. K. MENZIESII Pursh. Thorny; vernation plicate; anthers sagittate; calyx tube campanu- late, purple; petals white; berry prickly, yel- lowish. Common. Spring. Fruit scarcely edible. "Prickly Gooseberry." 2. E. DIVARICATUM Dougl. Thorny; verna- tion plicate; anthers not sagittate; calyx tube campanulate, dull colored; petals white; berry not prickly, dark purple. Common. Spring. Fruit edible. 3. E. SANGUINEUM Pursh. Not thorny; ver- nation plicate; calyx tube cylindrical, rose-red; berry glandular, dark. Common. Spring. "Wild Currant." Fruit scarcely edible. 4. E. AUREUM Pursh. Not thorny; verna- tion convolute; flowers yellow. Eare. Straw- 'berry Valley. Wild-Cat Creek. Spring. "Gol- den Currant." (189) Family 3, PHILADELPHE.ZE, Ovary inferior or half inferior. Number of carpidia disposed to correspond with calyx lobes. Fruit a capsule. Leaves opposite. 1. Whipplea Torr. Stamens 5. Pistils 3-5. Ovary 3-5-celled. Cells 1-ovulate. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Flowers white. ^ . 1. W. MODESTA Torr. Eedwoods. Sum- mer. Family 4. CRASSULACEJE, Calyx, corolla and stamens alternating. If the stamens form two circles the inner circle is opposite to the petals. Ovaries opposite the petals. Fruit follicles with central dehiscence. 1. Cotyledon L, (Echeveria DC.) Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, coherent by their claws. Stamens 10. It. Fleshy herb. 1. C. C^SPITOSA Ha worth. Flowers yellow. Rocky places. Summer. 2, Sedum L. STONE CROP. Petals 5, entirely free. Stamens 10. 2f. Fleshy herbs. 1. S. SPATHULIFOLIUM Hook. Leaves glau- cous, obtuse, narrowed toward the base; flow- ers yellow. Bocks near the Presidio. Summer. (190) 2. S. STENOPETALUM Pursh. Leaves acute, lanceolate; flowers yellow. Camp Taylor. Summer. 3, Tillaea L. Stamens as many as petals. 0. Minute vernal aquatics. 1. T. MINIMA Miers. Flowers clustered, white. San Miguel. 2. T. ANGUSTIFOLIA Nutt. Flowers solitary, white. Mission Dolores. Section 2. CENTROSPERMZE. Central placen- tation from the base of the ovary. ORDER 1. FICOIDALES. Anomalous, transitional types. Family 1, FICOIDEJE, Calyx superior. Petals oo. Stamens oo- seriate, inserted with the petals. Ovary 4-20- celled, oo-ovulate. Fruit a capsule, oo-seeded. Stipules 0. 1. Mesembrianthemum L. Fia-MAEYGOLD. Characters of the family. 1. M. ^QUILATERALE Haworth. Flowers red. It. Rocks near the seashore. Summer. Fruit edible. ORDER 2. CARYOPHYLLALES. Flowers regular. Calyx inferior. Sepals as many as (191) petals. Stamens as many or twice as many. Ovary 1-celled, placenta central. Family 1, SILENE.E. Calyx gamosepalous. Petals and stamens inserted into a carpophore. Stamens if equal to the petals alternating with them. Ovary oo- ovulate. Styles several. Fruit a capsule. Leaves opposite. Stipules 0. 1. Silene L. CAMPION. CATCHFLy. Calyx 5-dentate without scales at the base. Petals unguiculate. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Capsule dehiscent by teeth; seeds reniform. 1. S. GALLICA L. Villous; leaves spathu- late; flowers nearly sessile, racemose; petals pale, entire, scarcely exceeding the calyx. 0. Common. Summer. 2. S. ANTIERHINA L, Glabrous; leaves lan- ceolate; flowers in a leafless, dichotomous pan- icle on long pediclels; petals obovate, equaling the calyx. 0. Livermore. Summer. 3. S. CALIFORNICA Durand. Flowers few on the ends of branches; petals deeply parted, with bifid segments; scarlet. 0. Oakland waterworks. Summer. 4. S. LACINIATA Cav. Flowers paniculate; petals deeply 4-cleft, with linear, acute lobes; bright scarlet. 1C. Contra Costa range. Summer. ( 192 ) 5. S. VEBECUNDA Watson. Petals bifid, rose- colored. 2. Cemetery of San Francisco. Summer. Family 2, ALSINE^l. Sepals distinct to the base. Carpophore 0. Stamens, if equaling the petals, alternating with them. Ovary co-ovulate; styles several. Fruit a capsule. Leaves opposite; stipules 0. 1. Cerastium L. MOTJSE-EAE CHICKWEED. Sepals 5. Petals 5, emarginate. Stamens 10. Stigmas 5. Capsule cylindrical, dehis- cent by 10 teeth. Flowers white. 1. C. AEVENSE L. Petals about twice the length of the sepals. 2. Common. All the year round. This weed has, in Europe, the reputation of being poisonous to sheep. 2. C. PILOSUM Ledebour. Petals but little exceeding the sepals. U Punta de los Eeyes. Summer. 2. Stellaria L- CHICKWEED. Petals 2-lobed. Stamens 10. Stigmas 3-5. Capsule globose, dehiscent by 6-10 valves. Flowers white. 1. S. MEDIA L. Flowers on slender pedi- cels. 0. Common. All the year round. Ballast weed, introduced from Europe. (193) 2. S. NITENS Nutt. Flowers on short pedi- cels. 0. Tamalpais. Spring. 3, Arenaria L. SANDWORT. Sepals unchanged in fruit. Petals entire. Stamens 5 or 10. Stigmas 3. Capsule ovoid, dehiscent by 3 valves, these valves sometimes 2-parted. Flowers white. 1. A. DOUGLASH Torr. & Gray. Valves of the capsule entire; leaves filiform; sepals acute, 3-nerved. 0. Tamalpais. Summer. 2. A. CALIFORNICA Brewer. Valves of the capsule entire; leaves lanceolate; sepals acute, 3-nerved. 0. Oakland Hills. Spring. 3. A. PALUSTRIS Watson. Valves of the capsule entire; leaves linear; sepals obtuse, without nerves. Formerly in a marsh near San Francisco, where at present it is extinct. Has not been found in any other locality. 4. A. MACROPHYLLA Hook. Valves of the capsule 2-cleft; sepals acuminate, 1-nerved. 2. Saucelito. Summer. 4. Sagina L- PEARLWORT. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens twice 4 or twice 5. Stigmas 4 or 5, alternate with the sepals. Capsule dehiscent in 4 or 5 valves, opposite to the sepals. . 1. S. OCCIDENTALS Watson. Petals white. San Francisco. Spring. 9 (194) Family 3. PARONYCHIE.2E. Like Alsinea3, but the parts frequently de- fective or reduced in numbers. Leaves with scarious stipules. 1. Spergula L- CORN-SPURREY. Stamens 5 or 10. Ovary oo-ovulate; styles 5, alternate with the sepals. Capsule 5-valved. Valves opposite to the sepals. 0. 1. L. ARVENSIS L. Flowers white. San Francisco. Summer. Ballast weed, introduced from Europe. 1. Spergularia Pers. (Lepigonum Fries). SAND-SPURREY. Ovary co-ovulate; style 3-5-cleft. Capsule 3-5-valved. 1. S. MACROTHECA Fisch. & Meyer. Leaves with large ovate stipules; flowers rose-col- ored. 1. Margins of salt marshes. Sum- mer. 2. S. MEDIA Fries. Leaves with short sti- pules; flowers white. 0. Contra Costa. Spring. 3, Pentacsena Bartl. Divisions of the calyx unequal, persistent in fruit; the three external with cucullate apex, ending in a spine; two internal mucronate. Petals 5, minute. Stamens 3-5. Ovary 1- ovulate; style 2-cleft. Fruit a utricle. 0. ( 195 ) 1. P. RAMOSISSIMA Hook. & Arn. Prostrate; pungent; everlasting. 2. Presidio. Cemetery. Spring. Family 4, PORTULACACE^l, Flowers regular, but parts not correspond- ing in numbers. 1. Portulaca Tourn. PURSLANE. Calyx tube connate with ovary. Limb 2- parted, free and circumscissile. Petals 4-6. Stamens 8 to GO. Capsule circumscissile. 1. P. OLEBACEA L. Fleshy herb; petals yel- low. 0. San Francisco. Spring. Summer. Escaped from cultivation. 2, Calandrinia HBK. Sepals 2, persistent. Petals 5 to GO, equal. Stamens opposite to the petals, variable in number. Ovary oo-ovulate; style 3-cleft. Cap- sule 3-valved, co-seeded. 1. C. MENZIESII Hook. Petals red. 0. Common. Spring. 3. Claytonia L MINER'S LETTUCE. Sepals 2, persistent. Petals 5, equal. Sta- mens 5, opposite to the petals. Ovary 3 or 6- ovulate; style 3-cleft. Capsule 3-valved, 3- seeded. 1. C. SIBIRICA L. Inflorescence in loose, simple racemes. Herbaceous bracts with most (190) of the pedicels; single pair of cauline leaves distinct; leaves thin; petals rose-color. 2[. Saucelito. Spring. 2. C. PERFOLIATA Don. Inflorescence fas- ciculate; bracts few and minute; leaves thick, succulent; single pair of cauline leaves entirely connate; petals white. 0. Common. Spring. The whole plant edible as a salad. 3. C. PARVIFLORA Dougl. Inflorescence be. coming at last racemose;' bracts few and minute ; leaves thick, succulent; single pair of cauline leaves imperfectly connate, sometimes on one side entirely distinct; petals pale rose-color. . Berkeley. Spring. 4. C. SPATHULATA Dough Inflorescence in a loose raceme; bracts few and minute; leaves thick, succulent; single pair of cauline leaves lanceolate but little connate, frequently entirely distinct; petals bright rose-color. 0. Tibu- rori. Tamalpais. Spring. 5. C. CHAMISSONIS Eschsch. Several pairs of cauline leaves; petals white. 0. Tiburon. Spring. 6. C. LINEARIS Dougl. Leaves alternate. Petals white. 0. Guerneville. Spring. 4, Montia L. Sepals 2, persistent. External petals 3; in- ternal petals 2, connate. Stamens 3 or 5. Ovary 3-ovulate ; style 3-cleft. Capsule 3- valved, 3-seeded. Flowers white. 0. (197) 1. M. FONTANAL. Flowers inconspicuous. Sunnyside. Spring. ORDER 3. CHENOPODIALES. Corolla 0, Perigonium inferior. Stamens opposite to the sepals. Ovary 1-celled, centrospermous. Stipules 0. Family 1. AMARANTACE^E. Perigonium without tube, 3-bracteate; an- terior bract longer than the two lateral ones. Style simple. 1, Amarantus L. Polygamous, monoecious. Stamens distinct. Style short; stigmas 2 or 3. Fruit a circurn- scissile utricle. 0. 1. A. RETRO PLEXUS L. Flowers green. Cul- tivated grounds. Summer. Family 2, CHENOPODIACE^. Perigonium without tube, not more than 1- bracteate. 1, Ghenopodium L- PIG WKED. Bracts 0. Perigonium 5-cleft. Lobes dor- sally carinate. Stamens 5. Ovary 1-celled, 1- ovulate; stigmas 2. Fruit a depressed utri- cle enclosed in the persistent perigonium. 1. C. ALBUM L. Leaves smooth, pruinose, rhombic, sinuate; the uppermost lanceolate, (198) entire; flowers densely clustered in dense spikes, forming a strict, close panicle. 0. Cultivated grounds. Summer. Ballast weed, introduced from Europe. 2. C. MUEALE L. Leaves shining, rhombic, dentate; flowers clustered in loose spicate pan- icles. . Cultivated grounds. Summer. Ballast weed, introduced from Europe. 3. C. AMBROSIOIDES L. Leaves lanceolate, dentate; flowers clustered in slender axillary spikes. 0. Cultivated grounds. Summer. Introduced from South America. Possesses anthelminthic properties. 4. C. CALIFORNICUM Watson. Leaves trian- gular, hastate; flowers densely clustered in simple terminal spikes. It- Cultivated grounds. Summer. 2, Atriplex L. ORACHB. Flowers polygamous. $ and $ perigo- niurn 3 or 5-parted. ? perigonium 2-parted. Stigmas 2. Fruit a compressed utricle. 1. A. PATULUM L. Leaves 3-angular, has- tate; lower leaves opposite; bracts large, rhom- bic to hastate. 0. Cultivated grounds. Sum- mer. Ballastweed, introduced from Europe. 2. A. CORONATUM Watson. All leaves alter- nate; bracts orbicular, surrounded by a herba- ceous, dentate margin. 0. Contra Costa. Summer. (199) 3. A. LEUCOPHYLLUM Dietr. All leaves alter- nate; fruiting bracts spongy, rhombic to ovate. 0. On the seashore. Summer. 4. A. CALIFORNICUM Mag. Lower leaves op- posite, sessile; stem and leaves furfuraceous; fruiting bracts meinbranaceous ; rhombic. It. On the seashore. Summer. 3, Salicornia Toum. SAMPHIRE. Flowers in threes, immersed in a rachis, decussately arranged and forming a spike. Perigonium gamophyllous, saccate. Stamens 1 or 2. Fleshy, articulate, aphyllous, saline plants. 1. S. AMBIGUA Michx. 2. Salt marshes. Summer. 4, Suaeda Forsk. SEA ELITE. Flowers axillary, with minute, scale-like bracts. Perigonium urceolate, 5-cleft. Stamens 5. Fruit a utricle, enclosed in the inflexed peri- gonium. Leaves terete, fleshy. 1. S. CALIFORNICA Watson 1C. Salt marshes on an island near Alameda. Summer. Family 3, NYCTAGINE^l, Flowers involucrate. Perigonium gamo- phyllous, corolla-like, its persistent tube en- closing the akene. (200) 1, Abronia Involucre 5-leaved, oo-flowered, persistent. Perigonium salver-shaped. Stamens 5, in- cluded. Stigma clavate. Leaves opposite. 1. A. UMBELLATA Lam. Leaves attenuate into a slender petiole; perigonium rose-col- ored. 2f. Seashore. Summer. 2. A. LATIFOLIA Esch. Petioles distinct, but short; perigonium yellow. 1. Seashore. Summer. Section 3. EUCYCLIC.E. Floral parts distinct in well defined circles. ORDER 1. TBICOCC^E. Flowers diclinous. Ovary superior. Ovules 1-2 collateral, pendu- lous from the summit of cells, which separate at last from a central axis. Family 1, EUPHORBIACE.3E, Cells 1-ovulate. 1. Eremocarpus Benth. Monoecious. Flowers cymose. $ : perigo- nium 5 -parted; stamens 6 or 7, central, inflexed in aestivation. ? : perigonium 0; ovary with 5 glands at the base, 1-celled, 1-ovulate; style simple; capsule 2-valved. 0. 1. E. SETIGER Benth. 0. Mariu County. Niles. Summer. (201) The herb has the smell of strawberries, but is poisonous. The crushed leaves are used by the Indians to catch fish by stupefying them. 2. Hendecandra Each. (Croton L.) Dioecious. 5 : flowers in racemes; peri- goniuin 5-cleft, with 5 glands opposite to the lobes; stamens more than 5. ? flowers: per- igonium, 5-cleft; glands 0; ovary 3 -celled; styles 3, each 4-parted; capsule 3-coccous, each coccus 2-valved. 1. H. PEOCUMBENS Esch. (Croton Calif orni- cus Mull. Arg.) 1. Common in sandy soil. Summer. Drastic poison. 3. Euphorbia L- SPURGE. Monoecious. Androgynous. Flowers um- bellate. Involucre campanulate. 6 : flowers, perigonium 0; inonandrous, stipitate; brac- teate. $ : flower solitary in the center of the umbel; perigonium dentate or 0; ovary 3- celled; styles 3, each 2-cleft. 1. E. OCELLATA Dur. & Hilg. Glands of tke involucre petaloid; leaves all opposite, en- tire. 0. Sonoma. Millbrae. Summer. 2. E. SERPYLLIFOLIA Pers. Glands of the involucre with a narrow, white margin; leaves all opposite; base oblique; apex denticulate. 0. Marin County. Summer. 9A (202) 3. E. LEPTOCEEA Engelm. Glands of the in- volucre crescent-shaped, without colored mar- gin; cauline leaves scattered, those of the branchlets opposite . . Common. Summer. 4. E. LATHYEIS L. Glands of the involucre crescent-shaped, without colored margin; leaves all opposite. 00. Common. Sum- mer. Poisonous plant introduced from Europe and found everywhere. The seeds contain an oil analogous to that of croton. This plant is said to drive away or kill rats, as also the castor-oil plant. Ricinus communis. ORDER 2. MAL VALES. Flowers regular. Calyx free, 5 -parted, valvate in aestivation. Corolla 5-parted, contorted in aestivation. Sta- mens often monadelphous. Carpidia several, free, or connate with the central axis into an oo -celled ovary. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Family 1, MALVACEAE, Claws of petals united with each other, and with the column of oo, monadelphous stamens. Anthers reniform, 1-celled. 1. Lavatera L- TREE MALLOW. Involucre 3-6-cleft. Ovaries oo, verticil- late; 1-ovulate. Style 1, springing from the central axis; stigmas GO. filiform. Fruit a schizocarp; seeds ascending. (203) 1. L. ASSURGENTIFLORA Kellogg. Petals rose-colored. . Near cultivated places. Summer. Native of the island of Anacapa, but having escaped cultivation, now spontaneous in differ- ent localities. 2. Malva L. MALLOW. Involucre 3-leaved. Ovary oo-celled; cells 1-ovulate. Styles as many as cells, united at base; stigmas obtuse. Fruit a depressed cap- sule; seed ascending. 1. M. BOREALIS Wallman. Flowers pale. 0. Cultivated grounds. Summer. Ballast weed from Europe. 3. Sidalcea Gray. Involucre 0. Ovary oo-celled; cells 1-ovu- late. Styles as many as cells, united at base. Fruit 5-10-coccous schizocarp; seed ascend- ing. 1. S. HUMILIS Gray (malvceflora? Gray). Eaceme long and loose; petals rose or purple. 7 . Common. Summer. 2. S. DIPLOSCYPHA Gray. Flowers in um- bellate clusters; pedicels subtended by per- sistent, hispid bractlets; petals rose or purple. . Sufiol. Summer. 3. S. MALACHROIDES Gray. Flowers in close, racemose, nearly spicate clusters; petals small, white. 0. Marin County. Summer. (204) 4, Malvastrum Gray (Sphcerakea St. Hilaire). Ovary oo-celled; cells 2-ovulate. Styles as many as cells, united at base; stigmas capi- tate. Fruit 'a loculicidal capsule, at length also septicidal. 1. M. THUEBEEI Gray, Petals pale. . San Mateo. Niles. Summer. 5, Sida Kunth. Ovary oo-celled; cells 1-ovulate. Styles as many as cells, united at base; stigmas capi- tate. Fruit a oo-seeded capsule. Seeds pen- dulous from the apex. It. 1. S. HEDERACEA Torr. Flowers pale. Common. Summer. Order 3. GERANIALES. Calyx free, im- bricated in aestivation. Petals 5, contorted or convolute in aestivation ; stamens hypogynous; definite. Ovary the compound of a definite number of carpidia. Family 1, GERANIACE-ffi. Sepals 5. Petals 5; hypogynous; alternate with the sepals ; stamens 10. Carpidia 5, verticillate round a columnar axis (gynophore). Styles distinct at base; connate towards their apex. Carpidia 5, 2-ovulate, 1-seeded. vent- rally dehiscent. Leaves stipulate. (205) 1. Geranium L. Stamens monadelphous, all fertile. Styles persistent. 1. G. CAROLINIANUM L. Corolla rose-color. . Common. Summer. 2, Erodium L'Her. STORKSBILL. PIN-CLOVEB* Stamens monadelphous, alternately sterile or depauperate. Styles persistent. 1. E. CICUTARIUM L'Her. Leaves pinnate; leaflets pinnatifid, with narrow acute lobes; flowers rose-colored. 0. Common. Summer. Fodder plant, called Alfilerilla (alfiler, in Span- ish, needle) from the shape of the fruit. If the plant is not indigenous, it must have been in- troduced for a considerable time, or else it would not have a distinct name from the old settlers. 2. E. MOSCHATUM L'Her. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, doubly serrate; stipules conspicu- ous; flowers rose-color. . Cultivated grounds. Summer. Ballast weed, introduced from Europe. 3. E. BOTEYS Bertol. Leaves pinnatifid, lobes dentate, stipules small ; petals pale. 0. Cultivated grounds. Summer. 4. E. MACBOPHYLLUM Hook. & Arn. Leaves reniform, lobed. 0. Niles. Summer. (206) Family 2, OX ALICE .ZE. Sepals 5. Petals hypogynous. Ovary 5 carpidia, opposite the petals, attached to the axis by their central angle, 2-to-oo-ovuled ; ovules vertically arranged, styles 5, persistent. Leaves alternate. 1. OxallS L WOOD-SORREL. Petals 5. Stamens 10, monadelphous, the 5 opposite the petals shorter. Capsule oblong. 1. O. OREGANA Nutt. Peduncles 1 -flowered; petals white or rose-color. 2 . Crystal Springs . Camp Taylor. Spring. 2. O. CORNICULATA L. Peduncles two to sev- eral-flowered; petals yellow. 2. Common. Spring. Family 3, LINEJE. Calyx persistent. Petals hypogynous, un- guiculate. Perfect stamens 5, sometimes 4. Ovary 5, sometimes 4, 3 or 2-celled; cells 2- ovulate. Ovules collateral, more or less sep- arated by a spurious septum. Styles equalling the cells in number. Capsule globose. 1. Linum. FLAX. Sepals 5. Petals 5. 1. L. PERENNE L. Pentagynous; petals blue. 1C- Colma. Millbrae. Summer, (207) 2. L. BREWERI Gray. Trigynous; pedicels short; stipular glands conspicuous; flowers al- most solitary; petals yellow. 0. Contra Cos- ta hills. Summer. 3. L. CONGESTUM Gray. Trigynous ; pedi- cels short; stipular glands very small; sepals pubescent; flowers in terminal fascicles; petals dark-red. 0. Tamalpais. Summer. Kare. 4. L. CALIFORNICUM B e n t h . Trigynous; pedicels short; stipular glands conspicuous; upper flowers cymose, lower flowers solitary; petals rose-colored. 0. San Francisco cem- etery. San Rafael. Summer. 5. L. SPEBGULINUM Gray. Trigynous; ped- icels conspicuous; stipular glands 0; flowers rose-colored or wh ite. . Marin County. Summer. Family 4, LIMNANTHEJE. Calyx persistent, valvate in aestivation. Pe- tals alternating with calyx lobes, inserted in- to a perigynous disc. Stamens twice as many as petals. Carpidia verticillate, free, 1-ovulate; style central on the apex, 5, sometimes 3-cleft. Fruit 5, sometimes 3 akenes. Stipules 0. 1, Limnanthes R. Br. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, cuneiform. Ovaries 5. Fruit 5, rugose akenes. . (208) 1. L. DOUGLASII R. Br. Sepals glabrous; pe- tals white or rose-colored, claws always yellow. Suimyside. Summer. 2. L. ALBA Hartweg. Sepals villous; pe- tals white, claws yellow. Millbrae. Summer. Order 4. TEKEBINTHALES. Flowers regular. Calyx free. Petals 5, imbricate or valvate in aestivation, not contorted, nor truly convolute, inserted into a disc. Stamens 5, or a multiple. Ovary 1-5 carpidia, syncarpous or apocarpous; carpidia 1-2-ovulate. Family!, RUTACEJE. Stamens inserted on the external margin of the disc. Carpidia more than 1-ovulate. Sti- pules 0. 1. Ptelea L- HOP-TREE. Polygamous. C aly x 4-5-parted. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5, alternate with the petals. Ovary on a convex disc, 2-celled; cells 2-ovulate; style 1. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. Flowers white or greenish. ^ . 1. P. ANGUSTIFOLIA Benth. Niles. Spring. Family 2 TEREBINTH ACEJ2. (Anacardiacece). Stamens inserted on the inner margin of the disc. Ovary 1, or if more, only one fertile; 1- ovulate. Fruit indehiscent. (209) 1, Rhus L. POISON -OAK. YEDKA. Polygamous. Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Stamens 5. Ovary one, 1-celled, 1-ovulate; styles 3. Fruit a dry drupe. 1. K. DIVERSILOBA Torr. & Gray. Flowers paniculate; petals greenish. Fruit pale. T ? . Common. Summer. 2. P. AKOMATICA Ait. Flowers spicate; pe- tals yellow; fruit red. ^. Livermore. Spring. Juice and exhalation of this shrub unlike those of E. diversiloba do not produce eczema^ but are entirely harmless. Family 3. JUGLANDE^, (Connecting link between Terebinthaks and Cupuliferce.) Flowers diclinous. <3 : amentaceous ; peri- gonium adnate to the bract, and imbricate in aestivation; petals 3, or its multiple. 9 : ag- gregate or racemose; perianth connate with the imperfectly 2-4-celled, 1-ovulate ovary; fruit a 1-pyrenous drupe; pyrena of valvular dehis- cence. Leaves imparipinnate, stipules 0. Juglans L. WALNUT. $ : stamens more than six. $ flowers : few, terminal; calyx 4-parted; petals 4; style 2. V . 1. J. CALIFORNICA Watson. Very local. Walnut Creek. Spring. (210) ORDER 5. SAPINDALES. Parts of the an- droeciuin not symmetrical. Calyx free, imbri- cate in aestivation. Petals inserted into a hypo- gynous disc. Stamens generally more than petals, but not their multiple. Carpidia 3, sometimes 2, more or less connate into an ovary. Ovules of definite number. Family 1. POLYGALACEJE, Flowers irregular, often imitating Papilona- cece. Sepals 5, the two lateral petaloid (wings). Petals 5, sometimes 3, connate with the sta- mineal tube. Anterior petal concave (carina). Stamens 8, sometimes 4 or less, usually mona- delphous. Ovary 2-celled; style 1. Stipules 0. 1. Poly gala L- Calyx persistent. Stamens 8, ascending. Fila- ments united at base into an anteriorly cleft tube. Ovary 2-celled; cells 1-ovulate. Cap- sule loculicidal. 1. P. CUCULLATA Benth. Flowers rose- color. It- Tamalpais. Crystal Springs. Sum- mer. Family 2. SAPINDACE^i, Sepals 5, often irregular and more or less connate. Disc fleshy. Petals alternate with sepals, and appendiculate at their claws sometimes one or all of them wanting. Sta- ( 211 ) mens 1-seriate, more than 5. Ovary generally 3-celled; cells 1-2 ovulate. 1, JEsculus L. BUCKEYE. Polygamous. Calyx irregular, gamosepalous. Petals unguiculate, 5, or by abortion of the anterior one, 4. Stamens 6-8, filaments as- cending. Cells of ovary 2-ovulate. Fruit a capsule, generally by abortion 1-celled, 1-seed- ed. Leaves palmate, deciduous. . 1. JE. CALIFORNICA Nutt. Petals white, tinged with red and yellow. Common. Sum- mer. The seeds contain an active principle not yet sufficiently examined. 2. Acer Mcench. MAPLE. Polygamous. Petals as many as sepals, in- serted into the margin of the lobate, hypogy- nous disc. Stamens 8, inserted with the petals. Ovary 2-celled, 2-lobed; cells 2-ovulate. Fruit a 2-seeded samara. ^ . Leaves opposite, pal- mately lobed, deciduous. 1. A. MACEOPHYLLUM Pursh. Flowers yel- low. San Mateo. Marin County. Spring. 3. Negundo Mcenoh. Box ELDER. Polygamous. Dioecious. Petals 0. $ : stamens 4, sometimes 5, opposite to the calyx teeth. ? : ovary 2-celled, 2-lobed; cells 2-ovu- (212) late; fruit a 2-seeded samara. Leaves oppo- site, imparip innate, deciduous. " . 1. N. CALIFORNICUM Torr. & Gray. San Mateo. Marin County. Spring. ORDER 6. CELASTEALES. Parts of the flower correspondent in number. Disc tumid, adnate to the base of the calyx. Stamens in- serted with the petals on the margin of the disc. Ovules definite. Family 1, RHAMNACEJE, Calyx conspicuous, gamosepalous, valvat in aestivation. Stamens inserted with the petals and alternate with the calyx lobes. Ovary 2- 3-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Styles 2-3, more or less connate. 1. Rhamnus Jusa. Calyx-tube urceolate, margin 4-5-cleft. Pet- als minute, with short claws, or 0. Ovary free. Fruit a 2-3-pyrenous drupe. Leaves alternate, stipulate. ^ . 1. E. CROCEA Nutt. Flowers 4-merous, ape- talous; fruit red. Lake Chabot. San Eafael. Taylorville. Spring. 2. E. CALIFORNICA Esch. Flowers 5-merous; petals small, ovate, emarginate ; ripe fruit black.- Common. Summer. "Cascarasagrada" of. the old Californians. An infusion of the bark of this species and of B. (213) Purshiana of Northern California was in use among them as a purge. There also was a be- lief that the infusion of the bark, if the branch was scraped towards the top, would act as an emetic. An infuso-decoct. of the leaves is one of the most reliable remedies against fresh cases of the eczema caused by poison oak. 2. Ceanothus L. CALIFORNIA LILAC. CHAPPARAL. Calyx-tube hemispherical, concave; margin petaloid. Petals unguiculate ; margin cucul- late. Ovary half immersed into the disc; style 3-cleft. Fruit a 3-seeded capsule with base embraced by the calyx tube, dehiscent at the inner angle of the cells. Leaves simple. ^ . 1. C. THYRSLFLOKUS Eschsch. Leaves all al- ternate, 3 -nerved from their base; flowers in dense, compound racemes, blue, fragrant. Common. Summer. 2. C. DENTATUS Torr. & Gray. Leaves all alternate, frequently faseicled, 3-nerved from the base; flowers in small fascicles on naked, terminal peduncles, blue. Tamalpais. Sum- mer. 3. C. DTVABICATUS Nutt. Leaves all alter- nate, 3-nerved from their base; flowers in racemes, pale; branches spinose. Niles. Liv- ermore. Summer. (214) 4. C. PAPILLOSUS Torr. & Gray. Leaves all alternate, pinnately veined, glandular; flowers blue. Redwood City. Alma. Sum- mer. 5. 0. CEASSIFOLIUS Torr. Leaves often opposite, with numerous straight veins, ob- long; young branches tomentose; flowers in dense fascicles, pale. Wright's Station. Sum- mer. 6. C. CUNEATUS Nutt. Leaves often oppo- site, cuneate, with numerous straight veins; young branches almost smooth; flowers in loose fascicles, pale. Marin County. Sum- mer. Family 2, CELASTRACE2E, Calyx conspicuous, gamosepalous. Stamens alternate with the petals and opposite to the calyx lobes. 1, EuonymilS Tourn. SPINDLE-TBEE. Sepals and petals 4 or 5, spreading. Ovary 3-4-celled, half immersed into the disc. Capsule loculicidal. 1. E. OCCIDENTALS N n 1 1 . Flowers dark brown. ^. Crystal Springs. Taylorville. Summer. Family 3. AMPELIDE^, Calyx inconspicuous. Stamens inserted with the petals, opposite and of equal number. (215) Ovary 3-celled; cells 2-ovulate; ovules collat- eral. Fruit a berry. Lower leaves opposite; upper by the transformation of one of the pair into a tendril, apparently alternate. 1. Vitis Tourn. GRAPE. Petals coherent at their apex, caducous. 1. V. CALTFOBNICA Benth. ^. . ORDER 7. GUTTIFERALES. Flowers regular. Calyx free, sepals 4 or 5, imbricate or 2-seriate, never regularly valvate in aestiva- tion. Petals convolute in aestivation, some- times 0. Stamens oo, more or less connate at base, sometimes reduced in number. Carpidia several, connate into an ovary. Family 1, HYPEBICINE^. Sepals 2-seriate. Petals as many as sepals and alternate. Carpidia 3 or 5. Ovules GO, 2- seriate in each. Styles 3 or 5, more or less uni- ted. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Leaves oppo- site. Stipules 0. 1, Hypericum L- ST. JOHN'S-WORT. Stamens polyadelphous : stigmas capitate. Flowers yellow. If.. 1. H. CONCINNUM Benth. Leaves not clasp- ing; stamens decidedly polyadelphous in three phalanges; petals longer than the sepals. Tamalpais. Camp Taylor. Crystal Springs. Summer. (216) 2. H. ANAGALLOIDES Cham. & Sclileclit. Leaves clasping; stamens rather polyandrous; petals somewhat shorter than the sepals. Presidio. Saucelito. Lagunitas. Summer. Family 2. SALICINEJE Dioecious. Amentaceous. $ : perigonium 0; stamens central. ? : perigonium 0; ovary 2 carpidia, connate into one; ovules GO; styles 2; capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, co-seeded; seeds with hairy arillus. Leaves deciduous, alter- nate, stipulate. 1. Salix Tourn. WILLOW. Bracts entire. 1. S. L^VIGATA Bebb. Stamens more than 2; petioles downy; aments coeval with leaves. . Alms House. Spring. 2. S. LASIANDEA I3enth. Stamens more than 2; petioles glandular at their upper ends; aments coeval with leaves. - - ^ . Alameda. Spring. 3. S. LONGIFOLIA Muhl. Diandrous; scales deciduous; aments coeval with leaves. ^. Common. Spring. 4. S. LASIOLEPIS Benth. Diandrous; scales persistent, darker at the apex; capsules acute, smooth, dark green; aments precocious. . Common. Spring. ( 217 ) 5. S. COULTEBI Anders. Monandrous; ameuts in the axils of persistent leaves. V . Mar in County. Spring. 2. Populus Tourn. POPLAR COT ION WOOD. Bracts fimbriate, laciniate. !? . 1. P. TRICHOCARPA Torr. & Gray. J? . Ha- rm County. Niles. Spring. ORDER 8. PAEIETALES. Ovary 1-celled; placentation parietal; ovules oo. Family 1, CISTINE^. Calyx 2-seriate; 2 external sepals smaller than the 3 internal, contorted to the left in aestivation, sometimes 0. Petals 5, caducous, contorted to the right in aestivation. Stamens GO . Ovary free, formed by several connate carpidia; style 1. Fruit a capsule; placenta- tion sometimes apparently axillary, by pla- centae protruding towards the center. 1. Helianthemum Tonm. ROCK-ROSE. Ovary 3-valved. Placentas in the middle of the valves; each valve more than 2-seeded. .Flowers yellow. 1. H. SCOPARIUM Nutt. U. Tamalpai?. Summer. Family 2. LOASACE^E, Calyx-tube more or less connate with the 10 ( 218 ) ovary, costate; margin 4 or 5-parted. Petals 4 or 5, and their multiples. Stamens GO , some of the external sometimes petaloid. Ovary inferior, 1-celled; ovules GO ; style 1. Fruit a capsule immersed in the calyx tube. 1, Mentzelia L Calyx limb 5-parted, persistent. Petals not cucullate. Stamens oo, inserted in the throat of the calyx below the petals. Style 3-cleft. Capsule dehiscent near the apex. 1. M. LINDLEYI Torr. & Gray. Petals obo- vate, abruptly acuminate, yellow. 0. Niles. Sunol. San Leandro. Summer. 2. M. L^EVICAULIS Torr. & Gray. Petals lanceolate, cream-colored. 0. Arroyo del Monte, near Livermore. Summer. Family 3. DATISCE-ffi, Calyx tube connate with ovary. Petals 0. Ovary 1-celled; placentae on the middle nerve of the carpidia: ovules oo ; styles on the mar- gins of the carpidia, 2 for each placenta, some- times united into a contiguous style. Fruit a capsule, crowned by the calyx margin and style. 1. Tricerastes Presl. (Datisca L). Flowers $ . Calyx-tube 3-angular; margin 3-dentate. Stamens 3, alternate with the lobes of the calyx; anthers extrorse. Ovary with (219) 3 placenta?; styles 3, 2-parted, opposite the calyx-teeth. It. 1. T. GLOMERATA Ben th & Hook. Sunny- side. Mies. Summer. Family 4. FRANKENIACEJE, Flowers regular. Calyx gamophyllus free, tubular, costate, persistent. Petals alternate with the lobes of calyx, unguiculate. Stamens not correspondent in number to petals; an- thers extrorse. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit a cap- sule 2-4-valved, included in the persistent calyx-tube. 1. Frankenia L- Leaves opposite. Stipules 0. U . 1. F. GRANDIFLORA Cham. Schlecht. Pe- tals pink. Seashore. Summer. Family 5. VIOLACE^E, Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens inserted into a hypogynous disc, fila- ments flat; anthers short, introrse, pressed against the ovary, the connective elongated beyond the anthers. Ovary free, 1-celled, formed by 3 carpidia; ovules oo, 2-seriate; style 1, persistent; fruit a 3-valved capsule; valves bearing the seeds on the middle nerve. Leaves stipulate. (220) 1. Viola L. VIOLET. Sepals unequal, appendiculate at base. Pet- als unequal, the inferior longest and calcarate. Stamens 5; anthers cohering into a tube, the two inferior ones appendiculate at their base. 1. V. ODORATA L. Stemless; petals violet. 7. Throckmorton Eanch. Spring. Sweet violet; probably escaped from culti- vation. 2. V. CANINA L. Stem leafy; spar as long as the sepals; petals violet. 1C. Cemetery, Saucelito. Spring. 3. V. OCELLATA Torr. & Gray. Stem erect, leafy. Leaves cordate; stipules small, sca- rious; spur merely saccate; petals gradually changing color from purple to white. 1. Tamalpais. Santa Cruz Mountains. Summer. 4. V. PEDUNCULATA Torr. & Gray. Stem leafy, ascending; leaves rhombic; stipules nar- rowly lanceolate, foliaceous; sepals lanceolate; spur merely saccate; petals yellow, the out- side tinged with purple. It- Common. Spring. 5. V. AUREA Kellogg. Stem leafy, ascend- ing; leaves lanceolate: stipules lanceolate,folia- ceous; sepals linear, acuminate; spur merely saccate; petals yellow. 1C- Contra Costa mountains. Summer. (221) 6. V. SARMENTOSA Dougl. Stem prostrate, leafy; leaves cordate, finely crenate; petals yellow. 1. Tamalpais. Taylorville. Sum- mer. 7. V. LOBATA Benth. Erect leafy stem; cauline leaves palmate; petals yellow, exter- nally tinged with purple. 2. Marin County. Summer. Series 2. APHANOCYCLIC^E. Floral parts showing a tendency to spiral arrangement, and generally distinct. Parts of the gyncecium only occasionally connate. Calyx and corolla often of the same or similar structure. Numer- ical law not yet established. Stamens gener- ally more numerous than sepals and petals. ORDER 1. CKUCIFLOK/E. Calyx and cor- olla formed from 2 and its multiples. Circles of stamens more than 1. Carpidia 2 and its multiples. Family 1, CRUCIFEILffi, Sepals 2 pairs. Petals 4. Stamens tetra- dynamous. Ovary free, compound of 2 lateral carpidia; placentae parietal, on the margins of a spurious septum (replum); style 1. Fruit a siliqua, silicula or lomentum. Leaves alter- nate; stipules 0. 1. Raphanus Tourn. RADISH. Indehiscent siliqua irregularly moniliform, several-seeded, ( 222 ) 1. E. SATivusL. 0. Common all the year round. Escaped from gardens. Originally a native of China, now in cultivation over the whole earth. 2, Thysanocarpus Hook. Indehiscent silicula (samara) orbicular, winged, 1-seeded. 0. Spring. 1. T. PUSILLUS Hook. Pubescent through- out; cauline leaves lanceolate, sessile, but not clasping; silicula orbicular, hirsute. Niles. 2. T. LACiNiATUsNutt. Cauline leaves linear, scarcely auricled at their clasping base; sili- cula obovate, slightly pubescent. Niles. 3. T. CURVIPES Hook. Glabrous; cauline leaves conspicuously auricled at the clasping base; silicula orbicular. Common. 3, Senebiera Poir. Indehiscent silicula (schizocarp) 2-seeded. Seeds globose, rugose. Flowers minute, white. 1. S. DIDYMA Pers. 0. Common. Sum- mer. 4. Lepidium R- Br. PEPPERGRASS. Silicula dorsally compressed, ovate, with ca- rinate valves and narrow replum. Seeds soli- tary in each cell, pendulous from the apex of the replum. ( 223 ) 1. L. NITIDUM Nutt. Silieula shining, gla- brous; petals whitish. 0. Common. Spring. 2. L. LATIPES Hook. Silicula strongly re- ticulated; petals greenish. 0. Marin Coun- ty. Summer. 5. Capsella Vent. SHEPHERD'S-PUBSE. Silicula dorsally compressed, with carinate, 1-nerved valves and narrow replum. Seeds several. Flowers white. 0. 1. C. BUBSA-PASTOBIS L. Common all the year round. Ballast weed, introduced from Europe. 6, Tropidocarpum Hook. Siliqua dorsally compressed, linear, with 1- nerved, carinate valves, and very narrow re- plum. Seeds oo. Flowers yellow. 1. T. GBACILE Hook. Marin county. Sum- mer. 7. Nasturtium R Br. WATER-CRESS. Siliqua linear, with concave valves, and only rudimentary nerve. Seeds GO, 2-seriate in each valve. Aquatic. 1. N. OFFICINALE B. Br. Petals white. 2. Common all the year round. Introduced from Europe, at present perfectly naturalized. ( 224 ) 8, Sisymbrium L- HEDGE-MUSTARD. Siliqua linear, with concave, 3-nerved valves. Seeds oo, 1-seriate in each valve. 1. S. OFFICINALE Scop. Branches divari- cate; siliqua closaly appressed to the axis of the raceme; petals yellow. 0. Common all the year round. Ballast weed from Europe. 2. S. ACUTANGULUM DC. Branches ascend- ing; siliqua erect; petals yellow. 0. Mission Dolores. San Jose. Summer. Ballast weed, native of the Mediterranean re- gion. 3. S. EEFLEXUM Nutt. Branches but few; siliqua deflexed; petals yellow, white or red. 0. Presidio. Saucelito. Alameda. Summer. 9, Cakile Tourn. SEA-ROCKET. Fruit a 2-articulate lomentum. 1. C. AMERICANA Nutt. Petals rose-colored. 0. Berkeley salt marshes. Summer. 10, Barbarea K. Br. WINTER-CRESS. Siliqua linear, 4-augular with concave, 1- nerved valves. Seeds oo, compressed, 1-seriate in each valve. Flowers yellow. 1. B. VULGABIS B. Br. 2. San Mateo. Summer, (225) 11. BrassicaL. MUSTARD. Siliqua linear, with concave, more than 1- nerved valves. Seeds oo, globose, 1-seriate in each valve. Flowers yellow. 1. B. CAMPESTRIS L. Upper leaves clasping, auriculate. 0. Common. Summer. Native of Europe, but escaped from cul- tivation and naturalized. 2. B. NIGRA Boiss. All leaves petioled. 0. Very common. Summer. Black mustard. Probably like the former escaped from cultivation, but at present a trou- blesome weed, plentiful enough to impart a disagreeable taste to milk and honey. 12. Erysimum L. Siliqua linear, 4-angular, with carinate, 1- nerved valves. Seeds oo, globose, 1-seriate in each valve. Flowers yellow. 1. E. ASPERUM DC. 00. Common. Sum- mer. . 13, Caulanthus Watson. Sepals equally saccate. Petals undulate. Siliqua elongated, terete, sessile; valves 1- nerved. Seeds oo, oblong, 1-seriate in each valve. 00. 1. C. PROCEEDS Watson. Petals greenish white. Common, Summer, 1QA (226) 14, Gheiranthus L. WALL-FLOWKR. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals unguiculate. Siliqua laterally compressed; repluin broad; valves 1-nerved. Seeds compressed, 1-seriate in each valve. 1. C. ASPEE Cham. & Schlecht. Petals in different localities of different coloration, viz., near San Francisco cream-color, at San Mateo orange-color, in Saucelito light yellow. . Common. Spring. 15, Streptanthus Nntt. Sepals colored and equal. Petals undulate. Siliqua laterally compressed; valves flattened, 1-nerved. Seeds oo, 1-seriate, marginate, com- pressed. 1. S. GLANDULOSUS Hook. Hispid; lat- eral pair of sepals not turned inward behind the upper petals; sepals and petals white or red. 0. Sunnyside. Spring. 2. S. PERAMCENUS Greene. Hispid; lateral pair of sepals turned inward behind the upper petals; sepals dark purple, petals pale. 0. Wright's Station. Oakland Hills. Summer. 3. S. NIGER Greene. Glabrous, glaucous; sepals obtuse, dark purple; petals pale with purple claws. 0. Tiburon. Spring. 16, Arabis L- ROCK-CRESS. Petals not undulate. Siliqua laterally com- (227) pressed, linear; valves flattened, with promi- nent nerve. Seeds oo , 1-seriate, compressed, marginate. 1. A. BLEPHAROPHYLLA Hook & Arn. Leaves conspicuously ciliate; cauline leaves oblong, sessile; petals purple. 2f. Presidio. Sau- celito. Spring. 2. A. PERFOLIATA Lam. (Tarritis glabra L.) Glaucous; cauline leaves ovate, clasping by the sagittate base; petals pale. 0. Com- mon. Summer. 17, Gardamine L. BITIER-CRESS. Siliqua laterally compressed, linear; valves flat, without nerve. Seeds GO, 1-seriate; funi- cle filiform. 1. C. PAUCiSECTABenth. Lower leaves simple or 3-lobed,cau]ine leaves 5-foliolate. 2. Com- mon. Spring. 2. C. OLIGOSPERMA Nutt. All leaves pinnate. , Saucelito. San Mateo. Spring. 18. Alyssum L. Silicula laterally compressed, orbicular; valves concave; replum broad. Seeds 1 or 2 in each valve. 1. A. CALYCINUM L. Petals white or yellow, but little exceeding the sepals. 0. San Fran- cisco. Summer. Native of the Mediterranean region, escaped from gardens, (228) 2. A. MAEITIMUM L. Petals white,twice longer than the sepals. It. Oakland. Summer. Native of the Mediterranean region, escaped from gardens. Family 2, FUMARIACEJE, Sepals 1 pair. Corolla irregular. Stamens 6 more or less connate, cliadelphous. 1. Dicentra Bork. BLEEDING-HEART. Sepals small, two lateral petals flat, anterior and posterior petals calcarate. Ovary 1-celled, with two parietal placentae; oo-ovulate. Fruit a 2-valved capsule. 2f . 1. D. CHBYSANTHA Hook. & Arn. Flowers yellow, panicled on a leafy stem. Crystal Springs. Summer. 2. D. FORMOSA DC. Flowers rose-color, race- mose on a scape. Colma. Taylorville. Sum- mer. Family 3, PAPAVERACE^l. Sepals 2 or 3, caducous. Corolla regular; petals two pairs, sometimes three. Stamens not connate. Ovary free. 1, Platystemon Benth. CREAM CUPS. Sepals 3. Petals 6. Stamens oo; filaments flattened their whole length. Carpidia several, oc-seeded, at first syncarpous; stigmas free ? sessile, linear, Fruit at last apocarpous, dis- (229) solving into several follicles. Plant villous. Flowers creain color. 0. 1. P. CALiFOKNicusBenth. Common. Spring. 2. Platy stigma Benth. CREAM Curs. Sepals 3. Petals 6. Stamens GO; filaments flattened only at the base. Ovary 3-angular, 1-celled; placentae 3; stigmas 3. Fruit a cap- sule, 3-angular, 3-valved, co-seeded. 0. Ex- ternal petals yellow, internal cream color. 1. P. LINEARE Benth. Filaments flat. Common. Spring. 2. P. CALIFORMCUM Benth. & Hook. Fila- ments terete. San Mateo. Spring. 3. Dendroinecon Benth. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens GO. Ovary terete, linear with 2 placentae; ovules GO; stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule 1-celled, 2- valved; seeds on the margin of the valves. Flowers yellow. Leaves rigid, entire. . 1. D. EIGIDUS Benth. Tamalpais. Wright's Station. Summer. 4, Eschscholtzia Cham. CALIFORNIA POPPY. Calyx and corolla inserted into a turbiuate thalamus. Calyx gamosepalus, circumscissile at base. Petals 4. Stamens oo, adhering to the base of petals; filaments very short; an- thers extrorse. Ovary free, terete, 1-celled, with 2 placentas; stigmas 4. Fruit a capsule. (230) 10-nerved, 2-valved; seeds ou the margins of the valves. 1. E. CALIFOUNICA Cham. Flowers orange 2. Common. Summer. 5, Meconopsis Viguier. Sepals 2, caducous. Petals 4. Stamens GO; anthers laterally dehiscent. Ovary obovate, 1-celled, with more than 2 placentae; style short, persistent; stigmas radiating. Fruit a 1-celled capsule, dehiscent by several slits near the apex. 1. M. HETEROPHYLLA Benth. Petals scarlet. 0. Sunnyside. San Mateo. Niles. Sum- mer. 6, Argemone Touru. PRICKLY POPPY. Sepals 2 or .3. Petals 4 or 6. Stamens oo; anthers extrorse. Ovary ovate, 2-celled, with more than 2 placentas; stigmas nearly sessile, radiating. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by several valves near the apex. 0. 1. A. HISPIDA Gray. Petals white. Niles. Summer. ORDER 2. POLYCAEPIC^. Floral parts with a tendency to arrange themselves spirally, and gradually merge into each other. Family 1, LAURINE^. Perigonium 6-parted. Lobes 2-seriate, im- bricate in aestivation. Disc adnate to the base (231) of the perigonium; Stamens inserted on the margin of a disc, 6 or its multiple; anthers dehiscent by valves. Ovary 1-celled, com- pound of 3 carpidia, but only 1 ovule devel- oped; style 1. Fruit baccate or drupaceous. Leaves alternate; stipules 0. 1. Oreodaphne Nees (Umbdlularia Nutt). Margin of perigonium deciduous. Stamens 9-12, in 3 rows; anthers of the two external rows introrse, of the third extrorse, their fila- ments 2-glandular at the base. Fruit a drupe resting on an enlarged thalamus. ^ . 1. O. CALIFORNIA Nees. Common. Sum- mer. Bay tree. California laurel. Family 2, BERBERIDKffi, Sepals, petals and stamens 1-3-seriate, oppo- site each other. Anthers extrorse, dehiscent by valves. Ovary 1-celled, with ventral pla- centa co-ovulate. Fruit capsular, follicular or baccate, 1 to several-seeded. Leaves alternate; stipules 0. 1. VancOUVeria Decaisne. Sepals 6. Petals 6. Stamens 6. Fruit a follicle, several-seeded. Flowers white. 2. 1. V. SEXANDBA Morr. & Decaisne. Marin County. Spring. (232) 2, Berberis k. BARBERRY. Sepals 6, protected by bracts. Petals 6. Stamens 6. Fruit baccate, few-seeded. Flow- ers yellow. ^ . 1. B. PINNATA Lag. Leaflets pinnately veined, shining above, acuminate; first pair of leaflets near the base of the petiole. Colma. Mission Hills. Spring. Berries glaucous, edible. Stem and root contain a yellow dye. 2. B. AQUIFOLIUM Pursh. Leaflets pinnately veined, shining above, acuminate; first pair of leaflets remote from the base of the petiole. Crystal Springs. Spring. 3. B. KEPENS Lindl. Leaflets pinnately veined, not shining above, not acuminate. Marin County. Spring. 4. B. NERVOSA Pursh. Leaflets palmately nerved. Marin County. Spring. Family 3, RANUNCULACEJE, Petals alternate with sepals and imbricate in aestivation. Stamens oo ; anthers extrorse (lat- eral), longitudinally dehiscent. Ovaries sev- eral, rarely reduced to 1, apocarpous. Fruit akene, follicle or berry. Stipules 0. 1, Paeoilia Touru. PEONY. Sepals 5, unequal, persistent. Petals equal 5 or 10. Stamens oo; ovaries few, seated on a (233) fleshy disc, oo-ovulate; stigmas sessile. Fruit of few follicles, coriaceous, oo-seeded. 1. P. BEOWNII Dougl. Petals dark red. It- Marin County. Summer. 2, Actaea L- BANEBEBUY. Sepals 4, equal, caducous. Petals 4, Ovary but 1, 1-celled with ventral placenta, ovules 2-seriate; stigma sessile. Fruit baccate, oo- seeded. It- Flowers white. 1. A. SPICATA L. Berry red. Redwood Peak. Tamalpais. Nicasio. Spring. Narcotic poison. 3, Delphinium Tourn. LARKSPUR. Sepals 5, petaloid; upper one calcarate. Corolla irregular; upper petal 0; 2 lateral pet- als projecting by their appendices into the calyx-spur. Ovaries not more than 5, oo-ovu- late. Fruit several follicles. 1. D. NUDICAULE Torr. & Gray. Leaves almost all radical, 3-5-lobed, segments broad, obtuse, mucronulate; flowers in lax racemes, scarlet. 0. Contra Costa Range. Marin County. Summer. 2. D. CALIFOENICUM Torr. & Gray. Stem smooth, foliose; leaves 3-5-cleft, divisions lobed; flowers in strict, dense racemes; pedi- cels and flowers velvety, pale, sometimes tinned with violet. It. Saucelito. Mission Dolores, Summer. ( 234 ) 3. D. DECORUM. Fisch. & Mey. Pubes- cent: lower leaves 5-lobed, sparingly toothed, upper leaves with narrow, linear divisions; flowers on long pedicels in an open raceme; follicles glabrous; flowers blue. 11!. Marin County. Summer. 4. D. VARIEGATUM Tor r. & Gray. Pubescent; upper and lower leaves dissected, segments oblong or linear; flowers on long pedicels in an open raceme; follicles pubescent; flowers blue or white. It. Marin County. Crystal Springs. Summer. 5. D. SIMPLEX Dougl. Canescent; upper and lower leaves dissected, segments linear; flowers on short pedicels in dense racemes; follicles pubescent; flowers white, yellow, red, blue or dark purple. 0. Marin County. Summer. This genus needs investigation in regard to its toxic properties. One of the species is known to the ( sheep-herders as dangerous to their flocks. Perhaps all the perennial species may contain an acrid, narcotic substance. 4, Aquilegia Tourn. COLUMBINE. Sepals 5, petaloid, equal. Petals 5, bilab- iate, prolonged backward into a spur. Fruit 5 follicles. 2. 1. A. TRUNCATA Fisch. & Mey. Flowers orange. Common. Spring. (235) 5, Ranunculus L- BUTTERCUP. Sepals 5. Petals 5 or multiple, with a scale at the base. Ovaries oo, 1-ovulate. Fruit oo- akenes. 1. K. HEBECARPUS Hook. & Arn. Akenes hispid, roughened; floral parts of small size and reduced in their typical number. 0. Marin County. Niles. Spring. Flaccid annual of the habit of Bowlesia. 2. E. MURICATUS L. Lower leaves rounded, 3-lobed, irregularly crenate; akenes tubercu- late, spinose; floral parts typical and of ordi- nary proportions; petals yellow. 00. Pre- sidio. Summer. 3. E. MAXIMUS Greene. Leaves broad, alter- nately divided; radical leaves on very long petioles; leaflets laciniately lobed; akenes glabrous, flat, orbicular, thin-edged; styles long; petals more than 5, yellow. It- San Eafael. Corte Madera. Summer. 4. E. CALIFORNICQS Benth. Eadical leaves pinnatqly ternate; leaflets laciniately cut; akenes glabrous, flat, firmly edged; styles short; petals more than 5; yellow. If. Com- mon. Summer. 5. E. BLOOMERI Watson. Leaves 3-5-lobed, crenate; akenes lenticular; styles long, straight; petals yellow. 2. Sunnyside. Summer. (230) 6. E. FLAMMULA L. Leaves entire; akenes smooth ; stamens more than 10; petals bright yellow. 2. Marin County. Summer. 7. E. PUSILLUS Poir. Leaves entire; akenes granulate; stamens never more than 10; petals yellow. 0. Inundated places near Napa. Summer. 8. E. LOBBII Hiern. Aquatic; leaves float- ing, 3-lobed; submerged Leaves 0; styles long, filiform, with small terminal stigma; petals white with yellow claws. 2. Olema. Sum- mer. 9. E. AQUATILIS L. Aquatic with submerged capillary, multifid leaves; styles subulate, not longer than the ovary, introrsely stigma- tose; petals white with yellow claws. If. Presidio. Marin County. Summer. All perennial species possess an acrid, pois- onous principle, which disappears by drying, so that the plant, avoided by animals in its growing state, becomes harmless when made into hay. 6, Myosurus L- MOUSETAIL. Sepals 5, ca4carate. Petals 5, on filiform claws. Fruit oo-akenes, crowded on an elon- gated, spike-like receptacle. . Dwarf plants with radical leaves. 1. M. MINIMUS L, Niles. Spring. ( 237 ) 7, Thalictrum Touru. MEADOW-ROE. Jnvolucre 0. Sepals 4 or 5, very caducous. Petals 0. Ovaries GO, 1-ovulate. Fruit co- capitate akenes. Leaves ternately compound. K. 1. T. FENDLERI Engelm. Flowers violet. Saucelito. San Mateo. Summer. 8. Anemone Hall. Involucre 3-foliate. Sepals petaloid, 5 or a multiple. Petals 0. Ovaries GO, 1-ovulate. % Fruit GO, capitate akenes. It- 1. A. GBAYI Kellogg & Behr. Flowers white, tinged with blue or purple. Tamalpais. Camp Taylor. Spring. 9, Clematis L. VIRCIN'S-BOWER. Sepals 4, petaloid, not imbricate in aestiva- tion. Petals 0. Ovaries 1-ovulate. Fruit GO akenes, caudate by the persistent style. 1. C. LASIANTHA Nutt. Tomentose; flowers solitary on long peduncles, pale. It. Niles. Summer. 2. C. LIGUSTICIFOLIA Nutt. Almost gla- brous; Flowers paniculate, pale. It. San Ma- teo. Niles. Marin County. Summer. ORDER 3. RANALES. Floral parts having a pronounced tendency to merge gradually into each other. (238) Family 1, NYMPHJEACE.E, Sepals and petals inserted into a fleshy, cup- shaped thalamus. Stamens oo, co-seriate, in- serted with the petals; filaments flat, petaloid, anthers introrse, adnate. Carpidia several, immersed in the thalamus, and presenting the appearance of a co-celled ovary; ovules GO, inserted on the partitions; styles united and forming a radiate, peltate stigma, projecting beyond the thalamus and persistent. 1. Nuphar Smith. WATER-LILY. Sepals more than 4, petaloid. Petals oo, short, densely crowded round the thalamus. Stigma stipitate. Fruit a baccate pseudocarp. 2. Aquatic. Flowers yellow. 1. N. POLYSEPALUM Engelm. Sepals more than 7. Near the Marine Hospital. Taylor- ville, Paper-mill Creek. Summer. SERIES 3. PEBIGTN^E. Thalamus cup- shaped, bearing sepals, petals and stamens, and receiving the carpidia in shape of a recep- tacle, which in many instances surrounds the carpidia enough to form an inferior ovary. Section 1. CALYCIFLOR.E. Petals present and distinct, 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5, or their mul- tiples. ORDER 1. MYKTALES. Calyx lobes val- vate in aestivation. Petals as many, or a mul- (230) pie, rarely a divisor. Carpidia united into a single ovary. Family 1. HALORRHAGIDE^, Calyx tube adnate to the ovary; limb 4-parted. Petals, if present, alternate with calyx lobes. Stamens not more than twice as many as petals; if of equal number opposite to them. Pla- centse central, 1-ovulate. Styles as many as cells. 1, Hippuris L- MARE'S TAIL. Flowers $ , or sometimes polygamous, mo- nandrous; filament subulate. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovulate, style filiform. Fruit a caryopsis. 11 . Aquatic. Leaves verticillate; flowers minute, solitary in the axils. 1. H.VULGABIS L. Marine Hospital (at pres- ent extinct). Summer. 2, Myriophyllum L. WATKR MILFOIL. Monoecious. $ : petals caducous; stamens 8. ? : calyx limb and petals minute; stigma vil- lous; ovary 4-celled, 4-ovulate. 1. M. SPICATUM L. Marine Hospital. Camp Taylor. Summer. Family 2, ONAGRACE^, Calyx tube adnate to the ovary. Petals al- ternate with them, not valvate in aestivation. Stamens inserted with petals, as many or a (240) multiple; anthers introrse. Placentae central, oo-ovulate. Style 1. Stipules 0. 1. Jussiaea L- Calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary, but forming an epigynous disc ; lobes 4-6, persistent. Petals 4-6 ; stamens twice as many. Cells of ovary as many as calyx-lobes; stigma capitate. Fruit a septicidal capsule. 1. J. EEPENS L. Flowers yellow; leaves alternate. 2f. Aquatic. Niles. Alvarado. Summer. 2. Zauschneria Presl. Calyx-tube prolonged considerably above the ovary, funnel-shaped, colored, with 4-lobed, deciduous limb. Petals not exceeding the calyx-lobes, 2-cleft, erect. Stamens 8, in- cluded. Ovary 4-celled, 4-valved. Seeds with a hairy crown. Fruit a capsule, linear, imper- fectly 4-celled, oc -seeded. Flowers scarlet ; upper leaves alternate. U . 1. Z. CALIFORNICA Presl. Oakland Water- works. Mies. Summer. 3, Epilobium L- WILLOW-HERB. Calyx-tube prolonged but little beyond the ovary; limb 4-parted, soon deciduous. Petals 4, obovate, or obcordate, inserted into an an- nular disc on the summit of the calyx-tube. Stamens 8. Ovary 4-celled. Fruit a 4-angular, (241) 4-celled, loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a crown of long hair. 1. E. FRANCISCANUM Barbey. Stem angu- lar; leaves serrulate; stamens shorter than the style; petals purple. II. Fort Point. Sum- mer. 2. E. MINUTUM Lindl. Stem terete; leaves almost entire; four of the stamens as long as the style; petals rose-color. 0. Tamalpais. Summer. 4, Gayophytum Juss. Calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary, limb 4-parted, reflexed, deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens 8; anthers versatile, those opposite the petals smaller and usually sterile. Ovary 2-celled; style short; stigma capitate or cla- vate. Fruit a capsule, 2-celled, uneqally 4- valved. . Slender herbs. 1. G. DIFFUSUM Torr. & Gray. Petals pale rose-color. Saucelito. Spring. 5. (Enothera L. EVENING PRIMROSE. Calyx tube more or less prolonged above the ovary; lobes reflexed. Petals 4. Stamens 8; anthers versatile. Ovary 4-celled; ovules oo ; style filiform. Fruit a 4-celled capsule, loculi- cidal; seeds GO, smooth. Leaves alternate. 1. (E. BIENNIS L. Stigma lobes linear; flowers in a leafy spike, yellow. 0. San Mateo. Niles. Summer. 11 (242) 2. (E. CALIFORNIA Watson. Stigma lobes linear; flowers axillary, white, at last pinkish. U Niles. Summer. 3. (E. OVATA Nutt. Stigma capitate; .calyx tube filiform, above the ovary; petals yellow. 1C . Common. Spring. Leaves and flowers formerly in use as a salad. 4. (E. CHEIRANTHI FOLIA Hornem. Stigma capitate; calyx tube obconic; capsule 4-angu- lar with acute angles; canescent; leaves thick, entire; petals yellow. 2. Seashore. Sum- mer. 5. (E. MICRANTHA Hornem. Stigma cap- itate; calyx tube obconic; capsule 4-angular with acute angles, very much contorted; leaves denticulate; petals yellow. 0. Niles. Al- varado. Summer. 6. (E. DENTATA Cav. Stigma capitate; calyx tube obconic; capsule elongated, linear, shortly beaked; petals yellow. . Common. Summer. 7. (E. STRIGULOSA Torr. & Gray. Stigma capitate; calyx tube obconic; capsule elongated, linear, obtuse, petals yellow. 0. Common. Summer. 6, Godetia Spacb. Calyx-tube prolonged beyond the ovary, fun- nel-shaped, the lobes reflexed. Petals 4. Sta- mens 8, unequal; anthers basifixed. Capsule ovate to linear; seeds smooth, oo. 0. (243) 1. G. PURPUREA Watson. Flowers in a leafy, terminal cluster; capsule oblong; seeds in a double row in each cell; petals purple. Common. Summer. 2. G. LEPIDA Lindl. Flowers in short sim- ple spike; capsule oblong, ovate; seeds in a simple row in each cell; petals rose-colored, with a darker spot near the apex. Niles. Summer. 3. G. QUADRIVULNERA Spach. Capsule lin- ear, sessile, villous, 2-costate; petals purple. Common. Summer. 4. G. TENELLA Watson. Capsule linear, sessile, puberulent, not costate; petals purple. Niles. Summer. 5. G. AMCENA Lilja. Capsule linear, atten- uate at each end, pedicillate; plant minutely puberulent; petals rose-color, tinged with pur- ple, Common. Summer. 6. G. EPILOBIOIDES Watson. Capsule linear, attenuate into a short pedicel, acuminate at the apex; plant tomentosely pubescent; petals rose-color. Niles. Summer. 7, Clarkia Calyx- tube prolonged beyond the ovary, ob- conical, deciduous, the lobes reflexed. Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens 8, alternately depau- perate; anthers basifixed. Capsule linear; seeds oo, smooth. 0. (244) 1. C. ELEGANS Dougl. Petals rose-color. Alameda. Summer. 8, Eucharidium Fisch. & Mey. Caljx-tube linear, elongated beyond the ovary, its lobes re flexed, deciduous. Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens 4, alternate with the petals; anthers basifixed. Seeds oo, smooth. 0. 1. E. CONCINNUM Fisch. & Mey. Flowers red. Marin County. Summer. 9, Boisduvalia Spach. Calyx- tube prolonged beyond the ovary; fun- nel-shaped, deciduous; the lobes erect. Petals 4, sessile, 2-lobed. Stamens 8, those opposite the petals shorter; anthers basifixed. Capsules 4-celled; seeds oo, smooth. 0. Flowers pur- ple. 1. B. DENSIFLOBA Watson. Canescent; cap- sules oblong; partitions of the dehiscent cap- sule separating from the valves. Common. Summer. 2. B. GLABELLA Walpers. Capsules oblong, almost straight; partitions of the dehiscent capsule adhering to the valves. Common. Summer. 3. B. CLEISTOGAMA Curran. Capsules ob- long, 4-angular, curving outward from the stem; partitions of the dehiscent capsule ad- herent to the valves. Sunol. Summer. (245) Family 3, LYTHRABI2E, Calyx tube not adnate to the ovary. Sta- mens inserted with the petals, and of definite number; anthers introrse Ovary free, with central placentae, compound of carpidia; ovules GO ; style 1. 1, Lythrum L. LOOSE-STRIFE. Calyx tubular, 8-12-costate ; limb 8-1 2-den- tate; dentitions alternating in size. Petals 4-fi, opposite the smaller dentitions of the calyx. Stamens 8-12. Ovary 2-celled, covered by the persistent calyx. Flowers purple. 1. L. ALATUM Pursh. It. Tamalpais. Sum- mer. ORDER 2. BOSIFLOK^E. Calyx lobes imbricate in aestivation, as many as the per- igynous petals. Ovaries several, in different degrees of consolidation, in rare cases reduced to a single one, the eccentric position of which indicates the abortion of its fellows. Family 1, AMYGDALACEJE, Calyx free, 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals 5, convolute in aestivation. Ovaries almost always reduced to one, 1-celled, 2-ovulate. Fruit a drupe, by abortion generally 1-seeded. Leaves alternate, stipulate; stipules caducous. (246) 1, Prunus L. PLUM. CHEREY. Drupe fleshy; endocarp not rugose. +> . 1. EMARGINATA Wa 1 p e r s . Flowers in a corymb; petals white. Tamalpais. Spring. Black, cherry-like fruit. Not poisonous, although not edible. 2. P. DEMISSA Walpers. Flowers in termi- nal racemes; petals white. Mills Seminary. Marin County. Spring. Dark red or purplish cherry. Edible. 1 'Choke-cherry." 3. P. ILICIFOLIA Walpers, Flowers in leaf- less racemes from the axils of evergreen leaves; petals white. Common. Spring. "Holly- leaf Cherry." Bed or purplish cherry, not of bad taste, but suspicious. The leaves at times prove poison- ous to sheep and cattle, probably only when by their withering hydrocyanic acid is devel- oped, the smell of it in the withering leaves becomes very perceptible. 2, Nuttallia Torr. & Gray. Flowers polygamous. Ovaries 5. Fruit sev- eral 1-seeded drupes. Flowers white. . 1. N. CERASIFORMIS Torr. & Gray. Flowers white. Common. Spring. Drupes blue, of agreeable but slightly bitter taste, but suspicious. (247) Family 2. SPIRMEIE. Ovaries verticillate, rarely reduced- to 1. Fruit follicular. 1, Spiraea L. Seeds small exalbuminous, with inembrana- ceous testa. 1. S. DISCOLOR Pursli. Flowers reddish. *?. Common. Summer. 2. Neillia Don. NINE-BARK. BRIDAL- WREATH. Seeds albuminous, with a shining crusta- ceous testa. Flowers white. . 1. N. OPULIFOLIA Benth. & Hook. Com- mon. Summer. Family 3, DRYADACE^E, Ovaries collected around a convex recepta- cle, rarely reduced to 1, 1-ovulate. Fruit in- dehiscent, frequently drupaceous. 1, Rubus I;- BLACKBERRY. KASPBERRY. Calyx persistent, concave or flattened; limb 5-parted. Stamens oo. Ovaries on a convex receptacle. Fruit drupes oo, on a conical re- ceptacle. 1. E. NUTKANUS Moc. Leaves palmately lobed; petals white. . Common. Summer. ' 'Salmon-berry." 2. E. SPECTABILIS Pursh. Armed with stout prickles; leaves 3-foliolate, underneath slightly (248) pubescent; flowers almost solitary, red. . Colina. Saucelito. Summer. Fruit looks like a raspberry, red or yellow, rather insipid. 3. E. LEUCODERMIS D o u g 1. Armed with stout prickles; leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets un- derneath white- tomentose; flowers in few-flow- ered corymbs, white. . Los Gatos Creek. Summer. Fruit a raspberry, red, of agreeable flavor. 4. R. URSINUS Cham. & Schlecht. Armed with slender bristles or bristle-like prickles; leaves generally 3-foliolate, not tomentose un- derneath; flowers white. ^, Common. Sum- mer. ' ' Wild-blackberry." 2, Fragaria I*. STRAWBERRY. Calyx concave or flattened, persistent, 5- lobed, augmented by 6 bractlets. Petals 5. Stamens a multiple of 5. Ovaries oo, on a con- vex receptacle; styles lateral. Fruit GO akenes on an enlarged, fleshy receptacle. 2f . 1. F. CHILE N sis Ehr. Leaves perfectly smooth and shining on their upper surface. Flowers white. Presidio. Cliff House. Point Bonita. Summer. 2. F. CALIFORNIA Cham.& Schlecht. Leaves sparingly villous and not shining on their up- per surface. Common. Summer. (249) 3, Potentilla L. FIVE-FINGEE. Calyx concave or flattened, 5-lobed, aug- mented by 5 bractlets. Petals 5. Stamens a multiple of 5. Ovaries oo, on a slightly coni- cal receptacle. Styles lateral. Fruit GO akenes. Receptacle not enlarged. 1. P. GLANDULOSA Lindl. Flowers cymose; petals pale yellow, sometimes white. If. Contra Costa range. Summer. 2. P. ANSEBINA L. Flowers axillary, soli- tary, yellow. 2. Common on moist places. Summer. 4. Horkelia Cham. & Schlecht. Calyx campanulate, limb 5-parted, augment- ed by 5 bractlets. Petals 5. Stamens a mult i- of 5. Ovaries inserted on a conical receptacle; styles subterminal. Fruit akenes. U- 1. H. CALIFOENICA Cham. & Schlecht. Glan- dular pubescent; calyx-tube deeply campanu- late; petals white. Common. Summer. 2. H. KELLOGGII Greene. Silky pubescent; calyx-tube spreading; cupuliform; petals white. Alameda. Summer. Family 4, SANGUISORBACE^E. Calyx-tube contracted at its apex, including the ovaries. Petals often 0, Stamens and ovaries often reduced in number. Ovaries 1- ovulate. llA (250) 1. Adenostoma Hook. & Am. CHEMISAL. GBEASEWOOD. Calyx funnel-shaped; tube 10-costate; limb 5-parted. Petals 5; stamens a multiple. Ovary 1, with truncate, pubescent apex. Fruit an akene, included in the persistent calyx-tube. Flowers white. . 1. A. FASCICULATUM Hook. & Arn . Com- mon. Summer. 2, Alchemilla Tourn. LADY'S MANTLE. Calyx-tube urceolate, persistent; limb 4- parted, with 4 minute, deciduous bractlets. Petals 0. Stamens reduced, 1-4. Ovaries 1-4; styles basilar. Fruit 1-4 akenes. 1. A. ABVENSIS Scop. 0. Common. Spring. 3. Acsena Vabl. Calyx-tube contracted at the throat, oblong, angular, the angles armed with glochidiate prickles; limb persistent. Petals 0. Sta- mens reduced 1-5. Ovaries 1 or 2; styles terminal; stigmas peiiicillate. Fruit an akene, enclosed in the persistent calyx. 2. 1. A. TKIFIDA Euiz & Pavon. Common. Summer. 4. Cercocarpus HBK. MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY. Calyx-tube cylindrical, persistent; limb turbinate, 5-lobed, deciduous. Petals 0. Sta- mens multiple of 5. Ovary 1; style termi- (251) nal, long exserted. Fruit an akene, linear, terete, caudate by the elongated, plumose, twisted style. ^ 1. C. PARVIFOLIUS Nutt. San L e a n d r o . Lake Chabot. Spring. Family 5, ROSACEJE, Carpidia oo, 1-ovulate, indehiscent, included in the fleshy tube of the calyx. Stamens oc. 1. Rosa Tourn. ROSE. Calyx-tube urceolate, constricted at the throat; limb 5-parted. Petals 5. Styles lat- eral, exserted. Fruit oo-akenes, included in the fleshy calyx-tube. . 1. E. CALIFORNIA Cham. & Schlecht. Fol- iage and inflorescence tomentose; fruit globose; calyx lobes persistent. Common. Summer. 2. E. GYMNOCARPA Nutt. Glabrous; petioles and stipules glandular; fruit ovate; calyx lobes deciduous. Tamalpais. Summer. Family 6. CALYCANTHE^. Calyx fleshy; tube obconical; limb di- vided into oo-seriate lobes. Petals 0. Sta- mens oo ; anthers extrorse. Ovaries GO, 1- ovulate inserted on the whole inner surface of the calyx-tube; styles oo, terminal, exserted. Fruit oo-akenes, enclosed in the fleshy calyx- tube. Leaves opposite. Stipules 0. (252) 1, Calycanthus Lindl. SPICE-BUSH. Inner lobes of the oo-seriate calyx-limb smaller than the external. Outer series of stamens fertile, inner sterile. Flowers dark purple. . 1. C. OCCIDENTALIS Hook. & Am. Sonoma. Napa. Summer. Leaves and branches fra- grant when bruised. Family?, POMACEJE, Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; limb 5- parted. .Carpidia 2-5, 2-ovulate; styles 2-5. Fruit baccate. 1. Photinia Lindl. (Heteromeles J. Rcemer.) TOYON. Carpidia 2, imperfectly united and only half immersed in the calyx-tube; styles 2. Calyx- limb growing fleshy in fruit and covering the upper half of the carpidia, which are 1-seeded by abortion. Flowers in corymbose panicles. *>. 1. P. ARBUTIFOLIA Koemer. Flowers white. Common. Summer. Berries coral red, of astringent taste, but used by the original settlers in the preparation of a refreshing drink. 2, Amelanchier Medik. JUNE-BERRY. SERVICE-BERRY. Ovules of carpidion separated by an incom- (253) plete septum, 1 ovule becoming abortive in the ripe fruit. ^ . Flowers in racemes. 1. A. ALNIFOLIA Nutt. Flowers white. Common. Summer. Berries purplish, edible. ORDER 3. LEGUMINOSJE. Ovary 1, 1- celled. Fruit a legume. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Family 1, PAPILIONACE^l, Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens 10. 1, Pickeringia Nutt. Petals of the carina not connate. Stamens not diadelphous. Legume linear, compressed. Flowers purple; leaves palrnately 3-foliolate, evergreen; stipules evanescent. *> . 1. P. MONTANA Nutt. Tamalpais. Crystal Springs. Wright's Station. Summer. 2. Thermopsis R. Brown. Petals of the carina partly connate. Stamens not diadelphous. Legume linear, compressed. Flowers yellow; leaves palmately 3-foliolate; stipules persistent, foliaceous. If. 1. T. CALIFORNICA Watson. San Rafael. Saucelito. Summer. 3, Lupinus L. LUPINE. Stamens monadelphous; anthers alternately oblong and reniform. Leaves palmate; stip- ules adnate. (254) 1. L. ARBOREUS Sims. Slightly silky pub- escent, pubescence appressed; flowers on slender pedicels; bracts linear, equaling the calyx, deciduous; superior and inferior calyx lip nearly equal; ovules more than 6 in the legume; petioles short; flowers yellow. 0. Common. Summer. 2. L. CHAMISSONIS Esch. Appressed silky pubescence; pubescence dense; flowers on slen- der pedicels; bracts lanceolate, shorter than the calyx, deciduous; superior and inferior calyx lip nearly equal; ovules more than 6; petioles short; flowers violet or pale. . Common. Summer. 3. L. DOUGLASII Agardh. Almost torn en - tose; flowers on slender pedicels; bracts linear exceeding the calyx, deciduous; superior and inferior calyx lip nearly equal; ovules more than 6; petioles short; flowers purple. 1. Common. Summer. 4. L. POLYPHYLLUS Lindl. Leaflets glab- rous above; flowers on long pedicels; bracts lanceolate, not longer than the calyx; superior and inferior calyx lip nearly equal, entire; ovules more than 6; petioles considerably longer than the leaflets; flowers blue, purple or white. 1C. Common. Summer. 5. L. RIVULARIS Dougl. Leaflets glabrous above; flowers on long pedicels; bracts setace- ous, exceeding the calyx; superior and inferior (255) calyx-lip nearly equal; ovules more than 6; petioles equalling the leaflets; flowers purple. 1 . Tamalpais. Summer. 6. L. LITTORALIS Dougl. Leaflets glabrous above; flowers on short pedicels. Racemes short; bracts setaceous, exceeding the calyx; ovules more than 6; petioles longer than the leaflets; flowers violet marked with yellow. 1 . Marin County near the seacoast. Summer. 7. L. ALBICAULIS Dougl. Bracts subulate, shorter than the calyx; deciduous; calyx-lips nearly of equal length, the upper narrowed and dentate; vexillum acute, its margins near the apex coherent ; ovules about 6 ; petioles not longer than the leaflets; flowers pale blue. 11 . Marin County. Summer. 8. L. AFFINIS Agard. Pubescent ; racemes formed by regular whorls; bracts short; supe- rior calyx -lip 2-cleft; legume linear; ovules about 6; petioles twice as long as the leaflets; flowers blue with a white spot on the vexillum, which afterwards turns red. 0. Common. Spring. 9. L. NANUS Dougl. Pubescent ; racemes formed by regular whorls ; bracts exceeding the calyx ; superior calyx-lip 2-cleft ; ovules 6-8 ; petioles much longer than the leaflets; flowers blue marked with white. 0. Berke- ley. Spring. (256) 10. L. MICEANTHUS Dougl. Villous; racemes formed by regular whorls; bracts shorter than the calyx ; superior calyx-lip 2-lobed; lobes short 3-angular; lower lip almost entire; flow- ers blue, sometimes marked with white. 0. Common. Spring. 11. L. TRIPIDUS Watson. Villous; racemes generally reduced to a single whorl; superior calyx-lip 2-lobed, inferior calyx-lip 3-cleft ; flowers blue marked with white. 0. San Francisco sand hills. Spring. 12. L. TBUNCATUS Nutt. Nearly glabrous; flowers of the raceme scattered, not in whorls; superior calyx-lip 2-cleft; leaflets truncate at the apex; legume 8-ovuled; petals dark pur- ple. . Contra Costa hills. Spring. 13. L. MICEOCAEPUS Sims. Villous; calyx densely villous, its lips dentate, the upper very short; legume ovate, 2-ovuled; flowers purple, rose-color or white. 0. Common. Spring. 14. L. DENSIFLOEUS Benth Villous; calyx almost glabrous; legume ovate, 2-ovuled; flow- ers yellow or pale. 0. Common. Spring. 4, Trifolium Tourn. CLOVER. Diadelphous. Petals persistent and adnate to the stamineal tube. Legume utriculate, ir- regularly dehiscent. Leaves palmately com- pound; stipules adnate. (257) 1. T. BEPENS L. All peduncles axillary, longer than the leaf. Petals white. If. Com- mon. Summer. 2. T. MACRAE Hook. & Arn. Heads not iii- volucrate; flowers sessile; petals dark purple. . Marin County. Spring. 3. T. CILIATUM Nutt- Heads not involu- crate; flowers shortly pedicillate; calyx teeth lanceolate, rigid, ciliate at the bottom; petals white or purplish. 0. Common. Spring. 4. T. GBACILENTUM Torr. & Gray. Heads not involucrate; flowers shortly pedicillate; leaflets obovate; petal rose-color. Common. Spring. 5. T. BIFIDUM Gray. Heads not involu- crate ; flowers shortly pedicillate ; leaflets bifid at the apex; corolla rose-color. 0. Common. Spring. 6. T. INVOLUCBATUM Willd. Heads involu- crate; involucre herbaceous, deeply lobed, the lobes deeply dentate; corolla not becoming in- flated; legume more than 4-ovulate; petals rose- color. 0. Common. Spring. 7. T. TBIDENTATUM Lindl. Heads involu- crate; involucre herbaceous, deeply lobed, the lobes deeply dentate; corolla not becoming in- flated; legume 1-2-ovulate; calyx teeth rigid, abruptly narrowed into aspinulose apex; petals considerably exceeding the calyx, purple with paler or white tips. 0. Common. Spring (258) 8. T. PAUCIFLOEUM Nutt. Heads involu- crate; involucre herbaceous, deeply lobed, the lobes deeply dentate; corolla not becoming in- flated; legume 1-2-ovulate; petals scarcely ex- ceeding the calyx, purple or rose-eolor. 0. Common. Spring. 9. T. MICROCEPHALUM Pursh. Heads invo- lucrate; involucre membranaceous, its lobes entire; corolla not becoming inflated; petals pale. 0. Common. Spring. 10. T. MrcRODON Hook. & Arn. Heads in- volucrate; involucre membranaceous, its lobes 3-dentate; corolla not becoming inflated; petals white or pale. 0. Common. Spring. 11. T. BARBIGERUM Torr. Heads involu- crate; involucre broad, oo-dentate; corolla be- coming inflated; petals purple. 0. Com- mon. Spring. 12. T. FUCATUM Lindl. Heads involucrate; involucre deeply lobed; corolla becoming in- flated, pale. 0. Common. Spring. 13. T. DEPAUPERATUM Desv. Involucre al- most 0, reduced to a mere disc; corolla becom- ing inflated, white or purple. 0. Common. Spring. 5, Melilotus Tourn. MELILOT. Diadelphous. Petals free from the column of stamens and deciduous. Legume globose. Flowers racemose. Leaves pinnately 3-foli- olate; stipules adnate. ( 259 ) 1. M. PABVIFLORA Desf. Flowers yellow. . Common the year round. Native of the Mediterranean region, but at present perfectly naturalized. 6, MedicagO Tourn. MEDICK. Diadelphous. Petals free from the column of stamens and deciduous. Legume globose. Flowers racemose. Leaves pinnately 3-foliol- ate; stipules adnate. 1. M. SATIVA L. Legume without prickles, spirally rolled up, the spiral leaving an open space in the center; flowers purple. If. Common all the year round. "Alfalfa." Native of Europe, but escaped from cultiva- tion in different countries. 2. M. DENTICULATA Willd. Legume spirally rolled up and armed with a double row of prickles; flowers yellow. 0. Common all the year round. Native of Europe, a fodder plant, but owing to the prickles that infest its legume, not de- sirable in wool-growing districts. 3. M. LUPULINA L. Legume without prickles, spirally rolled up, the spiral leaving no open space in the center; flowers yellow. 0. Com- mon all the year round. Native of Europe, now naturalized. (260) 7, Hosackia Dougi. Diadelphous. Petals unguiculate. Legume cylindrical, linear, almost straight, dehiscent, sessile. Ovules more than 2. Flowers umbel- late, or by depauperation solitary. Leaves imparipinnate, 2 to several-foliolate; stipules often minute. 1. H. STIPULAEIS Benth. Stipules large, foliaceous; flowers purplish. It- Contra Costa range. Summer. 2. H. GRACILIS Benth. Stipules scarious; vexillum yellow; wings and carina purple. 1 . Colma. Talmalpais. Summer. 3 . H. STRIGOSA Nutt. Stipules reduced to blackish glands; rachisof leaf flattened; vexil- lum attenuate below, carina obtuse ; flowers yellow. 0. Common. Spring. 4. H. PARVIFLORA Benth. Stipules reduced to blackish glands; rachis of leaf flattened; vexillum cordate; carina acute; flowers pale. 0. Common. Spring. 5. H. PURSHIANA Benth. Stipules reduced to glands; leaves almost sessile; flowers pe- duncled, pale; vexillum pink. 0. Common. Summer. 6. H. SUBPINNATA Torr. & Gray. Stipules gland-like, leaves petioled; flowers almost ses- sile; legume 5-seeded; petals yellow. 0. Common. Summer. (261) 7. H. BRACHYCARPA Benth. Stipules gland- like; leaves petioled; flowers almost sessile, legume less than 5-seeded; petals yellow. 0. Common. Summer. 8, Syrmatium Vogel. (ffosackia, Dougl.) Diadelphous. Petals unguiculate. Legume indehiscent, incurved. Ovules less than 3. Umbels few-flowered. Stipules reduced to dark colored glands. 1. S. GLABRUM Torr. Glabrous; calyx teeth narrow, erect; flowers yellow. It- Common. Summer. 2. S. CYTISOIDES Benth. Glabrous. Calyx teeth attenuate, recurved; flowers yellow. If. Half Moon Bay. Crystal Springs. Summer. 3. S. TOMENTOSUM Hook. & Arn. Pubescent throughout; calyx teeth filiform; flowers yel- low. If. Marine Hospital. Summer. 9, Psoralea k- Diadelphous. Glandular. Wings united to the carina. Ovary sessile, 1-ovulate. Legume included in the calyx, indehiscent. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-5-foliolate; stipules not ad- nate. 1. P. ORBICULARIS Lindl. Stems prostrate; corolla purple, sometimes white. If. Com- mon. Summer. (262) 2. P. STROBILINA Hook. & Am. Stem erect; stipules large, membranaceous, acuminate; pe- duncles shorter than the leaves; flowers in short spikes; bracts large, deciduous; corolla purple. It- Contra Costa range. Summer. 3. P. MACROSTACHYA DC. Stem erect; sti- pules small, lanceolate; peduncles much ex- ceeding the leaves; spikes cylindrical; bracts large, acuminate; corolla purple. 2. Marin County. Summer. 4. P. PHYSODES Dougl. Stems erect; sti- pules small, lanceolate; peduncles about equal- ing the leaves; flowers in racemes; bracts small; corolla white or 'purplish. 1C- Coast Eange. Summer. 10, Amorpha L. FALSE INDIGO. Monadelphous. Vexillum unguiculate. Wings and carina 0. Ovary sessile, 2-ovulate. Le- gume very late, dehiscent. Glandular. Leaves imparipinnate. ^ . 1. A. CALIPOENICA Nutt. Flowers purple. Marine County. Summer. 11. Glycyrrhiza L. LIQUORICE. Diadelphous. Calyx not bracteolate. Vex- illum, wings and carina straight. Anthers confluent. Legume ovate, compressed, few- seeded, echinate. Glandular. Leaves impari- pinnate. It- (263) 1. G. LEriDOTA Nutt. Flowers ochroleu- cous. Niles. Summer, 12, Astragalus L- BATTLE WEED. LOCO-WEED. Diadelphous. Carina blunt. Legume more or less divided by the intrusion of the dorsal suture. Seeds reniform. Leaves imparipin- nate. 1. A. DIDYMOCABPUS Hook. & Arn. Legume transversely wrinkled, 2-seeded; corolla white and violet. Contra Costa. Summer. 2. A. TENEE Gray. Legume ao-seeded, not inflated; corolla white, sometimes violet tipped. 0. Golden Gate Park. Cemetery. Summer. 3. A. LEUCOPHYLLUS Torr. &] Gray. Legume inflated, stipitate in the calyx; corolla pale. It- Sunol, Summer. 4. A. CROTALARLE Gray. Legume inflated, sessile in the calyx; stipules distinct; corolla white, more than twice the length of the calyx. 1C . Sandhills near San Francisco. Summer. 5. A. MENZIESII Gray. Legume inflated, sessile in the calyx; stipules connate, opposite the petiole; corolla white, more than twice the length of the calyx. If . 6. A. DOUGLASII Gray. Legume inflated, ses- sile in the calyx; corolla pale, hardly twice the length of the calyx. 2. Coast Range. Sum- mer. (264) 7. A. PYCNOSTACHYUS Gray. Legume co- riaceous, not inflated, lenticular, reticulated; ovules 5; seeds less than 4; corolla pale. It. Bolinas Bay. Summer. Some species of Astragalus have the repu- tation of being poisonous to cattle, sheep and horses. The specimens sent to the Academy of Sciences do not belong to any species found in the territory of the local flora. The whole matter is still wrapt in a mystery, like the one connected with the properties of Gastrolobium, a leguminous plant in Australia. 13, Vicia L. VETCH. Diadelphous. Style filiform; apex pilose. Leaves paripinnate, terminating in branched tendrils. 1. V. GIG ANTE A Hook. Flowers in a ra- ceme; leaflets more than 9 pairs; corolla pale- purple. 2. Coast Range. Summer. 2. V. AMERICANA Muhl. Flowers in ra- cemes; leaflets less than 9 pairs; corolla pur- ple. It. Common. Summer. 3. V. EXIGUA Nutt. Flowers pedunculate, solitary, rarely 2 ; leaflets less than 5 pairs ; co- rolla purple. 0. Contra Costa. Spring. 4. V. SATIVA L. Flowers almost sessile; leaflets more than 4 pairs; corolla violet. -0. Fields, hedges. Spring. Escaped from cultivation, originally Euro- pean. 14, Lathyrus L. WILD PEA. Style ventrally flattened toward the apex, concave, pilose along the inner side. Leaves paripiunate, ending in branched tendrils. 71. 1. L. VESTITUS Nutt. Leaves cirrhate; pe- duncles oo-flowered; petals rose-color, chang- ing before withering into violet. It- Com- mon. Summer. 2. L. PALUSTEIS L. Leaves cirrhate; pedun- cles 2-6-flowered; petals purple. Marin Coun- ty. Summer. 2. L. LITTORALIS Endl. Leaves not cirr- hate; leaflets 1-3 pairs and a small terminal one; vexillum purple; wings and carina pale. Marin County. Summer. 15, Cercis L. RED-BUD. JUDAS-TREE. Stamens not diadelphous, anterior longer than the posterior ones; anthers versatile. Petals unguiculate, those forming the carina separate, and larger than the rest. Legume flat, stipitate, co-seeded; ventral suture winged. ^ . Flowers purple in axillary fasci- cles. Leaves simple, appearing after the flow- ers. 1. C. OCCIDENTALS Torr. Petals'rose-color. Sunol. Spring. 12 (266) ORDER 4. DAPHNALES. Petals 0. Per- igonium and stamens inserted in a perigynous disc. Stamens 2 or its multiple. Carpidion 1, ovules never basilar. Stipules 0. Family 1, THYMELACE^, Perigonium garnosepalous. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovulate; ovule lateral, attached near the apex; style lateral. 1. Dirca L- LEATHER WOOD. Flowers . Perigonium corolline, campan- ulate; limb obliquely truncate. Stamens 8, the alternate ones shorter. Hypogynous scales 0. Style filiform, subterminal. Fruit a drupe. %. 1. D. OCCIDENTALIS Gray. Perigonium greenish-yellow; drupe orange. Contra Costa hills. Coast Range. Spring. Bark acrid, blistering when applied to the skin. Family 2. LORANTHACE.E, Evergreen, dichotomous, parasitic peren- nials. Branches articulate. Leaves opposite; stipules 0. Flowers epigynous. Stamens in- serted on the perigonium, opposite its lobes and of the same number. Ovary 1-celled, 1- ovuled. Fruit baccate. Seed often containing several embryos. (267) [ Affinities doubtful, perhaps connecting the Gymnosperm families of Taxinece and Gnetacece to the Angiosperm families mentioned here and the Proteacece.'] 1. Phoradendron Nutt. MISTLETOE. Flowers diclinous; $ and ? , on separate spikes. Anthers 2 - celled. Stigma sessile. Fruit crowned by the persistent perigonium. 1. P. FLAVESCENS Nutt. ^. Boss Station. Spring. Parasite on oaks, poplars, etc. 2. Arceuthobium Bieb. PINE MISTLETOE. Dioecious. $ flowers sessile. Lobes of the perigonium ovate, spreading. Anthers sessile, inserted on the middle of the perigonium lobes, 1-celled, transversely dehiscent. ? flowers shortly pedicillate, compressed, with 2-dentate limb. Stigma sessile. Berry transversely de- hiscent at the base. 1. A. OCCIDENTALE Engelm. ^. Contra Costa mountains. Autumn. Parasite on conifers. Series 4. MONOCHLAMYDE^E. Flowers incomplete. Number of carpidia corresponding to number of floral parts. ORDER 1. SEEPENTAEI^. Leafy plants containing chlorophyll, as distinguished from the other order of the series, the Rhizanthece, (268) which are parasitic plants without chloro- phyll. Family 1, ARISTOLOCHIE^E, Perigonium gamosepalous. Stamens 6, or a multiple. Ovary inferior, 6-celled. 1. Asamm Tourn. WILD GINGER. Stamens 12, free. Perigonium entirely epigynous; limb regular. Rhizome dichoto- mous. U- 1. A. CAUDATUM Lindl. Flower dark -pur- ple. Strawberry Valley. Tamalpais. Spring. 2, Aristolochia Tourn. DUTCHMAN'S PIPE. Stamens 6, gynaudrous. Limb of perigonium oblique, irregularly cleft. 1. A. CALIFORNICA Torr. Flowers greenish ; twining creeper. It- Saucelito. Ocean lake. Boss Station. Spring. SERIES 5. J U L I F L O R M. Inflorescence dense; flowers apetalous. Leaves never com- pound. ORDER 1. Flowers diclinous; $ flowers amentaceous. Fruit 1- seeded, indehiscent. Stipules deciduous. Family 1, CUPULIFER^l, Epigynous. Style 1; stigmas several. Fruit a nut (akene), the base of which is surrounded by a cupula or a persistent involucre. ( 269) 1, Quercus L- OAK. Monoecious. Aments slender. $ perigo- nium 4-8-parted; ? , 6-dentate; style short; stigmas 3. Ovary 3-cellecl, 6-ovulate, surround- ed by a scaly, budlike involucre, which in fruit enlarges into a cup. ^ . 1. 2. LOBATA Nee. 3 : aments pendulous; abortive ovules at the base of the developed seed; acorns maturing the first year; leaves deciduous; branchlets glabrous; nut conical. Common. Spring. "White oak." "Boble." Large, stately tree. 2. Q. DOTJGLASII Hook. & Arn. $ : aments pendulous; abortive ovules at the base of the developed seed; acorns maturing the first year; leaves deciduous; branchlets pubescent; nut oblong. Niles. Sonoma. "Blue oak." 3. Q. DUMOSA Nutt. $ : aments pendulous; abortive ovules at the base of the developed seed; acorns maturing the first year; leaves persistent, coriaceous; nut oval. Tamalpais. 4. Q. CHBYSOLEPIS Liebm. 6 : aments pen- dulous; abortive ovules scattered over the sur- face of the developed seed; acorns biennial; leaves persistent, coriaceous; nut obtuse. Marin County. Spring. Tall tree, frequently called live oak. ( 270 ) 5. Q. AGRIFOLIA Nee. $ : aments pendu- lous; abortive ovules apical; acorns maturing the first year; leaves persistent, coriaceous, not reticulate; nut acute. Common. Spring. Tall tree, the genuine "live oak" of the Californians. 6. Q. WISLIZENI DC. $ : aments pendu- lous; abortive ovules apical; acorns biennial; leaves persistent, coriaceous, reticulate, entire to sinuately lobed; petioles short; nut acute. Mies. Spring. Stately tree, frequently mistaken for "live oak." 7. Q. KELLOGGII Newb. 3 : aments pen- dulous; abortive ovules apical; acorns biennial; leaves deciduous, pinnatifid-lobed; petioles long; nut obtuse. Marin County. Spring. "Black Oak." 8. Q. DENSIFLOEA Hook. & Arn. Aments erect, androgynous. Marin County. Santa Cruz mountains. Summer. "Chestnut." "Tan- ner's bark." 2, Castanopsis Spach. CHINQUAPIN. Monoecious, Aments slender, panicled on the young shoots. $ perigonium 5-lobed; stamens 10. ? flowers 1-3, in a scaly invo- lucre, sessile at the base of the ament; peri- gonium 6-lobed, 2-seriate; fruit 1-3 nuts en- (271) tirely closed in a prickly, irregularly ruptur- ing involucre. V . 1. C. CHEYSOPHYLLA A. DC. Tamalpais. Santa Cruz mountains. Summer. In Northern California a tall tree, in our lo- cal flora, a shrub. 3, Corylus Tourn. HAZEL. Monoecious. Aments slender. Scales (bracts) imbricated. <5 flowers besides the scales 2- bracteolate. Stamens 8; anthers 1-celled. ? flowers immersed into a bud; uppermost scales containing flowers, the rest empty. Ovary 2-bracteolate, crowned by a minute per- igonium, 2-celled; stigmas 2. Fruit a nut, sur- rounded by a large incised involucre, formed by the growth of the two bractlets. . 1. C. ROSTJRATA Ait. Common. Spring. Family 2, BETULACEJE. ffypogynous. $ ament : bracts shield-shap- ed, each enclosing 3 flowers with minute peri- gonium and four stamens. ? aments : bracts 3-lobed, each enclosing 3 naked flowers; ovary 2-celled; cells 1-ovulate; styles 0; stig- mas 2. Fruit an akene (nutlet) affixed to the lignescent bract, and collected into a strobi- laceous inflorescence. 1. Alnus Tonrn. ALDER. Fruit lignescent; nutlets attached to lignes- cent bracts on a lignescent axis. . (272) 1. A. EUBRA Bongard. Nutlets wi nge d, Contra Costa Mountains . Spring. 2. A. RHOMBIFOLIA Nutt. Nutlet not winged, but having a thickened margin. Niles. Santa Cruz mountains. Spring. Family 3, MYRICACE^l, Flowers diclinous, amentaceous, each bract containing a single, naked, sessile flower. 6 aments filiform; ? ovate. Ovary connate with some hypogynous scales, 1-celled, 1-ovulate; style very short; stigmas 2. Fruit a nutlet; drupaceous by the incrassate, hypogynous bracts. 1. Myrica L. WAX-MYRTLE. Only genus. " . 1. M. CALIFOENICA Cham. Common. Spring. ORDEE 2. UKTICALES. Flowers diclin- ous. Stamens opposite to the lobes of the perigonium. Ovary superior. Fruit 1-seeded. Leaves stipulate. Family 1. PLATANE^l, Monoecious. Flowers naked, capitulate on globose receptacles. S head: stamens co , ir- regularly mingled with scales. ? head: ova- ries oo, placed irregularly among scales; fruit a coriaceous nutlet. Leaves alternate, pal- mately lobed. (273) 1. Platanus L. SYCAMORE. Only genus. . 1. P. RACEMOSA Nutt. Common. Spring. Family 2, URTICACE^. <3 perigonium 4-lobed; stamens 4; fila- ments inflexed in aestivation; anthers introrse, 2-celled; ovary rudimentary. ? perigonium 2 to 4-lobed; ovary 1-celled, 1-ovulate; fruit an akene, sometimes baccate by the persistent and succulent perigonium. Stipules generally persistent. 1. Urtica To urn. NETTLE. $ perigonium regular and spreading. ? perigonium 2-parted, with sessile, penicillate stigma. Herbs covered with stinging hairs. 1. U. HOLOSERICEA Nutt. Inflorescence uni- sexual; petioles short, stout. 2f. Common. Summer. 2. U. LYALLII Watson. Inflorescence uni- sexual; petioles long, slender. if. Marin County. Summer. 3. U. URENS L. Inflorescence androgynous. . Cultivated lands. Spring. Introduced from Europe. 2. Hesperocnide Torr. $ perigonium gamophyllous, urceolate, com- pressed, minutely dentate. 0. 12A (274) 1. H. TENELLA Torr. San Francisco. Sau- celito. Spring. Small stinging herb. Family 3, POLYGONACE^, Perigonium imbricate in aestivation. Stamens definite, inserted on the base of the perigon- ium. Ovary superior, originally compound of 2 or 3 carpidia; by abortion 1 -celled, 1-ovulate; but showing the 2 or 3 styles of the original carpidia. Ovule basilar. Fruit indehiscent. Stems articulate. Leaves alternate, sheathing. [ Affinities of this family not yet settled. The articulate stem approaches it to the Piperacew. the basilar ovule to the Chenopodiacece.^ 1. Rumex L. DOCK. SHEEP-SORREL. Perigonium 6-sepalous, 2-seriate; 3 inner segments larger and more petaloid. Stamens 6, in pairs opposite the outer sepals. Styles 3 with penicillate stigmas. Fruit a 3-cornered akene inclosed in the 3 inner sepals, forming a spurious capsule. Flowers racemose. 1. K. SALICIFOLIUS Weinm. Calyx valves entire or denticulate, bearing large callosities; leaves linear to lanceolate, not undulate, atten- uate into a short petiole. 11- Common. Spring. 2. R. CETSPUS L. Calyx-valves entire, bear- ing callosities; leaves lanceolate, undulate, truncate at base. 2. Common. Spring. (275) "Yellow dock." Native of Europe, now naturalized. 3. K. CONGLOMERATE Murray. Calyx valves entire, bearing callosities; leaves lanceolate, the lower leaves cordate, slightly undulate. 2. Common. Spring. Also called "yellow dock,' 7 native of Europe, and at present naturalized. 4. R OBTUSIFOLIUS L. Calyx valves with slender awn-like teeth and bearing callosities. 1C Contra Costa. Spring. 7. E. ACETOSELLA L. Dioecious. Yalves without callosities; leaves hastate. 11. Com- mon. Spring. "Sheep-sorrel." 2, Polygonum L- KNOT-GRASS. Perigonium 5, sometimes 4-phyllous. Sta- mens 3-8, single or in pairs opposite to the sepals. Styles 3, sometimes 2; stigmas capi- tulate. Fruit a 3-cornered or lenticular akene, enclosed in the persistent perigonium. 1. P. PARONYCHIA Cham. & Schlecht. Flow- ers in leafy spikes; leaves lanceolate, with re- volute margins; flowers pale, veined with green. 1$. . San Francisco. Summer. 2. P. AVICULARE L. Flowers axillary, pale. 0. Common. Spring, Summer. 3. P. CALIFORNICUM Meissn. Flowers spi- - cate; bracts foliaceous, each bract containing (276) a single sessile flower; leaves linear; flowers rose-color. . Niles. Spring. 4. P. NODOSUM Pers. Flowers spicate; bracts scarious, each bract protecting a fasci- cle; stamens 6; styles 2, included; leaves cune- ate at base; flowers pale. 0. Marine Hos- pital. Spring. 5. P. MUHLENBEEGII Watson. Flowers spi- cate; bracts scarious, each bract protecting a a fascicle; stamens 5; style 2-cleft, exserted; leaves cordate at base; flowers rose-color. 2. Marine Hospital. Spring. 6. P. CONVOLVULUS L. Stem twining; leaves hastate; flowers pale. 0. Cultivated grounds. Summer. Ballast weed, introduced from Europe. 3, Eriogonum Michx. Involucre co-flowered, campanulate, slightly angulate, 6-dentate. Flowers pedicillate, exserted, seated on a receptacle with scarious bracts. Perigonium 6-parted, 2-seriate. Sta- mens 9, in pairs opposite to the external lobes; singly to the internal ones. Styles 3; stigmas capitate. Fruit a 3-angled, rarely a lenticular, akene. Peduncles 2-3-chotomous. 1. E. ANGULOSUM Benth. Involucre nerve- less, hemispherical ; flowers pale. 0. Niles. Spring. (277) 2. E. LATIFOLIUM Smith. Involucres 5- 6-nerved, collected into a glomerule ; peduncles stout, solid; flowers rose-color. 2. Common. Summer. 3. E. NUDUM Dougl. Involucres 5-6-nerved, collected into a glomerule; peduncles slender, fistulose; flowers pale.- 2. Coast Range. Summer. 4. E. TEUNCATUM Torr. & Gray. Involucre 5 or 6-nerved, solitary, forming a cyme; leaves rosulate, mostly radical; flowers rose-colored. . Niles. Spring. 5. E. VIRGATUM Bentli. Involucre 5 or 6-- nerved, solitary, forming a dichotomous pani- cle; leaves lanceolate; bracts shorter than the involucre; flowers pale. 0. Coast Eange. Spring. 6. E. VIMINEUM Dougl. Involucre 5 or 6- nerved, solitary, forming a dichotomous pani_ cle; leaves orbicular; flowers pale. 0. Com_ mon. Spring. 7. E. GRACILE Benth. Involucre 5 or 6- nerved, solitary, forming a dichotomous pani- cle; leaves lanceolate; bracts longer than the involucres; flowers pale. 0. Santa Cruz mountains. Spring. 3. Chorizanthe R. Br. Involucre 3-flowered, tubular, 3-angular, 6- dentate, mucronate or aristate. Flowers , (278) scarcely exserted. Perigonium 6-parted, 2-se- riate. Stamens typically 9, in pairs opposite to the external lobes; singly to the internal ones; occasionally by abortion 6 or 3. Styles 3; stigmas capitate. Fruit a 3-angular akene. Peduncles dichotomous. 1. C. MEMBRANACEA Benth. Stem erect; in- volucre equally 6-cleft, 3-flowered, only one flower developed; leaves scattered. 0. Niles. Spring. 2. C. DOUGLASII Benth. Stem erect; in- volucre unequally cleft, 1 -flowered; leaves ver- ticillate. . Santa Oruz mountains. Spring. 3. C. PUNGENS Benth. Stem procumbent; involucre unequally dentate, teeth alternately smaller; leaves mostly opposite. 0. Presi- dio. Spring. 5 Lastarriaea Remy. involucre 0. Perigonium coriaceous, tubu- lar, 6-dentate, the dentations uncinately aris- tate; stamens 3, inserted on the throat. Fruit a 3-angled akene. 0. Diffusely branched. 1. L. CHILENSIS Eemy. Common. Spring. 6, Pterostegia Fisch. & Mey. Involucre a single 2-lobed bract, subtending a single $ flower. Perigonium 6-parted, per- sistent. Stamens 6 (rarely fewer). Fruit a 3-angular akene, loosely enveloped by the en- (279) larged involucre. Prostrate, diffusely dicho- tomous; leaves opposite. . 1. P. DRYMARIOIDES Fisch & Mey. Com- mon. Spring. ORDER 3. PIPEEALES. Flowers sessile, in dense spikes or racemes, bracteate, without perigonium. Stem articulate. Family 1, SAURURE.E. Ovary central, compound of several follicu- larcarpidia; stigmas several. 1. Anemopsis Nutt. YEKBA MANSA. Flowers in a dense, conical spadix, with a several-leaved, persistent, colored involucre; each flower subtended by a colored bract. Sta- mens adnate to the base of the ovary. Ovary immersed into a rachis, 1-celled, with parietal placentae. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent from the apex. Leaves mostly radical. If. 1. A. CALIFORNICA Hook. Bracts and in- volucre white. San Pablo marshes. Summer. Herb and root-stock aromatic. Family 2. CERATOPHYLLEJE, Monoecious. Involucre 12-cleft; lobes linear, truncate. $ flowers : anthers oo, sessile. $ flowers: ovary 1-celled, 1-ovulate; style termi- nal; fruit a nutlet, with persistent style and involucre. If. Submersed aquatics; stem ar- (280) ticulate; leaves verticillate, sessile, dichoto- mous. Affinities doubtful. Further investigations even may remove them altogether from the Angiosperms and place them near the Gneta- cece, together with the Podostcmonece. 1. Ceratophyllum L- Only genus of the family. 1. C. DEMEESUM L. Common aquatic. DIYISION 2. MONOCOTYLEDONES. SERIES 1. COKOLLIFLOB.E. Perigonium 2x3 parted. Ovary 3 carpidia, syncarpous in different degrees. ORDER 1. GYNANDK^E. Family 1, ORCHIDEJE, Placentae parietal. 1. Epipactis Haller. Anther 1, persistent, not connate with the column; pollinia 2, attached to the common gland. Perigonium spreading; labellum geni- culate, inferior part concave. Ovary contorted only at base; column short, terete. 2 Cau- lescent, flowers in a loose, few-flowered raceme. 1. E, GIGANTEA Dougl. Sepals brownish- green, labellum white, dotted. San Francisco [extinct]. Camp Taylor. Summer. (281) 2, Spiranthes Richard LADIES' TUE&SES. Anther 1, persistent, not connate with the column; pollinia 2, attached to the common gland. Perigoniuni oblique ; labellum en- closed, canaliculate, embracing with its base the short column. 2. Flowers forming a spiral spike. 1. S. ROMANZOFFIANA Cham. Callosities of the lip smooth, obscure; flowers greenish- white. Presidio. Marin County. Autumn. 2. S. PORRIFOLIA Lindl. Callosities of the lip prominent, pointing downward ; flowers greenish-white. Marin County. Autumn. 3, Habenaria Willd. Anther 1, persistent, entirely connate witli the column; pollinia 2, divergent at the lower end. Perigonium ringent, galeate ; lip elon- gate, spreading, calcarate. Column short. 2 . Caulescent. 1. H. ELEGANS Bolander. Sepals 1-nerved; flowers green. Oakland hills. San Mateo. San Francisco [extinct]. Summer. 2. H, LEUC o STACK YS Watson. Sepals 3-nerved ; flowers white. Saucelito. San Francisco [extinct]. Summer. 4, Corallorhiza Haller! CORAL-ROOT. Anther 1, terminal, caducous, not adnate to to the column; pollinia 4, globose. Perigonium ( 282 ) ringent. Lip adnate to the column, serrate at base, 3-lobed; lateral lobes very small. Col- umn semi-terete. 11. Aphyllous and without chlorophyll; flowers in spikes. 1. C. MULTIFLOBA Nutt. Flowers calcarate; sepals greenish; lip white, dotted with red. Crystal Springs. San Mateo. San Francisco [extinct]. Summer. 2. C. BIGELOVII Watson. Spur 0, sepals purple. Tamalpais. Summer. 5. Cypripedium L. LADY'S SLIPPER. Anthers 2. Lip inflated. 2. Flowers few or solitary. 1. C. MONTANUM Dougl. Sepals brownish; lip pale, veined with purple. Santa Cruz Mountains. Summer. ORDER 2. EPIGYN^. Stamens free, 3 or 6. Ovary inferior. Family 1. IRIDACE^, Stamens 3, opposite to the external segments of the perigonium; anthers extrorse. 1. Sisyrinchium L- BLUE-EYED GRASS. Divisions of the perigonium equal. Sta- mens monadelphous. Style short; stigmas 3, filiform, involute, alternate with the stamens. Fruit a capsule, obovate. ( 283 ) 1. S. BELLUM Watson. Filaments united to the top; flowers blue with yellow center. 1. Common. Summer. 2. S. CALIFORNICUS Ait. Filaments united only at the base; flowers yellow. 2. Colma. Saucelito. Summer. 2, IrisL. Perigonium tubular at the base; segments equal, but differing in shape; the 3 external reflexed; the 3 internal erect. Stigrna 3-parted, petaloid. U- 1. I. MACROSIPHON Torr. Tube of the peri- gonium elongated, cylindrical; stem leafy; capsule ovoid, acute at each end; flowers varia- ble in color, but most frequently lilac-purple. Marin County. Spring. 2. I. DOUGLASIANA Herbert. Tube of the perigonium elongated, cylindrical; stem leafy; .capsule oblong, 3-gonal; flowers pale lilac, ex- ternal sepals with white center, lined with purple. Common. Spring. 3. I. LONGIPETALA Herbert. Tube of the perigonium short and funnel-shaped; stems al- most naked; flowers lilac, external sepals white, veined with violet; midrib yellow. Common. Spring. ORDER 3. COBONARiaS. Perigonium 6- parted in different degrees. Stamens 3 or 6. Ovary superior. (284) Family 1, SMILACE-2E. Anthers not extrorse. Ovary 3-celled, with central placenta. Fruit a berry. Testa of the seed not crustaceous. 1. Smilacina Desf. FALSE SOLOMON s SEAL. Divisions of the perigoniurn equal. Sta- mens inserted at the base of the segments. Cells of the ovary 2-ovulate; cells of the ripe fruit 1-seeded. It. Leaves sessile and am- plexicaul. "1. S. AMPLEXICAULIS Nutt. Flowers green- ish-white, panicled; stamens exceeding the perigonium; berry red. Common. Spring. 2. S. SESSILIPOLIA Nutt. Flowers in a sim- ple raceme, white; stamens shorter than the perigonium; berry dark. Common. Spring. 2, Maianthenium Mcench. Perigonium 4-parted. Stamens 4. U- Leaves petiolate. 1. M, BIFOLIUM DC. Flowers white; berry red. Saucelito. Spring. 3, Prosartes Don. Perigonium 6-sepalous, campanulate; seg- ments saccate at base. Stamens 6, attached at the base of the sepals, and deciduous with them. Anthers adnate, dehiscing laterally. Ovary 3-celled; cells 2-ovulate; style decidu- ( 285 ) . ous. Cells of the berry 1-2-seeded. It . Leaves alternate, sessile, amplexicaul. 1. P. MENZIESII Don. Perigonium gibbous at base, its sepals almost erect; flowers green; berry red. Lagunitas Creek. Spring. 2. P. HOOKERI Torr. Perigonium narrow at base, its sepals spreading above; flowers green; berry red. Common. Spring. 3, Trillium L- WAKE-KOBIN. Perigonium 6-sepalous; 3 external sepals herbaceous, persistent; 3 internal petaloid, marcescent. Stamens 6; anthers linear, lateral; connective broad. Ovary 3-celled, oo-ovulate; styles 3. .Berry oo-seeded. 2.' Leaves 3, verticillate; nervation reticulate. 1. T. SESSILE L. Flowers sessile; corolla variable; berry red. Common. Spring. Hhizome, and probably also berry, an acrid poison. 2. T. OVATUM Pursh. Flowers peduncu- late, white, gradually turning red. Tamal- pais. Camp Taylor. Spring. Poisonous. Family 2, LILIACE.3E. Anthers not extrorse. Ovary 3-celled. Testa of the seed crustaceous. 1, Clintonia Kaf. Perigonium 6-sepalous. campanulate, decid- uous. Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the . ( 286 ) sepals; anthers versatile. Style slender, decid- uous. Fruit a berry. It. Flowers on a scape. 1. 0. ANDBEWSIANA Torr. Flowers scarlet; berry blue. Los Gatos. Lagunitas Creek. Summer. 2- Chlorogalum Kunth. SOAP-BOOT. Perigonium 6-sepalous; sepals linear, persis- tent, marcescent. Stamens 6, adnate to the base of the sepals; anthers versatile. Cells of the ovary 2-ovulate; style filiform, deciduous. Fruit a membranaceous, 3-lobed, loculicidal capsule. It. Bulbous; inflorescence race- mose, paniculate. 1. C. POMERIDIANUM Kunth. Flowers white. Common. Summer. In former times used in washing linen. Old settlers consider it beneficial to the growth of the hair, like the bark of the Chilean Eosa- cous tree ' ' Quillaja." 3, Allium L. ONION. Perigonium persistent. Stamens 6, adnate to the base of the segments; filaments naked with dilated base ; anthers versatile. Ovary 3- lobed; cells 2-ovulate; style filiform, persis- tent; stigma simple. Fruit a loculicidal cap- sule. It; bulbous; scapigerous; inflorescence umbellate. (287) 1. A. UNIFOLIUM Kellogg. Capsule not crested; leaves linear, flat; flowers rose-color. Tamalpais. Berkeley. Summer. 2. A. ATTENUIFOLIUM Kellogg. Capsule 6- crested; leaves convolute, filiform; perigonium at last thin and lax; flowers pale. Colrna- Marin County. Summer. 3. A. SERBATUM Watson. Capsule 6-crested, crests narrow, central; perigonium fleshy, rigid; flowers rose-color. Colma. Lake Chabot. Summer, 4. A. LACUNOSUM Watson. Capsule bearing toward the summit 6 obtuse ridges. Peri- gonium fleshy, rigid; flowers rose-color. Al- ma. Summer. 4. Cyanotris Kaf. (Camassia Lindl.) CAMASS. Perigonium 6-sepalous, persistent; 5 supe- rior sepals ascending; inferior one deflexed. Filaments filiform, ascending; anthers versa- tile. Ovary ovate, 3-celled; cells oo-ovulate; style filiform, declinate; stigma slightly 3-cleft. Fruit a loculicidal, 3-angulate capsule; cells oo-seeded. 1. Bulbous; scapigerous; flow- ers in a simple raceme. 1. C. ESCULENTA Lindl. Flowers of differ- ent shades of blue. Marin County. Summer. The bulb has a taste like garlic, and is eaten bv the Indians. (288) 5, Brodiaea Smith. Perigoniura funnel-shaped, angulate, persis- tent. Stamens 3, alternating with as many staminodia. Hypogynous disc 3-lobed. Ovules oo. Style persistent; stigma 3-lobed. Cap- sule loculicidal. 2. Scapigerous; umbellate. 1. B. GEANDIFLOEA Smith. Leaves about equaling the scape; cells of the ovary 6-8- seeded; flowers purple to rose-color. Com- mon. Summer. 2. B. MINOE Watson. Cells of the ovary 3- seeded; flowers purple. Marin County. Sum- mer. 3. B. TEEEESTEIS Kellogg. Leaves consid- erably longer than the short scape ; cells of the ovary 6-8-seeded; flowers purple. Crystal Springs. Summer. 4. B. CONGESTA Smith. Flowers subcapi- tate; segments of perigonium twice longer than the tube; flowers purple. Common. Summer. 6, Triteleia Hook. Perigonium salver-shaped, persistent. Fer- tile stamens 6; filaments short, 3 inserted on the throat, and 3 half way down the tube. Ovary stipitate; ovules GO. Capsule loculici- dal. It. Scapigerous umbellate; capitate. 1. T. CAPITATA Benth. Stamens in 2 rows; flowers subcapitate; segments of perigonium (289) little longer than the tube; flower blue, vary- ing from purple to white. Common. Sum- mer. 2. T. LAXA Watson. Stamens in 2 rows; flowers umbellate; tube of perigonium exceed- ing the lobes; flowers blue. Common. Sum- mer. 3. T. PEDUNCULARIS Watson. Stamens in 2 rows; flowers umbellate; lobes of perigonium exceeding the tube; flowers purple, sometimes white. Tiburon. Summer. 4. T. IXIOIDES Watson. Stamens almost in a simple row, inner filaments exceeding the 3 outer ones; flowers yellow, marked with pur- ple. San Rafael. Summer. 5. A. LACTEA Watson. Stamens almost in a simple row; all six filaments alike; flowers pale with green nerve. Common. Summer. 7. Muilla Watson. Perigonium subrotate, persistent. Stamens 6, inserted near the base; anthers versatile. Ovary sessile, oo-ovulate; style persistent, cla- vate, at length splitting. Capsule globose, loculicidal. 1. Scapigerous; umbellate. 1. M. MAEITIMA Watson. Sepals white with 2 green nerves. Common. Summer. 8, I ilium L. LILY. Perigonium 6-sepalous; sepals equal, spread- ing with a nectariferous groove near the base, 13 ( 290 ) deciduous. Ovary oo-ovulate; style undivided; stigma 3-angular. 2 . Bulbous. Pedicels bractless. 1. L . PABDALINUM Kellogg, Flowers orange- color, with purple dots. Marin County. Con- tra Costa. Summer. 9, Fritillaria L. Perigonium deciduous; 6-sepalous, campanu- late, with a smooth nectariferous pit near the base of each sepal. Ovary oo-ovulate; style 3- parted. 1C. Bulbous. Flowers bracteate. 1. F. LILIACEA Lindl. Leaves in a single whorl near the base of the stem; capsule stipi- tate, with obtuse angles; flowers greenish- white. South San Francisco. Mission Hills. Lake Chabot. Summer. 2. F. LANCEOLATA Pursh. Leaves in 1 to 3 whorls on the upper part of the stem ; flowers dark purple, mottled with yellow. Common. Summer. Bulb of this species probably poisonous, like that of its European congener F. Melea- gris. 10. Calochortus Pursh. MAEIPOSA. Perigonium 6-sepalous, deciduous; 3 external sepals smaller and lanceolate; 3 internal, broad, with a conspicuous nectariferous gland near the base. Ovary oo-ovulate; style 0; stigmas 3, reflexed, persistent. 1C. Bulbous. (291) 1. C. ALBUS Dougl. Flowers subglobose, nodding; glandular pit of sepals shallow; with 4 transverse scales; flowers white. San Mateo. Marin County. Summer. 2. PULCHELLUS Dougl. Flowers subglobose, nodding; glandular pit of sepals deep and cov- ered by stiff appressed hairs; flowers yelloAV. Napa. Summer. 3. C. LILACINUS Kellogg. Flowers pale-lilac; erect; pedicels slender, recurved in fruit. Oakland Resorvoir. Lagunitas. Summer. 4. C. LUTEUS Dougl. Flowers and capsules erect on stout pedicels; glands of the sepals rounded and about as broad as the claw; color of inner sepals variable (yellow, white or lilac) marked with purple. Common. Sum- mer. 5. C. VENUSTUS Benth. Flowers and cap- sules erect on stout pedicels; gland of the inner sepals much narrower than the claw; color of inner sepals white or lilac, with a reddish spot near the top, and a purple spot bordered with yellow. Contra Costa Range. Summer. Family 3. MELANTHACE.E, Anthers extrorse. Ovary 3-celled; styles 3. Capsule septicidal. Testa of the seeds not crus- taceous. (292) 1. ScoliopUS Torr. Perigonium 6-sepalous, spreading, decidu- ous; 3 external sepals lanceolate; 3 internal linear. Stamens 3, inserted at the base of the external sepals; anthers 2-celled, attached above the base. Ovary 3-quetrous, 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae; ovules 2-seriate on each; styles 3, linear, persistent, recurved, canalicu- late. Capsule irregularly d e h i sc e n t. K . Leaves 2. Peduncles long, 1 -flowered, ar- ranged in an umbel. 1. S. BIGELOVII Torr. Outer sepals dark purple, inner sepals pale, lined with purple. Saucelito. Tamalpais. Spring. 2, Zygadenus Michx. ZYGADENE. Perigonium 6-sepalous; sepals unguiculate, 2-glandular at the base, persistent; stamens 6, inserted on the claw, anthers reniform. Ovary 3-celled, oo-ovulate, styles 3, divergent; cap- sule septicidal. !. Bulbous. Leaves lanceo- late. Inflorescence racemose. 1. Z. FREMONTII Torr. Outer sepals ungui- culate ; flowers greenish-white. Marin County. Crystal Springs. Spring. Has the reputation of being poisonous. 2. Z. VENENOSUS Watson. All sepals ungui- culate; flowers greenish-white. Common. Spring. (293) Has the reputation of being poisonous, but is certainly not so to hogs, who devour its bulbs greedily and without any injury to them- selves. 3, Xerophyllum Rich. Perigonium 6-sepalous; sepals sessile, per- sistent; 3 internal ones smaller. Stamens in- serted on the base of sepals; anthers laterally dehiscent. Ovary 3-celled; cells few-ovulate; styles 3, recurved, persistent. Capsule septici- clal. 2. Hhizomatous. Leaves linear, elon- gate. Inflorescence racemose. 1. X. TENAX Nutt. Flowers white. --Tamal- pais. Wright's Station. Spring. This plant is remarkable by its flowering plentifully at certain years and then disappear- ing altogether for a long period. This circum- stance is probably owing to the fact that the plant requires a fixed age before flowering and then dies after having ripened its seeds. We find the same peculiarity in many species of Bamboo, in some palms, viz. : Corypha, and in Agave, all of which plants are annuals in a botanical sense, but require a number of years to complete their biological cycle. Family 4, JUNCACE^l, Perigonium glumaceous. Anthers basifixed. (291) 1, Juncus L- BOG-RUSH. Perigonium 6-sepalous; 3 external sepals carinate. Ovary 3-celled; cells oo-ovulate. Capsule 3-valved, with central placentae, oo- seeded. Mostly aquatics. 1. J. KOBUSTUS Watson. Stem naked. In- florescence lateral; flowers of the panicle branches clustered; leaves terete and pungent. It. Santa Clara. Summer. 2. J. LESEURII Bolander. Stem naked, te- rete; inflorescence lateral; flowers of the com- pound panicle branches solitary; leaves 0; capsule oblong, acute, but not rostrate. 2. Presidio. Summer. 3. J. BALTICUS Dethard. Stem naked, te- rete; inflorescence lateral; flowers of the com- pound panicle branches solitary; leaves 0; capsule oblong, rostrate. Common. Summer. 4. J. COMPRESSUS HBK. Stem naked, somewhat flattened; inflorescence lateral; flow- ers of the loosely few-flowered panicle solitary; leaves terete, sometimes 0; capsule oblong. l{. . Santa Clara. Summer. 5. J. BREWERI Engelmann. Stem naked, somewhat flattened; inflorescence lateral; flow- ers of the small, but dense panicle, solitary on their branches; leaves 0; capsule oblong. 2. Santa Cruz. Summer. (295) 6. J. EFFUSUS L. Stem naked; inflores- cence lateral ; flowers of the panicle solitary on their branches, triandrous; leaves 0: capsule clavate obtuse. 2_. Presidio. Summer. 7. J. PATENS Meyer. Stem naked; inflores- cence lateral ; flowers on panicle branches sol- itary, hexandrous; leaves 0; capsule subgiobose. It. Common. Summer. 8. J. BUFONIUS L. Stem leafy, branched; inflorescence terminal; flowers remote, hexand- rous. 0. Common. Summer. 9. J. KELLOGGI Engelmann. Stem leafy, branched; inflorescence terminal; peduncles 1 or 2-flowered; flowers triandrous. 0. San Francisco. Spring. 10. J. TENUIS Willd. Stem naked, simple; inflorescence terminal, a diffuse cyme of soli- tary flowers. It- Lake Chabot. Summer. 11. J. FALCATUS Meyer. Stem leafy; leaves sheathing, flat. It . Lone Mountain. San Fran- cisco. Summer. 12. J. XIPHIOIDES Meyer. Stems leafy, an- cipital; leaves equitant, laterally compressed; flowers capitate; heads paniculate; anthers ex- ceeding the filaments. It- Coast Range. Sum- mer. 13. J. PH^OCEPHALUS Engelm. Stem leafy, ancipital; leaves equitant, laterally compressed; flowers capitate; heads paniculate; anthers ex- (296) ceeding the filaments. It- Coast Range. Crystal Springs. Summer. 2, Luzula DC. WOOD-KUSH. Perigonium 6-sepalous, all the segments flat. Ovary 1-celled, 3-ovulate. Capsule 3-valved, 3-seeded. 1C- 1. L. COMOSA Meyer. Common. Spring. SERIES 2. MICEANTH^E. Flowers incon- spicuous. Inflorescence oo-flowered. ORDER 1. GLUMACE^E. Flowers in the axils of bracts, and arranged in spikelets. Spathes 0. Perigonium depauperate. Ovary 1-celled, 1-seeded. Fruit a caryopsis, with en- dosperm. Family 1, GRAMINE^E, Stem articulate. Leaves distichous, alter- nate, sheathing, with ligule (stipule) at base. Flowers protected by an anterior and a poste- rior bractlet (palet). Spikelet generally pro- tected by one or two bracts (glumes). Stamens usually 3. Pistils 2. 1. Panicum ^- PANIC-GRASS. Spikelets 2-flowered; upper one , lower re- duced to a single palet. Glumes unequal, the lower smaller. Leaves flattened. 1. P. SANGUINALE L. Spikelets in pairs; one sessile, the other pedicillate; crowded on ( 297 ) one side of the simple flattened branches, which are digitately clustered at the top of the culm. 0. Common. Summer. Probably introduced from Europe. 2. P. AGEOSTOIDES Spreng. Spikelets dis- posed in panicles; panicle elongated, racemose. 2 . San Jose. Summer. 3. P. CAPILLAEE L. Panicle diffuse and spreading; spikelets scattered, disposed in panicles and pointed. 0. San Francisco. Summer. 4. P. DICHOTOMUM L. Panicle diffuse and spreading. Spikelets scattered, disposed in panicles and obtuse. 0. Marin County. Summer. 5. P. CEUSGALLI L. Spikelets crowded on the secund, spikelike branches of the panicle. 0. Common. Summer. Introduced from Europe. 2, Phleum L- TIMOTHY. Spikelets 1-flowered, 8 . Glumes 2; aristate; the upper palet sometimes bearing at its base the rudiment of a second flower. Leaves flat- tened. Panicles spikelike. 1. P. PEATENSE L. Awn shorter than its glume. 11. Common. Summer. Native of Europe. 2. P. ALPINUM L. Awn about as long as its glume. 1C- San Francisco. Summer. ISA (298) 3, Alopecurus L. FOXTAIL. Spikelet 1 -flowered, . Glumes 2, navicu- lar, connate at their base; lower palet carinate; upper wanting. 2: Leaves flattened. Pani- cles spikelike. 1. A. FBATENSIS L. Culm erect. Niles. Summer. 2. A. GENICULATUS L. Culm procumbent, ascending from the lower nodes. Marin Coun- ty. Summer. 4, Beckmannia Host. CATERPILLAR GRASS. Spikelets 1 or 2-flowered. Flowers $ , sessile. Glumes 2, navicular; lower palet ovate, 3- nerved, embracing the upper 2-cleft, 2-nerved, one. 1. Leaves flattened. Spike sessile; spikelets alternate, sessile, 1-sided, 2-seriate. 1. B. EEUC^FOBMIS Host. Marin County. Summer. 5, Phalaris L- CANARY GRASS. Spikelets 3 -flowered, upper 3 , 2 lower neu- tral, depauperate. Glumes 2, carinate. Palets 2, navicular; the lower larger and embracing the upper. Spikelets pedicillate. Leaves flat- tened. 1. P. CANAEIENSIS L. Panicle dense and spikelike; glumes broad with a broad keel. . Common near houses. Spring. (299) "Canary grass." Native of the Mediterranean region; used as bird's food and probably es- caped with the rubbish of birds' cages. 2. P. INTERMEDIA Bosq. Panicle dense and spike-like; glumes pointed with a broad keel. . Common. Spring. 3. P. AMETHYSTINA Trin. Panicle dense and spike-like; glumes with a narrow keel. 1C Contra Costa hills. Summer. 4. P. ARUNDINACLE L. Panicle branched; glumes not all carinate, pointed, 3-nerved. 2. Niles. Summer. 6. Hierochloa Gmelin. HOLY GRASS. Spikelets3-flowered; flowers sessile. Glumes equal, carinate. Upper flower S ; lower palet carinate; upper 1-nerved. 2 lower flowers 6 ; lower palet carinate, upper 2-carinate. 1. Spikelets pedicillate. Leaves flattened. 1. H. MACROPHYLLA Thurb. Tamalpais. Summer. Fragrant grass, perhaps containing cumarine like our Galium triftorum and the European Asperula odorata (Waldmeister). 7. Anthoxanthum L- SWEET VERNAL-GKASS. Spikelets 3-flowered. Glumes 2, carinate; lower glume shorter, 1-nerved; upper 3-nerved. Upper flower $ , with 2 navicular palets with- out awns; lower palet wrapt round the upper. (300) Stamens 2. Lower 2 flowers neutral, with a single, aristate, canaliculate palet. 2. Leaves flattened. Panicle contracted. 1. A. ODOKATUM L. Marin County. Sum- mer. Fragrant grass, probably introduced from Europe. 8, Polypogon Desf. BEARD GRASS. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes 2, carinate, aristate, much longer than the flower. Palets 2, upper 2-carinate, lower truncate at the apex. Leaves flattened. 1. P. MONSPELIENSIS Desf . Glumes notched, their awns 2 or 3 times their own length. 0. Coast Kange. Spring. 2. P. LITTOEALIS Smith. Glumes tapering into an awn about their own length. 2f. San Francisco. Summer. 9. AgrostlS L. BENT-GRASS. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes 2, carinate, awnless, larger than the flowers. Palets 2; lower sometimes aristate; upper 2-carinate, sometimes wanting. Tufted. Leaves sometimes involute. Panicles with verticillate branches. 1. A. ALBA L (vulgar is With). Glumes nearly equal, upper palet nearly half the length of the lower. !. Common, although not in- digenous. Summer. Native of Europe. (301) 2. A. VERTICILLATA Vill. G 1 u m e s nearly equal; upper palet nearly as long as the lower. 11 . San Francisco. Summer. 3. A. EXAEATA Trin. Glumes nearly equal; upper palet minute, about the length of the ovary ; lower palet 5-nerved and marked on the back by a longitudinal furrow. It . San Fran- cisco. Summer. 4. A. SCABBA Willd. Glumes unequal, the lower longer, acute and scabrous; upper palet very minute, sometimes 0. 0. San Francisc- co. Spring. 10, Gastridium Pal. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes 2, ventricose at the base, much larger than the flower and closed. Palets 2; the inferior sometimes aris- tate, embracing the superior 2-carinate one. 0. Leaves flattened. Panicles contracted, spikelike. 1. G. AUSTRALE Beauv. San Francisco. Spring. 11. Stipa L- FEATHER-GRASS. Spikelets 1-flowered, flowers stipitate. Glumes 2,membranaceous, larger than the flow- er. Palets 2, involute, superior shorter, 2- nerved; inferior aristate, with a simple twisted awn. Ovary stipitate; caryopsis terete, and closely wrapt in the palets. H Spikelets pe- dicillate, paniculate. (302) 1. S. SETIGERA Presl. Panicle open, with spreading rays; lower palet tuberculate, only the nerves hairy. Common. Summer. 2. S. EMINENS Cas. Panicle open, with spreading rays; lower palet hairy all over. Coast Ranges. Summer. 3. S. VIRIDULA Trin. Panicle narrow, with short erect rays. Coast Range. Summer. All the species of Stipa are by their long awns more or less injurious to the wool of sheep, which they make impure and intractable. Some species even endanger the life of the animals, as their awns are liable to work their way from the wool through the skin into the lungs. 12. Deyeuxia Clar. (Calamagrostis Adans). Spikelets 1-flowered, flowers sessile, with a bearded base and the rudiment of a superior flower, reduced to a plumose pedicel. Glumes 2, canaliculate, awnless. Palets 2; inferior aristate, superior 2-carinate. 1. Leaves flat- tened. Panicles branched. 1. D. ALEUTICA Trin . San Francisco. Sum- mer. 13. Spartina Scbreb. MARSH GRASS. Spikelets 1-sided, sessile, 1-flowered; flower naked, sessile. Glumes 2, carinate, awnless; the upper embracing the lower, which is much smaller. Palets 2, awnless; the lower com- pressed; the upper larger navicular. Ovary (303) sessile. 2. with creeping rhizome, rigid, and with involute leaves. 1. S. STRICTA Both. Salt marshes. San Francisco. Summer. 14. Cynodon Rich. BERMUDA GRASS. Spikelets 1-sided, sessile, 1-flowered, often with rudiment of a superior flower. Glumes 2, carinate, awnless, the upper embracing the lower. Palets 2; the lower carinate, acute. Ovary sessile. If. Bhizome creeping. Leaves flattened. Spikes in our species digitate. 1. C. DACTYLON Pers. San Jose. Summer. 15, Danthonia DC. Spikelets 2-oo -flowered; rachis hairy. Flow- ers distichous, the uppermost depauperate. Glumes 2, awnless, somewhat longer than the flower. Palets 2; upper 2-carinate; lower con- cave, ao-nerved, 2-cleft, aristate. Ovary stipi- tate; caryopsis compressed, free. It- Turfy. Leaves flattened. Spikelets pedicellate, pan- iculate. 1. D. CALiFOBNiCABolander. Contra Costa hills. Summer. 16. Avena L OAT. Spikelets 3-flowered, the uppermost depau- perate. Glumes 2, awnless. Palets 2; lower 2-cleft, aristate; upper 2-carinate, awnless. (304) Ovary sessile, hirsute at the apex; caryopsis terete, adherent to the upper palet. 0. 1. A. FATUA L. Common. Summer. 17, Trisetum Kunth. Spikelets 2-4-flowered. the uppermost depau- perate. Glumes 2, carinate, awnless, shorter than the flower. Palets 2; lower 2-dentate, aristate. Ovary sessile; caryopsis compressed, free. Leaves flattened. 1. T. CANESCENS Buckl. Spikelets 2 or 3- flowered, narrow; lower glume narrow, con- siderably shorter than the brojid ovate upper one. 0. Common. Spring. 2. T. BARBATUM Steud. Spikelets 3-5-flow- ered, lar^e, much flattened; both glumes nar- row, the lower but little shorter than the up- per one. 0. Common. Spring. 18, Aira L. HAIR-GRASS. Spikelets 2-flowered, often with the rudiment of a superior one. Flowers sessile. Glumes 2, carinate, awnless, larger than the flower. Palets 2; the lower 2-cleft, dorsally aristate. Ovary sessile; caryopsis free. 1. A. (LESPITOSA L. Glumes not longer than the florets; Spikelets much compressed. 1. San Francisco. Summer. 2. A. HOLCIFORMIS Steud. Glumes not longer than the florets; spikelets nearly terete. 1C- Common. Summer. (305) 3. ELONGATA Hook. Glumes longer than the florets; panicle long and narrow, its rays unequal, distant, mostly appressed. 1. San Francisco. Summer. 4. A. DANTHONOIDES Trin. Glumes longer than the florets; panicle loose and open, the lowermost rays in threes, the upper in pairs or solitary. 1. Oakland. Summer. 19, Arrhenatherum Beauv. Spikelets 3-flowered : lower $ ; middle $ ; upper neutral. Glumes 2, concave, awnless; the upper larger than the lower. Palets of 6 flower 2; lower dorsally aristate near the base; upper 2-carinate, awnless. Palets of $ flower 2; lower dorsally aristate near the apex, upper adnate to the caryopsis. If. Leaves flattened. Panicles with verticillate branches. Spikelets pedicillate. 1. A. AVENACEUM Beauv. Common. Sum- mer. European species, probably introduced as a fodder grass. 20. Holcus L. Spikelets 2-flowered ; flowers pedicillate ; lower g ; upper $ . Glumes 2, navicular. Palets of the flower 2; lower navicular, awn- less; upper 2-carinate. Ovary sessile, pyri- form; caryopsis free. Palets of the $ flower 2; upper 2-carinate ; lower aristate near the (306) apex. Leaves flattened. Panicles branched. Spikelets pedicellate. 1. H. LANATUS L. It- Common. Summer. 21, Phragmites Trin. REED. Spikelets 3-6-flowered; flowers distichous, somewhat remote; the lower one $ , the rest . Glumes 2, carinate, acute; the upper larger. Palets 2; lower elongate, subulate, upper 2- carinate. Ovary sessile; caryopsis free. 2. Aquatic. Leaves broad, flattened. Panicles diffused. 1. P. COMMUNIS Trin. Common on river banks. Summer. 22. Dactylis k. ORCHARD GRASS. Spikelets 1-sided, 2-7-flowered. Glumes 2, carinate, mucronate aristate. Palets 2; upper 2-carinate, lower 5-nerved, mucronate aristate; carina ciliate. Ovary sessile. Caryopsis free. It. Leaves carinate. Panicles glomerate, 1- sided. 1. D. GLOMERATA L. Introduced from Europe as a fodder-grass. 23. Koeleria Pers. Spikelets 2-7-flowered. Flowers distichous. Glumes 2, carinate, awnless, unequal. Palets 2; lower enlarged, upper 2-carinate, 2-cleft. Caryopsis terete, free. Leaves flattened. Pani- (307) cles contracted, spikelike. Spikelets pedicel- late. 1. K. CRISTATA Pers. 1. San Francisco. Summer. 24. Melica L. MKLIC-GRASS. Spikelets 3-5-flowered, 2 inferior flowers $ , the rest depauperate. Glumes 2, concave, awn- less, unequal. Palets 2, sessile, smooth. Ca- ryopsis terete, free. Leaves flattened. Spike- lets pedicellate. 1. M. IMPERFECTA Trin. Glumes nearly equaling the florets; lower palet scarious mar- gined, 7-nerved; spikelets one $ floret and one or two sterile. 2. Cemetery. Summer. 2. M. BULBOSA Geyer. Glumes nearly equaling the florets; lower palet scarious-mar- gined, 7-nerved; spikelets contain 2 or 8 Q florets. -2. Coast Bange Summer. 3. M. BROMOIDES Gray. Glumes distinctly shorter than the lower floret; lower palet acute. 2 . Marin County. Summer. 4. M. HARFORDI Bolander. Glumes dis- tinctly shorter than the lower floret; lower palet truncate. 2. Nicasio. Summer. 25. Brizopymm Link. (Dlstichlis Raf.). Dioecious. Spikelets compressed, co-flower- ed. Glumes 2, narrow, carinate. Palets 2: lower coriaceous, cc-nerved, not carinate; up- (308) per carinate with involute margins. Ovary stipitate; caryopsis obovate, free. It. Creep- ing. Leaves rigid, distichous, spreading. Panicle spicate-racemose. 1. B. MARITIMUM Raf. San Francisco. Salt marshes. Summer. 26, Lophochlaena Nees. Spikelets oo-flowered. Flowers $ . Rachis articulate, deciduous. Glumes 2, shorter than the flowers, upper 3-nerved, lower smaller, 1- nerved. Palets 2 : lower chartaceous, oo-nerved, membranaceous at the apex, 2-lobed, aristate from the cleft; upper complicate, chartaceous, margin and apex membranaceous, 2-nerved, 2-carinate, margin dentate, apex emarginate. Caryopsis compressed, 2-horned. Leaves short. Panicle secund (one-sided), simply racemose. 1. L. CALIFORNICA Nees. 0. Contra Costa. Spring. 27, Glyceria R- Br. Spikelets oo-flowered. Glumes 2, obtuse, the lower shorter. Palets 2 : upper 2-carinate, lower concave, ovate, rotund, 7-nerved. Cary- opsis free. Aquatics. Leaves flattened. Branches of the panicle semi-verticillate. 1. G. PAUCIFLORA Presl. 0. San Fran- cisco. Spring. (309) 28, Poa L. Spikelets2- oo-flowered. Glumes 2, obtuse. Palets 2, both deciduous, lower carinate, upper 2-carinate. Ovary sessile. 1. P. DISTANS Grieseb. Lower palet round- ed; all leaves short and narrow, mostly convo- lute. If. San Francisco. Summer. 2. P. CALIFORNICA Munro Ms. Dioecious; lower palet rounded; radical leaves half as long as the culm, mostly flat; culm-leaves short, frequently reduced to a mucro. If. San Francisco. Summer. 3. P. TENUIFOLIA Nutt. Lower palet round- ed; radical leaves exceedingly narrow, mucro- nate; culm-leaves but little wider.-. San Francisco. Spring. 4. P. SCABRELLA Gray. Dioecious; lower palet rounded, leaves carinate. If. Oak- land. Summer. 5. P. ANNUA L. Lower palet acute; branches of the panicle single or in pairs; all leaves flat. 0. Common. Spring. 6. P. PRATENSIS L. Florets $ ; lowei palet acute; branches of the panicle mostly in fives; the entire plant smooth, only the margins of the leaves slightly scabrous. If. Common. Summer. 7. P. TRIVIALIS L. Florets : lower palet acute; branches of the panicle mostly in fives; the entire plant rough. 2f . Common. Summer. (310) 8. P. DOUGLASII Nees. Dioecious ; lower palet acute; radical leaves setaceously convo- lute. 2. San Francisco. Sand dunes. Sum- mer. 29. Eragrostis Beanv. Spikelets 2- oo-flowered. Glumes 2, obtuse. Palets 2; upper palet persistent. 1. E. PO^EOIDES Beauv. 0. San Francisco- Spring. Probably introduced from Europe. 30, Briza L. QUAKING-GRASS. Spikelets oo-flowered; flowers imbricate, dis- tichous. Glumes 2, concave, rounded, ventri- cose. Palets 2: lower rotund, concave, with cordate base; upper much smaller, 2-carinate. Caryopsis compressed. Leaves flattened. Spikelets pedicellate, paniculate. 1. B. MEDIA L. 2. Common. Summer. 31, Festuca L- FESCUK GRASS. Spikelets 2- ao-flowered ; flowers distichous. Glumes 2, carinate, unequal. Palets 2; lower not carinate, mucronate, sometimes aristate; upper 2-carinate. Ovary sessile, smooth. 1. F. MYUEUS L. Monandrous; panicle con- tracted, spikelike, narrow, rays appressed ; lower glume minute; upper glume half as long as the lowest floret. . San Francisco. Spring. (311) 2. F. TENELA Wild. Diandrous; panicle contracted, spikelike, lower rays in unequal pairs; glumes acute, the lower at least half as long as the upper. . San Francisco. Spring. 3. F. MICBOSTACHYS Nutt. Monandrous ; panicle contracted spike like ; branches not appressed; glumes acute, the lower 1-nerved and smaller than the 3-nerved upper; upper glume almost as long as the lowest floret. 0. Common. Spring. 4. F. OVINA L. Panicles loose, not spike- like; rays mostly solitary; glumes about equal; lower palet indistinctly nerved. 1C . Coast Range. Summer. 5. F. SCABRELLA Torr. Panicles loose, not spikelike; lower rays distant in pairs; upper glume somewhat longer than the lower and half as long as the lowest floret; lower palet mem- branaceous, distinctly 5-nerved. 2 . Oakland. Summer. 6. F. PAUCIFLORA Thunb. Panicles loose, not spikelike; lower rays distant in pairs; glumes narrow, the upper twice as large as the lower; lower palet distinctly 5-nerved. 1. San Francisco. Summer. 32, Bromus L. BROME-GRASS. Spikelets 3- oo-flowered; flowers distichous; glumes 2, unequal. Palets 2: lower rotund, convex, sometimes aristate ; upper 2-carinate, (312) the carina ciliate. Ovary sessile ;. hissute at the apex. Leaves flattened; spikelets pedicel- late, paniculate. 1. B. MAXIMUS Desf . Lower glume 1-nerved, upper 3-nerved; glumes hyaline, the upper al- most equalling the floret ; lower palet scab- rous. 0. San Francisco. Mission. Spring. 2. B. SECALINUS L. Lower glume 3-5-nerved, upper 5-7 -nerved; lower palet, inside rounded, convex, outside, carinate; rays of the panicle spreading, even when in fruit.- . Mission. Spring. 3. B. RACEMOSUS L. Lower glume 3-5-nerved, upper 5-7 -nerved; lower palet, inside rounded, convex, outside, carinate; rays of the panicle contracted when in fruit. 0. Oakland. Spring. 4. B. CILIATUS L. Lower glume 1-nerved, upper 3-nerved; glumes acute; the upper more than half the length of the lower floret; lower palet silky. 1. San Francisco. Summer. 5. B. GKANDIFLORUS Hook (Ceratochloa Beauv.). Lower glume 5-nerved, the upper 9-nerved; lower palet compressed, carinate. H . Nicasio. Summer. 33, Lepturus R. Br. Spikelets 1-flowered, with rudiment of a su- perior flower. Glumes 2, rigid, subulate in the terminal spikelet opposite, in the lateral (313) ones collateral; lower glume sometimes want- ing. Palets shorter than the glumes, the lower enclosing the upper. 0. Leaves narrow and flattened. Spikelets solitary, immersed into alternate excavations of the rachis, the inflores- cence representing a slender spike. 1. L. INCUBVATUS Trin. Tiburon. Marin County. Spring. Native of the Mediterranean region. 34, Lolium L. Darnel. Spikelets co-flowered, flowers imbricate, dis- tichous. Glumes 2, blunt, the posterior often wanting. Palets 2: the lower concave, some- times aristate; upper 2-carinate with the cary- opsis adhering. Leaves flattened. Spikelets solitary, immersed into alternate excavations of the rachis, placed edgewise with it, and rep- resenting a single spike. 1. L. PERENNE L. Glume much shorter than the spikelet. It- Common. Summer. Native of Europe, but frequently escaped from cultivation. 2. L. TEMULENTUM L. Glume as long as the spikelet. 0. Common. Spring. Has the reputation of being a narcotic poi- son, but varies considerably in regard to inten- sity and character of the symptoms caused by it. H (314) 35, Triticum L- WHEAT. Spikelets 3- co-flowered. Flowers distich- ous, placed with their flat sides to the rachis. Glumes 2, lower sometimes wanting. Palets 2, lower rounded, upper 2-carinate, the carinate ciliate. Leaves flattened. Spikelets solitary, immersed into the excavations of the rachis, representing a single spike. 1. T. REPENS L. It- Common. Summer. 36. Hordeum L. BAET.EY. Spikelets 1-flowered, with the rudiment of a superior floret, ternate; the central spikelet , the lateral ones depauperate. Glumes 2, linear- lanceolate, aristate; all anterior. Palets 2; lower concave, aristate. Leaves flattened. Spikelets representing a single spike. 1. H. NODOSUM L. Glumes all setaceous from a broad base. 0. Oakland. Sum- mer. 2. H. MURINUM L. Glumes of the central spikelet lanceolate with a long awn and ciliate; outer glumes of the lateral spikelets setaceous; inner glumes like those of the central spikelet. 0. San Francisco. Spring. Native of Europe. 3. H. JUBATUM L. Glumes capillary, run- ning into very long awns. 0. Marin County. Summer. " Squirrel-tail." (315) 37. Elyinus L. WILD-RYE. Spikelets 1- oo-flowered, all $ ; florets dis- tichous, the uppermost rudimentary. Glumes 2, equal, anterior. Palets 2, low or concave. Ovary hirsute. 2. Leaves flattened. Spike- lets representing a single spike. 1. E. ARENARIUS L. G 1 u m e s acuminate, shorter than the spikelet; lower palet carinate towards the cuspidate tip; leaves pungent. Cliff House. Summer. Introduced under the name " Esparto Grass," to keep the sand dunes from moving. 2. E. CONDENSATUS Presl. Glumes subu- late-setaceous, shorter than the spikelet; lower palet 5-nerved, mucronate, sometimes shortly aristate; leaves ample, flat. San Francisco. Summer. 3. E. SIBIRICUS L. Glumes linear, 3-5- nerved, acute or shortly aristate; lower palet aristate, the awn longer than the palet. San Francisco. Summer. 4. E. SITANION Schult. Glumes very long, sometimes 2-parted, ending in several very long awns. San Kafael. Summer. 38, Gymnostichum Schreb. BOTTLE-BRUSH GRASS. Spikelets 1-4-flowered; florets remote, the uppermost rudimentary. Glumes rudimentary, often wanting. Palets 2, lower aristate, em- (316) bracing the upper. 7 . Leaves flattened. Spikelets representing a spike. 1. G. CALIFORNICUM Bolander. Saucelito. Summer. Family 2, CYPERACE^l, Stem a calamus. Leaves all radical, sheath- ing but not split at their base; lamina parallel- veined. Anthers basifixed. 1, Car ex L SEDGE. Flowers diclinic. $ spikelets 1-flowered ; glume 1, external, ? spikelets 1-flowered with 2 glumes; the external like that of the $ ; the internal transformed into a utricle including the ovary. 1C. Leaves flattened. Stem tri- quetrous. Spikelets collected in diclinic or androgynous spikes. 1. C. MABCIDA Boott. Inflorescence the compound of many sessile spikes; spikes irregu- larly androgynous, sometimes the whole inflor- escence ? ; stigmas 2; utricle (perigynium) ovate with a short 2-dentate apex; spikes al- most black. Santa Clara marshes. Summer. 2. C. DOUGLASII Boott. Dioecious ; inflor- escence the compound of many sessile spikes; utricle (perigynium) ovate, acuminate into a slender beak; spikes pale -brown. Marin County. Summer. (317) 3. C. MUBICATA L. Inflorescence the com- pound of many sessile spikes; $ spikes or androgynous spikes at the top; inflorescence oblong, the compound of 4-10 spherical spikes; stigmas 2; bracts ovate, aristate, longer than the spikes; spikes chestnut-color. Marin County. Summer. 4. C. GLOMERATA Thunb. Inflorescence the compound of many sessile spikes; 6 or an- drogynous spikes at the top; inflorescence elon- gated, the compound of co-small rounded spikes; stigmas 2; bracts setaceous, longer than the spikes; spikes brown. Common. Summer. 5. C. PANICULATA L. Inflorescence the com- pound of many sessile spikes; <3 or androgy- nous spikes on the top; inflorescence almost linear, the compound of oblong spikes (some* times branched); stigmas 2; bracts setaceous; spikes brown or pale. Presidio. Summer. 6. C. F E s T i v A Dewey. Inflorescence the compound of many sessile spikes, forming a capitulum; 6 spikes at the bottom or centre; spikes brown. Oakland. Summer. 7. C. DEWEYANA Schwein. Spikes of the inflorescence distinct, androgynous; 6 florets at the base; stigmas 2; spikes pale. Napa Valley. Summer. 8. C. BIFIDA Boott. Spikes of inflorescence distinct, the uppermost androgynous with <3 florets on the base, the rest of the spikes ? , ( 318 ) stigrnas3; spikes dark-colored. Marin county. Summer. 9. C. NUDATA Bolander. Spikes unisexual, the upper 6 , the rest ? (sometimes androgy- nous) stigmas 2; 3 spike single ^sometimes an- drogynous); utricle (perigynium) elliptic, com- pressed, slenderly nerved. Tamalpais. Sum- mer. 10. C. AQUATILIS Wahl. Spikes unisexual?' the upper 1-4 spikes <3 , the lower (2-5) ? ; stigmas 2; utricle (perigynium) elliptic, stipi- tate, nerveless. Wright's Station. Summer. 11. C. SITCHENSIS Prescott. Spikes unisex- ual; the upper 1-4 spikes 3 , the rest (3-5) ? ; stigmas 2, utricle (perigynium) orbicular, tur- gid, stipitate, coriaceous, nerveless. Presidio. Summer. 12. C. JAMESII Torr. Spikes unisexual; upper 1-4 spikes $ , the rest (3-4) ? ; stigmas 2, utricle (perigynium) oval, strongly nerved, ab- ruptly ending in a 2-dentate beak; bracts about the length of the stem. Sonoma. Summer. 13. C. LACINIATA Boott. Spikes unisexual; upper 1-2; spikes $ , the rest (3-4) $ ; stigmas 2, utricle (perigynium) oval, lenticular com- pressed, bracts far exceeding the stem. Coast Kange. Summer. 14. C. GLOBOSA Boott. Spikes unisexual, upper spike $ , rest (3-5) ? ; stigmas 3; utricle (319) (perigynium) globose, tapering to the base, ab- ruptly rostrate; beak short. Mar in county. Summer. 15. C. PSEUDOCYPEEUS L. Spikes unisex- ual, upper 1 $ ; rest (3-5) ? , drooping; stigmas 3; utricle coriaceous, ovate, triquetrous, attenu- ate into a long slender beak. San Francisco. Summer. 2. Fimbristylis Vahl. Spikelets , co-flowered ; palets closely im- bricate all round, the lowermost empty. Peri- goniurn 0. Style incrassate at base, persistent. Leaves narrow. Spikelets, if solitary, bracteate; if capitate or umbellate, involucrate. 1. F. MILIACEA Vahl. 0. San Francisco. Folsom street. Spring. This tropical species has not been found again since the filling in of that part of the city. 3. Isolepis L. Spikelets , oo-flowered. Palets imbricate all round, the lowermost empty. Perigonium 0. Base of the style deciduous, cespitose, slender. 1. I. RIP ARIA E. Br. Nutlets triquetrous, the sides convex. 0. Common. Spring. 2. I. CARINATA Hook. & Arn. Nutlets tri- quetrous, the sides straight. 0. San Fran- cisco. Spring. (320) 4. Scirpus L. BULRUSH. Spikelets $ , co-flowered. Palets imbricate all round, the lowermost empty. Perigonium 6-setaceous. Style articulate with its base. 1. S. LACUSTHIS L. Inflorescence apparent- ly lateral, with a single erect involucral leaf; stem almost terete; bristles of perigonium 6, slender, with scattered barbs 2. Common. Summer. 2. S. TATOKA Kunth. Inflorescence appar- ently lateral, with a single erect involucral leaf; stem almost terete; bristles of perigonium less than 6, stout and retrorsely plumose. 1C . Be- nicia. Summer. 3. S. OLNEYI Gray. Inflorescence appar- ently lateral, with a single erect involucral leaf; stem triquetrous. It. Presidio. Summer. 4. S. MABITIMUS L. Involucre spreading; spikelets large in a sessile cluster or sparingly umbellate. 1. Common. Summer. 5. S. SYLVATICUS L. Involucre spreading; spikelets small in a supra-decompound inflores- cence. 1. Common. Summer. 6. S. ACICULABIS L. (EleocJiaris R. Br.). Spike distichous or 3-ranked, few-flowered, terminating a leafless stem. 0. Common. Spring. 7. S. PALUSTRIS Eeichenb. (Ekocharis E. Br.). Spike terete, oo-flowered, terminating a leafless stem. It. Common. Summer. (321) 5t Eriophorum L. COTTON-GRASS. Hpikelets $ , co-flowered. Palets imbricate all round, the lowermost empty. Perigonium oo-setaceous, in fruit exserted, and silky. 1C. 1. E. GEACILE Koch. San Francisco. Sum- mer. Aquatic ; formerly found in a swamp near the mouth of Mission creek. Not yet rediscovered in our neighborhood, but frequent in the higher Sierras. 6. Cyperus L Spikelets $ . Palets imbricate, distichous, the lowermost empty. Perigonium 0. Inflor- escence involucrate. 1. C. DIANDRUS Torr. Style 2-cleft; nutlet lenticular, the edge turned to the rachis of the spikelet. 0. San Francisco. Summer. 2. C. ARISTATUS Kottl. Style 3-cleft; nut- let triquetrous. Floret monandrous. It. Com- mon. Spring. ORDERS. SPADICIFLORE. Inflorescence a spadix surrounded by a spathe. Bracts de- pauperate. Ovary superior, one to several- celled; cells 1-ovulate. Leaves alternate with sheathing base. Family 1. TYPHACE^l, Flowers diclinous, in a sometimes interrupted club-shaped spadix, each division of which is HA (322) protected by foliaceous spathes. Upper part of spadix $ ; perigonium 0; anthers basifixed, irregularly mixed with scales. Lower portion of spadix ? ; ovaries surrounded at their bases by co-bristles, sometimes by 3 scales; stigma 1, lateral. Fruit a utricle; endosperm copious. Leaves linear, straight-nerved. Aquatic. 1. 1. Sparganium Tourn. BUR-REED. Flowers in crowded glomerulate heads, con- stituting a simple or a branched spadix. Fila- ments slender. Ovaries sessile, surrounded by some linear scales. 1. S. EURYCARPUM Engelm. West Oakland (extinct); rediscovered at Niles. Summer. 2. Typha Tourn. CAT-TAIL. FLAG. Flowers in a club-shaped, continuous spadix. $ : filaments connate, very short. ? : ovaries stipitate, surrounded by o bristles. 1. T. LATIFOLIA L. Common. Summer. SERIES 3. HELOBIZE. Aquatics. Type generally ternate. Seed nearly without endos- perm. Embryo with very pronounced radicle. ORDER!. POLYCAKPIOE. Ovaries 3- oo. Endosperm entirely wanting. Family 1, ALISMACE.E Calyx 3-sepalous. Corolla 3-petalous. Stam- ens 6-00 . Ovaries 3-co , with terminal styles (323) and ventral placentation. Carpidia dry, inde- hiscent. Lamina of leaves nervose. 1. Alisma L. WATER- PLANTAIN. Flowers $ . Calyx herbaceous. Corolla pet- aloid. Ovaries GO , 1-ovulate. Akenes GO , ver- ticillate. if. Aquatic. Scapigerous. Inflores- cence verticillate, paniculate. 1. A. PLANTAGO L. Flowers pale. Com- mon. Summer. Family 2. JUNCAGINE^E, Calyx not differing from corolla. Lamina of leaves abortive. 1, Triglochin L. ARROW- GRASS. Perigonium deciduous, 3 inner sepals some- times wanting. Ovary 6-celled; ovules in each cell solitary, basal. Styles 3-6; stigmas plum- ose. Capsule separating into carpidia; finally opening ventrally. 2. Scapigerous. Inflores- cence spicate. 1. T. MABITIMUM L. Common. Summer. Family 3, POTAME.E, Perigonium if present, 4-cleft. Stamens 1, 2, or 4. Ovaries 4- oo, 1-ovulate. Carpidia in- deliiscent. Leaves stipulate. 1, Potamogeton TOURN. PONDWEED. Flowers $ . Perigonium 4-cleft. Anthers 4, sessile, inserted on the base of the sepals. (324) Ovaries 4, styles 0. U- Jointed aquatics. In- florescence pedunculate; spikes axillary. 1. P. NATANS L. Floating leaves coria- ceous; submerged leaves filiform. Marine Hospital. Lake Merced. Taylorville. Sum- mer. 2. P. LUGENS L. Leaves uniform, lanceo- late. Mission Dolores. Lake Merced. Sum- mer. 3. P. PAUOIFLOBUS Pursh. Leaves linear with distinct stipules. Ocean Lake. Sum- mer. 4. P. PECTINATUS L. Leaves linear, sti- pules united with the sheathing base of the leaf. Common. Summer. ORDER 2. CENTEOSPERM^E. Perigonium 0. Ovules basilar. Family 1, NAIADACE^l, Flowers diclinous. Ovary 1, 1 -celled, 1- ovnlate. Fruit a nutlet. 1, Lilaea HBK. Flowers monoecious. $ , spicate, 1-bracteate, monandrous, sometimes mingled with ? flow- ers. ? flowers partly spicate and 1-bracteate; partly solitary, axillary and without bracts. Styles of the upper ? flowers short, of the lower elongate; stigmas capitate. 0. Aqua- tic. Leaves radical, terete, sheathing at base. (325) 1. L. SUBULATA HBK. San Francisco. School House Station. Searsville. Spring. 2, Zoster a L. EEL-GRASS. Flowers monoecious. Spathe elongated into a lamina. Spadix flattened, dorsally naked, ventrally covered by alternate stamens and ovaries arranged in two rows. Anthers 1-celled, sessile. Ovary rostrate. Style persistent. It . Stems and roots submerged. 1. Z. MARINA L. Brackish inlets around the bay. Summer. The bulbous root is edible, and is eagerly sought for by the canvas-back duck. Family 2, LEMNACE.E, Aquatic plants without axis. Flowers en- closed in a thin membranaceous spathe. Sta- mens 1 or 2. Ovary sessile, i-celled; ovules 1-6; style short. Fruit a utricle. 1, Lemna L- DUCKWEED. Stamens 2. 1. L. TBISULCA L. Ovule solitary; fronds oblong, stalked, remaining connected. Presi- dio. Autumn. 2. L. VALDIVIANA Philippi. Ovule solitary; fronds not stalked, soon separating; bract reni- form. Marine Hospital. Autumn. (326) 3. L. MINOR L. Ovule solitary; fronds not stalked, soon separating; bract cucullate. Outlet of a creek between the Fort and the Cliff House. Autumn. 4. L. GIBBA L. More than 1 ovule. Com- mon. Autumn. Sub-Class 2. GYMNOSPERBO:. ORDER 1. CONIFERS. Family 1. TAXINEffi, 1. Torreya Arn. NUTMEG-PINE. Flowers from scaly buds. $ : consisting of bracts on the base of the axis, imbricated in 4 rows; stamens oo; connectives peltate; an- thers 4 to each stamen. ? : ovule immersed into an urceolate arillus. 1 . Branches oppo- site. Leaves linear, decurrent, rigid, mucronate. 1. T. CALIFORNIA Torr. Tamalpais. La- gunitas Creek. Spring. Wood and seed have the odor of nutmeg, the seed occasionally being used as such. Family 2, ABIETINE^l, 1. Pinus Tourn. PINE. $ flowers on elongated axes; the different axes crowded into an inflorescence round the base of a new shoot. ? flowers with fertile scales protected by bracts, which are much (327) smaller than the scales. Scales of the cone persistent and elevated into a tumor (umbo). It. Leaves 1-5, from a squarnous sheath. 1. P. SABINIANA Dougl. Leaves in threes; cones on a well developed peduncle; apophyses of the scales stout, projecting. Napa Valley. Spring. "Blue-pine." Seeds eaten by the Indians. 2. P. INSIGNIS Dougl. Leaves in threes; cones on short peduncles in clusters. Scales toward the base enlarged, thick and hemis- pherical. 2. Bolinas heights. Santa Cruz mountains. Spring. " Monterey pine." Frequently cultivated. 3. P. TUBERCUL ATA Gordon. Leaves in threes; cones verticillate, peduncled; scales angular, enlarged by a conical uinbo. Marin County. Spring. 4. P. MURICATA Don. Leaves in pairs- Bolinas. Spring. 2. Pseudotsuga Carriere. DOUGLAS SPKCTCK. Flowers from the axils of last year's leaves, crowded; $ on elongated axes; scales of? flow- er considerably smaller than the bracts, per- sistent. Cones pendulous. ^ . Leaves dis_ tichous, petioled. 1. P. DOUGLASII Carr. Tamalpais. Santa Cruz mountains. Spring. ( 328 ) Family 3, CUPRESSINE^l, 1, Sequoia Emll. .Cones ovate; scales GO , cuneiform, spreading at maturity, decussately arranged. *> . Leaves alternate, decurrent, carinate. 1. S. SEMPERVIRENS Endl. Leaves spread- ing, distichous. Branchlets spreading. Marin County. Coast Range. Contra Costa Range. Spring. " Redwood." 2. S. GIGANTEA Decaisne. Leaves not dis- tichous. Branchlets pendulous. In a gulch of the Santa Cruz mountains near Meyers' vine- yard. Otherwise only in the high Sierras. " Big tree." 2, OupresSUS Tourn. CYPKESS. Cone globose; scales 6-10, thick, peltate, valvate, oo-ovulate. Seeds angulate, narrowly winged. J? . Leaves decussate, adnate, squa- mate, imbricate, not distichous. 1. C. MACROCARPA Hartw. Cones of 5 or 6 pairs of scales. Monterey. In our local flora only escaped from cultivation. Spring. Monterey Cypress. 2. C. GOVENIANA Gordon. Cones of 3 or 4 pairs of scales. Nicasio. Spring. 3. Juniperus L- JUMPER. Fruit a galbulus. Scales succulent, uniting in fruit. Seeds osseous. *? . Leaves oppo- site, not distichous. (329) 1. J. CALIFORNIA Carr. Walnut Creek. Spring. CLASS 2. CEYPTOGAM^. Section 1. DICHOTOMY (Ijycopodiacece). Ramification dichotomous. Each leaf produc- ing only one sporangium, borne on the upper surface of the leaf or near its axil. Family 1. SELAGINELLKffi. Macrosporangia and Microsporangia. Leaves small and of two different kinds. 1, Selaginella Beanv. Sporangia axillary, globose, transversely de- hiscent. 2. Leaves 4-8-ranked. 1. S. BUPESTKIS. Spring. Tamalpais. Family 2, ISOETE.32. Heterosporous. All leaves long and grass- like. 1, Isoetes L- QUILL wo KT. Characters of the family of which it is the only genus known. 1. sp. Submerged aquatic. Corte Madera. Found by Mrs. Curran, but not yet identified. 2. sp. Growing on places inundated only during the rainy season. Olema. Found by Mrs. Curran, but not yet identified. ( 330 ) Section 2. FILICINE^. Ramification not dichotomous. Leaves developed, frondose. Sporangia not single and never on the upper surface of the leaf. ORDER 1. RHIZOCARP^. Sporangia in sporocarps (conceptacula); heterosporus; mi- crosporangia, oo-spored; macrosporangia gen- erally 1-spored. Family 1, MARSILJ3 ACE^ffi. Sporocarps 2-4-celled, 2-4-valved, contain- ing macro- and microsporangia. Sporangia parietal; macrosporangia, always 1-spored. Vernation circinate. 1, Marsilaea L- Macro- and microsporangia in the same spo- rocarp. 1C- Fronds petiolate, 4-foliolate. 1. M. VESTITA Hook. & Grev. Fort Point. (Extinct.) 2, Pillularia L. U . Fronds filiform. 1. P.AMERICANA Al.Braun. Marin County. Family 2, SALVINIACE^E. Sporocarps2to oo, on the same petiole (transformed half of a frond) , macro- and mi- crosporangia in distinct sporocarps. Verna- tion not circinate. (331) 1. Azolla Lam. WATEK-FEBN. Sporocarps in pairs. Macrosporangia 1- spored. Aquatics, moss-like, floating, green or purplish. 1. A. CAHOLINIANA Willd. Presidio. Sau- celito. ORDER 2. FILICES. Isosporous. Spor- angia formed from the epidermis, bursting by an elastic ring. Fronds without stipules. Ver- nation circinate. Family 1, POLYPODIACEJE. Sporangia hypophyllous, somewhat globular; ring vertical. 1. Gymnogramme Desf. GOLD-FERN. Sori linear, placed on branching primary veins. Indusium 0. 1. 1. G. TRIANGULARIS Kaulfuss. Common. 2, Cheilanthes Swartz. LIP-FEKN. Sori placed separately at the end of veinlets. Spurious indusium rudimentary, formed by the reflexed margin of the frond. 1. 1. C. CALIFORNICA Nutt. Fronds green on both sides, 4-pinnatifid. Tamalpais. 2. C. MYRIOPHYLLA Desv. Fronds covered underneath with brown scales; 3-4-pinnate. Wright's Station. ( 332 ) 3, Allosorus Benth. (Pellcealjiuk.) KOCK-BRAKK. Sporangia on veins which are oblique to the midrib. Spurious indusium continuous, formed by the reflexed margin of the frond. It. Gla- brous, cespitose ; fertile fronds contracted ; petioles not green. 1. A. ANDROMEMSFOLIUS Fee. Pinnules oval, obtuse. San Rafael. Tamalpais. 2. A. ORNITHOPUS Hook. Pinnules rhom- boid, mucronulate. Piedmont. Lagunitas reservoir. 3. A. DENSUS Hook. Pinnules linear, mu- cronate. Lagunitas reservior. 4, Poly podium L. POLYPODY. Sori round, placed on the veins. Indusium 0. K. 1. P. VULGARE L. Veins of the segments uniformly free and none anastomosing. Com- mon. 2. P. SCOULERI Hook & Gray. Veins of the segments anastomosing by ve inlets. Sau- celito. Tamalpais. 5 Pteris L. BRACKKX. BUAKE. Sporangia at the end of the veinlets, con- nected into a vein-like receptacle which sur- rounds the frond without interruption, indu- sium continuous, membranaceous, attached at its marginal side, free on its inner side. 2 . (333) 1. P. AQTJILINA L. Common. The fronds before expanding are edible, and were used in former times as a pot herb. 6, Adiantum L. MAIDEN'S HAIR. FIVE-FINGEK. Sporangia at the end of distinct veins. Sori covered by the semi-lunar reflexed margins. Indusium continuous with the margin of the leaf, free on its inner side. 2^. Petioles not green. 1. A. EMAEGINATUM Hook. Eachis of the frond continuous to the apical pinnule (leaflet). Common. 2. A. PEDATUM L. Eachis of the frond 2- furcate, each partition bearing several pinnate branches on its apical side. Camp Taylor. Saucelito. 7, Blechnum L- (Lomaria, Willd.) DEKR-FERN. Sporangia forming a linear sorus on each side of the mid-rib and parallel to it. Indu- sium membranaceous, attached to the recepta- cle and free on the inner side. 1C . 1. B. SPICANT Desvaux. Tennessee Val- ley. Wild-wood Glen. 8, Woodwardia L. CHAIN -FERN. Sporangia placed on reticulate veinlets, forming oblong sori on each side of the mid- (334) rib. Indusium coriaceous, attached to the re- ceptacle, and opening at the inner side. 2. 1. W. RADICANS Smith. Common. 9. Asplenium L- SPLENWORT. Sori linear, placed on veinlets. Indusium membranaceous, attached laterally to the vein- let and opening toward the mid-rib. 2. 1. A. FILIX FCEMINA Bernh. Marine Hospi- tal. Tamalpais. " Lady-fern." 10, Aspidium Swartz. SHIELD-FERN. Sori round, placed at the end of the veinlets. Indusium umbilicate, free on all sides and af- fixed by a column. It . 1. A. RIGIDUM Swartz. Indusium reniform ; fronds 2-pinnate. Common. Specific against the tapeworm, like its Euro- pean congener, A. Filix mas. 2. A. MUNITUM Kaulfuss. Indusium pel- tate; fronds pinnate, pinnae serrate. Com- mon. 3. A. ACULEATUM Swartz. Indusium pel- tate; fronds 2-pinnate, sometimes simply pin- nate, the pinnae deeply cut. Tamalpais. 2. Cystopteris Bernh. BLADDER-FERN. Sori round, placed on the middle of the vein- let, solitary in the disc of the lacinia. Indu- (335) slum hyaline, laterally affixed, free towards the margin of the frond. It. 1. C. FRAGILIS Bernh. Tamalpais. ORDER 3 STIPULATE. Isosporous. Leaves stipulate. Family 1. OPHIOGLOSSEJE, Sporangia capsular developed in the paren- chyma of half of the frond. Vernation not circinate. 1. Botrychium Swartz. Fertile segment of the frond a componnd spike. Sporangia distinct, glabrous, distich- ous, nearly 2-valved. It. 1. B. TERNATUM Swartz. San Francisco. (Extinct.) Section 3. EQUISETACEJE. Stem artic- ulate; internodes surrounded by sheathing whorls of scarious leaves. Sporangia on the under side of verticillate, peltate receptacles forming a terminal spike. Spores oo, each furnished with two elaters. 1, Equisetum k- HORSETAIL. SCOURING-RUSH. Only genus. 1. E. TELMATEIA Ehrh. Sterile stems green with verticillate branches; fertile stems with- (336) out chlorophyll, unbranched. Marin County, Contra Costa. Spring. 2. E. ROBUSTUM Al. Braun. All stems green unbranched. Fort Point. Marin County, Spring. ABIETINE.33 326 Abronia 25, 200 latifolia 200 umbellata 200 Acasna, 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 25, 38 40, 41, 250. trifida.... 250 Acauthomintha 7, 51, 136 lanceolata 136 Acer ....23, 36, 74, 211 macrophyllum 211 Achillea 67, 108 millefolium 108 Acliyrachsena 67, 102 inollis 102 Actaea 48, 233 spicata 233 Adenocaulon 88 bicolor 88 Adenostoma 40, 44, 250 fasciculatum 250 Adenostyles 60 Adiantum 333 emarginatum 333 pedatum 333 .Esculus 35, 74, 211 California 211 Agrostis 12, 300 alba 300 exarata . 301 scabra 301 verticillata 301 15 Aira.... 13, 304 caespitosa 304 danthonoides 305 elongata 305 holciformis 304 Alchemilla 35, 250 arvensis 250 Alfilerilla 205 Alder 271 Alisma 35, 323 plantago 323 ALISMACE.E 322 Allium 33, 286 attenuifolium 287 lacunosum 287 serratum 287 uuifolium 287 Allosorus 332 andromedaefolius 332 densus 332 ornithopus 332 Alnus 74, 271 rhombifolia 272 rubra 272 Alopecurus 11, 298 geuiculatus 298 pratensis. 298 Alsine 30, 42 ALSINE.E 192 Alum-root 187 Alyssum 54, 227 calycinum 227 (338) Alyssum maritimum.. .228 AMARANTACE.E 197 Amarantus... .75, 77, 79, 197 retroflexus 197 Ambrosia 75, 92 artemisiaefolia 92 psilostacbya 92 AMBROSLZE 92 Amelanchier 45, 252 nlnifolia 253 Amorpha 56, 57, 262 Californica 262 AMPELIDE.3E 214 Amsinckia 19, 155 intermedia 155 lycopsoides 156 spectabilis 155 tesselata 155 AMYGDALACKE 245 ANACARDIACKE 208 Anagallis 20, 172 arvensis 172 Anaphalis 65, 90 margaritacea 90 Anemone 49, 237 Grayi 237 Anemopsis 35, 38, 279 Californica 279 Angelica 28, 178 tomentosa 178 ANGIOSPERIOE 80 ANISOCABP.ZE 80 Anoplanthus 51, 142 fasciculatus 143 uniflorus 142 ANTHEMIDE.E 107 Anthemis 67, 107 Anthemis cotula 107 Anthoxanthum 1 1, 299 odoratum 300 ANTIRRHIXE.E 151 Antirrhinum 53, 152 vagans 153 Aphyllon 51, 142, 143 comosum. ... 143 APHANOCYCLIC.ZE 221 Apiastrum... 181 angustifolium 181 Apium 27 Aplopappus 61, 63, 84 ericoides 84 linearifolius 84 APOCYNACKE 129 Apocynum 25, 129 androsaemifolium 129 cannabinum 129 Aquilegia 49, 234 truncata .234 Arabis 55, 226 blepharophylla. ...... 227 perfoliata 227 Aralia 31, 184 Californica 184 ARALIACE.E 184 Arbutus 41, 174 Menziesii 175 Arceutbobium 77, 267 occidentaJe 267 Arctostaphylos 41, 174 Andersonii 174 pungens 174 tomentosa 174 Arenaria 42, 193 Californica . . . . 193 (339) Arenaria Douglasii 193 macrophylla 1D3 palustris 193 Argemone 47, 48, 230 hispida 230 Aristolochia 71, 268 Californica 268 ABISTOLOCHLE 268 Armeria 31, 170 vulgaris 170 Arnica 65, 111 discoidea Ill Arrhenatherum 12, 305 hvenaceum 305 Arrow-grass 323 Artemisia 61, 69, 109 Californica 110 drac-unculoides 110 Ludoviciana 110 pycnocephala 110 Asarum 43, 268 caudatum 268 ASCLEPIADACKE 128 Asclepias 128 Mexicana 129 speciosa 128 j vestita.. . . .^ 128 Ash'/T^ . . . .T. 7l3lT Aspidium 234 aculeatum 234 munitum 234 rigidum 234 I Asplenium 334 i Filix fcemina 33i Aster 63, 86 Chamissonis 86 divaricatus . . 86 Aater radnlinus 86 ASTEROIDE^: 81 Astragalus 58, 263 crotalariae 263 didymocarpus 263 Douglasii 263 leucophyllus. . 263 Menziesii 263 pycnostachyus 264 tener 263 Atriplex 75, 77, 79, 198 Californicum 199 corouatum 198 leucophyllum 199 patulum. ... 198 Audibertia 7, 137 grandiflora 137 stachyoides 1 37 Avena 13, 303 Azolla 331 Baccharis 61, 62, 67, 87 Douglasii 87 pilularis 87 viminea 87 Baeria 64, 103 carnosa 104 chrysostoma 104 Fremontii 104 gracilis 104 macrantha 103 uliginosa 104 Bahia 104 Balsamorrhiza 66, 94 deltoidea 94 Hookeri 94 Baneberry 233 (340) Barbarea 55, 224 vulgaris . . . , 224 Barberry 232 Barley 314 Bay-tree 231 Beard-grass 300 Beckmannia 298 erucsBformis 298 Bed-straw 126 Beggar-ticks 96 Bellflower 122 Bent-grass 300 BERBERIDK2E 231 Berberis 31, 232 aquifolium 232 nervosa . . . ... 232 pinnata 232 repens 232 Berula 28, 180 angustifolia 180 BETULACE^J 271 Bidens 62, 68, 96 chrysanthemoides 96 Big-root 122 Big-tree 328 Bigelovia 60, 63, 84 arborescens 84 Bind-weed 168 Bitter-Cress 227 Blackberry 247 Bladder-fern 334 Bladderwort 170 Blechmim 333 spicaut 333 Bleeding-heart 228 Blennosperma 69, 106 Californicum.., ..107 Blue-Curls 132 Blue- eyed Grass 282 Blue-pine 326 Boisduvalia 37, 244 cleistogama 244 densiflora , 244 glabella 244 BORRAGINE^; 155 Botrychium 335 ternatum 335 Bottle brush grass 315 Bowlesia 27, 183 lobata 184 Boykinia 30, 186 occidentalis. 186 Box-Elder 211 Brass-buttons 109 Bracken 332 Brake 332 Brassica 56, 225 campestris 225 nigra 225 Brickellia 112 Bridal- wreath 247 Briza 14, 310 media 310 Brizopyrum. 77, 307 maritimum . . .308 Brodisea 8, 32, 288 congesta 288 grandiflora 288 minor 288 terrestris. 288 ^Brome-grass 311 Bromus 14, 311 ciliatus 312 grandiflorus 312 (341) Bromus maximus 312 racemosus 312 secalinus 312 Brooklime 148 Brookweed 172 Buck-bean 131 Buckeye 211 Bulbostylis 60, 112 Californica.. 112 Bulrush 320 Bur-reed 322 Burrielia 64, 103 microglosaa, 103 Buttercup .235 Button-bush.... 126 Cakile 54, 224 Americana 224 Calais... 116 Kelloggii 117 Lindleyi . 117 linearifplia ,,,..;.. 117 CalamagrQttis. .... 12, 302 Calandrinia, 30, 35, 42, 44 45, 195, Menziesii 195 California Lilac .213 California Poppy 229 Calochortus.. 33, 290 albus 291 lilacinus, 291 luteus,. lfi 291 pulchellus 291 venustus 291 CALYCANTHACKE. 252 Calycanthus 46, 252 occidentalis 252 15A CALYCIFLORAB 238 Cdmassia 33, 287 Campanula 22, 122 exigua 122 preu