' / ^ > - ^^.K- ■ *^ ■*- ,, ^•^ -"•>, ^ •N*% 1 iK^ \^ COPIES and EXTRACTS OF ADVICES TO AND FROM INDIA, RELATIVE TO THE CAUSE, PROGRESS, and SUCCESSFUL TERMINATION OF TH K WAR WITH THE LATE TIPPOO SULTAUN, CHIEF OF MTSOREi THE PARTITION OF HIS DOMINIONS in consequence thereof ; AND THE DISTRIBUTION of the CAPTURED PROPERTY FOUND IN SERINGAPATAM. PRINT£D FOR THE USE OF THE PROPRIETORS OF EAST-INDIA STOCK. 1800. E >- oc -^ TABLE OF CONTENTS. ^ Page "^ N? I. From the Secret Committee to the Governor General in Council of Bengal; dated iSth June, 1798 — — — — — i «/\ N? II. (Circular.) From the Secret Committee to the Governments in India; ^ dated 26th November, 1798 — — — — — 3 N? III. From the Governor General to the Court of Direftors ; dated Fort *= &•>} William, 21ft November, 1798 — — — — 6 01 c N? IV. From the Governor General in Council to the Court of Direftors; dated ^ Fort St. George, 12th January, 1799 — — — — 13 o N? V. Governor General's Minute ; Fort St. George, 2d January, 1799 14 N? VI. From the Governor in Council of Fort St, George to the Court of Di- redtors ; dated 13th January, 1799 — — — — i^ N? VII. From the Governor General to the Secret Committee ; dated 15th March, 1799 — — — — — — 16 N? VIII. From the Governor General to the Court of Direftors -, dated 20th March, 1799 — — — — — — 17 Enclofing, (N? I.) Proclamation at the Ifle of France — — 38 (N? 2. A.) From Tippoo Sultaun to the Governor General ; received 24th Odtober, 1798 — — — —40 (N? 2. B.) From the Governor General to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated 8th November, 1798 — — — — ibid, (N? 3.") From the Governor General to Tippoo Sultaun : dated loth December, 179S •— — •— — — 43 'a b (N? 4.) xJt CONTENTS. page (N? 4.) From Tippoo Sultann to the Governor General ; received at Fort St. George, 23th December, 1798 — — 44 (N? 5.) From the Governor General to Tippoo Sultaun -, dated 9th January, 1799 — — — — — 46 (N? 6.) From Tippoo Sultaun to the Governor General •, received nth January, 1799 — — — — 53 (N? 7.) From Tippoo Sultaun to the Governor General ; received ijth February, 1799 — „_ — — /^/^. (N? 8.) From the Governor General to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated 2 2d February, 1799 — _ — — _ 54 (N? 9.) Declaration of the Governor General, &c. &c. &c. 2 2d February, 1799 — — _ — _ 53 (N? 10.) Abftraft Return of the Troops that marched for the iVIyfore Country from the Coromandel Coaft — — 60 (N? II.) General Return of the Bombay Troops j aflembled under General Stuart — — — — — 63 (N? 12.) An Account of Rice and Gram collcdled in the Coorga Country, for the ufe of the Army ■ — — — 64 N? IX. From the Governor General to the Secret Committee; dated 22d April, N? X. From the Governor General in Council to the Secret Committee ; dated 1 8th April, 1799 — — — — — 66 N? XI. From the Governor General to the Court of Direftors ; dated 20th April, 1799 — — — — — — 68 N? XII. From Lieutenant General Stuart to the Governor General in Council ; dated 8th March, 1799 — — — — — 75 Enclofing, (N? I.) General Return of the Killed, Wounded, and Miffing, in that Part of the Army engaged with Tippoo Sultaun's Troops on the 6th March, 1799 — — — — So (N? 2.) Information of Mozen Khan Bukhlhy — — 81 s N?. Xlil. CONTENTS. Page N? XIII. From Lord Clive to the Secret Committee ; dafed 17th April, 1799 82 N? XIV. From the Governor General in Council to the Court of Direftors; dated i iih May, 1799 — — — — • — 84 Enclofing, The Commander in Chief to the Governor General ; dated Seringapa- tam, the 4th May, 1799 — — — — 85 N? XV. From the Governor General in Council to the Court of Diredors ; dated i6t-h May, 1799 " — — — -- — il^id. Enclofing, (N? I.) The Commander in Chief to the Governor General ; dated Seringapatam, the 7th May, 1799 — — — 87 (N? 2.) General Orders by Government ; dated 15th May, 1799 92 N? XVI. From the Governor Genera! to the Secret Committee; dated the 19th May, 1799 — • — — — — — 93 Enclofing, (N? I.) Tippoo to the French Diredlory — — — 95 (N? 2.) Articles of Agreement propofed by Tippoo to the French Diredlory — — — - — ~^ 95 (N? 3.) M. Dubuc to the Rajah of Travencore's Prime Minifter 96 (N? 4.) Ditto to Tippoo Sultaun — — — 97 N? XVII. From Lord Mornington to the Chairman ; dated 19th May, 1799 97 N? XVIII. From General Harris to the Chairman ; dated 6th May, 1799 98 N? XIX. From Mr. Spencer to the Chairman ; dated Calicut, 2 id May, 1799 99 (Jf3- The precedifig Papers, N? l.loXlX. have been laid before Parliament ^ and printed by their orders. N? XX. From the Governor General to the Court of Diredlors ; dated nth May, J 799 — . — — — — — 101 Enclofing, (N? I.) Major Beatfon to the Governor General; dated 6th May, 1799 102 (N? 2.) Captain Macaulay to Lieutenant Colonel Kirkpatrick ; dated 6th May, 1799 — — — — — i04 b N?XXI. (N? 2.) d? (N? 3) d? (N?4.) d? (N? S') d? CONTENTS. Page N^ XXI. From the Governor General to the Court of Direflors i dated i6th May, 1799 — — — — — — 104 Enclofing, (N? I.) General Harris to the Governor General ; dated 9th April, — d? 14th April 1799 — 109 — d? 16th d? d? — no — d? 1 8th d? d? — ibid. — d? 22d d? d? — 112 (N? 6.) General Floyd to the Governor General ; dated 26th April, 1799 — — — — — — 113 (N? 7. a.) Draft of Preliminaries B, as fent by the Governor General to General Harris — — — — 114 (N? 7. b.) General Harris to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated 22d April, 1799; with Draft of Preliminaries, as fent in by the General to Tippoo Sultaun — — — — 116 (N? 8.) General Harris to the Governor General ; dated 2 2d April, 1799 — — — — — — 119 (N? 9.) General Harris to the Governor General; dated 27th April, 1799 — — — — — — 121 (N? 10.) d? — d? 28ch April, 1799 — ibid, (N? 11.) d? — d? ift May — 12a (N? 12 and 13.) Captain Macaulay to Lieutenant Colonel Kirkpatrick ; dated I fl and 2d May — — — — ibid. (N? 14.) General Harris to the Governor General ; dated the 7th May 123 N? XXII. Governor General to the Court of Direftors ; dated 6th June, 1799 ibid, N? XXIII. Tippoo Sultaun to the French Direftory, and to the Reprefentatives of the People of the Ifle of France; dated 2d April 1797 — — 126 N? XXIV. D? to General Malartique ; fame date — — — 132 7 N? XXV. CONTENTS. Page N? XXV. Tippoo Sultaun to General Magallon ; 2 id April, 1797 — 122 N? XXVI. D? to the Reprefentatives of the People at the Ifle of France ; fame N? XXVII. Tippoo's AmbafTadors to General Malarrique i dated at the Ille ot France, 26 January, 179S — — — . — 135 N? XXVIII, Propofals from the Ambafladors to the Government of the French jflandsforan ofFeiifive and defenfive alliance; 4th February, 1798 — 136 N? XXIX. Prefident of the Colonial Affembly of the Ifles of France to Tippoo Sultaun ; without date — — — — — ii,ij. N? XXX. Ambaflddors to General Malartiquc; 2ift Febrinry, 1798 — 137 N? XXXI. General Malartique to the Ambaffadors -, 27th February, 179S 138 N? XXXII. D? to Tippoo Sultaun ; 8th March, 1798 — — 139 N? XXXIII. Admiral Sercey to Tippoo Sultaun ; 4th March, 1798 — 140 N? XXXIV. General Cofligny to the Ambafladors ; 5ch March, 1798 — 141 N? XXXV. General Magallon to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated 4th March, 1798 143 N? XXXVI. M. Defcomber to Tippoo Sultaun, 5th March, 1798 — 144 N? XXXVII. General Malartique to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated 7th March, 1798 ; enclofing RoH of Naval and Military Officers engaged for the Service of the Sultaun — — — — — — 147 N? XXXVill. Captain of the Preneufe Frigate to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated 25th April, 1798 — — — — — — 153 N? XXXIX. M. Chapuis to Tippoo Sultaun ; without Date — 154 N? XL. M. Dubuc to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated Mangalore, 28th April, 1798 156 N? XLI. Queftions put to Meflrs. Chapuis and Dvibuc by Tippoo Sultaun's Minifters, with their Anfwers ; 20th June, 1798 — — 158' N? XLII. Rate of pay fixed for the French Officers to be employed in Tippoo's Marine — — — — — — 159- N? XLIIL CONTENTS. Page N? XLIII. Receipt from Dubuc to Tippoo for ■ Padogas, as advance of pay tothfe French Officers in the Service of Tippoo — — 160 N? XLIV. Tippoo Sultaun to the French Dire(5tory, with Articles to be pro- pofed by his AmbalVadors as the Bafis of an Alliance againll the Company ; dated 2cth July, 1798 — — — — 161 N? XLV. Credentials and Letfer of Credit from Tippoo to M. Dubuc, as his Ambafiador to the French Diredory ; dated 20th July, 1798 — 164 N? XLVI. M. Dubuc to Tippoo Sultaun j dated Tranquebar, i6th December, 1798 — — — — — 165 N? XLVII. Tippoo Sultaun to M. Dubuc; dated 2d January, 1799 — 168 N? XLVIII. M. Ripaud to Tippoo Sultaun : dated 23d May, 1797 — 169 §0- N. B. 77:>e Papers No. XXIII io XLVIII are Tranjlatiom of the French CorrefpoHdence fow:d in the Palace at Seringapatam. {From General Buonaparte to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated at Cairo 7th Pluviofe 7th year of the Republic — — 171 D? to the Sheriff of Mecca; no date — — 17a N? L. Governor General to the Court of Direclors ; dated 3d Auguft, 1 799 1 73 N? LI. Minute of the Governor General 12th Auguft, 1798 — 176 N? LIT. Governor General to the Court of Direfbors ; dated 3d Auguft, i 799 185 Enclofing, (N? I.) Copy of the Commiflion for Myfore — — 197 (N? 2.) Inflnidions to the Myfore CommilTioners — — 200 (N? 3.) Myfore Commiffioners to the Governor General ; dated Sth June, 1799 — ■ — — — — 203 (N? 4.) D? to the Commander in Chief; dated 12th June, 1799 204 (N? 5.) D° to the Governor General ; dated 12th June, 1799 205 (N? 6.) D?toD?j dated 1 9ih June, 1799 — — 208 (N? 7.) CONTENTS. Page (N? 7.) Myfore CommifTioners to the Governor General ; dated 25th June, 1799 — — — — — 208 (N? 7. a.) Ranics of Myfore to the Commiffioners; dated 25th June, 1799 ~- — — — — — 210 (N? 8.) Partition Treaty of Myfore — — — 211 (N? 9.) Memorial explanatory of the Partition Treaty — 222 (N? 10.) Captain Macleod to the Myfore Commiffioners ; dated 8th July, 1799 _____ 224 (N? II.) Statement of Revenue, accompanying Captain Macleod's Letter ; dated 8th July — — — — 227 (N? 12.) Captain Macleod to General Harris; dated ■22d May, 1799 229. (N? 13.) Tippoo Sultaun's Jummabundy for 1797-8 — 231 (N? 14.) Captain Macleod's Memoranda of the Commerce of Myfore 233 (N? 15.) Myfore Commiffioners to the Governor General; dated 30th June, 1799 — — — — — 234 (,N? 16.) Subfidiary Treaty of Seringapatam — — 235 (N? 17.) Memorial explanatory of the Subfidiary Treaty of Serin- gapatam — — — — — 24® (N? 18.) Lift of the Rajahs of Myfore, from A. D. 16 10 to 1799 242 N? Lin. From the Governor General In Council to the Court of Direftors; dated 4th of Auguft, 1799 — — — — — ^47 Enclofing, (N? I.) G. O. by the Marquis Cornwallis, in 1791 — — 251 (N? 2.) General Harris to the Governor General in Council ; dated 23d May, 1799 — — — — — il'i'^' (N? 3.) From the Secretary of the Government of Madras to Ge- neral Harris ; dated 2d July, 1799 — ■ — — 252 c (N? 4.) C O N T E N T S. Page (N° 4.) G. O. by Government, 2d June, 1799 — — 254 (N? 5.) Abflrad Return of Ordnance, &c. found in Seringapatam 256 (N? 6.) Return of the Honourable Company's draught and carriage Cattle and Calves, received from the Myfore Sircar; 14th June, 1799 — — __ — _ 264 The Papers containing the Correftondence more immediately relating to iht Negotiation with Tippoo Siihaim^ previous tOy and during the Siege of Seringapatam^ are viz. Page Tippoo Sultaun to the Governor General, received 24th Oflober, 1798'; re-» lative to the doubtful Claims on the Diftrifts of Anieera, Sec, and Rating that he had fent two Pcrfons to meet the Deputation from Bombay, to enquire into the Circumflances — — — — 40 Governor General to Tippoo, dated 8th November, 1798; apprizing the Sultaun of his Lordfhip's Knowledge of the Nature of his Intercourfe with the French, and propofing to depute Major Doveton, for the Purpofe of proceeding to an amicable Adjuflment of fubfifting Differences 401043 Governor General to Tippoo Sultaun, dated loth December, 1798; informing him of his intention to proceed to Madras,, and re-urging him to receive Major Doveton — — — — — — 43 Tippoo Sultaun to the Governor General, received at Fort St. George 25th December, 1798; denying his having any Connexion with the French, hoftile to the Company, aud declining to receive Major Doveton 441046 Governor General to Tippoo Sultaun, dated 9th January, 1799 ; informing him of his arrival at Fort St. George on the 31ft December, renewing his Pro- pofition for opening a Negotiation, urging him not to delay his Reply to this Letter beyond one Day after the receipt of it, and intimating the dan- gerous Confequcnces of Delay — — — 461052. Tippoo Sultaun to the Governor General, dated 2d, and received the nth January, 1799 ; acknowledging the Receipt of the Governor General's two Letters, and profefTing Friendfliip, and a Defire for Peace — "*" 5^ D? - D?, received the 13th February, 1799; acknowledging receipt of the Governor General's Letter, and the Letter from the Grand Seignior, c * raenticfling, mentioning that he is about to make a hunting Excurfion, and faying that Major Doveton may be fent " flightly attended." — —. ^^ Governor General to Tippoo Sultaun, dated zid February, 1799; lamenting that the Intimation of the Danger of Delay had not produced the defired EfFedl, that the Sultaun's protradted Silence had compelled his Lordfhip to order the Allied Armies to advance; and informing him, that General Harris is now the only Perfon through whom any Communication can be received — — — . — 54 Tbis Letter was forwarded to 7ippoo, by General Harris, on the c^th March, 1799, the Day on which the Madras Army entered the My fore Coitn try ; vide Letter from the Governor General to the Court of DireSlors, dated zoth April, 1799, ^^^'' 3> ^"Z^ 6^' Declaration of the Governor General, dated 22d February, 1799, on behalf of the Company and their Allies, ftating his Motives for having ordered the Army to advance into Tippoo Sukaun's Territories — ■ 55 to 59 ^k Declaration was puhlifJoed on the Day General Harris paffed the Frontier. General Harris to the Governor General, dated 9th April, 1799; enclofinga Letter from Tippoo, received the fame day, ftating that he had adhered firmly to Treaties, and defiring to know the Reafon of the •* Occurrence of Hoftilities." _________ 108 General Harris to Tippoo, dated loth April, 1799 ; referring to the Governor Ge- neral's former Letters, as explanatory of the Reafon of the Commencement of Hoftilities — — — — — — 109 Draft of Preliminaries as fent to General Harris by the Governor General, to to be offered to Tippoo Sultaun — — — — 114 to 116 General Harris to the Governor General, dated zzd April, 1799; enclofing Copy of a Letter to him from Tippoo, received the Evening of the 20th April, expreffive of a Defire to open a Negotiation — 119 to 120 7 General General Harris to Tippoo Sultaun, dated iid April, 1799; with Draft of Pre- liminary Articles as fent by the General to Tippoo Sultaun, and requiring his Acquiefcence in twenty-four Hours — — — 11610119 Letter to the Governor General, dated 28th April 1799; enclofing a Copy of Letter from Tippoo Sultaun, received the fame Day, ftating his Intention of deputing two Perfons to open a Conference ; containing alfo the Sub- llance of the General's Anfwer — — — 121 & 122 General Karris to Governor General, dated ift May, 1799 ; ftating, that no further Communication had been received from Tippoo, and that a practicable Breach would foon be made in the Fortifications of Seringapatam — 122 Governor General to the Court of Diredtors, dated 3d Auguft 1799, Para- graph 13; ftating, that Tippoo never acceded to the Terms propofed to him by General Harris, on the 22d April. — -r— — 176 ATA GENERAL COURT Of the United Company or Merchants of England, TRADING to THE EaST-InDIES, Held at their House in Leadenhall Street, OnWednefday, the i8th December, 1799, at 12 o'clock at Noon. The Deputy Chairman acquainted the Court, that fince their laft meeting, the Court of Diredtors had received advices from India, containing the fettlement of the Myfore Dominions, in confequence of the capture of Seringapatam. And the following being read, viz. Two Letters from Lord Mornington, dated Fort St. George, 3d Auguft, 1799; The Partition and Subfidiary Treaties; and Letter from the Government of Fort St. George, dated 4th Auguft ; It was, on a motion. Ordered, That fuch Papers as the Court of Direftors may think proper, relative to the ficge and conqueft of Seringapatam, and the fubfequent treaties, be printed for the information of the Proprietors. No. I. Extract of Letter from the Secret Committee" of the Court of Directors, to the Governor General in Council of Bengal ; dated i8th June i 798. We take the earlkft Opportunity of acquainting you, that we have received In- formation from His M;ijefty's Minifters, that a very large Armament of Ships, Troops, Military Stores, &c, &c. has been lately fitted out at Toulon, and ihat it failed froni thence on the 19th Ult. Although the ultimate Objeft of this Armament has not been afcertained, it is not improbable, from many Circumftinces that have tranfpired and from the Spirit of daring Ad%-enture, by which the French have been aftuated during the prefent \A'ar, that its Deftination may be for India, either (having firft taken Poffeflion of Egvpt) by way of the Red Sea ; down the Coaft of that Sea-, or even perhaps by the Black Sea, or by BuflTora ; His Majefty's Minifters have there- fore informed us, that immediate Meafures will be taken for a confiderabie Aug- mentation of the European Force in the Eaft-Indies : You may therefore expedt that not lefs than Four Thoufand feafoned and difciplined Troops, and perhaps a larger Number, may be fent to the Company's Settlements with all poffible Expedition, Part of which will, we truft.reach India not many months after the Receipt of this Difpatch. Should the Expedition, notwithftanding the Meafures taken by His Majefty's Government to intercept and defeat it in the Mediterranean, reach Egypr, and be de- ftined for India by either of the Routes we have mentioned, a Part of His Majefiy's Fleet, confifting of Two Men of War, and probably a Sloop, now under Difpatch for India, will be ordered to be ftationed in the Straits of Babelmandel, and in the Gulph of Perfia, for the Purpofe of intercepting any Force that maybe proceeding to India that Way. A Copy of a Proclaination iffiied at the Mauritius in the Month of Marcli laft, has been already tranrmitted to our feveral Prefidencies by Mr. Pringle, the Com- pany's Agent at the Cape of Good Hope. We are unable to judge whether this Proclamation be in Reality what its Itiiport declares it to be, and Tippoo has really conceived any hoftile Defigns againft the Britifh Empire in Iiidia, or intended merely B as [ ^ ] as a Feint, with a View to embroil us with tliat Prince. Our refpeftive Govern- ments will of courfe have taken fuch precautionary Meafures in confequence as appeared to them neceflary, and applicable to exifting Circumftances. Our Empire in the Eaft has ever been an Objeifl of Jealoufy to the French, and we know that their former Government entertained fanguine Hopes of being able to reach India by a fliorter Paflage than round the Cape of Good Hope, and we have no Doubt that the prefent Government would rifk a great deal, and even adopt Mcafurtrs of a moll enterprizing and uncommon Nature, for the Chance of reduc- ing, if not annihilating, the Britifli Power and Confequence in that Qiianer of the World. To effcd this, without the Aid and previous Concert of One of the Indian Powers, feems almoft impoflible, and would fcarcely be attempted. In the prefent Situation of India, Tippoo appears the fitted Inftrument to be employed in the Furtherance of fuch ambitious Projeds. m It is highly improbable, that Tippoo fhould have entered into any League with the French, without fome apparent Preparation on his Part of an hoftile Nature in Furtherance of their Defign. If fuch therefore, fhall have been the Cafe, it would be neither prudent nor politic to wait for adual Hoftilities on his Part. We there- fore' recommend, that if you fhall not have adopted the necefTary Meafures for bringing Tippoo to a fitisfadtory Explanation before the Receipt of this Difpatch, that you Ihould immediately take the proper Steps for fo doing, accompanying this Enquiry with fuch a Difpofition of your Force as may give effedt to it; and fhould you judge, either from his Anfvvers, or from the Steps he is taking, that his Defigns are fuch as the French Proclamation reprefents, and that he is making Preparations to aft hoftilely againfl; us ; we think it will be more advifeable not to wait for fuch an Attack, but to take the moft immediate and mofl. decifive Meafures to carry our Arms into our Enemy's Country, not failing, at the fame Time, to make known to the Powers in Alliance with us, the NecelTity of fuch Meafures, and that we have not in View a wanton Attack upon our inveterate Enemy, with a Defign to augment our own Power, but a neceffary and juftifiable Defence of our own PofiefTions, and calling upon them for the Afliftance they are under Engagements to furnifn us. But although we have thus recommended Energy, Firmnefs, and Decifion, in your Conduift towards Tippoo, we rely upon your ufing the Latitude allowed you in C 3 ] in the preceding Pcaragraph with the utmoft Difcretion, that we may not be involved in a.War in India, without the moft inevitable Nccefiity, of which Neceffity we leave you to be the toie Judges. And as it is impoffible for us to conjedure, Ihould either the i:'roclamatioii circulated at the Mauritius be founded, or the Force now in the Mediterranean be really dcftined for India, what Meafures the implacable Revenge and rafli Enterprize of the French, nnay induce them to undertake againft the Britifh Power in India ; we can only exhort our feveral Governments to be conftantly upon their Guard, and watchful againft Surprife, by not only keeping the Troops in perfeft Order for Aftion, and our Forts and Ga;rifons in conftant Prepa- ration of Defence, but if it (hall appear necellary, by encouraging Military Aflbcia- tions amongft our Civil Servants and others, as in this Country, which may be prepared to aft on any Emergency; and in carefully keeping in view every Channel through which it may be poflible for France to get an European Force out to India, and^taking precautionary Meafures to prevent it. We have tranfmitted Copies of this Difpateh to our Governments of Madras and Bombay. No. II. Circular. Copy of a Letter from the Secret Committee of the Court of Di- rectors to the Governments in India; dated the 26th November, 1798. Our Letter to you of the 18th June laft, inclofed a Copy of our Orders to the Governor General in Council of the fame Date, relative to the Expedition from Toulon under General Buonaparte, and diredling your Obedience thereto, fo far as ihould refpeft your Prefidencj'. Our fubfcquent Advices of July and Auguft, will have informed you of the A ppointraertt of Mr. Jones to refide at the Court of the Pacha of Bagdat, as well as of the [ 4 ] the Objedls of his Miffion, and of the Reinforcements already fent and now fending out to India. Since the Date of our Letter of June laft, above alluded to, the landing of Buo- naparte in Egypt has been fully confirmed ; and although, by the glorious Vidtory of Admiral Nelfon over the French Fleet near Alexandria, and the Oppofitionmade to their Progrefs through Egypt by the Arabs under the Authority of the Porte, the Defigns of the French have been confiderably impeded, yet if, contrary to our Hopes and Expedations, he fhould be able to eftablifh himfelf in Egypt, we cannot but dill be under Apprehenfions for the Safety of our Indian Pofleffions. Thefe Apprehenfions are confiderably increafed in confequence of fome Flints lately foggelted by the Right Honorable Henry Dundas, that, if the French fhould be abletofubdue Egypt, and to eftablifli their Authority in that Country, it is likely their next progreffive Meafure would be to fecure the Communication of the Red Sea with the Gulph of Cambay, at the narrow Straits of Babelmandel ; and, if in their Power, to detach a fufficient Force to take Poflfeffion of the Ifland of Perim, fituatc between the Two Points which include thofe Straits. The Poffeffion of this Station will be of the greateft Importance to the French, in fecuring the Advantages they propofe to themfelves in the Conqueft of Egypt, and confequently it is well deferving of the utmoft Vigilance and Exertion on the Part of Great Britain, to defeat any Plan they may entertain to get it into their Hands. If we fliould fucceed in making ourfelves Mailers of that Ifland, it would be impoflible, in the fiift Inflance, for any Ships to pafs the Straits againft a fuperior Naval Force .ftationed there. It may then be fecured and fortified, by the Applica- tion of fuch Materials as its Situation may affjrd, for completing its permanent Defence, and for cfteftually commanding the Channels through which Ships mull pafs to the Indian Ocean. We underftand that the Ifland of Perim is a low rocky Subftance, about Five Miles in Length and Two in Breadth; that it pofTelTcs a good Harbour ; that the Channel which divides it from the African Coaft, though Fourteen or Fifteen Miles acrofs, is but little frequented, on account of the numerous Rocks and Shoals which obltruft it, infomuch as to render it neceflary for Veflels that do attempt if, to fteer clofe under the wellcrn Point of the Ifland, and that the extreme Breadth of the other 5 Channel C 5 ] Channel is lefs than two Leagues, and that this Space cannot be navigable, noir the deep Water every where at lb great a Diftance from the Ifland as to be out of the Reach of its Batteries, whether eredted on the Shore, or on artificial Projeftions within the Sea, if fuch fliould be found neceflary to the entire Command of the Paflage.* We have entered thus fully into Detail, to fhew the Importance of taking Pofliffion of the Ifland of Perim without Delay; nor is Difpatch alone neceflary, but Secrecy is equally indifpenfable, as it is not improbable that provifional Meafurcs have been taken by the French to aflemble fome Vcflels of Burthen at the Port of Suez, to co-operate, in whatever Way their Services may be wanted, with the pri- mary Expedition, and if the Defign were known, they would detach a Force, at all Hazards, to fecure the firft Pofleffion of it. Mr. Secretary Dundas has further informed us, that although the Commanders of His Majefty's Fleets in India have already been diredled to ufe every Effort in their Power to fruftrate the Defigns of the French in the Expedition unde r Buona- parte, yet fpecial Orders will be fent out to the Commander in Chief of His Majefly'r. Naval Force in the Indian Seas, as foon as pofllble to detatch to the Straits of Babelmandel fuch a Force, as according to the Information he fhall have received, he may judge fufKcient for the Service, in the Inftrudtions to take PoflefHon of the Ifland of Perim, by whatever Power it may be occupied at the Time. The Importance of the Meafure we have thus pointed out, will enfure your moft cordial Endeavours in promoting the fame by every Means within your Power. The Security of our moft valuable Pofl'efllons in India, if not our very Exiflence there, depends upon defeating the prefcnc formidable and inveterate Defign of the French againfl: thofe PofleiTions, No. HI. [ 6 } No. III. Extract of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General to the Court of Directors ; dated Fort William, the 2 1 ft November, 1798. Par. I. By my Letter difpatched overland from Fort St. George, I had the Honour to inform you of my Arrival at that Prefidency on the 26tli of April. 12. While I was engjged in confidering the Means of improving the internal Order and Management of your Finances, I received Intelligence which led me to apprehend the Approach of a War with Tippoo Sultaun, aided by a French Force. Your Secret Committee is in Poffeflion of this Intelligence, of which the Rcfult on my Mind was a firm Convidion, that the Safety cf your PolTcflions in the Penin- fula of India demanded, that your Armies fliould be placed in an adtive and early State of Preparation for War. Accordingly, having apprized the Governor of Fort St. George, aa early as the 8th of June, of my Apprehenfions of the Defigns of the Enemy, and having direfted his Attention to the Probability of our being involved in Hoftilities, on the 20th of June I iflued my final Orders to the Governments of Fort St. George and Bombay, for calling your Armies into the Field on the Coafts of Coromandel and Malabar. Thefe Orders have been executed ; and I trufi: that ihe fubfequent Difclofure of the Projeds entertained by France againll the Britilh Empire in India, and the adventurous and daring Spirit with which thofe Proje(5ts have been profecuted, will fufliciently juftify to your Honorable Court the Meafures of Precaution, which I deemed it my Duty to adopt for the Defence of your Ter- ritories, although the immediate Effefl of thofe Meafures has ncceffarijy occafioned a large Increafe of your Expences, a Diminution of your commercial Inveflmenr, and a Sufpenfion of the Improvements which I had hoped to have accomplilhed in the State of your pecuniary Affairs. 13. It wouW have been a moft improvident and miftaken Economy, to have hazarded the permanent Safety of ths Britidi Empire in India, and to have aban- doned the Sources of your commercial Profperity, without Defence, to the Attack of C 7 3 of the Enemy, for the Piirpofe of preferving a fpedous and delufive Appearance of Security in a Coiijunfture of real Danger. 14. [ am perfuaded that the Wifdom and Juftice of your Honorable Court, will readily approve the Policy of facrificing a Degree of Temporary Advan- tage, to the important Objeft of providing an effedual Protcdion for the Fnundations of your Trade and Revenue, and for the Lifting Tranquillity of your Poflcflions ia India. I q. Under the ExpeiSVation of an approaching War with Tippoo Sultiun, aided by the French, tbe State of our Alliances with the Country Powers became an anxious Objedl of my Confidcration. 16. I have fubmitted a full Detail of my Opinions and Proceedings upon this Subjed:, to your Secret Committee, but it is my Duty in this Place to requeft the Attention of your Honorable Court, to the Condition in which I found our Alliance with his Highnefs the Nizam, and to the happy Improvement which Circumftances have enabled me to effeft in the Nature of our Conneflion with that Prince. 17. The Corps commanded by French OfRceis in the Service of the Nizam, which, during the laft VVar with Myfore, amounted to no more than 1500 Men, and was at that Period of Time fo defeftive in point of Difcipline, as to be raiher an Objeft of Contempt than of Jealoufy to your Governments in India, had gradually augmented its Numbers, and improved its Difcipline, under the Command of the late Monfieur Raymond, until at the Period of my Arrival in India it had nearly reached the Number of 14,000 Men, and had obtained a Degree of Difcipline fupcrior, in every Refpeft, to that of any native Infantry in India, excepting the Sepoys entertained in your Service. 18. This Corps formed the largeft and moft efficient Branch of the Military Eflabli.limtnt of his Highnefs ; and the French Officers K» 1 acquired a coiifidcrabie Afcendency in his Dominions, and had manifefted on feveral Occafions the Symptoms of a Difpofition fo arrogant, overbearing, and adventurous, as to excite Alarm in the Minds of His Highnefs and of his Minifters. Although his Highnefs had entered into no Engagement or Obligation which in any Degree bound him to retain this Party in his Service, and although their Tudden Dihniffion would at any Time have been C s ] been warranted by e\fery Principle of Juftice, and their Continuance at Hyderabad threatened the Independence, if not the Exiftence of his Highnefs's Throne ; yet the Nizam and his Miniflers confefied their Inability to check the Growth of a Power of which they acknowledged the dangerous Influence, and dreaded the dcftruftive Eftedl. 19. The Principles of the French OlTicers commanding this Army, were avowedly the fame v;ith thofe of the Perfons who, for fomeTime pafl-, have exercifed the Powers of Government in France, and iheir Enmity to the Britifh Interefts was declared on all Occafions. While this Army, commanded by Frenchmen of fuch Principles and Views, and of fuch uncontrouled Power, remained in the Service of the Nizam, his Highnefs's Alliance muft have proved a Source rather of Danger than of Advantage to the Company in the Event of a War with Tippoo Sultaun, and that Danger would have been greatly aggravated by any Co-operation which might have been afforded to Tippoo from France. Various other Confiderations will occur to the Wifdom and Experience of your Honorable Court, to prove the direift and collateral EfFedls which the Exiftence of a numerous armed French Party, in the Center of the Decan, muft have produced, whether in Time of War or of Peace, upon the whole Frame of your Political Interefts in India. 20. Under thefe Circumftances the Expulfion of the French Party from the Court of Hyderabad, appeared to me to be a neceflary Part of that Syftem of Pre- caution and Defence by which I hoped to be enabled either to encounter the PrefTure of War, or to fecure the Advantages of Peace. 21. With thefe Views, on the 8th of July, I inflrudted the ading Refident at Hyderabad to open a Negociation with his Highnefs the Nizam, propofing an Addi- tion to the Britifti Detachment ferving at Hyderabad, and ftipulating for the Difmif- fion of the Corps commanded by French Officers in His Highnefs's Service. 22. A new Subfidiary Treaty, founded on this Bafis, and embracing other col- lateral Arrangements (particularly fuch Conditions as appeared neceflTary for the Removal of all Caufes of Jealoufy, and for the Reftoration of Union and Concord between our two Allies, the Pefliwah and the Nizam) was figned by His Highnefs at Hyderabad on the ift September, and ratified by me in Council on the 18th of the fame Month. 23. By [ 9 ] 23. By this Treaty an Increafe is made in the Britifli Subfidiary Force ferving with His Highnefs of 4.400 Men, and an Increafe in the Annual Subfidy paid by His Highnefs, of about Nineteen Lacks of Rupees ; the former Subfidy having been 53,713 Arcot Rupees per Menfem, and the Subfidy under the new Treaty being 2,01,425 Arcot Rupees per Menfem, or 24,17,100 Arcot Rupees per Annum. 24. The Subrtancc of this Treaty was communicated to the Pcfhwj, both previoufly and fubfequently to its Conclufion; and at both Periods he exprcflcd his entire Approbation of the Nature and Tendency of the new Engagements, as well in their Operation upon the Intercfts of the Mahratta Empire, as upon thofe of the Nizam. 25. On the 13th July I ordered the Government of Fort St. George to aflem- ble fuch a Force in the Guntoor Circar, as might enable me to fulfil the Subfidiary Engagements of the Company under the new Treaty, at the earlieft poflible Period fubfequent to its Conclufion. This Meafure was executed with the utmoft: Degree of Promptitude and Alacrity by Lieutenant General Harris (at that Time uniting in his Perfon the Offices of Governor of Fort St. George, and Commander in Chief on the Coaft of Coromandel); to whofe Zeal and Public Spirit, and prompt Obe- dience on all Occafions wherein I have entrufted him with the Execution of my Orders, I am happy to be able to bear this public Teftimony. 26. The Britifli Detachment under the Command of Lieutenant Colonel Roberts reached Hyderabad on the loth of Odtober ; and on the 22d Odlober, under the Orders of His Highnefs the Nizam, and with the Co-operation of a Body of his Cavalry, furrounded the Camp of the French Army, difarmed all the Sepoys, and fecured the Perfons of all the French Officers then in the Camp. 27. This Operation was happily effeded without Bloodflied and without Conteft. A Mutiny having broken out io the French Camp on the preceding Day, and the Sepoys having imprilbned their Officers, the Refident at Hyderabad and Lieutenant Colonel Roberts, with the Confent of the Nizam, judicioufly availed themfelves of this favourable Opportunity to execute this important Meafure without Difficulty or Danger. 28. The Amount of the French Force difarmed on this Occafion, was about iT,ooo Men, from which Circumftance your Honorable Court will obferve that a Pare of the Corps was abfent on Detachment, as v/ill appear by Reference tothcRe- D turn. [ lo ] turn, N? 2, of the French Officers arretted on the zzd of October; Meafures have been taken for the Arreft of thofe who commanded the detached Force. The French Officers, by my particular Orders, were treated with every practicable Degree of Attention and Humanity. At the Period of their Arreft by our Troops, their Perfons were in Confinement, and their Lives in Danger, from the Mutiny prevailing in their Camp; and the greatelt Difficulty which Colonel Roberts encountered was, that of rcfcuing the imprifoned Officers from the Violence of their own Sepoys. Particular Care was taken to fave the Property of the Officers for their Ufe, as well as to obtain for them fuch Arrears of Pay and Allowances as were due to them from His Highnefs. Captain Kirkpatrick informs me, that he has been completely fuccefsful in effedting both thefe defirable Objedts. The French Officers are now on their Paflage to this Prefidency on board the Bombay Frigate, which I had previoufly ftationed at Mafuli- patam for their Accommodation : On their arrival at Calcutta, it is my Intention to receive them with the Confideration due to their refpedtive Ranks, and to allow them every Indulgence compatible with the Security of their Perfons. I propofe to fend them to Europe by the earlieft Opportunity ; ufing the Precaution of difperfing them in different Ships. 29. On their Arrival in England, I have engaged that they fliall not be treated as Prilbners of War, but (hall be immediately tranfported to France, without fufFering any Detention for an Exchange of Prifoners. The Treaty under which this Meafure was executed, has been .already forwarded overland to your Secret Committee, and it now forms a Number of the Secret Difpatch by the Eurydice. 30. The Effeft of the Meafure will, I truft, be highly favourable to your Poli- tical Interefts in the Peninfula of India. The Britifh Subfidiary Force now ftationed in the Dominions of His Highnefs the Nizam, while it muft tend to cement the Con- nection between the Company and that Prince, and to render him a more ufeful and efficient Ally in the Event of War, will operate at all Times as an effeiftua! Protection to your Pofleffions in the Northern Circars ; and the total Subverfion of the French Influence in the Decan, unJer all the Circumftances of the prefent Momeni:, is an Event from which I expect to derive, not only additional Security for your Territories, but for the general Tranquillity of India. 31. Among your Servants who have been concerned in the Execution of my Orders on this Occafion, 1 have already recommended Lieuccnant-General Harris to 5 your [ II 1 your favourable Notice; to his Name it is my Duty to add thole of Captain Kirk- patrick, and of Lieutenant-Colonel Roberts. I found the former in the Situation of Afting Refident at Hyderabad ; and to his Zeal, Addrefs, Difcretion, and Firmnefs, I attribute the early Succefs of the Negotiation entrufled to his Management, 32. Upon the Refignation of Colonel Kirkpatrick, I took Occafion to manifeft my Senfe of Captain Kirkpatrick's Merits, by appointing him Refident at the Court of the Nizam. 33. To the Ability and Temper of Lieutenant-Colonel Roberts, afting under the judicious Inftrudions of the Refident, I attribute the complete and fatisfaftory Execution of the Articles of the Treaty relating to the DifmifTion of the French Army; and his conciliatory and humane Condud towards the Officers dcferves the higheft Commendation. 34. The Rumours which have prevailed of the intended Approach of Zeman Shah to the Frontier of Hindoftan, although of a vague and contraditftory Nature, appeared to me not wholly undeferving of Attention ; and I have the Satisfadlion to inform you, that every poffible Precaution has been taken for the effedtual Defence of the Frontier of Oude. I am happy to be able to inform you, that although I fbund the Subfidy of the Nabob Vizier confiderably in Arrear, I have fucceeded in perfuading his Excellency to difcharge a large Pare of it ; and, in Juftice to his Ex- cellency, I am bound to declare, that I have found him fincerely difpofed to fulfil his Engagements under the Treaty concluded by Lord Teignmouth, and to manifeft on every Occafion a cordial Attachment to the Interefts of the Company. The Situ- ation of Affairs on the Coaft of Coromandel, and the Neceffity of providing againft the poffible Event of War with Tippco Sultaun, have hitherto prevented me from vifiting the Upper Provinces. But I have not been unmindful of the Affairs of Oude; and I truft that I fhall foon be able to turn my undivided Attention to the Improve- ment of the Civil and Military Eftabliffiments of the Nabob Vizier. 35. Although I have deemed it my Duty to call your Armies into the Field in every Part of India, my Views and Expedations are all direded to the preferva- tion of Peace, which, in the prefent Crifis, cannot otherwife be fecured than by a Stnte of forward Preparation for War. In the meanwhile, you may rely on my unremitting Efforts to confine your Expences within the moft narrow Limits, and to rife your commercial inveftment to the higheft Scale compatible with the indif- penfable [ iz 3 penfable Neceflity of providing for the Security of your Pofleffions, In the Execu- tion of my Orders for the Protedion of your Territories on the Coaft of Malabar_, I am much indebted to the Zeal and Diligence of Mr. Duncan and General Stuart ; and the Vigilance and Firmnefs manifefted by the Government of Bombay, on the firfl: Intelligence of the Progrefs of the French Arms in Egypt, have obtained my public and cordial Approbation. It is alfo a peculiar Satisfaction to me to inform your Honorable Court, that I have received ftom Lord Clive the mod ready and honorable Support in the Preparations for the Defence of the Carnatic ; and that, repofing the moft implicit Confidence in his Lordfliip's anxious Solicitude for the Profperity of the general Adminiftration of your Affairs entrufted to my Hands, as- well as in his afliduous Attention to the peculiar Duties of his own Station-, I expert to derive confiderable Benefit to your Service from a fincere Union with him, in the important Tafk of preferving and improving the Interefts committed to our joint Charge. 36. Notwithflanding the great ftrength of the military force now in India, I have deemed it my Duty, for the further Security of this Prefidency, to embody the Militia, compofed of the European and Armenian Inhabitants of Calcutta, and my Orders for this Purpofe have been obeyed with an Alacrity and Zeal which flrongly indicate the Refolucion of your Civil Servants, and of all the European and" Armenian Inhabitants of Calcutta, to devote their perfohal Services to the Defence of the Seat of your Supreme Government, in any Exigency which may arife. My Intention is to eftablifh this ufeful Corps upon a permanent Foundation, as an Inftj- tution from which great Advantage may hereafter be derived. * No. IV. No. IV. Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General in Council at Fort St. George; dated the 12th January, 1799. Public Department. To the Honorable the Court of Diredlors for Affairs of the Honorable the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indies. Honorable Sirs, On the 2d January the Right Honorable the Governor General took his feat in Council at this Prefidency, and recorded a minute, in which his Lordfliip has been pleafed to explain the reafons which induced him to vifit this Prefidency. We have the honour to enclofe a copy of this minute, to which we beg leave to refer you. We are happy that our endeavours to meet the vviflies of the Governor General have received his Lordlhip's approbation ; and being fcnfible of the importance of his prefence in this place, during the prefent moft critical conjundlure, we have afiured him of our moft cordial co-operation and affiftance in the condudl of the arduous affairs which engage his Lordlhip's attention. We are, Honorable Sirs, Your fauhful humble fervants, (Signed) MoRNINGTON, Clive, Fort St. George, Wm. Petrie, 1 2th January, 1799. E. W. FallofIeld. No. V. [ H ] No. V. Copy of the Governor General's Minute, dated Fort St. George^ 2d January, i 799. The Governor General. The critical flate of our aftual fituation with Tippoo, muft ncceffarily require frequenc references to the Governor General in Council, on a variety of important points, which v/ill demand 'a prompt and immediate decifion. My continuance in Bengal during fuch a crifis, might have been attended with great inconvenience to the public fervice, and the feafon for aftive operations might have been confumed, before my opinion could have been obtained on the fcveral emergencies which may be expcftcd to arife. The confideration of this inconvenience is the principal mo- tive, which has induced me to proceed to this Prcfidency j and I am happy to take this opportunity of declaring, that I fliould not have felt my prefcnce to have been at all requifite for the purpofe of adding energy or vigour to fuch branches of the public fervice, as fall within the particular duty of this Government. — I am per- feftly fatisfied with the condudt of this Government, in the refpeftable hands to which it has been committed; and I am pcrfuaded that I fliould always have found the fame cordial, manly, and honourable fupport from your Lordfliip in Council, which has already obtained the public tefliimony of my unqualified approbation. My objedt, therefore, in taking my feat at this Board, is no other than to deprive our enemies of the advantages which they might derive, under the prcfent circum- ftances, from the remote fituation of the power cntrufted to me from the probable fcene of adtion. — The proviCons of the law require, that the authority of the Go- vernor in Council at Fort St. George, fhould be vcfted in my hands during my refi- dence at this Prcfidency : the public ads and proceedings of this Government muft accordingly pafs in my name; but I, anxious as well from motives of perfonal re- fpcd:, as from confideraiions connected with the public fervice, that my refidence at this Prefidency fhould in no degree impair the prefent or future dignity and influ- ence of Lord Clive-, I therefore am defirous of abftaining from all unnecefiTary inter- ference in the details of this Government, nor do I wifh to difturb the fyftcm efta- bliflied under his Lordftiip's immediate diredion by the interpofition of my power of fupcrintendance on the fpot, beyond the limits of the ordinary exercife of that power C '5 ] power at the feat of the Supreme Government in Bengal ; I therefore rcqueft that Lord Clive, and the members of this Council, will take the trouble of conducing the details of thi^ Government, cfpecially ihofe which relate to the patronage of the Governor in Council, according to the principles which have been obferved by his Lordihip fince his arrival in India; and I am fatisiied that I fhall derive the utmoft degree of advantage froii the iinired zeal, talents, experience, and afTiduity of thofe whom I have the honour to addrefs, while my principal attention muft be devoted to the fuperintendance of the general interefls of nil the Company's poffefTions, and of the fecurity and defence of the Britifh empire in India, againft the various dan- gers by which it has recently been menaced. . (Signed) Mornington. A true Copy. (Signed) J. Webbe, Fort St. George, Sec" to Gov'. 2d Jan. 1799. No. VI. Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor and Council of Fort St. George to the Court of Directors, dated 13th January, 1799. Public Department. To the Honorable the Court of Direftors for Affairs of the Honorable the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indies, Honorable Sirs, Par. I. Our addrefs of the 15th October laft, to the Secret Committees, will have eiiabled them to apprize your Honorable Court of the very critical fituation in which the Britifh interefts in India were at that time placed. 2. The mcafures which have been taken for defeating the defigns of the enemy. [ i6 ] enemy, and for the proteftion of your poffeffions, will doubtlefs have been fully communicated to your Honorable Court by the Supreme Government ; it is there- fore fofficicnt tor us at prefent to inform you, that, for the eft'ciStual execution of ihofe meafures, the Right Honorable the Governor General has deemed his prefencc , neceflary at this Prefidency. 3. In conformity to this refolution, his Lordfliip arrived at this place on the 31ft ultimo, upon His Majefly's (hip La Sybelle. 4. On the 2d inftant a proclamation was accordingly made of his Lordlhip's arrival, for the purpofe of exercifing the powers and authorities vefted in him, by the Act of the 33d of His prefent Majefty, as Governor General in Council at Fort St. George. We are. Honorable Sirs, Your faithful humble fervants, (Signed) Clive, Fort St. George, Wm. Petrie, 13th January, 1799. E. W. Fallofield. No. VII. Extract of Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General to the Secret Committee; dated Fort St. George, 15th March, 1799. To the Secret Committee of the Honorable Court of Direftors. Honorable Sirs, I have the honor to inform you, that the arm.y under the command of General Harris entered the territory of Myfore on the 5th inftant. The General c. mmrnced his operations by the capture of feveral forts upon the frcntier ( f Myfore, which it became neceflary for our troops to occupy, in order that the different convoys from the Baramahal might fufFer no interruption. Thefe forts were all furrendercd without refiftance. 7 The C 17 3 The lateft accounts from the army are of the loth inftant, when it had ad- vanced to Aricul; at which time General Harris expefted to reach Seringapatam by the 24th at farthell. On the day General Harris paffed the frontier, he forwarded, by my dircdtion, a letter from me to Tippoo Sultaun, of which a copy is inclofed. No anfwer had been received to that letter on the loth inftant. No fatisfadtory account of the ftate of the French army in Egypt has yet reached me, nor any intelligence of Commodore Blanket's arrival at his ftation. Since I bad the honor of addrefllng my laft: letter to you, I have received the fulleft and moft authentic information of the circumftances ftated in the poftfcript of my letter of the 13th February, relative to the miflion of Monf. De Berc with native Vakeels from Tippoo Sultaun to the Executive Diredory of France. They embarked on the 7th ultimo from Tranquebar, and are to touch at the Ifle of France. I have the honor to inclofe a Copy of a Declaration publilhed by Lieutenant General Harris, in the name of the Allies, on entering the territory of Myfore. No. VIII. Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General to the Court of Directors; dated 20th March, 1799- To the Honorable the Court of Direftors. Honorable Sirs, 1 . In my feparate difpatch of the 2 1 ft of November, by the Eurydice, I informed your Honorable Court, that although I had deemed it my duty to call your armies into the field in every part of your pofleftions, my views and expeftations were all diredted to the prefervation of peace in India. 2. In the letter of the 13th of January, from the Governor General in Council at Fort St. George, I apprized your Honorable Court of my arrival at this Prefi- dency, to which I thought it my duty to proceed from Bengal, in the hope of opening a negotiation with Tippoo Sultaun, for the amicable adjuftment of the F differences [ i8 ] difFtrences which bad arifen between that Prince and the Honorable Company's Government. 3. In my difpatches to the Secret Committee of your Honorable Court, I have regularly tranfmitted advices of the ftate of political affitirs in India, and I have fully explained the principles which have governed my conduft, not only towards Tippoo Sultaun, but towards all the Native Powers, fince I have taken charge of the Government General. 4. Having ultimately been compelled to commence hoflilities againft Tippoo Sultaun, it is now become my duty to lay before your Honorable Court an accurate detail of the caufes of the war, in which we are engaged, 5. For this purpofe, it will be neceflary to draw your attention to a period of time as remote as the month of June, 1798, and to trace from that date the progrefs of thofe events, which have finally produced the neceffity of reforting to arms for the fccurity of your interefls committed to my charge. Enclofurc, 6. A proclamation ifTued by the Governor General of the Ifle of France, in the month of February, 1798, made its firft appearance at Calcutta on the 8th June of the fame Year. 7. This proclamation ftates, that an embaffy had arrived at the Ifle of France with letters from Tippoo Sultaun, addreflfed not only to the Government of that Ifland, but to the Executive Direftory of France ; propofing to conclude an offen- five and defenfive alliance with the French, to fubfidize and to fupply whatever troops the French might furniih to the Sultaun, and to commence againft the Britifli power in India, a war of aggreffion, for which the Sultaun is declared to be fully prepared, waiting with anxiety the moment when the fuccour of France fhall enable him to fatisfy his ardent defire of expelling the Britifh Nation from India. The procla- mation concludes by offering encouragement to the fubjeds of France, to enter into the fervice of Tippoo Sultaun, on terms to be fixed with his Ambafladors then on the fpot. 8. Although I was inclined, in the firft inflance, to doubt the authenticity of this extraordinary publication, I thought it advifeable to tranfmit a copy of it, on the 9th of June, to Lieut. General Harris (then Governor of Fort St. George, and Commander in Chief on the Coaft of Coromandel) informing him, that if the proclamation fhould prove authentic, it muft lead to a ferious difcuffion with Tippoo 1 Sultaun ; C 19 ] Sultaun ; and direfting" Lieut. General Harris to confider, without delay, the means of aflembling the army on the Coafl: of Coromandel, if neceffity fliould unfortunately require fuch a precaution. 9. On the i8th June, 179^, I received a regular authentication of the procla- mation, in a letter from his Excellency the Earl of Macartney, dated the 28th of March; and, at the fame time, fcveral perfons arrived at Calcutta, who had been prefent in the Ifle of France at the time of the publication of the proclamation.' :o. By a ftrid examination of the mofl: refpeftable of thefe perfons, I was enabled to obtain an authentic and accurate ftatement of all the material circum- ftances attending the publication of the proclamation at the Ifle of France; the fubftance of which ftatement I have already forwarded to your Secret Comm.ittee, and now have the honor to fubmic to your Honorable Court. 11. Tippoo Sultaun difpatched two Ambaffadors, who embarked at Mangalore for the Ifle of France, and arrived at Port Nord-oueft in that ifland, towards the clofe of the month of January 179S. The Ambaffadors were received publicly and formally by the French Government, with every circumftance of diftindlion and refpeft, and they were entertained at the public expence during their continuance on the Ifland. 12. Previous to the arrival of the Ambaffadors on the Ifland, no idea or rumour exifted there of any aid to be furniftied to Tippoo Sultaun by the French, or of any profpeft of a war between that Prince and the Company ; but within two days after the arrival of the Ambaffadors, the proclamation in queftion was fixed up in the mofl: public places, and circulated through the town of Port Nord-oueft. 13. The Ambafladors, far from protefting againft the matter or ftyle of the proclamation, held without referve, in the moft public manner, the fame language which it contains with refpeft to war of aggreffion to be commenced by Tippoo Sultaun againft the Britifli poflTeflions in India, and they even fuffered the procla- mation to be publicly diftributed by their agents at the place of their refidence. 14. The Ambafladors were prefent when the French Government proceeded to adt under the proclamation in queftion ; and the ambaffadors aided and affifted the execution of the proclamation, by making promifes, in the name of Tippoo Sultaun, for the purpofe of inducing recruits to enlift in his fervice. 15- The [ 20 ] 15- The AmbaHadors propofed to levy men to any praflicable extent, ftating their powers to be unlimited with rcfpcft to the force to be raifed in the name of Tippoo Sultaun. They entered into certain ftipulations and engagements in the name of the Sultaun (according to the tenor of the laft paragraph of the pro- clamation) with feveral Frenchmen, and others, particularly with Mr. Dubuc, whom the AmbafTadors engaged in the fervice of their Sovereign, for the cxprefs purpofe of affifting in the war to be immediately commenced againft the Britifli power in India. 1 6. The proclamation therefore originated in the arrival of Tippoo's Ambafiadors at the Ifle of France ; it was diftributed by their agents, it was avowed in every part by their own public declarations, and finally it was executed, according to its tenor, by their perfonal affiftance and co-operation. 17. On the 7th of March, 1798, the Ambaffadors embarked at Port Nord- oueft, on board the French frigate La Preneufe, together with the force thus nifed in the name of Tippoo Sultaun, amounting to about two hundred men, inclufive of feveral officers, the chiefs of whom were M. Dubuc and Chapny. 18. Such is the fubftance of the evidence obtained from the perfons who were prefent in the Ifle of France during the refidence of Tippoo's AmbafTadors ; from other authentic fources I learnt the fequel of the tranfadion. 19. The French frigate La Preneufe, with the Sultaun's AmbnflTadors, and the French troops levied for his fervice, arrived at Mangalore on the 26th April, 1798. 20. An opportunity now occurred of afcertaining, beyond the poffibility of doubt, whether the adts of the Sultaun's AmbafTadors in the Ifle of France were conformable to the inftru6lions of their Sovereign. For although the prefumption was already fufhciently powerful, that the AmbafTadors would not have ventured to tranfgrefs the limit of their commiflion in a matter of fuch momentous importance, as the concluCon of oflTenfive engagements with the French againft the Englilh E:ift-India Company, it yet remained a queftion, whether Tippoo Sultaun would venture openly to avow proceedings, which could not fail to expofe him to the juft rcfentment of your Government. 21. This queflion was immediately folved, for the Sultaun, without hefitation, permitted the French force to land publicly at Mangalore; and, far from manifefting the [ 21 ] the leafl: fymptom of difapprobation of the condu(ft of the embafly in any part of th? negotiaiion, he formally received his Ambaffadors, and the French OfHcers, and principal perfons in their fuite, with public and extraordinary marks of honor and diftinflion ; and finally, he admitted the greater part of the French force raifed for the purpofe of making war upon the Honorable Company, into his fervicc, in which it is .ftill entertained. 22. By this public and unequivocal fanftion, he mud be confidcred, not only to have perfonally ratified the engagements contained in the proclamation of thp Governor General of the Ifle of France, but to have taken the preliminary meafures for accomplilhing the defign which the Ambaffadors had avowed in his name. 23. Tippoo Sultaun therefore, having aftually concluded ofFenfive and defen- iive engagements with the French againft the Honorable Company; having colledted, by the aid of the French, a force openly deftined to carry thofe engagements into eflfeft ; having applied to the Executive DirecStory of France for a more powerful force deflined to the fame end ; having fignified, through his public Ambaffadors, to the enemy, that his preparations for war (as far as they depended upon himfelf) were adlually complete; having avowed the objedt of thofe preparations to be the fub- verfion of the Britilh Empire in India ; and finally, having declared the delay of the meditated blow to proceed from no other caufe, than his expeflatlon of receivirg further aid from the enemy ; I could not hefitate to pronounce, that he had flagrantly violated the treaties of peace fubfifting between him and the Honorable Company ; and that he had committed an aft of dired: hoftility and aggreffion againft the Britifh Government in India. 24. To confirm the conclufions neceffarily refulting from the fafts already flated, I received undoubted information, that Tippoo Sultaun had, for fome time paft, been employed in military preparations, conformably to the hoftile fpirit of his engagements with the enemy ; that the greater part of his army was actually in a ftate of equipment for the field ; and that a large portion of it was then encamped under his perfonal command. 25. To your Honorable Court it would be fuperfluous to obferve, that no pro- vocation had been offered by any of your Governments in India, to juftify or to pal- liate any aft of hoftility, or even any emotion of jealoufy or fufpicioii, on the part of Tippoo Sultaun ; but I think it necefTary to remark in this place, that at the very G moment [ 22 ] moment of receiving the authentic copy of the proclamation iflued in the Ifle of France, I had ordered the difputed diftri(El of Wynaad to be delivered to the Sulcaun, after a public acknowledgement of the juflice of his claim to that poffcffion, and I hid propofed to open an nmicable negotiation for the purpofe of adjufting his recent claims to a part of the diflridl of Coorga, on fimllar principles of equity, according to the tenor of the feventh article of the treaty of Seringapatam. 26. The Sulraun himfelf had not attempted to alledge even the pretext of a grievance againO: the Britifh Government. In his letters to Sir John Shore (written a fhort time before the return of the Myforean AmbafTadors from the Ifle of France, and received at Fort William on the 26th April, 1798, the day on which the French force landed at Mangalore) Tippoo declares, " That his friendly heart is dlfpofed to " pay every regard to truth and juftice, and to flrengthen the foundation of harmony " and concord between the two nations;" and he fignifies his defire, that " Sir John " Shore would imprefs Lord Mornington with a fenfe of the friendlhip and unanimity *' fo firmly fubfifting between the two States." 27. This is not the language of hoflility, nor even of difcontent. From what difpofition in the friendly heart of the Sultaun thefe amicable profeflions have pro- ceeded, how they are connedted with a regard to truth and juftice, or calculated to Ilrengthen the foundations of harmony and concord, and to imprefs me with a fenfe of the firmnefs of the Sultaun's friendfliip, your Honorable Court can now determine without difficulty, fince it is now proved, that thefe letters were written at the very crifis when he was in anxious expedation of the hourly arrival of that military fuc- cour which he had earnetlly folicited from the enemy, for the exprefs purpofe of commencing a war of aggrefTion againfl the Company's pofTefTions. 28. That Tippoo Sultaun had not yet received the effedtual fuccour which he had folicited from the French, might have been afcribed either to the diftrafted flate of the Government of Mauritius, or to their war.-: of zeal in his caufe, or to the rafhnefs and imbecility of his own councils; but neither the meafure of his hoflility, nor of our right to reftrain it, nor of our danger from it, were to be eftimated by the magnitude of the force which he had actually obtained, for I knew that his demands of military alfiftance were unlimited ; I knew that they were addrefied not merely to the Govern- ment of the Mauritius, but to the Executive Diredory of France, and I could not ifcertain how foon, either by fomc revolution in the Government of the Mauritius, or t ^3 ] or by direft intercourfe with France, thofe demands migli: be fatisfied to the full ex- tent of his acknowledged expedatlons. 29. Under all thefe circumdances an immediate attack upon Tippoo Sultaun, for the purpofe of fruftrating the execution of his unprovoked and unwarrantable projeds of ambition and revenge, appeared to mc to be demanded by the foundefl maxims, both of juftice and policy. 30. The a6t of Tippoo Sultaun's Ambafladors, ratified by himfelf, and fol- lowed by the admiffion of a French force into his army, was equivalent to a public, unqualified, and unambiguous declaration of war. But while his hoftile purpofe had been clearly manifefted, the immediate means of accomplilhing it had happily dif- appointed the ardour of his hopes. 31. The inconfiderable amount of the aid which he had already received from the French, while it could not be conftrued as a limitation of my jufl right to vin- dicate the public fafety, afforded a ftrong argument of policy in favour of attacking this defperate, implacable, and treacherous enemy, before he could either complete the Improvement of his own army, under the French officers whom he had already ad- mitted into his fervice, or could receive a further accefiion of flrength, under the progreffive operation of his alliance with France. 32. In the moment of his comparative weaknefs, of his difappointment, and probable dejeftion, the principles of juftifiable fclf-defence, and of prudential pre- caution, required that we (hould flrike fuch an inftantaneous blow againft his power and refources, as fhould preclude the pofllbiiity of his deriving any fubftantial advan- tage from the aid of France, whenever it might reach his dominions. 33. Such was the tenor of my opinions as early as the 20th of June, 179S. Although at that early period I could not afcertain from what quarter the French would attempt to aflifl the Sultaun, I recorded my convidion that fome attempt to aflift him would be among thecarlicft of their operations. The conclufion of peace upon the Continent of Europe, the weak flate of our allies in India (particularly of the Ni- zam, whofc councils and army were at that period fubjecled to the overbearing influence of a powerful French fadlon) might appear both to Tippoo and to France to offer a favourable crifis for the attack of the Britifh PofTefTions in India. The difpofition of the French Government to attempt fuch an enterprize has never been difguifed, and although 1 had not obtained pofitive proof that any formal and regular corre- fpondence [ 24 ] fpondence between Tippoo Sultaun and the Executive Diredory of France, had cxifted, previous to the embafl'y and letters which arrived at the Mauritius in January 1798, yet the nature of that tranfaction afforded a ftrong prefumption tliat a previous intercoufe of the fame hoftile charadter had taken place. This prefumption was further corroborated by my certain knowledge, that for foine time paft various cmiflaries of France had reached the councils of Tippoo Sultaun, and that through their reprefentations he had been taught to entertain a confident expedation of fpeedy and efFedual fupporr. "4. Even admitting that this expeflation was likely to be fruftrated, either by a failure of faith on the pare of France, or by the vigilance and fuperior power of His Majefty's fleets, I was apprized that Tippoo had alfo difpatched an embally to Zemaun Shah, the objeft of which could be no other than to encourage that Prince in the profecution of his long threatened invaiion of Hindoftan. The whole tenor of my advices from the north-weftern countries of Hindonftan, led me to believe that Zemaun Shah would crofs the Attock, and would endeavour to purfue his avowed prcjeft of invafion in the courfe of the enfuing feafon ; and it ^appeared probable that his approach, which muft necefTarily engage the attention of the army in Bengal, might be the fignal to Tippoo Sultaun for an irruption into the Carnatic. 35. In addition to thefe confiderations, it appeared by no means improbable, that the impetuofity of Tippoo Sultaun's temper, exaiperated by the afTiduous and un- remitting inftigations of the emifTaries of France, might break forth into hoftilities without waiting for the aftual movement of any Indian or European Ally. His late embaiTy to the Ifle of France, fufficiently manifefted a difpofkion capable of purfning its favourite objedtof vengeance againft the Britifh Nation with more zeal than difcre- tion. It is my duty further to remark, that in the month of June 1798, the diftri- buiion and condition of the army on the Coafl: of Coromandel, to which I fhall advert more fully in a fubfequent part of this difpatch, offered but too ftrong a temptation to the enterprizeof a faithltfs and aftive enemy. Under fuch circumftances it would have been an unmanly and weak policy to have confided the fiifety of the Carnatic to the precarious forbearance of Tippoo Suhaun, or to have left him any lonser in the undifturbcd poffeffion of the powerful advantage of being able to cHufe, accord- ing to his convenienc-e, the time and mode of the attack which he had cpeniy me- naced. 36, I therefore recorded my decided judgment, that it was neceffary to affemble 3 the [ ^5 ] the armies on the Coall of Coromandel and Malabar without delay, and I iffued my final orders for this purpofe on the 20th June 179S. 37. To affemble the army on both coafls was an indifpenfable precaution, which I could not have been juftified in omitting, from the moment that I was ap- prifed of Tippoo Sulraun's ofTenfive engagements with the French, and of the landinc of a French force at Mangalore. But being refolved on all occafions to fubmit to your Honorable Court a full and diftind: view of the whole fcope of my motives anti in- tentions, I have no helitacion in declaring, that my original refolution was (if circum- ftances would have admitted) to have attacked the Sultaun inftantly, and on both fides of his dominions, for the purpofe of defeating his hoftile preparations, and of anticipating their declared object ; I was concerned however to learn, fromperfons moft converfant in military details at Fort St. George (notvvithftanding the diftin- guifhed difcipline of your army on the Coall of Coromandel, and the eminent valour, aftivity, and fkillof its Officers) its difperfed flate, and certain radical defefts in its eflabliftiments, would render the alfembling a force, equal to ofFenfive movcmentg againft Tippoo, a much more tedious and difficult operation than I had appre- hended. 38. Some Officers of approved military talents, experience, and integrity, at Fort St. George, declared that your army in the Carnatic could not be aflembled for oftcnfive purpofes before the commencement of the year 1800, and that a period of fix months would be required for its equipment, even for the purpofe of defending the Carnatic againfl: any fudden attack. The difficulty of aflembling and moving your army on the Coaft of Coromandel, furniflied indeed an alarming proof of the defencelefs and perilous ftate of the Carnatic in that arduous conjundlure. But in proportion to the prcfTure of that difficulty, the neceffity of an inftantaneous and aflive exertion became more urgent ; for whether the army, when ailembled, was to anti- cipate or to await the attack of Tippoo Sultaun, it appeared an equally indifpenfable meafure of precaution to refume, without delay, the power of meeting that vindi^^ive and reftlefs Prince in the Fie'd. I was not therefore difcouraged, either by the fug- geftions to which I have referred, or by fubfequent reprefentations of a fimilar cha- rafler and tendency, from infifting on the immediate execution of my orders for aflembling the army ; and adverting to the fatal confequences which have formerly been experienced in the Carnatic, by neglefling to keep pace with the forvvardnefs of hoftile equipments in Myfore, I refolved to encruft the protetftion of your poircffions H oa L ^^ ] on the Coaft of Coromandtl, to no other fecurity than a complete and early ftate of preparation for war. "o. At Bombay, my orders for affembling the army were executed with great promptitude and alacrity, unaccompanied by any fympcoms of Indifpofition to thofe united and zealous efforts, which the exigency of the crifis demanded from every branch of your civil and military fcrvicc. 40. The unavoidable delay which obflriided the aflembling your army in the Carnatic, having compelled me to relinquilh my firft intention of ftriking an imme- diate blow awainfl; the power and refources of Tippoo Sultaun, I applied rayfelf to the formation of fuch a permanent fyflem of preparation and defence, as while it tended to reftore to the Government of Fort St. George, with all pradlicable difpatch, the power of repelling any ai5t of aggreffion on the part of Tippoo Sultaun, might ulti- mately enable me to demand both a juft indemnification for the expence which the Sultaun's violation of treaty had occafioned to your Government, and a feafonable fecurity againft the confequences of his recent alliance with the enemy. 41, With this view, while the army was affembling on the Coafls of Coroman- del and Malabar, my early attention was direcfled to ftrengthen and improve the de- fenfive alliance concluded between the Honorable Company, and Their Highnefles the Nizam and the Pelhwah, under the treaties of Paangul, Poonah, and Seringapatam, for the purpofe of eftablilhing a barrier againft the ambition and revenge of Tippoo Sultaun. 4'.. The flate of this alliance afforded abundant matter of painful anxiety ; I found both the Pediwah and the Nizam (whofe refpedive power it was the objeft of the treaty of Seringapaum to maintain in fuch a flate of efficiency as might render them ufeful allies in the event of a war with iVIyfore) reduced to the loweft condition of depreffion and weaknefs, the former by the intrufion of Doulut Row Sindia, and the latter by the threatened hoftilities of the fame Chieftain, and by the eftablifhment of a numerous and adive French fadion in the centre of the Decan; and while the internal convulfions of each State had diminifhed the refources of both, their co-operation againft Tippoo Sultaun had become impradicable by the progrefs of their mutual animofities and diffentions. 43. In this fccne of general confufion, the power of Tippoo Sultaun alone (which it had been the policy of all our alliances and treaties to reduce) had I remained L ^7 3 remained undifiiirbed ar.d unimpaired, if ic had not been augtr.ented and im- proved. 44. The final reful? to the Britifti Government appeared to me to be, firft, the entire lofs of the benefit of the treaty of triple alliance againft Tippoo Sultaun, by the utter inability of our allies to fulfil their dcfenfive engagements with the Company; and, fecondly, the eftablifliment of a French army of 14,000 men, in the dominions of one of our allies, in the vicini:y of the territories of our irrecon- cileable enemy, and on the confines of the Carnacic and of the Northern Circars. 45. In this ftate of our political relations, the Company was expofed, without the aid of a fingle ally, to the hazard of a contefl with the united force of Tippoo Sultaun and of the French. 46. My feparatc difpatch, under date the 21ft of November, forwarded by the Eurydice, will have apprized your Honorable Court of the meafures which I took for the purpofe of reftoring to His Highnefs the Nizam, the power of fulfilling his defenfive engagements with the Company. 47. At the fame time my endeavours were employed, with equal afliduity, to give vigour and effeift to the treaties fubfifting with Kis Highnefs the Pefhwah. The return of Nana Furnaveefs to the adminiftration, afforded, for feme time, a jufi: expeftation that our alliance with the Mahrattas would fpeedily be reftored with additional vigour and advantage ; bat the increafing diftradtions of the Mahratta Empire, unfortunately fruftrated the wife counfels of that experienced and able ftatef- man, and difappointed my views at the Court of Poonah; I had however the fatif- faftion to afcertain, that the difpofition of that Court, under the adminiftration of Nana, continued perfectly favourable to the Britifli interefts ; and that want of power would be the fole caufe of its inadion, in the event of a war with Tippoo Sultaun. 48. Towards the commencement of the month of Auguft 1798, 1 learnt the pre- parations making by the French in the Mediterranean. Various circumftances attend- ing the equipment of that armament, inclined me to apprehend, that at leaft a part of it might be deftined for an expedition to India, although I could not believe that the attempt would be made through Egypt. Under thefe imprefllons, I took the earlicfl: opportunity of direfting the attention of Rear Admiral Rainier to the Coaft of Malabar, and at the fame time I propofed to ftrengthen His Mnjefiy's fquadron in [ ^8 ] in thefe feas, according to any arrangement which his Excellency might fiiggeft, and I iflued orders to the Governments of Fort St. George and Bombay to attend to His Excellency's fuggeftions on this important fubjed. I am happy to inform your Honorable Court, that His Excellency, with the ucmoft readinefs, acceded to the propofinon which I had fuggefled to him, with refpe(5t to the defence of the Coaft of Malabar, although his original intention had been to proceed, in the firft inllance, to the Straits of Malacca. 49. On the 1 8th of September I ratified the new fubfidiary treaty with the Nizam, of which I have ftated the fubftance in my feparate difpatch of the 21ft of November, by the Eurydice. 50. On the 18th of Ocftober, I received the firfl authentic information of the invafion of Egypt by the French, and of the progrefs of their arms in that country. 51. It is unneceffary to call the attention of your Honorable Court, to the evident connexion of the invafion of Egypt with the joint defigns of the French and of Tippoo Sultaun, againll; the Britilh Power in India; and I truft it is now equally fuperfluous to enter into any detailed reafoning for the purpofe of fatisfying you of the fecurity which, at that pt-iiod of time, would have refulted to your inter- efts in India, if my original intention of anticipating the hoftile projedls of Tippoo Sultaun could have been carried into immediate efFedt, according to my anxious wifh. The neceffity, however, of either compelling Tippoo Sultaun to detach him- felffrom the interefts of France, or of depriving him ofthe power of co-operating with the French, if they Ihould be enabled to reach Indi.3, now became too evident to admit of any doubt. My opinion had long been decided, that no negociation with Tippoo Sultaun could be fuccefsful, unlefs accompanied by fuch a difpofition of our force as fliould alarm him for the fafety of his Capital, and that no military operation could effcdt an adequate or fpeedy redu6lion of his power, unlefs direded immediately to the fiege of that city. 52. On the 2oth of Odlober, therefoYe, I gave peremptory orders to the Go- vernment of Fort St. George, for completing the equipment of their battering train, and for advancing it with all prafticable difpatch to the moft eligible ftacion on the frontier ofthe Carnatic, with a view of proceeding towards Seringnpatam at the ear- lieft poffible period, if fuch a movement into Myfore fhould become necefTary. At the fame time, I fignified to the Government of Fort St. George, my intention of reinforcing t 29 ] reinforcing their srmy with 3,000 Volunteers from the native infantry, on tlie eftablifliment of Bengal, who had offered their fervices with the utmoft alacrity and zeal. 53. To the Government of Bombay I ifiued further orders, for the colle(flion, not only of their troops, but of the largeft poffible fupplieson the Coaft of Malabar. ^4. On the 22d of Odober (as I have already informed your Honorable Court) the difmiffion of the French fadtion in the Nizam's army was happily accomplifhed at Hyderabad. 55. On the 3 1 ft of Oftober, I received the intelligence of the glorious vic- tory gained by His Majefty's fquadron under the command of Sir Horatio Nelfon; but being ftill uncertain of the fate of the French army in Egypt, and ignorant whether an additional force might not have been intended to co-operate with it in India, by the ordinary paffage round the Cape of Good Hope, I did not relax any part of the naval or military preparations which had been commenced under my orders. The opportunity now appeared favourable for opening a negotiation with Tippoo Sultaun. I had already communicated to the Allies, the Nizam and the Pelhwah, a circumftantial detail of the conducfl of that Prince, and had received from both the moft unequivocal affurances of their entire concurrence in my fenti- ments and views, as well as of their determination to fupport my juft claims of fatif- faftion for the infraftion of the treaty of Seringapatam. 56. On the Sth of November, therefore, 1 addreffed to Tippoo Sultaun the Encbfure, Letter, of which a copy (N? 2. A. and B.) accompanies this difpatch. j^i ^" g'^^' 57. Your Honorable Court will perceive, that in this Letter I have carefully avoided every hoftile exprefllon, merely apprizing the Sultaun of my knowledge of the nature of his intercourfe with the French Nation, and propofing to him to receive Major Doveton, on the part of the Allies, for the purpofe of proceeding to an ami- cable arrangement of all fubfifling differences. 58. My expeftation was, that the neceffary impreffion of the fuccefs of His Majefty's fleet againft the French in Egypt, the revival of our defenfive alliance with the Nizam, the deftrudlion of the French influence in the Decan, the declared difpofi- tion of the Pefhwah to fulfil his defenfive engagements to the utmoft extent of his power, the prefence of His Majefty's fquadron on the Coail of Malabar, reinforced I by ^ C 30 D by fuch of the Honorable Company's Ihips, as had been equipped for the purpo(c^ and finally, the progrefs of our military preparations on both Coafts, might have induced the Sultaun to accede to ray propofals for opening the channels of pacific negotiation ; and under thefe circumftances I trufted that the terror of the Britifh arms might have rendered their aftual employment unnecefTary. 59. With fuch expeftations I refolved to proceed to Fort St. George, for the purpofe of conducing the expedted negotiation with the Sultaun, which I flattered myfelf my prefence on the Coaft of Coromandel might enable me to bring to an iffue, before the fcafon (hould be fo far advanced as to relieve Tippoo Sultaun from thofe alarms for the fafety of his Capital, on which I founded my fole hope of obtaining any fatisfadtory adjuftment with him. Enclofiire ^°' ^" '^^ *°^^ December, I addrefTed the Letter, marked N? 3. to the >i? 3- Sultaun, informing him of my intention to proceed to Fort St. George, and again urging him to receive Major Doveton. On the 25th of December, I embarked on board His Majefty's fliip the Sybille, Captain E. Cooke, and arrived at this Pjefi- dency on the 31ft of the fame month. 61. A few days previous to my arrival, the corps of Native Volunteers from Bengal had landed in perfeft fafety, and in the highefl fpirits ; and foon after a corps of Artillery arrived from Fort William under the command Colonel Montague. K? ^ 62. The Letter, marked N? 4. was delivered to mcon my arrival at Fort St. George. 63. In this Letter your Honorable Court will obferve the prevarication and falfehood which mark the Sultaun's ftatement of his late intercourfe with the French, and you will perceive the evafion by which he eludes the qioderate and amicable propofition of the Allies for opening a negotiation. N? 5. 64. To this letter from the Sultaun, I returned the anfwer, dated the 9th of January, and marked N? 5. in which I renewed the propofition of opening a negotiation, and urged the Sultaun not to delay his reply beyond the period of one day after my letter Ibould reach him, intimating that dangerous confequences might refult from a longer delay. 65. The advanced period of the feafon abfclutely required that I fhould afcer- tain the Suiraun's views within a fliort time: my propufition contained nothing dero- gatory to the honor or dignity of the Sultaun. It was now urged for the third time without L 31 ] without variation, and it related fimply and diftinftly to the admiflion of an Ambaf- fador, for the purpofe of opening a negotiation. To demand an immediate anfvver to a propofition of fuch a nature, could not therefore be deemed either offenfive or unreafonable. 66. Subfequently to the difpatch of my fetter (N? 5.) I received from the Sultaun the letter (N? 6.) in reply to my letter (N? 3.) difpatched from Fort Endofur? "William. The Sultaun's filence in his letter (N? 6.) with refpecl to the admidion ^°- ^' of Major Doveton, afforded an additional proof of bis difpofition to evade the pacific advances of the Allies. 67. I now employed every effort to advance the military preparations in the Carnatic, which had already made a confiderable progrefs during the months of November and December. From the moment of my arrival at Fort St. George, all the inhabitants of this fettlement, and every officer, civil and military, appeared to be animattrd by an unanimous determination to difcharge their rcfpettive duties with a degree of cheerfulnefs and ardour, correfpondcnt to the exigency and im- portance of the occafion ; and I was foon facisfied that the difpofition, of which I lamented the appearance in the months of July and Auguft, had either been fub- dued by the juft exercife of authority, or corredled by rcfleftion, and by the more full difclofure of the views of the enemy. The zeal, alacrity, and public fpirit of the bankers and commercial agents at Madras, as well as of the moft refpedable of your Civil Servants at this Prefidency, enabled me, within a few weeks, to raife a large fum of money, by loan, for the public fervice. Previous to my departure from Bengal, I had remitted 20 lacks of rupees in fpecie for the ufe of this Prefi- dency; I now difpatched the Sybille to Calcutta for a further fupply; and the extraordinary exertion of his Excellency the Vice Prefident in Council, afiilted by the diligence and ability of Mr. Thomas Myers, the Accountant General of Bengal, furnifhed me with an additional aid of twenty lacks, within fo fhort a time, that the movement of the army was not delayed I'lor an inftant, on sccount of a defi- ciency of treafure, and Lieut. General Harris was provided with a fufficient lupnly of fpecie to maintain his army in the field until the month of May. 68. Tinpoo Sultaun remaining filent for a confiderable time afrer the receipt of my Letter of the 9th of January, 1 concluded that his objefl muil be to delay his anfwer until the feafon fhould be fo far advanced, as to render the capture of Seringapatam impradicable during the prefent year. 69. In [ 3^ } 6). In the meanwhile the advices from Buflbrah, Bagdad, Conftantinople, and Bombay, were of (o uncertain a nature, as to leave me ftill in doubt with refpeft to the condition of the French army in Egypt. The only fafe conclufion which could be drawn from thofe advices being, that the French flill maintained the poDeflion of that country with a large army. 70. No intelligence had been received from the Red Sea refpefting the arrival of any of His Majefty's (liipson that ftation, nor had I been able to afcertain with any degree of accuracy, what means the French might either have provided, or might find on the fpor, to enable them to reach the Sultaun's dominions. 71. In addition to thefe circumftances, I knew that while Tippoo Sultaun had declined to receive an Ambaffador from the Honorable Company, and had omitted to anfwer my late Letters, he had difpatched native Vakeels from Seringapatam, who, together with Mr. Dubuc (one of the leaders of the French force raifed in the Ifle of France, under Mr. IVIalartie's proclamation) were on the point of embarking at Tranquebar, with an avowed miffion from the Sultaun to the Executive Direftory of France. 72. On the 3d of February, I had received no anfwer from the Sultaun to my Letter of the 9th of January, although the communication between Seringapatam and Fort St. George does not require, at the-moft, a longer time than eight, and is fome- tinies effedled in four days. 73. In order therefore to defeat the objedt of the Sultaun's filcnce, and to avail myfelf of the adtual fuperiority of our force, and of the advantages of the prefent feafon, before the French could effedl any junftion with him, I determined to com- mence hoftilities without delay, and to fufpend all negotiation, until the united forces of the Company and of their Allies fhould have made fuch an imprefllon on th? Territories of Myfore, as might give full effedl to our juft reprefentations. 74. With thefe views, on the 3d of February, I diredled Lieutenant General Har- ris to enter the territory of Myfore with the army aflembled under his command ; on the fame day I iffued orders to Lieuienant General Stuart to be prepared to co-operate from Malabar, and I fignified to Rear Admiral Rainier, and to the feveral Allies of the Company, that I now confidercd the Britifli Government in India to be at war with Tippoo Sultaun. S 75- At C 33 } 75. At Icng-th, 'on the 13th February, I received fiom Tippoo Sultaun the Letter marked N? 7, informing me, that being frequently difpofsd " to make excur- N?. 7. a ic b. " fions and hunt," he was " accordingly proceeding upon a hunting excurfion," and defiring " that I would" difpatch Major Doveton " flightly attended." 76- But the feafon for negotiation through the pacific channels^ fo often oflered by me, was now elapfed. After mature deliberation on the grounds already ftated, I had direfbed the advance of the army into the territory of the Sultaun, and I had fig- oified to the Allies my determination to proceed to hofiilities. To have delayed thi advance of the army, would at once have thrown the advantages which I then poC- felTed into the hands of Tippoo Sultaun, and have rendered the fiege of his Capital impracticable during the prefent feafon. On the other hand an embalFy, combined with the hoftile irruption of our army into Myfore, would have been liable to the amputation of inlincerity towards Tippoo Sultaun, and while it bore the appearance of indecifion in the eyes of the Allies, would have promoted, and perhaps warranted,^ a fimilar degree of inflability in their councils and operations. 77. The defi^n of this tardy, reluftant, and infidious affent to the admiflioTT of an embafly from the Britifh Government, could be confidered in no other light than that of a new artifice for the purpofe of gaining time, until a change of circum- ftances and of feafon might enable the Sultaun to avail himfelf of the affiftancc of France. This conclufion was now confirmed by my knowledge of the aftual em- barkation of Mr. Dubuc and two native Vakeels, on an embafiy from Tippoo to the Executive Dire(ftory of France ; an event which took place at Tranquebar on the 7th Februaryw 78. I therefore replied to the Letter of Tippoo Sultaun in the terms of the enclofure, N? 8 ; in which I have declared Lieutenant General Harris to be the only Nf9i. perfon now authorized by me to receive and to anfwer whatever communications the Sultaun may think fit to make, with a view to the reftoration of peace, on fuch con- ditions as appear to the Allies to be indifpenfably necelTary to their common fecurity. This Letter I directed General Harris to forward to the Sultaun on the day on which the army under his command fhould pafs the Frontier, and, at the fame time, I inflrudt- ed him to iflue, in the name of the Allies, the accompanying declaration, marked' 79. The Nizam's Contingent confifts of above 6,000 of the Honorable Company's troops, fubfidizsd by his Highnefs, of about the fame number of his own Infantryi K (includin '9^ >S [ 34 ] (incfadinga portion of Mr. Peron's Sepoys, how commanded by Br'ulfii Officers) and cfa lar^e body of Cavalry. 80. This force, under the General Command of Meer Allum, formed a jundtion with the Britifh Army on the 19th of February; and it is with the greateft fatisfaiftioa that i remark to your Honorable Court, the beneficial effefts which the Company has already derived from the recent improvement of our alliance with the court of Hydera- bad. Thf Nizam's Contingent actually arrived in« the vicinity of Chittoor, in a. Hate of preparation for the field, before General Harris was ready to proceed on his march from Vellore, N? 10. 81. I have annexed to this difpatch, No. 10, the lad return of Lieutenant General Harris's army, previous to his pafling the frontier ; an army more completely appointed, more amply and liberally fupplied in every department, or more perfeft in its difcipline, and in the acknowledged experience, ability, and zeal of its Officers, never took the field in India. The army on the Coaft of Malabar (of which I alfo N? II. inclofe a return. No. 11) is in an equally efficient and refpedlable condition ; and the extraordinary efforts which have been made by Lieutenant General Stuart and Major General Hartley, feconded by the cordial attachment and unremitting affiduity of the Rajah of Coorga, have collefted, within a very (hort period of time, a fupply fo abundant, that I am induced to tranfmit the particulars of it to your Honorable N? 12. Court, as a teflimony of the diftinguilhed merits of thofe valuable Officers, and of the loyalty and adive^ exertions of that faithful tributary of the Honorable Com- pany. 82. A confiderable force, under the command of Lieut. Colonels Read and Brown, will co-operate with Lieut. General Harris in the fouthern diftridts of the Carnatic and Myfore. 83. Under thefe circumflances General Harris entered the territory of Myfore en the 5th March, with orders to proceed diredlly to Seringapatam. 84. Having thus fubmitted to your Honorable Court, according to the order of dates, a detailed relation of the events which have led to the war in which we are aflually engaged, and having declared to you the motives and objedls of my conduft in every flage of this important tranfadlion, I muft requeft your permiffion to conclude this difpatch with fiich refledfions as arife in my mind from the review of my pafl meafures, and from the profpedt of their ultimate confequcnccs and permament effcft. 5 85. Froni [ 55 ] 85. From the firft difclofure of the nature and objeft of Tippoo Sultaun's cmbafly to the Ifle of France, every principle of jiiftice and policy demanded from your Government in India, that an inftantaneous effort fhould be made to reduce his power and refources, before he could avail himfelf of the advantages of the alliance which he had concluded. The defeft of means is the fole confideratioa which can juflify me, for not having made that effort at the early period when its fucccfs would have placed the fecurity of your poflefTions on a foundation, which the invafion of India by a French force could not have impaired. 86. For without the aid of fome Native Power, It is fcarcely pofTible that the French Ihould ever make any permanent imprelTion on your Empire in India ; and no Native Power (excepting Tippoo Sultaun) is (a infatuated as to be difpofed to alTifl or receive a French army. 87. The progrefs of events fince the date of my orders of the 20th June 1798, has not only confirmed the principles of juftice and policy, by which an attack upon the Sultaun was at that time demanded, but has manifefled that the defigns of France, as well as of the Sultaun, were of a much more excenfive and formidable nature, than any which have ever been attempted againft the Britifh Empire in India fince the hour of its firft foundation. 88. While the magnitude and danger of thefe defigns were gradually difclofed, I had the fatisfaftion to feel that the means of averting them were augmenting in a proportion nearly equal, by the fuccefs of the negotiations at Hyderabad, and by the advance of the military preparations which I had ordered throughout your pofTeffions. 89. At the commencement of the month of February, the crifis arrived in which I was called upon to form my ultimate decifion on the important queftion at ifTue with Tippoo Sultaun, and to determine the final refult of the whole fyllem of my meafuies. 90. On the one hand, the apparent eftablifhment of the French army in Egypt, and the uncertainty of the ftate of our naval power in the Red Sea, rendered the danger ftill urgent from that quarter ; while Tippoo Sultaun's repeated evafions of my propofals for negotiation, combined with his embafly to the Executive Direftory of France, under the conduft of Mr. Dubuc, appeared to preclude all hope of detaching the Sultaun from his recent alliance with the enemy. On the other hand, I now poffefled ample means of fruftrating the moft dangerous elTeas of that alliance, by a feafonable application of the powerful force, which the treachery [ 30 J aad aggreffion of the Sultaun had compelled me to colled at a heavy expence to youp- finances. 91. Your Honorable Court will determine, whether, irj this ftate of affairs, my orders of the 3d February were premature, and whether I ihould have been juftifiedj on the 13th February, in recalling thofe orders, for the purpofe of admie- ting, at that late period, a negotiation which would have enabled Tippoo Sultaun to defeat every objeft of the armament of the Allies for the prefent feafon, and would have afforded him ample time to reap the full benefit of his connexion wich Frajice,. before the feafon for befieging his Capital lliould return. 52. In deciding thefe important queftions, you will neceffarily consider whskt degree of reliance was to be placed on the fincericy of the Sultaun's difpofition to conclude an amicable adjuflment with your Government,, at the very moment when fee had acflually difpatched, on an embaffy to the Executive Diredory of France, the Commander of the French troops raifed in the Mauritius, and admitted into the Sultaun's fervice, for the exprefspurpofa of carrying on a war of aggreffion againil your pofleffion sin India. 93. The admirable condition of your armies on both Coafts, and the unequalled perfedtion of their equipment in every department, added to the extraordinary fpirit and' an-imation with which the campaign has been opened, afford every reafon to hope, that the ifTue of the war will be fpeedy and profperous, and, that it muft' ter- minate in a confiderable redudionof Tippoo Sultaun's refources and power. 94. The wifdom of your Honorable Court will anticipate the extenfive benefits which muft refuit to your interefts, from an event now become effentia^to the peace and fecurity of your pofTeflionsin India. 95. The policy of the treaty of Seringapatam, certainly was not to maintain Tippoo Sultaun's power in I'uch a ftate as fhould leave him a conftant objeft of alarm and apprehenfion to the Company : that he has been juftly fo confidered for fome years paft, cannot be doubted by any perfon acquainted with the Records of any of your Governments in India. The prefent is the fecond crifis withifi the laft three years, in which the Government General has thought it necefTary to alTcmble the army on the Coafl: of Coromandel, for the fole purpofe of checking his motions ; and the apprehenfion of his intentions has obftrufted our operations againft our European ©nemies in India, during the courfe of the prefent w^r.. 96. Tha C 37 3 96. The continuance of Tippoo's power on its adlual fcale, and under fuch circumftanoes, mud have proved to the Company a perpetual fource of fcilicitude, expence, and hazard. But the engagements which he has contrafted with the French, the public proofs which he has given of his eagernefs to receive in Myfore as large a force as they can furnifh, combined with the prodigi'us magnitude of their pre- parations, and the incredible progrcfs of their arms, evidently direded to the de- ftruftion of the Britifli power in India, form new and prominent features in our po- litical fituation in this quarter of the world. 97. Admitting the wifdom of that policy which didtated the prefervation of Tippoo Sultaun's power, at the clofe of the laft war with Myfore, the rpirit,of our prefent ctiuncils muft be accommodated to the variation of circumftances, and to the aftual pofition, charader, and views of our enemies. 98. In fuch a conjunfture of affairs, I am perfuaded that your Honorable Court will be of opinion, that no objedt can be deemed fo urgent, or fo neceflary to the fafety of your pofleffions, as the effeftual reduftion of the only declared ally of France now exifting among the Native Powers of India. 99. If Tippoo Sultaun had been difpofed to content himfelf with the quiet poffeflion of his prefent dominions ; if he could have been brought to a fenfe of his own peril in forming a connection wich the French, the reprefentations which I addrelTed to him would have produced an early and falutary imprcflion. Whatever fpeculative opinions might have been entertained with refpeft to his inte^efts, views, and power, the juftice and moderation of the Britifli Government would never have diflurbed his tranquillity. But he refolved to attempt the recovery of his loft do- minions, at the hazard of thofe which he ftill retains, and in the ardour of his paffionate purfuit, he overlooked not only the certain deftrudlion of his own inde- pendence, the inevitable confequence even of the moft profperous fuccefs of any alliance with France, but alio the predominant influence of -the Englifh Eall-India Company, which would detedl his treachery, and turn againft his ovvn Empire the luin which he had meditated againft theirs. 1 00. The fecrecy of his councils, the promptitude of his refources, his conftant and adive flatc of equipment for war,, added to the facility' of his intercourfe with the French, through his remaining territories on the Coaft of Malabar, form the moft L dangerouS' 357333 [ 38 ] dangerous clrcumftances in the aftual condition of his power and don:iinion, and conflitute his principal means of offence. loi. If fuccefs fhould attend your arms in this war, I entertain a firm confi- dence that thofe dangers will either be wholly averted, or fo confiderably diminifhed, as to afford to your Government in India the profpeft of durable fecurity and genuine peace. 102. I cannot clofe this letter without repeating to your Honorable Court the cordial expreflions of my entire fatisfaftion in the zealous and honourable co-opera- tion of Lord Clive, as well as of all the members of this Government. The bencr ficial effcd: of their cheerful and ready concurrence in forwarding all my views, is manifeft in the rapid progrefs and perfedt completion of the equipments of the army in the field, and furniflies a ftriking and falutary example of the ineftimable advan- tages of unanimity and concord among your fervants in India. I have the honor to be. Honorable Sirs, With the greatefl refpeft. Fort St. George, Your mofl obedient and faithful fervant, 2oth March, 1799. Mornington. ini\? VIII. (N? 1.) — Proclamation at the Isle of France. (Tranjlaiion.) LIBERTY. EQJJALITY. The French Republic, One and Indivisible. Proclamation by Anne Joseph Hipfolite Malartic, Commander in Chief and Governor General of ihe Illes of France and Re-union, and of all the French Eftablilhmenis to the Eallward of the Cape of Good Hope. Citizens, • Having, for fcvcral years, known your zeal and your attachment to the interefls and to the glory of our Republic, we are very anxious, and we feel it a duty, to 3 ••• make - C 39 ] make you acquainted with all the propofitions which have been n>ade to us by Tip- . rw^clofirt poo Sultaun, through two ambafladors whom he has dlfpatchcd to'us. This Prince has written particular letters to the Colonial AfTembly, to all the Generals cmploj^ed under this Government ; and has addrefled to us z packet for the Executive Direftory. 1. He defires to form an ofFenfive and dcfenfive alliance with the French, and propoles to maintain at his charge, as long as the war fhall laft in India, the troops which may be fent to him. 2. He promifes to furnifti every necefiary for carrying on the war, wine and brandy excepted, with which he is wholly unprovided. 3. He declares, that he has made every preparation to receive the fuccours which may be fent to him-, and that on the arrival of the troops, the Commanders and Officers will find every thing neccflary for making a war, to which Europeans are but little accuftomed. 4. In a word, he only waits the moment when the French fhall come to his alTidance, to declare war againfl: the Englifh, whom he ardently defires to expel from India. As it is impoflible for us to reduce the number of foldiers of the 107th and 108th Regiments, and of the regular Guard of Port Fraternite, on account of the fuccours which wc have furnifhed to our allies the Dutch, we invite the Citizens, who may be difpofed to enter as Volunteers, to enroll themfclves in their refpeftive municipalities, and to fervc under the banners of Tippoo. This Prince defires alfo to be affifted by the Free Citizens of Colour; we there- fore invite all fuch who are willing to ferve under his flag to enroll themfelvcs. We can aflure all the Citizens who fhall enroll themfelvcs, that Tippoo will allow them an advantageous rate of pay, the terms of which will be fixed with his ambafladors, who will further engage, in the name of their Sovereign, that all French- men who fliall enter into his armies, fliall never be detained after they Ihall have exprefled a wifli to return to their own country. Done at Port North-Weft, the 30th January, 1798. (Signed) Malartic. C 40 ] Enciofure (No. 2. A) CoPY of a Letter from Tippoo SuLTAUN to the Right iaN?viii, Honorable the Governor General. From Tippoo Sultaun : Received 24th October, 1798. The Talooks of Ameera and Soulia, in which Cauntmungle and Colvorbachec are fituated, have belonged to Couryai (Mangalore) from the year Rejah 1070 Mo- hummudee to the end of the year Shadab 1226, a term of 156 years. Thirty-fix years ago, a body of 2000 Coorga Peons were employed in ferviceof the State ; and fome villages in the Talooks above-mentioned, yielding 3423 pagodas, continued for a fhort time to be affigned for their pay ; but fince fix-and-thirty years, that even has ceafed. This trivial affair can only be afcribed to the turbulent difpofition of jnterefted men, who by nature are ever feeking opportunities of fowing the feeds of diflenfion. Of this I am confident. Your Lordlhip mult be well convinced, the perfon who is now in Coorga is not of the pofterity of the Coorga Rajahs, but of a different ftock. Conftantly gratify me with friendly letters. Poftfcript. Mr. Duncan, the Governor of Bombay, has written to me, that two perfons of integrity and ability from among the civil officers (Talookdars) on the Coaft of Malabar, have been deputed to inquire into the claims of the above-mentioned Talook, and will fliortly arrive. Orders have been iffued from my Sircar alfo, nomi- nating Shaikh Shahaubuddien and Meer Mohummud Ally, perfons of integrity and honor, to negotiate with the deputies above-mentioned, and afcertain from records and fafts the dependency of the above-mentioned Talooks in Couryai. (A true tranflation.) N. B. Edmonstone, P. T, inc'ofute C-^^* ^' -^-^ Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable the in N? VIII. Governor General to Tippoo Saltuan ; dated 8th November, 1798. To Tippoo Sultaun : Written 8th November, 1798. I have received your letter, informing me — (Recites the fubftance of the Letter received on the 24th Otiober.) It C 41 1 It affords me fincere fatisfaillon to learn, that you have noniinated two petfons Enclofuff ;» of integrity and honor to meet and confer with the deputies appointed, under my ^" orders, by Mr. Duncan (the Governor of Bombay) for the purpofe of inveftigating the queftion regarding the Talooks of Ameera and S'oulia. It is only by means of regular enquiry and amicable difcuflion, that fuch queltions can be adjufted among in- dependent Powers. My determination, in the cafe of Wynaad, was di6tated by thofc principles of juftice and moderation which always diredt the Company's Govern- ment ; nor (hall my fcrupulous adherence to the fame principles be lefs manifeft in my decifion on your claim to the diftrids at prefent in queftion ; the polTefilon of ■which fhall not be withholden from you for an inftant, if, after full inveftigation, I fhali be fatisfied of the juftice of your title to them. It is a well known truth, that they are always the moft ready to refpedt the juft rights of others, who are the moft vigilant and refolute to maintair^ their own. I have underftood your fentimcnts concerning the *' turbulent difpofition of *' interefted men, who by nature are ever feeking opportunities of fowing the feeds *' diflenfion." For the happinefs of mankind it is to be lamented, that thefe authors of confufion are too numerous, afliduous, and fuccefsful, in all parts of the world. In no age or country were the baneful and infidious arts of intrigue ever cultivated with, fuch fuccefs, as they are at prefent by the French Nation. I fincerely wifh that no impreflion had been produced on your difcerning mind by that dangerous People ; but my fituation enables me to know that they have reached your prefence, and have en- deavoured to pervert the wifdom of your councils, and to inftigate you to war againft thofe, who have given you no provocation. It is impofTible that you fhould fuppofe me to be ignorant of the intercourfe which fubfifts between you and the French, whom you know to be the inveterate enemies of the Company, and to be now engaged in an unjull war with the Britifti Nation. You cannot imagine me to be indiflerent to the tranfadions which have palTed between you and the enemies of my country ; nor does it appear necefTary or proper, that I fhould any longer conceal from you the furprize and concern with which I perceived you difpofed to involve yourfelf in all the ruinous confequences of a connedion, which threatens not only to fubvert the foundations of friendship be- .tween you and the Company, but to introduce into the heart of your kingdom the principles of anarchy and confufion, to Ihake your own authority, to weaken the obedience of your fubjcds, and to deftroy the religion which you revere. M Immediately Endofurem Immediately after my arrival in Bengal, I read your correfpondence with the H? VIII late Governor General Sir John Shore, and with the afting Governor General Sir Alured Clarke j and I perceived with great fatijfaftion, that in all your Letters you conftantly profefled a difpofuion to ftrengthen the b .nds of fincere attachment, and the foundations of harmony and concord ellablilhed between you and the Honorable Company. I received particular pleafure from reading your laft Letter to Sir John Shore, in which you fignified your amicable defire, that he fhould imprefs me with a fenfe of the friendfhip and^ unanimity, fo long fubfiiling between the two States. Your fubfequent letters to me have abounded with profeflions of the fame friendly nature. Combining thefe profeflions of amity on your part, with the proofs which the Company's Government have given of their fincere difpofition to maintain the rela- tions of friendiiiip and peace with you; and adverting, at the fame time, to your reputation for wifdom and difcernment, it was natural for me, to be extremely flow to believe the various accounts tranfmitted to me, of your negotiations with the French, and of your military preparations -, but whatever my reludtance to credit fuch reports might be, prudence required, both of me and of the Company's Allies, that we Ihould adopt certain meafures of precaution and felf-defence; and thefe have accordingly been taken, as you will no doubt have obferved. The Britifli Government and the Allies, wifhing neverthelefs to live in peace and friendfliip with all their neighbours ; entertaining no projefls of ambition, nor any views in the leafl incompatible with their refpedlive engagements, and looking to no other objedls than the permanent fecurity and tranquillity of their own dominions and fubjeds, will always be ready, as they now are, to afford you every demonftration of their pacific difpofition. The Pclhwali and His Highnefs the Nizam concur with me in the the obfer- vatiohs which I have offered to you in this Letter, and which, in the name of the Company and of the Allies, I recommend to your moft ferious confideration ; but as I am alfo defirous of communicating to you, on the behalf of the Company and their Allies, a plan calculated to promote the mutual fecurity and welfare of all parties, I propofe to depute to you, for this purpofe. Major Doveton, who is well known to you, and who will explain to you more fully and particularly, the fole means which appear to myfelf and to the Allies of the Company, to be effedual for the falutary purpofe of removing all exiftingdiftruft and fufpicion, and of eftablifh- jng peace and good underftanding on the moft durable foundations. 3 You r 43 ] You will, I doubt not, let me know at what time and place It will be conve- EnclofureTn nient to you, to receive Major Doveton, and as foon as your friendly Letter fliall I^- ^^11- reach me, 1 will diredt hira to proceed to your pretence. I (hall expeift your anfwer to this Letter, with an earned hope that it may cor- refpond with the pacific views and wifhes of the Allies; and that you may be con- vinced, that you cannot in any manner better confult your true intereds, than by meeting, with cordiality, the prefent friendly and moderate advance to a fatisfaflory and amicable fettlement of all points on which any doubt or anxiety may have- arifen in the minds, either of yourfelf or of the Allies. (A true Copy) N. B. Edmonstone, P. T. (No. 2.) Copy of a Letter from the Ric!;ht Honorable the EndofurtMn Governor General to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated loth December, 1798. To Tippoo Sultaun. December loth, 1798. I had the honor of addrelTing a friendly Letter to your Highnefs, on the 8th of November laft; in which I ftated a variety of important points, to which your Highnefs would no doubt perceive the propriety and neceffity of giving your earlieft and moft ferious confideration. — I particularly hope that your Highnefs will have been fenfible of the advantages likely to refult to all parties from the conciliatory meafure of my deputing Major Doveton to you,^ which I propofed in that Letter. I expc'd to have the plealure of finding your anfwer to that Letter on my arrival at Madras, for which place 1 am on the point of ferting out from Calcutta; I hope to arrive at Madras about the fame time that this Letter reaches you, and Ihould any circumftances hitherto have prevented your anfwering my laft Letter of the 8th November, I aflure myfelf that you will immediately, on your receipt of this, dif- patch a fatisfadory reply to it, addrefled to me at Madras. (A true Copy.) N. B. EOMON STONE, P. T. (N? 4.); C 44 3 ^N? vni" (^° 4-) ^^^"^ °^ ^ Letter from Tippoo Sultaun to the Right Honorable the Governor General ; received at Fort St. George the 25th December, 1798. P'rotn Tippoo Sultaun : received at Fort St, George 25th December 1798. I have been made happy by the receipt of your Lordfliip's two friendly Letters, the contents of which I clearly comprehend (vide thofe written 4th and 8th Novem- ber.) The particulars which vour LoidQiip has communicated to me, relative to the vidtoiy obtained by the Engiifh Fleet over that ot the French near the Ihores of Egypt, nine of their fli;ps having been captured and two burned, on one of which of the latter was their Admiral, have given me more pleafure than can poflibly be conveyed by writing, indeed I poffefs the firmeft hope that the Leaders of the Englilb and the Company Bahai der, who ever adhere to the paths of fincerity, friendfhip, and good faith, and are the well-wifhers of mankind, will at all times be fuccelsful and v.dtorious; and that the French, who are of a crooked difpofition, faithlefs, and the enemies of mankind, may be ever deprefled and rained. Your Lordftiip has written to me with the pen of friendfhip, " that in no age or country •' were the baneful and infidious arts of intrigue ever cultivated with fuch fuccefs as *' they are at prefent by the French Nation. Would to God that no impreffion had " been produced on my mind by that dangerous people; but that your Lordfhip's' *' fituation enables you to know that they have reached my prefence, and have en- *' deavored to pervert the wifdom of my councils, to infligate me to war againft •' thofe who have given me no provocation. That it is impoffible that I Ihould •' fuppofe your L ordfhip ignorant of the intercourfe which fubfifts between me and " the French, who I know to be the inveterate enemies of the Company, and to be " now engaged in an unjufl: war with the Britifh; and that I cannot imagine your " Lordlhip indifferent to the tranfadions which have palFed between me and the " enemies of the Enghfti." In this Sircar (the Gift of God) there is a mercantile tribe, who employ them- felves in trading by fea and land. Their agents purchafed a two-mailed veflel, and having loaded her with rice, departed with a view to traffic. It happened that fhe went C 45 ] went to the Mauritius, from >vTience forty pcrfony, French, and of a dark colour, of Endofureia \vhomten or twelve were artificers, and the reft fervants, paying the hire of the fnip, came here in fearch of employment. Such as chofe to take fervice were entertained, and the remainder departed beyond the confines of ihis Sircar (the Gift of GoJ); and the French, who are full of vice and deceit, have perhaps taken the advantage of the departure of the Ihip to put about reports with the view ta ruffle the minds of both Sircars. It is the wifli of my heart, and my conftant endeavour, to obferve and maintain the articles of the agreement of peace, and to perpetuate and ftrengthen the bafis of friendfhip and union with the Sircar of the Company B.ihauder, and with the Sircars of the Maha Rajah Saheb, Sure Munt Pefhwa Bahauder, and His Highnefs the Nabob Afuph Jah Bahauder. And I am refident at home, at times taking the air, and at others amufing myfelf with hunting at a fpot which is ufed as a pleafure ground. In this cafe, the allufion to vpar in your friendly Letter, and the following paffage, namely, " that prudence required that both the Company and their Allies fliould *' adopt certain meafures of precaution and lelf-defence," have given me the greateft furprize. It was further written by your friendly pen, that as vour Lordfhip is defircus of communicating to me, on the behalf of the Company and their Allies, a plan cal- culated to promote the mutual fecurity and welfare of all parties ; your Lordfh'p p opofes to depute to me for this purpofe Major Doveton, who formerly waited upon me, and v;ho will explain to me more fully and particularly the fole means which appear to your Lordfhip and the allies to be eficdual for the falurary purpofe of removing all exifting diftruft and fufpicion, and of edabliQiing peace and good underftanding on the muft durable foundations; and that therefore your Lordfhip trufts I will let you know at what time and place it will be convenient to me to receive Major Doveton. It has been underftood, by the bleffing of the Almighty, at the conclufion of the peace, the treaties and engagements entered inio among the four Sircars were fo firmly eflablifhed and confirmed as ever to remain fixed and durable, and be an example to the rulers of the age; nor are they, nor will they ever be liable to interruption. I cannot imagine that mtans more effcdual than thefe can be adopted, for giving liability to the foundations of friendfhip and harmony, promot- ing the fecurity of States, or the welfare and advantage of all parties. In the view of thofe who infpesfl narrowly into the nature of friendfhip, peace N and [ 46 ] Enclofurein ^"^' ^"''^5' ^""^ *^^ ^^^ °^^'^ objeds, as indeed your Lordfhip has yourfelf written to N? VIII. me that the allied Sircars look to no other objedt than the fecurity and tranquillity of their own dominions, and the cafe and comfort of their fubjefts. Praife be to God, that the fum of my views and the wifh of my heart are limited to thefe fame points. On fuch grounds then a juil and permanent obfervance of exifting treaties is ncctf- fary ; and thefe, under the favour of God, daily acquire new ftrength and im- provement, by means of amicable correfpondence. Your Lordfliip is a great Sirdar, a firm friend, and the reflifier of all things, and you poffcfs an enlightened judg- ment. I have the (Irongeit hope that the minds of the wife and intelligent, bu^ particularly of the four States, will not be fullied by doubts and jealoufies, but wiU confider me from my heart defirous of harmony and friendfhip. Continue to allow me the pleafure of your correfpondence, making me happy by accounts of your health. What more (hall be written ? Dated the 9th of Rujieb, 1213 of the Hegirah. (A true tranflation.) N. B. Edmonstone, P. T, Enciofurem (N? 5") — CoPY of a Letter from the Riglit Honorable the Governor N?viii. General to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated 9th January, 1799. To Tippoo Sultaun : written 9th January, 1799. In purfuance of the intention which I had the honour of communicating to you in my Letter of the 10th December, I embarked at Calcutta on the 25th of the lame month, and on the 3 ill; following arrived at this place. Previoufly to my departure from Calcutta, I had the honour to receive your Highnefs's Letter of the i ith Jamaudy oofTaunee (20th November.) (Recapitulate.) My Letter to your Highnefs of the 8th November, will have explained to your Highnefs theobjeft of the military preparations which have been advancing in every part of the dominions of the Allies, ever fince the beginning of the month of July. On C 47 ] On my arrival at Madras, I had the honour to receive your Letter of the 9th Endofure ia Rejeb (or 18th of December) in anfwer to my two Letters addreiVuJ to your High- nefs on the 4th and 8ch of November. I am happy to find that in this Letter your Highnefs has been pleafed to admit " That the Englifh Nation and the Honorable Company ever adhere to the paths " of finccrity, friendfliip, and good faith ; and that they are the well-wifliers of *' mankind." This declaration is peculiarly fatisfadoiy to me in the prefent mo- ment, becaufe I am perfuaded that a Prince of your Highnefs's difcernment would not exprefs fuch fentiments without full deliberation ; I therefore accept with plca- fure this declaration, as affording not only an unequivocal teftimony, on the part of your Highnefs, tothejuftice of that caufe in which the Engl ifii Nation and the Company are engaged, but an unqualified admiffion that you have no ground of complaint againft the Englifh Government. In anfwer to that part of my Letter of the 8th of November, in which I la- mented the unhappy connexion which you have formed with the French Nation, your Highnefs is pleafed to mention, " that in the Sircar (the Gift of God) there " is a mercantile tribe, who employ themfclves in trading by fea and land : that their *' agents purchafed a two-mafled veflcl, and having loaded her with rice, departed " with the view to traffic : that it happened that flie Went to the Mauritius, from " whence forty perfons, French and of a dark colour, of whom ten or twelve were " artificers, and the reft fervants, paying the hire of the fhip, came to your country ** in fearch of employment ; that fuch as chofe to take fervice were entertained, and " the remainder departed beyond the confines of that Sircar (the Gift of God); and *' that the French, who are full of vice and deceit, have perhaps taken advantage " of the departure of the fhip, to put about reports with the view to ruflle the minds *« of both Sircars." I had no knowledge of the tranfaflion which your Highnefs has thus defcribed \mtil I had the honour to receive your Highnefs's Letter. Nor was it to this tranf- aftion I adverted, when I exprcflTed my concern at the intercourfe which your High- nefs had eftabliflied with the French. The fadts to which I referred, were of a na- ture entirely different from thofe which your Highnefs has related. If the tranfac- tion of which I complained had not indifputably proved the exiflence of a connec- tion between your Highnefs and the French, entirely incompatible with your en- gagements to the Honorable Company, and to its Allies, neither the Allies nor I would [ 48 ] _ Enclofure would have reforted to thofe meafures of precaution and defence which have attraded in N? VIII. rj- t r . • your Hignneli s attention. I will now fully and explicitly flate to your Highnefs, the circumflances to which I referred in my Letter of the Sih of November, wherein I remonftrared againd the tendency of your intercourfe with the French. Although I had been, for fome time pad, apprized that your Highnefs had engaged wirh feveral Powers of Afia, in various negotiations of the mofi; hoftile ten- dency towards the interefts of the Company and of its Allies ; and although your con- tinued military preparations correfponded with the fpirit of your negotiations; I ftill hoped that a fenfe of your own interefis, and a regard to the acknowledged maxims of prudence and good faith, would have induced you to relinquifh projecls of ag- greffion fo inconfiftent with your own profeffions, with your real intercfts, and with the charafter of your wifdom and difcretion. But I had fcarccly formed that decifion on your Highnefs's claim to Wynaad (by which I had afforded an unqueftionable teftimony of my difpofuion to render impartial and ample jullice to your rights, and to cultivate and improve the relations of amity and peace with your HigSnels) when I received from the Ide of France, an authentic copy of the proclamation, a Perfian tranflation of which accompanies this letter. In addition to this proclamation, I poflefs full and accurate information of all the proceedings of your Highnefs's Ambafiadors during their refidence in the Ifle of France ; of the whole of their condudt in exeicifing the powers delegated to them by your Highnefs ; and of your Highnefs's condudt fince the return of your Am- baffadors. From the whole evidence in my pofTeflion, the following fafts are inconteftibly proved. Your Highnefs difpatcbed two AmbaHadors from your Prefence, who embarked at Mangalorc for the Ifle of France, and arrived there at the clofe of the month of January, 1798: The fhip on which the Ambafladors were embarked, hoifted your Highnefs's colours upon entering the harbour of Port Nord Oueft in the Ifle of France. Your Ambaffadors were received publicly and formally by the French Government under a falute of cannon, and with every circumftance of diftinftion and refpedl ; I and [ 49 ] and they were cnterrained, during their continuance on the Ifland, by the French Enclofure'ia JN • N ill* Government, at the public expence. Previoudy to the arrival of your AmbafTadors on the liland, no idea or rumour exifted there of any aid to be furninied to your Highnefs by the French ; or. of any profpeft ofa war between your Highnefs and the Company. But within two days after the arrival of your Ambafladors, the Proclamation, of which I now forward to you a tranflation, was fixed up in the moft public places, and circulated through the Town of Port Nord Oueft. Your AmbalTadors, far from protefting againfl: the matter or ftyle of the Pro- clamation, held without referve, in the moft public manner, the fame language which it contains with refpeft to the oflenfive war to be commenced by your Highnefs againft the Britifti polfcfTions in India ; and they even fuffered the Proclamation, to be publicly diflributed at their own houfcs. In confequence of thefe circumftances, an univerfal belief prevailed in the Ifland, that your Highnefs 'would make an immediate attack upon the Britilh pofrefTions in India. Your Ambafladors were prefent in the Ifland, when the French Government pro- ceeded to aft under the Proclamation in queftion ; and your AmbafTadors aided and affifted the excution of the Proclamation, by making promifes, in the name of your Highnefs, for the purpofe of inducing recruits to enlilt in your fervice. Your Am- baffidors propofed to levy men to any pradicable extent, flating their powers to be unlimited with refpedt to the numbers of the forces to be raifed in your Highnefs 's name, for the purpofe of making war on the Company. The Ambafladors entered into certain flipulations and engagements, in the name of your Highnefs, according to the tenor of the Proclamation (fee the margin) * with feveral Frenchmen, and others who entered into your fervice, particularly with Monfieur Dubuc, whom the Ambafladors engaged in your Highnefs's name, for * We can alluie all the Citizens who fliall enroll theinfelvcs, that Tippoo will allow them an ad- vantageous rate of pay, the terms of which will be fixed with his Ambaffadors ; who will further en- gage, in the name of their Sovereign, that all Frenchmen who fliall cater into his armies, fliall never be detained, after they fljall have exprefl"ed a wifli to return to their own country. O the [ 50 ] Enclofure m the exprefs purpofe of affilting in the war to be commenced by your Highnefs againft the EngliOi in India. The Proclamation therefore is proved to have been the aft of your Ambafiadors. It originated in their arrival at the Ifle of France ; it was diftributed by their agents; ic was avowed in every part by their own public declarations ; and, finally, it was executed, according to its tenor, by their perfonal affiftance and co-operation. On the 7th of March 1798, the Ambaffadors embarked at Port Nord Oueft,, on board the French frigate La Preneufe, together with the force thus railed in. your Highnefs's name. This French frigate, with your Ambaffadors, and with the troops raifed in the enemy's country for your fervice, arrived at Mangalore about the 26th of April 1798. Your Highnefs permitted this force to land in your dominions ; and far from manifefling the leafl fymptom of difapprobation of the condudl of your Ambaffadors in any part of this tranfadlion, you formally received them, and the French Officers and principal perfons who accompanied them, with public marks of honor and diftinflion ; and you now entertain in your fervice a large part of the force thus raifed, for the purpofe of making war upon the Honorable Company. From thefe feveral faiEls, the following conclufions refult : Firft, That the Ambaffadors difpatched by your Highnefs to the Ifle of France did propofe, and actually did conclude, an ofFenfive alliance with the French, for the exprefs purpofe of commencing a war of aggreffion againft the Company, and confequently againfl the Allies, the Paifhwa and the Nizam. Secondly, That your Highnefs's Ambaffadors demanded military Tuccours ^rom the French for the purpofe of profecuting the faid war ; and declared that your Highnefs had already completed your hoftile preparations againfl the Com- pany (and confequently againfl the Allies) ; and that you only waited the arrival of effectual aid from the French to break out into open hoftilities. Thirdly, That your Highnefs's Ambaffadors levied a military force in the Ifle of France, under the conditions of the Proclamation, and for the avowed purpole of carrying into effcdl the offenfive alliance, contradlcd, in the name of your Highnefs, with the enemy of the Company, and of the Allies. Fourthly, [ 51 J Fourthly, That your Highnefs approved the condud of your Ambaffadors, Encjofure m fuffercd the French force, raifed for the purpofe of making war upon the Company and the Allies, to be landed in your country, and finally admitted the faid force into your army. Fifthly, That your Highnefs, by thefe feveral perfonal and unequivocal afls, has ratified the engagements contained in the Proclamation publiflied in the Ifle of France ; and has taken the preliminary fleps for fulfilling thofe engagements according to the tenor of that Proclamation ; and that you have thereby precluded whatever hope might othervvife have been entertained, that the proceedings of your Hio-hnefs's AmbafTadors were unauthorized by your orders. Sixthly, That your Highnefs has for fome time paft been employed in military preparations, conformably to the hoftile fpirit of your engagements, contrafted with the enemy of the Company and of the Allies. Seventhly, That your Highnefs was prepared to make an unprovoked attack upon the Company's pofleflions, if you had obtained from the French the effeaual fuccour which you had folicited through your AmbafTadors. Eighthly, That your Highnefs, by thefe feveral acls, has violated the treaties of peace and friendfhip fubfifling between your Highnefs and the Allies. Such are the grounds on which I founded my complaint, in my letter of the 8th of November ; and fuch are the motives which now compel the Allies to feek relief from that ambiguous and anxious ftate in which they have been placed* for fome years pafl, by the condudl of your Highnefs. The Allies complain that your frequent preparations for war, together with your hoftile negociations and oflTenfive alliances with the enemy, continually expofc the Allies, durmg a period of fuppofed peace, to all the folicitude and hazard and much of the expence of war. Even under all thefe circumflances of provocation, the Allies entertain the mofl earneft defire to eflablifli with your Highnefs a real and fubftantial peace, accompanied by the intercourfe and good oflices ufual among friendly and con- tiguous ftates. We are, therefore, ready to renew and confirm the bonds of amity with your Highnefs, on fuch conditions as fhall preclude the continuance of thofe jealoufies, which mud fubfift fo long as a final and fatisfaftory adjultment of all caufes of fufpicion (ball be delated. Youx [ 52 1 Enclnfure \n Your Highnefs is pleafed to fay, " That you cannot imagine how means, more Is? VIII. u effectual than the exifting treaties, can be adopted for giving ftabiUry to the " foundations of friendfliip and harmony, or for promoting the fecurity of the •' States, and the welfare and advantage of all parcies." In this fentiment I entirely concur with your Highnefs ; and if your Highnefs's wifdom had not been perverted, by evil councils, from a due obfervance of j'our engagements with the Allies, no new or more effc6lual means would now be neceffary ** for giving ftability to the foundations of friendfliip and harmony, or for promot- ing the fecurity of the States, and the welfare and advantage of all parties." But a new arrangement is become indifpenfable, in confequence of your Highnefs's new engagements with the comtnon enemy of the Allies. And I again entreat your Highnefs to meet with cordiality the friendly and moderate advance of the Allies, towards an amicable fettlement of every ground of jealoufy and danger. Had your Highnefs received Major Doveton, that gentleman would have ex- plained to your Highnefs, on the part of the Company and of the Allies, how this advantageous arrangement is to be obtained. The Allies, being always anxious to enter into the friendly explanation with your Highnefs, I once more call upon your Highnefs, in the moft ferious and folemn manner, to aflent to the admiffion of Major Doveton, as a meafure which I am confident would be produdlive of the moll: lading advantages to all parties. I trull: that your Highnefs will favour me with a friendly letter in reply to this; and I moft earneftly requcft that your reply may not be deferred for more than one day after this letter ftiall reach your Prefence ; dangerous conftquences refult from the delay of arduous affairs. (A true Copy) N. B. Edmonstone, p. T". (N? 10.) [ 53 ] fN? 6.) Copy of a Letter from Tippoo Sultaun, to the Right Endofure, in N°VIII Honorable the Governor General. From Tippoo Sultaun; dated 24th Rijeb, 1213, or 2d January, 1799: received nth January, 1799. The agreeable arrival of your Lordfliip's two^Letters, denoting your welfare, rejoiced and gratified me. A Khc-eta, in reply to your Lordfhip's former friendly Letter, has been written and difpatchcd. It will, no doubt, by this time have been received; and the fincerity of my friendfliip and regard, together with proofs of my folicitude for tranquillity and peace (my friendly heart being bent upon their encreafe) will have been made apparent. Continue to rejoice me with happy letters. (A true Tranflation) N. B. Edmonstone, P. T. m? 7.") Copy of a Letter from Tippoo Sultaun, to the Risiht ^ , , *• ' ' ' o I'.nclofure, in Honorable the Governor General. N? viii. From Tippoo Sultaun: Received 13th February, 1799. * I have been much gratified by the agreeable receipt of your Lordfliip's two friendly Letters; the firf!:, brought by a Camelman, the laft by Hircarrahs; and underftood their contents. The Letter of the Prince in ftation, like Tumflieid with angels as his guards, with troops numerous as the ftars, the Sun illuminating the world, the Heaven of empire and dominion, the luminary giving fplendour to the Univerfc, the firmament of glory and power, the Sultaun of the fea and the land, the King of Room (i. e. the Grand Seignor) be his empire and his power perpetual, addrelled to me, which reached you through the Britifh Envoy, and which you iranfmitted, has arrived. Being frcciuentiy difpofed to make excurfions and hunt, I am accordingly proceeding upon a hunting excurfion. You will be pleafed to dif- patch Major Doveton (about whofe coming your friendly pen has repeatedly written) nightly attended. Always continue to gratify me by friendly Letters, notifying your welfare. (A true Tranflation) N. B. Edmonstone, P. T. P (N? 8.) [ 54 ] Enci6fure la (N? 8.) CoPY of a LETTER from the Ridit Honorable the Governor N? VIIZ. ■ General to Tippoo Sultaun ; dated 2 2d February, 1799. To Tippoo Sultaun: Written 22d February, 1799. I had the honour, on the 13th inftant, to receive your Letter, acknowledging your receipt of my two Letters of the 9th and i6th January, informing me of your intention to proceed on a hunting cxcurfion, and defiring me to difpatch Major Doveton unattended to you. I lament mod fincerely, that the friendly intimation contained in my Letter"of the 9th January, regarding the dangers of delay, produced no efleft on your dif- cerning mind, and that you deferred your reply to that Letter to fo late a period of the feafon. Your long filcnce on this important and preffing occafion, compelled me to adopt the refolution of ordering the Britift forces to advance in concert with the armies of the Allied Powers. You are not ignorant that the period of the feafon rendered the advance of the army abfolutely necefiary to the common fecurity of the Allies. This movement of the army is to be imputed entirely to your repeated re- je6lion of my amicable propofal of fending an Ambaflador to your Prefence. Under the prefent circumftances, to fend Major Doveron to you, could not be attended with thofe advantages which would have refulted from his miflion at a pro- per feafon. The Allies, however, retaining an anxious define to effeift an adjuftment with you. Lieutenant General Harris, Commander of the BritiJh troops, has been em- powered to receive any embafly which you fhall difpatch to him. Lieutenant Ge- neral Harris will alfo authorize fuch perfons as he may think, proper, to concerr, in communication with your Ambaffadors, a new treaty of friendlliip with your Highnefs, founded on fuch conditions as appear to the Allies to be indifpenfably necefiary to the eftablilhment of a fecure and permanent peace. (A true copy) N. B. Edmonstone. (No. 9.) [ 55 3 (N? 9.) Copy of a Declaration of the Right Honorable the Enciofu,;,, Governor General in Council, for all the Forces and Affairs of the N? ^'i'^-" Britilh Nation in the Eaft-Indies, on Behalf of the Honorable the East-India Company and the Allies of the faid Company, their Highnefles the Nizam and the Peshwa. A folemn treaty of peace and friendfliip was concluded at Seringapatatn, be- tween the Honorable Company, and the Nabob Afoph Jah and the Pelhwa, on the one part, and the Nabob Tippoo Sultaun on the other part; and from that day all commotion and hoftility ceafed. Since that day, the three Allied States have inva- riably manifefted a facred regard for the obligations contrafted under that treaty with the Nabob Tippoo Sultaun, Of this uniform difpofition, abundant proofs have been afforded by each of the Allies. Whatever differences have arifen with regard to the limits of the territory of Myfore, have been amicably adjufted without difficulty, and with the mofl; exaft atcention to the principles of equity, and to the ftipulations of treaty. Such has been the folicitude of the Allies for the prefervation of tran- quillity, that they have viewed with forbearance, for fome years paft, various em- baffies and military preparations on the part of Tippoo SuUaun, of a tendency f» evidently hoftile to the interefts of the Allies, as would have juflified them, not only in the mofl: ferious remonfl;rances, but even in an appeal to Arms. On the part of the Britilh Government every endeavour has been employed to conciliate the confi- dence of the Sultaun, and to mitigate his vindidive fpirit, by the mofl: unequivocal acknowledgment and confirmation of his jufl: rights, and by the removal of every caufe of jealoufy, which might tend to interrupt the continuance of peace. Thefe pacific fentiments have been mofl: particularly manifefl:ed in the Governor General's recent decifion on Tippoo Sultaun's claim to the diflrid of Wynaad, and in the negotiation opened by his Lordfhip with regard to the diftrifts of Amcera and Sou- la. In every inftance the conduft of the Britifli Government in India towards Tippoo Sultaun, has been the natural refult of thole principles of moderation, juf- tice, and good faith, which the Lcgillature of Great Britain, and the Honorable the Eafl-India Company, have firmly eftabliflied as the unalterable rule of their inter- courfe with the Native Princes and States of India. The exemplary good faith and the pacific difpofition of the Allies, fince the con- clufion of the treaty of Seringapatam, has never been difputed even by Tippoo Sul- taun. r 56 ] Eoslj^Cure in taun. Far from having attempted to allege even the pretext of a complaint agai their conduift, he has conftantly acknowledged their juftice, fincerity, and gc in ft ood faith ; and has preferred, in the moft cordial terms, his defire to maintain and ftrengthen the foundations of harmony and concord with them. In the midfl: of thefe amicable proftidions on the part of Tippoo Sultaun, and at the moment when the Britifh Government had iffued orders for the confirmation of his claim to Wynaad, it was with aflonifhment and indignation that the Allies difcovered the engagements which he had contracted with the French Nation, in dire<51: violation of the Treaty of Seringapatr.m, as well as of his own moft folemn and recent proteftations of friendftiip towards the Allies. Under the mafk of thefe fpecious profeflions, and of a pretended veneration for the obligations of treaty, Tippoo Sultaun difpatched Ambaftadors to the Ifle of France, who, in a period of profound peace in India, propofed and concluded, in his name, an offenfive alliance with the French, for the avowed purpo(e of com- mencing a war of aggrefTion againft the Company, and confequently againft the Peftiwa and the Nizam, the Allies of the Company. The Ambaftadors, in the name of Tippoo Sultaun, demanded military fuccours from the French, and aftually levied a military force in the Ifle of France, with the declared \ie\\ of profecuting the intended war. When the Ambafladors returned, in a French fhip of war, from the Ifle of France, Tippoo Sultaun fufFered the military force, which they had levied for the avowed purpofe of making war upon the Allies, to land in his country 5 and finally, he admitted it into his army : By thefe perfonal adts ratifying and confirming the proceedings of his Ambafladors. This military force, however, was nor fufficiently powerful to enable him im- mediately to attempt his declared purpofe of attacking the Company's pofleffions ; but in the meanwhile he advanced his hoftile preparations conformably to his engage- ments with the French ; and he was ready to move his army into the Company's territories, whenever he might obtain from France the efFeftual fuccours, which he had affiduoufly folicited from that nation. But the providence of God, and the vifftorious arms of the Britifli nation, fruf- 7 trated [ 57 ] trated his vain hopes, and checked the prefumptiious career of the French in Egypt, Enctofure at the moment when he anxioufly expeiftcd their arrival on the Coaft of Malabar. '° ^' VIII. The Britifli Gcvcrnment, the Nizam, and the Pelhwa, had nor omitted the neceflary precaution of afl'cmbling their forces for the joint proteiflion of their refpec- tive dominions. The flrift principles of felf-defence would have juftified the Allies at that period of time in making an immediate attack upon the territories of Tippoa Sultaun ; but even the happy intelligence of the glorio-js fuccefs of the Britifh fleet at the Mouth of the Nile, did not abate the anxious defirc of the Allies to maintain the relations of amity and peace with Tippoo Sultaun. They attempted, by a moderate reprefentation, to recall him to a fenfe of his obligations, and of the genuine principles of prudence and policy ; and they employed every effort to open the channels of negotiation, and to facilitate the means of amicable accommodation. With thefe falutary views the Governor General, on the 8th November 1798, in the name of the Allie?, propofed to difpatch an Ambaffador to Tippoo Sultaun, for the purpofc of renewing the bonds of friendOiip, and of concluding fuch an arrangement as might afford effedual fecurity againftany future interruption of the public tranquillity ; and his Lordfhip repeated the fame propofal on the lOth December 1798. Tippoo Sultaun declined, by various evafions and fubterfuges, this friendly and moderate advance on the part of the Allies, and he manifcfted an evident difpofition to rejefl the means of pacific accommodation, by fuddenly breaking up, in the month of December, the conferences which had commenced with refpedl to the diftridts of Ameera and Soula, and by interrupting the intercourfe between his fulijefts and thofe of the Company on their refpeftive frontiers. On the 9th of January 1799, the Governor General being arrived at Fort St. George (notwithflar.dirg thefe difcouraging circum- ftances in the conduct of Tippoo Sultaun) renewed with increafed earneftnefs, the tx- preffion of his LordQiip's anxious defire to difpatch an Ambaffador to the Sultaun. , The Governor General exprefsly folicited the Sultaun to return an anfwer within one day to this Letter ; and as it involved no propofition either injurious to the rights, dignity, or honour of the Sultaun, in any degree novel or complicated either in form or fubftance, it could not require a longer confideration. The Governor General waited with the utmoft folicitude for an anfwer to the reafonahle and diftinfl propofition contained in his Letter of the 9th January 1799. Tippoo Sultaun, however, who muft have received this Letter before the 15th of January, remained filent, although the Governor General had plainly apprized that Prince, that dangerous confequences Q would [ 58 ] Encl.'fure would refult from delay. In the mean while the feafon for military operations had ' ^o V"TTT ^ * ' '' ' already advanced to fo late a period^ as to render a fneedy decifion indifpenfable to the fecurity of the Allies : Under thefe circumstances, on the 3d of February (eight days having elapfed from the period when an anfwer might have been received from Se- ringaparam to the Governor General's Letter of the 9th of January) his Lordfnip declared to the Allies, that the necefTary meafures muft now be adopted, without delay, for fecuring fuch advantages as fhould place the common fafety of the Allies beyond the reach of the infincerity of Tippoo Sultaun, and of the violence of the French. With this view, the Governor General on the 3d of February iffued orders to the Briiifli armies to march, and (ignified to the Commander of His Ma- jefty's fquadron, that the obflinate filence or the Sultaun muft be confidered as a reje&ion of the propofed amicable negotiation. At length, on the 13th of February, a Letter from Tippoo Sultaun reached the Governor General; in which the Sultaun fignifies to his Lordfhip "That being " frequently difpofed to make excurfions and hunt, he was accordingly proceeding " upon a hunting excurfion ;" adding " That the Governor General would be pleafcd " todifpatch Major Dovetonto him, unattended." The Allies will not dwell on the peculiar phrafes of this letter j but it muft be evident to all the States of India, that the anfwer of the Sultaun has been deferred to this late period of the feafon, with no other view than to preclude the Allies, by infidious delays, from the benefit of thofe advantages which their combined military operations would enable them to fecure. On thofe advantages alone (under the recent experience of Tippoo Sultaun's violation of the Treaty of Seringapatam, and under the peculiar circumftances of that Prince's offenfive alliance with the French) can the Allies now venture to rely for the faithful execution of any treaty of peace concluded with Tippoo Sultaun. The Allies cannot fuffer Tippoo Sultaun to profit by his own ftudied and fyfte- matic delay, nor to impede fuch a difpofition of their military and naval force, as fhall sppear beft calculated to give effeft to their juft views. Bound by the facred obligations of public faith, profeffing the moll amicable difpofition, and undifturbed in the pofleffion of thofe dominions fecured to him by treaty, Tippoo Sultaun wantonly violated the relations of amity and peace, and compelled C 59 ] compelled the Allies to arm In defence of their rights, their happinefs, and their Enclofuie honor. mN?vm. For a period of three months, he obflinatelj' rejeded every pacific overture, in the hourly expeftation of receiving that fiiccour, which he has eagerly folicited for the profecution of his favorite purpofes of ambition and revenge. Difappointed in his hopes of immediate vengeance and conqueft, he now reforts to fubterfuge and procraflination, and by a tardy, reludtant, and infidious acquiefcence, in a propo- fition which he had fo long and repeatedly declined, he endeavors to fruflrate the precautions of the Allies, and to protradt every effcdtual operation, until fome change of circumftances and of feafon fhall revive his expeiflations of difturbing the tran" quillity of India, by favoring the irruption of a French army. The Allies are equally prepared to repel his violence, and to counteract his artifices and delays. The Allies are therefore refolved, to place their army in fuch a pofuion as fhall afford adequate protedtion againft any artifice or infiiicerity, and fhall preclude the return of that danger, which has fo lately menaced their poffeflTions. The Allies, however, retaining an anxious defire to effedt an adjuftment with Tippoo Sultaur, Lieutenant General Harris, Commander in Chief of His Majefty's and the Honor- able Company's forces on the Coaft of Coromandel and Malabar, is authorized to receive any Embaffy which Tippoo Sultaun may difpatch to the Head Qiiarters of the Britifh Army, and to concert a treaty on fuch conditions as appear to the Allies to be indifpenfably necelTary for the eftabllfhrnent of a fecure and permanent peace. Dated Fort St. George, izd February 1799- (By order of the Right Honorable the Governor General) N. B. Edmonstone, P. T,. (N? 10.) [ 6o ] Enciofure ^N? 10.^ ABSTRACT RETURN of the Troops that marchcd for the in N? VIII. Myfore Country from the Coromandel Coaft ; taken from the Monthly Returns of the Corps in the Adjutant General's Office, for the Month of February 1799. CORPS. 19th Regiment Light Dragoons 25th ift - - Native Cavalry- ad - - - - - 3d - - - - - 4th . - - - - Two Companies Bengal Artillery ift Battalion Artillery 3d - - - - - 1 2th Regiment Foot 33d - 73d - 74th - Scotch Brigade Swifs Regiment Non-comitiiflioned, Drums, Rank and File. Total Cavalry Total Artillery Total European Infantry ifl Battalion, ifl: Regiment Native Infantry 2d ---3d 2d - - - 5th ift - - - 6th 430 454 439 42 z 437 453 139 148 321 693 879 746 789 559 7'5 963 1,023 1,080 1,012 Can. jorwnrd 4,078 TOTAL 884 r.751 608 4,3Si [ 6i 3 Non -commiflfioncd, EnclofuK CORPS. Drums, Rank and TOTAL. in N? VUl. FUe. Brought forward 4,0 7 8 ift Battalion 8th Regiment, Native Infantry - - 910 2d - - - pth - . - . . - 821 ift - - - i2th - 795 2d - - - i2th ----- - 1,034 Three Battalions, Bengal Volunteers - 3>o57 Total Native Infantry 10,695 Gun Lafcars ------ - 1:483 Pioneers - 1,000 Total Gun Lafcars and Pioneers 2,483 9 Non-commiffioncd, ABSTRACT. Drums, Rank and Fi e. Cavalry - - - _ - 2,635 Artillery - 608 European Infantry - - - -- - 4,381 Native Infantry - . - - - 10,695 Total Fighting Men - - - 18,319 Lafcars and Pioneers - 2,483 Grand Total - - - - - 20,8ot R Detachment C 62 ] Enclofure in N? vrif. Detachment under the Command of Colonel Roberts. CORPS. Non-conimiffioned, Drums, Rank and File. I Company Bengal Artillery - . - I - - - Coaft . . _ I ft Battalion, loth Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry Id - - - loth ad - - - 2d - - - Coaft Native Infantry 2d - - - 4th ------- tG: - - - nth - 2d ---nth ------- Companies of Gun Lafcars Total V 57 85 993 ijOoS I5051 998 989 1,037 TOTAL. 142 6,076 318 6,536 (Signed) ' John Brathwaite, MfiJ. Gen. (N?n.) VO < ^ C , 6 Si S •±3 CO O to •"-« w bo § .s A bJO c -:^ O rt (U U ^ C s a o u 4.1 (U h-3 C/3 OS On 3 W t^ " ^? o O c oJ G u 1=1 rt Z « 3 2 CA U. erf O u en c-i CO VO sD VO t^\0 ^ tJ- o PI VO CO o fn ci On i I I i ^ O ON oo O C\ o\ fO t^ O c^ O CN On VO "^ >J^ en O r~.oo o VO — vO cn w o JO .^ C en • -►-in <-> , li S>-, . _ O Q_:ti-, L. o ^ oU o til CO o o u c 2 '5 C v,-, i_ — « O >- C3 O o^-3M o o O o o e4 •S.O "3 55 O 2SjS S§ :jSju 4-> I I CO 55 o o 4-' c CJ c s «j T3 (J « ■ .2 c xf j: -T3 ID "> M-t O .S E^ ^ — Q ' Z"^ OJ S _e s OJ iU •5 -a re ■a c CJ V , ^ n » ■ — ■ -■ I^J o o s OJ s O ■o C .J. >^ m C t> _ ni -a tl) TJ dj c C s i^ o U OJ o [ 64 ] ^rvm C^'-" ^2.) An Account of Rice and Gram, colleded in the Coorga Country, for the Ufe of the Army. RICE. Contrad Rice, provided by Choakara Moufa, and deliverable at the head of the Poodicherrura Ghaut, by the 25th of February, 30,000 lbs. Morahs of 40 Pucka Seers, or 80 lbs. each ._---.-- 2,400,000 Rice collefted by the Raja, and ftored at Ver Rajunder-Pet ift March, 33,000 Batties of 60 Pucka Seers, or 120 lbs. each ----- 3,960,000 lbs. 6,360,000 Being at i p**. per man per day, equal to the fubfiftence of 40,000 men for 159 days. GRAM. Deliverable at the head of the Poodicherrum Ghaut, by the 25th lbs. February, 1,000 Candies of 560 lbs. each, or -------- 5,60,000 Being at lolbs. per day per horfe. Gram for 2,800 horfes for 20 days. N? IX. Extract of a Letter from Lord Mornington to the Secret Com- mittee ; dated Fort St. George, 22d April 1799. Since my arrival at this Prefidency, I have addrefled three feparate Letters to your Honorable Committee, under date the* 13th January, 13th February, and 15th March 1799 ; my feparate Letters of the 20th of March, and of this date, to the ' — ■■■■-- — ■■ ■ -... I— III— .-■■■._-»■._. ., .^ — I ^ ■ ■ I — - - * The fubftance of thel'e Letters have been detailed in Lord Mornington's Letter of the 20th March^i799. [ 65 ] the Court of Direftors, and the Letter to your Konorable Committee from the Go- vernor General in Council at Fort St. George, of the 7th April, contain a view of fuch events as have happened in this quarter fince the date of my lafl; Letter ti> you. To thefe advices, I do not feel it neceffary to add any thing at piefcnt, further than my aflurance that every circumftance promifes a fpeedy and advantageous iffue to the war with Tippoo Sultaun, and that all fuch private intelligence as I have received concurs to favor this expedtation. I have the fatisfadtion to inform you, that notwithftanding the export of 40 lacs of rupees in fpecie to this Prefidency, and the adlual commencement of hoflilities with Tippoo Sultaun, the difcount upon all the public fecurities in Bengal has ex- perienced a confiderable diminution during the courfe cf the laft month; and with the aid of the fupplies in fpecie which we expeft from England, I flatter myfelf that I fliall be enabled, within a (hort period of tim.e, to direct an enlargement of the Commercial Inveftment at all the Prefidencies. I am naturally impatient to return to Bengal, but the experience of every hour convinces me more flrongiy that the avowed projefts of Tippoo Sultaun, combined with his acknowledged means of carrying them into effedl, have been among the moft efficient caufes, not only of the decline of public and private credit in Bengal, but alfo of encouragement to the diforderly and difafFefted clafs of your fubjeds. I am therefore perfuaded, that the effedual reduflion of Tippoo's means of mifchicf is indifpenfable to the welfare anJ tranquillity of ail your polTeirions. Under this imprefTion, 1 feel it to be my duty to remain at this Prefidency as long as my prefence can in any degree contribute- to the energy and vigour of our military operations. By the lareft accounts from Conftantinople it appears, that General Buonaparte's army ftill conlifts of 17 or 18,000 fighting men. The Government of Bombay have fitted out an expedition againft the Idand of Perim, according to your orders. You will probably learn from them, that I called their attention ro the lame objedl, as foon as I learnt the arrival of the French in Egypt. My Letter reached Bombay towards the conclufion of the month of October, but my fuggeftion was not executed, in confequence of a fuppofed deficiency of water on the Ifland of Perim. Upon receiving a fimilar fuggeftion from me, Admiral Rainier forwarded a con- S ditional C 66 ] ditional order, for the occupation of the Ifland, to Commodore Blankett by the Cen- turion. Since the receipt of your orders, however, I underftand it has been afcer- tained at Bombay, that the liland of Perim is not deficient in water. N? X. Extract of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General in Council to the Secret Committee; dated Fort St. George, the i8th April 1799. The Governor General having informed us, that he has communicated, in fe- parate difpatches to your Committee, and to the Court of Dirtfftors, the general caufes which have compelled his Lordfhip to arm for offenfive war againft Tippoo Sukaun, the grounds and principles on which his Lordfhip's repeated applications to Tippoo for the admiffion of an Embafly from the Supreme Government have been founded, as well as the general political ftate of India, we think it premature, at this ftage of affairs, to enter into any detailed explanation of the (late of the war, or of the important confequences which are likely to follow its termination. We are defirous however to take this opportunity of exprcfling our entire con- currence in thejuftice and neceffity of the war in which we are now engaged, being convinced Tippoo Sultaun's repeated evafions of the Governor General's pacific pro- pofitions, as well as his attempt to fruftrate the advantages of our military prepa- jations by an infidious and tardy acceptance of the negotiation which he had fo long declined, left no other means of fecuring your interefts than thofe which the Governor General has employed. We are further confirmed in this opinion, by leflefting on the poffibiiity of Tippoo deriving fome of the advantages which he expedled from his alliance with the French, as we are ftill entirely ignorant of the condition of the French Army in Egypt, as well as the ftate of our naval defences in the Red Sea, no intelligence having yet been obtained of Commodore Blankett's arrival at his dellined ftation. Under thefe circumftances, every principle of felf-defence, and of prudent precaution. [ 67 ] precaution, required that the Sultaun fhould be deprived of the power of avainhg himfelf ofthe alliftance of the French, before it would reach his dominions. Inni- preficd with thefe fentiments, we (hall continue to pay the moft vigilant attention to this important objeft; and we beg leave to aflure you of our moft cordial co- operation, and our moft zealous fupport, of the meafures which the Governor Ge- neral has already adopted, or which his Lordlhip may yet think it advifeable to adopt, for the attainment of thefe objeds. In reflecting upon the aflual ftate of things, it is impofiible not to advert to the perfedt fecurity which we poflefs in the Decan, from the vigorous and dccifive meafures adopted for the fupprefiion of the French Intereft at Hyderabad, and from the intimate connexion which at prefent fo happily fubfifts between the Company and His Highnefs the Nizam; and which has not only relieved us from the anxiety infeparable from the former growth and extent of French Influence at that Court, but has enabled us, at the critical juncture of a war with Tippoo Sultaun, to bring the whole of the fubfidiary force, with a large portion of the Nizam's, into the Myfore Country. The unremitting exertions which have been made for the removal of our pecuniary embarraflrnents, have enabled us to furmount the difiicul- ties which appeared to oppofe the progrefs of the army. We have the confequent fatisfaftion of informing you, that the army under Lieutenant General Harris, equipped beyond all former comparifon in the great de- partments of ordnance, ftores, grain, provifions, bullocks, and fpecie, within eight months from the ilTue of our firft orders for aflTembling it, and within one month fince it crofTed our frontier, has finally taken up its ground for the fiege of Strin- gapatam. The detailed fuccelTes of the Commander in Chief, his able difpofitions and movements, the brilliant advantage obtained by the Bombay Army under Lieutenant General Stuart over the flower of Tippoo's army, commanded by the Sultaun in perfon, the extenfive and important afllflance furniflied by our faithful Ally the Rajah of Coorga, and the cordial co-operation of His Excellency Rear Admiral Rainier, will be fubjeds of more detailed difpatches at a future period; but we have thought it our duty, which we execute with particular fatisfaftion, to commu- nicate to your Committee the unrivalled pre-eminence ofthe Britifli Power in India, the fecurity which we derive from our fuccefTes at Hyderabad and in Myfore, againfl t 68 ] agJinft any prefent or future efforts, either of intrigue or force, on the part of the French Republic, and the well-founded expeftations which we entertain from the ftate of your alliances and the efficiency of your military force, of eftablifliing your interefts ia India upon a footing of permanent ftability. No. XI. Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General to the Court of Directors ; dated Fort St. George, 20th April, 1 799. To the Honorable the Court of Diredtors for the Affairs of the Honorable the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eafl-Indies. Honorable Sirs, 1. I now proceed to fubmit to you a detail of the operations of the armies in Myfore. 2. The Army of Bombay under the command of Lieutenant General Stuart, inarched from Cananore on the 21ft of February, arrived at the head of the Pondi- cherrum Ghaut on the 25th of the fame month, and took poft at Seedapoor and Sedafere on the 2d of March, for the protection of the large fupplies which had been collected at Verajunder Pett in the diftrift of Coorga. From thefe pofitions, on Lieutenant General Harris's approach. Lieutenant General Stuart intended to form ajundion with the army of Madras. 3. The army of Madras, under the command of Lieutenant General Harris, entered the territory of Myfore on the 5th of March, when Lieutenant General Harris forwarded to Tippoo Sultaun my Letter (forming N? 8, of the Enclofures ofmyfepajate difpatch to your Honorable Court, of the 20th March) and pub- lifhed the declaration forming N? 9, of the Enclofures of the fame difpatch. 4. The operations of the army of Madras commenced by the reduftlon of feveral forts upon the frontier. Some of thefe forts furrendered without any refift- ance, and none of them were defended with fpirit, although the Sultaun appears, 3 from [ 69 ] from the improved eflablifliment on which he had placed their garrifons, to have provided as well as he could for a different xefuk. 5. The progrefs of the army of Madras, owing to its ample eqviipmems in every department, pariicularly in that of the ordnance, neceflary for the fiege of Seringapatam, was unavoidably flow; its movemcutSj however, were but little impeded by the enemy. Confiderable bodies of horfe hovered about its line of march, but without any other elfcft than that of rendering the communications with \the Company's territories extremely difficult. Some parties of horfe attacked the Nizam's Contingent, and His Highnefs's Cavalry are reported by General Harris to have conducted themfelves with great fpirit, a clrcumftaiice which may partly be attributed to the improvements recently introduced into the difcipline and eftablilh- ments of His Highnefs's Cavalry, at the recommendation of the Britifh Refideiit, under my inftruftions. 6. At the period when the army of Madras entered Myfore, Tippoo Sultaun was fuppofed to be encamped in the vicinity of Maddoor, and to be preparing to move in the diredlion of Bangalore, for the purpofe of oppofing the progrefs of the army of Madras, in the event of Lieutenant General Harris adually pafiing the frontier; but it foon appeared, that although the Sultaun had fo recently afFcfted a 'difpofuion to admit an Embaffy from the Britifh Government, he had probably no other view than to conceal the defign which he had formed, of ftriking a fudden and early blow againfl: the army of Bombay ; for without allowing me the fame time to anfwer his lad. Letter which he had taken for replying to thofe addreffed by me to him, and without waiting to hear of the actual commencement of hoftilities on the part of the Britifh Government, became to the refolution of attacking the army of Bombsy, then affembled beyond the line of his frontier in the diftrict of Coorga, under the Command of Lieutenant General Stuart. 7. For this purpofe Tippoo, taking with him the flower of his army, appearis to have marched from his camp near Cenapatam on the 28th of February, (when Lieutenant General Harris was (till within the Company's territories) and moving rapidly in the direttion of Periapatam, to have arrived there on the morning of the 5th of March, being the fame day on which Lieutenant General Harris entered My- fore on the Ealtern Frontier. T S. On [ 70 ] 8. On the 6th of March, Tippoo Sultaun pafied his own frontier, and attack- ed a detachment of the army of Bombay, under the Command of Lieutenant Gene- ral Stuart, the total ftiengtli of whofe entire army did not amount to more thnn fix thoufand fighting men. The attack of the Sultana's force was fiiftaincd by a body not exceeding two thoufand men, and the Siiltaim's army was finally defeated and completely difperfed, before General Stir.irt could collect the whole of his divided force. It is with infinite fatisfaclion that I enclofe, for information of your Honor- Vide N? XII able Court, the Paper marked (N? i,) containing General Stuart's account of this brilliant and important aiSliou, which took place at Seedafere on the 6th March. 9. After this fignal defeat, Tippoo retreated precipitately to his camp at Pe- riapatam, and remained there until the nth of March, without making any further attempt to moleft the army of Bombay. The lofs fulbined by Tippoo's Army on the 6th of March, appears to have amounted to near 2,coo killed, wounded, and prifoners (which included feveral officers of rank, and fome of confiderable diftinc- tindion) : that fuftained on the 7th, by the army of Bombay, will appear in Lieute- nant General Stuart's Letter. TO. Adverting to the great difproportion of numbers, and to other eircifm- ftances of difadvantage, I am confident that your Honorable Court will be of opi- nion, that the conduct and fuccefs of the army of Bombay on that day has feldon> been equalled, and never furpafled in India. 11. Under this impreflion, I take the liberty of recommending to your fa- vourable notice, the feveral officers and corps, named by Lieutenant General Stuart in his Letter of the Sth of March, and I am anxious to requeft your particular attention to the didinguifhed condudt of Lieutenant General Stuart, and Major General Hartley, as well as of Lieutenant Colonel Montrefor, aad of Lieutenant Colonel Dunlop. Major General Hartley had already received a public teflimon/ of my particular approbation of his extraordinary merit, in collefting ftores and pro- vifions in the diftridt of Coorga, previoufly to the arrival of General Stuart on the Coaft of Malabar. 12. Tippoo returned from Periapatam to Seringapatam, and arriving at the latter place on the 14th of March, moved from thence immediately to meet Lieutenant General Harris and tfic army of Madras. 13. LieutenanE [ 7' ] 13. Lieutenant Genera! Harris had advanced on the 26th of March to a po- fition between Sultanpet and Malavell)', having met with no confiderable impedi nient from the enemy. The enemy made their appearance in force on that day, but without attempting to diftiirb our army. On the 27th of March, when the army reached its ground at Malavelly, Tippoo opened a diftjnt cannonade upon it, which though a: nrfl difregarded by Lieutenant General Harris, ultimately led to a general engagement, in which the enemy was completely defeated, and driven from .every Pofl: which he attempted to maintain. Our lofs on this occafion was very inconfi- derable; only feven rank and file being killed, and a few men (including four Officers) wounded, v^hile that of the enemy is fuppofed to have amounted to near feven hundred. 14. I refer your Honorable Court to Lieutenant General Harris's Letter of the 27th of March, which forms a part of the Enclofure, N? 2, for a more particu- lar account of this important vidtory, requefting alfo your attention to the merits of the feveral Officers and Corps diftinguidied by the notice of Lieutenant General Harris. • 15. General Harris marched on the 20th a few mrles to the fouthward of Ma- lavelly, without the leaft interruption from the enemy; from whence it may be in- ferred that Tippoo Sultaun was confiderably difpirited by the defeat which he had fuflained on the preceding day, added to the previous fuccefs obtained over him by the army of Bombay. 16. On the 29th of March, General Harris happily accomplifhed a movemen'^ •which mud have greatly aftonifhed and difconcerted the enemy : inftead of pro- ceeding in the diredion of Arakerry and Karagat, Lieutenant General Harris fud- denly turned towards the river Cavery, where, finding a Ford at fome diftance above the junction of the Cavery and Copany, he immediately crofled the Cavery with a part of his army, and occupied ftrong pofitions on both banks of that river, at the diftance of about fifteen miles from Seringapatam. This movement was alfo made without the leaft oppofitiori on the part of the enemy, who indeed does not feem to have entertained the moft diftant fufnicion of the Britifh General's defi^n. 17. Lord Cornwallis, at a more advanced period of the year, having in vain fought for a pradlicable Ford to the fouthward of Seringapatam, Tippoo probably concluded that Lieutenant General Harris would have purfued his Lordlhip's routs 7 JO. L 7^ 1 to the Ford of Canianibaddy, northward of Sertrgapatam, for the purpofe of effedling ai jundlion from thence; with the army of Bombay. It is difficult to account oiherwife for Tippou's inadion, while General Harris executed this arduous and important movement. i8. The advantages of the pofition thus acquired by General Harris muft prove confiderable. In addition to the immediate acquifuion of cattle and forage, it mull facilitate the jundlion with the army of Bombay ; it muft afford additional fecurity to the abundant magazines which have been formed in ths Coorga countrv and favor the fafe approach of our convoys from the fouthern diftridts, and from the the Barrahmahl, by the Pafs of Coveriporam ; and it promifes to open to cur army that range of forage fituated to the fouthward of Seringapatam, which Tippoo feems to have referved for the confumption of his own army. 19. Lieutenant General Harris, with his whole army, having croffed the Cavery on the 30th of March, halted near the village of Sovelly on the 31ft. On the I ft of April he moved towards Seringapatam, and on the 5th, encamped two miles S. W. of that city, having experienced no oppofition from the enemy fince the 27th of March. On the morning of the 6th of April, after an engagement in which the enemy appears to have made confiderable refiftance, Lieutenant General Harris took pofleffion of Sultanpctta, aid an adjacent tope, or grove, and about the fame time Major General Floyd, with a ftrong detachment, was fent to cffefl a junction with the army ot Bombay. On the morning of the 6th April, Lieutenant General Stuart received at Secdapore a note from Lieutenant General Harris, an- nouncing the arrival of the latter at Seringapatam, and alfo fignifying that Major General Floyd was to be detached from the army of Madras on the 6th April, for the purpofe already ftated. In confequence of this intelligence. Lieutenant General Stuarc had determined to march from Sedapore to Sedafere on the 7th April; and it is probable that the jundion of the army of Bombay, with the detachment under the Command of Major General Floyd, was effedled on the 8th, in the neighbour- hood of Periapatain. The laft accounts received by me from General Harris, are dated on the 7th inftant, when he ftates that he had taken up his pofition for the ficge of Seringapatam. 20. Tippoo Sultaun, on the 7th April, had not returned any anfwer to my Letter of the zid of February, nor had he manifefted any difpofiti.-n to propof^ a ncgcituition. C 73 3 negotiation. Lieutenant General Harris is inftrudcd to propofe preliminary afticicj of peace to the SultauB, before the Britilh batteries (hall be opened againft Serin- gapatam. 21. While General Harris was advancing towards Seringapatam, Lieutenant Colonel Read was employed in reducing the country to the northward of Ryacottah. His operations were intended to have embraced a wide range, and he had made confiderable progrefs in them, when the more urgent fervice of convoying to tho army the large fupplies which were coUcfted in the Barrahmahl, made it neceffary for him to change the direction of his march. He is now drawing together in the vicinity of Coveryporam, the numerous Benjaries and other fupplies intended for the army encamped before Seringapatam, which place it is hoped he may be able to reach early in May. 22. To the fouthward of the Carnatic and of Myfore, Lieutenant Colonel Brown, at the head of a refpedtable detachment, began his operation by the reduc- tion of Carroor, which furrendered to him without any ferious refiflance on the 5th April. On the 8th he fent a detachment againfl Errode, and marched himfelf oa the 9th to reduce Aravacourchy. He would, however, be obliged to fufpend his intended operations in the diftridt of Coimbatore, and to unite his detachment to that of Colonel Read, with a view of forming a force fufficiently ftrong to give due pro- tedtion to the large and important fupplies proceeding to Seringapatam. 23. Aravacourchy, which had been confiderably ftrengthened fince lall war, furrendered to Lieutenant Colonel Brown on the loth inftant. 24. I have annexed to this Difpatch, for the information of your Honorable Court, copies of the feveral Letters and Notes received by me from Lieutenant General Harris, from the 6th of March to the 7th April inclufive, and alfo copies of the Difpatches which I have received from Lieutenant General Stuart, on the Sth March and the 6th of April. i have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs, With the greateft refpe£t, Fort Sr. George, Your moft obedient and faithful fervint, 2Qth April, 1799. MORNINGTON. 22d April 1799. P. S. After clofing my Letter, I had the fatisfaftion to receive the Difpatches from Generals Harris and Stuart, of which copies are inclofed, making N? 4 and 5. U I congratulate C 74 ] I congratulate your Honorable Court on the fuccefsful jundllon of the detatch- ment under General Floyd, with the army of Bombay. The final junction of the whole with the army before Seringapatam, was expected to take place about the i3tli inltant. It may be fafely affirmed, not to be in the power of Tippoo even materially to retard this junftion, which, when effefted, muft excite a ferious alarm in the mind of the SuUaun for the fafety of his capital, if not of his perfon. Your Honorable Court will perceive, that Lieutenant General Harris, in his progrefs to Seringapatam, encountered the fame difficulties which were experienced by Lord Cornwallis, from the failure of the cattle provided for the fervice of the army, which although amply fufficient in point of number at the commencement of the expedition, appears to have rapidly decreafed on the entrance of the army into Myfore. The climate and water of that country are reprefented to be extremely unfavorable to the cattle of the Carnatic. The delay which arofe from this unavoid- able contingency feems to have been confiderable ; but your Honorable Court will no doubt view with fatisfa(51ion, the fpirit and firmnefs with which this difficulty was met by the Commander in Chief, and the zealous exertion of the whole army, by which Jie was enabled to proceed on his march. "When I clofed my Letter, I had not received any detailed relation of the aftion of the 27th March, or any official return of our lofs on that occafion. The difpatch fince received from General Harris fupplies the defed, and at the fame time ffiows that the lofs fuftained by the enemy in the battle of Malavelly, was far more confiderable than I had fuppofed. The accounts received by General Harris on the fubjeft of the enemy's lofs, as ftated in his Letter to me of the 5th inftanti are confirmed by the reports of fome Hircarrahs belonging to General Stuart, who were in Tippoo's camp fubfequently to the engagement. I have added, for the further information of your Honorable Court, a Iketch of the pofition of the army before Seringapatam on the 5th April (N? 6.), a flcetch of the attack made by Tippoo Sultaun on part of the army under Lieutenant General Stuart on the 6th March (N? 7.), and the order of battle of the army under Lieutenant General Harris on its entrance into Myfore (N? 8.) (N? 12.) C 75 ] ;:".'\^^: N?X1I. Copy of a Letter from Lieutenant General Stuart to the GovER^''OR : Qjp;N;^RAi, in Council; dated 8 th March, 1799. . '. , i\ -1 To the Right Honorable the Earl of Mornington, K. P. Governor General, &:c. Sec. Fort St. George. My Lord, I. I had the honor to addrefs your Lordflilp on the 20th ultimo •, and having marched from Cananore on the following day, agreeably to my intimation of that date, I arrived at the top of Pondiacherrum Gaut on the 25th of the fame month. z I informed your Lordfhip it was my intention to aflume a defcnfive pcfition clofe to the frontiers j and there await, in conformity to General Harris's inftrudions, under date the 24th December, his further orders. In purfuance of this plan I moved the corps fuccefTively forward, and placed them in fuqh fituations as might enable me moft promptly to form the propofed junction with the principal army. 3. On the 2d inftant the right brigade, conrifi:ing of three native battalions, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Montrefor, took up their ground at Seedafeer, the boundary of the Coorga country, and about feven miles diftant from; Periapatam. The main body of the army, with the park and provifions, remained at Seedapore and Ahmootenaar ; the firft eight miles, and the latter twelve, from the advanced pofition. 4. It may be neceflary to inform your Lordfliip, that I was in fome meafure compelled, from the nature of the country, which is every where covered with thick Jungles, to place the army in feveral divifions ; but I had a further view in occupying the pofl at Seedafeer, in order to preierve a more ready communication with General Harris, as this was the only fpot from whence the fignals eftabliflied between the two armies could be obferved. Although I had no reafon to apprehend any immediate attack, I thought it advifablc to adopt the precaution of encamping 3 the [ 7^ 3 the corps at fuch fliort diflances, as would either enable me to move without much lofs of time, into the enemy's Territory, or to fupport, if occafion fhould require it, any quarter that might ftand in need of afllftagije. . -j..^ ., , -•> , 5. In the courfe of the morning of the 5 th, an extehfive'encampment was vinexpededly obferved to be forming on this fide the fort of Periapatam. This circumftance was difcovered at ten o'clock in the forenoon, as the enemy were taking up their ground, by a party of obfervation, on the funimit of the high hill of Seedafeer, which commands a view of the Myfore almoft to the environs of Seringapatam. Before the evening this encampment affumed a very formidable appearance, and covered a great extent of ground ; we were able to count from 3 to 400 tents i amoRgfl the number fome of large dimenfions were diftinguilhed, and particularly one of a green colour, that feemed to denote the prefence of the Sultaun. However much the probabiliy of this circumftance might be ftrength- ened by the refpedlable appearance of the encampment, it was contradided by the evidence of two Hircarrahs, who had recently arrived from Seringapatam, Thefe men generally reported, that Tippoo had marched, with all his forces, on the 20th ultimo, to oppofe the progrefs of the Madras army ; and that the Benky Nabob commatided the only force in the field that remained in the neighbourhood of Seringapatam. This force was reprefented to be encamped at Canniambaddy, and to confiflof 5,000 Piadas, or irregular Infantry, who were faid to be intended as a covering party to 7,000 Benjaries, and direded to bring as much provifions 2S they could colled: about Periapatam to the capital. 6. In this ftate of uncertainty I thought it prudent to reinforce Lieutenant Colonel Montrefor's ijrigade with an additional battalion of fepoys, and waited for n>cTe eorredf intelligence, which I expelled hourly, to aft with the whole of my forces, as affairs might render it ncceffary. On the morning of the 6tb, Major General Har:lej went forward to reconoitre; and at break of day, from the hill of obfervation, the whole of the enemy's army was difcovered to be in motion ; but their movements were fo well concealed by the woodinefs of the country, and the hazinefs of the atmofphere, that it was impoITible to afcertain their objeft ; nor^ in fa(5tfl was this difcovered until they had penetrated a confiderable way into .the Jungle, and commenced an attack upon our Line, which happened between the hours of nine and ten. 7. The [ 77 ] 7. The enemy pierced through the Jungles with fuch fecrecy and expedition, that they attacked the rear and the front of our Line alnnoft at the fame inftant. This difpatch prevented more than three of our corps being engaged, as the fourth, which was pofted two miles and a half in the rear, was unable to form a junftion, from the enemy having cut in between them and Seedafcer. The communication was effedually obflrufted by a Column, which, according to the reports of our pri- foners, confided of upwards of 5,000 men under the Command of Baber Jung. 8. Fortunately, before the enemy had accompliflied their purpofe, Major General Hartley had time to apprize me of their attack, and remained himfelf to give any affiftance that might be necelTary. The befl: pofition was afTumed for repulfing the enemy ; and in this alarming fituation the corps defended themfelvcs with fo much refolution, that the Sultaun's troops were unable to make any impref- fion. The brigade was on every fide completely furrounded, and had to contend againft a vafl diiparity of numbers, befides other difcouraging circumftances. 9. As foon as T received intelligence of the perilous fituation of the right bri- gade, I marched to their affiftance, with the two flank Companies of His Majefty's 75th Regiment, and the whole of the 77th. I arrived about half paft two in fight of the divifion of the enemy, who had penetrated into the rear, and poflefled them- felves of the great road leading to Scedafeer. The engagement lalied nearly half an hour, when, after a fmart fire of mufquetry on both fides, the enemy were com- pletely routed, and fled with precipitation through the Jungles, to regain their Co- lumn, which flill continued the attack in front. On arriving at Lieutenant Colonel Montrefor's pofl:, I found his men exhaufted with fatigue, and their ammunition almoll expended. At 20 minutes paft three the enemy retreated in all direc- tions. 10. For this decifive, and, T hope your Lorddiip will allow, brilliant fuccefs, confidering the fmall number ot troops who engaged, under very great difadvan- tages, probably the flower of Tippoo Sultaun's Army, I feel myfelf peculiarly in- debted to the judicious difpofitions for defence made by General Hartley. He embraced the opportunity of obferving the motions of the enemy from the hill I have above-mentioned, and was thus enabled to advife Lieutenant Colonel Mon- trefor of the beft method for defeating them. I beg leave alfo to inform your Lordfliip, that my beft thanks are due to Lieutenant Colonel Montrefor, for his X very C 78 ] very aftlve exertions; and to the OlHcers and Men, including the Artillery of his bri- gade, for their gallant and fteady behaviour throughout the whole of this arduous affair. Lieutenant Colonel Dunlop, and the European Divifion under his com- mand, are likewife entitled to my particular approbation, for their fpirited condud, which finally routed the enemy. Vide Enclo- It- Our lofs on this occafion is far lefs thaia could reafonably have been ex- lure, IS. I. pe^ed ; and I have the honour to inclofe, for your Lordfiiip's information, a return of this circumftance. 12. It vvas impoffible to afcertain the exafl lofs fuflained by the enemy, but it muft have been heavy, as in the courfe of fo long an aiftion they were often ex- pofcd in crowds to the fire of grape fiiot, and vollies of mufquetry. Several men of diftinftion were killed, and fome wounded Officers have been Viile Encio- made prifoners. I have the honor to inclofe the information of Mozan Khan, furf, N?2. Bhufkfhy, and the Commander of a Kutcherry, the prifoner of the greateft rank who has fallen wounded into our hands; but concurring reports ftate, that Meer Ghofar is amongft the flain. 13. As the arrival of General Harris at Seringapatam, will not happen at fo early a period as he firfl intended, the immediate poflefTion of the Pofl of Seedafere was no longer an objedl of fuch confequence, and to retain it while Tippoo con- tinued in force at Periapatam became an affair of ferious difficulty. The fecrecy and expedition with which he had planned his late enterprize, and the correfl intelli- gence that the Leaders of his Columns appeared to have obtained of the private routs through the Coorga Jungles, led to an opinion that he would not remain fatis- fied with this abortive attempt, but might endeavour to penetrate by another direc- tion to the fouthward, ftill more open than the paffjge of Seedafere, where he would only be oppofed by Ceorgs. This confideration derived a greater weight, as if he fucceeded in forcing this entrance it would throw him into our rear, and put him in all probability in polTcffion of the great depot of rice coUcfted by the Coorga Rajah. Thefe motives have induced me to relinquifli the poft of Seedafere, and to colleft the whole of my force at this place. I have accordingly made a difpofition, either to defend my pofition againft the Sultaun, if he fliould again venture to attack it, or to move in defence of any part of the Coorga Rajah's Ter- ritories that the enemy may threaten, provided it fhall endanger our magazine of J piovifions; C 79 1 provifions; otherwife I fiiall remain on the defcnfive, until I receive advice from General Harris. 14. Since the aftion of the 6ch, the enemy have continued in their caoip at Pcriapatam, nor have I any intelligence either of the Sultaun's defigns, or of the motives that induced him to undertake his prcfent enterprise. It is not likely thac he will remain longer in this neighbourhood than after he receives intelligence of General Harris having entered the Myfore. As my communication with General Harris is become infccure, I muft take the liberty of requefting your Lordfliip to inform him of fuch part of thefe particulars as may appear to you neceffary. I have the honor to fubfcribe myfclf, mofl refpedfully. My Lord, Your Lordlhip's mofl: obedient humble fervant, Head Quarters, (Signed) J. Stuart. Seedapore, 8th March, 1799. P. S. By fome prifoners who have been juft now brought in by the Coorga Rajah's people, I am informed that the lofs of the enemy was very great, and that many men of the firft diftinftion fell. They mention Seyed or Meer Ghofar, and the Benky Nabob, who led the center attack, among the killed. It is added, however, that the Sultaun is collecting more forccs,and is determined to make a fecond attack. (Signed) J. Stuart. o 00 G (L) ON On ■wJ (J .5 •£ bD c PS -a 1> CO 3 § <: H ►J O o a. ON CO 1) O rt tn « C J2 erf & H e4 '-N S 7^ o n Q Z 3 7»"li /'«»-'£) '!"«[ voO '+J0 ON ■+ P- O •suv3({o.aiT[ ■sitjj fijuv^ !!i^M iuvido.itf^ •ijnv^mj _ -'I'd fi W°K a •s.mvp]9a.vj^ 'jmopimius^ •jinvpqoejnf^ •uStfu^ •StUOU}jn3!'J •s^ativp^ H ■siiv} ciiT3 ^_ < C c ^ S - E'-2-^"rt- ^ K ? .m"^ *j *-■ *-' - 3 CO CO o „ r-« o D- . S "t^ w J c-l l-« c/i w ^ <^ .= :^ 1^ rt o .So. H (N? 2.) Information of Mozan Kuan Bukshy. Endofiuc u N?X11. The wounded prifoner ftates, i!iat his name is Mo«an Khar., and that he is Bukfhy of the Miidgid or 5th Cutcheriy, confifting of about 2,000 men. That on the day of the sdtion, the Column witTi which I e attacked was co:r.- pofed of three Cutcherrics, the Fwcfah adan Khan Bukfhy, (he Suddoor Ghooiam Aly Suddoor Bukfhy, and Mudjid. That Kecr Keeran Meer Halleii. led the firft Divifion, end that Baber Jung commanded the whole Coluivn, which might amount to about 5,500 men ; thut the Mudjid Cutcherry, of rvhich he is Bukfhy, oc- cupied the center, and emerged into the road where our two fix pounders were left, and attributes tlie failure of the enterprize to the premarufenefs of ths attack in front. That Khana Jahan and Ruzza Sahel, the fame who commanded at Gha- zinoor, led the attack in front with 3 or 4,000 men. That he left Pultan with Tippoo's army three days before that of the attack ; he varies with regard to the force now with Tippoo, from forty to twenty Culh- oons, and twenty to twenty-five thoufand men, and two Cutchcrries of horfe, of about feven or eight hundred each. That there are nine guns attached to each Cutcherry of foot, and that they are now at Periapatam. That Keerfiaheb commanded the column which took the center of the plain attended by the Benky Nabob. That Keer Kummer Ul Deen is at prefent with the army, as well as Tippoo's three fons. That Seyed, or Keer G. Nofan, by which he was indifcriminately called, rode on the day of the action a dark coloured horfe, approaching to black, and wore a green turban. That Seind Saheb commands the troops to the caftward of Pultan, and that Lally's corps is Rationed a few Cofs on this fide of Bangalore, but that there are no Europeans prefent with the Sultaun. (Signed) A. Walker, Y Military Secretary., [ 82 ] No. XIII. Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable Lord Clive to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors ; dated Fort St. George, 17th April 1799. Gentlemen, Fort St. George, 17th April 1799. Underftanding that the Governor General tranfmits to the Court of Diredors by the prefent Dilpatch a full and detailed account of tlie war in which we are en- gaged with Tippoo Sultaun, and of the circumftances and motives which have determined his Lordfhip in the choice of the meafures which he has purfued relative thereto, I fliould remain fatisfied with what is written in the Letter of this Govern- ment, of this day's date, to the Secret Committee, did it not occur to my mind, that it may be fatisfadlory to you to know more explicitly my fentiments upon the adtual (late of our affairs refpefting the war ; and that I fhould not do juftice to the Gover- nor General, if 1 did not exprefs my fenfe of the condudl which has put us in a fuuation of fuch fair and well-grounded expedtations as that in which we are now placed. Upon my arrival here, the end of Augufl; laft, I entertained the mod ferious apprehenfion of the Sultaun's ivading the Carnaric ; which had he done, very difficult would it have been to have affembled the whole of our army, and vain would have been the hope of collefting a fufficiency of fupplies and cattle to enable us to undertake the fiege of Seringapatam this feaion, and fieifli the war in one Cam- paign. But the fortune of the Company prevented, and poffibly the complete fucccfs of the meafure of annihilating the French party, and encreafing the fubfidiary force at Hyderabad, planned with fo much wifdom by the Governor General, and executed with fo much ability by Colonel Roberts, under the diredion of the Refident, Captain Kirkpatrick, confounded the Sultaun and deterred him from bringing upon the Carnatic fo fevere a calamity. From the time I was acquainted with the views and intentions of the Governor General, it became the object of my conftant folicitude, in conjundion with the other Members of ihis Government, to promote his meafures by the mod zealous and cordial co-operation j and we had the gratification, upon his Lordfhip's arrival here, tjie end of laft year, to receive his full and entire approbation of the exertions 7 that [ 83 ] that had been made, and of the advanced ftate in which he found our preparations for war. Since that period the fame wifdom and energy which had charafterized the Governor Gevenal's Councils, has guided our exertions, and we have had the fatis- fadlion to know, that the mod formidable and beft equipped Britifh army thit ever took the field in India, combined with a refpetftabie force from the Nyzam, entered Myforc the. 5th of lait Month. Bombay has not been lefs forward in its e.vertions ; and the two vidories, obtained by General Stuart on the 6ch March, and by General Harris on the 27th, are prefages of future fuccefs, and ferve to evince how little Tippoo is able, wirliout French aid, to contend agiinit the force which is afTail- ing him. The effeftual affiftance of the Nyzam, the clofe connedion fubfifting between that Prince and the Company, and the powerful (late of our armies, encourage us to expedt a fpeedy and glorious termination to the conteft. The irre- concileable hatred of the Sultaun, and the uncertain (late of the French in Egypt of whom we have no accounts to be depended upon fince Auguft laft, when Buona- parte was (lill at the head of 17 or 18,000 men, authorize and point out the necefTity of continuing the war till we can obtain complete fecu rity, and ellablifti the foundations of a durable and undillurbed peace. The expences of preparation have, from their extent, been unavoidably great ; but as we have reafon to expecl that, if the war is not entirely fini(hed in one Cam- paign, the weight of it will, I truft, upon the whole, prove an economical one ; and that the acquifitions we may gain, and the fecurity we (hall derive from them, will amply repay the expences we (hall have incurred. Concurring as I do in the views of the Governor General, bearing teftimony to the wifdom and decifion of his councils, and fenfible of the advantages which muffc ever relult from the pcrl'on who has the controul of the Company's affairs, and the means of drawing forth the relburces of the three Prcfidencies being as near the fcene of ad:ion as poffible in a cnntefl: like the prefent, I defire to a(rure you of my con- tinuing to give my utmoft fupport and moll cordial co-operation to meafures which bid fair to reflect fo much honor upon Lord Mornington's Adminiflration, and to fecure the mod (blid advantages to the Company and the Britilb Empire. In the'fe fentiments I am moil heartily joined by the other Members of this Government. I have the honor to be, with the higheft confideration and refpedt. Gentlemen, Your obliged and moft faithful fervant, (Signed) Clive. ' t S4 ] No. XIV. Copy of a Lrttkji from the Right Honorable the Governor General in Council., *a the Politic^,! Department, to the Court of Directors ; dated Fort St. George, nth of May 1799. To the Honorable the Court of Direftors for AfFiirs of the Honorable United Conipany of Merchants of England, trading to the Eaft Indies. Honorable Sirs, 1. It is with the utmoft fatisfaiftion that we have the honor to forward to your Honorable Court the enclofed copy of a Difpatch received this day from Lieutenant General Harris, announcing the important events of the fall of the City ofSeringa- patam,the death of Tippoo Sultaun, and the capture of two of his Sons, and of many of his principal Officers, on the 4th May. 2. Your Honorable Court may be affured, that the mod affiduous endeavours of the Governor General in Council will be employed to derive from thefe events the inellimable advantages which chey promife to the general profperity of your affairs in India. 3. We have not yet received the details of the aftion of the 4th of May, but we deemed it to be our duty to tranfmit to )'ou, without the delay of a moment, the intelligence contained in this Difpatch. We fliall take an early opportunity of for- warding, by an overland and fea conveyance, fuch further details as we fliall receive from Lieutenant General Harris, together with full information of the proceedings of the Governor General in Coiincil, in confequence of the glorious fuccefs of the Britifh Arms in Myfore. We have the honor to be, with the greateft refpedt. Honorable Sirs, Your faithful humble fervants, Fort St. George, Mornington, nth May 1799. Clive, W. Petrie, E. W. Fallofield. [ 85 3 Copy of a Letter from the Commander in Chief to the Right Endofurem Honorable the Governor General; dated Seringapatam, the 4th of May, 1799. My Lord, I have the pleafure to inform you, that this day at one o'clock a dlvifion of the army under my command affaulted Seringapatam ; and that at half paft two o'clock the place was entirely in our poffcffion. Tippoo Sultaun fell in the affault. Two of his fons, the Sultaun Paudlhaw, and Moyen ud Dicn, are prifoners, with many of the principal Sirdars. Our lofs is trifling : our fuccefs has been complete. I will fend to your Lordfhlp detail hereafter. Seringapatam, (SiS':^d) George Harris. the 4th May, 1799. (A tiue Copy) J. Webbe, Secretary to Government. N? XV. Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor Generat. in Council, in the Political Department, to the Court of Directors; dated Fort St. George, the i6th May, 1^99. To the Honorable the Court of Direftors for Affairs of the Honorable United Company of Merchants of England, ^trading to the Eaft-Indies. Honorable Sirs, 1. On the iithinfiant, we had the honor of forwarding to your Honorable Court the copy of a fliort Difpatch from Lieutenant General Harris, announcing the event of the fall of Seringapatam, and the death of Tippoo Sultaun. 2. Having fince received from Lieutenant General Harris the details relative Vide Endo- fure N? I. to that memorable conqueft, we enclofe, for your information, a copy of the Com- mander in Chief's Letter to the Right Honorable the Governor General; of which Z we [ 86 ] we have thought it advifeable to omit a paffige containing matter on which an im- portant political arrangement adtually depends, and we have, therefore, no doubt that it will be more fatisfadlory to your Honorable Court, that this lubjecl fliould, for the prefentj be communicated only to the Secret Committee. 3. Having already congratulated your Honorable Court upon the important event of the capture of Seringapatam, and having affured you of the mod vigilant attention of the Governor General in Council to improve the advantages which may be expedled to arife from this brilliant and decifive fuccefs, it is our principal object in this addrefs, to draw the attention of your Honorable Court to the merits of that gallant army which atchieved the conqueft of the Capital of Myfore. 4. We have no doubt that your Honorable Court will view with admiration the confummate judgment with which the affiult was planned, the unequalled rapi- dity, animation, and fltill, with which it was executed, and the humanity which diftlnoiuKhed its final fuccefs. 5. The lutlre of this vidlory can be equalled only by the fubflantlal advant- ages which it promifes to eftablilh, by reftoring the peace and fafety of the Britilh Poffefllons in India on a durable foundation of genuine fecurity ; and your Hono- rable Court will affuredly concur in the fentiments of national pride, fatisfaftion, and gratitude with which we reflect, that, in this arduous crifis, the fpirit and exer- tions of the Indian army have kept pace with thofe of our countrymen at home, and that in India, as in Europe, Great-Britain has found In the malevolent defigns of her enemies, an increafing fource of her own profperity, fame, and power. 6. Under the warmefl impreflions of its difclpline, zeal, and valour, we beg leave to recommend this brave and gallant army to the favorable notice of your Honorable Court, and to the applaufc and gratitude of their King and Country. We have the honor to be, with the greateft refpedt. Honorable Sirs, Fort St. George, Your faithful humble fervants, 1 6th May, 1799. (Signed) MORNINGTON, Clive, W. Petrie, E. W. Fallofield. [ 87 ] /"NO i\ — , — Copy of a Letter from the Commander in Chief to the Enciofurein N° XV Right Honorable the Governor General ; dated Seringapatam, 7th May, 1799. Aly Lord, On the 4th inflant I had the honour to addrcfs to your Lorddiip an hafly note, containing, in few words, the fum of our fuccefs, which I have now to report more in detail. The fire of our batteries, which began to batter in breach on the 30th April, had on the evening of the 3d inftant fo much deftroyed the walls againfl which it was dire(fted, that the arrangement was then made for affaulting the place on the following day, when the breach was reported practicable ; the troops intended to be employed were ftationed in the trenches early in the morning of the 4th, that no extraordinary moveinent might lead the enemy to expedl the alTault, which I had determined to make in the heat of the day, as the time beft calculated to enfure fuccefs, as their troops would then be leaft prepared to oppofe us. Ten flank companies of Europeans, taken from thofe regiments necefiarily left to guard our camp and outpofts, followed by the 12th, 33d, 73d, and 74th regiments, and three corps of grenadier fcpoys, taken from the troops of the three Prefidencies, with 200 of His Highnefs the Nizam's Troops, formed the party for the aflault, accompanied by 100 of the Artillery, and the corps of Pioneers, and fup- ported in the trenches by the battalion companies of the Regiment de Meuron, and four battalions of Madras Sepoys. Colonel Sherbrooke, and Lieutenant Colonels Dunlop, Dalrymple, Gardiner, and Mignan, commanded the feveral flank corps ; and Major General Baird was entrufted with the direftion of this important fervice. At one o'clock the troops moved from the trenches, crofled the rocky bed of the Cavery, under an extremely heavy fire, pafled the glacis and ditch, and af- cended the breaches in the Fauffe Braye and raiiipart of the Fort, furmounting, in the moft gallant manner, every obftacle which the difficulty of the pafTugc, and the refiftance of the enemy, prefented to oppofe their progrefs. Major General Baird had divided his force for the purpofe of clearing the ramparts to the right and left. One divifion was commanded by Colonel Sherbrooke, the other by Lieutenant 1 Colonel [ 88 ] - - F-nHofure, in Colonel Dunlop : the latter was difabltd in the breach ; but both corps, although ftrongly oppofed, were completely fuccefsful. Refiftance continued to be made from the palace of Tippoo for fome time after all firing had ceafed from the works : Two of his Sons were there, who, on afllirance of fafcty, furrendered to the troops fiii rounding them; and guards were placed for tiie proteiflion of the family, mofi: of whom were in the palace. It was foon after reported that Tippoo Sultaun had fallen ; Syed Saheb, Meer Saduc, Syed Gofar, and many other of his Chiefs, were alfo llain. Meafures were immediately adopted to flop the confufion, at firft una- voidable in a city ftrongly garrifoned, crowded with inhabitants, and their property in ruins from the fire of a numerous artillery, and taken by afl'aulr. The Princes were removed to Camp. It appeared to Major General Baird fo important to afcertain the fate of the Sultaun, that he caufed immediate fearch to be made for his body, which, after much difficulty, was found late in the evening in one of the gates, under a heap of the flain, and foon after placed in the Palace. The corpfe was the next day recog- nized by the Family, and interred with the honours due to his rank in the Maufo- Icum of his Father. The ftrength of the Fort is fuch, both from its natural pofition and the ftupen- dous works by which it is furrounded, that all the exertions of the brave troops who attacked it, in whofe praife it is impoffible to fay too much, were required to place it in our hands. Of the merits of the army, I have expreffed my opinion in Orders, a copy of which I have the honour to enclofe; and I truft your Lcrdfliip will point out their fervices to the favourable notice of their King and Countr)'. I am forry to add, that on collcfting the returns of our lofs, it is found to have been much heavier than I had at firit imagined. On the 5th inftant, Abdul Khalic, the elder of the Princes, formerly hoftages uith Lord Cornwallis, furrendered himfelf at our out-pofts, demanding protedlion; Kerim Saib, the brother of Tippoo, had before fought refuge with Meer Allum Bciiauder. A Cowl Namah was yefterday difpatched to Futteh Hydcr, the eldefi: fon of Tippoo, inviting him to join his brothers j Purneah and Meer Kummer Odeen Khan, have alfo been fummoned to Seringapatam; no anfwers have yet been re- ceived, but I expedt them fliortly, as their families are in the Fort. Th IS C 89 ] This moment All Rtzn, formerly one of the Vakeels from Tinpoo Sultauri to Enclofure in Lord Cornwallis, has arrived from Meer Kummer Odeen Kiiann, to alk my orders for 4,000 horfe, now under his command j Ali Reza was commiffioncd to declare, that Meer Kummer Odeen would make no conditipns, but rely on the generofity of theEnglifh. Monfieur Chapuy and moft of the French are prifoners ; they have CommiflTions from the French Government. Seringapatam, I have the honor, &c, 7th May 1799. (Signed) George Harris. Abstract of a Return of Killed, Wounded, and Miffing, at the AfTauIt of Seringapatam on the 4th of May 1 799. Europeans Killed — Two Captains, fix Lieutenants, three Serjeants, one Drummer, fifty-eight rank and file. Ditto Wounded. — One Lieutenant Colonel, four Captains, eight Lieutenants, three Enfigns, two Conduclors, twelve Serjeants, five Drummers, and two hundred and twenty-eight rank and file. Ditto Miffing — One Serjeant, and three rank and file. Natives Killed — Thirteen rank and file. Ditto Wounded — One Jemidar, two Drummers, and thirty-one rank and file. Ditto Miffing — Two rank and file. Names of Officers Killed and Wounded on the Aflliuk. Killed. Lieutenant Mather, of the 75th, and Captain Owen, of the 77th flank com- panies; Lieutenant Lalor, of the 73d, Lieutenants Farquhar, Prendergraft, Hill, and Shawe, of the 74th ; Captain Cormick, of the piooners. Wounded. Lieutenants Turner, Broughton, and Skelton, of the 75th ; Lieutenant Colonel Dun- lop and Lieutenant Lawrence of the 77th; Lieutenant Webb, of the Bombay regiment; A a Captain [ 90 J Enclofurein Captain Lardy and Lieutenant Matthews of the Meuron regiment flank companies- Lieutenant Shawe, of the 76th, feiving with the 12th ; Captain Macleod, Lieutenant Thomas, Enfigns Autil and Guthrie of the 73d ; Captain Caldwell, of the Eno-ineers, and Captain Prefcott, of the Artillery. Enclofurein ^0^^ of GENERAL Orders ; dated Camp at Seringapatam, 5th May, The Commander in Chief congratulates the gallant army which he has the honor to command, on the conqueft of yeftcrday ; the efFefts arihng from the attainment of fuch an acquifition as far exceed the prefent limits of detail, as the unremitting zeal, labour, and unparalleled valour of the troops furpafs his power of praife: For fervices, fo incalculable in their confequcnccs, he rnufl: confider the army as well entitled to the applaufe and gratitude of their Country at large. While Lieutenant General Harris fincerely laments the lofs fuftained in the valu- able officers and men who fcrll in the attack, he cannot omit to return his thanks in ihe warmefl: terms to Major General Baird, for the decided and able manner in which he condudted the aflault, and for the humane nieafures which he fubfequently adopted for preferving order and regularity in the place. Ke requefts that Major General Baird will communicate to the officers and men who, on that great occafion, acted under his Command, the high fenfe he muft entertain of their atchievements and merits. The Commander in Chief requefts, that Colonel Gent and the corps of Engi- neers, under his orders, will accept his thanks for their unremitting exertions in conducting the duties of that very important department; and his beft acknowledge- menis are due to Major Bcatfon, for the eflential afTiftance given to this branch of the fervice by the conilant exertion of his ability and zeal. The merits of the Artillery corps arefo ftrongly exprcfled by the effecfts of their fire, that the Commander in Chief can only defire ColoneJ Smith to affure the officers and men of the excellent corps under his Command, that he feels mod fully their claim to approbation. In thus publicly cxpreffing his fenfe of then* good condufl, the Commander in Chief finds himfelf called upon to notice, in a moft particular manner, the exertion of Caprain [ 91 ] Captain Dowfe, and his corps of Pioneers, which during the prefent fervice have Endofurcln been equally marked by unremitting labour, and the ability with which that labour was applied. On referring to the progrefs of the fiege, fo many occafions have occurred for applaufe to the troops, that it is difficult to particularize individual merit ; but the gallant manner in which Lieutenant Colonel Shaw, the Honorable Colonel Wellefly, Lieutenant Colonel Moneypenny, the Honourable Lieutenant Colonel St. John, Major Mac Donald, Major Skelby, and Lieutenant Colonel Wallace, condudled the attacks on the feveral outworks and ports of the enemy, demands to be recorded ; and the very fpirited attack led by Lieutenant Colonel Campbell, of His Majefty's 74th regiment, which tended fo greatly to fecure the poficion our troops had attained in the enemy's works on the 26th ultimo, claims the ftrongeft approbation of the Commander in Chief. The important part taken by the Bombay army fince the commencement of the fiege in all the operations which led to its honorable conclufion, has been fuch as well fuftains its long eftablifhed reputation. The gallant manner in which the poft at the village of Agrar was feized by the force under Colonel Hart, the ability difplaycd in direding the fire of the batteries eftablifhed there, the vigour with which every attack of the enemy on the outpofts of that army was repulfed, and the fpirit (liewn in the aflliult of the breach by the corps led by Lieutenant Colonel Dunlop, are points of particular notice, for which the Commander in Chief requefts Lieutenant General Stuart will offer his beft thanks to the officers and troops em- ployed. Lieutenant General Harris trufis, that Lieutenant General Stuart will excufe his thus publicly expreffing his fenfe of the cordial co-operacion and affiftance received from him during the prefent fervice ; in the courfe of which he has ever found it difficult to feparate the fentiments of his public duty from the warmeft feelings of his private friendfhip. Extract from General Orders ; dated Seringapatam, 8th May 1799. Lieutenant General Harris has particular pleafure in publiffiing to the army the following Extract of a report tranfmitted to him yefterday by Major General Baird, as it places in a diftinguilhcd point of view the merit of an officer on the very im- 5 portait [ 9^ } Enclofureln portant occafion referred to, whofe general gallantr)-- and good condudl fince he has N? XV. ferved with this army, have not failed to recommend him ftrongly to the Commander in Chief. " If, where all behaved nobly, it is proper to inentioa individual merits, I " know no man fo juftly entitled to praife as Colonel Sherbrooke, to whofe exertions " I feel myfelf much indebted for the fuccefs of the attack." (True Copies) (Signed ) P. A. Ac new. Military Secretary. (A true Copy) J. Webbe, Secretary to Government. Enclofureln (N? 2.) — CoPY of E GENERAL OrDER by GOVERNMENT ; dated 15th N?xv. May, 1799. G. O. By Government. Fort St. George, 15th May, 1799. The Right Honorable the Governor General in Council, having this day received from the Commander in Chief of the Allied Army in the field, the official details of the glorious and decifive vidlory obtained at Seringapatam on the 4th May, oiTers his cordial thanks and fincere congratulations to the Commander in Chief, and to all the officers and men compofing the gallant army which atchieved the capture of the capital of Myfore on that iPjCmorable day. His Lordfhip views with admiration the confummate judgment with which the affiault was planned, the unequalled rapidity, animation, and ikill, with which it was executed, and the humanity which dirtinguiflied its final fuccefs. Under the favour of Providence and the judice of our caufe, the el^ablifhed charafter of the army had infpired an early confidence, thai the war, i:i which we were engaged, would be brought to a fpeedy, profperous, and honorable ilTue. But the events of the 4th May, while ihey have furpafled even the fanguine expeftations of the Governor General in Council, have raifed the reputation of the Britilh Arms in India to a degree of fplendor and glory unrivalled in the military hiftory r n 1 hiftory of this quarter of the globe> and feldom approached in any part of the EncWuwIa world. The luftve of this vldory can be equall^^d only by the fubdantial advantages which it promifes to eftabllfli, by reftoring the peace and fafcty oftheBritifn Pof- feflions in India on a durable foundation of genuine fecurity. The Governor General in Council reflefls v/ith pride, fatisfadlion, and gratitude, that in this arduous crifis the fpirit and exertion of our Indian Army have kept pace with thofe of our countrymen at home; and that in India, as in Europe, Great Britain has found in the malevolent defigns of her enemies, an increafing fource of her own profperity, fame, and power. (By order of the Right Honorable the Governor General in Council.) (Signed) J. Web BE, Sec. to Government. (A true Copy) J. Webbe,- Sec. to Government, N? XVI. Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors; dated 19th May, 1799. To the Secret Committee of the Honorable Court of Direftors. Honorable Sirs, 1. The accidental detention of the Sarah Chriftiana Packet, enables me to forward to your Honorable Coinmittee by this difpatch, documents of great import- ance, explanatory of the nature of the connection between Tippoo Sultaun and the French Republic. 2. Thefe Papers were found in the Palace of Seringapatam, and were tranf- mittcd officially to my military Secretary, by the Secretary of the Commiffion ap pointed to affift Lieutenant General Harris in all matters of a political nature. Bb 3. T. (a) Vide Traiiflation, Page i6i. (b) Vide Tr.inflation, Page ibi. [ 94 ] 3. The Paper, (a) N? i. is a letter from Tippoo Sultaiin to the Executive Direc- tory, and appears to be an attefted copy of that which was difpatched by M. Dubuc, with two Narive Vakeels, on the 7th of February, 1799. The Letter however is dated the 20th of July 1798, at which time the military preparations in the Carni- tic had fcarceiy cummenced. 4. Your Honorable Committee will obferve, that in this Letter Tippoo Sul- taun, in the moft diftinft manner, ftates the nature of his late embafly to the Ifle of France to have been the fame which I have defcribed in my minute of the 12th of Auguft, and in my Letter to Tippoo Sultaun of 8th November, nctwithftanding that he had endeavoured to put a different colour on the tranfaftion in his letter to me of the i8th December 1798, and received at Fort St. George 25th December. 5. It is equally remarkable, that he does not attempt to allege againft the Britifli Government any ground of complaint fince the condufion of the laft war. 6. The objed of his offenfive and defenfive alliance with France, appears to have been not merely the recovery of his former dominions, but the expulfion of the Englifh from all their rich poffcflions in India, and the utter annihilation of their power in Afia. 7. You will further obferve, that he declares it to be his intention to com- mence the attack on the firft favourable occafion, and, on the whole, that he pro- feffes to make common caufe with France, under the moft folemn proteflations. of fidelity and zeal to the Republic. 8. The Paper, (b) N? 2, is a Note of the demands which Tippoo Sultaun's An-ibafladors were authorized by him to make upon the Executive Direflory at Paris; they correfpond in fubftance with the requifitions announced in M. Malartic's Proclamation at the Mauritius. 9. In the articles 5 and 6, you will perceive that the Sultaun intended to commence his operations in the heart of the Carnatic, in concert with a French Army to be landed at Porto Novo; and that he did not propofc to wait the adtual arrival of ihe French force, but was refolvcd to make himfelf mailer of the Coaft of Coromandel as foon as he Ihould find it convenient, after having received notice of the motions of the French. 10. [ 95 J JO. In article 7, it appears that the Portuguefe Colonies in this quarter of India were to have been divided between Tippoo Sultaun and the French. All the articles of his Paper demand particular attention, as tending to prove, in the moft conclufive manner, the eniire devotion of this infatuated Prince to his alliance with France. This Paper alfo is dated on the 20th of July i 798, both Papers are figned in the Sultaun's own hand writing, according to the abbreviated form of fignature which he was accuflomed to ufe in all his Letters and other official Documents. This mode of fignature is ufual among the Natives of Hindoftan, and no doubt can be entertained of the authenticity of the Papers. II. Your Honorable Committee will obferve, that the Letter from Tippoo Sultaun to me, which was received at Fort St. George on the 13th of February, muft have been written fubfequently to the dilpatch of the Papers now enclcfed, as M. Dubuc, with the Sultaun's two native Vakeels, embarked at Tranquebar on the 7th of February. I have the honour to enclofe two other Papers, N? 3 and 4, in the French language, found alfo in the Palace of Seringapatam. I have the honour to be. Honorable Sirs, Fort St. George, Your moft obedient and faithful fervant, 19th May 1799. . MORNINGTON. reirt (N? I.)— Copy of a Letter (French) from Tippoo Sui.taun to the Enciofu French Directory; dated 26th July, 1798. k?xvi. Vide Tranflation, Page 161. (N? z.) — Articles of Agreement (French) propofed hy Tippoo Sul- ^^^.i^c.^p ; TAUN to the French Directory, Nfxv'i. Vide Tru find this alliance wordiy (and I have no doubt of it) he will iuffer you to make him the propofirion, and the two Prmces will eafily underfland each other. If my wifhes are fatisfied in this refpeft, my joy will be at its height ; becaufe you v/iU be reputed our Ally, in becoming that of a Prince, who has been united with ^ France [ 97 ] France a long time. I pray Heaven, that your days may glide long and happy, and tliat it will preferve thofe of your King. This is the fincere wifh of your fervant and friend, Ifle de France, (Signed) Mal Descomeerc. 15 Ventofe, an. 6. 5th March 1798. (N? 4.)— —Copy of a Letter (French) from M. Dubuc to Tippoo Encbfure , , in N? XVI. SuLTAUN ; dated 16th December, O, S. 1798. Vide Tranflation, Page 165. N? XVII. Extract of a Letter from Lord Mornington to the Chairman of the Court of Directors ; dated Fort St. George, 19th May 1799. [Private.] Sir, Fort St. George iQih May 1799. The Sarah Chriftiana having been detained for a few hours, I am enabled to acknowledge the receipt of the Difpatches of the Secret Committee, under date 24th of December. The intelligence which I have received this day from Seringapatam, induces me to believe that I fhall be able to effect a fettlement of the country without quitting this Prefidency. My Brother and Lieutenant Colonel Kirkpatrick, are far advanced on their way towards Myfore, and I Ihall wait for their report before I move from hence. I requeft you to apprize the Court of Direftors of the probability of my ■ being able to raife the Inveftment nearly to the ftandard originally propofed. The advices from Egypt are by no means fatisfaftcry ; it appears, that the French had gained fome confiderable advantages in Syria, and had taken the town of Joppa; it alfo appears, that they had fortified Suez, and had begun to collcdt C c craft [ 9S ] craft at the head of the Arabian Gulph. The Centurion and Albatrofsj and two of the Company's cruizers, were gone up the Red Sea for the purpofe of deflroying the craft coUedled, and of preventing the coUeftion of more. The Princeis Charlotte Indiaman, armed, together with the Fox frigate, were probably off the Streights of Babelmandel, having quitted Bombay with that deftination fome time before. The lad intelligence of Commodore Blankett, was of the month of January, when he was contending with adverfe winds off the Coaft of Africa, a very few degrees to the Northward of the Line. Admiral Rainier was at Cananore on the 8th of May; it is a fatisfadlory circumftance to refleft, that if the French fhould be able, by any accident, to pufh a force to India by fea, after Admiral Rainier (hall have quitted his flation, they will find no friend to fupport them ; their arrival, under our prefent circumflances, would, I am perfuaded, only ferve to add another triumph to the Britifh Arms in India. I have the honor to be, Sir, With the greatefV refpeft. Your moft obedient and faithful fervant, (Signed) MORNINGTON. To ths Chairman of the Court of Direftors. N? XVIII. Copy of a Letter from Lieutenant General George Harris to the Chairman of the Court of Directors ; dated Seringapatam, 6th May 1799. The Chairman of the Honorable Court of Direftors of the United Eafl-India Company, &c. &c. &c. Sir, I have the honor of congratulating you and the Honorable Court, on the prof- perous ilTue of the expedition committed to my charge by the Right Honorable the Earl of Mornington. S Seringapatam [ 99 J Seringapatam was carried by ftorm at mid-day of the 4th indant ; Tippoo Sui- taun killed, with many of his principal Officers, and thoufands cf his adherents ; and his family, with the families of his chief Sirdars, in our poirefllon. My attention is now direfted to fecure my pofition, and maintain our advan- tatres, until I can receive further inftrudlions from the Right Honorable the Governor General. I have the honor to be, Sir, With refpea. Head Quarters, Seringapatam, Your very obedient humble fervant, 6th May 1799. Geo. Harris, Lieut. General and Commander in Chief of His Majefly' i and the Hon. CompaKy'i Forces on the Coafis of Coromandcl and Malabar, N? XIX. Copy of a Letter from John Spencer, Efq. to the Court of Directors ; dated Calicut, 21ft May 1799. To the Honorable the Court of Diredtors for all Affairs of the Honorable United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indies. Honorable Sirs, Par. t. Admiral Rainier having been pleafed to order His Majefty's Frigate the Carysfort, on her voyage to England, to touch at this plaoc, for fuch intelligence as might be attainable here, of a nature fufficiently interefting to be worthy of your notice, I avail myfelf of the opportunity to addrefs you, while my anxiety to avoid the detention of the Carysfort, particularly at this late period of the feafon, will ne- cefTarily oblige me to be very concife. 2. General Harris's difpatches will advife you of his glorious and important fuccefs at Seringapatam, on which I have the honor to prefent you with my moft cordial congratulations. , 3. On [ 100 3 3- On the nth inflant, Kummeer Odien Khan, one of the principal Officers of the late Tippoo Sultaun, came in to General Harris with 4,000 horfej and on the 1 2th, Purnea, a Bramin, one of Tippoo's Civil Officers, alfo canne in; Futteh Hyder, Tippoo's eldeft fon, illegitimate, was expefted to come in on the 13th; and a falute, which was heard by the Bombay Army on that day at Seringapatam, was fuppofed to announce that event. 4. The Bombay Army, under General Stuart, left Seringapatam for the Malabar Coaft, on the 1 5th inftant, and there is every reafon to expedt, that the whole will reach Cananore by the 25th ; they have had the advantage of very fine dry weather, not- withftanding the advanced period of the feafon. I underftand thai the whole of General Stuart's army, including the two Native Corps lately forming a part of Colonel Little's Detachment, will be cantoned for the prefent at or near Cananore and Tellicherry. 5. The intelligence of our fuccefs at Seringapatam of the 4th infiant, reached she Right Honorable the Governor General, at Madras, on the nth. 6. I have the fatisfaftion to acquaint your Honorable Court, that during the late hoflilities between the Honorable Company and Tippoo Sultaun, the tranquillity of the Province, and the realization of the revenues, have remained uninterrupted, and there is great reafon to conclude, that the general (late of the Province will be very much ameliorated by the very fuccefsful termination of the war. •J. It Is expefted that part of General Stuart's army will fhortly march into and take poffeffion of the country of the late Tippoo Sultaun, which lies on the Malabar Coaft, between Kabye, our late northern frontier, and Goa. I have the honor to be. Honorable Sirs, Moft refpeftfully, Calicut, Your moft obedient and moft humble fervant^ cill May 1799 J.Spencer, Freft^ent of the CommiJJioii for executing the Office of Supravifor and Chief Ji/ilgc and Magijirate in Malabar. * J* The preceding Pitpers, h-o. I. to XIX. with tlieir fever al EndofureSy have been laid before bo.h Houses oj Parliament, and printed hy their Orders, N? XX. C lot 3 N? XX. •Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General to the Court of Directors; dated nth May, 1799. To the Honorable the Court of Direftors for the Affairs of the United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indies. Honorable Sirs, No particular comment is required from me, to illuftrate the numerous advan- tages which cannot fail to flow from the brilliant and deeifive achievement an- nounced to your Honorable Court, in the Difpatch of the Governor General in Council. of this date; but I cannot refrain from offerring to you my feparate and niofl; cordial congratulations on an event, the glory of which has never been fur- paflTed (if it has ever been equalled) in the hiftory of the military tranfatflions of the Britifh Nation in India. I have the honor to enclofe, for the information of your Honorable Court, ^ copy (N? I.) of a letter addrcfled to me by Major Beatfon, one of my Aides de /^f^, jljo*^ Camp, whofe extraordinary abilities and excellent character originally recommended him to my notice. He was principally entrufled with the arduous charge of plan- ning and conducing the approaches and attack of the army at Seringapatam. From his letter it appears, that the fall of Seringapatam, under all the circumftances which accompanied that event, has placed the whole Kingdom of Myfore, with all its refources, at the difpofal of your Government ; and that the only Power in India, to which the French could look for affiftance, or which could be deemed formida- ble to your intcrefts, is now deprived of all vigour, if nor entirely extind:. When your Honorable Court recolleds, that thefe advantages have been acquired within four months from the date of my arrival at this Ptefidency, and within two from the period of the army's entrance into Myfore, 1 trufl: you will be of opinion, that your krvants have not been deficient in alacrity or diligence. When Lieutenant General Harris took the field, I thought it my duty to inveft him with the moft efficient and extenhvc powers, which it was pofTible for me to delegate ; and he has carried with him, to the gates of Seringapatam, the full vigour and energy of your Supreme Government. To the judicious exercife of this ample authority, combined witli the liberal fupplies which had been provided for the army, may be afcribcd, in a great meafure, the unparalleled rapidity and promptitude of its operations. I have the further fatisfaiSbion to add, that the parti- cular detail of thofe operations, which 1 (hall hereafter lubmit to your Honorable Court, will furnilh ,the moft brilliant examples of judgment, fkill, difcipline, firm- nefs, and valour, under many arduous trials, of all thole diftinguilhed qualities. Dd The [ 102 ] The dreadful fate of Tippoo Sultaun cannot be contemplated without emotions of pain and regret : but I truft ic will ferve as a falutary leflbn to the Native Princes of India, and will prove the danger of violating public engagements, and inviting foreign invafion, for the profecution of fchemes of ambition and hatred againft the Britifh Povifer. He was interred within his own capital, on the day fol- lowing its capture, in the Maufoleum of his Father, with the honors of war paid to his remains by the Britifh army. 1 am perfuaded that your Honorable Court will derive peculiar fatisfadtion from the intelligence that his family and Palace fuffered no infult or violence, during the heat of the aflault, and have fiiice been protcfted with the utmoft care. Previous to General Harris's departure from the Carnatic, I appointed a Com- miflion to affift him in all matters relating to political negotiation, and I furnilhed him with inftruflions applicable to every contingency which I could then forefee. The condudl of the Commiffioners under General Harris's orders has hitherto been completely fatisfadlory to me ; but the prefent crifis appearing to demand my own immediate diredlion, it is my intention to proceed, without delay, to Ryakottah, and from thence, eventually, to Seringapatam, for the purpofe of adjulting the affairs of the Kingdom of Myfore, on fuch a foundation as fhall permanently eftablilh the tranquillity of your poflrefTions in this quarter of India. As ic will require fome days to make the neceffary preparations for my journey, 1 have difpatched my Private Secretary Mr. Henry Wellefley, and my Military Secretary Lieutenant Colonel Kirkpatrick, direftly to Seringapatam, with fuch orders as appear immediately re- quifite for the guidance of Lieutenant General Harris. In the mean while, the enclofed extrafl (N? 2.) of a letter from Captain Macauley to my Military Secretary will fatisfy your Honorable Court, that Lieutenant General Harris has proceeded with the fame difpatch and judgment, in fecuring the advantages of his prefent fituation, which he manifefted in obtaining it. I have the honor to be. Honorable Sirs, With the greateft refpe N? 2. the Cavalry of the Enemy, under the command of Kummeer-o-dien Khan, had at- tended them cloftly, during their march from Periapatam, but without having been ^ble to make the flighted impreffion upon them. 4. The army under Lieutenant General Stuart refled on the 15th, and on vide N? 3 the morning of the 16th croHing the Cavery, took up a pofition extending from near & 4- its northern bank towards the Eedgah, while General Floyd, with the left wing and Cavalry, moved to the Dflavva Eery (a tank beyond Myfore) to cover a party fent out the preceding night to collect cattle and fheep, and to examine the new fort of Mylore. Theparty returned with confiderable fuccefs, the evening of the 16th ; and on the 17th, General Floyd's divifion encamped near the army. 5. The enemy appearing to have occupied a village on the north fide of the Y"'* ^J^^'^' liver, which was on the line of enfilade of the S. W. fide of the Fort, and employ- """^V ' *■ ing a great number of men in levelling a height intended to be ufcd as cover to one of our batteries, General Stuart was diredled to attack it, on the aiternoon of the 17th, from his divifioti, which was on this occafion reinforced by His Majefly's 74th regiment and a Native Battalion from the main artny, while his attack was afiifted by the fire of cannon from the polls in advance. In a very fhort time, the enemy was driven from the poft, within 900 yards of the weftern angle of the Fort. A favourable opportunity prefented itfclf, at the fame time, for advancing cur pofts on the fouthern fide of the river, in connexion with General Stuart's attack, a Mullah, deftined to form a firfl parallel, was feized, after fome conteft, by the troops on duty. 6. In the night of the 17th, a battery of fix guns was ere fled at the pofl fure, Nf c.' Seized by General Stuart, and fix cighteen-pounders were placed in it on the night of the 1 8th. This battery opened on the morning of the 19th, and fcoured the enemy's intrenchments in front of our intended attack. 7. On the fame morning General Floyd marched with the Cavalry, a brigade of Native Infantry, and the Nizam's Horie, to meet Colonel Read near Cavery- poram. S. Lieutenant Colonel Read had advanced in the mean time to Caveryporam, which furrendered to him without refiftance on the 22d April. There he collfcfled his Benjaries, and other fupplies for the army, and leaving them under the protec- tion of the p'ort of Caveryporam, proceeded with his detachment to clear the pafs, which proved a moft arduous fervice; for although he marched from Caveryporam on the 23d, he did not reach Maratelly, or the head of the pafs, until the 27th of April, and with every exertion which he could make, it was the 6th May before the E e fupplies [ io6 ] Vide Enclo- fupplies got through the pafs; and even then a large proportion of the Benjaries, hue, N? e. and feveral carts, were ftill behind. In the meanwhile. General Floyd's detachment had reached Cowdehully, a llution within a few miles of Maratelly. He had been clofely followed on his march from Seringapatam, by the enemy's Cavalry, headed by Kummeero-dien Khan, who however had not oppofed any ferious refiftance to his progrefs. On the 6th of May, the united detachments of General Floyd and Colonel Read were reinforced by the fouthern divifioii of the army, under the com- mand of Lieutenant Colonel Brown, and on the ych the whole, with their convoy, moved forward from Hannoor towards Seringapatam. General Flovd expeded to be haraffed by the enemy's Cavalry in his return to the army ; but in the mean- while events had taken place at Seringapatam, which removed this, and every other obftacle of an hoftile nature. Vide Enclo- 9' ^" ^^^ evening of the 20th of April, the moft advanced of the enemies fHre,N?5. intrenchments in front of the intended attack, was carried by our troops, and a parallel eftablifhed on the fpot. On the night of the 21 ft, a battery for fix guns was erecled, near the ruins of the powder-mill; and as a violent attack was made before day on the 22d, on all General Stuart's pofls ; four guns and two howitzers opened from this battery on the fort the fame morning, with confiderable effect in deftroying its defences and reducing its fire. T"^^ x^o*^'"' '°' ^" ^^^ night of the coth, General Harris received a letter from Tippoo ure> • $• Sultaun, expreflive of a defire to open a negotiation for peace. To this overture the General anfwered, at noon, on the 22d (after confulcing Meer Allum and the Commiffioners appointed by me to afTift in matters of political arrangement"^ by tranlmitting a draft of preliminaries, founded on inftruftlons with which I had fur- nifhcd Lieutenant General Harris, but fo modified, with refped: to the fecurity to be required, as the change of circumftances, fince the date of thofe inftruclions, appeared to demand. The terms propofed to the Sultaun are detailed in the enclo- VideN?7.(b) fure, N? 7. b. In lieu of forts, whicli it was now too late in the feafon to receive, VideN?7. (a) additional hoftage-s were required; namely, four Sons of the Sultaun, and four of his principal Officers, to be ieJectcd by General Harris. Thefe, with the treafure ftipulated in the draft of preliminaries, were to be fent, in forty-eight hours, to Camp, otherwife the General reicrved to himfelf the power of extending his demand, even to the pofleilion of Seringapatam. It is here proper to obferve, that the ftock of rice, at this time remaining in Camp, was only fufficient to fubfift the fighting men of the army, at half-allowance, till the fifth of May. An immenfe depot had, indeed, been foriucd in the Coorga country; but the reduced ftate of the cattle of the army rendered it wholly impradicable for the General to avail himfelf of this refource. The caufe of fo alarming and unexpeifted deficiency in the proyifions of the army, has not yet been fatisfadorily explained, and will require future invefti- gation. Every account, public and private, which had reached me previous to Vide;^N?4, Lieutenant General Harris's note of the i8th April, had taught me to calqulate upon a fupply, amply fufficient to fubfift the army for at Jeaft forty days from the 7th of April. 7 II. The C "107 3 11. The approaches to the Fort were advanced 250 yards on the night of the 24th of April, and a battery of four guns was erecflcfl on the ^jtli, to deftroy the defences of fome works which bore on our attack. This battery was opened with confiderahle cffedt on the morning of the 26th ; and in the evening of that day, the enemy's entrenchments in advance were attacked and carried, not without an r'^'^i^ifg"^''- obftinate conteft, which continued through the night. Our troops occupied thefe "''»•■ , works on the 27th, snd on that night, their lodgement was made fecure. The pof- feffion of thefe works was of great importance, as it gave us the ground on which the breaching battery was to be erected. The enemy accordingly dilputed every vide N? 10.. inch of ground, calling forth, on various cccafions, the mofl: animated exertions of our troops. 12. On the morning of the 28th, Tippoo Sultaun acknowledged the receipt of General Harris's Letter of the 2zd, and ftatcd, " that the points in queftion " (meaning the propofals contained in the draft of preliir.inarie.s, lent to him by " the General) were weightv and could not be brought to a conclufion, without " the intervention of Ambafladors, and that therefore he was about to fend to the *' General two Gentlemen, who would explain themfelves perfonally to him." To this propofivion, evidently calculated to gain time on the part of the Sultaun, the General replied, by referring to the terms which he had forwarded on the 22d, as thofe on which alone he would treat; by declining to admit any Vakeels, unlefs accompanied by the hoftages and fpecie reqaired; and by infilling on an anfwer before three o'clock on the 29th. II. On the night of the 2Sth, a breaching battery for fix guns was ereded. Vide Enclo- and opened partially on the mornina; of the qoth. This battery demolilhed, in the "''^' '■ ' "' courle of that day, part 01 the outward wall at the Avelt angle or t-ne rort, ana confiderably Ihook the mafonry of the ballion within it. Its fire continued on the ift of May, with increafed eff;etter of the 3d inftanr, General Floyd's detachment has been arranged. We have no other account of Colonel Read, and none of Colonel Brown, from any quarter: This is extremely embarraffing. The diftance of the depot, want and weaknefs of cattle, and the difficulty of fparing troops to efcort them, render our large Coorga fupplies of no immediate ufe. (Signed) Geo. Harris. Enclofureml fN? C.) — GENERAL HARRIS tO the GOVERNOR GENERAL ; dated thc N? XXr. ' ^ ^ ^ J A -I 22d April, 1799. My Lord, On the 18th inftant, I had the honour to addrefs to your Lordfhip a report of the proceedings of the army to that date, which was given in charge to General Floyd, who on the 19th marched with the Cavalry, a brigade of Native Infantry, and the Nizam's Horfe, to meet Colonel Read near Caveryporam, and affift in cfcorting the Benjarries to Camp. That morning, a battery was opened on the north fide of the Canvery, to enfilade the Enemy's intrenchments in front of our in- tended attack. The 2orh, in the even'ng, the moft advanced of thele was carried by our troops, and a parallel eftablillied on the fpor. On that night, the Letter, of which a translation is annexed, was received from Tippoo Sultaun. On the night of the 21ft, a battery for fix guns was eredted, near the ruins oi the powder-mill; and as a violent attack was made before day of the 22d, on all General Stuart's pods, four guns and two howirzers opened from this battery on the Fort this morning, with confiderable efteif, in deftroying its defences and reducing its fire. Yefterday, after confulting the Commifiloners appointed to afliH: me in fubjedis of a political arrangement, and with Meer Allum Behauder, I determined, in reply to the Sultaun, to iranfmit a draft of preliminaries, founded on your LordQiip's paper, 5, with fuch alterations, as the change of circum fiances fecmed to require in the lecurity cxaded. Additional hoftages in lieu of Forts, which now we have no time to receive. I have required, as hoftages, four Sons of the Sultaun, and four of 5 his I ,113 ] his principal Officers, to be Teledted by me. Thefe, with the treafiire, to be fentia Encloforeia forty-eight hours to Camp; or I referve to myfelf the power ofi extending the de- N? XXL mand even to the pofleffion of Serlngapatam. The Letter was lent this day at noon. A duplicate of your Lordfliip's Letter of the 29th ultimo has been received from the Ccorga Country. The particular accounts you require cannot now be fenr. We want only provifions and cattle at prefent: money will be neceflary next month. Of rice we have coUeded, by various modeSj enough to fubfift our fighting men to the middle of May. Camp before Serlngapatam, (Signed) Geo. Harris. 22d April, 1799. Translation of a Letter from Tippoo Sultaitn to Lieutenant General Harris," bearing no Date, but received in Camp before Seringapatam, on the Evening of the 20th April, 1799. ' . ,-. In the letter of Lord Mornington it is written, that the clearing up of matters at iffue is proper, and that therefore you having been empowered for the purpofc, will appoint fuch perfons as you judge proper for conduding a conference, and re- newing the bufinefs of a treaty. You are the well-wilher of both Circars. In this matter, what is your pleafure? Inform me, that a conference may take place. (A true Tranflation.) (Signed) B. Close; The above is duplicate of a Letter fent, but loft, on zad inflant. Camp, 24th April, 1799. (N? 6.) — Major General Floyd to the Governor General, dated Endofure in /-..I- A '1 N? XXI. 26th April, 1799. Earl of Mornington. Camp at Codehutty, eight or t;n miles from the. Head of the Caveriporam Pafs at Marathally, April 26, 1799. My Lord, I had the honour of rvriting to you two days ago. Having this day received advices from Colonel Read, dated 23d inftant, from Caveriporam, I have taken mea- G g fures > C XI4 ] Enclofurein fures to fecure the head of the pafs to-morrow morning. His Hlrcarrah relates N2 XXL however, that he left Colonel Read this morning, and expefts he may be at Mara- thally to-morrow ; if fo, my advanced battalion will meet him. Deeming this a fafe conveyance, I now forward General Harris's difpatchrs, which will, duubclefs, Gonvey the lateft accounts from before Seringapatam. Since I left General Harris on the 19th, nothing but rumours have reached me. It is faid, that Tippoo made an heavy attack on General Stuart's pofts, but was beat off with great flaughter; and that we had immediately poffefled fome advanced and important pofts. Whea I left General Harris,, all were fanguine that we (hould be mafters of Seringapatam. by May-d^y. ' I find Colonel Brown was not expefted at Caveriporum before the end of the- month. Colonel Read had advanced without his fupplies to open the pafs. 1 have written, to Colonel Read;: and intend to return to Seringapatam, with fuch propor-- tion of fupplies as my troops may be able to cover, and with the leaft poffible delay. I propofe offering your Lordfhip a few details by another opportunity. Conftant movement, and being out all day, made it necefTary to halt to-morrow ; but on the 28th it is my intention, to follow my advanced battalion to JVIarathally. The Enemy's horfe attend us, but fo artfully, that I am not mafter of their number. A Pandary Sirdar we took, makes their number very confiderable, but I have never feen on this trip above a couple of thoufand. There were, however,, duft, and indications of fomething ftill behind. I have the honor to be. My Lord, Tour moft obedient and mofl humble-fervant, J. Flotp, M G. Bnciofurem (N? J. a.) Draft (B.) of PRELIMINARIES, as fent to General Harris, ^°^^^" by the Governor General. B. Drj^ft of Preliminary Articles for the EftablilBment of the ancient Friend- fhip, and for the Adjuftmervt of exifting Differences between the Honorable English Company, the Nawab Asoph Jah, Row Pundit Pitrdam, and TiPPoo Sultaun; fettled by Lif'utenant General George Harris, &c. &c. &c. in virtue of Powers delegated to him by the R'ght Honorable the Earl of Mornr ington^ L 115 ] mgton, K. p., Governor General ; by Meer Allum Bahadur, on the Part of the ^^I'^Jxu'* Nawab Afoph Jah ; by , on the Part of the Paifhwa ; and by , on the Part of Tippoo Sultaun. Article r. Tippoo Sultaun to rccetve and honorably entertain an Ambaffador from each of the Allies, as often and for as long a period of time as any of the faid Allies Ihall require; the Allies, on their part, feverally confenting to receive and entertain, in the lame manner, and on the fame terms, an Ambaflidor from Tippoo Sultaun. Article 2. Tippoo Sultaun to difmifs, without delay, from his fervice, and to remove from his dominions, not only all Frenchmen or natives of the Iflands of Mauritius and Bourbon, or of any other countries, now fubjeft to France, but alfo all Europeans, natives or fubjedts of countries now at war with Great Britain. Article 3. Tippoo Sultaun to renounce all connexion with the French Nation; and to en- gage, that none of the fubjefts of that nation fhall ever hereafter be entertained in his fervice, or be allowed to refide within his dominions. Article 4. One half of the dominions of which Tippoo Sultaun was in pofleflion beforfe the war, to be ceded to the Allies, from the countries adjacent to their prefent re- fpedlive boundaries, and agreeably to their feleftion : and it is hereby agreed and determined, with a view to the prevention of delays, that the feveral diftrifts to be ceded by Tippoo Sultaun, fhall be taken at the valuation at which they were re- fpedtively rated, in the accounts delivered in by his Vakeels, during the negotiation of the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792. Article 5. Tippoo Suhaun to relinquifli, for ever, all claims to the lately difputed dlf- tridts of Ameera and Soulea, and Erfawarafeecny, to any part of the territory pof- fefled by the R^jah of Coorga at the commencement of the war, to the whole of the Tambacherry Pafs, and generally to all places on the prefent borders of any of the Allies,, which may. at this time be in difpute. Article 6. ^Two crores of ficca rupees to be paid by Tippoo Sultaun to the Allies, agree- ably to the following particulars. ift. Ohe crore Ihall be paid immediately, in pagodas or gold mohurs, or ru- pees of full weight and ftandard, or in gold or filver bullion. 2d, The remaining crore Ihall be paid within fix months from the date of the prefent treaty. 5, AticU J. C 1^6 ] tnclofurs In ^^^'^''^ 1' N? XXI; All prifoners, in the hands of the feveral Powers, to be fairly and unequivo- cally releafed. Article 8. Until the due pe-rformance of the articles of the prefent treaty, two of the three eldeft Sons of Tippoo Sultaun fliall be delivered into the hands of Lieutenant Ge- neral Harris, as hoftages; and as a further fecurity for Tippoo's faithful execution of the fame, the fortreis (or fortreflfes) of * fhall alfo be delivered up to the Company. On the arrival of the faid Sons of Tippoo Sultaun in Camp, and on the payment of the firfl moiety of the money agreed to be paid by the 6th article, a ceffation of hoftiliiies fhall take place ; but the army of the Allies fhall not quit their pofition before Seringapa^am, until the fortrcfs (or fortreffes) of above-mentioned, fliall be actually in the pofTeflion of the Company's troops : And whereas the territory to be ceded to the Allies will contain feveral forts, it is hereby further agreed, that of the faid forts, the Allies fhall be at liberty to require (if they judge proper) to be put in adtual pofleflion of any three of them, which they may think fit to feleft, before Tippoo Sultaun fliall be entitled to require the departure of the Allied Armies from the vicinity of Seringapatam. Article 9. When an agreement, containing the articles above-written, fhall arrive, bearing the feal and fignacure of Tippoo Sultaun, counter agreements fhall be fent to Tippoo Sultaun from the Allies, and after the ceffation -of hoflilities, a definitive treaty of perpetual friendlhip Ihall be fettled and entered into by the leveral Powers. (No. 7. b.) — General Harris to Tippoo Sultaun, with Draft of Preliminaries as fent in by the General to Tippoo Sultaun. Copy of a Letter to Tippoo Sultaun from Lieutenant General Harris, dated and difpatched from Camp before Seringapatam, by Noon of the 22d April, 1799. Your Highnefs's friendly letter has been received, and its contents under- ftood. The * This blank to be filled up by the Commander in Chief; but it muft be obferved, that it is not to be filled up by the word (Seringapatam.) JV. B. The fortrcfs or fortreffes here to be fpecificd are to be exclufive of thofe within the di^'^riils to be ceded (fee the conclufion of this article.) Efpaul Droog was in contemplation in this paffage: C x'7 J The Governor General, Lord [Vrornington Bahauder, informed you, in his Letter Endofure in of the 8ch November, that the Britilh Government and the Allies, wifhing to live in N?XXI- peace with all their neighbours, entertaining no projrdts of ambition, nor any views in the lead incompatible with their refpedtive engagements, and looking to no other objedls than the permanent fccurity and tranquillity of their own dominions and fubjefls, will always be ready, as they now are, to afford you every demonftration ot thefe pacific difpofitions. The Governor General, in that Letter, exprcffed his defire of communicating to your Highnefs a plan, calculated to promote the mutual fecu- rity and welfare of all parties, and propofed to depute Major Dovcton to you for that purpofe. You rejedled the pacific advances of the Governor General, and of the Allies, and you refufcd to receive Major Doveton, until the latenefs of the feafon had compelled the Governor General to order the armies to advance ; but fince you row exprcfs a defire to know my plcafure upon the adjuftment of the bufinefs at iflue, and as I hope this requeft is made with fincerity, and from a regard to your true interefls, I have to inform you, in reply, that being vefted by the Governor General with full powers of treating and concluding a treaty, the demands contained in the enclofed draft of a Preliminary Treaty, are thofe alone on which any negotia- tion can be founded : and I have further to inform you, that unlefs thefe demands are agreed to, and your acquiefcence fignified to me, under your feal and fignature, within twenty-four hours from the moment of your receiving them, and the hoftages and fpecie delivered to me within twenty-four hours more, the Allies referve to themfelves the right of extending thefe demands for fecurity, even to the pofTeffion of the Fort of Seringapatam, till a definitive treaty can be arranged, and its ftipula- tions carried into effedt. The four Sons demanded of your Highnefs as hoftages are, Sultaun Padfliaw, Futteh Hyder, Moyer ud Deen, and Abdul Khalick. 1 be four Sirdars are, Meer Kummer ud Deen, Meer Mahomed Sadick, Syed Goffar, and Purneah. What need I fay more ? Preliminary Articles for the eftablifhment of the ancient Frienddiip, and for the Adjuftment of exifting Differences between the Honorable English Company, the Nawab Asoph Jah, Row Pundit Purdam, and Tippoo Sultaun ; fettled by Lieutenant General George Harris, &c. &c. &c. in virtue of the Powers dele- gated to him by the Right Honorable the Earl of Mornington, K. P. Governor General ; by Meer Allum Bahader, on the Part of the Nawab Afoph Jah ; by on the Part of the Pciftiwa ; and by — , on the Part of TippoocSultaun. [The words printed in Italics mark the difference between the Article? fent to H h General [ "8 ] Endofure in General Harris by the Governor General, and thofe aiftually offered to Tippoo by N? XXI. tjje General.] Jrticle I. Tippoo Sukaun to receive and honorably entertain an Ambaflador from each of the Allies, and tor as long a period of time as any of the faid Allies fhall require; the Allies, on their part, I'everally confenting to receive and entertain, in the fame manner and on the fame terms, an Ambaffador from Tippoo Sultaun. Artkk 2. Tippoo Sultaun to difmifs, without delay, from his fervice, and to remove from his dominions, not only all Frenchmen or natives of the Iflands of Mauritius and Bourbon, or of any other countries now fubjeft to France, but alio all Euro- peans, natives or fubjefts of countries now at war with Great-Britain, to which end they Jhall be fmt to the Britifi Camp, in the courfe oj forty -eight hours, zvhere (with the exception of deferters) they will be treated as prijoiiers of war, and fent, at the expenje of the Britif]} Government, by convenient opportunities, to their refpeclive countries. Article 3. Tippoo Sultaun to renounce all connexion with the French Nation ; and to engage, that none of the iubjedls of that Nation Ihali ever hereafter be entertained in his fervice, or be allowed to refide within his dominions. Article 4. One-half of the dominions of which Tippoo Sultaun was in poiTefTion before the war, to be ceded to the Allies, from the countries adjacent to their relpeftive boun- daries, and agreeably to their feleftion : and it is hereby agreed and determined, with a view to the prevention of delay, that the feveral diltrids to be ceded by Tippoo Sultaun fhall be taken at the valuation at which they were refpedlively rated, in the accounts delivered in by his Vakeels, during the negotiation of the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792. Article 5. Tippoo Sultaun to relinquiHi, for ever, all claim to the lately difputed diftrifts of Ameera and Soulea and Erfawarafeemy, to any part of the territory pofTcfled by the Rajah of Coorga at the commencement of the war, to the whole of the Tam- bacherry Pafs, and generally to all places in the prefent frontiers of any of the Allies which may at this time be in difpute. Article 6. Two crores of ficca rupees fliall be paid by Tippoo Sultaun to the Allies, agreeably to the following particulars. 2 ift. [ 119 1 id One crore fliall be paid immediaccly in pagodas or gold mohurs, or rupees, ^'l^l,'''' ""^ '" of full wci.'?;'n and ftandnrd, or in gold or filver bullion. 2d. The remaining crore fhall be paid within fix months from the date of the prefent treaty. Article 7. Al! prifoners in the hands of the feveral powers to be fairly and unequivocally releafed. Article 8. Until the due performance of the articles of this prefent treaty, four fons of Tippoo Sultaun, lo be fdeEled by Lieutenant General Harris, ihiW be delivered, as heltages, into the General's hands. And as a further fecurity for Tippoo's faithful execution of the fame, four of his /rincipal OfficerSy to be named by Lieutenant General Harris, fjall cilfo be delivered into the General's hands. On the arrival of the faid Sons and Officers in Camp, and on the payment of the firft moiety of the money agreed to be paid by the fixth article, a ceflation of the hoflilities fhall take place, bat the army of the Allies fhall not quit their pofition before Scringapatam (unlefs they deem it expedient) until the forts and diftrids, to be ceded under the fourth article, fhall adually be in polTefTion of the troops of the Mies. Article 9. The Allied Armies fliall be entitled to a free and uninterrupted communication zvith the Mah'.bar Coajl and the Carnatic, on both files of the river Cavery, unt it the Allies are put in pojeffion of the forts and difiri^s, to be ceded under the fourth article, in which event Tippoo fhall be entitled to require their departure from his tetrito^ries. Article 10. Tippoo Sultaun flmll fignify his affent or rcjeUion of the above articles within twenty- four hours after receiving them, and m tzv:nty-four hours more, the hojiages and money viuji arrive in Camp. Article 11. When an agreement, containing the articles above written, fliall arrive, bearing the feal and fignature of Tippoo Sultaun, counter-agreements fhall be fent to Tip- poo Sultaun from the Allies, and after the celTation of hoftilities, a difinitive treaty of perpetual fricndfliip fliall be fettled and entered into by the feveral Powers. (N? 8.) — General Harris to the Governor General ; dated zzd ^ , , . ^ ' Enclofure m April, 1799. N?xxi. My Lord, On the 1 8th indant, I had the honor to addrefs to your Lordfhip, a report of the proceedings of the army to that date, which was given in charge to General Floyd, [ 120 ] ^"^1,°''^''= in Floyd, who on the 19th marched with the Cavalry, a brigade of Infantry, and the N. XXI. Nizam's Horfe, to meet Colonel Read near Caveriporam, and affift in efcorting the Benjarries to Camp. That morning, a battery was opened on the north fide of the Cavery, to enfilade the enemy's entrenchments in front of our intended attack. The 20th, in the morning, the moft advanced of thefe was carried by our troops, and a parallel efiablifhed on the fpot. On that night, the Letter, of which a tranf- lation is annexed, was received from Tippoo Siiltaun. On the night ot the 21ft, a battery of fix guns was eredted near the ruins of the powder-mill-, and as a violent attack was made before day of the 22d, on all General Smart's ports, four guns and two howitzers opened from this battery on the Fort this morning, with con- fiderable effeit, in dcftroying its defences and reducing its fire. Yefterday, after confulting the Commifiloners appointed to aflifl: me in fubjeds of political arrangements, and with Meer AUum Behauder, I determined, in reply, to tranfmit a draft of Preliminaries founded on your Lordfhip's paper B, with fuch alterations as the change of circumftances feemed to require in the fecurity exaded. Additional hoftages, in lieu of Forts, which now we have no time to receive. I have required as hoftages, four Sons of the Sultaun, and four of his principal Officers, to be feleflied by me. Thofe, with the treafure to be fent in forty-eight hours to Camp; or I referve to myfelf the power of extending the demand, even to the pofltflion of Seringapatam. The letter was fent this day at noon. A duplicate of your Lordfhip's Letter of the 29th ultimo, has been received from the Coorga country. The particular accounts you receive cannot now be fent. We want only ' provifions and cattle at prefent: money will be neceflTary next month. Of rice we have colleded, by various modes, enough to fubfift our fighting men to the middle of May. Camp before Seringapatam, (Signed) Geo. Harris. 22d April, 1799. Translate of a Letter from Tippoo Sultaun to Lieutenant General Harris bearing no Date, but received in Camp before Seringapatam, on the Evening of the 20th April, 1799- In the Letter from Lord Mornington it is written, that the clearing up of matters at iflTue is proper, and that therefore you having been empowered for the purpofc, will appoint fuch perfons as you judge proper for conducing a conference, and renewing the bufinels of a treaty. You are the wcll-wifher of both the Circars. In this matter, what is your picafure? Inform me, that a conference may take place. (A true Tranflatlon) (Signed) B. Close. The above is duplicate of Letter fent, but loft, on the 22d inftant. Gamp, 24th April, 1799. C 121 ] (N? o.WGeneral Harris to the Governor General; dated 27th Endofure in April, ,799- My Lor^, On the 24th inftant I had the honor to acknowledge yonr Lordfhip's letter of the nth inftant, in a letter, duplicate of which is annexed. On the 25th, I received letters from Colonel Read, which lead me to hope he has, ere this, joined General Floyd's divifion, and that their united force is marching towards us. Our approaches to the Fort were advanced 250 yards on the night of the 24th, and a battery of four guns was eredted on the 25[h, which deftroyed the defences of fome works which bore on our attack. This opened with confiderable cffeft yefttrday morning; and in the evening, the enemy's entrenchments in advance were attacked, and carried, not without an obftinate contefl, which continued through the night. Our troops now occupy their works, and their lodgement will, I truft, this night, be made fecure. The pofieflion of thefe works is of great importance, as it gives us the ground on which the breaching battery muft be ere I fhall receive a proof of yours, I will fulfil my pro- mifes; but Citizens Reprefentatlves, I will not fulfil thefe engagements with you, until 1 fee your forces, as well naval as military, adlually arrive in India. During the lafl war (it ij with regret that I am obliged to recall to your memory the difafters which my friendfhip for the French Nation has brought upon me) I maintained, with zeal and courage, all the pretenfions of the French. The Englifh, the ambi- tious Englifh, not having fufficient confidence in their own ftrength and courage to attack me fingly, formed an alliance with the Marrattas and the Nizam, and attacked me in every quarter. At the very moment when I was on the point of conquering them, I he French army, under the command of M. de ColTigny, received an order from M. de Bufli to abandon me, though 1 had paid them well, and they were in want of nothing; but what filled me with indignation was, that thofe orders extended to M. de Lally, who commanded a body of French in my pay, to withdraw himfclf with his party : This I oppofed and on juft grounds. From that moment, my army becam.e difguf^ed. Reduced fingly to my own reiburces, and abandoned by my Al- lies, I was compelled to make peace, with the lofs of half of my dominions, and three crores and rhirty tboufand rupees in fpecie. Behold what have been my lolies Reprelentatives ! What is paft is paft : I have cited thefe truths in order to apprize you, that if 1 flioiild declare war againfl your enemies, I will not be deferred, nor Ihall you have the power of makin^j peace without my previous confent, nor without including C ^^8 3 including myfelf and my people in the treaty. For the fecurlty of our reciprocal friendfhip and good faith, it is ncceflary to IHpulate one preliminary condition. It is this -, that as my people are ignorant of the cultoms of the French Republicans, and as the Republicans are equally unacquainted with thecuftomsof my country, if one of the Citizens of either party Ihould violate the cuftoms of the other, he fliall be reprimanded immediately by his own fuperior, without any interruption of the good underftanding and harmony, which ought to fubfift between good Allies. I infert this claufe, although Citizen Ripaud has allured me, that the obfervance of the moft feveredifcipline and of refped: for the laws cxifts in the Republican army ; Mine fhall always be condudled in the fame manner. I require alfo, that the Com- manding Officer fliall always confult me on every meafure which he may undertake for the deftrudion of our common enemy, becaufe I am acquainted with the country, its cufloms, and manners. This is a refervation that he cannot confidcr as offenfive. Happy moment ! the time Is come when I can depofit in the bofom of my friends, the hatred which I bear againft thofe oppreflTors of the human race. If you will affift me, in a (hort time not an Englifhman fhall remain in India ; you have the power and the means of effedting it by your free negroes. With thefe new Citizens (much dreaded by the Englifh) joined to your troops of the line, we will purge India of thefe villains. The Iprings which I have touched have put all India in motion ; my friends are ready to fall upon the Englifli ; for every thing here rely on my difcretion. Your enemies, as I have apprized you, fhall be mine. Now you are apprized of my defigns, delay not to inform me of yours, but make no promifes which you cannot perform. I have retained Citizen Ripaud to anfwer your letters, and I will give him a falary worthy of the fituation which he holds near my perfon. I entreat you not to be oifended with him, but on the contrary to approve of what he has done, and to quiet his appre- henfions of being confidercd as a oeferter of his country and of his colours, (a lau- dable motive which interefts me for his welfare). I requeft you to authorize him to remain in his prefcnt ftation with me for the fervice of his Country, of your Colonies, and of myfelf, I detained him ; nor did he conient to remain till after much folici- tation, being extremely attached to the Ifland of Bourbc^n, to which he belongs. In cafe you fhould conient to my propofuions, it is neceffary that you fliould know the extent of my power to affift the French Republic, and its array. Jrticle I. I engage, immediately on the arrival of the French troops on the Coaft, to vidua! both the land and fea forces, (European liquors excepted) and I will furnifh all ne- cellaries, fuch as flour, rice, meat, wood, &C^. Jrticle 2. I engage alfo to make advances of money for alt-the wants of the land and fea equipments. Jrticle 3. I engage to provide all the bullocks neceffary for the Artillery of the Republican I Troops, [ 129 3 troops, as well as the bullocks, camels, and Lafcars, for carrying the baggaoe of the Officers and Soldiers. Article 4. I engage to provide palanquins for the Generals, and horfes for the Officers of the troops of the Republic. Article 5. In cafe the French Army fliould happen to be in want of gunpowder, or other ammunition, I engage to lupply it. Article 6. As foon as the French Army fliall have difembarked, I engage to march with my troops, which fliall, in the firit inftance, confift of thirty thoufand Cavalry, and thirty thoufand Infantry and Artillery, well difciplined, with arms, ammunition, and every thing necefTary for the fuccefsof our enterprize. What 1 require on the part of France is as follows : Article i. That theFrench Republic fliall not, under any pretence whatever, conclude peace, but with the confent of me and my people, nor without including us in fuch treaty. Article 2. That as the troops of the Republic will derive fuch advantages from me, the Generals in command fliall undertake notliing without firfl confulting me, to enfure the fuccefs of the common caufe, and of our refpedtive armies. Article 3. Should the French General or Republican Troops deteft traitors in my couii try, or fliould I or my troops come to the knowledge of any fuch in the French Army, the Chief of the party wherein the traitor may be found, fliall caufe him to be fcized and executed, upon authentic proofs of his guilt, without prejudice to our mutual friendfliip; fince engaged in the fame caufe, our interefl:s are the fame. Article 4. As I propofe to make the advances, and furnlfli the necefl"ary fupplies of money to the French Republic, both for the land and the fea forces, it isjuft that I fliould be reimburfed at the end of the war, from the fums of money which may be taken from our common enemy. Artick 5. Every capture made from our common enemy, as Towns, Forts, Territory, Money, Merchandize, Ships, Ammunition, &c. fliall be equally divided, at a fair valuation, fraternally, between the troops of the Republic, me, and my people. ,L 1 Article 6. C 130 3 Article 6. As 1 have fufFered greatly in fupporting the caufe of the French in the laft war, when I loft the beft part of my Country, I require that' all the towns, forts, territories, or contributions, which I may be able to feize within my former boun- daries, be exempted from the 4th Article; that they fhall become mine by right, and that the Republican Troops fliall have no pretenfions or claims thereto. I claim this adt of jultice from my brethen. Artiels 7. If the fortune of war fhall put us in pofTeffion of Goa and Bombay, the Port of Bombay, and the Territcries dependent on it, belonging to the Englifti, fhall be- long of right to the French; but Goa and its Dependencies fiiall be mine. Article 8. I demand that all male and femUe prifoners, as well Englifh as Portuguefe, which fhall be taken by the Republican Troops or by mine, Ihall be treated with humanity ; and with regard to their perfons, that they fliall ftheir property becom- ing the right of the Allies) be tranfported at our joint exnenfe, out of India, to Ibme place far diftant from the territories of the Allies. Article 9. As the towns, ports, forts, and territories flipulated in the 6th Article, are to be divided between the Allies, they (hall be garrifoned as they may fall into our hands, and the ftipulations of that Article fhall be afterwards arranged by the French General and myfelf, with a difcretion, if circumftances require it, to blow up any fort which may be deemed ufelefs. Article 10. In order to atchieve the conqueft; of the Englifh and Portuguefe PofTeffions, and thofe of (heir Allies, it is neceflary that I (hould be aflifted.with from five to ten thoufand regular troops or national guards, and from twenty-five to thirty thou- fand of your new Citizens, (if you have put the decree into execution) felcLling the moft fubtle and beft inftrufted of them; thofe in fhort who are likely todiflurb the peace of your own Colonies; I will anfvver for our quick and eafy fuccefs* Article 11. To facilitate the attack and capture of Goa, a Port efTential for your fquadron and your iranfports, it will be neceffary to| difembark at my Port of Onore, fituated in Latitude 14° 33' N. and 70° Longitude. Article 12. That I may be apprized whether you accept or rejed my propofitions, I re- queft, that after having fully confidered them, you will dilpatch a packet-bost to Mangalore, C ^3^ 3 Mangalore, to inform me of your decifion as expeditiouQy as potTible. That nothing may be wanting on the arrival of your fquadron, a French Officer will be ftatloned at Mangalore, to afford the nectirary affiftance, and to advife me of your intentions. To avoid any furprize or doubt, the fliip, during the time (he may remain at an- chor in the roads, fhall hoift American colours, with the National Flag at the main- top-mafl: head, over that of the Sultaun, which my Envoys carry for that purpofe. I am defirous, and therefore particularly requcll that Citizen Aubaigne may be ap- pointed to command this packet-boat, as he knows my harbours, and is acquainted with the cuftoms of my Country. Jrlick 13. I depute four of my Chiefs, who have proved themfelves worthy of my confi- dence, to treat in my name on the articles which I tranfmit to you ; but fhould you neither have the power of accepting them altogether, nor of carrying them into eifeft, without an order from tlie Executive Government of your mother Country, I rcqueft yoii to difpatrh three of my Chiefs in one of your beft veflels for France, and to join with them fome Citizen whom your wildom may felecfl, to guide and to advife them in France. I difpatch thefe Chiefs for this exprefs purpofe: They are charged with a packet and with orders to explain mv intentions to the Executive Power. I cannot fend my fhip thither without giving the Englilh reafon to fufpeft fome hoflile defigns on my part. If you fend u fquadron, fend with It the remiain- ing one of the four Chiefs and alio my fhip, which I requeft may be coppered, and we will arrange matters accordingly. If however you think that the fliip cannot be coppered without delaying the voyage of the convoy, you will fend the Ihip back at the proper feafon, with a Captain and two Officers, whom I will pay. Article 14. We will commence hoftilities againft the Englifh and the Portuguefej when in cafe the Nizam and the Mahrattas ftiould join them, we will make war againft them alfo, for it will then be neceflary to fubjugate them alfo, and to render them tributaries to us. Thefe, Reprcfentatives, are my intentions : do not let my attachment to your nation expofe me to the fame calamity which I formerly fuffcred. 1 entreat you to refleft well before you return an anlwer, or you may expofe me to great anguilh of heart, fince I Ihall ad: according to the tenor of your anfwer. I offer up my vows for the fuccefs of our enterprize, for the continuation of profpcrity to the Arms of the Freiich Republic, one and indivifible, and for a fpeedy anfwer. I fwear an in- violable friendfliip for your nation. (Signed) <=—■ (A true Copy.) , C. Macau LAV, Secretary. C '32 ] N? XXIV. The 2d of April, 1797, the 5th Year of the Citizen General Malartiquc, French Republic. I addrefs to you, as well as to your Reprefentatives and principal Chiefs, the affurances of my intentions, of my friendfhip, in fhort, of every fentiment of my heart towards your nation. I fend four of my Chiefs to confirm thefe afTurances verbally. I hope you will take my propofitions into confidcration, and fend me an anfwer, conformable to the defire of my heart, by the packet-boat which I have requefted you to difpatch, I expeft every thing from your zeal for your country. Citizen Ripaud has apprized me of the obligations due to your wildom which has preferved your Colonies. Send me troops, and I will divert the Englifh from the idea of attacking you. I requeft you to fend by the packet boat a perfon c^ualified to write my dif- patches in the French language. — Citizen Ripaud is not in good health, and befides is no writer. 1 expect every thing from your wifdom. — I revere you. Your Ally, (Signed) • — N? XXV. Seringapatam, the 21ft of April 1797, the Citizen Central Mengalon, 5th Year of the French Republic. Since I manifefled my friendfhip in writing to you, my meffengers have arrived •with the following intelligence, which will not be difpleafing to you. The Nizam, an Ally of the Englifh, and the Chief of the Mogols, is very ill, and his great age leaves no profpedt of his recovery. He has four children, who are difputing the right of fucceffion ; one of them, who is much attached to me, is the favorite of the Chiefs and of the people, and is expeded to fucceed. "^' Sewoy Mah'doo Row, one of the great Mahratta Chiefs, and a ftrenuous fup'- porter of the Engiifli, is dead, and by a Angular accident, in falling from the top of a palace. He had no children, and the difputed fucceffion has kindled a Civil War in that State. — Delhi is thrown into confufion, by the arrival of Zeman Shah, S my C '33 ] my friend, who has attacked the Mahrattas, and completely defeated them in that quarter. This is the aft of Providence ! — Heaven feems to revenge us on the Mahrattas. — All the Princes of India have reafon to complain of them. The Mah- rattas relied on the Englifh, who could not alTift them, being fully employed in defending ihemfelves. Whilft a Civil War exifts in the Mahratta and Nizam's dominions, the Englirti are not better fituated ; for the Nabob Mirza Amaiiis (Afoph ud Doula) Chief of Bengal, having heard of the arrival of Zeman Shah at Delhi, commenced hoftilities againft them, and with fome advantage. At Calicut they have been attacked by the Cotiote Rajah, Conjes Ram Ram, who has killed, in three fallies, looo Euro- peans and 3000 Sepoys. On the Coaft of Malabar they are attacked on every fide, and the revolt is general, owing to their vexatious Government, and to the taxes which they have impofed. On the Coaft of Coromandel, from Mafulipatam to Madras and Arcot, their tyranny has excited revolt amongft all the Princes, powerful and weak, who all aflert their rights ; and a nephew of the Nabob of Madras, who held a command under the Englifh, has lately been killed by his own Chiefs, who were become dcfperatc. I inform you of thefe events, in order to prove to you, that it is now the moment for you to invade India. With little trouble we (hall drive them out of India. Rely on my friendfhip. (Signed) P. S. General, I entreat your acceptance of a flight mark of the perfonal efleem I entertain for you; it is a weapon made in my country, and which I requeft you to accept with the fame cordiality as I offer it to you. (Signed) (A true Tranflation) G. G. Keble, French Tranjlatcr. Mm N? XXVI. ■a L 134 J N? XXVI. Seringapatam, the 21ft April, 1797, the Citizen Reprefentativcs, 5th Year of the French Republic. '•"■ Sin ire I manif^fted my friendship in writing to you, mv meffl-ngers have arrived \^'lth"the' IpllowinCT intelligence, which will not be difpleafing to you : yfl ; TheNiz-am, an Ally of the Englilli, and the Chief of the Mogols, is very ill, ■an^fl his great age 'leaves no profnect of his recovery. He has four children, who ar4' (Signed) (A true Tranflationj G. G. Keble, French Tranjlator. TSI? XXVII. The Ifle of France, the 26th January, 179S, General, the 6th Year of the Republic. The King has commanded us, for the confirmation of the alliance with the French Republic, to take a folemn Oath, under the ftandard of the two Nations, and to perform this ceremony according to your cuftoms ; therefore we addrefs this requeft to you ; your compliance will render the bonds of our friendlhip, and of the offenfive and defenfive alliance, indiflbluble. We requeft you to affemble all the Officers and men ncceflary for this ceremony, and in our prefence, to draw up a written inftrument, to be figned by all parties prefent, fealed with the feal of the French Republic, and delivered into our hands; this will weaken our Enemies and rejoice the two Aliitd Powers. This is what we wifli to make known to you, and we entreat you to believe us the moft fincerc of your fervants. . (Signed) Assen Ali Khan, Mahomed Ibraim. (A true Copy, by order of the Ambafiaddrs) (Signed) Debay, Interpreter. (A true Tranllation) ■ G. G. Keble, French 7ranJIatcr. N? xxviir. Oj [ 136 3 N? XXVIII. Copy of the ftipulations and propofals of the Prince Tippoo Stiltaun, which his Ambanadors, Affen Ali Khan, and Mahomed Ibrahim, have difpatched to Europe, from the Ifle of France, by two frigates, which failed from thence on the 5th February, 1798; for eftablifliing an offenfive and defenfive alliance with the French Republic, and for foliciting the affiftance of France, to fubdue our common enemy the Englifli, and to drive them out of India, if poffible. The Prince engages to furnifli the whole French Army with the neceflary provifions, fuch as rice, meat, ghee, &c. fpirituous liquors he cannot fupply. He will provide the French Army with carriage ior the Officers and for their baggage ; he will alfo provide all military (lores. Done at the Ifle of France, the 4th of Fe- bruary, 1798. (A true Copy) (Signed) Debay. X Seal of Ajen AU Khatty X Seal of Mahomed Ibrahim^ X Seal of Debay, Interpreter, (A true Tranflation) G. G. Keble, French Tranjlator. N? XXIX. The Representatives of the Colony of the Isle of France, to Tippoo Sultaun. Salutation and Fraternity ! Your Ambaflfadors have communicated to us your intention of forming with the Colony of the llle of France, a connexion equally advantageous to both nations. We (hall make every effort in our power to anfwcr your wifhes. We have communicated the objed of your EmbalTy to the Legiflative Body of C »37 1 of the French Government, and wc are convinced that France will enter compictdy into your views. The Governor General Malartic, will apprize you of the fteps which he has taken already, and of thofe which he has in contemplation, for promoting our mutual intereds. The produce and manufadtures of your dominions will find a market in this Colony, either for internal confumption or exportation ; and we can fupply vou, in return, with all the articles which the execution of your military projefts requires. (Signed) FouciEREAux, Preftdent, (By order of the Colonial Aflembly) Haijlnier, Secretary, (A true Tranflation) G. G. Keble, French Iranjlator. N? XXX. The Ide of France, the 21ft February, 1798, General, the 6th Year of the Republic. May health and happinefs attend you. It is known to you, that we came hither with the expeftation of finding a con- fiderable force, which we were informed was in this ifland, and with which, upon the conclufion of an alliance with our Sovereign, we expedted to have returned to him, to conquer your enemies, who are alfo ours. You know, that had we been deputed to make the levies ourfelves, we (hould have brought a fupply of money, and all that might beneceffary for that purpofe. That we might not return empty handed, as we came, you have agreed to raife Volunteers for us. The fmall force which you have offered cannot accomplifh the. defigns of our Prince; but even this inconfiderable force cannot be raifed without money: ail thofe who offer to enlifl, require money from us. We cannot enlifl: them, it is contrary to our orders ; fuch, hov/evcr, as choofe to go with u';, we will take; but on condition that their pay fhall be fixed by our Sovereign. Should this propofal appear inconvenient, we requeft you will fend Ambafladors with us to adjuft this point with our Sovereign j they will then learn on what terms the French, now N n in C »38 ] in his fervice, are entertained. Thofe who may embark afterwards, (hall be entertained on the fame terms, and for this purpofe our Prince will fend money with his Am- bafladors ; but it muft be underftood, that whether men are to be enlifted for his fervice, or whether your troops are to be fent to his afliftance, they are to be con- veyed by you. We requeft you to enable us to depart fpeedily, as our orders will not admit of our remaining long here j and by your compliance you will oblige Your moft obedient humble fervants, CSJgned) AssEN Ali Khan, Mahommed Ibrahim, (A true Copy of the Letter written by order of the AmbafTzdors, by me the Interpreter) (Signed) Debav. Seals of the Ambajfadsrs. X Seal of Debay. (A true Tranflation) G. G. Kesle, French TranJIator, ^} N? XXXI. To THE Ambassadors. Ifle of France, the 27th February, 1798, Gentlemen, 6th Year of the Republic. I am of too fincere a temper to fuffer you to remain ignorant of the great dif- fatisfaiftion which your letter of this morning has given me. Your Sultaun deputed you to folicitour aid, on fuch conditions as we might deem juft, and not on thofe which you now prefcribe to us. The demands which I have propofed to you within thefe few days paft, were framed by General Dagincourt, who is particularly known to your Sultaun, under whofe orders he ferved when a Captain of Grenadiers, in the Battalion of the Regi- ment of the Ifle of France, which made a campaign during the laft war, under the Bahaudar and TIppoo Sultaun ; 1 therefore perlift in demanding for all the Officers 3 and i »39 ] and Volunteers, the pay and provlfioHS ftipulated in the laft ftatcment which I tran- fmitced to you. The pay which was granted ten years sgo, cannot be made a rule for the pay which ought to be given now. Thofe who at that period received 150 rupees per month, now demand 6c o. You do not chufe to take Surgeons ; you (hall not have them : but your Mafler will not be fatisfied with your conduit on this article. The Officers and Volunteers who are to accompany you, fliall not make a journey of 500 leagues to afcertain what pay Tippoo Sultaun may chufc to fix for them • I fhall order them not to difembaik until Tippoo Sultaun (hall have fatisfied them that he will allow the pay and provifions which I propofe to him. Wc have not fought you, you came to folicit our aid ; you ought therefore to feibmit to the conditions which I propofe to you ; they are juft and reafonable. Salutation and Fraternity, (Signed) Malartic, Governor General (A true Tranflation.) G. G. Kekle, French TrmjUaior. No. XXXII. The Governor General of the Ifles of France and of La Re-union,. to the Nabob Tippoo Sultaun. Ifle of France, Port North Weft, the i8th Ventofe, 6rh' Year of the French Republic, One and Indivilible, anfvvcring to the 8ch Miirch, 1^98,0. S. Citizen James Denis Pitcher, a writer attached to this Government, being de- firous of obtaining a Perwannah from your Highnefs, for the purpofe of being employed in the tadtory which you propofe toeftabliOi in this ifland ; permit me to requcft your favor towards him, and the grant of the office which he folicits. Citizen Pitcher bears the befl: reputation here; his morals are good, his integrity wnblcmifhed, and his temper tradable ; he is belides intelligent, adive, and laborious. Your [ HQ ] Your Ambaffadors, who have feen a great deal of huu, and to whom he has been of fome fervice, will confirm to you all the advantageous teftimonies which I feel much pleafure in rendering to the chara&er of Citizen Pitcher, I fliall be extremely obliged, Prince, by the attention you may be pleafed to pay to my recommendation. Salutation and Fraternity. (Signed.) Malartic. l^ (A true Tranflation.) G. G. Keble, French TranJIator. No. XXXIII. Rear Admiral Sercey, Commanding the Naval Forces of France in the Indian Seas, to the Nabob Tippoo Sultaun in his Territorries. Ide of France, the 14th Ventofe, the 6th year of the Prince Tippoo, French Republic, or the 4ch of March, 1798. Your Ambafladors, Affen AH Khan and Ibrahim Saib, have delivered to me the Letter with which you have honoured me, by which I learnt that they poflefTed your confidence, and that you dcfired that France fliould fend you troops, in order that you might declare war againft the Englifli, the opprelTors of India. I am extremely concerned, that the naval force under my command is not at prefent fufficiently con- fiderable to admit of my proceeding to India, to make fuch a diverfion as might forward your interefls ; but if I Ihould be reinforced, as I expedt, I fhall be very eager to feek our common enemies, and to afiift vou in tneir redu>;tion. Previous to the arrival of your AmbafTadors, I had addreffed the Government of my country in Europe, on the neceffity of expediting this meafure j and the day fubfequent to their arrival, I difpatched two frigates to France, with the new propofals which you offer ; it is to be regretted, that you did not fooner apprize us of your favourable difpofition. Prince Tippoo, your Ambaffadors have exerted great zeal for your fervice ; but unfortunately, we were not at liberty to divert to any other objed:, the means con- lidcd to us for the protedion of our colony : your Amballadors having, however, informed me of your wifh to have forae well-inftrudled officers to form your marine, Ijiaften to fend to you Captain Dubuc, who commands a velicl in the fervice of France, C HI ] France, and Gx other officers, whom I particularly recommend to your favour, and who, I hope, will anfweryour views, by their good conduft and their naval fkill. Your Ambaffadors having teflified an anxious wifli to return to you as fpeedily as poflible, I have given them one of my bell frigates, commanded by Captain L'Hermite, a diftinguiftied officer, whom I recommend to you. Salutation. [Signed.) Serczy, Rear Admiral. (A true Tranflation.) G. G. Keble, French 7ranJlator. N? XXXIV. Copy of a Letter from General Cossigny to the Ambassadors of the Prince Tippoo Sultaun, at the moment of their Departure. I beg leave to offer my apologies to the Ambaffadors of the Padflia: my ill health, has prevented me from paying them a vifit ; but I fhould have had nothing further to communicate to them, for the information of the Prince, than what I now propofe to write, which I defire they will tranfcribe, for the purpofe of tranlmitting it to the Padlha Tippoo Sultaun. I aflure the Padffia Tippoo Sultaun of my refpeft and devotion. I give him my word, that I faithfully tranfmitted, at the time when I received them, his pro- pofitions and his Letter to the French Government, and I am certain, that the whole is arrived in duplicate ; agreeably alfo to his recommendation, 1 obferved the grcateft fecrecy, that he might not be committed with the Engliffi, and becaufc the French Government itfelf is not in the habit of publifhing the fecrcts of its operations. The proof that the propoficions of Tippoo Sultaun have been received, is that they have remained fecret even in France. Perhaps it is not convenient for France to fend an expedition to India, as it muft depend upon the profpeft of peace, more or lefs diftant, with the Englifh ; but I aflure the Padffia, that he will have no reafon to repent of this firft itep, nor of the confidence he has repofed in me. France, I am certain, will always confider the Padfha as one of its mod faithful Allies ; His Vakeel and I have not negledted any of the means in our power, to inform the French Government of the true interefts of the Padffia ; interefts which we O confider C 142 ) confider as_ neccffarily bleruifa with thofe of the French Nation in India, I hope the time will come, when Tippoo Sultaun will be convinced that I have ferved him, on this occafion, with the fame zeal, as when I was near his perfon. Peter Mcnneron is no more : the Padfha was ignorant of his death, and perhaps IS ftill ignorant of it : He however has not written to him, nor has he written to me, V although he has fent to this place a copy of the Letters of Peter Monneron : it is therefere Tippoo who has publilhed his own fecret, and he cannot hereafter reproach us with the confequences. I do not write to the Padlha, as my health, and the gout which I have at this moment, would prevent me from doing it in the manner I could wifh, and becaufe he has not thought proper to write to me ; and I moreover candidly confefs, that I y fhculd be very forry to have my Letters returned, in the manner that Peter Mon- neron's were. AH the Letters which I have at various times written to Tippoo Sultaun, as well as thofe which he has perfonally written to me, I have conftantly forwarded to the French Government ; the Letters have always been, and will con- tinue to remain fecret, becaufe his intereft, and that of the French Nation, require it. I muft again repeat my apologies to the Ambafladors of the Padfha, if my ill health ihould prevent me from feeing them before their departure from this colony ; for I fhould have had the ftrongeft defire to become acquainted with them, and to have converfed with them, refpeding the Padflia. Their acquaintance would have been more particularly agreeable to me, as their difcretion, and the good conduft obferved by them here, during the courfe of the embafTy with which they were entrufted by the Prince, infpired me with a very great defire to know them. It will always be highly creditable to them, to have filled with diftindion and dignity, the honorable poll: which they occupied here for the inrerefls of their mafler, and to have acquired the general efteem, and the particular regard of all the Chiefs of this Ifland, by their wifdom, their prudence, and difcretion, in the miffion with which they were charged; in the execution of which they have acquitted thcmfelves with that good fenfe and dignity, becoming the Ambafladors of a great Prince, from whofe julVice they have every realbn to expett a favourable reception. 1 beg them to accept my belt wifhes for their health, and the fuccefs of their voyage. I am perfuaded, that they will ufe their influence with Tippoo Sultaun, in fup- port of the Memorial which my nephew, Lahaufle La Louviere, has addreflcd to him, as well as the requcft made by him to the Prince. — l^is Memorial appeared to iTie to comprehend objeds of great moment to the interelts of the Padftia, and it is this which determined me to recommend it. I once more requeft them to afl"ure the Prince, that I fliall always take the greatefl: intereft C H3 ) intereft in his glory, and that I am anxious that the fuccefs and name of fa great a fovereign Ihould be extended throught the Univerfe. (Signed J General Cossigny, at his Houfe, the 14th Ventofe, 6th Year, correfponding with the 5th of March 1798. (A true Tranflation.) G. G. Keble, French TranJIaior-, N? XXXV. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. OUR COUNTRY,— HONOUR,— AND LIBERTY. Magallon, General of a Divifion, to the Nabob Tippoo Saib. Head-Qiiarters Ifle of France, the 4th of March, 1798,. Prince, the 6th Year of the French Republic. I received the letter with which you honored me : ficknefs prevented me from attending the various conferences which your Anibaffadors held with the Governor General, on the fubjeft of the miffion with which you had charged them. I have however no doubt, that the French Republic will foon learn, and joyfully partake your overtures of friendfhip and alliance. I Ihould have been glad if the ftate of the French force, at this time in India, had allowed me, in perfon, to have allured you of the friendfhip of the Republic, and to have participated in the glory of your arms againft our common enemy ; but the actual (late of affairs deprives me of that double honor. I intreat you, Prince, to accept my wilhes for the profperity of your Arms, and' the continuation of your glory. f Signed.) Magallon. (A true Tranflation.) G. G. Keble, French "FranJUitor^. m ( 144 ) N? XXXVI. To the great Prince, Tippoo Sultaun Bacha, at his Court of Seringapatam. Great Prince, A Frenchman, whofe name is not unknown to vou, and who wifhes to be ufeful to the generous Ally of his Nation, avails himfeif, with eagernefs, of the op- portunity offered by the return of your Ambaffadors, Hufiein All Khan and Mahomed Ibrahim, to recall himfeif to your remembrance. I had the honor to write to you from Pondicherry, in the month of September, 1792, encloling the manifeft of the cargo of my fhip, the Phoenix, and I informed Governor Defrefne, that I propofed going to Mangalore, for the exprefs purpofe of landing a quantity of beautiful and excellent grenadier fufees, intended for you. — That General obferved to me, that I ran the rifk of being fearched and detained by the Englifh ; but when he faw that I was firmly refolved to adhere to my projedt, he approved of it, and I departed. This circumflance has afforded me the ineftimablc advantage of receiving many Perwannahs from you, which I carefully preferve. Your Minifter, AfherufF Ali Khan, arrived at Mangalore in the beginning of the year 1793. He there received the fufees, and was fatisfied with them: I was paid only in parr ; he gave me an order for 14,000 rupees upon Brown of Mahe, who gave me a bill on another perfon, and I have not yet received payment ; but it is no longer your Highnefs who is refponfible to me for the amount. Being a Reprefentative of the people of the Ifle of France, 1 had the happinefs of being Prefident of the Committee of Public Safety, when your AmbafTadors landed in this Colony ; and I was the firft to teflify to them the fatisfadtiou we felt, at receiving amongft us the fubjeds of an Allied Prince, to whom we are fincerely at- tached : But if our happinefs was great for a moment, our grief was profound, to learn that you had been deceived by Ripaud, as to our forces on this ifland : the only rein- forcement which has been fent to us from France, fince the commencement of the* war, is one battalion, which we have fent to Batavia, to aflifl: the Dutch, in the pre- fervation of that place : this we did in return for the afliftance which we had drawn from thence in money, provifions, and naval ilores : For you muft know, Great Prince, that our own refources are fufficient for our fupport, and we have fworn to bury ourfelves under the ruins of our ifland, rather than fee our enemies the pol- fefTors of it. « I often had the pleafure of vifiting your AmbafTadors, and I fucceeded in reliev- ing them from the painful fituation into which they were thrown, by the failure of their mifTion, I encouraged them by laying, that you could not dcfire impofTibilities ; 7 and C HS } and that having done every thing in their power, their confcience ought to be at eafe: you know, Great Prince, whac I frankly declare to you, that an agent who has iifed every effort, although without fuccefs, has Hill a claim to the gtatitudc of thofe who granted him their confidence. If Huffeiii All Khan and Mahomed Ibrahim have not been entirely fuccefsfuJ, if your wiflics have not been accompliflied, it is alone to be attributed to the unfor- tunate circumftances of the times ; but I fwear by the facred name of honor, that they have ufed every effort to execute your orders, and have conduifled themfelves like iubjefts truly attached and faithful to their Mafler. The conferences were conduced at the Government Houfe, with the Generals, and three Reprelentatives of the Colony, in the number of whom I have the advan- tage to rank. Your envoys were always defiroiis that nothing fhould be made public, but what could not pofTibly be concealed ; and I may venture to affure you, Great Prince, that we have every reafon to be fatisfied with the correct and becomine con- duQ: obferved by them, during their refidence here ; it was fuch as was to be expeded from the honor of their charafter and from your AmbafTadors. They obferved, that the allowances fixed for the different ranks were too great ; and that the French in the Camp of Lally are not fo highly paid; but General Malartic relieves you from any embarraffment on that point, by permitting the French to return, fhould you not be fatisfied with what has been concluded here. The fituation of your envoys was critical ; they found themfelves in a ftate of fufpence, dcfirous of being ufeful to their Mafter, but at the fame time apprehenfive of incurring his difpleafure. To have refufed thefe fuccours, though trifling, would have been a confeflion, that you would not facrifice a fmall fum of money; this, I think, would have been impolitic, not only with refpeft to the prefent, but alfo to future times; befides, it is neceffary to make fome diftinftion, in favor of thofe who leave their families, and the comforts which they enjoy here, to ferve as Volun- teers in a country with which they are totally unacquainted. Nothing lefs than our great defire to ferve you, would have induced us to permit the'fe Citizens to leave the Colony, during war, particularly as fome of them are experienced Ibldiers, who pofTefs a knowledge of their profelTion, and therefore are a lofs to us; but there is no merit in obligations which coft nothing. Permit me. Great Prince, to converfe a moment with you. My love for my country, my attachment to its Allies, particularly to thedeferving Son of the renowned Hyder AUi, and my well-founded hatred of the Englifh, or rather of their Govern- ment; all this, I fay, fhould convince you, that I ihall fay nothing which i? no^ dictated by a legard for your true interefts. What is then the fatality which has hitherto divided the Princes, of Afia ? Nothing is more eafily underftood. It is the dark policy of the Englilli, their Ma- Pp chiavclian [ 146 ] chiavellan principles, which have fubjedted fo many nations to their yoke; and rendered them the opprelTors of Alia. There is ftill time however to crufh this ambitious nation; but it is neceflary that the Court of Poonah — the Soubah of the Decan — the Tartars — the Raiah of Travencore — all the Rajahs, Nabobs, and Soubahs; that all the Chiefs of Afia, in fhort, fbould unite to attack, to overthrow, and finally to expel thofe haughty Eno- Jifh; but it is abfolutely neceffjiy, that the Alliance fhould be founded on good faith, and that it fliould be ikijfully formed, in order that the Princes, vvhofe forces are inconfidcrable, may not find themfclves overpowered, in confequence of a want o-f concert between the parties; but when the plan fhall have been properly arranged, and when the Englilh fliall find themfelves aflailedfrom every quarter of Afia, their deltruc- tion will be inevitable. You have been at war with all the Princes of Afia, you mud now become their friend, and prove to them, by the propofals you make, that you are really willing to become fuch. One Prince muft not aggrandize himfelf at the expence of another; but it is proper that thofe who groan under the bondage of the Englifh fhould be emancipated, and that each individual fhould participate in their fpoils, in proportion to the aid he fliall furnifh, as well as to his local poficion. I will repeat, that if the Alliance be made with good faith, if each of the contract- ing parties fhail find his intereft in it, the engagements will be obferved; but fliould it prove otherwife, fliould any one of the contrafting parties be injured, he will obfcrve his engagements no longer, than until fome circurafl:ance or favorable event ihall give him an oportunity of infringing them. If fortunately, we ftiould receive troops from Europe, which we can difpofe of in your favor; if the Commifiion with which the naval and military Generals of the Colony have entrufied Citizens Magot and Seguin, the former the commander of the frigate which carries your difpatches to the French Government, and the latter. Aid de Camp to Major Ge- neral Malartic, fent to give greater eliicacy to the application which he has made for as large a reinforcement as pofiible-, 1 flty, if this deputation be fortunat'e,' what will not be your advantage in having prepared beforehand, the means of avenging yourfelf, by punifhing thofe who have caufed you to be betrayed by your own fub- jetls; and of recovering that inheritance, of which you have been in part deprived, becaufe the Princes of Afia, who took up arms againfl: you, were not fenfible, that ;n proportion as the Fnglifii became powerful, they would furniik the Powers of the Eaft with arms againit each other. • The difference of religion has often prevented Alliances, which would have proved advantageous to divers Nations; but thefe falfc principles have difappeared, philcfophy and reafon have filenced prejudice, and the fame State in Europe tolerates the Roman Catholic, the Calvinifl, and the Lutheran Churches. The man who adores the Creator, and offers up vows which are fincere and proceed from the heart, is regarded by his God with an eye of benignity and forgivencfs. The difpofitions of the Scubah of the Decan are known to you, as are alfo thofe of C H7 3 of the Maliratra and Tartar States. I think I may venture to uflure you, that the good Prince, Ram Rajah of Travencore, is tired of the oppreffion of the Englifti. Raman Kcfvin, his prime Minilkr, would, I conceive, be well ciilpofed to aft aoainll theft- delpots, had he the- means: I know that it was with great rekidtance he con- lented to fend away Mic^ot de la Combe, who commanded his troops at Parour, as well as the other French Officers who commanded his battalions. The interefts of this Rajah, if I am not deceived, require, equally with your own, that you fhalF propofe to him an Alliance, that all refcncment fliould ceafe, and that your ancient feuds fiiould be exiinguilhed and forgotcen forever: but above all, Great Prince, conduft the negociaiion in fuch a manner, that the Englifh may not fufpedt it; for otherwife this Prince will be totally crufhed, and the Englifh, in delpoiling him, will cncreafe iheir means of acling againlt you. Believe me, Gre.it Pnncf, one of the brightelt days of my life will be that on which 1 fhali hear that, by re-uniting with the Princes of Afia, you have acquired the means of annihilating the power of the Englifh in India. o I know not. Great Prince, whether my franknefs will be pleafing to you, or whether you may not confider my obfervations as officious ; but of this I am certain, that my anxious vvilh is, that you may make great conquefts from the Englilh; and that by this fuccefs^ you may be enabled to render your people and yourfelf happy. This is the fincere prayer of a true Frenchman, who is with efteem and refpeft. Great Prince, Your mofl humble and mofl obedient fervant, Ifle of France, the 15th Ventofe, (Signed) M. Descomber, in the 6th year of the French Republic, or the 5th of March, 1798, old ftile. • (A True Tranflation.): G. G. Keble, French Tranjlaton N? XXXVII. The Governor General of the Ifles of France and' La Re-union, to the Nabob" Tippoo Sultaun. Ifle of France, Port North Weft, the 17th Vcntole, in the 6th Year of the French Ropubtic, oiv and indivifible, anfvvaring to the 7th March, 1798,. Old Style. (Copy.) I received, on the 20th January laft, (old Hylc) your Letter under date the 9th 1 Oa;ober, C 148 3 Odlober, 1797, vviuch announced to me that you had deputed Captain Ripaud, whom you had engaged in your fervice, and two Ambafladors, to confer with me re- fpeding the ftate of your affairs, and that I might place the greateft confidence in what- ever they might communicate. Your AmbalTadors afterwards delivered to me your memorandum of propofals to the Executive Direftory, tending to form an Alliance, oftenfive and defenfive, with the French, and by which yoii of!cr to entertain, at your own expenfe, as long as the war in India Ihall lafl, the troops they may be able to fend you. Not thinking myfelf authorized by my powers to conclude this Alliance with you, I immediately difpatched two frigates to France, with your propofuions to the Executive Directory. I have not the fmalleft doubt, but that they will take your propofal into their mofl ferious confideration •, and I am perfuaded, that they will fend you, as fpeedily as poflible, the fuccours of men which you demand, and which you require for the purpofe of attacking your enemies, who are alfo the ene- mies of the French Republic. In the mean-time, and whilfl; waiting the arrival of thefe fuccours, I difpatch the Preneufe frigate, commanded by Captain L'Hermite, to convey back your Ambafladors and their Suite, with the Officers, Surgeons, and Volunteers, whom I have recruited in the two Iflands for your fervice. I have annexed to this Letter, I. The roll of the Officers compofing the Marine Eflablifhment, whom you were defirous of having to command your fhips, and to form Seamen for you. 2.. The roll of the land Officers, of the Surgeons, and of the Volunteers. Thefe lifts exhibit the refpeftive ranks of the Officers. You will alfo receive with this Letter the monthly pay-tables of the allow- ances to be given, independently of the appointments and provifions for each rank, and for every pcrfon who fhall enter your territories. It would have been more regular, had a treaty been entered into between your AmbafTadors and myfelf, and figned by both parties, which you might have ratified on the return of your Ambafladors; but I could not perfuade them to undertake to fign the treaty. They alTured me, that you would moft unqueflionably agree to my demand, and that the appointments and pay of the troops, as well as the eflablifh- ment and provifions, which I had requefted, would be exaftly and regularly paid at the end of every month. Should it prove otherwife, I authorife all the Officers, Volunteers, and others, to avail themfelves of the return of the frigate, or of any other opportunity which may offer, to return to thefe iflands. I mull alfo premifc, that ic is my intention that they (hall, at all times, be at liberty C H9 ] liberty to quit your territories; and I therefore requefl: you will give orders, that they may be furnifhed with the ncceffary means, that every affiftance and proteftion be granted to them, and that they may not be fubjedted to any hindrance or molef- tation on the part of your fubjedls. The eftablilhment of the faftory which you are anxious to have in this Ifland, in order to facilitate the means of conncfting yourfelf more clofely with the French, prefenting reciprocal advantages, you are at liberty to eflabiifh it whenever you may think proper. The two MulTulmans and the Frenchman, whom you propofe to fend for that purpofc, will eafily find a commodious houfe for their reception. They fliall be under the proced.ion of Government, and they fhall enjoy all tlie privileges ufiially granted to fuch eftablilhments. I muft now mention to you the good conduft of your AmbafTadors, and the anxiety they have always fhevvn to execute punctually, the commiflion with which you had entrufted them; I am happy to render them thisjuftice, which they on every account deferve. Immediately on their arrival in this Colony, they delivered all the Letters vvith which they were entrufted, for the Reprefentatives and for the Naval and Military Generals. They urged entreaty upon entreaty, and ftrenuouOy folicited the difpacch of a confiderablc force to their Prince, according to the tenor of their inftruftions, founded on the reports which had been made to you. After having, for fome time, hefitated to accept of the inconfiderable alTiftance in men which was offered to them, j-^our AmbafTadors determined to receive it upon the folemn affurances which I gave them, to difpatch to you not only fuch troops as might arrive from France, but alfo thofe from this ifland, who might hereafter rcfolve to proceed to India. Your AmbafTadors having likewife folicited me, with great earneftnefs, to cement the Alliance exifting between the French and yourfelf, by a formal oath, I informed them, that as this Alliance ftill remained in full force, I thought the Executive Directory, and the Legiflative Body of the French Republic, had alone a right to renew the confirmation. In fhort, I can only give you advantageous teflimonies of their good condudt; they conduded themfelves, I can afiure you, with the moft perfeft honor and pro- priety, and all their a 156 1 N? XL. The Captain of the Ships of War of the French Republic, one and indivifible, appointed by the Government to the Chief Command of the Naval Force ading under the Sovereign Pacha Tippoo Sultaun, the Vi6lorious. Sovereign Pacha, I unite with General Chapuis in apprizing your Majefty of my arrival, and of that of my Officers difpatched by Generals Malartic and Sercey to ferve under your orders. We have no wilh but to convince your Majefty of the zeal and fidelity with which we fhall aft, in every fervice which can contribute to your glory and to the fuccefs of your arms. The French Republic, the ancient Ally of your auguft Father, has received your embafly to the Ifle ot France, in a manner which cannot fail to convince you, that the refpeftive interefts of the two Nations will be confidcred as one : and we are efpe- cially deputed to your Majefty, for the purpofe of renewing and conlolidating that friendftiip and harmony, which has hitherto reigned between you and the French. The near approach of the rainy feafon renders it neceflary that your Majefty Ihould give orders for our journey to your prefence, with our baggage, as fpeedily as poffible, that we may incur no rifk of delay in our miffion. I enclofe a seturn of the Officers under my command. It feems advifable that they ftiould remain at Mangalore until your naval eftablitliment fliall be fixed, by the reports which I ftiall have the honour to fubmit to you, with regard to the fitua- tion of the Coaft and Harbour of Mangalore ; and in the mean time you fliould iflue orders to the Governor of that place, to fupply them with every thing neceflary, until your final pleafure fhall be known. I have brought a Port Mafter and and Ship-Builder, both well qualified for their refpeftive departments; I have alfo with me a Mafter Carpenter, and a Marine Cadet. I cannot conclude my letter, without paying a tribute of praife to your Am- baflV,dors, Haflein Ally Khan and Mahomed Ibrahim. Their duty could not have been more faithfully difcharged •, the Prince may be deemed happy who has fuch zealous and faithful fubjeds, 1 feel a particular pleafure in rendering this juftice to their C »57 3 their merit. With General Chapuis, I ihall relate more particularly to your Ma- jefty, their exertions in foliciting the Generals of the French Republic at the Ifle of France for your glory and inteiefts. I have the honor to be, very refpedfully. Sovereign Pacha, Your moft obedient humble fervant, (Signed) DuBcc. Captain oj the Ships of War of the French Repuhiicy ■' .' "< Midlhipmen in the French Navy. Dudemaine, - \ Lelee, - - Matter DIred:or of the works of the Port. Merler, - - Ship-Builder and Carpenter, BefTiere, - - Marine Cadet. Francois Robert, Carpenter. Eleven perfons attached to the Marine. Mangalore, the 28th of April, 1798. (Signal) FiLLiETAZ, Major of Mctnn;. (Attefted by mc, Captain of the fhips of war of the French Republic, one and indivifible, and commanding the Navy Force.) (Signed) Dubvc. " (A True Tranilation) G. G. Keble, Frtnch TranJI'atcr.. Ss C »^8 ] JSJ? XLI. Copy of the Questions put to the French Generals, by the Chiefs of the Sircar. 1. We requcfl you to inform us, if the Generals Malartic and Sercey have fent you to the Pacha, as Ambaffadors from them. When we are informed on this point, you fliall be introduced according to your dignity, and our cuftoms. 2. We requeft you alfo to inform us, if the Generals Malartic and Sercey have fent you to fervc the Pacha. You fhall be received as men of diftindion, accord- ing to our cuftoms. 3. We requeft you alfo to inform us, if you have full power to tranfaft bufi- nefs with the Durbar; and at the fame time to fervc the Pacha. You fhall then be received and introduced as men of diftindtion, according to our cuftoms. In the Camp of the Pacha, this 20th June, 1798, O. S, (A true Tranflation) G. G. Keele, French Tranjlator. The Feench Generals, having nothing more at heart than to give to the Sircar of the Pacha, Tippoo Sultaun, the Explanations and Information which it is in their power to afford, as to the dignity and the objefl: of their Miffion, anfwer to the firft Queftion ; I. That the Governor General Malartic, reprefenting the French Republic, in his Government of the Ifle of France, has difpatched us to the Pacha, in the quality of Envoys from the French Republic, as has alfo Rear Admiral Sercey, to reprefent them at the Court of the Pacha. z. The Governor General Malartic, and Rear Admiral Sercey, have fent us to ferve the Pacha in arms, according to our refpedlive ranks and profeffions. 3. We have full power and authority, in the name of the French Republic, and in the names of the Generals who reprefent the Republic in the Ifle of France, »o treat with the Pacha, and with his Durbar, of an Alliance between the two Na- tions, which is to ferve as the fundamental bafis for all the great objefts \»hich we 5 may C >59 ] may have to propofe ; and all our treaties (hall be prefentcd to the National Con- vention, and ratified by the Executive Power at Paris. Done in the Camp at Seringapatam, ift Thermidor, in the 6th Year of the French Republic, one and indivifible, correfponding with the 20th June, 1798, O. S. The Generals of the French Republic, (Signed) Chapuis. Dubuc. (A true Tranflation.) G. G. Keble, Fremh Iranjlator. *j,* In the criglml, thefe quejlions were written in the Perjian Language, in afeparate column oppofue to the French. N? XLII. Rates of Pay for the Officers of the Marine. The Commander In Chief, Dubuc, 2,000 rupees* per month, out of which he will leave 500 rupees in the hands of the Sircar, to be paid him on his return, and he will receive 1,500 rupees per month. Lieutenants, - - - Rupees 250 Midfhipmen, - - - 200 Matter of the Port, - - - 150 Builder, . - - 125 Carpenter, - - - - 50 The Marine Cadet, Beffiere, - - 50 Settled the 8 th July, 1798 * (Signed) Dubuc, Tlie Commander in Chief. I accept. * (Of which Mr. Filletas, the Major, who goes with me to Europcj is to have 300 rupees per Hiomh.) C i6o 3 I accept, for the prefent, 1,500 rupees per month, payable immediately, with a promife from the Pacha, to pay me 2,000, on my return from Europe, after having executed the commiffion with which he charges me. The Sth July, 179S. (A true Trandation.) (Signed) DuBtJC, The Commander in Chief of the Maiiiie. G. G, Keble, French Tranjlator. N? XLIII. I have received from the Sircar Coudadad, the fum of two thoufand feven hun- dred eighty-one Behader pagoda*-,- and five fanams, in the following manner, that is to fay: Eight months due to Debay, Six months in advance, . - - Six months to General Dubuc, Six months to Filletas, - - - One month to the Marine, as follows:; One Lieutenant, . . - - - One Midfliipman, . - - - One Mafter of the Port, One Builder, One Carpenter, - - Total Behader Pagodas In the Camp, of the Pacha^ the 28th July, 1-798, (Signed) Dubuc, Commander in Chief of the Marina N. £. . Eve-ry- Officer, or other perfon, belonging to the Marine, who (hall not dtfcharge his duty punftually and with fkill, Qiall be difmiffed and fent back. (Signed) Du^uc, Commander in Chief of the Marine, (A true Tranflatior.) " . " G. G. Keele, French Tranftator, Pagodas. Fanaras, 171 1,282 1,928 I 10 S2, 42 32 26 8 12 2. II 10 II 2,781 5 C i6i ] N? XLIV. The Sircar Coudadad to the Executive Directory, reprefenting the French Republic, One and Indivifible, at Paris. In the name of that friendfliip which the Srcar Coudadad, and the fubjedts of the Sircar, vow to the French Republic, which friendfliip and alliance fhall endure as long as the fun and moon flijne in the Heavens, and which fhall be fo folid that the moft extraordinary events fhall neither break nor difunice them. The Englifh, jealous of the connexion and friendfhip which for fo long a lime has fubfifted between my Sircar and France, fome years ago united againfl: me with the Mahrattas, the Nizam AH Khan, and my other Enemies; and declared a war, as odious as unjuft, which laded fcveral years, and of which the refult was fo fatal, that it cofl me three crorcs and thirty lacs of rupees in money, and my fineft provinces. The Republic is certainly not ignorant of any of thefe unfortunate circum- ftances, nor of the many efTorts I made to dif()ute, inch by inch, the pofiTcflion of that country, which at laft I was obliged to relinquiih to our common Enemy. I Ihould not have been driven to fuch cruel facrifices, had I been aided by my ancient allies the French; who were deceived by the perfidious machinations of Conway, the Governor General of Pondicherry, who was then plotting with Campbell, the Governor of Madra', for the evacuation of the place commanded by the former. No doubt, the Republic will now repair the fault of their former Government, by driving the Englifh from their rich polTellions in India. Thefe fentiments, wi;h which I have long been animated, I have made known to the Government of the Ifle of France, through the organ of two AmbafTadors, from whom I have had the great fatisfadtion of receiving fuch an anfwer as I defired, together with the Republican Flag, by the hands of Chapuis, Chief of a Brigade, and Dubuc, a Captain of a fhip, who alio brought with them the inconfiderable fuccour of Officers and men, with which citcumltances permitted General Malartic and Rear Admiral Sercey to fupply me. I retain with me the firft of thefe Officers, and fend the fecond to you as my AmbafTador, who in rcquefting your alliance, ofFenfive and defenfive, will I truft obtain iuch a reinforcement of troops, as joined to mine, may enable me to attack, and annihilate for ever, our common Enemies in Afia. I fend you my flandard, (which united with that of the Republic, will ferve as a bafis for the alliance into which our refpeftive nations are about to contraft), and with T t it [ l62 ] it the particular articles which I have charged Captain Dubuc to communicate to you. I join with him my fubjedts Sheik Abdoulraim and Mahomet Bifmilla, who are equally authorized to reprefent me with your Government. Whatever may be the future ftate of our two nations, whether blended or fe- parate, into whatever engagements they may refpedtively enter, may the profperity, the glory, and the fucceis of both, be Itill the common objedt of each, — may the fentiments which they feel for each other be guaranteed by mutual aflurances of fidelity, and by oaths of reciprocal obligation, and may the heavens ^nd the earth meet and unite, ere the alliance of the two nations fhall fuffer the fmalleft altera^ tion. In my Palace at Seringapatam, 20th July, 1798. (Signed) ■ (A true Tranflation.) G. G. Keble, French Tranjlator. A Note of the Proposals to be made by my Ambassadors to the Executive Directory at Paris. Jriide i. For ten or fifteen thoufand troops, of every defcription. Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery. Article 2. A naval force to aft on the coaft where our armies may be, to favour, and to reinforce them, m cafe of neceffity. Article 3. The Sircar will furnifh all military ftores and provifions for the army of the Republic, as well as horfes, bullocks, carts, and tents, together with every other neceffary; excepting European liquors, which his country does not afford. Article 4. On all marches and military operations, the King's orders are to be obferved. Article 5. The expedition fhall be dJrefted to fome point of the Coromandel Coafl, and / in le C 163 ] in preference, to Porto Novo, where the difcmbarkation of the troops Ihall take place; and where the King, with his whole army, will appear, either before the arrival of the French Army, or at any time appointed, it being his intention to commence operations in the heart of the Enemy's country. Article 6. The King defires that the Republic will inform him, by difpatcbing to Man- galore two corvettes from Europe, within twenty days of each other, of the number of fliips and troops which are to be fent from France, in order that he mav take the field immediately, and be matter of the Coromandel Coaft, before the arrival of the Republican forces, and thus be enabled to provide for all their wants. Article 7. All the conquefts which may be made from the Enemy, excepting thofe pro- vinces which the King has been obliged to cede to the Englifh, to the Mahratcas, and to the Nizam Ally Khan, ihall be equally divided between the two nations, and according to their refpedtive convenience. The fame divifion (hall alfo be made of the Enemies fhips, and of the Portuguefe Colonies, in order to indemnify the King for the expences of the war. Article 8. Should any difficulty arlle between the allied armies, each fliall obferve juftice, according to their own laws and cuftoms; and every difcuflion relating to them fhali be condudted in writing between the two nations. Article 9. Whatever may be the defire of the Republic, whether to give peace to Eng- land, or to continue the war, the King trufts the Republic will always have the kindnefs to confider him as a friend and faithful ally, and accordingly comprehend him in all its treaties, and apprize him of all its intentions. Article 10. All French whatever, who now are or may hereafter come within the territo- ries of the King, fliall be treated as friends and allies; they ihall have the liberty of pading and repaffing, and of trading, without any molellation or hindrance; on the contrary, they fhall receive every affiftance and fuccour which they may want. Article 11. To procure for my fervice, four founders of brafs, and four founders of ft-on cannon. [ i64 3 cannon, four paper makers, twelve manufafturers of glafs, m different branches of the manufaclure, two naval engineers, and two good ftiip-builders. Given in my Palace of Scringapatam, under my fignature and that of my Prime Minifter, with the Seal of State affixed, the 20th July, 1798. (Signed) (A true Tranflation) G. G. Keble, French Irmjlator. N? XLV. To the French Republic, One and Indivifible. Placing entire confidence in the patriotic zeal and fidelity manifefted by Citizen Dubuc, Captain in the Navy of the French Republic, one and indivifible, and Com- mander in Chief of my Marine, I have appointed, and do hereby appoint him one of my Ambafiadors to the Executive Directory at Paris, there to fulfil with punftu- ality the orders which 1 have given him. For that purpofe, I give him all the moll extenfive powers necelTary to the fuccefs of the million which I have entrufted to him, promifing and binding myfelf to the French Republic, one and indivifible, to ratify the engagements which Citizen Dubuc may enter into, in my name, with the National Convention, and the Executive Diredory at Paris ; as well as with the artifts and workmen, whom I have directed him to engage for my fcrvice. Given in my Palace of Seringapatam, under my fignature and that of my Prime Minifter, with the Seal of State affixed, the 20th July, 179S. (A true Tranflation) G. G.Keble, French Tranjlator. Letter of Credit from the Sircar Coudadad for Citizen Dubuc, Cap- tain in the Navy of the French Repubhc, One and Indivifible, and Cotnmander in Chief of my Marine. Placing entire confidence in the fidelity of Citizen Dubuc, Captain in the Navy of the French Republic, one and indivifible, and Commander in Chief of my Marine, C ^65 ] Marine, I authorise him, by this prefent Letter of Credit, to procure, either from the French Republic, or from individuals, fuch fums as he may require, to fulfil the orders I have given him for different purchales, or to defray expences which he may think urgent or neceffary, for the advantage of his miffion. — Being defirous that the faid Letter of Credit fhould have full power and value, I hereby bind myfelf to pay, or caufe to be paid, all the Bills of Exchange which Citizen Dubuc may draw upon my Sircar. Given in my Palace of Seringapatam, under my fignature, and that of my Prime Minifter, with the Seal of State affixed, the 20th July, 1798.. (A true Tranflation) G. G. Keble, French TranJJator, N? XLVI. Copy of a Letter from Dubuc to Tippoo Sultaun, dated r6tb December, 1798, O. S. To the Sircar CotJDADAD. Tranquebar, the i6th December, 1798,, Great Pacha, Health and Refpeft, O. S. The men are arrived fafe, but their letters, the articles moft eflential, are fWL wanting, having been left on the road; I hope, however, to get them in a few days. The men were fo much afraid, that they have been four months on their journey ;■ you may judge of their diligence and pundtuality for your fervice ; for my own parr, I believe they muft have tied their legs for three months and a half. Hircar- rahs, which I fentyou on the nth of hft month, have returned with your Majefty's' reply, dated the 29th of the fome month ; I haflen to fend them back, as they are faithful men, and I (hould wi{h them to be liberal'iy recompenfed. The perfon who is to furnifn the money does not appear, nor do I hear any thing of him. I appre- hend that there will be much trouble in obtaining paynient. I confider it as indif- peniably neceflary, that you fliould fend me an order to take up immediately all the money in the hands of Mercier, and accompany it with a letter of credit on the Republic, as requefted by me. The importance of my miffion is fuch, and the refult promifes to be lb advantageous to your Majefty, that I cannot too often repeat, that money ought to be confidcred as nothing, when matters of fuch confequence are in agitation. I mull; fet off; but to do this, money is neceffary. In all countries,. money is the finevv of intrigue and of war; if your Majefty does not vvilh to be U u ruined [ i66 ] ruined by the Englifli, and ro lofe the affiftance of your good and faithful friends the French, (hew me a fufficient mark of your confidence, in fupplying me with the means ; they will not (top Soucars on the road with fpecie, efpecially if it be in ftar pagodas. Send me a fupply with all expedition, and I will fet oif Immediately. The cloths are not arrived, and I am about to fend perfons in fcnrch of them. I requeft your IVIajefty will authorize me to take up a year's advance of pay, according to your promife, to enable me to fecure to my family the means of fubfiftence during my abfence; as the fix months for which I received an advance, will expire on the 8th of next month. I have been obliged to expend all I had, and have now nothing remaining, the Englifh having taken both my veflel and money ; you will find my requeft reafonable, when you confider that my family is in a ftrange country, and deftitute of refources. I again folicit from your Majefty full powers to that effeft, and that the means may be immediately furnifhed me. As the Hircarrahs affure me of their return in thirty days, I can get away in forty. It will be advifeable, that you (hould ftation here with your Vakeel eight Hircarrahs, that you may receive jfitelligeiice every eight days, which I have the means of arranging. I recommend the Vakeel to you, his pay is infufficient, and it is now eight months that the Cuchery has given him nothing; he fliould have befides a Palankeen : The Am- balTador of fo noble and generous a Prince as yourfelf, ought not to go on foot like a Cooly. Are you fatisfied with me ? tell me in a word ; you know my attachment to your perfon, and you fhall have fincere proofs of my fidelity. I beg your Majefty to continue your goodnefs and friendfhip to my true friend and colleague, General Chapuis : fee him often •, the more you know him the more you will be fatisfied that he merits your confidence ; he is a man of the pureft honor, faithful, and a found advifer. I have been informed, that your Majefty has written to the Government of Madras, and to Lord Mornington. What will be the ifTue of their reply ? Be on your guard againft them; be ready to defend or to attack. The preparations for war continue to be carried on with great rapidity; the Nizam's troops muft by this time be on their march; they muft be checked. The Englifli attempted to carry off your Vakeel, Sada Chidevaran, but I difcovered the plot, and it has not fuc- ceeded. Your Majefty fliould write inftantly to the Government of Tranquebar, by a Camel Courier, requefting its immediate protedtion for your General in Chief Dubuc, your Major Fillietaz, the interpreter Debay, and your Vakeel. Lord Mornington, the Governor General of Bengal, and General Clarke, are expe6tcd on the Coalt at the end of this month, for the purpofe of entering upon a negotiation with your Majefty, which, Ihould it not be fuccefsful, will be followed by a Declaration of War; the objeft of which will be, to take away your country, and to dethrone you ; fubftitut- ing in your place, and that of the Allies of your Crown, a Nabob of their own creation; — your Mnjefty muft perceive, that nothing lefs than your kingdom is at Itrtke. You muft exert yourfelf, ind in particular endeavour to prefeve it by nego- tiation, [ '67 i ■tiatlon, till the moment when I flatter myfclf 1 fiiall fecurc it to you and to your augull children for ever. By means of the intrigues carried on by the Englifli in all the Durbars of India, it is eafy for them to excite commotions, and they may detach from you perhaj^ all your Allies. It is very probable, that by divifion and negotiation, in the event of their fucceeding in a new war againft your Majcfty, they may accomplifli the deftruftion of the Mahratta Power, and feize with impunity every thing which may have been ceded to them under anew treaty of peace; it is evidently then their intereft, to enter into a joint treaty with you, th:U by the means of a powerful league, you may eftablifli a firm fecurity for each other ; and in this league, each ought to co-operate, in defending the acquifitions or ceflions that either may have made at rhe peace concluded at your capital, with the feveral contraifling Parties. The Englifh threaten you ; the Mahrattas ought to fupport you, and not allow vou to be expofed to deftrudlion ; the barrier that feparates you from the former ought to be preferved, fo that nothing may be able to break or deftroy it. You may place a dependence on your Allies while your interefts are the fame; but you will be abandoned, if thofe interells fhould ceafe to be mutual, or more certainly ftill, if they fhould be abfolutely at variance, or if your Allies fhould begin to fear you. Your time is Ihort and precious, you mud convince them of your good intentions ; anticipate the Englifh by your aftivity, and throw impediments in their way, which fhall retard their negotiations at Poonah, or render them inefFedual. Under fuch circumftances, the Mahrattas ought to infift on the faith of treaties; to remind the Englilh of the affiflance they afforded them againft your Majefty; and to urge the gratitude which they have a right to exped. They may reconcile the different interefts of the parties with the delicate fituation in which they are placed, and avoid the reproach of a breach of faith, either in regard to the execution of the treaty of peace generally, or any particular article of it. If thefe means of conciliation fail, they muft immediately arm and menace the Nation which fliall have infringed the treaty; the mere outcry will perhaps put a flop to all the military and hoftile pro- ceedings againft your Majefty; if otherwife, the fword muft be drawn, the fcabbard muft be caft away where it may never agaia be found, and the fortune of war muft decide the event. We have not yet received any interefting news from Europe; the Republic continues vidlorious over all her enemies, and refufes peace to England. Scindia has already taken Delhi, and I think he muft have completed the conqueft of Agra. Your Majefty will do well to dilpatch couriers to inform him immediately of the fituation you are in. I beg your Majefty will read attentively my Letter, which has been folcly dicr tated by candor, truth, and a regard for your real interefts. I pray C i68 ] I pray to God that every thing may fucceed, according to the wilhes of your Majefty. 1 have the honor to be with refpedt. (Signed) DuBuc, TZ'f Commander in Chief, Captain in the Navf of the French Republic, one and indivifible. Major Filletaz begs to offer the homage of his refpeft and attachment to your Majefty. (A true Tranflation) G.G. Keele, French Trarijlator, N? XLVII. Letter from Tippoo Sultaxtn to M. Dubuc. Seringapatam, the 2d January, 1799. The Hircarrahs, who were the bearers of your Letter of the 16th ultimo, arrived on the 30th. They have been paid, as a prefenr, ten rupees. You mufk make every exertion to depart with all polTible expedition, for it is urgently necef- fary. The cloths which you mention as not being arrived, have been brought back without orders. I have caufed them to be returned again without delay; but (hould they not arrive immediately, let not this prevent your departure. The letter of credit for France, which you defire, is in the packet. I hope that you will find the perfon who ought to pay you the money: we confider him as entirely to be depended upon ; but if he ftiould fail, you will endeavour, by means of your letter of credit, 10 arrange matters, and depart as foon as poffible. You need not doubt, that you pofTefs my entire confidence, and that I confider you as one of my very good friends. We have fettled together everything which you have to do. It is ufelcfs, and even dangerous, to write again: becaufe letters may be loft, and what I am moft anxious about, is, that you fhould depart as quickly as pofiible. Your dilpatches have already been once intercepted, and have furnifhed information of your deftination, which is much to be regretted. If you (hould write again, mention no names; we fhall always underftand each other: I have always written to you in that manner. You afk. me to fend money from hence: how can this be done, when letters pafs with fo much difficulty ? I authorize you to take up, by means of the letter of credit upon Europe, whatever you may require for yourfclf, as well as for other purpofes. After the departure of this difpatch, I will fend the necefTary pertons to carry on the correfpondcnce. I rely folely on Providence, expetfting that I (hall be alone [ »69 ] alone and unfupported; but God and my courage will accomplilh every thing. I have fcnt to Poonah, but it is your departure which moft interefts me, and which is moft prefling. Overcome all obftacles, and depart with (peed, (A true Trandation.) (Signed) (Signed) G. G. Keble, French Tranjlator. No. XLVIIL To the Citizen Sultaun Tippoo, the Vi6lorious, at Puttun -, (Seringapatam.) To TiPPOO Sultaun the Victorious, the Ally of the French Republic, and the well beloved of the Republicans, his Children •, Health. From the Republican Camp, the 3d day of the ift Decad Citizen Sultaun, of Prairial, the 5th Year, (May 23d, 1797.) I have received the Letter, which you have done me the friendfhip to write to me, and I take the liberty of replying to it article by article. With refpecft of that which relates to Monfieur Raymond ; I have read the Letter written by him to Citizen Dompars : — M. Raymond, more fubtle than him, has the air of a man, who would be a Frenchman, or who would at leaft wifh to be thought fo; and this with a view to difcover your intentions, and thofe ot the Republic, your Sifter ; — he exprefles a wifh, to be informed of our means, and of our force, alledging that he has facrificed the greater part of his property, to prove his attach- ment to the French, and to fupport the French, and their name in India; that his party is called the French, and that he has always borne the French colours. He is known to you, excellent Prince, and ftill better to France. — He has made war, — on whom ? — on you, the Ally of my Nation : it is thus, that he would prove to you his fincerity. He has erected the ancient flandard of France: this was only to dilengage you from the French, who adted under your orders — he is in the fervice of a Prince, who is both your enemy and ours, and has formed an unworthy alliance with the Englifh, with whom he is in conftant habits of intercourfe. But my Prince, in dealing with traitors, we muft make ufe of their own arms. You mult not lee- him perceive that you have unmafked him. — If you will permit me to write to him, I will manage matters in fuch a manner as to draw him over, and induce him to enter entirely into your willies. In politics, we fhould avail ourfelves of the arms of thofe whofe hands we fhould be glad to fee cut off, and put it out of the power of our tnemy to hurt us, either by word or deed. X X I repeat r 170 ;) I repeat to j'ou, that your interefts are as dear to me as thofe of my own Nation, and you may rely on the franknefs of my heart ; but Raymond appears to make advances to you : do you appear to accept and return this confidence, and allow me to ail a part with him. Be affured that he will lubmit himfelf to your plcafure ; lubtle as he is, I will outwit him, and you fhall be fatisfied. With refpeft to the men who are in irons, had they^ deferved death, be perfiiaded that they fliould have received no mercy : I do hoc love either cowards or traitors, and you may reft afTured that your Camp fhall be ordered with all the dignity and refptd: which is due to you. 1 do not command it, but I am a Republican, and I will make them know that you do not pay them either for their debauchery or their vices, and that they muft earn the money which you give them •, that every where, and at all times, they muft be ready to maintain your precious name and glory. They bfgin to liften to me. I will render them worthy of this honor, and this is no trifling attempt, after their late diforderly behaviour. An order from you to Citizen Dompars, conceived in the terms of the writing en- clofed, would have the befteffed. Your will fhall be complied with ; on Monday, afternoon I will take out, with your permiflion, the citizen gunners to your place of exercife, that they may fire at the mark, I make them praflice daily firing at the mark. But as it is the cuftom among the Republicans to attach a fmall piece of artillery to each Company of Infantry, for the purpofe of manosuvering, and to favor ."ttacks or retreats, or the fkirmiflies of Cavalry, 1 requeft of you merely to lend me one of your fmalleft field pieces; thefe pieces, in time of aftion, are drawn with traces. Your wifhes are laws, I wilh you all the happinefs you deferve. Your Citizen, (Signed) RiPAUD. I defire the Citizen Dompars, as Commandant, to qualify hitnfelf, that he may be able to command in perfon, the French Republicans who are under his orders. That he will, in the fame manner, require his officers to qualify themfelves to com- mand, as well as his inferior officers. 1 give you all one month to enable you to praftife, and I fhall judge myfelf of the military evolutions which you may be able to perform at that period. — To be Republicans, it is necelTary to be well informed, topofTcfs a degree of pride, and to merit the efteemof thofe whofepay we receive. Hithereto you have neglefted thefe duties of honorable men; repair your former errors, and merit my efteem. You will daily make the Citizens whom you command, without any diftindion, except that of age, praftife with the mufquet and great guns. Thofe who perform their exercife well, with the mufquet and cannon, will prac- tife only every Monday on my parade ; thofe who will not make the moft of their time, fhall be formed, according to their refpeftive acquirements, into fecond and third clafTes : thofe of the fecond clafs fhall exercife three times a week ; thofe of the th.ird daily, until all your Citizens become qualified for the firft clafs, both with refpedt to the management of the mufquet and of the artillery; they muft all be equally expert at the mufquet and the artillery. Be C «7» ] Be careful that this order be carried into execution ; yoa will be anfwerable to rne for it. Ifluc orders alfo to your Cavalry to inftrud themfelves. It is proper that all fhould be perfcdt. Such is my will. (A true Tranflation.) G. G. Keble, French Tranjlator. *^ This Letter ejlablipes thefaEi, that M Raymond, Commander of the French Army at Hyderabad, had opened a correfpondence with Tippoo Sultaun. ^p'lih regirdio theftandard tinder which M. Raymond's corps Jervedy they zve'e delivered up at Hyderabad, en the zid OElober, 1798 ; they conjijied of the Three- coloured Flag, furmoiinted by an Emblem, reprefenting the Ottoman Crejccnt tranfixcd by a dagger, on the point of which was placed the French Cap of Liberty. N? XLIX. ^(^ The Originals of the following Tranjlations from General Buonaparte nvere communicated to Captain Wilfon at Mocha — and the Tranflatiom were by him iranfmitud to the Governor in Council at Bombay. FRENCH REPUBLIC. LIBERT!'. E^JJALITr. Buonaparte, Member of the National Convention, General in Chief, to the mod Magnificent Sultaun, our greateft. Friend, Tippoo Saib. Head-Quarters at Cairo, 7th Pluviofe, 7th Year of the Republic, One and Indivifible You have already been informed of my arrival on the borders of the Red Sea, with an innumerable and invincible army, full of the define .of delivering you from the iron yoke of England. I eagerly embrace this opportunity of teftlfying to you the defire I have of being informed by you, by the way of Mufcat and Mocha, as to your political fituation. I would even wlfh you could fend fome intelligent perfon to Suez or Cairo, pof- feffing your confidence, with whom I may conkr. May the Almighty encreafe your power and deftroy your enemies. (Signed) Buonaparte, (Seal) (True Tranflate from the French,) (Signed) Francis \Vo??eks, Tran^ator,. [ 17^ 3 Translate of a Letter from General Buonaparte to the Sheriff of Mecca, written in Arabic, without Date, and received at Judda, the 17th February, 1799. You will be fully informed by the Nocqueda of this Dow, how tranquil and quiet every thing is at Cairo and Suez, ar'd between thofe places, and of the tran- quillity which is eftablifhed among the inhabitants. Not a fingle Mamaluke opprefTor remains in the country, and the inhabitants, without dread or fear, employ them- felves in weaving, cultivating the ground, and in other trades, as formerly ; and by the bleffing of God, this will be daily encreafing, and the duties on merchandize and the taxes will be leilened. The duties on merchandize are now the fame as they ■were prior to their being raifed by the Mamalukesj the merchants have every aflift- ance granted them, and the road between Suez and Cairo is open and fafe; therefore do you affure the merchants of your country, that they may bring their goods to Suez, and fell them, without dread or apprehenfion, and may purchafe in exchange for them, fuch articles as they may wifh. I now fend you a Letter for our friend Tippoo Sultaun; oblige me by forwarding it to his Countries. (A true Tranflation,) (Signed) S. Wilson. Copies of the above Letters were given to my Moonfliee for me, by Shaik Sol man and Mahomed Ameen, the Sheritfes firft Vizier and firfl: Secretary. (Signed) S. Wilson. (A true Copy,) N. B. Edmonstone, Pcrjian. Tranllator to the Government. gf3- The preceding Papers form but a fmall Part of the Mafs of the voluminous Corref- potidence found in the Palace of Seringapatam, all of the fame tendency, and manifefling the fame implacable Hatred of the Britijl) Nation, biit are deemed, by the Governor General, more than fufficient to fhew the unranitting Jrdor with which the late Tippoo Sultaun has purfiicd the Obj:£is of his unfatiabk Revenge. In fame of thefe papers, Tippoo is called Sircar Coudadad, this is a Defignaiion adopted by him at the Condufton of the laji liar, in 1792. Coudadad, literally fignifes, God given. N? XLIX. £ »73 3 N? L. Copy of a Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General to the Court of Directors ; dated 3d Auguft, 1799. To the Honorable Court of DIreftors for the Affairs of the United Company of Merchants of England, trading to the Eall-lndies. Honorable Sirs, 1. The rapid fucceffion of aftive meafures in which I have been engaged, has not admitted of my recording, in a connefted fhape, for the information of your Honorable Court, the feveral opinions which I have entertained, at different periods of time fince the month of June 1798, relative to the terms of an adjuflment with the lateTippoo Sultaun. The knowledge of my progreffive fentiments on this im- portant fubjedl may appear necefTary to your Honorable Court, in forming your judgment of the meafures which I have purfued ; it is therefore my intention, in this Letter, to review my original plan for a fettlement with Tippoo Sultaun, and the variations which it has undergone, according to the change of circumftances and of the general afpefl of affairs, fince the firft dlfclofure of the nature of the embafTy dif- patched by the Sultaun to the French Government. 2. In my Letter of the 20th March 1799, I have declared to your Honorable Gfturt, that as foon as I had afcertained the views of Tippoo Sultaun to be fuch as they are reprefented in the Proclamation of Monf. Malartic of the 30th January 1798, I determined to make an immediate effort for the redudlion of that Princes' refources and power ; but the defedt of the requifite means had precluded the pof- fibility of the attempt at that time. 3. In this flate of things, my intention was to have endeavoured to detach Tippoo Sultaun from his connexion with the French Nation ; and Ifhould then have been contented with any adjuftment, which appeared to offer a reafonable profpedt of fecuring that objeft. The arrangement which occurred to me at this period of time was ftated in a Minute recorded in the Secret Department on the 12th Augufl: Vide N? Ll. 1798. My views were then limitted to the eltablifhment of permanent Refidents, on the part of the Company and of the Allies, at Seringapatam •, to the difmiflion of all the French, then in the Sultaun's fervice ; and to the perpetual exclufion of the French from his armies and dominions. 4. But before I could fafely attempt to propofc even this moderate arrange- ment to Tippoo Sultaun, it was necefTary that the vigor of the triple alliance fhould be reflored, and that our armies fhould be placed in a pofture, not only of defence, Y y but • [ ^74 ] but fufficiently refpedtable to enforce the juft and moderate demands at that time in my contemplation, or any augmentation of thofe demands, which the cbftinacy, treachery, or violence of the Sultaun, might iiltimately compel me to make : for al- though my views were then limiried to the obicfts ftated in the preceding paragraph, it appeared prudent to provide for every poffible contingency. 5. The meafures which I purfued for the purpofe of reftoring our alliances, and of aflembling our armies, are already known to your Honorable Court: you are alfo apprized of my feveral unfuccefsful attempts to open a pacific negotiation with Tippoo Sultaun. 6. In the month of November i 79S (at the period of my firft attempt to open fuch a negotiation with him) iny opinion, with refpedt to the nature .of the terms neceffary for our fecurity againlT; the defigns of the Sultaun, had undergone fome change, 1 had received the intelligence of the FVench invafion of Egypt; and it could not be doubted, that this expedition, if it had not been originally planned with a view to the alTiftance of Tippoo Sultaun, might be converted to that purpofe. On the other hand, our ftrength was confiderably incrcafed ; we had fubverced the French party at Hyderabad, and by that luccelsful blow, had fecured the eftedlual co-operation of the Nizam's Government : our military forces and preparations were alfo in a ftare of forwardnefs. Under thefe combined circumftances, my opinion was, that Tippoo Sultaun fhould not only be compelled to renounce his con- nexion with France, to difmifs all the French in his fervice or dominions, and to receive refident Ambaffadors from the Allies, but alfo to cede, as an additional fecuricy againlt a renewal of his hoftile intercourfe with the French, the maritime province of Canara to the Company, for an equivalent to be given to him at a diltance from the coaft. It would not have been difficult for the Company to have made the necelfary exchanges, for the purpofe of obtaining the equivalent, if circumftances had favored fuch an adjuftment with the Sultaun. 7. This plan, without any material variation, formed my views of the fettle- ment neceffary to be concluded with Tippoo Sultaun, until the period of my arrival at Fort St. George, on the 31ft of December, 1798. 8. With this plan in contemplation, I addreffed to the Sultaun my Letter Vide ■ dated on the 9th January; but I was induced, towards the clofe of the month of Page 46. January, to extend my views beyond the limits by which they had hitherto been circumfcribed. 9. Tippoo Sultaun's negledl of my Letter of the date above-mentioned, ma- nifellcd a ilrong indifpofition to any amicable adjuffmcnt of our differences, and appeared to indicate a determination to purlue his projc(5f of inftigating the French to invade India. His obrtinacy had already induced a very heavy expence upon tfic finances of the Company, and threitened to augment, and even to perpetuate, the charge C ^75 ] charge of our defenfive fyftem. On the other hand, the armies of the Allies were now fo concentrated, as to warrant the cxpeftation of our being able to enforce anv demands, which we might think it juft. and prudent to make. On thefe grounds, towards the clofe of the month of January, 1^99, my intention was to have required from Tippoo Sulcaun, in addition to the terms already ftated, the payment of a confiderable fum of money, as an indemnification for the expenfe to which his hoftile and treacherous condudt had fubjeftcd the Allies. 10. The next change in my view of the fubjedt, took place at the Commence- ment of the month of February 1799, after 1 had obtained the intelligence tiiat Tippoo Sultaun, while he declined the amicable advances ot the Allies, had aftually difpatched another Embaiiy to the French, under the conduft of M. Dubuc. The infididus conduct of Tippoo Sultaun no.v determined me to fulpend all negotiation with him, until the advance of our armies into Myfore fhould fcrioufly menace his capital. It was reafonable, that the indemnification to be demanded fliould keep pace with the burthens which the progrels of his unjuftifiable proceedings impofed on the Allies. The French,* at this period of time, being to all appearances efta- blilhed in Egypt, the neccffity of reducing the power of 1 ippoo Sultaun was greatly increafed; and as our means of efFeiffing this important obje£l were proportionably augmented, I now determined to raife my demands, to the extent ftated in the En- clofure marked (A.) of my. Letter of the 22<1 of January, 1799, to the Commaii- (Not dcr in Chief, already fubmitted to your Honorable Court. I relolved, at the fame received.) time, in the event of our obtaining any decifive advantage in the field, and of our being compelled, by the obtTiinacy of the Sultaun, to open our batteries upon Se- ringapatam, to infift on greater conceffions from him; and I therefore provifionally diredted the Commander in Chief to demand the terms ftated in the Eiiclofure (B._) vide of the fame Letter to his Excellency. Page 114.. 11. Towards the end of April, frefii circumftances arofe, which difpofed me to think, that if the courfe of the war fhould favor the attempt, it would be pru- dent and juflifiable entirely to overthrow the power of Tippoo: accordingly on the 23d of April, I fignified to Lieutenant General Harris, my wifh that the power and refources of Tippoo Sultaun lliould be reduced to the loweft Ifate, and even utterly deftroycd, if the events of the war fhould furniih the opportunity. 12. The Commander in Chief in the interval, however, (as ftated in my Let- ter of the 16th of May to your Honorable Court) had been induced to offer to' Tip- y;jg poo Sultaun the terms marked (B), contained in the Enclofure of my inflruftions Page 104. of the 22d February; and for the powerful rcafons detailed in his Letter of the i8th Vide April, his Excellency, with great propriety, had not offered thefe, or any other Page "o. propofals, to Tippoo Sultaun, previoufly to opening the batteries on the fort of Seringapatam. After the batteries had been opened, Lieutenant General Harris was not authorized, by my inftrudfions, to offer or accept any terms, lefs .idvantageous to the Allies than thofe contained in the paper (B), to which I have already referred. 7'^= ^ ^ ^ ' ■' Page 114. 13, Accord- C 176 ] ^'»^e iq. Accordingly, his Excellency, on the 2id day of April, propofed the age iiS. ^gj.j^^g contained in that paper, with fuch a modification of the fecurities, as the ac- tual flate of circumftances appeared to require. Tippoo Sultaun not having agreed to Lieutenant General Harris's propofitions, and his Excellency pofleffing no autho- rity to depart from them, the neceffary confequence was the profecution of the fiege, which terminated in the redudion of the place. 14. I have already informed your Honorable Court, that the condudt of Lieu- tenant General Harris, in this refpeft, as well as in every part of the campaign and fiege, has met with my entire approbation. I fhall expeft, with anxiety, the judg- ment of your Honorable Court on the important queftions fubmitted to it in this letter; requefting you to confider every ad of Lieutenant General Harris, in the management of the negotiations with Tippoo Sultaun, to be founded in the fpirit of my orders, and to be ftridly conformable to my views of my duty towards you, and of the exigencies of your fervice. I have the honor to be, with the greateft refpeft. Honorable Sirs, Fort St. George, Your moft obedient and faithful fervant, 3d Auguft, 1799. (Signed) Morninotok. N? LL Extract from the Right Honorable the Governor General's Minute in the Secret Department, dated the 12th of Auguft, 1798. The firft regular authentication of the Proclamation, which I received, was contained in the Letter from Lord Macartney of 28th March, and in that from Sir Hugh Chriftian of the fame date, received on the i8th of June. It could now no longer be doubted, that the Proclamation actually had been iffued by the Governor General of the Ifle of France. Whatever may have been the motives of Monfieur Malartic in this tranfaftion, the objed of Tippoo Sultaun was always plain and clear, although fortunately for our interefts, his fuccefs has not yet been anfwerable to the extent of his dcfign. Of the objeft of that defign, I foon poirefled ample proof, arifing from the beft evidence which the nature of the cafe could admit. In the firft place, it appeared by the general tenor of the letters from the Cape, as well as by every public account which had been given of the tranfadlion, to be an undif- puted faft, that Tippoo difpatched two Ambafladors to the Ifle of France, and that S the C 1/7 ] the Proclamation in queflion was publirtied fiiWeqirent to theiv arrivai, aTid durjn^ their refidence in that Illantl. .Thclt fatts would j-eihaps have beeri fufficient, with- out further enquiry, to warrant, a /Irong prelumpiion, that this Proclamarion, pur- porting to declare the objed: of the Embaiiy, muft have been iramed. with the conlent and knowledge of the Ainbafladors of Tippoo, then on the fpot, and muft have correlponded with their inftrudtions from their Sovereign, whole orders thev would Icarcely have ventured to exceed, in a matter of fuch ferious confcquence as the conclufion of an alliance ofteiifive and defenfive with the French. In order, however, to obtain the moll accurate information, with rcfpeft to the circumftances attending ihe reception of the EmbalTy, the publication of the Proclamation, and the conduift of the Ambairiidors, 1 examined upon oath fome refpcdable perfons, who were prefent in the Ille of France during the refidence of the Ambafladors at Port Nord Oueft; from the concurrent teftimony of thefe nerfonSj fince corroborated by intelligence from various quarters, I obtained a connected account of the whole tranfaftion. Tippoo difpatched two Ambaflfadors, who embarked at Mangalore for the Ifit; of France, and arrived thereat the clofe of the month of January, 1798. They hoifted Tippoo's colours upon entering the harbour of Port Nord Oueft, were re- ceived pubHcly and formally by the French Government, with every circumftance of diftindion and refped:, and were entertained, during their continuance as the IHand, at the public expence. Previoufly to their arrival, no idea or rumour exifted in the Ifland, of any aid to be furnifhed to Tippoo by the French, or of any pro- fpedl of a war between him and the Company. The fecond day after the arrival of the Ambaflfadors, an advertifement was publilhed of the fame purport as the Proclamation, and immediately afterwards, the Proclamation was fixed up in the moll public places, and circulated through the town. The AmbalTadors (far from protefling againft the matter or ftyle of the Proclamation) held without referve, in the moll *public manner, the fame language which it contains with refpect to the offenfive war to be commenced againll the Britifh polldhons in India; they even fufFertd the Proclamation to be publicly diftributed at the place of their refidence. In confequcnce of thefe circumilances, an univerfal belief prevailed in the Ifland, that Tippoo would make an immediate attack upon the Britifh pofTcfEons in India; which opinion had gained fo much force, that the perfons who gave this evidence, and all thofe who arrived at that period in India from the Ifle ot France, exped:ed to find us at war with Tippoo. The Ambafiadors were prefent in the IQand, when the French Government proceeded to adl under the proclamation in queflion, and they aided and afhfted the execution of it, by making promifes, in the name of Z z Tippoo * Although the Ambafiadors, on their firft arrival at the Mauritius, were very folicitous, accord- ing to the tenor of their inftruftions, to keep the object of their million fecret, yet when the Govern- ment negleftcd this precaution, and gave ihcm a public reception, the conduft. of the Ambafladors be- came equslly public, aad the ob]<-ft of their miflTion eqvially uudifguifed. [ n^ 1 Tippoo, for the purpofe of inducing recruits to enlift; they propofed to levy men to any prafticable extent, dating their powers to be unlimited with refpeft to the numbers of the force to be raifed. The Ambairadors aided and affifted in the levy of 150 Officers and Privates for the fervice of Tippoo, under the terms and for the purpofes ftated in the Proclamation. Few of the Officers are of any experience or fkill, and the privates are the refufe of the democratic rabble of the Idand: Some of them are Volunteers, others were taken from the prifons and compelled to embark. : feveral of them are CafFrees, and people of half caft. With fuch of thefe troops as were Volunteers, the Ambaffadors entered into feveral ftipulations and engagements, ia the name of Tippoo. On the 7th of March 1798, the Ambaffadors embarked oa board the French frigate La Preneufe, together with the force thus raifed, and they publicly declared an intention of proceeding to the Ifle of Bourbon, with the hope of obtaining more recruits for the fame fervice. The Proclamation therefore originated in the arrival of the Ambafladors at the Ifle of France, was diflributed by their Agents, was avowed in every part by their> own public declaration, and finally was executed, according to its tenor, by their perfonal afliftance and co-operation. The Proclamation itfclf furnidies the mofl powerful internal evidence of the concurrence of the Ambaliadors in all its elTential parts, the principal fails ftated therein are; '* That Tippoo Sultaun, through two AmbafTadors, difpatched for the purpofe *• to the Ifle of France, had addreffed letters to, the Colonial Afl"embly of the Ifle of *' France, to all the Generals employed there, and to the Executive Diredory of ** France, and had made the following propolitions : ifti " That he defired to form an alliance, offenfive and defenfrve, with the " French, and offered to maintain, at his expence, during the continuance of the '* war in India, whatever troops fhould be furniihed by the French, and to fupply " (with the exception of certain flores_) every neceflary for carrying on the war." 2d; " That he had given affurances, that all his preparations were already- ** completed, and that the Generals and Officers would find every thing neceffary " for carrying on a fpccies of war, to which Europeans havs not been accullomeci " in their contsfls with the Native Powers in India.. 3d. " That he only waited for the fnccour of France to declare war againft " the Englifli, and that it was his ardent dcfire to expel the Englifli from India." Upon the ground of thefe fadfs, the Proclamation recommends a general levy of men for the fervice of Tippoo,, and it concJudes by affuring. *' all the citizens, who,. C '79 J «« who Hiall enllft, that Tippoo will give them an advantageous rate of pay and " allowances, which will be fixed by his Ambafladors, who will alfo engage, in the " name of their Sovereign, that the Frenchmen who (hall have enlifled in his army, '*• fhall never be detaintd there, after they fhall have exprefled a defire of returning to *' their native country." The avowed purpofe of this proclamation is to acquaint the inhabitants of the Jfland with the propofitions made by Tippoo Sultaun, through his Ambaffadors, on the fpot. It enumerates thofe propofitions with a particularity of detail, which could never have been hazarded in the prefence of the Ambaffidors, if the fadls ftated had rot been corredly true, or if the propofitions enumerated had varied in fubftancc from thofe communicated by the Ambaffadors, under the orders of their Sovereign : But the laft paragraph of the Proclamation, connefted with the condud of the Am- baffadors, as already defcribed, eftablifties, in the c4eareft manner, their participation in the whole tranfadion. That paragraph contains a diredt reference to the power of the Ambaffadors, and engages on their behalf, that they fhall enter into certain flipulations, in the name of their Sover»;ign, with refpedt to the pay and final dit- charge of fuch French fubjedts as fhall enlift in his army, under the conditions of the Proclamation. The accounts which I have received from the Ifle of France concur in ftating, that the Ambaffadors openly afted under this part of the Proclamation j. and in the name of Tippoo, entered into engagements and flipuhtions with the recruits, according to the affurances fpecified in the proclamation. Monfieur Dubuc, now Mafter Attendant at Mangalore, ftated to one of the witneflis whom 1 examined;, the whole fubftance of the engagements which had paffed perfonally between him and the Ambaffadors, all of which engagements referred immediately to Tippoo's inten- tion of commencing war upon the Company, with the aid of the French force then about to be levied. It appears from the evidence which I have coUefted, that the Ambaffadors had not brought to the Ifle of France a fupply of treafure fufficient for advancing bounty-money to the recruits. It was ftated, that an apprehenfion of the Englilh cruizers had prevented the embarkation of treafure for this purpofe ; and no doubt was entertained, that if the Ambaffadors had been better provided with money, they might have raifed a much greater number of men, who refufed to en- gage on the mere fecurity of promifes in the name of Tippoo; The Ambaffadors, together with the force thus colleded during the time of their miflion in the Ifle of France, landed from the frigate La Preneufe, at Manga- lore, on the 26th of April 1798. Accounts vary with rcfped to the exad: numben of the force landed : the moft probable are, that it did not exceed two hundred per- fons. Tippoo (far from manifefting the leaft fymptom of difapprobation of the condud of his Ambaffadors, in any part of the tranfadlion) formally received them, and the Ofiicers and leading perfons fo lamled, with public marks of honor and dif- tindion. One of his Ambaffadors refided for fometime with the French Recruits in a fortrefs near Mangalore, and the Sultaun has admitted the whole levy of Ofiicers tad men info his fervice^ 5 Referring C 180 ] Referring, therefore, to the conduft of the AmbalTadors in the Ifle of France, to their arrival at Mangalore with the force levied in confequence of their million, and finally to the reception of the Ambaffadors and of the French Recruits bv Tippoi^ Sultaun, the following conclufions appeared to me to be incontrovertibly ettah liflaed: Firft. That the Ambaffadors difpatched by Tippoo Sultaun to the Government of the Ifle of France, propofed to that Government an alliance offenfive and c'efen- livc, againft the Britifh Podeffions in India, which alliance was * accepted by that Government, and its acceptJ^r.ce formally notified by a public Proclamation. Secondly. That the Ambaffadors were charged with letters from Tippoo Suftaua to the Executive Directory of France ; which letters were dated to contain the fame: propofitions ; and that the Ambaffadors delivered thofe letters to tht Governor Ge- neral of the Ifle of France, for the purpofe of tranfmiffion to France. Thirdly. That the Ambaffadors, in the name of Tippoo Sultaun, gave public" affurances, that he had adtually compkated the neceffary preparations for commencinV- immediate hoftilities, and that he only waited the arrival of fuccour from the French,' to declare war againlt the Company, for the exprefs purpofe of expelling the Britifli Nation from India. Fourthly. That the Ambaffadors de«ianded unlimited military fuccour ffoiii the French, and levied a military force in the Ifle of France, with the declared objeift' of commencing immediate war againft the Britifli Nation in India. ' Fifthly. That this force has been acftoally landed in Tippoo's country, and- publicly admitted into his fervice, with fignal marks of approbation; and that the Ambaffadors have been received with fimilar diftinclion. Sixthly. That Tippoo Sultaun (by receiving with public marks of approbation his Ambaffadors,, who had concluded, in his name, an offenfive and defenfive alliance with the French, and by admitting into his fervice the military force raifed for effeft- ing the objedts of that alliance} has perfonally ratified the engagements contained in the Proclamation of the Governor General of the Ifie of France, and has proceeded to ad under thofe engagements, conformably to the tenor of that Proclamation. Seventhly. That although the fuccour aftually received ^y Tippoo Sultaun,> under his offenfive alliance with the French, is inconfiderable, yet the tenor of the Proclamation ,.-''.^p';c;^:>">ih '10 :;-,r-'-nrn -< ^_ ■ - )■ • " * Although it appears the Government of the Ifle of France, did not aiSlually enter into a formal Treaty of defenfive and offenfive Alliance with the Ambaffadors, by executing regular engagements, yet they adopted the more decided mcafure of fending all the troops they could railc, and of promifing more for the aid of Tippoo Sultaun, with a view to the exprefs objert of that Alliance, and with the fame view they difpatched his Letters to France,' and affured him that the Alliance would here be formally concluded. [ i8i ] proclamation, the propofition made to the French Government for unlimited military aid, and the declarations of the AmbafTadors prove, that it was the intention of Tippoo Sultaun to receive into his fcrvice the largeft force which he could obtain, for the purpofe of commencing a war of aggreffion againft the Compan7 in India. Having thus entered into oiFenfive and defenfive engagements with the enemy, having proceeded to collect, in conjunction with the enemy, a force openly dcftined to adt againft the poffenions of the Company, having avowed, through his public Ambaffadors, that he has complcated his preparations of war, for the exprefs purpofe of attempting the entire fubverfion of the Britifh Empire in India, and having declared, that he only waits the effectual fuccourof the French, to profecute offenfive operations, Tippoo Sultaun has violated the treaties of peace and friendfliip fubfjfting between him and the Company, and has committed an aft of diredl hoftility againft the Britifh Government in India. Before I proceed to apply the principles of the law of nations to the conduift of Tippoo Sultaun, it appeared proper to enquire, what had been the conduft of the Company towards him for lome years palt, and whether he had received any pro- vocation, to juftify or to palliate his late proceedings. Since the conclufion of the Treaty of Serlngapatam, the Britifh Governments in India have uniformly condudted themfelves towards Tippoo Sultaun, not only with the moft exaft attention to the principles of moderation, juftice, and good faith, but have endeavoured, by every pradticable means, to conciliate his confi- dence, and to mitigate his vindiftive fpirit. Some differences have occafionally arifen, with refpeft to the boundaries of his territory bordering upon the confines of our poflelTions on the Coaft of Malabar; but the records of all the Britifh Govern- ments in India will fhew, that they have always manifefled the utmoft anxiety to promote the amicable adjuftment of every doubtful or difputed point, and that Tippoo Sultaun has received the moft unequivocal proofs of the conftant difpofition of the Company to acknowledge and confirm ail his juft rights, and to remove every caufe of jealoufy which might tend to interrupt the continuance of peace. The fervants of the Company in India have not, however,' been ignorant of the implacable f'entimcnts of revenge which he has preferved, without abatement, fince the hour of his laft defeat. It has always been well underftood, that Tippoo Sultaun's refentment was not to be appeafed by any conciliatory advances on our part, nor by any other means than the recovery of his loft power, the difgrace of the Britifh arms, and the ruin of the Britifn interefls in India. With fiich views, it was expeded that he would eagerly embrace the firft fayorable occafion of ftriking a blow againft our polTefTions; and his intrigues at the Courts of Hyderabad and Poonah, together with his embafTy to Zemaum Shah (although managed with fuch a degree of caution as to avoid the appearance of direct ad:s of aggreffion) were fufficicnt indications of an hoftile mind. But none of thefs circumftances have, ? A in [ i82 J in any degree, affeded the condudt of the Company's fcrvants towards him. The correfpondence between him and the late Governor General, and the letters from Bombay on the fubjecl of the diftridt of Wynaad, furnilh ample proofs of a fincere defire to bring; that queftion to a fair ifl\ie, ^' with the confeni and knowledge of both parties," according to the tenor of the 7th article of the Treaty of Seringapatam. I appeal to the Letter which I difpatched to him, foon after my arrival in Ben- p-al, propofing an amicable adjuflment of the fame queflion, as well as of his recent claims upon certain parts of the diftridt of Coorga, for a teflimony of the pacific fpirir, which has marked my firft: commimication with him, although, perhaps, a lefs mild rcprefcntation might have been juftified, by his unwarrantable precipitation in ftationing a military force on the frontier of Coorga, before he had made any trial of the prefcribed and regular channels of negotiation. Tippoo Sultaun cannot therefore allege even the pretext of a grievance, to palliate the charafter of his recent a6ts. He has indeed alleged none, but has continually profefl'ed the moft fincere defire to maintain the relations of amity and peace with the Company. In his letters to Sir John Shore (written a fnort time before the return of the Myforean AmbafHi- dors from the Ifle of France, and received in Fort William on the 26th of April 1798, the day on which the French force landed at Mangalore) Tippoo declares, " That his friendly heart is difpofed to pay every regard to truth and juftice, " and to ftrengthen the foundations of harmony and cuncord eftabliflied between " the two States;" and he fignifies his defire, that " Sir John Shore would imprefs " Lord Mornington with a fenfe of the friendfhip and unanimity fo firmly fubfifl- " ins between the two States." o This is not the language of hoftility, nor even of difcontent. From what dif- pofition in the friendly heart of Tippoo thefe amicable profeffions have proceeded, how they are connefted with a regard to truth and juftice, or calculated to ftrengthen the foundations of harmony and concord, and to imprefs me with a fenfe of the Sulraun's friendfhip, can now admit of no queftion, fince it is now proved, that thefe letters were written at the very moment when Tippoo was in anxious expecta- tion of the hourly arrival of that military fuccour which he had folicited from the Enemy, for the exprefs purpofe of commencing a war of aggreifion againfl: the Company's pofieffions. The motive, therefore, of Tippoo Sultaun, was no other than that avowed in Us correfpondence with the Enemy, and publiftied under the eyes of his own Am- baffadors, — " an ardent defire to expel tie Britijh Nation from India." It appears highly probable, that he was inftigated by the promifes and exhor- tations of the Government of France (vvhofe emifTaries have reached his councils) t« haften the execution of a projed:, in which every confideration of intereft, and every fentiment of paffion, would induce the French to embark with a degree of zeal, ardor, and rancour, not inferior to his own. The C i8j ] The importance of thefe pofTeffions to all the mon: valuable interefts of Great- Britain, has pointed the particular attention of the Government of France to the dcfi:ru(fHon of our empire in India. The profpnity of our fettlements in India has long been the primary and undifguifed obje<51: of the jealoufy of France, avowed by all her minifters in every negotiation, and by all her rulers, in every ftage of her innumerable revolutions: Tippoo, therefore, might realonably hope, that if the cefTation of hoftilities on the Continent of Europe fliould, at any time, enable the French Direftory to turn their views to the difturbance of the peace of India, fuch an adventure would be atnongft the earlieft of their operations. The conclufion of a peace upon the Continent of Europe may have appeared, both to Tippoo and to the French, to offer a favorable opportunity for the profecu- tion of their joint defign. The premature difclolure of this defign may perhaps be imputed rather to the policy of M. Malartic, than to the imprudence of Tippoo. Whether the fcope of that policy was to involve us in a war with Tippoo, or to expofe his treachery to our view, is yet a matter of doubt; but whatever circum- ftances occafioned the premature difclofure of the defign, whether the defign was ■wifely or rafhly conceived, whether it has partially fucceeded or entirely failed, are queftions, the folution of which, in no degree, afFedts the ofFenfive nature of an aggrefTion fo unprovoked, and of a violation of faith fo flagrant and unqualified. The hiftory of the world fcarcly furniflies an inftance, in which any two Powers have united in confederacy or alliance precifely with the fame motives. The party propofing an offenfive alliance againft the Company cannot be abfolved from the confequences of fuch an aft, by any apparent or real indifference in the party ac- cepting luch a propofal : the conduft of Tippoo Sultaun, therefore, cannot be cor- reftjy effimated by reference to the fuppofed motiv'es of Monfieur Malartic. From the application of the acknowledged principles of the law of nations to the fafts of this cafe, I formed my judgment of the rights of the Company, and of my own duties. With reference to the aggreflion of Tippoo, the courfe of reafon- ing v/hich I purfued may be flated in the following manner: The rights of States, applicable to every cafe of conteft with Foreign Powers, are created and limited by the neceffity of preferving the public fafety. This necel"- fity is the foundation of the reciprocal claim of all nations to explanation of fufpi- cious or ambiguous condudt, to reparation for injuries done, and to fecurity againft injuries intended. In any of thefe cafes, when juft fatisfaftion has been denied, or from the evi- dent nature of circumflances cannot olherwile be obtained, it is the undoubted right of the injured party to refort to arms, for the vindication of the public fafetyj and in fuch a conjundture, the right of the State becomes the duty of the Govern- ment j unlefs fome material confideration of the public uicereft fhould forbid the attempt. if C 184 ] If the conduft of Tippoo Sultaun had been of a nature which could be 'termed ambiguous or fufpicious ; if he had merely increaled his force beyond his ordinary eftablilhment, or had flationed it in fome pofitlon on our confines, or on thofe of our Allies, which might juflify jealoufy or alarm ; if he had renewed his fecrec intrigues at the Courts of Hyderabad, Poonah, and Cabul, or even if he had entered into any negotiation with France, of which the object was at all obfcure, it might be our duty to refort, in the firft inftance, to his conftrudion of proceedings, which being of a doubtful charafter, might admit of a faiisfadory explanation. But where there is no doubt, there can be no matter for explanation. The act of Tippoo's Ambafladors, ratified by himfcif, and accompanied by the landing of a French force in his country, is a public, unqualified, and unambiguous declaration of war, aggravated by aa avowal, that the objedt of the war is neither explanation, reparation, nor fecurity, but the total deftrudtion of the Britifh Government in India. To affeft to mifunderfland an injury or infult of fuch a complexion, would argue a confcioulnefs, either of weakncfs or of fear ; no State in India can mifconftrue the conduct of Tippoo; the correfpondence of our refidents at Hyderabad and Poonah fufficiently manifefts the conflru6tion which it bears at both thofe Courts ; and in fo clear and plain a cafe, our demand of explanation would be juftly attributed, either to a defeft of fpirit or of power. The refult of fuch a demand would therefore be, the difgrace of our charafter, and the diminution of our influence and confideration in the eyes of our Allies, and of every Power in India. If the moment Ihould appear favorable to the execution of Tippoo's declared defign, he would anfwer fuch a de- mand by an immediate attack. If, on the other hand, his preparations (hould not be fufficiently advanced, he would deny the exiftence of his engagements with France, would perfift in his denial until he had reaped the full benefit of them, and finally, after having completed the improvement of his own army, and received the acceffion of an additional French force, he would turn the combined ftrength of both againft our pofTefTions, with an alacrity and confidence infpired by our inadtion, and with advantages redoubled by our delay. In the prefent cafe, the idea therefore of demanding explanation muft be rejefted, as being difgraceful in its principle and frivolous in its objeft. The demand of reparation, in the ftridt fenfe of the term, cannot properly be applied to cafes of intended injury, excepting in thofe inftances ■where the nature of the reparation demanded may be efTentially connected with fecu- rity againft the injurious intention. Where a State has unjuftly feized'the property, or invaded the territory, or violat- ed the rights of another, reparation may be made, by refloring what has been unjuftly taken, or by a fubfequent acknowledgment of the right which has been infringed ; but the caufe of our complamt againft Tippoo Sultaun, is not that he has feized a portion of our property which he might rcftore, or invaded a part of our territory which he might again cede, or violated a right which he might hereafter acknow- ledge ; we complain that, profeffing the niott amicable difpofition, bound by fubfift- ing treaties of peace and friendfhip, and unprovoked by any offence on our part, he , has C 1^5 ] has manifefted a dtfign to effc£t our total deftruiflion, he has prepared the means and jnftruments of a war of extermination againll us ; he has foliciied and received the aid of our inveterate enem}', for the declared purpofe of annihilating our empire ; and he only waits the arrival of a more effedtual fuccour to llrike a blow againft our exiftcncc. That he has not yet received the effedtual fuccour which he has folieited, may be afcribed cither to the weaknefs of the Government of Mauritius, or to their want of zeal in his caufe, or to the caflinefs and imbecility of his own councils ; but neither the meafure of his hoflility, not of our right to reftrain it, nor of our danger from it, are to be eftimaced by the amount of the force which he has adtually obtained ; for we know that his demands of military alTiftance were unlimited, we know that they were addreffed, not merely to the Government of Mauritius, but to that of France, and \vc cannot afcertain how foon they may be fatisfied, to the full extent of his acknow- ledged expeflations. This therefore is not merely the cafe of an injury to be repaired, but of the public fafety to be fecured againfl the prefent and future defigns of an irreconcileable, defperate, and treacherous enemy. Againft an enemy of this de- fcription, no effectual fecurity can be obtained otherwife, than by fuch a redudion of his power, as fhall not only defeat his adtual preparations, but eftablifh a permanent reftraint upon his future means of offence. N? LII. (Copy.) Letter from the Right Honorable the Governor General to the Court of Directors ; dated 3d Auguft, 1799. To the Honorable Court of Direflors for Affairs of the United Company of Mer- chants of England trading to the Eafl-Indies. Honorable Sirs, 1. My lafl: feparate letter to your Honorable Court was dated on the 6th o. June, at which period I informed you, that I was occupied in framing a general fettlement of the conquered Territories of the late Tippoo Sultaun. In this difpatch, I fhall fubmit to your Honorable Court a fummary abflrad of the principles by which my condudt has been governed in framing the fettlement, and of the means which 1 have employed for carrying it into efFeft. 2. From the juflice and fuccefs of the late war with Tippoo Sultaun, the 3 B Company [ 186 ] Company and the Nizam derived an undoubted rigTit to the difpofal of the domi- nions conquered by their united arms. This right ot conqueft entitled the Company and the Nizam to retain the whole territory in their own hands : the ceffion of any portion of it to any other party might be a confideration of policy or humanity, but could not be claimed on any ground of juflice or right. 3. The Mahrattas (whatever might have been their difpofition) having taken no fliare in the war, had forfeited every pretenfion to the advantages of the peace. The numerous progeny of Tippoo Sultacn (even if it had been poffible to adjull their feparate pretenfions to the fucceffion) could plead no tide, which had not been fuperfeded by the conqueft of the kingdom ; nor was it poffible, in eftimaiing their claims, to forget the ufurpation of Hyder Ally, and the fufferings of the unfortunate family, expelled by his crimes from the Throne of Myfore. A lineal defcendant of the ancient houfe of the Rajahs of Myfore ftill remained at Seringapatam ; but what- ever might be the hopes of his family, from the moderation and humanity of the conquerors, this young Prince could afiert no right to any fliare of the conquered territory. 4. To the free and uncontrolled exercife of the right of conqueft, thus vefted in the Company and the Nizam, no obflacle exifted in the internal ftate of the king- dom of Myfore. The whole body of the people had manifefted the moft favourable difpofition to fubmit to our authority : the Commanders of moft of the principal for- treffes had furrendered, or exprefled their readinefs to furrender to our arms ; and within a few days after the fall of Seringapatam, I was fatisfied that no difficulty would arife, from the influence of the Mahomedans introduced into Myfore under the reigns of Hyder Ally and Tippoo Sultaun. It had been the uniform policy of the latter, to deftroy every veftige of hereditary right, eftablifhed office, or territorial poffeffion among his fubjefts, and to concenter, not only the whole authority of the State, but the whole condud: of the Government, in his own perfon -, during his reign, therefore, his numerous Mahomedan Chiefs pofTefled neither individual weight nor collective force i many of them had fallen at Malavelly, Sedafere, and Seringapatam, during the courfe of the war, and moft of the furvivors, together with their families, were adually in the fortrefs of Seringapatam, fubje6ted to our difcre- tion, and confiding in the clemency of the Britifh Government, without union, fpirit, or ftrength to refill its power. The inclination and temper, both of the furviving Chiefs, and of the people, were alio moft happily difpofed to receive any new iettle- ment, which might promife to fccure them aga.inft the revival of a dclpotifm, the barbarity and caprice of which has never been furpaffcd, even by any of the Maho- medan Conquerors of India. 5. In regulating the exercife of our right of conqueft, it appeared to me that no principle could more juftly be aftumed, than that the original objeifl:s of the war fliould conftitute the bafis of the peace, and of the general fettlement of our territorial acquifitions. Thefe objeds had been repeatedly declared by the Allies to be a rea- fonable r i37 1 ibnable indemnification for our expence in the war, and an adequate fccurity againft the return of that danger, which originally provoked us to arms. 6. With a view to each of thefe jufl and necefTary objefls, it was requifite that the Company and the Nizam fliould retain a large portion of the conquered ter- ritory ; but it required much conlidemtion to determine the precife extent of that portion, as well as the juft rule of partition. The war had not been undertaken in purfuit of fchemes of conqueft, aggrandizement of territory, or augmentation of revenue. In proportion to the magnitude and lullre of our fuccefs, it became a more urgent duty to remember, that a peace, founded in the gratification of any ambitious or inordina:te view, could neither be advantageous, honorable, nor fecure. 7. The approved policy, interefts, and honor of the BritiO^ Nation, therefore^ required that the fettlement of the extenfive kingdom, fubjefted to our difpofal, fhould be formed on principles acceptable to the inhabitants of the conquered terri- tories, juft and conciliatory towards the contiguous Native States, and indulgent to every party, in any degree aifeCted by the confequences of our fuccefs. 8. To have divided the whole territory equally between the Company and the Nizam, to the exclufion of any other State, would have afforded flrong grounds of jealoufy to the Mahrattas, and aggrandized Nizam Ally's power, beyond al! bounds of difcretion. Under whatever form fuch a partition could have been made, it muft have placed in the hands of the Nizam man\ of the ftrong fortreffes on the northern frontiers of Myfore, and expofed our frontier, in that quarter, to every predatory incurfion. Such a partition would have laid the foundation of perpetual differences, not only between the Mahrattas and the Nizam, but between the Company and both thofc Powers. 9. To have divided the country into three equal portions, allowing the Mah- rattas (who had borne no part in the expence or hazard of the war) an equal fliarc with the other two branches of the Triple Alliance, in the advantages of the peace, would have been unjuft towards t'.ie Nizam and towards the Company; impolitic, as fuyjifliing an evil example to our other Allies in India, and dangerous, as affedting a confiderable aggrandizement of the Mahratta Empire, at the expence of the Com- pany and the Nizam. This mode of partition, alfo, mull have placed Chittledroog, and fome of the moft important northern fortreffes, in the hands of the Mahrattas, while the remainder of the fortreffes, in the fame line, would have been occupied by the Nizam, and our unfortified and open frontier i/i Myfore would have been expofed to the exceffes of the undifciplined troops of both Powers. 10. The Mahrattas, unquellionably, had no claim to any portion of the con- quered territory ; and any confiderable extenfion of their empire was objedfionable, efpecially when accompanied by the poffeffion of ftrong fortreffes, bordering on the line of our frontier; it was, however, defirable, to conciliate their good will, and to offer to them fuch a portion of territory, as might give ihem an intereft in the 7 new [ 188 ] new fettlement, without offence or injury to the Nizam, and without danger to the frontier of the Company's poflVflions. On tlie other hand, it was prudent to limii: the territory retained in the hands of the Company and of the Nizam, within fuch bounds of moderation, as fhould bear a due proportion to their refpeftive expences in the contL-if, and to the neceilary means of fecuring the future fafety of their lefpedive dominions. II. For the information of your Honorable Court, I have annexed to this Not received difpatch a comparative ftatement of feverat plans for the partition of Tippoo Sul- taun's dominions, drawn up under .my inftruftions, with a view to the relative in- tererts and power of the Nizam, the Mahrattas, and the Company; to the nature, produce, and geographical boundaries of the country ; and to the pofuion and ftrength of the feveral fortrefles and pafles. An attentive inveftigation of every comparative view of thefe important queftions, terminated in my decifion, that the eflablilhment of a central and feparate Government in Myfore, under the protedion of the Company, and the admiffion of the Mahrattas to a certain participation in the divifion of the conquered territory, were the expedients beft calculated to recon- cile the interelb of all parties, to fecure to the Company a lefs invidious and more efficient Ihare of revenue, refource, commercial advantage, and military ftrength, than could be obtained under any other deflribution of territory or power, and to afford the moft favorable profpecl of geneii^l and permanent tranquillity in India. 12. Having decided thefe leading principles of the new fettlement, I proceeded to determine the rule of diftribution for the refpeftive (hares of the Company, the Nizam, and the Mahrattas, to fix the motl eligible pofition for the ceffions to be made to each party, and to define the limits of the new Governrhent of iVlyfore. 13. To the Company's fhare naturally fell the province of Canara, and the dif- trift of Coimbatoor and Deramporam, with all the territory lying between your pofleffions in the Carnatic and thofe in the Malabar. Thefe acquifitions appeared the moft eligible, not only on account of their intrinfic value, in point of produce, but as fecurmg an uninterrupted track of territory, from the Coaft of Coromandel to that of Malabar, together with the entire fea coaft ot the kingdom of Myfore, and the bafe of all the taftern, weftern, and fouthern Ghauts. To thefe, I thought k necelfary to add the forts and pofts forming the heads of all the paffes above the Ghauis, and the Table Land. The poffeflion of the bafe of the Ghauts alone, formed no cffeftual barrier for the inhabitants of the low-lands againft an enemy pof- fcfTmg the funimits of thole mountains, and I therefore confidered the acquifition of all the entrances of the pafles, fituated above the Ghauts, to be an elTential objedt of ftcurity againft every poflible approach of danger from the Table Land. 'Ihis acquifition derived a further importance, in my opinion, from the means which it appeared 10 ailord, of curbing the refradory fpirit of the Poligars, and of all other turbulent ar.d dilafftftcd fubjccls in the Carnatic, and on the Coaft of Malabar; I alfo confidered the diftrifts ot Wynaad to be an ufeful poffcffion. With a view to the tranquillity [ i89 ] tranquillity of your territories on the latter Coaft. The lad addition which I deemed it neceflary to make to your fliare of the conquered dominions, confifted of the fortrefs, city, and ifland of Seringapatam, the poffeffion of which would effectually fecure the communication between your territories on both Coafts, and confolidatc all your lines of defence, in every dircdfion. 14. To the Nizam it appeared mod expedient to allot the diftrifts of Gooty, of Gurrumcondah, bordering on the cefiions which he acquired by the Peace of 1792, together with a traft of country, the frontier of which fhould be drawn nearly along the line of Chittledroog, Sera, Nundidroog, and Kolar, leaving how- ever thofe fortrefles to the fouthvvard, to form the frontier of the new Government of Myfore. Nizam Ally certainly could not aflert any juft claim to an equal parti- cipation with the Company in the advantages of the peace. The operation of the 6th article of the Treaty of Pangul, refpedling an equal diviaon of conquefts, was limited to the war, which terminated in 1792. Since the Peace of Seringapatam, the loth is the only article of the Treaty of Pangul, which can be confidered to continue in force; and no fubfequent engagements had been contraded with Nizam Ally, which could entitle him to any advantage in the prefent peace, exceeding his relative proportion in the expences and exertions of the allied Force during the late war. It was, however, defirable, that the territorial revenue retained in fove- reignty by the Company (after deduding whatever charges might be annexed to the tenure) fliould not exceed Nizam Ally's proportion, and accordingly I determined that this principle (hould be obferved in the partition, referving however to the Company, as a juft indemnification for their fuperior Ihare in the expences and ex- ertions of the war, the principal benefit of whatever advantages might flow from any engagements to be contraiVed wiTh the new Government of Myfore. 15. For the Mahrattas, I refolved to referve a portion of territory, the reve- nues ot which fhould not exceed two-thirds, nor fall (hort of one-half of the portions retained in fovercignty by the Nizam and the Company refpedively. Confidering that any ceffion to the Pefhwa muft be viewed as a matter of favor, it appeared to me, that the fhare to be allotted to him was amply fufficient : it would contain Harponelly, Soonda above the Ghauts, Annagoody, part of the diftridt of Chittle- droog, part of Bednore above the Ghauts, and other diftridls; but the frontier for- trefles of Chittledroog and Bednore would remain for the protedfion of the new Government of Myfore. I alfo determined, that no portion of territory fhould be ceded to the Pcfliwa, unconditionally, and that the ceflion fhould form the bafis of a new treaty with the Mahratta Empire. 16. The territory remaining unoccupied by this plan of partition, would be bounded to the northward by a ftrong line of hill forts and pofts, forming a power- ful barrier towards the fouthern frontiers of Nizam Ally and of the Mahrattas, from Punganoor, on the line of the eaftern, to Bednore, on the line of the weftcrn Ghauts, and would be entirely furrounded to the eaft, weft, and fouth, by the territories of 3 C the C ^90 ] the Company, above and below the Ghauts ; the Company alfo holding the fort of Seringapatam, in the centre of the Table Land. 17. The ncctffity now occurred of determining in what hands the new Go- vernment of My fore Ihould be placed ; and although no pofitive right or title to the throne cxitted in any party, it leemed expedient that my choice fliould be made, between the pretenliops of the family of Tippoo Sultaun, and thofe of the ancient houfe of the Rajahs of Myfore. 18. The claims of humanity on both fides, rendered the decifion a painful and ungracious tall. No alternative remained, but to depofe the Dynafty which I found upon the throne, or to confirm the Mahommedan Ufurpation, and with it the perpetual exckifion and degradation of the legitimate Hindoo Sovereigns of the countries. The ulurpation, although not fandtioned by remote antiquity, had fubfiftcd for fuch a length of time, as to have nearly extinguifhed the hopes of the Hindoo family, and accuftomed them to the humility of their fortune, while the fons cf Tippoo Sultaun, born in the ftate of royalty, and educated with the proudefb and mod exalted expeflations of fovereignty and power, would be propoitionably fenfible to the fudden change of their condition, and to the unexpefted difappoint- ment of their fplendid profpedts. In this view of the fubjtft, it would have been more grateful to my mind (fecuring a munificent provifion for the ancient family of Myfore) to have rcflored that of Tippoo Sultaun to the throne, if fuch a re- lloration could have been accomplifhed, without expofing Myfore to the perpetual hazard of internal commotion and foreign war, and without endangering the ftability of the intended fettlement of your interefts, and thofe of your Allies, in this quarter of India. 19. Since the Peace of S«ringapatam, and more efpecially fince the year 1796, the deftrud'ion of the Britifh Power in India has formed the favorite and unremitting objeft of Tippoo Suitaun's hopes and exertions. His haughty mind never could be reconciled to the facrifices which he was compelled to make, for the purchafe of peace in 1792, and his increafing eagernefs to recover the extenfive portion of his dominions, then ceded to the Allies, urged him to purfuc a fyftematic courfe of intrigue againft the Britifh Power among all the Native States, and to r«vcrt to his ancient and hereditary connexion with France, as the only effectual means of gratifying either his ambition or revenge. 20. The proofs which I had obtained, previous to the war, of the nature and objefts of his machinations, were fufHcient to fatisfy my judgment : they have fince been corroborated, by the voluminous records difcovered in the Palace at Seringa- patam. It is now inconteftible, that Tippoo Suitaun's thoughts were perpetually intent upon the ruin of the Britifh Power, that he trufted to have accomplifhed our expulfion, by inftigating the French to invade India, and that he profecuted I this [ 191 ] this unalterable purpofe, with all the zeal and ardor of paffionate refentment and vindidlive hate, as well as with the fteadinefs of a deliberate maxim of ftate. 2 1. Perhaps the mod wife policy which Tippoo Sultaun could have purfued, would have been to have refted (litisfied with the dominions remaining in his hands, after the peace of 1792; but a policy of fo moderate and pacific a Ipirit, being utterly incompatible with the impetuofity of his temper, and with the military charafter of his Government, it might be at leaft a matter of rational fpeculation, whether a clofe alliance with France (however dangerous in its remote confequenccs) was not his true intereft, in the actual ftate of his immediate views and purfuits. The poflefTion of his loft dignity, wealth, and power, could not be recovered, with- out the conqueft of a great part of the Company's territories, nor effectually fecured, without the total fubverfion of the Britilh interclls in India. A French army was the only inftrumcnt, by which fuch an enterprize could be attempted. An alliance with France was therefore the necellary confequence of Tippoo Sultaun's reftlefs, but natural defire, to reftore his Empire to its former fplendor and lirength. In addition to his correfpondence with the French at Tranquebar, with thofe at the Ifle of France, and with the Executive Directory at Paris, his embaffy to Zemaa Shah, his intrigues at Poonah and Hyderabad, and his correfpondence with Mr. Raymond, (all which tranfadlions appear diftindly in the records difcovered at Seringapatam), furnifh abundant evidence, that his antipathy to the Englifh was the ruling paflion of his heart, the main fpring of his policy, and the fixed and fundamental principleof his councils and government. 22. The heir of Tippoo Sultaun muft have been educated in the fame princi- ples, encouraged to indulge the fiime prejudices and paffions, and inftrufted to forra the fame views of the interefls and honor of the Throne of Myfore. Thefe fenti- ments would neceffarily acquire additional force in his mind, from the iffue of the late war. Our unexampled fuccefs had fubverted the foundations of his Father'* empire, and transferred to our poflTeflion, every fource of the civil or military power of Myfore ; and placed on the Throne by our favor, and limitted by our control, he muft have felt himfelf degraded to a ftate of humiliation and weaknefs fo abjeft, as no Prince of fplrit would brook. Under fuch an arrangement, our fafety would have required us to retain, at leaft, all the territory which we now hold by the Par- tition Treaty of Myfore. Whatever we retained, muft have been conlidered by this Prince as a new ufurpation upon his royal inheritance, and an additional pledge of his degradation and difgrace. In proportion to the redudtion of his territory and refources, he would have had lefs to lofe, and more to regain, in any ftruggle for the recovery of his Father's empire; nor does it feem unrcafonable to fuppole, that the heir of Hyder Ally and Tippoo Sultaun, animated by the implacable fpirit and bold example of his parents, and accuftomcd to the commanding profpeCt of inde- pendent fovereignty, and to the fplendour of military glory, might deliberately hazard the remnant of his hereditary poliUlions, in purfuit of fo proud an objed, as C '9^ ] 35 the recovery of that vaft and powerful empire, which for many years had ren- dered his anceftors the fcourge of the Carnatic, and the terror of this quarter of India. 23. In the moft narrow view of the fiibjedt, it muft be admitted, that the Son of Tippoo Sukaun mull; have felt a perpetual intereft in the fubverfion of any Settlement of Myfore, founded oii a partition of his Father's dominions, and a limita- tion of his own independence. If, therefore, a Prince of this race had been placed on the Throne of Myfore, the foundation of the new fettlement would have been laid in the very principle of its own diflblution. With fuch a Prince, no fincere alliance, no concord of fentiment, or union of views, could ever have been efta- blifhed: the appearance of amity or attachment muft have been delufive; even his fubmiffion muft have been reluftant, if not treacherous; while all his interefts, his habits, prejudices, and paffionf, his vices, and even his virtues, muft have con- curred to cherifli an irreconcileable averfion to our name and power, and an eager defire to abet the caufe, and to exafperate the animofity, and to receive the aid of every enemy of the Britifli Nation. Whatever degree of influence or ftrength might have been left to the Native Government of Myfore, in fuch hands, would always have been thrown into the fcale oppofed to their interefts. The hoftile power of Myfore would have been weakened, but not deftroyed: an Enemy would have ftill remained in the centre of your poffelTions, watching every occafion to repair the mif- fortunes of his fam.ily, at their expence, and forming a point of union, for the machinations of every difcontented faftion in India, and for the intrigues of every emifiary of the French. 24. Under thefe circumftances, the fame anxiety for the fecurity and repofe of your poffeffions, which originally compelled me to reduce the power of Tippoo Sultaun, now appeared to require, that I Ibould provide effeflually againft the revi- val, in any degree, of a fimilar danger in the perfon of his Son. 25. On the other hand, the reftoration of the defcendant of the ancient Rajahs of Myfore was recommended, by the fame courfe of reafoning which excluded the heir of the Ufurpation. 26. The indignities which the depofed family of Myfore had fuffered, efpeci- ally during the cruel and tyrannical reign of Tippoo Sultaun, and the ftate of degra- dation and mifery to which they had been reduced, muft naturally excite a fentiment of gratitude and attachment in their minds, towards that Power which fhould not only deliver them from opprelTion, but raife them to a ftate of confiderable affluence and dillinction. Between the Britifh Government and this family, an intcrcourfe of fricndftiip and kindncfs had fubfifted; in the moft defperate crifis of their adverfe fortune, they had formed no connexion ivith your enemies. Their elevation would be the Ipontaneous ad of your generolity, and from your fupport alone, could they ever hope .to be maintained upon the Throne, either againft the family of Tippoo Sukaun, [ 193 3 Sultaun, or againft any other claimant. They muft naturally view, with an eye of jealoufy, all the friends of the ufurping family, and confequently be advcrfe to the French, or to any State conneded with that family, in its hereditary hatred of the Britifh Government. The heir of the Rajah of Mylbre, if placed on the Throne, muft feel that his continuance in that ftation depended on the ftability of the new fettlement in all its parts -, it muft therefore be his intereft to unite, with cordiality and zeal, in every effort ncceffary to its harmony, efficiency, and vigour. The effeft of fuch an arrangement of the affairs of Myfore would not be limited to the mere deftrurtion of the hoftile power which manaced our fafety : in the place of that power, would be fubftituted one whofe interefts and refources might be abfolutely identified with our own; and the kingdom of Myfore, fo long the fource of cala- mity or alarm to the Cainatic, might become a new barrier of our defence, and might fupply frefli means of wealth and ftrength to the Company, their fubjefts, and Allies. 27. In addition to thefe, motives of policy, moral confiderations, and fenri- ments of generofity and humanity, favoured the reftoration of the ancient family of Myfore. Their high birth, the antiquity of their legitimate title, and 1 heir long and unmerited fufferings, rendered them peculiar objefls of compaflion and refpecfl: ; nor could it be doubted, that their Government would be both more acceptable and more indulgent than that of the Mahomedan Ufurpers, to the mafs of the inhabitants of the country, compofcd almoft entirely of Hindoos. 28. Thefe confiderations induced me to adopt the refolution of preferring the defcendantof the Rajahs of Myfore to the Heir of Tippoo Sultaun. 29. 1 determined, at the fame time, to grant to the families of Hyder Aly and Tippoo Sultaun, a more munificent maintenance than either had enjoyed during; the late reign, and to provide with the fame liberalitv for all the Mahomedan Officers and Chiefs of the State, who had furvived the Sultaun, and for the families of all thofc who had fallen in the courfe of the war. 30. For the accomplifhment of a fettlement founded on the principles which I have had the honor to detail to your Honorable Court in the preceding parasraphs, I ifl"ued a fpecial commiflion, on the 4th of June, appointing Lieutenant General yije Fndo- Harris, the Honorable Colonel Wellefley, the Honorable Henry Wellefley, Lieutenant lure, N? i. Colonel William Kirkpatrick, and Lieutenant Colonel Barry Clofe, Commillioners for affairs of Myfore, with the ample powers fpecified in the commiffion ; and I named Captains Malcolm and Munro to be Secretaries, and Mr. Golding and Lieutenant Charles Pafley, Affiftant Secretaries to the Commiffion. As the favorable Hate ot the country had rendered my prefence at Seringapatam unneccliary, I accompanied the Commiffion with Inftruftions, direCling the Conimiffioners to proceed, without delay, 'y\^e Enclo- to lay the foundations of the new arrangement ; and for the purpofe of precluding ime, IS?!, the intrigues of the Natives, and of all the great interefts which were in fufpence, I enjoined the Commiffioners and their Sccreta:ies to take an o.uh of fecrecy, in 2 D order [ 194 ] order that no part of my plan might tranfpire, until the arrangements for its accom- plilhment had been completed. 31. The Commiffioners affem.bled at Seringapatam on the 8th June, and Vide Fncio- under my inflrudtions, the firfl; ftep taken by them was to make provifion for the fure,N?3&4. furviving Officers and Chiefs of the late Sultaun, and for the families of thofe llain during the campaign, the particulars of this arrangement will appear in the letter of ^f"''^ n"°'"" ^^^ CommifTioners of the 12th June, an extrad of which is annexed to this dif- " ' ' ^' patch. I am happy to inform vour Honorable Court, that this meafure produced the mod ialutaiy efTed:, in tranquillizing the minds of the principal Mahomei^ans remaining in Myfcre, and in placing the clemency and generofity of the Britifli Go- vernment in the moft confpicuous and honorable light. It was determined, that Meer Kummer ud D> en fhould be fettled at Gurruqiconclah, with a Jahgire from the Nizam, ant! another from the Company. This arrangement having been concluded, Kummer i.d Deea departed from Seringapatam on the 19th June, with tnany expref- fions of gratitude towards the Company's Government. The Brahmin, Purneah, who had been the principal financial minifter of the late Sultaun, having given fatisfadlory proofs of his readinefs to ferve the new Government in the fame capacity, it was determined that he Ihould be appointed Dewan to the young Rajah of Myfore. 32. The next proceeding of the Commiffioners, in purfuance of my diredions, was to undertake the painful, but necefTary taik, of removing the families of Hyder Ally and Tippoo Sultaun from Seringapatam to the Carnatic. The details of this Y'^^ ^o^t" proceeding will appear in the letter from the Commiffioners of the 19th of June. I had '^ ' ' ' previoufly given orders that the fortrefs of Vellore fhould be prepared for the recep- tion of the families ; and I had appointed Lieutenant Colonel Doveton to the com- mand of that fortrefs, and had alfo entrufted him with the payment of the ftipends allotted to both families, diredting him to fpare no reafonable expence in providing for their accommodation, on a fcale fuitable to their former rank and expedtations. The four Princes, Futteh Hyder, Abdul Kawlik, Moyen-o-Deen, and Mohu-o-Deen, with their families, arrived at Vellore on the 12th of July : They expreffed their Jatisfaftion in the accommodations provided for them. The remainder of th-e families of Hyder Ally and Tippoo Sultaun, will be removed asfoon as may be prac- ticable. 33- Previoufly to the departure of the Princes from Seringapatam, the Com- miffioners had cautioufly abftained from all intercourfe with the family of the R.ijah of Myfore ; but as foon as the four elder Sons of the late Sultaun had left the capital. Vide Enclo- the Commiffioners paid a vifit to the young Rajah, whom they found, with others of fur-, N? 7, his perfecuted family, in a condition of poverty and humiliation, which excited the *< 7 A. flrongeft emotions of compaffion. It was determined to fix the refidence of the Rajah in the ancient town of Myfore, as being the moft eligible fituation for the feat of his Government, 34. On [ ^95 ] 34« On the 5rh of June, I had ^umifhed the Commidloners with the firlL draft of a treaty between the Compinv ariu His Highn fs the Nizam, for the partition of Myfore ; and having received the fulicil; ccTimunication of their fentiments, and of thoie of Meer Allum, on the fu')ietl, 1 made fuch alterations as appeared to be advifable. On the 22d June, this treaty was execuied by the Commiffiontrs and Meer All'jm, at Seringapatam, and ratified bv me, in Council, at Fort Sc. George, on the 2f'th of the faipc month, and bv His H'ghnefs th^- N'izim, ac Hvicrabad, on the 1 3th July. It IS annexed to this difparch, under the tith of '■ The Partition Treaty y. . ^ ^ of Myfore," and is accompanied by a Memorial, explanatory of its feveral provifior.s, jjre, k? 3 the fubftance of which, however, 1 have already had the honor to fubmic to you, in & 9. the preceding paragraphs of this letter. 1 have alfo added, for the information of your Honorab'e Court, a map of the Partition of .the 22d of Jane 1799, conltruftcd by Captain Mackenzie, and feveral documents relating to the revenues of Myfore, fumifhed by Captain Macleod from the records at Seringapatam, together with a tnap conftrufted by Captain Marriott, containing a view of the new divifion of the fure^N°"^o country lately introduced by Tippoo Sultaun. toN? 14. Vide Enclo- 35. On the 3och of June, the Rajah of Myfore was formally placed on the Mufnud by the Commifiioners, affifted by Meer Allum. The letter of the Commif- fioncrs, containing an account of this intereiling and affcfting ceremony, is annexed fure"" nT'i c7 to this difpatch. 36. On the 8th of June, I had forwarded to the Commifiioners the firft draft of the Subfidiary Treaty to be concluded" between the Company and the Rajah of Myfore. After an ample difcufTion with the CommifTioners (who had communicated the whole arrangement to the Brahmin, Purneah, and conciliated his co operation) and alter the adoption of feveral alterations, this treaty was executed in the fortrefs of Nuzzerbah, near Seringapatam, by the Commiffioners, and certain proxies on the part of the young Rajah, on the 8th of Julv, and ratified by me, in Council, on the 23d July, under the title ot " The Subfidiary Treaty of Seringapatam :" It forms N ? Vide Endo- of the papers annexed to this difpatch. Although the treaty is accompanied by an f"'"'. ^'? 16. explanatory Memorial, I fhall, in this place, requefl the attention of your Honorable y^^^ p. . Court, to the main principle upon which its flipulations ate founded. fui-e^ ^o 17, 37. In framing this engagement, it was my determination to eft:ab!ifh the moft unqualified community of interefts between the Government of Myfore and the Com- pany, and CO render the Rajah's northern frontier, in effed:, a powerful link of our fence. With this view, I have engaged to undertake the protection of his country in confideration of an annual fubfidy of feven lacks of flar pagodas; but recolledting the inconveniencies and embarraffments which have arifen to ail parties concerned, wnder the double Governments and conflicting authorities, unfortunately eftabliflied in Oude, the Carnatic, and Tanjore, I relblved to rcferve to the Company the rnoit extenfive and indifputable powers of interpofuion in the inttrnal aflairs of My lore,. as well as an unlimited right ot affuming tlitjdired managcnatnt of the country, and 4 of C »9S ] of requiring extraordinary aid, beyond the amount of the fixed fubfidy, either in time of war, or of preparation forhoftility. 38. Under this arrangement, I truft that I fliall be enabled to command the whole refources of the Rajah's territory, to improve its cultivation, to extend its commerce, and to fecure the welfare of its inhabitants. It appeared to me a more candid and liberal, as well as a more wife policy, to apprize the Rajah diftindtly, at the moment of his acceflion, of the exa6b nature of his dependence on the Company, than to leave any matter for future doubt or difcuffion. The right of the Company to eftablifh fuch an arrangement, either as affeding the Rajah or the Allies, has already been ftated in this difpatch. 39. I entertain a fanguine expefhation, that the Rajah and his Minifters, being fully apprized of the extenfive powers referved to the Company, will chearfully adopt luch regulations, as fhall render the aftual exercife of thofe Powers unneceffary. Much indulgence will be required at the commencement of the new Government; and it is my intention to abftain from any prefTure upon the Rajah's finances, which by embarraffing them, might tend to the impoverilhment of the country, and to the diftrefs of the people. 40. Soon after the enthronement of the Rajah, the Brahmin, Purneah was appointed by the Commiflioners to be His Highnels' Dewan. 41. The eminent talents and integrity of Lieutenant Colonel Clofe, added to his extraordinary fkill in the country languages, and to his experience in the manners, culloms, and habits of the Natives of India, induced me to feleft him, for the im- portant charge of Refident with the Rajah of Myfore; he was accordingly appointed to that office, immediately after the Subfidiary Treaty of Seringapatam had been iigned ; and the Commi/Tion was then dillolved, on the of July. 42. Although your Honorable Court will perceive, in the Commiffion, the names of two perfons of whofe merits it may be difficult for me to form an impartial judg- ment, I feel ir to be my duty to recommend the condudt of the CommifTioners to your moll: public and diftinguidied approbation. 43. The conckilion, within one month, of two treaties, fo extenfive in their confequences and complicated in their details, together with all the fubordinate ar- rangements connefted with this important icttlement, will appear a more extraor- dinary effort of diligence and ability, when it is remarked, that reference was necefTa- rily made to me at Fort St. George, in every flage of the bufinefs. It will alfo be la:isfa(ftory to your Honorable Court to obferve, that the whole arrangement has been condiided , at Seringapatam, with a fpint of humanity and liberality, which cannot fail to eonciliate the good-will of the inhabitants of Myfore. 44. The comp.i?.nd of Seringapatam will remain in the hands of Colonel Wel- lefley. C 197 ] lefley. It is a truft of great delicacy and importance, which it is my duty to re- pofe in a perfon of approved military talents and integrity, and to fuperintend with peculiar vigilance and care. 45. Although I fhall deem it prudent to detain the army in the field for a ftiort period of time, I have the fatisfaftion to afTure your Honorable Courr, that far the greater part of the dominions of the late Tippoo Sultaun is now in a ftate of perfect tranquillity. 46. A detachment of the army of Bombay took poflcfTion of Mangalorc on the 4th of June ; and the Province of Canara, with the exception of the fortrefs of Jemaulabad, appeared difpofed to fubmit chearfully to our authority. I have little doubt, that the commanding officer of Jemaulabad will foon be induced to furrender to the Company's arms : in any event, however, he will be reduced, without diffi- culty : in this confidence, a Colleftor has been appointed for the province of Canara. 47. The remainder of the Territory allotted to the Company in Coimbatoor has paffed into our hands without any difficulty, and Colledlors have been appointed for the ad miniftration of the revenue. The fort of Gurumcondah is in the pofTeffion of his Highnefsthe Nizam, and thofe of Sera and Chittkdroog are now garrifoned by the Britifh troops. Some difturbances have taken place in Bednore, in which province an adventurer had affembled a banditti, which had diftreffed the inhabitants of the country. A divifion of the army being now on its progrefs towards Bednore, I have every reafon to expeft that the commotions in that quarter will fpeedily be quelled. I have the honor to be, &c. &c. Fort St. George, 3d Auguft, 1799. (Signed) Mornington. (N? I.) — Commission for Mysore ; dated <:jth June, 1799. Endofure in N? LII. Richard, Earl of Mornington, &c. &c. &c. Governor General for all the Forces and ARairs of the Britifh Nation in India, to all whom thefe Prefents fhall come, greeting : "Whereas the glorious fuccefs of the Britirti and Allied Arms in Myfore, under the favour of Providence, has reduced the territories of the late Tippoo Sultaun to the joint power and authority of the Honorable theEnglifli Eaft-India Company, and of his Highnefs the Soubah of the Deccan, their Friend and Ally ; and whereas his faid Highnefs has given full power and authority to the Right Honorable Richard, 3 E Earl [ 198 ] EnMofure in Earl of Mornington, Governor General for all the Forces and Affairs of the Britidi N? LII. Nation in India, to conduft and order the interefts of his Highnefs in the faid po(- feffions, and to conclude fuch an arrangement thereof, as ftiali appear to his Lordfhip to be moft expedient for the fccurity and welfare of the country, and for the common benefit of the Allies ; now know ye, that for the more fpeedy conclufion of fuch a falutary arrangement, and for the reftoration of order and tranquillity, bv the fettle- ment of the faid conquered territories, I, the faid Richard, Earl of Mornington, Governor General, asaforefaid, do hereby conftitute, nomina'^e, and appoint^ Lieu- tenant General GeorgeHarris, the Honorable Colonel Arthur Wellefley, the Honor- able Henry Wellefley, Lieutenant Colonel William Kirkpatrick, Lieutenant Colo- nel Barry Ciofe, or any three or more of them, to be Commiffioners for the fettlement of the territories io recently conquered from the faid Tippoo Sultaun, and to be and be ftyled Commiflioners for tl?e Affairs of Myfore, with full powers to negotiate and conclude, in my name, all fuch treaties, and to make and ifTue all fuch temporary and provifional regulations, for the ordering and management of the civil and mili- tary Government, and of the revenues of the faid territories, as may be neceflary for the immediate adminiftration and fettlement thereof: The faid Commiflioners to be, neverthelefs, fubjed to fuch orders and inftructions as they ihall, from time to lime, receive from me, and regularly to report their proceedings to me, keeping an exaft diary, or daily record thereof, under the fignature of one of their Secretaries. And I do hereby empower the f^id Commiflioners to hold their meetings at fuch places, either within the territories of the late Tippoo Sultaun, or elfewhere, as they ihall judge moft convenient, and to adjourn, ifrom time to time, and to change the place of their meeting, according to the exigency of the public fervice. And I authorize and dired: the faid Commifl"ioners to communicate, from time to time, with Meer AUum Bahauder, touching the objedts of this Commifl!ion. And I nominate and appoint Captain Malcolm and Captain Munro to be Secretaries, and Mr, Edward Gelding to be Afliftant Secretary to the faid CommifEon, during my pleafure. And before the faid Commiflioners, or any of them, fliall proceed to aft in the execution of any of the powers or trufts vefted in them by this Com- miffion, fave only the power of adminiftering the oath herein-after mentioned, he or they fliall fcverally take and fubfcribe the following oath ; that is to fay : I, A. B. do faithfully promife and fwear, that as aCommiflSoner for the Affairs of Myfore, I will execute the feveral powers and trufts repofed in me, according to the beftof my fltill and judgment, without favor or affedlion, prejudice or malice, to any perfon whatever. I will not difclofe or make known any of the orders or inftructions which fhall be tranfmitted to me, or to the faid Commiflioners, by the Governor General, or by his order, or any of the proceedings of the faid Commif- lioners, fave only to the other Members of this Commiflion, or to the perfon or perfons who fliall be duly nominated and employed in tianfcribing or preparing the fame, refpecffively, or in recording the proceedings of the laid Commiflioners, or unlals I .(hall be authorized by the Governor General to difclofe or make known the fapie. r »99 ] fame. I do further promife and fwear, that I will not demand, take, or accept, ^^^°^^*"^ diredlly or indireflly, by myfclt or by any other perfon, for my ofe or on my be- half, or on the behulf or for the ufe of any other perfon, any fum of money, or other valuable thing by way of gift, prrfent, or otherwife -, and that to the Go- Ternor Gtneral in Council 1 will juiljy and truly account for, nnlwer, and pay, all the rents dut'cs, and other revenues, and fujrs of money, which (haM come to my hands, or to the hands of any perfon or perfons in truft for, or employed by me, in execution of the powers and authorities veiled in the faid Commifiioners by the faid Governor General. So help me God. Which oath, any two of the faid Commiffioners fnall, and are hereby em- powered to adminifter to the others of them. And the laid oath fliall be entered by one of the Secretaries to the Commiflion amongft the afts of the Board, and be duly fubfcribed and attefted by the faid Commiffioners, at the time of their taking and adminiftering the fame to each other, refpeaivrly : and the feveral Se- cret.irifs, and other Oflicers of the faid Board of Commiffioners, fhali alfo take and fubfcribe, before the faid Board, fuch oath of fecrecy, and for the execution of the duties of their refpedtive flations, and the integrity of their conduct therein, as the faid Board Ihall direft. And when any three of the faid Com.miffioners fhali have taken the oath, they fhali immedi.itely conftitute a Board, and proceed to aft under the Commiffion. And I do hereby empower and direft the faid Commiffioners to take charge and render an exad: account to me, of all fuch public property as has been, or (hall be found, within the territories of the late Tippoo Sultaun, and alfa to collcfl: and bring to account, all fuch arrears of revenue, and all fuch fums of money, as were due to the Sircar on the 4th of May 1799, or have, or (hall become due to the Government of the Allies, from and after that dr.y. Provided always, that this order (hail not be conftrued to prevent or impede the diftribution among the Allied Army, of the prize taken in the fort of Seringapatam on the 4th May, according to the general order iffued by the Governor General in Council, under date the : and provided alfo, that nothing contained in this Commiffion fhali be deemed to preclude the right of the captors of any fort or place, taken on or before the faid 4th day of May 1799, to obtain from the Commiffioners an attelled account of the public property contamed therein, io order that the claims of all fuch captors tnay be heard and determined by the Governor General in Council, or by the Honorable the Court of Dircftors, or by His Majefty in Council, according to the nature of the cafe. And I do hereby authorize and direft the faid Commiffioners, immediately upon entering on their duties under this Com- miffion, to i flue a proclamation, notifying the rcftorati n of tranqudlity, and pro- mifing to all the inhabitants of the territories of the late Tippoo Sultaun, fecurity of perfon and of private property, encouraging them to rcfum.e their ordinary oc- cupations, under the proteftion of the Allies. And I further dirc^7o Article 2. For the fame reafon ftated in the preceding article, the diftrifts fpecified in the Schedule B,, annexed hereunto, ftiall be fubjcfted to the authojity, and for ever united with, the dominions of the Nabob Nizam ud Dowlah Afoph Jah Behauder, the iaid Nabob having engaged to provide liberally, from the revenues of the faid dif- tridts, for the fupport of Meer Kuinmer ud Deen Bchander, and of his family and relations, and to grant him, for this purpofe, a perfonal Jaghire in the diftridl of Gurrumcondah, equal ro the annual fum of Rupees 2,10,000, or of Canteria Pagodas 70,000,, over and above, and exclufive of a Jaghire, which the faid Nabob has alfo agreed to aflign to the faid Meer Kummer ud Deen Khan, for the pay and mainte- nance C 213 3 nance of a proportionate number of troops, to be employed in tlie fervice of liis faid Highnefs, making the fliare of his Highnefs as follows: Eftimated value of the territory fpeci6ed in Schedule B, according to the ftatement of Tippoo Sultaun in 1792, . . - _ . 6,07,332 Dedudl perfonal Jaghire to Meer Kummer ud Dien Khan, Rupees 2,10,000, or Canteria Pagodas .--.,. 70,000 Remains to the Nabob Nizam ud Dowlah Afqph Jah Behauder, - 5>37>33^ Article 3. It being further expedient, for the prefervation of peace and tranquillity, and for the general fecurity on the foundations now eftablifhed by the contrading parties, that the fortrefs of Seringapatam (hould be fubjecled to the faid Company Behauder, it is ftipulated and agreed, that the faid fortrefs, and the ifland on which it is iituated/including the fmall trad: of land or ifland lying to the weflward of the main ifland, and bounded on the weft by a Nullah called the Myfore Nullah, which falls into the Cavery nearChungul Ghaut) Ihall become part of the dominions of the faid Company, in full right and fovereignty for ever. Article 4. A fcparate Government (hall be eftabliflied in Myfore-, and for this purpofe it is ftipulated and agreed, that Maha Rajah Myfore Kiftna Rajah Oodiavcr Behauder, a defcendant of the ancient Rajahs of Myfore, (hail pofTefs the territory hereinaftcr- defcribcd, upon the conditions hereinafter mentioned. Article 5. The contrading powers mutually and feverally agree, that the diftrids fpecified in Schedule C, hereunto annexed, (hall be ceded to the faid Maha Rajah Myfore, upon the conditions herein after-mentioned. Article 6. The Englifh Eaft-India Company Bahauder, fhall be at liberty to make fuch dedudion, from time to time, from the funis allotted by the firft atticle of the pre- fent treaty, for the maintenance of the family of Hyder Ally Khan and Tippoo Sultaun, as may be proper, in confequence of the deceafe of any member of the laid families ; and in the event of any hoftile attempt, on the part of the laid family, from any member of it, againft the authority of the contrading parties, or againlt the peace of their refpedive dominions, or the territory of the Rajah of Myfore, then the faid Englifti Eart-India Company Behauder (hail be at liberty to limit, or fuf- pend entirely, the payment of the whole, or any part of the iVipcnd, herein before ftipulated to be applied to the maintenance and fupport of the faid families. 2 I Article 7. [ 214 ] Article 7. His Higbhefs the Pefhwa, Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder, fhall be invited to accede to the prefcnt treaty ; and although the faid Peflivva Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder, has neither participated in the expence or danger of the late war, and therefore is not entitled to fhare any pert of tlie acquifitions made bv the contracting parties (namely, the Englilh Eaft-India Company Bahauder and His Highnefs the Nabob Nizam i:d Dowlah Afoph Jah Bahauder) yet for the maintenance of the relations of friendfliip and alliance between the faid Pclliwa Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder, the Englilh Eaft-India Company Bahauder, His Highnels the Nabob Nizam ud Dowlah Albph Jah Bahauder, and ' Maha Kajah Myf )or Kifhnarajah Bahauder, it is ilipulated and agreed, that certain diftrifts, fpecified in Schedule D, hereunto annexed, (hall be refcrved for the purpofe of being eventually ceded to the faid Pefhwah Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder in full right and fovereignty, in the fame manner as if he had been a contrafting party to this treaty : provided, however, that the faid Pelhwa Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder Ihall accede to the prefent treaty, in its full extent, within one month from the day on which it fball be formally communicated to him by the contrafting parties, and provided alfo that he fhali give fatisfaftion to the Englifh Eaft-India Company Bahauder, and to His Highnefs the Nabob Nizam ud Dowlah Afoph Jah Bahauder, with regard to certain points now depending between him the faid Pefhwa Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder and the faid Nabob Nizam ud Dowlah Afoph Jah Bahauder, and alfo with regard to fuch points as fhall be reprefenttd to the laid Pefhwa, on the part of the Englifli Eaft-India Company Bahauder, by the Governor General or the Englilh Refident at the Court of Poonah. , Article 8. If, contrary to the amicable expedlation of the contrading parties, the faid Pelhwa Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder fhall refufe to accede to this treaty, or to give fatiifadtion upon the points to which the feventh article refers, then the right to and fovereignty of the feveral diftricls, herein-before refervtd for eventual cef- iion to the Pefhwa Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder, fhall reft jointly in the faid Englidi Eaft-India Company Bahauder, and the faid Nabob Nizam ud Dowlah Afuph Jah Bahauder, who will either exchange them with the Rajah of Myfore, for other diftrifts of equal value, moie contiguous to their refpedfive territories, or otherwife arrange and fettle refpeding them, as they fhall judge proper. Article 9. It being expedient, for the effeftual cftal^lifhment of Maha Rajah Myfoor Kifh- narajah in the Government of Myfore, that His Highnefs Ihould be aftilled with a fuitablc fubfidiary force, it is ftipulated and agreed, that the whole of the faid force Ihall be furniflied by the Englilh Eaft-India Company Bahauder, according to the terms of a leparate treaty, to be immediately concluded between the faid Englifb 4 Eaft" C ^H 3 Eaft-India Company Bahauder and His Highnefs the Maha Rajah Myfoor Kiflms Rajah Oodeaver Bahauder. Article lo. This treaty, confining of ten articles, being fettled and concluded, this day, the 22d of June 1799 (correfponding with the 17th of Moliurrum, 1214 anr^o Higeree) by Lieucenant General Harris, the Honorable Colonel Arthur Weileney, the Ho- norable Henry Wellefley, Lieutenant Colonel William Kirkpatrick, and Lieutenant Colonel Barry Clofe, on the part and in the name of the Right Honorablr Richard Earl of Mornington, Governor General aforefaid, and by Meer Allum Bahau- der, on the part, and in the name of His Highnefs the Nabob Ni,:ain ud Dow- lah Aloph Jah Bahauder, the faid Lieutenant General Harris, the Honorable Colonel Arthur Wellefiey, the Honorable Henry Welleil'y, Lieutenant Colonel William Kirkp-itrick, and Lieutenant Colonel Barry Clofe, have delivered to Meer Allum Bahauder one copy of the fame, figned and fealed bv themfelves j and Meer Allum Bahauder has delivered to Lieutenant Genera! George Harris, the Honorable Colonel Arthur Wellefley, the Honorable FTenry Wellefley, Lieutenant Colonel William Kirkpatrick, and Lieutenant Colonel Barry Clofe, another copy of the fame, figned and fealed by himfelf ; and Lieutenant G'=neral George Harris, the Honorable Colonel Arthur VVellefley, the Honorable Henry Wellefley, Lieucenant Colonel William Kirkpatrick, and Lieutenant Colonel Barry Clofe, and Meer Allum Bahauder, ieverally and mutually engage, that the faid treaty fliall be refpec- tively ratified bv the Right Honorable the Governor General, under his feal and fignature, within eight days from the date hereof, and by His Highnefs the Nabob Nizam ud Dowlah Afoph Jah Bahauder, within twenty-five days from the date hereof. (L.S.) Meer Allum. Witnefll'd, by order of the Commifljoners, (Sig»ed) J. Malc©lm, Secretary, Separate Articles of the Treaty between the Company and the Nizam. I. With a view to the prevention of future altercations it is agreed between His Highnefs the Nabob Nizam ud DowlahlTiuph Jah Behauder and the Honorable Englifli Eaft-India Company Behauder, that to whatever amount the ftipends appro- priated to the maintenance of the fons, relatives, and dependants of the late Hvder Ally Khan and Tippoo Sukaun, or the perfonal Jaghire of Meer Kummer ud Deen Khan fhall hereafter be din:ini(hed, in confcquence of any of the ftipulations of the treaty of Myfore, the contradtiog parties (hall not be accountable to each other on this head. 2. Ai«i- [ 2l6 ] 2. And it is further agreed between the contrafting parties, that in the event provided for in the eighth article of the treaty of Myfore, two-thirds of the Ihare referved for Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder ihall fall to his Highnefs the Nabob Nizam ud Dowlah Afoph Jah Bahauder, and the remaining third to the Honorable Engli(h Eaft-India Company Bahauder. Schedule A. I. The Company's Share. The following diftrifts from Nuggur or Bednore : Cant. Pagodas. Fanams 1,33,662 7| Konal (Mangalore) 1 Bekul and NeleferamJ Karcul ---_--. Barkoo -----. Khoofaulpore - . - . _ BulkuU Garfopa -.-.._ Hurrawus (Orrow) - . « . Meizawn -----_ Alcolah Punchmahl and Shedafheoghur (or\ Soonda Payen Ghawl) - - - J Bilghuy --.._- Coimbatore Danagurecottah Cheoor Chingerry t)arapon Chuckergary Saltencungabun Undon Pcfoondora Vizunnugal Avaraconny Erroade Caroor Oodgully Caveryporam Coimbatore, viz. ".393 n 48,389 81 26,361 71 9.177 o| 9,192 of 17,842 9^ 8,953 4i a8,332 2 18,929 4^ 3,ii>874 6^ 8O5CCO o 35,000 o 27,000 o 27,000 o 64,000 o 30,000 o 8,000 o 14,000 o 20,000 o 20,COO O 41,000 o 15,000 o 4,000 o 3,85,000 o Carr.forw. 6,96,874 6-| [ 2^7 ] Wynaad (from Ahmedunggur Chucklon) from Talooks belonging to Seringa- patam. Bro.forzv. 6,96)874 6^ - - - - 15,000 o non .1, 1 addy, Y lully J Punganon Siittikul, A lumbal Koodahi Ouffore Decani Cottah, and Ruttungherry Vencatigcua Cottah Ankurghury and Salargliury Banglore TalamuUa and Tahvaddy, half Talooks of Hurdaluelly } '} Deduft provifions for the maintenance of the families of Hyder Alii Khan and of Tippoo Sultaun, Star Pagodas 2,00,000 or Canterai Pagodas ------ Remains to the Company - _ - - 15,200 o 18,096 o 14,000 o 6,000 o 4,000 o 3,000 o 5,000 o 80,296 7.77,»7o 6i 2,40,000 o - 5.37.170 6| Fuze Huzzoor Kubal Kona Koomlah Pauni - - - Weigin Kurroor Yunftly Miiriajehcroor Beem Raflah Mutton Pravallie Mumnimoory Chunumpiily Schedule B. The Nizam's Share. Gooty. Can.forjo. 3K 15.568 7,500 1 1,000 8,998 5,902 4,800 2,700 9,426 8,951 74,846 o o o o o o o 3 8 [ 2i8 J Mulkairva Kotoo Kurtooni , - - - Yarky - - -^ -. Pennacornda . - - Munufgera Thuntytenaatpoor Kungoor, remainder of Kunchindgoondy, d? of Of Gurrumcondah All the diftrifts not added in 1792 Buttonghurry, from Seringapacam Rydroog (6 Talooks) Kunnool Peflicufh From Chittledroog, Jenymullah (i Talook) Dedud for a perfonal Jaghire to Cumeer ud Deen Khan and relations . _ . Remains to the Nizam - - Bro. finv. 74,846 I - 22,251 8^ - 8,800 - 22,673 I - 60,000 - 8,000 - 16,000 - 1 1,629 - 10,000 _ 1,85,810 - 10,000 - 1,02,856 - 66,666 - 7,800 6,07,332 70,000 o 5.37'33^ I* 11,000 o Schedule C. Diflrifl eeded to Maha Rajah Myfoor Kiftna Rajah Oodiaver Bahaudur. Talooks belonging to Seringapatam. Puttum Alkrawn Myfore Attachraun or Rechmut Nuzzur - ... Nuzzur Bar - ... Hardunnkally Peuapatam - ... Muddoor - . - . Hetghur Delvan Cottah Betudapoor - . - . Tyour - ... Yelandoor - - - - Mallivelly GuUinabad Tulkar Sofitah _ . . Carr.fonv, 1,21,000 o o 11,500 14,000 15,000 6,200 13,200 8,000 7,000 8,000 10,000 g.ooo 8,100 L 219 ] Nurzipore Yeftorali Bailoor Aftrulgon Cheriiiapatani Bullum Munzerabad Huffin Henaivelly Nagmungul Bellorc Mahorage Droog Gram Ramgberry Turkaruaib Almured Nuggur Chichoor Thurp Toory Khaira Coonydgbul - Hootroordroog Kerkany Cinnayputtum Noogaily Mautatah and Hifmajepoor Sucknyputtuna Banorawar Gurradungilly Harrunhilly Boodikall Nighull Pofgur Hagulwary Goomnaupollam Bangalore Maugry Mudgherry Coorghurry Cankanelly Nulwuggle and Diirbtila Arricut Byroodroog a } Bro. forw. 1,21,000 - - 10,200 . - 7,200 - - i5'7oo - - 4.300 - - 12,100 - - 10,000 - - 7,900 - - 9,400 - - 4,;oo - - 3,ioo - - 10,000 - - 3,500 - - 7,400 - - 7,400 - 10,000 - - 12,000 - - 9,000 - - 5,008 9 _ ~ 4,008 - - 4.065 - - 9.138 . - 3,000 - 6,100 . - 6,200 10,000 o 7,000 6,000 10,000 12,000 12,000 55.000 8,400 36,000 4,000 8,900 16,000 10,300 4,000 4j6o,8ii 9 o Carr./orw. 39,200 o o 4,60,811 9 o Hyboor - - - Dewankelly - - - Odlradroog - - - Chinroydroog - - - Toomkoor and Devarage Nidgegul and Maclydroog Kundakeeva and Chellnaighelly Chuta Balapoor Colah -^ • " J'ungum Cottah ^ Chuckmogalam Kudoor - - - Sera and Amerapoor Hoofuttah Burra Balarpoor Kufbah Coolydroog Krompfee Kope Wafittrara Ekaing and Sagur Gooty (HooblyJ Surbtowanundy Joniannity Shikarpor Aunumtapoor Lakoofley Dannals Oodgunny Simoga Hooly Honore Biddary Chingay, Befvvapattam Tany Reviah Azeimpoor \ 220 3 Bro.forw. 39,200 7,000 20,045 5,000 8,oao iS,ooo i6,coo 16,000 80,000 So, 000 13,000 8,134 7,129 o o o o o o o o o o o 4 4j6o,8ii 9 o o o o o o o o o o o o o Sera, remainder of - - 55,000 ■ — - 5°»754 ■ " 1 "J above 44,000 ^uggur Ghaut. , - 29'i45 4i i - - 28,818 of 2 - • 8,094 22 - - 22,864 Si 2 - 6,818 9 - - 39,411 oi 2 - 11,006 8 I - - 10,458 d 2 - - 17,424 - - ii»774 c| . - 10,191 92 - - 11,629 61 I . - 13,614 n . - 16,883 ^ - - 6,583 51 I - - 10,835 5 2 - .- 22,091 a 3 . - 14,076 4? 2 - - 10,696 2| 3 3,i7>509 li o i.49>754 o ,02 ,417 6 6 Car. forw. 12,30,482 61 6 [ 221 J Bro . forzv. 12,30,482 6i 6 Chittledroog, remainder of 1 2 Talooks. Hufbah « . _ - 20,874 7-1 I Beemfumundcr . - - - 12,148 4 2 Dideary ■ . 12,984 9i Hufdroog - - - - 11,936 2l 3 JVIultoor . - . - 10,392 3i^ Murkah Moroo - _ - - 12,662 9i 3 Tullick . . - - 11,854 o| Burnm Surger - . 10,163 6i Kunkopa - - - - - 12,542 oiz ^i5>559 . 1 Ai '3 i3>46,055 I 7 Bitchoor - . 10,683 I| 2 Hinoor - _ - - 10,010 2 Goody Cottah ii>330 5 f 33>o23 6 T A W 13,79,076 8 I Dedudt two Purgunnahs of Hurdenkilly, viz. Talmah and Talwaddy, included in the Company's"! ihare - - - J 5>°'^o ° I3>74,076 8 Schedule D. '^ o o o The Peifhwa's Share. Harpoonelly ---.... 1,10,030 8 Soonda (above the Ghauts^ - . . . 59>377 Annagoondy 60,1010 o From Chittledroog two Talooks, viz. Holol Kaira .... 11,425 4I o Mycomdr - - - . , 12,226 oi o 23>^^5^ 3 From Bednore one Talook, viz. Hunghur - _ 10,796 Total Cantcria Pagodas 2,63,957 3*- o [ 222 ] ^kVlTl'' (No. 9.)~Memorial, explanatory of the Partition Treaty of ;U^'' Mysore. 1. The principle of partition between the Nizam and the Company, aiTumed in the firft and fecond articles, is that each party fhould retain in dir-ett fovereiirnty, an equal (hare of unincumbered territorial revenue, dedu(5tion being made from both fides, of the amount of the penfions for Jaghires, of which each party has agreed to bear the charge. 2. The allowances made by Tippoo Sultaun to his family, and that of Hyder, including the whole expences of the maintenance of every branch of the families, did not exceed 1,12,116 Canteria Pagodas. 3. It was however thought advifable, to allot a larger fum for this purpofe, as well with a view tomeet the firft expences of fettling the families in the Carnatic, as the increafed charge of maintaining the younger fons of the late Sultaun (nine in number) as they (hall advance in years. The youngeft of the four Princes now at Vellore is about fifteen years of age. It Is not intended to make the nine younger fons now at Seringapatam, the eldeft of whom is about eleven years of age, fo large an allowance as that enjoyed by each of the four elder now at Vellore. The four elder fons have been accuUomed to a degree of ftate, of which it would be in- delicate to deprive them : the fame reafons do not apply to the younger fons, who have fcarcely ever been fuffcred to pafs beyond the limits of the Zenana. 4. The eftimate of the revenues of Tipi)oo Sultaun, on which the partition has been founded, is the fame as that admitted by the Allies at Seringapatam in 1792, deducing the fum of nine lacs of pagodas, wliich had been added by the Allies to the eftimate given in by the Vakeels of Tippoo Sultaun on that occafion. There is every reafon to fuppofe, that this eftimate is much below the real produce of the revenues of the country, efpecially in its valuation of the Company's (hare. Tippoo Sultaun had made a fiftitious increafe of his revenues, by an arbitrary addition to the nominal value of his coin, and by other capricious and extravagant operations, the nature of which is explained in the Papers annexed to this difpatch : by this contrivance he had raifed the apparent amount of his revenues to the fum of Canteria; Pagodas 83,67,549: This fum certainly much exceeded their real amount. In N? Vide N? II. — a comparilon is inftitutcd betiween the extravagant ftatements lately found at Seringapatam, and the depreciation of Tippoo's remaining revenue impofed upon the Allies in 1792. By this comparifon it appears, that at the lowed valuation, the Company's (hare of the prefent partition may be expeded, within a (liort period of time, to produce not lefs than 14,78,698 Star Pagodas *, provided the revenues be ably and honeflly adminiflered. ^ 5. A map^ * N, B. This is the grofs amount ; about twelve lacs net revenue. [ 223 3 5- A map, conftrufled byCapt. Marriott, will be found inN? — . It is recommend- v \ r ■ cd to the attentionof your Honorable Court, as exhibiting a curious and interefting view No'iii. of the new and capricious divifion of territory introduced by Tippoo Sultaun, by which he had changed many of the names, and all the divifions of every part of his king- dom, loading his eftablifliments with innumerable Mahomedan Officers of revenue, and entirely fubverting the wife and economical fyftem eftablidied by Hyder Ally. In N? — w ill alfo be found a note, relating to the produce and commercial powers of Myfore. Having already (tated, in paragraphs 13, 14 and 15, of this difpatch, the principles which have regulated the feleftion of the particular diftrifts allotted to each of the contrading parties, it is unnecefTary to add any thing on that fubjcdl to this memorial. 6. The third article does not appear to require any explanation. The fmall traft of land retained in addition to the Ifland of Seringapatam, is neceffary to the cfFcdtual ftrcngth of the place, and to its conllant fupply with water. Bv the next difpatch it is hoped, that an accurate report of the value of the acquifitions made under this article may be forwarded to your Honorable Court. 7. Articles 4 8c 5. Thefe articles are fo exprefTed, as to exclude any claim of right to the throne on the part of the Rajah, and alfo to prevent many of the Poll ■ gars defcended from the ancient poirefibrs of various parts of the territories of Tippoo Sultaun, from preferring obfolete pretenfions, founded on alleged rights of inheritence. 8. Article 6, — Requires no explanation. The firft feparate article refers to this, and will hereafter be explained. 9. Article 7, — Refers to an intended treaty with the Mahratta Empire, the nego- tiation of which is now depending at Poonah, with every profpedl of a favourable ilTue. ID. The 8th article requires no particular comment: it is conneded with the fecond feparate article, which will be hereafter explained. II. The 9th article is founded upon the equitable right of the Company, arlfing from a fuperior (hare in the expences and dangers of the war, to the principal benefit of any collateral arrangements to be made with the new Government of Myfore. It is evident, that His Highnefs the Nizam, ihe exiftence of whofe throne has confelfedly been faved, and is now protefled by the Britilh Power, v;ill derive a confiderable additional fecurity from the eftablifiiment of the Britifh influence ia Myfore. On the other hand, the penfions to be made to the Mahrattas will be em- ployed to purchafe certain immunities of the moft valuable kind for His Higimels ; or if the Mahratta Po.ver fhould decline fuch an accommodation, the lecond feparate 3 article • C 224 ] Eiiciofure in article (as hereafter explained) will place His Highnefs's interefts^under the ope- N?Ln. rations of this treaty, on a level with thoie of the Company. Separate Articles. , Article i. This article was inferted with a view to exclude the Nizam from any interfe- -rence in the affairs of the families of Hyder Ally and TippooSultaun : its operation i6 reciprocal, as it renounces the Company's right of interference between Nizam Ally and Kummer ud Dien. Article 2. If the Pefhwa fhould accede to the terms to be propofed to him under the feyenth article of the Treaty, it has already been remarked, that the Nizam will derive conliderable benefit from that arrangement. The precife nature of the benefit which his Highnefs may expeft, is now a matter of negotiation at Poonah. If Nizam Ally (hould be difappointed in his expeftation at Poonah, he will be amply indemnified, by receiving two-thirds of the territory now referved for eventual ceffion to the Pefhwa, while the Company fliall receive only one-third. Enc'.ofure in (N? lo.) — Captain Macleod to the Mysore Commissioners ; dated 8th July, 1799. To the Commiffioners for the Affairs of Myfore. Gentlemen, In compliance with the defire of the Right Honorable the Governor General, conveyed in his letter to you dated the 21ft June, extracft of which was forwarded to Viile N? II. "le by your dire(5l:ions, I have the honor to tranfmit to you a ftatement of the revenues of the territories lately acquired for the Honorable Company, in which you will pleafe to obferve the grounds, on which I am led to believe that thofe acquifitions are capable to yield a grofs revenue, equal to the fums in Column 4. The late Tippoo Sultaun raifed his Jummabundy, in the year 1 796, by augmenting his land-rent three Cantaria Fanams on each Pagoda (ten Fanains) fuppofing the country to be capable of bearing this augm.entation. He alio charged his Jumma- bundy with half a Fanam, as a tax on Shroffs, and a quarter of a Fanam, as a duty on Tobacco. The two lall articles were abfurdly added to the land-rent, as well as the firft, the whole amounting to 3-! Fanams on every ten Fanams ; fo that by this increafe, every ten by the preceding Jummabundy became i^^ for the new Jumma- bundy, or 40 was raifed to 55. There C 225 ] There were, however,Tome inconfiderable articles of the revenue excluded from Enclofure in contributing towards this augmentation ; fuch as the rents of land farmed for portions N? Lll. of the produce, and alfo the road-duties : but as I could not procure an exadl account of the amount of items left out in forming the increafe, I have fuppofed, for the con- venience of calculation, that the increafe of 1796 extended to the whole grofs reve- nue, and by following this mode, 1 have efhimated the increafe in Column 2 of the ftatement greater than it really was ; confequently Column 3 or 4 is eftimated lower than it otherwife fliould be, if the detail of the whole increale had been accurately afcertained. The fums in Canteria Pagodas in the third Column, or in Star Pagodas in the fourth, may, in my opinion, be confidered as nearly the fair Jummabundy which may hereafter be expefted ; though I cannot take upon myfelf to aflert, that the feveral diftridts ought to yield revenue equal to this valuation of them. If fome of the diftridts Ihould be over-rated in this eftimate, it is probable that others are under-valued. I think it is not unreafonable to expedl, that in the aggre- gate, the whole may, in the courfe of three or four years, produce a revenue equal to the amount of Column 4 ; and if from this fum one-fifth be deducted, for the feveral heads of Inaums to Pagodas, &c. and for defraying all charges of colledion, there would remain to the Company a clear revenue of near twelve lacs of Star Pagodas annually. Should this eftimate of the new acquifitions be hereafter found, through better in- formation, to be materially erroneous, I hope it will be remembered, that I followed the truefl fcale which can at prefent be procured. Much will always depend on the | ikill and talents of perfons employed in the management of revenue. I have an account of the amount of the rent of each Aumildarrie compofing the Jumma in the firft Column -, and I have materials and information fufficient to prove, that the fchedule of the Myfore revenue, given to the Confederates in 1792, was a falfe ftatement of the Jummabundy. I have the honour to be, &c. &c. &c. Seringapatam, (Signed) William Macleod. 8th July, 1799. 3M (N?ii.) [ 229 ] (No. 12.) From Captain Macleod, to General Harris ; dated Seringa- ^"^fl'^j^^"^ patam, 2 2d. May, 1 799; enclofing Abstract of Tippoo Sultaun's JUMMABUNDY. Sir, I have the pleafurc to lay before you an abftradl of the Jummabundy, and a Lift of the feveral Forts of the late Tippoo Sultaun. As he had given new names to all Forts, and the refidence of his Afiphs, the proper, or former name, is affixed to each Divilion and Fort, for the convenience of geographical information. The Sultaun's miftaken fyftem of Revenue Colledlion, operated in a great degree rowards reducing hi? receipts, by his having increafed the number of Aumildarries to ten times as many as had ufualiy been the proportion under all former Governments of the Myfore Dominions. The Sukaun raifed his Jummabundy, in the year 1795, ^7 adding about nineteen Lacks of Canteria Pagodas to his former Jumma : But this increafe was only ideal ; as I am informed by men, of whofe veracity I have a high opinion, that fince the year 1792, his receipts were annually from twenty-five to thirty-five Lacks of Can- teria Pogodas. His aAual annual Difburfements are eftimated at forty Lacks of Can- teria Pagodas, fince the Treaty of 1792; fo that it appears, a confiderable portion of his exptnces muft have been taken from the treafure colleded by his Father. All the Afiphs and Aumildars under his Government were Moormen, who were feldom chofen for any other reafon than their being Mahomedans ; and although the whole of them had an oath of fidelity adminiftered to them, the embezzlement of Public Revenue, by the feveral claffes of Servants, is fuppofed to have amounted annually to fifteen or twenty Lacs of Canteria Pagodas. The Jagheers for the fup- port of Troops, v/hich amount to about five Lacks of Canteria Pagodas, do not ap- pear in the (tatement: The valuation of them is included in the Revenue. I have the honor to be, 8cc. 8cc. (Signed.) William Macleod, Aifing Siiperintcndant of Revenuto. Enclo(ure' in N? m. if 1797-8. No. ofHorfelo Jagheers. 1'k,^''1'£" ■^ , tncSirkirrrom Cant Pagodas. Uic J^ehcm, jFutteh Hyder - - - 12,000 100 jAbduI Khalick - - - 12,000 joo ^Tullau Meahdeeii - - 4-300 ■IVIaufe ud Dieii - - . 4,300 ^ 32,600 Meer Moliun ud Dlen - 12,000 -ummer ud Dien - - 4,00D ?ootoob ud Dien - - 2,700 (.ubbar Jung - - - ^'55^ The Pollcgar of Rulleum 5,000 tleer Mamood - - - 900 59.75° iTIie Inaums to Pagodas Mofqucs & Bramitis.&c. arcellimaccd at ----- 2,50,000 The Jummabundy of tlie 3P9»7SO Sultauii's dominions was railed m the year 1795 by adding 3} Canteria fanams to ea. pagoda or 10 fenains, amount to - - . - 19,67,877 Which fum deduced 22,77,627 from the grofs Jumma- bundy would leave the aflual revenue expci^cd to be coIlci5tcd, Canteria -,■,,■ .l , no.,} including the pagodas - - - - 60,^9,992 ( [«gh«rs allot- or in Star Pagodas 48,71,994 f uii lociviiand , , _ -* Miliiary Of- lii.LTs/or iheir fcrvicciill Ucu of pay. are two JJJ/s the kcotid is a Depuf J, [ "7 ] (N?ii.) Statement of Revenue, &c. &c. enclofej in Captain Macleod's Letter to the Mysore CcMMissioNEES ; dated Sth July, 1799. Statement ftiewing that Column 3 or 4 contains an Eftimate of the Refources of the Diftrifts lately acquired for the Honorable Company. I 2 3 4 5 rippoo-ijiimmab in 1^"^ - <^quivalcnt in Siai Diftri^i. alluding ro for- (ty »f llie Year ij^C The Increafcof 33 on Remaining Jiimms- 3 *C: z Equivalent of Col, ; lagoJas, hy tlu belxduleof i79i,ai Situation. mcr Njmes. jud to tii( including his ide^t cveiv 13J pHiiam liundy, afierdcduCt- ^~- E 1,1 i[ar Pagorlas, al Arrai-.^;m(nt i-f then n iu InctcaCe of 3J F«- included in the firll ing the locrcale of d-n = l Caai. I'agfidas lu 6 C'lit. PagniUl t' the 5chi.(lulr ur 1702. nams on each Pag Oolumii. 1796. 2,3 s.: 5 Siar Pagodas. 5 Star P^giidAf. CP. F. y^. C.F. F. /I. C.F. F. A. Slar Pag. S/Jr- Vag, f 05 Salligal, - - - TuimuIUh - - } 65,189 14,899 C 17,773 7 1= 4,063 3 10 47,410 2 4 10,835 6 6 II 2 39,508 8 9,029 11 12,666 ir 41,666 loi 'The proj-.nrlipn mcliideil in Hurcenhully by the fchc>- > _ dulcofijyj. s ■■< "^ Chukloor, - - Weinaad, orBeina } 10,000 2,727 2 k2 7.272 7 1 none 6,060 9 J 4,166 \q\ rThiK diftiia has hcen $z- \ fertcd fincc ihe year 1711. ) Halt this dilUia remiui* (. inRijah-sfliarc. Runganoor - - - 62.33s 17,000 4 8 45.334 5 8 6 37.778 I2i : 2,500 j-This tliflcicl has been totally 1 Tuiucd by dilturbaoccs. Q^ Vanketygherrycotta 18,243 c 4,97s 3 lo 13,267 6 6 2 11,056 6 5.000 s < Bangloor . - - 13,625 3,715 8 9,909 2 2 8,257 11 , 2.500 ^ -^. Soolageery - - - 14,907 4,06s s, 8 10,841 4 8 2 9.°34 9 3-333 5i rrhis didriia has not iced- 5- Dcnkenicottah - - 39,929 10,889 7 4 29,039 2 IZ 6 24,199 5i ll,t)b6 lO;^ ) vered l.cm ihc tlftas of ) ■ hiTins in ilichau.ln ol the ^ Oflbre - - - Total . 27,131 7.399 3 ■'= 19,731 6 6 4 i*'.443 ; 1 5,080 \ 2,66,258 72,615 6 10 1,93,642 3 6 35 1,61,368 10 71,080 Coimbatoor 2,^7,708 3 M 64,829 8 i4 1,72,878 5 28 1,44,065 6f 66,666 loj Daniancottah - - 83.016 7 1,28,562 3 7 22,640 9 7 60,375 8 12 50,313 2i 29,166 10! Clieoor - - - - 11 35,062 4 9 93.499 9 2 18 77,916 9! 22,500 to Chinjerie - - 78,954 3 12 2'>S33 ° 57.421 3 '2 10 47.851 2; 22,500 o" Daratroor, and - Chuckergeery } i.73'835 47,409 5 8 1,26,425 4 8 23 1,05,354 81 si^iii s: t Sartimuiigle - - 9'-523 5 1 24409 9 II 9,^38 1 66,562 5 8 '4 55,468 12; 25.000 ^< Andoor - - - - 34.973 ^ 25,434 9 5 21,195 12 6,666 loi Pcrindorali - - 39,r,o7 10,883 7 4 29,023 2 12 6 24,186 I 11,666 loi =r Hcrroad - - - - 55,988 15,269 4 8 40,718 5 8 7 33,932 2 16,666 loi c Viziemuiigle - 39.795 10,858 I 14 28,941 8 2 5 24,118 2i 16,666 loi Cangam - - - - 54,440 13.756 3 '0 36,683 6 6 8 30,569 II 16,666 loi Carroor - - - S3'455 22,760 4 8 60,694 5 8 12 50,578 12J 37,500 Uttungnolly - 3^.076 8,748 23. 3:18 c 4 19,440 12,500 Caveriiroor - - Total _ 10,068 2.745 8 3 7,322 I 13 2 6,101 13 2,166 10| 11,40,302 3 15 3,10,991 9 8,29,3.0 4 15 ■ss 6,91,092 I 3,39,666 lOi f r Bilgec - - - 7 43,110 11,484 5 8 30,625 4 I 6 33.177 9 2,67,911 li 15,773 11 1,11.368 15.- -N Corial ('Mangalore ) 3,40,041 92,738 4 8 2,47.302 5 8 42 The Revenue of ihofc 46. 3i J 7.49.933 6 c 2,04,540 9 4 5,45,442 6 2 92 5,90,896 2-J 236,267 ij 9,74,978 6 '3 2,65,903 2 14 7,09,075 3 IS — — > ■} 5S,3^3 i5.9°3 5 8 42,409 4 8 8 35,341 3 23,610 3 10.33,291 6 ■3 2,81, S06 8 6 7,51,484 8 7 100 6,27,237 Si 2.59.877 4i Grand Total - 24,39,852 12 6,65,414 I 17.74.437 6 12 290 14,78,698 4 6,70,633 15! ^lopoo's Jummabundy had not fuffercd any other change fince the year 1786, excepting the incrcafe (licwn in Column 2, confcquently t .c fchedule he gave the Allies in 1792, muft have been Icfs than hij Juinmabundj, in nearly the lame propoiuon that the lums m Lolumn 5 aie Icfs than thole of Column 4, Scringapatam, (Sipiti) WlLI-IAM MacLeod. 8th July, ij(jg, W. ii. From the total there (hould probably be deduced two-thirds ofPuiiganoor, for an equivalent taken from the Rajah's fliare for the Nizim. 3 N C 231 ] (N? 13.) — Abstract of Tippoo Sultaun*s Jummabundy. Abstract of Tippoo Sultaun's Jummabundy, in th: Year Fufsly 1217, or the Year 1797-8 Enclolute in Chief Uiatifls. Bcdn Soiida - - Coinibatore Sallcmungle Antlioor Caiijaiii Daraporani Paoirgliur - MurgcHie - Ruttcngury My fore Gurrungury - Dooraidroog - Ballapore - - • Guriumcondah Chumbargliur Harpunelly Chittladroog - • Gooty - - - Kaidroog - - N'jmei: given bv Tippoi .Siilii^uii to cacli Divifioi Of I Olt, The propcrnr ancient Njmc of tLe fori or Di(lii.£l. l£far, or foulh fide "1 t.*. r^ ^ . n oftheCavery | ^^y^^^^^ Ailgram Enaum, or north fide Pattan Aftgram r Nuzur liar Khaumabad - - Afbarabad - - - Jafforabad - - - Yecffsorobad - - riillok Sliuko MoiShdooiiabad lialhShuko - - Gurdooin Sliuko - Azaniiu Shuko Ifoofabad - - ~ ZutTarabad - - Rezabad - - - Azecmabnd - - Mahnioodabad Turrock Yeat Hufldi Muiiuazghur - Fecz Hciiar - - NuiTuruhabad - - Nugger - - - - Inheaz Gliur - - iMookurabar - » funinialabad - - Rumutabad - - Walecdahad . - IJorca Beliadurgar Mazcedabad - - Huflariabad - - Salamahad - - - Abniudabad - - Hurrcmabad Azeczebad - - Halczabad - ■• - Rynianabad - - 'MuUafabad - - My fore Haffcn - - Maliaiialdrog - C'ubbaldroog - Hoolcooidi oog MakeredfooD- - tjurrungurv Deoracdroog - Nuiidydroog - Goorebuiida - Duvantrully Gurruincondah Chunibarghur Beerundroog - M ureal Moogoo Chittledroog - Concoope - Gooty - - - Coondufpy Bcdnorc Caiilydroog - - Chindergooty - Mangalore - - Bckul - - - Bufcoarageghur UerjaBahadurgor Sedalhecghur Oamancottah Sattimungle Andioor Canjaiii Chuciu'gury Paon^bur - iVIurglelfie - Ruttcngury The Revenue, inc'ud '"S Jaghccrs anri otiicr hiuani!, by the laicrt AlTcli- mcnii, in Caittcrai PagoJas. 2,31,230 O 3,26,118 o 2,14,616 o 1,99,064 4 1,83,895 o .2,20,259 o 1,48,780 o 2,74.764 o 2,18,474 4 1.90.377 o 2,69,082 o 2,38,203 o 1,75,222 o 2,03.006 o 2,51,184 o 2,61,554 o 1,96,147 o 1.88.720 a 2,84,150 4 2,25,106 o 3,41,636 I 2,20,673 6 2.70.992 7 2.60.721 5 :?;04, i;8 o 2.09.378 o 2,16,073 7 ' 2,62,876 9 2,36,798 4 2.16.993 9 1 2,2r,594 o 2,12,720 o 2.51,196 o i,b8,457 o 1,87,097 o 1,48,677 o Sheer Khan. Sheik Malik. Malionicd Sicd & Syed Yakoab. Mahomed GhoJfar & Syed Alia Zedien. Mccr Halfeiii 6c Kundarellv. Syed Mccian & Abdul Cadcn. Raige Rally & Mahomed Syed (Syed Sahab Mahomed Ally Mackercc & Syed Mahodeen Syed Alcredun & Mahomed Fur Kuideen. Syed Ifmael & Mahomed Nutter. Abdul Cadir & Shaik Fraick. Sliaick Boodum. Sheck Mahomed. Sved Peer. Meer Mumem & Syed Imaan. Hallan Ally & Mahomed Haifain Mouhdeen KhauLavance 6c Shcek Mytiza. Imaun Beg. .VJahomcd Hafshum & Golam Moudein. Muftaanlha. ed Moudien & Sheek Mahdoom. Mahomed Aly Beg & Sheek Mahomed. Svcd Hulfain & Abdul Reza. A'iahomed Ghaus 6< Mahomed Suddurodeen. Mcei Mahomed Aly & Abdul Rufoal. Sheik Scheabudcen Sc Gholam Aly. Mahomed Hulfain & Mahomed ^iu^a[l. Abdul Kurrum S: Mahomed J)avud. Sheek Mukdoom. Syed Mukdoom tx Sheek Aly. Meer HalTain Aly, Abdul Cadir fit Abdul Rhairman. Fucker-u-dien h Shaik Ahmed. Muckdeen Aly & Abdul Kufuul. Syed Shully & Syed Davad, •Viahomed Aly Gulluck & Maliomed HafTain. Hulfain Reza & Malioined Imaun. .Vfeer Mohun ud Dien - Cummer ud Dien - - Cootoob ud Dien - - Rubbar Jung . _ . The Pollcgar of Rulleum Meer Mamood - - - The Inaums to Pagodas Mofqucs & Cramnis,&c. areellimatsd at - - Jagheers. Futteh Hvder - Abdul Khalick - Tuhau Meabdecii Maufeud Dien - Cant Pagodas. 12,000 12,000 4.300 4,300 32,600 12,000 4,003 2,700 2.550 5,000 900 i.ofHorfcio c kept upfor icSlrkirlrotn ic jAgheerii 100 100 The Jummabundy of the Sultaun's dominions was railed in tlie year 1795 by adding 3} Canttiia fanams to ea. pagoda or 10 fenams, amount to - - - - Which fum deduced from the groi's Jumma- bundy would leave the aftual revenue cxpeftcd to be colkftcd, Cantcria pagodas - - - _ 60,89,992 or in Star Pagodas 48,71,994 59.750 2,50,000 19,67.877 22,77,627 ineliiJing the , )agliecrfi allot. teil>:(dj VVm. A-Iacleod, ^flr.. ^"pr- of Rtvirtue, A [ 433 J (No. 14.)— -Captain Macleod's Memoranda of the Commerce of ^'|4"lii''' the Myfore Country. Exports. Beetle Arrack (or Siflauris) - - - . Black. Pepper ------- Cardamums _.__---. Sandal Wood --.----. Wax Ivory -- - Rubies --------- Thick Diamonds ------ Cotton - Coarfe painted Cloths of Pombrie, &c. Raw Cotton ------- Thofe articles generally allude to the exports from Ballaghaut to the >.Coa(l of Coromandel : The firft four articles are the moft confiderable. Imports, chiefly from the Eaftward. Salt - - - - - - Coarfe and fine Cloths of different forts - Silk of different forts ------ Velvets ---------- Damafks --------- Copper ---------- Lead ----------- Tuttenaicrue -------- Mafulipatam Chintz ------ Burhunpoor ditto ------- Flat Diamonds -------- Pearls Broad Cloths -------- Dried Fruits -------- Coral Raw-Silk Spices .-.---^-.. Drugs --_--.---- Tobacco ---------- The principal articles are Salt, '^Cloth, Raw-Silk, and Tobacco. It would greatly encourage trade, if the road duties on all articles were abolifhed throughout the Myfore territories ; but as this meafure would occafion an immediate diminution of revenue, amounting perhaps to two lacs of pagodas, i: cannot be 5 P carried C -34 3 Enrtof.-rfin carried into execution, at leaft Until the land-rent may rifc, in conlcquence of a few ^? LII. years peace, and good management. It wouldj however, be of Importance to the Company's poffefilons and manufac- tures, if all duties on raw-cotton and thread were difcontinued throughout the Rajah's, country, as it is in the Company's territories. (Signed) William Macleod. S?ringapatara, I2th July 1799. Eiiciofure in (No, I c.") — From the Mysore Commissioners to the Governor. 1S"° LII General; dated 30th June, 1799. To the Earl of Mornington, &c. &c. &c. My Lord, 1. We have the honor to inform your Lordflilp, that Purnea having reported to us, on the 25th inftant, that the Brahmins had fixed on the 30th of June, as the moft aufpicious day for placing Kiftna Rajah Oodiaver on the Mufnud of Myfore, we refolved that the ceremony fliould accordingly be performed on that day. 2. We at the fame time communicated to Lieutenant General Harris our wifli,. that he would, if poffible, afiifl; In perfon on this occafion. 3. His Excellency, in confequence, came hither from camp yefterday morning, attended by his fuite, and an efcort of European Cavalry, for the occafion. 4. The Rajah and his fam.ily removed fomedays ago from Seringapatam to the old town of Myfore, where the beft preparations were made for their accommodation %vhich circumftances would admit. 5. This morning, the Members of the CommlfRon, accompanied by Meet AUum, and his fon, Meer Dowran, and preceded by His Majefty's 12th regi- ment of Foot, proceeded to the refidence of the Rajah, who was placed on the Mufnud about noon, under three vollies of mufquetry from the noops on the fpot, and a royal falute from the guns of Seringapatam. 6. The ceremony of placing the R.ajah on the Mufnud was performed by Lieutenant General Harris, as Senior Member of the Commiffion, and by Meer AUum, each of them taking a hand of His Highnefs on the occafion. His Excel- lency the Commander in Chief, fome lime after, delivered to the Rajah the feal and fignet of the Rauje. 7. I'he deportment of the young Prince, during this ceremony, was remarka- bly [ ^35 ] bly decorous, confidering the untoward circumftances which had preceded his Enclofure in elevation, and confirmed the opinion which we had formed of hitn at our firft vifit N?L1L to hira. S. We had great pleaftire in informing your Lordfhip that Gholam Alv Khan Aly Reza, Budruz Zemaun Khan, and Sycd Mohommcd Khan Mchdur, fpontane- Gufly attended on this occafion. The Mcer Suddoor was prevented, we underftand by indilpofition. 9. After raking leave of the Rajah, we partook of an entertainment which had been provided for us in an adjoining Choultry. 10. The inauguration having taken place under an open Pandaul, the fpeda- tors were very numerous ; nnd it would be difficult to defcribe the joy which was vifible in the countenances of all the Hindoos prefent. We have the honor to be. Sec. &c. &c. (Signed.) Geo. Harris, Arthur "Wellesley, Seringaparam, Henry Wellesley, 30th June, 1799. Wm. Kirkpatrick, By. Close. (N? 16.) — Subsidiary Treaty of Seringapatam, n? lii. A treaty of perpetual friendfliip and alliance, concluded, on the one part, by his Excellency Lieutenant General George Harris, Commander in Chief of the Forces of H;s Britannic Majefty and of the Englifh Eart-India Company Ba- hauder in the Carnatic and on the Coaft of Malabar, the Honorable Colonel Arthur Wellefley, the Honorable Henry Wellefley, Lieuienant Colonel William Kirkpatrick, 1 I :...» /^„t 1 o /•^i.,r, u.l._if i:_.u„ r-L_T-)!_L-n .1 "•;, , -J — - powers _ „. this purpofe, by the faid Richard Earl of Mornington. Governor General ; and on the other part, by Maha Rajah Myfoor Kii\na Rajah Oodiaver Bahauder, Rajah of Myfore. Whereas it is flipulated in the treaty concluded on the 22d of June 1799, be-. tween the Honorable Englifli Eaft-India Company Bahauder, and the Nabob Nizam ud Dowlah Afoph Jah Bahauder, for firengthening the alliance and friendlhip lubfifting between the faid Englidi Eaft-India Company Bahauder, his Highncfs Nizam ud Dowlah Afoph Jah Bahauder, and the Pefewa Row Pundit Purdhan Bahauder, and ' for C 236 1 ^"^m'iV" ^°^ effets, that in all fiich cafes they will proceed to fuch aa adjiiftmcnt, by means of an N? LII. exchange or otherwife, as fliall be beft fuited to the occafion. Jrticle 1 6. This treaty, confjfting of fixteen articles, being this da)% the 8th of July, Anno Domini 1799, correfponding to the 3d of SufFer, Anno Higerce 12 14, and to the 7th of the month Haflar,^of the 1721 year of the Sahvant Mri, fettled and concluded at the fort of Nuzzerbah, near Seringapatam, by his Excellency Lieutenant General George Harris, Commander in Chief of the Forces of His Britannic Majefty and of the Honorable Englifii Eaft-India Company in the Carnatic and on the Coaft of Malabar, the Honorable Colonel Arthur Welkfiey, the Honorable Henry Wellefley, Lieutenant Colonel William Kirkpatrick, and Lieutenant Colonel Barry Ciofe, with the Maha Rajah Myfoor Kiftna Rajah Oodiaver Bahauder, the aforefaid gentlemen have delivered to the faid Maha Rajah one copy of the fame in Englifh and Perfian, fealed and figned by them, and His Highnefs the Maha Rajah has delivered to the gentlemen aforefaid another copy, alfo in Perfian and Englifh, bearing his feal, and figned by Luchuma, widow of the late Kiftna Rajah, and fealed and figned by Pur- nea, Devvan to the Maha Rajah Kiftna Rajah Oodiaver. And the aforefaid gentlemen have engaged to procure and deliver to the faid Maha *i Rajah, without delay, a copy of the fame, under the feal and fignature of the Right Honorable the Governor General, on the receipt of which by the faid Malia Rajah, the prefent treaty ftiall be deemed compleat and binding, on the Honorable the Eng- lifli Eaft-India Company and on ihe Maha Rajah Myfoor Kiftna Rajah Oodiaver Ba- hauder, and the copy of it now delivered to the faid Maha Rajah fliall be returned. Enclofure" In (N? 17.) — MEMORIAL explanatory of the Subsidiary Treaty of ^° ^^" Seringapatam. Article i,— Requires no explanation. Article 2. The amount of the fubfidy was fixed after full communication with Purnfa. It may, perhaps, be neceflary to indulge the Rajah with the payment of a Icfs fum, for the firft year of the new Government ; but no doubt exifts, that after - that period, the full fubfidy may be realized, without any inconvenience to the Rajah's aftMrs, or any preffure upon the country. It was thought more adviiable, to undertake the defence of the country, without any fpecification of the force to be employed, than to bind the Company to maintain a fpecificd number of troops in My fore. Article 3. The principle eftabliflied in this article, conneded with the fourth and fifth articles, will enable the Company to command the whole refources of iMyfore, in the event of actual or approaching war. ' Articles t 241 Articles 4 and 5. Thefe articles fccure to the Company the power, not only of EnrturMrr in afl'uming the management of the Rajah's revenues, cither in time of peace or war, ^" whenever fuch a meafure may appear neceflary, but alfo of introducing any improve- ments into any or each of the Rajah's adminiftration, which the Governor General in Council may deem advifable; it may therefore be hoped-, that it will not be necef- fary to refort to the extreme meafure of afluming the Rajah's country. The powers, both of regulation and afTumption, are fecured m the mofl: unqualified manner, for the purpofe of avoiding theembarraffments which have occafioned fo much inconvenience in Oudc, Tanjore, and the Carnatic. The fum of one lack of ftar pagodas, in addition to one-fifth of the net revenue, is referved for the Rajah, left in time of war, fuch a defalcation of revenue fliould tal cipal villages. At this time, My- fore was dependent on the Rajah of Chickraipatam : This was the capi- tal of a fmall Hindoo Subafhip, to which Myfore was tributary. This town was ficuated near the ground lately occupied by General Stuart's army. The ifland of Seringapatam belonged to Chickraipatam, not to Myiore, or Emperor of Anigoody. Shri Ringa-Rail was, at this period, Subadar of Chickraipatam, who had no iflue. Raige Worrear of Myfore, having the charafter of being a man of abilities, was nominated to be the fucceflbr to the Subadarry of Chick- raipatam, by a decree of the reign- ing Rajah of Anigoody. Previous to the fucceflion to this Subadarry on the death Shri-Ringa-Rail, in 2 1610, [ 243 ] Year of tVic Acceflion oF each Kajali. A. D. 1618 1638 1638 Year of the | Year of Hindoo Cycle. Shaiuvan Caligooby Bhedauy Bhodauy '540 1560 1560 Names of Myfore Rajahs, Churn Raige — Immcrie Raige- Rana Cantervva — i6io, the Myfore family did not aflume the ceremony of fitting on a throne ; for which reafon this period is confidercd to be the foun- dation of the kingdom of Myfore. Rai2;e Worrcar was fucceeded by his grandfon, who firft built a fmall fort on the Ifland, the eaft face of which, it is faid, interfedted the prefent fort, in a line with Tippoo's palace. He made fome additions to the Pagoda of SKrl Ringa Saniy, and added fome villages to his country. He was fucceeded by his fon, who died without iffue, and was fuc- ceeded by, Narfa-Raige, a male relation, chofen, according to the ufage of the family, fromamongfeveral boys.He improv- ed the Fort of Seringapatam,built the Pagoda of Narfuma Samy, con- ftrufted the Tank Narfum Boody, near Nunjencode, coined the gold fanaras called after him " Canteria " fanams," and made fevcral con- quefts ; viz. to the north, as far as Muddogurry ; to the fouth, as far as Chuckergury ; to the eafl, as far as Bagloor and Aflbor ; to the weft, as far as Haflen and Belloor. He was celebrated for his perfonal courage and ftrength, and is faid to have engaged and defeated the Rajah of Trichinopoly in a fingle combat, in confequence of a challenge the latter had fent to his gate, inviting any perfon to engage him. Cantcrwa hearing [ 244 ] Year of the fv r i Acceffion of 'J^^/ "^ "]^ each Rajah. """^"""^^^'^ A.D. 1660 1674 1705 1716 Sharwaury Annunda Tarteeva Doorrauckie Year of Suliwan 1582 1627 1638 1733 Pramad'icha 1655 Names of Myfore Rajah. Doda Dewa Raige — Chick Dewa Raige Canterwa Narfa Raige. Doda Kiftna Raige. Chiaun Raige- hearing of this challenge went in- cog, to Trichinopoly to engage his rival. He was fucceeded by his fon, who was. fucceeded by his fon. He extended his dominions to the fouthward, as tar as Caroor; to the weft ward, as far as Waftara. In one day, he took nine forts; on which account he got the name of Nou Cotteh Narna *. The King of Delhi, liaving heard of his fame, fent him a title, Rajah Jugga Deoo. He made feveral revenue regulations, and other arrangements, which had afterwards been looked upon as models for condufting every department of the ftate of Myfore. He conftruded the two great water courfes in the vicinity of Seringapatam, and the Myfore Bridge. He was fucceeded by his fon. This Prince was dumb. His country was managed by two brothers, Tri- mulaingar and Shinga Peremaloo. He was fucceeded by his fon, He added Magerie to his dominions, and had the charafter of being a good Prince. He had no iflue. was elected, according to the cuftom of the Government. During his reign, the Government was diredted by Dewa-Rajahiah, who confined his mafter, Chiaum Raige, on the top of Cabbal Droog, where he died, in • Tj|e Nine Forirefs-Narna, alfo mterpreted the Nine Crore Kama, as an allufion to his Wealth. Year of the Acceffioii of each Rajah. A. D. 1736 Yenrofthe I Year. of Hindoo C\cle.,'Shalhvan Nalla 1658 [ 245 ] Names of Myfore Rajahs. Chick Kifna Raige — 1766 Vciah 1688 NUnda Raige ■ in confequencc of drinking the wa- ter of a poifonous refervoir. fucceeded, by being elefted, accord- ing to cuftom, after the death of Sham Raige. Dewa Raige was ftill Biliva'i, or Prime Minifter, and his brother Nunda Raige was Siinvadikar, or Com- mander in Chief. Kifna Raige was only three years old when he was nominated Rajah : The management of the country was entirely in th# hands of Dewa Raige and Nunda Raige. The former was reckoned to be a man of better judgment than the latter, who appeared, from his adtions, to have been led rather by his paffions than by maxims of prudence. During this reign, Davanhully and Dindigul were added to the Myfore Government, exclufive of the con- quefts made by Hyaer, who ufurped the Government in the year 1759, by befeiging Nunda Raige in the Fort of Myfore. From this period, the Rajah became a ftate prifoner. He died in 1766, aged about thirty-three. Hyder, who was at Coimbatoor, ordered Kifna Raige's fon, 'to be placed on the Throne, with the ulual ceremonies. jNunda Raige having died a Fnatural death, his youngeft brother, ' was [ h6 ] Year of the Acceffion of each Rajah. A. D. Years of the Hindoo Cycle. Kurrah Year of Shaliwan ^^93 ^777 Havilumby 1699 Names of Myfore Rajahs. Chiaum Raige Chiaum Raige — Serlngapatam, 13th July, 1799. (Siiited) WilliamMacleo was, by Hyder's order, put upon the Throne. Chiaum Raige died with- out ilRie, at the age of foiKteem Hyder ordered eight or ten boys, lineally related to the Rajah's family, to be brought, according to ufage, from the villages adjacent to Myfore, to Seringapatam, for the purpofe of ek-. >~. I- rt ^ -4-^ >-. r-^ CC < PL. I « O "^ O -T3 PS (— 3 M Pii < Z O H n <; U < z Q O •/yjoj; it;«».<3 ^ t^ 00 CM ON f ^« C N X iQ 8 i " 1 1 ■* ^CI fii 1 d , 1 1 ^ cQ tsi 1 t^ , 1 1 "^ f/^"/ 91 " 1 1 1 "* Pi o X o U c/l b! •»! H oS O ;a fj vO ■ 1 ^ 1 "^ iQ i; 1 " 1 f 1 *"* ia T- 1 £a tS 1 ^ 1 1 "^ oQ ri' 1 « 1 1 ^ ^Q 9 1 vO , 1 1 ^ ia I 1 1 HH 1 - iO 8 cs — CO ?a 6 1 • " " 5(! 01 1 " •& v^ ia II > 1 *^ "" ^a ^i ^ M 1 ^ ^CI £1 CO M 1 ^ ^^z'j Si 1 ^ 1 " z D u 2a f Ov 1 ^ 1 ^ ^a f 1 , LO ( "^ iQ I ^T) IS iG fi ^ • 1 2- ^a 2 f M 1 0° 1 -^h iQ T^ 1 M 00 1 ^ 1 CO 1 icr ^ 1 O"- CO -*• CM 1 "^ 1 NO iQ fS • 1 ? ia * ^ \^\ ia if CM . 1 « 1 cQ ^ CO 1 ^ \ ^ iG 9 ^ Ic^ iG i 0^ 1 s- iG 8 oQ 6 1 0° 1 ^ IcS 2a 01 . 1 °^ |CO iG ^i 1 C4 01 ' VO 1^_ 1 2 2f( ■t'l 1 *" 1 °^ iG 91 -0 , 1^ in 8' •n 1 ?J, 2a °^ 1 • . "^ iG •t'2 1 N f 0^ 1 « 2n 9^ 1 • 1 - 1 r 2a 0^" 1 1 I " 1 •" iG -^^ 1 ~ 1 c^ 1 "^ iG 9S 1 1 , •- 1 " •sjjpunoj ^t 1 " • 1 " 1 Brafs Ordnance Ditto unfiniHiedl in the Foundry J Iron Ordnance Grand Total oH Ordnance j £ 257 ] Articles. Garrison and Field Carriages. 42 Pounder ------- 36 - d? 26 - d? 24 - d? 20 • d? iS - d? 16 - d? 14 - d? 13-d? 12 - d? II - d? 10 - d? 9 - d? 8 - d? 7 -d? 6 - d? 51 -d? 5 -d? -.--..- 4i - d? 4 - d? - - 3i - d? 3-d. 2i - d? 2 - d? li - d? I - d? Howitzer Carriages. lai Inch 8 - d? - - - Mortar Beds. 12 Inch - - 12 - d. II -d? ------- to 3 3 2 2 3 2 I 3 I 5 5 I I -ii ^ 1 3 I I 2 3 I 6 18 4 9 8 7 2 40 I 4 29 17 14 38 I 5 I 34 4 7 55 28 6 7 2 2 I 2 2 I I I 9 21 4 1 1 10 7 2 45 I 4 38 22 16 44 I 5 I 39 4 9 62 36 7 8 3 I 3 4 I Remarks. )» Garrifon, >• Field. 3X Mortar C 258 ] Articles. Mortar Beds. 10 Inch -------- 9 - d? 8 - d? 7 -d? 5I - d? - - 5i-d? 4i - d? Ammunition Tumbrils of Sorts Spare Carriages of Sizes - - - Limbers of Sorts - - - - - Tranfport Waggons - - . . D? - Carts Spare Gun-wheels of Sorts - - Axletrees Wooden, fpare - - . Cheeks, fpare of Sorts - - - . Mantlets -----.. Wooden Platforms for Mortars Spunges with Rammer Heads. 42 Pounder ------- 32 - d? 24 - d? 20 - d? 18 - d? 16 - d? 14 - d? la - d? 9 - d? 8 - d? .--._--.- 7 - d? .-.--.-- 6 - d? if - d? 4 - d? -..-.•-. 2| - d? --.-... I 3 3 I 3 25 20 I 2 4 2 2 6 4 2 8 I 4 10 3 5 2 3 2 3 I I 2 2 I 2 4 7 132 138 139 139 70 73 1 20 20 40 48 — 25 20 I 2 — 2 9 9 22 22 27 27 7 7 H 18 10 12 10 12 28 34 »5 •9 12 15 12 14 42 50 8 9 16 20 38 4S Remarks. Ladles C ^59 3 Articles. Ladles with Worms. 42 Pounder ^i - d? 24 20 - d? - d? 18 - d? 16 - d° 14 IZ - d? - d? 9 - d? 8 - d? 7 6 - d? - d? 5i 4 - d? - d? - d? I - d? Linftocks - . - - . Shot, Iron, Round, 42 Pounder - - . _ - 3* 28 d? d? 24 - d? ao - d? 18 16 d? d? 14 - d? li - d? 9 8 7 6 5 4 - d? - d? - d? - d? - d? - d? 7000 21000 25000 43000 440 c o 340-0 36000 13000 43000 22000 26000 8000 36000 31000 23000 I- 2 3 I 4 2 I I 4 I 2 6 I % ^ 5 II 10 2 10 /^ :> 6 17 4 5 4 10 3 :> 18 22 o 5 »3 13 3 13 3 6 21 6 5 H 4 5 24 2 22 7000 21000 25000 43000 44000 34000 36000 13C00 43000 22000 26000 8000 3O000 31000 230C0 Remarks. ad^' C 260 ] Articles. Shot, Iron, Round. 3 Pounder ------- 2I - d? ^a' - d? li - d? I - d? - Small Iron Balls, from 14 to 2 oz."! for Grape J Shot round, fixed to bottoms 18 \ pounders ------- j D? - d? - 12 D? - d? - 6 D? - d? - 2| Double-headed Ihot of fizes Chain - - - - Shells empty, 1 1 Inch _ - - D? d? 9 - - - D? d? 8 - - - D? d? 6 - - - Shells filled and fuzed - 9 pdrs. D? d? - d? - 6 - Hand Granades of fizes empty - Grnpefhot cafed in wood 6 pdrs. D? . d? - 4 - D? - d? - 2f - D? - Cannifter - 24 - D? - Quilted - D? - d? - 32 - D? - d? - 20 - D? - d? - 18 - D? - d? - 16 - D? - d? - 14 - D? - d? - 12 - D? - d? - 8 - D? - d? 7 - D? - d? - 6 - ■a- % ^ 29000 16400 21000 7000 4000 15000 27 23 30 50 4000 48 23 740 560 425 30 10 8000 25 50 30 92 52 3 3 61 54 72 57 36 130 29000 16400 21000 7000 4000 15000 27 23 30 50 4000 48 23 740 560 425 30 1(9 8000 25 50 30 92 52 3 3 125 61 54 72 57 36 130 Remarks. [ ^6i ] Articles. quilted d? d? c,^ Pounder d? d? '} Englifh Frepch -Tippoo's Grape Shot, D? D? - dr 2 D? - d? I Mufketswith and without bayonets, D? D? Carbines Mufket Barrels Match-lock Barrels Genjaul Barrels .. - - Piftols, old, odd Matchlocks - - - - Swords, Country, of Sorts Creffes Bayonets, Spare, of Sorts Cartridges, Cloth filled 32 Pounders D? D? D? D? D° D? D? D? D? D? D? D? D? D? D? D? D? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? 26 24 20 18 16 14 12 10 9 8 7 6 + 2| 2 I Empty Bags, of Sorts Gunpowder loofe - - - Mufkct-fliotted Cartridge Boxes Portfires lbs. 1 6 920 70 86 9000 izopo yooo 12000 12000 4000 1000 1 00c 32 76 55 618 448 50 659 1 10 1146 1017 230 702 loo 71 632 420 73900c 90 142 3.Y 2000 2000 2000 1 13 f 2 C3 __ -6 — 92» — 70 — 86 4000 15000 23000 37000 6000 1700G 18000 30000 lOOOO 22000 2000 2000 300 18 300 18 320 320 4000 8000 2000 8000 3000 9000 — 32 — 76 — 35^ ^^M> 55 61S 448 50 — 659 — no — 1 146 — 1017 2jO — 702 IOC — 71 3o 712 — 42c 160 1 6c 655c 739000 — 9c — 142, Remarks. crs N J3 a o C/3 3 o a £ 262 ] Articles. -!i ^ « « Q g ^ "^ ^ ■^ ^ Blue-lights Rockets of fizes, filled D. - empty Fuzces Drove, 8 Inch Copper Tubes, filled - Balls leaden, Miifket ioofe - D= Carbines Tons lb Pieces lbs Cables Candies Saltpetre in Bags D? Joofe - Sulphur Joofe Flints, Mufket Rofin Lead, Pig, D? Sheet Wax, Bees Rope Coir, 8 Inch, D? . 5 - D? - 14 D? Small, for Wadds, D? Europe, 4 Inch Howitzers D? Country, for Traces - Coils D? Trace, fixed to Yokes - Traces, Chain, Iron Chains, Iron^ old Axletrees, Iron, large, fpare D? - fraall Crowsfeer, Iron _ _ . Horfs-fhoe* Bellows, Smiths, Europe, D? - Country Jacks, Hand Priming Irons - Tube Boxes iron Bars, Square D? . Flat D? - Round D? - Beak Spades, Europe Sets Pairs 459 9000! 700I 451000 230000! 70 300 70J .450000 2000 96 578 500 6 H 6 le 4 12 40 12 18 26 6000 55000 12 6 4 2100 720 800J I 400J 100 500 92 30 16 4 t: Ci 459 9000 700 100 500 451000, 230000! ^3 300 70 450000 2000 96 578 coo ^ 6 14 6 10 4 12 92 70 12 18 26 6000 53000 3 12 6 16 8 2100 720 800 I 400 Remarks. ,«a C 263 ] Articles. Shovels Mamooties Country - Hammers, Sledge, large D? - for ciuting Stone D? - fmali Country - Iron Crows Anvils, Iron, Country Pickaxes, Country, Iharp pointed D? - broad - Felling Axes Iron Wedges - . . Drivers for cutting Stone Bill Hooks, Country Saws, crofs cut Steel Bars, fquare Steel, Country, fmall pieces Chiflels Tongs, Smiths, Country, - Machines, Iron, for Wall Pieces - Vices, Bench, large D? . fmall Iron, old, - - Candies Empty Boxes for Mufket Ammunition Yokes, Pole, fpare D? - Double for Traces - Engines, iron, for throwing Rockets Brals Trumpets Pouches, Miifl 655 Prefent, attached to draught Cattle D? d? to Carriage d? D? d? to Calves . - 7 I I 9 3468 3 8 I %2 15 4 151 998'i239 122, 155 37| 45 65a 419 20 4.^9 Total ?8 78 116314^9 2783 6.52 (Signed) Thomas Dallas, P. Agent. N. B. 82 Drauglit Bullocks, 36 Carriage, and 35 Calves, were received on the 17th of June. The Carriage Bullocks ar? all in weak condition. (Signed) P. A. Agnew, Military Secretary to the Commander in Chief, (A true Copy) G. BucHAN, Suh, Sicretaty* r 265 ] T^'he Letter from the Governor General, dated the 2^ Augujl 1799, frtnted under N? LI I. in this CoUe^ion^ was taken Jrom a Copy in Cypher, received overland, containing only Part of the original D if patchy as it -would have required a long 'Time to have put the Whole of it into Cypher. The original Difpatch having been received by a Sea Conveyance, fnce the former Part was printed, thefequel is here inferted. Letter from the Governor General to the Court of Directors, dated 3d Augufl, 1798 ; continued from Page 197. 48. The advantages refulting to your interefts, from the recent fettlement of Myfore, are lufficiently obvious, as they appear in the preceding parts of this dif- patch, and in the papers which accompany it. It may not, however, be ufelefs to fubmit to your Honorable Court, in a connected form, a general view of the whole 'of this important queflion, together with the reflexions which have arifen in my mind, from an anxious and affiduous attention to every branch of the fubjeft. 49. Since the firft war with Hyder Ally, the tranquillity of your pofl^effions has been continually menaced by the power of Myfore. Even in the intervals of peace which have fuccecded to the fevcral wars in which the Company has been engaged with Hyder Ally and Tippoo Sultaun, your fecurity in the Carnatic has ever been .precarious. During the celTation of adtual hoflilities, the defigns of the Sovereign of Myfore have (till continued uniformly holhle, and his means of executing them have always remained confidcrable, while the degrees of your fafcty have fluduated with the ftate of your military eftablifhments and preparations, and with the diftnbutioH of your force. 50. The baneful effefts of this perpetual flate of uncertainty and folicitude, have been felt, not only in the decay of agriculture, and of the arts of peaceful in- duftry on the Coaft of Coromandel, and in the rebellious fpirit of certain defcriptions of your fubjects on that Coaft, and on the Coaft of Malabar, but occafionally, throughout all India, in tlie diminution of the Briti(h influence and confideration at foreign Courts, in the rifing hopes of the turbulent and difaffedled, and in the decline of public and private credit, fliaken by repeated rumours of war, and by the conftant neceflity of guarding againlt (urprize, from the fudden aggrcifion of an enemy, whom no clemency or moderation could conciliate, and no faith could bind. 3 Z i;i. The a [ 266 3 51. The redudion of Tippoo Sultaun's power and refources, effeded by the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792, had weakened, but not extinguifhed, the caufe of thefe complicated evilf. Soon after the conclufion of peace, this caufe and its ef- fefts appear to have recovered a confiderable degree of adtivity and vigour, until, in the year 1796, the intrigues and military movements of Tippoo Sultaun com- pelled the Government General to afltmble the army on the Coaft of Coronnrdel, and in Autumn of 1797, fuch apprchenfions were juftly entertained ofliis defigns and power, as induced the Government of Fort St. George to abandon the profecu- • tion of an expedition ably planned, intimately connedled with your interelts, and which had already brought a heavy charge on your finances. 52. Judicious indeed, and provident, was the policy which dictated the re- linquifhment of that enterprize, fince fubfequent difcoveries and events have mani- fefled the great probability fif not the abfolute certainty) that the departure of the large force dcflined for Manilla would have proved a fignal to the watchful vengeance of Tippoo Sultaun to invatle the Carnatic, even without w^aiting for the aid of a French force, the afTiftance of which might not, perhaps, have appeared to him neceflary, during the abfence of a confiderable portion of our army. ^2' But the apprehenfion of the defigns and movements of the power of My- fore had never, perhaps, been more anxioufly or more juftly entertained, than be- tween the months of June and September 179S. It cannot be denied, that during that period, your interefts were menaced by a combination of the moft ferious dangers. The anxiety and fearfr hitherto entertained, with regard to the defigns of Tippoo Sultaun, were now confirmed, by a certain knowledge of his having aftu- ally propofed to the French, projed:s of the moft cxtenfive hoftility againfl your Pcffeflions in India. The alarm, as well as the danger, were confiderably aggra- vated by the formidable preparations of the French in the Mediterranean, by the apparently defperate ftate of our alliances in the Decan, and by the peculiar fitua- tion of the Court of Hyderabad, fubjefted to the will of a powerful French army and French faftion. 54. The fituation of our Allies at this period of general defpbndency, is now well known to your Honorable Court; it will therefore be fufKcient, in this place, to obferve, that the degree of danger, with which the Nizam and Pefhwa were threatened by the impending florm, exceeded that which menaced our pofi"efl!]ons. It is true, that Tippoo Sultaun's views againfl: the Courts of Poonah and Hyderabad were oftenfibly limited to the recovery of the ceflions made by him to thofe Powers in 1792; but it cannot be doubted, that his ambition and rapacity would have augmented with the progrefs of his vidories, and his revenge was not of a temper to be mitigated by fuccels. 55. Your Honorable Court is apprized of the changes which fucccfTively and rapidly C 267 J rapidly took place in the condition of our alliances, and of our armv, fubdiniting at Hytierabad, in place of a French fadlion and a French army, Britilli influence and a ronfiderable Britifh force, and producing, ultimately, the happy reftoration of confidence and energy among your fervants at Fort St. George: it is, therefore, unnccefTary to dwell on that part of the fubje'verc to the llate of the general cxpec^lations, at difTercnr periods of time previous to the war, and to comp.ire our actual fituation with thofe expt-ftations, as well as with our polition in the month of June 1798. 56. At that time, even the mofl: fanguine difpofitions, and thofe leaft affl-iftcd by the prevalent panic, would probably have been content to have detached Tippoo Sultaun from his alliance with the French Nation, in the hope that, without the aid of a French force, he would not attempt to difturb the tranquillity of the Car- natic. 57. Even at a later period, when the fubverfion of the French party at Hy- derabad, the reftoration of the Nizam to the condition of an efficient Ally, snd the advanced ftate of our military preparations, had inlpircd a general fpirit of confi- dence and zeal, the mofl confident and zealous would have deemed the iflTue of the approaching contefl: profperous, as well as honorable, if it had effected a confider- able redudlion of the power and refources of Tippoo Sultaun, and had obtained a reafonable indemnity for the expenfes of the Allies. 58. The entire deftrudion of Tippoo Sultaun's power, or the abfolute transfer of his refources, to any hand lefs inimical or lefs violent, would have been deemed a glorious termination, even of a long and expenfive conteft. 59. But the fuccefs of your arms in the fhort period of the late campaign, has not merely excluded the French from Myfore, provided an ample indemnity to you and to your Ally for the charges of the war, dcllroyed the hoflile power of Tippoo Sultaun, and effeiflually precluded its revival, but has transferred the fword of your implacable enemy into your own hands, and turned to your ulc the roain fprings of his wealth and ftrength. 60. By the Partition-Treaty of Myfore, you have acquired an augmentation of diredt territorial revenue, to the annual amount of about Star Pagodas 6,47,64 i. 10. By the Subfidiary Treaty of Seriiigapatam you have fecured an annuil lubfidy of Star Pagodas 7,00,000, making, together with your new territorial revenue, the fum of Star Pagodas 13,47,641. 10. and leaving (after deducting the provifion al- lotted for the families of Hyder Ally Khan and Tippoo Sulraun) an annual increafe of your funds in this quarter of India, equal to Star Pagodas 11,47,641. 10. Bur a reafonable expeftation is entertained, that the territory acquired by the Company, under the Treaty of Myfore, will yield, in the courlc of a few years, a fum'not lefs than , Star [ a6S 3 Star Pagodas 14,78,698. If Tuch an advance in the nominal revenue of the acquired difiridls fhould adtually be realized, the pofitive augmentation of your available annual refources, in confequence of the late fcttlement of Myfore, will amount nearly to twenty lacs of Star PagoddS : But in eftimating the increafe of your annual available refources, fince the month of June, 1798, the augmentation which took, place in the fubfidy payable by the Nizam is not to be omitted. By the Treaty of Hyderabad, conclud- ed on the firft of September, 1798, the annual fubfidy was augmented from Arcot Rupees 6,44,556, to Arcot Rupees 24,17,100, making an increafe annually of Ar- cot Rupees 17,72,544, or S;ar Pagodas 5,64,982. Thus the total augmentation of jour available annual refources, fince June, 1798, in this quarter of your poffeffions, amounts actually to Scar Pagodas 17,12,623, and if the revenue of the newly ac- quired territory fliould be realized (according to juft expedation) will amount to Star Pagodas 25,43,680. 61. Againft thefe acquifuions, mull be placed the expenfe of whatever addi- tions it may be found neceffiiry to make your military force, either in confequence of the extenfion of your territory, or of the fubfidiary engagements which have been contradcd with the Nizam, and with the Rajah of Myfore. 62. The fubfidiary force at Hyderabad muft be confidered as a part of your efficient ftrength, prepared for your fervice on any emergency, and ready to aid you, in any future war, as it has done in the laft. It does not appear to me pro- bable, that it will be ncceflary to make any confiderable addition to the military eftablifhment of Fort St. George, in confequence of the Treaty of Hyderabad ; nor do I apprehend, that the requiiite increafe of that eftablilhmcnt, and of the army of Bombay, in confequence of the two treaties annexed to this difpatch, will bear any proportion to the increafe of your revenue and refources : for it muft never be for- gotten, that while your territory has been extended, your frontier has been contrac- ted and ftrengthened, your principal enemy utterly diftroyed, and an Ally and de- pendant of the Company eftabliflied on his throne. 6^. I do not yet poflTcfs the means of ftating, with fufficient accuracy, to your Honorable Court, either the amount of the charges incurred in confequence of the va- rious meafures of preparation and precaution, which became necefTary on the difcovery of Tippoo Sultaun's hoftile defigns in June, 1798, or the amount of the expenfe which is to be placed to the account of the operations of the late war. The accumulated charges, both of our preparations and of the war, muft be confiderable ; but when- ever aftatement of the expenfes of the late war can be fubmitted to your Honorable Court, your wifdom and juftice will neccflarily diftinguifh the charges incurred for the purpofe of aflembiing an effeftive army in the field, from thofe adually belonging to the operations of your armies in Myfore, and to the fiege of Seringapatam. 64. From the moment that Tippoo Sultaun's negotiation had tranfpired, it became C .69 ] became an Indifpetifable duty to place the Carnatic in a pofture of complent defcincc. The experience of former wars with Myfore, the nature of the frontier of the Carnatic (cxpoli^d, in various points, by its almo'fl; innumerable pafles, to the inciir- fion of the enemy,) the adlual flate of affairs in India and in Europe, all concurred to convince me, that the only rational fyllem of defence againft Tippoo Sultaun was, to aflemble your armies on the Coafts of Coromandcl and Malabar, in fuch force^ in fuch a ftate of equipment, and in fuch a pofition, as fhould excite in the mind of the Sultaun, a juft alarm for the fafety of his capital. No other plan was calculated to fccure the Carnatic againfl: the ravages of his numerous cavalry -, becaufe no other plan would have compelled him to concentrate his forces within his own territories, for the defence of the vital point of his empire. His capital was not only the ob- jeftofhis pride, but the center of his power ; it was the flrongeft fortification, the principal granary of his army, his only arfenal, the repofitory of his treafure, and the prifon of the legitimate claimant of his throne, as well as of the families of all his great chieftains, whofe obedience he fecured by retaining the objedt of their reverence and affcAion, within the walls of the fortrefs of Seringapatam. On the prefervation of that fortrefs, therefore, depended the fate of his empire, and (although I did not negledt any pradticable precaution againft the contrary courfe of events) my judgment was always decided, that he would never abandon the defence of Seringa- patam, but with his life. 65. The fuccefs of the plan (founded on this opinion) fully anfwered its primary purpofe, fince no partof the Sultaun's force ventured to enter the Company's pof- felTions in the Carnatic during the late hoftilities. It alio fully anfwered the fccon- dary purpofe, of enabling your armies (when our fpecific negotiation had failed) to adt offenfively, with promptitude, vigour, and effeft. 66. Neither the expenfe of the magazines of grain and other ftores, on either Coaft, nor of the batterring train, with its equipment of cattle, ought therefore to be charged to the account of the war; for every expenfe incurred previous to the 3d February 1799 (the day on which Lieutenant General Harris received orders to march) muft and would have been incurred, if no war had taken place, and ought to be charged to the account of the indiipenfable defence of your pofleflions, according to the only plan which could provide effectually for that objed:. 67. The expenfes of moving the battering train to Seringapatam, as well as of maintainining the army in Myfore, cannot have much exceeded the charges which muft have been continued, if the whole had remained within your frontier ; and when it is confidered, that if the army with the battering train had not moved to Seringapatam, the expenfive, but necelfary fyftesn of defence already explained, muft have been protradted, until all danger from Tippoo Sultaun's connexion vvlth the French fhould have been averted, your Honorable Court will probably fandion my decided opinion, that the rapid movement of the Britir.i forces towards the fccne 4 A of C 27© 3 of t!ieir certain triumph, was not only the moft effedual, but the mofl: economical meafure which could have been adopted, to fruftrace the views of the enemy, and to fecure the tranquillity of your pofTeflions. 68. For, on the one hand, no profpeft appeared of any prafticable redoftion in the expenfe of a defenfive fyftem, during the continuance of the war between Great Britain and France, while every hour of delay in the movement of our army, afforded to Tippoo Sultaun the means of increafing his ftrength, of receiving fuccours from the French, and confequently, of aggravating to the Company, both the expenfe and hazard of the impending conteft. 69. On the other hand, the ftate of our army, the arrangements which had been made for its equipment and fupply in every department, and the period of the feafon, kft no doubt, that the great objeft of the war would be attained in one fliort cam- paign. Nor did this calculation prove to have been in any degree fanguine -, for al- J though an alarm of a deficiency of grain prevailed in the army before Seringapatam on the 16th of April, it appeared foon after, upon an accurate examination, that at that time, (exclufiveof the immenfe depot eftablifhed in the diftridl of Coorga") a quantity of grain remained in camp, fufficient to maintain the whole of the fighting men of the army, at half allowance, until the zoih of May; and on the 13th of that month. Major General Floyd returned to Seringapatam, with the large lupplies which had been forwarded from the Carnatic, under the care of Lieutenant Colonels Read and Brown. It may alfo be ufcful to remark, in this place, that if any accident had protradl- ed the operations of the fiege, beyond the 4th of May, ample time would ftill have remained for the redudion of the place, previous to the riling of the Cavery, fince the four eldeft fons of Tippoo Sultaun, with an efcort of 1,500 men, and a confi- derable train of attendants, crofled that river on the iSth of June, on which day the water was nearly as low as on the day of the affault. 70. Reviewing all thefe circumflances, your FJonorable Court will hereafter compare the expenfe incurred by the movement of the army to Seringapatam, with the probable charges of any other prafticable plan of policy, or of military operation. In any view of the fubjeil it will probably appear, that the increafeof your revenue and pecuniary reiources, obtained by the iffue ot the war, far overbalances the combined ex- penfe of the preparations for your defence, and of the operations of the late campaign, 71. But in addiiion to this pofitive indemnification for your expenfes, your Honorable Court will alfo confider the augmentation of your commercial and military refources from the conquelt of Myfore. 72. Hitherto, all traffic between your fubjeifls or dependants and thofe of the late Sultaun was nearly prohibited, by the rellraints to which his hatred of the Britifli Nation, or his ignorance aod prejudice, had iiibjeded the communication with your polTeffions. [ ^71 3 pofleflions. Thefe reftralnts being removed, and every proper encouragement to commercial incercoiirfe being fubftituted in their place, it may reajbnably be ex- pedted, that the neighbouring, and now united countries of the Carnaiic and My- fore, will mutually confume a confiderable portion of their refpe(ftive productions and manufadlures, and that even a proportion of Britilh commodities will foon find a market in Myfore. My information, with regard to the articles pro'^uced, manufacfliired, orconfu;ned, in the countries acquired by the Companyland by the Rajah of Myfore, is at prefent too imperfeft to enable me to form any accunat^^StWlation of the podible incrcale of the imports from the Coaft of Malabar to Europe ; but it appears probable,, that your inveftment in the article of pepper may foon be augmented, to any extent which you may deem advifable. 73 Your military refources may be confidered to have received a great aug- mentation, not only from the additional fupplies of grain, provlfions, and entile, which your cor.nedion with Myfore places at your difpofal, but from the new chan- nels which it opens for recruiting the native force, both of thePrefidencie s of Fort St. George ani Bombay. Under this hea t, may alfo be confidered the fuperiority of the climate of Myfore, to any in this quarter of India, and the means which it affords of prelerving the health, and confequent efficiency of European troops. 74. Highly as I eftimate thefe immediate and diredl advantages of revenu ' and of commercial and military refource, I confider the recent fettlement of My_ fore to be equally important to your interefts, in its tendency to encreafe your pollti cal confidcration and influence among the Native Powers of India, together with your means of maintaining internal tranquillity and order among your Uibjefts and dependants, and of defending your poffcfiions againft any enemy, either Afiatic or European, . 75. Thefe are principles of fubftantial and durable fecurity, the operation of wkich mad be felt throughout every part of your poffeffions, and in every branch of your affairs both in India and Europe. 76. The balance which it was the policy of the Treaty of Seringapatam, in 1792, to eftablifh between the Native Powers of India, was foon deranged by the courfe of events : our influence in the general fcale proved infufficient, not only to maintain peace between our Allies, but to check, either the rapid decline of their refpective refources and ftrength, or the growing afcendencv of the French faftion at Hyderabad, on the fyftematic machinations of Tippoo Sultaun. I'.xperience has manifefted, that the power preferved to that infatuated and reftlefs Prince, muft al- ways have been thrown into the fcale oppofed to our interefts, and that, in nopofli- blec ombination or conflict of the politics of Poonah and Hyderabad, could the iiuerpofition or neutrality of Tippoo Sultaun take a bias favourable to our fecurity . If he menaced vvar, or fought alliance with cither or^wiih both thofe States, hib uniformobjecl was I 27^ ] was our difturbanee : If he remained neuter, cither in their diflentions or union, it was to preierve his own ftrength unimpaired for that conteft with ours, which formed the favourite fcope of all his views. In no cafe, has his power been brought into aftion, or remained at refl, without a hoftile defign, and an injurious effedt to our influence and confideration. The balance is now in our own hands •, we now poffefs the jrre- iiftible power, either of concentrating the moft efficient part of the refources of Myfore in one mafs, for our fingle defence againft any poffible combination ; or of throwing the fame weight into that fcale, which fhall appear to require fuch an aid, for the prefervation of the general tranquillity, on the folid bafis of moderation and 'juttice. 77. The connexion between the Nizam and the French is entirely difTolved, under circuraftances which, i truft, will render its renewal impraflicable, at lead for many years. 78. The intrigues of Tippoo Sultaun among the Rajahs inhabiting the Coaft of Malabar, among the Poligars in the Carnatic, and among every other defcription of your difaffefted or refradlory fubjefts, were the fources of continual commotion within your territories, while the vicinity of the hoftile frontier of Myfore offered reiuge and impunity to every offender againft your authority, and to every difturber of the public peace. It may reafonably be expedled, that the eflablirtiment of your influence in Myfore, will operate as a powerful check on the fpirit of diforder in your own pofleffions, and by removing the caufesof internal weaknefs, may enable you to oppofe every foreign attack with greater confidence and vigour. 79. Such appear to me to be the confequences of the late fettlement, as they relate more immediately to the interefts of the Honorable Company; but it will be proper to confider them alfo as they afi^edt our Allies. So. The eflablifliment of a Hindoo State in Myfore, with the refl:oration of the temples and endowments of that religion, muft be grateful to the Government of Poonah, independently of the advantages arifing from the fubflitution of a power of the fame religion and of pacific views, in the place of an odious Mahomedan Ufur- p:ition, fcarcely lels hoftile to the Mahratta than to the Bricifh Nation. 81. With regard to the Nizam, the folid and permanent benefits which have jefulted to his Highnefs from the recent improvement of his connedfion with the Company, and particularly from the new fettlement of Myfore, are obvious and con- fuierable. The exiftence of his throne was faved, by the deftfudion of the French party at Hyderabad, in Oftober 1798. '1 he formidable power of Tippoo Sultaun, which perpetually menaced his Highncfs's pofTeflions, and filled his court and domi- fiions with intrigues and treafon, has been annihilated, and a friendly and allied State tilabliflied in Myfore. His H'ghnefs has received a large encrcafe of territory, reve- 3 nue, C 273 ] nue, and power, together with feveral important fortreffes, tending greatly to fecure the tranquillity of his dominions. His cxpenfes in the war have been inconfiderablc ; and if a comparifon were to be inftitutedj of the advantages accruing to hinn and to the Company from the vvhole arrangement, thofe obtained by his Hitihneis would probably be found to preponderate: For the danger from which he has been delivered, was even more imminent than that which menaced the Company's pollVnions ; and while his cxpenfes have borne no proportion to ours, he has attained equal benefits, both of indemnification and fecurity. The collateral benefits derivable by the Com- pany from its connexion with the Rajah of Myfore, will neceflarily extend to the Nizam, and be fcarcely lefs felt by him, than by us, while he (hall remain faithful to his alliance with the Company. I have the fatisfadtion to know, that his moft able and experienced counfellors are fully fenfible of the extenfive and folid benefits ac- quired by hisHighnefs, under the general operation of the late treaties, I am there- fore perfuaded, that his Highnefs's juft fenfe of the permanent interefts of his State, will command his cordial co-operation in the maintenance of the new fettlemcnt. 82. The interefls of the Rajah of Myfore being identified with thofe of the Company, and the fafety, prolpericy, and honor of the Pefliwa and of the Nizam being amply fecured by the Treaties of Hyderabad and Myfore, and by the Sub- fidiary Treaty of Seringapatam, I entertain a confident expedation, that the recent fettlcment of the dominions of Tippoo Sultaun will prove not kfs durable than, I truft, it will be found equitable in its fundamental principles, beneficial in its general operation, and conformable, in every point of view, to the liberal charafter of the Engiilh Eaft India Company, and to the juft and moderate policy eftabliflied by Parliament for the Government of the Britifti Empire in India. I have the honor to be, with the greateft refpedt. Honorable Sirs, Fort St. George, Your moft obedient and faithful fervant, 3d Aug. 1799. (Signed) MorningtoH. 4B [ '^75 J The Joi lowing Particulars relative to the Conduil of^J^ppo Sultaun, on the Day of the jJJfauli and Capture of Seringapatam^^Tr- taken from the Bombay Courier, of the 2i,th Auguf, 1799. Extract of a Letter from Camp at Seringapatam. <' I fend you the following particulars relative to the conduft of the late Tippoo Sultaun on the 4th May, colledred chiefly from the Killadar of Seringapatam, and from accounts given by fome of his own fervants. " The Sultaun went out early in the morning, as was his cuftom daily, to one of the cavaliers of the outer rampart of the north face, whence he could obferve what was do- ing on both fides: he remained there till about noon, when he took his ufoal repaft under a Pandal. It would appear, that he had at that time no fufpicion of the aflaulc being fo near; for when it was reported to him, that our parallels and approaches were unufually crouded with Europeans, he did not exprefs the leaft apprehenfion, nor take any other precaution, but defiring the meffcrger ta return to the weft face with orders to Meer Gofhar, with the troops on duty near the breach, to keep a ftridt guard. *• A few minutes afterwards he was informed, that Meer Gofhar had been killed by a cannon fliot near the breach, which intelligence appeared to agitate him greatly. He immediately ordered the troops that were near him under arms, and his perfonal fervants to load the carbines which they carried for his own ufe, and haften along the ramparts towards the breach, accompanied by a feledt guard and feveral of his chiefs, till he met a number of his troops flying before the van of the Europeans, who he perceived had already mounted and gained the ramparts. Here he exerted himfeif to rally the fugitives, and uniting them with his own guard, encouraged them by his voice and example to make a determined fland. He repeatedly fired on our troops himfeif, and one of his fervants affcrts, that he faw him bringdown feveral Europeans near the top of the breach. " Notwithftanding thefe exertions, when the front of the European flank com- panics of the left at'.ack approached the fpot where the Sultaun ftood, he found him- feif almofl: entirely deferted, and was forced to retire to the traverfes of the North 4 C Ramparts ; [ 276 ] Ramparts ; thefc he defended, one after another, v/iih the braveft of his men and officers, and alfjited by the fire of his people on the inner wall, he fevcral times ob- liged the front of o'jr troops, who were purtiing on with their ufual ardor, to make a ftand. The lofs here wouid have been much greater on our part, had not the light infantry and part of the battalion companies of the twelfth regiment, crofTing the inner ditch, and mounting the rampart, driven the enemy from them, and taken in reverfethofe who, with the Sultaun, were defending the travcffes of the outer ram- parts. " While any of his troops remained with him, the Sultaun continued to difpute the ground, until he approached the pallage acrols the ditch to the gate of the inner fort ; here he complained of pain and weaknefs in one of his legs, in which he had received a bad wound when very young, and ordering his horfe to be brought, he mounted; but feeing the Europeans Rill advancing on both the ramparts, he made for the gate, followed by his palanquin and a number of officers, troops, and fer- vants. h was then, probably, his intention either to have entered and (hut the gate,, in order to attack the fmall body of our troops which had got into the inner forr, afld if fuccefsful in driving them out, to have attempted to have maintained it againft us, or to endeavoui to make his way to the palace and there make his laft ftand ; but as he was crofllng to the gate by the communication from the outer rampart, he re- ceived a mufquet-ball in the right fide, nearly as high as the breaft: he however ftill preffed on, till he was flopped, about half way through the arch of the gateway, hy the fire of the 12th light infantry from within, when he received a fecond ball clofe to the other. The horfe he rode on, being alfo wounded, funk under hmi, and his turban fell to the ground. Many of his people fell at the fame time, on every fide, by mufquetry, both from within and without the gate. e " The fallen Sultaun was immediately raifed by fome of his adherents and placed upon his palanquin, under the arch, and on one fide the gateway, where he lay or fat for fome minutes faint and exhaufted, till fome Europeans entered the gateway. A fervant, who has furvived, relates that one of the fuldiers feized the Sultaun's Iword- belt (which was very rich; and attempted to pull it off; that the Sultaun, who flill held his fword in his hand, made a cut at the foldier with all his remaining ftrength, and wounded him about the knee, on which he put his piece to his flioulder, and fhoc the Sultaun through the temple, when he inftantly expired. " Notlefs than three hundred men were killed and numbers wounded under the arch of this gateway, which foon became impaffable, excepting over the bodies of the dead and dying. " About dufk, General Baird, in confequence of information he had received at the Palace came with lights to the gate, accompanied by the late Killadar of the fort and others, to fearch for the body of the Sultaun, and after much labour it was ^ found [ ^77 3 found and brought from under a heap of llain to the infide of the gate. The coun- tenance was no ways diftorted, but had an cxprefTion of ftern compofure ; his turban, jacket, and fword-belt were gone, but the body was recognized by f -me of his people, who were there, to be Parljhaiv, and an ofiicer who was prefent, with the leave of General Baird, took from off his right arm the Talifman, which contained, fewcd up in pieces of fine flowered filk, an amulet of a brittle metallic fubftance of the colour of filver, and fome manufcripts in Magic Arabic and Perfian characters, the purport of which, had there been any doubt, would have fufficiently afcertained the identity of the Sultaun's body. It was placed on his own palanquin, and, by General I> .ird's orders, conveyed to the court of the Palace, where it remained during the i.ight, furnifliing a remarkable inlttnce to thofe who are given to refltdion, of the uncer- tainty of human affairs. He, who had left his P.ilace in the morning a powerful, imperious Sultaun, full of vail ambitious projefts, was brought back a lump of clay, his kingdom overthrown, his capital taken, and his P.ilace occupied by the very man, (Major General Baird) who about fifteen years before had been, wiuh other vidtims of his cruelty and tyranny, releaied from near four years of rigid confinement in irons, fcaice three hundred yards from the fpot where the corpfe of the Sultaun now lay. " Thus ended the life and the power of Tippoo Sultaun. It will require an able pen to delineate a charaft--r apparently fo inconfiftent, but he who attempts it muft not decide haftily." UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY This book is DUE on the last date stamped lielow m L-n -J.'iidiir) mh .1 475.3 [East India "^fadvlces. -:tDS 475.3 A2E2 58 01024 9554 D 000 000 962 ■ J-^:. M^ ■f^, '■■■ ^: _ 1 ■ - « \