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 FOREWORD 
 
 HE Panama- Pacific Dental Congress was primarily 
 conceived as Dentistry's contribution to the celebra- 
 tion of the opening of the Panama Canal. 
 
 As the great water-way which now unites the Atlantic and 
 Pacific — bringing nearer the East and West — contributes 
 to a better understanding of men and nations engaged in 
 travel and trade, so — it is expected — will this Congress of 
 Dentists, representing so many countries and branches of 
 the Science, do much to bring about a more perfect profes- 
 sional brotherhood, and to disseminate the results of that 
 knowledge, experience and skill which Dental Medicine 
 brings for the alleviation of pain and the conservation of 
 oral health. 
 
 This book is the Official Program and Souvenir of the 
 Congress. The arrangement of the papers and clinics will 
 be, for obvious reasons, subject to change, and a Daily 
 Bulletin will be issued containing the day's program. 
 
 Appreciation and thanks are expressed to Mr. Robert 
 Newton Lynch, Mr. Frank Morton Todd, The San Fran- 
 cisco Chamber of Commerce, the Publicity Bureau of the 
 Panama - Pacific Exposition, Sunset Magazine and the 
 World Traveller De Luxe for much of the interesting 
 data relative to San Francisco and the Exposition. 
 
 — Program Committee. 
 
 '-SL\ 
 
Copyright 1915 
 
 THE ABBOTT PRESS 
 SAN FRANCISCO 
 
i 
 
 - . ^ 
 
 Table of Contents 
 
 Title Page 
 
 Foreword 
 
 Officers 
 
 Committees, Local 
 
 History of the Organization and Pro- 
 motion of the Panama-Pacific Dental 
 Congress 
 
 Dentistry in America 
 
 History of U. S. Army Dental Corps 
 
 Development of Dental Service in the 
 U. S. Navy 
 
 Argentina 
 
 Dentistry in Australia 
 
 Dentistry in Austria-Hungary 
 
 Canadian Dentistry 
 
 History of Dentistry in Chile 
 
 The Dental Profession in Colombia 
 
 Brief History of Dentistry in Cuba 
 
 Dental Profession in Denmark, The 
 
 England 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Dentist's Work in Finland, The 
 
 Synopsis of the Evolution of Dentistry 
 in France 
 
 Dental Institute of Guatemala, The 
 
 State of Dentistry in Italy, The 
 
 Dentistry in Hawaii 
 
 3 Officers of the Sections 
 
 71 
 
 5 Membership and Rules 
 
 73 
 
 9 Synopsis of General Program 
 
 75 
 
 10 Congress Announcements 
 
 80 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 Dentistry in New Zealand 
 Dentistry in Peru 
 Philippine Islands, The 
 Dental Association in Porto Rico 
 Dentistry in Sweden 
 Dental School of Salvador 
 I breign Committees 
 State and National Executive Commit- 
 tees 
 
 List of Societies and Their Officers 
 which will meet with the Panama- 
 Pacific Dental Congress 81 
 Scientific Foundation and Research 
 
 Commission, N. D. A. 83 
 
 Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity 85 
 
 Psi Omega Fraternity 86 
 
 Xi Psi Phi Fraternity 88 
 
 Hygiene, Dental, Pedagogics, Histologi- 
 cal, Anthropological and School Clinic 
 Exhibits 89 
 
 Program of Papers by Sections 91 
 
 Daily Program of Papers 109 
 
 Alphabetical List of All Contributors to 
 
 the Program 113 
 
 Section on Clinics 117 
 
 The Dentist — An Appreciation 123 
 
 San Francisco — History 127 
 
 Panama-Pacific International Exposi- 
 tion 130 
 Map Bay Counties 132 
 How to See San Francisco by Trolley 
 
 and Cable 133 
 
 Points of Interest in San Francisco 
 Short Out-of-Town Trips 
 Telegraph, Cable and Express Offices 
 Hospitals and Sanatoriums 
 Churches 
 
 General Information 
 List of Exhibitors and Their Repre- 
 sentatives 145 
 Commercial Announcements 147 
 Index 191 
 
 --•K- 
 
But nothing is more estimable than a physician who, having studied nature from his 
 youth, knows the properties of the human body, the diseases which assail it, the remedies 
 which will benefit it, exercises his art with caution, and pays equal attention to the rich and 
 the poor. — Voltaire. 
 
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 1 
 
 Officers 
 
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 Officers of the Pacific Dental Congress Commission of 1915 
 
 
 1 
 
 Frank L. Piatt, Chairman, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 
 Arthur M. Flood, Secretary, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 
 Fred G. Baird, Treasurer, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Joseph Loran Pease, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 1 ■■ .V 
 
 R. R. GifFen, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 1"/ l- 
 
 
 Officers of the Panama-Pacific Dental Congress 
 
 1 ? 
 
 
 President, Frank L. Piatt, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 
 Vice-President, Chas. M. Benbrook, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 
 
 Secretary, Arthur M. Flood, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 
 
 Treasurer, Fred G. Baird. San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 , 
 
 
 Officers and Members of the Committee of Organization 
 
 j 
 
 1 
 
 
 Frank L. Piatt, Chairman, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 
 
 Arthur W. Chance, Vice-Chairman, Portland, Ore. 
 
 
 
 Arthur M. Flood, Secretary, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 
 
 Fred G. Baird, Treasurer, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 
 
 H. A. Fredrick, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 
 
 Joseph Loran Pease, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 
 
 H. G. Chappel, Oakland. Cal. 
 C. F. Jarvis, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 
 
 T. Sydney Smith, Palo Alto, Cal. 
 
 
 
 R. B. Giffen, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 
 T3^ 
 
 Charles M. Benbrook, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 
 m 
 
 George T. Williams, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 George F. Stiehl, Salt Lake City, Utah 
 Albert A. Jessup, Boise, Idaho 
 
 
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 H. H. Wilson, Phoenix, Ariz. 
 
 
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 Local Committees 
 
 PROGRAM COMMITTEE 
 
 E. E. Evans, Chairman, Oakland, Cal. 
 Herbert J. Samuels, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 Shirley J. Ashby, San Francisco, Cal. 
 M. J. Congdon, Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 CLINIC COMMITTEE 
 
 John D. Millikin, Chairman, San Francisco E. J. Howard, San Francisco, Cal. 
 Samuel W. Hussey, Berkeley, Cal. Homer T. Craig, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 H. C. Peters, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 EXHIBIT COMMITTEE 
 
 H. A. Fredrick, Chairman, San Francisco Hugh Avary, San Francisco, Cal. 
 B. C. Best, San Francisco, Cal. W. M. Gwinn, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Arnold B. Peters, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE 
 
 Henry Woods Weirick, 
 Harry P. Evans, New York City. 
 Alpheus R. Brown, Boston, Mass. 
 J. D. Eby, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Chairman, San Francisco, Cal. 
 R. W. Berthel, St. Paul, Minn. 
 C. F. Fiset, Seattle, Wash. 
 E. M. Carson, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 F. W. Gethro, Chicago, 111. 
 
 ?! 
 
 m 
 
Local Committees 
 
 LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE 
 
 Joseph J. Pfister, Chairman, San Francisco 
 Geo. N. Van Orden, San Francisco, Cal. 
 H. D. Noble, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Chas. H. McCarthy, San Francisco, Cal. 
 Thos. A. Vogel, San Francisco, Cal. 
 W. J. Burridge, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 ENTERTAINMENT COMMITTEE 
 
 Frank C. Pague, Chairman, San Francisco, 
 
 Cal. 
 Paul A. Mariotte, Oakland, Cal. 
 A. W. Ward, San Francisco, Cal. 
 Edward Otis Whitney, San Francisco, Cal. 
 Franklin H. Locke, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 Lieut. Robert T. Oliver, Dental Surgeon, 
 
 U. S. A. 
 Lieut. William Chambers, Dental Surgeon, 
 
 U. S. A. 
 Lieut. Frank W. Wolven, Dental Surgeon, 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
 Lieut. George H. Casaday, Dental Surgeon, U. S. A. 
 Lieut. Emory A. Bryant, Dental Surgeon, U. S. N. 
 
 LADIES' AUXILIARY COMMITTEE 
 
 
 President, Mrs. L. L. Dunbar, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 Vice-President at Large, Mrs. Garrett 
 Newkirk, Pasadena, Cal. 
 
 General Secretary, Mrs. Henry Woods 
 Weirick, San Francisco, Cal. 
 Vice-Presidents 
 
 Mrs. C. L. Goddard, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Mrs. E. L. Townsend, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Mrs. Elmer E. Evans, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 Mrs. Arthur W. Chance, Portland, Ore. 
 
 Mrs. Geo. T. Williams, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Mrs. A. A. Jessup, Boise, Idaho. 
 
 Mrs. W. L. Ellerbeck, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Mrs. C. T. Starr, Reno, Nev. 
 
 Mrs. H. H. Wilson, Phoenix, Ariz. 
 
W^'7^. 
 
 History of the Organization and Promotion of the 
 Panama-Pacific Dental Congress 
 
 ii 
 
 m 
 
 By Dr. Frank L. Platt 
 
 N January 10, 1910, at a 
 meeting of the San Fran- 
 cisco Dental Association, 
 resolution was adopted, 
 providing for the appoint- 
 ment of a committee to 
 take the initial steps to- 
 ward holding a dental congress, interna- 
 tional in character, in San Francisco, dur- 
 ing the period of the Panama-Pacific Inter- 
 national Exposition, and appropriating the 
 sum of one hundred dollars to meet the 
 expenses of the committee in the discharge 
 of its duties. 
 
 At the February meeting of the society 
 the personnel of the committee was an- 
 nounced as follows: 
 
 Chairman, Dr. W. A. L. Knowles; Mem- 
 bers, Dr. Frank L. Platt, Dr. Guy S. Mill- 
 berry, Dr. James G. Sharp and Dr. Charles 
 E. Post. 
 
 This committee met at various times dur- 
 ing 1910 and 1911 to devise ways and means 
 for promoting the congress and finally called 
 a convention of delegates representing the 
 dental societies of Oregon, Washineton, 
 Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Arizona and Califor- 
 nia, to form a representative committee of 
 organization to promote the interests of the 
 congress. 
 
 This convention met on March 14, 1913, 
 adopted by-laws, and elected officers as fol- 
 lows: Dr. Frank L. Platt, Chairman; Dr. 
 Arthur M. Flood, Secretary; Dr. W. A. L. 
 Knowles, Treasurer. 
 
 It was decided that these officers, with 
 twelve directors, constitute the officers and 
 board of directors of the committee. Of 
 the twelve directors, five were to be chosen 
 from the members of the profession resid- 
 ing near San Francisco to facilitate secur- 
 ing a quorum at meetings of the commit- 
 tee, one from Southern California, and one 
 from each of the Pacific Coast States rep- 
 resented in the convention. These directors 
 were to be elected by the dental societies 
 of their respective States. 
 
 Drs. H. G. Chappel, J. L. Pease, Fred G. 
 
 Baird, R. B. Giffen and A. M. Barker were 
 elected to the directorate. 
 
 Reports of several sub-committees of the 
 original committee were read and discussed, 
 the membership fee was fixed at ten dollars, 
 and it was voted that the organization incor- 
 porate in order to facilitate the transaction 
 of business. 
 
 The delegates to the convention and the 
 original committee of organization having 
 performed the duties entrusted to them, 
 passed out of official existence and the Com- 
 mittee of Organization of the Panama-Pa- 
 cific Dental Congress assumed full control 
 of the destinies of the organization. 
 
 At the first meeting of the Committee of 
 Organization committees were appointed on 
 revision of by-laws and incorporation whose 
 reports were adopted at later meetings. On 
 the advice of the attorney for the board, it 
 was decided that the corporation to be 
 formed consist of only five members rather 
 than the whole committee of organization, 
 that it have a distinctive title and have full 
 control of the finances of the congress. In 
 pursuance of this plan, the incorporation of 
 the Pacific Dental Congress Commission of 
 1915 was effected with the following of- 
 ficers: (Dr. W. A. L. Knowles resigning as 
 Treasurer of the Congress and declining to 
 strve as Treasurer of the Commission) ; Dr. 
 Frank L. Platt, President; Dr. Arthur M. 
 Flood, Secretary ; Dr. Fred G. Baird, Treas- 
 urer, and Dr. R. B. Giflfen and Dr. Joseoh 
 Loran Pease. 
 
 The adoption of the plan of incorporation 
 abolishing the office of Treasurer of the 
 Committee, the office of Yice-Chairman was 
 created in order to maintain the required 
 number of offices and provide for emergen- 
 cies and Dr. W. A. L. Knowles was elected 
 Vice-Chairman of the Committee of Organi- 
 zation. 
 
 The only stock issued was one share to 
 each member of the corporation, which, un- 
 der its charter, was empowered to issue 
 three thousand debenture bonds of the value 
 of ten dollars each. The funds derived 
 
 
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from their sale are to be used to promote 
 and finance the congress with the under- 
 standing that when the duties of the cor- 
 poration are performed, its debts paid and 
 the congress closed, any sum remaining in 
 the treasury shall be divided pro rata among 
 the holders of the debentures. In order to 
 bring these matters to the attention of the 
 profession, a mass meeting was held in San 
 Francisco, April 29, 1912, at which time the 
 purposes of the Committee of Organization 
 and the Corporation were explained. At this 
 meeting twelve memberships in the congress 
 were taken and two thousand one hundred 
 and thirty dollars subscribed for debentures. 
 At a meeting of the committee held on 
 August 17, 1912, Dr. Frank L. Piatt and 
 Dr. A. M. Flood were appointed delegates 
 to attend the meeting of the National Den- 
 tal Association at Washington, D. C, and 
 were instructed to invite that organization 
 to adjourn its regular 1915 meeting to 
 meet with the Panama-Pacific Dental Con- 
 gress in San Francisco. This invitation was 
 accepted and the congress given most sub- 
 stantial encouragement by the National As- 
 sociation. To carry out the general plan 
 of publicity of the congress, executive 
 committees were appointed in practically 
 every state and country in the world, their 
 duties being to bring the congress to the 
 attention of their state and local societies, 
 secure memberships and contributions to 
 program. The dentists of the state of 
 Colorado failing to take an active part in 
 the organization and having elected no 
 director. Dr. H. A. Fredrick of San Fran- 
 cisco was elected a Director and member 
 of the Committee of Organization. At a 
 meeting of the committee held in Oakland, 
 Cal., June 4, 1913, the question of the 
 election of permanent officers of the con- 
 gress was discussed, and it was determined 
 in view of the unpleasant circumstances at- 
 
 tending the election of officers of the Fourth 
 International Congress held at St. Louis, 
 Mo., that such an election be held at once. 
 The following officers were then elected : 
 President, Dr. Frank L. Piatt, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. ; Vice-President, Dr. Chas. M. 
 Benbrook, Los Angeles, Cal. ; Secretary, 
 Dr. Arthur M. Flood, San Francisco, Cal. ; 
 Treasurer, Dr. Fred G. Baird, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 At the meeting held on August 30, 1913, 
 the resignation of Drs. Knowles and Bar- 
 ker were accepted and Dr. C. F. Jarvis of 
 Oakland, Cal., and Dr. T. Sydney Smith, 
 Palo Alto, Cal., were elected to succeed 
 them, and Dr. Arthur W. Chance of Port- 
 land, Ore., was elected Vice-Chairman of 
 the Committee of Organization. A vast 
 amount of correspondence has been carried 
 on by the committee in securing exhibits, 
 memberships and program for the con- 
 gress, but the results obtained seem to have 
 justified the expense and labor involved. 
 
 The dental journals of the world have 
 been most generous in giving their pages 
 for the publication of data relating to the 
 congress and have promoted its interests 
 quite materially. Manufacturers and deal- 
 ers everywhere have responded to the in- 
 vitation to exhibit at the congress and 
 given it their generous support. The of- 
 ficers and members of the executive com- 
 mittees and of the sections into which the 
 congress is divided have labored long and 
 earnestly to make its sessions notable, and 
 the program of which this is a part tells 
 the story of their success. This history 
 from necessity is brief. It embodies but an 
 outline of the work of the various commit- 
 tees of the congress but is printed in the 
 hope that it will suffice and in the knowledge 
 that it, unlike some histories — so far as it 
 goes — tells the truth. 
 
 M 
 
■zr 
 
 Dentistry in America 
 
 By Guy S. Mii.lberry, D. D. S. 
 
 jT*"'. " " O epitomize the facts, 
 
 • which as an expression of 
 
 public opinion, have given 
 America recognition as be- 
 ing foremost in dentistry 
 today, requires an encyclo- 
 I pedic training which few 
 
 dare presume to possess, 
 and it is with much hesi- 
 tancy and perturbation that the writer as- 
 sumes the responsibility of presenting this 
 information in the limited allotted space. 
 What events stand out pre-eminently as 
 causative factors in this achievement? Who 
 among the character builders of this nation, 
 by their influence and ability, molded the 
 makers of modern dental science? What 
 institutions were the cradles of American 
 genius? What thoughts, what ideas were 
 responsible for our remarkable growth? 
 
 The omniscient mind, master over all 
 things, is responsible for a national ideal- 
 ism, represented in the character of a peo- 
 ple. Occasionally digressions from the 
 usual march of progress stamp with a cer- 
 tain individualism the people of one nation 
 or another, an individualism that stands out 
 pre-eminently as a possession of its own, 
 and America can well be proud of the 
 digression which has led our people into a 
 field of usefulness toward an individualism 
 acknowledged throughout the world for its 
 standards of efficiency. Not alone have 
 American dentists achieved distinction in 
 other lands, but American institutions have 
 educated persons of foreign birth who 
 have returned to their native lands to dis- 
 seminate American ideas amongst their 
 fellowmen. 
 
 A discussion of the importance of good 
 dentistry or a review of the history of den- 
 tistry in America cannot be even briefly 
 dwelt upon in presenting the facts which 
 stand out boldly as creative influences dur- 
 ing the last century or indicating the 
 progress of dental science in recent years. 
 
 The Panama-Pacific International Expo- 
 sition, responsible for the holding of this 
 Congress, is intended to portray the more 
 recent events in the progress of our nation, 
 yet I feel it would not be too presumptu- 
 ous to go back to a period well within the 
 
 last century, when Hayden and Harris con- 
 ceived the idea of making dentistry a liberal 
 profession and proposed to elevate it to a 
 position where the appellation of "a den- 
 tist" would not be a reproach, in discussing 
 the recent events in our progress. 
 
 The '40's stand out as an epoch-making 
 decade in American dentistry, encompass- 
 ing within that decade the organization of 
 the first dental school, dental association 
 and dental journal, and the application of 
 nitrous oxide and ether in producing anes- 
 thesia, as some of the most significant 
 things in our history. California, whose 
 hospitality you are enjoying, dated its re- 
 birth in this same decade with the discov- 
 ery of gold in 1848. 
 
 Names do not stand for much except as 
 they reveal character, and when character 
 develops so as to be an inspiration for 
 good to all who come within the sphere of 
 its influence, it represents the highest de- 
 gree of individualism. The desire on the 
 part of Doctors Hayden and Harris to pro- 
 vide better educational facilities for tho.se 
 who desired to practice dentistry, and the 
 character of these two men is in a very 
 large sense responsible for our present posi- 
 tion. Eugenics teaches us that the best 
 traits of character and the best strains in 
 physical development are worth cultivating 
 and perpetuating. If we are to believe in 
 eugenics, and recent progress in the do- 
 main of plant and animal husbandry prove 
 its verity; if we believe in Mendelian the- 
 ories with regard to hereditary strains ; 
 then the impulses and desires of Hayden 
 and Harris were only the expression of 
 will formed through the development of 
 their character and that of their ancestors. 
 
 Horace H. Hayden (1768-1844) after 
 gratifying his wanderlust by taking several 
 sea voyages, embarking in business in the 
 West Indies and serving as an architect's 
 apprentice, had occasion at the age of 24 to 
 consult John Greenwood for professional 
 services, and becoming interested in the 
 science, studied dentistry after the meth- 
 ods in vogue at that time. How many 
 young men of today are influenced by simi- 
 lar relationships in adopting dentistry as a 
 profession ? 
 
He began practice for himself in Balti- 
 more in 1804, and in substantiating his 
 faith in higher education he continued his 
 studies in medicine, receiving honorary de- 
 grees from Jefferson Medical College, Phil- 
 adelphia, and the University of Maryland. 
 
 His predominating opinions were that a 
 better scientific training was necessary for 
 the practitioner of dentistry. His ideals, 
 to which may be added a ripe experience 
 and mature judgment plus the enthusiasm 
 and vigor of his younger colleague. Doctor 
 Chapin A. Harris, were without doubt the 
 most potent factors in creating that trinity 
 which stands now as the distinguishing in- 
 fluence in American dentistry. 
 
 Doctor Harris (180G-1860), after reach- 
 ing maturity, pursued the practice of medi- 
 cine, surgery and dentistry in various locali- 
 ties in Ohio and part of the time as an 
 itinerant dentist, making favorable impres- 
 sions wherever he traveled, finally locating 
 in Baltimore. Not the least important 
 event in his professional career is the work 
 he accomplished in assisting Doctor Hay- 
 den, aided by others, in establishing the 
 first dental school in this country, the 
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. This 
 institution, incorporated February 1, 1840, 
 with five students in attendance during the 
 first session is the prototype of American 
 schools which have done so much toward 
 building character into American dentistry. 
 
 Second in the trinity is the dental jour- 
 nal. Transportation and the modern means 
 of communication, aided by utilizing elec- 
 trical energy, have enabled us as individu- 
 als to learn of conditions in other parts of 
 the world in the briefest spaces of time, 
 but the art of printing has been the great- 
 est single factor in the dissemination of 
 knowledge that ever existed. 
 
 The influence of Samuel W. Stockton, 
 one of the manufacturers of porcelain 
 teeth, who issued a monthly advertising 
 sheet, Stockton's Dental Intelligencer, the 
 prototype of our present-day trade jour- 
 nals, must be respected. Advertising liter- 
 ature of the present day. however, is a 
 serious menace rather than possessing a 
 value because of the erratic statements 
 published, which are not borne out by ex- 
 perimental or clinical evidence. 
 
 Journals of today, so influential in the 
 distribution of knowledge, are dependent 
 upon trade support, as those published by 
 manufacturing concerns, or upon member- 
 
 ship subscriptions as those fostered by den- 
 tal organizations. The American Journal 
 of Dental Science, first published in New 
 York, was one of the pioneers in the field. 
 Doctors Hayden and Harris are also cred- 
 ited with being responsible for the publica- 
 tion of the first dependable dental journal. 
 There were about 500 copies of each num- 
 ber published. The expense was main- 
 tained by pledged amounts and subscrip- 
 tions from about 175 dentists. This jour- 
 nal ran through three series, the first being 
 under the supervision of a publishing com- 
 mittee and the second under the direction 
 of Chapin A. Harris as editor and propri- 
 etor. 
 
 The Dental Nczvs Letter and its succes- 
 sor, the Dental Cosmos, is one of the 
 leading dental journal of America, a posi- 
 tion it has held for practically the full 
 period of its existence, since October, 1847. 
 
 The new type of professional journals 
 exemplified in the Journal of the Allied 
 Societies, and later the National Dental 
 Journal, symbolizes a new era in journalism 
 in our professional growth. They are sub- 
 sidized by the profession. They represent 
 democratic rather than autocratic control, 
 and must satisfy the will of the profession 
 or fail in their efficacy and educational 
 merit. They will never wholly replace 
 trade journals for obvious reasons. 
 
 Many other journals, and among them 
 the publications devoted to special fields 
 as orthodontics or hygiene, are not without 
 influence in upbuilding our standards. 
 
 Again, monographs and text-books, sub- 
 sidiary factors in dental educational work, 
 have molded dental opinion. They are 
 largely the outgrowth of needs in dental 
 schools where books became a necessity. 
 The teachers were usually the authors and 
 in many instances the teachers and authors 
 were the editors of our journals. Fitch's 
 "System of Dental Surgery" (three vol- 
 umes) first published in 1829, and very 
 comprehensive, was one of the earliest good 
 American publications. 
 
 "The Principles and Practice of Dental 
 Surgery" and Harris' "Dental Dictionary," 
 by Chapin A. Harris, show the versatility 
 of professional attainment that this re- 
 spected man possessed. 
 
 The writer cannot refrain from mention- 
 ing Taft, Garrettson. Miller, Essig, Gorgas, 
 Black, Broomell, Cryer, Talbot, Burchard, 
 Angle, Kirk and Noyes as being 'among 
 
 
 15 
 
w 
 
 the foremost authors of America, whose 
 written word has spread the gospel of 
 American dentistry over the globe. 
 
 The third factor in the trinity, the Den- 
 tal Association, brings us again to the 
 name of Hayden, who was chiefly instru- 
 mental in organizing the American Society 
 of Dental Surgeons in New York, August 
 18, 1840. He was the first president and 
 succeeded himself to that office until his 
 death four years later. Although this As- 
 sociation did not continue permanently, ow- 
 ing to social disturbances, it served as the 
 prototype of a dental society, which under 
 the reorganization plan of the National 
 Dental Association bids fair to equal or 
 outnumber any dental society in the world. 
 
 Associations today represent professional 
 opinion more than they did in our earlier 
 history when schools were the leaders in 
 our professional progress. Associations do 
 much toward standardizing conditions in 
 this country both as to laws regulating the 
 practice of dentistry and changes in cur- 
 riculum due to individual genius and pro- 
 fessional attainment. Each of these pre- 
 dominating factors is of mutual benefit to 
 the others. 
 
 Laws regulating the practice of dentis- 
 try and exercising supervision over the 
 licentiates followed the rapid growth of 
 dental schools. Although the first law was 
 enacted in Alabama and approved Dec. 31, 
 1841, it was not until the later '60's and 
 early '70's that they became general. It 
 is often difficult to understand why this 
 system of regulation has been set up in 
 the United States, but the general feeling 
 symbolized in the States' Rights provision 
 in the Constitution and the creation of an 
 impartial jury similar to the Registration 
 Boards in the English possessions, is the 
 fundamental cause. On the whole, the 
 advantage is in favor of the public. 
 
 One cannot omit reference to the remark- 
 able growth of dental manufacturing and 
 the public demand for a sanitary environ- 
 ment. Cleanliness, education and activity 
 usually beget a useful career, a successful 
 life. The Forsyth Infirmary symbolizes 
 these. Much credit, also, is due dental 
 manufacturers for their efforts to supply 
 the facilities for the rapid development of 
 our science. During the early years, por- 
 celain teeth and hand instruments were the 
 essentials provided by the manufacturer for 
 the dentist, who, ingenious and a mechanic. 
 
 isolated and with limited transportation 
 facilities, was obliged to make many of his 
 own instruments and supplies. The year 
 1844 is significant in American dental his- 
 tory. Aside from being the year in which 
 Horace H. Hayden died and Horace N. 
 Wells discovered nitrous oxide anesthesia, 
 it marks the establishment of the S. S. 
 White Dental Manufacturing Company by 
 Dr. S. S. White. 
 
 To hurriedly pass on while discussing 
 "this self-made profession," which has 
 erected and equipped buildings, developed 
 teachers, provided facilities for research 
 and practice, created libraries which in 
 their aggregate will exceed 60,000 volumes, 
 regulated malpractice, practically abolished 
 the apprentice system, and received but 
 very limited amounts for endowments, to 
 some of the conditions of today is but to 
 span the ordinary life of a thinking indi- 
 vidual. 
 
 Among the notable monuments to Ameri- 
 can dental science so recent as to have 
 been discussed but yesterday, we have, 
 typifying justice and charity to the chil- 
 dren, the Forsyth Dental Infirmary at 140 
 The Fenway, Boston, Mass. No phase of 
 the child hygiene movement has been given 
 greater publicity than oral hygiene, and 
 the founders of this great institution in 
 realizing the influence of a clean, healthy 
 mouth in general good health have estab- 
 lished a precedent in fostering this branch 
 of preventive medicine and conserving the 
 health of the youth of our land, which is 
 worthy of emulation in every large center 
 in America. Illiteracy and indolence beget 
 degeneracy, and both of these primary 
 causes are frequently traceable to ill health. 
 Architecture and equipment will exert a 
 potent influence on the development and 
 growth of similar and co-related educa- 
 tional institutions, while the provision for 
 teaching orthodontics, so important in chil- 
 dren's practice, will be of lasting benefit to 
 our children of the next generation. 
 
 And lastly, the dedication of the Thomas 
 W. Evans Museum and Dental Institute, 
 School of Dentistry, University of Penn- 
 sylvania, on the one hundred and seventy- 
 fifth birthday anniversary of the latter 
 institution, marks a period of complete- 
 ness in the recognition of the importance 
 of thorough dental instruction, which 
 should serve for all time as a refutation 
 (Continued on page 47) 
 
1— Dental Office, U. S. A., Alaska. 2— Transportation U. S. A. Dental Outfit by Dog Team. 
 Hotel Fairbanks, Alaska. Cost Dental Surgeon $11.00 a day. Summer 1905. 4— One of the Dental 
 Offices at West Point, N. Y. Photographs courtesy Dr. Carpenter. 
 
History of U. S. Army Dental Corps 
 
 By S. D. BoAK, M. D., D. D. S., Dental Surgeon, U. S. Army, West Point, N. Y. 
 
 RIOR to the war with 
 I Spain, there were no den- 
 I tal surgeons in the army, 
 emergency work being 
 done by certain enlisted 
 men of the Hospital 
 Corps who had had some 
 dental training. 
 
 In the campaign in the 
 Philippines in 1898, many of our men in 
 the field had imperative need of dental 
 treatment, to secure which they had to ob- 
 tain authority to leave the front and go to 
 Manila. This involved considerable ex- 
 pense and was even more objectionable on 
 account of loss of the services of the indi- 
 viduals. It was discovered that in the 
 ranks of our volunteers there were a num- 
 ber of dentists; and, to avoid the objections 
 mentioned, some of these were detailed to 
 attend exclusively to the dental needs of 
 the commands. 
 
 In 1901, Congress authorized the crea- 
 tion of a corps of thirty contract dental 
 surgeons. They held no military rank and 
 were attached to the Medical Corps of the 
 Army. It gave the Surgeon General power 
 to appoint, without examination, those 
 men who were graduates in dentistry and 
 whose character and services were satis- 
 factory. Five men were given contracts 
 under this act, as a reward of merit for 
 their pioneer work in the Philippines. In 
 accordance with this law, sixteen were sent 
 to the Philippines and at different times 
 one or more were sent to Pekin, Cuba and 
 Porto Rico. In 1907, an additional dental 
 surgeon was appointed with station at the 
 U. S. Military Academy. 
 
 The contract status did not prove satis- 
 factory to the dental profession or to the 
 members of the Dental Corps, and various 
 attempts were made to remedy it. A bill 
 was passed March 3, 1911, giving one 
 commissioned grade, that of first lieuten- 
 ant. This act allows one dental surgeon 
 to each thousand of actual enlisted strength 
 of the army, so that if the corps were 
 filled on this basis, it would consist of 
 ninety dental surgeons, sixty of whom 
 could become first lieutenants, the balance 
 remaining acting dental surgeons until a 
 
 vacancy occurred in the commissioned per- 
 sonnel. 
 
 At present, the corps consists of twenty- 
 eight first lieutenant dental surgeons and 
 forty acting dental surgeons. Of these, 
 eleven are stationed in the Philippines, 
 eight in Hawaii, eight on the Mexican 
 border, one in China, and one in Panama. 
 One is sent each summer to Alaska and 
 two accompanied our troops to Vera Cruz. 
 At each of the five recruiting depots a 
 dental surgeon is stationed, his duties being 
 to examine the mouths of all recruits, 
 often over eighty per day, and before a 
 recruit is sent off to a regiment, to put his 
 mouth in such sanitary condition as time 
 permits. As this time is limited, opera- 
 tions are, of necessity, of an emergency 
 character and only fillings of cement and 
 amalgam are used. 
 
 Many of the dental surgeons are sent on 
 itinerants, visiting six to eight posts in as 
 many months. Each is accompanied by an 
 assistant, an enlisted man of the Hospital 
 Corps. They carry with them a field outfit 
 including a foot engine, and at each post 
 are assigned an operating room by the 
 post commander. Each dental surgeon 
 does foreign service in turn. 
 
 The conditions under which most of the 
 men of the corps have worked have been 
 vastly different from the modern office 
 with its strictly sanitary and up-to-date 
 equipment. Compare the office of the den- 
 tal surgeon in the tropics and on the border 
 with your office. In the tropics the humid- 
 ity is so great at times that gold foil be- 
 comes damp passing from annealer to 
 mouth. Instruments, if not given special 
 care, become coated with rust, and leather 
 furnishings mould overnight. In Cuba 
 and the Philippines frequently my only 
 light at night consisted of a tallow candle 
 with a galvanized-iron bucket or Standard 
 Oil can for a reflector. In 1905, one den- 
 tal surgeon traveled 7,000 miles in five 
 months in Alaska; 500 miles was by dog 
 team, to treat eleven men of the Signal 
 Corps; his board cost $11.00 per day, spe- 
 cial army rates. 
 
 Army dentists work under all conditions 
 and in all climates. 
 
 ■ft 
 
 v> 
 
 ■ 4^' 
 
other unit 
 
 HE establishment of dental 
 service in the Navy has 
 been accomplished by pro- 
 gressive stages attended 
 with the usual caution of 
 ; the executive branch in 
 ■ proposing, and of Con- 
 gress in enacting legisla- 
 tion which would add an- 
 the vast and constantly 
 increasing system of governmental activi- 
 ties. 
 
 That dental service was a necessity had 
 long been recognized, and efforts to pro- 
 cure legislation in its favor, appearing occa- 
 sionally for possibly the fifty years preced- 
 ing 1894, have been constantly and insist- 
 ently made since that year, until legislation 
 establishing the present dental corps was 
 finally obtained in August, 1912. The de- 
 lay in the enacting of this legislation was 
 due to a lack of unanimity between the 
 representations of dental organizations and 
 those of the Navy Department, rather than 
 to any disposition to prevent legislation. 
 
 In the early years, dentists were enlisted 
 in the Hospital Corps for general service, 
 having the same status as other enlisted 
 men, and then specially detailed for dental 
 duty at the various stations in the United 
 States, foreign possessions, and on hospital 
 ships. These men were graduates of den- 
 tal colleges or had had special training in 
 dentistry. This arrangement was not par- 
 ticularly satisfactory, but worked well as a 
 temporary expedient, and the service ob- 
 tained was fairly efficient. 
 
 The present dental corps was established 
 by a law enacted August 28, 1912, which also 
 specifies that after August, 1915, members 
 of the corps who have served two or more 
 years will be examined for promotion and 
 if found qualified will be recommended for 
 commissions as assistant dental surgeon, 
 subject to appointment by the President 
 and confirmation by the Senate. When 
 first appointed, candidates receive the rank, 
 pay and allowances of an assistant surgeon 
 
 of the medical corps. Twenty-eight dental 
 surgeons comprise the present corps. 
 
 The duties of dental officers are set forth 
 in the following instructions: 
 
 "Dental officers are by law a part of the 
 Medical Department of the United States 
 Navy, and are required to serve profes- 
 sionally the personnel of the naval service 
 and to perform such other duties as may 
 be prescribed by competent authority. 
 
 "The regulations provide that the pro- 
 fessional services of dental officers shall 
 be available only for oflScers and men on 
 the active list of the Navy and Marine 
 Corps, and such services are restricted to 
 those measures which will most effectively 
 and economically preserve the teeth of the 
 personnel and insure physical fitness. The 
 department has construed Article 2991, 
 Navy Regulations, to apply to and include 
 officers and men of the Naval Auxiliary 
 Service. 
 
 "Prosthetic procedures, such as gold, 
 bridge, or crown work, are not contem- 
 plated as a part of the work of a dental 
 officer." 
 
 These duties and the class of work to 
 be performed will be enlarged upon as 
 soon as practicable. The equipment at the 
 present time is being enlarged to meet the 
 requirements and conditions confronted as 
 rapidly as is consistent with the number of 
 dental surgeons employed. 
 
 While some 60,000 men constitute the 
 personnel of the Navy, constant discharge 
 of men from the service and the enlistment 
 of new recruits to take their places make 
 a continuous flow of patients, and keep 
 the proportion requiring services at about 
 the same ratio. As about ninety per cent 
 of the personnel have defective teeth or 
 need dental treatment, it will be readily 
 seen that the time of the dental surgeon is 
 well occupied with even the restricted class 
 of work now being undertaken. 
 
 With further development it is hoped 
 that this service may be a great aid in 
 making our Navy more efficient through 
 the improved health of our men. 
 
 W/. 
 
i 
 
 1 — Guys Hospital, London. 2 — Royal Dental Hospital, London. 3— College of Medical 
 Science of Buenos Aires. The Dental College occupies an upper floor. 4 — Room for Examina- 
 tions and Extractions in Dental College, Buenos Aires. 
 
'HE first dental school in 
 Argentina was established 
 at Buenos Aires in 1892. 
 Prior to that time, how- 
 ever, the Faculty of Medi- 
 cine of Buenos Aires had 
 created as an accessory 
 branch of its curriculum a 
 course in the "Art of Den- 
 tistry" extending over a period of two 
 years, and had named Mr. Juan Etchepare- 
 borda as Dental Examiner. This action of 
 the Faculty of Medicine was brought about 
 partly as a protection to the public from 
 the large number of quacks who at that 
 time were prostituting the profession here, 
 and partly as a result of the brilliant ex- 
 ample set by countries of North America 
 in dental matters. Dr. Nicasio Etchepare- 
 borda was placed in charge of the school 
 when it was first established, and to his 
 energy and personal activity the present 
 status of dentistry here is largely indebted. 
 Under his able management the school 
 has steadily advanced and is today estab- 
 lished on a very firm basis. 
 
 In the beginning the course of study ex- 
 tended over a period of two years, but in 
 1910 the time was extended to three years, 
 followed by a "finishing course" of three 
 months. 
 
 The requirements for admission to the 
 dental school include a certificate of good 
 health and good moral character, and a 
 bachelor's degree. 
 
 Students are required to provide them- 
 selves with all instruments needed except 
 forceps, and to wear a white coat while 
 operating. 
 
 All medicines and filling material are fur- 
 nished by the school. Students, in general, 
 are not allowed to choose their patients, 
 but must accept those assigned to them by 
 the professor in charge. 
 
 All operations by students are made un- 
 der the supervision of the professor and 
 the chief of practical work. Black's instru- 
 ments are used and the Black system of 
 cavity preparation is employed. The total 
 number of students enrolled in 1915 is 333, 
 of whom fifty-eight are women. 
 
 The minimum amount of operative work 
 required of the student during his third 
 year is as follows: Fifty extractions, thirty 
 gold fillings, three treatments of the third 
 grade, ten treatments of the fourth grade, 
 two incrustations of porcelain, the manu- 
 facture and fitting of two gold crowns and 
 two pivots, the treatment of at least one 
 case each of gingivitis, pyorrhea, ab.scess 
 with fistula, and blind abscess. For pros- 
 thetic work, the third year's requirements 
 are six crowns, four pivots, one bridge and 
 two pieces of burnished metal. 
 
 The faculty of the school comprises the 
 following : 
 
 Dr. Nicasio Etchepareborda, Principal. 
 
 Dr. Rodolfo Erausquin, Professor for 
 First Year. 
 
 Cirio Durante and F. Lafarga, Chiefs of 
 Clinics. 
 
 Dr. Leon Pereyra, Professor for Second 
 Year. 
 
 Emilio Boye and Alberto Barui, Chiefs 
 of Clinics. 
 
 Luis Fasanella, assistant. 
 
 Dr. Nicasio Etchepareborda, Professor 
 for Third Year. 
 
 Cariolano Brea and Gabriel Anitna, 
 Chiefs of Clinics. 
 
 J. Argeno Aneta, assistant. 
 
 D. Antonio Guardo, Professor of Pros- 
 thesis. 
 
 A. B. Molina and A. E. Lattauri, Chiefs 
 of Laboratory. 
 
 F. Copola, assistant. 
 
] — University of O: 
 Johannesburg Hospital. 
 South Africa. 
 
 CiW Zealand. 2 — St. Mary's, Johannesburg:. 3 — The 
 Lge, Johannesburg. 5— The Town Hall, Johannesburg, 
 
Dentistry in Australia 
 
 Dr. T. E. White 
 
 [E State of Queensland, 
 comprising the northeast 
 portion of the continent of 
 Australia, has an area of 
 670,500 square miles, with 
 a population of 637,425. 
 Brisbane is the capital, 
 with the last census show- 
 ing 151,272 inhabitants. 
 The Dental Act passed in 1902 is ad- 
 ministered by a Board consisting of five 
 (5) dentists and two medical practitioners. 
 The registrar is appointed by the Board, 
 and the office has been held by Mr. T. B. 
 Hunter, B. A., for some years. 
 
 The Board's duties in general consist of : 
 
 1. Protection of the public by the pros- 
 ecution of unregistered men. 
 
 2. Setting the standard of dental edu- 
 cation. 
 
 3. Holding of examinations. 
 
 4. Registration of practitioners. 
 The standard of education comprises : 
 
 1. Passing of a preliminary examina- 
 tion of the matriculation of the University 
 of Queensland, or other university. 
 
 2. Registration as a student for a period 
 of four years to a registered practitioner, 
 including hospital practice. 
 
 3. Passing of intermediate and final ex- 
 amination held by the Board. 
 
 The requirements in general for admis- 
 sion to the register are: 
 
 1. Completion of the requirements of 
 the Board as to local standard above men- 
 tioned. 
 
 2. Licentiate in Dental Surgery of the 
 Royal College of Surgeons of England, 
 Edinburgh, Glasgow or Ireland. 
 
 3. Licentiate in Dental Surgery of a 
 university of Australia or other British 
 dominion. 
 
 4. The degree of Dentistry of Harvard, 
 Michigan, or Pennsylvania Universities, 
 combined with a four years' course and 
 matriculation examination. 
 
 The registration fee is seven guineas 
 (£7 :7 :0). 
 
 In December, 1914, the number of reg- 
 istered practitioners was two hundred and 
 eighty-five (285). 
 
 The Odontological Society of Queens- 
 land was established in 1904 and has a 
 large and representative membership of 
 the profession in Queensland. The sub- 
 scription fee is one guinea (£1 :1 :0) per 
 annum, and non-metropolitan members re- 
 ceive a copy of an Australian dental maga- 
 zine without charge. 
 
 Clinics and papers are given once a 
 month for a period of eight months each 
 year, vacation being midsummer. 
 
 The Dental Defense Society of Queens- 
 land, Ltd., was established for the protec- 
 tion of ethical practitioners from black- 
 mail and unfair prosecution. Its member- 
 ship consists largely of members of the 
 Odontological Society, and all prosecutions 
 are watched on behalf of the profession, 
 at the same time evincing a reasonable at- 
 titude towards the public. The annual sub- 
 scription is one guinea (£1 :1 :0), but 
 each member has a limited liability of five 
 pounds (£5). 
 
 The Brisbane Dental Hospital provides 
 dental service for the poor of the district, 
 the State's children, and the State school 
 children who are unable to obtain the serv- 
 ices of a private practitioner. Ample op- 
 portunity is provided for the teaching of 
 students in dentistry. 
 
 The System of Dental Inspection of 
 Schools in Queensland. The recognition 
 by the State of the appalling prevalence of 
 dental caries, and the realization of its 
 effect in the physical and mental efficiency 
 of the children and nation, brought about 
 the necessity of attention to the problem 
 by a system of inspection of children in 
 the schools in 1911. The system has these 
 aspects: Inspection, Educational, Clinical. 
 
 Inspection and Educational. Three (3) 
 dental inspectors are appointed and allot- 
 ted to Northern, Central and Southern 
 Districts. During the school hours, 9 :30 
 a. m. to 4 p. m., by arrangement with the 
 head master, each child is examined, a 
 chart in duplicate is made, one being 
 handed to the child for its parent and 
 the other kept as a record. The condition 
 of the teeth is marked and recommenda- 
 tion made to the parent. Instruction is 
 
 
given in the correct use of the toothbrush, 
 toothbrush drill in class held, and in the 
 older classes elementary anatomy, physi- 
 ology and hygiene taught. The inspection 
 takes place each year. 
 
 Clinical. In the metropolitan districts 
 very poor children are recommended by 
 the schoolmaster to the dental hospital. In 
 the isolated country districts where there 
 are no dentists, the dental inspector at the 
 conclusion of the school inspection per- 
 forms general dental operations. He is 
 provided with a full traveling outfit, and in 
 reality holds a traveling school dental clinic. 
 
 The benefit of the inspections is shown 
 by the increasing improvement in the 
 state of the children's mouths, a smaller 
 number of excuses of absence from school 
 
 through swollen faces and aching teeth. 
 Many interesting statistics are being com- 
 piled on the comparative conditions of the 
 teeth of the children living in the central 
 districts, where rain (tank) water is used, 
 and those of the inland districts, where 
 "bore" water, artesian and sub-artesian 
 water, is used. 
 
 The Third Australian Dental Congress 
 was held in Brisbane during August, 1913, 
 and was attended by 260 dentists, including 
 distinguished practitioners from the British 
 Isles and America. 
 
 Army Dental Corps. Eight (8) dentists 
 are appointed in the Army Medical Re- 
 serve, seven holding the rank of lieutenant 
 and one of captain. 
 
 Dentistry in New South Wales 
 
 By the Executive Committee for New South Wales 
 
 % 
 
 The first notable landmark of the pro- 
 fession in the State of New South Wales 
 was the passing of the Dental Act in 1900. 
 This was followed at once by the estab- 
 lishment of a dental school and hospital by 
 the University of Sydney. The degree 
 given to students who fulfilled the require- 
 ments of the course of study (at first three 
 years) was L. D. S. (Licentiate in Dental 
 Surgery). 
 
 After a time, the Senate amended the 
 regulations and lengthened the course to 
 four years and granted a degree of Bach- 
 elor in Dental Surgery (B. D. S.), at the 
 same time raising the entrance examination 
 to the standard required for the medical 
 course. This degree is recognized and is 
 registrable in Great Britain. 
 
 About 100 graduates have completed 
 this course since the foundation of the 
 school. 
 
 There has also been a large number of 
 students privately trained, who have quali- 
 fied by examination at the hands of the 
 Dental Board. As, however, the regula- 
 tions providing for this course for regis- 
 tration are now practically the same as the 
 university regulations, it is supposed that 
 in future all students will be university 
 graduates. 
 
 The United Dental Hospital of Sydney, 
 
 formed by the consolidation of two for- 
 merly existing hospitals, is now housed in 
 a fine, up-to-date building, erected by the 
 Government and handed over to the com- 
 mittee for the purposes of hospital and 
 dental school. A new constitution has re- 
 cently been conferred upon this institution 
 with ample funds from the State Govern- 
 ment, and a new department providing a 
 "free clinic for public school children" has 
 been added to the institution. The clinic 
 is of a most useful kind and provides an 
 educational stimulus to our State school 
 children in dental matters and the care of 
 the teeth. 
 
 The future of dentistry appears to be as- 
 sured, as the State Government is now 
 about to provide funds for the foundation 
 of a chair in dentistry in the university, 
 which will prove of inestimable benefit to 
 the profession of the State. 
 
 Defense. The Dental Board have been 
 directing the attention of the Defense De- 
 partment to the necessity for proper care 
 of the teeth of our troops and, ably as- 
 sisted by the members of the great dental 
 societies and the Committee of the Dental 
 Hospital, have carried on dental services at 
 the hospital for the soldiers. 
 
 The Minister of Defense of the Com- 
 {Continued on page 47) 
 
1— U. S. Army Dental Office, Camp Keithley, Mindanao, P. I. 2— U. S. Army Dental Office, Jolo, 
 Philippines. 3— Field Hospital No. 3, U. S. Army, Vera Cruz, Mexico. X Dental Office. 4— U. S. 
 Army Dental Office, Jolo, Philippines. Photographs courtesy Drs. Voorhies, Waddell and Mason. 
 
 M 
 
J 1 — Technisches Laboratorium. 2 — Opemtions Raum. 3 — Plombier-Saal. University of Wien, 
 
 If , Vienna, Aiislria. 
 
 f 
 
 1W 
 
 ^.A<-v-it«a 
 
Dentistry in Austria-Hungary 
 
 By Prof. Dr. Rudolph Weiser 
 
 hi Austria-Hungary, den- 
 -! tistry has always been re- 
 garded as a specialty of 
 medicine. In 1830, Dr. 
 G. Carabelli was appoint- 
 ed instructor in dentistry 
 at the University of 
 Vienna, and one of his 
 pupils. Dr. M. Heider, ap- 
 pointed instructor in 1843, was made pro- 
 fessor of dental science in 1859. 
 
 Legal dental practice in Austria-Hungary 
 is limited to those who possess the univer- 
 sity diploma of a "Medicinae Univers£e Doc- 
 tor" of the empire.* There are no private 
 universities or private dental institutes in 
 Austria. 
 
 To obtain the degree of "Medicinje Uni- 
 versae Doctor," the candidate must have 
 passed the final examination (Maturium) of 
 an Austrian gymnasium (grammar .school), 
 then spend at least five years at an Austrian 
 university and pass the different (about 
 thirteen) examinations of three Rigorosa. 
 Upon receiving his degree of "Medicinae 
 Universse Doctor," it is optional with him 
 to immediately commence practice or to 
 pursue special studies for a further period 
 of time. He has the right to practice gen- 
 eral medicine as well as any specialty, like 
 surgery, obstetrics, aural surgery, ophthal- 
 mology, etc., or to treat skin disease or to 
 practice dentistry or any other branch of 
 medicine. Instruction in dental science is 
 obligatory upon all medical students. 
 
 The dental institutes of Austria-Hungary 
 belong to and are a part of the universities, 
 and are designated Dental University In- 
 stitute (or Dental University Ambulato- 
 rium) of Wien, Prag, Innsbruck, Graz, 
 Lemberg, Krakau, respectively ; Stomato- 
 logical Clinics of the University of Buda- 
 pest and of Klausenburg. Some of them 
 are arranged like a hospital with special 
 clinic room provided with beds for patients 
 under surgical treatment, that cannot be 
 carried on conveniently or instructively at 
 
 the general surgical clinic. The descrip- 
 tions and photograhs of the new Austrian 
 dental institutes you will find in the fol- 
 io w i n g issues of the "Oesterreichisch- 
 Ungarischen Vierteljahresschrift fiir Zahn- 
 heilkunde"t: Wien, July, 1915; Lemberg, 
 April, 1914; Graz, January, 1913; Inns- 
 bruck, January, 1913, and Budapest, April 
 1909. 
 
 Prosthetic dentistry (Zahnersatzkunde) 
 is made by law "an integral part of dental 
 science" and every physician is required to 
 do all the technical mechanical work neces- 
 sary for his patients, without depending on 
 the trade law like the prosthetic dentist 
 (Zahntechniker or mechanician dentists) in 
 France. But the profession of technical 
 dentistry (Zahntechnik) depends on the 
 trade law and comprises the professional 
 manufacturing and inserting of artificial 
 teeth (plates, crowns and bridges). The 
 prosthetic dentist has only the right "to 
 take impressions and to try to adapt the 
 prosthetic works, manufactured by him, to 
 the mouth, which must be in an absolutely 
 healthy condition. But he is not allowed 
 to do any work in a diseased mouth or to 
 perform, even in a healthy mouth, anything 
 which may change the condition of its 
 .structures, for instance, "to pinch or grind 
 oflf part of teeth or roots, to clean or fill 
 the teeth, or to extract roots or teeth." 
 
 There are at present in Austria-Hungary 
 twelve dental societies and the big Central 
 .Association of Austrian Stomatologists, 
 uniting the society members. One of the 
 aims of the organized Austrian dentists is 
 to limit dental practice, and the title of 
 "Zahnarzt" (dentist) to those medical 
 graduates who have had two years of con- 
 tinuous training in operative and technical 
 dentistry at a university. 
 
 •There are a few cases (In Wien and some more 
 in Budapest) where many years ago mechanical- 
 dentists were permitted (by favor of the Crown) to 
 practice dentistry; since 1899 this permission has 
 not been granted, 
 t Wien, I. Petersplatz 7. 
 
 w; 
 
 
 .p 
 
 ^: 
 
1— Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Department of Dentistry, Montreal, Quebec. 2— Uni- 
 versite Laval de Montreal, Ecole de Chirurgie Dentaire. 3— Building of the Royal College of Dental 
 Surgeons of Ontario, Toronto. 4— Dalhousie University, Dental and Medical Schools, Halifax, N. S. 
 
 30 
 
 Wb 
 
 T^-t^^ 
 
 .St^-' 
 
Canadian Dentistry 
 
 By Dr. A. E. Webster 
 
 ILE dentistry in Can- 
 ada partakes very largely 
 of the methods of educa- 
 tion, practice and admin- 
 i s t r a t i o n of its good 
 neighbors to the south, it 
 has some marked charac- 
 istics of its forebears, the 
 French and the English. 
 Out of a union of three sources mentioned 
 is rapidly developing a Canadian dentistry 
 having distinct characteristics. In methods 
 of technique and office management, the 
 Canadian dentist cannot be distinguished 
 from his American confrere, but in educa- 
 tion there is much of the British method 
 followed. The preceptor method of instruc- 
 tion followed in Great Britain prevailed 
 longer in Canada than in the United States, 
 and is still in vogue in some of the Prov- 
 inces where dental schools do not exist. 
 There is more reliance placed on the early 
 education of the dental student and the 
 time spent in study than upon a quick ac- 
 quirement of technical procedures. The 
 French have influenced dental education in 
 artistic and professional aspects. 
 
 In dental laws and administration Can- 
 ada holds a unique position. The first 
 dental law in existence was passed by the 
 Legislature of Ontario. This action was 
 closely followed first by New York and 
 then by Quebec. The profession in each 
 Province has an independent dental law 
 controlled by the profession, though in one 
 or two provinces the Legislature appoints 
 a part of the members of the Board. Each 
 Board has full control of the standards of 
 preliminary education, professional educa- 
 tion, and professional conduct after admis- 
 sion to practice. The Boards have power 
 to give those admitted to practice the title 
 of L. D. S. A license from the Board of 
 one Province does not authorize the holder 
 to practice in any other Province. 
 
 The Dominion Dental Council formed 
 by an appointee from each Provincial 
 Board holds an examination each year for 
 candidates who wish to obtain a certificate 
 which permits the holder to practice in any 
 Province in the Dominion. There is also 
 provision in the by-laws of this Council 
 
 allowing those of certain professional 
 standards which were obtained before the 
 Council was organized to transfer from 
 one Province to another. 
 
 There are four dental colleges, three of 
 them departments of regularly organized 
 universities and one owned and controlled 
 by the profession of Ontario. These are 
 the Maritime Dental College, at Halifax, 
 the dental department of Dalhousie Uni- 
 versity; Laval Dental College, a depart- 
 ment of Laval University, Montreal, Que.; 
 the dental department of McGill Univer- 
 sity, Montreal; and the Royal College of 
 Dental Surgeons of Ontario, Toronto. The 
 Provincial universities of the western Prov- 
 inces have made provision for dental de- 
 partments, but have not yet organized a 
 teaching staff. 
 
 There are two kinds of dental societies 
 in Canada, official and voluntary. Official 
 societies are those organized under the 
 provisions of a legislative act and which 
 govern the profession of the Province; all 
 others are voluntary. The Canadian Dental 
 Association, the national society, holds its 
 meetings every second year. 
 
 The public and the Government of Can- 
 ada are alive to the value of dental serv- 
 ices. The Boards of Health of some of 
 the Provinces have dentists acting upon 
 them. Instruction of the public in oral 
 hygiene is officially provided for in all the 
 Provinces. Dental inspection and treat- 
 ment of school children are officially car- 
 ried out in all the large centers and in 
 some of the rural districts. 
 
 The Government of Canada has given 
 to dentistry greater official recognition than 
 has, perhaps, any other country. Within 
 a few months an Army Dental Service has 
 been organized upon the same basis and 
 with the same rank as that of any other 
 service in the army. The organization and 
 management are separate from the medi- 
 cal or any other service. It is thus placed 
 upon a par socially, officially, and as a 
 value to the public, with all other profes- 
 sions or services under the Government. 
 Dentistry today stands high in the esteem 
 of the people of Canada 
 
1— Cathedral dc I',oc;r,ta. 2— Escucla de Medicina. Farmacia y Dentisteria d"e la Republica del 
 Salvador, C. A. .'i— l'.anco dc Colombia en Bogota, cstablecido en 1875. -4— Capitolis Nacional y Plaza 
 de Bolivar, Bogota, Colombia. .. ^ 
 
 
I 
 
 History of Dentistry in Chile 
 
 By Dr. Alexander Manhood 
 
 EFORE 1860 there were 
 no representatives of the 
 profession in Chile, but 
 since then Drs. Robinson, 
 Demorest, S a x t o n and 
 others, all North Ameri- 
 can dentists, have arrived. 
 In 1888, President Bai- 
 rn a c e d a organized the 
 Dental ScBobl, under the Faculty of Medi- 
 cine. Its beginning was very modest, 
 having only two professors, Nemecio Da- 
 vila, dentist, and Roberto Barahona, phy- 
 sician ; and for equipment, six dental 
 chairs and a dozen forceps. It was situ- 
 ated in a hall in the St. Vincent Hospital. 
 In 1896, the dean of the Faculty of 
 Medicine, Dr. Carvallo Elizalde, obtained 
 from the Government an order appointing 
 Dr. Jerman Valenzuela commissioner to 
 study dental organization and progress in 
 Europe and the United States. 
 
 In 1908, Dr. Valenzuela, then director 
 of the Dental School, had the good for- 
 tune, by his own particular investigations, 
 to discover by dental examination a clue 
 to a crime committed by the Chancellor of 
 the German Legation, who defrauded his 
 charge, murdered the porter, set fire to 
 the building and then disappeared, but was 
 finally captured, tried and sentenced. This 
 event deeply impressed public opinion both 
 in Chile and abroad, by showing the impor- 
 tance of dental science. It also induced 
 President Montt to favor dental advance- 
 ment by having constructed a special 
 building for dental purposes equipped with 
 all modern appliances. There are ninety- 
 five pump chairs, complete with brackets 
 and fountain spittoons, laboratories for X- 
 ray, bacteriology, orthodontia, gold casting, 
 ceramics, plate, and crown and bridge work. 
 The school gives a three years' course, 
 with terms of eight months each, after 
 which the students are examined, and if 
 found proficient, are allowed to take their 
 final examinations before the State Board. 
 The professors are the following: 
 Dr. Valenzuela, Dr. Luis Vargas, Dr. 
 Luis Plaza, Dr. Jorge Villaseca, Dr. Arthur 
 Sierra, Dr. Guillermo Velasco, Dr. Aurelio 
 Iglesias, Dr. Luis Lagos, Dr. Elias Escala. 
 
 Dr. Alberto Concha, Dr. Efrain Jafia, Dr. 
 Romulo Lavin, Dr. Carlos Mujica, Dr. 
 Tomas Allende, Dr. Salvador Castillo, Dr. 
 Oscar Silve, Dr. Rafael Toro, Dr. Roberto 
 Brieba, Dr. Alexander Manhood, Dr. Her- 
 man Fleischmann, Dr. Alfonso Leng, Dr. 
 Francisco Jenschke, Dr. Exequiel Gonzalez, 
 Dr. Roberto Barahona, Dr. Julio Paredes, 
 Dr. Osvaldo Salas, Dr. Tomas Quevedo, 
 Dr. Sara Rosas S. 
 
 It is the only dental school in the coun- 
 try, and as in all Chilean Government 
 schools there is no fee charged for in- 
 struction. In order to matriculate, all the 
 candidate needs is to present a certificate 
 of having finished successfully a high 
 school training (Bachillerato). 
 
 There are two dental societies and a 
 journal devoted exclusively to the inter- 
 ests of the profession. The Odontological 
 Society was organized in May of 1908, in 
 Santiago, by the enthusiastic co-operation 
 of Drs. Bolton, Cabrera, Luis de la Barra 
 and Manhood, who addressed the other 
 fourteen colleagues present, stating that 
 the meeting had been called to exchange 
 ideas about the formation of a society to 
 further dental interests. The society meets 
 regularly once a month and holds clinics 
 on the 10th, 11th and 12th of September, 
 the anniversary of the foundation of the 
 new school. At the same time there is an 
 exhibit of dental instruments, in which 
 German firms are always represented. The 
 society is composed of eighty members, 
 but on clinic days over two hundred den- 
 tists attend. The official organ is the Re- 
 vista Dental. The directors are: Pedro 
 Diaz, Luis Azocar, Luis Lagos, Jose Ca- 
 brera, Alfredo Betteley, Eduardo Manns, 
 Edwin Perrett, Charles Bolton, Arthur 
 Sierra, Pedro Labarca, and Vicente del 
 Real. 
 
 The Odontological Society of Valparaiso 
 was organized in 1913 by Drs. Luis Ra- 
 veau, Eduardo Gumming, Jorge Muriia, 
 Ernesto Eisle: directors: Teodoro Jandin 
 Moller, Aurelio Pickering, Alfonso Kreft 
 and Julio Liiian. There are twenty-eight 
 members. 
 
 In the whole of Chile there are about 
 three hundred practicing dentists. 
 
ib 
 
 The Dental Profession in Colombia 
 
 By Dr. Alberto Patino 
 
 f P'^'^^f^^II^HE Republic of Colombia 
 '^•'' ' ■*^^*' is situated on the north- 
 
 If ^^^'1 Wa east of South America, 
 just across the Caribbean 
 Sea and the Gulf of 
 Mexico from the United 
 States, and it has coasts 
 on both oceans. The 
 shortest distance between 
 it and the United States is not as far as 
 from Chicago to New York. From this 
 city to the Colombian ports on the Atlantic 
 is less than 1,900 miles, and the trip can 
 be made in five days. 
 
 Colombia is larger than all the Atlantic 
 States with West Virginia and Ohio added, 
 and, notwithstanding it is almost on the 
 equator, as a great part of the land is 
 high above the sea, there are found all the 
 climates, and consequently the productions, 
 of the three zones. The population is 
 about 6,000,000. Bogota, the capital, is a 
 fine city of 150,000 inhabitants, built upon 
 a plateau of the Andes, and it has ever 
 been celebrated for the refinement and high 
 culture of its people. 
 
 In regard to the dental profession, Co- 
 lombia holds the first place, together with 
 Brazil, Chile and Argentine. The first 
 dental college opened in Bogota in 1888. 
 
 Later, there was established another col- 
 lege in Cartagena, and yet another in 
 Bogota in 1912. The curriculum approved 
 by the Minister of Public Instruction for 
 these institutions comprises the following 
 courses, distributed during a three years' 
 term: Physics, chemistry, metallurgy, his- 
 tology, bacteriology, anatomy, dental path- 
 ology, physiology and hygiene, materia 
 medica and therapeutics, operative and 
 prosthetic dentistry. 
 
 There are at present two dental societies 
 in Bogota and three monthly reviews are 
 published, among which the oldest and 
 best known in and out of the country is 
 La Odontologia Colombiana. 
 
 Dental hygiene is attracting more and 
 more attention every day, especially among 
 the refined classes, and great importance 
 has been paid to the care of children's 
 teeth. The reason for this is brought 
 about mainly by publications, conferences 
 and the diffusion of hygiene rules by the 
 profession. The "Cartilla de Higiene 
 Bucal," by Dr. Jorge Cajiao Candia, of 
 which the Government ordered a large edi- 
 tion, has been distributed among the chil- 
 dren of public schools, and Dr. Tamayo's 
 booklet on the care of the teeth has visited 
 almost every home in the country. 
 
 2— The legal medical study of dentistry made by the director of the Dental School, Dr. Jerman Valen- 
 zuela Basterrlca, demonstrated in a famous criminal process the identity of the person entombed. (Triple 
 crime committed in the German Legation, February, 1909.) Had been buried as the body of Beckert, and 
 the murder attributed to Tapla. The body was that of Tapia, the victim; therefore Beckert was the 
 assassin. This act having affected public opinion greatly, and having international associations, the Gov- 
 ernment of the President IXin Pedro Mont decided to have an efficacious protection in the teaching of 
 dentistry, and the construction of a building for its school. 
 
 35 
 
1 — "La Fuerza," Havana, Cuba, built about I51"j. 'I'his fort i- tlu oUKst building in Havana, 
 and contains the National Public Library. 2— Official Conference Hall, Dental Institute, Guatemala. 
 3 — Dental Institute, Guatemala. 4 — The Palace is the residence of the President of Cuba, formerly 
 the residence of the Spanish Captain Generals and of the American Governors. 
 
3i 
 
 tion of the dental profes- 
 sion in the Repubhc of 
 Cuba moves on hues simi- 
 lar to those representing 
 the progress of our pro- 
 fession in the United 
 States. The founders of 
 dentistry here came from 
 Europe, and hence the European schools 
 held the dominating influence up to the 
 middle of the last century; afterwards, our 
 students taking advantage of the facilities 
 and proximity of the American colleges, 
 brought here the practical and scientific 
 knowledge of those independent schools. 
 The first dental colleges in Cuba were estab- 
 lished just prior to 1880 ; several flourished 
 in the city of Havana, but being private 
 institutions, they ceased to exist in the year 
 1899, when the Dental School of the Uni- 
 versity of Havana was established. This 
 university is an official Government insti- 
 tution. The course of instruction extends 
 over a period of three years and is equal to 
 that of similar American institutions. 
 
 The practice of dentistry here has al- 
 ways been regulated by law. An applicant 
 for a license to practice must be either a 
 graduate of the National University or of 
 some foreign standard school ; the latter, 
 however, must pass a satisfactory examina- 
 tion before the board of the university, cor- 
 responding to the State Board of Examiners 
 in the United States. 
 
 The social aspect of dentistry commenced 
 in 1879, when the first society, the Odon- 
 tological Society of Havana, was founded. 
 It has published, since the year of its foun- 
 dation, the official organ. Annals of the 
 Odontological Society of Havana, a month- 
 ly publication. The society and its peri- 
 odical existed continuously for seventeen 
 years, and during that time did much for 
 the cause of dentistry. In 189.5 the society 
 disbanded and the publication was sus- 
 
 pended owing to conditions incident to the 
 war for independence. 
 
 During those days, several periodicals 
 came into existence, and, although of short 
 life, were of material benefit to the profes- 
 sion. 
 
 The present society, the Havana Dental 
 Society, practically the continuation of the 
 old Odontological Society, was established 
 in 1900 and publishes a monthly. Annals 
 of the Haivna Dental Society. Under the 
 auspices of the society, the First Cuban 
 Odontological Congress was organized and 
 held a meeting in 1912 in this city, with a 
 large attendance. One of the popular edu- 
 cational features was the distribution of 
 over a thousand books and toys, which 
 were given as prizes for clean teeth to 
 children of the poor, and of the public 
 schools. Thousands of children were in- 
 spected by a committee appointed from the 
 membership of the society, and a pamphlet 
 on "The Hygiene of the Mouth and Teeth 
 in Children," issued by authority of the 
 Congress, was freely distributed. We have 
 had odontological sections in five medical 
 congresses, viz. : the Regional Medical 
 Congress, 1890 ; the Third Pan-American 
 Medical Congress, 1901 ; the First National 
 Medical Congress, 1905; the Second, 1911, 
 and the Third in 1914. In Santiago de 
 Cuba, the Oriental Dental Society has been 
 in existence for nearly a decade. The 
 present periodical literature comprises, 
 apart from the already mentioned Annals, 
 the Revista Dental, a monthly publication 
 of wide circulation. In regard to profes- 
 sional literature, it is interesting to state 
 that the first book published was printed in 
 Havana in 1830. 
 
 The inspection of the teeth of the chil- 
 dren in the public schools has long been 
 established, and municipal dental dispen- 
 saries for the poor are in existence. The 
 Army Dental Corps has also done much 
 good work. The public institutions — ma- 
 ternity, orphan, poor children, old people, 
 insane, etc. — are professionally attended to. 
 
 Ui^ 
 
1— Dental School, Copenhagen. 2— Dental School, Copenhagen. 3— Dental Institute of the State 
 University, Utrecht. 
 
The Dental Profession in Denmark 
 
 By Dr. Chr, Holst 
 
 ENMARK, with a popula- 
 tion of 2,757,000, has 440 
 dental practitioners. 
 
 The Medical Depart- 
 ment, arranged under the 
 Ministry of Justice, is 
 represented by the Com- 
 mittee of Health, with the 
 Counsellor of State, Dr. 
 Hoff, as president. On the Committee of 
 Health, the dental profession is represented 
 by Professor C. Christensen, a prominent 
 dentist. 
 
 The dental organizations consist of a 
 Capital Association, "Dansk Tandlozeforen- 
 ing" (Danish Association of Dentists), of 
 which Dr. Kiersgaard, of Copenhagen, is 
 president, and eight local associations. 
 These local associations elect representa- 
 tives to the Capital Association on the 
 basis of membership. These representa- 
 tives, together with the Capital Committee, 
 decide all questions concerning dentistry in 
 general, while local questions are decided 
 within the local association. 
 
 Publications. Tandlozehladel {The Pa- 
 per of Dentists), a weekly publication, 
 whose editor is elected from the "Dansk 
 Tandlozeforening" and who receives a sal- 
 ary for this service, is at present in charge 
 of Dr. Baltzer Andersen, of Copenhagen. 
 C. Ash & Sons, of Copenhagen, also issue 
 a monthly publication. 
 
 In the Institute of State for treatment 
 of oral diseases, a department for the 
 prosthetic treatment of cleft-palate patients 
 is, at present, in charge of Decent W. 
 Block. 
 
 Members of the profession find appoint- 
 ment at the military garrisons in all the 
 principal towns. 
 
 Dental school clinics are established in 
 several towns in the country, as municipal 
 institutions, and under the stimulus of 
 "The Association for the Care of Chil- 
 dren's Teeth" there is manifest a vital in- 
 terest in the subject as regards indigent 
 school children. 
 
 A School for Dentists, founded in 1888 
 by the State, now consists, in accordance 
 with a royal edict, of four clinical divi- 
 sions, viz.: 
 
 1. A department of diseases of the 
 mouth and teeth. 
 
 2. A department for the filling of teeth. 
 
 3. One for general prosthesis. 
 
 4. One for crown and bridge, prosthe- 
 sis of the jaws and regulation of teeth, 
 besides a Roentgen laboratory and a chem- 
 ical laboratory. 
 
 The school employs ten teachers (Do- 
 center), who constitute a council of teach- 
 ers. They elect a president from among 
 themselves. The president acts as a direc- 
 tor. 
 
 The teaching staff consists of the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 1. Dr. Med. C. C. Hansen, director and 
 teacher of anatomy. 
 
 2. Dr. Med. Max Melchior, chief phy- 
 sician, teacher of special surgery and leader 
 of the surgical clinic. 
 
 3. Docent Chr. Hoist, teacher of opera- 
 tive dentistry and leader of the operative 
 clinic. 
 
 4. Docent W. Block, teacher of pros- 
 thetic dentistry and leader of the prosthetic 
 clinic. 
 
 5. Docent Hallander, teacher of crown 
 and bridge work, and leader of the clinic 
 in this subject. 
 
 6. Dr. Med. Boock, teacher of pharma- 
 cology and professor at the university. 
 
 7. Bjorn Andersen, Cand. May. Scient., 
 teacher of chemistry and leader of chem- 
 ical trainings. 
 
 8. Dr. Med. Jorgen Jensen, teacher of 
 general surgery. 
 
 9. Dr. Phil. Chr. Krogh, teacher of 
 physiology. 
 
 10. Docent Budtz Jorgensen, teacher of 
 propedentics. 
 
 The course of instruction extends over 
 a period of three years, and the school will 
 accommodate thirty-five students a year. 
 The requirements for admission to the 
 dental school are: A diploma from a high 
 school teaching three languages, including 
 Latin, or passing a satisfactory examina- 
 tion in these subjects. 
 
 To get jus practicandi after passing these 
 examinations, one must give evidence of 
 having served two years as assistant to a 
 legal practitioner. 
 
 . (]) 
 
 m'm 
 
 wv 
 
r: 
 
 1— The Thomas W. Evans Museum and Dental Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 2— The Baltimore Col- 
 lege of Dental Surgery, 1839. 3 — Operating Room, The Forsyth Dental Infirmary for Children. 4 — The 
 Forsyth Dental Infirmary for Children, Boston, Mass. 
 

 England 
 
 By Dr. W. B. Patterson, London. 
 
 ENTISTRY in England, 
 ' as practiced by the quali- 
 1 fied dentists of the coun- 
 try, requires a course of 
 study extending over a 
 period of four years. The 
 tendency in England at 
 the present day is for den- 
 tal students to attend those 
 large geflfPSl' hospitals in the chief cities 
 which possess a special dental department, 
 or which have a special dental hospital as- 
 sociated with and in close proximity to 
 them. At no dental hospital is the teaching 
 of all the subjects of the dental curriculum 
 done under one roof. Before a student can 
 enter a hospital and commence his profes- 
 sional studies, it is necessary for him to 
 pass a preliminary examination in the sub- 
 jects of a general education, such as Eng- 
 lish grammar and composition, simple 
 mathematics and Latin, and one optional 
 subject, either a modern language or easy 
 Greek. Many similar preliminary educa- 
 tional examinations of foreign colleges and 
 universities are accepted in lieu of this ex- 
 amination. 
 
 The common or ordinary requirement 
 for the practice of dentistry is a license 
 issued by one of the Royal Colleges of 
 Surgeons in England, Scotland or Ireland. 
 The subjects for study and the examina- 
 tions for this license are practically the 
 same in all three countries. Exemptions 
 are granted to students trained abroad. 
 
 The institutions granting dental degrees 
 are the Royal Colleges of Surgeons, located 
 at London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Glas- 
 gow, which give the degree of L. D. S. 
 (Licentiate in Dental Surgery), and the 
 various universities, which confer the addi- 
 tional degrees of B. D. S. and M. D. S. 
 (Bachelor's and Master's degrees). 
 
 The first two years of a dental course 
 are occupied chiefly with dental mechanics, 
 which may be taken either in the laboratory 
 of a dental hospital or in that of a private 
 dentist ; the next two years, however, must 
 be spent at some dental institution. 
 
 Of the state of dentistry in England it is 
 less easy to speak. The need for dentistry 
 is great, and increasingly so. The Euro- 
 
 pean war is influencing dentistry in various 
 ways. There are fewer students in train- 
 ing. There is less money to be spent upon 
 dentistry, either by private individuals or 
 by the State. School dental clinics, which 
 were spreading throughout the country, are 
 for the moment somewhat checked in their 
 progress. The public conscience, which, 
 thanks to the medical profession, was grad- 
 ually realizing the dangers of dental caries 
 and oral sepsis, is for the moment, owing to 
 the war, apathetic towards dentistry as a 
 part of national State hygiene. 
 
 But the most serious factor in the situa- 
 tion is perhaps the state of dental profes- 
 sion itself. The profession may be divided 
 into two parts. The smaller part consists 
 of all the qualified dentists who have 
 passed an examination after a training at 
 a dental school. The larger part consists 
 of men who have never received such 
 training and who have not passed an 
 examination indicating ability to practice 
 dentistry of any kind. This latter class 
 devotes its attention chiefly to that most 
 remunerative form of dentistry in this 
 country, known as artificial dentures in vul- 
 canite work. Most of the members of this 
 class have at some early period of their 
 career been engaged as mechanics in the 
 laboratories of dental practitioners, before 
 setting up in dental practice for themselves, 
 consequently they possess to .some extent a 
 working knowledge of mechanical den- 
 tistry. 
 
 The law of England, by a curious anom- 
 aly, does not expressly forbid such prac- 
 tice, although it stringently prohibits the 
 use of the title "Dentist" or "Dental Sur- 
 geon" by such unqualified practitioners. 
 
 The result is that an unsatisfactory state 
 of the dental profession is in existence, 
 which acts as a powerful deterrent to 
 young men of education and honorable in- 
 tentions entering dental schools and passing 
 examinations in the subjects of dentistry. 
 
 The British public, it should be men- 
 tioned, is misled not only by the many and 
 various specious devices in the use of titles 
 which the wit of man is able to invent to 
 circumvent the law, but it is misled by the 
 
 / 
 
1— Incorporated Dental Hospital of Ireland, Dublin. 2— The Weir Hall, Incorporated Dental 
 Hospital of Ireland, Dublin. 3— Operating Room, Dental College, Helsingfors, Plnland, 
 
 42 
 
wording- of the law itself; and, further- 
 more, in a vast number of cases it is mis- 
 led by the suggestion that true economy is 
 practiced in parting with the natural den- 
 ture and substituting that produced by art. 
 The General Council of Medical Educa- 
 tion of Great Britain and Ireland, the 
 British Medical Association, and the British 
 
 Dental Association are all engaged with the 
 Legislature in an honorable attempt to 
 amend the present state of the law, but the 
 war is at the moment paralyzing their 
 efforts. At the conclusion of the war, it is 
 to be hoped that a brighter future may be 
 in store for the dental schools and for den- 
 tistry in connection with the public health. 
 
 Ireland 
 
 By A. W. W. Baker, Esq., L. D. S., I. M. D., F. R. C. S. I. 
 Photographs taken by Mrs. A. W. W. Baker. 
 
 The University of Dublin (Trinity Col- 
 lege) evinced her interest in dentistry some 
 years ago by constituting as optional sub- 
 jects for the degree of M. Ch. (Master of 
 Surgery), "surgery in one of its recognized 
 branches, viz. : ophthalmic and aural ; gynae- 
 cological ; dental." The importance of this 
 decision to our profession can scarcely be 
 overrated. 
 
 Since then the University has established 
 a school of dental science, and lectures are 
 given by the university professors and 
 lectures in anatomy, chemistry, surgery, 
 natural philosophy, physiology, pathology, 
 dental surgery and pathology, dental me- 
 chanics, orthodontia and anaesthetics. The 
 university grants the degrees of Bachelor 
 and Master in Dental Science. Either of 
 these qualifications entitles the holder to be 
 registered as a licensed dental practitioner. 
 In order to obtain the degree of Bachelor 
 (B. Dent. Sc), candidates must have com- 
 pleted the course for the Arts degree 
 (B. A.) of the university and have spent 
 
 at least four years in the school of den- 
 tistry. The degree of Master in Dental 
 Science (M. Dent. Sc.) is awarded after 
 a further examination and cannot be taken 
 until the end of a fifth year of study. 
 
 The Royal College of Surgeons in Ire- 
 land was the first licensing corporation in 
 Dublin to grant a diploma in dentistry, 
 which dates back to nearly forty years ago. 
 The diploma granted to successful candi- 
 dates is License in Dental Surgery (L. D. 
 S. I.), Ireland being added to distinguish 
 the diploma from those of the other Royal 
 Colleges. The courses of study prescribed 
 for students and the regulations for their 
 examination are essentially the same as in 
 the other Royal Colleges elsewhere in the 
 United Kingdom. 
 
 University College, a constituent college 
 of the National University of Ireland, also 
 grants degrees in dentistry (Bachelor and 
 Master of Dental Surgery), the conditions 
 for which do not materially differ from 
 those prescribed by the other licensing 
 bodies. 
 
 
1— Helsingfors, Finland. 2— Statue of Alexander Helsingfors, Finland. 3 — Monument to Victor 
 Emanuel II at Rome, Italy. 4 — University at Helsingfors, Finland. 
 
 44 
 
 ,-— .^-^ 
 
Ib 
 
 HE Grand Duchy of Fin- 
 land, which, since the year 
 _ 1809, has been united to 
 j^; the Empire of Russia, has 
 about three and one-quar- 
 ter milHon inhabitants. 
 
 As in many other 
 States, dentistry in Fin- 
 land is of a relatively late 
 date." The first graduate dentists who prac- 
 ticed in the country were Germans and 
 Swedes. 
 
 The question of organizing the dental 
 work in Finland was first suggested to the 
 body of physicians of the country in 1883 
 by some interested dentists. Proposals 
 were made in 1885 and 1887, but not until 
 1891 did the Imperial ordinance emanate 
 "Concerning the Organization of the In- 
 struction in Dentistry in Finland." In con- 
 sequence, there was established, in Helsing- 
 fors, the capital of the country, a Dentists' 
 Hospital, subordinate to the Faculty of 
 Medicine of the Imperial Alexander Uni- 
 versity of Helsingfors. 
 
 This hospital, being at first only a sec- 
 tion of the "Polyclinique" of the Surgical 
 Hospital of Helsingfors, has since devel- 
 oped into one of the greatest and most 
 modern odontologic establishments in the 
 Scandinavian countries. 
 
 The instruction at this establishment is 
 now imparted by two masters.one of whom 
 has charge of the preservative treatment of 
 teeth, and mouth surgery, while the other 
 is in charge of prothesology and the regu- 
 lation of teeth. Two ordinary assistants 
 are, besides, engaged in carrying on the 
 work. 
 
 At the present moment, about fifty stu- 
 dents are enrolled at this school. 
 
 Any one who has passed the dentists' 
 examination at the University of Finland 
 is entitled to practice dentistry in this coun- 
 try, as are also legalized Finnish physi- 
 cians and dentists who have passed exami- 
 nations in Russia. 
 
 The examination subjects required for 
 future dentists in Finland are: 
 
 1. Medical preliminary examination in 
 chemistry, physics, zoology and botany (at 
 least one and a half years' course). 
 
 Dentist-candidate examination, m 
 anatomy, physiology and materia medico, 
 and a practical co^irse in bacteriology (at 
 least one and a half years' course). 
 
 3. Dentist's examination, which, after 
 at least three terms' service at the Odon- 
 tologie Establishment of the University and 
 two months' attendance at the Syphilidolo- 
 gie Clinique, shall consist of an examina- 
 tion by the two masters at the Odontologie 
 Establishment and by the professor of Sur- 
 gical "Clinique" (at least a two years' 
 course). 
 
 A great many of the dentists of Finland 
 have passed their final examination abroad 
 (in Germany, Sweden or Norway) and 
 have, after this examination, been allowed 
 to practice in this country; but since Janu- 
 ary 1, 1910, all dentist candidates, without 
 exception, are obliged to undergo the 
 above-named examinations, in order to gain 
 venia practicandi. 
 
 At the present moment, ninety-eight Fin- 
 nish dentists are entitled to practice in this 
 country. Of these, seven are, besides, com- 
 pletely educated and trained physicians. 
 
 In order to promote their profession, 
 the dentists of Finland have united to form 
 a society, the Finnish Dentists' Societv, 
 founded April 16, 1892. The society, 
 whose transactions are now published in 
 two volumes a year, consisted, at the end 
 of 1914, of eighty-three members, besides 
 honorary and corresponding members. 
 Among the last named, the society has the 
 honor of enrolling also some eminent 
 American dentists. 
 
 The position of odontology in Finland as 
 an independent branch of medicine received 
 a universal acknowledgment in 1903. at the 
 meeting of Northern Naturalists and Phy- 
 sicians in Helsingfors, where odontology 
 was for the first time represented by a sec- 
 tion of its own. 
 
 The most of the dentists of Finland have 
 gone abroad for study, after completing the 
 prescribed course at Helsingfors. A ma- 
 jority belong to the Federation Dentaire 
 Internationale, and one of the Finnish den- 
 (Continued on page 47) 
 
 
 T^ 
 
 T — 
 
^^^Wf;7^ 
 
 Synopsis of the Evolution of Dentistry in France 
 
 By Dr. Ch. Godon 
 
 know that the French 
 dental art shone with its 
 u t m o's t splendor during 
 t h e eighteenth century. 
 The truly scientific time 
 of its evolution begins 
 with Pierre Fauchard, 
 author of the first manual 
 of dental surgery, pub- 
 lished in 1728 ; and, until the beginning of 
 the nineteenth century, the French dentists 
 enjoyed the greatest reputation for their 
 skill; but they seem to have lost that skil- 
 fulness after the beginning of the nine- 
 teenth century. Consequently the dentists 
 started an important professional movement 
 in France, about 1879, to raise their pro- 
 fession to its former standard. This move- 
 ment led to the establishing of the first 
 dental school in France, known as "L'Ecole 
 Dentaire de Paris," or "The Dental School 
 of Paris." This movement gave birth at 
 first to a society called "Le Cercle des Den- 
 tistes de Paris," or "The Dentists' Club of 
 Paris," which became, a few years later, 
 "L'Association Generale Syndicale des 
 Dentistes de France," or "The General 
 Syndicated Association of the Dentists of 
 France." The aim sought by this club was 
 both to defend the professional interests 
 of its members and to reform the dental 
 technics and its practice in France. Its 
 first care was to establish a school in 
 which should be taught methodically and 
 scientifically the science of dentistry, which 
 at that time was taught in France only 
 through individual apprenticeship. The 
 Dental School of Paris, established in 1880, 
 had a two-fold aim : First, to teach to stu- 
 dents through theory and practice the 
 odontologic science, and second, to estab- 
 lish a dental dispensary for the indigent. 
 Its founders modeled their own school after 
 the dental colleges of the United States, 
 
 whose curriculum they took and adapted 
 to the needs of the dental profession in 
 France. 
 
 The progress made by the School of 
 Dentistry of Paris in the recruiting and in 
 the forming of a body of competent den- 
 tists, the creation of a scientific society, 
 "Societe d'Odontologie de Paris," or the 
 "Odontologic Society of Paris," and of a 
 monthly review called L'Odontologie, or 
 The Odontology, caused the establishment 
 four years later, in 1884, of a similar school, 
 called "The Odontotechnic School," and 
 caused the French Government to recognize 
 these schools and to enact laws for the regu- 
 lation of the academic studies pursued in 
 the dental schools of France. Such was in 
 part the aim both of the law passed on 
 the 30th of November, 1892, with regard 
 to dental medicine, and of the completing 
 decrees or laws of the 25th of July, 1893, 
 and of the 31st of December, 1894, which 
 created an obligatory State diploma for the 
 surgeon dentist, and made unlawful the 
 practice of dentistry without a physician's 
 or a dentist's State diploma. These laws 
 fixed also the period of odontologic study 
 at three years and also prescribed that 
 three examinations be taken by the candi- 
 dates during the three years. This law did 
 not take into sufficient consideration the 
 odontologic technic, and upon the repeated 
 representations of the odontologists it was 
 modified by a decree of the 11th of Janu- 
 ary, 1909, which is in force at the present 
 time, and which completes very effectively 
 the legislation upon the matter. 
 
 Whenever a student in dentistry has un- 
 dergone a course of general study giving 
 him a certain degree of general proficiency 
 in odontologic science, the law enjoins 
 upon him five more years of study, two of 
 which shall be given to probationary work 
 and three to school work. The two years 
 
 
of probationary work given exclusively to 
 scientific and technical studies terminate 
 Wfith an examination for the validation of 
 this probationary work. Then come three 
 years of school work, and at the end of 
 each year an examination. 
 
 It is after the third year and the last 
 examination that the State diploma is given 
 to the surgeon dentist. 
 
 Independently of the two dental schools 
 above mentioned, both of them chartered 
 by the State, the dental teaching, which is 
 free, subject to certain limitations, is 
 
 equally given in the dental schools of 
 Lyon and Nantes, as well as by the facul- 
 ties of Bordeaux, Lille and Nancy. Be- 
 sides The Odontology, other dental re- 
 views are published. Likewise independ- 
 ently of the Odontological Society there 
 have been established other scientific dental 
 societies. 
 
 The First International Dental Congress 
 met in Paris in 1889, and the Third Inter- 
 national Dental Congress, which founded 
 the International Dental Federation, met 
 at the same place in 1900. 
 
 America 
 (Continued from page 16) 
 of the statement of the Medical Faculty of In summarizing 
 
 the University of Maryland back in 1839, 
 "that the subject of dentistry was of little 
 consequence." A memorial to Thomas W. 
 Evans, an American dentist practicing his 
 profession in a foreign land, achieving dis- 
 tinction and success, gratifying a personal 
 desire to give unto others, it stands today 
 as the latest achievement bespeaking the 
 progress and pre-eminence of American 
 dentistry. 
 
 Dental schools, dental 
 journals, dental associations, have made 
 American dentistry what it is today, but 
 each and all of these factors have been 
 inseparably linked with the names of men 
 whose lives and ideals were molded into 
 character, founded on justice, developed 
 in a sturdy environment and influenced by 
 the finer sense of morality and ethics 
 which means for all things immortalized 
 fame. 
 
 New South Wales 
 (Continued from page 26) 
 
 monwealth has formed a dental corps of 
 officers, the senior dental surgeon in each 
 State to be a captain and the other officers 
 to be lieutenants. 
 
 Some years ago our dental journal was 
 purchased by the four representative dental 
 societies, viz. : The Odontological Society 
 of New South Wales, the Dental Associa- 
 tion of New South Wales, the University 
 
 of Sydney Dental Graduates' Society, the 
 New South Wales Society of Dental Grad- 
 uates. These gentlemen formed editorial 
 and management committees, increased the 
 size of the journal, canvassed the societies 
 for subscribers and appointed an editor-in- 
 chief in the person of Dr. Percy Ash. The 
 journal is now one of the largest and most 
 successful dental journals south of the line. 
 
 Finland 
 
 (Continued from page 45) 
 
 tists is a member of its Hygienic Commis- 
 sion. 
 
 In the country, the General Society for 
 Promoting the Care of the Mouth and 
 Teeth does much useful work. By means 
 of public lectures and popular essays, the 
 society works for mouth hygiene, particu- 
 larly among the lower classes of society, 
 and for the introduction of instruction in 
 the care of the teeth in the schools of the 
 country. Three towns, Helsingfors, Abo 
 
 and Tammerfors, have a tooth clinique each, 
 for national school children, where they 
 receive rational attention to their teeth, free 
 of cost. 
 
 Tooth-caries is, I regret to say, a very 
 prevalent disease in Finland. According to 
 examinations made in 1912, the teeth of 
 3,225 out of 3,400 national school children 
 (average age 9}4 years), or 94.9 per cent, 
 were affected by caries. 
 
 ^M 
 
By Dr. Eduardo Caceres 
 
 HE Dental Institute of 
 Guatemala was e s t a b - 
 lished by special resolu- 
 t i o n of the Executive 
 Council of the Republic 
 on the 1st of February, 
 1896, and is affiUated 
 with the Faculty of Medi- 
 c i n e and Pharmacy, by 
 whose executive board it is governed. 
 
 In the Institute, undergraduates receive 
 theoretical and practical instruction in den- 
 tal surgery gratis. 
 
 In order to gain admission to the courses 
 given by the Faculty of Dentistry, it is 
 absolutely necessary to have graduated in 
 science and letters at a recognized univer- 
 sity. The regular course occupies three 
 years, and is as follows: 
 
 First Year. 
 
 1. Anatomy. 
 
 2. Osteology. 
 
 3. Histology and Dissection. 
 
 4. Physics. 
 
 5. Chemistry. 
 
 Second Year. 
 
 1. Physiology. 
 
 2. Dental Pathology. 
 Embryology. 
 
 Operative and Prosthetic Technique. 
 Clinics. 
 
 Third Year. 
 Therapeutics. 
 Materia Medica. 
 Surgery. 
 Prosthetic Dentistry. 
 
 5. Orthodontia. 
 
 6. Operative Dentistry. 
 
 In October, which is the end of the aca- 
 demic year, the undergraduate must pass 
 an examination in each subject of his 
 course. After he has concluded his third 
 year and has passed all his final examina- 
 tions, he is then required to undergo a 
 three hours' examination on theoretical and 
 practical dentistry and also to present an 
 original thesis (printed) on some subject 
 previously prescribed by the dean of the 
 faculty, and to answer a series of oral ques- 
 tions thereon, previously selected by the 
 dean and secretary of faculty. The part 
 of the examination bearing chiefly on the 
 subject matter of the thesis is held by the 
 faculty of the Institute in association with 
 two surgeon dentists appointed for the 
 purpose by the Minister of Public Instruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Foreigners who may have obtained the 
 title of surgeon dentist in foreign countries 
 are not allowed to practice in Guatemala 
 without having previously submitted to the 
 examination prescribed by the law of the 
 Republic. 
 
 Natives of Guatemala who obtain their 
 title in foreign countries may be incorpo- 
 rated in the faculty by a simple resolution 
 of the executive board; but, notwithstand- 
 ing this, the board has in contemplation 
 the reform of this regulation to the extent 
 of requiring from those who may desire to 
 be incorporated, the Degree of Science and 
 Letters or its equivalent. 
 
"f^:^^ — 
 
 The State of Dentistry in Italy 
 
 By Dr. Vincenzo Guerini 
 
 |HE State of dentistry in 
 Italy is still unsatisfac- 
 tory, chiefly owing to the 
 fact that up to a few 
 years ago there were no 
 special schools for the 
 teaching of the dental art. 
 It was ordained by 
 royal decree, April 24, 
 1890, that thenceforward all those intend- 
 ing to practice dentistry must be graduates 
 of medicine. Of course, this did not aflfect 
 the standing of those who were practicing 
 dentistry prior to that date. 
 
 In consequence of this decree, a great 
 number of medical men took up the dental 
 profession, but in general with too brief 
 and quite insufficient preparation, made 
 after the conclusion of their medical 
 studies. The medical course in Italy cov- 
 ers a period of six years and is usually 
 completed at about the age of 25, but the 
 dental specialty is not included therein. 
 
 The decree was evidently made with a 
 view of raising the standard of dentistry 
 in Italy, but it failed altogether to attain 
 this object, for, no provision having been 
 made for creating dental schools, the only 
 effect of the decree was to produce, beside 
 the older class of practitioners, another 
 class, less efficient than the former, al- 
 though provided with the medical degree. 
 In fact, the former had learned the dental 
 art, in general, by a practical career ex- 
 tending over many years, whilst the latter 
 had, in most cases, entered the dental pro- 
 fession after a short and altogether insuf- 
 ficient preparation. 
 
 These unfavorable conditions still per- 
 sist, in great part, even at the present day. 
 Nevertheless, a certain improvement has 
 already taken place, for seven years ago 
 the Italian Institute of Stomatology (Isti- 
 tuto Stomatologico Italiano) was founded 
 in Milan with plentiful and modern means 
 
 for the teaching of all parts of dentistry 
 and oral surgery, and only a few months 
 ago a new School of Stomatology was 
 opened in Florence. The Milanese Insti- 
 tute of Stomatology admits as students 
 only graduates of medicine who intend to 
 specialize in dentistry ; while the school at 
 F'lorence admits also students of the last 
 years of the course of medicine, thus af- 
 fording the young men the advantage of 
 a longer period of dental instruction, part 
 of which may be carried out before the 
 conclusion of their medical studies and 
 part after the obtaining of the M. D. 
 diploma. 
 
 The above-mentioned decree has re- 
 cently passed into law. At the same time, 
 a great number of illegal practitioners were 
 allowed to continue dental practice, some 
 by passing an examination proving their 
 ability, some by simply presenting docu- 
 ments certifying that they had practiced 
 dentistry for over fifteen years and were 
 able practitioners. 
 
 At the present time, a certain number 
 of stomatological societies exist in Italy, 
 formed by the stomatologists of the dif- 
 ferent regions of Italy (Piedmont, Lom- 
 bardy, Liguria, Tuscany, etc.). There is 
 also an Italian Stomatological Federation 
 (Federazione Stomatologica Italiana), 
 which comprises all the regional stomato- 
 logical societies. 
 
 The surgeon dentists, on the other hand, 
 have also regional societies and a national 
 federation (Federazione tra gli Ordini de- 
 gli Odontoiatri d'ltalia). 
 
 As to the professional press, it is now 
 represented by two monthly journals, La 
 Stomatologia, the official organ of the Fed- 
 erazione Stomatologica Italiana, edited by 
 Prof. Dr. G. Coen-Cagli, and L'Odonto- 
 Stomatologia, the official organ of the 
 Federazione tra gli Ordini degli Odontoia- 
 tri d'ltalia, edited by Dr. Vincenzo Guerini. 
 
 
 V 
 
1— The New Punahon, Bishop Hall. 2— The Old Punahon (Oahu College). 3— The Library of , i r-^^j 
 Hawaii. 4— Building of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Lima, Peru. I ' -*-' 
 
 m 
 
 ¥ 
 
[E first record of the ar- 
 rival of a dentist upon the 
 Hawaiian Islands is con- 
 tained in the following 
 interesting advertisement 
 from The Polynesian, pub- 
 ? lished in Honolulu and 
 dated Saturday, December 
 11. 1847: 
 "DENTISTRY 
 B. Stevens, Surgeon Dentist, is 
 now in Honolulu, and is fully prepared to 
 perform any operation on the teeth that 
 may be required, in the most scientific 
 manner. 
 
 "He zvill insert teeth from one to an 
 entire set, either on Pivot or Gold Plate, as 
 the case may require. Fill teeth zvith gold 
 or tin foil, clean, extract, etc." 
 
 His successor was Dr. John Mott-Smith, 
 who arrived in 1851, and immediately took 
 a high position, both professionally and 
 socially, so much so that in 1808 he was 
 called to fill a position in the cabinet of 
 King Kamehameha V. 
 
 Dr. Mott-Smith was followed by Dr. 
 Richards, who remained but a short time. 
 
 In 1869, at the urgent call of several 
 residents, Dr. J. M. Whitney, a graduate of 
 the University of Pennsylvania, arrived, 
 and for many years was the only practic- 
 ing dentist upon the islands. 
 
 With the increased coming of white resi- 
 dents, the number of dentists rapidly in- 
 creased, until now there are probably as 
 many, perhaps more, dentists in Honolulu 
 
 than in a mainland place of an equal popu- 
 lation. Included in those practicing this 
 profession are Portuguese, Chinese and 
 Japanese dentists, who occupy a high posi- 
 tion in the esteem of their own people and 
 others. 
 
 In the year 189G. the first law relating to 
 the practice of dentistry was passed by the 
 legislature of Hawaii. The act provides 
 that no person shall practice dentistry upon 
 the islands without a certificate from the 
 Board of Dental Examiners, this board to 
 be appointed by the Minister of the Interior. 
 The board was ordered to issue certificates 
 to all holders of diplomas from reputable 
 colleges of dentistry. All others must pass 
 examinations within sixty days. A fine of 
 five hundred dollars was exacted for prac- 
 ticing dentistry without a license. In 1903 
 a second law was passed, making the 
 requirements more stringent, requiring a 
 diploma from some college of dentistry as 
 a condition of appearing before the License 
 Board. The license may be cancelled at any 
 time upon conviction of misconduct or fel- 
 ony; using assumed degrees is made a 
 misdemeanor. 
 
 The Hawaiian Dental Society was or- 
 ganized in the year 1903 and has held yearly 
 and special meetings to date. Valuable 
 papers have been read and discussed, and 
 not infrequently distinguished professional 
 visitors have addressed the society and 
 given clinics. The Dental Society nominates 
 the Dental Board to be appointed by the 
 Governor. 
 
 mK\^- 
 
 ; 
 
 Know then thyself, presume not God to scan ; 
 The proper study of mankind is man. 
 
 —Pope, Essay on Man. 
 
 
 V. 
 
 
 
 51 ■"" 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 '^ "^^fcf 
 
 -r--..r::ii^^^ 
 
 
 
Ue^-L 
 
 1— The. Royal Caroline Medico-Surgical Institute of Stockholm. 2— Tokyo Dental CoUese. 
 3— Italian Stomatological Institute, Operating Room. 
 
By Dr. M. Chiwaki 
 
 — iAPAN had for a consider- 
 ably long time developed 
 a special feature of her 
 own dental practice, until 
 the modern dentistry was 
 introduced some forty 
 years ago, and today we 
 can see a remarkable 
 progress in dentistry 
 ma3e by^ung odontologists of this coun- 
 try. 
 
 It should be naturally advisable that if 
 one is desirous to know the state of affairs 
 in dentistry in this country, one ought to 
 be accustomed with the dental law at first. 
 The Dental Lazv of Japan. The dental 
 law of Japan (which deals with every 
 matter of dental profession) was enacted 
 on the 39th year of Meiji (1906), and 
 every dental practitioner has had to be 
 governed by this law. 
 
 The dental law of Japan consists of thir- 
 teen articles. The first article determines 
 the qualifications of the candidate for the 
 dental practitioner, which writes as follows : 
 
 (a) That he has graduated from a den- 
 tal school designated by the Minister of 
 Education. 
 
 (b) That he has succeeded in passing 
 the examination for dental practice. 
 
 (c) That he not only graduated from a 
 foreign dental school or obtained license 
 for dental practice in a foreign country, 
 but that he is recognized as a proper and 
 duly qualified person by the Minister of 
 Home Affairs. 
 
 The eighth article of the law provides 
 that dentists may establish a dentists' asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 Examination for the License of Dental 
 Profession. In accordance with the dental 
 law, the regulations of the examination for 
 the license of dental profession were is- 
 sued on the second year of Taisho (1913). 
 in which the following conditions are con- 
 tained : 
 
 The applicant for the examination is re- 
 quired to have obtained the diploma of a 
 dental school of three-year course, after he 
 had completed the whole course of a middle 
 school. The subjects for examination are: 
 
 Anatomy (histology included), physiology, 
 pharmacology, pathology (bacteriology in- 
 cluded), oral surgery, dental prosthetics 
 and operatives (orthodontia included), pro- 
 vided with the examination in practice. 
 The regulations will be, however, valid on 
 and after the tenth year of Taisho (1921). 
 and for the time being the regulations 
 which were determined on the eighteenth 
 year of Meiji (1886) take effect. The 
 current regulation is more beneficent than 
 the newly enacted one, as it grants anyone 
 who has studied two years is qualified to be 
 the applicant for examination for dental 
 profession, and the subjects are dental 
 anatomy, dental physiology, dental phar- 
 macology, oral surgery, dental operatives, 
 dental prosthesis, and practical trials. 
 
 Dental Schools. There are two kinds of 
 dental schools in Japan ; one is designated 
 by the Minister of Education ; its gradu- 
 ates are entitled to license for dental 
 practice without being officially examined 
 as to their personal attainments. There 
 are now only two dental colleges of this 
 kind, or designated dental institutes. One 
 of them is the "Tokio Shikwa Tgaku Sem- 
 mon Gakko" (Tokio Dental College), 
 which was established some twenty-five 
 years ago by Dr. Kisai Takayama. and Dr. 
 Morinosuke Chiwaki, succeeding the prede- 
 cessor, is the present president. The stu- 
 dents ought to be acknowledged, at their 
 entrance, as well-qualified persons by pass- 
 ing the examinations of both qualities of 
 culture and physical structure. The diploma 
 is acquired after studying the preparatory 
 course of six months and principal course 
 of three vears. The other college is the 
 "Xihon Shikwa Igaku Semmon Gakko" 
 (Japan Dental College), the president of 
 which is Dr. Ichigoro Xakahara. 
 
 The other kind of dental institutes, or 
 the schools which are not recognized by 
 the Minister of Education, are at present 
 nine in number. They give the necessary 
 education to the would-be applicants for 
 the preparation for the official examination. 
 
 The Graduates at ,'hnerican Dental 
 Schools. Those persons who studied at 
 least three years and graduated at a dental 
 
 J 
 
 w 
 
 -^3 
 
*' 
 
 school of the membership of N. A. of D. F. 
 or D. F. A. of A. U., have been entitled so 
 far to be dentists without examination, and 
 any one who possesses the license for prac- 
 tice dentistry of any State has the rigfht to 
 be a dentist. 
 
 The Number of Dentists. At present 
 the registered dentists in Japan are 2,404 
 in number, and it is observed that, in com- 
 parison with the population of this coun- 
 try, one dentist is to serve for a large peo- 
 ple as 23,000 persons. 
 
 Dentists' Association. In every prefec- 
 ture there is a dentists' association, if there 
 are ten dentists or more are dwelling, in 
 accordance the right of them bestowed on 
 by the dental law. These associations are 
 remarkably active and energetic for protec- 
 tion of the right of dental practitioners and 
 for maintenance of public morality. The 
 improvement of public health and every 
 administration for that purpose has been 
 strenuously enforced through the country 
 bv these associations. 
 
 Associated Dental Society of Japan 
 (Nihon Rengo Shikwa Ikwai) is embodied 
 for the purpose of combining the local as- 
 sociations alluded above, and holds annually 
 the general meeting of the representatives 
 of all associations, and it has five commit- 
 tees for the management of the society, and 
 Dr. Seki-ichi Enomoto is the chairman of 
 the committee. 
 
 As an organism for scientific investiga- 
 tion, the "Nippon Shikwa Igaku Kwai" 
 
 (Japan Odontological Society) is enjoying 
 its long existence, most dental practitioners 
 in Japan being its members. The monthly 
 meeting is held in Tokyo, and once a year 
 the general meeting takes place in the 
 same city. Dr. Morinosuke Chiwaki is the 
 president of the society. Besides these 
 associations and societies, a few small 
 bodies hold their gatherings frequently, of 
 which some endeavor themselves to scientific 
 research, and some others discuss solely 
 social problems in close interests of den- 
 tistry. 
 
 Dental Periodicals. In connection with 
 dental science, seven journals are monthly 
 issued now in Japan, and besides there 
 are published a few periodicals, but their 
 issue is not regular. 
 
 The Relation of the Medical Practitioner 
 to the Dentist. The distinction between 
 physicians and dentists is very obscure in 
 regard to professional practice. How far 
 the medical practitioners are entitled to 
 practice dentistry is the critical item of 
 legal controversy. Discussions were ve- 
 hemently made recently in the Imperial 
 Diet. The medical school in Japan does 
 not give any education in dentistry. The 
 Medical Department of the Imperial Uni- 
 versity has had the chair of dental science 
 for not a short time, but it remained long as 
 an optical course for students. Last year 
 the course became obligatory, and twenty 
 hours are allotted to the dental education. 
 The professor of the chair is Dr. Hisashi 
 Ishihara. 
 
 
 My curse upon thy venom'd stang. 
 That shoots my tortured gums alang; 
 And through my lugs gies monie a twang, 
 
 Wi' gnawing vengeance. 
 Tearing my nerves wi' bitter pang. 
 
 Like racking engines ! 
 
 —Burns, Address to the Toothache. 
 
 ^' —n^ 
 
Netherlands 
 
 By Dr. M. De Boer 
 
 E Dental Institute of 
 Utrecht, the only one in 
 this country, is a depart- 
 ment of the State Univer- 
 sity and has developed 
 from a three-room house 
 (1865) to the building 
 shown in the picture, 
 ^' which dates from 1910 
 
 and has, nearly from its foundation, proven 
 to be too small for the accommodation of 
 the present number of students. 
 
 The first lecturer, nominated by the 
 Government in 1877, had to teach medical 
 students the diagnosis of dental and oral 
 diseases and the medical treatment. For 
 this purpose those students could attend 
 a clinic three times a week. To under- 
 stand this teaching, one lecture on special 
 anatomy, physiology and pathology was 
 given. 
 
 A few young men, who took up den- 
 tistry as their future profession, soon made 
 their appearance in these places, and a spe- 
 cial lecture was held for them on funda- 
 mental dental treatment. By and by they 
 increased in number and medical students 
 stayed away, as this special knowledge was 
 not required in their medical examinations. 
 The lecturer wanted an assistant and 
 the building became too small. A new 
 house was taken in 1895, providing more 
 air and light, but nothing with which to 
 teach practical dentistry. There was not 
 even a curriculum announced. Conditions 
 seemed to continue as they were before. 
 Students, then about twenty-five in number, 
 were kept busy only four hours a week, 
 and as this resulted in insufficient prepara- 
 tion for the final examinations, they made 
 a present of modest furniture for the tech- 
 nical department, to the institute and sent 
 a request to the Government, asking for 
 practical teaching. A favorable answer 
 came, another assistant was appointed, and 
 an installation made for the operative room. 
 Years passed and everything changed; the 
 number of students was increasing and the 
 
 Government became convinced that some- 
 thing more ought to be done. A private 
 residence, an old-style house, was rebuilt 
 and enlarged, and opened in 1910. A staff 
 of five lecturers and a dozen assistants, 
 however, at this time does not yet seem 
 adequate to give all the teaching necessary 
 for about 200 dental students in a four 
 years' course. Plans for building exten- 
 sion and a call for more assistance in the 
 work, are being put before the Govern- 
 ment, and in the interest of all it is to be 
 hoped that teacher and student may soon 
 be contented. 
 
 Up to 1893^ the law did not require any 
 preliminary study for those who intended 
 to take up dentistry ; they had only to pass 
 two examinations, a theoretical and a prac- 
 tical one, and it did not matter whence the 
 knowledge came nor how long the prac- 
 tical experience. 
 
 A committee of medical professors of 
 any of the State universities constituted a 
 board for the theoretical examination ; for 
 the practical examination the student ap- 
 peared before a committee consisting of the 
 lecturer and two private dentists, who pre- 
 sented a report of their examination to the 
 board of examiners for physicians. Since 
 the year mentioned above, entrance to den- 
 tal courses is allowed only to those who are 
 also admitted to f. i. medical courses. Lec- 
 tures on general branches can be attended 
 in the medical department, whilst special 
 and purely dental teaching is the business 
 of the dental lecturers. At the present 
 time both examinations take place in 
 Utrecht only. 
 
 The first dental society dates from 1881 
 (membership from now on only by invi- 
 tation) ; another one has existed since 1904, 
 and last year a national society with dis- 
 trict departments of a more social character 
 was founded. In addition, some local soci- 
 eties are in existence. 
 
 One dental periodical is published 
 monthly. 
 
 u-^--, 
 
Dentistry in New Zealand 
 
 By Dr. H. P. Pickerill 
 
 
 r 
 
 EGAL Restrictions. Ad- 
 mission to the practice of 
 dentistry in New Zealand 
 is governed by "The Den- 
 tists' Act of 1904." This 
 act provides that to be en- 
 titled to be registered as 
 a dentist, one must be the 
 holder of a degree in den- 
 tal surgery from the University of New 
 Zealand, or the holder of a certificate of 
 proficiency in dental surgery or dentistry 
 issued by the Senate of New Zealand Uni- 
 versity, or the holder of a British or for- 
 eign diploma, or he must have been an 
 apprentice or a practicing dentist prior to 
 the passage of the act. 
 
 Registration. Every dental student, be- 
 fore entering upon his course, either for 
 the degree or for the certificate, must be 
 registered as a student by the registrar of 
 the New Zealand University. No student 
 can be registered unless he either has 
 passed the preliminary dental examination 
 of the New Zealand University, or is a 
 graduate of a university in arts or science, 
 and has commenced the study of dentistry. 
 
 either with a private practitioner or at one 
 of the affiliated colleges. 
 
 Dental students may now obtain, at the 
 Dental School of the University of New 
 Zealand, all the teaching and training re- 
 quired by the Senate of the University for 
 the degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery, 
 and for the certificate of proficiency in 
 dental surgery. 
 
 Charitable Work. Attached to all the 
 chief hospitals in the Dominion are public 
 dental departments with stipendary dentists 
 in charge, assisted by honorary staflfs, 
 where a large amount of dental treatment 
 is undertaken for patients who cannot af- 
 ford the ordinary practitioners' fees. 
 
 New Zealand Dental Association. This 
 is a "national" association with twelve 
 branches thoroughly organized throughout 
 the country. 
 
 The association fosters professional 
 meetings, scientific research, undertakes 
 prosecutions of unregistered practitioners, 
 insures its members against action for dam- 
 ages, and publishes the New Zealand Den- 
 tal Journal. An annual conference is held 
 in Wellington. 
 
 I -v^S 
 
 Lick Pioneer Monument, San Francisco 
 56 
 
 _r '^^^^iljiSii 
 
Dentistry in Peru 
 
 By Dr. P. R. Salazar 
 
 1 
 
 S regards the profession 
 of surgeon dentist and its 
 progress in Peru, I can 
 comply with your request, 
 and do so, at the same 
 time, with exactitude, by 
 taking excerpts from a 
 work, which is still uned- 
 i t e d , by Dr. Humberto 
 Fernandez Davila, and the prologue to 
 which has been written by Dr. Christian 
 Dam, dean of the dentists in Peru. This 
 work has not been as yet published, because 
 the author has been absent in Pennsylvania, 
 U. S. A. 
 
 "Odontology in Peru has been over- 
 looked by everybody and only on very rare 
 occasions has it attracted the attention of 
 the authorities charged with the adminis- 
 tration of public education in the Repub- 
 lic." 
 
 "No serious thought has ever been taken 
 with a view to teaching that branch of 
 surgery, nor has the most insignificant 
 sum of money ever been appropriated to 
 this important study." 
 
 "Our general regulations of education 
 assigned a place in the curriculum of pro- 
 fessional studies to this science, and placed 
 the teaching of the theory under the charge 
 of the Faculty of Medicine, leaving the 
 practical instruction entirely in the hands 
 of the practicing dentists." 
 
 Some of the details presented by Dr. H. 
 Fernandez Davila in the work above quoted 
 are rather curious, and speaking of the 
 history of dentistry in Peru, he says as 
 follows: "Amongst the ancient Peruvians, 
 the art of curing the diseases of the mouth 
 and teeth was carried on by means of herbs 
 and medicinal plants." And Garcilaso de 
 la Vega, in his "Comentarios Reales," Vol. 
 II, Chapter 20, in speaking of the methods 
 employed for curing the gums by the In- 
 dians, gives the following description of 
 the way they utilize a special root : 
 
 "The Indians also employed the Taca- 
 hamaca, a rosin which they used to place 
 in the hollow of a tooth, or the Palo Santo 
 (Holy Wood) either in syrup or infusion, 
 as a mouth wash. Tobacco was employed 
 in the form of a pellet and made out of 
 
 the leaf of the plant and introduced into 
 the hollow of the tooth, thus relieving the 
 pain. They also utilized Saxifrage and 
 Cardo Santo for the same purpose." 
 
 "Another remedy employed by them to 
 relieve toothache was the juice of the 
 LechuguiUa silvcstre, which is very bitter." 
 
 The present organization of the profes- 
 sion of dental surgery in Peru dates from 
 the year 1856, when reforms were intro- 
 duced in the teaching and practice of medi- 
 cine, and, as Dr. H. Fernandez Davila very 
 truly says: "It does not really respond to 
 the present requirements of the profession 
 as regards scientific knowledge and prac- 
 tice. The progress made in dental science 
 and the experience of over half a century, 
 as well as the public necessities which have 
 varied since that date, demand a radical 
 reform in this important branch of medi- 
 cine." 
 
 In the year 1856, the practice of odon- 
 tology was unknown to the natives of the 
 country and only three foreigners were rec- 
 ognized as dentists: Doctors C. Petit, E. 
 Proby and M. Dupuch. 
 
 "There was no teaching on the subject 
 nor was a dental curriculum established in 
 any way whatever, and only the foreign 
 dentists underwent a superficial examina- 
 tion in order to revalidate their diplomas 
 and obtain authority to practice their pro- 
 fession in Peru, whilst others even omit- 
 ted this official formula and freely opened 
 their offices to the public." (Dr.H. Fer- 
 nandez Davila, D. D. S.) 
 
 It was not until the year 1870 that pupils 
 matriculated for the study of dentistry in 
 the School of Medicine, and these were 
 two, Don Julio Pebaque, a native of the 
 island of Martinique, and Don Aurelio 
 Marquez, a native of Lima, Peru. 
 
 In 1872, acting under authority of Con- 
 gress, the then President of the Republic, 
 Don Manuel Pardo, issued a new set of 
 regulations on public education, which are 
 still in force. Under Art. 279, these regu- 
 lations specified a term of only two years 
 for the study of dentistry, but this article 
 was subsequently amended by increasing 
 the time to three years. 
 
Strictly speaking, we have no dental 
 school in Peru with professional dentists 
 as professors, but simply dental students 
 who have matriculated in the School of 
 Medicine, and who, in order to study the 
 practice of that profession, have to do so 
 in the offices already established by surgeon 
 dentists who have received their diplomas 
 from the faculty. These students have to 
 
 present a certificate every year to the fac- 
 ulty, issued by the dentist with whom they 
 study, in order to be examined. 
 
 In order to correct this anomaly, a bill 
 has been presented in the National Con- 
 gress by the dean of the Faculty of Medi- 
 cine, which will provide for the foundation 
 of a school of dental practice with a staff 
 of competent professors. 
 
 ,^ 
 
 Png 
 
p\ 
 
 1— Santa Catalina Palace. Residence of the Governor of Porto Rico since 1822. Built in 1538 as 
 a castle ; transformed into a Government house in 1639 ; reconstructed in 1846. 2— College of Medicine 
 and Surgery in which the Philippine Dental College is provisionally quartered. 
 
The Philippine Islands 
 
 By Dr. Louis Ottoky 
 
 N the far-away Philippines 
 satisfactory progress is 
 being made. This year 
 especially is an important 
 epoch in the history of 
 dentistry in the Archipel- 
 
 J ago. 
 
 '■"'^'^'^^^^■^ — "^ ^ Last February a new 
 
 dental law was enacted, 
 repealing bad features of the old ; adding 
 at least one, entirely original in dental 
 legislation, which it would be well for our 
 States to copy. In the old law there was 
 a provision under which a local institution 
 granted titles of "Minor Surgeon" to stu- 
 dents who attended a course "of not less 
 than two years, and studied dentistry for 
 four months." While this clause was en- 
 acted twelve years ago with good inten- 
 tion, one can see at a glance that it is per- 
 nicious. These inexperienced men were 
 "limited to practice in remote towns where 
 there is no regularly qualified dentist avail- 
 able." There being only five such towns 
 in the islands, these men engaged in prac- 
 tice practically everywhere. More than 
 one hundred of this class were turned out 
 during the last eleven years. This clause 
 has been repealed ; hereafter no one can 
 enter practice unless he possesses a diploma 
 from a dental school and in addition passes 
 an examination before the Board. The 
 Board has also been given power to define 
 the reputability of dental colleges in order 
 to be recognized by it. 
 
 The new feature of the law is contained 
 in the section which relates to the revoca- 
 tion of licenses. It gives authority to the 
 Board to revoke licenses for the usual 
 causes, and in addition for the "-wilful 
 destruction or mutilation of a natural tootli 
 of a person zcith the deliberate purpose of 
 substituting the satne by an unnecessary or 
 unessential artificial tooth." With that 
 power conferred on the Board, it is hoped 
 to eradicate this reprehensible practice, 
 unfortunately introduced since American 
 occupation ; that is, the destruction of 
 
 "^^V 
 
 sound teeth for no other purpose than the 
 placing of gold crowns. 
 
 Last February, also, a dental school was 
 established by the University of the Phil- 
 ippines — an institution rapidly taking a 
 prominent place as a seat of learning. The 
 standard of education is of the highest. 
 Requirement for admission is a high school 
 diploma. The course of instruction covers 
 four years. The first course commenced 
 last June, simultaneously with the academic 
 year of the university. The medical school, 
 with which the dental school is connected, 
 is as thoroughly equipped a medical col- 
 lege as may be found anywhere. One of 
 our illustrations depicts this fine building, 
 while another indicates that our confreres 
 in the islands seem to be carrying the 
 white man's burden quite well. 
 
 By an act of the legislature there was 
 also created a "Dental Plygiene Commis- 
 sion." which is authorized by law to receive 
 public subscription to an amount not to 
 exceed $2,000. and with this money to open 
 free dental clinics in the public schools. 
 This money is being collected, and the clinic 
 has been installed in the public schools. It 
 is only the beginning of a great work, 
 thus making 1915 the banner dental year 
 in Philippine history. There are a number 
 of dental clinics in Manila, which are do- 
 ing much good. The p-edcral prison is 
 provided with a dental office for prisoners ; 
 several hospitals have dental clinics con- 
 nected with their infirmaries. More than 
 16,000 poor people have been treated in 
 these clinics during the past eleven years ; 
 over 42,000 operations were performed in 
 these clinics. 
 
 The Bureau of Health has purchased and 
 installed in its "Health Railroad Car" the 
 lecture on "Mouth Hygiene." illustrated 
 with thirty-six lantern slides, prepared by 
 our National Mouth Hygiene Association. 
 
 From these progressive activities we can 
 realize that the members of our profession 
 are doing nobly the uplift work for hu- 
 manity in our most distant possessions. 
 
 f 
 
 
3ity Hall, San Juan, P. R. 2 — Normal School Building, University of Porto Rico, Rio Piedras, 
 fe, P. R. 3— U. S. Federal Building, San Juan, P. R. 4— Memorial Hall, University of Porto Rico, Rio 
 Piedras, P. R. 
 
 if 
 
W^^'^^W. 
 
 Dental Association in Porto Rico 
 
 By Dr. Manuel V. del Valle 
 
 ORTO RICO is the most 
 westerly of the smaller 
 Antilles. It is situated in 
 the tropics between 17° 
 50' and 18° 30' north lati- 
 tude and 65° 30' and G7° 
 15' west longitude, Green- 
 wich meridian. Its posi- 
 tion on the map is east of 
 Santo Domingo. The island is almost rec- 
 tangular in shape, measuring about 100 
 miles in length and 36 in width. By com- 
 parison, it is about three-fourths the size 
 of Connecticut. It is traversed by a chain 
 of mountains, the highest being 3,609 feet 
 above sea level. The temperature varies 
 according to the locality. On the coast it 
 ranges between 78° and 82° Fahrenheit, 
 and in the mountains from 57° to 75°. 
 
 The island was discovered by Christo- 
 pher Columbus on his second voyage, No- 
 vember 16, 1493. It is at present divided 
 into seven districts. San Juan is the cap- 
 ital of the island and was founded by Juan 
 Ponce de Leon in 1511. It boasts, there- 
 fore, of being the oldest city in the United 
 States. 
 
 Porto Rico was under the Spanish rule 
 until October 18. 1898, when its sover- 
 eignty was transferred to the United States 
 by reason of the Spanish-American War. 
 
 The dental profession in Porto Rico 
 during the Spanish domination followed 
 the same fate as that in the mother country 
 — it was not regulated at all, and the pull- 
 ing of an offending tooth was entrusted to 
 the barbers. Not until 1875 was there any 
 legislation in favor of the dental profes- 
 sion. At that time the realm published a 
 decree prohibiting the practice of the pro- 
 fession except by those that had received 
 certain instruction at the university. But 
 the requirements were slight and the vio- 
 lation of this decree was not looked upon 
 as a great offense. 
 
 Upon the United States assuming con- 
 trol of the affairs of the island, the mili- 
 tary department detailed a medical officer 
 to examine the licenses already granted 
 and ordered the renewal thereof, but as 
 there was found a number of practitioners 
 who were doing dental work by tolerance, 
 those also were given a license to practice. 
 
 Afterwards the island was given, by act 
 of Congress, a civil government, and the 
 Insular Legislature passed an act organiz- 
 ing a Board of Dental Examiners, which 
 act became law March 9, 1905. Since that 
 time all candidates seeking permission to 
 practice dentistry in the Island of Porto 
 Rico are required to pass an examination 
 and must present to the Board a diploma 
 from a recognized school or college. No 
 other preliminary education is required. 
 
 There is an effort now being made to 
 modify the law, as there is great difficulty 
 in suppressing intruders who from previous 
 tolerance consider that it is no crime to 
 invade a profession for which they have 
 received no training. 
 
 The island now has a dental association 
 to which the majority of the ethical prac- 
 titioners belong and which is incorporated 
 with the National Dental Association of 
 the United States. To the efforts of the 
 Porto Rico Dental Association the profes- 
 sion will be indebted for any modification 
 of the present law, which will provide, 
 among other requirements, a certain stand- 
 ard of preliminary education. 
 
 There are as yet no institutions devoted 
 to the teaching of dentistry. The Univer- 
 sity of Porto Rico is now in the formative 
 period of organization, and so far has 
 established only the departments of phar- 
 macy and law, besides the normal school 
 course. It is the intention in the near 
 future to establish a department of den- 
 tistry. 
 
 -m 
 
Dentistry in Sweden 
 
 By Dr. Elof Forberg and Dr. Iwan L.^mby 
 
 E X T A L instruction in 
 Sweden is under supervi- 
 sion of the Government 
 and covers a period of 
 three years. Having 
 passed the last examina- 
 tion, the dentist gets his 
 Hcense for practice with- 
 out any further examina- 
 tion. In order to be entitled to enter the 
 university for studying dentistry, he has 
 to have the same preliminary examinations 
 as for studying medicine, viz., twelve years' 
 continuous study, beginning as a rule at 
 six years of age, leading to matriculation 
 examination. The dental curriculum is 
 divided into two parts, viz., one year's 
 general medical study and two years' spe- 
 cial dental study. The first year's course is 
 taken at the Royal Caroline Medico-Surgical 
 Institute (Kungliga Karohnska Medico- 
 Kirurgiska Institutet) and is finished with 
 an examination. The same professors are 
 instructors in the different subjects for the 
 dental students as for the medical students. 
 The subjects are: Anatomy, Histology 
 with Embryology, Pathology with Bacteri- 
 ology. Inorganic and Organic Chemistry 
 with Metallurgy, Pharmacy, Physiology. 
 
 The special dental instruction is given 
 in a special building, the Dental Institute 
 (Tandlakare Institutet), in the center of 
 the city. The subjects in the special two 
 years' course are General Surgery, Oral 
 Surgery with diagnoses and treatments of 
 all kinds of dental and oral diseases, Op- 
 erative Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry and 
 Orthodontia. The different parts of the 
 practical study are divided in such way 
 that every second day half of the students 
 have two hours of Oral Surgery and diag- 
 noses and five hours of Operative Den- 
 
 tistry; the other half. Prosthetic Dentistry 
 and Orthodontia. 
 
 There are only thirty new students ad- 
 mitted every year. Lady students are also 
 admitted. There generally are over one 
 hundred applicants. Those who have the 
 highest grades in the matriculation exami- 
 nation are admitted. 
 
 The national societies in Sweden are 
 two. They are organized in such a way 
 that one, the Swedish Dental Association 
 (Svenska Tandliikare-Sallskapet), has to 
 promote the odontological science and its 
 practical application; the other, the Dental 
 Federation of Sweden (Sveriges Tandla- 
 kare-Forbund), has to promote the den- 
 tists' social and economical interests. Both 
 societies have their seats at the capital. 
 Stockholm, but have members in the whole 
 of Sweden, and, in fact, nearly all Swedish 
 dentists are members. The Swedish Dental 
 Association has meetings bi-monthly. The 
 Dental Federation of Sweden, which is 
 subdivided into local societies, has only 
 one general meeting every year. Both 
 publish periodicals with four numbers 
 yearly. Swedish Dental Journal (Svensk 
 Tandlakare-Tidskrift) is the official organ 
 of the Swedish Dental Association and 
 contains scientific and practical contribu- 
 tions. The Journal of the Dental Federa- 
 tion of Sweden (Sveriges Tandlakare-For- 
 bunds Tidning) is the official organ of the 
 Federation and contains social and eco- 
 nomic contributions. The Swedish Dental 
 Association has a large library and a his- 
 torical museum in its own building; it also 
 has some endowments which provide for 
 assisting in scientific work and one for the 
 widows and orphans of deceased Swedish 
 dentists. 
 
Courtesy of Sunset Magazit 
 
 n the Wasatch range. It's but two hours, via the gasoline route, from the shores of the Salt Lake 1 
 :ial lakes of the mountains, snow-rimmed in August. To these uplifted lakes the pioneers trekked 
 in ox-wagona for their summer outings. Their descendants f!y to the cool crest 
 
IE Dental School of Sal- 
 vador was organized and 
 founded in December. 
 189!), and annexed to the 
 Medical Department of 
 the National I'niversity. 
 
 At the time, the Presi- 
 dent of the Republic was 
 General Tomas Regalado, 
 and the rector of the university. Doctor 
 Ricardo Moreira. 
 
 The first director of the Dental School 
 was Manuel U. Urreta, D. D. S. The suc- 
 cessive directors have been Doctors Oscar F. 
 Prey. Alejandro Cromeyer and Enrique 
 Gonzalez, S., who up to the present time is 
 at the head of the school. 
 
 At the beginning of the first session, 
 there were forty-one matriculates, of which 
 number fifteen obtained diplomas, and since 
 then an average of five students have been 
 
 graduated annually, most of whom are 
 practicing the profession in dififerent parts 
 of Salvador or Central America. 
 
 The course for the degree is three years. 
 
 The lecture hall and infirmary are situ- 
 ated in the medical school building, which 
 has but recently been completed and the 
 cornerstone of which was laid during the 
 presidency of Doctor Manuel E. Aran jo 
 two years ago. 
 
 The school is not self-supporting, as stu- 
 dents are not charged an annual tuition 
 fee, being required to pay only a matricu- 
 lation fee and final examination and di- 
 ploma fees. 
 
 The teaching corps is paid by the Gov- 
 ernment and equipments have been ac- 
 quired by charging a small percentage 
 above cost for all materials used in the 
 clinical work of students. 
 
 
 HI 
 
 
 
 
 J.-^-:.J^^ 
 
 Music Stand in the Golden Gate Park 
 
1 — Dental Office, Camp Tacoma. Washington. Xorthwest Maneuvers, August, 1906, U. S. A 
 2— Field Transportation of Dental Outfit, U. S. A. Ft. Sam Houston, Te.xas. Photographs courtesy 
 of Drs. Carpenter and Fairbanks. 
 
 '^m_ 
 
m 
 
 Nicasio Etchepareborda, Buenos Aires, 
 Chairman ; Rodolfo Erausquin, Antonio 
 J. Guardo, Diego Rogers, Juan B. Pa- 
 trone, Cirio Durante. 
 
 AUSTRALIA 
 New South Wales 
 
 Alfred Burne, Sydney, Chairman ; E. R. 
 Magnus, Donald Smith, H. R. Green- 
 well, Percy A. Ash. 
 
 Victoria 
 
 W. L. Aitken, Melbourne, Chairman ; T. 
 F. W. Hall, H. H. Ham, W. J. Tuck- 
 field, E. F. Greenwood. 
 
 Queensland 
 E. T. White, Brisbane, Chairman ; E. F. 
 Hughes, C. W. Hurworth, H. S. F. 
 Moran, P. M. Coughlin. 
 
 AUSTRIA 
 
 Rudolph Weiser, Vienna, Chairman ; Franz 
 Zeliska, Leo Fleischmann, Albin Oppen- 
 heim, Hans Pichler. 
 
 A. W. Thornton, Montreal, Quebec, Chair- 
 man ; A. E. Webster, Fred Mallory, L. 
 
 E. Stanley, J. H. Irvin. 
 
 Alberta and Saskatchewan 
 W. D. Cowan, Regina, Saskatchewan, 
 Chairman ; L. J. D. Fasken, E. L. Cam- 
 eron, E. M. Doyle, J. W. Clay. 
 
 New Brunswick 
 James M. Magee, St. John, Chairman; F. 
 W. Barbour, L. Somers, J. W. Moore, 
 
 F. A. Godsoe. 
 
 Quebec 
 Eudore Dubeau, Montreal, Chairman; J. 
 Nolin, J. S. Ibbotson, D. J. Berwick, A. 
 A. Lantier. 
 
 British Columbia 
 H. T. Minogue, Vancouver, Chairman; F. 
 P. Smith, E. H. Griffiths, J. Milton 
 Jones, W. B. Steed. 
 
 CHILE 
 
 Alexander Manhood, Santiago, Chairman; 
 Jerman Valenzuela, Arthur Sierra, Peter 
 Diaz, Louis Raveau. 
 
 BELGIUM 
 
 COLOMBIA 
 
 Edm. Rosenthal, Brussels, Chairman; G. Sebastian Carrasquilla, Bogota, Chairman; 
 Fay, O. Cerf, Mr. Quarterman, Mr. Numael Vasquez, Alejandro A. Salcedo, 
 
 Jeachim. Rafael Tamayo, Julio Moncada. 
 
 BRAZIL 
 
 Frederico Eyer, Rio de Janeiro, Chairman; 
 P. M. Paula Romas, Severino da Silva, 
 Gustavo Pires, Cirue Lima. 
 
 . ■ ■ CANADA 
 
 Prince Edward Island 
 C. H. Beer, Charlottetown, Chairman ; F. 
 E. Smallwood, J. H. Ayers, J. A. Mc- 
 Murdo, A. H. Smallwood. 
 
 Manitoba 
 Manly Bowles, Winnipeg, Chairrnan; M. 
 H. Garvin, J. H. Greenfield, G. F. Bush, 
 K. C. Campbell. 
 
 CUBA 
 
 Andres G. Weber, Havana', Chairman ; Bias 
 M. Rocafort, Marcelino A. Weiss, Man- 
 uel Diaz, Leandro J. Canlzares. 
 
 DENMARK 
 
 Carl Christensen, Copenhagen, Chairman; 
 V. Andresen, Chr. Hoist, H. Hallander, 
 H. Styrup. 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 W B. Patterson, London, W., Chairman; 
 J Howard Mummery, William Guy, 
 George G. Campion, Walter Harrison. 
 
 I 
 
 
 r;\W" 
 
 :^^ 
 
 'PM 
 
Foreign Committees 
 
 FINLAND 
 
 NEW ZEALAND 
 
 Theo. Weber, Helsing-fors, Chairman; S. 
 C. Bensow. P. Gadd. G. Siven, S. V. 
 Tigerstedt. 
 
 FRANCE 
 
 Charles Godon, Paris, Chairman ; Dr. Pont, 
 M. Roy, Dr. Blatter, G. Villain. 
 
 H. P. Pickerill, Dunedin, Chairman ; Messrs. 
 Hunter, Throp, Dodgshun and Barron. 
 
 PERU 
 
 S. R. Salazar, Lima, Chairman; Christian 
 Dam, Herman de Castro, D. S. de Cas- 
 tro, Ernesto Febres Odriozola. 
 
 GUATEMALA 
 
 Eduardo Caceres, Guatemala, C. A. Chair- 
 man ; Rafael Robles, J. M. Hamilton, J. 
 L. Asensio, F. S. Johnston. 
 
 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 
 
 Louis Ottofy, Manila, Chairman; A. P. 
 Preston, L. C. O'Donnell, T. P. Merchant, 
 G. R. Mateo. 
 
 HAWAII 
 
 PORTO RICO 
 
 J. M. Whitney, Honolulu, Chairman ; P. F. -^I^'^"^! V. del ValleFortaleza, Chairman 
 Frear, M. E. Grossman, A. J. Derby, {" ^^ C^'f'^uc, L. R. Noa, J. B. Ramirez, 
 
 O. E. Wall. 
 
 A. S. Sifre. 
 
 _^. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 HOLLAND 
 
 M. de Boer, Amsterdam, Chairman; A. L. 
 J. C. van Hasselt, P. J. J. Coebergh, G. 
 ^ W. van der Linde, M. J. F. Schutte. 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 A. W. W. Baker. Dublin. Chairman; 
 George M. P. Murray, G. Sheppard, 
 G. W. Yeates, K. E. O'Duffy. 
 
 SAN SALVADOR, CENTRAL 
 AMERICA 
 
 J. Schneider, Chairman; Juan F. Orozco, 
 D. Norris Richardson, J. G. Saravia, En- 
 rique Gonzalez. 
 
 SOUTH AFRICA 
 
 William D. Quinn, Johannesburg, Trans- 
 vaal, Chairman ; W. Trembuth, G. Friel, 
 Rupert Quinn, B. Goldstein. 
 
 ITALY 
 
 SWEDEN 
 
 Vincenzo Guerini, Naples, Chairman ; Ar- Elof Forberg, Villa Forberg, Djursholm, 
 rigo Piperno, Francesco Bergamini, Gio- Chairman ; Stan Hager, Twan Lamby, 
 
 vanni Solari, Vinzenzo Donate. Gotthard Dahlen, Hugo Hammarlund. 
 
 JAPAN 
 
 SPAIN 
 
 M. Chiwaki, Tokyo, Chairman ; Seimaro Florestan Aguilar, Madrid, Chairman ; 
 Shimura, Kazu Sato, Tsurukichi Oku- Manuel Valenzuela, Juan Carol, Do- 
 mura, Marezo Osaki. mingo Casasnovas, Juan Otaola. 
 
ral! 
 
 1 
 
 ARKANSAS 
 O. W. Huff, Hot Springs, Chairman ; E. L. 
 Watson, J. E. Andrews, E. W. Smith, 
 I. M. Sternberg. 
 
 ARIZOxNA 
 H. H. Wilson, Phoenix, Chairman; John A. 
 Lentz, J. Harvey Blain, W. P. Sims, 
 W. A. Baker. 
 
 COLORADO 
 Henry B. Hayden, Colorado Springs, Chair- 
 man ; H. A. Fynn, B. Frank Gray, Wm. 
 A. Brierley, George Y. Wilson. 
 CONNECTICUT 
 James McManus, Hartford. Chairman; 
 E. S. Gaylord, A. J. Cutting, W. O. 
 Beecher, B. A. Sears. 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 
 M. F. Finley, Washington, D. C, Chair- 
 man ; J. H. London, Thomas L. Rust, 
 George W. Boynton, H. J. Nichols. 
 FLORIDA 
 S. W. Allen, Tampa, Chairman; W. G. 
 Mason, J. E. Chace, F. E. Buck, W. S. 
 Hall. 
 
 GEORGIA 
 Frank Holland, Atlanta, Chairman; D. D. 
 Atkinson, S. W. Foster, C. M. Barnwell, 
 H. H. Johnson. 
 
 IDAHO 
 Albert A. Jessup, Boise, Chairman; R. J. 
 Cruse, Frank F. McAtee, Marshall Y. 
 Lucas, L. G. Phillips. 
 
 ILLINOIS 
 Arthur D. Black, Chicago, Chairman ; J. H. 
 Prothero, J. P. Buckley, W. F. Whalen, 
 A. E. Converse. 
 
 INDIANA 
 Edwin R. Kibler, Indianapolis, Chairman ; 
 Fred O. Henshaw, Carl D. Lucas, D. A. 
 House, Otto U. King. 
 IOWA 
 J. V. Conzett, Dubuque, Chairman; W. R. 
 Clack, R. H. Volland, William Finn, G. 
 W. Slingluff. 
 
 KANSAS 
 H. W. Fessenden, Ottawa, Chairman; 
 Frank O. Hetrick, C. E. Burgson, H. W. 
 Hodges, C. B. Osterhout. 
 KENTUCKY 
 McFerran Crow, Lexington, Chairman ; J. 
 H. Baldwin, I. B. Howell, Walter Math- 
 ews, Paul W. Prewitt. 
 
 LOUISIANA 
 C. V. Vignes, New Orleans, Chairman; 
 J. J. Sarrazin, Samuel H. McAfee, Fred- 
 erick Ratzburg, Oscar J. Ory. 
 MAINE 
 Henry A. Kelley, Portland, Chairman ; 
 Dana W. Fellows, Fred E. Maxfield, 
 William R. Bibber, Will S. Payson. 
 MARYLAND 
 B. Holly Smith, Baltimore, Chairman ; W. 
 G. Foster, H. E. Kelsey, C. J. Grieves, 
 George E. Hardy. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS 
 Waldo E. Boardman, Boston, Chairman ; 
 Frank T. Taylor, William F. Oilman, 
 Frederick O. Kidd, Murdoch C. Smith. 
 MICHIGAN 
 Charles H. Oakman, Detroit, Chairman ; 
 Robert C. Simmons, I^uis P. Hall, 
 Charles A. Burbridge, Edgar A. Honey. 
 MINNESOTA 
 Thomas B. Hartzell, Minneapolis, Chair- 
 man; Frank James, Forest H. Orton, 
 A. C. Fauc€tt, L. J. Sykora. 
 MISSISSIPPI 
 A. B. Kelly, Yazoo City, Chairman ; W. R. 
 Wright, J. F. Brunson, H. D. Chipps, 
 R. K. Luckie. 
 
 MISSOURI 
 Burton Lee Thorpe, St. Louis, Chairman ; 
 T. D. Patterson, Charles Channing Allen, 
 J. P. Marshall, V. R. McCue. 
 MONTANA 
 T. M. Hampton, Helena, Chairman ; T. T. 
 Rider, G. E. Longway, C. H. Head, G. A. 
 Chevigny. 
 
 NEBRASKA 
 E. H. Bruening. Omaha. Chairman ; A. O. 
 Hunt, S. A. Allen, O. H. Cressler, H. A. 
 Shannon. 
 
I 
 
 NEVADA 
 
 D. W. Rulison, Reno, Chairman ; William 
 H. Cavell, W. S. Park, Carlton E. 
 Rhodes, Helen M. Rulison. 
 
 NEW MEXICO 
 
 E. J. Alger, Albuquerque, Chairman ; M. J. 
 Moran, C. M. Stanfill, W. D. Cornell, 
 C. A. Eller. 
 
 NEW JERSEY 
 William I. Thompson, Asbury Park, Chair- 
 man ; Wallace F. Naylor, William H. 
 Gelston, Charles F. Jones, Joseph Kussy. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 S. W. Van Saun, New York City, Chair- 
 man ; L. A. Timerman, B. S. Hert, Leu- 
 man M. Waugh, W. G. Lewis. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA 
 J. S. Spurgeon, Hillsboro, Chairman; 
 Charles L. Alexander, F. L. Hunt, D. L. 
 James, J. Martin Fleming. 
 
 NORTH DAKOTA 
 Tom Smith, Langdon. Chairman ; L. L. 
 Eckman, A. A. Hardaway, R. S. Towne, 
 Fred Rose. 
 
 OHIO 
 
 L. L. Barber, Toledo, Chairman ; Weston A. 
 Price, Homer C. Brown, J. R. Callahan, 
 L. E. Custer. 
 
 OKLAHOMA 
 , B. L. Shobe, Tulsa, Chairman ; A. L. Wal- 
 ters, L. G. Mitchell, C. R. Laurence, J. E. 
 Wright. 
 
 OREGON 
 Arthur W. Chance, Portland, Chairman ; 
 J. A. Harper, M. S. Kern, M. C. Hol- 
 brook, C. M. Harrison. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 William A. Capon, Philadelphia, Chairman ; 
 Walter H. Fundenberg, George S. Schle- 
 gel, Daniel B. Williams, Victor S. Jones. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA 
 E. G. Quattlebaum, Columbia, Chairman; 
 Brooks Rutledge, Louis P. Dotterer, J. R. 
 Rogers, J. P. McCreery. 
 
 SOUTH DAKOTA 
 F. H. Weiland, Redfield, Chairman ; A. L. 
 Revell, Robert Jasman, G. R. Laning. 
 M. R. Hopkins. 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 Charles M. Benbrook, Los Angeles. Chair- 
 man ; W. H. Spinks, L. E. Ford, James 
 David McCoy, M. M. Dixon. 
 
 TENNESSEE 
 A. R. Melendy, Knoxville, Chairman; F. 
 W. Meacham, C. H. Taylor, J. T. Mead- 
 ors, John R. Beach. 
 
 TEXAS 
 J. W. David. Corsicana. Chairman; J. G. 
 Fife, W. H. Scherer, Bush Jones, C. M. 
 AlcCauley. 
 
 UTAH 
 George F. Stiehl, Salt Lake City, Chairman ; 
 A. C. Wherry, I. P. Stewart, W. G. Dal- 
 rymple, H. W. Davis. 
 
 VERMONT 
 Thomas Mound, Rutland, Chairman ; Fred 
 H. Brown, G. E. Patridge, Fred R. New- 
 ell, J. A. Pearsons. 
 
 VIRGINIA 
 H. Wood Campbell, Suffolk, Chairman ; W. 
 M. Sturgis, R. L. Simpson, J. P. Stiff, 
 
 E. P. Beadles. 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 George T. Williams, Seattle, Chairman ; 
 
 F. I. Shaw. W. G. Alexander, R. A. 
 Munro, F. G. Titus. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA 
 Frank L. Wright. Wheeling, Chairman ; 
 W. J. Boydston, D. C. Clark, L. George 
 Beerbower, H. H. Smallridge. 
 
 WISCONSIN 
 Henry L. Banzhaf, Milwaukee, Chairman ; 
 William H. Mueller. T. A. Hardgrove, 
 V. V. Mason, W. T. Hardy. 
 
 WYOMING 
 William Frackelton, Sheridan, Chairman ; 
 E. O. Cain, W. C. Cunnington. 
 
 ALASKA 
 T. H. White, Sitka, Chairman. 
 
 ^T^ 
 
officers of the Section 
 
 5"ection I 
 
 Anatomy, Physiology and Histology 
 
 I. Norman Broomell, Chairman, 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 W. H. G. Logan, Vice-Chairman, 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Malcolm Goddard, Secretary. 
 
 San Francisco, Gal. 
 
 Section II 
 
 Etiology. Radiography, Pathology and Bac- 
 teriology 
 
 Frederick Bogue Noyes, Chairman, 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 R. H. Hofheinz, Vicc-Chairman, 
 
 Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 W. H. Renwick, Secretary, 
 
 Sacramento, Gal. 
 
 Section III 
 Chemistry and Metallurgy 
 
 M. L. Ward, Chairman, 
 
 Ann Arbor, Michigan. 
 
 Henry H. Boo.m, Vice-Chairman, 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 H. A. TucKEY, Secretary, 
 
 San Francisco, Gal. 
 
 Section IV 
 Oral Hygiene and Prophylaxis 
 
 Herbert L. Wheeler, Chairman, 
 
 New York City, N. Y. 
 
 W. W. Belcher, Vice-Chairman, 
 
 Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Robert W. Hall, Secretary, 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Section V 
 
 Materia Medica and Therapeutics 
 
 J. P. Buckley, Chairman, 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Gari. D. Lucas, Vice-Chairman, 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Frank G. Pearn, Secretary, 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Truman W. Brophy, Chairman, 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Adolph Bernhart Baer, Vice-Chairman, 
 
 San Francisco, Gal. 
 
 E. S. Barnes, Secretary, 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Section VII 
 Orthodontia 
 
 J. Lowe Young, Chairman, 
 
 New York City, N. Y. 
 
 Robert Dunn, Vice-Chairman, 
 
 Oakland, Gal. 
 
 James David McCoy, Secretary, 
 
 Los Angeles, Gal. 
 
 Section VIII 
 Operative Dentistry 
 
 John Sayre Marshall, Chairman, 
 
 Berkeley, Gal. 
 
 H. E. Friesell, Vice-Chairman, 
 
 Pittsburg. Pa. 
 
 E. A. Tripp. Secretary, 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Section IX 
 Prosthesis 
 
 Ellison Hillyer, Chairman, 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 F. W. Hergert, Vice-Chairman, 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 C. O. Edwards, Secretary, 
 
 Oakland, Gal. 
 
 Section X 
 
 Education, Nomenclature, Literature, 
 History, Legislation 
 
 G. N. Johnson, Chairman, 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Homer C. Brown, Vice-Chairman, 
 
 Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Henry G. Fixott, Secretary, 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 ¥^F=^r!^ 
 
San Francisco Views: 1 — Postoffice. 2 — Drying nets at Fisherman's Wharf. 3— United States 
 Mint. 
 
Membership and Rules 
 
 n' 
 
 ^\ 
 
 i]\^. 
 
 Qualifications for Membership 
 State and National Executive Committees 
 are empowered to receive applications for 
 membership from none but legal and repu- 
 table practitioners of Dentistry, who are 
 personally known to be such, vouched for 
 by an officer of the principal dental society 
 of their locality, or by some other known 
 reputable and legal practitioner. Each ap- 
 plication must be signed by a member of a 
 State or National Executive Committee. 
 
 Fees: Members and Visitors 
 
 Membership fee is ten dollars. 
 
 Msitors to the Congress are not eligible 
 for membership. 
 
 Members may introduce members of 
 their families as visitors to the Congress 
 upon payment of a fee of $2.50. 
 
 The membership fee includes admission 
 to all the general sessions and Section meet- 
 ings of the Congress, a copy of the official 
 program and the complete printed trans- 
 actions of the Congress when issued. 
 
 Parliamentary Rules 
 "Roberts' Rules of Order," a copy of 
 which may be obtained from the Secretary, 
 is the authority for deciding all parliamen- 
 tary questions arising in general sessions 
 or Section meetings of the Congress. 
 
 Rules Governing Officers of Sections, 
 .\nd State and Natioxat. Executive 
 
 Committees 
 Rules governing the Officers of Sections 
 and Chairmen and Members of State and 
 National Executive Committees of the Pan- 
 ama-Pacific Dental Congress, to be held in 
 San Francisco, California, August :30 to 
 September 9, 191.5. 
 
 Rule I 
 The Officers of each Section shall con- 
 stitute the Board of Censors for that Sec- 
 tion. 
 
 Rule II 
 The Officers of each Section shall co- 
 operate with State and National Executive 
 Committees in securing Papers and Clinics 
 
 for the Program of the Congress, and also 
 with the Program and Clinic Committees. 
 
 Rule III 
 The Officers of each Section and the 
 Chairmen and Members of State and Na- 
 tional Executive Committees are empow- 
 ered to solicit and receive from legal and 
 reputable practitioners of Dentistry and 
 Medicine, and persons proficient in the Al- 
 lied Sciences, Papers and Clinics on subjects 
 of interest to the Congress, it being under- 
 stood that each Essayist or Clinician is an 
 authority on, or particularly well qualified 
 to deal with, the subject presented. 
 
 Rule IV 
 The Chairman of each Section is invited 
 to deliver an address before his Section, not 
 to exceed twenty minutes in length ; this ad- 
 dress to constitute one of the Papers of 
 that Section. 
 
 Rule V 
 The aggregate number of Papers ac- 
 cepted shall not exceed ten for each Sec- 
 tion, and not more than two-fifths of those 
 accepted may be read by title. 
 
 Rule VI 
 Papers may be read and discussed before 
 tile Congress in any language, but copies of 
 all Papers, or Summaries of Papers, and 
 Discussions, typewritten in the English lan- 
 guage, ready for printing, must reach the 
 Program Committee in San Francisco not 
 later than May 1, 1915. 
 
 Rule VII 
 
 Each Paper and Discussion will be printed 
 in full in the published transactions of the 
 Congress, but a maximum of twenty min- 
 utes only will be allowed for the reading of 
 a Paper, or a summary of it, embracing its 
 leading points, in case the reading of the 
 original would occupy more than the allot- 
 ted time, and five minutes for each speaker 
 taking part in the discussion ; not more than 
 fifteen minutes will be allowed for the dis- 
 cussion of any paper, and the author will 
 be allowed five minutes in closing the dis- 
 cussion. 
 
 The author of each Paper is requested to 
 furnish the Secretary of the Section to 
 
m 
 
 which his Paper belongs with the names 
 and addresses of those who will discuss his 
 paper. 
 
 Rule VJII 
 No Clinic will be given a place on the 
 Program of the Congress unless a concise 
 description of it, typewritten in the Eng- 
 lish language, ready for printing, reaches 
 the Clinic Committee in San Francisco on 
 or before May 1, 1915. 
 
 Rule IX 
 State and National Executive Commit- 
 tees are governed by the rules governing 
 the Officers of Sections, so far as they ap- 
 ply. Note particularly Rules II, III, V, 
 VI, VII and VIII; also 
 
 Rule X 
 Each contribution to the Program, either 
 Paper or Clinic, shall be sent promptly to 
 the Chairman of the Section to which its 
 title indicates it to belong. In case of doubt, 
 it shall be sent to the office of the Commit- 
 tee of Organization in San Francisco, this 
 Committee determining its place on the 
 Program. 
 
 Rule XI 
 
 In the event of any controversy arising 
 between Contributors and the Officers of 
 any Section, the question at issue shall, at 
 the discretion of the Officers of the Section, 
 be submitted to the Committee of Organi- 
 zation for final adjustment. 
 
 
 
 State Capitol, Sacramento 
 
Synopsis of General Program 
 
 Monday, August 30, 1915 
 
 9:00 a. m. — Registration of Members. 
 (Registration booths under balcony, first 
 or main floor.) A certificate of mem- 
 bership will be issued by the General 
 Secretary. Upon presentation of this 
 certificate at the office of the Program 
 Committee, a copy of the Official Pro- 
 gram will be given the member. 
 
 9:30 a. m. — Meeting of the Psi Omega 
 Dental Fraternity, National Alumni. 
 
 10:00 a. m. — Meeting of the National As- 
 sociation of Dental Examiners. 
 
 10:00 a. m. — Meeting of the American So- 
 ciety of Orthodontists. 
 
 12:00 m. to 1 
 luncheon. 
 
 p. m. — Interval for 
 
 I 1 :30 p. m. — Opening of the Panama-Pacific 
 Dental Congress (main floor, west side). 
 
 Music. 
 
 Address^as. A. Barr, Director of Con- 
 gresses. 
 
 Address — Hiram VV. Johnson, Governor of 
 California. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Address — James Rolph, Jr., Mayor of San 
 Francisco. 
 
 -Chas. C. Moore, President of 
 P. I. Exposition. 
 
 Burton Lee Thorpe, St. Louis, 
 
 Address- 
 the P. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Address : 
 Mo. 
 
 Address — Donald M. Gallic, President Na- 
 tional Dental Association. 
 
 Address — Truman W. Brophy, President 
 Federation Dentaire Internationale. 
 
 Address — Frank L. Piatt, President Pan- 
 ama-Pacific Dental Congress. 
 
 Addresses by Foreign Delegates (in alpha- 
 betical order of the names of the country 
 they represent). 
 
 ] :30 p. m. — General Reception to Delegates, 
 Psi Omega Fraternity. Auditorium. 
 
 2:00 p. m. — Opening Exercises, First An- 
 nual Convention, National Alumni Chap- 
 ter, Psi Omega Dental Fraternity. Au- 
 ditorium. 
 
 5 :00 to 8 :00 p. m.— Interval for dinner. 
 
 8 :00 p. m. — Informal Reception to Mem- 
 bers and Ladies. (At the California Host 
 Building, Panama-Pacific International 
 Exposition.) Music, dancing. 
 
 Tuesday, August 31, 1915 
 
 9 :00 a. m. — Reading of papers. See Daily 
 Bulletin for details and subjects. See 
 this program, pages 91, 109, 113, for sec- 
 tions, subjects, authors, etc. 
 
 10:00 a. m. — Meeting of the National As- 
 sociation of Dental Examiners. 
 
 12 :00 to 1 :30 p. m.— Interval for luncheon. 
 
 1:30 p. m. — Clinics; fourth floor. See 
 
 Daily Bulletin for subjects and details. 
 
 See this program, page 117, for general 
 
 announcement of cHnics, etc. 
 :00 to 7 :30 p. m. — Interval for dinner. 
 :30 p. m. — Moonlight Excursion on the 
 
 Bay. Limited to 250. Make reservations 
 
 at Entertainment Booth before 5 p. m. 
 
 Monday, August 30th. Fare, 50c. Leave 
 
 Crowley's Wharf, Mission Street. 
 
Synopsis of General Program 
 Wednesday, September 1, 1915 
 
 9 rOO a. m. — Reading of Papers — continued. 
 
 10:00 a. m. — Meeting of the Delta Sigma 
 Delta Dental Fraternity. 
 
 10:00 a. m.— Meeting of the Scientific 
 Foundation and Research Commission 
 of the National Dental Association. (See 
 this program, page 83, for details.) 
 
 10:00 a. m. — Trip to Battleships in Bay. 
 Giving a close and intimate view of the 
 battleships at anchor in San Francisco 
 Bay. Landing passengers at the yacht 
 harbor at Exposition before noon. Make 
 
 reservations at Entertainment Booth be- 
 fore 5 p. m. on Tuesday, August 31st. 
 Parties limited to 250. Fare, $1.00. 
 Leave Crowley's Wharf, Mission Street. 
 
 12:00 m. to 1:30 p. m.— Interval for 
 luncheon. 
 
 1 :30 p. m. — Clinics — continued. 
 
 2:00 p. m. — Meeting of National Dental 
 Association House of Delegates. 
 
 7:00 p. m. — Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity 
 Annual Banquet, St. Francis Hotel. 
 
 Thursday, September 2, 1915 
 
 U 
 
 9 :00 a. m. — Reading of Papers — continued. 
 
 9 :30 a. m. — Meeting of the Southern Cali- 
 fornia Dental Society. 
 10:00 a. m. — Meeting of the Scientific 
 Foundation and Research Commission of 
 the National Dental Association — con- 
 tinued.. 
 9 :15 a. m. — Trip to Mt. Tamalpais and 
 Muir Woods. 
 
 Mt. Tamalpais has the grandest mountain 
 railway on earth. 
 
 The world affords no more alluring or 
 entertaining trip than that to the summit of 
 Mt. Tamalpais and the mighty Redwoods 
 of the Muir Woods. The outlook from 
 the Tavern at the summit is one of in- 
 describable splendor, giving an unobstruct- 
 ed view of the entire bay region, the great 
 mountain ranges and the broad Pacific, the 
 Golden Gate, San Francisco and the Expo- 
 sition buildings. 
 
 Take the Sausalito Ferry from Union 
 Ferry Depot, foot of Market Street, and 
 go to the summit of Mt. Tamalpais. via 
 the Mill Valley and Mt. Tamalpais Scenic 
 Railroad. A sail on San Francisco Bay, a 
 ride on "The Crookedest Railroad in the 
 World," a continuous, ever-changing pano- 
 rama of mountains, valleys, ocean, bays, 
 
 cities and towns, as you gradually ascend 
 to a height of half a mile above the sur- 
 rounding country. You see more from Mt. 
 Tamalpais than from any other mountain 
 peak in the world ; on a clear day the snow- 
 capped Sierra Nevada Mountains, 155 miles 
 distant, can be plainly seen, and Mt. Shasta, 
 rising nearly three miles high and 300 
 miles away, can be discerned. The Mt. 
 Tamalpais trip gives one the best idea of 
 locations in California. 
 
 Round trip to either, $1.90. Round trip 
 to both, $2.90. 
 
 Boat leaves San Francisco, foot of Mar- 
 ket Street: 9:15, 10:45, 11:45. All-day 
 trip. Lunch at Tavern, 75c. 
 
 No reservations necessary. Tickets on 
 sale at ferry. 
 
 12 :00 m. to 
 luncheon. 
 
 1:30 p. 
 
 -Interval for 
 
 1 :30 p. m.— Clinics — continued. 
 
 2 :00 p. m. — Meeting of the Federation 
 Dentaire Internationale. 
 
 2 :00 p. m. — Meeting of the National Den- 
 tal Association, House of Delegates. 
 
 8 :00 p. m. — Special Events at the Exposi- 
 tion. (See daily papers for program.) 
 
IWP^^^: 
 
 '^m^K- 
 
 "3Bcnrs: 
 
 Synopsis of General Program 
 
 Friday, September 3, 1915 
 
 9 :00 a. m. — Reading of Papers — continued. 
 
 11:00 a. m. — Six-hour trip, including lunch 
 at Peninsula Hotel at San Mateo. Lim- 
 ited to 850. Make reservations at En- 
 tertainment Booth before 5 p. m. Thurs- 
 day, September 2d. Total cost, $3.00. 
 
 12 :00 m. to 1 :30 p. m.— Interval for 
 luncheon. 
 
 1 :30 p. m. — Clinics — continued. 
 
 2 :00 p. m. — Meeting of the Federation 
 Dentaire Internationale. 
 
 6:00 p. m.— Psi Omega Dinner at Old 
 Faithful Inn, Exposition Grounds. 
 
 7:30 p. m. — Moonlight Excursion on the 
 Bay. Parties limited to 250. Make res- 
 ervations at Entertainment Booth before 
 5 p. m. Thursday, September 2d. Leave 
 Crowley's Wharf, Mission Street. Fare, 
 50c. 
 
 9 :00 p. m.— Informal Dance, Ballroom, Cal- 
 ifornia Building, Exposition Grounds. 
 
 Saturday, September 4, 1915 
 
 9 :00 a. m. — Reading of Papers — continued. 
 
 10 :00 a. m. — Ocean Shore Scenic Trip. 
 A fifty-mile trip. Train leaves depot at 
 Twelfth and Mission Streets at 10 a. m., 
 arriving at Moss Beach at 11 :30 a. m., 
 where a fine shore dinner will be served. 
 Dancing, swimming, etc. Returning, 
 leave Moss Meach at 3 :o5 p. m., arriv- 
 ing in San Francisco at 5 :30 p. m. Lim- 
 ited number. Fare $1.00. Dinner, 75c. 
 
 12:00 m. to 1:30 p. 
 luncheon. 
 
 -Interval for 
 
 1 :30 p. m. — Clinics — continued. 
 
 2:30 p. m. — Psi Omega Special Entertain- 
 ment Feature (excursion). All Psi Ome- 
 gans invited. Register for this trip at the 
 Panama-Pacific Psi Omega Club. Head- 
 quarters at the Auditorium. 
 
 8:00 p. m. — Entertainment for the Men of 
 the Congress, at the quarters of the 
 Olympic Club. Of unusual interest. Ad- 
 mission strictly by card, issued by the 
 Entertainment Committee. Make reser- 
 vations before 5 p. m. Friday, September 
 3d. No expense. 
 
 r V, 
 
 Sunday, September 5, 1915 
 
 9:00 to 11:00 a. m. — Swimming at Sutro 
 Baths. The largest indoor salt-water 
 tank in the world. Bathing suits can be 
 had at baths for nominal sum. 
 12:00 m. — Alameda County Day. 
 
 Guests will leave San Francisco by 18 
 o'clock Key Route boat, under escort of 
 the Entertainment Committee, for the Hotel 
 Oakland, where automobiles will be in 
 waiting for a drive around beautiful Lake 
 Merritt, through Lakeshore Park and over 
 the hills surrounding the lake, to the Foot- 
 hill Boulevard. The exclusive residence 
 district of Oakland and the setting of its 
 beautiful homes ; thence to Berkeley via the 
 Scenic Boulevard, to the Greek Theater 
 
 and the campus of the University of Cali- 
 fornia and other points of interest in Berke- 
 ley, after which the return to Oakland via 
 a different route, visiting points of interest 
 in Oakland. A dinner will be served at 
 Hotel Oakland at 5 o'clock, before return- 
 ing to San Francisco. 
 
 Make reservation at Entertainment 
 Booth. Reservations close at 5 p. m. on 
 September 4th. Limited to 500. Dinner 
 expense only. 
 
 (Above program tentative. See daily bul- 
 letin for details.) 
 
 8:00 p. m. — Spectacular Pyrotechnic Dis- 
 play at the Exposition. 
 
 r 
 
 '■ 55r— ^i 
 
 "^rr 
 
9 :45 a. m. — Mare Island Xavy Yard Ex- 
 cursion. 
 
 Beautiful Bay trip and visit to Mare 
 Island, where the special privilege has been 
 offered our guests to inspect U. S. Govern- 
 ment Navy Yard. 
 
 The trip up the Bay offers many fea- 
 tures of interest, especially Alcatraz Island 
 (Government prison), Angel Island (the 
 quarantine station), Richmond with its 
 huge oil refineries. Pinole Powder Works, 
 Breakwater and Lighthouses, and many 
 picturesque islands through the course. 
 
 Trip in charge of Entertainment Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 Limited to 250. Expense, $1.00. Make 
 reservations at booth of Entertainment 
 Committee before 5 p. m. Saturday, Sep- 
 tember 4th. 
 
 Panama-Pacific Congress Day at the Ex- 
 position. 
 
 12:00 m. to 1:30 p. m.— Interval for 
 luncheon. 
 
 :iliri/ 
 
 1:;50 
 
 -Clinics — continued. 
 
 TUESD.A.Y, September 7, 1915 
 
 9:00 a. m. — Reading of Papers — continued. 
 10 :00 a. m. — Meeting of Salt Lake County 
 
 Dental Society. 
 12:00 m. to 1:30 p. m.— Interval for 
 
 luncheon. 
 1 :30 p. m. — Clinics — continued. 
 
 7:30 p. m.— Moonlight Excursion on the 
 Bay. Parties limited to 250. Make res- 
 ervations at Entertainment Booth before 
 5 p. m. Monday, September 6th. Leave 
 Crowley's Wharf, Mission Street. Fare, 
 50c. 
 
 Wednesday, September 8, 1915 
 
 9 :00 a. m. — Reading of Papers — continued. 
 
 10:00 a. m. — Trip to Battleships in Bay. 
 Giving a close and intimate view of the 
 battleships at anchor in San Francisco 
 Bay, landing passengers at the yacht har- 
 bor at Exposition before noon. Make 
 reservations at Entertainment Booth be- 
 fore 5 p. m. Tuesday, September 7th. 
 
 Leave Crowley's Wharf, Mission Street. 
 Parties limited to 250. Fare, 50c. 
 
 12:00 m. to 
 luncheon. 
 
 1:30 p. m.— Interval for 
 
 1 :30 p. m. — Clinics — continued. 
 8:00 p. m. — Special Features at the Expo- 
 sition. (See daily papers for program.) 
 
 SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT 
 
 During the entire session of the Con- 
 gress, there will be displayed on the main 
 floor, east side, various educational, scien- 
 tific and other exhibits, including a detail 
 from the Department of the United States 
 Army and Navy Dental Corps. 
 
 See this program, page 89, for particu- 
 lars. 
 
M 
 
 Congress Announcements 
 
 The Daily Bulletin will be issued each 
 day from the office of the Program Com- 
 mittee. It will give in detail the program 
 for that day, the names of members who 
 have registered, and other necessary infor- 
 mation not in the Official Program. 
 
 The telephone number of the Auditorium 
 is Market 871. Telephone service to all 
 floors and departments. 
 
 The Registration Booth will be on the 
 main floor near entrance. 
 
 Lost and found articles may be regis- 
 tered at the Registration Booth, windows 
 No. 1 and No. 2. 
 
 There will be a Bulletin Board on the 
 main floor where special notices will be 
 posted that may not be in the Daily Bul- 
 letin or the Official Program. 
 
 The office of the Congress will be on 
 the 3rd floor. It will be open all day during 
 the sessions and an assistant secretary will 
 be in charge in the absence of the secretary. 
 
 Applications for membership, registra- 
 tion, programs, reservations for sightseeing 
 trips and excursions, etc., should be made 
 as early as possible. 
 
 Notices for the Daily Bulletin must be 
 reported to the office of the Program Com- 
 mittee before 5 p. m. for insertion the fol- 
 lowing day. 
 
 A stenographer and typewriter will be at 
 the service of members, at the usual rates. 
 
 Reservation has been made in the parlors 
 of the California Building at the Exposi- 
 tion for our Ladies' Committee to receive 
 and entertain informally all our guests. 
 Cards of admission will be presented to 
 each lady. 
 
 R.MLROAD Ticket Validation 
 Announcement 
 The points for validation of tickets are 
 the: 
 Southern Pacific Ticket Offices at the Ferry 
 
 Building; 
 In the Palace Hotel ; 
 884 Market Street ; 
 
 Southern Pacific Building at the Exposi- 
 tion Grounds — all in San Francisco, and 
 The xMole ; 
 
 Sixteenth Street Station ; 
 Thirteenth and Broadway — all in Oakland. 
 Owing to the volume of travel at this 
 time, it is advised that sleeping car reser- 
 vations for return trip be made as soon as 
 the date of return is decided upon. Sleep- 
 ing car reservations can be made at any of 
 the above ticket offices. Validation of tick- 
 ets must be made on the date of return. 
 
 The Information Bureau will be at win- 
 dows Nos. 1 and 2 of the Registration 
 Booth. 
 
 The Postoffice. where general postoffice 
 business may be transacted, will be at the 
 end of the Registration Booth. 
 
 Those cherries fairly do enclose 
 
 Of Orient pearls a double row. 
 Which, when her lovely laughter shows. 
 
 They look like rosebuds fill'd with snow. 
 — Richard Allison. 
 
':;/t '>.:Vj\\j 
 
List of Societies and their Officers which will meet with the 
 Panama-Pacific Dental Congress 
 
 ^/\Vi 
 
 lU 
 
 International Dental Federation 
 (F. D. I.) 
 
 Honorary President, W. B. Patterson, 
 London, England. 
 
 President, Truman W. Brophy, Chicago, 
 111 
 
 Vice-Presidents: Harvey J. Burkhart, Ba- 
 tavia, N. Y.; F. Schaeflfer-Stuckert, 
 Frankfort-on-Main ; M. Roy, Paris, 
 France; W. Guy, Edinburgh; Rudolph 
 Weiser, Vienna, Austria; Vincenzo Gue- 
 rini, Naples, Italy; J. Howard Mum- 
 mery, London, England; N. Etchepara- 
 borda, Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Ernst 
 Jessen, Strassburg. 
 
 Secretary-General, Florestan Aguilar. Ma- 
 drid, Spain. 
 
 Assistant Secretaries: Burton Lee Thorpe, 
 St. Louis, Mo. ; C. Van der Hoeven, The 
 Hague, Holland ; G. Villain, Paris, 
 France; B. Landete, Madrid, Spain. 
 
 Treasurer, Edmond Rosenthal, Brussels, 
 Belgium. 
 
 National Dental Association 
 
 President, Donald Mackay Gallic, Chicago, 
 111. 
 
 First Vice-President, Edward G. Link, Ro- 
 chester, N. Y. 
 
 Second Vice-President, L. P. Dotterer, 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Third Vice-President, T. E. Turner, St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 General Secretary, Otto L^. King, Hunting- 
 ton, Ind. 
 
 Treasurer, H. B. McFadden, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. 
 
 Southern California Dental 
 Association 
 
 President, G. ^Maurice Crow, Los Angeles, 
 Cal. 
 
 First Vice-President, Wellslake D. ^lorse, 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Second Vice-President, G. C. Burbank, 
 Long Beach, Cal. 
 
 Secretary, W. E. Sibley, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Treasurer, C. J. R. Engstrom, Los An- 
 geles, Cal. 
 
 Editor, John R. McCoy, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity 
 
 Supreme Grand Master, Burton Lee 
 
 Thorpe, St. Louis, Mo. 
 Supreme Worthy Master, D. M. Gallic, 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Supreme Scribe, R. Hamill D. Swing, 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Supreme Treasurer, D. C. Bacon, Chicago, 
 
 111. 
 Supreme Historian, Frederick C. Kemple, 
 
 New York City. 
 Past Supreme Grand Master, W. D. Tracy, 
 
 New York City. 
 
 Utah State Dental Society 
 
 President, A. C. Wherry, Salt Lake City, 
 
 Utah. 
 Vice-President, Harry J. Davis, Salt Lake 
 
 City, Utah. 
 Vice-President, D. N. White, Ogden, Utah. 
 Secretary-Treasurer, Earl C. Fairweather, 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Supre.me Chapter Xi Psi Phi 
 Fraternity 
 
 California State Dental Association 
 
 President, C. E. Post, San Francisco, Cal. Supreme President, H. Acton Roan, Min- 
 
 Vice-President, Lewis T. Corwin, Oakland, neapolis, Minn. 
 
 Secretary and Editor, E. E. Evans, Oak- Supreme Secretary-Treasurer, C. C. Mar- 
 land, Cal. key. 
 
 Treasurer, Fred J. Seiferd, San Francisco, Supreme Editor. C. L. Storms. Buffalo 
 
 Cal. N. Y. 
 
 m 
 
 s 
 
George T. Williams, Seattle, Wash. 
 *George E. Hunt, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 W. T. Farrar, Louisville, Ky. 
 Percy Williams, Rutland, Vt. 
 Samuel H. McAfee, New Orleans, La. 
 Edward C. Kirk, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 William Carr, New York, N. Y. 
 Truman W. Brophy, Chicago, 111. 
 Greene V. Black, Chicago, 111. 
 Homer C. Brown, Columbus, O. 
 Thomas B. Hartzell, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Arthur R. Melendy, Knoxville, Tenn. 
 Edward S. Gaylord, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Clarence J. Grieves, Secretary-Treasurer, 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 John V. Conzett, Dubuque, Iowa. 
 Eugene R. Warner, Denver, Colo. 
 
 Henry C. Ferris, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Charles Channing Allen, Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Frank O. Hetrick, Ottawa, Kan. 
 
 Marcus L. Ward, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 Frank L. Piatt. San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Chris S. Van Horn, Bloomsburg, Pa. 
 
 Roscoe H. Volland, Iowa City, Iowa. 
 
 Donald M. Gallic, President National Den- 
 tal Assn. (ex-officio member), Chicago, 
 111. 
 
 Otto U. King, Secretary National Dental 
 Assn. (ex-officio member), Huntington, 
 Ind. 
 
 The Scientific Foundation and Research 
 Commission of the National Dental Asso- 
 ciation is organized for conducting ex- 
 haustive studies on various dental problems. 
 It is supported chiefly by voluntary contri- 
 butions from the dental profession. 
 Synopsis Reports of the Work Done in 
 
 Various Departments of Research. 
 "Special Researches in Mouth Infections" 
 —by Thomas B. Hartzell, M. D., D. D. S., 
 assisted by Harold J. Leonard, D. D. S., 
 Arthur Henrici, M. D., and Miss Ruby 
 White, in the University of Minnesota. 
 "The Dental Pulp and the Peridental Mem- 
 brane" — by Frederick B. Noyes, B. S., 
 D. D. S., in the University of Illinois. 
 
 "Salivary Analysis and Dental Caries"^by 
 Russell W. Bunting, D. D. S., assisted by 
 
 ♦Deceased. 
 
 U. G. Rickert, B. S., M. A., in the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan. 
 
 "Dental Cements" — ^by Marcus L. Ward. 
 D. D. S., assisted by Ralph ,M. McCor- 
 mick, B. S., in the University of Michi- 
 gan. 
 
 "The Relation of the Glands of Internal 
 Secretion to Caries" — by Dr. William J. 
 Gies, M. D., Ph. D., in the Columbia 
 L'niversity. 
 
 (a) "Metallurgical Researches." 
 
 (b) "Differentiations in Mouth Infections 
 — A Contribution to the Etiology of Py- 
 orrhea Alveolaris" — by Weston A. Price, 
 D. D. S., M. S. Metallurgical assistant, 
 Frank A. Fahrenwald, E. M., M. S. Bac- 
 teriological assistant. Le Rue P. Ben- 
 sing, B. A., Cleveland. 
 
 (Motion Pictures.) 
 
 ^^ 
 
ELTA SIGMA DELTA 
 Fraternity originated in 
 the Freshman class of the 
 University of Michigan in 
 1882, and in March of 1883 
 nine men — Charles W. 
 Howard, L. J. Mitchell, C. 
 Hand, lizra L. Kern, L. M. James, 
 D. D. Alagill, L. L. Davis, Charles P. 
 Weinrich and Wm. Cleland became the 
 charter members of Alpha Chapter of this, 
 the first Greek letter Dental Fraternity. 
 
 The Supreme Chapter, composed of 
 graduate members of subordinate chapters, 
 was organized March 20, 1884. 
 
 The organization is made up o' the fol- 
 lowing divisions: 
 
 A Supreme Chapter which governs and 
 controls the entire membership, having the 
 power to make or amend the Constitution 
 and Laws. 
 
 Twenty-five Auxiliary Chapters, com- 
 posed of Supreme Chapter members resid- 
 ing in certain central districts. 
 
 A council of deputies, composed of the 
 official representatives of the Subordinate 
 Chapters. 
 
 Twenty-five Subordinate Chapters located 
 as follows: 
 Alpha Chapter — University of Michigan, 
 
 Dental Dept., Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 Beta Chapter — Chicago College of Dental 
 
 Surgery, Chicago, 111. 
 Gamma Chapter — Harvard University, Den- 
 tal Dept., Boston, Mass. 
 EpsiloH Chapter — University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, Dental Dept., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Zeta Chapter — University of California, 
 
 Dental Dept., San Francisco, Cal. 
 Eta Chapter — Northwestern University, 
 Dental School, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Theta Chapter — University of Minnesota, 
 Dental Dept., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Kappa Chapter — Vanderbilt University, 
 Dental Dept., Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Lambda Chapter — Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity, Dental Dept., Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Mu Chapter— Tuit's Dental College, Bos- 
 ton, Mass. 
 
 Nu Chapter— Kunszs City Dental College, 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Xi Chapter — Indiana Dental College, India- 
 napolis, Ind. 
 
 Omicron Chapter — St. Louis University, 
 Dental Dept., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Pi Chapter— University of Buflfalo, Dental 
 Dept., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Rho Chapter — University of Illinois, School 
 of Dentistry, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Sigma Chapter — University of Pittsburgh, 
 Dental Dept., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Upsilon Chapter — Washington University, 
 Dental Dept., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Phi Chapter — Colorado College of Dental 
 Surgery, Denver, Colo. 
 
 Chi Chapter — University of Southern Cali- 
 fornia, Dental Dept., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Psi Chapter— 'North Pacific Dental College, 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Omega Chapter — Creighton University, 
 Dental Dept., Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Alpha Alpha Chapter — Georgetown Uni- 
 versity, Dental Dept., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Beta Beta Chapter — Lincoln University, 
 Dental Dept., Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 Gamma Gamma Chapter — Iowa University, 
 Dental Dept., Iowa City, Iowa. 
 
 Epsilon Epsilon Chapter — Louisville Dental 
 College, Louisville, Ky. 
 The official organ of the Fraternity is 
 
 Decmos, published quarterly by the Su- 
 preme Chapter. 
 
PSI OMEGA FRATERNITY 
 
 
 SI OMEGA Dental Fra- 
 ternity was organized in 
 S!»2 at the Baltimore Col- 
 cge of Dental Surgery, 
 "ounded primarily as a 
 college society, with a 
 secret ritual, the organiza- 
 gradually to the New York 
 College of Dentistry and thence to the 
 Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. 
 
 The Constitution and the power of the 
 original Chapter, Alpha, proving inadequate 
 for the growing Fraternity, a convention 
 was called in February, 1895, and the Fra- 
 ternity was launched as a National organi- 
 zation. 
 
 In the last twenty years Psi Omega has 
 grown from its humble beginning to an or- 
 ganization consisting of forty-eight chap- 
 ters. Forty-two of these are Active Chap- 
 ters and twenty-six Alumni, with a total 
 membership of seven thousand five hundred. 
 
 The object of the Fraternity is to culti- 
 vate the social qualities of its members; to 
 surround each member with friends to 
 whom he may turn for advice and assist- 
 ance when in need, and to untiringly exert 
 its influence for the advancement of the 
 dental profession, in methods of teaching, 
 of practice and of jurisprudence. 
 
 The government of the Fraternity is 
 vested in a Grand Chapter, meeting tri- 
 ennially between July 1st and September 
 1st, and consisting of one duly elected del- 
 egate from each Subordinate Chapter. The 
 Supreme Council is composed of three 
 Alumni members, having power to act for 
 the Grand Chapter when that body is not 
 in session. 
 
 To secure by co-operation benefits and 
 advantages out of individual reach the 
 
 official organ. The Fratcr, is published bi- 
 monthly during the college year. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL. 
 
 H. E. Friesell, A. B., D. D. S., Grand 
 Recorder, 120G Highland Bldg., Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa. 
 
 Edward H. Sting, D. D. S., Editor, Tiffin, 
 Ohio. 
 
 J. E. Nyce, D. D. S., Business Manager, 
 731 Witherspoon Bldg, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 ACTIVE CHAPTERS. 
 
 Alpha — Baltimore College of Dental Sur- 
 gery. 
 
 Beta — New York College of Dentistry. 
 
 Gamma — Pennsylvania College of Dental 
 Surgery, Philadelphia. (Combined with 
 Zeta.) 
 
 Delta — Tufts Dental College, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Epsilon — Western Reserve University, 
 Cleveland, O. 
 
 Zeta — University of Pennsylvania, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Eta — Philadelphia Dental College. 
 
 *Thcta — University of Buffalo, Buffalo, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Iota — Northwestern University. Chicago, 
 111. 
 
 Kappa — Chicago College of Dental Sur- 
 gery, Chicago, 111. 
 
 *Lambda — University of Minnesota, Min- 
 neapolis, Minn. 
 
 l/j(— University of Denver, Denver, Colo. 
 
 Nu — University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 
 Pa. 
 
 Xi — Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Mu Delta — Harvard University Dental 
 School. 
 
 Omicron — Louisville College of Dental Sur- 
 gery. 
 
Pi — Baltimore Medical College, Dental De- 
 partment. 
 
 Beta Sigma — College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons, Dental Department, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 Rho — Ohio College of Dental Surgery, Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 Sigma — Medico-Chirurgical College, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Taw— Atlanta Dental College, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Upsilon — University of Southern Califor- 
 nia, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Phi — University of Maryland, Baltimore. 
 
 C/m— North Pacific Dental College, Port- 
 land, Ore. 
 
 Psi— Ohio State University, Columbus, O. 
 
 Omega — Indiana Dental College, Indianap- 
 oHs, Ind. 
 
 Beta Alpha — University of Illinois, Chicago. 
 
 Beta Gamma — George Washington Uni- 
 versity, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Beta Delta — University of California, San 
 Francisco. 
 
 Beta Epsilon — New Orleans College of 
 Dentistry. 
 
 Beta Zeta—St. Louis Dental College, St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 Beta £fa— Keokuk Dental College. (De- 
 funct.) 
 
 Beta Thcta — Georgetown University, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Gamma Iota — Southern Dental College, At- 
 lanta, Ga. 
 
 Gamma Kappa — University of Michigan, 
 Ann Arbor. 
 
 Gamma Lambda — College of Dental and 
 Oral Surgery of New York. 
 
 Gamma Mii — University of Iowa, Iowa 
 City. 
 
 Gamma Nii — Vanderbilt University, Nash- 
 ville, Tenn. 
 
 Gamma Xj— University College of Medi- 
 cine, Richmond, Va. (Combined with 
 Gamma Omicron.) 
 
 Gamma Omicron — Medical College of Vir- 
 ginia, Richmond, Va. 
 
 *Gamma Pi — Washington University, D. 
 Dept., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Delta Rho— Kansas City Dental College. 
 
 New York Alumni Chapter, New York City. 
 
 Duquesne Alumni Chapter, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Minnesota Alumni Chapter, Minneapolis, 
 Minn. 
 
 Chicago Alumni Chapter, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Boston Alumni Chapter, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Philadelphia Alumni Chapter, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. 
 
 New Orleans Alumni Chapter, New Or- 
 leans, La. 
 
 Los Angeles Alumni Chapter. Los Angeles, 
 Cal. 
 
 Cleveland Alumni Chapter, Cleveland, O. 
 
 Seattle Alumni Chapter, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Portsmouth Alumni Chapter, Portsmouth, 
 Ohio. 
 
 Buffalo Alumni Chapter, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Connecticut State Alumni Chapter, Con- 
 necticut. 
 
 Iowa State Alumni Chapter, Iowa City, la. 
 
 New Jersey State Alumni Chapter, New 
 Jersey. 
 
 San Francisco Alumni Chapter, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 Multnomah Alumni Chapter, Portland, Ore. 
 
 District of Columbia Alumni Chapter, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Ohio State Alumni Chapter, Ohio. 
 
 Anthracite Alumni Chapter, Wilkes Barre 
 and Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Atlanta Alumni Chapter, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Kansas City Alumni Chapter, Kansas City, 
 Mo. 
 
 Alabama State Alumni Chapter, Alabama, 
 
 Virginia State Alumni Chapter, Virginia. 
 
 Rocky Mountain Alumni Chapter, Denver, 
 Colo. 
 
 National Alumni Chapter. 
 
 
 /■ 
 
HE Xi Psi Phi Fraternity 
 was founded at the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan in 
 February, 1889. The name 
 given the organization at 
 that time was Delta Beta 
 Gamma, signifying "Den- 
 tal Brothers' Guild." This, however, was 
 soon changed to Xi Psi Phi. 
 
 In May, 1892, articles of association 
 were filed in the State of Michigan for 
 Alpha Chapter, after which the Fraternity 
 became a national organization. 
 
 Since that time thirty-two Subordinate 
 Chapters have been organized; seven have 
 been disbanded for different reasons, leav- 
 ing an active Chapter list of twenty-five at 
 present. 
 
 The purpose for which the organization 
 was formed is "to promote social unity 
 amongst dental students generally; to im- 
 prove their intellectual advantages and op- 
 portunities; to establish a fraternal feeling 
 and brotherhood among them, and to pro- 
 mote moral rectitude." 
 
 The Suoreme Chapter formed in 1901 is 
 the legislative body and meets biennially. 
 Representation is permitted all Subordinate 
 Chapters and Alumni Associations from 
 members chosen directly from the active 
 membership. 
 
 The official publication of the Fraternitv 
 is the Quarterly, published since 1899. 
 
 The present Supreme Chapter members, 
 constituting the Board of Directors, are as 
 follows : 
 
 Dr. H. A. Roan, Supreme President, Min- 
 neapolis, Minn. 
 
 Dr. J. E. Schaefer, Supreme 1st Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Dr. R. E. Luther, Supreme 2d Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Dr. C. C. Markey, Supreme Secretary- 
 Treasurer, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Dr. C. L. Storms, Supreme Editor, Buffalo, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Members of Board: 
 
 Dr. A. Hoffman, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Dr. D. W. Adams, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Dr. L. M. Waugh, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Dr. V. Nillson, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Dr. H. B. Pinney, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Active membership of the Subordinate 
 
 Chapters January 1, 1915, 720; Alumni 
 
 membership approximately 6000. 
 
 The organization of the Alumni into a 
 
 National body with State and local compon- 
 ent parts, follows the lines of the National 
 
 Dental Society. At present there are fifteen 
 
 such component societies. 
 
 The National Alumni Association meets 
 
 annually at the time and place of the Na- 
 tional Dental Society meeting. 
 
 The officers of this organization for the 
 
 year 1914-15 are: 
 
 President — Dr. A. J. Bush, Columbus. 
 Ohio. 
 
 Vice-President — Dr. C. O. Simpson, St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 Secretary — Dr. M. R. Eshelman, Buffalo, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Treasurer — Dr. F. Lowe, Rochester. 
 
 ^IT 
 
^^ 
 
 HYGIENE, DENTAL PEDAGOGICS, HISTOLOGICAL, ANTHROPOLOGICAL 
 AND SCHOOL CLINIC EXHIBITS 
 
 Main Floor, East Wing 
 
 New York City Department of Health Dis- 
 play—by H. L. Wheeler. Fifty-six path- 
 ological models (colored), and fracture 
 cases from patients in the Bellevue and 
 Allied Hospitals. Models from tubercu- 
 lous children at the Sea Breeze Hospital, 
 Coney Island. Models of syphilitic and 
 cleft-palate cases. Wax models of 
 healthy and diseased teeth (imported). 
 
 Anthropological Display — by J. Leon Wil- 
 liams. Models of the anthropoid ape, 
 the Piltdown skull, and modern man. 
 
 Pedagogical Unit for Dental Colleges and 
 Offices, Orthodontia Models — by J. P. 
 Corley. 
 
 College exhibits from the Dental Depart- 
 ment of the University of Paris, France, 
 and School of Dentistry, of Lyons, 
 France. 
 
 Models, photographs and literature from 
 the Dental College of Bogota, Colombia, 
 South America. 
 
 Mouth Hygiene Exhibit of the Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, Dental Society. 
 
 Photographs and literature of the Forsyth 
 Dental Infirmary, Boston, Mass. 
 
 United States Army Field Dental Equip- 
 ment. Exhibit in charge of G. H. Casa- 
 day, Dental Surgeon, U. S. Army. 
 
 Moving pictures, entitled "Oral Health," 
 loaned by the Oral Hygiene Committee 
 of the Dental Society of the State of 
 New York. 
 
 Stereoptican views on Oral Hygiene and 
 Pathological Subjects, from the New 
 York City Department of Health. 
 
 Exhibits by Dental Fraternities. 
 
 Space for the Alumni Association of the 
 Dental Department of the University of 
 California. 
 
 U. S. Navy Dental Corps Exhibit. 
 
 •ab 
 
 Nor love, nor honor, wealth nor pow' 
 Can give the heart a cheerful hour 
 When health is lost. Be timely 
 With health all taste of pleasure flies. 
 —Gay, Fables, Pt. 1 
 
Program of Papers by Sections 
 
 SECTION I 
 
 Anatomy — Physiology — Histology 
 
 Meeting Place, Third Floor, West Wing 
 
 Committee 
 I. Norman Broomell, Chairman, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 W. H. G. Logan, Vice-Chairman, Chicago, 111. 
 Malcolm Goddard, Secretary, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Wednesday, September 1, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Address — by the Chairman, I. Norman 
 Broomell. 
 
 Paper — "The Practical Application of the 
 Histology of the Peridental Membrane" 
 —by F. C. Friesell, Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Discussed by Lxuman M. Waugh, New 
 York City; George T. Williams, Seattle, 
 Wash.; and Arthur D. Black, Chicago, 
 111. 
 
 Paper — "Research on the Resistance of the 
 Red Corpuscles of the Blood of the Hu- 
 man Gums (Normal and PathologicaH 
 to the Dihited Salt Solutions" — by Ar- 
 rigo Piperno, Rome, Italy. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "A Study on the Minute Structures 
 of Dentine, Especially on the Relation be- 
 tween the Dentinal Fibrils and Tubules" 
 by Kanae Hanazawa. 
 
 
 
 Saturday, September 4, 1915, 9 :00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "Sinuses of the Head"- 
 E. Burns, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 -by Arthur Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Resistance and Dental Diseases" 
 — by Percy R. Howe, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Paper — "Changes Produced in the Circu- 
 lation by Nitrous Oxid — Oxygen" — by 
 Theodore D. Casto, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Monday, September 6, 1915, 9:00 a. 
 
 Paper — "Anomalies in Dental Pulp Struc- 
 ture and Their Relation to Clinical 
 Work" — by V. A. Latham, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Discussed by J. R. Callahan ; M. L. Rhein, 
 New York. 
 
 Paper (illustrated) — Brief synopsis of Pa- 
 per entitled, "Investigation of Mottled 
 Teeth ; an Endemic Affection of the 
 Enamel of the Teeth Not Heretofore 
 Known" — by Frederick S. McKay, Colo- 
 
 rado Springs, Colo., in collaboration with 
 G. V. Black, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Discussed by I. Norman Broomell, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa.; Frederick B. Noyes, Chi- 
 cago, 111. 
 
 Paper — "The Evolution and Development 
 of the Mandible" — by Martin Dewey, 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
SECTION II 
 
 Etiology, Eadiography, Pathology and Bacteriology 
 
 Meeting Place, Third Floor, West Wing 
 
 Committee 
 
 Frederick Bogue Noyes, Chairman, Chicago, 111. 
 
 R. H. HoFHEiNz, Vice-Chairman, Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 W. H. Renwick, Secretary, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 Tuesday, August 31, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 Chairman, Frederick Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Address — by the 
 Bogue Noyes. 
 
 Paper — "The Value of Bacterial Vaccines 
 in the Treatment of Pyorrhea" — ^by 
 George Bailey Harris, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Paper — "Radiographic Studies of the An- 
 trum" — by Martin Dewey and Skin- 
 ner, Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 
 Wednesday, September 1, 1915, 9:00 a. 
 
 Paper — "Radiography in Dentistry and 
 Orthodontia" — by A. H. Ketcham and 
 Ira C. Brownlie, both of Denver, Colo. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Differentiation of the Radiograph- 
 ical Appearance of Normal and Abnormal 
 
 Tissues as an Aid to Dental Diagnosis" — 
 by Noboru Teruuchi. 
 
 Paper — "The Etiology of Dental Abscess, 
 Acute and Chronic" — by Thos. B. Hart- 
 zell, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Tuesday, September 7, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper (illustrated) — "Oral Sepsis as Re- Paper — "Concerning Mouth Infections as 
 
 lated to Systemic Diseases" — by W. H. Related to Systemic Disease" — by S. 
 
 Strietmann, Oakland, Cal. Mark White, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Wednesday, September 8, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "Radiographic Study of the Attach- 
 ment of Teeth of Lower Animals" — by 
 Martin Dewey, Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 %¥ 
 
 yPTfi^T 
 
 Paper — "Pathological Conditions Found in 
 the Mouths of Some Children" — by M. 
 Evangeline Jordan, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by Truman W. Brophy, Chicago, 
 111., and H. G. Chappel, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 i^^ 
 
Meeting Place, Third Floor, West Wing 
 
 Committee 
 
 M. L. Ward, Chairman, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 Henry H. Boom, Vice-Chairman, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 H. A. TucKEY, Secretary, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Address — by the Chairman, Marcus 
 Ward. 
 
 Tuesday, August 31, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 L. Paper — "The Effect of Heat on Fillings, 
 Crowns, Bridges, Dentures, Etc., in the 
 
 Paper — "Some Refractive Materials Used 
 in Dentistry" — by Guy S. Millberry, San 
 Francisco. 
 
 Discussed by John E. Gurley, San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 Oral Cavity, as Demonstrated in the Re- 
 duction to Ashes of the Human Body by 
 Incineration" — by Louis Ottofy, Manila, 
 P. I. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Wednesday, September 1, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "Affinity of Metals for Each Other 
 in the Molten Condition, as Shown in 
 Platinum and Lead, and This Principle 
 Applied to Making Solders" — by A. P. 
 Fellows, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 Paper — "An Investigation of the Charac- 
 
 ter of the Various Dental Cements" — ^by 
 Marcus L. Ward, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Acidimetric Study of the Saliva 
 and Its Relation to Diet and Caries" — 
 by John A. Marshall, Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 SECTION IV 
 
 Oral Hygiene and Prophylaxis 
 
 Meeting Place, Third Floor, West Wing 
 
 Committee 
 
 Herdert L. Wheeler, Chairman, New York, N. Y. 
 
 W. W. Belcher, Vice-Chairman, Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Robert W. Hall, Secretary, Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 Tuesday, August 31, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Address— by the Chairman, Herbert L. Discussed by— (Names not received). 
 
 ^^^^'^^' Paper— "The Care of Children's Teeth"- 
 
 Paper — "Dentistry in Public Institutions by Mattie K. Weyman, Seattle, Wash. 
 (Insane)" — by Frederick Keys, Boston, 
 
 Mass. Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 ^<gX 
 
Wednesday, September 1, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "The Value of Oral Hygiene Lec- 
 tures to the Public and the Responsibili- 
 ties of the Dental Profession in Relation 
 to this Work"— by Thaddeus P. Hyatt. 
 New York City. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "The Next Steps in the Develop- 
 
 Priday, September 
 
 Paper — "The Educational Value of Oral 
 Hygiene in the .A.rmy" — by Edwin P. 
 Tignor, U. S. A. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Report on Dental Clinical Work 
 in the Hospitals, Schools and Prisons in 
 Manila, P. I." — by Louis Ottofy, Manila. 
 P. L 
 
 ment of Oral Hygiene .\mong School 
 Children" — by Edwin S. Brown, New 
 York City. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Municipal Clinics" — by Matthew 
 Carney, New York City. 
 
 5, ini.j, 9:00 a. in. 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Making the Exposed Tooth Sur- 
 faces Slippery — An Appeal to General 
 Practitioners" — by Leander Van Orden, 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by J. M. Whitney, Honolulu, 
 T. H. ; Frank Skinner, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Saturday, September 4, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "The Agencies in Ohio Co-operat- 
 ing in a General Oral Hygiene Educa- 
 tional Campaign" — by Homer C. Brown, 
 Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Hygiene of the Bucco-Dental 
 Cavity as an Important Auxiliary for the 
 Prophylaxis of Incipient Bucco-Pulmon- 
 
 ary Tuberculosis" — by Ernesto A. Dam. 
 Lima, Peru. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "The Importance of Mouth Hy- 
 giene During Infancy and Early Child- 
 hood" — by Horace Howe, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 SECTION V 
 
 Materia Medica and Therapeutics 
 
 Meeting Place, Fourth Floor, West Wing 
 
 Committee 
 P. Buckley, Chairman, Chicago, 
 
 Carl D. Lucas, Vice-Chairman, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Frank C. Pe.\rn, Secretary, Portland, Ore. 
 
 Thursday, September 
 
 Address — by the Chairman, J. P. Buckley. 
 
 Paper — "Pain, Its Significance and Value 
 as a Diagnostic Symptom, Its Advan- 
 tages and Disadvantages, and the Im- 
 portance of Its Alleviation and Preven- 
 tion" — by E. T. Loeffler, Ann Arbor, 
 Mich. 
 
 2, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Discussed by J. V. Conzett, Dubuque, 
 Iowa; H. B. Tileston, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Paper — "Superstitions of Dental Medicine" 
 — by Garrett Newkirk, Pasadena, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by G. H. Walker, Los Angeles,. 
 Cal. ; Frank I. Shaw, Seattle, Wash. 
 
Paper— "Bad Root Canal Work — What 
 Shall We Do About It ?"— by Howard R. 
 Raper, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Discussed by C. N. Johnson, Chicago, 111.; 
 R. Ottolingui, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Oral Surgery 
 
 Meeting Place, Fourth Floor, West Wing 
 
 .Committee 
 
 Truman W. Brophy, Chairman, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Adolph Bernhart Baer, Vice-Chairman, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 E. S. Barnes, Secretary, Washington 
 
 Tiicsday, August 31, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Address — by the Chairman, Truman W. 
 
 Brophy, Chicago, 111. 
 Paper — "Necrosis of the Maxillary Bones" 
 
 — by Henry Sage Dunning, New York, 
 
 N. Y. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 Paper — "Radium Treatment in Carcinoma 
 
 of the Mouth" — ^by Oscar A. Strauss, 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Thursday, September 2, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "A Few Thoughts on the Compara- 
 tive Anatomy of the Maxillary Sinus, Its 
 Relation to the Teeth, Mandibular Ar- 
 ticulation and Alimentary System" — by 
 Mathew H. Cryer, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Discussed by— (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "The Surgical Treatment of Con- 
 
 genital Cleft Palate"- 
 man, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 by Chas. H. Oak- 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "The X-Ray in Oral Surgery" — by 
 Howard R. Raper, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Regeneration of Bone" — by Thos. 
 B. Hartzell, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Surgical Treatment of the An- 
 trum of Highmore" — by Adolph B. Baer, 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Friday, September 3, 1915, 9 :00 a. m. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Interdependence of the Rhinolo- 
 gist and Oral Surgeon" — by Thomas E. 
 Carmody, Denver, Colo. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 ^^ 1 
 
m 
 
 i 
 
 I" 
 
'Chronic Peridental Infections- 
 lue of Blood Examination as 
 
 Truman W. Brophy will read a paper 
 before the Surgical Section of the San 
 Francisco County Medical Society in the 
 evening on the above date, at the rooms of 
 the Society in the Butler Building, Stock- 
 ton and Geary Streets. 
 
 An invitation to attend is extended 
 the dental profession. 
 
 
 
 IVednesday, September 8, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "General Infections of Oral Ori- 
 gin" — by Harry P. Carlton, Oakland, 
 Cal. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "A Case of Acromegaly" — by Pehr 
 Gadd, Helsingfors, Finland. 
 
 'Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Osteoplastic Lengthening of the 
 Lower Jaw in Micronathy According to 
 von Eiselberg's Method" — by Hj. von 
 Bornsdorff, Helsingfors, Finland. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "The Therapeutics of Radicular 
 
 and Follicular Dental Cysts" — by Rudolf 
 Weiser, Vienna, Austria. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Etiology and Treatment of Oral 
 Tumors" — by Fulton Risdon, Toronto, 
 Canada. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Nerve Blocking; Its Use in Op- 
 erative Dentistry and Oral Surgery" — by 
 B. R. East, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Under the direction of the Committee on 
 Oral Surgery, the following men will op- 
 erate during the congress at hospitals to be 
 selected and named later. Announcement 
 of these clinics will be in the Daily Bulle- 
 tin, giving all details as to place, time and 
 operation. 
 
 E. S. Barnes, Seattle. W. L. Shearer, Omaha. 
 
 Henry Sage Dunning, New York. H. C. Miller, Portland, Ore. 
 
 Adolph B. Baer, San Francisco. Truman W. Brophy, Chicago. 
 
 W. H. G. Logan, Chicago. M. N. Federspiel, Milwaukee. 
 
 A. T. Rasmussen, La Crosse, Wis. 
 
 =T^ 
 
Paper (illustrated)— "The Use of the An- 
 gle-Young Lock and Auxiliary Wires in 
 Conjunction with the New Angle Appli- 
 ance" — by A. P. Rogers, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Friday, September 3, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper (illustrated) — "Further Research on 
 the Influence of the Occlusal Forces on 
 the Development of the Skull" — by L. 
 W. Baker, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Discussed by M. H. Eryer, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. ; F. B. Noyes, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Paper (illustrated) — "A Method of Sur- 
 veying and Mapping the Dental Appa- 
 ratus" — by F. L. Stanton and Dipl-ing 
 Rudolph Hanan. 
 
 Discussed by Martin Dewey, Kansas City. 
 
 Paper — "An Attempt Towards Automatic 
 Correction" — by L. Subirana, Madrid, 
 Spain. 
 
 Discussed by H. C. Pollack, Kansas City; 
 S. P. Cameron, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Paper (illustrated)— "A Study of the Ab- 
 normal Overbite" — by H. A. Pullen, Buf- 
 falo, N. Y. 
 
 Discussed by James D. McCoy, Los An- 
 geles, Cal. ; W. J. Brady, Kansas City, 
 Mo. 
 
 Monday, September 6, 1915, 9:00 a. 
 
 
 Paper — "Some Practical Uses in Dental 
 Practice for Tungsten and Molybdenum" 
 —by W. A. Price, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Discussed by W. E. Wilson, San Diego, 
 Cal. ; D. W. Flint, Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Paper (illustrated)— "Dr. E. H. Angle's 
 New Orthodontic Appliances" — by A. H. 
 Ketcham, Denver, Colo. 
 
 •o:;^^^^ 
 
 Discussed by E. H. Morehouse, Spokane, 
 Wash.; John R. McCoy, Los Angeles, 
 Cal. 
 
 Paper — "The Advantage of Early Treat- 
 ment" — ^by M. T. Watson, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Discussed by B. Frank Gray, Colorado 
 Springs, Colo.; W. H. Bolton, Seattle, 
 Wash. 
 
 rr 
 
SECTION VIII 
 
 Operative Dentistry 
 
 Meeting Place, Fourth Floor, West Wing 
 
 Committee 
 John Sayre Marshall, Chairman, Berkeley, Cal. 
 H. E. Friesell, Vice-Chairman, Pittsburg, Pa. 
 E. A. Tripp, Secretary, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Tuesday, August 31, 1915, 9:00 a. 
 
 
 Address — by the Chairman, John Sayre 
 Marshall. 
 
 Paper — "Zonatherapy" (with demonstra- 
 tions) — by W. H. Fitzgerald, Hartford, 
 Conn. 
 
 Discussed by Blake A. Sears, Hartford, 
 Conn. 
 
 Paper (illustrated) — "History of Operative 
 Dentistry" — by Charles McManus, Hart- 
 ford, Conn. 
 
 Discussed by (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Auto-Analgesia and Anesthesia" 
 — by S. Towle, Fall River, Mass. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Wednesday, September 1, 1915, 9 :00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "Some Prevalent Errors in the Es- 
 thetic and Technical Phases of Operative 
 Practice" — by Clarence O. Simpson, St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 Discussed by John V. Conzett, Dubuque, 
 Iowa; W. D. Tracy, New York, N. Y. ; 
 F. B. Kremer, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Paper — "Non-Cohesive Gold Foil as a Fill- 
 ing Material" — by F. W. Bliss, Santa 
 Cruz. 
 
 Cisco; Leander Van Orden, San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 Paper — "The Sharpening of Instruments" 
 — by R. B. GifTen, Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Operative Procedure in Relation 
 to Dental Caries and Diseases of the In- 
 vesting Tissues" — Arthur D. Black, Chi- 
 cago, 111. 
 
 Discussed by W. A. L. Knowles, San Fran- Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Thursday, September 2, 1915, 9:00 a. m 
 
 Paper— "The Plantation of Teeth"— by M 
 J. Congdon, Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Extracting of Deep-Lying Roots 
 of Teeth in Cases of Hemophilia and 
 Gravidity" (according to a method of 
 his own) — ^by Th. Weber, Helsingfors, 
 Finland. 
 
 Paper — "The Recessional Lines of the 
 Pulp in Their Relation to Operative Den- 
 tistry" — by H. G. Chappel,' Oakland, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by Geo. T. Williams, Seattle, 
 Wash. ; G. M. Crow, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Paper — "Electricity as an Aid to Diagno- 
 sis" — by A. C. Wherry, Salt Lake City, 
 Utah. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 

 1 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 
 '"^^yj' I 
 
 IN THE RED FOREST 
 
 Giant Redwoods, the California Sequoias, found nowhere else in the world, in the 
 Santa Cruz Mountains near San Francisco, whose folk-lore is largely flsh stories and 
 whose knights and ladies ride on gasoline steeds over State Highways. 
 
 Jr^Ti^'"!^ 
 
Saturday, September 4, 1915, 9 :00 a. m. 
 
 Paper (illustrated) — "Restoration of the 
 Masticatory Functions of Molars and Bi- 
 cuspids with Carved Gold Inlays" — ^by R. 
 Ottolengui, New York City. 
 
 Discussed by A. H. Ketcham, Denver, 
 Colo.; T. H. Hinman, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Paper (illustrated) — "Technique in the 
 Treatment of Pulp, Root Canal, and 
 Periapical Areas" — by M. L. Rhein, New 
 York City. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "An Ideal Cement for Stopping 
 Root Canals" — by Vincenzo Guerini, Na- 
 ples, Italy. 
 
 Discussed by R. Ottolengui, New York, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Paper — "Peridental Anesthesia, Intraosse- 
 ous Method" — Frank L. Piatt, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by Harry P. Carlton, Oakland, 
 Cal. ; George N. Hein, San Francisco, 
 Cal. 
 
 Monday, September G, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "The Successful Scientific Treat- 
 ment of Peridental Diseases" — T. Sydney 
 Smith, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by John S. Marshall, San Fran- 
 cisco; H. G. Chappel, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 Paper — "Those Having Pyorrhea Alveo- 
 laris Can Be Cured, But None of Our 
 Patients Need Have This Disease" — 
 Robin Adair, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Discussed by Frank C. Pague, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. ; E. A. Lundy, Los Angeles, 
 Cal. ; Austin F. James, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Paper — "Pyorrhea Alveolaris, Showing the 
 Pathological Changes Occurring in the 
 Alveolus, Based on Microscopic Observa- 
 tion" — by Frederick Hecker, Kansas 
 City, Mo. 
 
 Discussed by Austin F. James, Chicago, 
 111. ; Thomas B. Hartzell, Minneapolis, 
 Minn. ; Louis Meisburger, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Paper — "Emetin Hydrochlorid and Autog- 
 enous Vaccines in the Treatment of Py- 
 orrhea Alveolaris" — by C. E. Frasier, 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Tuesday, September 7, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "Arthritis Deformans Due to Py- 
 orrhea Alveolaris and Faulty Bridge 
 Work" — ^^by Harry A. Goldberg, New 
 York, N. Y. 
 
 Discussed by Carolyn Rosenberg, New 
 York, N. Y. ; Harry Sherman, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 l1 
 
Tuesday, September 7, 1915, Continued 
 
 Paper— "Mental and Co-operative Prophy- Discussed by— ("Names not received) 
 
 laxis" — by C. Smith Long, Portland, 
 
 Ore. Paper— "Emetin vs. Surgery in the Treat- 
 Discussed by Claude Adams, Portland, ;?3^"^ °^ Pyorrhea" — by Thomas B. 
 
 Ore.; J. C. Jones, Portland, Ore. Hartzell, Mmneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Paper— "Pyorrhea Alveolaris"— by John S. Discussed by John V. Conzett, Dubuque 
 
 Engs, Oakland, Cal. Iowa. 
 
 Wednesday, September 8, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 i^"^ Paper— "Pyorrhea and the Emetin Treat- 
 ment" — by H. I. Horner, Richmond, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by T. Sydney Smith, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal.; Henry Miller, Sacramento, 
 Cal. 
 
 Paper — "The Endameba Buccalis as Seen 
 Through the Microscope" (illustrated by 
 moving-picture film and lantern) — by H. 
 Page Bailey, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Discussed by Frederick Bogue Noyes, Chi- 
 cago, 111.; T. Sydney Smith, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 Paper — "The Technique and Instrumenta- 
 tion in Prophylaxis and Pyorrhea" (illus- 
 trated by moving-picture film) — by Max- 
 well M. Dixon, Los Angeles. 
 
 Discussed by Frank C. Pague, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal.; Harry C. Peters, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 SECTION IX 
 
 Prosthesis 
 
 Meeting Place, Fourth Floor, West Wing 
 
 Committee 
 
 Ellison Hillyer, Chairman, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 F. W. Hergert, Vice-Chairman, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 C. O. Edwards, Secretary, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 Saturday, September 4, 1915, 9 :00 a. m. 
 
 
 Address — by the Chairman, Ellison Hillyer. 
 
 Paper — "Impression Material and Impres- 
 sions" — by George H. Wilson, Cleveland, 
 Ohio. 
 
 Discussed by F. W. Hergert, Seattle, 
 Wash. ; C. J. R. Engstrom, Los Angeles, 
 Cal. 
 
 Paper — "Artificial Restorations in Palatal 
 Defects"— by V. E. Mitchell, New York, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Discussed by W. H. O. McGehee, Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio ; H. S. Haslett, Pittsburg, Pa. ; 
 Henry S. Dunning, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Paper — "Sensible Porcelain Crowns" — by 
 J. Melville Thompson. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Principles of Kitami's Rubber 
 Plate Work" — ^by Yukimasa Kitami. 
 
 \1 
 
 J^ 
 
^$jn^ 
 
 J"" 
 
 I 
 
 Monday, September C, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "Technique for Making Impres- 
 sions and Models for the Construction 
 of Artificial Dentures" (each step taken 
 to be demonstrated by motion pictures) 
 —by W. A. Giffen, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Crown and Bridge" — by H. J. 
 Goslee, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Some Fundamental Things in 
 Dental Prosthesis" — by J. Leon Williams, 
 London, England. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "The Normal Arch in Prosthodon- 
 tia" — by J. Leon Williams, London, Eng 
 
 Discussed by (Names not received). 
 
 Tuesday, September 7, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper— "A Plea for a Better Understand- 
 ing of the Morphology of the Human 
 Face as Applied to Dental Prosthesis" 
 — ^by Joseph Nalin, Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Some Phases of Vulcanite Work" 
 —by H. S. Haslett, Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Discussed by C. J. R. Engstrom, Los An- 
 geles, Cal. ; Justin E. Nyce, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. ; Edward Kennedy. 
 
 Paper — "Comparative Crowns and Bridges" 
 — by W. O. Hulick, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Discussed by H. J. Goslee, Chicago, 111.; 
 James Libbey, Pittsburg, Pa. ; Hugh Mc- 
 Millan, Roseville, 111. 
 
 Paper — "Prehistoric Man, with Special Ref- 
 erence to His Jaws and Teeth" — by J. 
 Leon Williams, London, Eng. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Wednesday, September 8, 1915, 9:00 a. 
 
 Paper — "Some Grave Errors in the Prac- 
 tice of Crown and Bridge Work" — by 
 Vincenzo Guerini, Naples, Italy. 
 
 Discussed by A. W. Jarman, Philadelphia, 
 Pa. 
 
 Paper — "Simple Face Bow, for Taking the 
 Anterior-Posterior Length of the Jaw" — 
 by Alexander Manhood, Santiago, Chile. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Home-Made Interchangeable 
 Teeth for Crown and Bridge Work" — 
 by Alexander Manhood, Santiago, Chile. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "The Mechanical Correction of 
 Cleft Palate"— by Calvin S. Case, Chi- 
 cago, 111. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 This is the way that physicians mend or end us, 
 Secundum artem : but although we sneer 
 
 In health— when ill, we call them to attend us. 
 Without the least propensity to jeer. 
 
 —Byron, Don Juan. 
 
SECTION X 
 
 Education, Nomenclature, Literature, History, Legislation 
 
 Meeting Place, Fourth Floor, West Wing 
 
 Committee 
 
 C. N. Johnson, Chairman, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Homer C. Brown, Vice-Chairman, Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Henry C. Fixott, Secretary, Portland, Ore. 
 
 Thursday, September 2, 1915, 9 :00 a. m. 
 
 i^ 
 
 Address — by the Chairman, C. N. Johnson, 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 — by Herbert L. Wheeler, New York, 
 
 N. Y. 
 
 Paper— "The Present Status of Dentistry Discussed by— (Names not received), 
 in the Philippines" — by Louis Ottofy, 
 
 Manila, P. I. Paper (illustrated)— "Ex-Presidents of the 
 
 Discussed by-( Names not received). American, Southern and National Dental 
 
 ■' Associations — by J. P. Marshall. 
 
 Paper — "Possible Reforms in Our Litera- 
 ture, Both Periodical and Text-Book" Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Friday, September 3, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "Some Suggestions for Securing 
 Adequate and Uniform Dental Legisla- 
 tion" — by Homer C. Brown. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Commercialized Education and 
 the 'Itinerant Instructor' " — by Herbert 
 J. Samuels. 
 
 Discussed by Guy S. Millberry, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 Paper — "Preliminary Educational Qualifi- 
 cations for Entrance to Dental Colleges" 
 by L. L. Barber, Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 Discussed by Herbert C. Miller, Portland, 
 Ore.; Millard Holbrook, Portland, Ore. 
 
 Paper — "Aggressiveness and Protection in 
 Dental Publicity" — by Pearson Du Bose, 
 Columbia, S. C. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Saturday, September 4, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "Dental Literature" 
 Newkirk, Pasadena, Cal. 
 
 by Garrett 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Report on Dental Clinical Work 
 in the Hospitals, Schools and Prisons in 
 Manila, P. I." — by Louis Ottofy, Manila. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "An Efficacious Means of Teach- 
 ing Dental Students the Anatomy of the 
 Teeth and Alveolus" — by Vincenzo Gue- 
 rini, Naples, Italy. 
 
 Paper — "The Life and Works of Guisep- 
 pangelo Fonzis" — by Vincenzo Guerini, 
 Naples, Italy. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 s 
 
f|;-=:3Sf:^^ 
 
 Tuesday, September 7, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Paper — "The Development of Dental Serv- 
 ice in the Navy" — by Emory A. Bryant, 
 U. S. Navy. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Nomenclature" — by Arthur D. 
 Black, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 Paper — "Dentistry at Penal Institutions" 
 (The Dental Department at San Quentin 
 Prison)— by F. V. Simonton, San Quen- 
 
 Discussed by S. S. Stanley, San Quentin; 
 Burt Ogburn. Phoenix, Ariz. 
 
 Wednesday, September 8, 1915, 9:00 a. 
 
 Paper— "An Office Building for Dentists" 
 —by C. W. Dickey (architect), Oakland, 
 Cal. 
 
 Discussed by Joseph Loran Pease, Oak- 
 land, Cal. 
 
 Paper — "Organization of the Dental Corps 
 
 -by G. H. 
 
 of the United States Army" 
 
 Casaday, U. S. Army. 
 Discussed by— (Names not received). 
 Paper — "Dental Society Organizations" 
 
 by E. S. McCord, Seattle, Wash. 
 Discussed by — (Names not received). 
 
 For cleanliness of body was ever esteemed to proceed from a due reverence to God, to 
 society, and to ourselves.— Bacon, Advancement of Learning. 
 
 Echo Lake, above Castle Crags, and the Sacramento Canyon 
 
Daily Program of Papers 
 
 Tuesday, August 31, 1915, 9:00 a. m. 
 
 Address, Frederick Bogue Noyes, Sec. II. 
 "The Value of Bacterial Vaccines in the 
 
 Treatment of Pyorrhea," George Bailey 
 
 Harris, Sec. II. 
 "Radiographic Studies of the Antrum," 
 
 Martin Dewey and Frank H. Skinner, 
 
 Sec. II. 
 Address, Marcus L. Ward, Sec. III. 
 
 "Some Refractive Materials Used in Den- 
 tistry," Guy S. Milberry. Sec. III. 
 
 "The Eflfect of Heat on Fillings, Crowns, 
 Bridges, Dentures, Etc., in the Oral Cav- 
 ity, as Demonstrated in the Reduction to 
 Ashes of the Human Body by Incinera- 
 tion," Louis Ottofy, Sec. III. 
 
 "Dentistry in Public Institutions (Insane)," 
 Frederick Keys, Sec. IV. 
 
 Address, Herbert L. Wheeler, Sec. IV. 
 
 "Care of Children's Teeth," Mattie K. Wey- 
 man. Sec. IV. 
 
 Address, Truman W. Brophy, Sec. VI. 
 
 "Necrosis of the Maxillary Bones," Henry 
 Sage Dunning, Sec. VI. 
 
 "Radium Treatment in Carcinoma of the 
 Mouth," Oscar A. Strauss, Sec. VI. 
 
 Address, John Sayre Marshall, Sec. VIII. 
 
 "Zonatherapy" (with demonstration), W. 
 H. Fitzgerald, Sec. VIII. 
 
 "History of Operative Dentistry" (illus- 
 trated), Charles McManus, Sec. Vllt. 
 
 "Auto - Analgesia and Anesthesia," S. 
 Towle, Sec. VIII. 
 
 Wednesday, September 1, 191.5, 9:00 a. 
 
 Address, I. Norman Broomell, Sec. I. 
 
 "The Practical Application of the Histol- 
 ogy of the Peridental Membrane," F. C. 
 Friesell, Sec. I. 
 
 "Research on the Resistance of the Red 
 Corpuscles of the Blood of the Human 
 Gums (Normal and Pathological) to the 
 Diluted Salt Solutions," Arrigo Piperno, 
 Sec. I. 
 
 "A Study on the Minute Structures of 
 Dentine, Especially on the Relation be- 
 tween the Dentinal Fibrils and Tubules," 
 Kanae Hanazawa, Sec. I. 
 
 "Radiography in Dentistry and Orthodon- 
 tia," A. H. Ketcham and Ira C. Brown- 
 lie, Sec. II. 
 
 "Differentiation of the Radiographical Ap- 
 pearance of Normal and Abnormal," 
 Noborn Terunchi, Sec. II. 
 
 'Affinity of Metals for Each Other in the 
 Molten Condition, as Shown in Platinum 
 
 and Lead, and this Principle Applied to 
 Making Solder," A. P. Fellows, Sec. III. 
 
 'The Value of Oral Hygiene Lectures to 
 the Public and the Responsibilities of the 
 Dental Profession in Relation to this 
 Work," Thaddeus P. Hyatt, Sec. IV. 
 
 'The Next Steps in the Development of 
 Oral Hygiene Among School Children," 
 Edwin S. Brown, Sec. IV. 
 
 'Municipal Clinics," Matthew Carney, Sec. 
 IV. 
 
 'Some Prevalent Errors in the Esthetic 
 and Technical Phases of Operative Prac- 
 tice," Clarence O. Simpson, Sec. VIII. 
 
 'Non-Cohesive Gold Foil as a Filling Ma- 
 terial," F. W. Bliss, Sec. VIII. 
 
 'The Sharpening of Instruments," R. B. 
 Giffen, Sec. VIII. 
 
 'Operative Procedure in Relation to Dental 
 Caries and Diseases of the Investing Tis- 
 sues," Arthur D. Black, Sec. VIII. 
 
p 
 
 Address, J. P. Buckley, Sec. V. 
 
 "Pain, Its Significance and Value as a Di- 
 agnostic Symptom, Its Advantages and 
 Disadvantages, and the Importance of Its 
 Alleviation and Prevention," E. T. Loeff- 
 ler, Sec. V. 
 
 "Superstitions of Dental Medicine," Gar- 
 rett Newkirk, Sec. V. 
 
 "The Surgical Treatment of Congenital 
 Cleft Palate," Chas. H. Oakman, Sec. 
 VI. 
 
 "A Few Thoughts on the Comparative 
 Anatomy of the Maxillary Sinus, Its Re- 
 lation to the Teeth, Mandibular Articu- 
 lation and Alimentary System," Mathew 
 H. Cryer, Sec. VI. 
 
 "What Is the Line of Occlusion?" (illus- 
 trated), R. Ottolingui, Sec. VII. 
 
 "The Use of the Angle- Young Lock and 
 Auxiliary Wires in Conjunction with the 
 New Angle Appliance" (illustrated), A. 
 P. Rogers, Sec. VII. 
 
 "Extracting of Deep-Lying Roots of Teeth 
 
 in Cases of Hemophilia and Gravidity" 
 (according to a method of his own), Th. 
 
 Weber, Sec. VIII. 
 "The Recesional Lines of the Pulp in Their 
 
 Relation to Operative Dentistry," H. G. 
 
 Chappel, Sec. VIII. 
 "Electricity as an Aid to Diagnosis," A. C. 
 
 Wherry, Sec. VIII. 
 Address, C. N. Johnson, Sec. X. 
 "The Present Status of Dentistry in the 
 
 Philippines," Louis Ottofy, Sec. X. 
 "Possible Reforms in Our Literature, Both 
 
 Periodical and Text-Book," Herbert L. 
 
 Wheeler, Sec. X. 
 "Ex-Presidents of the American, Southern 
 
 and National Dental Associations," J. P. 
 
 Marshall, Sec. X. 
 
 Friday, September 3, 1915, 9:00 a. 
 
 'The Educational Value of Oral Hygiene 
 in the Army," Edwin P. Tignor, Sec. IV. 
 
 'Report on Dental Clinical Work in the 
 Hospitals, Schools and Prisons in Manila, 
 P. I.," Louis Ottofy, Sec. IV. 
 
 'Making the Exposed Tooth Surfaces Slip- 
 pery — An Appeal to General Practition- 
 ers," Leander Van Orden, Sec. IV. 
 
 'Regeneration of Bone," Thos. B. Hartzell, 
 Sec. VI. 
 
 'Surgical Treatment of the Antrum of 
 Highmore," Adolph B. Baer. Sec. VI. 
 
 'Interdependence of the Rhinologist and 
 Oral Surgeon," Thomas E. Carmody, 
 Sec. VI. 
 
 'Further Research on the Influence of the 
 Occlusal Forces on the Development of 
 the Skull" (illustrated), L. W. Baker, 
 Sec. VII. 
 
 'An Attempt Towards Automatic Correc- 
 tion," L. Subirana, Sec. VII. 
 
 ''A Study of the Abnormal Overbite" (il- 
 lustrated), H. A. Pullen, Sec. VII. 
 
 "A Method of Surveying and Mapping the 
 
 Dental Apparatus" (illustrated), F. L. 
 Stanton and Dipl-ing Rudolph Hanan, 
 Sec. VII. 
 
 "Informal Talk on Inlays," E. S. Tracy, 
 Sec. VIII. 
 
 "Root Canals, Their Treatment, Prepara- 
 tion and Filling," F. W. Gethro, Sec. 
 VIII. 
 
 "Anoci Association in Dental Operations," 
 Richard Reithmiller, Sec. VIII. 
 
 "System Versus Empirical Methods in Op- 
 erative Procedure," Fred E. Hart, Sec. 
 VIII. 
 
 "Some Suggestions for Securing Adequate 
 and Uniform Dental Legislation," Homer 
 C. Brown, Sec. X. 
 
 "Commercialized Education and the 'Itiner- 
 ant Instructor,' " Herbert J. Samuels, 
 Sec. X. 
 
 "Preliminary Educational Qualifications for 
 Entrance to Dental Colleges," L. L. Bar- 
 ber, Sec. X. 
 
 "Aggressiveness and Protection in Dental 
 Publicity," Pearson Du Bose, Sec. X. 
 
Daily Program of Papers 
 
 Saturday, September 4, 1915, 9 :00 a. m. 
 
 'Sinuses of the Head," Arthur E. Burns, 
 Sec. I. 
 
 "Resistance and Dental Diseases," Percy R. 
 Howe, Sec. I. 
 
 "Changes Produced in the Circulation by 
 Nitrous Oxid-Oxygen," Theodore D. 
 Casto, Sec. I. 
 
 'The Agencies in Ohio Co-operating in a 
 General Hygiene Educational Campaign," 
 Homer C. Brown, Sec. IV. 
 
 'Hygiene of the Bucco-Dental Cavity as an 
 Important Auxiliary for the Prophylaxis 
 of the Incipient Bucco-Pulmonary Tu- 
 berculosis," Ernesto A. Dam, Sec. IV. 
 
 'The Importance of Mouth Hygiene Dur- 
 ing Infancy and Early Childhood," 
 Horace Howe, Sec. IV. 
 
 'An Ideal Cement for Stopping Root 
 Canals," Vincenzio Guerini, Sec. VIII. 
 
 'Peridental Anesthesia, Intraosseous Meth- 
 od," Frank L. Piatt, Sec. VIII. 
 
 'Technique in the Treatment of Pulp, Root 
 Canal and Periapical Areas" (illustrat- 
 ed), M. L. Rhein, Sec. VIII. 
 
 "Restoration of the Masticatory Functions 
 
 of Molars and Bicuspids with Carved 
 
 Gold Inlays" (illustrated), R. Ottolengui, 
 
 Sec. VIII. 
 Address, Ellison Hillyer, Sec. IX. 
 "Impression Material and Impressions," 
 
 George H. Wilson, Sec. IX. 
 "Artificial Restorations in Palatal Defects," 
 
 V. E. Mitchell, Sec. IX. 
 "Sensible Porcelain Crowns," J. Melville 
 
 Thompson, Sec. IX. 
 "Principles of Kitami's Rubber Plate 
 
 Work," Yukimasa Kitami, Sec. IX. 
 "Dental Literature," Garrett Newkirk, Sec. 
 
 X. 
 "Report on Dental Clinical Work in the 
 
 Hospitals, Schools and Prisons in Manila, 
 
 P. I.," Louis Ottofy, Sec. X. 
 "An Efficacious Means of Teaching Dental 
 
 Students the Anatomy of the Teeth and 
 
 Alveolus," Vincenzo Guerini, Sec. X. 
 "The Life and Works of Guiseppangelo 
 
 Fonzis," Vincenzo Guerini, Sec. X. 
 
 Monday. September 6, 1915, 9 :00 a. m. 
 
 "Anomalies in Dental Pulp Structure and 
 Their Relation to Clinical Work," V. A. 
 Latham, Sec. I. 
 
 Brief synopsis of paper entitled, "Investiga- 
 tion of Mottled Teeth ; an Endemic Af- 
 fection of the Enamel of the Teeth Not 
 Heretofore Known" (illustrated), Fred- 
 erick S. McKay, in collaboration with G. 
 V. Black. Sec. I. 
 
 "The Evolution and Development of the 
 Mandible," Alartin Dewey, Sec. I. 
 
 "Conductive Anesthesia." Arthur E. Smith, 
 Sec. V. 
 
 "Surgery of Chronic Alveolar Abscesses," 
 J. F. Biddle, Sec. V. 
 
 "Bad Root Canal Work— What Shall We 
 Do About It?" Howard R. Paper, Sec. V. 
 
 "Some Practical Uses in Dental Practice 
 for Tungsten and Molybdenum," W. A. 
 Price, Sec. VII. 
 
 "Dr. E. H. Angle's New Orthodontic Ap- 
 pliances" (illustrated). A. H. Ketcham, 
 Sec. VII. 
 
 "The Advantages of Early Treatment," 
 M. T. Watson, Sec. VII. 
 
 "The Successful Scientific Treatment of 
 Peridental Diseases," T. Sydney Smith, 
 Sec. VIII. 
 
 "Those Having Pyorrhea Alveolaris Can 
 Be Cured, but None of Our Patients 
 Need Have This Disease," Robin Adair, 
 Sec. VIII. 
 
 "Pyorrhea Alveolaris, Showing the Patho- 
 logical Changes Occurring in the Alveo- 
 lus, Based on Microscopic Observation," 
 Frederick Hecker, Sec. VIII. 
 
 "Emetin Hydrochlorid and Autogenous 
 Vaccines in the Treatment of Pvorrhea 
 Alveolaris," C. E. Frasier, Sec. VIII. 
 
 "Technique for Making Impressions and 
 Models for the Construction of Artificial 
 Dentures" (each step taken to be demon- 
 strated by motion pictures), W. A. Gif- 
 fen. Sec. IX. 
 
 "Crown and Bridge," H. J. Goslee, Sec. IX. 
 
 "Some Fundamental Things in Dental Pros- 
 thesis," J. Leon Williams, Sec. IX. 
 
 "The Normal Arch in Prosthodontia," J. 
 Leon Williams, Sec. IX. 
 
Tuesday, September 7, 1915, 9 :00 
 
 "Oral Sepsis as Related to Systemic Dis- 
 eases," W. H. Strietmann, Sec. II. 
 
 "Concerning Mouth Infections as Related 
 to Systemic Diseases," S. Mark White, 
 Sec. II. 
 
 "On Shot Fractures of Jaw Bones," Ru- 
 dolph Weiser, Sec. VI. 
 
 'Chronic Peridental Infections — The Value 
 of Blood Examination as a Diagnostic 
 Aid," W. H. G. Logan, Sec. VI. 
 
 'The Surgical Treatment of Trigeminal 
 Neuralgia," Harry M. Sherman, Sec. VI. 
 
 'Arthritis Deformans Due to Pyorrhea Al- 
 veolaris and Faulty Bridge Work," Harry 
 A. Goldberg. Sec. VIII. 
 
 'Mental and Co-operative Prophylaxis," C. 
 Smith Long, Sec. VIII. 
 
 'Pyorrhea Alveolaris," John S. Engs, Sec. 
 VIII. 
 
 "Emetin vs. Surgery in the Treatment of 
 Pyorrhea," Thomas B. Hartzell, Sec 
 VIII. 
 
 "A Plea for a Better Understanding of the 
 Morphology of the Human Face as Ap- 
 plied to Dental Prosthesis," Joseph Nalin, 
 Sec. IX. 
 
 "Some Phases of Vulcanite Work," H. S. 
 Haslett, Sec. IX. 
 
 "Comparative Crowns and Bridges," W. O. 
 Hulick, Sec. IX. 
 
 "Prehistoric Man, with Special Reference 
 to His Jaws and Teeth," J. Leon Wil- 
 liams, Sec. IX. 
 
 "The Development of Dental Service in 
 the Navy," Emory A. Bryant, Sec. X. 
 
 "Nomenclature," Arthur D. Black, Sec. X. 
 
 "Dentistry at Penal Institutions" (the Den- 
 tal Department at San Quentin Prison), 
 F. V. Simonton, Sec. X. 
 
 Wednesday, September 8, 1915, 9 :00 a. m. 
 
 "Radiographic Study of the Attachment of 
 Teeth of Lower Animals," Martin 
 Dewey, Sec. II. 
 
 'Pathological Conditions Found in the 
 Mouths of Some Children," M. Evange- 
 line Jordan, Sec. II. 
 
 'General Infections of Oral Origin," Harry 
 P. Carlton, Sec. VI. 
 
 'A Case of Acromegaly," Pehr Gadd, Sec. 
 VI. 
 
 'Osteoplastic Lengthening of the Lower 
 Jaw in Micronathy According to Von 
 Eiselberg's Method," Hj. von Bornsdorff. 
 
 'The Therapeutics of Radicular and Fol- 
 licular Dental Cysts," Rudolf Weiser. 
 Sec. VI. 
 
 'Etiology and Treatment of Oral Tumors," 
 Fulton Risdon, Sec. VI. 
 
 "Nerve Blocking; Its Use in Operative 
 Dentistry and Oral Surgery," B. R. East, 
 Sec. VI. 
 
 'Pyorrhea and the Emetin Treatment," H. 
 I. Horner, Sec. VIII. 
 
 "The Endameba Buccalis as Seen Through 
 
 the Microscope" (illustrated by moving- 
 picture film and lantern), H. Page Bailey, 
 Sec. VIII. 
 
 "The Technique and Instrumentation in 
 Prophylaxis and Pyorrhea" (illustrated 
 by moving-picture film). Maxwell M. 
 Dixon, Sec. VIII. 
 
 "Some Grave Errors in the Practice of 
 Crown and Bridge Work." Vincenzio 
 Guerini, Sec. IX. 
 
 "Simple Face Bow, for Taking the An- 
 terior-Posterior Length of the Jaw," 
 Alexander Manhood, Sec. IX. 
 
 "Home-Made Interchangeable Teeth for 
 Crown and Bridge Work," Alexander 
 Manhood, Sec. IX. 
 
 "The Mechanical Correction of Cleft Pal- 
 ate," Calvin S. Case, Sec. IX. 
 
 "An Office Building for Dentists." C. W. 
 Dickey, Sec. X. 
 
 "Organization of the Dental Corps of the 
 United States Army," Sec. X. 
 
 "Dental Society Organizations," E. S. Mc- 
 Cord, Sec. X. 
 
Magazit 
 
 JUNh, SONGS IN THE SIERRA 
 
 The Sierra Nevada forms the eastern wall of the wide San Joaquin valley. On its cold crown lies a rim of gladera. 
 
 Forests of sugar puie and silver fir cover its slopes, feeding the lumber man and the mills of grand rapids. 
 
 The gigantic Sequoia rises abo%e the pines and the Yosemite, drawing upward an endless stream 
 
 of H orshipers from all the w orld, sends down a singing stream of water to feed the ditches 
 
 far below 
 
Argue, J. E., clinic. 
 Atwood, W. A., clinic. 
 Adair, Robin, paper, clinic. 
 Avary, Hugh, clinic. 
 Ayres, Chas. S., clinic. 
 Batkin, Fred, clinic. 
 Bean, Geo. L., clinic. 
 Bridges, J. S., clinic. 
 Baker, James B., clinic. 
 Bogue, Edward A., clinic. 
 Boisol, Joseph W., clinic. 
 Bartlett, U. S., clinic. 
 Baker, R. Clifton, clinic. 
 Bischoff, J. M., clinic. 
 Bruhns, H. J., clinic. 
 Bell, W. G., clinic. 
 Bryant, Emory A., paper. 
 Barber, L. L., paper. 
 Bailey, H. Page, paper. 
 Black, Arthur D., paper, clinic 
 Bliss, F. W., paper. 
 Baker, L. W., paper. 
 Baer, Adolph B., paper. 
 Broomell, I. Norman, address. 
 Burns, Arthur E., paper. 
 Black, G. v., paper. 
 Brownlie, Ira C, paper. 
 Brown, Homer C., paper. 
 Buckley, J. P., address, clinic. 
 Biddle, J. F., paper. 
 Brophy, Truman W., address. 
 Bornsdorff, Hj. von. 
 Casto, Theodore D., paper. 
 Chayes, H. E. S., clinic. 
 Cryer, Mathew H., paper. 
 Craig, Thornton, clinic. 
 Carmody, Thomas E., paper. 
 Carlton, Harry P., paper. 
 Congdon, M. J., paper, clinic- 
 Carson, E. M., clinic. 
 Chappel, H. G., paper. 
 Case, Calvin S., paper, clinic. 
 Casaday, G. H., paper. 
 Carey, J. J., clinic. 
 Capon, Wm. A., clinic. 
 
 Carlton, H. P., clinic. 
 Carmany, Jas. N., clinic. 
 Chase, Samuel H., clinic. 
 Campbell, R. E., clinic. 
 Chesholm, William A., clinic. 
 Campbell, Dayton D., clinic. 
 Cline, Jean, clinic. 
 Conzett, John V., clinic. 
 Ducasse, Edward B., clinic. 
 Dewey, Martin, paper. 
 Dam, Ernesto A., paper. 
 Dunning, Henry Sage, paper. 
 Dixon, Maxwell M., paper, clinic. 
 Du Bose, Pearson, paper. 
 Dickey, C. W., paper. 
 Dunn, Robert, clinic. 
 De Mille, T. Carlyle, clinic. 
 Day, R. A., cHnic. 
 Dean, O. T., clinic. 
 Dean, O. S., clinic. 
 Eggert, H. V., clinic. 
 East, B. R., paper. 
 Engs, John S., paper. 
 Elliot, E. N., clinic. 
 Edgers, E. B., clinic. 
 Engstrom, C. J. R., clinic. 
 Frazee, O. I., clinic. 
 Fiset, C. F., clinic. 
 Fontaine, S. B., clinic. 
 Friesell, F. C, paper. 
 Frates, J. E., clinic. 
 Fitzgerald, W. H., paper. 
 Frasier, C. B., paper. 
 Ferrier, W. I., clinic. 
 Fletcher, Thos., clinic. 
 Federspiel, M. N., clinic. 
 Fisher, W. C, clinic. 
 Goodman, Nye White, clinic. 
 Green, L. C, clinic. 
 Gardener, J. A., clinic. 
 Gardner, W. S., clinic. 
 Grosley, Chas. P., clinic. 
 Giles, C. R., clinic. 
 Goslee, H. J., paper, clinic. 
 Godd, Pehr, paper. 
 
Alphabetical List of All Conthibtjtoks to Program 
 
 
 Giffen, R. B., paper. 
 
 Jones, J. C., clinic. 
 
 "^W^f 
 
 
 Gethro, F. W., paper, clinic. 
 
 Ketcham, A. H., paper, clinic. 
 
 '■v^JM 
 
 
 Guerini, Vincenzo, paper. 
 
 Kitami, Yukimasa, paper. 
 
 Is 
 
 
 Goldberg, Harry A., paper. 
 
 Kesler, F. H., clinic. 
 
 
 Giffen, W. A., paper. 
 
 Kerner, Geo. W., clinic. 
 
 
 Gallic, D. M., clinic. 
 
 Lang, J. Elton, clinic. 
 
 
 Hanazawa, Kanae, paper. 
 
 Latham, V. A., paper. 
 
 V^i' 
 
 
 Howe, Percy R., paper. 
 
 Loeffler, E. T., paper. 
 
 ^pi% 
 
 
 Harris, George Bailey, paper. 
 
 Logan, W. H. G., paper. 
 
 ^^'''^' 
 
 
 Hartzell, Thos. B., paper, clinic. 
 
 Long, C. Smith, paper. 
 
 ^^'f 
 
 
 Howe, Horace, paper. 
 
 Linne, A. B., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hanan, Dipl-ing Rudolph, paper. 
 
 Locke, Franklin H., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hart, Fred E., paper, clinic. 
 
 Moore, T. E., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hacker, Frederick, paper. 
 
 Mariotte, P. A., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Horner, H. I., paper. 
 
 McKay, Frederick S., paper. 
 
 
 
 Hillyer, Ellison, address. 
 
 Millberry, Guy S., paper, clinic. 
 
 
 
 Haslett, H. S., paper, clinic. 
 
 Marshall, John Sayre, address. 
 
 
 
 Hulick, W. O., paper. 
 
 McManus, Charles, paper. 
 
 
 
 Hoffman, Abram, clinic. 
 
 Mitchell, V. E., paper, clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hall, S. W., clinic. 
 
 Manhood, Alexander, paper, clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hurd, Everett M., clinic. 
 
 Marshall, John P., paper. 
 
 
 
 Hughes, W. R., clinic. 
 
 McCord, E. S., paper. 
 
 
 
 Heitman, F. W., clinic. 
 
 McMath, J. F., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hoover, W. A., clinic. 
 
 Merriman, A. F., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hinman, Thomas P., clinic. 
 
 McCoy, John R., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hoffman, E. C., clinic. 
 
 McDonagh, Andrew J., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hearne, R. L., clinic. 
 
 Marshall, Jay P., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Henshaw, Chas. H., clinic. 
 
 McGehee, W. H. O., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hussey, Samuel W., clinic. 
 
 Murray, B. A., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Haskell, L. P., clinic. 
 
 Mattice, C. M., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hall, Rupert E., clinic. 
 
 McCollum, B. B., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Harrison, W. L., clinic. 
 
 Mauk, E. H., clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hanford, W. H., clinic. 
 
 Muegge, V. C, clinic. 
 
 
 
 Hergert, F. W., clinic. 
 
 Noyes, Frederick Bogue, address. 
 
 y^ 
 
 
 Holmes, C. A., clinic. 
 
 Newkirk, Garrett, paper. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Hurd, E. M., clinic. 
 
 Nolin, Joseph, paper, cHnic. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Irons, R. B., clinic. 
 
 Novitzky, Josef, clinic. 
 
 y 
 
 
 Johnson, Arthur, clinic. 
 Jacobson, L. J., clinic. 
 Jordan, M. Evangeline, paper. 
 
 Neill, P. E., clinic. 
 Nyce, J. E., clinic. 
 Ottofy, Louis, paper. 
 Oakman, Chas. H., paper. 
 
 / 
 
 
 Johnson, C. N., address. 
 
 Ottolengui, R., paper. 
 
 
 Jackson, V. H., clinic. 
 
 O'Connel, clinic. 
 
 '^mh 
 
 
 Jarvis, C. F., clinic. 
 
 Power, Wm. B., clinic. 
 
 ^^m 
 
 
 Jarman, A. W., clinic. 
 
 Piperno, Arrigo, paper. 
 
 MEf 
 
 i 
 
 James, Austin P., clinic. Pullen, H. A., paper. 
 
 116 
 
 P" 
 
 
 
 
 
 'Olwil^'^ 
 
 — ^^^^^^^ 
 
 
 
 vnlBlir ■ c -" 
 
 ^ ^-^^S: 
 
 
Alphabetical List of All Contkibutors to Program 
 
 Price, W. A., paper. 
 
 Piatt, Frank L., paper, clinic. 
 
 Philpott, C. A., clinic. 
 
 Pease, Joseph Loran, clinic. 
 
 Peck, Arthur E., clinic. 
 
 Pague, Frank C, clinic. 
 
 Raiche, F. E., clinic. 
 
 Reinig, C. N.. clinic. 
 
 Ruyl, J. P., clinic. 
 
 Rasmussen, A. T., clinic. 
 
 Raper, Howard R., paper. 
 
 Risdon, Fulton, paper. 
 
 Rogers, A. P., paper. 
 
 Reithmiller, Richard, paper, clinic. 
 
 Rhein, M. L., paper. 
 
 Rule, R. W., clinic. 
 
 Rhodes, M. Thayer, clinic. 
 
 Simonton, F. V., paper, cHnic. 
 
 Skinner, paper. 
 
 Smith, Arthur E., paper, clinic. 
 
 Strauss, Oscar A., paper. 
 
 Strietmann. W. H., paper. 
 
 Sherman, Harry M., paper. 
 
 Stanton, F. L., paper, clinic. 
 
 Subirana, L., paper. 
 
 Simp.son, Clarence O., paper, clinic. 
 
 Smith, T. Sydney, paper, clinic. 
 
 Samuels, Herbert J., paper, clinic. 
 
 Schultheis, C. F., clinic. 
 
 Smith, H. W., clinic. 
 
 Sarrazin, Jules J., clinic. 
 
 Starr, C. T., clinic. 
 
 Shores, F. W., clinic. 
 
 Schmidt, H. H., clinic. 
 
 Smith, William C, clinic. 
 
 Sweeny, E. S., clinic. 
 
 Smith, Harry L., clinic. 
 
 Sitherwood, Geo. D., clinic. 
 
 Stansberry, C. J., clinic. 
 
 Steffens, J. F., clinic. 
 
 Sans, Homer, clinic. 
 
 Thompson, G. A., clinic. 
 
 Teruuchi, Noboru, paper. 
 
 Towle, S., paper. 
 
 Tracy, E. S., paper, clinic. 
 
 Thompson, J. Melville, paper. 
 
 Tenny, C. L., clinic. 
 
 Thompson, Theodore S., clinic. 
 
 Van Orden, Geo., clinic. 
 
 Van Orden, Leander. paper, clinic. 
 
 Williams, W. J., clinic. 
 
 Williams, J. Leon, paper, clinic. 
 
 Wilson, George H., paper, clinic. 
 
 Ward, Marcus L., address. 
 
 White, S. Mark, paper. 
 
 Weiser, Rudolph, paper. 
 
 Watson, M. T., paper. 
 
 Weber, Th., paper. 
 
 White, F. A., clinic. 
 
 Wherry, A. C., paper. 
 
 Wheeler, Herbert L., paper. 
 
 Winningham, M. A., clinic. 
 
 Wilson, C. E., clinic. 
 
 Weinberger, Bernhard Wolf, clinic. 
 
 Warboys, Chas. H., clinic. 
 
 Wenker, Raymond J., clinic. 
 
 Wallace, A. N., clinic. 
 
 Wilson, W. E., clinic. 
 
 Weirick, H. W., clinic. 
 
 Ward, A. W., clinic. 
 
 Watkins, J. C., clinic. 
 
 Weinstein, Louis J., clinic. 
 
 Walsh, Thomas H., clinic. 
 
 Williams, S. W., clinic. 
 
 Young, J. Lowe, address. 
 
 Diseases desperate grown 
 By desperate appliances are reliev'd 
 Or not at all. 
 
 —Hamlet, Act IV, Scene 3. 
 
All clinics, including lantern and moving 
 pictures given in connection with the 
 clinics, will be located on the fourth floor, 
 west end of the Auditorium. 
 
 There will be five clinic rooms 25 by GO 
 feet and one room for pictures 40 by GO 
 feet, X-Ray room, recovery room for pa- 
 tients, clinic committee room, telephone 
 room, and lavatories for men and women, 
 all on one floor. All clinic rooms will have 
 sky-lights allowing an abundance of light 
 to all parts of the room. 
 
 There will be six or seven chair and table 
 clinics given in a room. One room will be 
 used for progressive clinics. Each chair 
 will be surrounded with steps allowing 
 about thirty persons to view the clinic at a 
 time, there being an iron railing around 
 the chair to prevent crowding the operator. 
 Each operator will be provided with new 
 chairs, electric engines, bracket tables, in- 
 strument table, washstand, warm water, 
 soap, nail brush, towels and a push button 
 for call boy. There will also be an electric 
 sterilizer and sterilizing solutions in each 
 clinic room. 
 
 Each table clinic will be given on a table 
 upon a raised platform. There will be 30 
 chairs to each table clinic, allowing those 
 viewing same to be seated. Every half 
 hour groups viewing clinics will change 
 from one clinic to the next ; clinicians will 
 repeat their clinics, if possible; those not 
 able to will divide their clinics into steps, 
 
 explaining steps as the diflferent groups 
 view their clinics. This will not apply to 
 Progressive Clinics, I'yorrhea Clinics, Sur- 
 gical Clinics or Lantern or Moving Picture 
 Demonstrations. 
 
 Those wishing to view certain groups of 
 clinics will find on the fourth floor, west 
 end of the Auditorium, a table with clerks 
 in attendance who will furnish tickets to 
 the clinic desired. Clinics will commence at 
 1:30 p. m. Clerks will be in attendance at 
 I" o'clock for those wishing to get tickets 
 for certain clinics, as the number viewing 
 these clinics will be limited. 
 
 Tickets will be given out for that day 
 only. No tickets will be necessary for pro- 
 gressive .or moving picture clinics. 
 
 There will be a nurse in attendance at 
 the recovery room. The services of an an- 
 esthetist and an X-ray specialist will be 
 available to all clinicians. 
 
 The Panama-Pacific Dental Congress 
 will assume no responsibility for the result 
 of the operation nor for any damage claimed 
 to arise from any statement made by the 
 clinician herein listed. 
 
 The selling of instruments, materials or 
 appliances, or the distribution of circulars 
 or cards in the clinic rooms will not be per- 
 mitted. Any persons violating this rule 
 will forfeit the privilege of remaining in 
 the Clinic Hall. 
 
 All surgical clinics will be given in hos- 
 pitals and announcement will appear in the 
 daily program. 
 
 ^ 
 
 — -Ill,-- ^7 
 
l^ 
 
 Tuesday, August 31, 1915, 1:30 p. m 
 
 W. I. Ferrier, Burlington, Wash. — "Gold 
 Foil Operation, Using Fisher's Method 
 of Local Anesthesia for Cavity Prepara- 
 tion." Chair Clinic. 
 
 C. F. Schultheis, Oakland, Cal. — "Anal- 
 gesia." Humphrey's Inhaler Chair Clinic. 
 
 M. A. Winningham, Seattle, Wash. — "In- 
 traosseous Anesthesia." Chair Clinic. 
 
 C. E. Wilson, San Francisco — "Continuous 
 Gum Cases." Table Clinic. 
 
 H. W. Smith, Alameda, Cal. — "How to 
 Build Up Abutment on Fractured Root 
 for Richmond Crown." Table Clinic. 
 
 E. S. Tracy, Brockton, Mass. — "Some Ap- 
 plications of the Gilmore Attachments to 
 Partial Plates and Removable Bridge 
 Work." Table Clinic. 
 
 J. J. Carey, Honolulu, H. I. — "Richmond 
 Crown, Backing, Facing, Removal of 
 Coping and Dowel from Root and Sol- 
 dering Same." Table Clinic. 
 
 Jules J. Sarrazin, New Orleans, La. — 
 "Home and Chair Prophylaxis." 
 
 H. J. Goslee, Chicago, 111. — "Bridge Work." 
 Table Clinic. 
 
 V. H. Jackson, New York City— "Ortho- 
 dontia." Table Clinic. 
 
 Robert Dunn, San Francisco — "Orthodon- 
 tia." Table Clinic. 
 
 Hugh Avary, San Francisco — "Porcelain in 
 Crown Work." Table Clinic. 
 
 Wm. A. Capon, Philadelphia, Pa. — "Special 
 Porcelain Crowns for Bicuspids and Mo- 
 lars." Table Clinic. 
 
 T. Sydney Smith, Palo Alto, Cal— "Blood 
 Clot Method of Treating Periodontal Dis- 
 eases." Chair Clinic. 
 
 E. N. Elliot, Chicago, 111.— "Dental Medi- 
 cines." Table Clinic. 
 
 D. M. Gallie, Chicago, 111. — "Cavity Prepa- 
 ration." Table Clinic. 
 
 R. W. Rule, Oakland, Cal.— "Gold Foil Op- 
 eration in Upper Bicuspid or First 
 Molar." Chair Clinic. 
 
 C. T. Starr, Reno, Nev. — "Surgical Treat- 
 ment of Pyorrhea under Conductive An- 
 esthesia." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Josef Novitzky, San Francisco — "Root Am- 
 putations." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Bernhard Wolf Weinberger, New York 
 City — "Evolution of Orthodontia Appli- 
 ances." Table Clinic. 
 
 Abram Hoffman, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 S. W. Hall, Berkeley, Cal.— "Special Case." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 Fred Batkin, Oakland, Cal. — "Exodontia." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 H. P. Carlton, Oakland, Cal.— "Fischer's 
 Nerve Blocking." Table Clinic. 
 
 Everett M. Hurd, Portland, Ore. — "A Ta- 
 ble Clinic on the Gysi Anatomical Articu- 
 lation, Using Adaptable Articulation and 
 Trubyte Teeth." Table Clinic. 
 
 Geo. L. Bean, San Francisco — "Porcelain 
 Jacket Crown — A New Method." Table 
 Clinic. 
 
 J. P. Buckley, Chicago, 111. — "The Preven- 
 tion and Eradication of Local Infection." 
 Table Clinic. 
 
 Progressive Clinics, Total Demonstration 
 of the Various Steps in the Black Method 
 of Gold Foil Operations — by C. F. Jarvis, 
 W. R. Hughes, F. W. Heitman, F. H. 
 Kestler, M. J. Congdon, members of the 
 California Study Club of Alameda 
 County, California. 
 
 Wednesday, September 1, 1915 
 
 
 'Gold Inlay 
 
 -"Analgesia." 
 
 C. L. Tenny, Seattle, Wash.- 
 and Porcelain Combination 
 
 J. F. McMath, Oakland, Cal- 
 . Chair Clinic. 
 
 A. F. Merriman, Oakland, Cal. — "Hot 
 Water Obtunder." Table Clinic. 
 
 P. E. Neill, Nashville, Tenn.— "Vulcanite 
 with Finished Smooth Surfaces." Ta- 
 ble Clinic. 
 
 P. A. Mariotte, Oakland, Cal. — "Porcelain 
 Crown with Cast Gold Base and Prepa- 
 ration of Cast Gold Base for Standard 
 Abutments." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Edward B. Ducasse, Maison Blanche, New 
 Orleans, La. — "The Use of a Porcelain 
 Jacket Molar as an Abutment in Bridge 
 Work and Porcelain Gum Restoration." 
 Table Clinic. 
 
Progbam of Clinics 
 
 m 
 
 Chas. H. Warboys, Seattle, Wash. — "Por- 
 celain Angle Restorations." 
 
 C. A. Philpott, Boise, Idaho — "Prophylac- 
 tic Crown. Pyo-laxis." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Thos. Fletcher, San Francisco, Cal. — "Ce- 
 mented Pin Facings in Cast and Built- 
 up Crowns." Table Clinic. 
 
 T. E. Moore, Berkeley, Cal. — "Bridge 
 Work." Table Clinic. 
 
 John R. McCoy, Los Angeles, Cal. — "Or- 
 thodontia." Table Clinic. 
 
 J. S. Bridges, Chicago, 111. — "Original 
 Chemical Treatment for Pyorrhea." 
 Chair and Table Clinic. 
 
 Fred W. Gethro, Chicago, 111. — "Technic 
 of Root Canal Filling, Special Drawings 
 and Radiograph Reproductions." Table 
 CHnic. 
 
 W. A. Hoover, Gibson City, 111. — "Cast 
 Richmond Crown, Porcelain Facing." 
 Table Clinic. 
 
 Jas. W. Cormany, Mt. Carrol, 111. — "Sure 
 Retention of Upper Denture." Table 
 Clinic. 
 
 G. A. Thompson, Chicago, 111. — "Porcelain 
 Jacket Crown, and Perfect Contons 
 Bridge Work." Table Clinic. 
 
 Samuel H. Chase, Madison, Wis. — "Radio- 
 graphs and Specimens Showing Impacted 
 Teeth which Have Caused Systemic Dis- 
 orders." Table Clinic. 
 
 Geo. W. Kerner, Racine, Wis. — "Restoring 
 Vital Lower Posterior Teeth with Gold 
 Band and Porcelain Cusps." Table 
 Clinic. 
 
 A. T. Rasmussen, La Crosse, Wis. — "The 
 Rational Operation for Chronic Empy- 
 emia of Maxillary Sinus." Surgical 
 Clinic. 
 
 James B. Baker, Madison, Wis. — "Synthetic 
 Porcelain Fillings." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Raymond J. Wenker, Milwaukee, Wis. — 
 "Surgical Removal of Alveolar Foci with 
 Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen and also with 
 Fischer Method of Conductive Anesthe- 
 sia." Chair Clinic. 
 
 M. N. Federspiel, Milwaukee, Wis. — "Sur- 
 gical Correction of Cleft Palate, Intro- 
 ducing a New Method for Overcoming 
 Lateral Tension." Surgical Clinic. 
 
 Nye White Goodman, Los Angeles, Cal. — 
 "Porcelain Jacket Crown without the 
 Use of Facings." Table Clinic. 
 
 Leander Van Orden, San Francisco, Cal. — 
 (a) "Some Aid in the Placing of the 
 Rubber Dam." (b) "Cotton Rolls and 
 Cottonoid Combined for the Exclusion 
 of Moisture from the Dental Operator's 
 Field." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Gysi Progressive Clinic — Under direction 
 of F. W. Hergert, Seattle, Wash. ; C. A. 
 Holmes, C. J. Stansberry, E. M. Hurd. 
 
 L. C. Green, Chicago, 111. — "Extracting un- 
 der Local Anesthesia." Chair Clinic. Or 
 Table Clinic on extraction, with models. 
 
 Thomas P. Hinman, Atlanta, Ga. — "Con- 
 struction and Adjustment of Anterior 
 Porcelain Crowns." Chair Clinic. 
 
 A. Manhood, Santiago, Chile — "Home- 
 made Interchangeable Teeth for Crown 
 and Bridge Work." Table Clinics. 
 
 Joseph Loran Pease, Oakland, Cal. — "The 
 Dental Nurse, Aids and Conveniences." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 M. Thayer Rhodes, Berkeley, Cal. — "Com- 
 bination Cohesive and Non-cohesive Gold 
 Foil Operation." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Thursday, September 2, 1915 
 
 Walter R. Hughes, Oakland, Cal.— "Anal- 
 gesia." Clark Inhaler. Chair Clinic. 
 
 H. S. Flaslett, Pittsburg, Pa.— "Vulcanite." 
 Table Clinic. 
 
 Herbert J. Samuels, Oakland, Cal. — "Truss 
 Type Lingual Bar." Table Clinic. 
 
 Geo. H. Wilson, Cleveland, Ohio — "Full 
 Upper Plaster Impressions." Chair 
 Clinic. 
 
 Andrew J. McDonagh, Toronto, Canada — 
 
 "Demonstration of a Method of Restor- 
 ing Gum Tissue in Special Cases and 
 Peridontic Splint." Table Clinic. 
 
 R. E. Campbell, Berkeley, Cal.— "Back- 
 ings." Table Clinic. 
 
 A. W. Jarman, Philadelphia, Pa. — "Remov- 
 able Bridge Work." Table Clinic. 
 
 J. E. Nyce, New York, N. Y. 
 
 A. H. Wallace, Oakland, Cal.— "Simple 
 Construction of Porcelain Furnace, Por- 
 
 •^! 
 
 #•• 
 

 Program of Clinics 
 
 celain Inlay, Use of Glass Instruments 
 Burnishing Platinum Matrix." Chair 
 Clinic. 
 
 Thos. P. Hartzell, Minneapolis, Minn. — 
 "Principles Involved in Surgical Treat- 
 ment of Pyorrhea." Illustrated by mod- 
 els and lantern slides. Table Clinic. 
 
 Chas. S. Ayres, Oakland, Cal. — "Bridge 
 Construction." Table Clinic. 
 
 J. A. Gardener, Memphis, Tenn. — "Some- 
 thing New in Crown Bridge Work." 
 Table Clinic. 
 
 W. E. Wilson, San Diego, Cal.— "Ortho- 
 dontia." Table Clinic. 
 
 J. P. Ruyl, New York City — "Staining of 
 Porcelain Teeth." Table Clinic. 
 
 F. W. Shores, Oakland, Cal. — "Porcelain 
 Jacket Crown." Chair Clinic. 
 
 E. C. Hoffman, Plainfield, 111. — "A Simple 
 Yet Positive Method of Retaining Upper 
 or Lower Posterior Dentures." Table 
 Clinic. 
 
 William A. Chesholm, Anderson, S. C. — 
 "Baked Porcelain Seating for Detached 
 Post Crowns." Table Clinic. 
 
 T. Carlyle De Mille, Seattle, Wash.— 
 "Method of Correcting Defective Inlays." 
 Table Clinic. 
 
 Dayton D. Campbell, Kansas City, Mo. 
 — "Impressions, Hall or Green Method." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 Jay P. Marshall, St. Louis, Mo. — "Simple 
 
 and Complex Restorations with Berylite." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 W. H. O. McGehee, Cincinnati, Ohio— "A 
 New Cleft Palate Appliance and New 
 Technique for Constructing Same." Ta- 
 ble Clinic. 
 
 Vethake E. Mitchell, New York, N. Y.— 
 "Artificial Restorations in Congenital 
 Cleft Palate." Table Clinic. 
 
 Edward A. Bogiie, New York, N. Y. — 
 "Model Showing Arrest of Lateral De- 
 velopment." Table Clinic. 
 
 Joseph W. Boisol, Astoria, Ore. — "Crown 
 and Bridge Abutments Compatible with 
 Prophylaxis." Table Clinic. 
 
 Joseph Nolin, Montreal, Canada.— "Art in 
 Dentistry." Table Clinic. 
 
 U. S. Bartlett, San Francisco, Cal. — "Ex- 
 tracting under Nitrous Oxide and Oxy- 
 gen and Novocaine." Chair Clinic. 
 
 H. W. Weirick, San Francisco, Cal. — "The 
 Conservation of Badly Broken-Down 
 Posterior Teeth by Inlay Rather Than 
 Crown." Chair Clinic. 
 
 "The University of California G. V. Black 
 Club."— Fred E. Hart, C. B. Musante, 
 F. A. White, Guy S. Millberry, E. H. 
 Mauk, H. J. Bruhns, W. H. Hanford, 
 Thornton Craig, H. B. Irons, F. V. Simon- 
 ton, J. F. Steffens, V. C. Muegge, H. V. 
 Eggert, C. R. Giles, J. E. Frates, Homer 
 Sans, W. G. Bell, L. J. Jacobson. 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 Friday, September 3, 1915 
 
 Robin Adair, Atlanta, Ga. — "A Systema- 
 tized Method of Handling Pyorrhea 
 Cases." Table Clinic. 
 
 R. Clifton Baker, Los Angeles, Cal. — 
 "Curettment for Pyorrhea Alveolaris." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 Jean Cline, Portland, Ore. — "Pyorrhea 
 Alveolaris, Surgical Treatment." Chair 
 Clinic. 
 
 E. B. Edgars, Seattle, Wash. — "Prophy- 
 laxis Treatment." Chair Clinic. 
 
 W. C. Fisher, New York City— "Prophy- 
 lactic Treatment of the Necks of Teeth 
 in Pyorrhea Work." Chair Clinic. 
 
 R. L. Hearne, Seattle, Wash. — "Treatment 
 of Pyorrhea Alveolaris." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Chas. H. Henshaw, Des Moines, Iowa. — 
 "Treatment of Pyorrhea Alveolaris." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 Austin F. James, Chicago, 111. — "Diagnosis 
 of Pyorrhea Alveolaris." Chair Clinic. 
 
 A. B. Linne, Seattle, Wash. — "Pyorrhea 
 Treatment." Chair Clinic. 
 
 B. A. Murray, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 
 — "The Possibilities in the Treatment of 
 Pyorrhea Alveolaris." Chair Clinic. 
 
 F. E. O'Connel, Seattle, Wash. — "Pyorrhea 
 Splints." Table Clinic. 
 
 C. M. Mattice, Seattle, Wash.— "Pyorrhea 
 and Prophylaxis." Chair Clinic. 
 
 J. C. Jones, Portland, Ore. — "Surgical 
 Treatment of Pyorrhea Alveolaris." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
Program of Clinics 
 
 W. A. Atwood, San Francisco, Cal. — 
 "Treatment of Pyorrhea Alveolaris." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 C. A. Philpot, Caldwell, Idaho— "Treat- 
 ment of Pyorrhea Alveolaris." Chair 
 Clinic. 
 
 Arthur E. Peck, Minneapolis, Minn. — "Pro- 
 phylaxis and Toothbrush Instruction for 
 Our Patients." Chair Clinic. 
 
 C. N. Reinig, Seattle, Wash. — "Pyorrhea 
 and Prophylaxis." Chair Clinic. 
 
 H. H. Schmidt, Portland, Ore. — "Pyorrhea 
 Alveolaris." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Jules J. Sarrazin, New Orleans, La. — "In- 
 strumentation in Rigg's Disease Treat- 
 ment." Table Clinic. 
 
 Theodore S. Thompson, Portland, Ore. — 
 "Treatment of Pyorrhea Alveolaris." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 A. W. Ward, San Francisco, Cal. — "Pro- 
 phylaxis." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Frank C. Pague, San Francisco, Cal.— (a) 
 "Instrumentation, in Treatment of Pyor- 
 rhea." (b) "Use of Fine Linen Thread 
 for Movement of Teeth in Malocclusion 
 and as a Temporary Splint." (c) "Ex- 
 hibit of Cases Treated and Retention of 
 Bridges." Chair Clinic. 
 
 J. C. Watkins, Urnstom, Salem, N. C— 
 "Prophylaxis." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Arthur Johnson, Los Angeles, Cal.— "Py- 
 orrhea Alveolaris Treatment." Chair 
 Clinic. 
 
 Maxwell M. Dixon, Los Angeles, Cal. — 
 Moving Pictures of the Instrumentation 
 and Technique of Pyorrhea and Prophy- 
 laxis. 
 
 Monday, September 6, 1915 
 
 R. A. Day, San Francisco, Cal. — "Ortho- 
 dontia." Table Clinic. 
 
 S. B. Fontaine, Oakland, Cal.— "Oral Sur- 
 gery — Showing Radiographs and Speci- 
 mens of a Compound Follicular Odon- 
 toma. Results After Operation." Chair 
 Clinic. 
 
 John V. Conzett, Dubuque, Iowa — "The 
 Making of a Gold Inlay." Table Clinic. 
 
 J. M. Bischoflf, Stevens Point, Wis. — 
 "Splints and Stays in the Treatment of 
 Pyorrhea." Table Clinic. 
 
 Samuel W. H u s s e y , Berkeley, Cal. — 
 "Green-Supplee Method of Impression 
 Taking." Table Clinic. 
 
 L. P. Haskell, Chicago, 111.— "Flat Jaws, 
 Upper and Lower." Table Clinic. 
 
 Geo. Van Orden, San Francisco, Cal. — 
 "Prevention and Treatment of Pyorrhea 
 Alveolaris." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Arthur D. Black, Chicago, 111.— "Thorough 
 Mouth Examination, with Plan of Re- 
 cording Same." Table Clinic. 
 
 Rupert E. Hall, Houston, Tex.— "A Solu- 
 tion of the Centers of the Mastication 
 Apparatus." Clinic. 
 
 A. Manhood, Santiago, Chile — "Simple 
 Face Bow for Taking the Antro-Posterior 
 Length of the Jaw." Table Clinic. 
 
 A. E. Smith, Chicago, 111. — "Conductive 
 Anesthesia." Clinic. 
 
 Fred E. Hart, San Francisco, Cal. — "Stunts 
 in Crown and Bridge Work." Table 
 Clinic. 
 
 O. T. Dean, Seattle, Wash.— "Removal of 
 Impacted Third Molar." Clinic. 
 
 Franklin H. Locke, Oakland, Cal. — "Gold 
 Foil Operation." (Black's Method.) 
 Clinic. 
 
 Calvin S. Case, Chicago, 111.— "The Tech- 
 nics of Taking Impression of Cleft Pal- 
 ate." Table Clinic. 
 
 Louis J. Weinstein, New York, N. Y. — 
 "The Constitution and Application of a 
 Series of Improved Gold Alloy for Cast- 
 ing Crown and Bridge Work. Some New 
 Devices for Removing Bridge Work." 
 Table Clinic. 
 
 William C. Smith, Pasadena, Cal. — "An- 
 terior Expansion of Mixed Dentures, 
 Using the Angle New Appliance." Table 
 Clinic. 
 
 Thomas H. Walsh, Indianapolis, Ind. — 
 "Making of Gold Inlay." Table Clinic. 
 
 Frederick Lester Stanton, New York, N. Y. 
 — "Demonstrating of a Dental Surveying 
 Apparatus." Table Clinic. 
 
 Maude Tanner, San Francisco, Cal. — 
 "Temporary Bridge Work on Deciduous 
 Teeth." 
 
 ^^ 
 
Program of Clinics 
 Tuesday, September 7, 1915 
 
 C. J. R. Engstrom, Los Angeles, Cal. — 
 Denture Construction by the Gysi Meth- 
 od." Illustrated by motion pictures and 
 slides. 
 
 O. S. Dean, Oakland, Cal.— "Synthetic 
 Porcelain Fillings." Chair Clinic. 
 
 B. B. McCollum, Los Angeles, Cal.— "Gold 
 Inlays." Table Clinic. 
 Elton Lang, Los Angeles, Cal. — "Prepa- 
 ration of Root When Banded Crown Is 
 Indicated." Table Clinic. 
 
 J. Leon Williams, London, England — 
 "Classification of Teeth." Illustrated 
 by models and pictures. 
 
 J. E. Argue, Tacoma, Wash. — "Porcelain 
 Jacket Crown Operation, a Method of 
 Swedging the Matrix Direct." Chair 
 Clinic. 
 
 H. E. S. Chayes, New York, N. Y.— "Paral- 
 leling of Abutments for Bridge Work." 
 Table Clinic. 
 
 W. S. Gardner, Scranton, Pa. — "Accurate 
 Method of Contouring and Casting a Mo- 
 lar and Bicuspid Crown and Constructing 
 a Sanitary Bridge." Table Clinic. 
 
 Frank L. Piatt, San Francisco, Cal. — "Lo- 
 cal Anesthesia." Intraosseous Method. 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 Richard H. Riethmuller, Philadelphia, Pa. — 
 "Anoci-Association in Dental Opera- 
 tions." Chair Clinics. 
 
 C. F. Fiset, Seattle, Wash.— "Gold Foil 
 Operation in the Distal Surface of the 
 Upper Left Cuspid." 
 
 W. L. Harrison, Seattle, Wash.— "Gold 
 Foil, Cohesive and Non-cohesive Foil in 
 Combination." 
 
 E. S. Sweeny, Seattle, Wash. — "Gold Foil 
 Operation." 
 
 Harry L. Smith, Seattle, Wash.— "Gold 
 Foil Operation." 
 
 E. M. Carson, St. Louis, Mo. — "Proximal 
 Restoration, with De Trey's Synthetic." 
 Chair Clinic. 
 
 O. I. Frazee, Springfield, 111. — "Some Uses 
 of Gold Amalgam." Chair Clinic. 
 
 Chas. P. Grosley, St. Louis, Mo. — (a) "Va- 
 rious Forms of Cavity Preparation for 
 Inlay Abutments with Double Attach- 
 ments." (b) "A Very Accurate Inlay 
 Method without Casting." (c) "Treat- 
 ment of Gold Inlays That Do Not Fit the 
 Margins." Table Clinic. 
 
 Rupert E. Hall, Houston, Tex. — "Perfecti- 
 ble Impression with Plaster of Paris, 
 Demonstrating the Perfect Impression 
 with the Mouth Closed." Table Clinic. 
 
 Wm. B. Power, Seattle, Wash.— "Ortho- 
 dontia." Table Clinic. 
 
 Geo. D. Sitherwood, Bloomington, 111. — 
 "Cast Aluminum Crowns with Detachable 
 Porcelain Facings, Especially Adapted to 
 the Anterior and Bicuspid Teeth." Table 
 Clinic. 
 
 F. E. Raiche, Marinette, Wis. — "Removable 
 Bridge Work." Table Clinic. 
 
 Clarence O. Simpson, St. Louis, Mo. — 
 "Cavity Preparations and Cast Restora- 
 tions." Table Clinic. 
 
 S. W. Williams, Chicago, III. — "Novocain 
 in Dentistry." Table Clinic. 
 
 T. E. Moore, Berkeley, Cal. — "Inferior, An- 
 terior Bridge 'Porcelain Facings' on Vital 
 Teeth." Table Clinic. 
 
 W. J. Williams, Chicago, 111. — "Novocain 
 in Dentistry" — Table Clinic. 
 
 A. H. Ketcham, Denver, Colo. — "Ortho- 
 dontia." Table Clinic. 
 
 i^ 
 
 v^J 
 
 Even as a Surgeon, minding off to cut 
 Some cureless limb, before in use he puts 
 His violent Engins on the vicious member, 
 Bringeth his Patient in a senseless slumber, 
 And grief-less then (guided by use and art), 
 To save the whole, sawes off th' infected part. 
 
 — Du Bartas, Divine Weekes and Workes. 
 
pnw;^^ 
 
 From Lakeside Park, Oakland, showing, across a small arm of Lake Merritt, Oakland's 
 City Hall and a glimpse of her skyline. 
 
 "Along the west, the golden bars 
 
 Still to a deeper glory grew ; 
 Above our heads the few faint stars 
 
 Looked out from the unfathomed blue; 
 And the fair city's clamorous jars 
 
 Seemed melted in the evening hue." 
 
 The photograph reproduced herewith was taken by W. H. Weilbye, who holds the copyright 
 
"Open a little wider, please." 
 
 "That will do, I'm going to stand on the 
 outside." 
 
 That's a funny story, and so is the one 
 that jests about the dentist pulling a week's 
 salary along with a weak tooth, but in all 
 fairness to a good fellow let us analyze the 
 dentist. 
 
 First, he must be a man with a college 
 and technical education, serve an appren- 
 ticeship, and then if some one backs him 
 he may start out for himself. His equip- 
 ment should be just as complete the first 
 day as at the end of the first year, for he 
 cannot work without the proper "tools." 
 We rarely stop to consider how much de- 
 pends upon the dentist's two hands. In no 
 other pursuit are conditions quite so un- 
 favorable. A slight injury to his finger 
 will put him out of business. There is no 
 element in his profession that works while 
 he sleeps ; unless he is busy with his two 
 hands there is no income. Not so with the 
 lawyer, who may lose his hands and some- 
 times his head and still be a "paying" law- 
 yer. The prima donna may lose her voice 
 and still be able to make a grand clean-up 
 on a series of "farewell tours." The real 
 estate man's corner lot may make him a 
 fortune overnight. The physician's patient 
 may get well by secretly dumping his dope. 
 
 I sometimes wonder how men deliber- 
 ately choose a profession in which there is 
 but moderate compensation and absolutely 
 nothing to leave to wife and children. The 
 wholesale grocer may leave his business to 
 his son or daughter or wife to manage and 
 make money. Even the blacksmith is 
 likely to have several gross of horseshoes 
 made up that might yield a revenue should 
 his kin desire to continue the business after 
 he has gone; but when the poor dentist 
 goes and his hands are folded across his 
 breast, there is nothing left for any one; 
 there can be no successor. Another pair of 
 faithful hands, patiently toiling, may come 
 along and fill a need or a tooth, and then 
 pass on with nothing left for inheritance. 
 
 From this time on I shall take a diflfer- 
 ent slant at the dentist and look upon him 
 as one willing to make a sacrifice for the 
 benefit of those owning aching teeth. 
 
 I am sorry now I said to my dentist last 
 week that a man should go armed when he 
 visits the dentist, that he may protect him- 
 self when the dentist finds a sensitive spot 
 and insists on loitering and fussing about 
 that particular locality. 
 
 I realize now what a severe loss the den- 
 tist's family would sustain. I also realize 
 that when I make a mistake it is not 
 charged to me, but my employers kindly 
 bear the loss and let me off. Who ever 
 heard of any one paying for the dentist's 
 mistake? He gets it going and coming by 
 losing his time and the value of materials 
 as well. 
 
 I had my watch repaired the other day 
 and the jeweler asked me to bring it back 
 in a few days if it did not run on time. 
 This jeweler hired some one to repair my 
 watch, charged me a profit over and above 
 what he paid the workman to tinker with 
 my timer, and then put it up to me to look 
 after the watch he had been paid to repair. 
 In the end this jeweler will leave his busi- 
 ness to his family. 
 
 What a yell would go up if a dentist pur- 
 sued the same methods! I recall recently 
 my dentist putting on a crown. There was 
 one casting, one filling and one cementing. 
 When the dentist was satisfied with the 
 operation he said there would be a feeling 
 of fullness for a few hours, after which all 
 would be comfortable, and dumped me out 
 of the chair. He did not ask me about 
 what I paid him to find out, if the crown 
 was too long or too short. He knew his 
 profession and therefore knew the crown 
 was right and would produce the result 
 intended. 
 
 And to think this good man is unable to 
 pass along to some one else my good will 
 and my patronage, when the Youth's Com- 
 panion has been profitably published for 
 fifty years by Perry Mason when there 
 never was a Perry Mason. 
 
 'W 
 
San Francisco Views: 1— Entrance to Chinatown. 2— "Treasure Island." 3— The Donahn 
 Monument. 
 
^^^^1^^ 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 By Frank Morton Todd, 
 
 O R N a drowsy Spanish 
 hamlet, fed on the intoxi- 
 cants of a gold rush, de- 
 veloped by an adventurous 
 .Dmmerce and a baronial 
 a 54- r i c u It u r e , isolated 
 throughout its turbulent 
 history from the home lands of its diverse 
 peoples and compelled to the outworking 
 of its own ethical and social standards, 
 San Francisco has evolved an individuality 
 and a versatility beyond any other Ameri- 
 can city. 
 
 It mellowed the Puritan and disciplined 
 the Cavalier. It appropriated the song and 
 art of the Latin. Every good thing that 
 Anglo-Saxon, Celt, Gaul, Iberian, Teuton 
 or Mongolian had to offer, it seized upon 
 and made part of its life. 
 
 San Francisco is today peculiarly the 
 cosmopolitan city. Because its social ele- 
 ments are still so near their equal sources, 
 and opportunity still beckons every man of 
 talent, it is also the democratic city. And 
 in spiritual freedom and forward impulse 
 and the vivid hope of great achievement it 
 is the one renaissance city of the present 
 day. 
 
 In the early fifties, Horace Greeley said, 
 "Go West, young man," and the ambitious 
 young men have been going West ever 
 since. From New York a man goes west 
 to Chicago or St. Louis; from there it is 
 west to Denver or Salt Lake, while the 
 real West, the Pacific Coast, is usually 
 termed the Far West. 
 
 To an Englishman, a five-day transcon- 
 tinental trip in a Pullman is undoubtedly 
 looked upon as a gigantic undertaking. 
 What must it have been to the pioneer of 
 '49 who traversed the Midland Trail in 
 prairie wagons? 
 
 California is 750 miles long. Its coast 
 line is as long as the Atlantic Coast from 
 Boston to Charleston, South Carolina. In 
 area, California is equal to the combined 
 States of New York, New Jersey, Massa- 
 chusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, Maine, 
 New Hampshire, Connecticut and Ohio. 
 
 And yet there are only as many people 
 in California as there are in Chicago ! 
 
 Does that spell opportunity to you? 
 
 The population of California in 1910 was 
 8,317,549, an increase of 60.1 per cent over 
 that of 1900, when the State ranked twenty- 
 first in population. We now rank twelfth. 
 Japan with practically the same area sup- 
 ports over 40,000,000 people. 
 
 San Francisco bears the same relation to 
 the Pacific Coast that New York does to 
 the nation. For the year 1914, San Fran- 
 cisco ranked : 
 
 First in actual value of land and im- 
 provements per capita; third in average 
 capital per national bank; fifth in building 
 contracts; fifth in foreign imports; fifth in 
 total national banking capital; seventh in 
 foreign exports of domestic goods; eighth 
 in bank clearings; eleventh in number of 
 manufacturing establishments. 
 
 Over one-half the population are savings 
 bank depositors. 
 
 The total amount expended in the re- 
 building of San Francisco is equal to the 
 cost of the Panama Canal. 
 
 San Francisco has a lower percentage of 
 bonded debt to the assessed valuation than 
 any larger city in the United States. 
 
 Of the eleven principal cities of the 
 United States, San Francisco has the low- 
 est percentage of mortgage indebtedness on 
 real estate and the highest actual valuation 
 of land and improvements per capita. 
 
 We have across the bay the three cities 
 of Oakland, Alameda and Berkeley, with a 
 combined population of 300.000. There 
 are 60,000 people in Marin County to the 
 north and San Mateo County to the south. 
 
 The social life of San Francisco is all 
 that could be desired. Homes of all sizes, 
 descriptions and rentals may be secured to 
 suit one's needs. It is the greatest hotel 
 city in the United States in proportion to 
 its size, and is exceeded only by New York 
 in the number and accommodations. The 
 apartment house district has grown with 
 great rapidity of late. Cottages, bunga- 
 lows, homes on the installment plan, and 
 residences in restricted building tracts, all 
 can be found in desirable localities. 
 
 Clubs, both athletic and social, are nu- 
 merous. The Y. M. C. A. has a handsome 
 
WW 
 
 building near the heart of the city. 
 Churches of every description are to be 
 found. San Francisco is probably the most 
 cosmopoHtan city on the continent. The 
 largest French savings bank, library and 
 hospital outside of France, are located here. 
 Banks, newspapers and restaurants of every 
 nationality bespeak of flourishing residents 
 from all quarters of the globe. The thea- 
 ters are new and numerous. It is not un- 
 usual to get the Eastern attractions via 
 special train across the continent. The 
 hospitals and sanatoriums are equipped 
 with the best that the medical fraternity 
 can find. Patients journey to San Fran- 
 cisco from Alaska to Mexico to receive 
 medical attention. 
 
 According to the figures of the United 
 States Weather Bureau there are more 
 
 hours of sunshine yearly in San Francisco 
 than in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, 
 Chicago, Pittsburg or St. Louis. The aver- 
 age winter temperature is 51 degrees and 
 the average summer temperature 59 de- 
 grees. The lowest temperature ever offi- 
 cially recorded here is 29 degrees above 
 zero. Snow has fallen but six times in the 
 city's history. Flowers are sold in the 
 open air the year round at the principal 
 down-town corners. 
 
 Perhaps by now you have some concep- 
 tion of what "Going West" may mean to 
 you. To a city yet young, where a few of 
 the first settlers are still livfng, situated on 
 the largest land-locked harbor in the world, 
 where competition is welcomed — with cli- 
 mate, health and happiness, we bid you 
 enter. The Golden Gate bids you welcome. 
 
 "Better you had never come than say Farewell to San Francisco." 
 
 I 
 
 
 The Golden Gate of San Francisco, famous In song and story 
 Courtesy Traveler De Luxe 
 
The Classic Colonnade of the Palace of Fme Vrli rcfJiclcd m the clear waters of the Fine Arts Lagooi 
 
The Tower of Jewels rises, the dominant note of the Jewel City, its thousands of gems flash- 
 ing in prismatic devices under the concentrated glow from fifty searchlights. The recesses 
 of the colonnades upon its several terraces appear in an orange light; the columns are delicate 
 green. The "novagems," imitating every kind of precious stone, are so hung that they move 
 with the slightest stirring of the air; behind each is a tiny mirror. Increasing the glitterlns 
 mass of color. 
 
^^«e^^v^^,^|^ 
 
 The Panama-Pacific International Exposition 
 
 By the Publicity Bureau, Panama-Pacific International Exposition 
 Historical 
 
 HE Panama-Pacific Inter- 
 national Exposition has 
 ;n authorized by Act of 
 C'(ingress of the United 
 States as the nation's cele- 
 iration of the construction 
 and opening of the Pan- 
 ama Canal. It is officially located at San 
 Francisco, State of California, the central 
 and dominant harbor city of the Pacific 
 Slope of North America. By proclamation 
 of the President of the United States, the 
 nations of the earth have been invited to 
 participate therein. 
 
 The conduct of the enterprise is, by vir- 
 tue of the Act of Congress, confided to the 
 citizens of the State of California and of 
 the city of San Francisco. 
 
 In April, 1910, at a mass meeting of the 
 citizens of San Francisco, held in the Mer- 
 chants' Exchange Building, the first step 
 was taken, when, in a space of two hours, 
 a fund of $4,000,000 was raised by popu- 
 lar subscription. Later, by further pledges, 
 this was increased to $7,.500,000. 
 
 Amending their constitution, as an en- 
 abling act, the people of California voted 
 upon themselves a tax levy of $.5,000,000 : 
 and amending their charter, the citizens of 
 San Francisco voted upon the city a bond 
 issue of $5,000,000. By Act of the State 
 Legislature, the counties of the State were 
 authorized to levy a tax of not to exceed 
 6 cents on the $100 assessed valuation for 
 county displays, from which it is estimated 
 will be derived approximately $3,000,000. 
 Thus a sum of about $20,000,000 has been 
 raised entirely by the citizens of California, 
 to enable them properly to perform the 
 duties entrusted to them by the nation. 
 
 Actual construction work was publicly 
 begun October 14, 1911, President Taft 
 turning the first spadeful of earth ; and on 
 February 2, 1912, he made official procla- 
 mation of the celebration, inviting the na- 
 tions to join therein. 
 
 The colossal task of planning, construct- 
 ing and operating this great enterprise was 
 entrusted to an organization selected as 
 follows: 
 
 A committee of three, chosen by the 
 people of San Francisco, selected a com- 
 mittee of 300, representative of the entire 
 citizenry. That committee of 300 selected 
 a Board of Directors of thirty. The Board 
 of Directors chose its own officers and be- 
 gan work. 
 
 The Wonderful Exposition Site 
 
 It is doubtful if, anywhere in the world, 
 could be found a site for a great Exposi- 
 tion which surpasses or even equals this in 
 its combination of accessibility, scenic 
 beauty, and advantages. 
 
 It is a natural amphitheater with a floor 
 about three miles long and from a third to 
 a half mile wide, backed by low hills, 
 flanked at each end by Government reser- 
 vations and fortifications and fronting for 
 its whole length on the beautiful blue San 
 Francisco Bay. It lies just within the 
 famous "Golden Gate." It is about two 
 miles from the business center of San 
 Francisco and on the hills behind it is the 
 best residential district of the city. Mag- 
 nificent mountain and marine views sur- 
 round it. and whether the eye rests upon 
 sea or shore or city height, there is the 
 charm and thrill of impressive beauty. 
 
 The grounds comprise 635 acres, divided 
 into three sections. In the center are 
 grouped the eleven great exhibit palaces 
 and Festival Hall. To the west, spreading 
 fan-shaped along the bay, are located the 
 pavilions of foreign nations and the impos- 
 ing buildings of the States, while still be- 
 yond these are the livestock exhibit build- 
 ings and race track, covering 65 acres, the 
 aviation field, and the drill grounds, capable 
 of showing 10,000 troops in drill at one 
 time. To the east of the exhibit palaces lie 
 the 65 acres devoted to the amusement con- 
 cessions. 
 
 The distribution of the acreage is sum- 
 marized as follows: Concession district, 
 69.2 ; railway yards, wharves, and docks, 
 17.1; exhibit palace site proper, 217.3; 
 street railway terminals, 2.3 ; State pavilion 
 sites. 42.3 ; foreign pavilion sites, 49.7 ; 
 aviation field, drill grounds and race track, 
 
 L 
 
 ■^^^'ft?%^ 
 
''~7^^^;m:K 
 
 y/m/rM/r 
 
 37.7; livestock section, 24.3; life-saving sta- 
 tion, 1.1 ; United States Government ex- 
 hibit, 12.7 ; available for additional exhibits, 
 10.3; miscellaneous acres, 141. Total area 
 for definite purposes, 625 acres. 
 
 The Exposition Auditorium 
 Designed by Messrs. John Galen How- 
 ard, Frederick H. Meyer and John Reid, 
 Jr. The Exposition Auditorium is a four- 
 story construction of steel and stone and 
 graces the Civic Center of San Francisco. 
 It will be a lasting and beautiful monument 
 to the Panama-Pacific International Expo- 
 
 sition. The Exposition management has 
 paid over $1,000,000 for its erection and 
 the City and County of San Francisco has 
 paid $1,000,000 for the site. The main 
 auditorium of this building accommodates 
 13,000 persons. 
 
 Conventions 
 Over 500 conventions and congresses 
 have chosen San Francisco as their meet- 
 ing place in 1915. These cover a wide 
 range of subjects, and it has been esti- 
 mated that the attendance from delegates 
 and their families and friends interested 
 will reach at least half a million. 
 
 She sent for me in haste to come and see 
 What her condition for a cure might be. 
 Dear me! a patient — what a happy tone, 
 To have a patient and one all my own — 
 To have a patient and myself be feed. 
 Raised expectations very high indeed — 
 I saw a practice growing from the seed. 
 
 — Wm. Tod Helmuth, My First Patient. 
 
 The world-famous Greek Theater, at the University of California, Berkeley 
 Courtesy Traveler De Luxe 
 
 ^^ 
 
 .i***^ 
 
li 
 
"^'OfA:; 
 
 ^5-1 
 
 HOW TO SEE SAN FRANCISCO BY TROLLEY AND CABLE 
 
 Trolley Trip No. 1 
 
 Nob Hill, the Golden Gate, Land's End, 
 Sutro Heights, Sutro Baths, Cliff House 
 and Seal Rocks. 
 
 Take California Street cable car going 
 west, and transfer at Presidio Avenue to 
 trolley line No. 1, marked "Cliff," continu- 
 ing west on California Street. Return by 
 the same line, but omit the transfer coming 
 back. 
 
 Trolley Trip No. 2 
 
 Market Street, Park Panhandle, Affili- 
 ated Colleges and the Heights overlooking 
 the Sunset District and the Pacific Ocean ; 
 returning by the Twin Peaks Switch-back. 
 
 Take Hayes Street line No. 6, marked 
 "Ninth Avenue," at the Ferry, or any- 
 where on Market Street, going westward. 
 Returning, transfer at Ashbury Street to 
 car going south, and transfer again at 
 Eighteenth to Castro Street car No. 8, 
 going toward Ferry. Ask for your trans- 
 fer on boarding car. 
 
 Trolley Trip No. 3 
 
 Nob Hill, Chinatown, Fishermen's 
 Wharf, Crab and Fish Market, North 
 Beach, Marine Reporting Station of the 
 Chamber of Commerce, Immigration Sta- 
 tion, Custom House Station, Quarantine; 
 Latin Quarter, Portsmouth Square and the 
 Robert Louis Stevenson Monument, Hall 
 of Justice, Chinatown again. 
 
 Take "Market and Powell, Bay and Tay- 
 lor" cable car, north bound, at Market and 
 Powell Streets, or anywhere on Powell 
 Street, or by transfer from any Market 
 Street car, and go to terminus. Returning, 
 take trolley car marked "15," at end of 
 Powell Street, ask for transfer, and at 
 Kearny and Sacramento Streets change to 
 west bound cable. Ask for transfer again, 
 and at Powell change to any south bound 
 car. 
 
 Trolley Trip No. 4 
 
 Presidio Military Reservation and Expo- 
 sition Site at Harbor View, by way of 
 O'Farrell Street and the retail and apart- 
 ment house districts. Returning by Fill- 
 more Street Hill, Nob Hill and Powell 
 Street. 
 
 Take O'Farrell Street cable car at Mar- 
 
 ket and O'Farrell Streets, transfer at Union 
 Street to trolley car marked "Presidio," 
 west bound, and go to end of line. Re- 
 turning, change at Fillmore Street to car 
 bound south (up the hill) and at Washing- 
 ton Street change again to "Washington, 
 Jackson, Powell and Market" cable car 
 bound east. 
 
 Trolley Trip No. 5 
 
 Union Iron Works, Potrero Industrial 
 District, Islais Creek, Butcher Town, Bay 
 View, Six-Mile House and Visitacion Val- 
 ley; returning by way of the Mission. 
 
 Take Kentucky Street line No. 16, any- 
 where along Kearny Street, or at Third 
 and Market; ask for transfer, and ride to 
 terminus at Thirty- second Avenue South. 
 Change here to "Visitacion Valley, Rail- 
 road Avenue and Mission" line. Return- 
 ing, take "Cemeteries" car, No. 14, or San 
 Mateo car, east bound, the first of which 
 will take you down Mission Street, and the 
 second to Fifth and Market. 
 
 Trolley Trip No. 6 
 
 San Mateo by way of "The Mission," 
 Daly City, the Cemeteries, Tanforan, Bur- 
 lingame and Hillsboro. Returning by way 
 of San Jose Avenue and Guerrero Street. 
 
 Take San Mateo car at Fifth and Mar- 
 ket Streets. The fare to San Mateo is 
 twenty-five cents. Returning, pay twenty 
 cents to Daly City and there change to 
 Ocean View line No. 26, marked "Ferries 
 and Daly City (or Ocean View) via Mis- 
 sion, Guerrero Street and San Jose Ave- 
 nue." 
 
 Trolley Trip No. 7 
 
 Mission Street, the Mint, Postoffice, Na- 
 tional Guard Armory, Mission residence 
 and business district, great viaduct, Sutro 
 Forest, Ocean Avenue, Lake Merced, Sloat 
 Boulevard, Great Highway and the Ocean 
 Beach ; returning through Parkside and the 
 Sunset district, along south side of Golden 
 Gate Park by Switch-Back Railway on the 
 slope of Twin Peaks, down through "The 
 ATission" and the industrial district, to 
 Third Street and up to Market. 
 
 Take Ingleside line No. 12, on Mission 
 Street, going westward. Returning, trans- 
 fer at Thirty-fifth Avenue to Parkside car 
 
 i:^ -- 
 
II 
 
 going northward ; transfer again at Twen- 
 tieth Avenue and Lincoln Way to line 20, 
 "Ellis and Ocean" car going east; at 
 Waller and Stanyan, transfer to "Third 
 and Harrison and Park" car, going east; 
 at Third Street transfer to any Third 
 Street car bound north, to Third and Mar- 
 ket Streets. Ask for your transfer when 
 you board the cars. 
 
 Trolley Trip No. 8 
 
 Buena Vista Park, and view over city, 
 bay and ocean. 
 
 Take Haight Street line No. 7, on Mar- 
 ket Street, and get off at Buena Vista Park 
 entrance, opposite the end of Lyon Street. 
 Return by the same way. 
 
 Trolley Trip No. 9 
 
 By the sightseeing car of the United 
 Railroads. Fare, 75 cents, which includes 
 entrance fee to Sutro Museum and Baths. 
 
 Lower Market Street, Post Street and 
 the retail district. Union Square, Dewey 
 Monument, Presidio, Golden Gate, Land's 
 End, Sutro Baths and Museum, Cliff 
 House and Seal Rocks, Lincoln Park, Fort 
 Miley, Golden Gate Park, Park Panhandle, 
 Ashbury Heights, Affiliated Colleges, Mis- 
 sion Dolores, through the Mission district 
 and back to Market Street. 
 
 Car leaves its station inside Ferry Loop 
 at 10 a. m. and 2 p. m., and makes a stop 
 at Montgomery, Post and Market Streets 
 at 10 :05 a. m. and at 2 :05 p. m. 
 
 POINTS OF INTEREST IN SAN FRANCISCO AND LINES 
 
 OF CARS BY WHICH THEY MAY MOST 
 
 READILY BE REACHED 
 
 Angel Island, Goat Island, Alcatras Island 
 — These insular military reservations are 
 reached by Government steamer, on the bay. 
 A pass is required, obtainable from the 
 quartermaster at the Presidio. To land at 
 Alcatraz (the military prison), an additional 
 pass from the commanding officer at the 
 Presidio is necessary. 
 
 Affiliated Colleges— At Third and Par- 
 nassus Avenues. Can be reached by Hayes 
 No. 6. 
 
 Baker's Beach — South part of west shore 
 of Presidio, to bluffs north of Lincoln Park. 
 Can be reached by Sutter and California 
 No. 1, marked "Cliff." 
 
 Baseball Grounds — At Fifteenth and Va- 
 lencia Streets. Can be reached by Valencia 
 No. 9, Guerrero No. 10, Eighteenth and 
 Park line (no number). 
 
 Buena Vista Park — Lies south from 
 Haight Street, between Broderick and Ma- 
 sonic Avenue. Reached by Haight No. 7 
 and Hayes No. G. 
 
 California Development Board's Exhibit 
 of California Products — Ferry building, 
 foot of Market Street. Can be reached by 
 any Market or Mission Street car, or Sac- 
 
 ramento Street line, or Union Street line, 
 running eastward, or municipal car lines, 
 A, B, C, D and E. 
 
 California Market — On California Street, 
 between Kearny and Montgomery. Reached 
 by Kearny No. 15, Kentucky No. 16, Tenth 
 and Montgomery (no number), and by 
 California Street cable. 
 
 Chinatown — From Kearny to Stockton, 
 and California to Pacific Streets. Reached 
 by Kearny No. 15, Kentucky No. 16, Tenth 
 and Montgomery (no number), Sacramento 
 cable and California Street cable. 
 
 Cliff House — At Forty-ninth Avenue and 
 Ocean Boulevard. Reached by Sutter and 
 California No. 1, marked "Cliff," Sutter and 
 Clement No. 2, McAllister No. 5, Ellis and 
 Ocean No. 20, and by Geary Street munici- 
 pal line. 
 
 Free Library — Hayes and Franklin 
 Streets. Can be reached by Hayes No. 6. 
 
 Fort Mason — From Van Ness Avenue to 
 Laguna Street, and Bay Street to the beach. 
 Can be reached by the Polk Street line (no 
 number), municipal car lines F and H, and 
 by O'Farrell, Hyde and Jones Street cable. 
 
Ferry Building — Foot of Market Street. 
 Can be reached by the following lines direct, 
 and from intersecting lines by transfer: 
 Turk and Eddy No. 4, McAllister No. 5, 
 Hayes No. 6, Haight No. 7, Market No. 8, 
 Valencia No. 9, Guerrero No. 10, Mission 
 and Twenty-fourth No. 11, Ingleside No. 
 18, Cemeteries No. 14, Ocean View No. 26, 
 Kentucky No. 16, Howard (no number), 
 Folsom (no number), Harrison (no num- 
 ber), and Sacramento cable (no number), 
 municipal car lines A, B, C, D and E. 
 
 Fort Winfield Scott — An old-time relic of 
 early days. Stands at the entrance of the 
 Golden Gate and is garrisoned by a small 
 number of soldiers. It is equipped with old- 
 style guns, and is a most interesting relic. 
 One must have a pass from the command- 
 ing officer to obtain admission. 
 
 Golden Gate Park — Reached by Turk and 
 Eddy No. 4, Hayes No. 6. Ellis and Ocean 
 No. 20, McAllister No. 5, Haight No. 7, 
 Hayes and Ellis No. 21, Eighteenth and 
 Park (no number), and by municipal line 
 A. 
 
 Hall of Justice — Kearny, between Wash- 
 ington and Clay Streets. Can be reached 
 by Third and Kearny No. 15, Kentucky No. 
 16, Tenth and Montgomery line (no num- 
 ber). 
 
 Hunter's Point Drydo'cks — Between First 
 and Third Avenues South and the bay. 
 Nearest point reached by the Kentucky line 
 No. 16. Get off at Revere Avenue and walk 
 southeast on Revere. 
 
 Ingleside — Northeast of Lake Merced. 
 Can be reached by the Ingleside No. 12 and 
 the Parkside line (no number). 
 
 Latin Quarter — Can be reached by Pre- 
 sidio and Ferries (Union Street) line, Third 
 and Kearny No. 15, Kentucky No. 16, and 
 Powell cable line (no number). 
 
 Lake Merced — (See Ingleside). 
 
 Lincoln Park — At Thirty-third Avenue 
 and Clement Street. Can be reached by 
 Sutter and California No. 1, and Sutter and 
 Clement No. 2. 
 
 Lone Mountain — Between Masonic and 
 Parker Avenues, St. Rose's Avenue 
 
 Turk Street. Can be reached by Sutter and 
 Clement No. 2, and McAllister No. 5, and 
 by municipal lines A, B and C. 
 
 Mining Bureau — Ferry Building, foot of 
 Market Street. Open 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. A 
 very valuable collection of mineral speci- 
 mens. 
 
 Mint — West side of Fifth Street, corner 
 Mission Street. The Mint has one of the 
 finest numismatic collections in the world. 
 It can coin a million ounces a month, and 
 employs 130 men and 42 women. Public 
 admitted free, 9 to 11:30 a. m. and 12:30 
 to 2 :30 p. m. 
 
 Mission Dolores — At Sixteenth and Do- 
 lores Streets. Take Market Street line No. 
 8, transfer at Church Street to Fillmore and 
 Sixteenth line No. 22, south bound, and get 
 off at Sixteenth Street. Can be reached by 
 Guerrero line No. 10, Eighteenth and Park 
 line (no number), Fillmore and Sixteenth 
 line No. 22, and Mission and Richmond line 
 No. 24. 
 
 Nob Hill — Between California and Wash- 
 ington Streets, and Powell and Leaven- 
 worth. Reached by the Powell cable and 
 Sacramento cable (no numbers) ; also by 
 California Street cable. 
 
 Pacific Heights — Can be reached by Sut- 
 ter and Jackson No. 3, Washington and 
 Jackson cable (no number), and Pacific 
 Avenue cable (no number). 
 
 Pacific Mail Dock — Located at foot of 
 Second Street. Can be reached by a short 
 walk from Third and Kearny No. 15, Ken- 
 tucky No. 16, and First and Fifth Streets 
 line (no number), and the Bryant Street 
 line (no number). 
 
 Panama-Pacific International Exposition 
 — At Harbor View, from Fort Mason to the 
 Presidio, and from the water half a mile 
 inland. Take any Sutter Street car, 
 municipal lines D, E, F and H, and trans- 
 fer to Fillmore. To reach State and 
 foreign buildings in the Presidio, take 
 Presidio and Ferries car (Union Street 
 line) from the Ferry, or on transfer from 
 the O'Farrell Street line, and go to termi- 
 nus. 
 
glu) 
 
 CEDARS OF' LKBANON 
 
 Flat-Topped Cypresses, Found Nowhere Else In America, Though Known in Japan and 
 
 Called In Palestine the Cedars of Lebanon, on the Bold Promontories of the Monterey 
 
 Coast Along the Spectacular Forty Miles of the Del Monte Drive 
 
 TpffT^ 
 
Postoffice — This elegant building, at the 
 corner of Seventh and Mission Streets, was 
 completed in 1905, and is one of the most 
 elegant and substantial structures west of 
 the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 Presidio of San Francisco — Reached by 
 Sixteenth and Fillmore line No. 23, and 
 Sutter and Jackson line No. 3. Also by 
 municipal E (Union Street) line start- 
 ing at the Ferry Building, or by trans- 
 fer at Hyde and Union from Hyde and 
 O'Farrell Street line, or at Polk and Vallejo 
 from Polk Street line. 
 
 Russian Hill — From Leavenworth to Lar- 
 kin, and Union to Chestnut Street. Reached 
 by Ninth and Polk line (no number). 
 
 State Mining Bureau and Mineral Mu- 
 seum — Ferry Building, foot of Market 
 Street. Can be reached by any Market 
 or Mission Street car. or Sacramento Street 
 line, or Union Street line, running east- 
 ward, or municipal car lines A, B, C, D 
 and E. 
 
 Sutro Baths and Museum — (See Cliff 
 House). 
 
 Telegraph Hill — (Nearest approach) 
 Third and Kearny No. 15. The easiest 
 ascent is eastward on Greenwich Street, 
 from Powell. 
 
 Temporary City Hall — Between Eighth 
 and Ninth Streets on Market. Can be 
 reached by Market No. 8, Haight No. 7, 
 
 Valencia No. 9, Hayes No. 6, and Ninth and 
 Polk Streets No. 19. 
 
 Third and Tmvnsend Depot — Reached by 
 Third and Kearny No. 15, Kentucky No. 16, 
 Ellis and Ocean No. 20, Harrison (no num- 
 ber) from the ferry. 
 
 Twin Peaks — Reached by the Eighteenth 
 and Park line (no number). 
 
 Union Iron Works — Located at Twen- 
 tieth and Illinois Streets. Reached by Ken- 
 tucky No. 16. 
 
 United States Mint— At Fifth and Mis- 
 sion Streets. Reached by Turk and Eddy 
 No. 4, McAllister No. 5, Hayes No. 6, 
 Haight No. 7, Market No. 8, Valencia No. 
 9, Guerrero No. 10, Mission and Twenty- 
 fourth No. 11, Ingleside No. 12, Cemeteries 
 No. 14, Ocean View No. 26, and San Bruno 
 No. 23. 
 
 U. S. Custom House, and Appraiser's 
 Building — Located between Sansome and 
 Battery, Washington and Jackson Streets. 
 Reached by Sacramento cable (no number). 
 Sixth and Sansome (no number), and Pre- 
 sidio and Ferries (Union Street). 
 
 U. S. Court House and Postoffice Build- 
 ing — At Seventh and Mission Streets. 
 Reached by McAllister No. 5, Hayes No. 6, 
 Haight No. 7, Market No. 8, Valencia No. 
 9, Guerrero No. 10, Mission and Twenty- 
 fourth No. 11, Ingleside No. 12, Cemeteries 
 No. 14, Mission No. 18, and Ocean View 
 No. 26. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 SHOET OUT-OF-TOWN TRIPS 
 
 Mt. Tamalpais and Muir Woods: Start 
 from Ferry Depot via boat. 
 
 Triangle Trip via Northwestern Pacific 
 Railroad: Via boat from Ferry Depot. 
 
 Ocean Shore Scenic Trip : Depot Twelfth 
 and Mission Streets. 
 
 Key Trolley Trip via Key Route : Via 
 boat from Ferry Depot. 
 
 Mare Island (U. S. Navy Yard) and 
 Napa Valley Electric Route: Monticello 
 Steamship Co.. from Clay Street Wharf. 
 
 Down the Peninsula : Via S. P. train. 
 Third and Townsend Streets, or by United 
 Railroads' Electric Line. 
 
 Netherland Route, Sacramento River: 
 From Pacific Street Wharf. 
 
 Triple S Trip, San Francisco, Sacra- 
 mento, Stockton; California Transportation 
 Co., from Jackson Street Pier. 
 
 Mt. Hamilton Observatory: From San 
 Jose. 
 
 Before you leave California, see Lake 
 Tahoe, Mariposa Big Trees, The Yosemite 
 Valley, American River Canyon, Lake 
 County's Alpine scenery, Mt. Shasta, The 
 Geysers, Desolation Valley, Catalina Island, 
 Southern California, Mission San Juan 
 Bautista, Santa Cruz, Monterey Bay and 
 Redwood Big Tree Grove. 
 
ft 
 
 
 i 
 
 BIG BROTHER TO ITALIAN LAKES 
 
 Lake Tahoe, A Gigantic Jewel Set in the Snowy Granite of the Sierra Nevada 
 
 Mountains on the California-Nevada Boundary 
 
 Courtesy Sunset Magazine. 
 
'MB^W^^^^i^^^^^mm: 
 
 i'<^^^'^'^' 
 
 TELEGEAPH, CABLE AND EXPEESS OFFICES 
 
 Western Union Telegraph Co. Main of- 
 fice, Pine and Montgomery. Messages can 
 be telephoned in by calling for "Western 
 Union." Always open. 
 
 American District Telegraph Company 
 messengers furnished at all Western Union 
 offices. 
 
 Federal Telegraph Co., Merchant's Ex- 
 change Building ; 9 a. m. to 5 :30 p. m. 
 
 149 Montgomery ; 7 a. m. to 8 p. m. ; Sun- 
 days, 10 a. m. to 2 p. m., and 4 p. m. to 8 
 p. m. 
 
 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. of 
 America, Merchants' Exchange Building. 
 Office 8:30 to 5:30. Station always open. 
 
 Postal Telegraph Cable Co., northeast 
 corner Market and Battery (main office). 
 
 Express Offices 
 Adams Express Co. Tracing, delivery 
 and claim department, 54 Post Street. 
 Wagon and call department. Ferry Building. 
 Money orders, travelers' checks, foreign 
 postal remittances, money paid by telegraph. 
 
 Globe Express Co. Tracing, delivery and 
 claim department, 54 Post Street. General 
 Superintendent's office, Mills Building. 
 Wagon and call department. Ferry Building. 
 Money orders, travelers' checks, foreign 
 postal remittances, money paid by telegraph. 
 
 Wells Fargo & Co. Main office, Second 
 and Mission Streets. Money orders, trav- 
 elers' checks, foreign postal remittances, 
 money paid by telegraph. 
 
 m 
 
 Mm 
 
 i 
 
 tnNI'7 
 
 li 
 
 HOSPITALS AND SANATORIUMS 
 
 The hospitals and sanatoriums of San 
 Francisco are all new and of modern steel 
 frame, fireproof construction. Many of 
 them have training schools for nurses in 
 connection therewith. 
 
 The City and County Hospital, now about 
 complete, under a two and a half million 
 dollar bond issue, will comprise three dis- 
 tinct groups of buildings: the main group, 
 the tuberculosis group, and the infectious 
 group, with total accommodations for 853 
 beds. 
 
 The main group consists of the Adminis- 
 tration Building, the Nurses' Home, four 
 Ward Buildings, Service Building, Power 
 House and Laundry, and the Morgue. 
 
 The principal hospitals of San Francisco, 
 with their addresses, are as follows: 
 
 Adler Sanatorium, Broadway and Van 
 Ness Avenue. 
 
 *Children's Hospital, California and Ma- 
 ple Streets. 
 
 *City and County Hospital, Potrero Ave- 
 nue, between Twenty-first and Twenty- 
 third. 
 
 French Hospital, Geary Street, between 
 Fifth and Sixth Avenues. 
 
 *German Hospital, Noe, between Duboce 
 Avenue and Fourteenth. 
 
 *Hahnemann Hospital, California and 
 Maple S treets. 
 
 ♦Have training school for nurses. 
 
 Isolation Hospital, Army and De Haro. 
 
 *Lane Hospital, Clay and Webster 
 Streets. 
 
 ♦Mount Zion Hospital, Post and Scott 
 Streets. 
 
 *McNutt Hospital, Pine and Hyde 
 Streets. 
 
 Quarantine Hospital, Angel Island. 
 
 Southern Pacific Hospital, Fell and Baker 
 Streets. 
 
 *St. Francis Hospital, Hyde and Bush 
 Streets. 
 
 *St. Luke's Hospital, Twenty-seventh and 
 Valencia Streets. 
 
 *St. Mary's Hospital, Stanyan and Hayes 
 Streets. 
 
 *St. Winifred's Hospital, 1065 Sutter 
 Street. 
 
 Trinity Hospital, 1560 Page Street. 
 
 United States Marine Hospital, Four- 
 teenth and Lake Streets. 
 
 Letterman General Hospital (U. S. 
 Army), Presidio. 
 
 Florence N. Ward Sanatorium, Bush and 
 Hyde Streets. 
 
 *University of California Hospital, Sec- 
 ond and Parnassus Avenues. 
 
 Morton Hospital, 775 Cole Street. 
 
 St. Joseph's Hospital, Park Hill and 
 Buena Vista Avenues. 
 

 Five Emergency Hospitals are as follows : 
 Central Emergency Hospital, Stevenson 
 
 Street near Eighth. 
 
 Harbor Emergency Hospital, 7 Clay 
 
 Street. 
 
 Park Emergency Hospital, Stanyan 
 Street near Waller. 
 
 Potrero Emergency Hospital, 1152 Ken- 
 tucky Street. 
 
 Mission Emergency Hospital, Twenty- 
 third Street and Potrero Avenue. 
 
 CHURCHES 
 
 ^1 
 
 First Baptist, junction of Market, Octa- 
 via and Waller Streets. 
 
 Hamilton Square Baptist, Post Street, be- 
 tween Fillmore and Steiner. 
 
 First Christian, Duboce Avenue and Noe 
 Street. 
 
 West Side Christian, Bush Street, be- 
 tween Scott and Divisadero. 
 
 First Church of Christ, Scientist, Cali- 
 fornia and Franklin Streets. 
 
 First Congregational Church, Post and 
 Mason Streets. 
 
 Mission Congregational, Nineteenth and 
 Dolores Streets. 
 
 Grace Cathedral (Episcopal), Taylor and 
 Sacramento Streets. 
 
 Trinity Church (Episcopal), Bush and 
 Gough Streets. 
 
 St. Luke's Holy Catholic, Van Ness Ave- 
 nue and Clay Street. 
 
 Eastern Orthodox Catholic, Van Ness 
 Avenue and Green Street. 
 
 Temple Emaiiu-el (Hebrew), Sutter 
 Street, between Stockton and Powell. 
 
 Temple Israel (Hebrew), California and 
 Webster Streets. 
 
 Geary Street Temple (Hebrew), Geary 
 Street, near Fillmore. 
 
 First English Lutheran, Geary Street, 
 between Gough and Octavia. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran, St. Paul's, Eddy 
 and Gough Streets. 
 
 First Methodist Episcopal, Clay and Lar- 
 kin Streets. 
 
 Central Methodist Episcopal, O'Farrell 
 and Leavenworth Streets. 
 
 California Street Methodist Episcopal, 
 California and Broderick Streets. 
 
 Grace Methodist Episcopal, Twenty-first 
 and Capp Streets. 
 
 Calvary Presbyterian, Jackson and Fill- 
 more Streets. 
 
 First Presbyterian, Van Ness Avenue and 
 Sacramento Street. 
 
 St. John's Presbyterian, Arguello Boule- 
 vard and Lake Street. 
 
 Trinity Presbyterian, Twenty-third and 
 Capp Streets. 
 
 First United Presbyterian, Golden Gate 
 Avenue, between Steiner and Pierce Streets. 
 
 St. Mary's (CathoHc), Van Ness Avenue 
 and O'Farrell Street. 
 
 St. Mary's (Catholic), Grant Avenue and 
 California Street. 
 
 St. Francis of Assisium (Catholic), Co- 
 lumbus Avenue and Vallejo Street. 
 
 St. Patrick's (Catholic), 744 Mission 
 Street. 
 
 St. Ignatius (Catholic), Hayes and 
 Schrader Streets. 
 
 St. Boniface (German Catholic), Golden 
 Gate Avenue, between Jones and Leaven- 
 worth. 
 
 Mission Dolores (Catholic), Sixteenth 
 and Dolores Streets. 
 
 Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe (Catholic), 
 Broadway, between Powell and Mason 
 Streets. 
 
 St. Dominic's (Catholic), Pierce and 
 Bush Streets. 
 
 Sts. Peter and Paul's (Catholic), Grant 
 Avenue and Filbert Street. 
 
 Second New Jerusalem Church (Sweden- 
 borgian), Lyon and Washington Streets. 
 
 First Unitarian, Geary and Franklin 
 Streets. 
 
GENERAL INFORMATION 
 
 AUTOMOBILE RATES 
 Carrying Not More Than Four Passengers 
 First one-half hour or fraction thereof, $2.00 ; 
 for each hour thereafter at the rate of, per hour. 
 Excepting: From the Ferry at the east end 
 of Market Street or from Third and Townsend 
 Streets, or other ferry steamboat or railway de- 
 pots, to hotels : 
 
 TAXICAB RATES 
 Tariff No. 1 (One or Two Passengers) 
 First three-fifths of a mile or fraction thereof, 
 60 cents; each one-fifth of a mile thereafter, 10 
 cents ; each three minutes of waiting, 10 cents. 
 Tariff No. 3 (Three or Four Passengers) 
 First one-third of a mile or fraction thereof, 60 
 cents ; each one-sixth of a mile thereafter, 10 
 cents ; each three minutes of waiting, 10 cents ; 
 for each additional passenger over four persons 
 for the entire trip, 50 cents. When charges for 
 trip or trips exceed the rates per hour, charges 
 shall be made by the hour. The rate by the hour 
 shall be $3.50. 
 
 FLAT RATES TO DOWN-TOWN HOTELS 
 The city ordinance requires taxicabs, automo- 
 biles and carriages to carry passengers from the 
 Ferry Depot, Third and Townsend Street Depot 
 or steamboat landings to any down-town hotel in 
 the "Down-town Hotel District" for a flat rate 
 of $1.00 for from one to four passengers ; each 
 additional passenger, 25 cents; trunks, 50 cents. 
 
 FOREIGN CONSULS 
 
 Argentine— Boutv/e\l Dunlap, First National Bank 
 Building. 
 
 Austria-Hungary— Dr. Josef Goricar, 311 Cali- 
 fornia Street. 
 
 Belgium— M. F. BioUey, 311 California Street. 
 
 Bolivia — Carlos Sanjines, 235 Montgomery Street. 
 
 Bras//— Archibald Barnard, Monadnock Building. 
 
 Chile— Arturo Lorca, 311 California Street. 
 
 China— Kee Owyang, 653 Kearny Street. 
 
 Colombia — Francisco Valencia, 311 California 
 Street. 
 
 Costa Rica— Dr. P. de Obario, 510 Battery Street. 
 
 Denmark—]. E. Boggild, Mills Building, Mont- 
 gomery Street. 
 
 Dominican Republic — John Barneson, 310 San- 
 some Street. 
 
 Ecuador — Juan Chavez, 311 California Street. 
 
 Frawce— Raphael Monnet, 108 Sutter Street. 
 
 German Empire — Franz Bopp, 201 Sansome Street. 
 
 Great Britain — Alexander Carnegie Ross, 268 
 Market Street. 
 
 Greece — Richard de Fontana, 693 Mission Street. 
 
 Guatemala — Juan Padilla Matute, 460 Montgom- 
 ery Street. 
 
 Honduras — Gen. F. S. Vivas, 1205 Leavenworth 
 Street. 
 
 Italy— C. Danco, 135 Stockton Street. 
 
 Japan — Yatsutaro Numano, 221 Sansome Street. 
 
 Liberia — Ray P. SafTold. 568 Golden Gate Avenue. 
 
 Monaco — Ray P. Safifold. 568 Golden Gate Avenue. 
 
 Mexico — Ant. L. Grajeda, 519 California Street. 
 
 Netherlands— G. J. G. Marsily, 628 Montgomery 
 Street. 
 
 Norway — Henry Lund, Marine Building, 214 
 Front Street. 
 
 Nicaragua— AdoH Vivas, 311 California Street. 
 
 Panama — Alejandro Briceno, 510 Battery Street. 
 
 Paraguay— Eustorjio Calderon, 561 Hyde Street 
 
 Persia — Harry Thornton Moore. 
 
 Peru — Enrique Grau, 510 Battery Street. 
 
 Portugal— Simao Lopes Ferreira, 347 Front Street. 
 
 Russia — Pierra Rodjestwensky, 461 Market Street. 
 
 Salvador— E. Melia, 460 Montgomery Street. 
 
 Spain— VaWe de Salazar, 817 Pacific Building. 
 
 Sweden — Wm. Maston, 268 Market Street. 
 
 Suntzerland — Anto'me Borel, 440 Montgomery 
 Street. 
 
 rur^^ji— Maurice Hall, 250 Powell Street. 
 
 Uruguay— O. M. Goldaracena, 4 Columbus Ave. 
 
 Venezuela — Jos. L. Eastland, Merchants' Ex- 
 change. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS OF LEADING LODGES 
 
 Masonic Grand Lodge, Masonic Temple, Hayes 
 Street and Van Ness Avenue. 
 
 I. O. O. F. Grand Lodge, Seventh and Market 
 Streets. 
 
 Ancient Order of Foresters, 337 Pacific Building. 
 
 A. O. U. W., 311 Pacific Building. 
 
 Elks, 540 Powell Street. 
 
 Foresters of America, Grant Building, Seventh 
 and Market Streets. 
 
 Red Men, 240 Golden Gate Avenue. 
 
 Eagles, 1695 Market Street. 
 
 Maccabees, First National Bank Building, Oak- 
 land. 
 
 Knights of Pythias, 726 Pacific Building. 
 
 N. S. G. W., 135 Stockton Street. 
 
 Hermann Sons, 2249 Clement Street. 
 
 Sons of St. George, 157 Nev Street. 
 
 Royal Arcanum, 338 Pine Street. 
 
 Druids, Laguna and Hayes Streets. 
 
 Woodmen of the World. 2140 Market Street. 
 
 Young Men's Institute, 92 Sanchez Street. 
 
 PRINCIPAL CLUBS 
 
 Argonaut, Post and Powell Streets. 
 
 Army and Navy, 126 Post Street. 
 
 Bohemian, Post and Taylor Streets. 
 
 California, 1750 Clay Street. 
 
 Century, 1355 Franklin Street. 
 
 Cercle de L'Union, 220 Post Street. 
 
 Camera, 833 Market Street. 
 
 California Lawn Tennis, Scott and Bush Streets. 
 
 Commonwealth, 153 Kearnv Street. 
 
 Concordia, 1141 Van Ness Avenue. 
 
 Corinthian Yacht Club, Tiburon, Marin County, 
 California. 
 
 Elks, Powell, between Sutter and Bush Streets. 
 
 Family, 545 Powell Street. 
 
 Forum, 220 Post Street. 
 
 Olympic, 524 Post Street. 
 
 Pacific Union, California and Mason Streets. 
 
 Press. Powell and Sutter Streets. 
 
 Presidio Golf Club, 8 Presidio Terrace. 
 
 San Francisco Commercial Club, Merchants' 
 Exchange Building. 
 
igp^^s? 
 
 ti^^^y^^^- 
 
 
 S. F. Scottish Thistle, 121 Larkin Street. 
 S. F. Turn Verein, 2466 Sutter Street. 
 S. F. Yacht Club, Union Trust Building. 
 Southern, California Street near Stockton. 
 Town and Country, 218 Stockton Street. 
 Transportation, Palace Hotel. 
 Union League, Powell and O'Farrell Streets. 
 University, Powell and California Streets. 
 
 STEAMSHIP OFFICES 
 
 Alaska Pacific S. S. Co., 65 Market Street. 
 
 California Atlantic S. S. Co., 418 Merchants' 
 Exchange Building. 
 
 Canadian Pacific S. S. Co., 645 Market Street. 
 
 Hamburg American Line, 160 Powell Street. 
 
 Independent S. S. Co., 648A Market Street. 
 
 Matson Navigation Co., 268 Market Street. 
 
 North German Lloyd, 250 Powell Street. 
 
 North Pacific S. S. Co., 654 Market Street. 
 
 Oceanic S. S. Co., 673 Market Street. 
 
 Pacific Coast S. S. Co., 653 Market Street. 
 
 Pacific Mail S. S. Co., Flood Building. 
 
 Pacific Navigation Co., 678 Market Street. 
 
 S. F. & Portland S. S. Co., Flood Building. 
 
 Toyo Kisen Kaisha, Merchants' National Bank 
 Building. 
 
 Union Steamship Co., Mills Building. 
 
 Anchor Line, 878 Market Street. 
 
 Cunard Line, 42 Powell Street. 
 
 STEAMSHIP PIERS 
 Union Ferry Slips — Ferries to 
 Berkeley, Point Richmond, Sausalito, Alameda 
 and Oakland 
 Connecting with 
 Southern Pacific Main Line Trains 
 Pier 3 and 5 — Bay and River Boats. 
 Pier 7 — Pacific Navigation Steamship Co. 
 Piers 9 and 11 — Pacific Coast Steamship Co. 
 Pier 13 — North Pacific Steamship Co. and South 
 
 Coast Steamship Co. 
 Pier 19 — Kosmos Steamship Co. 
 Pier 21 — Oceanic Steamship Co. 
 Piers 23 and 25 — American Hawaiian Steamship 
 
 Co. 
 Pier 27 — American Hawaiian Steamship Co. 
 Pier 10 — .Maska Pacific Steamship Co. 
 Pier 12 — Union Steamship Co. 
 Pier 34 — Toyo-Kisen Kaisha Steamship Co. 
 Pier 36 — California Atlantic Steamship Co. 
 Pier 48 — Matson Navigation Co. 
 Pier 40 — San Francisco and Portland Steamship 
 
 Co. 
 Piers 42 and 44 — Pacific Mail Steamship Co. 
 
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC 
 Local Ferry Trains via Oakland Pier 
 
 To Oakland, Sixteenth Street and Berkeley via 
 Shattuck Avenue and Ellsworth Street Line— 
 Daily — From 6 :00 a. m. and every 20 minutes until 
 8:20 p. m., inclusive; then 9:00, 9:40, 10:20, 11:00 
 and 11:40 p. m., 12:20 and 1:20 a. m. Additional 
 service Saturdays and Sundays only — 8 :40 p. m., 
 9:20, 10:00, 10:40. 11:20 p. m. 
 
 To Oakland, Washington, Broadway, East Oak- 
 land, Fruitvale and Melrose, via Seventh Street — 
 Daily — From 6 :00 a. m., and every twenty minutes 
 until 8:20 p. m., inclusive; then 9:00, 9:40, 10:20. 
 
 11:00 and 11:40 p. m., 12:20 a. m. and 1:20 a. m. 
 Additional service, Saturdays and Sundays only— 
 8 :40 p. m., 9 :20, 10 :00, 10 :40 and 11 :20 p. m. 
 
 To Berkeley, via California Street and West 
 Berkeley, Albany via Ninth Street Lincj— Daily— 
 *6 :00 a. m., §6 :20, §6 :40, §7 :00 and every 20 min- 
 utes until 8:20 p. m., inclusive; then 9:00, 9:40, 
 10:20, 11:00, 11:40 p. ni., 12:20 and 1:20 a. m. 
 Additional boats Saturdays and Sundays only. 
 
 Horseshoe via Seventh Street to Fruitvale and 
 Third and Pacific Avenue, Alameda, North Side— 
 
 Daily— From 6:00 a. m., §6:20, 6:40, 7:00, 7:20 
 7 :40, 8 :00, 8 :20, 8 :40, 9 :40, 11 :00 a. m. ; then 12 :20 
 p. m., 1:40, 3:00, 4:00, 4:20, 4:40, 5:00, 5:20, 5:40, 
 6 :00, 6 :20, 6 :40, 7 :00, 7 :40, 9 :00, 10 :20, 11 :40 p. m. 
 
 To Oakland, Fourteenth and Franklin Streets, 
 zna Oakland, Sixteenth and Eighteenth Streets— 
 Daily— From §6:00 a. m., §6:20, §6:40 a. m., and 
 every twenty minutes until 8:20 p. m. inclusive; 
 then 9 :00, 9 :40, 10 :20, 11 :00, 11 :40 p. ni., and 12 :20 
 a. m. Additional boats Saturdays and Sundays 
 only, 8 :40 p. m., 9 :20, 10 :00, 10 :40 and 11 :20 p. m. 
 
 To Stonehurst (Steam Service)— *&:m, *6:40, 
 *7 :20, §9 :00, §10 :00 a. m., *1 :20 p. m., *2 :00, *3 :00, 
 *3 :20, *4 :00, *5 :00, *5 :40 and §6 :20 p. m. 
 Via Alameda Pier 
 
 To Oakland and Alameda — Daily — From 6:15, 
 6:45 a. m., and then 15 and 45 minutes past the 
 hour until 7 :45 p. m.; then 8 :30, 9 :15, 10 :00, 10 :45, 
 11:30 p. m. and 12:15 a. m. 
 
 To Alameda, North and South Side Lincs^ 
 Daily— From 6:15, 6:45 a. m. and 15 and 45 min- 
 utes past the hour, until 7:45 p. m. ; then 8:30, 
 9:15, 10:00, 10:45, 11:30 p. m. and 12:15 a. m. 
 
 ♦Daily. § Sundays excepted. 
 
 OAKLAND HARBOR FERRY 
 Automobiles, Motorcycles and Vehicles 
 
 From San Francisco, South End Ferry Building, 
 for Broadvmy Wharf, Oakland— From 6 :00 a. m. 
 daily and every forty-five minutes until 9 :00 p. m., 
 inclusive; then *11:15 p. m., *12:00 midnight, 
 *1:00 a. m. Additional boats, §9:45 p. m., **10:00 
 p. m. and §10:30 p. m. 
 
 From Broadway Wharf, Oakland, for San Fran- 
 cisco—From 6 :00 a. m. daily and every forty-five 
 minutes until 9:00 p. m. inclusive, then 12:00 mid- 
 night and 1 :00 a. m. Additional boats §9 :45 p. m., 
 **10:00 p. m., §10:,30 p. m., **11:00 p. m. and 
 §11:15 p. m. 
 
 *Daily. §Sundays excepted. 
 
 PRINCIPAL RAILROAD TICKET OFFICES 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Ry., Monadnock Building. 
 
 Burlington Route, 685 Market Street. 
 
 Canadian Pacific Ry., 645 Market Street. 
 
 Chicago Great Western R. R., 201 Monadnock 
 Building. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Ry., 22 Powell 
 Street. 
 
 Chicago and Northwestern Ry., 878 Market 
 Street. 
 
 Denver and Rio Grande R. R., 665 Market St. 
 
 Erie Ry., 26 Powell Street. 
 
 Great Northern Ry., 665 Market Street. 
 
 Illinois Central R. R., 28 Powell Street. 
 
 Key Route, 687 Market and Ferry Building. 
 
Mt. Tamalpais Scenic Ry., 687 and 874 Market 
 Street. 
 
 Missouri, Kansas and Texas Ry., Hearst Bldg. 
 
 Missouri Pacific Ry., 656 Market Street. 
 
 National Rys. of Mexico, 303 Monadnock Bldg. 
 
 New York Central Lines, 689 Market Street. 
 
 Nickel Plate Road, Hearst Building. 
 
 Northern Pacific Ry., 685 Market Street. 
 
 Northwestern Pacific Ry., 874 Market Street. 
 
 Oregon-Washington R. & N. Co., 42 Powell St. 
 
 Ocean Shore Ry., 52 Eleventh Street. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad, 40 Powell Street. 
 
 Rock Island Lines, 691 Market Street. 
 
 Salt Lake Route, 680 Market Street. 
 
 Santa Fe System, 673 Market Street. 
 
 Southern Pacific, Palace Hotel and 884 Market 
 Street. 
 
 Southern Pacific (Atlantic System), 30 Powell 
 Street. 
 
 Texas and Pacific Rv., Postal Telegraph Bldg. 
 
 Union Pacific R. R.. "Powell and Ellis Streets. 
 
 Wabash Railroad, Monadnock Building. 
 
 Washington-Sunset Route. 874 Market Street. 
 
 Western Pacific Ry., 665 Market Street. 
 
 KEY ROUTE FERRIES 
 Leave San Francisco Ferry Building for Oak- 
 land, Piedmont, Northbrae, Berkeley, Claremont, 
 Albany, Richmond — Daily except as noted — *6 :00, 
 6:20, 6:40, 7:00, 7:20, 7:40, 8:00, 8:20, 8:40, 9:00, 
 9:20, 9:40, 10:00, 10:20, 10:40, 11:00. 11:20, 11:40 
 a. m., 12 :00 m., 12 :20, 12 :40, 1 :00, 1 :20, 1 :40, 2 :00, 
 2:20, 2:40, 3:00, 3:20, 3:40, 4:00, 4:20, 4:40, 5:00, 
 
 *5:15, t5:20. *5:30, t5 :40, *5 :45, 6:00, 6:20, 6:40, 
 7:00, 7:20, 7:40, 8:00, t8 :20, 8:40, t9 :00, 9:20, 
 t9:40, 10:00, tlO:20, 10:40, til :00, 11:20 p. m., 
 12 :00 midnight, 1 :00 a. m. 
 
 *Daily. tSundays only. {Saturday and Sunday 
 only. 
 
 The 1 a. m. boat from San Francisco connects 
 with trains for all lines excepting the Albany 
 branch. 
 
 The 8 :00 p. m., 9 :20 p. m. and 10 :40 p. m. daily 
 except Saturdays and Sundays and the 13:00 p. m. 
 daily run to Albany via Northbrae. 
 
 The 8:40 p. m. and 10:00 p. m. daily except 
 Saturday and Sunday and 11 :20 p. m. daily run 
 to Northbrae via Albany. 
 
 Schedule time between San Francisco and Oak- 
 land, Berkeley, and Piedmont, 35 minutes; Clare- 
 mont, 40 minutes; Northbrae and Albany, 45 
 minutes. 
 
 Car Signs 
 
 Berkeley trains carry White Discs. 
 
 Oakland trains carry Red Discs for Twenty- 
 second Street and Red and Blue for Twelfth 
 Street. 
 
 Piedmont trains carry Blue Discs. 
 
 Claremont trains carry Green Discs. 
 
 Northbrae trains carry White Dies with a Red 
 Arrow. 
 
 For Albany take the Northbrae train at the 
 Pier Terminal and transfer at University Avenue. 
 
 
 M 
 
 tj 
 
 Pit River above Big Bend. Ten thousand horsepower of potential energy in every mile 
 
 ZJMZzSk^ 
 

 ^ "^-''' 
 
 " ' "^ 'A.^ ^ 
 
 
 i 
 
 ^■'ZJ^i -<^ % ' ' 
 
 - ^ .-":> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^■■^'1 
 
 B 
 
 1 
 
 A Nearby View of Mount Lassen Quiescent 
 
 Photo copyrighted 1914 by B. F. Loomis 
 
 Mount Lassen in Eruption. On the Road to Manzanita Lake 
 
 Courtesy Sunset Magazine. 
 
List of Exhibitors and their Representatives 
 
 The Dental Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 
 London, W., England — George Chalk and 
 
 A. H. Parry. 
 
 The C. V. Mosby Co., Medical Publish- 
 ers, St. Louis, Mo. — C. V. Mosby. 
 
 The Harvard Co., Canton, Ohio — E. L. 
 Monnot. 
 
 Electro Dental Manufacturing Co.. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. — Charles Pinches and T. 
 E. Price. 
 
 The L. D. Caulk Co., Milford, Dela.— 
 Dr. G. Layton Grier and Fred H. Field. 
 
 American X-Ray Equipment Co., Den- 
 tal X-Ray Outfits, New York, N. Y.— 
 
 B. L. Spitzer. 
 
 The Ohio Chemical and Manufac- 
 turing Co., Cleveland, Ohio — Miss Eva B. 
 Fisher. 
 
 The Dentinol and Pyorrhocide Co., 
 Inc., New York, N. Y.— W. F. Spies, 
 D. D. S., and Mr. Conley. 
 
 The Kolvnos Co., New Haven, Conn. — 
 S. W. Hodgdon. 
 
 Kress & Owen Co., Manufacturing 
 Chemists, New York, N. Y.— Dr. W. B. 
 Spaflford and J. C. Stevenson. 
 
 John Hood Co., Dental Supplies, Boston, 
 Mass.— Dr. H. M. Lisle and Alex. R. 
 Keltie. 
 
 King's Specialty Co., Dental Medi- 
 cines and Specialties. Fort Wayne, Ind. — 
 Dr. J. A. Williams and J. C. Link. 
 
 Stratford CooKsoN Co., Philadelphia. 
 Pa.— W. K. Cookson and Dr. S. R. Harri- 
 son. 
 
 Morgan. Hastings & Co., Philadelphia, 
 Pa.— Dr. O. A. Glidden and J. V. Hast- 
 ings, Jr. 
 
 The Shelton Electric Co., Shelton 
 Portable Dental Engine, Lick Bldg., San 
 Francisco — E. T. Cunningham. 
 
 Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Ind. — 
 R. R. Zane and Dr. W. D. Hacker. 
 
 The Denver Chemical Manufactur- 
 ing Co., New York, N. Y. — Edward S. 
 Sharpless, M. D. 
 
 Lavoris Chemical Co., Minneapolis, 
 Minn. — Ernest England. 
 
 The Ransom & Rantolph Co.. Toledo, 
 Ohio— D. W. Rydman and F. G. Crandell. 
 
 The Dentlsts' Supply Co., New York, 
 N. Y.— Chas. E. Ward and Dr. H. Austin 
 Palmer. 
 
 RiTTER Dental Manufacturing Co., 
 Rochester, N. Y. — R. C. Shumway and J. 
 L. Brewster, Jr. 
 
 PiEPER Dental Manufacturing Co., 
 San Jose, Cal. — B. Loveall and Merwin 
 Massol. 
 
 The Teter Manufacturing Co., Cleve- 
 land, Ohio— H. W. Bell. 
 
 Cleveland Dental Manufacturing 
 Co., Cleveland, Ohio — M. F. Babcock and 
 E. S. Ennis. 
 
 Detroit Dental Manufacturing Co., 
 Manufacturers of Dental Specialties. De- 
 troit, Mich.— Dr. George H. Nottage. 
 
 Columbus Dental Manufacturing 
 Co., Columbus, Ohio — Dr. J. H. Moyer 
 and Dr. J. H. Harper. 
 
 Lee S. Smith & Son Co., Dental Sup- 
 pHes, Pittsburg, Pa. — W. Linford Smith. 
 
 Bristol-Myers Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. — 
 George G. Harwood. 
 
 Horlick's Malted Milk Co., Racine, 
 Wis. — Arthur Lee Bailhache. 
 
 i 
 
List of Exhibitors and Their Representatives 
 
 Chas. H. Phillips Chemical Co., New 
 York, N. Y.— F. R. Rich, M. D. 
 
 T. A. Strobridge Dental Supply Co., 
 San Francisco, Cal. — T. A. Strobridge. 
 
 Jas. W. Edwards Co., San Francisco, 
 Cal.— C. P. Sheehy and W. P. Heany. 
 
 J. M. Ney Co., Hartford, Conn.— Dr. A. 
 W. Woodman and James R. Shamper. 
 
 The Bell Manufacturing Co., Los 
 Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Monarch Electrical Manufacturing 
 Co., Willoughby, Ohio. 
 
 American Cabinet Co., Two Rivers, 
 Wis. 
 
 J. W. Ivory, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Lennox Chemical Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Weber Dental Manufacturing Co., 
 Canton, Ohio. 
 
 Stewart Dental Manufacturing Co., 
 Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 S. S. White Dental Manufacturing 
 Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 California Dental Supply Co., Los 
 Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Consolidated Dental Manufacturing 
 Co., New York, N. Y. 
 
 A. C. Clark & Co., Grand Crossing, 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Williams Gold Refining Co., Buffalo, 
 N. Y. 
 
 J. Bird Moyer Co.. Inc., Philadelphia, 
 Pa. 
 
 Samuel G. Supplee & Co., New York, 
 N. Y. 
 
 David B. Levy, New York, N. Y. 
 
 The Halverson Co., Portland, Ore. 
 
 C. Ash, Sons & Co., New York, N. Y. 
 
 The Heidbrink Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Pelton & Crane Co.. Detroit, Mich. 
 
 W. V-B. Ames Co., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Colgate & Co., New York, N. Y.— W. 
 B. Palmore and Walter R. Hall. 
 
 Vulcan Coil Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 Traun Rubber Co., New York, N. Y. 
 R. E. L. Miller, Front Royal, Va. 
 H. & A. Weissfeld Manufacturing 
 Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 So when a raging fever burns, 
 We sliift from side to side by turns ; 
 And 'tis a poor relief we gain. 
 To change the place but keep the pain. 
 —Watts. 
 
Colgate's Ribbon Dental Cream 
 What It Does 
 
 It cleans teeth. Its chalk base has body enough for thorough 
 cleansing, and for polishing the teeth to natural whiteness. It 
 pleases the user by its delicious flavor — promoting regular use. 
 
 And what it does not do 
 
 It does not scratch or cut. The chalk we use is of our own 
 manufacture, rigidly tested chemically and microscopically. 
 No commercial chalk that we could purchase was free from 
 insoluble and crystalline matter. 
 
 No absurd medicinal claims are made. Its slight alkaline re- 
 action and its mild antisepsis are as close as a dentifrice should 
 come to medication. Where a medicament is necessary, treat- 
 ment ought to be sitrictly a matter of professional direction. 
 
 For those of the profession who prefer a dentifrice in 
 powder form — Colgate's Antiseptic Dental Powder is 
 equally to be commended. Rince Bouche is a most re- 
 freshing mouth wash. 
 
 Our booklet, "Architects of American Dentistry," is of interest 
 to both the profession and the public. It should be on 3'our 
 reception room table for patients to read. A complimentary 
 copy may be obtained at the Colgate Booth or on request to 
 
 COLGATE & COMPANY, 199 Fulton St., New York City 
 
 Established 1806 
 
 #Kl 
 
 "SXM^ 
 
The 
 Teter Gas-Oxygen Apparatus 
 
 The Teter regulated-pressure apparatus is the invention of an anesthetist 
 who has devoted all his life to the developing of this form of anesthetic. 
 
 Regulators are built in 
 the head of the apparatus, 
 which reduce the high 
 pressures of the gases and 
 permit them to pass to the 
 patient in a gentle, even, 
 steady flow at all times. 
 
 The controlling valves 
 are so arranged that an 
 increased quantity of one 
 gas may be given without 
 interfering with the quan- 
 tity flow of the other. 
 
 By heating the gases 
 with our vapor warmer 
 (either alcohol or electric), 
 much less gas is needed. 
 Warm gases always pro- 
 duce a deeper and more 
 tranquil anesthesia and at 
 the same time eliminate all 
 the irritating effects which 
 usually follow the use of 
 cold gases. 
 
 In ANALGESIC work 
 no assistant is necessary, 
 because the apparatus runs 
 as it is set. 
 
 If you wish the best results at the lowest cost, buy a "TETER." 
 Send for catalogue and literature. 
 
 THE TETER MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
 
 Manufacturers of gas-oxygen apparatus, fountain spittoons, 
 electric sterilizers, etc. 
 
 1108 Williamson Building 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
CAVITY PREPARATION FOR AMALGAM, 
 the use of matrices, condensing and carving 
 amalgam, and other features of the Crandall 
 system of amalgam restoration will be demonstrated 
 at our space at the Panama Pacific Dental Congress 
 by Dr. G. T. Fenker. Crandall's Scientifically Tested 
 Non-Zinc Alloy, Crandall Mortar and Pestle, Alloy 
 Balance, Matrix Metal, and Matrix Bands will be 
 shown in connection with this demonstration. 
 
 Our entire line of dental operating instruments, 
 forceps, elevators, and extrading accessories, includ- 
 ing the Standard Set, will be exhibited, as well as 
 Metric Burs and Metric Broaches. Some of the 
 newer instruments and appliances to be shown 
 include: 
 
 Woodhury-Crandall Instruments for Cavity Preparation 
 
 Prime Amalgam Condensers and Condensing Mallet 
 
 Crandall Amalgam Carving Instruments 
 
 Smith Gum RetraSlors 
 
 Crandall Amalgam Condensers 
 
 Woodbury -Crandall P luggers for Gold Foil 
 
 Our Peerless line of dental furniture will be an 
 attractive feature of this exhibit. This is made up of 
 the Peerless Folding Bracket and Peerless Aseptic 
 Bracket Table, attractive in appearance and very con- 
 veniently operated. The Peerless Operating Stand 
 supplements this or may be used to take the place of 
 the bracket and table when desired. 
 
 The Cleveland Dental Mfg. Co. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A. 
 
Glyco-Thymoline 
 
 (Trade Mark) 
 
 ^FT^ 
 
 IPSJWP 
 
 
 Three Ounce 
 
 Six Ounce (Sprinkler Top) for Dental Use 
 
 The Recognized Standard 
 
 Alkaline Antiseptic 
 
 Solution 
 
 KRESS & OWEN COMPANY 
 361-363 Pearl Street - - - New York 
 
 --"-Xl)^ 
 
m 
 
A M A L K A 
 
 WAFERS 
 
 For Immediate Preparation of 
 
 Alkaline 
 
 Antiseptic 
 
 Solutions 
 
 Convenient 
 
 Quickly Soluble 
 
 Safe and Efficient 
 
 Non'lrritating 
 
 Pleasing 
 
 BOTTLES OF SIXTY WAFERS, 
 
 TWENTYFIVE CENTS 
 
 BRISTOL-MYERS CO. NEW YORK 
 
 MAKERS OF SAL HEPATICA 
 
f' \ 
 
 A SIGNy^QUALITY 
 
 Our success requires that we make the 
 
 best fining materials, just as the dentist's 
 
 success requires that he use them. 
 
 THE L. D. Caulk Company 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. 
 
 Makers q/ Synthetic Porcelain, Protesyn Porcelain, Caulk' s Crown and 
 
 Bridge and Gold Inlay Cement, Petroid Cement Improved, 
 
 Caulk' s Copper Cement, Twentieth Century 
 
 Alloy, Caulk' s Cresolform, and many 
 
 other Dental Specialties 
 
 Laboratories: Milford, Delaware 
 
 
i 
 
 The S. S. White Dental 
 Manufacturing Company 
 
 The House that more than all others has 
 contributed to the upliit of modern dentistry 
 by the superior efficiency of its products 
 
 Some of Its Contributions 
 
 In 1846, Porcelain Teeth, its first product, were practically universally 
 commended as affording "a more exact imitation of nature," . . . 
 "relieved of that bold glaring appearance," . . . "beautifully trans- 
 lucent, having a lively, vital appearance." 
 
 In the late sixties, it introduced with its now well-known Trade ffll§) Mark 
 Steel Instruments and Forceps of a perfection in adaptability, temper and 
 finish theretofore undreamed-of. 
 
 In 1871 it gave the profession the first all-metal chair. 
 
 In 1872 it brought out the first Electric Dental Engine— before its time; 
 today, its Electric Engines are marvels of speed, power, control, smooth- 
 running and durability. 
 
 In 1874 it introduced the Cable Engine. 
 
 In 1885 it standardized Gold Plates and Solders, that before had been 
 apparently made by rule-of-thumb. 
 
 In 1891 it gave the profession the " Revelation " Bur — the " perfection of 
 design for dentists' burs, the perfection of workmanship in executing the 
 design." 
 
 In 1908 it presented the Diamond Chair, the simplest, smoothest work- 
 ing of all hydraulic chairs, — the present standard of the world of dentistry. 
 
 In 1914 it perfected the S. S. W^hite Nitrous Oxid and Oxygen Apparatus, 
 whose accurate control of the gases has standardized analgesic and anes- 
 thetic practice. 
 
 For fifty-six years it has published the "Dental Cosmos," the mouth- 
 piece of the profession's aspirations toward higher standards, — scientific 
 and practical, — the one magazine willing to assume the enormous expense 
 of illustration necessary to give dentistry representation among the fore- 
 most scientific periodicals of the world. 
 
 During its entire career — seventy-one years — its 
 products have been universally recognized as 
 the standard of efficiency in dentists' supplies 
 
 HEADQUARTERS ■ 
 Chestnut Street, cor. Twelfth, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. 
 
 ^ 
 
 SSM^ 
 
m 
 
NEY'S COLDS m 
 
 GOLD SOLDERS 
 
 WORLD I 
 STILL 
 
 "^^ The Gold used o?i outside front cover was bought by the 
 Program Committee from The J. M. Ney Cotnpany., owners 
 of The First American Gold Refinery, established in Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, nearly one hundred and four years ago, 
 and never closed meantime, except on Sundays and holidays. 
 The Committee wanted the World's Best Gold. 
 
 ISN'T it good to be here for a while, away from professional routine? 
 We're glad you can enjoy this relaxation, and catch the inspiration from closer contact with 
 your confreres. 
 
 Since the Rochester Congress, you've read a lot. Doctor, about Ney's Dental Golds, 
 Solders, etc., the World's Best since 1 81 2, the Standard by which all other brands, domestic 
 and foreign, are rated. Have you used them meantime? You haven't? Too bad, for 
 you and your patients! 
 
 Did you view suspiciously our claims of Ney's demonstrable superiority? Did you 
 think them too good to be true? Did you judge that we "could not afford to sell the 
 World's Leaders at only a slight increase over the prices demanded for inferior brands?" 
 You did? Then nom's your opportunity to prove if ive exaggerated an iota. Will you 
 improve it? 
 
 Welcome to our Booth. Awaiting your rigid inspection is a complete line of Ney's Prod- 
 ucts, taken from regular stock — no' "groomed" or "doctored" for this occasion! You may 
 order any or all of our exhibit. Your selectio.i will be billed at our current prices and deliv- 
 ered directly after the Congress adjourns. 
 
 Divergent views exist as to the relative importance of outlays for dentists' supplies. But 
 golds and solders are exempt, because they comprise more than one-third of dentists' outlays. 
 Dentists agree that, to reach the highest professional reputation, they must use only best golds 
 and solders. These can be had only from long-established manufacturers, who are past mas- 
 ters in the subtle intricacies of producing articles that will be always uniform and homogene- 
 ous. Norv's your time to investigate Qualities, Reputations, and Facilities. 
 
 Promiscuous buying is a big menace. It will handicap your technique. Doctor, for mere- 
 tricious golds and solders mill shatter unsullied reputations. But regulated and right buying 
 will effect great savings. By using Ney's Golds exclusively, you can in a short time earn 
 enough to pay the cost of your trip here and back. Good work and money-saving jvill persist 
 so long as you rely Tvholly upon Ney's. Why not do it? 
 
 Do not neglect to register in our Visitors' Record ! Some months hence it will insure 
 your receiving from us a reminder that you'll appreciate. It will be as perfect, beautiful, valu- 
 able and durable as all Ney's products are. What is it? That's a secret today, but you'll 
 find our souvenir worth ivaiting for. We will be waiting to greet you at our Booth in SEC- 
 TION "P" on Extreme Right Aisle of Main Entrance to the Panama-Pacific Dental Congress. 
 
 Send u> your Old Cold, Old SHver, Old Platinum, etc to 
 
m 
 
 It Is Our Constant Aim 
 
 to remain leaders in the 
 production of Dental 
 Equipment which will 
 be appropriate for in- 
 stallation in Modern 
 Dental Offices. For 
 o V e r twenty-five years 
 we have manufactured 
 Dental Equipment and 
 during' practically all of 
 that period have enjoyed 
 a reputation for produc- 
 ing the highest type of 
 Chairs, Engines, Lathes, 
 etc. The Quality of our 
 \\'orkmanship and Ma- 
 terial cannot be excelled, 
 the Adaptability of our 
 Equipment has never 
 been equaled, the Finish 
 
 is the best that money 
 can produce and to an- 
 other great essential — 
 APPEARANCE — we 
 have given particular 
 attention, the results of 
 our thought and careful 
 construction being Prod- 
 uct that has every quali- 
 fication to meet the de- 
 m a n d s of the most 
 aesthetic or particular 
 Dentist. 
 
 Our Product will be 
 handsomely displayed 
 during the meeting of 
 the Panama Pacific Den- 
 tal Congress, and we 
 invite every visiting 
 Dentist to call at our 
 Exhibit. 
 
 The Ritter Dental Mfg. Co. 
 
 Rochester, N. Y., U. S. A. 
 
 AGO PHILADELPHIA NEW 
 
 
"The Fine Italian Hand" 
 
 of Our Designers 
 
 Has Been Busy Again 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 Ascher's New Enamel — Ideal Outfit 
 
 A most convenient and practicable device for simplifying the storage 
 and use of Ascher's New Enamel, consisting of heavily nickeled case, 
 fitted with revolving hardwood block containing, in proper receptacles, 
 eight half-portion bottles of Powder of most-used shades — 2B, 3C, 4D, 6F, 
 TG, 8H, lOK and 12M — one double-portion bottle of Liquid, one special 
 service bottle for Liquid, one bottle Enamel Varnish, one box Celluloid 
 strips, one Powder Measure; Bone Spatulas, 1 each A and C; value $17.30; 
 value of case, $5.00 ; making total value $22.30. 
 
 And the Price is but $15.00 
 
 See exhibit and demonstration, Section E, opposite main entrance. 
 Get Acquainted icith the A'erv Tcchnic 
 
 
m 
 
 Km 
 
 Mount Sir Donald, 
 
 IN- OUR OWN ALPS 
 
 Courtesy Sunset Magazine. 
 
WjM. 
 
 =m^' 
 
 ■^M'a 
 
 1^ 
 
 Dioxo^en 
 
 99^0% Pure 
 
 A PEROXIDE OF HYDROGEN 
 
 Stronger and Purer than the official solution 
 
 • 
 
 ANALYSIS 
 
 Absolute H2O2 3.750% 
 
 H^O 96.211% 
 
 99.961% 
 
 Acidity (expressed in terms of HCl) 0.011% 
 
 Residue 0.028% 
 
 100.000% 
 
 DIOXOGEN contains no acetanilid and undergoes none of the 
 changes which occur in solutions containing this drug; uniform and 
 of remarkable stability, DIOXOGEN possesses higher germicidal 
 efficiency than the standard Bichloride or Carbolic Acid solutions, yet 
 it is as harmless as water. 
 
 DIOXOGEN is safe to recommend to patients, its freedom from 
 the risks and dangers of the coal tar disinfectants, together with its 
 unusual cleansing properties, makes it highly desirable for oral use. 
 
 No mistakes can happen with DIOXOGEN. 
 
 THE OAKLAND CHEMICAL CO. 
 
 10 Astor Place : : : New York 
 
Mariposa Giove, near Yoscmite National Park, has a growth of 91 feet at 
 It differs from most Sequoias In the size of Its branches, the first, 
 125 feet up, being twenty feet around. 
 166 
 
 ''i'n»i'i!'M^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
nod in life when the only future changes will be those of old age. 
 
 rTTTTTI 
 
 TRUBYTE TEETH 
 
 are the only vulcanite teeth which harmonize with 
 the forms of patients' faces, and to which an intel- 
 ligent method of form selection can be applied. 
 Trubyte bicuspids and molars, alone among porce- 
 lain teeth, can properly tear, crack, cut and grind food 
 at the pressures possible through artificial dentures. 
 
 Trubyte teeth are easier to articulate, more comfort- 
 able to wear, more natural in appearance and more ef- 
 ficient in mastication than any other porcelain teeth. 
 
 Trubyte teeth will be exhibited at The Panama-Pacific 
 Dental ConRress and information concerning their selection 
 and use will be gladly given. Ask for literature at our space. 
 
 THE DENTISTS' SUPPLY CO. 
 
 OF NEW YORK 
 220 West 42nd St., New York 
 
£^x 
 
 w< 
 
,^. 
 
 KEEP IN MIND 1 O E FACT 
 
 THAT YOUR 
 
 FIRST IMPRESSION 
 
 BE FALSE, TH 
 
 IS IS 
 
 OFTEN THE CASE 
 
 NO 
 
 MATTER WHAT TH 
 
 E PURPOSE 
 
 IT SURELY COUNTS TO START 
 
 right. This applies mentally, physically, and mechanically, to those who crave 
 
 SUCCESS IN DENTISTRY 
 
 There is no doubt that mental alertness and physical completeness make a 
 personality that spells success. Think what that word impression may mean to 
 you and then write for literature about taking compound impressions correctly 
 with the aid of the Supplee Outfit for heating and controlling modeling com- 
 pound and the Supplee Impression Trays. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sam'l G. Supplee 
 will give a one 
 hour and a half 
 
 
 Kf^'Wk 
 
 Mr. Supplee will 
 conduct classes in 
 
 clinic each day 
 
 
 fl d^ nf 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 using a patient to 
 
 
 siit ^mJ - 
 
 and Oakland dur- 
 
 demonstrate the 
 
 
 IPl ^*^ i 
 
 ing September. 
 
 method of taking 
 impressions with the 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Definite dates and 
 information will 
 
 mouth closed and 
 
 
 be given upon 
 
 under normal biting 
 stress. 
 
 
 jv A 
 
 application. 
 
 : Patented Xov. tuth. 
 
 All kinds of special removable and regular prosthetic dentistry taken care 
 
 ot by 
 
 SAM'L G. SUPPLEE & CO. 
 
 1 UNION SQ., NEW YORK 
 THE LABORATORY SPECIALISTS 
 
 '':^'^ii''!'!lMiiiiite 
 
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 A Message of Interest 
 
 The Exhibit Section of the Panama-Pacific Dental Coni^ress 
 u-ill be a marvel in its extensivencss and completeness. The 
 ivorld's standard manufactnrers of dental supplies, appliances, 
 and equipment, ivhose products you can I'lcw there icith both 
 interest and instruction, will make an unprecedented display. 
 We zvant you to remember that zve represent these leaders, and 
 ivhcn you find an article larg^e or small that you want to pur- 
 chase, 
 
 Call an Edwards Man 
 
 who zmll gladly take your order for delivery in accordance ztnth 
 your instructions. Our stock represents a mighty big invest- 
 ment, so that it is complete at all times. 
 
 We are anticipating conditions zvhich zvill arise during this 
 session of the Congress, so zee shall maintain at our exhibit 
 space 
 
 The Jas. W. Edwards Company Service Station 
 
 We extend to all our dental friends a cordial invitation to 
 make this station your headquarters, zvhere zvc shall prozide 
 many little conveniences and comforts, zvhich zve trust you zinll 
 avail yourself of. You zvill find at your disposal a resting Jlace, 
 zvhere you may zarite a hasty letter or postal, receive and trans- 
 mit personal messages and keep appointments zvith brother den- 
 tists. 
 
 It surely zvill be our pleasure to prozidc this little service. 
 
 The JAS. W. EDWARDS COMPANY 
 
 The Pioneer Dental House of the Pacific Coast. 
 
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Exhibits of 
 
 The Dental Manufacturing Co. Ltd. 
 
 London, England 
 Wholesale Branch : 220 West 42nd Street, New York, U. S. A. 
 
 TEETH — Improved New Departure Teeth. The strongest Teeth made. 
 See tests. 
 
 TEETH— D. M. Co.'s Anatomical Diatoric Teeth. 
 
 BURS— The Alston Bur. 
 
 As an efficient, dextrous, clean-cutting Bur, The Alston excels. 
 
 RUBBERS — The Alston Rubbers are reputed to be the best quality made — 
 strong, elastic and durable. 
 
 WAX— The Alston Toughened Wax 
 
 Possesses superior qualities and strength. 
 
 CASTING MACHINE— The D. M. Co.'s Compressed Air Casting Machine 
 for casting work of every description, such as Inlays, small 
 Bridges, Partial and Complete Dentures. 
 Demonstrated daily by Mr. A. H. Tarry. 
 
 ALLOY— Alston Alloy 
 
 Makes a perfect filling. A trial will convince any Dentist of 
 its superior characteristics. Samples free. 
 
 CEMENT— Alston Cement (Harvard type). 
 
 A strong, durable Cement, easy working. 
 
 GUM FACINGS— Fogg's Porcelain Facings. (Patented.) 
 
 Consist of a metal frame (completely coated with porcelain, by 
 a special process, closely copying the varying color of the gums) 
 arranged to fit around the necks and into the interstices of the 
 teeth. 
 
 GUM INLAYS — Add considerably to the improvement and lifelike appear- 
 ance of a denture. 
 
 Leave your Card, or Name and Address, at Stand, Section M and N, and 
 we zvill mail you, free of charge, interesting literature. 
 
 '^'^^\i^^ 
 
IMPORTANT NOTICE 
 
 WE extend to you an invitation to visit 
 our Booth at this Congress, where in- 
 formation about Los Angeles, San Diego 
 and other places in Southern California will be 
 cheerfully given. 
 
 JVe are Agents in the above territory for all goods 
 shown at this meeting. 
 
 California Dental Supply Company 
 
 Los Angeles San Diego 
 
 Northwestern University 
 
 Dental School 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Dr. G. V. BLACK, Dean 
 
 OFFERS a three years' course in dentistry 
 to men and women having a prelimin- 
 ary education of not less than four 
 years of completed high school work with at 
 least fifteen high school units of credit. 
 
 This school is an integral department of 
 Northwestern University — Evanston and 
 Chicago — and is located in Northwestern 
 University Building, in the business center 
 of Chicago and of a population of three 
 millions of people within a radius of thirty 
 miles. 
 
 In its well equipped Clinic, with accom- 
 modation for more than one hundred and 
 fifty patients, great care is taken to prepare 
 students to qualify themselves for successful 
 and independent practice. 
 
 The next annual session ivill be- 
 gin on October r,th. 
 
 Address Dr. C. R. E. KOCH, Secretary, 31 tVest 
 Lake Street, Chicago, Illinois 
 
 Cable Address: NUDS, CHICAGO 
 
 COLLEGE 8f DENTISTRY 
 UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS 
 
 Minimum entrance requirements, fifteen units of 
 work from an accredited high school or academy. 
 Full course of instruction leading up to the degree of 
 D. D.^S. The college occupies an entire building, 100 
 X 100 feet, six stories high, directly opposite Cook 
 County Hospital, in the heart of Chicago's great 
 medical center. 
 
 Infirmary unexcelled 
 operating facilities. 
 For detailed information, address Box 46 
 THE DEAN 
 College of Dentistry, University of Illinois 
 1838 W. Harrison Street, Chicago. 111. 
 
 point of equipment and 
 
 ^B 
 
Medium Setting 
 
 Quality 
 
 As a true conserver of 
 teeth, these alloys have stood 
 without a rival for more than 
 20 years! 
 
 A production of 60,000 ozs. 
 for 1914 is SOME PROOF! 
 
 The "ORICilXAL" Garhart 
 alloys contain the wording, 
 "Made by X. K. Garhart 
 himself." on every package. 
 
 Quick Setting 
 
 5 ozs. $ 7.50 (cash 5% ) 
 20 ozs. 25.00 (net cash) 
 25 ozs. 31.25 (cash S"/-) 
 
 Delivered to 
 Your Address 
 
 ' SPECIALTX. 
 COMPANY 
 
 BoilonMass. 
 
 5 ozs. $ 7.50 (cash 57c ) 
 20 ozs. 25.00 (net cash) 
 25 ozs. 31.25 (cash 5%) 
 
 Goldsmith Bros. Smelting and Refining Co. 
 
 Manufacturers of Dental Specialties 
 
 Gold, Alloys, Burs, Broaches 
 
 Cements and Teeth 
 
 Main Office, Heyworth Building 
 
 Chicago, U. S. A. 
 
 Horlick's — The originators of Malted Milk 
 
 were the first to secure space at the 
 Panama- Pacific Dental Congress 
 
 All Dentists are cordially invited to call at their 
 Exhibit, where Horlick's — the original Malted 
 Milk — will be demonstrated, and served in the 
 form of Ice Cream. 
 
 m 
 
 % 
 
 mm!,m^i^^m 
 
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 The Home of 
 
 fA^/:t 
 
 «%^'< 
 
 The 
 Healing Antiseptic 
 
 THE continually increasing popularity of "The Original 
 Zinc Chloride Preparation" with the Profession and their 
 patients is due solely to merit. We have always claimed 
 less rather than more for Lavoris, knowing that "results" from 
 its use would make a favorable and lasting impression. 
 
 We recommend Lavoris for any diseased condition or to 
 maintain a healthy condition of the oral cavity. 
 
 Lavoris Chemical Co. Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Charles Grafrath 
 
 Manufacturer of the most delicate and best tempered instruments. 
 
 All instruments hand forged. Send for catalogue. 
 
 360 West Fiftieth St., New York City 
 
 ARSENIC is painful and dangerous. Why give your patient needless pain. JO DO FORMAGEN 
 CEMENT is painless and harmless. It does not kill the pulp. It renews the vitality of the pulp 
 tissues It can be spread over an exposed or even highly inflamed pulp without pain. Not a failure 
 has been reported since 1897. Literature on request. Small package $1.50, large package $2.50. 
 
 Gustav Scharmann 
 
 Sole Importer 
 
 5ADWAY, New York, N. Y. 
 
 L. D. Mosher&Son ManufactureryfUn^nY.'a^^^nz^n^Y^^^^ 
 
 Strips, Pebble and Celluloid Polishmg Strips, 
 
 Extra thin and strong. Quick and Medium Setting Alloys. Carborundum Wheel Dressers, 
 Flexible Rubber Plate Finishers, Chisel and Scaler Sharpeners, 
 Paper and Cloth Disks, etc. :;:::::;: 
 
 3222 WALNUT STREET 
 CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A. 
 
 S. B. GRACIER 
 
 Pacific Refinery and Assay Office 
 
 409 MONTGOMERY ST. 
 San Francisco, California 
 
 Bullion Broker and Dealer in Platinum, Gold and Silver 
 Foils, Plate, Solder, Wire, Alloys, etc. Assay Value Paid 
 for Scrap Gold, etc. Filings and Sweeps Treated : : : 
 
 cable address. "RICHMAR" telephone KEARNY 786 
 

 Bristol-Myers Co 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
American Platinum Works 
 
 225-231 New Jersey Railroad Avenue 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 PLATINUM 
 
 Foil and Sheet, Special Soft 
 
 \/t/T r? Tj* Square, Triangular, Half Round and Round 
 W 1 IX r> Specially Hard, Medium and Soft : : : : : 
 
 Platinum Palladium and Gold Alloys for Orthodontia Work. 
 
 Platinum Tubing for all Purposes 
 
 Extra Pure Platinum Wire for Electrical Furnaces 
 
 Platinum Ware of every Description 
 
 M'^e Exchange, Buy and Refine Platinum and Platinum Gold Scraps 
 Also Dentists' Sweeps 
 
 New York Office: CHARLES ENGELHARD. 30 Church Street 
 
 Hood's Angular Handpiece 
 
 Sectional cut showing bearings with adjust- 
 able cap. 
 
 Eight positions at acute, obtuse and right 
 
 antjles, making the most difficult cavities easy 
 
 of access. (\ Made to fit all attachments. 
 
 SinJ for Descripti've Booklet 
 
 Mamifa^ured hy 
 
 John Hood Company 
 
 Samples and Booklet on Request 
 
 Supplied by Druggists all over the world 
 
 Main Office and Laboratories 
 
 THE DENVER CHEMICAL MFG. CO., NEW YORK, U. S. A. 
 
 Branches: LONDON : SYDNEY : BERLIN : PARIS : BUENOS AYRES : BARCELONA : CAPETOWN 
 Dentists should always WRITE "Antiphlogistine" to AVOW "substitutes" 
 
 ""^'Alii to 
 
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 f=-'i^k! 
 
The post-graduate feature alone is worth the price of tuition. 
 
 PREPARATORY to State Dental Examination of 
 Pacific Coast states, including Arizona and Nevada 
 — Army and Navy examinations, Civil Service for 
 City, County and State, Institutional and School work. 
 Further information and literature may be obtained at 
 the Congress by applying at information booth of Cali- 
 fornia Dental Supply Company, No. 86, or a postal will 
 bring you copies of recent examinations and any other 
 information you may ask. 
 
 Address all communications to 
 A. HALDEN JONES, A. M., M. D. 
 222 Bradbury Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
Dental 
 X-Ray Laboratory 
 
 A fully equipped Dental 
 X-Ray Laboratory will be 
 installed and at the ser- 
 vice of the Members and 
 Clinicians during the 
 Congress. Fourth floor 
 of the Auditorium, ad- 
 joining the Clinics : : : 
 The downtown labora- 
 tory will also be at the 
 service of the Congress 
 
 Franklin W, McCormack 
 
 X-Ray Laboratory 
 
 209 Post Street 320 Head Building 
 
 telephone sutter 2540 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 I FOUR "GRAND PRIX" IN FIVE YEARS | 
 
 GOLDEN STATE 
 
 EXTRA DRY : CALIFORNIA 
 
 CHAM PAGNE 
 
 Produced at Asti, California, by the 
 
 ITALIAN SWISS COLONY 
 
 Microscope FSS8 
 
 This NEW MICROSCOPE is unex- 
 celled for all around laboratory use. 
 
 Side fine adjustment 
 of lever type— simple, 
 durable and practical; 
 giving delicate move- 
 ment for high power 
 objectives yet rapid 
 enough for lower 
 powers. 
 
 Price $67.50 
 
 Descriptive circular 
 sent on request. 
 
 Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. 
 
 154 Sutter Street San Francisco, Cal. 
 Factory: Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Now that you have the name and addresses of 
 
 Gilfillan Bros. Dental 
 Supply Co. 
 
 Manufacturers and refiners of gold and 
 platinum. 
 
 .316 Federal Realty Bldg., Oakland, Cal. 
 161 North Spring St., Los Angeles, Cal 
 squarely before you, see that you become 
 more intimately acquainted with the mem- 
 bers and associates of this firm, in order 
 that you may more fully appreciate their 
 eflforts to give — 
 
 Service that sometimes makes you mar- 
 vel at the anxious promptitude with which 
 it is rendered; 
 
 Quality that often reveals a serviceable 
 superiority before unrealized, especially in 
 the newer lines of supplies, and 
 
 Prices that make each monthly state- 
 ment a book of knowledge on savings. 
 
 S. W. Gilfillan, Mgr. Los Angeles. 
 A. R. McCoNNELL, Mgr. Oakland. 
 
I 
 
 i 
 
 American Water Supply 
 Co. of N. E. 
 
 2S1 Causeway Si 
 
 Phillips' 
 Milk of Magnesia 
 
 ''The Perfea Antacid" 
 
 For Local or Systemic Use. Caries, Gin- 
 givitis, Erosion, Stomatitis, Sensitiveness, 
 Pyorrhea are successfully treated with it. 
 It neutralizes Oral Acidity. 
 
 Phillips' Phospho Muriate 
 of Quinine 
 
 Comp. 
 A Non-Alcoholic Ionic and Reconstruffive 
 
 With marked beneficial action upon the nervous 
 system. To be relied upon |where a deficiency 
 of the phosphates is evident. 
 
 The Chas. H. Phillips Chemical Co. 
 
 NEW YORK. LONDON 
 
 The Co-operation Necessary 
 by the patient to insure success in 
 pyorrhea treatment and oral prophy- 
 laxis is obtained by the patient's 
 regular daily use of 
 
 PYORRHOCIDE 
 
 N. B. — Pyorrhocide is not advertised to the 
 public, but is prescribed by more than 50,000 
 dentists and physicians who recognize its 
 superior efficacy in maintaining oral hygiene. 
 
 Write for literature 
 
 ^ 
 
 The Dentinol and Pyorrhocide 
 Company 
 
 Worlds Tower Building 
 110-112 West 40th St. New York 
 
 L. C. Lloyd 
 H. C. Lewis 
 
 Phone Oakland 8300 
 
 Lewis ^ Lloyd 
 Dental Laboratory 
 
 Crown, Bridge and 
 
 Metal Plate Work 
 
 a Specialty 
 
 Room 23 
 
 1128 Broadway 
 
 Oakland, Cal. 
 
 
EUREKA SUCTIONS (Patented) 
 
 Thousands have proven the "EUREKA" to be perfect by its simple renewing 
 
 feature — on and off in a second by patient. Upper or lower, $2. 00 per box of six. 
 
 EUREKA SUCTION CO., Loudonville, Ohio 
 
 FORTY years ago the Eckfeldt & Du Bois Standard Alloy dropped lilce a bomb on the dental 
 camp, knocking out old prejudices against plastics in general and amalgam in particular. It has 
 maintained that same independence of all other filling materials ever since and is as new and modern 
 to the conservative now as it is old and tried all round the world. Few new things can have the advan- 
 tage of age tests in service! Beware of piracy. Send for literature. 
 
 ECKFELDT & DU BOIS, 1314 Arch Street, Philadelphia 
 
 Post-Graduate Dental School 
 
 Complete Correspondence Course of Modern Dentistry in French, English, German, 
 Spanish and Portuguese languages. For announcement, testimonials, etc., address the Director, 
 J. M. G. KUKAY, A. B., D D. S. 
 
 1947 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Langer & Leahy 
 
 Dental Laboratory 
 
 ELKAN GUNST BUILDING 
 323 Geary Street : Room 619 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 Mario F. A rata 
 
 Dental Laboratory 
 
 Room 916 HEAD BLDG. 
 209 Post Street 
 
 Kearny 2182 
 SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco 
 
Manufacturers of Hl^h Grade 
 Dental Steel Goods 
 
 The U. S. Champion 
 Burs and Broaches 
 
 Are well known to be per- 
 fect "Machine Made." 
 q Delicate Nerve Canal 
 Instruments our specialty. 
 Q Our many years of suc- 
 cessful experience is our 
 guarantee. 
 
 6705-9 Conrad Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Hotel Dale 
 
 34 Turk Street 
 
 San Fraticisco 
 
 California 
 
 Telephone Franklin 3332 
 
 25^ per 
 Denture 
 
 Three-quarters of a sheet of base 
 rubber and half a sheet of pink 
 rubber for facing will usually make 
 one denture. Send us $1.00 for 
 sample box containing 
 
 THREE SHEETS 
 
 "Golddust" Rubber 
 
 Reif. U. S. Pat. Oil. 
 
 AND TWO SHEETS 
 
 "Maiden Blush" 
 Pink Rubber 
 
 and you'll have enough rubber for 
 four dentures, at a cost of only 25c 
 each. .'Knd because of the inimit- 
 able quality of Traun's products, 
 you know you have the best rub- 
 i)ers made. 
 
 "Golddust" Rubber, owing to its 
 scientific composition, makes fine, 
 light, solid, highly polished plates 
 — you'll have no more porous plates 
 when using it. 
 
 "Maiden Blush Pink" is the Facing 
 Rubber "par excellence." 
 
 Traun Rubber Co. 
 
 Manufacturers 
 
 337 Broadway 
 New York 
 
 Enclosed $1.00 
 for Special Sample 
 of "Golddust" 
 and "Maiden Blush." 
 
,4^ 
 
 The World's Best Known Practitioners Are Using 
 
 JUSTI PORCELAIN TEETH 
 
 For All Branches of Prosthetic Dentistry 
 
 Are You? 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 H. D. JUSTI &f SON 
 
 Chicago 
 
 The Williams Gold Refining Company 
 
 Refiners to the Dental Trade WILLIAMS 
 
 The Universal filling Ci 
 
 Continuous Demonstration 
 Special Introductory Outfit 
 
 Buffalo, New York 
 
 ' READY MADLl 
 ^UNGUAL BAR! 
 
 18 K. Gold Cased $1.25 
 18 K. Gold Platinum 3.50 
 
 15,000 Dentists Use the Dentiscope 
 
 because its good light enables them to work more accurately 
 and saves their time — also their eyes. Send for circular. 
 
 Pittsburgh Electric Water Heater 
 and Sterilizer 
 
 - Quick — Sanitary 
 
 Heats in a Minute 
 
 PITTSBURGH ELECTRIC SPECIALTIES GO. 
 
 927 French St., PnTSBURCH, Pa. 
 
 //' //'. 
 
 //. PURITOL//.p«r. 
 
 PURITOI. Tooth Powder 
 PuRiToi, Tooth Paste 
 PuRiTOi, Tooth Brush 
 PuRiTOL Plate Brush 
 PuRiTOL Liquid Antiseptic 
 
 The articles of merit — nx)hy 
 
 'uritol Dental & Toilet Mfj;. Co. 
 Kansas City, Missouri, U. S. A. 
 
 PY-ZOSIS TOOTH BRUSH 
 
 ^Th(! Brush thai Fits the Inside of the Teeth) 
 
 Anhur E. Peck 
 M.D.. D.D.S. 
 
 Py-zosis looth Paste {contains Emetine) 
 
 \. h PECK MFC CO. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.. U. S. A 
 
WOODARD 
 CLARKE & CO. 
 
 Dealers in . . . 
 Dental Supplies 
 
 "WOOD-LARK" BLDG. 
 PORTLAND, OREGON 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1865 
 
 ARCHER & SCHANT 
 
 * " COMPANY ^"B 
 
 Sari Francisco Dental Supply Co. 
 
 the Dental line and absolutely 
 
 204 Commercial Bldg. VVe carry everything 
 
 833 Market Street guarantee all our goods. 
 
 We allow a discount of ten per cent from one dollar up- 
 wards excepting precious metals, and pay postage and express 
 charges. 
 
 We accept gold scraps as cash and allow full value and 
 give equal attention to either small or large orders, 
 WE WANT YOUR BUSINESS. 
 
 Phone Kearny 5048 
 J. Fronts, Manager 
 
 P. L. Ansell 
 
 Roentgenologist 
 
 409-10-11 Thomson Building 
 Oakland 
 
 Phone Berkeley 2190 W. P. Dunning 
 
 Dunning LMboratory 
 
 2042 University Ave. Berkeley, California 
 
 Blue Island Specialty Co. 
 
 Orthodontic Appliances and Supplies 
 Blue Island, Illinois, U. S. A. 
 
ARDICO 
 
 TOOTH POWDER 
 
 A physiologically correct and scientifically approved dentifrice, for the 
 prevention of 
 
 PYORRHCEA AND 
 DENTAL CARIES 
 
 Ardico Tooth Powder is an efificient frictional dentifrice, completely and readily 
 soluble in the fluids of the mouth. It presents the organic fruit acids in a com- 
 patible, soluble base and in proportions in which they may be safely employed 
 continuously, with beneficial effect to the tooth structure and to the mucous 
 epithelium. For further information and samples address 
 
 C. M. ANDREWS 
 
 Dealer in Dentists' Supplies 
 
 HoUingsworth BIdg. 
 
 Los Angeles, California, 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
 PACIFIC DENTAL SUPPLY CO. 
 
 412 W. Sixth St. 
 
 New Location 
 Suite 1210 Baker-Detwiler Bldg. 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 A. J. BROWN CO., Dental Supplies 
 
 505-506 Butler Building 
 SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 Goldsmith Bros. Specialties Evslin Interchangeable Teeth 
 
 203-212 Cons. Realty Building 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 Vincent Matraia, President 
 
 Julius Eppstein, Secretary 
 
 Art Floral Company 
 
 (Incorporated) 
 
 For Cut Ftoiuers, Floral Designs and Table Decorations 
 
 T 
 
 HE Pieper exhibit, showing "Diafram" Casting Flasks and Casting Outfits, 
 is located near the head of the first aisle to the left of the main entrance. 
 
 PIEPER DENTAL MANUFACTURING CO. 
 
 SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA 
 
A complete line of Dental Supplies 
 will be found at the 
 
 Western Dental Supply Co. 
 
 If in Salt Lake, would be pleased 
 to have you look us up 
 
 SALT LAKE DENTAL 
 LABORATORY 
 
 Where you get Service 
 and Quality 
 
 311 Kearns Building 
 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 
 
 We NewhOUSe Hotel .„„ Koo..-Eve.v .0. an o.sia. .0. .UH a b.., 
 
 SALT • LAKE • CITY • UTAH ^^ ^, ^ Rates $1.50 and up 
 
 The Newhouse Hotel is the latest word in structure 
 [^3 and equipment. F. W. Paget, Manager. 
 
 The J. Durbin Surgical and Dental Supply Company 
 
 We carry a complete line of Dental Equipment, Teeth 
 
 and Dental Supplies. Your next Dental Outfit should be 
 
 installed by "Durbins". We guarantee satisfaction. 
 
 Mail orders promptly and accurately filled. 
 
 332-334 Main Street Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 Science Triumph 
 
 A Mouth Mirror you can Sterilize A Broach that is Unbreakable 
 
 Manufactured by Union Broach Company, Inc. 
 
 New York, N. Y., U. S. A. Ask for catalogne and pHce list on all our instrumenU and speHalties 
 
 Famous Fidelity Polishing Motor 
 
 X-Ray Coils 
 Surgical Instruments 
 
 ..for.. 
 Dental Surgeons 
 
 PERCY J. MEYER iff CO. 
 
 359 Sutter Street • San Francisco 
 
 Sutter 2190 
 
 ^■KfHfl^ Why pay more when 
 
 ^^^^^HrH Complete with attachments 
 
 ^^■^■B as illustrated, and variable 
 
 ^^■VT speed for or 
 
 ^^^^^■tt direct currem. «14.00. 
 
 ^^^^BB^ Order direct or throuch your 
 
 ^^"^^^^ suaded to"take''a substitute' 
 
 Fidelity Electric Company Lancaster, Pa. 
 
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Index 
 
 Argentina 23 
 
 Australia, Dentistry in 25 
 
 Austria-Hungary, Dentistry in 29 
 
 America, Dentistry in 14 
 
 Announcements, Congress 80 
 
 Announcements of Clinic Committee IIT 
 Committee of Organization !) 
 
 Committees, Local 10-11 
 
 Program 
 
 Clinic 
 
 Exhibit 
 
 Transportation 
 
 Ladies' Auxiliary 
 
 Local Arrangements 
 
 Entertainment 
 Committees, Foreign G7, (58 
 
 Committees, State and National 
 
 Executive (iO, 70 
 
 Clinic Committee 10 
 
 Clinic Committee, Announcement of 117 
 Commission, Pacific Dental Congress 9 
 
 Canadian Dentistry 31 
 
 Chile, History of Dentistry in 33 
 
 Colombia, Dental Profession in 35 
 
 Cuba, Brief History of Dentistry in 37 
 Clinics, Section on 117 
 
 Churches 140 
 
 Congress Announcements 80 
 
 Commercial Announcements 147 
 
 Denmark, Dental Profession in 39 
 
 Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity 85 
 
 Dentist, The — An Appreciation 125 
 
 Exhibit Committee 10 
 
 Entertainment Committee 11 
 
 England 41 
 
 Exhibits, Hygiene, Dental Pedagogics, 
 
 Histological, Anthropological a n d 
 
 School Clinics 89 
 
 Exhibitors and Their Representatives, 
 
 List of 145 
 
 Executive Committees, State and Na- 
 tional ()9, 70 
 Foreword 5 
 Finland, The Dentist's Work in 45 
 France, Synopsis of the Evolution of 
 
 Dentistry in 4G 
 
 Foreign Committees 67, 68 
 
 Fraternities 85-88 
 
 Guatemala, The Dental Institute of 48 
 
 General Information . 141 
 
 Hawaii, Dentistry in 51 
 
 Hospitals and Sanitoriums 138 
 
 Ireland 43 
 
 Italy, The State of Dentistry in 49 
 
 Information, General 141 
 
 Japan 53 
 
 Local Committees 10-11 
 
 Ladies' Auxiliary Committee 11 
 
 Local Arrangements Committee 11 
 
 Membership and Rules 73, 74 
 
 New South Wales, Dentistry in 26 
 
 Netherlands 55 
 
 New Zealand, Dentistry in 56 
 
 Officers 9 
 
 Pacific Dental Congress Commission 
 Panama-Pacific Dental Congress 
 Committee of Organization 
 Organization, Committee of 
 Pacific Dental Congress Commission 
 Panama-Pacific Dental Congress 
 Program Committee 
 P. P. D. C, History of Organization 
 
 and Promotion of 
 Peru, Dentistry in 
 Philippine Islands, The 
 Porto Rico, Dental Association in 
 Program, Synopsis of General 75-79 
 
 Psi Omega Fraternity 86, 87 
 
 Panama-Pacific International Exposi- 
 tion 130 
 Points of Interest in San Francisco 
 Sweden, Dentistry in 
 Salvador, Dental School of 
 Sections, Officers of the 
 Societies, List of 
 San Francisco History 
 San Francisco, How to See 
 Sanatoriums, Hospitals and 
 Transportation Committee 
 Trips, Short Out-of-Town 
 Telegraph, Cable and Express Offices 139 
 L'. S. Navy, Development of Dental 
 
 Service in 21 
 
 U. S. Army Dental Corps, History of 19 
 Xi Psi Phi Fraternity 88 
 
 9 
 
 ^ 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 fP 
 
 10 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 61 
 
 
 63 
 
 
 134 
 
 
 64 
 
 
 65 
 
 
 71 
 
 ; 
 
 81-83 
 
 
 127 
 
 1 
 
 133 
 
 
 138 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 137 
 
 
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 Mill 
 
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 11 
 
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 J 
 
394187 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
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