f'- V,o:- ..^ University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 305 De Neve Drive - Parking Lot 17 • Box 951388 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed. -.«J^ 13 »^'': / SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES FROM SIERRA LEONE BY NOETHCOTP: W. THOMAS, M.A., F.RA.L, etc., GOVEKNMENT AXTIIKOPOLOGIST. LONDON: HARRISON AM) SONS. 1916 {Copyright.) I \ LONDON : HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY, ST. martin's LANE. / stack Annex "PL CONTENTS. Introduction « Phonetic System Timne, Bulam, Kiini, Kisi Liiuba Susu, Koranko, Yaliuika, Kouo Vai, Mendi, Loko ... Gola, Fuki Kisi, Gola, Dtjwoi, 'Basa, Pwese Vocabularies Notes on Kisi ... Stories — Bulani, Liniba, Susu, Kono, Lnkn Tones in Bubni and Loko ... ... PAGE ... 5 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33 10, 14, 18, 22 26, 34 11, 15, 19, 23. 27, 35 36-42 43-51 52,53 54-60 61,62 \ / INTUUDUCi'lUN. Tliesc vocal lulai'ics were collected dnriiiij my recent tour in Sierra Leone. A]i,'irt from Timne, to which some attention was devoted, I have no knowledj^e of tlie languages recorded, and some of the specimens, notably Susu, in the portion relating to the personal pronouns, appear to l)e very erroneous. Loko and I'luLmi weie vccurdcd from iiKirc tlian one informant, and where tlu'v (lifter tlie xei'sion of tlie more reliable one, who .spoke excellent English, is taken, and Gola, \'ai, and Krim were recorded with the aid of a Mendi-.speaking interpreter, as were also two Mcndi Nocabularies, of which one only is given in extenso. Kono, Susu and Klsi were record(>d fnnn infcan'(l to liavc forgotten his own language to some extent, and .systematically onntted the ]ihnal termination me. ]>oth Susu and Vai informants prefixed i to many of the nouns ; but I was imable to ascertain the cliange in meaning, if any, which this caused. The same applies to the Limba. suffix lia and oilier jiarticles. As my Kisi vci-ord differs considerably from that of Koelle, I ajipend his in square brack(>ts in some cases. A curious instance is the word for eye, which he gaves as hol^;n,and I recorded as Imtin ; iiis MS. is clear, so that an error in readuig is excluded. Koelle's Vai words are also appended in some cases ; but his (hctionary omits many words nu'iitioned in his grammar : c.;/., du and ku, both meaning house. Some Vai words a])pear to begin witli 1. Koelle's dictum notwitiistanding : but, as stated above, the informant was forgetful and the xoeabulary is \inrevised. Words in* round brack^^ts are apparently redundant. In order to facilitate reference the vocabularies are printed in the same format and pagination as those fi-oni S. Nigeria. PHONETIC SYSTEM. Consonants. \ b. 111. V), resembles gb ; with glottal stop ; often ii. near p. X, as ch in loch. d. f. f, bilabial. g, as g in get. s. J, fricative, as g in N. German Tng. s, fricative, as in slioio. g, k, palatalised sounds resembling j, or t, postdental, unexploded ; resembles I'l, velar nasal, as in sing. ir, long held out n. P- r, flap r as in run. T", rolled r. eh, but apparently produced with the back of the tongue raised and tense. They are commonly written j in English. h (rare). k. k, as kw. 1. 1, pronounced with tongue against teeth, almost as d. English th in sound. t (ts), retroflex t, often heard as tr, or c. /, as th in thin. V. v, Ijilabial v. w, w with lips drawn back. w. Vowel's. a, fathei-. a, as in man. 9 !(, the (before consonant). A, liut. e, closed e, as in Fr. ett e, very close e. e, let. ai. au. i, eat. i, bit. i, very short i. 0, French cau ; closed o. g, all, pot. u, fool. u, full. Diphthongs. oi, oi. ui. ^1. 81. Sounds as in S. English, except \vhere otherwise noted. Tones. liigli ; ' low : "falsetto (long). A few words aio spoken in falsetto and the .sj'llable is then very long. The letters are proiioiiiiccil approximately as in S. English, unless othei-wise stated. In tlie Gola word dua (child), tlie d might be produced with a ten.se back tongue and .some palatalisation ; but I could not satisfy myself that this was its nature ; it may have been g with some vai'iation ; I found no retroflex d (or t), otherwise the sound niiglit !iave been put down as d. Probably it should be written hi a. In some of Koelle's K]nvese words a is used where Westermann {Mitteihiiujni desOnentalischen Seminars, XIII, iii, 58) had q: as "Westermann, however, explains that the § sound in question can readily be mistaken for a, we may probably conclude that this sound is not unlike that of S. Eualish a in man. SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. TiMNE. BUL9M. Krim. Klsi. 1 Head abomp bol bon boli(n) 2 Hair afon (sing.) ran gde yindg(n) 3 Eye rafor hoi taun ligteii [holeii]' ' Two eyes §for ygran h^I ta taiV taun tayiii ligtaii daiitiqi> 4 Ear abns nui tan ye niiiii Tim ears ... Qlaiis yareii uui ta teii nye tayiii niraii dantign 5 Nose asot min kum^ii ... niilindo 6 One tooth ... rasek riu can bol ... kucaii kinde Five teeth ... ^sek tamat ncaii man muca inuinigii .. . kindo niuiiwgnu 7 Tongue ramer malan diiiyQlt; ... ' ... UL8iM. Keim. Kisi. 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 5.7 58 59 60 Five Six Seven M(jht Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Twenty A hnnrhrd . Two „ Four „ Sun Moon Full moon New moon Bcnj Night Morning Rain Water BlooJ Fat... Salt... Stone Rill Fiver Rocui House Two houses . . . Many „ All the houses tamat rukiu d§ran resas renanle tofat tofat nin tofat maran kalia keuifj kiu t^mQ taraii tem§ tanle aret aiiof ail of ala anof ofu arei tatak bat Eoof kqm. ma lit niatir olioi ni§r- asar- katiii kabaii aron aset Qset yQran eset §V)9ti §set b§ otina man inanbol ... man tan . . . mantaii la mantoi'i liigl wan wanebol ... wan§t8ii kononq . . . kpno ainya men... kono ainya wan... §nuQn nu^nr) nuQnyin ... nu^nga . . . nuQiihiol... wa n(jmQ n^yiu ... yipiano ... ipia (nanuen) hundo yin kqiio ainya koiiniiQ liuiulo hinl (l§)pal . pail pan pey^. pan Sana. pal, udoQ. cqI esq PQ men iikqii iigwq ihi^l pe ri^ii hial nahe kil kil tatai'i... kil t9b§ . .„ kil tal'ii . . . kil qtoke... depande ... yipaii ... yipaii peya yipan yana yipale kule kusq hoe ni§n masen niaicoi ihi(^ pep yiwqii jaqnma . . . nai box boki tayiii boki takwi boki tal'ii... bagakox . . . iiweiiu I'lwnmpuni nwQiniun nwqmaia invqiuahiolu (wan)tc) tn Qp§lc to aminii bidiii { k§mq k^mq latioii kerae laliiolu palen [la, 'epala] pange pange obqndo bendui paiige s^neyu pal^ii (?) ynnida d'ulipiin piq m^ndai'i kowan kqiyaii hql§ povo [podo] loande peb^ndo neyo ' keyo ' kerau dantiqii kqrau dambobo keyo fan siqlan ' From a MS. SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. 13 LiHBA. Sella. Safroko. Biriwa. tasghi • sofuntei sQutaii sQiitatati SQutanaii kdlii ... • kolii fuiitei kc}hi Qtaii kgnto kaii k^iuQ huntei kQuiQ kai k§m§ kanau kail . . . senke senk§ untiiii seiike ooama loxq... fQllknl^ saiika' koyuii maudi wasi . . . niatului'i met . . . laga . . . kiiseri inaiiko pona ... banka banka iuibaii ban kai i bankai nfgma abune ka.sobi sghaiite ... snnkale . . . .SQiikatat .. SQukana ... kn knhi iii haute ki)hi III I'lkak' knhi kale k^me wunte kQine mbiili k^me nibina kanwo . . . s§nk§l§ . . . s§iik§l§ otine s^uk^lQ tjiiaiiia nuilnko f\viy§ sankala koyon iiiandi masini inatuluii met liurak kuseri sqU kasohi ... sohaute ... sgnkale . . . sqnkatat... SQiikauan kohi kqhi ni haute kqhi iikale kqlii kale k^nie wunte kqme mbiili k^nie nibina kanwo kan SQuk^lQ . . . s^nkqle otiiie squk^>l§ giiama Igkg fwiyg sankala koyg- mandi mare matiilun niQci huiaga ku.seri s§li Tonko. kasglii SQnhantg. . . HQiikale . . . SQnkatat . . . scjnkanaii kqhi kqhi ni liante kqhi nkale kqhi kale kqme wunte kqni(! mbiili kgme mbiua kano senktjlq ^. .. squkqle otine sgi'ikglg qiiama malqkq hqnkqbtj sankala Warawara. . kasqlii 35 . sqhante 36 . sqnkaie 37 . sqnkatati 38 . sqnkanan 39 . kqlii 40 . ihante 41 . Qkaig 42 . kquto kaie 43 .j ktjiu§ I 44 . kqiuQ kaie 45 . k^iuQ kanau 46 . kan 47 . s§nkQ 48 .1 kubuuka . sqiikelq qi'iauia ... niqiupe 49 ... uiahqnbQ ... sanka koyo koyo 50 maudi maudi 51 maran masi 52 matuluii ... matuluu 53 mqci nigci 54 huraga ... hohika 00 kuseiiko ... kusqle 56 maudi ma maudi inandi mamandi . Oj bqna bqiia 58 baiika baiika 59 bnuq ... ...| bqna Ijaiika ... ...' baiika baiika qmbale ... baiika qmbale ... baiika ^mbale ... baiika qmbai baiikaqmba iiiande bar.kaqnibamande baiika gml)auiaudc bauka(^mba luaude baiika gmba foma baiika ginba foma I baiika gmba foma baiika homa inabumgma hubiriha .. kutoliua 60 ' k was pronounced as g by a second informant. 14 SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. Susu. KORANKO. Yalunka. Kqno. 35 36 Five Six suli seni lolu woi-o sulu seni §lulu ^wolq 37 38 Seven Eight siilii firi solo masaxau Worn ila se solo f^ri solo masaxe ijwQf^la ^sq 39 Nine solo iiani kononda solo ma nani ^kqnqtg 40 41 Ten Eleven fu fu num keren ta ta niiikile tan (go fu) tan aniim kede ta ta kuma dondq 42 Twelve fu num firin ta nle fila fu ninn fidi ta kun'i ef(^la 43 Twenty iiiqxgiiiye niukan moxQiny^ mqdqndo bande 44 45 A hundred Two , kQm§ kereu kerne fiiiu k^m^ kile ki^me fila k^mq k§d§ k^nie firi k§m^ dgndo kt;iii^ fqla 46 Four „ IvQiuQ nani k^ni^ nani k^mq nani k^mq nani 47 Sun soge tele soge tQle 48 Moon Full moon ... Neiu moon ... kike kike otalafi kike u§n^ kare kare aresikqnkola kare kurq kikena kikq batarafe kiktj n^n^n kalu kangula afa kalu uama 49 Day Niyht Morninfj Iqxq kvv^ kisigi tele suye soma iQXQna kwgua xQtqni bi pinibi saunia 50 Rain tune Ijande, stjiVke tul{;na sona 51 52 53 54 55 56 57. Water Blood Fat Scdt Stone Hill River wuli turi g^me gea dabunji yie bakq livqre kqke kure kqnke yig^na wula ture fox§na gqmena geana k«dena wuli atulu kwq sinQ kqiigoq yiwi 58 59 Boad House Two houses ... kira banxwi lianxwi feriuji kil^ bqii bnii fila gorona hankena baiike firin kila k§n§ kqnq fila Many „ All the houses banxwi wiari banxwi birin Iirjn s^re bcjn dania banke Ijirin l)anke foua ktjnq akqko k^n^ ab^ 1 60 Hoof banxwi kundi bqii tuaue xoua solo bila SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. 15 Vai. Mendi 1 CBa). Mendi II (Pujehuu). solii •.sDldinlij lulu weta ngghita soiiift;ra sonsaija bqfele waiapa wqfela waiakwa llgq fqla ngo sajia son nani tabo tawo karabu taii pii pu pu tari akq Inndn l)u man vela, ita pumaiya pu nuiliun ira tan akn t'tjra pu man fele pu nialiun fe mqbande nubwqyqngq pu bufe hQndo hondq ft;ra nu Iqhi bwqyqugq uu pu ^oi ongq k^me yii'a k^me fe hgndq nani mi nu bwqyqngq k^me nai tele bwovqi'lgq fole fo kalo kalo lafai ugawi ngawi vende ngau {=egii'ikari junkaii ... ])iiikaii ... kuyoiulm kulQiubii... kulfiiubo... liara ... liara .bara kain])a tat kanipa ... tati kampa ... caci ofwiyc tambili ... tambili ... VY" k^udg kgiido k.isa kqsa kn.sa baf baho baho knlri bet ^l\'li teii b^t bole but aljgt kutgn bt^ti mbole iw'i'l'aga t§ teli t^ teli t§ teli fell fuutei ... feli hunto feli huiite okegQu kobniikoi'i batutu ... lantamparati batutu- b§be wrisi ... bawosi wosi kuiuui luoli kuiuoli ... bmii^ buin§ buniQ tQim... bncoiia ... ueqno kwiin kwiye kwiyqu liaie^n'i knlii ... iiaieii kobe iiaigii kghe lubiiiupa inboinpa ... bom pa ... bana. .. nbana ubaua Viaiia... tehia hupoiupoii kutaiik ... baniaude... kutaiike ... inaiiil^n' inand^re... inaiidqve... iiiayn Ill ay a m-dja yorimio togue boiida wutnkie ... VQi-em^inbi tggiu! ... kiite oniandi boudani betokie... teii woiiiandi kute oy^te ... ten woyQte m Tonko. Warawara. ' iiialuti liobiygii 61 kmvatago kubfjli 62 63 kuwatago knbqii liubodo ... ulJoclo kiiyuiia 64 dundu, kuHU hodunde, ku.'^uii busogoro huyoki 65 iiibq iiibo 66 ! kul')Qgqdi hio kn.suiia ho]iwi(; 57 68 matanli ... liut(,'lima 69 iiiatantiembasfjhi 1 att^linia iiasqlii ' ])iid ndave ndaya sele sele y^ninga bana inani sandi nyu§ [nyui-i)] nyui "79 gende nik!li n!kili njaga t\du "" iigule iigwa niusu nyaina ■ nyaha pobiahwi nyaha wohana musii nyama nyaha pobiahwi nyaha wohai wulu k^'Uia ngel awai ugia wana widu \m figel awi ngel alui ngia woiona 62 6:5 G4 65 66 67 68 G!) 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 00 •91 92 93 94 95 96 97 OS 20 SPECIMEXS OF LANGUAfiES. TiMNE. BUL8M. 99 j The doff hiUft 100! The (loij hifcs me ... 101 T/ic dog wliirh hit me yesterday ant9n on.ii'i aut-au oiianii aiiten ow' oiiami dise 102 / hat the dog ... isap antaii lOo I The dog whirli Ihave antfiii owe ipo saj^e ' beaten 104 T .see him ... ... iiiai'iko JTe sees you ... ... ouauiu He sees us ... ... gnsusu We see yoih {plural) son an u We see tJiem ' sanaiia 105 Beautiful hird 106 Slave My slave Thy „ ... Our slaves . . . 107 The ehiefs .slave His slave 108 IVe see the sletve 109 IFe ndl the .slave 110 llie slave enmes . abamp obotikali .j Qtar J Qtar kami (jtar kamu an tar asu Qtar ka Qbai Qtar koii sanank Qtar satila Qtar . .. ntar oiler 111 I He came yesterday ..J oder dis He is coming to-day [ He will eome to- I morrou- 112 i The slaves go away... 113 j Who is your chief? oder tonon Qtader ninon antar ankono kanei oliai kanui tnmwe wokoijl ... tumwe koehni ... tumwe VVQ ko^lnii c^nca abnn tumwe tumwe wQn§ wq akonbun akewQ wnnkeniQ wonkehi . . . li^n eko t;uQ ln;n eko (»na ve kalan . . . wono WQUQ mie wqnQ mot;. wonQ llie... WQUQ be ... wonon wQ (hin)ika wouQe iwal w-onoe Kui.M. tunbe acin tnnba alcenme tunba akimao akew"anke §kee afenye tunbe .. tunba wafenie akeo . . . . QkQUl . . . wok on... yikemu ■ i yikinaulii w^p ok^ne wonu ... wonu mitj yaun vule wonu (?) wonu bei wonue ake wonu (?) ... iweniwonu wonu muie won hi'm cenca ... ^ -I WQn WQliime nande WQn bialiun Ijan. .. awQUQQ uakgni . . . liina wql§ bea liqnoe ohun ca ... hunyepa ^le ... ... wekwaun hun ...j awQgeiia Qp^kon(?) ..." bq mwe bine . . . 114 The fivo villages are mcddiig war on each other tapet taraii tatimauQ rafa tacQ nan tij'in ... tapotayin rawo kupemgwe 115 The Sim i-ises aret raput pale lolio qpandfjgq wo ... The sun sets aret rawon pale Iqduko epand^ge duge 116 The m,an is eating . . . Qtim Qdi laiiba wojo nq som aso 117 The man is drinking otem omau DQ Wokul nq qkun 118 The man is asleep ... otem gdira o nQ wqIqI ... "qIq SPECIMENS OK LANGUAGES. LiMBA. Kisi. Sella. Safroko. luiido kela ico tuu dolo icijndu iiducenom nducena naueuia iiacQiida yewo k^ndo keiido ken keya keonom keQua kemasa keqiulii iiake ken iigwehii ken ken hii nhuu ke olmii hau oliim sqde ken knn omasa uia kiite onagi kute onagi ama . . . kute onagi hevama n kontao kute I'nvo kute wotaiiki antsawawo aiikuteni... dekuti'iiia dekuteniiiia niinkut(!biute niiiikut iienebinte (') ... bet oyahnyi wayi wayi wokiaii (?)... wayin * ... bayintu ... wayi wopagu wayi nauia mi minkute wayi mi nnnti wayi ... wayi ndese nd^.se ben ndewoiise b§ nd^wonse mempQ e liayi mbe binde kei mbn bagu kenda ten won ak^ ten won yama ten won (jfehin yama yan padan teiin ten woi')adan yaoi'i 99 100 101 102 103 yaiikuteni ndekuteina ndekutemiiia minkutisbeua minkute bin 104 .. beei wuteme kaneka .. wall 10.5 106 . . wall mo .. wali da;yi .. mbaliii tube .. wali wotapabo 107 .. wali namaiui .. minkute waleo 108 .. min yuu waleo 109 walio se 110 nde.se fche nd^kose f^j nd^kose n§mp§ 111 nibali mbe kayike 112 .. wu mt;k pabmida U::! tabigidi tatai te toiiogo yumbo... mecii'i nuilinui dijgQle pa§u deflote pa^n deralin kndi (moiiio) waua pqn kum nyaii wan doco main kawon t^ri kawoii tnve owatei knu ton ... bowatei wautii ... howatei on donini kaiiwn fiin kaiiwo bill hailaiiba wotoii howatei wotie howatei wonine lU 115 116 117 118 99 SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. m 100 101 102 lo.-! 104 105 106 107 108 ion no 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 TIic dor/ Mf.rs The doji hitcs vie Th£ dog which bit me ?/rderdai/ I heat tim dotj The dog 'ivhich I have beaten I see him ... He secf yon... He sees 7« ... We see yon (plural) We see fheni BcautifiU bird Slave My slave Thy , Our slaves ... The eliiefs slave His si a re W( see (lie .sli(7'e Susu. ' Kqxo. bart; nn;xi oxin bart^ batanxiii bai'tj mbombo xom inbare boiiibn mbave ualiam bninbg xanmnto (?) aito (?) awauto (?) niQiotu (?) iietu (?) ^VQiii faiiiyi kunyi makunyi ikuiiyi won (biri lua) kunyi inai'ig'(^ kunyi ibekunyi (?) wobara kunyitn Wr eidl ihi slave ... wnbava nig kunyi Imli The slave eomes He eaine yesterday ... afa kuru He is earning to-day afa tu He vill eome to- afani atina momnr The .slaves f/o airay... kunyi Ijavasitia kunvi batafa Wh(i is your ehief? The two villages are making war on eaeli other The sun rises The sun sets The man is eating ... Till iiani is drinking T/tr 11/ a II is asleev ... eniangendira ta fgrinji ggrixi sog^ liava ti sogt; bara so xeme sie dunia x^nie ase aniima xeme axinui wu lalxin wu lankin vvu kekunu aiikin na wuk pa/e na wu m^n pa/e naiye neye faukuim anjenfa naiygnfa nawuye kondenyi yqne naynne • yone wane ygne mfane manaa yone niQna ygne naygne nj^nfa nayqne nke yone ua anawon kunu eua bi t}nQ,wa sina ygne nta nyonui niausaia dui fila anakt}te tele ijkaine tele bilala kaia ene dgmtima dontina kamtjne ami kannjne kinola Vai. wuli^ aikii'i wuli^ auga akin wuli^ kunu aunkin na wuli ebasi ngawa wulie tjbasi (?) naf^ auiift; ? amnf(^ nigife (sing.) mwami (bi) fe kgnti ainyi alemu najgi'i woajon niaajgmu nianja ajou yajgu moa jQii fe moa Jon (^.kole Jgn^ ana ana kunu ena wt; i^nawa kt;.siua jo^n andata yamanja muigg sanja ft^le akeleke tijltj akauma ttjl(j blat;niu mg bijfe dgna mo befe mina niQ tjbtjkilQ SPECIMENS OK LANGUAGES. 23 Mendi j ('Ba). Mendi 11 (rujeliun).' LOKO. ugelo uyia ngele nyainyinga iigele bii'igiini nyainyiii iigelc cnyi iigia iii ngia iiyaiii ngia na uj-aiiini wajj 09 lOO 101 I'lgingili Icwtjndo I'lgilc iia I'lgiude wi'iii ngi iigiaiia l^walii iigiana iigipahi 102 10:; iiii'igedoiulo eiiyailoiKly vuu) (lot;ii(lo iiiihi doiiilo IHUti Igiidn iigt^iig^lgqln enyalg^lo eiiii) Iclg luolii lgi,'lg iiiiiti Igglg ngi ararg § baig ^ nuug nig wing in§ tirg 104 iiwdiii iiyandQiigg linve nyahnve biluwe ■ iiwei yandingn udua u^liiana lioluana 105 106 iiiuhiwe inalu' luwc iigeluwe mill hnve doiidg maluana maliana hiana nga luana mandua naig 107 108 lig'indii riido liiidg nnQ wi iiduaiui 109 iidue waiidci ndna ^ba 110 ewaudo lui'igi awa ha §v^l agwi ^baiyi we oba hai 111 awa siua • gba rai luluwe eya. yi.ilin'i nduai l.tli 112 yglii iiiahele enwg abiuia hana 113 tyi v^ngdiiia tsjkwe ggma lualaui tafengai tnkg wurang 114 foi bnmbu§ fdlo imiliwg fona hu 115 foi yinga Iiiiidui m^m^ma fona wura ndgpan are anieh^nwo 116 liiiidoi ajMiQ ndopan ar^ anjabog 117 hiiidoi yii'iga • ud()i')an arg ayi 118 24 SPECIMENS OK LANGUAGES. 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 / hrcak the dick The stick is hrokcu ... TJds stick cannot he broken Break this stick for me I have huilt a house My -people have built their houses yonder What do you do every day ? I work on my farm I am going away . . . I am hoeing I (mi going away to hoe I am going to my farm The looman comes . . . She comes ... The woman laughs . . . The woman xveeps . . . I ask the u'oman Why do you laugh! IVliy do you cry ? ... My eh ild is dead . . . It is not dead Are you ill / My child ven arc ill...'. Her chilli is letter . Yes M A fine knife Give me the knife . . . I give you the knife isim akant akaut kesima akant ake aliali^ kssim siiaami akaut ake iposet (aset) afam ami amposet ^set eyaii rolQiik^.ndo komayq areore iyn iiipaiit ka knv kami iknne -I T i yi akuta iko kuta iko ka kqr kami wunibom oder oder wunibom osel wuniljom gbok iyif wnni bom toreke mans^le tareke niboke owan kami ofi ofi e niontii'i anwut ami atui owan kon nfisa ko 111 ; riko m m atis afino talca mi autis itaka mu antis akiinbi toka tf}ka kokeutia tQkq kqct^nbo kentili nk^ntienii toko ... akoii roek kil I ainyamie nakoTi I'oek taiieko ... ' yemoua palopal ... aiia mpant ceko miei kqni kn aknnie ... kuta kwi'tkute koni koakiniie hakokuta akqnttigo tqk ... tokn gnkqnt ... toko c^ii bu k^ut nkqntamke tngweye ... aiyt;giy box auemamie agqx talJogita deiisqkeyqn yemuna kaitjnahe awome ik^gan koniioii aknnie aiyt;mena aluisuiiga kae... amko I'lusmitra ka konil<(> akoiiie cekemiko i ako ncekaueo nqme huu wnbun ... nome mam uqmq tan aiyi nnmq la mn mania la mq taiia tamie wu ceniwu ... mi'maka ... apaniamiq iia anaka tawe wqnsunk . . . aiyu _ ... a a ; ee . . . ko^ii la kalaii nkanii ko^nla akamo koenla numaniwi wqniwi nuiua mam numa gan aiyie numa laienda mama lai^laii gaiilia . . . hautekam wqwiu^ omawun riik^ue apuma hau§k§aa kasesena Ijatoko . aiyoniene (?) .. .1 ee ake leke keniu iQkende ak^niu lekqnde SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. Sella. LiMBA. Safroko. iyomi yQindo yniiido yom yoindn ho ocLiiili yoimuite yoiiiiai youidn mitai'i (ikeyo waiiaiiia datau gukeyo liabaiida \vrminkt;tu.sa cciiiane ? ikowalu tosa ukeoiiii yokwgiiu toako \va antink pkwionku ... ... yai'i tii'ik^jiiaiide kuyiiik kwigiiku okuLinkandc ... ... kuyii'iku tii'ikoi kwieiiku I'lkoi'i kaii(jtinkiMiaiid(^' ko kiiyiiiko kun.saimnko tiiikn 119 tinki ankwi nkii nkui'i tai'iki tiii abai'ika tii'ikiyai'i ko kuyiiiko van tole abanka 120 kul'jnii taiiki lor. tidiaii jfaiiLai'i... biaiiiobc toli bankena iiiPiiiba 121 kai'ika l)eiu wini timo tiiiia koui wali kayia kianka { yaiikei ... yankontoli yankoi kgnkci kaUdiia ... yantnlni kadiiukti kianka mbeiii wiiii eiiiio ciuii 122 yauko wali kaduiiipu bakai ampa ? yanko kayike 123 yando yoli yanko kai kayola yanko kai kadnnbo l)akayaniba walauii hundo wendu nianidn w(^nidu kai'i inyunan woudoho 1(; pniani ji.;no le enkan j^n^ pono vi [lono vigle veonagne [ajo nanen] pono knana ponu osengu m m rii nice k^nde kende kea nioe ik^nu m^kt; (?) yaranion tQi'i n(k>l('i yanuugn hetei ... yaranigi'i konibgii tontoni in woygr^jmon bi;lia, iirlc'i bt;lta bi^rgni' I'atiwo nda tncu ... bonda ose 124 nd(jse bonda ofete bonda oberen yan ton tqnon bonda 125 nd)o lai fete 126 uibf liai boke (or bQrene) 127 hacinwo tuku 128 luk^' tatucu nde tugeta 129 ^wgntona ndii tona 130 1 ni])atindii wnntona nipaei niobe atona 131 fati wo iiigliita ... liaei naniaan nitoi 132 ndo inlo 133 liin'i ^^ nibg gi yghgi 1 yonti tjini anui nibggi ... nibq ki loxgi dunmnenia nibgki 134 i dnnknu^na nibggi yan diunniiena niboki 26 SPECIMEXS OF LANGUAGES. 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 / hirak the dick The dick in broke a ... Thvi ■'itick cannot be broken Break this dick for me I h'Lxe built n house My people have built their houses yonder What (to you (1(1 every day ? / ^i'ork on my farm I am (joiiuj av:ay ... I a m hoeiiKj I am (foiiif/ airay to lior I am i/oiii(/ to my farm The ivoman comes ... She comes ... The woman laughs... The HHnnan ineeps ... I ask the vHiman Why (In you lavejh ? Why do you cry '! ... My child is droit It is not dead Are you ill '. My child ren a re ill . .. Her child is better ... iiiLata guri gira giui liata gira yi guri amgiro yi guri giraiiilie inbara banxiti luamniexii hanxitexi iiakiriiua inanitiniama liiX(i n loxo ? T -I iiamaxa ewalima lubai'a siga nmxebima mbasigania boki lioxacb usigaiua inaxniia giue Ijat afa afa giue bata yele giue bata wa uiljata giue myxwari iyele manam tira iwauiau amtira niatli liatafara Suifai-a ifuraka di uiadi t^furaxi madi bata yala Yes. No. A fine knife Give inc the knife ... I give you the knife ... mhiTi ...! ade rabata mini tiu^ma finefima mbata fiuefiuia nakoue (jkai kQue t^.kaila kgnj^ tjkai koujt} Qkaiuyt; uaken^SQ mbauiwtjnu auaua kiueso baude b§ka §f^uia mbewQk^tina uasenelo lub^ta tinawa kQf^ntina inb^tatina kofentiua mb^tatina squ^Io musu ua sungune ua (?) luusu y^nda musu adike ua umsu otis^ femu cyeuda feuiu edikiii nadtjntua afala amafaui ibandemfanm nadqu ^^audeuui nad^ne nafisal andena meuyi meauauje uam^bi ima SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. Vai. Mendi I ('Ba). L aieiiia pin yeiicqk yenc^k yampinde iiawqe yapoto nolnili... hqm mvvi^uQti hom mw^le kimono lemue (?) ^lemne ilemuq lemue hey^jn ... menma niaga taka k§iige tjlopeptjko jomde eko botal^ jfjndaniwela ken§ iendemo lalavvai •it -t -I yapi Imli y^ue oti y§n§ usa pQpe ondis PQpe oukeudis abale ... akt;mu eyape ... nyoge apenya opqiynn kniyqn liunytj dQgbqgumw^WQ bqgum we huleya bqguni liolqyoQii ye^mu oiiwuue aiyemai yon yip nc^gQ atenya keni^ {() SPECIMENS OK LANGUAGES. 29 Kisi. punqi tjconi iioiii wail olii'i vQiikoiii iiciiiikisi iioiiikoiii ilQraiiirai'i (?) ndia iioinda iiKTiilai'i ako talaiii iiioe ko iiio ]io woko yiiuU' ki) j'liMie b§rigo noil waua k^ndoii koni wando wo oninjoule yah um bokonam (?) otiui yec'imani nynho nsiai'i oicoui powolio oduserobQ powoho oluserule iKoe yawoponya iktjnqmia woke kwaya wokie JlUll ol)axo kenuiii doco kriiu ko iia kemi ko babaiida woye kneii gmbobo lt;pisine ^h^nanie hqndu suwo su ko kolo ouiiite Li MI! Sella. yanwn t'nfgii ayi.. . yi wo bqlqii avail yi yiiiiba luiyi ... ken keni kci'ikukia nibekeiida iiiaiidi man inakii'ika kubu lago iiibogi kii'ikii'i karagaha katiiiti.. Ijobiu'i liiikiu kasiiniliaha kajioti babunewoD kin katankaban katinti . yi aynhn fato walei wo aiiqiiq kutal'ia woi'ikon kufufc ... nta gin kin kiabqln nta gin pgt^ ragata adinibrj ... ragata adiinbeta... kgnpali ... diinknena kutabako kata kutabago kaingtiga kokci sailiiiiilo ... nibe bai'ikanda ... banka nibena (bimlo baiika iiibakiii kanka b^mwiiiyi liaiiiapgn kiiiiba bweya liQiii f§ni bQbweyamba auQuo Safroko. yandii fiife nido bgloi nido iisailiiroko keii kei'iko keiidako iiibekcinda inaiub' na bviloko nibgki kitutQii ka huraka ha bwibo bukiii kahQpntQ ha kapot iudo Iqhgi wosagatala wo sonkoi iitaki kifufe kinlaki kibqle kiutaki kipgtg noliiiraka lia adinilio noburaka lia bin dim betq yai'i abali yan (hiukunQug kutabako kata kutabalio ka ineeika kaike sad^iigoQ hindi) ]i yi l')(^pQiii haiii teingo haiii ji bgngn kntiji miniiigo kotiji iiiiui ginyqgQ ngikglevQbug yeakol^li teu le iiiia wabe mindo bebe ijna iiyabQ lobe uyabt; iiiia wunya bobiea bamaj^j uyalqiigg ngiuyi yea nyibiii geaiii nyamngg nu wcwe iiw<;aiige nil rere iiweabie Igiidq QUO nweaiige nda iiolaiia balana balalnve njarq tayauatiu mboga iiiaro kotuuanwa nggmbiiuarq fqiiaun be bweljpiigg ndapando indi nyoiio kqna kweyo hfjiidi teyn heudi pqwg kotii indi mij'g kotu iiidi ayiinvi ngeny^gi iigokgna hebi§ liakgna taua hu lia babe b§b^r§ iiami nab^vQ na rgbe nabfjr^ na igni^ b^nwQ bamasia nyena biugey^ "yqng 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 S2 SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. Tlmxh. BULGM. KlJIM. 148 149 150 151 Where is the man who killed the elcplmnt ? He has hilM mniiij elephants Blow many elephants were hilleil yester- day ? Untie it ... ...I sali ri Tic this rope kcjna wuni owe gdif oranka ? wona no wgji pie opodif tarauh toljati molo tarai'ik adif disa ^ vl/rtZ-f the hoy untie the goat My hrothers and I, ■we are going hut no one else Brothers, let us go and tell the chief This tree is bigger than that sek rabiiia ake yg owat qsali owir kouiji pies aljoe . . . pit;s awg iia poji cinca muti liipaut banko ua tamoe wuti kulunde.. auwgnt ami lupant uiauidQ uiyau sakqn^, kere wuni Igm kasai so koto, niankg tori gbai ibokgni mpant rcanii tjkoa hgmb§ aiiant aiiiyi abaua antasi ' tgko kobuni kocan kgne anan iiQJ§pep§^ ... ji §p§pQ sukwe qno eji pqp^ sokwise , nwiti ko sign bai'igue . . . yiman witi l)ilihe henyan Qnamie nwey^kwQ an^namie liinj'ekwa yengubeye tggw^n kocan kgnowe SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES, KiSI. owa iia di kamao ? LiMBA. Sella. Safroko. tohato watei okoie kanipaho ? ...j kaniQ liai iaiilia wo kgrQ kaiuijao f 148 yacli kamaiii vvur; iidie k(! kainaiii timhii'i yi yo lintlii'i po tibi kiiliudo ygmdo okobn moyaho udakoi(jiida kampgin Ijiboye tinia kaiiijio lii koif) hoi ? |>egaKi jugankala "ii'iki ... tat" k(|iii|)t;gi balio beiidando yaiido iiiinkiiukcn woh^nana satot bQiidan ifkai'i mlii' ka t('i')e f)agu kwignku iikii abnoi bagu nku . . . lule kori kampe iiibeniande time kanipo iiibo koro fei'i :' . pagila .| luka I'lkali kinki .! Ilia atitaleo be pagali lialio 149 iiibi'iiimube nyiyai'i uk nguli nama ngwni indi lubana 151 .•IG SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. 'GOLA. FULA. 1 Hccul li hgartj 2 Hair dum sukundu 3 Eye k iitQie (hiti,n-^) Two eyes f<; tie git§ didi 4 Ear nil uofiiru Two ears ... 11 u tie nopi didi 5 Nose soil [mill] kinal (?) 6 One tooth ... sTa nyir§ wgterQ Five teeth ... sia iinnu nyi'§ Jowl 7 Tongue mia [meliio, meru] derigal 8 Neck beii dand§ 9 Breast (^woman's) ... ya §ndu 10 Heart ki, pii Dernd§ 11 Belly sua redu IL' Back gave pao 13 Arm kwa JungQ 14 Hand kwa .pngQ Txco hands ... kwa tie judi didi 15 Finger sit} [ki^ro, siwe = haud] hondii Five fingers... sit} noiiu koli jowi 16 Fingernail... kniun f^daiign 17 Beg... golo [gun] koiiigal 18 Knee kuinbe {\) [g^nedi] howuni 19 Foot golo koiiigal ( = foot) Tioo feet golo lie kQid§ didi 20 Man {■person ) nyu ad§ Ten 'peoj)le ... nyu zia yimbQ sapo 21 Man {not iL'Oman) ... f(}Ia gQl-kQ I'wo men ... f^la tie worliQ diido (?) 22 Woman gQii d^b^ Two women goii tie reobe dido-(?) 23 ChUd tloa paiku (boy) 24 Father dada [k(}re] baba 25 Mother yeye [nye] 11 Qn^ 26 Slave lo [odo] kado 27 Chief kaiida alamdo 28 Frieml inotu [mo] gidn 29 Smith hum baiilo 30 Boetor go nyawundo'g 31 One gunu gg (got^l) 32 Two tie [tiel] didi 33 Three tai [tal] tati 34 Four tiue 11 ai .SPECIMBX.S OF LAN'GUAGES. FCLA. 35 :;() :iS 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 40 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 58 59 60 Five Six Seven Ei(jht Nine Tin Elnrn Twelve Twenty A Jmiidred Two „ Four „ Sim Moon Full moon . New moon . Dan Night MornuKj Rain Water Blood Fat... Salt... Stone mil Hirer Roacl House Two houses . . . Many „ ... All the hoicse.'< Roof IIQIIU di(jguu ditjtio (lielai di^tiiie t;zia zeve gun ■/.eve tie IJaiengu noiiu Ijaieusiu zia (e) gwtj [goye] (u)wa [wala] w;\ jatolo Wi'i le gwt;, iQwe dum iigewa (dawn) [nisia] nyi [duni] gw<7(nie) [ma, nimalc] we (stream), mbaima (drinking) ; [ngora] sen [sa] bu I (ma)liain [lian] duo [ndialei] tolo we [sura] doma sa [esa ; eonical, talio i;gili ; rcct- anyidar, balasa : irifh two-tdded roof, sagunia] sa tie sa zinbo esa bi sa dimr [safunda] Jsge y§ii clicli y^tati yqnei sapo sapo i go sapo i dido t^mdQ r^ t(.;nid§ didi tguidg '^uai nangQ iQwuru l§wuvu hgbini If'wuru oaouru nyalal kikid^ bindii nuiam yiy'am uofai ( = this is fat) lanidam haiivQ ^■llo kyangol ratal sudu tyudi didi tyiidi Inii tyudi dinifo sudu uyapandu 38 SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. llOLA. FULA. 61 Door {openiiiy) utjttj [sauyub^ ; Ijumle, door] clandjugal 62 Mat ga [gara] gat§ 63 Bashd puinii wa {fish-trap) dqb^r^ 64 Drum {wood) „ {skin) „ (pot) I'nil.i duiiduru 65 Pot g^i^- faA'aud^ 66 Knife kwoya labi 67 Speur l',^ laboru 68 Boi'j dipa laiuyal 69 Arroiv ka ndagawal (?) Five arrows ka nqiiu 70 Gv.n bama fiiikari 71 War dua konu 72 Meat {animal) yili [iri] teu 73 Elephant ... nya [siaya] mauba 74 Buffalo gi §da 75 Leopard k^n^bie [banana] botori 76 Monkey gauge kularu 77 Pig..'- nua [uyua] kos^ri 78 Goat baba, d'l mbe'a 79 Dorj sun(wo) [to agwi] rawandu 80 Bird woi sondu Feather dom lebi 81 J'arrot mambo sororu 82 Fold tQ gqrtggal 83 ^9!JS kulo bqt'nd^ 84 One cejij kulo gunu bqfQude 85 Snake (o) kaiyo [kali] mbotli 86 Frorj wolJQ tqtiru 87 Spider daf^ palardi (?) 88 Fly Sana tyodi 89 Bee gQi naku Honey gQinye juwuri 90 Tree ' ku [kuhi] legal Ten trees ... t^ku t;zia [ku zia] 1^ sapo 91 Leef tiiya hakg 92 Banana, bandaku banana Plantain ... bandabe 93 Maize di kaba 94 Ground nut ge tiga 95 Oil bii nyeban 96 The tall woman go miuia d^bo Jutulo The tall women go miiiia mulainy^ r^olie jiitub§ 97 Large dog ... sun be rawandii ujandu 98 Small dog ... sun tolon rawandu tokondu SPECIMENS OK LANGUAGES. :!9 GOLA. Fl.LA. 99 The dog bites ... sun \VQ ktjueii rawandu atiiua TOO The wu diu nayii t) I'lirowii diu ino nei i k()ga(^ negai ]jd)ue 9 10 uyo Bq 11 bwe ma wenyo 12 toma tunyo konu r.i (le (ma) de ■ 14 ]ua diua yua 15 ]ua (ga, cheek) diua (goba, elieeli) 16 woi wo da 17 tara tia ^ mobara 18 va va bara 19 blu mlado koana 20 1"' so wuya, wieko karaga 21 kokoli kg, kodc yetoi 22 bu ka, iiako dida 23 trii se 24 bt}tu bQ wulau 25 to po wara 26 bo bua koro 27 2a bosi bokle komu 29 l'.a ba bawela 30 kliye drara bo para koya 31 bladse { = boat-house) tobo para bua 32 {four-sided roof) bliye {two-sided roof) buda para dabua bo 1)0 para teka tiublo ; kia {tludch) k5 ■ 34 bake baju dasiei 35 ko mia, miiiya mina 36 37 libikau bino kaxini kuie 3S iiikawa toba, towabo tea 39 gai ge, da bua kuta 40 41 gleblg gepQ Mi - m^^ 42 43 nQU (?) iiai \ 44 foiwa, bloiwa vvruyua i\\{ = lm(rt) 45 pa piUUl ily 46 fai buro burobli 47 48 46 SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. 1 Km. GOLA. 49 (Kisi) Tongue kisiye : kalen 50 Sacrifice kuriii 51 Fctrm k^i obu 52 Hoe d^ndo go DO 1 Ajcc ... gue bu 54 Cassava yambalen bara 55 Rice momo; nialo (kulo, f/ffl«) gQ (f 0, clean ; bara, rough) 56 Pineapple ... r)(,4baii(leo ba 57 Root ];mudon kurugulo 68 Work walo 59 Pepper kisan 60 , Grass bilo gasu (11 Flower yomkwama kurufa (i:J Thorn ivi den €o Soil ... louden guro, ye 64 Sand sionde ehe 65 Wood VQmde ; owomo €6 Rvsh iiyayo bie 67 Mountain ... bundQ tino dime 68 Brook peo vovoro 69 Fresh water m§ ndaii ma diindon {cold) 70 Scdt water ... my meihela ma lahan 71 Top fo 72 Country kalen fuo (Gola) 73 Sky hala bomafo 74 Cloud hala melaka fno 75 Star leon du 76 Wi)id hoye fni • 77 Thunder taiiden dufui 78 Fire yinden hwomo 79 Ashes pulan dim 80 Year wQlen doa 81 Noon palt; tei gua redita 82 Evening goyl^n arogoya ~ 83 Sleep loan 84 Cattle wisa wage bara 85 Horse so so 86 Coiv nawo 87 Sheep sa bawa 88 Antelope woua iritili 89 Lion lorio ziri 90 Crocodile kuiyo zu 91 Milk melen yamale 92 Gcdl lolo 93 Medicine koan oguro 94 Gnat peiigo 95 Wasp kin kiuno 96 Centipede ... kenia 97 Chameleon ... yangafelo SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. 47 D^woi. Basa. TWESE. wru wru 49 50 gle gle bara 51 ka kra, kla kali 52 go Jvia yua 53 kuio boi manan 54 man (koi, rovcih ; V)n, clean) mo (koi, rough ; pu, clean) mono (kaa, rcni.gh ; nkure clean) 55 kwibo kwibQ 56 giibla 57 58 kle {red), ba {Muck) ba kiau 59 pi pi kara 60 ve 61 wi wi 62 bio bio dQi 63 pio pio neia 64 nae bio nya-* koi 65 koa kura dgra 66 suye troya ye 67 nibo nidugli 68 ni nipa yalai 69 Jiwo tpni biiroya 70 gai ge 71 kuiiiu ; blu {s(jU) bio 72 jae iiiiia gere 73 ja (dre, Uack ; pa, ■white) giiu 74 dra dra pemelen kau 75 pa pagu fana 76 wura {lightning) urawura gire bana 77 nai nya riori 78 trii tio du 79 Ua so 80 fua iroan 81 g" hvvio gire wuli 82 83 bli soaledsii 84 so be so 85 blinno 86 bula bla bara 87 buso, su ga 88 gamla gania 89 hrua wrua 90 ne nani 01 92 ko ko 93 94 95 96 97 48 SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. Kisi. 98 IfliMiia sayuudo 99 Bush cat tiwolo 100 Parrot sa 101 Buttrrflii tandampolo • 102 Rat ' belq 103 Canoe, dtjutlo 104 Ghmt nina ; wonakiroio (of un- buried leper tvho attacks people em the road). 105 Leprosy l§lo 106 Palm tree ... wawo 107 „ ivine. ... moya 108 „ nut buwo {unripe), beloi'i {ripe) 109 „ rr(bba(/(' PQ 110 Wax diba 111 Soaj} senda 112 Town geo gawa 113 ViUarjr si^ndgkorg '' alfa 114 Oraiifje gamali 115 Htronq gai-a 116 Weak liura 117 Buj bolide bele 118 Small gua 119 Lonij mwula 120 Hlwrt burn 121 Drcp gu 122 Hiqh inwula 123 White mbu fua 124 Black gie, die 125 Red uwan 126 Yellow nyana 127 Fine sia 128 Desert nana 129 Good k§nda sia 130 Bad, dead ... fa 131 Old sobo 132 Miu gai 133 Clean bonou 134 Firstborn ... guafen 1 35 Dirtij nina 136 Sick samsa 137 Well kabia 138 Glad gemgesawa 139 Ripe yua 140 Cold luanyurnl fui 141 Hot bie 142 Dnj woa 143 Wet dQrq 144 Slotv da 145 Quick biasoa GOLA. SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. 49 D^wof. 'PWESE. 98 99 Imba 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 fosoa wurn 112 kwesau guak'o 113 se so 114 glau ku 115 bnni foi 116 fo boi 117 tua, tiyo, uaui taTwe 118 IMa tanioi 119 I'llu kwoi 120 bi detuuio 121 tunio jae (0 tumoga 122 pa pu, bhii 123 dre ; )jc ; {or qrccn) be _ 124 fui saui 125 jema siuia ban 126 moi dsi 127 iiiri uiiidsi 128 nuraa gikm • 129 nirible blenigi 130 ba soa 131 die die 132 l')a hwai 133 Ijai keiike 134 I'wfi zera 135 wei wa 136 sewa klei 137 mrua bo 138' fui, fu ba 139 so, pa pa 140 sumu seuiu 141 dsa dsa 142 bui te' 143 hwle 144 fua 145 50 SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. Kisi. GOLA. 146 Sweet yera Ijuye 147 Sour hai 148 All ... fau U 149 Many • • > simwe 150 Few 151 Eat... de 152 Buy... pionao 153 Die... • • * wi 154 Come hin, hun 155 Go ... kwe, ko 156 Take gua 157 Stnnd , , , , sim 158 Sit ... gal 159 Brink kol 160 Give yongu 161 Love , , kanra 162 Curse ye 163 Cut ... kero 164 Catch bi 165 Tic ... , ^ yi 166 Have ., _ no 167 See ... go 168 I ... .. i, ya [na] mia 169 Thou nom luna 170 He ... ndu 'ona] hun 171 We... na seua] yawe 172 You nia mua (?) 173 They, them nda, ha guni 174 And , , ga 175 If ... , . 176 But . . . 177 That 178 Who ? , , , , n§ bo 179 Which • kiue 180 Hoiv many yakin 181 This .. ho \va 182 Many simwe 183 All'... bi 184 My ... da mio, my father di mia, my head diuila, my head, 185 Thy 186 His... , , , , di hun, Ids head 187 Our... .. sa wio, our house 188 Your 189 Their •• •• bu hin, their farm Note. — ^Koelle gives both " thy " and " your " for mua. SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. 51 Difwoi. deni koi'ii) r)o(n) (ludu sefii si, ba da na, II ua Q a (ma) mnio a ka wa awa sinye awe, owe Basa. 'PWESE. ( . de 146 iriwo 147 se 148 fui, nyofui 149 sefu 150 di 151 do 152 153 154 155 156 157 • 158 159 160 161 •^ 162 163 164 165 166 167 mmo 168 uimo 169 nyoa 170 a wio 171 mo 172 Q bin 173 ke 174 ni 175 e 176 be 177 178 live ■ 179 gio wa 180 giri, nyoa (this oiie) 181 182 183 na, ba 1 184 moa 185 a 186 a 187 nawe 188 a, q 189 SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. Notes on Kisi. («) -den -en -ai -0, -yi) -do (l') -eo, -0 (0) -0, -ei -re, -de ('0 _p (e) -den, -1 There are signs of a prefix in Kisi, but tlie plural is formed by a suffix, or by the dropping of part of the singular : Singular. Plural. , -tan -an -au -ran -dan, -doran, -tan -e -on -ron, -don -nta -de, -le. The perfect in Kisi is formed by au auxiliary (?) ki(ra), or ki(ma) between the pronoun and the main verb; ikiinalo, I have slept; o is sometimes added to the verb, ikidio, I have eaten ; ti is a variant form of ki. The future may be shown in tliree ways : — iko, I go, being used in two ; or a suffix en, or ano, ane. ikcihunen, ikohun, ihunen, I shall come, iloane, I shall flog. The direct object comes between tlie auxiliary and the verli : — ndu ki yom bQudo kiro. he has the tree large cut. i ki nawa piondo a uomau. I have cows bought them seven. i ki ndu ilio. I have it eaten. i ki nom male yongu mbcj. I have thee rice given much. nom ti gapunu go ? You have friend my seen ? In the case of the simple verb the object, whether noun or pronoun, follows: — I de momo, I eat rice i de ndu I eat it yongi a m^nda give me water. SPECIMENS OF LANGUAGES. 53 Prepositions may precdlu or follow tlio noun and sometimes tlie pei-sonal pronoun — * i liin leno or i liinal hond^faiii timamiiia kwii ylifjndeni death for. But his cou.sin luiiigs hi.s them all well. When leopard ready o aiii fasulkii fare, aiiabanden^ fmgnila fant; .sol entjbfjya iaii^ .srd tliat .■she Sjiider kill, his cousin calls out : cave roof i« falling ; cave roof §nnb§ya kwii asQ awandi banbaii kol yo' ^iukg fa.sulkii nd!iandeii(; afg is falling ; leopard got up herself fi-x under, as post ; .Spider hi.s cousin said : kwii g ani aniakgi'i faua kgl tiuiaiiiina ani ta' pwiiikgn^an Ida leopard that .she wait cave undei- while they go ]K)sts for theui ani asg sa', kwii ^jeyala kng kgnde iidgiida. antake nib^fa.sulku ala mbanden^ to keep up ; leopard takes word good agreed. They go so Spider his cousin waibg a basania kola. kwii tola fang sol bgyaiia su abala yg kiiiidi thanks his help foi'. Leopard waits, cave roof liokling is, she dries as hair ni' ai'ala. and dies. Record 729 '' Loko. SlWURO E NGENA LABI KO WO Spider was thunder the imitate(ixo). Siwuro rg ena la yira liuu : uggugelgvva ua ligtiya kg gcya ai tuhai Spider lived town one in ; working time the came ; he sat, he not plants 111 kggea : liawana aba, opiiiggWgri gnighe ligrg. planted : he said : rainy season the comes, he manages to eat-thing get. Hawana ligtiya kg laba wa wodia avva bgkgna oba njana aba Rainy season the came he bag big found and evening the comes, water the comes, ohgnganwa. Eli ninga tebanbaua Im kohona nwama. he hangs it on himself. Going people their gardens the in, "garden eggs" steal to. ohitia banbana bun o ngena labikggnga iigngai ka toliia When he arrives garden the in he thunder the imitates jieople the then they fear, towoa tabgrgnaun tgtg iige bebeiia aranwe alabi. Ggsiwuro they go their hou.ses in, they think thuiulor real the it is it that sounds. Mr. Spider o labana ligna akolinna (ii>gla ndirg epe ^'.i^^Q Iq'^Q- he l)ag the tills with ''garden eggs " the, he returns : this was [what] he did every time. Awakiia labitiua njana aiwani : kangauna bonga : keya Night another water the did not rain : then moon the shone : he went niiigai tibanbanabnn nibuena awa kakobona nwama. Eliitiya people's the their garden the in ; yams the and " garden eggs " the stejil to. He arrived, kg labana bgnga anigbc kgngcna labikgnga ban niiigai he bag the tilleil with eat-things ; he thinider the imitated a long time : jwople the 60 STORIES. timainia katigea ngcniuli iigo awo a ljai'ir>a hti bdre ; they lieard it then they said : thuudei- this voice comes out fi'om gaiden in road ; amfa mohdwa. TilTa ka ti kuyaiiia ka tilmwa Tifqneuia let us go, we catch it. They went, then tliey round, then they caught it. They flogged hail ka ti purea ; ka Baraiia wiigwii ; tau janguhuii a long time ; then they burst then feet the came out ; that is why nowadaj's siworona IWra IMliin. spider the feet many. TONES. A certain minibur of records were taken to illustrate the use of tones, but no systematic study could be attempted in Sieira Leone in the time at my disposal. As l)efore, I have to thank Mr. Daniel Jones for his study of them. The followuig record deals with Bulom and Lr^ko ; by an oversight the transhition of the last Bulom sentence was not recorded, but it means " a maggot is on your head " or something of IIk; sort. The m of rapant was inaudible. X indicates a fall of not less than five tones. Ron (true) appears to the car to be nnieh shorter than r on (hill) ; probably the consonant is cut short. Eests are inserted in tlie ])liras(^s to mark llie rhylhm. Bulam. Record 733. Hf >zi — —\/ — h^ — =— hi — t-l ■-' s— ■ — b — n* - •-— =^=Ez:!e:i5i:=U--Erz/ -i^— /— 5 ^ s: mpant ; ijipant ; mpant nianiwt; work ; tie ; work your mahapant hono. is to tie this. F^— ^Pv= bm 17* t7a . hm P hm -•■ ^ff r^ t ^ i^ >. 1/ - / V l^-r-^-F-p-H^^-F-^^ y — ^ ron, rQi'i : hill ; true ; rrjii kwQ man§ niaron it is true those are hills bul: bul head ; maggot ±p .-.-Ij^- :'E^?EeEi5^H^-_=fc Loko. aoi liulondQ atuk ngau hgau ngsW ! (Probable rise of about eye : bush yam : egg, uioou ; a semitone on this a.) ngi ngau naiuiw^; ngi ngiui naro I bush vams eat ; I moon see anyajma with mv eve Kiu, Kai' snake, hoe * Possibly with short fall at end. 62 TONES. If the difference between mpaiil (work) and nipant (tie) is purely one of tone, the interval, assuming that b is a high middle tone, is much smaller that in Tbo. But it seems more probable that the distinction depends on some feature not adequately reproduced in a phonograph record, though it should be remembered (a) that my informant gave the words in illustration of the meanings depending on tones; and (b) that precisely the same relation is found to exist between the two words bill, both as single words and in the phrase. "When words are incorporated in a phrase, they appear to undergo startling changes; pant (tie) is on b flat, lower than eitlier note of pant (work), which takes a rising tone with very brief components. Rgn (true) loses its falling tone but remains at the pitch of its first tone; while ron (hill) falls a tone and takes in the plural a prefix with a rising tone. In Loko many words are shortened by dropping a consonant, and it is probable that 1 is elideil in more than one of the e.^mples. The difference between hgau (eye) and hgau (liush yam) lies not only in the rising tone of the first, but also in the quality of this vowel, which is a forward a. In the phrase, iigau becomes monosyllabic and the pronunciation as well as the tone of ngau undergoes a change, the two vowels coalescing, and the u becoming palatalised ; it is, however, possible that the two vowels remain distinct and that the components of the falling tone should, in reality, be assigned one to each vowel. The words for " moon " and " bush yam " appear to be indistinguishable either in pitch, length, or pronunciation. Unfortunately the phrase including the two words kai is not included in the duplicated record. 3 1158 00993 2236 l^ M W'H-^^^'^Wmm9